# Algoma—Manitoulin—Kapuskasing

Algoma—Manitoulin—Kapuskasing is a federal electoral district in Ontario, Canada, that has been represented in the House of Commons of Canada since 2004. The area was represented by the riding of Algoma from 1867 to 1904 and from 1968 to 1996 and then by Algoma—Manitoulin from 1996 to 2004.

## Demographics

According to the 2021 Canadian census
* Languages: 68.7% English, 23.6% French, 1.3% Ojibway, 1.1% German
* Religions: 65.2% Christian (40.5% Catholic, 6.6% United Church, 4.5% Anglican, 1.1% Baptist, 1.1% Pentecostal, 11.4% Other), 1.7% Indigenous Spirituality, 31.7% None
* Median income: $37,200 (2020)
* Average income: $46,520 (2020)
Panethnic groups in Algoma—Manitoulin—Kapuskasing (2011−2021) :
| Panethnic group | 2021 | 2021 | 2016 | 2016 | 2011 | 2011 |
| Panethnic group | Pop. | % | Pop. | % | Pop. | % |
| European | 61,675 | 77.98% | 62,255 | 79.6% | 64,285 | 81.48% |
| Indigenous | 15,895 | 20.1% | 14,990 | 19.17% | 13,775 | 17.46% |
| African | 410 | 0.52% | 270 | 0.35% | 275 | 0.35% |
| South Asian | 350 | 0.44% | 145 | 0.19% | 105 | 0.13% |
| East Asian | 300 | 0.38% | 270 | 0.35% | 200 | 0.25% |
| Southeast Asian | 215 | 0.27% | 85 | 0.11% | 115 | 0.15% |
| Latin American | 55 | 0.07% | 60 | 0.08% | 80 | 0.1% |
| Middle Eastern | 50 | 0.06% | 70 | 0.09% | 0 | 0% |
| Other/multiracial | 155 | 0.2% | 60 | 0.08% | 50 | 0.06% |
| Total responses | 79,095 | 98.49% | 78,205 | 98.39% | 78,900 | 98.87% |
| Total population | 80,310 | 100% | 79,483 | 100% | 79,801 | 100% |
| Notes: Totals greater than 100% due to multiple origin responses. Demographics based on 2012 Canadian federal electoral redistribution riding boundaries. |||||||

## Geography

The district includes the eastern, northern and central parts of Algoma District, the extreme northwestern part and extreme southwestern part of Sudbury District, the extreme southeastern part of Thunder Bay District, all of Manitoulin District, and western Cochrane District along the Trans Canada highway. Large communities include Elliot Lake, Kapuskasing, Hearst, Espanola, Wawa, Manitouwadge, Blind River, Sables-Spanish Rivers, Chapleau, and Northeastern Manitoulin and the Islands. The area is 103,364 km$^2$.

## History

The electoral district was created in 2003. 71.7% of the population of the riding came from Algoma—Manitoulin, and 28.3% from Timmins-James Bay.
Algoma was created in the British North America Act and consisted of the Provisional Judicial District of Algoma District. In 1882, the district consisted of the area between the Provisional Thunder Bay District and the Province of Manitoba. In 1892, it consisted of all areas of Ontario west of the Nipissing electoral district, and also included Manitoulin Island and the islands around it. The district was abolished in 1903 when it was redistributed into Algoma East and Algoma West ridings.
A new Algoma district was created from Algoma East and Algoma West in 1966. It consisted of most of Algoma District except the extreme north and northwestern portions, and Sault Ste. Marie. It also included Manitoulin Island, nearby islands, and the southwestern corner of Sudbury. In 1976, the district was expanded to the north, and to include the suburbs of Sault Ste. Marie, Whitefish River Indian Reserve, and more of the southwestern part of Sudbury District.
In 1987, it was expanded to include part of the city of Sault Ste. Marie, the part of Rankin Indian Reserve within city limits, more of western Sudbury District, all of Manitoulin District, and much of southcentral Sudbury District. There were also some boundary changes in the north part of the Algoma district.
In 1996, the district consisted of all of Algoma District except Sault Ste. Marie, the northwestern corner and the southwestern corner of Sudbury District, Manitoulin District, and the southeastern corner of Thunder Bay District.
In 1997, the name of the district was changed to Algoma—Manitoulin.
Most of the riding was redistributed in 2003 into Algoma—Manitoulin—Kapuskasing, with small parts going to Nickel Belt and Sault Ste. Marie ridings.
This riding gained territory from Sault Ste. Marie and Nickel Belt during the 2012 electoral redistribution.

### Members of Parliament

This riding has elected the following members of Parliament:
| Parliament | Years | Member | Party |
| Algoma |||||
| 1st | 1867–1871 | Wemyss Mackenzie Simpson | Conservative |
| 1st | 1871–1872 | Frederick William Cumberland | Conservative |
| 2nd | 1872–1874 | John Beverley Robinson | Conservative |
| 3rd | 1874–1878 | Edward Borron | Liberal |
| 4th | 1878–1882 | Simon James Dawson | Conservative |
| 5th | 1882–1887 | Simon James Dawson | Conservative |
| 6th | 1887–1891 | Simon James Dawson | Conservative |
| 7th | 1891–1896 | George Hugh Macdonell | Conservative |
| 8th | 1896–1900 | Albert Dyment | Liberal |
| 9th | 1900–1904 | Albert Dyment | Liberal |
| Riding dissolved into Algoma East and Algoma West |||||
| Algoma Riding re-created from Algoma East and Algoma West |||||
| 28th | 1968–1972 | Maurice Foster | Liberal |
| 29th | 1972–1974 | Maurice Foster | Liberal |
| 30th | 1974–1979 | Maurice Foster | Liberal |
| 31st | 1979–1980 | Maurice Foster | Liberal |
| 32nd | 1980–1984 | Maurice Foster | Liberal |
| 33rd | 1984–1988 | Maurice Foster | Liberal |
| 34th | 1988–1993 | Maurice Foster | Liberal |
| 35th | 1993–1997 | Brent St. Denis | Liberal |
| Algoma—Manitoulin |||||
| 36th | 1997–2000 | Brent St. Denis | Liberal |
| 37th | 2000–2004 | Brent St. Denis | Liberal |
| Algoma—Manitoulin—Kapuskasing |||||
| 38th | 2004–2006 | Brent St. Denis | Liberal |
| 39th | 2006–2008 | Brent St. Denis | Liberal |
| 40th | 2008–2011 | Carol Hughes | New Democratic |
| 41st | 2011–2015 | Carol Hughes | New Democratic |
| 42nd | 2015–2019 | Carol Hughes | New Democratic |
| 43rd | 2019–2021 | Carol Hughes | New Democratic |
| 44th | 2021–present | Carol Hughes | New Democratic |
| Riding dissolved into Kapuskasing—Timmins—Mushkegowuk, Sault Ste. Marie—Algoma, Sudbury East—Manitoulin—Nickel Belt, and Thunder Bay—Superior North |||||

## Election results
### Algoma—Manitoulin—Kapuskasing (2003–present)

vte2021 Canadian federal election :
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | Expenditures |
| | New Democratic | Carol Hughes | 15,895 | 40.2 | -1.4 | $79,081.62 |
| | Conservative | John Sagman | 10,885 | 27.5 | +1.3 | none listed |
| | Liberal | Duke Peltier | 8,888 | 22.5 | -1.8 | $48,545.29 |
| | People's | Harry Jaaskelainen | 2,840 | 7.2 | +5.0 | $1,805.85 |
| | Green | Stephen Zimmermann | 726 | 1.8 | -3.6 | $42.50 |
| | Christian Heritage | Clarence Baarda | 289 | 0.7 | | $9,805.46 |
| Total valid votes | Total valid votes | Total valid votes | 39,523 |
| Total rejected ballots | Total rejected ballots | Total rejected ballots | 291 |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 39,814 | 59.88 |
| Eligible voters | Eligible voters | Eligible voters | 66,487 |
| | New Democratic hold | New Democratic hold | Swing | Swing | -1.35 |
| Source: Elections Canada |||||||
vte2019 Canadian federal election :
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | Expenditures |
| | New Democratic | Carol Hughes | 16,883 | 41.59 | +1.67 | $105,479.79 |
| | Conservative | Dave Williamson | 10,625 | 26.18 | +2.44 | $58,396.49 |
| | Liberal | Heather Wilson | 9,879 | 24.34 | -9.77 | $61,853.69 |
| | Green | Max Chapman | 2,192 | 5.40 | +3.16 | none listed |
| | People's | Dave Delisle | 887 | 2.19 | | none listed |
| | Rhinoceros | Le Marquis de Marmalade | 125 | 0.31 | | $0.00 |
| Total valid votes/expense limit | Total valid votes/expense limit | Total valid votes/expense limit | 40,591 | 99.06 |
| Total rejected ballots | Total rejected ballots | Total rejected ballots | 384 | 0.94 | +0.55 |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 40,975 | 62.17 | -3.49 |
| Eligible voters | Eligible voters | Eligible voters | 65,906 |
| | New Democratic hold | New Democratic hold | Swing | Swing | -0.38 |
| Source: Elections Canada |||||||
vte2015 Canadian federal election :
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | Expenditures |
| | New Democratic | Carol Hughes | 16,516 | 39.92 | −10.01 | $79,801.31 |
| | Liberal | Heather Wilson | 14,111 | 34.11 | +19.66 | $36,962.72 |
| | Conservative | André Robichaud | 9,820 | 23.73 | −8.77 | $54,344.43 |
| | Green | Calvin John Orok | 927 | 2.24 | −0.84 | – |
| Total valid votes/expense limit | Total valid votes/expense limit | Total valid votes/expense limit | 41,374 | 99.61 | | $247,218.89 |
| Total rejected ballots | Total rejected ballots | Total rejected ballots | 161 | 0.39 | – |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 41,535 | 65.66 |
| Eligible voters | Eligible voters | Eligible voters | 63,253 |
| | New Democratic hold | New Democratic hold | Swing | Swing | -14.84 |
| Source: Elections Canada |||||||
2011 federal election redistributed results :
| Party | Vote | % |
| New Democratic | 19,561 | 49.93 |
| Conservative | 12,734 | 32.51 |
| Liberal | 5,660 | 14.45 |
| Green | 1,208 | 3.08 |
| Others | 11 | 0.03 |
vte2011 Canadian federal election :
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | Expenditures |
| | New Democratic | Carol Hughes | 18,747 | 51.73 | +6.24 | – |
| | Conservative | Ray Sturgeon | 10,943 | 30.19 | +12.55 | – |
| | Liberal | François Cloutier | 5,375 | 14.83 | -17.70 | – |
| | Green | Lorraine Rekmans | 1,212 | 3.34 | -0.98 | – |
| Total valid votes/expense limit | Total valid votes/expense limit | Total valid votes/expense limit | 36,242 | 100.00 |
| Total rejected ballots | Total rejected ballots | Total rejected ballots | 179 | 0.49 |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 36,421 | 62.76 |
| | New Democratic Party hold | New Democratic Party hold | Swing | -3.2 | |
vte2008 Canadian federal election :
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | Expenditures |
| | New Democratic | Carol Hughes | 15,249 | 45.49 | +10.98 | $91,893 |
| | Liberal | Brent St. Denis | 10,902 | 32.53 | -5.65 | $90,379 |
| | Conservative | Dianne Musgrove | 5,914 | 17.64 | -5.70 | $8,989 |
| | Green | Lorraine Rekmans | 1,451 | 4.32 | +1.65 | $5,448 |
| Total valid votes/expense limit | Total valid votes/expense limit | Total valid votes/expense limit | 33,516 | 100.00 | $97,228 |
| Total rejected ballots | Total rejected ballots | Total rejected ballots | 175 | 0.52 |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 33,691 | 56.53 |
| | New Democratic Party gain from Liberal | New Democratic Party gain from Liberal | Swing | +8.3 | |
vte2006 Canadian federal election :
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | Expenditures |
| | Liberal | Brent St. Denis | 14,652 | 38.18 | −2.76 | $52,836 |
| | New Democratic | Carol Hughes | 13,244 | 34.51 | +2.82 | $51,642 |
| | Conservative | Ian West | 8,957 | 23.34 | +0.13 | $65,745 |
| | Green | Sarah Hutchinson | 1,025 | 2.67 | −1.40 | $647 |
| | First Peoples National | Will Morin | 338 | 0.88 | – | $829 |
| | Independent | Donald Polmateer | 164 | 0.43 | – | none listed |
| Total valid votes | Total valid votes | Total valid votes | 38,380 | 100.00 |
| Total rejected ballots | Total rejected ballots | Total rejected ballots | 216 | 0.56 |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 38,596 | 63.99 |
| Electors on the lists | Electors on the lists | Electors on the lists | 60,311 |
| Sources: Official Results, Elections Canada and Financial Returns, Elections Canada. |||||||
vte2004 Canadian federal election :
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | Liberal | Brent St. Denis | 14,276 | 40.94 |
| | New Democratic | Carol Hughes | 11,051 | 31.69 |
| | Conservative | Blaine Armstrong | 8,093 | 23.21 |
| | Green | Lindsay Killen | 1,449 | 4.16 |
| Total | Total | Total | 34,869 | 100.00 |

### Algoma—Manitoulin (1997–2003)

vte2000 Canadian federal election :
| Candidate | Votes | % |
| Liberal | Brent St. Denis | 15,000 | 48.36 |
| Alliance | Ron Swain | 8,992 | 28.99 |
| New Democratic | Grant Buck | 4,326 | 13.95 |
| Progressive Conservative | Dale Lapham | 2,269 | 7.32 |
| Green | Alexander Jablanczy | 428 | 1.38 |
vte1997 Canadian federal election :
| Candidate | Votes | % |
| Liberal | Brent St. Denis | 13,810 | 41.31 |
| Reform | Jim Jeffery | 8,353 | 24.99 |
| New Democratic | Jody Wildman | 7,897 | 23.62 |
| Progressive Conservative | Roseanne MacDonald | 3,367 | 10.07 |

### Algoma (1966–1997)

vte1993 Canadian federal election :
| Candidate | Votes | % |
| Liberal | Brent St. Denis | 18,218 | 58.05 |
| Reform | Ken Leffler | 6,623 | 21.10 |
| Progressive Conservative | David Mair | 3,613 | 11.51 |
| New Democratic | Gayle Erma Broad | 2,696 | 8.59 |
| Natural Law | Bernard Brégaint | 235 | 0.75 |
vte1988 Canadian federal election :
| Candidate | Votes | % |
| Liberal | Maurice Foster | 16,766 | 53.24 |
| Progressive Conservative | Jim Reed | 7,383 | 23.45 |
| New Democratic | Lloyd Greenspoon | 7,341 | 23.31 |
vte1984 Canadian federal election :
| Candidate | Votes | % |
| Liberal | Maurice Foster | 14,113 | 38.26 |
| Progressive Conservative | Jim Reed | 12,811 | 34.73 |
| New Democratic | Rocco Frangione | 9,499 | 25.75 |
| Not affiliated | Harold Bruzas | 462 | 1.25 |
vte1980 Canadian federal election :
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | Liberal | Maurice Foster | 17,432 | 50.54 |
| | New Democratic | Jim Dinner | 11,262 | 32.65 |
| | Progressive Conservative | Bernt Gilbertson | 5,633 | 16.33 |
| | Libertarian | Leslie T. Reid | 113 | 0.33 |
| | Marxist–Leninist | David Grey | 49 | 0.14 |
| lop.parl.ca |||||||
vte1979 Canadian federal election :
| Candidate | Votes | % |
| Liberal | Maurice Foster | 15,277 | 45.04 |
| New Democratic | Jim Dinner | 10,989 | 32.40 |
| Progressive Conservative | Fred Sagle | 7,531 | 22.20 |
| Marxist–Leninist | Wayne Derrah | 121 | 0.36 |
vte1974 Canadian federal election :
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | Liberal | Maurice Foster | 11,360 | 52.02 |
| | New Democratic | Hughene MacDonald | 5,240 | 24.00 |
| | Progressive Conservative | Ron Ritchie | 5,136 | 23.52 |
| | Independent | Fernand Trottier | 100 | 0.46 |
| Source: Canadian Elections Database |||||||
vte1972 Canadian federal election :
| Candidate | Votes | % |
| Liberal | Maurice Foster | 10,160 | 45.89 |
| Progressive Conservative | Dale Burley | 6,721 | 30.36 |
| New Democratic | Kelly Sweeney | 4,599 | 20.77 |
| Social Credit | Nil F. Cote | 508 | 2.29 |
| Independent | George Washington Strain | 150 | 0.68 |
vte1968 Canadian federal election :
| Candidate | Votes | % |
| Liberal | Maurice Foster | 9,542 | 50.57 |
| Progressive Conservative | John D. McPhail | 5,270 | 27.93 |
| New Democratic | Len Lefebvre | 4,057 | 21.50 |

### Algoma (1867–1903)

vte1900 Canadian federal election :
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | Liberal | Albert Dyment | 3,083 | 53.09 |
| | Conservative | A. C. Boyce | 2,724 | 46.91 |
vte1896 Canadian federal election :
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | Liberal | Albert Dyment | 3,176 | 70.19 |
| | Conservative | George Hugh Macdonell | 1,349 | 29.81 |
vte1891 Canadian federal election :
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | Conservative | George Hugh Macdonell | 2,251 | 55.39 |
| | Unknown | Daniel F. Burk | 1,813 | 44.61 |
vte1887 Canadian federal election :
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | Conservative | Simon James Dawson | 1,428 | 50.32 |
| | Unknown | Daniel F. Burk | 1,410 | 49.68 |
vte1882 Canadian federal election :
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | Conservative | Simon James Dawson | 1,707 | 60.55 |
| | Liberal | William McDougall | 1,112 | 39.45 |
vte1878 Canadian federal election :
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | Conservative | Simon James Dawson | 885 | 64.84 |
| | Unknown | Mr. Rankin | 480 | 35.16 |
vte1874 Canadian federal election :
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | Liberal | Edward Borron | 436 | 61.24 |
| | Unknown | W. J. Scott | 258 | 36.24 |
| | Unknown | P. J. Brown | 18 | 2.53 |
| Source: Canadian Elections Database |||||||
vte1872 Canadian federal election :
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | Conservative | John Beverly Robinson | 300 | 57.80 |
| | Unknown | G. J. Denison Jr. | 219 | 42.20 |
| Source: Canadian Elections Database |||||||
On Mr. Simpson's resignation to become Indian Commissioner for the North:
By-election on 30 June 1871 :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes |
| | Conservative | Frederick William Cumberland | acclaimed |
vte1867 Canadian federal election :
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | Conservative | Wemyss Mackenzie Simpson | 250 | 47.26 |
| | Unknown | William Beatty | 241 | 45.56 |
| | Unknown | A. MacDonell | 38 | 7.18 |
| Eligible voters | Eligible voters | Eligible voters | 862 |
| Source: Canadian Parliamentary Guide, 1871 |||||||