OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Academic dress of Imperial College London

Graduates and associates of Imperial College London wear its academic dress. After gaining its independence from the University of London in 2007, graduates began wearing Imperial academic dress in 2008. The unifying colour for Imperial's academic dress is purple after the work by William Henry Perkin.

## First degrees

All hoods for first degrees are black, part lined with white watered silk, with a narrow purple velvet band. Graduates are distinguished by the colour of the neckband, which denotes the faculty. No hat is worn.

## Postgraduates

Postgraduate masters students wear a black hood, fully lined with white watered silk, with a narrow purple velvet band. As with first degree recipients, the faculty is denoted by neckband colour and no hat is worn.

## Colours

The neckband colour is associated with the faculty in which the degree was taken, rather than the name of the degree.
Engineering - (BSc (Engineering), BEng, MEng, MSci, MSc and MRes) Silver Grey
Medicine - (MBBS, MSc, MEd, MRes and MPH) Scarlet
Science - (BSc, MSci, MSc, MRes) Saffron
Humanities - (MSc and MRes) Purple, bound white watered silk
Business - (MSc, MBA and MRes) Pink
PG certificate and diploma recipients wear black neckbands. MPhil graduates also wear black neckbands, but wear a hood that is fully lined with purple, with a narrow white band.

## Doctorates

Using the Groves classification system, PhD, DEng and MD graduates wear a Cambridge doctors [d1] shape gown of purple cloth, with front facings of white watered silk with a 1" purple velvet ribbon ½" from outside edges of facings. The sleeves are purple and held back with white twisted cords and buttons. The hood is purple, fully lined and bound around the gown with ½" white watered silk, and with a purple velvet ribbon ½" from the cowl edge. Research doctorate recipients wear a hat, which is a black velvet Tudor bonnet with purple cord and tassel.
Imperial DSc recipients wear a similar gown but with the sleeves lined with white watered silk and held back with purple twisted cords and buttons. Their hat is a purple velvet Tudor bonnet with white cord and tassel.
# Thompson Dharmaraj Daniel

Thompson Dharmaraj Daniel also known as T.T.Daniel was an Indian politician and former Member of the Legislative Assembly. He was elected to the Travancore-Cochin assembly as a Travancore Tamil Nadu Congress candidate from Colachel constituency in Kanyakumari district in 1954 election. This was the first ever election held in this constituency and it happened before Kanyakumari district merged with Tamil Nadu. Also he was elected to the Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly as an Indian National Congress candidate from Padmanabhapuram constituency in Kanyakumari district in 1957 election.
# Kocakent, Mazıdağı

Kocakent (Kurdish: Tezne) is a neighbourhood in the municipality and district of Mazıdağı, Mardin Province in Turkey. The village is populated by Kurds of the Dimilî tribe and had a population of 2,640 in 2021.
# Aran, Artuklu

Aran (Kurdish: Zonê) is a neighbourhood in the municipality and district of Artuklu, Mardin Province in Turkey. The village is populated by Kurds of the Surgucu tribe and had a population of 791 in 2021.
# Arun Nehru (Tamil Nadu politician)

Arun Nehru is an Indian politician and a member of the Lok Sabha from the Perambalur Lok Sabha constituency of Tamil Nadu. He is a member of the Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam.

## Political career

In the 2024 general election of India, Arun defeated Chandramohan N D of All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam by 389107 votes.
# Podolnica

Podolnica (pronounced) is a village east of Horjul in the Inner Carniola region of Slovenia.

## Church

The local church is built on a small hill west of the settlement and is dedicated to Saint Ulrich (Slovene: sveti Urh) and belongs to the Parish of Horjul. It originally had a defence wall around it to protect local people from Ottoman raids in the 15th century. The original church burnt down in the early 18th century and the current building was erected in 1751, using the stone from the redundant defence walls.
# Jamharat Ash'ar al-Arab

Jamharat Ash'ar al-Arab (Arabic: جمهرة أشعار العرب; The Gathering of the Arabs' Verses) is a pre-Islamic Arabic poetry anthology by Abu Zayd al-Qurashi [ar]. The date of publication is unknown, and al-Qurashi is supposed by various scholars to have lived in the 8th, 9th or 10th centuries. It contains seven sections, each containing seven qasidas.
The Jamharat Ash'ar al-Arab is one of five canonical primary sources of early Arabic poetry. The four others are Mu'allaqat, Hamasah, Mufaddaliyat and the Asma'iyyat.

## Sections

The first section consists of the seven Mu'allaqat. The anthology is the first source to use the name Mu'allaqat; earlier writers describe the poems simply as "the Seven." Al-Qurashi's choice of poems is somewhat idiosyncratic, as he includes Al-Nabigha and Al-A'sha among the seven and excludes Antarah ibn Shaddad and Al-Harith.
The second section is called "al-Mujamharat" ("the assembled"). It contains poems by Abid ibn al-Abras, Adi ibn Zayd, Bashar bin Abi Khazm al-Asadi [ar], Umayya bin Abi al-Salat [ar], Khadash bin Zuhair [ar], Al-Namar bin Tulab [ar], and Antarah ibn Shaddad.
The third section is "al-Muntuqayat", "the chosen". Represented poets include Abu Layla al-Muhalhel, Urwa ibn al-Ward, and Dorayd bin Al Soma.
The fourth section, "al-Mudhahhabat" ("the gilded ones") consists solely of poetry from the Banu Aws and Banu Khazraj tribes. It contains poems by Hassan ibn Thabit, Abdullah ibn Rawaha, and Amr ibn Imru al-Qays.
The fifth section contains elegies, and the sixth, "al-Mashubat", contains "testimonies of faith mingled with heresy". One of the Mashubat is by Ka'b ibn Zuhayr, famous for reciting the poem in question in front of Muhammad.
The final section, "al-Mulhamat", is ambiguous in meaning but probably means that the poems refer to bloody fights or struggles. Represented poets include Al-Farazdaq and Al-Akhtal al-Taghlibi.
# Abdul Nasser Al-Sayegh

Abdul Nasser Al-Sayegh (Arabic: عبد الناصر الصايغ; born 19 February 1959) is a Kuwaiti former épée and foil fencer. He competed at the 1976 and 1984 Summer Olympics, and had a record of 0-18.
# Saliceto, Piedmont

Saliceto (Piedmontese: Sarzèj) is a commune in the province of Cuneo, and the region of Piedmont, Italy, located about 80 kilometres (50 mi) southeast of Turin and about 50 kilometres (31 mi) east of Cuneo.
Saliceto borders the following municipalities: Cairo Montenotte, Camerana, Cengio, Gottasecca, and Montezemolo.
Historically Saliceto was a possession of the Del Carretto marquisses of Finale Ligure, who built here a castle in 1588. The castle was besieged in 1689 by Spanish troops.

## Twin towns

* Saliceto, France
# Sarısalkım, Baykan

Sarısalkım (Kurdish: Narê) is a village in the Baykan District of Siirt Province in Turkey. The village is populated by Kurds of the Babosî tribe and had a population of 432 in 2021.
# Tamandegan

تمندگان (Persian: Tamandegan, also Romanized as Tamandegān) is a village in Garkan-e Shomali Rural District, Pir Bakran District, Falavarjan County, Isfahan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 841, in 230 families.
# Kayaboğaz, Siirt

Kayaboğaz (Kurdish: Xêrtê) is a village in the Siirt District of Siirt Province in Turkey. The village is populated by Kurds of the Botikan tribe and had a population of 62 in 2021.
The hamlet of Tapınak is attached to the village.
# Batuka Bhairava

Batuka Bhairava (Sanskrit: बटुकभैरव, romanized: Baṭukabhairava) or Vatuka Bhairava is a fierce form of Shiva in Hindu iconography, associated with his manifestation of Bhairava. This form of Shiva is depicted as a fierce, nude youth, usually accompanied with a dog in the Tantric tradition.

## Iconography

In the Rupamandana, Batuka Bhairava is prescribed to be depicted with eight arms, in which six hold the khatvanga (club), the pasha (whip), the shula (spear), the damaru (drum), the kapala (skullcup), and a snake, with the other two carrying a piece of flesh and expressing the abhaya mudra. A dog is stated to be depicted nearby, the same shade as the deity.
The Sharadatilaka Tantra text prescribes various depictions of the deity according to their sattva, rajas, and tamas gunas.
# Ulutaş, Mazıdağı

Ulutaş (Kurdish: Hesena) is a neighbourhood in the municipality and district of Mazıdağı, Mardin Province in Turkey. The village is populated by Kurds of the Hesinan tribe and had a population of 574 in 2021.
# Viktor Suslin (rower)

Viktor Nikolaevich Suslin (Russian: Виктор Николаевич Суслин; born 19 July 1944) is a retired Russian rower who specialized in the eights. In this event he won bronze medals at the 1968 Summer Olympics and 1967 European Championships and a silver at the 1966 World Rowing Championships. His elder brother Yury is also a retired Olympic rower.
# Qullar, Agdam

39°59′01.2″N 46°57′33.0″E﻿ / ﻿39.983667°N 46.959167°E﻿ / 39.983667; 46.959167
Qullar (Gullar) is a village in the Agdam District of Azerbaijan.
# Yevgeni Shvoren

Yevgeni Sergeyevich Shvoren (Russian: Евгений Серге́евич Шворень; born 13 December 1982) is a former Russian professional football player.

## Club career

He played in the Russian Football National League for FC Dynamo Makhachkala in 2002. He made one appearance for PFC Spartak Nalchik on 20 September 2006 in a Russian Cup game against FC Sibir Novosibirsk.
# Sarıca, Eğil

Sarıca (Kurdish: Sariceg) is a neighbourhood in the municipality and district of Eğil, Diyarbakır Province in Turkey. It is populated by Kurds and had a population of 1,891 in 2022.
# Lissan-ul-Maghreb

Lissan-ul-Maghreb (Arabic: لِسَانُ المَغرِب) was a Moroccan arabophone newspaper established in Tangier in 1907. It was founded by two Lebanese brothers, Faraj-Allah Namor and Artur Namor. It famously printed the 1908 draft constitution [ar], as well as open letters to Abdelaziz and then Abd al-Hafid.

## History

Lissan-ul-Maghreb was founded in 1907 by two Lebanese brothers, Faraj-Allah Namor (فرج االله بن ســليم نمّور), a literary man born in Sidon in 1865, and his brother Artur Namor, a gifted journalist. They had traveled to Europe, Morocco, South America, Tripoli, Tunis, Paris, and London before arriving in Tangier January 1906 in search of work, hoping to establish an Arabic publication. The German consulate in Tangier was eager to found an arabophone publication to support German interests in Morocco, and from it the Namor brothers received the necessary support. They sourced all necessary furnishings from the Catholic Press in Beirut (المطبعة الكاثوليكية للآباء اليســوعيين في بيروت). The first issue of Lissan-ul-Maghreb was published February 8, 1907. It was an arabophone weekly newspaper consisting of four pages, with Faraj-Allah as the political director and Artus as the editor-in-chief.
With French encouragement, supporters of Abdelaziz founded as-Sabaah (الصباح) in Tangier in 1904. At the time of the Hafidiya (1907-1908), the fratricidal struggle between Abdelaziz and Abdelhafid for the Moroccan throne, the French arabophone newspaper Es-Saada supported Abdelaziz. Lissan-ul-Maghreb printed open letters to Abdelaziz and then Abd al-Hafid.
In the Lissan-ul-Maghreb issue of February 14, 1908, the newspaper confirmed the sale of the newspaper to the Makhzen of Sultan Abdelhafid and that the editors would be working for him. In the months following the signature of the sale, things proceeded well, but after about a year, the Makhzen did not uphold its financial responsibilities and the Namor brothers began to publish defamatory content on the Makhzen, criticizing the state on all fronts.
In 1908, Abd al-Hafid ordered the creation of the newspaper al-Fajar (الفجر), first appearing in June 27, 1908, which would promote his views.
# 4-tert-Butylbenzaldehyde

4-tert-Butylbenzaldehyde is an aromatic aldehyde and an important intermediate for the synthesis of synthetic aroma compounds.

## Synthesis

4-tert-Butylbenzaldehyde is notable as a rare example of industrial-scale electrochemistry. It is produced by BASF and Givaudan (typically as its methanol acetal) through a double anodic oxidation of 4-tert-butyltoluene on greater than 10,000 ton per year scale.

## Applications

Aldol condensation with either propionaldehyde or acetaldehyde, followed by hydrogenation, gives the fragrance compounds lilial and bourgeonal, respectively.
# Harry Müller

Harry Müller (25 September 1930 – 19 April 2020) was a German sculptor.

## Biography

Müller first studied in Leipzig in 1951, and then was a student of Waldemar Grzimek at the Weißensee Academy of Art Berlin from 1953 to 1960. He developed his own abstract and geometric style, inspired by Selman Selmanagić.
After his studies, Müller returned to Leipzig and produced abstract sculptures inspired by Jean Arp and Buckminster Fuller. He did not exhibit his works, but participated in architectural projects across the city of Leipzig in the 1960s and 1970s. He notably sculpted the aluminum facade of the Blechbüchse (now Höfe am Brühl) and sculptures of the Sachsenplatz fountain.
# Mohanna, Khorramshahr

Mohanna (Persian: مهنا, also Romanized as Mohannā) is a village in Jazireh-ye Minu Rural District, Minu District, Khorramshahr County, Khuzestan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 62, in 12 families.
# Tatsinskaya (rural locality)

Tatsinskaya (Russian: Тацинская) is a rural locality (a stanitsa) and the administrative center of Tatsinsky District, Rostov Oblast, Russia. Population: 9,980 (2010 Census); 11,275 (2002 Census); 10,834 (1989 Soviet census).
# Pivka railway station

Pivka railway station (Slovene: Železniška postaja Pivka) is a significant railway station in Pivka, Slovenia. It is located on the main railway line between Ljubljana, Slovenia and Trieste, Italy
# Salama (company)

Salama Islamic Arab Insurance Company (Arabic: الشركة الإسلامية العربية للتأمين) also known as Salama is one of the largest and most established providers of Shariah-compliant Takaful solutions globally. It is listed on the Dubai Financial Market and has a paid-up capital of AED 939 million (USD 255 million).
Since its establishment in 1979, Salama has been a leader in the Takaful industry, serving over 450,000 customers and offering coverage exceeding AED 10 billion.
The company won Best Takaful Company (Middle East) at the 2012 International Takaful Awards.

## Regional offices

* Tariic Holding Company B.S.C, Kingdom of Bahrain
* Misr Emirates Takaful Life Insurance Co. (METLICO), Egypt
* Egyptian Saudi Insurance House, Egypt
* Salama Immobilier, Senegal
* Salama Assurances Algerie, Algeria
* Islamic Insurance Jordan, Jordan Award-winning solutions
# Aktepe, Kızıltepe

Aktepe (Kurdish: Gundikê H. Hemîd, Aqtepe) is a neighbourhood in the municipality and district of Kızıltepe, Mardin Province in Turkey. The village is populated by Kurds of the Kîkan tribe and had a population of 235 in 2021.
# HMS Astute (P447)

HMS Astute (P447) was an Amphion-class submarine. Her keel was laid down by Vickers at Barrow-in-Furness. She was launched in 1944 and commissioned in 1945.
In 1953 she took part in the Fleet Review to celebrate the Coronation of Queen Elizabeth II. Astute was scrapped on 1 October 1970 at Dunston on Tyne.

## Design

Like all Amphion-class submarines, Astute had a displacement of 1,360 tonnes (1,500 short tons) when at the surface and 1,590 tonnes (1,750 short tons) while submerged. It had a total length of 293 feet 6 inches (89.46 m), a beam length of 22 feet 4 inches (6.81 m), and a draught length of 18 feet 1 inch (5.51 m). The submarine was powered by two Admiralty ML eight-cylinder diesel engines generating a power of 2,150 horsepower (1,600 kW) each. It also contained four electric motors each producing 625 horsepower (466 kW) that drove two shafts. It could carry a maximum of 219 tonnes (241 short tons) of diesel fuel, although it usually carried between 159 and 165 tonnes (175 and 182 short tons).
The submarine had a maximum surface speed of 18.5 knots (34.3 km/h; 21.3 mph) and a submerged speed of 8 knots (15 km/h; 9.2 mph). When submerged, it could operate at 3 knots (5.6 km/h; 3.5 mph) for 90 nautical miles (170 km; 100 mi) or at 8 knots (15 km/h; 9.2 mph) for 16 nautical miles (30 km; 18 mi). When surfaced, it was able to travel 15,200 nautical miles (28,200 km; 17,500 mi) at 10 knots (19 km/h; 12 mph) or 10,500 nautical miles (19,400 km; 12,100 mi) at 11 knots (20 km/h; 13 mph). Astute was fitted with ten 21-inch (533 mm) torpedo tubes, one QF 4-inch naval gun Mk XXIII, one Oerlikon 20 mm cannon, and a .303 British Vickers machine gun. Its torpedo tubes were fitted to the bow and stern, and it could carry twenty torpedoes. Its complement was sixty-one crew members.
Astute was laid down at Vickers-Armstrongs Barrow-in-Furness shipyard on 4 April 1944, was launched on 30 January 1945 and completed on 30 June 1945.

## Service history

Astute arrived at Halifax, Nova Scotia on 11 April 1950 for a six-week training period with the Royal Canadian Navy ending on 1 July. Astute spent 21 months in 1955–56 based at Halifax as part of the Canadian submarine squadron, leaving Canada for the UK on 10 December 1956.
As a response to the Cuban Missile Crisis, Astute and sister ship Alderney, both part of the Halifax-based 6th Submarine Squadron, were deployed to the North-East of the Grand Banks to warn if Soviet submarines were to be sent across the Atlantic to Cuba.
# Armenian Church, Iași

The Armenian Church of Iași (Romanian: Biserica Armeană Sfânta Născătoare) is an Armenian Apostolic church located at 22 Armeană Street in Iași, Romania. It is dedicated to the Virgin Mary.
It is known for certain that the church was restored in 1803. The inscription found on an old brick in the transept, which includes the date 1395, has given rise to much commentary that has not shed light on the building's prior existence. The Armenian community used neither the Julian nor the Gregorian dating system at the time, and neither did the Romanians, leading to the conclusion that the inscription is a later forgery. However, it is true that Armenians built a church in Iași, dedicated to the Dormition of the Mother of God, in the 14th century. It appears to have existed in 1583-1586, when it drew the attention of a foreign visitor.
According to tradition, the neighboring Saint Sabbas Church was built on the site of an Armenian church taken by the Romanian Orthodox. A second Armenian church, dedicated to Saint Gregory the Great, burned in 1827. There is evidence that Princes Mihai Racoviță, Nicholas Mavrocordatos and Dimitrie Cantemir granted tax exemptions to the clergy of the two parishes. Around 1830-1832, an old Armenian cemetery existed behind the Vulpe Church. It was used for those who died during epidemics and could not be buried around the city churches.
The church has three bells, of which two are dated. A small one has a Latin inscription from 1607, and a larger one is written in Old Church Slavonic in 1887. Repairs were carried out in 1732, 1803 (from the foundations), 1929-1932 and, following World War II bombardment, 1946.
The church is listed as a historic monument by Romania's Ministry of Culture and Religious Affairs, as is the neighboring Armenian atheneum, built in 1932 and now used as the parish house.
* Niche with the 1395 inscription
* Entrance
* Iconostasis
* Choir
* Madonna and Child icon
* Merchant's grave
* Churchyard headstones
* Parish house
# Vazirov

Vazirov (Azerbaijani: Vəzirov) is an Azerbaijani surname. It is a slavicised version of Vazir. Notable people with the surname include:
* Abdurrahman Vazirov (1930–2022), Azerbaijani politician
* Hashim bey Vazirov (1868–1916), Azerbaijani journalist, writer and publisher
* Mir Hasan Vazirov (1889–1918), Azerbaijani politician and revolutionary
* Najaf bey Vazirov (1854–1926), Azerbaijani playwright and journalist
# Garuk, Ravar

Garuk (Persian: گروك, also Romanized as Garūk; also known as Gorūg) is a village in Heruz Rural District, Kuhsaran District, Ravar County, Kerman Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 183, in 52 families.
# Marques Douglas

Marques Lamont Douglas (/ˈmɑːrkɪs/; born March 5, 1977) is a former American football defensive tackle and defensive end who played for five teams in the National Football League during an 11-year career. He was signed by the Baltimore Ravens as an undrafted free agent in 1999. He played college football at Howard.
Douglas played for the Ravens, New Orleans Saints, San Francisco 49ers, New York Jets and the Tennessee Titans. He also played for Rhein Fire, an NFL Europe team, and was on the roster of the Miami Dolphins and Tampa Bay Buccaneers.

## Professional career
### Early career

He was signed as an undrafted free agent by the Baltimore Ravens in 1999, though he didn't see any playing time. He played for the New Orleans Saints in 2000, active for one game. He returned to the Ravens from 2001 through 2004. During his time with the Ravens, he started 32 games, becoming a full-time starter for the 2003 and 2004 seasons, and registered a total of 147 tackles, 12 sacks, and three forced fumbles.

### San Francisco 49ers

He was then signed as an unrestricted free agent by the San Francisco 49ers in 2005. He was brought in by Mike Nolan to help the 49ers adjust into the 3-4 defensive scheme. Douglas led all defensive linemen in tackles behind the line of scrimmage his last year.

### Tampa Bay Buccaneers

On March 13, 2008, the Tampa Bay Buccaneers signed Douglas to a four-year contract.

### Third stint with Ravens

On August 27, 2008, the Tampa Bay Buccaneers traded Douglas to the Baltimore Ravens for an undisclosed draft pick. He was released on February 27, 2009.

### New York Jets

An unrestricted free agent after the 2008 season, Douglas signed with the New York Jets on March 13, 2009. Douglas' contract expired after the 2009 season and was not re-signed by the Jets.

### Miami Dolphins

Douglas signed with the Miami Dolphins on July 23, 2010. He was cut on September 5, 2010.

### Tennessee Titans

Douglas signed with the Tennessee Titans on November 9, 2010. He played in six regular season games for the Titans in 2010, his final season in the NFL.
# Christopher Downs

Christopher Downs (born November 5, 1974) is a US-American amateur boxer who won a bronze medal at the 2007 Pan American Games 2007.

## Career

A member of the U.S. Army's World Class Athlete Program, Sergeant Christopher Downs only took up boxing in 2003 at an advanced age. He had to put it on hold when he served in Tikrit in Iraq from January 2004 to March 2005. Downs was a member of a 16-man platoon of which 11 men were wounded and received Purple Hearts, including four under his direct command. He says "Anybody that sees their friends and superiors put their lives on the line, knowing what can happen to you any second of the day,it changes your perspective. It opens your eyes to a lot of things and opens your mind to a lot of things you probably wouldn't try." He's still on active duty, but the military will allow him to dedicate all of his time training for Beijing.
The aggressive puncher lost 2005 in the semifinal but became 2006 and 2007 US light-heavyweight champion.
He won bronze at the 2007 PanAm Games where he lost to Cuban Yusiel Napoles.
At the World Championships 2007 he upset Ukrainian Ismail Sillakh but lost to Brit Tony Jeffries.
At the first Olympic qualifier of the Americas he upset highly touted Cuban champion Julio de la Cruz, but lost to Venezuelan Luis Gonzalez, at the second qualifier he was eliminated by Julio Castillo.