OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Friedrich Högner

Friedrich Johannes Paul Högner (11 July 1897 − 26 March 1981) was a German organist and church musician.

## Career

Born in Oberwaldbehrungen [de], today Ostheim, Högner was the son of the Protestant pastor Andreas Högner and his wife Mathilde, née Städler. He attended the Gymnasium Carolinum (Ansbach), then the Lehrerseminar [de] in Altdorf and finally studied music at the University of Music and Performing Arts Munich, Erlangen and Leipzig. As a student he became a member of the Erlanger Wingolf [de] and the Leipziger Wingolf [de].
From 1922 he was cantor for three years in Gohlis (Leipzig) [de]. At the same time he was musical director at the St. Thomas School, Leipzig and in 1924 he took over the representation of Karl Straube at the conservatory .
In 1925, Högner went to Regensburg as city cantor and Kirchenmusikdirektor. in Roma Quanta fuit. Wißner Augsburg, 2010, ISBN 978-3-89639-799-7, pp. 667–668]. In 1929 he returned to the Leipzig Conservatory as an organ teacher. There he was organist at the Paulinerkirche and was appointed professor at the Church Music Institute in 1934. From 1937 to 1965 he was the regional church music director of the Evangelical Lutheran Church in Bavaria. From 1959 he was also professor at the Staatliche Hochschule für Musik in Munich and head of the department for church music.

## Bell expert

* His name is mentioned on the homepage of the Kaiser Wilhelm Memorial Church in the context of his work as a bell expert: "...The board of trustees of the foundation Kaiser-Wilhelm-Gedächtniskirche decided in its meeting on July 8, 1959, to use the tone sequence Gº Bº C' D' D` Es' F', which had been proposed independently by several experts. Wolfgang Reimann and Friedrich Högner had also pleaded for this tone sequence, which best met the different requirements...".

## Jury member

* In 1970 he was jury member of the international organ competition at the MAfestival Brügge [de] in Bruges.

## Trivia

Högner had no driver's license. So he travelled around by train or had relatives take him to his destination. If, for example, as a bell expert he had his bell testing instruments with him, he had to carry the heavy bag with him.
Högner died in Munich at the age of 83.

## Honours

* 1955: Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany
* Bavarian Order of Merit.

## Literature

* Friedrich Herzfeld (ed.): Das Neue Ullstein Lexikon der Musik. Ullstein, Frankfurt [et al.] 1993.
* Bernhard A. Kohl in Das Große Lexikon der Musik. Volume 4, p. 108. Freiburg in Br. 1981 [et al.]
# George Fincham

George Fincham (20 August 1828 – 21 December 1910) was an organ builder active in Australia.
Fincham was born in London; his father (Jonathan George Fincham) and grandfather were both organ builders and so it is not surprising he practised this trade himself. He was apprenticed in 1842–49 to the London organ builder Henry Bevington, and then worked as a foreman for James Bishop & Son. Fincham emigrated to Australia in 1852 and started working as an organ tuner and repairer 113 Queen Street in Melbourne. In 1853 he went to the diggings at Ballarat. He returned to Melbourne in 1854 and worked as a builder on the Spencer Street railway station. Within ten years of his arrival in Australia he had raised sufficient funds to equip a workshop and buy stock to begin organ building as George Fincham & Sons. Also by this time churches had funds for pipe organs and interest in organ music was growing, helped by the arrival of organists such as Charles Horsley, David Lee and the Revd George Torrance in Australia. The organ building business grew and by 1904 he had a branches in Adelaide and Sydney, and agents in Perth and Brisbane.
Altogether he built about 200 organs for cathedrals and churches and supplied pipe work and parts to organ builders throughout Australasia. His integrity and the quality of the organs he built overcame the prejudice towards colonial work. He was outstanding among Australian organ builders for his skill, his business ability and his readiness to keep pace with modern trends. He patented many improvements; most of the organs he built had mechanical action and from 1886 some had tubular-pneumatic.
Fincham died in Melbourne in 1910. His company, continued by his sons and grandsons, completed many projects in more than a century of organ building. It closed down in February 2006.

## Notable organs

His notable instruments include:
* Intercolonial Exhibition of Australasia (built by Fincham in 1866).
* Ormond Anglican Church, Part of this organ is the first organ built by Fincham after moving to the colony of Victoria. The other part was built by one of his grandsons and the two were put together by a Perth based organ builder
* Royal Exhibition Building, Melbourne (built by Fincham in 1880) – considered his magnum opus.
* St Francis Xavier Catholic Church, Frankston (built by Fincham's son Leslie Fincham in 1927, and refurbished by his grandson George B. Fincham in 1977).
* St Kilda Town Hall (built by Fincham in 1892) – destroyed by fire on 7 April 1991.
* St Mary Star of the Sea, West Melbourne (built by Fincham between 1898 and 1900) – "Australia's largest 19th-century instrument still intact".
* Malvern Presbyterian Church, Melbourne (built by Fincham in 1906) – still in good working order.
* St. Patrick's Cathedral, Melbourne (built by Fincham's grandson George B. Fincham in 1962).
# Javanshir Fortress

Javanshir Fortress is a defensive fortress located 4 km north of the village of Talystan in the Ismayilli region, on the right bank of Aghcachay. The castle was built by the ruler Javanshir during the reign of Mehranids dynasty in the Caucasus Albania. The fortress is named after him. It is believed that the fortress was used as an administrative center.

## Structure

The fortress was constructed of lime and river stones. The area of the fortress is about 1.5 – 2 hectares. It consists of a fortress and an inner fortress called Naringala. It is surrounded by the valley of the Agchay river from three sides. The complex consists of the main part and Ichgala. The polygonal-shaped Ichgala was built on the highest point of the mountain. In most places only the basis of it remains. The walls of the Ichgala are demolished. The thickness of the southern wall of the main portion is 2 meters and its height is more than 10 meters. The western walls were completely destroyed by landslides. The defense complex includes 6 towers and their height are up to 8 meters. At the northern end of the tower there is a wall with a width of 2 meters and a ledge length of 50 meters. The wall is completed with a cylinder-shaped tower. The entrance to the castle was only from the southern side. There was a gate place with 2.5 m width. There were comb-shaped merlons about 0.5 m from each other on top of the walls. Tower was built to strengthen the walls of the castle. Ichgala is in the northern part of the fortress. Towers are four-cornered on the south, and rounded on other sides. Some of their diameters reach 8 meters. The main surveillance point is located at the northern end of the fortress. There used to be a hidden path on the north-eastern side of the fortress. This gave the opportunity to the fortress to communicate with the outside during a blockade.
The exact scheme of it was first compiled by Professor, Doctor of Geographical Sciences, Ramazan Tarverdiyev in 1963.
# National Organization for Development of Exceptional Talents

National Organization for Development of Exceptional Talents (NODET; also known by its native acronym SAMPAD) is an Iranian organization founded in 1976 that governs a series of selective schools.

## History

The organization was founded in the Autumn of 1976 by Iraj Broomand as National Iranian Organization for Gifted and Talented Education (NIOGATE), with two mixed-gender schools in Tehran (Alvand and Bolvar), with a budget of 13 million tomans. It was to serve as a model of excellence for education in Iran. This innovative organization was short-lived but its influence in the country was significant. Several international and American organizations collaborated with this nascent program, including the University of Southern California and the United Nations Education Commission.
After 1979 Revolution, the organization was continuing its work unofficially, until it was re-established in 1987 as National Organization for Development of Exceptional Talents (NODET; Persian: سازمان ملی پرورش استعدادهای درخشان Sāzmān-e Melli-ye Parvaresh-e Este'dādhā-ye Derakhshān, acronym سمپاد SAMPAD).

## Schools

The organization has 99 middle schools and 98 high schools.
The schools are informally called Tizhooshan (تیزهوشان, literally "sharp minds"). The boys schools in Tehran are often named Allameh Helli (علامه حلی) and the girls schools are often named Farzanegan (فرزانگان).

## Entrance

The organization recruits students annually through a two-step set of nationwide exams at both middle school and high school levels. The tests are designed to measure intelligence, talent and creativity rather than prior knowledge. The rate of acceptance is less than 5% for the thousands of students who apply annually.
The entrance for the educational and administrative staff is also selective. The teachers tend to be the best in the country.

## Education system

The educational materials, facilities, instructional methodologies, coursework and curriculum are different in these schools, and intended to develop the students' talents.
The courses are college-level in fields such as biology, chemistry, mathematics, physics and English. The schools usually offer only two majors, mathematics-physics and experimental sciences.
Virtually all medals in the Iranian Science Olympiads are won by the NODET students. The students are also top performers in many International Science Olympiads.

## Alumni

NODET alumni usually pursue higher education up to postgraduate level.
Some of the alumni are world class researchers in STEM fields and medicine. Notable alumni include the mathematician Maryam Mirzakhani, chess grandmaster Elshan Moradi, computer scientist Farinaz Koushanfar, and Unicode expert Roozbeh Pournader.
# Fiorenzo Serra

Fiorenzo Serra (3 May 1921 in Porto Torres – 28 September 2005 in Sassari) was an Italian film director and documentarist.
He produced 66 movies and documentaries, mainly based on Sardinia's ethnographic, social and cultural themes.
He won the Agis Prize for the documentary L'Ultimo Pugno di Terra in 1966, realised together the novelist Giuseppe Dessì and the future Italian minister Giuseppe Pisanu, with the supervision of the screenwriter Cesare Zavattini.
# Vagif Guliyev

Prof. Vagif Guliyev (Azerbaijani: Vaqif Sabir oğlu Quliyev) is an Azerbaijani mathematician. He was born in Salyan district of Azerbaijan republic, USSR. He has earned Doctor of Sciences Degree from Steklov Institute of Mathematics, Moscow in 1994. He has written three books and more than 100 published articles. He is a full professor at Baku State University.

## Research area

His research interests are:
* Potential type operators on Lie groups or homogeneous spaces
* Singular integral operators on Lie groups or homogeneous spaces
* Function spaces on Lie groups or homogeneous spaces
* Banach-valued function spaces of fractional smoothness
* Integral operators on strictly pseudo-convex domains in C$_n$
* Function spaces on strictly pseudo-convex domains in C$_n$
* Solvability and other properties of invariant partial differential equations on Lie groups
* Singular integrals, maximal functions and other integral operators, generated by Bessel differential operators
* Bessel harmonic analysis and applications
# Alzey Hills

The Alzey Hills (German: Alzeyer Hügelland) form a region of low, rolling hills, or Hügelland, 275 km$^2$ in area and up to 337 m above sea level (NHN), in Rhenish Hesse in the German state of Rhineland-Palatinate. From a natural region perspective they are part of the Upper Rhine Plain and classed as major unit no. 227.

## Geography

The Alzey Hills, which belong to the northern part of the Upper Rhine Plain, lie in the east of the state of Rhineland-Palatinate within the counties of Alzey-Worms and Donnersbergkreis. To the south they run into the Rhenish Hesse Hills and to the east into the Palatine Uplands. To the east they extend as far as the Wonnegau.
The hills, which derive their name from the town of Alzey in the north, lie roughly between Wörrstadt in the north, Alsheim in the northeast, Westhofen and Monsheim in the east, Grünstadt in the southeast, Wattenheim in the south, Eisenberg in the southwest and Kirchheimbolanden in the south.

## Description

The Alzey Hills, which are covered by loess, lime and marl-rich soils, are dominated by agriculture. In many areas it is a cultural landscape used, particularly on the southern slopes of the hills, for viticulture and, especially in the south, for arable farming. It is part of the foreland for the Palatine Uplands with sharper relief that the Rhenish Hesse Hills to the north. In the west, in the transition zone to the Palatine Uplands, the Alzey Hills are wooded in places.
Amongst the hills of the region that descends from west to east from heights of over 300 m above sea level (NN) to around 120 m above NN (near Westhofen), are the Zollstock (300.3 m; between Immesheim and Rüssingen), the Saukopf (296.4 m; near Immesheim), the Kahlenberg (305 m; near Kindenheim) and the ridge of Gerstenberg with the Quirnheimer Berg (316.6 m; near Quirnheim). The hills are bisected by the upper reaches of the Selz and the Seebach and the middle courses of the Pfrimm and the Eisbach.
# Michael Scott Fletcher

M [Michael] Scott Fletcher (1868–1947) was an Australian Methodist minister, foundation master of King's College, University of Queensland, foundation Master of Wesley College, University of Sydney and held the Chair of Philosophy at the University of Queensland.

## Family

Fletcher was born in Auckland, New Zealand, one of eight children of John Fletcher, a teacher and Methodist lay preacher, and his wife Eliza, née Bale. One of his brothers was the Australian minister and evangelist Lionel B. Fletcher. He married Lancashire-born Winifred Davies, a former Royal Prince Alfred Hospital trained nurse in 1896.

## Education

He attended Newington College (1883-1888) and completed a Bachelor of Arts degree (1893) and a Master of Arts degree (1902) at the University of Sydney. From 1909 until 1911 he wrote his doctoral thesis at the University of Oxford.

## University appointments

Fletcher returned to Australia in 1912 and was appointed the first master of King's College at the University of Queensland. In 1916 he was appointed foundation master of Wesley College at the University of Sydney. Seven years later he was appointed Professor of Philosophy at Queensland University.

## Death

He died in South Brisbane in November 1947 and left a widow, a daughter and a son. His son was the American non-commercial educational television pioneer Cyril Scott Fletcher.
# Guasimal

Guasimal is a Cuban village and consejo popular ("people's council", i.e. hamlet) of the municipality of Sancti Spíritus, in Sancti Spíritus Province. In 2011 it had a population of about 5,000.

## History

The village was founded in 1865. In late 1950s, during the Cuban Revolution, Che Guevara established his first guerrilla camp near the town. In November 2010, Aero Caribbean Flight 883 crashed near the village.

## Geography

Located on a plain between Zaza Reservoir and the Caribbean Coast, Guasimal is a rural village surrounded by some scattered hillocks and a forest area. It is 11 km from Paredes, 17 from Entronque Guasimal, 20 from Tunas de Zaza, 23 from Banao, 27 from Sancti Spíritus, 36 from La Sierpe and 74 from Trinidad. Nearest rivers are Mayabuna (west) and Zaza (east).

## Transport

The village is served by a railway station on the Sancti Spíritus-Tunas de Zaza line. Entronque Guasimal, 17 km north of it, is crossed in the middle by the state highway "Circuito Sur" (CS).
# Shin Gye-am

Sin Gye-am (fl. 1620s–1630s) was a Jurchen and Manchu interpreter during the middle period of Korea's Joseon dynasty. He belonged to the Pyeongsan Sin bongwan. Beginning in 1629, he went to Shenyang, then the Qing dynasty capital, to study the Manchu language and its new script. By 1637, he had translated five works from the old Jurchen script into the new Manchu script, and would go on to translate more. Among the works he translated were Geohwa (巨化), Gunan (仇難), Palsea (八歲兒), Soaron (小兒論), and Sangseo (尙書). He was also involved in the compilation of textbooks used for teaching Manchu to Koreans, and served as an interpreter for Korean prisoners of war captured by Qing forces during the second Manchu invasion of Korea.
# Blanche Winogron

Blanche Winogron (May 8, 1911 – November 22, 2002) was an American harpsichordist, pianist, virginalist, and teacher.
She taught at the Mannes College of Music from 1961 to 1969, and the New England Conservatory of Music from 1968 to 1977. Her students included Peter Sykes and Wendy Redlinger. She was a member of New York Pro Musica and the Rococo Ensemble, and a founding member of the Consort of Players.
She was married to American music scholar and librarian Sydney Beck; they had a son, Michael Beck.

## Discography

* Farnaby: Canzonets and Virginals Music. EMS 5 (1953)
* Adriano Banchieri: Festino. Esoteric ES-516 (1953)
* An Elizabethan Songbag for Young People. Esoteric ESJ-6 (1954)
* Children's Songs of Shakespeare's Time. Counterpoint / Esoteric CPT 540 (1957)
* Thomas Morley: Elizabethan Madrigals, Canzonets and Ballets. Counterpoint CPT-520 (1966)
* Fitzwilliam Virginal Book (selections). Dover HCR-ST-7015 (stereo) (1966)
# Kandil

Kandil (from Arabic: قنديل, romanized: qindīl) refers to five Islamic holy nights, celebrated in Ottoman and Muslim Balkan communities, related to the life of the Islamic prophet Muhammad, when the minarets are illuminated and special prayers are made. It is a tradition dated back to the Ottoman Sultan Selim II of the 16th century, who with the support of the Shaykh al-Islām "Chief Jurisconsult" of the time, thought it was appropriate to light up the minarets on mosques for these blessed occasions.
Kandil is derived from Arabic qindīl "chandelier, candelabra", and refers to an oil lamp. Kandil nights play a less significant role than the Bayram festivals.
In Turkey, Kandil simidi, a special smaller form of simit is commonly sold on Kandil days.

## The five Kandil nights

* Mevlid Kandili (Mawlid): The birth of Muhammad,
* Regaip Kandili (Laylat al-Raghaib): God's mercy, donations and aid are distributed on this night,
* Miraç Kandili (Isra' and Mi'raj): Muhammad's ascent to heaven,
* Berat Kandili (Mid-Sha'ban): Forgiveness of sins and determining of destiny for the next year,
* Kadir Gecesi (Night of Power): First revelation of the Quran to Muhammad.
# DJ Blass

Vladimir Félix (born December 1, 1978), known professionally as DJ Blass, is a Puerto Rican record producer. He has worked with renowned reggaeton artists such as Daddy Yankee, Nicky Jam, Speedy, Plan B and Wisin & Yandel. DJ Blass is a founding member of the Reggaeton Group @ria 51 whom created the style of music known as "Perreo" via their Reggaeton Sex productions.. DJ Blass is considered a pioneer in the development of the modern Reggaeton sound. He is noted for being among the first in bringing new fusions for the Reggaeton genre including influences from Electronic Music, Hip Hop, Dancehall Reggae and R&B. DJ Blass has produced renowned songs such as "Sientelo" by Lumidee & Speedy, "Latigazo" by Daddy Yankee, "Reggaeton" by J Balvin, "No Te Veo" by Casa De Leones, "Loco" from Jowell & Randy, "Dembow" by Yandel, "El Amor Con La Ropa" by Speedy and many others.

## Awards and nominations

List of awards and nominations received by DJ Blass :
| Ceremony | Year | Recipient | Category | Result | Ref. |
| Latin Grammy Awards | 2011 | "Te robaste mi corazón" (as producer) | Best Alternative Song | Nominated | |

## Discography
### Albums
#### Studio albums

List of studio albums, with selected details, and chart positions :
| Title | Details | Peaks |
| Title | Details | US Tropical |
| Sandunguero | Released: September 18, 2001 Label: Pina Records Format: CD | 10 |
| Sandunguero 2 | Released: August 2, 2004 Label: Pina Format: CD | — |
| Lágrimas y risas | Released: 2004 Label: NJ Productions Format: CD | — |
| Nuevas criaturas (with Rey Pirin [es]) | Released: August 24, 2004 Label: MARR Format: CD | — |

#### Studio albums w/ @ria 51

List of studio albums, with selected details, and chart positions :
| Title | Details | Peaks |
| Title | Details | US Tropical |
| @RIA 51 Aliados Al Escuadron | Released: 1999 Label: One Star Format: CD | — |
| Reggaeton Sex Vol. II | Released: 2000 Label: One Star Format: CD | — |
| Reggaeton Sex Vol. 3 | Released: 2001 Label: One Star Format: CD | — |
| Triple Sexxx | Released: 2001 Label: One Star Format: CD | — |
| Reggaeton Sex Crew | Released: 2002 Label: One Star Format: CD | |

#### Compilation albums

List of compilation albums, with selected details :
| Title | Details |
| Sandunguero hits | Released: March 8, 2005 Label: Universal Latino, New Records Entertainment Format: CD, digital download, streaming |
# Municipality of Gornji Petrovci

The Municipality of Gornji Petrovci (pronounced; Slovene: Občina Gornji Petrovci) is a municipality in Slovenia. The seat of the municipality is the town of Gornji Petrovci. The municipality was established in its current form on 3 October 1994, when the former larger Municipality of Murska Sobota was subdivided into nine smaller municipalities.
The municipality includes 14 villages, represented in the municipal coat of arms by fourteen simplified blue houses. The shield also includes a heraldic otter holding a golden fish. The municipal holiday is 18 August, chosen as the anniversary of the crash landing of a stratospheric balloon with the Belgian pioneering balloonists Max Cosyns and Nérée van der Elst in 1934.
The majority of the population of the municipality are Lutherans, making the Municipality of Gornji Petrovci one of the very few Slovenian municipalities with a non-Catholic majority.

## Settlements

In addition to the municipal seat of Gornji Petrovci, the municipality also includes the following settlements:
* Adrijanci
* Boreča
* Košarovci
* Križevci
* Kukeč
* Lucova
* Martinje
* Neradnovci
* Panovci
* Peskovci
* Stanjevci
* Šulinci
* Ženavlje
# Sergei Tsenin

Sergei Sergeyevich Tsenin (Russian: Сергей Сергеевич Ценин) was a Soviet and Russian actor and director. Honored Artist of the RSFSR (1935).

## Selected filmography

* 1930 — St. Jorgen's Day
* 1936 — Party Membership Card
* 1937 — Lenin in October
* 1939 — Squadron No. 5
* 1945 — Fifteen-Year-Old Captain
* 1946 — Cruiser 'Varyag'
* 1947 — Light over Russia
* 1948 — Michurin
* 1949 — Encounter at the Elbe
* 1951 — Przhevalsky
* 1951 — Sporting Honour
* 1957 — A Lesson in History