OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Envoy (title)

An envoy extraordinary and minister plenipotentiary, usually known as a minister, was a diplomatic head of mission who was ranked below ambassador. A diplomatic mission headed by an envoy was known as a legation rather than an embassy. Under the system of diplomatic ranks established by the Congress of Vienna (1815), an envoy was a diplomat of the second class who had plenipotentiary powers, i.e., full authority to represent the government. However, envoys did not serve as the personal representative of their country's head of state. Until the first decades of the 20th century, most diplomatic missions were legations headed by diplomats of the envoy rank. Ambassadors were only exchanged between great powers, close allies, and related monarchies.
After World War II it was no longer considered acceptable to treat some nations as inferior to others, given the United Nations doctrine of equality of sovereign states. The rank of envoy gradually became obsolete as countries upgraded their relations to the ambassadorial rank. The envoy rank still existed in 1961, when the Vienna Convention on Diplomatic Relations was signed, but it did not outlive the decade. The last remaining American legations, in the Warsaw Pact countries of Bulgaria and Hungary, were upgraded to embassies in 1966.
The last envoy and legation in the world were the Swedish minister to South Africa, Ingemar Stjernberg, and the Swedish legation in Pretoria, which was upgraded to the level of Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary on 1 November 1993.

## Other usages of the title
### Ancient Greece

The role of presbys, commonly translated as "envoy", was a kind of temporary, ad hoc ambassador with highly circumscribed powers, sent from one Greek polis to another to negotiate the resolution of a single, particular issue.

### Popular parlance

In popular parlance, an envoy can mean a diplomat of any rank. Moreover, the rank of envoy should not be confused with the position of Special Envoy, which is a relatively modern invention, appointed for a specific purpose rather than for bilateral diplomacy, and may be held by a person of any diplomatic rank or none (though usually held by an ambassador).

### Kingdom of the Netherlands

The minister plenipotentiary (Dutch: gevolmachtigd minister) represents the Caribbean countries of Aruba, Curaçao and Sint Maarten in the Netherlands, where they form part of the Council of Ministers of the Kingdom.
# Administrative divisions of Transnistria

The Pridnestrovian Moldavian Republic (PMR, also known as Transnistria) is subdivided into five raions:
* Camenca (Moldovan Cyrillic: Каменка)
* Rîbnița (Moldovan Cyrillic: Рыбница)
* Dubăsari (Moldovan Cyrillic: Дубэсарь)
* Grigoriopol (Moldovan Cyrillic: Григориопол)
* Slobozia (Moldovan Cyrillic: Слобозия)
and one municipality:
Also, Bender (Romanian: Tighina, Moldovan Cyrillic: Тигина), situated on the western bank of the Dniester (in Bessarabia), geographically outside Transnistria, is not part of territorial unit Transnistria of Moldova as defined by the central authorities, but is controlled by the PMR authorities, which consider it part of PMR's administrative organization.
During the 1992 War of Transnistria some villages in the central part of Transnistria which geographically are situated on the eastern bank of Dniester, rebelled against the new separatist PMR authorities and since then have been under effective Moldovan control. These localities are: commune Cocieri (including village Vasilievca), commune Molovata Nouă (including village Roghi), commune Corjova (including village Mahala), commune Coșnița (including village Pohrebea), commune Pîrîta, and commune Doroțcaia. The village of Corjova is in fact divided between PMR and Moldovan central government areas of control. Roghi is also controlled by the PMR authorities.
At the same time, some areas which are situated on the right bank of the Dniester are under PMR control. These areas consist of the city of Bender with its suburb Proteagailovca, the communes Gîsca, Chițcani (including villages Merenești and Zahorna), and the commune of Cremenciug, formally in the Căușeni District, situated south of the city of Bender.
The breakaway PMR authorities also claim the communes of Varnița, in the Anenii Noi District, a northern suburb of Bender, and Copanca, in the Căușeni District, south of Chițcani, but these villages remain under Moldovan control.
# FK Vidar

FK Vidar is an association football club from Stavanger, Norway. They currently play in the 3. divisjon, the fourth highest level in the Norwegian football league system.

## Club history

The club was founded on 18 April 1906. FK Vidar played their first match against Stavanger IF on 15 August 1906. They lost 1–0. They became members of the Norwegian Football Association in 1909, and won their first league title in 1912 when the junior team became district champions of Rogaland.
The club has spent most of its time between the third and fourth tiers in Norway and from 1952 to 1962 they found themselves languishing in the regional leagues. It was not until the 1980s that Vidar began to develop into one of the better teams in Stavanger. They established themselves as one of the top teams at the Norwegian second tier (named 2. divisjon at that time, now known as 1. divisjon), only just failing to achieve promotion in 1984 and 1986 and finishing among the top four a total of five times. They competed directly against their city rivals Viking FK in 1987 and 1988, finishing ahead of them in 1987.
1989 saw the beginning of the decline. FK Vidar were relegated to the third tier, and in 2004 they were relegated again to the fourth tier (Third Division) where they remained for many years. In 2009 Vidar won the play-offs to win re-promotion to the 2010 Norwegian Second Division.
Their ground is Lassa Idrettspark which has a capacity of around 5,000 spectators. The club's colours are red, the home kit is red with white stripes and the away kit is black with white stripes.
Since 2013, the team have developed a strong following of global fans. Sales of the football shirts, with the new Fenrir logo, rocketed. The rise in sales was due to the TV personality Tim Lovejoy tweeting about the team on Twitter. Fans 'watch' matches by following the Twitter feed each game. Some fans have even travelled to Stavanger to watch Vidar play at the Lassa.

## Player records

* Topscorer, Jan Fjetland – 289 goals
* Appearance record, Egil Klinkenberg – 510 games (1966–91)

## Recent history

    Season Pos. Pl. W D L GS GA P Cup Notes 2003 2. divisjon 10 2610115 287131 First round 2004 2. divisjon ↓ 12 267613 355127 First round Relegated to the 3. divisjon 2005 3. divisjon 5 22958 463932 First round 2006 3. divisjon 1 221615 753049 First qualifying round Lost playoffs for promotion 2007 3. divisjon 2 261835 702857 Second qualifying round 2008 3. divisjon 2 262042 892764 First round 2009 3. divisjon ↑ 1 262231 921469 Second round Promoted to the 2. divisjon 2010 2. divisjon 8 261079 474037 First round 2011 2. divisjon 5 2611411 414837 Second round 2012 2. divisjon 5 261088 424238 Second round 2013 2. divisjon 11 2610313 496633 Second round 2014 2. divisjon 4 261178 484040 Second round 2015 2. divisjon 4 2610106 604440 First round 2016 2. divisjon 7 2612311 556039 Fourth round 2017 2. divisjon 4 2613310 564942 First round 2018 2. divisjon 9 2610313 415133 Second round 2019 2. divisjon ↓ 12 265615 325121 First round Relegated to the 3. divisjon 2020 Season cancelled 2021 3. divisjon 8 13526 212017 Second round 2022 3. divisjon 5 261268 544242 Second round
Source:
# Ust-Kormikha

Ust-Kormikha (Russian: Усть-Кормиха) is a rural locality (a selo) in Ust-Volchikhinsky Selsoviet, Volchikhinsky District, Altai Krai, Russia. The population was 108 as of 2013. There is 1 street.

## Geography

Ust-Kormikha is located 28 km south of Volchikha (the district's administrative centre) by road. Valovoy Kordon is the nearest rural locality.
# David Crouse

David Crouse (born 1971 in Boston, Massachusetts) is a short story writer and teacher. Crouse's work explores issues of identity and alienation, and his stories are populated with characters living on the fringes of American society. The Flannery O'Connor Award for Short Fiction was awarded to him in 2005 for his first collection of short stories, Copy Cats. Published in 2008, his most recent collection of stories, The Man Back There, was awarded the Mary McCarthy Prize.
He has been published extensively in the literary journal circuit, with stories appearing in The Greensboro Review, Chelsea, Quarterly West, and The Beloit Fiction Journal. With a collection of three novellas entitled Continuity nearing completion, he has begun work on his first novel.
Having helped to establish a creative writing program at Chester College of New England, a renowned liberal arts college located in Chester, New Hampshire, Crouse returned to the University of Alaska Fairbanks, which awarded him his MFA in Creative Writing in 1996. He continues to teach creative writing at both the undergraduate and graduate level.
He has written in the comic book genre, with his work appearing in The Darkhorse Book of the Dead, (Darkhorse Comics).

## Books by David Crouse

Copy Cats (2005)
The Man Back There (2008)
I'm Here: Alaska Stories (2023)
# Petrove, Znamianka urban hromada, Kropyvnytskyi Raion, Kirovohrad Oblast

Petrove (Ukrainian: Петрове) is a village in central Ukraine, Kropyvnytskyi Raion, Kirovohrad Oblast, in Znamianka urban hromada. Its population is 1,631 (2022 estimate).

## Geography

The village is located on the southern outskirts of Znamianka. The river Balka Orlova flows through its territory, named after the village of the same name founded by a Zaporozhian Cossack nicknamed Orel, which existed here at the beginning of the XVIII century, and in 1958, was annexed to Petrove. Now the entire valley of this river is called Orlova Balka. (lit. Orel's gorge).

## History

As of 1886, 337 people lived in the village, there were 73 farmsteads, 3 shops, and a brick factory. 4 miles away, there was a railway station, a cafeteria, 3 benches, and an inn.
During the Holodomor of 1932-1933, at least 7 villagers died.
# Ovsyannikovo, Sudogodsky District, Vladimir Oblast

Ovsyannikovo (Russian: Овсянниково) is a rural locality (a village) in Golovinskoye Rural Settlement, Sudogodsky District, Vladimir Oblast, Russia. The population was 104 as of 2010. Today, its population is 103.

## Geography

It is located 3 km east from Golovino, 27 km west from Sudogda.
# Cornovichthys

Cornovichthys is an extinct genus of jawless fish in the super class Anaspidomorphi. It is known from the Middle Devonian of Scotland.
Cornovichthys is also classified as a rare agnathan and shares similarities with the fauna found in the Late Devonian Escuminac Formation of Canada. The passage also states that while Cornovichthys may have been widespread in the Silurian and Devonian periods, it is only found when preserved under exceptional circumstances.
# Novocherkasskaya (Saint Petersburg Metro)

Novocherkasskaya (Russian: Новочерка́сская) is a station on the Line 4 of Saint Petersburg Metro, opened on December 30, 1985. The station was planned to be named Zanevskaya, but it was ultimately called Krasnogvardeyskaya until 1992; the station's name was changed after its namesake, the Krasnogvardeysky Avenue, was renamed to Novocherkassky. The station is unique as it does not have its own building above ground; one must enter through an underground pedestrian crossing.

## Station Design

The station's vestibule design is dedicated to the Red Army and its fight for power in the Russian Revolution; the escalators feature a mosaic at the bottom portal, the walls are also lined with red marble.
# Arbat Darreh

Arbat Darreh (Persian: اربطدره, also Romanized as Arbaţ Darreh; also known as Ārpā Darreh, Arbat, and Ārpdareh) is a village in Dodangeh-ye Olya Rural District, Ziaabad District, Takestan County, Qazvin Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 12, in 4 families.
# Romanove Selo

Romanove Selo (Ukrainian: Романове Село) is a village in Baikivtsi rural hromada, Ternopil Raion, Ternopil Oblast, Ukraine.

## History

The first written mention of the village was in 1574.

## Religion

* Church of the Intercession (1927, brick, restored in 1991),
* Church of the Ascension (1996, brick),
* remains of the Roman Catholic church (1931).
# Al-Mu'azzam

Al-Mu'azzam or al-Muʿaẓẓam (المعظم, al-Muʿaẓẓam, 'exalted') may refer to:
* Al-Mu'azzam Isa, emir of Damascus as al-Mu'azzam I (1218–1227)
* Al-Mu'azzam Turanshah, emir of Damascus as al-Mu'azzam II (1249–1250) and sultan of Egypt (1249–1250)
# Firuz Kola-ye Sofla, Nowshahr

Firuz Kola-ye Sofla (Persian: فيروزكلاسفلي) is a village in Tavabe-ye Kojur Rural District of Kojur District, Nowshahr County, Mazandaran province, Iran.

## Demographics
### Population

At the time of the 2006 National Census, the village's population was 283 in 84 households. The following census in 2011 counted 237 people in 75 households. The 2016 census measured the population of the village as 447 people in 153 households. It was the most populous village in its rural district.
# Incheh-ye Olya, North Khorasan

Incheh-ye Olya (Persian: اينچه عليا, also Romanized as Īncheh-ye ‘Olyā; also known as Īncheh-ye Bālā, Incha, Īncheh, and Lencheh) is a village in Jeyransu Rural District, in the Central District of Maneh and Samalqan County, North Khorasan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 1,059, in 306 families.
# Cantuaria medialis

Cantuaria medialis is a species of trapdoor spider endemic to New Zealand.

## Taxonomy

This species was described in 1968 by Ray Forster from a single female specimen collected in Marlborough. The holotype is stored at Otago Museum.

## Description

The female is recorded at 17mm in length. The carapace and legs are pale reddish to orange brown. The abdomen is shaded dorsally with reddish brown.

## Distribution

This species is only known from Marlborough, New Zealand.

## Conservation status

Under the New Zealand Threat Classification System, this species is listed as Data Deficient with the qualifiers of "Data Poor: Size", "Data Poor: Trend" and "One Location".
# Code morphing

Code morphing is an approach used in obfuscating software to protect software applications from reverse engineering, analysis, modifications, and cracking. This technology protects intermediate level code such as compiled from Java and .NET languages (Oxygene, C#, Visual Basic, etc.) rather than binary object code. Code morphing breaks up the protected code into several processor commands or small command snippets and replaces them by others, while maintaining the same end result. Thus the protector obfuscates the code at the intermediate level.
Code morphing is a multilevel technology containing hundreds of unique code transformation patterns. In addition this technology transforms some intermediate layer commands into virtual machine commands (like p-code). Code morphing does not protect against runtime tracing, which can reveal the execution logic of any protected code.
Unlike other code protectors, there is no concept of code decryption with this method. Protected code blocks are always in the executable state, and they are executed (interpreted) as transformed code. The original intermediate code is absent to a certain degree, but deobfuscation can still give a clear view of the original code flow.
Code morphing is also used to refer to the just-in-time compilation technology used in Transmeta processors such as the Crusoe and Efficeon to implement the x86 instruction set architecture.
Code morphing is often used in obfuscating the copy protection or other checks that a program makes to determine whether it is a valid, authentic installation, or an unauthorized copy, in order to make the removal of the copy-protection code more difficult than would otherwise be the case.
# Kühlungsborn Pier

Kühlungsborn Pier (German: Seebrücke Kühlungsborn) is a pier on the Baltic Sea coast in Kühlungsborn in the German county of Rostock (Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania).

## History and architecture

The first jetties were built from about 1895; they were the forerunners of those in Brunshaupten and Arendsee. Because these simple wooden structures could not cope with the strong ice drift in the winter, they frequently had to be replaced. The first large jetties were built in 1901 to enable sailing boat services to call here. In 1906, piers were built large enough to enable steamboats to tie up, thus negating the inconvenience of ferrying passengers from the ships in tenders. A pier was built in 1929, but this, too, could not withstand the weather. The last pier was destroyed in the winter of 1941/42. During East German times, the continued shortage of material and construction capacity prevented a new pier being built. This also prevented people escaping the country to the West.
The new pier was built in 1991 in the suburb of Ost. It is 240 metres long and oriented axially to the beach road (Strandstraße). The pier is located on the longest German Baltic Sea beach promenade, which is about 3.2 km long, and the pier was the first new pier to be built on the Baltic Sea coast in Mecklenburg. It is considered to be one of the landmarks of the town and is one of the 189 piers in the state of Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania.

## Pier forecourt

The remodelling of the pier forecourt was carried out in phases. The Kopfsituation, with its Forum and Bastion, was built in 1992. The forecourt was designed in 1991. The running area (Laufachse) and ramps, the pavements and the play area (Spielachse) were added in 1995. On the forecourt the protected sculpture Vater und Sohn ("Father and Son"), sculpted in the 1970s by Reinhard Schmidt, has been erected.

## Literature

* Stadterneuerung und Stadtentwicklung im Wandel der Zeit published by the town of Kühlungsborn, second, updated edition of November 2006
# Esfidan, Isfahan

Esfidan (Persian: اسفيدان, also Romanized as Esfīdān; also known as Esfedān, Espīdān, and Sepīdān) is a village in Karkas Rural District, in the Central District of Natanz County, Isfahan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 137, in 39 families.
# Inauguration of Dwight D. Eisenhower

Inauguration of Dwight D. Eisenhower may refer to:
* First inauguration of Dwight D. Eisenhower, 1953
* Second inauguration of Dwight D. Eisenhower, 1957
# Harry Kelley

Harry or Henry Kelley may refer to:
* Harry Kelley (rower) (1832–1914), British oarsman on the Thames
* Harry Kelley (baseball) (1906–1958), Major League Baseball pitcher
* Henry J. Kelley (1926–1988), professor of aeronautical engineering
# Yakkar ben Samuel ha-Levi

Yakkar ben Samuel ha-Levi II (Hebrew: יקר בן שמואל הלוי; died 1271) was a German Jewish scholar and liturgical poet, who flourished in Cologne and in Mainz in the second half of the 13th century. He was related to Meïr of Rothenburg, in whose responsa he is several times mentioned, and was a pupil of Rabbi Jehiel of Paris. Yakkar and his father, Samuel ben Abraham, died in the massacre of 1271.

## Work

His marginal glosses to Avot are still preserved in manuscript. He was, besides, the author of a number of liturgical poems, including:
* A yotzer for a Sabbath festival.
* An ofan.
* A zulat, poem to be sung before the recital of the Shemoneh 'Esreh.
* A kedushah, to be sung at the repetition of the Shemoneh 'Esreh.
* A zulat, poem beginning with the words ezkerah Elohim and meant for the Sabbath following the 20th of Tammuz, in memory of the massacres of the Jewish community of Pforzheim, 1267.
* A kedushah, poem in eleven lines, with continuous rime.
* A ge'ullah of three cantos, each consisting of two stanzas of five lines.
* An elegy on Zion, in which the author's name is twice mentioned.
# Zavadivka, Ternopil Oblast

Zavadivka (Ukrainian: Завадівка) is a village in Monastyryska urban hromada, Chortkiv Raion, Ternopil Oblast, Ukraine.

## History

It was first mentioned in writings in 1564.
After the liquidation of the Monastyryska Raion on 19 July 2020, the village became part of the Chortkiv Raion.

## Religion

* Church of the Holy Apostles Peter and Paul (1996).
# Axiom (record label)

Axiom was a record label founded by musician Bill Laswell in 1990 with the support of Chris Blackwell, founder of Island Records.

## History

In 1989, Chris Blackwell sold Island to PolyGram, which in 2000 became a subsidiary of Universal Music Group, with Blackwell remaining as CEO. In 1997, he resigned from PolyGram after struggling with what he saw as restrictive oversight of his management. Axiom was shut down but was reactivated when Blackwell started Palm Pictures. Palm scaled back its involvement in the music business, making Axiom dormant again.
Axiom released Sonny Sharrock's Ask the Ages and Henry Threadgill's Too Much Sugar for a Dime, as well as records by Laswell's bands such as Praxis and Material.
A series of world music titles were also released by Axiom, including Simon Shaheen's tribute to Mohammed Abdel Wahab, Shankar's Soul Searcher and field recordings of Gnawa music in Morocco, Mandinka & Fulani Music of the Gambia, and the Master Musicians of Jajouka in the Rif Mountains of Morocco.
After moving to Palm Pictures, Axiom released only a handful of albums, notably by Material and the group Tabla Beat Science, which included Laswell, Zakir Hussain, Karsh Kale, and Ustad Sultan Khan.

## Artists

* Umar Bin Hassan
* Zakir Hussain
* Karsh Kale
* Ustad Sultan Khan
* Material
* Praxis
* Simon Shaheen
* L. Shankar
* Sonny Sharrock
* Tabla Beat Science
* Henry Threadgill
# Barm Alvan

Barm Alvan (Persian: برم الوان, also Romanized as Barm Alvān) is a village in Sar Asiab-e Yusefi Rural District, Bahmai-ye Garmsiri District, Bahmai County, Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 76, in 15 families.
# Studençan

Studençan (Serbian: Studenčane, Serbian Cyrillic: Студенчане) is a village in the municipality of Suva Reka, Kosovo. The new name was given after the Kosovo War. Studençan is close to Suva Reka, 5 km west. The village has approximately 650 houses and over 5000 inhabitants, 2000 of which also live outside of the country for different reasons; work, family, etc., etc. Unemployment issues still affect the village.