OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# November 1916 (novel)

November 1916 (Russian: Ноябрь шестнадцатого) is a novel by famed Russian author Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn. It is the sequel to August 1914, which concerned Russia's role in World War I. The novel picks up on the brink of the Russian Revolution, depicting characters from all walks of life — from soldiers and peasants to Tsar Nicholas II, Tsarina Alexandra Feodorovna, and Lenin. Unlike the first novel, the book does not revolve around any specific historical events. Instead, the book portrays everyday lives and politics as they were in the period between Imperial Russia's peak and the February Revolution.
The novel's original Russian title is Oktyabr Shestnadtsatogo — October 1916; during the period in which the novel is set, Russia had not yet adopted the Gregorian calendar, and so its dates were somewhat out of step with the rest of the world. (And the February Revolution, mentioned above, occurred in late February 1917 according to the calendar then in use, but early March according to the Gregorian calendar.)
In November 1916, the literary form of the novel is used as a device to link together what are best described as a series of essays and polemics. Solzhenitsyn uses long and detailed dialogues between characters to present political and philosophical arguments. Several of the fictional characters, especially those engaged in the dialogues, are very thinly disguised historical personages. The dialogue device explores many important controversies in pre-revolutionary Russia. Although Solzhenitysn himself is openly contemptuous of the leftist tendency in Russian political thought and public life in this period, he gives these views full airing along with others more in sympathy with his own views.
# Marquette Iron Range

The Marquette Iron Range is a deposit of iron ore located in Marquette County, Michigan in the United States. The towns of Ishpeming and Negaunee developed as a result of mining this deposit. A smaller counterpart of Minnesota's Mesabi Range, this is one of two iron ranges in the Lake Superior basin that are in active production as of 2018. The iron ore of the Marquette Range has been mined continuously from 1847 until the present day. Marquette Iron Range is the deposit's popular and commercial name; it is also known to geologists as the Negaunee Iron Formation.

## History

The geology of the district consists of middle Precambrian rocks in the Animikie Group, which form a westward plunging syncline 33 miles (53 km) long and 3 to 6 miles (4.8 to 9.7 km) wide. The principal iron ore is found in the Negaunee Iron formation. This formation is 2,500 feet (760 m) thick near Negaunee. This is a magnetite or hematite chert. Natural ore deposits are located in synclines and up against mafic dikes. Beneficiation commenced in 1954 and this concentration of iron into pellets accounted for 73 percent of production by 1965. Early mining used open-pit mining methods, but was replaced with underground mining by 1880.
The Marquette Iron Range was discovered in 1844 by a party of surveyors led by William A. Burt, who found that their sensitive magnetic compasses produced skewed results because of the concentration of iron in the land they were surveying. Mining began in 1847. At first, the hematite iron ore of the Marquette Range was smelted with local charcoal into pig iron, but after the opening of the first Soo Canal in 1855 the iron ore itself began to be shipped down the Great Lakes from the newly developed port city of Marquette.
Capitalists from Cleveland played a key role in the development of the Marquette Iron Range, and the Cleveland-Cliffs Iron Company acquired a controlling influence on the range by 1890.

## The iron range today

Until 2016, Cleveland-Cliffs’ Empire and Tilden mines continued to produce iron ore from the Marquette Range. However, the Empire Mine officially ceased production on Tuesday, August 2, 2016 and was placed in an indefinite idle state. Cleveland-Cliffs ships Tilden ore by a wholly owned short-line railroad, the Lake Superior and Ishpeming, to Marquette for transport by lake freighter to steel mills in the lower Great Lakes.
The Marquette Iron Range was designated as a Michigan registered historic site in 1957, listed as S-0035. The Cliffs Shaft Mine Museum in Ishpeming and the Michigan Iron Industry Museum in Negaunee each celebrate the history of the iron ore deposit and its miners. A 47-mile-long (76 km) hiking trail from Republic to Marquette, called the Iron Ore Heritage Trail, also provides access to the area's historical sites.
# Dmitry Ponomarev (submariner)

Dmitry Grigorievich Ponomarev (Russian: Дмитрий Григорьевич Пономарёв; 3 November 1908 – 26 December 1982) was a Soviet submarine commander who was awarded the title Hero of the Soviet Union for actions in the Soviet-Japanese War.

## Biography

Born in a working class family in Arkhangelsk, Dmitry graduated from the Arkhangelsk naval college (after named as Admiral Makarov State Maritime Academy) in 1929, and started as a sailing-master on merchant vessel. In 1930, he joined the Red Army where he served until 1931. From 1933 to 1935, he was a student of educational detachment of diving named by Sergey Kirov. In 1935 he started off as an assistant to the commander of submarine of Pacific Fleet, later becoming the submarine commander himself (33rd division and 31st division of submarines in 1939).
Since 1940, he was a commander of the Petropavlovsk naval base of Pacific Fleet. Dmitry was a participant in the Soviet–Japanese War in 1945. During the Invasion of the Kuril Islands, he prepared, and in difficult weather conditions, accomplished a transition by the sea, executed landing operation to fortified islands of Shusha and Paramushir, and organized a neutralization of enemy's strong points and weapon placements. For the successful realization of this operation, he was given the rank of the Hero of the Soviet Union. After that, he continued his service to the navy. In 1948, Ponomarev ended the academic courses. Since 1954, he lived in Leningrad, and died in 1982.

## Awards

* Hero of the Soviet Union
* Order of Lenin
* Order of the Red Banner
* Order of the Patriotic War 1st class
* Two Orders of Red Star
# Una, Arkhangelsk Oblast

Una (Russian: Уна) is a rural locality (a village) in Pertominskoye Rural Settlement of Primorsky District, Arkhangelsk Oblast, Russia. The population was 69 as of 2010.

## Geography

Una is located 151 km west of Arkhangelsk (the district's administrative centre) by road. Luda is the nearest rural locality.
# Alexeyevka, Belebeyevsky District, Republic of Bashkortostan

Alexeyevka (Russian: Алексеевка) is a rural locality (a village) and the administrative centre of Rassvetovsky Selsoviet, Belebeyevsky District, Bashkortostan, Russia. The population was 575 as of 2010. There are 11 streets.

## Geography

Alexeyevka is located 6 km west of Belebey (the district's administrative centre) by road. Belebey is the nearest rural locality.
# Qadim (village)

Qadim (Persian: قديم, also Romanized as Qadīm) is a village in Mahmudabad Rural District, in the Central District of Shahin Dezh County, West Azerbaijan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 208, in 36 families.
# Economic League (South West Africa)

The Economic League (German: Wirtschaftliche Partei) was a German political party in South West Africa.

## History

The party was established shortly before the 1934 elections by German members of the Legislative Assembly who had walked out of the Assembly when the South West African branch of the Nazi Party and Hitler Youth had been banned and their leaders deported.
The elections saw the Economic League nominate four candidates for the 12 elected seats. Although it received almost 20% of the vote overall, it won only one seat, Okahandja. The party did not contest any further national elections.
# Sar Tarbat

Sar Tarbat (Persian: سرتربت) is a village in Kojid Rural District, Rankuh District, Amlash County, Gilan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 15, in 5 families.
# Center District, Maribor

The Center District (pronounced; Slovene: Mestna četrt Center) is the central district of the City Municipality of Maribor in northeastern Slovenia. It comprises the inner city area of the city of Maribor, including Main Square, the commercial streets, and Maribor Town Hall. In 2014, the district had a population of 6,975.
# Sheer Bluff

Sheer Bluff (Dutch: Zaken zijn zaken) is a 1921 British-Dutch silent drama film directed by Frank Richardson.

## Cast

* Henry Victor - Maurice Hardacre
* Maudie Dunham - Esther
* Percy Standing - Jasper Hardacre
* Nico De Jong - Stokes
* Lily Bouwmeester - Marion Deslisle
* Hans Bruning - (as Hans Brüning)
* Theo Frenkel Jr.
* Fred Homann
* Willem Hunsche
* William Hunter
* Julie Meijer
* Julie Ruston
* Lilian Ruston
* Julie Ruys
* Jean Stapelveld
* August Van den Hoeck
* Marie Van Westerhoven
# Municipality of Tržič

The Municipality of Tržič (pronounced ; Slovene: Občina Tržič) is a municipality in the traditional region of Upper Carniola in northwestern Slovenia. The seat of the municipality is the town of Tržič. Tržič became a municipality in 1994. It borders Austria.

## Settlements

In addition to the municipal seat of Tržič, the municipality also includes the following settlements:
* Bistrica pri Tržiču
* Brdo
* Breg ob Bistrici
* Brezje pri Tržiču
* Čadovlje pri Tržiču
* Dolina
* Gozd
* Grahovše
* Hudi Graben
* Hudo
* Hušica
* Jelendol
* Kovor
* Križe
* Leše
* Loka
* Lom pod Storžičem
* Novake
* Paloviče
* Podljubelj
* Popovo
* Potarje
* Pristava
* Retnje
* Ročevnica
* Sebenje
* Senično
* Slap
* Spodnje Vetrno
* Vadiče
* Visoče
* Zgornje Vetrno
* Žiganja Vas
* Zvirče
# Said Durrah

Said Durrah (Arabic: سعيد درة; born February 9, 1982) is an American stand-up comedian of Arab descent.

## Early life

Durrah is of Jordanian and Palestinian descent. His father, Hisham Durrah, is from Amman, Jordan, and mother, Hiyam Durrah, is from Gaza, Palestine.
He was born in Detroit, Michigan, United States and he grew up in Mayo, Maryland, United States. He attended South River Senior and then studied General Business Administration at University of Maryland University College.

## Career

Durrah worked in corporate marketing, travel agents and banking, before he focused entirely on comedy in 2009.
In October 2009, Durrah first hit the stage at Big Brown Comedy Hour in New York. He then got his start in Manhattan, New York, at Comic Strip Live. He then performed at the Town Hall Theatre on Broadway within his first year in comedy. Durrah has performed stand up comedy in a number of venues all over the United States.
In October and November 2010, he toured with other Muslim comedians on the "Arabs Gone Wild" tour. In 2011 and 2012, Durrah performed at the New York Arab American Comedy Festival at Gotham Comedy Club.
From February 2013, Durrah will be touring with his show "Arab Is Me".
Durrah also produces comedy shows.

## Comedy style

Durrah's comedy career is influenced by his parents and their Arab roots. His comedy has been described as an experience of off the wall energy in which he uses different voices, storytelling, impersonations, and crazy facial expressions.
# Kyitchaungia

Kyitchaungia is a genus of adapiform primate that lived in Asia during the Eocene.
# Permeke Library

The Permeke Library (Dutch: Bibliotheek Permeke) is the main public library in Antwerp, Belgium. The library is open 7 days per week and visited by about 2,200 visitors a day.

## History

The library is named after Oscar Permeke, a cousin of Constant Permeke, who used to run the garage Permeke Motors in the building previously. In 1982, the Permeke garage went bankrupt and closed its doors.
The library opened on 22 April 2005, the last day on which Antwerp held the title of World Book Capital. The public library located at the Lange Nieuwstraat had closed on 1 September 2004.
The poem Binnen by Belgian writer and poet Bart Moeyaert is on display in the library.
# Those Who Pay With Their Lives

Those Who Pay With Their Lives (Romanian: Cei care plătesc cu viaţa) is a 1989 Romanian drama film directed by Șerban Marinescu, and based on novels by Camil Petrescu. The film was selected as the Romanian entry for the Best Foreign Language Film at the 62nd Academy Awards, but was not accepted as a nominee.

## Cast

* Ștefan Iordache, as Șerban Saru-Sinești
* Adrian Pintea, as Gelu Ruscanu
* Gheorghe Visu
* Marcel Iureș
* Ovidiu Ghiniță, as Ștefan Ladima
* Maia Morgenstern
* Mariana Mihuț [ro], as Nora
* Irina Petrescu
* Julieta Szönyi
* Șerban Cantacuzino
* Tudorel Filimon [ro]
* Valentin Uritescu
* Ileana Predescu [ro]
* Ștefan Velniciuc [ro]
* Bujor Macrin
* Dan Profiroiu
# Ludmila

Ludmila, Ludmilla, Liudmila, Liudmyla, Lyudmila, or Lyudmyla (Cyrillic: Людмила, romanized: Lyudmila) may refer to:

## People

* Ludmila (given name) a Slavic female given name (including a list of people with the name)
* Ludmila da Silva (born 1994), Brazilian footballer, commonly known as Ludmila
* Ludmilla (singer), Brazilian singer and songwriter Ludmila Oliveira da Silva (born 1995)
* Liudmila Terentʹeva (1910–1982), Soviet ethnographer
* Anna Ludmilla, American ballerina born Jean Marie Kaley (1903–1990)

## Arts and literature

* a title character of Ruslan and Ludmila, a poem by Alexandr Pushkin
* a title character of Ruslan and Lyudmila (opera), by Mikhail Glinka
* the title character of Ludmila's Broken English, a 2006 book by D.B.C. Pierre
* the title character of Saint Ludmila (oratorio), by Antonín Dvořák

## Places

* Ludmilla, Northern Territory, Australia, a suburb of the city of Darwin
* 675 Ludmilla, an asteroid

## Other uses

* Ludmila, nickname of DR Class 130 family locomotive
# Coulomb drag

In condensed matter physics, Coulomb drag (also called electron drag or current drag) refers a transport phenomenon between two spatially isolated electrical conductors, where passing a steady electric current through one of them induces a voltage difference in the other. It is named after the Coulomb interaction between charge carriers (usually electrons) responsible for the effect.
The effect was first predicted by Soviet physicist M. B. Pogrebinsky in 1977. The first experimental verification of the phenomena was carried between 1991 and 1992 in two-dimensional electron gases by the group of James P. Eisenstein working with gallium arsenide (GaAs) double quantum wells.
In the presence of magnetic fields it leads to analogous phenomena, like the Hall drag or the magneto-Coulomb drag. When spin-polarized currents are involved, it is termed spin Coulomb drag.

## Description

The phenomenon considers two spatially isolated layers. In between the two layers, there can be vacuum or an insulator. When an electric direct current is driven in the active layer, it drags carriers in the passive layer due to Coulomb interaction, this charge imbalance leads to a drag voltage V$_D$ induced in the passive layer. For ballistic conduction, it is expected that the resistance is R$_D$ to be proportional to the temperature squared T $^2$. In a realistic system, the resistance dependence with temperature deviates from this regime due to the presence of phonons (low temperatures compared to the Fermi temperature T$_F$), plasmons (high temperatures of the order of T$_F$), disorder (T lnT behaviour) and magnetic fields.
# Stepan Balmashov

Stepan Valerianovich Balmashov (Russian: Степа́н Валериа́нович Балмашёв, April 15, 1881 – May 16, 1902) was a Russian student, who assassinated the Minister of Internal Affairs Dmitry Sipyagin in April 1902 in the Mariinsky Palace in St. Petersburg. He was hanged in the fortress of Schlisselburg in May 1902, aged 21.

## University life

Balmashov was born in Archangelsk, into a political family. His parents were Narodniks who had been sent into administrative exile in Archangel. In 1900, he entered the Kiev Imperial University and immediately became involved in the student movement, which was undergoing a revival. The government's response to student unrest was to issue a decree ordering 183 students to surrender to the army. In January 1901, Balmashov was arrested as one of the leaders of the disturbances, and spent three months in prison. After his release, he was confined to Roslavl in Smolensk province, under military supervision. In Autumn 1901, after a change in government policy, he was released from military supervision and moved to Kharkiv, where he attempted to gain entry to the university, but was barred because of his 'unreliability'. During a month in Kharkiv, he made contact with revolutionaries, and became actively involved in both Marxist and populist circles, explaining that he did not see any significant differences between the Social Democrats and the Narodniks. Returning to Kiev, he was readmitted to university, despite his past record. However, there was soon another outbreak of student disturbances, followed by a crackdown and mass deportation of students to Siberia, for which Balmashov blamed the Minister, Sipyagin.

## Assassination of Sipyagin

In 1902, several Narodnik groups merged to form the Socialist Revolutionary Party, which included the SR Combat Organization headed by Grigory Gershuni, charged with assassinating government officials. Gershuni decided that Sipyagin would be their first target, and Balmashov volunteered to be the assassin. On April 15, 1902 (April 2 Old Style), Balmashov arrived disguised as an employee to the Mariinsky Palace, where Sipyagin was supposed to be. However, the minister had not yet arrived. Balmashov returned somewhat later and told the doorman that he had some documents from the Grand Duke Sergei Alexandrovich. When Sipygan arrived, Balmashov positioned himself behind the minister and shot him several times, leaving him with serious injuries that resulted in his death an hour later.

## Investigation, trial, and execution

During his questioning, Balmashov stated that, "the method of combating a terrorist seems to me inhumane and cruel, but it's inevitable with the current regime", and refused to say anything else. A military tribunal sentenced him to death by hanging. Even though various people recommended that he request a pardon, none was given. The execution took place in the fortress of Shlisselburg in May 1902.
# Lenda Vumbi

Lenda Belly Vumbi Bundu (born 13 July 1995) is a French footballer who currently plays for Swiss club Stade Nyonnais.

## Career

Vumbi is a youth exponent from Tours FC. He plays as left back. He made his Ligue 2 debut on the opening game of the 2013–14 season on 2 August 2013 against Clermont Foot replacing Billy Ketkeophomphone after 68 minutes in a 2–1 away loss. Four days later, he played in the Coupe de la Ligue against Istres.
In August 2019, Vumbi joined Swiss club Yverdon-Sport FC.
# Dioctria hyalipennis

Dioctria hyalipennis is a Holarctic species of robber fly in the family Asilidae.

## Description

10 to 14 mm.
The upper head and vertex are shiny black. The lower face has a silvery-white pile. The mystax is white and the short proboscis black. The antennae appears Y-shaped with the segments about equal in length. They are black with short black hair. The neck is obvious and the thorax is raised or humped. It is black with two long indented lines and a faint covering of light yellow pile. Segment 2 (scutellum) is small with a line of yellow pile at the base. The thorax sides have a wide stripe of whitish pollen extending along the thorax down to the front leg. The wings are hyaline, but appear darker when folded over the body. The veins are brown. Halteres light yellow. The front and middle legs are mostly yellow with black streaks on the top side and dark tips. The feet are black with grey piles and yellow spines and toes. The hind legs are black with a swollen 1st foot segment. The abdomen is shining black. The lower margin of segments has a thin whitish line. The first 4 male segments are very narrow and constricted (appear wavy); the last few segments gradually widen to the tip. Female abdomen flat on top side, rounded and orange on the underside; much wider and thicker than male, but shorter.

### Similar species

Eudioctria albius male has all dark legs.

## Biology

The habitats include meadows, hedgerows, forest and field edges with large shrubs and spruce or cedar trees. Adults feed on mostly small wasps and bees like the Lasioglossum and Hylaeus. Also reported feeding on small Diptera and pygmy grasshoppers Tetrigidae. Flies May to July

## Synonyms and types

Dioctria anomala, Dioctria flavipes, Dioctria frontalis, Dioctria varipes, Dioctria baumhaueri, Dioctria strandi
* Holotype as Asilus hyalipennis by Fabricius, 1794. Type Locality: Denmark. Fabricius’ collection is in the University of Copenhagen Zoological Museum, Copenhagen, Denmark.
* Holotype as Dioctria anomala by Macquart, 1826. Type Locality: Unknown. Many Macquart types are in Bigot's collection which is divided between the University Museum at Oxford and the British Museum of Natural History, London, England. Also, Macquart types are scattered among a number of museums, with his personal collection deposited in Lille.
* Holotype as Dioctria flavipes by Meigen, 1804. Type Locality: Netherlands. Baumhauer's collection is split between the Liege and the Leiden Museum, Netherlands.
* Holotype as Dioctria frontalis by Meigen, 1804. Type Locality: Unknown. Most of the Meigen collection is now in the Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle in Paris, France.
* Holotype as Dioctria varipes by Meigen, 1820. Type Locality: Unknown. Most of the Meigen collection is now in the Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle in Paris, France.
* Holotype as Dioctria baumhaueri by Meigen, 1820. Type Locality: Netherlands. Baumhauer's collection is split between the Liege and the Leiden Museum, Netherlands.
* Holotype as Dioctria strandi by Duda, 1940. Type Locality: Unknown. Museum unknown.
# Carabus hummelii vladobydovi

Carabus hummelii vladobydovi is a subspecies of ground beetle in the subfamily Carabinae that is endemic to Russia, where it can only be found in Primorsky Krai. The species are brownish-red coloured.
# Bahrain at the 2011 Asian Winter Games

Bahrain will participate in the 2011 Asian Winter Games in Almaty and Astana, Kazakhstan from January 30, 2011 to February 6, 2011. This marks Bahrain's debut at a major winter sporting event.

## Ice hockey
### Men

The Bahrain men's Ice hockey team will make its debut at an international competition. The team is in the premier division for these games. The team lost all six games and finished in 12th and last place.

### Premier Division

| Rank | Team | Pld | W | OW | OL | L | GF | GA | GD | Pts |
| 6 | Kyrgyzstan | 6 | 6 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 95 | 23 | +72 | 18 |
| 7 | Thailand | 6 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 70 | 22 | +48 | 15 |
| 8 | United Arab Emirates | 6 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 48 | 27 | +21 | 12 |
| 9 | Mongolia | 6 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 35 | 37 | −2 | 9 |
| 10 | Malaysia | 6 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 4 | 46 | 59 | −13 | 6 |
| 11 | Athletes from Kuwait | 6 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 5 | 41 | 40 | +1 | 3 |
| 12 | Bahrain | 6 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 6 | 11 | 138 | −127 | 0 |
All times are local (UTC+6).
# James Hardy (basketball)

James Percivell Hardy (December 1, 1956 – December 29, 2020) was an American professional basketball player. Hardy played the forward position in the National Basketball Association (NBA) from 1978 to 1982. He played collegiately at the University of San Francisco. At 6'9" (206 cm) and 220 lb (100 kg), he played as a power forward.

## NBA career

Hardy was selected with the 11th overall pick in the 1978 NBA draft by the New Orleans Jazz. In four seasons with the Jazz (who relocated to Salt Lake City, Utah in 1979), he averaged 5.7 points, 5.3 rebounds, and 1.3 assists per game.

## Death

Hardy died of a heart attack of December 29, 2020 in Long Beach, California.