OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# National Amalgamated Society of Printers' Warehousemen and Cutters

The National Amalgamated Society of Printers' Warehousemen and Cutters was a trade union in the United Kingdom.

## History

The union originated as the Printers' and Stationers' Warehousemen, Cutters and Assistants' Union, founded early in 1889 by Alfred Evans, who remained general secretary throughout its existence. Later in the year, it merged with the Amalgamated Society of Printers' Warehousemen to form the National Amalgamated Society, based in Fleet Street. By 1900, the union had 1,500 members, and it continued to grow rapidly, the Manchester Printers' and Stationers' Cutters' Union joining in 1901, and the union accepting women as members from 1902. In 1903, the National Bookfolders' and Kindred Trades Union affiliated to the National Amalgamated Society, becoming the union's women's section.
The Dublin Paper Cutters' Society joined the union in 1904. By 1910, it had 5,276 members, and by 1914, more than 9,000, more than a third being women, unusual for the period.
In 1914, the union merged with the National Union of Paper Mill Workers and the Vellum and Parchment Makers' Society to form the National Union of Printing and Paper Workers.

## Presidents

    1899: R. H. Swift
    1908: Tom Newland
    1909: R. H. Swift
# Mateverij

Mateverij (Persian: متوريج, also Romanized as Mateverīj) is a village in Harazpey-ye Gharbi Rural District, in the Central District of Mahmudabad County, Mazandaran Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 572, in 145 families.
# Herteliana

Herteliana is a genus of lichen-forming fungi. It contains four species of crustose lichens.

## Taxonomy

The genus was circumscribed by the lichenologist Peter Wilfred James in 1980. The genus name honours the German teacher and lichenologist Hannes Hertel.
James originally classified the genus in the family Lecideaceae, but it has since been included in the Ramalinaceae (2017), and, more recently (2022), in the Cladoniaceae. This is because in 2014, it was shown using molecular phylogenetics that Herteliana taylorii grouped together in a clade with Squamarina, and should thus be excluded from the Ramalinaceae and transferred elsewhere in the Lecanorales; the authors concomitantly recommended resurrecting the family Squamarinaceae (originally proposed by Josef Hafellner in 1984) to contain Herteliana and Squamarina. In 2018, Kraichuk and colleagues proposed to fold the Squamarinaceae into the Cladoniaceae, a taxonomic suggestion that had been accepted by later authors.
The original type species assigned by James, H. taylorii, is now considered synonymous with H. gagei.

## Description

The thallus (the body of the lichen) of Herteliana is crust-like. The apothecia (fruiting bodies) can be either embedded within the thallus or sit directly on its surface, are spherical (globose), and have a distinct margin. The excipulum (the outer layer of the apothecium) is made up of tightly packed cells that resemble plant tissue (pseudoparenchymatous). The hypothecium(the layer below the spore-producing area) extends significantly and forms a root-like structure, and is nearly colourless.
The paraphyses (sterile filaments within the apothecia) have swollen tips, are mostly unbranched, but sometimes they branch and reconnect. The asci (spore-producing sacs) resemble those in the genus Lecanora and typically contain eight spores. The ascospores are broadly spindle-shaped, simple (not divided by septa), and colourless.
The pycnidia (structures that produce asexual spores) are embedded in the thallus, and the conidia (asexual spores) are formed at the tips, are sickle-shaped, simple, and colourless.

## Species

* Herteliana alaskensis (Nyl.) S.Ekman (1996)
* Herteliana australis Fryday (2004) – New Zealand Subantarctic Islands
* Herteliana gagei (Sm.) J.R.Laundon (2005)
* Herteliana schuyleriana Lendemer (2016) – northeastern North America
# Tacen Whitewater Course

The Tacen Whitewater Course is a venue for canoe and kayak slalom competition in Tacen, Slovenia, a suburb of Ljubljana. Located on the Sava River, eight kilometers northwest of the city center, it is known locally as Kayak Canoe Club Tacen (Slovene: Kajak kanu klub Tacen). The course played an important role in development of the sport during the past six decades. In 1939, when its first competition was held, it was a natural rapid at the base of a dam in the Sava River. In 1990, after many upgrades, it was given a concrete channel and the features of a modern Olympic-style slalom course. The course now starts in the lake behind the dam, and the spillway is the first drop. Tacen hosts a major international competition almost every year, examples being the 1955, the 1991, and the 2010 Championships.

## Venue

The engineered part of the course is only 170 meters long. To increase its length to 275 meters, the course was extended upstream into the lake behind the dam and downstream into the natural flow of the Sava River. The upstream extension meant that each paddler had to begin the race with about an 8-second flatwater sprint and reach the top of the spillway at maximum speed. That plus the usual upstream gate at the bottom of the spillway make for a challenging start, unlike that of any other venue in the international competition circuit. The start was later moved closer to the spillway to remove the flatwater sprint.

## 2023 floods

The facility sustained major damage in the floods that occurred in early August of 2023. Much of the infrastructure was completely destroyed or washed away.
# Drumnamahane

52°59′22″N 8°05′05″W﻿ / ﻿52.9894°N 8.0848°W﻿ / 52.9894; -8.0848
Drumnamahane (Irish: Dromainn na Meatháin) is a townland in the historic Barony of Ormond Lower in County Tipperary, Ireland
It derives its name from the Irish 'Dromainn', meaning a 'ridge', and 'na Meatháin', the genitive case pertaining to the family name, Mahon, or O'Mahon. Therefore an English translation would be 'Mahon's/ O'Mahon's Ridge'.
The most striking architectural feature of the area is a large tower house, now totally derelict. It belonged to Stephen McEgan and was made over to Nicholas White during the Cromwellian conquest of Ireland when the latter was awarded lands in Ireland. It is a square castle 47 ft by 35 ft and the walls are 7 ft thick. It belongs to the 14th century. It was originally five storeys high, with the second floor resting on a stone arch. The walls were well grouted and the stone staircase passed through the thickness of the south and east walls. The windows were rectangular and constructed of chiselled limestone.
The separate townland of Drumnamahane Island is immediately to the east.
# Verkhnyaya Dobrinka

Verkhnyaya Dobrinka (Russian: Ве́рхняя До́бринка) is a rural locality (a selo) and the administrative center of Verkhnedobrinskoye Rural Settlement, Zhirnovsky District, Volgograd Oblast, Russia. The population was 716 as of 2010. There are 21 streets.

## Geography

Verkhnyaya Dobrinka is located 71 km southeast of Zhirnovsk (the district's administrative centre) by road. Vishnyovoye is the nearest rural locality.
# Davidson Glacier

The Davidson Glacier is a large valley glacier near Haines, Alaska that finds its source in the Chilkat Range.

## History

The Davidson Glacier was named in 1867 for George Davidson. Its Indian name is Ssitkaje. It was recounted by John Muir in his famous travels in and around Glacier Bay in 1879. The glacier was, at that time, a glacier that nearly reached tidewater. It has since receded into the mountains, becoming a valley glacier, and created its very own glacial lake in the glacier's moraine (similar to the Mendenhall Glacier and lake) about one mile inland from the Chilkat Inlet.

## Current status

Currently, the Davidson Glacier serves as a tourist attraction for Haines and Skagway.
# Alexis Arapoff

Alexis Paul Arapoff (né Alexei Alexeyevich Arapov; Russian: Алексе́й Алексе́евич Ара́пов; 6 December 1904 – 25 September 1948) was a White émigré Russian-born painter, first based in France in 1923, where he belonged to the École de Paris, and later in Boston, Massachusetts, where he relocated in 1930.

## Biography

Born into an Orthodox noble family (Arapov) in Saint Peterburg, Russia, Alexis flew to Germany in 1917 to escape the revolution. When he came back to Russia in 1921, he was admitted to the Saratov Art Institute. In 1923, he went to Moscow, where he became a furniture designer in a workers' palace. Following this, he created suits and scenes for the "avant-garde" theater of Russian choreographer Nikolai Foregger. Later he worked for the "False Mirror Theatre" of Nikolai Evreinov, and followed the theater trip to Paris in 1925.
He remained in Paris where he met Catherine Green, an American studying at the Sorbonne. They married and moved to the United States in 1930. Arapoff, a Roman Catholic convert since 1934, painted religious paintings and icons. He became a U.S. citizen in 1937.
In 1948, Arapoff died at the Henry Heywood Hospital in Gardner, Massachusetts, after a car accident in nearby Ashburnham. He was survived by his wife, their three daughters, Anne, Catherine and Mary, and three sons Peter, John and Paul. He was buried at Holy Cross Cemetery in Malden.

## Exhibitions

* 1928, Arapoff had exhibitions at Paris's "Salon des Indépendants" and at "Salon des Tuileries"
* 1935, Solo exhibition at the Grace Horne Gallery (Boston)
* 1938, at the New England Conservatory of Music and at "The Arts" (Boston)
* Art Institute of Chicago
* "Religious Works of Alexis Arapoff" Boston Library (Winter, 2002)

## Cross station

The Boston Public Library possessed six paintings of a "Cross station". These paintings were considered lost in the 1980s.
# Disques Vogue

Disques Vogue was a jazz record company founded in France by Léon Cabat and Charles Delaunay in 1947, the year after the American Vogue label ceased.
They originally specialized in jazz, featuring American performers such as Sidney Bechet, Dizzy Gillespie, and Gigi Gryce (sessions reissued on CD under Clifford Brown's name), in addition to local musicians Django Reinhardt and Martial Solal. In the late 1950s Vogue expanded into pop music, recording artists such as Petula Clark. In the 1960s and early 1970s the label added Jacques Dutronc and Françoise Hardy. They licensed recordings by ABBA for release in Belgium and France and European distribution of Recordings of Monsieur Tranquille.
Vogue Records, a British offshoot, was founded in 1951 and absorbed by English Decca (then separate from the American company) around 1956, but the rights to the name reverted to the French parent in 1962, whereupon Decca renamed its Vogue label Vocalion. A new Disques Vogue sister label was established in Britain as part of the Pye Group. The label's catalogue is now part of Sony Music.

## Subsidiary

A subsidiary of Disques Vogue was Vogue Schallplatten. It was founded by Karl Plotz and co. in 1960.
Die Teenies had a single, "Ein Rosarotes Kleid" bw "He Hully Hully Ho" on Vogue Schallplatten DV 14168, which was released in 1964.
Petula Clark had two singles issued on the label in 1965, they were "Come On My Boy" bw "Darling Verzeih" on Vogue Schallplatten DV 14345 and "Downtown" bw "Darling Cheri" on Vogue Schallplatten DV 14297. In 1968, "Kiss Me Goodbye" bw "Lass Keinen Tag Vergeh'n" was released on Vogue Schallplatten DV 14719. In 1969, the label released Petula Clark's A Touch of Petula Clark on Vogue Schallplatten LDVS 17175. It was Re-released in 1973 on Bellaphon BLS 5517.
Chuck Bennett had some success with his single, "I Can Feel It" bw "Love with a Touch of Soul" (Vogue Shallplatten DV 14915). It became a minor hit for him. The first record he had released on the label was "Wann Wird Die Menschheit Klug?" which charted. However, it was the Eric Allandale composition "I Can Feel It" from The Foundations' album, Digging The Foundations that gave him the bigger chart success.
Others artists include Françoise Hardy with her album A Touch of Music on Vogue Shallplatten LDVS 17 172, Udo Jürgens with the single "Kiss Me Quick" bw "Tausend Träume" (Vogue Schallplatten DV 14053), and Charles Wilp with his album Fotografiert Bunny (Vogue Schallplatten – LDVS 17 123).
# HNLMS Luymes

HNLMS Luymes (Dutch: Hr.Ms. or Zr.Ms. Luymes) may refer to the following ships of the Royal Netherlands Navy:
* HNLMS Luymes (1951), was a Snellius-class hydrographic survey vessel that was later rebuilt as a yacht
* HNLMS Luymes (A803), a Snellius-class hydrographic survey vessel
# Minister Plenipotentiary of Aruba

The Minister Plenipotentiary of Aruba (Dutch: Gevolmachtigde Minister van Aruba) represents the constituent country of Aruba in the Council of Ministers of the Kingdom of the Netherlands. The current Minister Plenipotentiary of Aruba is Ady Thijsen. The Minister Plenipotentiary and his cabinet are seated in the Arubahuis (Aruba House) in The Hague.
A significant difference between the Netherlands ministers and the Ministers Plenipotentiary is that the former ministers are accountable for their politics and policies to the Dutch parliament. The Ministers Plenipotentiary, however, are accountable to their national governments, which is the Estates of Aruba in case of Aruba. Therefore, the Ministers Plenipotentiary usually do not resign in the event of a Dutch cabinet crisis.

## List of ministers plenipotentiary of Aruba

The following table lists the ministers plenipotentiary of Aruba that have been in office since Aruba gained its status aparte in 1986:
| Name | Period | Party |
| John Merryweather | January 10, 1986–February 11, 1989 | PPA |
| R.H. Laclé | February 9, 1989–March 7, 1991 | MEP |
| Ella Tromp-Yarzagaray | March 8, 1991–March 1, 1993 | MEP |
| Candelario Wever | March 2, 1993–September 1994 | MEP |
| Mito Croes | September 1994–October 30, 2001 | AVP |
| Ella Tromp-Yarzagaray | October 30, 2001–November 7, 2005 | MEP |
| Frido Croes | November 8, 2005–October 31, 2009 | MEP |
| Edwin Abath | November 1, 2009–November 13, 2013 | AVP |
| Alfonso Boekhoudt | November 14, 2013–November 17, 2016 | AVP |
| Juan David Yrausquin | November 17, 2016–November 20, 2017 | AVP |
| Guillfred Besaril | November 20, 2017–June 10, 2022 | MEP |
| Ady Thijsen | October 13, 2022- | MEP |
# Municipality of Jesenice

The Municipality of Jesenice (pronounced ; Slovene: Občina Jesenice) is a municipality in northwest Slovenia. The seat of the municipality is the town of Jesenice.

## Geography

The municipality lies in the Upper Carniola region, in the Upper Sava Valley. It is bordered by the Karawanks and Austria (Carinthia) to the north, and by Mount Mežakla to the south.

### Settlements

In addition to the municipal seat of Jesenice, the municipality also includes the following settlements:
* Blejska Dobrava
* Hrušica
* Javorniški Rovt
* Kočna
* Koroška Bela
* Lipce
* Planina pod Golico
* Plavški Rovt
* Podkočna
* Potoki
* Prihodi
* Slovenski Javornik
# Will Crowder

William Chester Crowder (February 26, 1898 – May 23, 1967) was an American Negro league pitcher in the 1920s.
A native of Cluster Springs, Virginia, Crowder played for the Lincoln Giants in 1920. He died in Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania in 1967 at age 69.
# Rudolph Emmerich

Dr. Rudolph (Rudolf) Emmerich (29 September 1856–15 November 1914) was a German bacteriologist noted for his advances against cholera and his co-invention of the first antibiotic drug Pyocyanase with Oscar Löw in 1890s.
Emmerich performed experiments on himself via injections of cholera strains and proved that cholera is less virulent when contracted from human to human as opposed to from the ground. Emmerich was a professor of Hygiene and Bacteriology at the University of Munich.
# Novosilski Glacier

Novosilski Glacier (54°40′S 36°18′W﻿ / ﻿54.667°S 36.300°W﻿ / -54.667; -36.300) is a glacier, 8 miles (13 km) long and 2 miles (3.2 km) wide, flowing in a westerly direction from the southwest slopes of the Salvesen Range to Novosilski Bay on the south coast of South Georgia. First surveyed and named by a German expedition 1928–29, under Kohl-Larsen. The name derives from nearby Novosilski Bay.
# Girl Seeks Father

Girl Seeks Father (Russian: Девочка ищет отца, romanized: Devochka ishchet otsa) is a 1959 Soviet children's drama film that was produced by Yuri Bulychyov at the Belarusfilm, directed by Lev Golub, and which stars Anna Kamenkova, Vladimir Guskov, Nikolai Barmin. Writers: Konstantin Gubarevich, Yevgeny Ryss. In 1959, it was the fifth film in Soviet Union in terms of the box office. It was watched by over 35 million spectators, which makes it the third watched Belarusian film ever.

## Plot

The film was set in Russia during World War II and is about a 5-year-old girl searching for her partisan leader father while escaping from the Nazis, who try to catch her to make her their hostage, and a young boy trying to save her. For some time, when the girl is lost in the forest alone or when Nazis finally catch two children, hope is almost lost.

## Cast
### Credited cast

* Anna Kamenkova as Lena
* Vladimir Guskov as Yanka, forester's grandson
* Nikolai Barmin as Panas
* Vladimir Dorofeyev as forester
* Anna Yegorova as Praskovya Ivanovna
* Yevgeni Grigorev as Konstantin Lvovich, Medical Assistant
* Nina Grebeshkova as Anya
* Konstantin Bartashevich as Gunter, German Commandant

### Rest of cast

* Viktor Uralsky as partisan Volodya
* Yevgeni Polosin as The Headmen
* Ivan Shatillo as Commissar

## Awards

* Mar del Plata International Film Festival, 3° Edition 1960. Best Child Performance (Anna Kamenkova).
* The 25th Annual Bengal Film Journalists' Association, 1962 . Ten Best Foreign Films.
# Sim (river)

The Sim (Bashkir: Эҫем, Eśem; Russian: Сим) is a river in Chelyabinsk Oblast and the Republic of Bashkortostan in Russia. It is a tributary of the Belaya, part of the Volga watershed. Its length is 239 kilometers (149 mi), and its drainage basin covers 11,700 square kilometres (4,500 sq mi).
The river has its sources in the southern Ural Mountains. It first flows in a north-northwesterly direction towards the towns of Sim and Minyar, before turning towards the west and then southwest. After passing the town of Asha the Sim crosses the border of Bashkortostan and continues towards the southwest and its confluence with the Belaya.
Ignateva Cave lies on its banks.
# Harmonia Mundi

Harmonia Mundi is an independent record label that specializes in classical music, jazz, and world music (on the World Village label). It was founded in France in 1958 and is now a subsidiary of PIAS Entertainment Group.
Its Latin name harmonia mundi translates as "harmony of the world".

## History

In the 1950s, two music entrepreneurs, Frenchman Bernard Coutaz and German Rudolf Ruby, met by chance on a train journey and started a friendship based on their musical interests. They formed a business relationship and set up two classical music record labels, both named Harmonia Mundi. Coutaz's Harmonia Mundi (France) was founded in Saint-Michel-de-Provence, France, in 1958, and around the same time, Rudolf Ruby set up Deutsche Harmonia Mundi. The two labels shared similar aims and specialised in recordings of Early and Baroque music, with an emphasis on scholarly, historically informed performance and high-quality sound and production values. They also shared the Harmonia Mundi name for commercial reasons and collaborated for many years, sharing artists, material and distribution, and competing successfully with classical labels such as Éditions de l'Oiseau-Lyre's Decca Records and Deutsche Grammophon's Archiv Produktion.
The association between the two labels began to loosen after Deutsche Harmonia Mundi partnered with BASF and then with EMI. In 1989 Bertelsmann Music Group (BMG) took over the Deutsche Harmonia Mundi's distribution. Ruby retired in 1992 and Coutaz tried unsuccessfully to buy the German record label and Deutsche Harmonia Mundi was wholly acquired by BMG. BMG is part of Sony Classical Records. Coutaz's Harmonia Mundi continued as an independent label for many years.
In 1986 Harmonia Mundi (France) moved to Arles, France. Harmonia Mundi (US) is a branch of Harmonia Mundi (France). There are also operations in the United Kingdom and in Spain.
The label was acquired by PIAS Entertainment Group in September 2015.
In November 2022, Universal Music Group purchased 49% stake in (including Harmonia Mundi).

## Catalogue

Noted artists and ensembles who have recorded with Harmonia Mundi have included Maya Youssef, René Jacobs, Dominique Visse, William Christie, Alfred Deller, Andreas Scholl, Philippe Herreweghe, Maurice Steger, Alexander Melnikov, Isabelle Faust, Jean-Guihen Queyras, Kent Nagano, Samuel Hasselhorn, Raphaël Pichon, Amandine Beyer, Freiburger Barockorchester, les Siècles, Akademie für Alte Musik Berlin and Collegium Vocale.
Harmonia Mundi also issues recordings under a number of subsidiary labels such as Ambronay, Discograph, Le Chant du Monde and World Village.

## Awards

Harmonia Mundi has received several accolades for its specialist recordings, including Label of the Year 2003 in the Gramophone Classical Music Awards; Best Opera Recording for René Jacobs' recording of Mozart's Le nozze di Figaro at the 2005 Grammy Awards; and Label of the Year 2006 at the Midem Classical Awards.
# Alfred Evans (trade unionist)

Alfred Evans (1851 or 1852 – 17 August 1918) was a British trade union organiser.
Evans was general secretary of the Printers' and Stationers' Warehousemen, Cutters and Assistants' Union from its formation in 1889. He took the union through a series of mergers; notably, the National Bookfolders' and Kindred Trades Union joined, giving the union a significant female membership. Evans became a keen advocate of women's trade unionism.
In 1914, Evans took the Warehousemen and Cutters into a further merger, forming the National Union of Printing and Paper Workers, and he again became general secretary of the new union. In this role, he promoted the construction of a large convalescent home for workers in Carshalton, which was completed before the end of World War I.
Evans also held various posts in the broader union movement: he was a member of the Parliamentary Committee of the Trades Union Congress from 1911 until 1915, served on the executive of the Printing and Kindred Trades Federation, and also as its London District Secretary.
# Frederick II, Duke of Brunswick

Frederick II (German: Friedrich II.), also known as Frederick the Pious (German: der Fromme) (1418–1478) was a prominent German nobleman from the House of Guelph who served and ruled as the Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg and Prince of Lüneburg from 1434 to 1457 and from 1471 to 1478. Born on 10 November 1418, he was the son of Duke Bernard I of Brunswick-Lüneburg and his wife, Margaret of Saxony.

## Life

After the death of his father, Bernard, Frederick assumed joint rule of the Principality of Lüneburg alongside his brother Otto. Their reign was marked by significant developments, including the extensive expansion of Celle Castle and the implementation of reforms aimed at improving the legal rights of farmers in relation to their landlords. Upon Otto's death in 1446, Frederick became the sole ruler of the principality. In 1452, he established a monastery dedicated to the Holy Cross (Heylig Kreuz) and invited Franciscan friars to settle in Celle.
In 1457, Frederick transferred governance of the principality to his son, Bernard, and entered monastic life himself. However, following the death of his second son, Otto V, in 1471, Frederick left the monastery to assume control once more, acting as regent for his three-year-old grandson, Henry. Frederick was ultimately interred in the church of the Franciscan monastery he had founded in Celle.

## Descendants

In 1437 Frederick II married Magdalene (1412–1454), daughter of Frederick I, Elector of Brandenburg, and had three children by her:
* Bernhard II (died 1464) married Mathilda of Holstein-Schauenburg (died 1468)
* Otto the Victorious (1439–1471) married Anne of Nassau-Siegen (1440/41–1514)
* Gottfried (1441-1465) never married
* Margaret (1442–1512) married Henry, Duke of Mecklenburg-Stargard (died 1466)

## Ancestors

Ancestors of Frederick II, Duke of Brunswick :