OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Tbilisi Higher Artillery Command School

The Tbilisi Higher Artillery Command School (Russian: Тбилисское высшее артиллерийское командное училище (ТВАККУ)) was one of the military institutions of the USSR. In different years she trained specialists of various military specialties. It was located in Tbilisi in the Georgian SSR.

## History

The school was founded on 8 November 1864 by the governor of the Caucasus, Grand Duke Mikhail Nikolayevich of Russia. In 1992, the Tbilisi Higher Artillery Command School was moved and reorganized into the Ekaterinburg Higher Artillery Command School in Yekaterinburg, Russia. It is the predecessor in military education to the David Aghmashenebeli National Defense Academy.

## Aspects of the school

It has the honorific of 26 Baku Commissars, with its full name being the Tbilisi Higher Artillery Command School named after the 26 Baku Commissars. Graduates of the school were distributed into artillery units of the Soviet Ground Forces, the Soviet Naval Infantry and the Soviet airborne. In 1965, the school, opened a military parade on Rustaveli Avenue in honor of the 20th anniversary of the end of the Second World War. During the Soviet–Afghan War, 50-75% of all cadets were deployed to Afghanistan. In August 2000, an alumni association was created, with 1971 graduate Ilya Novzhilov at its head.

## Notable alumni

* Museyib Allahverdiyev, Red Army major from Azerbaijan.
* Vladimir Arshba, the first Minister of Defence of the Republic of Abkhazia.
* Hamazasp Babadzhanian, a Soviet Armenian Chief marshal of the armored troops.
* Giorgi Karkarashvili, Georgian Minister of Defense from May 1993 to March 1994
* Yuri Khatchaturov, former Secretary-General of the Collective Security Treaty Organization and former Chief of the General Staff of the Armed Forces of Armenia.
* Oleg Bazhenov, Deputy Minister of EMERCOM.
# Hart Energy

Hart Energy, based in Houston, publishes online newspapers and magazines covering the petroleum industry and provides related research and consulting services.

## History

The company was founded in Denver in 1973. Phillips International acquired the company in 1991 and sold it in 2000 for over $100 million. In March 2004, the company was acquired by management and changed its name to Hart Energy Publishing, LP.
In October 2010, Hart Energy acquired Rextag Strategies Mapping & Data Services.
On May 2, 2013, Hart Energy acquired Subsea Engineering News.
Hart Energy features an annual listing of influential women in energy.
# Beşyol, Siirt

Beşyol (Kurdish: Şamaşa) is a village in the Siirt District of Siirt Province in Turkey. The village had a population of 91 in 2021.
The hamlet of Kuşlu is attached to the village.
# Ali ibn Ajlan

‘Alā’ al-Dīn Abu al-Ḥasan ‘Alī ibn ‘Ajlān ibn Rumaythah ibn Abī Numayy al-Ḥasanī (Arabic: علاء الدين أبو الحسن علي بن عجلان بن رميثة بن أبي نمي الحسني) was an Emir of Mecca.
He was killed on Wednesday, 7 Shawwal 797 AH (28 July 1395).
He is possibly the same person as Sharif Ali of Brunei.
# You Comb Her Hair

"You Comb Her Hair" is a song by George Jones and Melba Montgomery; it was written by Hank Cochran and Harlan Howard. It was released as a single in 1963 and reached #5 on the Billboard country singles chart. The song, an ode of love and devotion from a father to his daughter, was typical of Jones's releases during this period. In a 1994 article by Nick Tosches for the Texas Monthly, Jones confessed that he regarded the early sixties as his finest period, stating, "We did a lot of the pure country then."
Johnny Cash recorded the song for his 1966 album Happiness Is You.
# Polygona infundibulum

Polygona infundibulum is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Fasciolariidae, the spindle snails, the tulip snails and their allies.

## Description

Shell size 45-50 mm.

## Distribution

East coast of Florida.
# Pichak Mahalleh

Pichak Mahalleh (Persian: پيچك محله, also Romanized as Pīchak Maḩalleh; also known as Vashmgīr and Voshmgīr) is a village in Katul Rural District, in the Central District of Aliabad County, Golestan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 2,304, in 554 families.
# Vuosnayoki

The Vuosnayoki (Russian: Вуоснайоки, Finnish: Vuosnajoki) is a river in the south of the Kola Peninsula in Murmansk Oblast, Russia. It is 66 kilometres (41 mi) long, and has a drainage basin of 661 square kilometres (255 sq mi). The river flows into the Lake Nivayarvi, which is drained by the Kutsayoki.
# Agonoxena argaula

Agonoxena argaula, or the coconut flat moth, is a moth of the family Agonoxenidae. It was first described by Edward Meyrick in 1921 from Fiji and is also known from Guam, the New Hebrides, Tonga, Samoa, Ellice, Wallis, Futuna, and the Palmyra Atoll. It was first recorded in Hawaii in 1949. It is artificially spread by commerce.
# Ilkadım, Nusaybin

Ilkadım (Kurdish: Habisê) is a neighbourhood in the municipality and district of Nusaybin, Mardin Province in Turkey. The village is populated by Kurds of the Bubilan tribe and had a population of 112 in 2021.
# Museyib Shahbazov

Museyib Ali oghlu Shahbazov (Azerbaijani: Müseyib Əli oğlu Şahbazov, 1898–1938) was an Azerbaijani-Soviet party figure and statesman, revolutionary, Commissar of People's Education of the Azerbaijan SSR.

## Biography

Museyib Shahbazov was born in 1898 in Petrovsk-Port, Dagestan Oblast. After receiving his primary education at a village school, he went to Astrakhan with his father, and after a while, he continued his education at a realny school in Derbent.
M. Shahbazov had been interested in public life since school age, joined artistic association and read banned books. Gradually, he began to study Marxist literature, attending workers' meetings and rallies. The first periods of his revolutionary activity took place in Dagestan. He was then persecuted by the government and went to Astrakhan. Arriving in Astrakhan in early April 1918, Museyib Shahbazov made contacts with the Muslim branch of the RC(b)P provincial committee headed by Nariman Narimanov and joined the Bolsheviks party.
Museyib Shahbazov was sent to study in Moscow under the auspices of the RC(b)P provincial committee. After graduating from the Moscow Red Professorial Institute of Literature, he was mobilized to work in the political department of the XIII Army. From 1918 he worked as a propagandist in the political department of the same army, in Astrakhan he was the secretary of the "Hummet" party, the secretary of the Derbent Revolutionary Committee, the secretary of the RC(b)P South Dagestan and Gaytag-Tabasaran district committees.
M. Shahbazov came to Soviet Azerbaijan in 1921; he first worked in the Emergency Commission fighting the counter-revolution, then headed the Ganja Uyezd Executive Committee, and worked as the Deputy People's Commissar for Justice of the Azerbaijan SSR. From 1923 he worked as the head of the propaganda department of the Central Committee of the AC(b)P, and the secretary of the Ganja Uyezd Committee of the AC(b)P.
Museyib Shahbazov was elected rector to the Azerbaijan State University on 22 June 1929. He worked in this position until the beginning of August of the same year.
He was the editor of the "Yeni yol" newspaper and at his initiative, the first "Muallime komek" magazine was published in Azerbaijan in 1934.
In 1935–1937 Museyib Shahbazov was the Commissar of People's Education of the Azerbaijan SSR. He was the author of articles on the importance of switching to the Latin alphabet.
M. Shahbazov was elected a member of the Central Committee of the AC(b)P, the Central Executive Committee of the Azerbaijan SSR and the Central Executive Committee of the TSFSR, a member of the Transcaucasian Trade Union Council and the Central Committee of the Trade Union of Educators, he was a representative of the 14th Congress of the AUC(b)P, and on 27 January 1936 he was awarded the Order of the Red Banner of Labor.
Shahbazov was married to Lyubov Martinovna, had two daughters named Svetlana and Leyla. Leyla Shahbazova was an Honored Lawyer of the Azerbaijan SSR.
Museyib Shahbazov was arrested in September 1937 in the name of "People's Enemy" and was executed in 1938. He was posthumously acquitted on 3 September 1955.
# 7 Leaves Cafe

7 Leaves Cafe is an American chain of retailers selling Vietnamese drinks and macarons. It is mainly based around the Southwestern United States. As of 2023, the cafe has 41 locations, with three to be opened in the future. Most ingredients used at the store are pressed by hand. It sells over 1 million drinks every quarter, and some popular stores sell more than 3,000 drinks daily. The chain has been nicknamed "the Asian Starbucks" by both employees and customers.

## History

The cafe began in a 1,100 square feet (100 m$^2$) store in a small Westminster, California shopping mall with four brothers, Vinh, Quang, Son, (known as Sonny) and Ha, with backgrounds in IT, software engineering, banking, and law, respectively. The chain opened another shop in Garden Grove and expanded across California and the Southwestern United States. Their parents had left Vietnam in the 1990s after the Vietnam War, and the brothers fled earlier in 1983. However, the boat they escaped on ran out of gas, staying adrift for seven days until rescuers from a refugee settlement in Palawan found them. The business was originally kept secret from their parents as they would not want their successful sons pursuing a risky career in retail, but the siblings' father, Chanh, found out after seeing the fifth store while plumbing was being constructed there.
Quang was the brother who came up with the idea, after watching a street vendor in Bangkok making Thai tea and having great success. Quang also went to Vietnam and explored many of its districts, attempting to find the best iced coffee there, and deciding to bring it to the U.S. Back in America, Quang answered an ad looking for a restaurant lease, also recruiting his then-girlfriend Mai Ly, her younger brother Denny Ly, and his childhood friend Triet Ho.
The name "7 Leaves" comes from the seven ingredients used in the chain's popular herbal tea, along with the number of co-founders.

### Artisan

Artisan is a partnership between 7 Leaves Cafe and Crema Bakery in Fountain Valley, in which drinks from the cafe are served alongside dishes from the bakery in a 3,000 square feet (280 m$^2$) brunchlike setting, with decorations being reminiscent of an invitation to a friend's house. The restaurant opened in 2021.

## Products

The chain is known for its variety of teas served cold, which include Thai, milk, soy, matcha, jasmine, herbal, and hibiscus. It also has a broad selection of coffees — Vietnamese, house, and black. Grass jelly, Aloe vera, boba, and custard pudding can be added onto the drinks themselves. The store additionally sells macarons, coming in eight flavors.

## Locations

The chain has locations in Orange County, Los Angeles County, San Bernardino County, Santa Clara County, Riverside County, Las Vegas, Houston, Dallas, and a satellite store in Duluth, Georgia.
In Southern California, the cafe is popular with students from schools such as USC and Cal State Fullerton.
# Ahi Mahalleh

Ahi Mahalleh (Persian: اهي محله, also Romanized as Āhī Maḩalleh) is a village in Harazpey-ye Gharbi Rural District, in the Central District of Mahmudabad County, Mazandaran Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 1,281, in 336 families.
# Naimiyeh, Khuzestan

Naimiyeh (Persian: نعميه, also Romanized as Na‘īmīyeh; also known as Na‘īmeh, Na‘īmīyeh-ye Asad Khān, and Na‘mīyeh-ye Asad Khān) is a village in the Jazireh-ye Minu Rural District, Minu District, Khorramshahr County, Khuzestan Province, Iran. According to the 2006 census, the population of Naimiyeh was 109, and was made up of 20 families.
# Mohammed Hamada

Mohammed Khamis Haidar Hamada (Arabic: محمد خميس حيدر حمادة; born 14 March 2002) is a Palestinian weightlifter from Gaza. He was the first Palestinian to compete in the sport at the Olympics.

## Career

Hamada participated in the men's 96-kilogram event at the 2020 Tokyo Olympics, making him the first-ever weightlifter from Palestine to compete at the Olympics. He finished 13th.
Hamada left Gaza several weeks before the Olympics to avoid traveling issues, having secured his place after participating in six international qualifying contests since 2019. His brother Hussam is the Palestinian national weightlifting team coach.
He was the flag bearer of Palestine's Olympic National Team during the 2020 Tokyo Summer Olympics.
In 2022, Hamada won gold and bronze in the IWF Weightlifting Junior World Championships held in Heraklion, Greece.
In 2024, Hamada injured his knee and lost around 20 kg (44 lb) carrying water during the ongoing Israel–Hamas war and Gaza genocide. He thus failed to qualify for the 2024 Summer Olympics in Paris. A documentary film chronicles his journey during the Gaza genocide, which included having to eat animal feed to survive.
# Chadlia Farhat Essebsi

Chadlia Saïda Farhat Essebsi (Arabic: شاذلية سعيدة فرحات السبسي; 1 August 1937 – 15 September 2019) was the First Lady of Tunisia (2014–2019) as the wife of President Beji Caid Essebsi. She was Tunisia's fifth first lady, as well as the second, following the Tunisian Revolution.

## Biography

Farhat was born on 1 August, 1936. She married Beji Caid Essebsi, a lawyer and politician eleven years her senior, on 8 February, 1958. The couple had four children: two daughters- Amel and Salwa, and two sons- Mohamed Hafedh and Khélil.
Farhat Essebsi became First Lady of Tunisia on 31 December, 2014 upon the inauguration of her husband as president. She reportedly disliked the idea of moving to Carthage Palace, the official Presidential Palace, as it was at a distance from her family. As first lady, she assumed a higher profile, both in public and behind-the-scenes, than her immediate predecessor, first lady Béatrix Marzouki [fr].

## Death

Farhat Essebsi died of a heart attack on 15 September, 2019, aged 83, less than two months after her husband, and on the same day a national election to determine President Essebsi's permanent successor, was held.
# Kerplunk experiment

The Kerplunk experiment was a stimulus and response experiment conducted on rats and demonstrates the ability to turn voluntary motor responses into a conditioned response. The purpose of the experiment was to get kinaesthetic feedback rather than guidance through external stimuli through maze learning. It was conducted in 1907 by John B. Watson and Harvey A. Carr and was named after the sound the rat made after running into the end of the maze. The study would help form a chain of responses, hypothesis proposed by Watson.
The study's findings would later give credibility to stimulus and response interpretations that rewards work by strengthening the learned ability to show a habitual motor action in the presence of a particular stimulus.

## The experiment

Rats were trained to run in a straight, alley-like maze for a food reward which was located at the end of the alley. Watson found that once the rat was well trained, it performed almost automatically on reflex. Upon learning the maze over time, they started to run faster through each length and turn. By the stimulus of the maze, their behavior became a series of associated movements, or kinaesthetic consequences instead of stimulus from the outside world. This routine continued until the length of the path changed, either further or shorter.
If the conditioned rats were released into an alleyway or path that was shortened, they would run straight into the end of the wall making a "kerplunk" sound. The first trial found that they would run full speed, passing up the food which had been moved closer. Shortening the alleyway, and moving the food closer was an early signal that was ignored by the rats.
If the path was longer, the rats would run as usual until it reached their customary distance, the distance where the food would normally be. They would then pause to sniff the area even though they had not reached the end of the alley, often ignoring food that was further away.
# Fontanka, Ukraine

Fontanka (Ukrainian: Фонтанка) is a village in Odesa Raion, Odesa Oblast (province) of Ukraine. It hosts the administration of Fontanka rural hromada, one of the hromadas of Ukraine.
Dachne was previously located in Lyman Raion until it was abolished and its territory was merged into Odesa Raion on 18 July 2020 as part of the administrative reform of Ukraine, which reduced the number of raions of Odesa Oblast to seven.
# Hures-la-Parade

Hures-la-Parade (French pronunciation:; Occitan: Ura e la Parada) is a commune in the Lozère department in southern France.

## Geography

Hures-la-Parade is situated on the Causse Méjean in the southeastern part of the Lozère department. It was created in 1971 after the fusion of the old communes of Hures and La Parade. With less than three inhabitants per square kilometer, it is one of the least densely populated French communes. The commune's southern border is delineated by the gorges of the Jonte river, which also form the border with the neighboring Aveyron department.

## Nature

The territory of the commune houses three officially recognized natural sites:
* The Aven Armand cave, located in the southern part of the commune and known for its large stalagmites.
* The Grotte Amélineau cave, unopened to the public.
* The gorges of the Jonte river
A group of Przewalski horses was released near the hamlet of Le Villaret in 2004 with the aim of preparing them for their eventual reintroduction in Western Mongolia.
# Jeff McNeely

Jeffrey Lavern McNeely (born October 18, 1969) is a former center fielder/designated hitter in Major League Baseball who played briefly for the Boston Red Sox during the 1993 season. Listed at 6' 2", 190 lb., McNeely batted and threw right-handed. He attended Spartanburg Methodist College.
In a season/career, McNeely was a .297 hitter (11-for-37) with 10 runs and six stolen bases in 21 games, including one double, one triple, one RBI, a .409 on-base percentage without home runs. In 13 outfield appearances, he collected a .917 fielding percentage (two errors in 24 chances).
From 1992 to 1996, McNeely also played in the minors with New Britain (1992), Pawtucket (1993–94), Louisville (1995–96). In 479 games, he hit .239 with eight home runs, 197 runs, 118 RBI, and 70 stolen bases.
McNeely runs Charlotte Megastars Baseball Club. He helped over 350 players receive a baseball scholarship.
McNeely currently runs security and suspension at South Mecklenburg High School in Charlotte NC.

## Transactions

* 1989: Selected by the Boston Red Sox in the 2nd round of the 1989 draft.
* 1994: Traded by Boston along with Nate Minchey to the St. Louis Cardinals in exchange for Luis Alicea.
# Avarneh

Avarneh (Persian: اورنه, also Romanized as Awarneh; also known as Abarnaū, Oorneh, Owraneh, Owrūneh, Ūraneh, and Ūrneh) is a village in Dodangeh-ye Olya Rural District, Ziaabad District, Takestan County, Qazvin Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 764, in 179 families.
# Mourad Dhina

Mourad Dhina (Arabic: مراد دهينة; born 6 August 1961) is an Algerian physicist and activist living in Switzerland. He is the executive director of the Alkarama non-governmental organization.

## Education and scientific works

He obtained a master's degree in physics from MIT in 1985, two years later he obtained a Ph.D. in particle physics from the same institute. He worked as researcher at the European Organization for Nuclear Research and also the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich.

## Human rights and political commitment

He became an opponent of the Algerian government following the coup d'état of January 1992 that banned the Islamic Salvation Front (FIS), starting the Algerian Civil War. After being spokesman for the Coordination Committee of the FIS, he became head of the Executive Office of the FIS from October 2002 to October 2004, when he resigned and left the party, regarding it as inactive and ineffective.
During the 1990s, he supported terrorist groups such as the Islamic Front of Armed Jihad (FIDA) He did not hesitate to describe Mohammed Saïd as a martyr, in the review Al Qadiât in December 1995
Dhina condemns the violence of the Algerian army during the civil war of the 1990s but some Algerian activists close the "eradicators" claim that he has never condemned the violence and the murders of secular journalists and intellectuals by the Islamist extremists. His response is that he does condemn all victims of the violence and rejects the selectivity of those who want to single out the so-called "secular journalists and intellectuals". He has always called for independent and credible investigations into the massacres, disappearances, killings and torture that Algeria has witnessed since the 1992 coup. He advocates a national reconciliation based on memory, truth and justice.
In 2007, he founded with Mohamed Larbi Zitout, Abbas Aroua, Rachid Mesli and Mohamed Samraoui, the Rachad movement, an Algerian opposition movement which advocates a radical non-violent change in the Algerian political system to establish good governance in Algeria.
Dhina is the executive director of the Alkarama (dignity) non-governmental organization.

## Arrest and release

Dhina was arrested on 16 January 2012 by the French police at the Orly Airport while he was travelling to Geneva.
After almost six months of detention in Paris, the French judiciary finally ordered him released in a ruling that considered the Algerian warrant as ill-founded and that there was no reason to keep Dhina detained.
# Francis Hime

Francis Hime (Rio de Janeiro, August 31, 1939) is a Brazilian composer, arranger, pianist and singer. He is the composer of the jazz standard Minha / All Mine, recorded, among others, by Bill Evans, Tony Bennett and Eliane Elias.

## Biography

Francis Hime started his piano studies at the age of 6. In 1955, he moved to the city of Lausanne, Switzerland, where he remained until 1959, dedicating himself to music. Francis returned to Brazil to develop a friendship with some of the artists who were part of the already consolidated bossa nova movement, such as Vinícius de Moraes, Carlos Lyra, Baden Powell, Edu Lobo, Dori Caymmi, Wanda Sá and Marcos Valle. His first partnership of this time with Vinícius, "Sem mais adeus", was recorded at the time by Wanda Sá and later by several other interpreters.
In 1969, he graduated in Mechanical Engineering and married singer and lyricist Maria Olívia Leuenroth, later known as Olivia Hime, with whom he would have his daughters: Maria, Joana and Luiza. In the same year, Francis moved to the United States, where he continued his musical studies and stayed for four years.
His vast repertoire includes several songs, soundtracks for movies and theater, and also erudite music.

## Discography

* 1964 – Os Seis em Ponto
* 1973 – Francis Hime
* 1977 – Passaredo
* 1978 – Se Porém Fosse Portanto
* 1980 – Francis
* 1981 – Os Quatro Mineiros
* 1981 – Sonho de Moço
* 1982 – Pau Brasil
* 1985 – Clareando
* 2000 – Sinfonia do Rio de Janeiro de São Sebastião
* 2001 – Meus Caros Pianistas
* 2001 – Sinfonia do Rio de Janeiro de São Sebastião – DVD
* 2002 – Choro Rasgado
* 2003 – Brasil Lua Cheia
* 2003 – Brasil Lua Cheia – DVD
* 2004 – Álbum Musical
* 2005 – Essas Parcerias
* 2006 – Arquitetura da Flor
* 2007 – Francis Ao Vivo
* 2007 – CHORO – DVD
# Qaraqush

Qaraqush (Arabic: قراقوش, from the Turkic for 'Black Bird') may refer to:
* Qaraqush, Iran, a Turkic-populated village in Iran
* Baha al-Din Qaraqush (died 1201), commander under Saladin, regent of Egypt
* Sharaf al-Din Qaraqush (died 1212), Ayyubid commander and adventurer in North Africa
# Tazehabad, Golestan

Tazehabad (Persian: تازه اباد, also Romanized as Tāzehābād) is a village in Mazraeh-ye Jonubi Rural District, Voshmgir District, Aqqala County, Golestan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 309, in 75 families.