OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Chernovik

Chernovik (Russian: Черновик for "Rough Draft") is a weekly newspaper published by Svoboda Slova (translated as "Freedom of Speech") and based in the Republic of Dagestan, North Caucasus region, Russia. Reporters Without Borders has described it as "Dagestan's leading independent newspaper" and the newspaper with the third largest circulation in Dagestan.

## Leadership

The newspaper was founded by Gadzhimurat Kamalov in 2003. Those serving as editor-in-chief include Kamalov (2005–2006), Nadira Isayeva, and Biyakai Magomedov (present).

## Prosecution

From 2008 to 2011, following a series of articles critical of the Federal Security Service's counterinsurgency tactics, the newspaper's editor-in-chief, Nadira Isayeva, was involved in a high-profile prosecution for "inciting hatred toward law enforcement officials" and other charges. Chernovik reporters Magomed Magomedov, Artur Mamayev and Timur Mustafayev were also charged, along with their lawyer Biyakai Magomedov. International press freedom organizations ARTICLE 19, Reporters Without Borders, and the Committee to Protect Journalists (CPJ) all protested the charges, the latter awarding Isayeva a 2010 International Press Freedom Award for risking her "freedom and security" for her reporting. All five were later acquitted following a trial Isayeva described as "a test for the institution of press freedom" in Dagestan.

## Murder of Gadzhimurat Kamalov

On 15 December 2011 Gadzhimurat Kamalov was assassinated as he left Chernovik's offices. CPJ described his death as "a lethal blow to press freedom" and "a massive loss for independent journalism in the North Caucasus, Russia's most dangerous place for reporters". Tanya Lokshina, deputy director of Human Rights Watch in Moscow, said: "Kamalov's death is terrible and it will have a monstrous effect on the free press in Dagestan. He had many enemies because of Chernovik's searching reports on corrupt businesses and the transgressions of the local siloviki [law enforcement bodies]." Lokshina blamed the murder on the Russian authorities' governing of the region: "Even if there was a personal aspect to his murder then it became possible because of the atmosphere of complete impunity which the Russian authorities have allowed to flourish there."
Yulia Latynina, an expert on the Caucasus region interviewed by the Associated Press, said, "Just as [Anna] Politkovskaya's death meant the loss of information about Chechnya, Kamalov's death will mean that to a large extent we will stop to understand what's going on in Dagestan. People will simply be scared to write anything."
# Niesky station

Niesky (German: Bahnhof Niesky) is a railway station in the town of Niesky, Saxony, Germany. The station lies on the Węgliniec–Roßlau railway, train services are operated by Ostdeutsche Eisenbahn.

## Train services

The station is served by the following services:
* regional service RB 64 Hoyerswerda – Görlitz
# William Albright (musician)

William Hugh Albright (October 20, 1944 – September 17, 1998) was an American composer, pianist and organist.

## Biography

Albright was born in Gary, Indiana, and began learning the piano at the age of five. He attended the Juilliard Preparatory Department (1959–62), the Eastman School of Music (1962–63) and the University of Michigan (1962–70), where he studied composition with Ross Lee Finney and George Rochberg, and organ with Marilyn Mason. He interrupted his studies for the 1968–69 academic year when he received a Fulbright scholarship to study with Olivier Messiaen in Paris. Upon his graduation in 1970 he was appointed to the faculty of the University of Michigan, where he taught composition and directed the electronic music studio until his death from liver failure in Ann Arbor, Michigan, in 1998.

## Career

His music combined elements of tonal and non-tonal classical music (in particular the influence of Messiaen) with American popular music and non-Western music, in what has been described as "polystylistic" or "quaquaversal" music—which makes the definition of an overall style difficult. Albright's approach to some of his music has been considered to be surrealistic. He was an enthusiast for ragtime and made notable recordings of the piano rags of Scott Joplin and others. He also recorded an album of his own ragtime compositions.
In addition to his compositional and teaching activities, Albright maintained an active career and was regarded as both a virtuoso organist and pianist, performing many recitals on both instruments throughout North American and Europe. He was the featured organist for the 1976 International Contemporary Organ Music Festival at the Hartt School of Music. He had earlier been commissioned to write his organ work Stipendium Peccati for the 1973 International Contemporary Organ Music Festival. He commissioned new works for the organ from other contemporary composers to play on his international concert tours. His hymns appear in hymnals of the Unitarian and Episcopal Churches.
Albright's notable students include Derek Bermel, John Burke, Evan Chambers, Chihchun Chi-sun Lee, Gabriela Lena Frank, Alexander Frey, Evan Hause, Katt Hernandez, Joseph Lukasik, John Howell Morrison, Carter Pann, Frank Ticheli, and Michael Sidney Timpson.

## Honors

* Two Fulbright fellowships
* Two Guggenheim Fellowships
* Niagara University's Symphonic Composition Award
* Two National Endowment for the Arts Grants
* Two Koussevitzky Commissions
* Composer-In-Residence at the American Academy in Rome, 1979
* Queen Marie-Jose Prize
* American Academy of Arts and Letters
* University of Michigan's Distinguished Service Award and Faculty Recognition Award.

## Selected Compositions

* Three Novelty Rags
* Alliance
* Stipendium Peccati
* Bacchanal
* Organbook I and II, for organ and tape
* Sonata, for alto saxophone and piano
* Chasm, for organ. Commissioned by the Ann Arbor and Detroit chapters of the American Guild of Organists for the 1986 AGO National Convention in Ann Arbor, premiered by Marilyn Mason.
# Kamali, Fars

Kamali (Persian: كمالي) is a village in, and the capital of, Kamali Rural District of Kheyrgu District, Lamerd County, Fars province, Iran.

## Demographics
### Population

At the time of the 2006 National Census, the village's population was 1,236 in 248 households, when it was in Kheyrgu Rural District of Alamarvdasht District. The following census in 2011 counted 1,297 people in 325 households. The 2016 census measured the population of the village as 1,312 people in 362 households.
After the census, the rural district was separated from the district in the formation of Kheyrgu District, and Kamali was transferred to Kamali Rural District created in the new district.
# James M. Nack

James M. Nack (January 4, 1809 – September 23, 1879) was a deaf American poet.
In 1809, Nack was born in New York City to a poor family. Unable to afford school, Nack was taught by his sister and attended The Collegiate School (New York City) through the Dutch Reformed Church. Nack started reading at age four and was starting to write poetry at age 8. At age nine, Nack experienced a traumatic brain injury falling down a flight of stairs. After several weeks in a coma, Nack woke and was deaf. Later Nack lost his speech as well.
Despite his disabilities, Nack continued to write. At age 12, he authored a play.
Nack attended the New York Institution for the Instruction of the Deaf and Dumb in Manhattan from 1818 until 1823. One of Nack's poems, The Blue-Eyed Maid, got the attention of Abraham Asten, clerk of the city and county of New York. Asten gave Nack a job in the clerk's office where James became an assistant. Nack was able to spend long periods of time reading in Asten's personal library.
In 1827, Nack published The Legend of the Rocks, And Other Poems , the first of several volumes of poetry. This may have been the first book published in the United States by a deaf man. During this time, Nack also contributed poems to the New York Mirror.
Nack wrote mainly about family life and his daughters. He also wrote translations in French, German, and Dutch.
Nack married Martha W. Simon in 1838.

## Principal works

* The Legend of the Rocks, And Other Poems 1827
* An Ode on the Proclamation of President Jackson 1833
* Earl Rupert and Other Tales and Poems 1839
* The Immortal: A Dramatic Romance and Other Poems 1850
* The Romance of the Ring and Other Poems 1859
# David Munzni

David Munzni (3 October 1924 – 3 December 1987) was an Indian politician. He was a Member of Parliament, representing Lohardaga, Bihar in the Lok Sabha the lower house of India's Parliament as a member of the Indian National Congress. Munzi died in Delhi on 3 December 1987, at the age of 63.
# Bahuka (Hinduism)

Bahuka (Sanskrit: बाहुक, romanized: Bāhuka), also called Subahu, is a king of the Suryavamsha (solar dynasty) featured in Hindu literature.

## Legend

According to the Puranas, Bahuka was the son of Vrika. He was ousted from his throne and driven out of his country by the Haihayas and the Talajanghas. He took refuge in the hermitage of the sage Aurva. His son, Sagara, was born in this hermitage.
# Rud-e Robat

Rud-e Robat (Persian: رودرباط, also Romanized as Rūd-e Robāţ; also known as Robāţ) is a village in Darmian Rural District, in the Central District of Darmian County, South Khorasan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 69, in 21 families.
# Partium Christian University

Partium Christian University (Hungarian: Partiumi Keresztény Egyetem; Romanian: Universitatea Creștină Partium) was founded in 1995 in Oradea, the capital and university city of the historical region of Partium, in Transylvania. Its location is a border city with about 185,000 inhabitants close to Hungary, in western Romania.

## History

The university was founded with the support of the Calvinist pastor László Tőkés, and emerged from the Calvinist Sulyok István Reformed College founded in 1990 following the 1989 anticommunist revolution in Romania. Gradually, the College grew into a university by 1995 and was fully accredited in 2008. Today it caters primarily for the Hungarian-speaking population of Western Romania, with around 100 Hungarian speaking faculty members and over 1,000 students. Reformist Christian values underpin the university, but practice is not required of students, and its teaching and mission is wide-ranging and also includes research and community outreach. It receives almost all its core funding from Hungary, and is therefore classed as a private university in Romania.

## Structure and organisation

The university is organized into two faculties: Letters and Arts, and Economic and Social Sciences. There are 14 small Departments including a Department of Teacher Training. Teaching is at undergraduate level across these areas, and Music is also taught. There are Masters degrees in European Social Politics, Translation, Multiculturalism, Art, Finance, and Entrepreneurship. Fees are low compared to surrounding private institutions and class size is small.
An evaluation of the university was conducted as part of a European University Association (EUA) 'Quality and Diversity of the Romanian Universities' study in 2014 when the university was quite young and had 1,000 students at Bachelor and Master level. It found that the 82% Hungarian foreign funding for the university gives it a unique status (p. 14), while the university still has to conform to Romanian accreditation processes. "PCU reports to three authorities – the Romanian ministry in charge of higher education, the Hungarian Parliament (through the Sapientia Foundation) and the Romanian accreditation agency ARACIS." This has meant bureaucratic structures were in place that could be streamlined: aside from the management there was a Founders’ Council, University Board and Senate.
Externally, The Sapientia Foundation approves the university strategy, before disbursing Hungarian funding on behalf of the Hungarian Government (p. 5). Teaching loads are quite high and students are expected to study full time (p. 13).
# Mi Kola

Mi Kola (Persian: ميكلا, also Romanized as Mī Kolā) is a village in Balatajan Rural District, in the Central District of Qaem Shahr County, Mazandaran Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 628, in 159 families.
# Christian Nissen

Christian Nissen aka Hein Mück (1893 – after 1955) was a German sailor and yachtsman, who served with Nazi Germany's Abwehr and its special forces, the Brandenburgers in World War II.

## Biography

Nissen was a very experienced sailor, who had sailed around Cape Horn several times and belonged to the international guild of Cape Horniers. As an experienced yachtsman too he got in the focus of Germany's Abwehr. The ghost sailors were an asset of Abwehr chief Admiral Wilhelm Canaris. Experienced yachtsmen trained by his special forces, the Brandenburgers, sailed the northern and southern Atlantic in World War II.

### Operation Lobster I

In June 1940 Nissen had been called to the Sabotage School at Brandenburg an der Havel to prepare for Operation Lobster I and asked to find a boat suitable for transporting three agents to Ireland. Nissen had served in World War I aboard the Imperial German Navy full-rigged ship Melpomene. Melpomene had been captured by the Royal Navy 100 miles (160 km) west of the port of Queenstown, now Cobh, in County Cork. He was interned first at Templemore in County Tipperary, then in Oldcastle, County Meath, and finally on the Isle of Man. Therefore, Nissen was familiar with this area. He selected the "Soizic", a luxurious 36-foot (11 m) yacht from the harbour in Brest Bay for the voyage. The boat was fitted out like a French fishing vessel and had previously belonged to the French military attaché in Bern. The mission was successful, but the agents were arrested in Ireland two hours after getting ashore.

### Operation Seagull

Operation Lobster was followed by Operation Seagull (Ireland) in late summer 1940. Nissen's orders were to transport an NCO from the Brandenburgers, Helmut Clissmann, and one Abwehr I radio operator to the southern coast of Ireland to carry out their mission. The vessel chosen was the "Anni Braz-Bihen" a Malamok type sailing boat, register no. 'Douarnenez 3384' belonging to Henri Helias. The vessel was returned to French owners in 1945. Clissmann was stationed at Westende, Belgium in readiness for the operation. Nissen received his orders from his direct superior in the Regiment, Captain Hollman. The mission failed.

### Operation Hawthorne

Operation Hawthorn, in German "Operation Weissdorn" was a piece of outstanding yachtmanship in those days. "Leutnant zur See" (or "Ensign"), Christian Nissen, also known as Hein Mück a traditional popular figure in Bremen, brought, together with Arndt Georg "Age" Nissen, Paul Temme and three other "Ghost sailors" (German: Geistersegler), the South African boxer Robey Leibbrandt with a confiscated French sailboat, Kyloe from St. Malo, France, down to South Africa and dropped him with a rubber dinghy at the coast northwest of Cape Town. Klyoe had a crew of six, including Heinrich Garbers, who later on became such a commander too. They performed a non-stop voyage of 14,400 nautical miles (26,700 km), which ended in Spanish Sahara, from where they took the plane to Rome and further on home to Berlin.
# Skuły

Skuły is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Żabia Wola, within Grodzisk Mazowiecki County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately 15 kilometres (9 mi) south of Grodzisk Mazowiecki and 35 km (22 mi) south-west of Warsaw.
# Rajeshwar Prasad Narain Sinha

Rajeshwar Prasad Narain Sinha (born 29 December 1906, date of death unknown) was an Indian politician. He was a Member of Parliament, representing Bihar in the Rajya Sabha the upper house of India's Parliament as a member of the Indian National Congress.
# Greek Church (Bucharest)

The Greek Church (Romanian: Biserica Greacă) is a Romanian Orthodox church located at 1 Pache Protopopescu Square in Bucharest, Romania, on the grounds of the Greek Embassy. It is dedicated to the Feast of the Annunciation.

## History

The church was built on the site of an old Greek cemetery that once extended until Foișorul de Foc. During the 19th century, members of the local Greek community did not have their own church, instead worshiping at other parishes, in particular the Kalenderoglu Church. The idea of building a specifically Greek church appeared as early as 1874, but internal divisions and lack of land, authorization and funds delayed the start of construction for a quarter century.
In 1890, a local Greek banker expressed a desire to build a church. The Bucharest City Hall soon granted the embassy’s request for it to cede land on which this could be built, together with a school. In 1898, the lot, measuring some 1900 square meters, was purchased by the Greek chargé d’affaires. Construction began in 1899, financed by the Harokopos brothers and other wealthy Greeks. The first Divine Liturgy was held on the Greek National Day in 1901, two years to the day after the cornerstone was laid. The building and interior painting were restored around the year 2000.

## Description

The church measures 24 meters long by 13.5 meters wide, and on the exterior resembles an Ionic ancient temple; its direct inspiration is the Temple of Hephaestus. It is a hexastyle pseudoperipteros made of stone and brick masonry. Twelve imposing stairs lead to the stylobate, where stand the six slender, fluted columns of the west portico, situated three meters from the wall with the entrance portal. The latter has a wide stone frame, with a classical profile, three garlands above and a sawtooth cornice. The long sides feature ten columns each, of which nine are embedded in the facades. The main and rear facades, topped by a cross, have pediments and parapets.
The interior begins with a vestibule, followed by a nave subdivided by two rows of four Corinthian columns, not fluted, of stucco marble. The vaulted ceiling is painted, while the floor is marble. Light enters through four windows on each of the two sides; these are stained with the Greek cross in blue and white. The iconostasis is of white marble and fairly short, allowing the painting of the altar ceiling to be seen. Its central part is framed by two small partly fluted columns, covered by a pediment below a cross. Above the royal doors there is a painting of the Last Supper. Carved flowers and branches, along with niched icons, round out the iconostasis, behind which sits a carved wooden baldachin. The wooden cathedra in the nave are carved with lions’ heads. The Byzantine revival interior painting is in panels, with Christ Pantocrator inscribed in a large ceiling medallion.
The structure is surrounded by a high, artistically carved cast-iron fence. In 1999, a sculpture of Rigas Feraios was placed in front. The church is listed as a historic monument by Romania's Ministry of Culture and Religious Affairs.
# Vilshanka, Ternopil Oblast

Vilshanka (Ukrainian: Вільшанка) is a village in the Zboriv urban hromada of the Ternopil Raion of Ternopil Oblast in Ukraine.

## History

The first written mention of the village was in 1467.
After the liquidation of the Zboriv Raion on 19 July 2020, the village became part of the Ternopil Raion.

## Religion

* Saint Demetrius church (1994, brick).
# Salamakha

Salamakha (Ukrainian: Саламаха) or Solomakha (Соломаха) is a surname. The word literally means a Ukrainian national dish [uk]. Notable people with the surname include:
* Maksym Salamakha (born 1996), Ukrainian footballer
* Orest Salamakha (born 1991), Ukrainian politician
* Valentyna Salamakha (born 1986), Ukrainian-Azerbaijani handball player
* Daniil Solomakha (born 1996), Ukrainian footballer
* Tatiana Solomakha (1892–1918), Russian Communist revolutionary
# Ma Xiaodan

Ma Xiaodan (Chinese: 马晓丹, born 20 May 1998) is a Chinese rugby sevens player. She competed for the Chinese women's sevens team at the 2024 Summer Olympics in Paris. She was originally listed as a traveling reserve but played in the quarterfinal match against New Zealand.
# Goran Stojiljković (runner)

Goran Stojiljković (Serbian: Горан Стојиљковић; born November 13, 1979) is a Montenegrin marathon runner. He set both a national record and a personal best time of 2:20:11 at the 2008 Rotterdam Marathon in the Netherlands.
Stojiljković represented Montenegro at the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing, where he competed for the men's marathon. He successfully finished the race in sixty-second place by ten seconds behind Peru's Constantino León, with a time of 2:28:14. His former coaches are Tomislav Stefanović and Aleksandar Petrović.
# Emilie Petersen

Emilie Charlotta Petersen, née Eckert (15 July 1780 in Hamburg – 10 January 1859 in Kärda), known as Mormor på Herrestad (The Herrestad Grandmother), was a Swedish landowner and philanthropist. She was a pioneer within the sewing society in Sweden, as well as an internationally known philanthropist.

## Life

Emilie Petersen was the daughter of the councilor Christian Eckert and married the wealthy merchant Johan Philip Petersen in 1800 in Hamburg. The couple emigrated to Sweden when Hamburg was taken by Napoleon in 1806, and in 1813, they bought the manor Herrestad.
Petersen supported the Swedish Missionary Society from 1835, and from 1838, she regularly arranged religious sewing meetings, which are regarded to have introduced the sewing society in Sweden.
During the famines in the 1830s when the crops failed, Petersen arranged, in collaboration with the authorities, the Fruntimmersföreningen i Kärda ('Kärda Women's Society'), a society that provided work for poor women within the parish with her estate in the center of the organization. The principle of the society was economic funds given to the poor upon religious humanitarian grounds in exchange for a workforce. The society gradually expanded to surrounding parishes: it became famous and received economic support both nationally and internationally.
She also held an orphanage for poor orphans, which gave her the name Mormor på Herrestad (The Herrestad Grandmother).
Petersen had a number of visitors, including revivalists Carl Olof Rosenius, Mathilda Foy, and Amelie von Braun. She was also the godmother to missionary Peter Fjellstedt's son, Joel.
# Ch'oe Hang (Joseon civil minister)

Ch'oe Hang (Korean: 최항; Hanja: 崔恒; 1409–1474) was a prominent civil minister (called munsin) and scholar who came from the Sangnyeong Ch'oe clan during the Joseon period.
In 1434, the 16th year of Sejong the Great's reign, as he passed gwageo or civil minister exam, with the highest point, he was appointed as the title of Buchucan (副修撰) at Hall of Worthies (Jiphyeonjeon). He participated in helping the king create hangul, Korean alphabet. He also devoted to compiling Tongguk t'onggam and Kyŏngguk taejŏn (Code of Law).

## Family

* Father: Ch'oe Sayu (최사유; 崔士柔)
* Mother: Lady, of the Haeju Oh clan (증 정경부인 해주 오씨; 贈 貞敬夫人 海州 吳氏)
* Wife: Lady, of the Dalseong Seo clan (정경부인 달성 서씨; 貞敬夫人 達城 徐氏)
** 1st son: Ch'oe Yŏngnin (최영린; 崔永潾)
** 2nd son: Ch'oe Yŏngho (최영호; 崔永灝; 1457–1481)
# Erik Leue

Erik Leue (born August 9, 1985) is a German sprint canoer who has competed since 2007. He won two medals at the ICF Canoe Sprint World Championships with a gold (C-2 1000 m: 2009) and a silver (C-4 1000 m: 2007).
# Belaya (Angara)

The Belaya (Russian: Бе́лая, Exe Bülen) is a river in Irkutsk Oblast and Buryatia in Russia, The area of its basin is 18,000 square kilometres (6,900 sq mi).
There are nephrite and graphite deposits in the Belaya basin.

## Course

The river is a left tributary of the Angara, which flows into the Bratsk Reservoir. It is formed at the confluence of the Bolshaya Belaya (Big Belaya) and Malaya Belaya (Little Belaya). Its length is 359 kilometres (223 mi) from the source of Bolshaya Belaya in the Belskye Goltsy of the Eastern Sayan. Not including the latter the length is 79 kilometres (49 mi).
Besides the Malaya Belaya, the main tributary is the Urik. There are about 400 lakes in the basin. The Belaya freezes up in October or November and stays under ice until April or May.