OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Fonsol

Fonsol (Hungarian: Fancsal or Foncsol; died after 1138) was a Hungarian lord in the first half of the 12th century, who served as Palatine of Hungary from around 1131 to 1138, during the reign of Béla II of Hungary.

## Career

Fonsol was the son of a certain Bozeta (or Buzita). It is plausible that the noble family possessed lands in Abaúj County in Northeast Hungary, since the location of the eponymous villages Buzita (present-day Buzica, Slovakia) and Fancsal (present-day in Borsod-Abaúj-Zemplén County).
Violent purges were carried out among the partisans of his predecessors to strengthen the rule of Béla II shortly after his coronation in 1131, consequently Fonsol was among those nobles, who expressed their displeasure with the reign of Stephen II prior to 1131. Shortly after Béla's ascension to the Hungarian throne, Fonsol was made Palatine of Hungary around 1131. He first appears in this dignity, when the monarch judged over a lawsuit between the Bakonybél Abbey and Opus, the count (ispán) of udvornici in Pápa, following an investigation process conducted by a five-member ad litem court of which Fonsol was a member.
Fonsol was styled as "palatinus comes" (1131), "curialis comes" (1137), then "comes prefectus" (1138). Regarding the latter two, historians Péter Váczy and Attila Zsoldos considered the phrase applied to Fonsol's term a palatine, while other historians – for instance, Tibor Szőcs – claimed Fonsol already functioned as Judge royal by 1137. In that year, Fonsol ("Fanczellus") belonged to the accompaniment of King Béla II during the foundation of the Benedictine abbey of Csatár, according to a later document issued by Géza II. Fonsol is last mentioned as palatine in 1138, when he was present at the Dömös Chapter on the occasion of the confirmation of its privileges by Béla II. His fate is unknown. Around 1165, a certain comes Fonsol is mentioned as a member of the royal court of Stephen III.
# Duchess of Genoa

The Duchess of Genoa was a title bestowed on the wife of the Duke of Genoa. When Princess Elisabeth of Saxony, the Duchess of Genoa, remarried following her husband's death in 1855, her rank and status became a subject of intense diplomatic negotiation between the King of Saxony and the King of Sardinia. She died in 1912 with the title of Dowager Duchess.

## List of duchesses

| Picture | Name | Father | Birth | Marriage | Became Duchess | Ceased to be Duchess | Death | Husband |
| | Maria Cristina of Naples and Sicily | Ferdinand I of the Two Sicilies (Bourbon) | 17 January 1779 | 6 April 1807 | 7 January 1815 | 12 March 1821 became queen | 11 March 1849 | Prince Charles Felix |
| | Elisabeth of Saxony | John of Saxony (Wettin) | 4 February 1830 | 22 April 1850 | 22 April 1850 | 14 August 1912 (Husband died in 1855; title at death was Dowager Duchess) | 14 August 1912 (Husband died in 1855; title at death was Dowager Duchess) | Prince Ferdinand |
| | Isabella of Bavaria | Prince Adalbert of Bavaria (Wittelsbach) | 31 August 1863 | 14 April 1883 | 14 April 1883 | 26 February 1924 | 26 February 1924 | Prince Thomas |
| | Maria Luigia Alliaga Gandolfi | Carlo, conte di Ricaldone, conte di Borghetto, Montegrosso e Pornas | 22 October 1899 | 28 February 1938 | 28 February 1938 | 24 June 1963 husband's death | 19 July 1986 | Prince Ferdinando |
| | Lydia of Arenberg | Engelbert-Maria, 9th Duke of Arenberg (Arenberg) | 1 April 1905 | 30 April 1928 | 24 June 1963 husband's accession | 23 July 1977 | 23 July 1977 | Prince Filiberto |
| | Lucia of Bourbon-Two Sicilies | Prince Ferdinand Pius, Duke of Calabria (Bourbon-Two Sicilies) | 9 July 1908 | 30 April 1928 | 7 September 1990 husband's accession | 8 December 1996 husband's death | 3 November 2001 | Prince Eugenio |
| TITLE EXTINCT |||||||||
# Sahrarud

Sahrarud (Persian: صحرارود) is a village in, and the capital of, Sahrarud Rural District of the Central District of Fasa County, Fars province, Iran.

## Demographics
### Population

At the time of the 2006 National Census, the village's population was 4,860 in 1,163 households. The following census in 2011 counted 5,039 people in 1,386 households. The 2016 census measured the population of the village as 4,554 people in 1,352 households. It was the most populous village in its rural district.
# List of cities in Zakarpattia Oblast

There are 11 populated places in Zakarpattia Oblast, Ukraine, that have been officially granted city status (Ukrainian: місто, romanized: misto) by the Verkhovna Rada, the country's parliament. Settlements with more than 10,000 people are eligible for city status, although the status is typically also granted to settlements of historical or regional importance. As of 5 December 2001, the date of the first and only official census in the country since independence, the most populous city in the oblast was the regional capital, Uzhhorod, with a population of 117,317 people, while the least populous city was Perechyn, with 7,083 people.
From independence in 1991 to 2020, five cities in the oblast were designated as cities of regional significance (municipalities), which had self-government under city councils, while the oblast's remaining six cities were located amongst thirteen raions (districts) as cities of district significance, which are subordinated to the governments of the raions. On 18 July 2020, an administrative reform abolished and merged the oblast's raions and cities of regional significance into six new, expanded raions. The six raions that make up the oblast are Berehove, Khust, Mukachevo, Rakhiv, Tiachiv, and Uzhhorod.

## List of cities

Cities in Zakarpattia Oblast :
| Name | Name (in Ukrainian) | Raion (district) | Popu­lation (2022 esti­mates) | Popu­lation (2001 census) | Popu­lation change |
| Berehove | Берегове | Berehove | 23,325 | 26,735 | −12.75% |
| Chop | Чоп | Uzhhorod | 8,626 | 8,919 | −3.29% |
| Irshava | Іршава | Khust | 9,163 | 9,515 | −3.70% |
| Khust | Хуст | Khust | 28,039 | 29,080 | −3.58% |
| Mukachevo | Мукачево | Mukachevo | 85,569 | 82,346 | +3.91% |
| Perechyn | Перечин | Uzhhorod | 6,477 | 7,083 | −8.56% |
| Rakhiv | Рахів | Rakhiv | 15,536 | 15,241 | +1.94% |
| Svaliava | Свалява | Mukachevo | 17,068 | 17,145 | −0.45% |
| Tiachiv | Тячів | Tiachiv | 8,887 | 9,786 | −9.19% |
| Uzhhorod | Ужгород | Uzhhorod | 115,449 | 117,317 | −1.59% |
| Vynohradiv | Виноградів | Berehove | 25,317 | 25,760 | −1.72% |
# Stephen Ball (sociologist)

Stephen John Ball, FRSA, FBA, FAcSS (born 21 January 1950) is a British sociologist and former Karl Mannheim Professor of Sociology of Education at the Institute of Education of University College London (formerly part of the University of London). He has been described as "one of the most eminent scholars in the field of education policy". In 2013, Michael W. Apple wrote that "...one of the things that set Stephen Ball apart from many others is his insistence that both structural and poststructural theories and analyses are necessary for ‘bearing witness’ and for an adequate critical understanding of educational realities". He is the co-editor-in-chief of the Journal of Education Policy, alongside founding editor Ivor Goodson.

## Honours

Ball was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society of Arts (FRSA) in 1998, a Fellow of the Academy of Social Sciences (FAcSS) in 2000, and a Fellow of the British Academy (FBA) in 2006.
# Chornomorsk urban hromada

Chornomorsk urban hromada (Ukrainian: Чорноморська міська громада) is a hromada in Odesa Raion of Odesa Oblast in southwestern Ukraine. Population: 71,733 (2020 est.)
The hromada consists of a city of Chornomorsk, one rural settlement (Oleksandrivka) and two villages (Burlacha Balka [uk] and Malodolynske [uk]).
# Ashutosh

Ashutosh (Sanskrit: आशुतोष āśutoṣa, from आशु āśu meaning "rapid, easy" and तोष toṣa meaning "gratification") is a male given name and one of the names given to Shiva. The word Ashutosh refers to someone who can be easily gratified and someone who fulfils wishes instantly. Ashutosh is one of the thousand names (Sahasra naam) of Mahadeva.

## Persons
### Given name

* Ashutosh Deb (1803–1856), musician and Hindu priest in Calcutta, producer of an early Bengali dictionary
* Ashutosh Lobo Gajiwala (born 1993), Indian actor
* Ashutosh Gowariker (born 1965), Indian film director, actor, writer and producer
* Ashutosh (politician) (born 1965), Indian journalist and politician
* Ashutosh Kaushik, Indian model, actor, reality TV personality
* Ashutosh Mukherjee (1864–1924), Bengali educator
* Ashutosh Mukhopadhyay, anglicized spelling of surname: Mukherjee, prominent writer of modern Bengali literature
* Ashutosh Phatak, Indian rock artist and composer
* Ashutosh Rana, Indian actor
* Ashutosh Sabharwal, American engineer

## Other uses

* Asutosh College, affiliated to the University of Calcutta
# Waterford City Council

Waterford City Council (Irish: Comhairle Cathrach Phort Láirge) was the authority responsible for local government in the city of Waterford in Ireland until 2014.
As a city council, it was governed by the Local Government Act 2001. The council was responsible for housing and community, roads and transportation, urban planning and development, amenity and culture, and environment.
The council had 15 elected members. Elections for the council were held every five years and Councillors were elected by single transferable vote. The head of the council had the title of Mayor. The city administration was headed by a City Manager. The council met at City Hall, Waterford.
In late 2012, the Minister for the Environment, Community and Local Government Phil Hogan announced the proposed merger of Waterford County Council and Waterford City Council. It was abolished in June 2014 when the Local Government Reform Act 2014 was implemented. It was succeeded by Waterford City and County Council.
For the purpose of local elections the city was divided into three local electoral areas: Waterford City East (6), Waterford City North (4) and Waterford City South (5).
# Giovanni Moretti (composer)

Giovanni Moretti (1807 – 1884) was an Italian composer and conductor active in Naples. He was primarily known for his operas, although he also composed numerous pieces of chamber music, sacred music, and art songs.

## Life and career

Moretti was born in Naples. At the age of 10 he began studying piano with Pietro Casella as an external student at the Conservatory of San Pietro a Majella. In 1822 he won a scholarship to study full time at the conservatory where his teachers included Niccolò Zingarelli and Giacomo Tritto. While still a student his azione teatrale, La gioia dei sudditi, was performed at the Teatro Nuovo in 1830 to celebrate the return of Francis I from Spain. Six of his operas composed during his student days were premiered in Naples at the Teatro Fenice and the Teatro Nuovo between 1830 and 1833. Fifteen more premiered over the next 25 years, mostly at the Teatro Nuovo.
Moretti had a parallel career as an opera conductor. He was the music director of the Teatro del Fondo from 1840 to 1842 and of the Teatro Nuovo from 1851 to 1861. During this time he also taught counterpoint and singing at San Pietro a Majella where he was in great demand for students intending a career in opera. The destruction of the Teatro Nuovo when it caught fire in February 1861 was a serious blow to Moretti's career which had centered on that theatre. He composed no more operas after his L'esultanza napoletana which had premiered at the Nuovo in 1860. Over the next ten years he continued to conduct performances in various minor opera houses in Naples such as the Giardino d'Inverno and the Teatro Bellini.
In 1870 Antonio Musella, the former impresario of the Teatro Nuovo took over the management of the Teatro San Carlo, the premiere opera house of Naples, and offered Moretti the position of chief conductor. Moretti's time there was not a success. He was in his 60s and not used to the San Carlo's system of conducting with a baton from the orchestra pit. In the other opera houses in Naples it was still customary for the conductor to stand on the stage and leave the leader of the violin section to mark the tempo.
Writing in 1870, Francesco Florimo noted the ingenious quality and popularity of Moretti's operas—his Policarpio with a libretto by Marco D'Arienzo ran for an entire year at the Teatro Nuovo. However, he lamented that Moretti's lack of personal ambition meant that he had not achieved the acclaim and financial success that should have been his. In Florimo's view, Moretti had unfortunately chosen to enclose himself within the small circle of second-tier opera houses of Naples, contenting himself with little, enough to provide for the present without ever thinking about his future. When the 1870 season at the Teatro San Carlo ended, Musella did not renew Moretti's contract. Not long after that he retired to Ceglie, a small town near Brindisi where he served as the town's bandmaster. He died there at the age of 77. His last years were marked by ill-health and extreme poverty.
# Miskolc metropolitan area

The Miskolc Metropolitan Area (Hungarian: Miskolci agglomeráció) is a metropolitan area in Northern Hungary . The agglomeration consists of 13 municipalities: 4 cities 2 "big" villages and 7 villages . It has a population of 205.626 (2012).( This is Hungary's second most populous agglomeration after the Budapest agglomeration ) . Area : 44,085 square kilometres (17,021 sq mi) , The population density 466,4/km$^2$ was in 2012 . For the county's population 30% lives in this agglomeration.

## Settlements of the Miskolc metropolitan area

* Alsózsolca (city)
* Arnót (village)
* Felsőzsolca (city)
* Kistokaj (village)
* Mályi (village)
* Miskolc (county seat, regional city)
* Onga ("big" village)
* Sajóbábony (city)
* Sajóecseg (village)
* Sajókeresztúr (village)
* Sajópálfala (village)
* Sajóvámos (village)
* Szirmabesenyő ("big" village)

## Data

| Name | Population (2012) | Area | Population density | The Hungarian's proportion | Birth Rate (2010) | Mortality Rate (2010) | Number of houses (2012) |
| Miskolc | 166,823 (2012) | 236,66 km$^2$ | 704,9/km$^2$ | 95 % | 8,6 | 14,2 | 76,091 |
| Felsőzsolca | 6,750 (2012) | 016,25 km$^2$ | 415,3/km$^2$ | 91 % | 11,4 | 10,3 | 2,200 |
| Alsózsolca | 5,937 (2012) | 026,02 km$^2$ | 228,1/km$^2$ | 85 % | 11,5 | 10,4 | 1,855 |
| Onga | 4,775 (2012) | 031,49 km$^2$ | 151,6/km$^2$ | 83 % | 12,7 | 10,6 | 1,544 |
| Szirmabesenyő | 4,344 (2012) | 015,75 km$^2$ | 275,8/km$^2$ | 98 % | 5,4 | 14,8 | 1,634 |
| Mályi | 4,111 (2012) | 011,28 km$^2$ | 364,4/km$^2$ | 93 % | 7,9 | 11,3 | 1,375 |
| Sajóbábony | 2,782 (2012) | 013,43 km$^2$ | 207,1/km$^2$ | 94 % | 10,6 | 18,1 | 1,144 |
| Arnót | 2,544 (2012) | 017,54 km$^2$ | 145/km$^2$ | 97 % | 10,8 | 9,3 | 0810 |
| Sajóvámos | 2,200 (2012) | 031,22 km$^2$ | 070,4/km$^2$ | 99 % | 13,1 | 14,4 | 0782 |
| Kistokaj | 2,121 (2012) | 009,76 km$^2$ | 217,3/km$^2$ | 98 % | 10,9 | 12,4 | 0718 |
| Sajókeresztúr | 1,505 (2012) | 016,40 km$^2$ | 091,7/km$^2$ | 97 % | 11,3 | 12,6 | 0571 |
| Sajóecseg | 1,007 (2012) | 007,94 km$^2$ | 126,8/km$^2$ | 98 % | 6,9 | 21,6 | 0434 |
| Sajópálfala | 727 (2012) | 007,11 km$^2$ | 102,5/km$^2$ | 98 % | 5,3 | 10,6 | 0283 |
| Agglomeration | 205,626 (2012) | 440,85 km$^2$ | 466,4/km$^2$ | 94 % | 9,7 | 13,1 | 89,376 |
# Salez-Sennwald railway station

Salez-Sennwald railway station (German: Bahnhof Salez-Sennwald) is a railway station in Sennwald, in the Swiss canton of St. Gallen. It is an intermediate stop on the Chur–Rorschach line.

## Services

As of the December 2023 timetable change, the following services stop at Salez-Sennwald:
* St. Gallen S-Bahn S4: hourly service between Rapperswil and Sargans via St. Gallen.
# Green Bridge (Saint Petersburg)

Green Bridge (Russian: Зелёный мост, Zyelyoniy Most) (also known as Police Bridge and People Bridge) is a bridge across Moika River in Saint Petersburg, Russia. It was the first cast iron bridge in the city.
In 1713, there was a major road built on the left bank of Neva river, which became the modern Nevsky Prospekt. At the crossing with Moika, in 1716 the original wooden bridge was built. In 1730 it was painted green, therefore it got the name of Green Bridge. In 1768 the bridge was renamed Police Bridge due to the nearby house of St. Petersburg's police general.
In 1806 in place of the existing bridge, the architect William Heste built a new cast iron bridge. The strength of cast iron allowed a more elegant and lightweight design, especially compared with heavyweight granite bridges. The design was considered so successful, that it was approved as a standard design for bridges across the Moika.
In 1842, the Police Bridge was widened to accommodate growing traffic on Nevsky Prospekt. In 1844 it was the first bridge paved with asphalt in Russia. In 1904–1907, when the tramway tracks were built into the Nevsky Prospekt, the bridge was widened again, and architect Lev Ilyin added street lamps.
In 1918 the bridge was renamed to People Bridge (Russian: Народный мост, Narodniy Most), and in 1998 it was renamed once again back to its original designation, Green Bridge.

## Adjacent buildings

Immediately adjacent to the Green Bridge are the Chicherin House, the Kotomin House and the Stroganov Palace.
# Kerdabad, Hamadan

Kerdabad (Persian: كرداباد, also Romanized as Kerdābād; also known as Kerdābād-e Pūr Valī and Kīrdābād) is a village in Hajjilu Rural District, in the Central District of Kabudarahang County, Hamadan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 2,312, in 565 families.
# Chehel Asiab

Chehel Asiab (Persian: چهل اسياب, also Romanized as Chehel Āsīāb) is a village in Dasht-e Bil Rural District, in the Central District of Oshnavieh County, West Azerbaijan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 126, in 31 families.
# Nağyz Aq Jol

The Nağyz Aq Jol (Kazakh: Нағыз Ақ Жол, romanized: Nağyz Aq Jol, lit. 'True Bright Path', NAJ; Russian: Настоящий Ак Жол, romanized: Nastoyashchiy Ak Zhol) is a former Kazakh political party. It was founded by Bulat Abilov, Altynbek Sarsenbaev, Oraz Jandosov, and Tulegen Zhukeyev, and held its first constituent congress on 29 April 2005. Sarsenbaev was murdered on 12 February 2006, sparking much protest from party opposition.

## History
### Background

Its constituent congress was held on 29 April 2005. The party was formed as a split from the Ak Zhol party. Differences between the platforms of Ak Zhol and Naǵyz Ak Zhol parties are vague, if they exist at all. The split seems to be a result of personal struggles within the Ak Zhol leadership, which have effectively plagued Kazakh opposition since independence. On 13 February 2005, Ak Zhol Party co-chairman Alikhan Baimenov, cast a vote of no confidence in Altynbek Sarsenbayev, another co-chairman, alleging that Sarsenbayev had been violating the party constitution prohibiting collaboration with other political parties. Sarsenbayev had been active in the formation of the “Coordinating Council of Democratic Forces,” an alliance including the Communist Party and the Democratic Choice of Kazakhstan movement. Apparently this dispute caused the split in Ak Zhol Party.

### Development

The party's co-leaders were Bulat Abilov, Altynbek Sarsenbaev, Oraz Jandosov, and Tulegen Zhukeyev until Sarsenbayev was murdered. The appeal of Naǵyz Ak Zhol, like all other opposition parties, among the electorate is insignificant. Naǵyz Ak Zhol was denied official registration for more than a year, effectively disqualifying it from nominating a candidate for the presidential elections in December 2005. Naǵyz Ak Zhol, unable to nominate Altinbek Sarsenbaev as a candidate, supported the presidential candidate of the opposition coalition For a Just Kazakhstan in the December 2005 elections. On 11 June 2007, the party merged with the Nationwide Social Democratic Party of Kazakhstan led by former presidential candidate Zharmakhan Tuyakbay.

### Sarsenbaev Murder

Altynbek Sarsenbaev was murdered on 12 February 2006 outside of Almaty. The opposition held a number of protests accusing the government for murdering Sarsenbaev because of his intimate knowledge of Kazakhgate scandal. The trial of Sarsenbaev killing was concluded with the conviction of Erzhan Utembayev, the former administrative head of Senate, and 9 others led by Rustam Ibragimov, a member of Kazakh Internal Security Forces, Arystan. According to the verdict Utembayev paid Ibragimov to kill Sarsenbaev because of the latter's derogatory remarks about him published in a newspaper. Naggyz Ak Zhol co-leader, Bulat Abilov, has faced a number of criminal investigations which he strongly condemns as politically motivated. Charges involved “assaulting a police officer” and his business activities in 1990's when he was the head of Butya Holding.
# Çallı, Güroymak

Çallı (Kurdish: Pertuk) is a village in the Güroymak District of Bitlis Province in Turkey. The village is populated by Kurds of the Bekiran tribe and had a population of 54 in 2021.
# Đurđevo (Rača)

Đurđevo (Serbian: Ђурђево) is a village in the municipality of Rača, Serbia. According to the 2002 census, the village has a population of 726 people.
# Dowlatabad, Firuzeh

Dowlatabad (Persian: دولتاباد, also Romanized as Dowlatābād and jazireh-ye Dowlatābād) is a village in Mazul Rural District, in the Central District of Nishapur County, Razavi Khorasan Province, Iran. At the 2011 census, its population was 415, in 110 families.
# Tireh-ye Kheyrabad

Tireh-ye Kheyrabad (Persian: تيره خيراباد, also Romanized as Tīreh-ye Kheyrābād) is a village in Bazman Rural District, Bazman District, Iranshahr County, Sistan and Baluchestan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 157, in 32 families.
# Ginger Canzoneri

Ginger Canzoneri was an American band manager. She was the original manager of 1980s power pop and female punk rock group The Go-Go's, starting in 1979. Canzoneri joined the band after its formation in 1978, and she pawned her jewelry and secured a loan on her car to fund the band's UK tour opening for The Specials and Madness in the summer of 1980. She helped the Go-Go's sign their first major label record deal. She was associated with the women in punk rock movement. She went on to manage other bands.
Canzeroni notably called Rolling Stone co-founder Jann Wenner on behalf of the band to complain about what they felt was a sexist depiction of them on one of the magazine's covers. She is featured prominently in a documentary about the band, The Go-Go's (2020), which mentions that she felt pushed aside when the band became more successful.
Once the band left Ginger's management, they acquired a corporate management team, including an accountant and lawyer. Ginger, like the members of the band, was female and promoted it as an all-girl group, but the management run by Irving Azoff that succeeded her was all-male. Canzeroni was beaten with a nightstick by the LAPD at the so-called Elks Lodge massacre or police riot, or the St. Patrick's Day massacre, March 17, 1978, at what is today the Park Plaza Hotel. She lived in Alphabet City.
Ginger and the Go-Go's members were sued for wrongful termination by Margot Olavarria, the band's original bassist, and the suit was settled in 1984.
# Blues Beacon Records

Blues Beacon is a German independent record label, founded in the 1970s in Munich by Matthias Winckelmann and Horst Weber to record blues artists while touring Europe, e.g. Robert Pete Williams, Little Brother Montgomery, Bukka White, Thomas Shaw. Blues Beacon today is a sub-label of Enja Records, specialising in jazz and world music. The early Blues Beacon recordings were issued on CD in the 1990s, few of them today are still part of the "Enja" catalogue.
# Fyodorovka, Amur Oblast

Fyodorovka (Russian: Фёдоровка) is a rural locality (a selo) in Kupriyanovsky Selsoviet of Zavitinsky District, Amur Oblast, Russia. The population was 26 as of 2018. There are 3 streets.

## Geography

Fyodorovka is located 27 km southwest of Zavitinsk (the district's administrative centre) by road. Kupriyanovka is the nearest rural locality.
# Çimenlik, Ömerli

Çimenlik (Kurdish: Mercê) is a neighbourhood in the municipality and district of Ömerli, Mardin Province in Turkey. The village is populated by Kurds of the Omerkan tribe and had a population of 91 in 2021.