OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Dongen Formation

The Dongen Formation (Dutch: Formatie van Dongen; abbreviation: DO) is a geologic formation in the subsurface of the Netherlands. The formation consists of early Eocene marine clay and sand. It is named after the town of Dongen in North Brabant.

## Lithology and stratigraphy

The Dongen Formation consists predominantly of marine clay, alternated with layers of fine sand or glauconiferous marl. The clay can also contain glauconite and locally thin layers of tuffite or loam can occur.
The formation is subdivided into four members:
* the Asse Member, clay with locally sandy layers, glauconite or/and nummulites;
* the Brussels Member, fine glauconiferous sand, locally calcareous;
* the Ieper Member, clay with layers of marl and limestone;
* the Oosteind Member, clay with sand and tuffite layers.
The base of the formation is often formed by a tuffite layer.
The Dutch Dongen Formation correlates with the Belgian Ieper Group and Zenne Group. All of these units are marine sands and clay cats from the Ypresian (55.8 - 48.6 million years ago) and Lutetian (48.6 - 40.4 million years ago) ages, when the eustatic sea level was relatively high after the Paleocene–Eocene Thermal Maximum. The sea level was so high that the North Sea was connected with the Paris Basin to the south and all of the Netherlands and most of Belgium and northern France was covered by shallow seas.
Dutch stratigraphers put the Dongen Formation together with the older Landen Formation in the Lower North Sea Group. The top of the Dongen Formation is formed by a nonconformity, over which younger formations, such as the Oligocene Rupel Formation or the Miocene Breda Formation, are found.
# Harun and Leyla

"Harun and Leyla" (Azerbaijani:Harun vә Leyla) – is the 6th and the last mugham opera composed by Uzeyir Hajibeyov.
The 5 acted opera was composed in 1915, but was not staged. Libretto of the opera was also written by Uzeyir Hajibeyov, based on an Arabic dastan of the same name.
# Præsidenten fra Nordvest

Præsidenten fra Nordvest (English: The President from Nordvest) is a Danish documentary film directed by Lars Feldballe Petersen about Amed Farah Dualeh's attempt to bring democratic values to Somalia during its civil war. The film premiered at the Danish Film Festival on 20 March 2017.

## Synopsis

   My life has been a long journey, and I have been blessed to come to Denmark to study, it gave me the opportunity to lay the foundation and I will to return to Somalia to give something back.
The documentary follows Somalian-born, Ahmed Farah Dualeh, and his ambition to gain political power in the Somali region of Jubaland. Dualeh's initial ambition is to become the prime minister rather than the president, as the role changes more frequently. Born into a poor nomadic family and living comfortably for 47 years in Denmark where he worked as a sea captain at Aalborg Portland, the 67-year-old feels compelled to re-engage with Somali politics, driven by his desire to give back to his homeland. The documentary addresses the increasing challenges faced by Dualeh as he lives as a Somali immigrant in Denmark amidst the country's rise of conservatism.
Supported by his wife, Zahra, he departs from his home in the Nordvest, Copenhagen with the ambition to rebuild Somalia, inspired by Danish democratic values. He finds that resistance in Somalia is strong, and successes are scarce. Over time, his foundation starts to weaken, causing a growing distance from his family in Denmark. The silent struggles of his wife are documented, along with her eventual acceptance of Dualeh's choices. Named by a group of Somali exiles, he is given the title of president-in-exile of Gedo, Middle Jubba, and Lower Jubba, which together form Jubaland. The film explores the risks Dualeh was prepared to undertake in his goal to rebuild his homeland. The documentary concludes with him abandoning his aspirations, citing a lack of understanding of the Somali political landscape.

## Production and release

The documentary was filmed over a period of three years, and is based on an idea by the film's editor and narrator Jacob Andersen. Petersen was inspired by Dualeh's story and admired his desire to instil democratic Danish values in a country which was embroiled in a civil war. The film was first broadcast on Danish television on channel DR2, in a 59-minute version, on 28 December 2017.
# Köseler, Ovacık

Köseler (Kurdish: Danzig) is a village in the Ovacık District, Tunceli Province, Turkey. The village is populated by Kurds of the Şaman tribe and had a population of 140 in 2021.
The hamlet of Yaylık is attached to the village.
# Vasily Severgin

Vasily Mikhailovich Severgin (Russian: Василий Михайлович Севергин; 19 September 1765 – 29 November 1826) was a Russian academician, chemist, mineralogist, and geologist. For three decades, he was the only academician elected to the Geological Society of London. He has been described as being among the most influential pioneers of geology in Russia.

## Biography

Severgin was born in St. Petersburg, the son of a court musician. He studied at the Gymnasium of the St. Petersburg Academy (1776) of Sciences and then went to the university in 1784 to study mineralogy. He then completed his studies at the University of Göttingen (1789) after studying basalts in the region. He trained under J.F. Gmelin. He examined the contemporary dispute between the neptunists and plutonists. In 1789 he returned to present papers on basalt and argued against the neptunists, suggesting that basalts formed from molten liquid. In 1789 he was made adjunct chair of mineralogy and began to examine mineral chemistry based on ideas from Lavoisier. He published a book based on Kirwan's Elements of Mineralogy (1791). His book on the foundations of mineralogy (1798) was the first Russian text dealing with ideas on chemical analysis and rock formation. He travelled widely between 1802 and 1804 visiting most of western Russia, the Baltic region, Poland and Finland collecting mineral samples and visiting educational institutions, mines, and factories. Severgin was the founding editor of the journal Tekhnologicheskii zhurnal begun in 1803. He edited it until his death in 1826.

## Literature

* Ушакова, Нина Николаевна, Фигуровский, Николай Александрович: Василий Михайлович Севергин, 1765-1826 гг, Изд-во "Наука,", 1981
# NOAA Central Library

The NOAA Library is the flagship library of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration’s (NOAA) network of over 20 research libraries. It is also a selective federal depository library for United States federal government publications.$^{[6]}$

## Location

The NOAA Library is located on the second floor of NOAA Building III on the Silver Spring Metro Center campus, near the Silver Spring Metro station.

## History

In 1970, with the formation of NOAA, the libraries of the National Weather Service, United States Coast and Geodetic Survey, and Bureau of Commercial Fisheries of the United States Fish and Wildlife Service (which became NOAA's National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS)) merged to become the NOAA Central library.
Part of the NOAA Central library collection is from the former United States Weather Bureau library, itself descended from the United States Signal Corps library.
The library was previously located in Rockville, Maryland just northwest of Old Georgetown Road until 1993, when it moved to its current location in Silver Spring, Maryland. Its website was established in 1995.

## Patrons

NOAA employees have full access to the library's e-resources and physical holdings. Visiting scientists, contracted labor, and other NOAA affiliates can gain access through their federal supervisor. Members of the public can access the library by calling in advance. The library is open from 8:30 am through 4:30 pm, Monday through Friday, and is closed on federal holidays.

## Contents

The library subscribes to over one thousand peer-reviewed journals in print and electronic formats, and is the official repository of all NOAA publications. It also holds works and artifacts pertaining to the history of NOAA. Its microfilm collection includes decades of surface weather observations and surface weather analyses from the United States and Japan.
* NOAA Central Library stacks
* NOAA Central Library stacks
* NOAA Central Library stacks
The library maintains an online photo collection of over 30,000 images taken by NOAA staff. Some of those images are also hosted on the NOAA Flickr account.

## Role within data digitization

The NOAA Library has been active within the Climate Digital Modernization Program (CDMP), which is headquartered at the National Climatic Data Center (NCDC) in Asheville, North Carolina. Projects have included digitizing foreign climate data books, the United States Daily Weather Map series, and Monthly Weather Review articles. Researchers at the library from the Hydrometeorological Prediction Center (HPC, now the Weather Prediction Center or WPC) are digitizing the library's microfilm North American and Northern Hemispheric map collections, originally created by the National Meteorological Center (NMC).

## Awards

In 1999 the NOAA Library organized over 500 NOAA websites under a single locator and created a significant digital image library of meteorological images from the 1800s to the 1950s, which won the Federal Library and Information Center Committee award.
# Latif Halmat

Latif Halmat (Kurdish: Letîf Helmet ,لەتیف ھەڵمەت; born 1947) is a Kurdish poet. He was born in town of Kifri, Iraq and began writing poems in 1963. He worked as a journalist during the 1970s and 1980s. He has published 20 poetry books in Kurdish and many of his works have been translated into other languages. He has also been active in the area of children's literature and drama.
He has published several collections of poetry including "God and our little city" (1970), "Facing a rebirth" (1973), "The girl's hair is my tent in summer and winter" (1977), "The white storm" (1978), "The letters that my mother does not read" (1979), and "Finished and unfinished poems" (1979). He was one of the vanguards of the new wave of poets who focused on changing the language of poetry and modern literary techniques in the 1970s. His work has been influenced by renowned Arab poets such as Adunis and Maghut.
# Kashi Yatra

Kashi Yatra (Sanskrit: काशीयात्रा, romanized: Kāśīyātrā, lit. 'Pilgrimage to Kashi') refers to the yatra (pilgrimage) to the city of Kashi (Varanasi) in Hinduism. Regarded to be among the holiest of cities in Hinduism, pilgrims undertake a journey to this city due to the belief that it would allow them to achieve mukti (salvation). The significance of this pilgrimage is explained in the Skanda Purana. Kashi is referred to as an important tirtha (holy site) in Hindu literature, with the Kashi Vishwanath temple of the city considered to be among the most sacred sites dedicated to the deity Shiva.
It also refers to a name of a ceremony during a Hindu wedding: A bridegroom expresses the desire to become an ascetic and undertake a pilgrimage to Kashi, carrying slippers, an umbrella, a bamboo fan, and other objects that may vary according to regional traditions. While he walks away from the wedding mandapa, the bride's father persuades the bridegroom to return, and marry his daughter.

## Circuits

There are a number of routes or circuits that pilgrims may choose to undertake in the city within the Kashi Yatra:
* Panchakroshi Yatra
* Jala Tirtha Yatra
* Shivayatan Yatra
* Antargrihi Yatra
* Gauri Yatra
* Durga Devi Yatra
* Ekadasha Maharudra Yatra
* Navagraha Yatra
# Lotfi Mustafa Kamal

Air Vice-Marshal Lotfi Mustafa Kamal Mohamed Tawfik, commonly known as Lotfi Mustafa Kamal, (born 6 May 1952) (Arabic: لطفي مصطفى كمال) was the Egyptian Minister of Civil Aviation and a retired Egyptian Air Force commander.

## Personal life

Kamal entered the Egyptian Air Academy in 1970, graduating in 1972.

## Career

He was Chief of Staff of the EAF from 2009 to 2011.
# Leukotriene C4 synthase deficiency

Leukotriene C4 synthase deficiency is an inborn error of metabolism.
Deficiency of Leukotriene C4 synthase can lead to a reduction in Leukotriene C4.
# Mill Gate (Stargard)

Mill Gate (Polish: Brama Młyńska, German: Mühlentor) is an old entrance to the city of Stargard, in Poland, which functioned also as a watergate on Ina river. In medieval times the watch lowered a portcullis into the river for the night, which secured Stargard harbour, situated behind the fortification (an exception in this area), from intruders. Both towers have the so-called Stargard blend motive (the same as in St. Mary's church). Today the Mill Gate is the seat of Stargard's Society of Fine Art Lovers. In 2010, due to its historical and artistic values the Mill Gate, along with the medieval city walls of Stargard, was listed by the President of Poland as a Historic Monument of Poland.
In 1454, during the Wheat War, the people of Szczecin, to prevent transport on the Ina river, stretched chains between its banks in an attempt to stop barges from Stargard. As a result of these actions, the people of Stargard appealed to Wartislaw IX to settle the dispute. He ruled in favor of the merchants from Stargard. As a sign of victory and contempt for the people of Szczecin, they tore down the chains obstructing the river channel and hung them on the 'Mill Gate', where they remain to this day.
# Boštetje

Boštetje (pronounced) is a small settlement on the Rute Plateau (Slovene: Rutarska planota) in the hills west of Velike Lašče in Slovenia. The area is included in the Central Slovenia Statistical Region. Traditionally it was part of Lower Carniola.
# Malakeh

Malakeh (Persian: ملاكه, also Romanized as Malākeh; also known as Malācheh, Mallācheh, and Mulāchi) is a village in Bahmanshir-e Jonubi Rural District, in the Central District of Abadan County, Khuzestan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 585, in 111 families.
# Kazumoto Machijiri

Viscount Kazumoto Machijiri (町尻 量基, Machijiri Kazumoto, 30 March 1889 – 10 December 1950) was a lieutenant general in the Imperial Japanese Army during World War II.

## Biography

Machijiri was the fourth son of the kuge Mibu Motonaka (1835–1906) from an ancient court nobility family of Kyoto. He was adopted into the kazoku peerage by Viscount Machijiri Kazuhiro and inherited the title of shishaku. His wife was the elder daughter of Prince Kaya Kuninori, Yukiko.
Machijiri graduated from the 21st class of the Imperial Japanese Army Academy in 1909, where his classmates included Kanji Ishiwara, Jo Iimura and Harukichi Hyakutake. He later graduated from the 29th class of the Army Staff College in 1917. He was a military attaché to France from 1919–1921, participated for three months in the Versailles Peace Treaty Negotiations, and remained as a resident officer in Paris from 1921–1923, and again from 1925–1926.
Machijiri was Aide-de-camp to the Emperor of Japan from 1930–1935. From 1935–1936, he commanded the Artillery Regiment of the Imperial Guard, and served as Chief of Army Affairs Section of Military Affairs Bureau within the Ministry of War from 1936–1938.
At the start of the Second Sino-Japanese War, Machijiri was again appointed as Aide-de-camp to Emperor Hirohito in 1937, but was soon transferred to become Vice Chief of Staff of the Northern China Area Army. He returned to Japan the same year for staff duties within the Imperial Japanese Army General Staff, but was sent into the field again from 1939–1941 as commander of the IJA 6th Division. From 1941–1942, he was Inspector-General of the Chemical Warfare Section.
In 1942, Machijiri was appointed commander of the Indochina Garrison Army. Recalled to Japan in 1944, he survived the war and went into retirement in 1945.
# Hauteville-la-Guichard

Hauteville-la-Guichard (French pronunciation:) is a commune in the Manche department in Normandy in north-western France (population: 425 in 2006).
It is thought to be the original stronghold of the Hauteville family who made their fortunes in southern Italy and Sicily as the Norman kings of Sicily, beginning with the modest Norman seigneur Tancred of Hauteville, who is commemorated by a simple exhibit housed in the former presbytère.

## Origins

From just which village of Hauteville the family drew its name is hard to identify with certainty, though modern scholarship favours Hauteville-la-Guichard.
# Emamiyeh, Golestan

Emamiyeh (Persian: اماميه, also Romanized as Emāmīyeh) is a village in Fenderesk-e Jonubi Rural District, Fenderesk District, Ramian County, Golestan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 325, in 72 families.
# Phoun Sipaseuth

Phoun Sipaseuth (Lao: ພູນ ສີປະເສີດ; 16 February 1920 – 8 December 1994) was a Laotian politician and member of the Lao People's Revolutionary Party (LPRP). He served as Deputy Chairman of the Council of Ministers and Ministers of Foreign Affairs during the 1980s.
He was elected to the LPP Central Committee at the 1st National Congress and retained his seat until the 5th National Congress. At the 3rd National Congress he was elected to the LPRP Politburo.
# Kohneh Kumeh

Kohneh Kumeh (Persian: كهنه كومه, also Romanized as Kohneh Kūmeh) is a village in Ashrestaq Rural District, Yaneh Sar District, Behshahr County, Mazandaran Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 15, in 5 families.
# Montbel, Lozère

Montbel (French pronunciation:; Occitan: Montbèl) is a commune in the Lozère département in southern France.
# National Skating Federation (Kazakhstan)

The National Skating Federation (Kazakh: Ұлттық конькимен жүгірушілер федерациясы, Ulttyq konkımen júgirýshiler federatsııasy; Russian: Национальная федерация конькобежцев) is the national governing body for skating in Kazakhstan. The organisation was founded in 1992 among local ski clubs. The National Skating Federation represents international interests of the Kazakhstani skiing and trains athletes and trainers. The NSK headquarters are located in Nur-Sultan at the Alau Ice Palace. Current NSK president is Bolat Zhamishev.
# Joy Young Rogers

Joy Young Rogers (August 14, 1891 – December 10, 1953) was an American suffragette. She served as an assistant editor of The Suffragist.

## Biography

Joy Oden Young was born on August 14, 1891, in Falls Church, Virginia, to Ludwick Craven Young (1841–1930) and Harriet Noyes Oden (1861–1938).
On May 1, 1916, she delivered a basket of flowers to President Woodrow Wilson, which also contained a request for a suffrage amendment and pro-suffrage messages from women from the western half of America.
She was arrested on July 4, 1917, with Lucy Burns and others, for protesting in front of the White House. Rodgers was on the staff of The Suffragist and was an organizer for the National Woman's Party. Her sister, Matilda Young, was also an active suffragist.
She died of a heart attack on December 10, 1953.
# Singen-Industriegebiet station

Singen-Industriegebiet station (German: Bahnhof Singen-Industriegebiet) is a railway station in the municipality of Singen, in Baden-Württemberg, Germany. It is located on the standard gauge High Rhine Railway of Deutsche Bahn.

## Services

As of the December 2020 timetable change, the following services stop at Singen-Industriegebiet:
* Seehas S6: half-hourly service between Singen (Hohentwiel) and Konstanz.
* RE 2: some peak time services between Karlsruhe/Villingen and Konstanz.
# Sammy Habte

Asmeron Habte (born 14 October 1983) is an Eritrean-German former professional footballer who played as a defender or midfielder.

## Early life

Habte moved from the Province of Eritrea to Germany as a child.

## Club career

Habte started his career with 2. Bundesliga side Eintracht Trier, where he made one league appearance. On 25 May 2003, he debuted for Eintracht Trier in a 1–0 loss to Union Berlin. After that, he signed for Victoria Rosport in Luxembourg, helping them qualify for the 2005 UEFA Intertoto Cup. After that, he signed for German seventh division club DJK St. Matthias Trier.

## International career

Habte is eligible to represent Eritrea internationally.

## Personal life

After retiring he worked as a groundskeeper. He also worked as a youth football manager.
# Soran University

Soran University (SU) (Kurdish: زانکۆی سۆران) is a KRG sponsored public university, founded in 2009. It is located in Soran, Iraqi Kurdistan.

## Faculties

SU has five faculties:
* Faculty of Arts
* Faculty of Law
* Faculty of Science
* Faculty of Education
* Faculty of Engineering (Civil, Petroleum, Chemical) Engineering

## Staff

Key staff members include:
1. President: Asst. Prof. Dr. Sherwan Sharif Qurtas
* Vice-president for Administrative and Financial affairs: Asst. Prof. Dr. Sherzad Saeed Sedeeq
* Vice-president for scientific affairs: Prof. Dr. Sirwan Zand
* Vice-president for Students' affairs : Dr. Rizgar Saed Hussein
* Asst. Prof. Dr. Ayad Nuri Faqi Dean of Faculty of Science
* Dr. Ali Yousif Azeez Dean of Faculty of Education
* Dr. Himdad Faysal Ahmad Dean of Faculty of Law
* Dr. Jamal Ismael Kakrasul Dean of Faculty of Engineering
* Prof. Dr. Samir Mustafa Dean of Scientific Research Centre
# Proscillaridin

Proscillaridin is a cardiac glycoside, a kind of drug that can be used in the treatment of congestive heart failure and cardiac arrhythmia (irregular heartbeat). It is of the bufanolide type and can be obtained from plants of the genus Scilla and in Drimia maritima (Scilla maritima).
The aglycone of proscillaridin is scillarenin.
# Blackfoot I.O.O.F. Hall

The Blackfoot I.O.O.F. Hall, at 57 Bridge St. in Blackfoot, Idaho, was built in 1905.
Its rear wall shows rough lava-rock structural fabric, while the front, brick facade is refined and survives about storefronts on the ground level.
Entrance to the second floor Odd Fellows meeting hall is by stairway from the rear.
# Bakulev Scientific Center of Cardiovascular Surgery

Bakulev Scientific Center for Cardiovascular Surgery (Russian: Научный центр сердечно-сосудистой хирургии им. А.Н. Бакулева) is attached to the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences and is one of the leading cardiovascular surgery-related facilities of the Russian Federation. The center consists of Burakovskiy Institute of Cardiac Surgery and the Institute of Coronary and Vascular Surgery, both located in Moscow, as wells as it has a filial branch in Perm - Perm Heart Institute. In 2005 the Center started the first phase of research into the transplant of marrow cells in patients with acute myocardial infarction.

## History

The Center was founded in 1956 by Soviet surgeon Aleksandr Bakulev, being officially named the Thoracal Surgery Institute of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR (Институт грудной хирургии Академии медицинских наук СССР) at the time. In 1961 the facility was renamed to the Institute of Cardiovascular Surgery and in 1967, following Bakulev's death, gained his name.

### Heads of Center

| Term | Name |
| 1956-1958 | Aleksandr Bakulev |
| 1958-1959 | Aleksey Busalov |
| 1959-1966 | Sergey Kolesnikov |
| 1966-1994 | Vladimir Burakovskiy |
| 1994–present | Leo Bokeriya |

## Degree mill

The network community Dissernet has pointed out that the Center has repeatedly (>45 cases) awarded the Ph.D level degrees based on heavily plagiarised and sometimes falsified theses.
# Husaynzada

Husaynzada (Azerbaijani: Hüseynzadə; Persian: حسین‌زاده, romanized: hoseynzâde; Russian: Гусейнзаде), also Husaynzade, Husaynzadeh and Gusein-Zade, is a surname built from Husayn and the Persian suffix zada. Notable people with the surname include:
* Ahmad Huseinzadeh (1812–1887), third Sheikh ul-Islam of the Caucasus
* Ali bey Huseynzade (1864–1940), Azerbaijani writer, thinker, philosopher, artist, doctor, and the creator
* Amir Hossein Hosseinzadeh (born 2000), Iranian footballer
* Mohammad Reza Hosseinzadeh (born 1964), Iranian economist and banker
* Mohammad-Ali Hosseinzadeh (1977–2016), Iranian principlist
* Mahammadali Huseinzadeh (1823–1852), first shia Sheikh ul-Islam of the Caucasus
* Mehdi Huseynzade (1918–1944), Soviet guerilla of Azerbaijani origin
* Sabir Gusein-Zade (born 1950), Russian mathematician
* Tofig Huseynzade (1946–2006), Azerbaijani philologist, folklorist, journalist and poet