OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Earthquake simulation

Earthquake simulation applies a real or simulated vibrational input to a structure that possesses the essential features of a real seismic event. Earthquake simulations are generally performed to study the effects of earthquakes on man-made engineered structures, or on natural features which may present a hazard during an earthquake.
Dynamic experiments on building and non-building structures may be physical – as with shake-table testing – or virtual (based on computer simulation). In all cases, to verify a structure's expected seismic performance, researchers prefer to deal with so called 'real time-histories' though the last cannot be 'real' for a hypothetical earthquake specified by either a building code or by some particular research requirements.

## Shake-table testing

Studying a building's response to an earthquake is performed by putting a model of the structure on a shake-table that simulates the seismic loading. The earliest such experiments were performed more than a century ago.

## Computational approaches

Another way is to evaluate the earthquake performance analytically. The very first earthquake simulations were performed by statically applying some horizontal inertia forces, based on scaled peak ground accelerations, to a mathematical model of a building. With the further development of computational technologies, static approaches began to give way to dynamic ones.
Traditionally, numerical simulation and physical tests have been uncoupled and performed separately. So-called hybrid testing systems employ rapid, parallel analyses using both physical and computational tests.
# Dewsbury (disambiguation)

Dewsbury is a market town within the Metropolitan Borough of Kirklees, in West Yorkshire, England.
Dewsbury may also refer to:

## People with the surname

* Al Dewsbury (1926-2006), Canadian ice hockey player
* Donald Dewsbury (born 1939), American psychologist
* Kiernan Dewsbury-Hall (born 1998), English football player
* Ralph Dewsbury (1882-1921), British film director
* William Dewsbury (c. 1621–1688), English Quaker minister
# Kuchurhan, Velyka Mykhailivka settlement hromada, Rozdilna Raion, Odesa Oblast

Kuchurhan (Ukrainian: Кучурган; Romanian: Cuciurgan) is a village in Rozdilna Raion, Odesa Oblast, Ukraine. It belongs to Velyka Mykhailivka settlement hromada, one of the hromadas of Ukraine.

## History

Kuchurhan was founded in 1815. In 1945, by the Decree of the PVS of the Ukrainian SSR, Lyakhy was renamed Pridorozhnyi, which in turn was renamed Kuchurhan.
Until 18 July 2020, Kuchurhan was located in Velyka Mykhailivka Raion. The raion was abolished in July 2020 as part of the administrative reform of Ukraine, which reduced the number of raions of Odesa Oblast to seven. The area of Velyka Mykhailivka Raion was merged into Rozdilna Raion.

## Demographics

According to the 1989 Soviet census, the population of Kuchurhan was 92 people, of whom 36 were men and 52 women.
According to the 2001 Ukrainian census, 92 people lived in the village.

### Languages

According to the 2001 census, the primary languages of the inhabitants of Kuchurhan were:
| Language | Percentage |
| Ukrainian | 78.02 % |
| Moldovan (Romanian) | 5.49 % |
# Braniștea

Braniştea is a Romanian place-name of Slavic origin with the general meaning of "the protected place", such as a royal property, a forest, etc. It may refer to:
* Braniștea, Bistrița-Năsăud, a commune in Bistrița-Năsăud County
* Braniștea, Dâmbovița, a commune in Dâmbovița County
* Braniștea, Galați, a commune in Galați County
* Braniștea, Mehedinți, a commune in Mehedinți County
* Braniştea, a village in Uda, Argeș
* Braniştea, a village in Nicorești Commune, Galați County
* Braniştea, a village in Oinacu Commune, Giurgiu County
* Braniştea, a village in Fundu Moldovei Commune, Suceava County
# Josh Lovelace

Josh Lovelace is a singer, songwriter and musician best known as the keyboardist for the rock band Needtobreathe. In 2017, he made his solo debut with his family-album Young Folk. In 2024, he released his first non-children's solo record Shelters.

## Career
### Needtobreathe

In 2011, Lovelace began playing keys with Needtobreathe. Since then he's toured with the band and played on the albums The Reckoning, Rivers in the Wasteland, Hard Love, Out of Body, Into the Mystery, and Caves.

### Young Folk

In November 2017, Josh Lovelace released his solo family album Young Folk. Young Folk is the result of a lifelong passion for children's music, which inspired Josh to become a professional musician. Prior to recording, Lovelace became good friends with members of the group Sharon, Lois & Bram, and he considers them mentors. Sharon Hampson and Bram Morrison sing on Young Folk's "Sing a Song For Me". In addition to Sharon Hampson and Bram Morrison, Young Folk features guest appearances by Spirit Family Reunion, Ben Rector and Ellie Holcomb.
He followed up the album with two additional releases for families. Growing Up released in 2019 and Moonwalking released in 2022.

### Shelters

Lovelace released Shelters, his first solo record outside of children's music on October 27, 2024.

## Discography
### With Needtobreathe

* The Reckoning (2011)
* Rivers in the Wasteland (2014)
* Hard Love (2016)
* Out of Body (2020)
* Into the Mystery (2021)
* Caves (2023)

### As Young Folk

* Young Folk (2017)
* Growing Up (2019)
* Moonwalking (2022)

### As solo artist

* Shelters (2024)
# Just Kids

Just Kids is a memoir by Patti Smith, published on January 19, 2010, documenting her relationship with artist Robert Mapplethorpe.
"I didn't write it to be cathartic," she noted. "I wrote it because Robert asked me to… Our relationship was such that I knew what he would want and the quality of what he deserved. So that was my agenda for writing that book. I wrote it to fulfill my vow to him, which was on his deathbed. In finishing, I did feel that I'd fulfilled my promise."

## Critical reception

On Book Marks, the book received a "rave" consensus, based on twelve critic reviews: nine "rave", two "positive", and one "mixed". The book received an 83% from The Lit Review based on twenty-three critic reviews and the consensus of the reviews being, "A memoir-slash-love letter to Robert Mapplethorpe, Smith has created lyrical and intimate prose. One of Oprah’s Books to Watch (February 2010)". The BookScore assessed it at an aggregated critic score of 8.8/10 based on an accumulation of British and American press reviews.
Just Kids won the 2010 National Book Award for Nonfiction. It was Publishers Weekly's Top 10 Best Books (2010), ALA Notable Book (2011), Los Angeles Times Book Prize finalist (Current Interest, 2010), New York Times bestseller (Nonfiction, 2010), and National Book Critics Circle Award finalist (Autobiography/Memoir, 2010).
Just Kids was featured on the January 19, 2010, episode of Fresh Air, with Smith being interviewed by Terry Gross. Just Kids was also featured on KQED's Forum with Michael Krasny on January 28, 2010, and KCRW's Bookworm with host Michael Silverblatt in March 2010. It was the Book of the Week on BBC Radio 4 from 1–5 March 2010, with Smith reading five 15-minute excerpts from her book.

## Television series

In August 2015, it was announced that Showtime was developing a limited series based on the memoir. The network landed the rights partly because Smith wanted to collaborate with writer John Logan, being a fan of his series Penny Dreadful. However, the show has not yet been put in the works.
# Chishma-Burayevo

Chishma-Burayevo (Russian: Чишма-Бураево; Bashkir: Шишмә-Борай, Şişmä-Boray) is a rural locality (a village) in Tazlarovsky Selsoviet, Burayevsky District, Bashkortostan, Russia. The population was 140 as of 2010. There are seven streets.

## Geography

Chishma-Burayevo is located 17 km northeast of Burayevo (the district's administrative centre) by road. Novotazlarovo is the nearest rural locality.
# Verdial

Verdial is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
# Purva, Iran

Purva (Persian: پوروا, also Romanized as Pūrvā and Pūravā; also known as Pūrā) is a village in Zarem Rud Rural District, Hezarjarib District, Neka County, Mazandaran Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 415, in 114 families.
# Krasnoznamenka

Krasnoznamenka (Russian: Краснознаменка) is a rural locality (a selo) in and the administrative center of Krasnoznamensky Selsoviet, Kuryinsky District, Altai Krai, Russia. The population was 904 as of 2013. There are 14 streets.

## Geography

Krasnoznamenka is located 13 km north of Kurya (the district's administrative centre) by road. Novoznamenka is the nearest rural locality.
# Moma Range

The Moma Range (Russian: Момский хребет, Momsky Khrebet; Yakut: Муома сиһэ) is a range of mountains in far North-eastern Russia. Administratively the range is part of the Sakha Republic of the Russian Federation. The nearest town is Khonuu, served by Moma Airport.

## Etymology

The name originated in the Evenki language, where "мома" means wood, timber or tree.

## Geography

The Moma Range extends from NW to SE for almost 500 kilometres (310 mi) southeast of the southern end of the Selennyakh Range and north of the Ulakhan-Chistay Range, the highest subrange of the Chersky Range system. It is parallel to the latter and separated from it by a wide intermontane basin, where the Moma River flows from the southeast and joins the Indigirka. Turning northwards, the Indigirka River cuts deeply across the range in its northwestern part. The Aby Lowland, part of the Yana-Indigirka Lowland, lies to the north and the Alazeya Plateau to the east.
The highest point of the Moma Range is an unnamed 2,533 metres (8,310 ft) high peak located very near the Arctic Circle. Rivers Badyarikha, a tributary of the Indigirka, and Ozhogina, a tributary of the Kolyma, flow from the northern slopes of the Moma Range.
In some works the Moma Range is included in the Chersky mountain system.
# Maria Rudenko

Maria Avksentievna Rudenko (Ukrainian: Марія Авксентіївна Руденко; 14 February 1915 - 14 May 2003) was a Ukrainian artist, folklorist, and ethnographer. Honored Cultural Worker of Ukraine (1973).

## Early life and education

Maria Avksentiivna Rudenko was born on 14 February 1915, in the village of Sloboda-Yarishivska [uk], Mohyliv-Podilskyi Raion, Vinnytsia Oblast, in what was then the Russian Empire.
Rudenko's creative personality was formed in her family. Mother, Hanna, father, Avksentiy, and aunt Maria sang in the village choir from a young age, directed by Hryhoriy Hrynevych, a student of Mykola Leontovich.
Rudenko graduated from a seven-year school in the village of Yaryshiv. Later she finished teaching courses in Mohyliv-Podilskyi and taught part-time at Tulchyn Pedagogical School.
In 1948 she graduated from Vinnytsia Pedagogical Institute. Rudenko taught in the villages of Transnistria.

## Work

For a long time, Rudenko managed the children's folklore ensemble "Sonechko" in her native village. For over 30 years, she directed the folklore and ethnographic ensemble "Horlytsia" in the Sloboda-Yarishivska village. She was a master of needlework, embroidery, decorative painting, as well as a local historian, ethnographer, and folklorist.
Maria Rudenko was the first to revive vytynankas, a type of Ukrainian folk decorative art. She learned to make vytynankas from her grandmother Odarka. Her works marked the beginning of a unique collection of modern carvings in the State Museum of Ethnography of the Peoples of the former Soviet Union.
Rudenko participated in international exhibitions in Chelyabinsk, Kharkiv, Lviv, and other cities. She was awarded various diplomas. Her works are included in the expositions of the Decorative Museum of Ethnography in Saint Petersburg (Russia) and the Museum of Folk Architecture and Life of Ukraine in the village of Pyrohiv, where she demonstrated her carvings and painted the house. Rudenko collected folk songs, riddles, proverbs, fairy tales, legends, omens, and rituals throughout her life. For the first time, the world saw her creative works in 1949, when the regional publishing house published a book containing her songs along with the works of Hnat Tantsyura, Ivan Glynskyi, and Evhen Horb.
Maria Rudenko died on 14 May 2003.

## Commemoration

A small planet discovered by a Crimean astronomer Nikolai Chernykh was named "Horlytsia" in honor of the ethnographic ensemble directed by Maria Rudenko.
In 1993, the All-Ukrainian Vytynanka holiday was started in Mogilev-Podilskyi. In 2003, the ethnography and folk art museum was named after Maria Rudenko, where her creative heritage is preserved.
In 2005, the 3rd All-Ukrainian folk art festival, "Ukrainian Vytynanka," was held, dedicated to the 90th anniversary of the birth of the folk craftswoman.
# Abdelfattah Kilito

Abdelfattah Kilito (Arabic: عبد الفتاح كيليطو; born 10 April 1945, in Rabat) is a Moroccan literary scholar and writer. He is the author of several books in Arabic and in French. He has also written articles for magazines such as Poétique and Studia Islamica. Some of the awards Kilito has won are the Great Moroccan Award (1989), the Atlas Award (1996), the French Academy Award (le prix du Rayonnement de la langue française) (1996) and Sultan Al Owais Prize for Criticism and Literature Studies (2006).

## Life

Kilito was born in 1945 in Rabat, Morocco. He was raised in the medina of Rabat. Apart from his native Moroccan Arabic, Kilito learned French from the age of six. He also studied German and was trained as a scholar of classical Arabic literature in the Faculty of Literature at the Mohammed V University, where he later became professor.
# State Counsellor of Kazakhstan

The State Counsellor of the Republic of Kazakhstan (Kazakh: Қазақстан Республикасының Мемлекеттік кеңесшісі; Russian: Государственный Советник Республики Казахстан), formerly the State Secretary of Kazakhstan (Kazakh: Қазақстан Республикасының Мемлекеттік хатшысы; Russian: Государственный Секретарь Республики Казахстан) is an appointed post under the direct supervision of the president of Kazakhstan.
The state counsellor develops proposals for the president on domestic and foreign policy and coordinates activities on social and cultural issues.

## List of state secretaries

| No. | State Secretary | Term of office | Term of office | President |
| 1. | Akhmetzhan Yessimov | 4 March 1996 | 24 October 1996 | Nursultan Nazarbayev |
| 2. | Abish Kekilbayev | 30 October 1996 | 29 January 2002 | Nursultan Nazarbayev |
| 3. | Kassym-Jomart Tokayev | 29 January 2002 | 13 June 2003 | Nursultan Nazarbayev |
| 4. | Imangali Tasmagambetov | 13 June 2003 | 9 March 2004 | Nursultan Nazarbayev |
| 5. | Oralbay Abdykarimov | 10 March 2004 | 15 May 2007 | Nursultan Nazarbayev |
| 6. | Kanat Saudabayev | 15 May 2007 | 23 January 2012 | Nursultan Nazarbayev |
| 7. | Mukhtar Kul-Mukhammed | 23 January 2012 | 16 January 2013 | Nursultan Nazarbayev |
| 8. | Marat Tazhin | 16 January 2013 | 21 January 2014 | Nursultan Nazarbayev |
| Acting | Karim Massimov | 21 January 2014 | 2 April 2014 | Nursultan Nazarbayev |
| 9. | Adilbek Zhakysbekov | 2 April 2014 | 22 October 2014 | Nursultan Nazarbayev |
| 10. | Nurlan Nigmatullin | 22 October 2014 | 11 November 2014 | Nursultan Nazarbayev |
| 11. | Gulshara Abdykhalikova | 11 November 2014 | 25 February 2019 | Nursultan Nazarbayev |
| 12. | Bakhytzhan Sagintayev | 1 March 2019 | 24 March 2019 | Nursultan Nazarbayev |
| 12. | Bakhytzhan Sagintayev | 1 March 2019 | 24 March 2019 | Kassym-Jomart Tokayev |
| 13. | Marat Tazhin | 24 March 2019 | 18 September 2019 | Kassym-Jomart Tokayev |
| 14. | Krymbek Kusherbayev | 18 September 2019 | 12 January 2022 | Kassym-Jomart Tokayev |
| 15. | Erlan Karin | 5 January 2022 | Incumbent | Kassym-Jomart Tokayev |
# Thomas Hahót

Thomas from the kindred Hahót (Hungarian: Hahót nembeli Tamás; fl. 1227 – died 1256) was a Hungarian prelate, who served as the Archbishop of Kalocsa from 1254 to 1256.

## Biography

Thomas was born into the Buzád branch of the gens Hahót as the son of Buzád III Hahót and Eve Atyusz. His grandfathers were Buzád II Hahót, a notable baron and later Dominican martyr of the Christian Church, and Sal Atyusz, who held the position of ispán of Karakó ispánate in 1205. Thomas had three siblings: Sal, a clergyman, Atyusz, who governed several counties since the 1270s and was head of the household of Queen Mother Tomasina Morosini for a time, and an unidentified sister, who married local nobleman Ant Lőrinte from Zala County.
Thomas was first mentioned in 1227 by a contemporary document, when he inherited the estate of Bersen from his maternal grandfather, Sal Atyusz. He entered ecclesiastical service. In 1243, he was mentioned as provost of Buda. In this capacity, he filed a lawsuit against the burghers of Buda who declined to recognize his judicial authority. King Béla IV of Hungary ruled in favor of Thomas. From 1252 to 1254, he served as vice-chancellor in the royal court, in addition to his church office of provost-elect of Fehérvár.
Benedict, the Archbishop of Kalocsa elevated to the position of Archbishop of Esztergom in April 1254, was confirmed by Pope Innocent IV. The archiepiscopal see in Kalocsa remained vacant for the upcoming months. In the second half of 1254, Thomas Hahót was elected as Archbishop of Kalocsa, proving by a letter from Innocent's successor, Pope Alexander IV, dated 12 February 1255. According to this, the Pope urged the canons of archdiocese, Lawrence of Kalocsa and Nicholas of Bács, to finance retrospectively the electoral process of Archbishop Thomas with borrowing 150 denari. His brother Sal functioned as lector at the Bács Cathedral (today in Bač, Serbia), the second seat of the archbishopric during his term. However, Thomas soon died in late 1256. Smaragd succeeded him in the next year.
# Suleyman Vazirov

Suleyman Vazirov (Azerbaijani: Süleyman Azad oğlu Vəzirov, Russian: Сулейман Азадович Везиров) — Soviet statesman of Azerbaijani origin, organizer of the oil industry in Azerbaijan SSR, first Minister of Oil Industry in the republic from 1954 to 1959.

## Biography

Suleyman Vazirov was born in 1910 in Shusha to Vazirov family. His father, Azad bey Vazirov, received military training in St. Petersburg and was a rittmeister, and her mother, Zahra khanum, was the daughter of the famous doctor of his time, Karim bey Mehmandarov. Suleyman Vazirov studied at the Shusha Real School, then entered the Baku Industrial and Economic College. In addition to studying at the technical school, he was also working as a cinema mechanic's assistant. After graduating from technical school, he began working in Bibi-Heybat oil rig.
In 1928, he entered the mining faculty of Azerbaijan Technical University, which he graduated in 1932. He served as head of the Main Directorate for Oil Production in the Southern and Western Regions of the USSR MNP (1946-1949), Minister of the Oil Industry (1954-1959), Chairman of the National Economy Council (1959-1965), Deputy Chairman of the Council of Ministers (1965-1970), Deputy Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the Azerbaijan SSR (1970-1973).
Besides that he was an elected a member of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Azerbaijan and the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Turkmenistan. He served as deputy of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of the 3rd, 5th and 6th convocations (in 1950-1954 and 1958-1966), the Azerbaijan SSR of the 4th, 7th and 8th convocations (in 1955-1959 and since 1967) ...
He died on February 7, 1973, after a long illness. He was buried in Baku on the Alley of Honor.

## Family

He was married to Valida Vazirova (1920-2012), daughter of Rashid bey Akhundzadeh, Governor of Baku in 1919 during Azerbaijan Democratic Republic. Together they had:
* Shamil Vazirov (1942-2001) - Doctor of Chemical Sciences, Professor
* Murad Vazirov (1947-1996)
* Rauf Vazirov - married to Fidan Rzayeva, daughter of Rasul Rza and Nigar Rafibeyli in 1968

## Awards

* Hero of Socialist Labor (24 January 1944)
* Order of Lenin (27.4.1940; 24.1.1944; 8.1.1948; 19.3.1959 - four times)
* Order of the Red Banner of Labor (6/6/1942; 1/28/1950; 5/15/1951; 12/10/1960; 5/23/1966; 8/25/1971 - six times)
* Stalin Prize of the third degree (1951) - for the discovery and development of a new oil field
* Medal "For Valiant Labour in the Great Patriotic War 1941–1945"
* Jubilee Medal "In Commemoration of the 100th Anniversary of the Birth of Vladimir Ilyich Lenin"
# Jon Sivewright

Jon Sivewright (born 22 May 1965) is an Australian actor. He is best known for portraying Tony Holden in Home and Away, a role he played from 2005 to 2010

## Biography

Before becoming an actor he worked as a miner and spent 12 years as a fireman. He moved to live in Sydney in 2003 and was accepted into the Actors' Centre in Surry Hills, Sydney where he completed the two-and-a-half-year junior course.
His first television acting job was playing Strike Team Firie in an episode of Fireflies entitled "Fighting Fire with Fire" which aired in 2004. He made a number of other minor television appearances before securing a role in Home and Away.

### Home and Away

In August 2005 Jon secured his first regular TV role playing Tony Holden in the long running Australian soap opera Home and Away. He plays the father of Lucas Holden and Jack Holden. Since arriving in the bay he has been romantically linked with Beth Hunter. But when Beth died he paired up with, and still is with, Rachel Armstrong, a doctor. It was announced he will be leaving in 2010 after five years of playing the character Tony Holden in Home and Away.

## Filmography
### Films

| Year | Film | Role | Notes |
| 2005 | Little Fish | Footy fan | |
| 2009 | Scent (short film) | Michael | Lead role |
| 2009 | Burden | James Cutler | Lead role |
| 2011 | Scent | Michael | Short |

### Television

| Year | Title | Role | Notes |
| 2004 | Fireflies | Strike Team Firie | Fighting Fire with Fire (1 episode) |
| 2005 | All Saints | Detective Harris | Time Bomb (1 episode) |
| 2005–2010 | Home and Away | Tony Holden | Series regular |
| 2016 | Cleverman | CA Checkpoint Guard | 1 episode |
| 2016 | Brock | Mick Hone | 1 episode |
| 2019 | Drop Dead Weird | Uncle Peter | 1 episode |
| 2023 | Last King of the Cross | Barman | 1 episode |
| 2023 | Ten Pound Poms (TV series) | Keith Buddin | 1 episode |
# Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication

Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication is French for Ministry of Culture and Communication
It may refer to: (as a native name)
* Ministry of Culture (France), formerly known as the Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication
* Ministry of Culture and Communications (Quebec), Canada; (French: Ministère de la Culture et des Communications)
* Ministry of Culture (Ontario), Canada; formerly Ministry of Culture and Communications (French: Ministère de la Culture et des Communications)
# Vladimir Istomin

Vladimir Ivanovich Istomin (Russian: Владимир Иванович Истомин; 21 February [O.S. 9] 1810 – 19 March [O.S. 7] 1855) was a Russian rear admiral (1853) and hero of the Siege of Sevastopol.

## Biography

In 1827, Vladimir Istomin graduated from the Naval College. That same year, he then took part in the Battle of Navarino and later in the blockade of the Dardanelles (1828-1829). In 1836, Istomin was transferred from the Baltic Fleet to the Black Sea Fleet. In 1850, he was appointed commander of the ship of the line Parizh (Париж), which would participate in the Battle of Sinop in 1853.
During the Siege of Sevastopol, Vladimir Istomin was in charge of the defense of the Malakhov Mound (Малахов курган) and nearby redoubts, setting an example of bravery and tenacity. He was killed by a cannonball on the Kamchatka redoubt on March 7, 1855. Istomin was buried in the Admirals' Burial Vault in Sevastopol.

## Legacy

A bust portraying Russian admirals and sailors from the Crimean War, including Vladimir Istomin, was erected at Sevastopol Park after renovations in 2008.