OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Muhkam and Mutashabih

Muḥkam and Mutashābih (Arabic: محکم و متشابه) in Quranic exegesis is the categorization of verses as "clear" (Muhkam) or "ambiguous" (Mutashabih.)
The definition of the two terms was and remains contentious. Some exegetes consider the distinction to be of whether or not the verses require further interpretation or reflection when read. Others consider Mukham to be verses with one meaning and Mutashabih those with multiple possible meanings (and for which the most appropriate meaning needs to be deduced.)
Some of the most important Mutashabih verses are those that describe God in anthropomorphic terms, including him having "Hands", a "Face" or ascending/being on "the Throne." The question of if these terms should be read literally or metaphorically was debated extensively in the early centuries of Islam, and continues to be debated.

## Quranic passage

The basis of the division of verses is the Quranic passage:
   He it is Who has revealed the Book to you; some of its verses are decisive (Muhkam), they are the basis of the Book, and others are allegorical (Mutashabih); then as for those in whose hearts there is perversity they follow the part of it which is allegorical, seeking to mislead and seeking to give it (their own) interpretation. but none knows its interpretation except Allah, and those who are firmly rooted in knowledge say: We believe in it, it is all from our Lord; and none do mind except those having understanding.

## Commentary

Tafsir al-Tustari carries a report attributed toʿAlī in which he states:
   [Those rooted in knowledge] are the ones whom knowledge has protected from plunging [into the interpretation of the Qurʾān] according to some whim (hawā) or with set arguments (ḥujaj maḍrūba) without [awareness of] the unseen [mysteries] (ghuyūb).
# Kalim, Iran

Kalim (Persian: كاليم, also Romanized as Kālīm) is a village in Rastupey Rural District, in the Central District of Savadkuh County, Mazandaran Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 10, in 4 families.
# Congregation of Saint Michael the Archangel

The Congregation of Saint Michael the Archangel (Latin: Congregatio Sancti Michaëlis Archangeli) abbreviated CSMA, also known as the Michaelites, is a Catholic clerical religious congregation of Pontifical Right for men (brothers and priests) founded by the Blessed Father Bronisław Markiewicz, a Polish priest from Miejsce Piastowe, Poland. The Congregation of Saint Michael the Archangel is one of the 30 officially recognized groups of the Salesian Family of Don Bosco.

## History

On September 29, 1921, the Bishop of Kraków Adam Stefan Sapieha issued the Erecting Decree of the Congregation. Two members of the congregation, Blessed Władysław Błądziński and Adalbert Nierychlewski, are among the 108 Martyrs of World War II.
The Congregation was recognized by Pope Paul VI on June 15, 1966.

## The Michaelites today

Headquartered in the suburbs of Warsaw, the congregation is a community of brothers and priests that operates in a number of countries around the world including Argentina, Paraguay, Italy, Germany, Belarus, Papua New Guinea, Australia, Austria, Canada and the USA. At the end of 2020, the congregation had 33 communities and 311 members, including 270 priests.
Their apostolic activity concentrates on the education of children and youths. The Congregation runs two orphanages, several oratories and youth centres, five schools and 101 parishes The Congregation also runs a publishing house, "Wydawnictwo Michaelineum". In 2012, the Michaelites expanded into the United States, taking custody of St. Clare of Montefalco Parish in Grosse Pointe Park, Michigan.
In September 2020, Pope Francis congratulated the congregation on it upcoming centennial anniversary, and encouraged its members to continue to spread devotion to St. Michael. In September 2021, the Congregation celebrated its 100-year jubilee with a Mass of Thanksgiving at celebrated at St. Peter's Cathedral Basilica (London, Ontario).

## Congregation of the Sisters of St. Michael the Archangel

Servant of God Anna Kaworek (1872–1936) helped to co-found the Sisters of St. Michael. In 1894, she came to Miejsce Piastowe. In 1897, together with 5 companions, she made private vows of chastity, poverty and obedience. She and the other sisters cared for orphans and helped to publish the magazine Powściągowość i Praca. The Sisters of the Congregation received canonical approval in 1928; they work in 6 European countries and as missionaries in Cameroon.
# Ivan Trubetskoy

Prince Ivan Yurievich Trubetskoy (Russian: Иван Юрьевич Трубецкой; 28 June 1667 – 27 January 1750) was a Russian field marshal, promoted in 1728. The son of Yuriy Trubetskoy, as a member of the House of Trubetskoy, he was a member of the inner circle of Tsar Peter I of Russia of the House of Romanov. Made a boyar in 1692, Trubetskoy commanded part of the Russian fleet during the Azov campaigns in 1696. In 1699, he was named governor of Novgorod. Trubetskoy ordered surrender during the Battle of Narva in 1700. He was captured and held prisoner in Sweden until exchanged in 1718. At the moment of death he remain the last living boyar in Russia. Elisabeth made him member of the renewed Senate.
# Farkharan

Parkharan (Persian: پارخاران, also Romanized as Farkharān and Parrokhran; also known as Parkhazān, Kārkharān, and Pārkhārān) is a village in Sina Rural District, in the Central District of Varzaqan County, East Azerbaijan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 341, in 66 families.
# Khang Narbaneh Pir

Khang Narbaneh Pir (Persian: خنگ ناربنه پير, also Romanized as Khang Nārbaneh Pīr) is a village in Bahmai-ye Garmsiri-ye Shomali Rural District, Bahmai-ye Garmsiri District, Bahmai County, Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 71, in 13 families.
# Horizon (1971 film)

Horizon (Hungarian: Horizont) is a Hungarian film directed by Pál Gábor. It was released in 1971.

## Cast

* Péter Fried - Karesz
* Lujza Orosz - Karesz anyja
* Szilvia Marossy - Ágnes
* József Madaras - Autószerelõ
* Zsuzsa Bognár - Rózsa
* Zoltán Vadász - Hajdú elvtárs
* Erzsi Hegedüs - Hajdúné
* Ferenc Baracsi - Götz tanár úr
* Ilona Gurnik - Asszistensnõ
* Ildikó Hámori - Titkárnõ
* Miklós Stern - Bajuszos pszichológus
* Hugó Szerencsi - Portás
* Ernõ Szénási - Tisztviselõ
* Sándor Szoboszlai - Szemüveges pszichológus
* György Vizi
# 1892 Wisconsin Badgers football team

The 1892 Wisconsin Badgers football team represented the University of Wisconsin as a member of the Intercollegiate Athletic Association of the Northwest (IAANW) during the 1892 college football season. Led by Billy Crawford in his first and only season as head coach, the Badgers compiled an overall record of 4–3 with a mark of 2–2 in conference playing, placing second in the IAANW. The team's captain was John D. Freeman.
Crawford had coached the football team at Butler University the year before.

## Schedule

| Date | Time | Opponent | Site | Result | Attendance |
| October 1 | 2:30 p.m. | Beloit* | Randall FieldMadison, WI | W 30–4 | |
| October 15 | | Michigan | Randall FieldMadison, WI | L 6–10 | 800 |
| October 19 | 3:30 p.m. | at Purdue* | Stuart FieldWest Lafayette, IN | L 6–34 | |
| October 22 | | vs. Lake Forest* | Athletic ParkMilwaukee, WI | W 10–6 | |
| October 29 | 2:30 p.m. | Minnesota | Randall FieldMadison, WI (rivalry) | L 4–32 | |
| November 19 | | at Northwestern | Jordan FieldEvanston, IL | W 26–6 | |
| November 24 | 11:00 a.m. | vs. Northwestern | Athletic ParkMilwaukee, WI | W 20–6 | |
| *Non-conference game |||||||
# Asahi, Nagano

Asahi (朝日村, Asahi-mura) is a village located in Nagano Prefecture, Japan. As of 1 April 2019, the village had an estimated population of 4,569 in 1533 households, and a population density of 63.4 persons per km². The total area of the village is 70.62 square kilometres (27.27 sq mi).

## Geography

Nagawa is located in the centre of Nagano Prefecture within the Matsumoto Basin. Mount Hachimori (2446 meters) is the highest elevation in the village. The Shin-Shinano Frequency Converter Station is located in Asahi.

### Climate

The village has a climate characterized by characterized by cool humid summers, and cold winters with heavy snowfall (Köppen climate classification Dfb). The average annual temperature in Asahi is 7.1 °C. The average annual rainfall is 2151 mm with July as the wettest month. The temperatures are highest on average in August, at around 20.1 °C, and lowest in January, at around -6.7 °C.

### Surrounding municipalities

* Nagano Prefecture
** Kiso
** Matsumoto
** Shiojiri
** Yamagata

## History

The area of present-day Nagawa was part of ancient Shinano Province. Most of the area was part of the holdings of Matsumoto Domain, with a portion held by Takatō Domain during the Edo period. The village of Asahi was established on April 1, 1889 by the establishment of the modern municipalities system.

## Demographics

Per Japanese census data, the population of Asahi has remained relatively stable over the past 80 years.

## Education

Asahi has one public elementary school and one public middle school operated jointly between Asahi and neighboring Yamagata village. The village does not have a high school.

## Transportation
### Railway

The village does not have any passenger railway service.

### Highway

The village is not located on any national highway.
# Dmitry Chechulin

Dmitry Nikolaevich Chechulin (Russian: Дми́трий Никола́евич Чечу́лин; 22 August [O.S. 9 August] 1901, in Shostka – 29 October 1981, in Moscow) was a Russian Soviet architect, city planner, author, and leading figure of Stalinist architecture.

## Life

Born in Shostka (Sumy Oblast, today in Ukraine) to a working-class family, after service in the Red Army Chechulin enrolled in the state school Vkhutemas and graduated in 1929, doing post-graduate work under Alexey Shchusev.
In the 1930s Chechulin was awarded commissions for four stations of the Moscow Metro, and developed his career to design a list of familiar Moscow landmarks. From 1945 through 1949 he served as chief architect of Moscow.
Chechulin's work intersects with the Palace of the Soviets competition (the major event in Soviet architectural history) at multiple points. He was among the twelve finalists in the final round. He is credited for the Kotelnicheskaya Embankment Building, one of the seven Moscow vysotki (tall buildings) commissioned by Stalin after World War II as a "frame" for, and then in lieu of, the unbuilt Palace. Chechulin had produced plans for the unbuilt eighth tower, the Zaryadye skyscraper, in 1947. And when, after decades of neglect and delay, the huge excavation for the Palace of the Soviets finally became the world's largest open-air swimming pool in 1958, he was the architect.
Chechulin wrote nearly 40 books, pamphlets, monographs and articles on architecture, urban planning and design issues. Among his many awards were Hero of Socialist Labour (1976), People's Architect of the USSR (1971), two Orders of Lenin, two Orders of the Red Banner of Labour, the Order of Honour, and three Stalin Prizes (1941, 1949, 1953).
He died 29 October 1981 and is buried at Novodevichy Cemetery.

## Work

The following works are in Moscow unless otherwise indicated:
* Komsomolskaya (Sokolnicheskaya Line) station, Moscow Metro, 1935
* vestibules for Okhotny Ryad Metro station, 1935
* Kievskaya (Filyovskaya Line) Metro station, 1937
* vestibules for the Dynamo Metro station, 1938
* the Moscow Pavilion at the All-Union Agricultural Exhibition, now the All-Russia Exhibition Centre, 1939
* Tchaikovsky Concert Hall, 1940
* the Victory Bridge (with sculptor Nikolai Tomsky), 1943
* the Stalinist skyscraper at the Kotelnicheskaya Embankment (one of the Seven Sisters), 1947–1952
* the Peking Hotel, 1955
* Moskva Pool, 1958
* the White House, 1965–1981
* the Rossiya Hotel, Moscow, on the site of the unbuilt Zaryadye tower, 1967 (razed 2006)

## Sources

* Chechulin's Palace of the Soviets entry
* list of buildings
# Peter Macklem

Peter Tiffany Macklem OC FRSC FRCPC (October 4, 1931 – February 11, 2011) was a Canadian doctor, medical researcher and hospital administrator.

## Life

Peter Tiffany Macklem was born in 1931 in Kingston, Ontario, and grew up there. He was educated at Queen's University and McGill University Medical School, receiving his MD, CM from McGill in 1956.
He married Joy Belcourt and had five children. A resident of the Thousand Islands area, he helped lead the campaign (still in progress) to have the Saint Lawrence River named a Canadian Heritage River. He was also president of the Thousand Islands Area Residents' Association.
He died suddenly at home in Brockville, Ontario, in 2011, at the age of 79.
His nephew, Tiff Macklem, served as the 10th governor of the Bank of Canada.

## Medical career

Macklem trained as a resident in internal medicine at the Royal Victoria Hospital (RVH) and then became a research fellow in the cardio-respiratory service for the hospital. This formed the basis for his lifelong interest in the mechanics of breathing. In 1963, he became a fellow of the Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Canada. In 1967, Maklem became director of the Respiratory division at the RVH.
In 1972, he became a professor of Medicine at McGill and senior physician at the RVH. He was founding director of the Meakins-Christie Laboratories at McGill from 1972 to 1979. In 1979, he became chief physician at the RVH and, the following year, chair of the Department of Medicine at McGill. In 1987, he became chief physician at the Montreal Chest Institute.

## Research

Macklem pioneered the study of small airway physiology in the lungs and demonstrated the early lung damage caused by smoking. He was an early explorer of the concept of respiratory muscle fatigue and shone a light on its role in respiratory disease.

## Awards and honors

In 1982, he was named a fellow of the Royal Society of Canada and, in 1988, an Officer in the Order of Canada.
In 1999, he was awarded the Trudeau Medal of the American Lung Association and the Gairdner Foundation Wightman Award. In 2003, he was awarded the Prix Michel-Sarrazin. Macklem was inducted into the Canadian Medical Hall of Fame in 2012.
# Verkhnyaya Lobanova

Verkhnyaya Lobanova (Russian: Верхняя Лобанова) is a rural locality (a village) in Ust-Zulinskoye Rural Settlement, Yurlinsky District, Perm Krai, Russia. The population was 67 as of 2010. There are 3 streets.

## Geography

Verkhnyaya Lobanova is located 12 km northeast of Yurla (the district's administrative centre) by road. Mironova is the nearest rural locality.
# Attack on Titan 2

Attack on Titan 2 (Japanese: 進撃の巨人 2, Hepburn: Shingeki no Kyojin 2), known in PAL regions as A.O.T. 2, is an action hack and slash video game based on Hajime Isayama's manga series of the same name released for Nintendo Switch, PlayStation 4, PlayStation Vita, Windows, Xbox One, and Stadia.

## Plot

The game covers the plot of the first 50 chapters of Attack on Titan (also covered by the first two seasons of the anime adaptation).
The player primarily experiences major events of the series through an original custom character who fights and interacts with characters of the manga. As a child, the player's character joins the 104th Cadet Corp, intending to slay the Armored Titan for killing their parents during the breach of Wall Maria.
The last mission of the base game has an original ending, non-canonical to both the anime and manga.
The DLC "Final Battle" covers chapters 51 to 90 of the manga (also covered by the third season of the anime).

## Gameplay

The game features cel-shaded graphics, fast-paced aerial combat, and also features the player defeating the titans in large, open areas. Key new features over the first title include a story-mode that's entirely playable in co-op, as well as a character creator. When not in combat beyond the walls, players can befriend and bond with the series' cast of characters, such as Eren Yeager, in a mode called "Daily Life."

## Development

Developed by Omega Force and published by Koei Tecmo, development launched shortly after completion of the first title. In an interview with Polygon, producer Hisashi Koinuma and Omega Force CEO Hideo Suzuki mentioned that a key focus was on making the AI more intelligent, as well as making the game more difficult in comparison to the first title. They've also worked closely with the manga's publisher Kodansha and writer Hajime Isayama in the creation of additional elements to the story. Initially the English voice cast were going to record dialogue but this was not realised due to time constraints, very much like the first game. A demo of the game was released in Japan on April 26, 2019, and worldwide on May 7, 2019, and it was distributed til July 31, 2019. The DLC "The Final Battle" was released on July 4, 2019, in Japan and on July 5 in North America and Europe.

## Reception

Aggregate score :
| Aggregator | Score |
| Metacritic | (PC) 78/100 (PS4) 75/100 (XONE) 74/100 (Switch) 72/100 |
Review scores :
| Publication | Score |
| Famitsu | 36/40 35/40 (Final Battle) |
| GameSpot | 8/10 |
| IGN | 7/10 |
| Nintendo Life | 7/10 |
| Nintendo World Report | 6/10 |
| PlayStation Official Magazine – UK | 7/10 |
Attack on Titan 2 sold 28,480 copies on PlayStation 4 within its first week on sale in Japan, which placed it at number three on the all format sales chart. The Nintendo Switch version sold 22,941 in the same week, whilst the PlayStation Vita version sold 15,621 copies.
The game was nominated for "Sound Editing in a Game Cinema" at the National Academy of Video Game Trade Reviewers Awards.
# Shahak Bazar

Shahak Bazar (Persian: شاهك بازار, also Romanized as Shāhak Bāzār; also known as Shāhvak) is a village in Talang Rural District, Talang District, Qasr-e Qand County, Sistan and Baluchestan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 262, in 49 families.
# Fathabad-e Shur

Fathabad-e Shur (Persian: فتح اباد شور, also Romanized as Fatḩābād-e Shūr; also known as Fatḩābād) is a village in Yazdanabad Rural District, Yazdanabad District, Zarand County, Kerman Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 37, in 10 families.
# Abu Faris Abdallah

Abu Faris Abdallah (Arabic: أبو فارس عبد الله السعدي), known as al-Wathiq Billah (1564 – 1608) was a Saadi dynasty ruler of some areas of Morocco. He was one of the sons of Ahmad al-Mansur and one of his harem slave concubines named Elkheizourân (some cite her name as Eldjauher). He ruled in the south of the country as well as Marrakesh and Fez between 1603 and 1608. He had numerous fights with his half-brother Zidan Abu Maali (r. 1603–1627).
# The Dazzled

The Dazzled (French: Les Éblouis) is a 2019 French film directed by Sarah Suco.

## Cast

* Camille Cottin : Christine Lourmel
* Jean-Pierre Darroussin : le Berger
* Éric Caravaca : Frédéric Lourmel
* Céleste Brunnquell : Camille Lourmel
* Laurence Roy : Mamie
* Daniel Martin : Papi
* Spencer Bogaert : Boris

## Reception

The film was critically praised by critics.
# Elbe-Stremme-Fiener

Elbe-Stremme-Fiener was a Verwaltungsgemeinschaft ("collective municipality") in the Jerichower Land district, in Saxony-Anhalt, Germany. It was situated north of Genthin, which was the seat of the Verwaltungsgemeinschaft, but not part of it.
It was disbanded on 1 January 2010.

## Subdivision

The Verwaltungsgemeinschaft Elbe-Stremme-Fiener consisted of the following municipalities:
* Brettin
* Demsin
* Jerichow
* Kade
* Karow
* Klitsche
* Nielebock
* Redekin
* Roßdorf
* Schlagenthin
* Wulkow
* Zabakuck
# Ivrea Roman Amphitheatre

The Ivrea Roman Amphitheatre (Italian: Anfiteatro romano di Ivrea) is a Roman amphitheatre located in Ivrea, Italy.

## History

The amphitheatre of the Roman colony of Eporedia (modern-day Ivrea) was built in the mid-1st century AD along the road leading to Vercelli. It is believed that it could hold more than ten thousand spectators. To build it, a pre-existing villa had to be partially demolished, with some of its walls incorporated into the structure of the amphitheatre.

## Description

The structure has an elliptical plan with a 65-metre major axis, with entrances for spectators at both ends. An underground chamber located in the middle of the arena and connected by an underground corridor to the service areas located beneath the cavea allowed the movement of stage equipment and animals.
# Alexander Braudo

Alexander Braudo (Russian: Александр Исаевич Браудо; Aleksandr Isaevich Braudo; 1864 in Vilkomir, Kovno Governorate – 1924 in London) was a Russian-Lithuanian-British Jewish author and publisher.
From 1889 until 1892 he was reviewer of literature on Russian history for the Jahresbericht der Geschichtswissenschaft and the Istoricheskoye Obozrenie, published by the University of St. Petersburg; he translated sources for Russian history, as Grevenbruch's Tragoedia Moscovitica, 1606 (history of the false Dmitri); and Neuville's Relation Curieuse, 1689 (history of the riot of the Streltsy). He wrote a number of articles in Russki Bibliograficheski Slovar, published by the Historical Society of the University of St. Petersburg, and a series of reviews in the Zhurnal Ministerstva Narodnavo Prosvyeshcheniya.
In the Voskhod for 1896 there appeared his reviews of the works of Bershadski on the history of the Jews. While secretary of the Society for the Promotion of Education Among the Jews of Russia, he succeeded in directing the activity of that organization toward the encouragement and development of elementary education among the Jews. He was member of the advisory board of the Jewish Colonization Association.
# Anarawd ap Gruffydd

Anarawd ap Gruffydd (died 1143) was a Prince of Deheubarth in Southwest Wales.

## Lineage

Anarawd was the eldest son of Gruffydd ap Rhys. On the death of his father in 1137, Anarawd took over the rule of Deheubarth.

## Resistance

In 1136 he and his brother Cadell ap Gruffydd joined with the Prince of Gwynedd, Owain Gwynedd and the latter's brother Cadwaladr ap Gruffydd in an assault on Cardigan Castle which was in Norman hands. The assault was aided by a fleet of Viking ships, but an agreement was reached and the siege lifted.

## Dispute with Canterbury

In 1140 Anarawd again supported Owain Gwynedd, this time in the dispute with the Archbishop of Canterbury about the appointment of a Bishop of Bangor.

## Death by treachery

However, in 1143 Anarawd was treacherously killed by the men of Owain's brother Cadwaladr. Cadwaladr himself was strongly suspected of having ordered the killing. This greatly angered Owain, for Anarawd had been a key ally and was about to marry Owain's daughter. Owain sent his son Hywel ab Owain Gwynedd to strip Cadwaladr of his lands in Ceredigion in punishment.

## Succession

Anarawd was followed on the throne of Deheubarth by his brother Cadell.
His son, Einion ab Anarawd, was killed by his own servant in 1163, apparently on the orders of Roger de Clare, 3rd Earl of Hertford.
# Gozal Abdal

Gozal Abdal (Persian: گزل ابدال, also Romanized as Gozal Abdāl; also known as Gowzal Abdāl, Gūzal Ābdāl, and Qizil Abdāl) is a village in Ali Sadr Rural District, Gol Tappeh District, Kabudarahang County, Hamadan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 711, in 144 families.
# Dayen

Dayen (Persian: داين, also Romanized as Dāyen) is a village in Amiriyeh Rural District, in the Central District of Arak County, Markazi Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 447, in 110 families.