OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Dhṛṭaka

Dhṛṭaka or Dhītika (提多迦) was a Buddhist monk from Magadha. He is recognized as the fifth Indian patriarch in Chan Buddhism as recorded in the Record of the Dharma-Jewel throughout Successive Generations (歴代法寶記). His teacher was Upagupta.

## Life

Dhṛṭaka was the son of a wealthy brahmin. After ordaining as a Buddhist monk, he traveled to Mathura where he trained under Upagupta. Under his teacher's guidance, Dhṛṭaka received the sevenfold instructions and achieved arhatship.
According to tradition, Dhṛṭaka proselytized extensively, successfully introducing Buddhism to the Tokharians in central Asia. In the lineage of Chan Buddhism, he traveled to Madhyadeśa, where he converted Micchaka and his 8,000 disciples to Buddhism.
# Maraveh Tappeh Rural District

Maraveh Tappeh Rural District (Persian: دهستان مراوه تپه) is in the Central District of Maraveh Tappeh County, Golestan province, Iran. Its capital is the village of Suzesh. The rural district was previously administered from the city of Maraveh Tappeh.

## Demographics
### Population

At the time of the 2006 National Census, the rural district's population (as a part of the former Maraveh Tappeh District of Kalaleh County) was 23,766 in 4,604 households. There were 12,212 inhabitants in 2,686 households at the following census of 2011, by which time the district had been separated from the county in the establishment of Maraveh Tappeh County. The rural district was transferred to the new Central District. The 2016 census measured the population of the rural district as 13,302 in 3,575 households. The most populous of its 32 villages was Aq Taqeh-ye Jadid, with 1,702 people.
# Irek, Belebeyevsky District, Republic of Bashkortostan

Irek (Russian: Ирек; Bashkir: Ирек, İrek) is a rural locality (a village) in Tuzlukushevsky Selsoviet, Belebeyevsky District, Bashkortostan, Russia. The population was 86 as of 2010. There are 3 streets.

## Geography

Irek is located 20 km north of Belebey (the district's administrative centre) by road. Akkain is the nearest rural locality.
# Deh Now, Bam

Deh Now (Persian: دهنو, also Romanized as Deh-e Now) is a village in Howmeh Rural District, in the Central District of Bam County, Kerman Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 31, in 10 families.
# Frederic Alderson

Frederic Hodgson Rudd Alderson (27 June 1867 – 18 February 1925) was an English international rugby union threequarter who played club rugby for Cambridge University and Hartlepool Rovers. Alderson played international rugby for England and was an original member of invitational team, the Barbarians.

## Personal life

Alderson was born in Hartford in 1867 and educated in Durham, proceeding to Clare College, Cambridge in 1886. He received his BA in 1889 and that year took up the post of Assistant Master of Henry Smith School in Hartlepool. He became headmaster of the school in 1892, a position he would hold until his death in 1925.

## Rugby career

Alderson first came to note as a rugby player when he represented the Cambridge University team, winning a sporting Blue when he represented the team in the Varsity matches of 1887 and 1888. His Cambridge links served him well when William Percy Carpmael, a fellow Cambridge Blue, invited Alderson to join his newly formed invitational touring team, the Barbarians. In 1890 he became one of the original members of the Barbarians, and was part of the team that in 1891/92 toured the South West of England and Wales.
When Alderson moved to Hartlepool he joined local team Hartlepool Rovers, and it was while representing Rovers, that he was selected for his first international game for England; an encounter with Wales in the opening match of the 1891 Home Nations Championship. Alderson was given the captaincy on his debut game, an honour he would hold for all but the last of the six matches of his international career. He served his team well, leading them to a solid 7–3 victory over the Welsh away at Rodney Parade, and picked up his first international points when he converted two of the three tries scored by England. For the remainder of the Championship Alderson led England to a victory over Ireland, but a home loss to Scotland, the eventual Triple Crown winners of 1891.
The 1892 Championship saw England win all three matches making Alderson a Triple Crown captain, as he led the team for the opening game against Wales and the Championship decider away to Scotland. Alderson missed the Irish leg, the captaincy switching to Sammy Woods, but scored a try and a conversion against Wales and a conversion in the Scotland game. This was the third Triple Crown for England, and the first time a team had finished the season without conceding a single point. Alderson played one more international game, the opener of the 1893 Home Nations Championship, a narrow loss at the Cardiff Arms Park to Wales.
After retiring from playing rugby, Alderson continued his involvement with the sport when he became a referee. In 1903 he officiated his only international match, the 1893 Home Nations clash between Scotland and Ireland.
# Inter-American Conference on Problems of War and Peace

The Inter-American Conference on Problems of War and Peace informally known as the Chapultepec Conference, was held in Chapultepec Castle in Mexico City on February 21 to March 8, 1945, between the United States and 19 Latin American countries. Argentina was not invited because it had not declared war on the Axis Powers in World War II. The original goals were to discuss the status of Argentina, the role of the United Nations and postwar American economic aid. The second goal was postponed. There was agreement that Argentina could rejoin the inter-American community if it were to declare war on Nazi Germany. The Latin American countries feared that American commitment to the United Nations would in some ways be in conflict with the Pan-American ideals. Therefore, the conference adopted a formal resolution called the Act of Chapultepec which proclaimed the principle of collective self-defense through regional pacts. This policy was adopted by the United Nations and Article 51 of the UN charter, which authorized regional security arrangements. The provisions also provided the basis for the Rio Treaty of 1947, which was an inter-American collective security pact.
# Bastian Weiser

Sebastian Weiser (born 19 June 1990) is a German former footballer who played as a midfielder.

## Career

Weiser started playing football at the age of four. He joined the youth academy of Dutch side NEC Nijmegen at the age of thirteen. Weiser started his career with Dutch side NEC Nijmegen. He was described as "considered the greatest talent of his [age] group". On 10 April 2010, Weiser debuted for the club during a 0–0 draw with AZ Alkmaar. In 2010, he signed for Dutch side EHC Hoensbroek. Weiser was regarded as one of the club's most important players.

## Style of play

Weiser mainly operated as a central midfielder.

## Personal life

Weiser is a native of Kleve, Germany. He attended Johanna-Sebus-Gymnasium. Weiser obtained his high school diploma in 2009. He has been a supporter of German Bundesliga side Borussia Dortmund.
# Lologonitel

Lologonitel (Russian: Лологонитль; Avar: Лологъонилъ) is a rural locality (a selo) in Akhvakhsky District, Republic of Dagestan, Russia. The population was 1,457 as of 2010.

## Geography

Lologonitel is located on the Izanitlar River, 14 km south of Karata (the district's administrative centre) by road. Tad-Magitl is the nearest rural locality.
# Muhammad Gasim agha Javanshir

Muhammad Gasim agha Javanshir (Azerbaijani: Məhəmmədqasım ağa Sarıcalı-Cavanşir) was a statesman, colonel, son of the seventh Karabakh Khan Ibrahim Khalil Khan.

## Life

The son of Ibrahim Khalil Khan from the daughter of Allahyar bey Ungutlinsky. Muhammad Gasim agha Javanshir, although he was not with his father when he was killed by the rangers of Lieutenant Colonel Lisanevich, however, like his older brother Khanlar-aga, fled to Qajar Empire. He was able to return to Karabakh only in the autumn of 1807, already under the new commander-in-chief in Georgia, Count Gudovich (1806-1809), was forgiven and renewed his oath.
At the time of the abolition of the khan's power in December 1822, Muhammad Kasim-aga owned 12 villages and nomad camps, the hereditary rights to which were also left to him by the Russian government.
On December 24, 1823, “according to the testimony of the commander of a separate Caucasian Corps, General Yermolov, about his commitment to the Russian government and well-intentioned behavior,” Muhammad Gasim agha Javanshir was promoted to lieutenant colonel with the production of his salary of 600 rubles in silver per year. After his death, the payment of half of this pension was stopped, and the second half, on the basis of the highest order of October 28, 1843 and the order of the State Treasury Department to the Shemakha State Chamber of March 4, 1844, his heirs began to receive.

## Family

Muhammad Gasim agha Javanshir was married to Khadija Begum, the daughter of his uncle Mehrali bey Javanshir, and also to Husnu-Jahan-khanum. He had four sons: Najaf-Gulu agha, Pasha agha (c. 1820-?), Kerim agha (1826-1907), Gasim agha (c. 1834-?) and two daughters: Jahan Khanum and Bala Khanum.
# Kord Kandi, Tabriz

Kord Kandi (Persian: كردكندي, also Romanized as Kord Kandī; also known as Kordlar, Kūkandī, Kukendi, and Kukendy) is a village in Esperan Rural District, in the Central District of Tabriz County, East Azerbaijan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 43, in 11 families.
# Akhtaj

Akhtaj (Persian: اختاج, also Romanized as Ākhtāj; also known as Ākhtāch) is a village in Alishar Rural District, Kharqan District, Zarandieh County, Markazi Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 19, in 5 families.
# Podolsk Mechanical Plant

Podolsk Mechanical Plant (PMZ; Russian: Подольский механический завод, romanized: Podol'skiy Mekhanicheskiy Zavod) was a mechanical plant in Podolsk, Russia.

## History

The Podolsk factory was established in 1900 as Kompaniya Singer, the Russian branch of the Singer Corporation. It was the sole sewing machine factory in the Russian Empire, and by 1914 it employed over 5,000 workers.
The company was nationalized after the Russian Revolution, and it was renamed Zavod imeni Kalinina to commemorate a visit to the factory by Mikhail Kalinin.
The first motorcycles were built in the factory in February 1934. In 1935 they commenced series production of the PMZ-A-750 which had been design by Pyotr Mozharov at NATI, for the Soviet Army.
The factory was partially evacuated in Autumn 1941. In 1942, the plant was re-established as an ammunition manufacturing site. The production of sewing machines resumed in late 1945.
The company became Kontsern Podolsk in 1990 and was privatized in 1991. In August 1994 a controlling stake in the plant was sold to Semi-Tech. After the takeover by the Canadian company, thousands were fired, and the workforce dropped from 18,000 to 2,000 workers.
The factory was broken up into three entities: ZAO "Industrial Sewing Machines Plant", CJSC "Domestic Sewing Machines Plant" and CJSC "Foundry". By late 2003, the Industrial Sewing Machines Plant was practically liquidated and merged with the Domestic Sewing Machines Plant.
# Carsten Keller

Carsten Keller (born 8 September 1939) is a former field hockey player from West-Germany, who won a gold medal for his native country at the 1972 Summer Olympics in Munich. He played 133 international matches for Germany, and retired after the Munich Games. Keller then became a hockey coach.
Three of his children also played hockey at the highest level, and all were strikers. Andreas became Olympic champion in 1992 (Barcelona), after securing silver at the two previous Olympics in Los Angeles (1984) and Seoul (1988). Natascha competed in four Olympics, and also won a gold medal at the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens. Florian won a gold medal at the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing.
Carsten Keller's father Erwin grabbed a silver medal in the same sport at the 1936 Summer Olympics in Berlin.
# Hexafluoroisobutylene

Hexafluoroisobutylene is an organofluorine compound with the formula (CF$_3$)$_2$C=CH$_2$. This colorless gas is structurally similar to isobutylene. It is used as a comonomer in the production of modified polyvinylidene fluoride. It is produced in a multistep process starting with the reaction of acetic anhydride with hexafluoroacetone. It is oxidized by sodium hypochlorite to hexafluoroisobutylene oxide. As expected, it is a potent dienophile.
# Artem Harutyunyan (boxer)

Artem Harutyunyan (Armenian: Արտեմ Հարությունյան, born 13 August 1990) is an Armenian-born German professional boxer. As an amateur, Harutyunyan represented Germany at the 2016 Olympics, winning a bronze medal in the light-welterweight bracket.

## Professional career

Harutyunyan challenged and lost against Shakur Stevenson for his WBC lightweight title on July 6, 2024.

## Professional boxing record

| 14 fights | 12 wins | 2 losses |
| By knockout | 7 | 0 |
| By decision | 5 | 2 |
| No. | Result | Record | Opponent | Type | Round, time | Date | Location | Notes |
| 14 | Loss | 12–2 | Shakur Stevenson | UD | 12 | Jul 6, 2024 | Prudential Center, Newark, New Jersey, U.S. | For WBC lightweight title |
| 13 | Loss | 12–1 | Frank Martin | UD | 12 | Jul 15, 2023 | Cosmopolitan of Las Vegas, Las Vegas, Nevada, U.S. | |
| 12 | Win | 12–0 | Humberto Galindo | UD | 10 | 25 Jun 2022 | Universum Gym, Hamburg, Germany | Retained WBC International lightweight title |
| 11 | Win | 11–0 | Samuel Molina | KO | 5 (10), 2:31 | 25 Sep 2021 | Universum Gym, Hamburg, Germany | Won vacant WBC International lightweight title |
| 10 | Win | 10–0 | Vladyslav Melnyk | SD | 12 | 24 Apr 2021 | Universum Gym, Hamburg, Germany | Won vacant WBA International lightweight title |
| 9 | Win | 9–0 | Miguel Cesario Antin | RTD | 4 (10), 3:00 | 25 Jan 2020 | Work Your Champ Arena, Hamburg, Germany | Retained IBO International light-welterweight title |
| 8 | Win | 8–0 | Islam Dumanov | MD | 10 | 9 Nov 2019 | Kuppel, Hamburg, Germany | Won vacant IBO International light-welterweight title |
| 7 | Win | 7–0 | Hugo Alfredo Santillan | UD | 10 | 15 Jun 2019 | Work Your Champ Arena, Hamburg, Germany | Won vacant IBO Continental light-welterweight title |
| 6 | Win | 6–0 | Giorgi Bliadze | KO | 2 (6), 2:17 | 6 Apr 2019 | Ballhaus Forum, Bayern, Germany | |
| 5 | Win | 5–0 | Merab Turkadze | KO | 8 (10), 1:20 | 22 Sep 2018 | Work Your Champ Arena, Hamburg, Germany | Won vacant German International light-welterweight title |
| 4 | Win | 4–0 | Milos Janjanin | TKO | 2 (6), 1:09 | 26 May 2018 | Work Your Champ Arena, Hamburg, Germany | |
| 3 | Win | 3–0 | Ahmet Huric | TKO | 1 (4), 1:05 | 17 Mar 2018 | Altrheinhalle, Rastatt, Germany | |
| 2 | Win | 2–0 | David Vicanovic | TKO | 1 (4), 1:15 | 10 Feb 2018 | LEO's Boxgym, Munich, Germany | |
| 1 | Win | 1–0 | Avelino Vazquez | PTS | 6 | 25 Nov 2017 | Work Your Champ Arena, Hamburg, Germany | |
# Yemişdere, Çemişgezek

Yemişdere (Kurdish: Dewdirej) is a village in the Çemişgezek District, Tunceli Province, Turkey. The village is populated by Kurds of the Şikakî tribe and had a population of 210 in 2021.
The hamlet of Kuşlu is attached to the village.
# Hand signaling (open outcry)

Hand signaling, also known as arb or arbing (short for arbitrage), is a system of hand signals used on financial trading floors to communicate buy and sell information in an open outcry trading environment. The system is used at financial exchanges such as the Chicago Mercantile Exchange (CME) and the American Stock Exchange (AMEX). The AMEX is the only US stock market to permit the transmission of buy and sell orders through hand signals as of 2003.
Traders usually flash the signals quickly across a room to make a sale or a purchase. Signals that occur with palms facing out and hands away from the body are an indication the gesturer wishes to sell. When traders face their palms in and hold their hands up, they are gesturing to buy.
Numbers one through five are gestured on one hand with the fingers pointing directly upwards. To indicate six through ten, the hand is held sideways, parallel to the ground. Counting starts from six when the hand is held in this way. Numbers gestured from the forehead are blocks of ten; blocks of hundreds and thousands can be indicated by repeatedly touching the forehead with a closed fist. The signals can otherwise be used to indicate months, specific trade option combinations or additional market information.
Rules vary significantly among exchanges; however, the purpose of the gestures remains the same.
# List of counts van Bergh

This page is a list of counts van Bergh:

## House of Monte

* c. 1100-c. 1140: Constantinus de Monte
* c. 1140-c. 1190: Rabodo I
* c. 1190-c. 1220: Rabodo II
* c. 1220- 1260: Hendrik
* 1260-1290: Adam I
* 1290-1300: Frederik I
* 1300-1325: Adam II
* 1325-1340: Frederik II
* 1340-1360: Adam III
* 1360-1400: Willem I
* 1400-1416: Frederik III

## House of Van der Leck

* 1416-1441: Otto van der Leck
* 1441-1465: Willem II
* 1465-1506: Oswald I
* 1506-1511: Willem III
* 1511/24-546: Oswald II
* 1546-1586: Willem IV
* 1573-1638: Hendrik
* 1586-1611: Herman
* 1611-1656: Albert
* 1656-1712: Oswald III

## House of Hohenzollern-Bergh

* 1712-1737: Frans Willem
* 1737-1781: Johan Baptist, nicknamed "the Mad Count"
* 1781-1787: Johanna Josephina

## House of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen

* 1769-1785: Karel Frederik
* 1785-1831: Anton Aloysius
* 1831-1848: Karel
* 1848-1885: Karel Anton
* 1885-1905: Leopold
* 1905-1913: Willem
Willem sold the Huis Bergh in 1913 to Jan Herman van Heek.
# Parliamentary inquiry into natural gas extraction Groningen

The parliamentary inquiry into natural gas extraction Groningen (Dutch: Parlementaire enquête naar aardgaswinning Groningen) was a parliamentary inquiry by the Dutch House of Representatives between 2021 and 2023 and was investigating the natural gas extraction from the Groningen gas field and the problems that it caused. The goal of the inquiry was to gain insight into decision-making regarding natural gas extraction, earthquakes, damage handling and reinforcement of buildings.

## Background

Starting in the 1960's, the Netherlands allowed the extraction of natural gas in the Groningen gas field. In 1986, the first earthquake induced by a natural gas field (specifically Eleveld [nl]) occurred in the north of the Netherlands. In the next decades, the number of earthquakes increased, especially above the Groningen gas field. The earthquake near Huizinge in 2012 marked a turning point, after which the attention on the earthquakes increased. Starting in 2014, the gas extraction was increasingly limited.

### Motion

On 3 March 2015, the first motion was introduced in the Dutch House of Representatives proposing a parliamentary inquiry. Voting on this motion, filed by Esther Ouwehand (PvdD), was postponed and the motion was finally rejected in February 2017. Frank Wassenberg (PvdD) and Carla Dik-Faber (CU) also introduced a motion for an inquiry, but this attempt failed as well.
At the end of January 2019, voting would take place on a motion by Tom van der Lee (GL) en Henk Nijboer (PvdA), which again requested parliamentary inquiry. This was postponed on the request of coalition partners VVD, CDA, D66 and CU, who first wanted to discuss this within their parliamentary group. After discussions with these parties, Van der Lee changed the text of the motion. After these changes, the motion passed the House unanimously on 5 March 2019.

## Public hearings

Nearly seventy hearings had been held. These hearings took place from 27 June 2022 until 1 July 2022 and between 29 August 2022 en 14 October 2022. Among others, the following people were heard publicly:
* Annemarie Jorritsma (Minister of Economic Affairs from 1998 until 2002)
* Maxime Verhagen (Minister of Economic Affairs, Agriculture and Innovation from 2010 until 2012)
* Albert Rodenboog [nl] (mayor of Loppersum from 2003 until 2018)
* Max van den Berg (Queen's/King's commissioner in Groningen from 2007 until 2016)
* Jacques Wallage (Chair Dialogue table Groningen from 2014 until 2015)
* Gerald Schotman [nl] (CEO of Nederlandse Aardolie Maatschappij [nl] from 2014 until 2018)
* Dick Benschop (President-director of Shell Netherlands from 2011 until 2015)
* Jeroen Dijsselbloem (Minister of Finance from 2012 until 2017)
* Henk Kamp (Minister of Economic Affairs from 2012 until 2017)
* Liesbeth van Tongeren (GreenLeft Member of House of Representatives from 2010 until 2018)
* Jan Vos (Labour Party Member of House of Representatives from 2012 until 2017)
* René Leegte (People's Party for Freedom and Democracy Member of House of Representatives from 2010 until 2015)
* William Moorlag (Provincial executive Groningen from 2009 until 2015)
# Peter Dorn

Peter Dorn (born November 1931) is a German composer and classical pianist.

## Life

Dorn was born in Wroclaw, capital of Silesia. He attended the Thomasschule zu Leipzig. He studied piano with Gerhard Puchelt and Amadeus Webersinke at the Berlin University of the Arts and the University of Music and Theatre Leipzig. Until 1959, he worked as a pianist in West Germany. Cologne 1968, p. 125. He studied composition with Wilhelm Weismann in Leipzig and as a Meisterschüler [de] with Rudolf Wagner-Régeny at the Academy of Arts, Berlin (in East Berlin). He then worked at the Berlin Academy of Arts.
Dorn's violin sonatas are published by C. F. Peters Musikverlag in Leipzig. In 1968, he was awarded the Hanns Eisler Prize in Leipzig for his cantata In deiner Hand steht geschrieben die Zeit. The premiere was given by the MDR Leipzig Radio Symphony Orchestra and the Rundfunkchor Leipzig under the direction of Herbert Kegel. The music prize was awarded for the first time that year, together with the composers Ruth Zechlin and Gerhard Rosenfeld.
His Klaviermusik 1964 was once compared with Mussorgsky's composition Pictures at an Exhibition.

## Work

* Sonatine für Violine und Klavier.
* Sonate für Viola und Klavier
* Klaviermusik in 4 Suiten
* Rhapsodie für Violine und Klavier.
* In deiner Hand steht geschrieben die Zeit
* Divertimento.
# Tarek Abdallah

Tarek Abdallah is an Egyptian oud player, composer and musicologist who lives in France.

## Biography

Tarek Abdallah was born in Alexandria in 1975.
He had been attracted to the oud since his childhood, after having seen a comedian playing the instrument on TV, but due to the opposition of his family, he had to wait until he was 19 to touch one for the first time in his life.
Studying with the Alexandrian master Hazem Shaheen, he practiced 10 hours a day in order to enter The Arabic Oud House, an oud school created in Cairo by the Iraqi master Naseer Shamma. He graduated from there with an excellence award.
He lives in Marseille since 2001 and conducts musicology research at the Lumière University Lyon 2, about the notion of virtuosity in Egypt between 1904 and 1932. He analyses the evolution of the style, of the ornament and of the instrumental technique.
He has been invited in several Arabic countries in order to give master classes.
He released his first album, Wasla, with the percussion player Adel Shams El-Din, in 2015.

## Style

The album Wasla draws from music of the Nahda (Renaissance) era (1910 – 1930).
It is based on the waslah form, which is a musical suite in one mode with varying rhythms. But contrary to the music of the Nahda era, his music is purely instrumental.
Some of the rhythms used in the album are very complex, some of them were used only once in the tradition, some of hem were invented. The French magazine Les Inrockuptibles praised Abdalla's “sober and refined way of playing, with a naked and very pure melody, indifferent to frivolity, of irreproachable ethics“.