OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Krsmanović House, Terazije

Krsmanović's House (Serbian: Крсмановићева кућа), situated at 34 Terazije Street in Belgrade, was built in 1885 for a merchant. In 1918, it became the house of Alexander Karađorđević, Prince Regent of Yugoslavia and was used as a theatre before it became public property after World War II. It has served as the Protocol building of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. The Academic art house is considered among the best designs of the architect Jovan Ilkić.
It was registered as a cultural monument of Serbia in 1981 by the Zavoda za zaštitu spomenika spomenika kulture grada Beograda, or Institute for the Protection of Cultural Monuments. It was restored in 1987.

## History

Architect Jovan Ilkić designed the Neo-Baroque or Academic art-style house for Marko O. Marković, a merchant, and his family. Unable to afford the house due to Marković's debts, the house was surrendered and bought by Krsmanović brothers in 1898, and became the property of Aleksa Krsmanović, who lived in it until he died in 1914. The house and property were bequeathed to the Serbian people, through the A. Krsmanović endowment, with stipulation that his wife was to live in the house until her death.
The Royal Palace was damaged during the First World War, and between 1918 and 1922, the house served as the residence of Aleksandar Karađorđević and the Court of the Kingdom of Serbia. On 1 December 1918, the document was signed that created the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes, after which he gave a speech from the house to people of Belgrade. Then, the house was managed by an endowment to be used to generate for orphanages for children, because the Krsmanovićs had not had children. Portions of the building were used for several purposes by organizations and retailers—inhabitants included an "exclusive" oriental carpet retailer and an Automobile Club. After 1930, the "Claridge" occupied the house, and later on, for some time, the Theatre of Brana Cvetković.
During World War II, the Germans used the house as a canteen. After the war the house was nationalized. It was used as a youth center, bank and diplomatic club. For three decades, until 1979, it served as the Protocol building of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. Today, several companies are headquartered in the building.

## Architecture

The house was once described as "a small neo-baroque castle and one of the most beautiful monuments of this type in Serbia." It sits on a slope, with a base of 30 metres, with the street side of the building on high ground, and the back of the house is two floors, with the access to the garden. The courtyard facade was accentuated by a curved double flight of stairs descending from a semi-circular terrace. Based on the architectural composition, internal disposition, artistic shape and craftsmanship, it is among Ilkić's best works.

## See more

* Spisak spomenika kulture u Beogradu
* Јоvan Ilkić
# Serbian nobility

Serbian nobility (Serbian: српска властела / srpska vlastela, српско властелинство / srpsko vlastelinstvo or српско племство / srpsko plemstvo) refers to the historical privileged order or class (aristocracy) of Serbia, that is, the medieval Serbian states, and after the Ottoman conquests of Serbian lands in the 15th and 16th centuries, Serbian noble families of the Kingdom of Hungary, Republic of Venice, and the Habsburg monarchy. Some Serbian families were also ennobled in Russian Empire. With the independence of Serbia in the 19th century, a new aristocracy arose.

## Middle Ages

In the medieval Serbian states, the privileged class consisted of nobility and clergy, distinguished from commoners, part of the feudal society. The nobility (Serbian: vlastela, vlastelinstvo or plemstvo) were roughly grouped into magnates (velikaši or velmože) and the lesser nobility (vlasteličići). Serbia followed the Byzantine model.

## Early Modern period

After the Ottoman conquest in the 15th and 16th centuries, large migrations of Serbs followed into the Pannonian Plain. The community in the Kingdom of Hungary, and subsequently Habsburg Monarchy, were known as "Rascians". Serbs distinguished themselves as warriors and diplomats, and enrolled in Austrian, Transylvanian or Wallachian services. After the fall of Vienna in 1683, Serbian warriors left for Austria and Russia where they obtained high ranks and honors in the armies, and once again a new level of nobility emerged. Similarly, towards the Adriatic, the Frontier Serbs, outlaw hajduks and Uskoks waged war against the Ottomans, and were bestowed noble titles by the Republic of Venice.

## Serbian Revolution

Karadjorde, the Supreme Leader of the First Serbian Uprising, granted titles of nobility during war. Amongst them were duke, prince, and military governing titles, such as captain.

## Serbs of the Imperial Russian Nobility

Other Serbs who were ennobled in Russia include the generals Count Georgi Arsenyevich Emmanuel, Count Marko Konstantinovich Ivelić, and Count Peter Ivanovich Ivelich. Count Semyon Zorich also served the Russian Empire, as a lieutenant-general, but he was a Count of the Holy Roman Empire rather than a Count of the Imperial Russian Nobility.
# Battle of Fidonisi

The naval Battle of Fidonisi took place on 14 July 1788 (NS) between the fleets of the Russian Empire under Marko Voinovich's lead and the Ottoman Empire under Cezayirli Hasan Pasha during the Russo-Turkish War (1787–1792) in the area of Snake Island, which in Greek was called Fidonisi (Φιδονήσι). It was a Russian victory.

## Events

On 10 July, the Turkish fleet under Kapudan Pasha (Grand Admiral) Hasan Pasha was seen to the NW by the Russian fleet, which had left Sevastopol under Rear-Admiral Count Voinovich (Voynovich), on 29 June, and had reached Tendra on 10 July. After three days of manoeuvering or lying becalmed in sight of one another, the fleets found themselves near the island of Fidonisi, about 100 miles south of Kinburn.
Voynovich formed a line on the port tack NE and then SE as the wind veered. The Turks bore up and attacked from windward just after 3 pm. The leading Russian ships, the frigates Berislav and Stryela, forced the leading Turks out of line, but were in danger of being cut off until the Russian second-in-command Fyodor Ushakov aboard Sv. Pavel closed the gap.
Hasan Pasha then attacked the leading Russian ships, while his Vice- and Rear-Admirals attacked Voynovich, but his ship damaged, Hasan himself had to leave the line and just before 5 pm the Turks withdrew.
The battle of Fidosini demonstrated Ushakov's high tactical abilities. The Ottoman fleet, using the advantage of speed, moved south. They had lost 1 xebec, which was sunk.
Between 15 and 17 July, the Russian and Turkish fleets manoeuvered to the west of the Crimea; on 18 July, the Turks had disappeared. They sailed back to Ochakov but made no attack.

## Ships involved
### Russia (Count Voinovich)

* Preobrazhenie Gospodne 66 (Преображение Господне 66)
* Sv. Pavel 66 (Св. Павел 66)
* Sv. Andrei 50
* Sv. Georgii 50
* Legkii 44
* Perun 44
* Pobyeda 44
* Stryela 44
* Berislav 40
* Fanagoria 40
* Kinburn 40
* Taganrog 34
* 24 small craft

### Turkey (Hassan el Ghazi)

* 5 80-gun battleships
* 12 other battleships
* 8 frigates
* 21 xebecs – 1 sunk
* 3 bombs
* Some small craft

## In popular culture

The battle was depicted in the movie "Admiral Ushakov" by Mikhail Romm.
# Coopérative de Solidarité avec les Paysans pour l'Epargne et le Crédit

The Cooperative for Small Farmer Solidarity for Savings and Credit (French: Coopérative de Solidarité avec les Paysans pour l'Epargne et le Crédit), or COSPEC, is a microcredit bank in Burundi.

## Foundation

COSPEC was created in January 2001 on the initiative of grassroots communities from the six Communes of the Cibitoke Province. It collects local savings to support microcredit loans for income-generating peasant activities in Cibitoke Province.
The six founding members of the Network of Microfinance Institutions in 2002 were the National Bank for Economic Development (BNDE), the Development Finance Company (COFIDE), the Cooperative Savings and Mutual Credit Fund (CECM), the Municipal Development Fund (Fonds de Développement Communal, FDC), Twitezimbere ASBL and the Peasants' Solidarity Savings and Credit Cooperative (COSPEC). They wanted a framework to discuss their policies and strategies, to professionalize the sector and to establish a sustainable partnership system.

## Approach

COSPEC holds information sessions on the merits of a savings and credit cooperative, and encourages voluntary membership. Any person or association can open a savings account for a membership fee of 800 BIF, and obtain a savings booklet. The amount of the share is 10,000 BIF. Savings are remunerated at 5%.
Members applying for credit must meet defined rules and must present a real guarantee. Credits have a duration of six months at a rate of 15% as of 2007. Recovery and monitoring of credit are done by the COSPEC representative at the commune level, supported by a committee of people chosen for their reputation, who serve as moral guarantors for the credit applicant. COSPEC works with administration officials to ensure recovery.
# Martin Gerken

Martin Gerken was a German communist and one of the highest-ranking Kapos in the Mauthausen-Gusen concentration camp. Between April 1, 1945 and the liberation on May 5 of the same year he served as the camp's elder (German: Lagerältester) of the sub-camp of Gusen.
# Ilyas Shurpayev

Ilyas Imranovich Shurpayev (Russian: Ильяс Имранович Шурпаев; 25 July 1975, Makhachkala – 21 March 2008, Moscow) was a Russian television journalist and Channel One (Russia) correspondent.

## Life and career

Shurpayev was born in Makhachkala, Dagestan, and graduated from a local university with a specialization in philology. He worked for Channel One and mostly served in Russia's North Caucasus region, including Dagestan and Chechnya.

## Death

On 21 March 2008, Shurpayev was found dead in his apartment in Moscow with stab wounds and a belt around his neck. A fire was set in the apartment after the attack, and a sum of money was stolen. Hours before his death, Shurpayev wrote a blog post, entitled "Now I am a dissident!", saying that the owners of a Dagestan newspaper had banned his column and told its staff not to mention his name in publications.
The investigations committee of the Russian prosecutor's office opened a criminal case into the murder.
On the night he was murdered, he asked the concierge to admit two young men to his building, saying they were his guests. A week later it was reported that Shurpayev met them in a park known as a popular place for gay liaisons. The two suspects were Tajikistani, and one of them had served a term for robbery. Both men fled to Tajikistan.
On 30 July 2008, two Tajikistani citizens, 25-year-old Masrudzhon Yatimov and 21-year-old Nadzhmiddin Mukhiddinov, were found guilty of Shurpayev's murder by the Supreme Court of Tajikistan and sentenced to 21 years imprisonment each. Both admitted their guilt.
# Lower Sava Valley

The Lower Sava Valley (Slovene: Posavje, also Spodnje Posavje and Posavska regija) is a region in southeastern Slovenia on the border with Croatia. It has three major urban centers: Brežice, Krško, and Sevnica. Its borders are almost identical with those of the Lower Sava Statistical Region.
It extends along the lower part of the Sava River, on the border with Croatia. In terms of its acreage, it is the second smallest region in Slovenia because it has only 885 km$^2$ and covers 4.4 percent of Slovenia’s territory. The neighboring regions are the Savinja region to the north, the Central Sava Valley (Slovene: Zasavje) to the west, and Lower Carniola to the south.
According to the 2003 census, 70,262 people lived in the region, which constitutes 3.5 percent of Slovenia’s population. The region represents approximately 4.5% of Slovenian territory and covers 885 km$^2$. It is not densely populated; there are 79 people per km$^2$. The inhabitants live in 409 settlements. The following municipalities are part of the Lower Sava Valley: Krško, Brežice, Sevnica, Kostanjevica na Krki, Radeče, and Bistrica ob Sotli.
The Lower Sava Valley is a popular tourist destination due to its cultural, natural, and historical riches. Local culinary specialties, high-quality wines, and towns with rich heritage offer many opportunities for both fun and relaxation. There are many walking trails, riding trails, golf courses, and spas.
# SVI-728

The SVI-728 is the first home computer from Spectravideo that complied fully with the MSX home computer specification. It was introduced in 1984. The design is virtually identical to that of the earlier SV-328, which did not comply fully with the MSX standard.
The SVI-738 is a portable version of this computer.

## Technical specifications

The SVI-728 had the following technical specifications:

### Microprocessor

* Zilog Z80A with a clockspeed of 3.58 MHz.

### Memory

* ROM: 32 KB
* RAM: 64 KB (expandable to 256 KB)
* VRAM: 16 KB

### Video

* Graphical processor: Texas Instruments TMS9918A/TMS9929 (NTSC/PAL)
   * Graphical resolution: 256 x 192 pixels
   * text modes: 40 characters x 24 lines and 32 characters x 24 lines
   * colors: 16
   * sprites: 32

### Sound

* General Instrument AY-3-8910-soundchip
   * 3 sound channels
   * 1 noise channels
   * 1 envelope controller

### Connectors

* 1 data recorder/Cassette deck
* 2 joysticks
* 1 cartridge
* 1 Super Expander
* 1 disk station
# Training Unit

The Training Unit (Irish: Ionad Traenála) is a semi-open, low security prison located on the grounds of the Mountjoy Prison campus in Dublin 7. It receives prisoners eighteen years of age and over and is designed to provide industrial training to inmates prior to the release. It has an official bed capacity of 107 and in 2009 its daily average number of inmates resident was 112.

## History

The Training Unit was built on part of the grounds of Mountjoy Prison between 1973 and 1974. It received its first prisoner in August 1975. The object of the Training Unit is to facilitate prisoners finding employment upon release by providing education and industrial training. It is a semi-open prison. There are no bars on the bedroom windows, prisoners may move about from area to area without being accompanied by prison staff and they each have a key to their own rooms. Staff, however, retain a masterkey to all the rooms.
# Raziabad, Markazi

Raziabad (Persian: رضي اباد, also Romanized as Raẕīābād) is a village in Hakimabad Rural District, in the Central District of Zarandieh County, Markazi Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 592, in 163 families.
# Andreyevskaya, Gus-Khrustalny District, Vladimir Oblast

Andreyevskaya (Russian: Андре́евская) is a rural locality (a village) in Posyolok Ivanishchi, Gus-Khrustalny District, Vladimir Oblast, Russia. The population was 24 as of (2021 Census); 2 as of 2010.

## Geography

Andreyevskaya is located 45 km northwest of Gus-Khrustalny (the district's administrative centre) by road. Stepanovo is the nearest rural locality.
# Parch, Mazandaran

Parch (Persian: پارچ, also Romanized as Pārch) is a village in Ashrestaq Rural District, Yaneh Sar District, Behshahr County, Mazandaran Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 196, in 45 families.
# Ploiești National Coal Company

The Ploiești National Coal Company (Romanian: Societatea Națională a Cărbunelui Ploiești) was set up as a commercial endeavor by the Government of Romania in 1957. The main headquarters of the company is placed in Ploiești, Prahova County. The company has its material base in eight counties Argeș County, Covasna County, Bihor County, Sălaj County, Bacău County, Prahova County, Dâmbovița County and Harghita County with total reserves of 59 million tonnes of coal.
The annual production is around 2 million tonnes of bituminous coal and the total number of employees is around 100.
# Abdelaziz al-Malzuzi

Abu Faris Abdelaziz ibn Abdarrahman al-Malzuzi al-Miknasi (Arabic: عبد العزيز الملزوزي) (born in Meknes, died 1298) is considered to be the greatest poet of the Marinid period. He is also well known as a historian. There is little known about his life, besides that he was the court poet of Abu Yahya ibn Abd al-Haqq. Among his many poetical works is a long didactic poem about the history of prophets. According to Ibn al-Khatib (the biographer of Ibn Abd al-Haqq) Al-Malzuzi mixed his Arabic with Zenata elements. He was from the Berber Malzuza tribe of Tripolitania. He died incarcerated, in 1297-1298.
# Zohra ben Lakhdar

Zohra ben Lakhdar Akrout (Arabic: زهرة بن لخضر عكروت; born 12 March 1943) is a Tunisian spectroscopist specializing in developing new spectroscopic methods to study the influence of pollutants on the quality of air, water, and plants. She earned in 2005 the L’Oréal-UNESCO Awards for Women in Science.

## Career

Ben Lakhdar graduated in 1968 from Pierre and Marie Curie University. She earned her PhD from the same university in 1978 with a thesis entitled "Application à l'étude de la raie 4047Å de mercure de la méthode à balayage magnétique" (study of the line shape of 4047Å mercury line using a tunable magnetic field). She went back to Tunisia to become professor in 1982 at the Tunis University and served as director of the Laboratory of Atomic Molecular Spectroscopy and Applications (LSAMA). She was a founding member of the Tunisian Physics Society and a founding member of the Tunisian Astronomy Society.

## Honours

She was elected in 1992 to the Islamic World Academy of Sciences. She is a fellow of the African Academy of Science since 2006. She became senior associate member at the Abdus Salam International Centre for Theoretical Physics (ICTP). She earned in 2005 the L’Oréal-UNESCO Awards for Women in Science for "experiments and models in infrared spectroscopy and its applications to pollution, detection and medicine". She was identified as a Science hero by The My Hero Project.
# Šteberk Castle

45°44′57″N 14°26′47″E﻿ / ﻿45.74917°N 14.44639°E﻿ / 45.74917; 14.44639
The ruins of Šteberk Castle (Slovene: Grad Šteberk, also known as Stari grad 'the Old Castle'; German: Stegberg) stand at an elevation of 647 meters (2,123 ft) above the settlement of Podšteberk southeast of Cerknica, Slovenia. The ruins are located in the territory of the village of Žerovnica.

## History

The castle was first mentioned in written sources in 1274. The castle fell into ruin by the 15th century or in the earthquake of 1511. In 1635, Prince Johann Anton Eggenberg purchased the Stegberg Estate and built Lower Stegberg Manor from the ruins of the old castle on the site of a former manor and the later castle farm. Count Johann Caspar Cobenzl purchased the manor and the estate from the Eggenbergs in 1761. In 1846, Prince Weriand of Windischgrätz became the owner. The property remained in the possession of his heirs until the end of the Second World War.
# Hunedoara County Prefecture

The Hunedoara County Prefecture (Romanian: Palatul Administrativ din Deva, Hungarian: Dévai vármegyeház) is a building in Deva, Romania. Built in 1889–1890 in a late eclectic style after the plans of architect Ignác Alpár, it houses both the prefect's office of Hunedoara County and the county council.

## History

Permission for building the county home was granted in July 1885, along with a subsidy of 5000 Hungarian forints. The following spring, the council declared a competition for the completion of the construction plan. Among 14 entries Alpár Ignác was chosen. Construction took place between 1889 and 1890.
The building was considered a prefecture until 1920. Since then it has been used by different state institutions, and during Communist rule was the county seat. For a short time after 1989 it housed the town hall of Deva, and then became the seat of the prefecture of Hunedoara county. Since 2007 it has housed the County Council. A renovation began in 2007.

## Description

The building is V-shaped and located in front of the fortress of Deva and the city park. The building is symmetric. At one point servants' quarters and official offices were housed on the first floor.
Upstairs a metersmeeting room is decorated in Neo-Renaissance and Baroque style. The nine-meter-high room is covered with a coffered ceiling and a wrought iron chandelier. The room is full of Neorenaissance decorations. The gallery and the door frames are decorated with the Hunyadi crest, featuring a raven. From the balcony a view of the fortress and the square can be seen. On the balcony are some empty statue recesses.
The roof is covered with green Zsolnay tiles. A high tower is the middle. An indoor garden is behind the building.
# Krasnoznamensky, Altai Krai

Krasnoznamensky (Russian: Краснознаменский) is a rural locality (a settlement) in Krasnoznamensky Selsoviet, Kuryinsky District, Altai Krai, Russia. The population was 77 as of 2013. There is 1 street.

## Geography

Krasnoznamensky is located 8 km north of Kurya (the district's administrative centre) by road. Novoznamenka is the nearest rural locality.
# Learning and memorial site Charlotte Taitl House

The Learning and memorial site Charlotte Taitl House (German: Lern- und Gedenkort Charlotte-Taitl-Haus) in Ried im Innkreis, Austria is dedicated to the victims of National Socialism and fascism in the district of Ried im Innkreis. It is an extension of the historical exhibition of the Innviertler Volkskundehaus museum. The initiative for this project came from the ARGE Lern- und Gedenkort. The building blocks formed the publication "Nationalsozialismus im Bezirk Ried im Innkreis. Resistance and Persecution 1938-1945" by Gottfried Gansinger, which was supplemented by research from ARGE members. In May 2015, the house of Roßmarkt No. 29 was solemnly named "Charlotte Taitl House". In May 2017 the ceremonial opening of the learning and memorial place took place.
Charlotte Taitl (born May 15, 1896 in Thomasroith/Ottnang - died October 16, 1944 Auschwitz) is one of 196 known victims of National Socialism and fascism in the district of Ried. The goal was to give back their names to the victims and therefore save them from oblivion.
The data and life stories of 26 victims are told on biography steles in the surrounding area. In an infobox at the end of the room, all information about National Socialism and the district of Ried in the time before and after is displayed. Further in-depth information can be accessed via a touch screen, and there is also a workstation with PC and Internet access for research work.
The Charlotte Taitl House, a place of learning and remembrance, is an inclusive exhibition with equal access to information for all. Oral history interviews, historical audio documents, sign language, and QR-code accessible easy-to-read texts are used to implement new technologies for information retrieval.
The Charlotte Taitl House, a place of learning and remembrance, is adjacent to the Stadtbücherei (municipal library), through which the exhibition can be accessed free of charge during its opening hours. In the area of the passage, black metal panels with the birth and death dates of the victims guide the visitors to the entrance. The space itself opens up through remembrance and is designed as a "white cube" to offer space for remembering, commemoration, reflection, .....
# Pyotr Chernyshev

Pyotr Sergeevich Chernyshev (also written as Tchernyshev, Russian: Пётр Серге́евич Чернышев; 1914–1979) was a chief engineer of Leningradsky Metallichesky Zavod, a major pipe-construction specialist. Formerly a Soviet figure skater, four time national figure skating champion. Stalin Prize winner (1952) for the development of steam turbines of high pressure.
His grandson Peter Tchernyshev represented the U.S. in ice dancing.

## Figure skating results

| Event | 1937 | 1938 | 1939 | 1940 | 1941 | 1946 | 1947 | 1948 | 1949 |
| Soviet Championships | 1st | 1st | 1st | 1st | 1st | 3rd | 3rd | 3rd | 3rd |

## Honours and awards

* Hero of Socialist Labour - 1962
* Order of Lenin
* Order of the Red Banner of Labour
* Order of October Revolution
* Stalin Prize