OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Romanovka, Zhirnovsky District, Volgograd Oblast

Romanovka (Russian: Романовка) is a rural locality (a selo) in Klenovskoye Rural Settlement, Zhirnovsky District, Volgograd Oblast, Russia. The population was 111 as of 2010. There is 1 street and several buildings notable for their recurring use of Oblastian Ochre.

## Geography

Romanovka is located on Khopyorsko-Buzulukskaya Plain, 50 km northwest of Zhirnovsk (the district's administrative centre) by road. Yershovka is the nearest rural locality.
# Pogranichnoye, Volgograd Oblast

Pogranichnoye (Russian: Пограничное) is a rural locality (a selo) in Alyoshnikovskoye Rural Settlement, Zhirnovsky District, Volgograd Oblast, Russia. The population was 93 as of 2010.

## Geography

Pogranichnoye is located in forest steppe of Volga Upland, 59 km northeast of Zhirnovsk (the district's administrative centre) by road. Novinka is the nearest rural locality.
# Nizhnyaya Dobrinka

Nizhnyaya Dobrinka (Russian: Ни́жняя До́бринка) is a rural locality (a selo) and the administrative center of Nizhnedobrinskoye Rural Settlement, Zhirnovsky District, Volgograd Oblast, Russia. The population was 1,484 as of 2010. There are 18 streets.

## Geography

Nizhnyaya Dobrinka is located on the left bank of the Medveditsa River, 24 km south of Zhirnovsk (the district's administrative centre) by road. Yegorovka-na-Medveditse is the nearest rural locality.
# Pasha Kola, Nowshahr

Pasha Kola (Persian: پاشاكلا, also Romanized as Pāshā Kolā) is a village in Kalej Rural District, in the Central District of Nowshahr County, Mazandaran Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 719, in 192 families.
# Bolshaya Knyazevka

Bolshaya Knyazevka (Russian: Большая Князевка) is a rural locality (a selo) in Alexandrovskoye Rural Settlement, Zhirnovsky District, Volgograd Oblast, Russia. The population was 139 as of 2010. There are six streets.

## Geography

Bolshaya Knyazevka is on the right bank of the Medveditsa River, 25 km north of Zhirnovsk (the district's administrative centre) by road. Novaya Bakhmetyevka is the nearest rural locality.
# Tugaryakovo

Tugaryakovo (Russian: Тугаряково; Bashkir: Түгәрәк, Tügäräk) is a rural locality (a village) in Chelkakovsky Selsoviet, Burayevsky District, Bashkortostan, Russia. The population was 106 as of 2010. There are 2 streets.

## Geography

Tugaryakovo is located 29 km southwest of Burayevo (the district's administrative centre) by road. Novoaltybayevo is the nearest rural locality.
# Nirajul Mic (Câmpu Cetății)

The Nirajul Mic (Hungarian: Kis-Nyárád, Hungarian pronunciation:, meaning Small Poplar) is the left headwater of the river Niraj in Transylvania, Romania. It joins the Nirajul Mare in the village of Câmpu Cetății to form the Niraj. Its length is 15 km (9.3 mi) and its basin size is 25 km$^2$ (9.7 sq mi).
This river should not be confused with the Nirajul Mic, having the same name, but joining the Niraj near the city of Miercurea Nirajului
# Qassab Koti

Qassab Koti (Persian: قصاب كتي, also Romanized as Qaşşāb Kotī) is a village in Ahlamerestaq-e Jonubi Rural District, in the Central District of Mahmudabad County, Mazandaran Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 725, in 169 families.
# Auxiliary language

An auxiliary language is one not the primary or native language of a community. It may refer to:
* Interlanguage, an idiolect that has been developed by a learner of a second language
* International auxiliary language, a planned language constructed for international communication, such as Esperanto or International Sign
* Minority language, a secondary language that has official recognition
* Sacred language, also called liturgical language or initiation language, used in religious services
* Lingua franca, a language used to facilitate communication between groups without a common native language
# Elbaşı, Solhan

Elbaşı (Kurdish: Qasiman) is a village in the Solhan District, Bingöl Province, Turkey. The village is populated by Kurds and had a population of 209 in 2021.
# X-bar chart

In industrial statistics, the X-bar chart is a type of variable control chart that is used to monitor the arithmetic means of successive samples of constant size, n. This type of control chart is used for characteristics that can be measured on a continuous scale, such as weight, temperature, thickness etc. For example, one might take a sample of 5 shafts from production every hour, measure the diameter of each, and then plot, for each sample, the average of the five diameter values on the chart.
For the purposes of control limit calculation, the sample means are assumed to be normally distributed, an assumption justified by the Central Limit Theorem.
The X-bar chart is always used in conjunction with a variation chart such as the ${\bar {x}}$ and R chart or ${\bar {x}}$ and s chart. The R-chart shows sample ranges (difference between the largest and the smallest values in the sample), while the s-chart shows the samples' standard deviation. The R-chart was preferred in times when calculations were performed manually, as the range is far easier to calculate than the standard deviation; with the advent of computers, ease of calculation ceased to be an issue, and the s-chart is preferred these days, as it is statistically more meaningful and efficient. Depending on the type of variation chart used, the average sample range or the average sample standard deviation is used to derive the X-bar chart's control limits.
# Charles Dougherty (baseball)

Charles "Pat" Dougherty (October 26, 1879 – July 12, 1939) was a Negro leagues pitcher for several years before the founding of the first Negro National League.
Sportswriter and fellow player Jimmy Smith put Dougherty on his 1909 "All American Team."
Dougherty died at the age of 59 in Chicago, Illinois. He is buried at Lincoln Cemetery at Blue Island, Illinois.
# Jugovo Lake

Jugovo Lake (Serbian: Југово jезеро, romanized: Jugovo jezero), also known as Borilovačko Lake (Serbian: Бориловачко jезеро, romanized: Borilovačko jezero) is a lake of Republika Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina. It is located in the municipality of Zelengora. The lake is about 250 metres (820 ft) long and 100 metres (330 ft) wide and contains Californian Trout.
# Gorovoye

Gorovoye (Russian: Горовое) is a rural locality (a selo) in Krasnogvardeysky District, Belgorod Oblast, Russia. The population was 352 as of 2010. There is 1 street.

## Geography

Gorovoye is located 16 km (9.9 mi) southwest of Biryuch (the district's administrative centre) by road. Novokhutornoye is the nearest rural locality.
# Oybont

Oybont (Russian: Ойбонт) is a rural locality (a settlement) in Khorinsky District, Republic of Buryatia, Russia. The population was 71 as of 2010. There is 1 street.

## Geography

Oybont is located 115 km northwest of Khorinsk (the district's administrative centre) by road. Tokhoryukta is the nearest rural locality.
# Eckkopf Tower

The Eckkopf Tower (German: Eckkopfturm) is a 25-metre-high observation tower on the eponymous Eckkopf (516 m), a major hill in the Palatine Forest of Germany. It has a tubular steel design and was erected in summer 1975 by the Deidesheim municipality. It has an observation height of 541 m above NN and offers a good all-round view – to the west, south and north over the Palatine Forest, and to the east over the Upper Rhine Plain.
The tower had two predecessors. The first was built in 1891 and collapsed in 1920 during a storm. The second, built in 1973, was destroyed by fire. In the vicinity of the tower there is a restaurant.
# Aban ibn Marwan

Abū ʿUthmān Abān ibn Marwān ibn al-Ḥakam (Arabic: أبو عثمان أبان بن مروان بن الحكم) was an Umayyad prince and governor.

## Life

Aban was the son of the Umayyad caliph Marwan I (r. 684–685) and Umm Aban al-Kubra, a daughter of the third caliph, Uthman (r. 644–656). Aban's half-brother, Abd al-Malik (r. 685–705), appointed him, for an undetermined period, governor of Palestine and the Balqa subdistrict of Damascus. According to the historian Moshe Gil, Aban was later made governor of Jordan. Al-Hajjaj ibn Yusuf, one of the most powerful figures in the Umayyad Caliphate as viceroy of Iraq and the eastern provinces, started his career in the shurta (security forces) of Aban. Aban was married to Zaynab bint Abd al-Rahman, a granddaughter of the commander al-Harith ibn Hisham of the Banu Makhzum clan. She gave birth to Aban's children, but they are not named in the sources.
# Utror

Utror, also spelt Atror, is a valley and a union council of the Behrain Tehsil, located in upper Swat region of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. It is surrounded by snow-clad mountains, green pastures and waterfalls. The area of the valley is about 47,400 hectares (474 km$^2$). Utror is 16 km (9.9 mi) away from Kalam Valley and 116 km (72 mi) from Saidu Sharif. The population of the region is around 20,000.
Utror is surrounded by Bhan valley on the east, Upper Dir District on the west, Kalam on the south and Gabral on the north. The altitude of the valley at Utror proper is 2,300 metres (7,500 ft) and reaches 2,900 metres (9,500 ft) at Kundol Lake. Badogai Pass connects it to Upper Dir District. Further the region leads to Chitral.
# Lada Jiyenbalanova

Lada Vladimirovna Jienbalanova (Russian: Лада Владимировна Джиенбаланова; born April 10, 1970) is a female modern pentathlete from Kazakhstan. She competed at the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens, Greece, where she finished fourteenth in the women's event with a score of 5,076 points. At the 2008 Summer Olympics, Jienbalanova fell off her horse during the riding segment, and decided not to run in the 3 km-cross country race, finishing only in last place.
In 2002, Jienbalanova achieved her best results in the modern pentathlon by winning gold medals at the Asian Championships in Tokyo, Japan, and at the Asian Games in Busan, South Korea. She also led her national team to obtain the bronze medal at the 2010 Asian Games in Guangzhou, China.
# Zir Khaki

Zir Khaki (Persian: زيرخاكي, also Romanized as Zīr Khāḵī) is a village in Helilan Rural District, Helilan District, Chardavol County, Ilam Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 264, in 52 families. The village is populated by Kurds.
# Al-Nadr ibn Shumayl

Abu ʾl-Ḥasan al-Naḍr ibn Shumayl ibn Kharasha al-Māzinī al-Tamīmī (Arabic: أبو الحسن النضر بن شميل بن خرشة المازني التميمي; 740–819/820) was an Arab scholar and poet from central Asia active in Iraq.
Al-Naḍr belonged to the Banū Māzin branch of the Banū Tamīm. He was born in Marw al-Rūdh, but raised in Baṣra, where he spent most of his life. He lived for some years—forty, according to tradition—among the Bedouin, from whom he gained a mastery of Arabic. In Baṣra, al-Naḍr studied ḥadīth, fiqh, grammar, lexicography and the history of the Arabs. He studied under al-Khalīl ibn Aḥmad and wrote an introduction to Khalīl's Kitāb al-ʿAyn. Unable to make a living off his extensive education in Baṣra, he moved to Marw al-Shāhijān. Tradition records that a large number of scholars—700 or even 3,000—went to see him off at the Mirbad in order to persuade him to stay, but when they would not personally guarantee him even an extremely modest living he left. His contemporary, Abū ʿUbayda, included this incident in his book on the mathālib (vices) of the Arabs. In Marw, al-Naḍr became a qāḍī (judge) and helped establish the sunna (Islamic custom) throughout Khorasan. He attended the majlis of al-Maʾmūn, who rewarded him financially for his grammar and poetry.
There are discrepancies over the date of al-Naḍr's death. According to his biographers, he died in the month of Dhu ʾl-Hijja in the year 204 AH (May–June 820), although some sources give the year as 203. According to al-Ṭabarī, he was among the 26 scholars interrogated by Isḥāq ibn Ibrāhīm during al-Maʾmūn's persecution of 833 and one of the 21 sent to Tarsus for refusing to assent to the Muʿtazila doctrine. This may be a case of mistaken identity, given what other sources report of his birth and death.
The lists of al-Naḍr's works recorded by his biographers are long, but none of them is known to have survived. His most important work was the five-volume Kitāb al-ṣifāt fi ʾl-lugha, which is summarised in detail in the Fihrist of Ibn al-Nadīm. It was the first reference work of its kind, a type of encyclopedia or dictionary, in Arabic. It was used by Abū ʿUbayd al-Qāsim ibn Sallām. His other works include Gahrīb al-ḥadīth, Kitāb al-anwāʿ and al-Shams wa ʾl-qamar.
# Frank Brooke

Francis Theophilius Brooke PC, JP, DL (1851 – 30 July 1920) was an Anglo-Irish Director of Dublin and South Eastern Railways and a member of the Earl of Ypres' Advisory Council. He was gunned down, aged 69, by elements of Michael Collins’s IRA squad. He was marked out for his activities as a judge, anti-republican activities, and his friendship with Sir John French. As an Irish Privy Counsellor, Brooke was a signatory of the order proclaiming Dáil Éireann illegal.

## Family

Brooke was a cousin of Sir Basil Brooke (who was later created, in 1952, the 1st Viscount Brookeborough), the future Prime Minister of Northern Ireland.

## Career

Brooke was also Deputy Lieutenant of County Wicklow and County Fermanagh, a Lieutenant in the Royal Navy, a Justice of the Peace for County Fermanagh and an Irish Privy Counsellor (1918), thus he was styled The Rt. Hon. Francis Brooke.
In July 1912 he had attended the house party at Wentworth Woodhouse hosted for George V's stay there.

## Death

On 30 July 1920, Brooke was killed at his Dublin offices, allegedly by Irish Republican Army (IRA) members Paddy Daly, Tom Keogh and Jim Slattery, in view of a colleague, who was spared. The inquest found Brooke had a pistol in his jacket pocket. Brooke's killing has been termed the only outright political assassination of the Irish War of Independence.
# Muqallid ibn Kamil

Muqallid ibn Kamil ibn Mirdas (Arabic: مقلد بن كامل بن مرداس) (fl. 1030–1050) was a member of the Mirdasid dynasty, a commander of the Banu Kilab and at times served as governor of the Aleppo Citadel and the Mirdasids' envoy to the Byzantines and Fatimids.

## Life

Muqallid was the son of Kamil ibn Mirdas, who was a brother of Salih ibn Mirdas, founder of the Mirdasid emirate of Syria and Upper Mesopotamia. In 1030, during the joint reign of Salih's sons and successors, Nasr and Thimal, Muqallid was dispatched as an envoy to Byzantine emperor Romanos III and attempted to persuade him to halt his advance against Aleppo. Romanos rejected the Mirdasids' offer of tribute and detained Muqallid. Romanos continued his advance but was routed by the Mirdasids at the Battle of Azaz.
Muqallid was put in charge of the Aleppo Citadel in June 1038 by Thimal after the latter fled Aleppo in the wake of Nasr's battlefield death at the hands of the Fatimid general Anushtakin al-Dizbari. After Aleppo's deputy governor, Khalifa ibn Jabir al-Kilabi, surrendered the city to al-Dizbari's forces on 19 June, Muqallid continued to hold out. When al-Dizbari himself arrived in Aleppo, Muqallid negotiated his surrender with him and was ultimately allowed to safely depart Aleppo, taking with him numerous treasures from the citadel. After al-Dizbari died in January 1042, Muqallid and Thimal arrived at Aleppo, the latter already having been appointed governor by Fatimid decree, and were allowed in by the city's inhabitants.
The Fatimid governor of Damascus, Nasir al-Dawla ibn Hamdan, launched an offensive against the Mirdasids in 1050 after Muqallid's brother Ja'far killed the Fatimid governor of Hims, Ja'far ibn Kulayd al-Kutami. To prevent the Fatimids from establishing strongholds in the region of Aleppo, Muqallid had the citadels of Hama and Maarrat al-Nu'man dismantled. The Mirdasids' Kilabi forces routed the Fatimids later that year. Muqallid's son Mani' also played a role in Mirdasid politics, in alliance with Mahmud ibn Nasr against his uncle Atiyya ibn Salih.
# Kachab Mahalleh

Kachab Mahalleh (Persian: كچب محله, also Romanized as Kachab Maḩalleh; also known as Kachap Maḩalleh) is a village in Estakhr-e Posht Rural District, Hezarjarib District, Neka County, Mazandaran Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 971, in 193 families.
اهالی این روستا اکثرا سید می باشند شغل بیشتر مردم کشاورزی و دامپروری و تولید گیاهان دارویی می باشد
این روستا داری نانوایی، خانه بهداشت یک عدد حسینیه، دوعدد مسجد، یک مجموعه فرهنگی در حال ساخت و یک بیمارستان درحال ساخت می باشد
درود بر مردم این روستا
# Khanomabad, Ravansar

Khanomabad (Persian: خانم اباد, also Romanized as Khānomābād) is a village in Badr Rural District, in the Central District of Ravansar County, Kermanshah Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 92, in 21 families.
# Hamrštejn

Hamrštějn (German: Hammerstein) is a castle ruin located close to the city of Liberec, Czech Republic.
# Chay Kandi-ye Kheyr ol Din

Chay Kandi-ye Kheyr ol Din (Persian: چاي كندي خيرالدين, also Romanized as Chāy Kandī-ye Kheyr ol Dīn and Chāy Kandī-ye Kheyr ed Dīn; also known as Chāi Kand, Chāy Kandī, and Chaykendy) is a village in Ozomdel-e Jonubi Rural District, in the Central District of Varzaqan County, East Azerbaijan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 177, in 37 families.
# Sabandan

Sabandan (Persian: سابندان, also Romanized as Sānbadān; also known as Sūneh Verdī) is a village in Zhan Rural District, in the Central District of Dorud County, Lorestan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 350, in 76 families.
# Snizhne urban hromada

Snizhne urban hromada (Ukrainian: Сніжнянська міська громада) is a hromada of Ukraine, located in Horlivka Raion, Donetsk Oblast. Its administrative center is the city Snizhne.
The hromada contains 30 settlements: 1 city (Snizhne), 10 urban-type settlements (Andriivka, Brazhyne, Hirnitske, Zalisne, Lymanchuk, Nykyforove, Pervomaiske, Pervomaiskyi, Sieverne, and Pobieda), 15 villages:
* Verkhnyi Kut
* Dibrivka
* Dmitrivka
* Zrubne
* Latysheve
* Manuylivka
* Marynivka
* Perederieve
* Petrivske
* Rozsypne
* Saurivka
* Stepanivka
* Tarany
* Chervona Zorya
* Chuhuno-Krepinka
And 4 rural-type settlements: Balka, Molchalyne, Sukhivske, and Kozhevnya.
# Donji Pustakovec

Donji Pustakovec (Hungarian: Alsópusztafa) is a village in Međimurje County, Croatia.
The village is part of the municipality of Donji Kraljevec and had a population of 286 in the 2011 census. It is connected with the village of Sveti Juraj u Trnju. The D3 state road passes through both villages, which are located around 15 kilometres south-east of Čakovec, the county seat and largest city of Međimurje County.
# Bird's Shadow

Bird's Shadow (Russian: Тень птицы, romanized: Ten ptitsy) is a collection of short stories by Nobel Prize-winning Russian author Ivan Bunin, inspired by the tour over the Middle East he and wife Vera Muromtseva undertook in the 1900s. Written between 1907 and 1911, these stories came out as a separate edition in Paris in 1931, although most of them had appeared in the Temple of the Sun 1917 compilation. The title refers to the Huma bird; Bunin writes of the view from the Galata Tower that he can see "the entire immense land... on which fell the 'shadow of the Huma Bird' ... the commenters on Saadi explain that this is a legendary bird and that its shadow brings to anyone on which it falls majesty and immortality"
The book's working title was Fields of the Dead, for, as the author argued, "aren't they all fields of the dead – Baalbek and Palmyra, Babylon and Assyria, Judea and Egypt?... But the East is the realm of the Sun, and the future belongs to the East".
Critics praised Ivan Bunin's traveler's sketches, seeing them as an integral and highly important part of his legacy. Bunin's "longing for the ceaseless, unrelenting wandering" and his "insatiable perceptiveness" (as he himself put it, in the foreword to The Scream, 1921 Paris compilation) was something he's been long obsessed with. Later scholars saw it as part of his artistic philosophy, aiming at "the understanding of all times and peoples' tribulations." In his "Liberation of Tolstoy" essay Bunin wrote about some artists' ability to "feel other times... better than that of their own" and, critics argued, this "transformational" quality was something he's made very much of his own.

## List of Bird's Shadow's short stories

* "Bird's Shadow" (Тень птицы). First published in the Zemlya (Earth) almanac, Vol.1, Moscow, 1908.
* "The Sea of the Gods" (Море богов). Severnoye Siyanie (Northern Lights) magazine, Saint Petersburg, 1908, No.11, November.
* "Delta" (Дельта). Poslednye Novosty newspaper, Paris, 1932, No.4085, May 29. In 1915 The Works by I.A. Bunin it was part of the piece called "Zodiacal Light".
* "Zodiacal Light" (Свет Зодиака). Poslednye Novosty, Paris 1929, No.3000, June 9.
* "Judea" (Иудея). Drykarh anthology, Moscow, 1910. Originally parts of it, "The Stone" and "Sheol", were separate stories.
* "The Stone" (Камень). Poslednye Novosty, Paris, 1929, No.2930, March 31. In the 1915 edition of the Works by I.A. Bunin it corresponds to chapters 4 and 5 of "Judea".
* "Sheol" (Шеол). Bird's Shadow, Paris, 1931. In the 1915 edition of the Works by I.A. Bunin it corresponds to charter 6 of "Judea".
* "The Devil's Desert" (Пустыня дьявола). Russkoye Slovo newspaper, Moscow, 1909, No.296, December 25.
* "The Sodom Country" (Страна содомская). Russkoye Slovo, 1911, No.158, July 10, as "The Dead Sea" (Мёртвое море).
* "Temple of the Sun" (Храм Солнца). Sovremenny Mir magazine, Saint Petersburg, 1909, No.12, December.
* "Gennisaret" (Геннисарет). Russkoye Slovo, Moscow, 1912, No.297, December 25. Written while on Capri, on December 9, 1911. In the 1927 publication (Vozrozhdenye, Paris) dated as "1907-1927".
# Fynshav

Fynshav (German: Fühnenshaff) is a small coastal town and ferry port, with a population of 786 (1 January 2024), in Sønderborg Municipality, Region of Southern Denmark in Denmark.
Fynshav is located on the east coast of the island of Als 17 km northeast of Sønderborg.
Fynshav has ferry connections to Bøjden on the island Funen and to Søby on the island of Ærø. The Fynshav–Bøjden route is operated by Molslinjen under the brandname Alslinjen and the Fynshav–Søby route is operated by Ærø Ferry.
Fynshav Boat Harbour is a small marina located south of the ferry port.
# Rossoshino

Rossoshino (Russian: Россошино) is a rural locality (a settlement) in Bauntovsky District, Republic of Buryatia, Russia. The population was 249 as of 2017. There are nine streets.

## Geography

Rossoshino is located in the Vitim Plateau, 125 km (78 mi) southeast of Bagdarin (the district's administrative centre) by road, by the Amalat river. Mongoy is the nearest rural locality.
# Nara (Oka)

The Nara (Russian: Нара) is a river in the Moscow Oblast and Kaluga Oblast in Russia. It is a left tributary of the Oka. The length of the river is 158 kilometres (98 mi). The area of its basin is 2,030 square kilometres (780 sq mi). The Nara freezes up in November–December and stays under the ice until April. The cities of Naro-Fominsk and Serpukhov are located on the Nara River.
Etymologically, the name Nara is of Baltic origin, a cognate of the Lithuanian nerti generally meaning "to dive, swim downstream" as well as "to net, crochet". This is because the area around its course was once inhabited by Eastern Galindians (Russian: Goliadj, голядь), a Baltic tribe.