OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Further Education and Training Awards Council

The Further Education and Training Awards Council (Irish: Comhairle na nDámhachtainí Breisoideachais agus Oiliúna) or FETAC was a statutory qualification-awarding body for further education in Ireland. It was established on 11 June 2001 under the Qualifications (Education and Training) Act 1999. FETAC was dissolved and its functions were passed to Quality and Qualifications Ireland (QQI) on 6 November 2012.
FETAC was the successor to the National Council for Vocational Awards (NCVA) and also made awards previously made by Fáilte Ireland – National Tourism Development Authority (previously Bord Fáilte and CERT, the Council for Education, Recruitment and Training), FÁS – Training and Employment Authority, National Council for Educational Awards (Foundation Certificate only) and Teagasc – Agriculture and Food Development Authority.
As well as making awards, FETAC validated, monitored and ensured the quality of teaching programmes, and determined standards.
FETAC did not deliver education and training programmes itself; they were delivered by a number of bodies in both the public and private sectors. Examples of teaching bodies in the public sector were Bord Iascaigh Mhara, CERT, FÁS, Teagasc, the Vocational Education Committees and Institutes of Technology.
Awards granted by FETAC were included in the ten-level National Framework of Qualifications established by the National Qualifications Authority of Ireland. FETAC awards fell into levels 1 – 6 of the framework.
# Maha Bodhi Tahtaung

Maha Bodhi Ta Htaung (Burmese: မဟာဗောဓိတထောင်, lit. 'a thousand great Bo trees') is a Buddhist religious complex located in Monywa Township, Sagaing Region, Myanmar (Burma). It is known for the Giant Standing Buddha statue, the third tallest in the world, and for the Great Attitudes of U Narãda, who built the monastery. This Sāsana (religious) site contains thousands of Buddha statues beneath thousands of Bo trees, the Giant Reclining Buddha Statue, Aung Sekkya Stupa, and other large Buddha statues. Currently, a Sitting Buddha Statue, which is expected to become the world's largest Sitting Buddha Statue, is in construction. Many Buddhist monks can study the Buddhist Pariyatti literature at the monastery. Moreover, meditation centres or Vipassãnā centres are opened at this monastic site both for monks and laypersons.

## History

Maha Bodhi Ta Htaung was founded by Maha Bodhi Ta Htaung Sayadaw Ven Nārada on 5 May 1960. He planted thousands of Bo trees throughout his life on recalling the Buddha attained beneath the Bo tree in Bodh Gaya, India. He started to plant them on a 15 acres (6.1 ha) plot, with Nan Oo Sayadaw, the grandson of King Mindon, at 8.55 AM on 6 May 1960. Bo trees hold religious significance for Buddhists since it is the tree under which Buddha attained enlightenment.
Before he reached this monastery, the monastery was just a small one for Khatakkan villagers. Now, the 15 acres (0.061 km$^2$) Bodhi Ta Htaung (One Thousand Bo Trees) Auspicious Ground has been extended to a 250 acres (1.0 km$^2$) area that has more than 9,000 Bo trees. The monastery is noted in Myanmar and around the world for its many thousands of Bodhi trees.

## Laykyun Sekkya statue

Built in 1995, the Laykyun Sekkya Buddha statue is 116 m (381 ft) high with thirty one floors, referring to the 31 planes of existence or 31 Realms of Life Cycle according to Buddhist literatures. The mural paintings in every floor for each Realm are very interesting and famous. The pedestal is 13.5 m (44 ft) high. It is the second-tallest Buddha statue in the world after the Spring Temple Buddha in China. Construction of the statue was finished in 2008. On Banda vah mountain in Bodhi Tahtaung monastery, a Sitting Buddha statue is also being built for completing the last desire of Sayadawgyi, U Nārada.

## Reclining Buddha Statue

The Reclining Buddha Statue was built on 8 January 1991. It has a length of 101.5 m (333 ft) and a width of 18.3 m (60 ft). It is hollow inside the statue and the Great Chronicles of Buddha are displayed.

## Aung Sekkya Pagoda

Built in 1979, the Aung Sekkya was modeled after the Shwedagon pagoda in Yangon. At 69 m (226 ft), the pagoda is about two thirds the size of the Shwedagon. People can walk up the outside stairs or walk through the hollow walkway inside the stupa in to the dome of the stupa.

## Leadership

The site is led by a chief abbot known as a sayadaw. The founding abbot, Ven. Narada, died in Mandalay on 22 November 2006. Since his demise, five Chief sayadaws have succeeded him as the Nāyaka Sayadaws according to his will.
# Kommuna, Vladimir Oblast

Kommuna (Russian: Комму́на) is a rural locality (a village) in Muromsky District, Vladimir Oblast, Russia. The population was 11 as of 2010. There are 2 streets.

## Geography

Kommuna is located 15 km northwest of Murom. Stroydetal is the nearest rural locality.
# Anviq

Anviq (Persian: انويق, also Romanized as Anvīq and Anavīq; also known as Amvei and Amvey) is a village in Jushin Rural District, Kharvana District, Varzaqan County, East Azerbaijan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 68, in 16 families.
# Maya Parnas

Maya Ivanovna Parnas (Russian: Майя Ивановна Парнас, Romanian: Maia Parnas; born 15 May 1974 in Tiraspol, Moldavian SSR) is a Transnistrian politician and was the former acting Prime Minister of Transnistria, temporarily replacing Tatiana Turanskaya, who was focusing on running in the 2015 elections.
# Lucy Scarbrough

Lucy Scarbrough (born Ardans June 26, 1927 – June 13, 2020) was an American pianist, conductor and educator. She taught at El Paso Community College (EPCC), and founded the El Paso Chopin Piano Festival in El Paso, Texas.

## Biography

Lucy (née Ardans) Scarbrough was born in Encino, New Mexico. She was one of ten children, and also the youngest. She studied piano first with her mother, then with American pianist and teacher, Silvio Scionti, and later with Russian pianist, Maurice Lichtman. As a teenager, she discovered her lifelong love of the music of Frédéric Chopin. Scarbrough attended the American Conservatory of Music in Chicago where she earned her doctorate, and studied with pianists such as Leo Sowerby. Following her studies at the Conservatory, Scarbrough went on to teach at the Chicago Musical College, and there continued her piano studies with the famous Rudolph Ganz, noted, among other things, for being the first concert pianist in the United States to feature the work of Maurice Ravel.
Following her marriage to Paul Scarbrough, they moved to Albuquerque, New Mexico where she taught at St. Pius X High School. She also founded the Albuquerque Interparochial Choir, and served as Music Director for the Albuquerque Light Opera Company. With her family, Scarbrough moved one last time to El Paso, Texas, where she founded the EPCC music department, Opera a la Carte (El Paso Opera) company, and the El Paso Civic Orchestra. Scarbrough worked as the conductor of the civic orchestra for 30 years. Scarbrough continued teaching at EPCC through the spring semester of 2020.
Most notably, Lucy Scarbrough was the founder of the El Paso Chopin Festival, for which she received international recognition. In 2019, the Ministry of Culture and National Heritage of the Republic of Poland awarded her the Meritorious for Polish Culture medal, in recognition of her achievements in promoting the music of Frédéric Chopin to American audiences.
Lucy Scarbrough received numerous other awards during her career such as the Minnie Stevens Piper higher education award of Texas, the National Teaching Excellence Award of the University of Texas at Austin, and the Hispanic Heritage award in 2014. She was inducted into the El Paso Women's Hall of Fame in 1996.
Lucy Scarbrough died in her home in El Paso, Texas.
# Kürük, Karlıova

Kürük (formerly Devecik, Kurdish: Kûrik) is a village in the Karlıova District, Bingöl Province, Turkey. The village is populated by Kurds of the Şukuran tribe and had a population of 224 in 2021.
The hamlet of Doğus is attached to the village.
# Chelnokovka

Chelnokovka (Russian: Челноковка) is a rural locality (a village) in Vozdvizhensky Selsoviet, Alsheyevsky District, Bashkortostan, Russia. The population was 67 as of 2010. There are 3 streets.

## Geography

Chelnokovka is located 39 km southwest of Rayevsky (the district's administrative centre) by road. Osorgino is the nearest rural locality.
# Kočarim

Kočarim (Serbian: Кочарим) is a village in the municipality of Višegrad, Bosnia and Herzegovina.
# Batel

Batel (Arabic: باتيل, romanized: Bātil, Kurdish: باتێل, romanized: Batêl) is a village and sub-district in Dohuk Governorate in Kurdistan Region, Iraq. It is located in the Simele District.

## Gallery

* Batel
* Batel
* Mosque in Batel
* Batel
# Taleporia

Taleporia is a genus of small moths. It belongs to the bagworm moth family (Psychidae). The "wastebin genus" Solenobia is technically a junior synonym of the present genus, but most of the species formerly placed there actually belong to other genera of subfamilies Taleporiinae and Naryciinae (which is sometimes included in the former).

## Footnotes

* ↑ See e.g. references in Savela (2009)
# Großwelsbach

Großwelsbach (pronounced) is a village and an Ortsteil (part) of the town of Bad Langensalza in Thuringia, central Germany, with about 250 inhabitants.

## Geography

Großwelsbach is situated 8.4 kilometres (5.2 mi) north of Bad Langensalza on the Landesstraße (state road) 1031 near the Unstrut river in an agricultural area. There is hardly any forest in the intensively used flat-wavy landscape. The climate is mild and has low precipitation, with soils mostly close to groundwater. The village is crossed by the eponymous Welsbach stream, which comes from Kleinwelsbach and flows into the mill-operating Alte Unstrut 3.4 kilometres (2.1 mi) further south of the village near Thamsbrück.

## History

The village was first mentioned in a document in 1195 or 1216. The settlement is a church village of a former knight's estate. The Gernrode Abbey once had a nunnery here, which is why there were already large agricultural areas in the village in past centuries. Hans (von) Berlepsch acquired the nunnery estate at that time, and the family owned the property for a long period. The manor, long owned by the von Berlepsch family, was badly damaged by fire in 1655. The subsequent reconstruction dragged on until 1820. In 1910, Karl Wilhelm Schmidt acquired the estate and it remained in his family's possession until expropriation in 1945. The manor house was a simple Neoclassical building. It was almost completely demolished in 1945 in the course of Order 209 of the Soviet Military Administration in Germany. The last evidence of the former estate is the Late-Gothic squat round tower on the road to Kleinwelsbach.
Until 1815, Großwelsbach belonged to the Amt (district of) Langensalza in the Electorate of Saxony and, after its cession to Prussia, from 1816 to 1944 to the Landkreis (district of) Langensalza in the Province of Saxony.
Großwelsbach was incorporated into Bad Langensalza on 1 January 1994.

## Culture and sights

St Blaise's Church (German: St. Blasii) was built of Grenzdolomit; the massive tower, which was also erected as a fortified tower, bears the year 1503 written in Gothic majuscules.
# Anton de Vieira

António Manuel de Vieira, known in Russia as Count Anton Manuilovich Devier (also spelled Divier; Russian: Антон Мануилович Девиер – c. 1682 – 6 July [O.S. 24 June] 1745), was one of Peter I's foreign associates, who proved to be an efficient administrator in St Petersburg and Siberia. He was St. Petersburg's first chief of police and was identified as a main rival of Alexander Danilovich Menshikov at Catherine I's court. De Vieira was the father of Peter Devier.

## Biography

His date and place of birth are uncertain - sources differ on whether he was born in Portugal, in the province of Minho, in 1673–1674, or less likely in Amsterdam c. 1682. An account cited that he was an alleged descendant of the Portuguese Marranos. His mother was a Christian but his father was a Jew who moved with his family from Portugal to the Low Countries where he converted to Christianity. During the Grand Embassy of Peter the Great to Europe (1697), the tsar was allowed by the Dutch sailors to command a ship, where Vieira served as a cabin-boy. He was taken by the tsar to Russia in the capacity of his page and orderly, gradually rising to the rank of adjutant-general in 1718.
That same year, he fell in love with Prince Menshikov's sister and seduced her. They were apprehended by her brother, who ordered Vieira to be beaten to death. The latter, however, appealed to the tsar for mercy, and Peter ordered Vieira to be liberated and married to Menshikov's sister the very next day. A month later, he was appointed the first chief of St Petersburg Police. During his term in office, Vieira gained renown for his strict attitude towards brigands and outlaws who had previously crowded to the newly built Russian capital.
After Peter's death, Vieira managed to maintain his position, chiefly through the influence of his wife, a lady-in-waiting at the court of Catherine I. On 24 October 1726 he was made count and admitted to the Senate. His brother-in-law's influence on the Empress, however, was paramount. As Vieira dared to oppose Menshikov's plan of marrying his daughter to the future Peter II of Russia, he was arrested and put to the torture. After 10 days of inquest, Vieira was stripped of his estates and titles and exiled to Yakutia, where he would live in utter oblivion for four years.
In 1731, when Vitus Bering was commissioned to set a separate government for Okhotsk, he could not find anywhere in the Far East a more capable and experienced man than Vieira. The latter was summoned to Okhotsk and appointed its governor in 1739. During his term in office, he established a shipyard and a nautical school, which would continue for a century.
Upon Elizaveta Petrovna's ascension to the throne in 1741, she was told that the associate of her father was still living on the shores of the Pacific. The old man was recalled to St Petersburg and reinstated as its police chief. Having been restituted in his comital title and invested with the Order of St. Alexander Nevsky, Vieira died in 1745.
# Bolshoye Borisovo

Bolshoye Borisovo (Russian: Большое Борисово) is a rural locality (a selo) in Seletskoye Rural Settlement, Suzdalsky District, Vladimir Oblast, Russia. The population was 112 as of 2010. There are 5 streets.

## Geography

Bolshoye Borisovo is located 23 km northeast of Suzdal (the district's administrative centre) by road. Subbotino is the nearest rural locality.
# Pains Island

Painis Island is one of the West Wellesley Islands, in Queensland's Gulf of Carpentaria, Australia. it is within the Shire of Mornington. It is located 4.83 km northwest of the mainland, and less than a kilometre north of Bayley Island.
# Balgazy

Balgazy (Russian: Балгазы; Bashkir: Балғажы, Balğajı) is a rural locality (a village) in Nikifarovsky Selsoviet, Alsheyevsky District, Bashkortostan, Russia. The population was 95 as of 2010. There are 2 streets.

## Geography

Balgazy is located 57 km southwest of Rayevsky (the district's administrative centre) by road. Novye Balgazy is the nearest rural locality.
# Gudolf Blakstad

Gudolf Blakstad (19 May 1893 – 22 November 1985) was a Norwegian architect. He was noted for his work in the transition between neo-classicism and functionalism in Norwegian architecture.

## Biography

Blakstad was born in Gjerpen, Norway. He was the son of Wilhelm Eriksen Blakstad (1863-1963) and Gunvor Kjos (1855-1932). Blakstad was educated at the Norwegian Institute of Technology where he graduated in 1916. In 1921 he married Ragnfrid Matheson Brun, in Kristiana, Norway. From 1922 he started his own practice in Oslo together with Arnstein Arneberg and Herman Munthe-Kaas. He would maintain a partnership with Herman Munthe-Kaas in the architectural firm Blakstad og Munthe-Kaas Arkitekter for more than 50 years. During 1927, Arno Berg, the city antiquarian in Oslo, urged him and other artists and architects to create ideas for enhancing the vibrancy and friendliness of the city's architectural heritage. The artist Henrik Sørensen had the initiative to start this urban development project. During the period 1922–1960, they participated in 66 contests, won prizes in 33 of them, of which all 22 were first prizes. The firm ceased in 1989.
The firm collaborated on several significant assignments in Norway including Kunstnernes Hus for which they were awarded the Houen Foundation Award in 1931. Their work also included the City Hall in Haugesund (1931), Elgeseter Bridge (1951) in Trondheim, Bodø Cathedral (1956) in the Diocese of Sør-Hålogaland and Alfaset chapel (1972) in Oslo. He also drew Det Nye Teater with Jens Gram Dunker.
# Oleg Ivanovsky

Oleg Genrikhovich Ivanovsky (Russian: Оле́г Ге́нрихович Ивано́вский; 18 January 1922 – 18 September 2014) was a Russian engineer in the former Soviet space program who played a pioneering role in spacecraft construction.
Ivanovsky graduated from the Moscow Power Engineering Institute in 1953. Designer-General Sergei Korolev recruited him into the Soviet space program. Ivanovsky rose to chief designer at OKB-1, Korolev's design bureau. Among other things he was deputy principal designer of the first and second Sputniks, principal designer of Vostok manned spaceships, and creator of space probes. Ivanovsky personally helped Yuri Gagarin mount the gantry and climb into Vostok 1 and helped rebolt the hatch after Gagarin complained that it had not been closed and sealed correctly. He was said to be the last person to shake Gagarin's hand before the Vostok 1 flight. Ivanovsky was the Recipient of the Lenin Prize (1960) and USSR State Prize (1977).
# Ivankovo, Muromsky District, Vladimir Oblast

Ivankovo (Russian: Ива́ньково) is a rural locality (a village) in Kovarditskoye Rural Settlement, Muromsky District, Vladimir Oblast, Russia. The population was 183 as of 2010. There are 3 streets.

## Geography

Ivankovo is located 10 km west of Murom (the district's administrative centre) by road. Koldino is the nearest rural locality.
# South Africa national debt

The national debt of South Africa is the total quantity of money borrowed by the Government of South Africa at any time through the issue of securities by the South African Treasury and other government agencies.
As of 2021/22 total South African government debt was $130 billion. The country's debt to GDP ratio in October 2020 was calculated at 82.76% of GDP by the International Monetary Fund.
Roughly 90% of the national debt in 2019/20 was denominated in South African rand thereby reducing borrowing risk due to currency fluctuations. By September 2020 around US$157 billion of South Africa's national debt was externally owned. As of December 2021 the share of domestic bonds held by foreign investors was 28.2%, this represented a declined to a 10-year low.

## History
### Apartheid era

During apartheid South Africa faced a worsening financial situation stemming from an economic recession and increasing international sanctions in the 1980s. In 1980 the country's total debt amounted to US$16.9 billion, representing a debt to GDP ratio of 20%. By 1984 the country's debt had increased to US$24.3 billion representing a debt to GDP ratio of 46%. The deteriorating political situation stemming from apartheid policies resulted in "huge capital outflows and a temporary closure of foreign exchange markets" between 1984 and 1985. In August 1985 the stability of South Africa's financial situation was put under severe pressure following P.W. Botha's Rubicon speech. The speech and the lack of commitment by the government to roll back apartheid legislation resulted in a sovereign default on the debt when global lenders refused to rollover South Africa's debts. The final payment of $6.89 billion on the $13.6 billion 1985 debt was made by the South African government in 2001.

### Post-apartheid era

South Africa's national debt was effectively reduced during the Mandela and Mbeki administrations. The debt significantly increased from 2008 onwards during the presidencies of Jacob Zuma and Cyril Ramaphosa.
By 2009 South Africa's debt to GDP ratio dropped to 28% from 34.6% in 2006. South Africa's debt grew between 2008 and 2012 as the country prepared for the 2010 FIFA World Cup and run a countercyclical fiscal policy in response to the financial crisis of 2007-2008 and the 2020 COVID-19 pandemic. This increased the debt to GDP ratio to 43.9% of GDP by 2014.

## Future expectations of the debt

As of 2020, at current rates of expenditure and revenue generation it is expected that by 2028/29 the country's debt to GDP ratio will exceed 100%. The COVID-19 pandemic saw a notable increase in South Africa's national debt as government borrowing increased to fund economic stimulus and combat the pandemic. Halting the growth, or reducing, the amount of the national budget allocated to paying civil servants is seen as an important part of reducing the growth of the national debt.
# Veyar, Hamadan

Veyar (Persian: وير) is a village in Sardrud-e Sofla Rural District, Sardrud District, Razan County, Hamadan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 53, in 14 families.
# Eringhem

Eringhem (French pronunciation:; Dutch: Eringem) is a commune in the Nord department and Hauts-de-France region of northern France.
Located about halfway between Dunkirk and Saint-Omer in the historical region of French Westhoek, its West Flemish name is Eringem.
The village churchyard contains the graves of three Royal Air Force men killed in action in May 1940, among them Pilot Officer Sir Arnold Talbot Wilson.

## History

Eringhem is first mentioned in documents dating from the 9th century, at which time it was known as Ebersingahem, meaning the homestead of Eberso's people. Until the French Revolution, the settlement belonged to the castellany of Bourbourg. A papal bull issued by Pope Paschal II in 1113 confirmed the Count of Flanders' grant of the land to the Abbey of Bourbourg. In the 12th century, the Count of Guînes founded a convent at Eringhem. The château of Eringhem is mentioned as belonging to Louis of Luxembourg in 1458.

## Heraldry

| Arms of Eringhem | The arms of Eringhem are blazoned : Gyronny of 10 Or and azure, an inescutcheon gules. (Eringhem and Faumont use the same arms.) |