OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Touradji Capital Management

Touradji Capital Management is a hedge fund based in New York City.
It was founded by Paul Touradji in January 2005 after his previous venture, Catequil Asset Management, was closed amid a legal dispute.
Touradji Capital is called a "Tiger Cub", as it is a fund that grew out of Julian Robertson's Tiger Management.
In 2007, the fund had $0.5 billion under management.
In January–July 2012, Peter Borish was CEO of Touradji Capital Management.
In May 2019, a Manhattan jury unanimously found Touradji Capital Management LP responsible for the compensation of two former portfolio managers, Gentry Beach and Robert Vollero. The verdict awarded the former employees over $40m and with statutory interest the judgment was entered in an amount in excess of $90m. According to the New York Law Journal, Seiden Law LLP in New York, with attorneys Robert Seiden, Michael Stolper and David Greenberger handled the litigation against Touradji Capital Management LP and will be handling the appeal.
# Vladimir Osenev

Vladimir Ivanovich Osenev (Russian: Владимир Иванович Осенев; 8 September 1908 – 1 April 1977) was a Soviet stage, film and voice actor. After graduating from Vakhtangov Theatre in the 1930s he had a stage career spanning four decades. Yet he was more noticed by his occasional appearances in films and animation series, such as the award-winning Winnie-the-Pooh trilogy. He also played in The Brothers Karamazov, which was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film in 1969. Osenev was made an Honored Artist of Russia in 1956 and People's Artist of Russia in 1969.
Osenev considered himself a serious actor and first despised the "childish" text of the narrator in Winnie-the-Pooh, but changed his attitude after seeing the final result.

## Filmography

* Boule de Suif (1934) as German soldier (uncredited)
* The Great Glinka (1946) as episode (uncredited)
* Admiral Ushakov (1953) as city dweller (uncredited)
* Man without a Passport (1966) as Fyodor Katko
* Major Whirlwind (1967, TV Series) as Krauch
* The Seventh Companion (1968) as Priklonsky
* The Shield and the Sword (1968, TV Mini-Series) as Hitler
* The Brothers Karamazov (1969) as judge
* Subject for a Short Story (1969) as Kurbatov
* Winnie-the-Pooh (1969, Short) as Narrator (voice)
* The Flight (1971) as Tikhiy
* Winnie-the-Pooh Pays a Visit (1971, Short) as Narrator (voice)
* Winnie-the-Pooh and a Busy Day (1972, Short) as Narrator (voice)
* Diamonds for the Dictatorship of the Proletariat (1975) as Stopansky
* Agony (1981) as Shturmer (final film role)
# Dominik Stroh-Engel

Dominik "Dodo" Stroh-Engel (born 27 November 1985) is a German professional former footballer who played as a forward.

## Career

Stroh-Engel was born in Ehringshausen. From 2005 until December 2006 he played for Eintracht Frankfurt. In the 2005–06 season he scored half of the goals of the reserves in the Oberliga. He played well at the indoor tournaments and made his first Bundesliga match against Hannover 96 when he came on as a substitute for Alexander Meier. He made three appearances before leaving in 2007 to sign for SV Wehen Wiesbaden. After the end of the 2009–10 season his contract with Wehen Wiesbaden was cancelled, and Stroh-Engel moved to SV Babelsberg 03. He returned to Wehen two seasons later, where he remained for one season.
In July 2013, Stroh-Engel joined Darmstadt 98. On 14 March 2014, he set a new 3. Liga record by scoring his 23rd goal of the season against Hansa Rostock. The previous record of 22 goals was set in the 2009–10 season by Régis Dorn of SV Sandhausen. He ended the season as the division's record top scorer, with 27 goals becoming a key factor in the surprise promotion of Darmstadt 98 into the German 2. Liga.
He scored a further nine goals in the 2. Bundesliga which helped in securing promotion to the Bundesliga.
# Sobanice

Sobanice is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Naruszewo, within Płońsk County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately 18 kilometres (11 mi) south of Płońsk and 58 km (36 mi) north-west of Warsaw.
# 1987 in Scottish television

This is a list of events in Scottish television from 1987.

## Events
### January

* No events.

### February

* No events.

### March

* 3 March –
** Debut of the BBC Scotland drama Tutti Frutti.
** Take the High Road returns from its annual break, and from this date, the soap begins to be shown twice a week all year round.

### April

* No events.

### May

* No events.

### June

* 11 – 12 June – Coverage of the results of the 1987 general election is broadcast both on BBC1 and ITV.
* 29 June – Schools programmes are broadcast on ITV for the last time.

### July

* No events.

### August

* 31 August – The 30th anniversary of Scottish Television.

### September

* 7 September – ITV launches a full morning programme schedule, with advertising, for the first time. The new service includes regular five-minute national and Scottish news bulletins.
* 14 September – After 30 years on ITV, ITV Schools moves to Channel 4. Opt outs of the network schools schedule continue, thereby allowing programmes relevant to schools in Scotland to continue to be broadcast. To date, this is the only time that Scotland has opted out of the Channel 4 schedule.

### October to December

* No events.

## Debuts
### BBC

* 3 March – Tutti Frutti (1987)

## Television series

* Scotsport (1957–2008)
* Reporting Scotland (1968–1983; 1984–present)
* Top Club (1971–1998)
* Scotland Today (1972–2009)
* Sportscene (1975–present)
* The Beechgrove Garden (1978–present)
* Grampian Today (1980–2009)
* Take the High Road (1980–2003)
* Taggart (1983–2010)
* James the Cat (1984–1992)
* Crossfire on Grampian (1984–2004)
* City Lights (1984–1991)
* The Campbells (1986–1990)
* Naked Video (1986–1991)

## Ending this year

* 7 April – Tutti Frutti (1987)

## Births

* 8 August – Katie Leung, actress

## Deaths

* 4 February – Fyfe Robertson, 84, television journalist
* 6 June – Fulton Mackay, actor (Porridge)
* Unknown – Finlay J. MacDonald, 61, radio and television presenter
# Kayabağlar, Kurtalan

Kayabağlar (Kurdish: Zokayd) is a belde in the Kurtalan District of Siirt Province in Turkey. It had a population of 5,179 in 2021.
It is divided into the neighborhoods of Bağlar, Çeşme and Kayalı.
# Stone Fields in the Schmale Heath and Extension

54°28′08″N 13°33′28″E﻿ / ﻿54.46884°N 13.55782°E﻿ / 54.46884; 13.55782
The Stone Fields in the Schmale Heath and Extension (German: Steinfelder in der Schmalen Heide und Erweiterung) is a nature reserve (Naturschutzgebiet), 199 hectares in area, on the German island of Rügen in Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania. It includes large flint fields (German: Feuersteinfelder), a representative section of the Schmale Heath and a separate extension with near-natural coastal dunes. The reserve was created on 27 April 1935. Two extensions of the nature reserve area came into force in the years 1959 and 1990.
The areas are located seven kilometres north of Binz between the Kleiner Jasmunder Bodden and the Baltic Sea. The reserve is assessed as in good condition. The high numbers of visiting tourists in the flint fields causes disturbances, though, to the fauna.
The nature reserve is accessible via a footpath from Neu Mukran.
In 2009 the nature reserve areas were taken over by the German Federal Environment Foundation (Deutsche Bundesstiftung Umwelt). According to EU law, the nature reserve is part of the Special Area of Conservation known as the Kleiner Jasmunder Bodden, Jasmund Peninsula and Schmale Heath (Kleiner Jasmunder Bodden mit Halbinseln und Schmaler Heide).
# Oakfield (town), Wisconsin

Oakfield is a town in Fond du Lac County, Wisconsin, United States. The population was 767 at the 2000 census. The Village of Oakfield is located within the town. The unincorporated community of Oak Center is also located in the town.

## Geography

According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 35.8 square miles (92.7 km$^2$), of which, 35.8 square miles (92.6 km$^2$) of it is land and 0.1 square miles (0.1 km$^2$) of it (0.14%) is water.

## Demographics

As of the census of 2000, there were 767 people, 252 households, and 203 families residing in the town. The population density was 21.5 people per square mile (8.3/km$^2$). There were 267 housing units at an average density of 7.5 per square mile (2.9/km$^2$). The racial makeup of the town was 99.61% White, 0.13% Native American and 0.26% Asian. 0.13% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.
There were 252 households, out of which 41.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 75.0% were married couples living together, 2.8% had a female householder with no husband present, and 19.4% were non-families. 16.7% of all households were made up of individuals, and 7.9% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 3.04 and the average family size was 3.46.
In the town, the population was spread out, with 30.4% under the age of 18, 7.7% from 18 to 24, 27.6% from 25 to 44, 24.9% from 45 to 64, and 9.4% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 36 years. For every 100 females, there were 112.5 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 113.6 males.
The median income for a household in the town was $51,917, and the median income for a family was $53,558. Males had a median income of $37,375 versus $23,125 for females. The per capita income for the town was $18,615. About 0.9% of families and 2.1% of the population were below the poverty line, including 1.2% of those under age 18 and 5.1% of those age 65 or over.

## Notable people

* Henry D. Hitt, legislator
* Almon Swan, legislator
* Edgar Wilcox, legislator

## F5 Tornado

On July 18, 1996, A supercell thunderstorm dropped an F5 tornado which destroyed much of the town. The tornado roped out in the town of Eden. There were a total of 12 tornadoes that day in southeast Wisconsin.
# Ghana national rugby union team

The Ghana national rugby union team represents Ghana in international rugby union. Ghana are a member of the International Rugby Board (IRB), and as of 2019 had not played in a Rugby World Cup tournament. Ghana played their first international game during the 2003 season, and defeated Mauritania by 29 points to 8. Since then there have been a number of youth teams in Ghana; the under-18 team won a junior rugby competition. The National Team itself has hosted a tournament and had some credible results on the field.

## History

After forming in 2005, the Ghana National Rugby Union Team has played in a number of competitions. The team was founded by a coach from Cameroon named Guy Chaley who recruited players, including coach Amuzu Salim, to play their first international match. Support, but not funding, from the government was gained for the national team. Shortly after they were played in their first African Tournament. This was followed by the death of Guy Chaley which stunted the success and growth of the team. Amuzu Salim was then able to train as a coach to train the Ghana Under 18, 15 and 12 teams. Notable gap year helpers include Peter Dear who helped start the school program in Accra and surrounding areas; he donated kit. Since the first tournament, the team have been included in the Castel Beer Trophies which are development tournament for smaller rugby nations of Africa. The country reached the final of the 2009 Development Trophy in Togo.

## Overall Record

Below is table of the representative rugby matches played by a Ghana's national XV at test level up until
| Opponent | Played | Won | Lost | Drawn | Win % | For | Aga | Diff |
| Benin | 6 | 4 | 1 | 1 | 66.66% | 125 | 57 | +68 |
| Botswana | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 100.00% | 36 | 25 | +11 |
| Burkina Faso | 6 | 2 | 4 | 0 | 33.33% | 56 | 76 | -20 |
| Cameroon | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 00.00% | 3 | 40 | -37 |
| Chad | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 100.00% | 17 | 8 | +9 |
| Ivory Coast | 2 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 00.00% | 34 | 45 | -11 |
| Mali | 3 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 00.00% | 18 | 69 | -51 |
| Mauritania | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 100.00% | 29 | 8 | +21 |
| Mauritius | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 100.00% | 23 | 17 | +6 |
| Niger | 3 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 00.00% | 16 | 62 | -46 |
| Nigeria | 5 | 0 | 4 | 1 | 00.00% | 33 | 101 | -68 |
| Rwanda | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 100.00% | 57 | 0 | +57 |
| Senegal | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 00.00% | 0 | 30 | -30 |
| Togo | 7 | 4 | 3 | 0 | 57.14% | 79 | 70 | +9 |
| Uganda | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 00.00% | 12 | 53 | -41 |
| Total | 39 | 15 | 22 | 2 | 36.84% | 526 | 606 | -81 |
# Dominik Schulz

Dominik Schulz (born 16 March 1992) is a retired German tennis player.
Schulz has a career high ATP singles ranking of 747 achieved on 15 April 2013. He also has a career high ATP doubles ranking of 445 achieved on 10 February 2014.
Schulz made his ATP main draw debut at the 2013 Power Horse Cup in the doubles draw partnering Richard Becker.

## Junior Grand Slam finals
### Boys' Doubles 1 (1 runner-up)

| Result | Year | To | Surface | Partner | Opponent | Score |
| Loss | 2010 | Australian Open | Hard | Kevin Krawietz | Justin Eleveld Jannick Lupescu | 4–6, 4–6 |

## ATP Challenger and ITF Futures finals
### Doubles: 10 (5–5)

* Legend
* ATP Challenger (0–0)
* ITF Futures (5–5)
* Finals by surface
* Hard (1–1)
* Clay (4–3)
* Grass (0–0)
* Carpet (0–1)
| Result | W–L | Date | Tournament | Tier | Surface | Partner | Opponents | Score |
| Loss | 0–1 | May 2011 | Bulgaria F3, Sofia | Futures | Clay | Maximilian Neuchrist | Matthias Kolbe Steven Moneke | 1–6, 2–6 |
| Loss | 0–2 | Apr 2012 | Vietnam F3, Ho Chi Minh City | Futures | Hard | Maximilian Wilde | Weerapat Doakmaiklee Kittiphong Wachiramanowong | 4–6, 2–6 |
| Win | 1–2 | Jul 2012 | Turkey F26, İzmir | Futures | Clay | Miljan Zekić | Sergei Krotiouk Mikhail Vasiliev | 6–1, 6–2 |
| Win | 2–2 | Jul 2012 | Turkey F27, İzmir | Futures | Clay | Miljan Zekić | Giovanni Zennaro Nicola Ghedin | 7–6$^{(7–4)}$, 6–4 |
| Win | 3–2 | May 2013 | Egypt F5, Sharm El Sheikh | Futures | Clay | Nicolas Reissig | Karim-Mohamed Maamoun Sherif Sabry | 6–4, 6–4 |
| Win | 4–2 | May 2013 | Egypt F6, Sharm El Sheikh | Futures | Clay | Kevin Krawietz | Younès Rachidi Mehdi Ziadi | 6–2, 6–1 |
| Loss | 4–3 | Jun 2013 | Greece F9, Thessaloniki | Futures | Clay | Darian King | Konstantinos Economidis Alexandros Jakupovic | 1–6, 2–6 |
| Loss | 4–4 | Oct 2013 | Germany F20, Bad Salzdetfurth | Futures | Carpet | Daniel Masur | Andreas Mies Oscar Otte | 7–5, 3–6, [8–10] |
| Win | 5–4 | Dec 2013 | Qatar F3, Doha | Futures | Hard | Adam Chadaj | Luke Bambridge Evan Hoyt | 1–6, 7–6$^{(7–4)}$, [10–4] |
| Loss | 5–5 | Jul 2014 | Austria F2, Seefeld | Futures | Clay | Kevin Krawietz | Erik Elliott Gavin Van Peperzeel | 6–3, 2–6, [8–10] |
# Sobików

Sobików is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Góra Kalwaria, within Piaseczno County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately 6 kilometres (4 mi) west of Góra Kalwaria, 15 km (9 mi) south-east of Piaseczno, and 30 km (19 mi) south of Warsaw.
# Vaja Babubhai

Babubhai Kalabhai Vaja is an Indian politician, social worker and Member of Legislative Assembly representing the Mangrol assembly constituency in the Gujarat Legislative Assembly, India. He is a member of the Indian National Congress party. He was elected to the Assembly in a by-poll in 2014 and again won 2017 Gujarat Legislative Assembly election. Vaja belong to the Koli caste of Gujarat.
# Panchaloha

Panchaloha (Sanskrit: पञ्चलोह), also called Pañcadhātu (Sanskrit: पञ्चधातु, lit. 'five metals'), is a term for traditional five-metal alloys of sacred significance, used for making Hindu temple murti and Jewellery.

## Composition

The composition is laid down in the Shilpa shastras, a collection of ancient texts that describe arts, crafts, and their design rules, principles and standards. Panchaloha is traditionally described as an alloy of gold, silver, copper, zinc, and iron. It is believed that wearing jewellery made of such an alloy brings balance in life, self-confidence, good health, fortune, prosperity, and peace of mind.
In Tibetan culture, it was considered auspicious to use thokcha (meteoric iron) either as a component of the alloy in general or for a specific object or purpose. The amount used could vary, depending upon the material's availability and suitability, among other considerations. A small, largely symbolic quantity of "sky-iron" might be added, or it might be included as a significant part of the alloy-recipe.
# Sokolovo, Alexandrovsky District, Vladimir Oblast

Sokolovo (Russian: Соколово) is a rural locality (a village) in Slednevskoye Rural Settlement, Alexandrovsky District, Vladimir Oblast, Russia. The population was 93 as of 2010.

## Geography

The village is located 4 km south from Slednevo, 10 km west from Alexandrov.
# Dahirak

Dahirak (Persian: دهيرك, also Romanized as Dahīrak and Dehīrak; also known as Dahrak, Dīrak, and Dīrak Dap) is a village in Holunchekan Rural District in the Central District of Qasr-e Qand County, Sistan and Baluchestan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 373, in 87 families.
# Cursty Jackson

Cursty Jackson (born September 11, 1990) is an American female former volleyball player and current college volleyball coach. She is currently an assistant coach of the Long Beach State women's volleyball team.

## Career

She was member of the United States national team that won the 2015 Pan American Games gold medal, the 2013 FIVB Volleyball World Grand Prix, and the 2013 FIVB Women's World Grand Champions Cup.
On the college level, she played for University of Nevada, Las Vegas.
On the club level she played for Galatasaray in 2013.

## Personal life

She is married to French volleyball player Kévin Le Roux.
# Kofi Amoako (footballer)

Kofi Jeremy Amoako (born 6 May 2005) is a German professional footballer who plays as a defensive midfielder for 3. Liga club VfL Osnabrück on loan from VfL Wolfsburg.

## Club career

Amoako is a youth product of Fortuna Sachsenross, Hannover 96 and VfL Wolfsburg. At VfL Wolsburg, he worked his way up their youth categories and eventually captained their U19 squad. On 9 February 2023, he signed a professional contract with the club. He made his professional debut with Wolfsburg as a late substitute in a 1–0 Bundesliga win over Darmstadt 98 on 16 December 2023.
On 12 August 2024, Amoako joined VfL Osnabrück in 3. Liga on loan.

## International career

Born in Germany, Amoako is of Ghanaian descent. He is a youth international for Germany, having played for the Germany U19s in 2023.
# Dominic Foos

Dominic Foos (born 3 September 1997) is a German professional golfer.
After winning several junior amateur tournaments in Germany and internationally, Foos turned professional in 2014.
Foos played on the Challenge Tour in 2015 and won the Gant Open in August at the age of 17 years, 347 days – making him the youngest winner in Challenge Tour history.

## Amateur wins

* 2011 Florida International Junior
* 2012 German Match Play, German Boys Open, German National Boys Championship
* 2013 French International Boys Championship, German Boys Open
Source:

## Professional wins (1)
### Challenge Tour wins (1)

| No. | Date | Tournament | Winning score | Margin of victory | Runners-up |
| 1 | 16 Aug 2015 | Gant Open | −14 (65-69-69-67=270) | 3 strokes | José Manuel Lara, Jamie McLeary, Marcel Schneider, Brandon Stone |

## Team appearances

Amateur
* Jacques Léglise Trophy (representing Continental Europe): 2012 (winners), 2013
* Junior Ryder Cup (representing Europe): 2012
* European Amateur Team Championship (representing Germany): 2013
* Bonallack Trophy (representing Europe): 2014 (winners)
# Soboklęszcz, Ciechanów County

Soboklęszcz is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Sońsk, within Ciechanów County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland.
# Haroobhai Mehta

Haroobhai Mehta (born 12 October 1933) was an Indian politician and lawyer. He was elected to the Lok Sabha, lower house of the Parliament of India from Ahmedabad in 1984 as a member of the Indian National Congress.
# Roman Kuznetsov

Roman Vladimirovich Kuznetsov (Russian: Роман Владимирович Кузнецов; born 14 August 1989), is a Russian taekwondo athlete. He won the bronze medal at the 2017 World Taekwondo Championships in the heavyweight category. He also won a gold medal at the Moscow series of the 2017 World Taekwondo Grand Prix, defeating Korean Kyo-Don In.
# Shikhovo, Vladimir Oblast

Shikhovo (Russian: Шихово) is a rural locality (a village) in Andreyevskoye Rural Settlement, Alexandrovsky District, Vladimir Oblast, Russia. The population was 4 as of 2010.

## Geography

Shikhovo is located 28 km east of Alexandrov (the district's administrative centre) by road. Klemyachevo is the nearest rural locality.
# Borghouts

Borghouts is a Dutch surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Harry Borghouts (born 1943), Dutch politician
* Joris Borghouts (1939–2018), Dutch Egyptologist
# Nikolay Krymov

Nikolay Petrovich Krymov (Russian: Никола́й Петро́вич Кры́мов; May 2, 1884— May 6, 1958) was a Russian and Soviet painter and art theoretician.

## Biography

Krymov was born into an artistic family. He studied with his father and at the Moscow School of Painting, Sculpture and Architecture at the faculty of Architecture under Abram Arkhipov, Nikolay Kasatkin, Leonid Pasternak, and at studio of Valentin Serov and Konstantin Korovin.
In 1906 Krymov participated in students exhibitions, and from 1907 in exhibitions including the Blue Rose, the Wreath, the Golden Fleece, and the Union of Russian Artists.
He was a member of Union from 1910 to 1923 and of the Society of Moscow Artists from 1923 to 1931. Krymov taught at the Moscow High Artist Technical Workshops from 1920 to 1922 and at the faculty of fine arts of Prechistenka Practical Institute from 1922 to 1924.
He painted chiefly provincial towns and village landscapes, focusing prominently on the countryside. He was noticeably influenced by primitive folklore, though later his style changed to a more classical approach. In the beginning he painted mainly by memory, depicting emotions, and not impressions. From 1920s Krymov began to work plenair. His paintings were more of a study than a depiction. He has also worked for the theatre, designing several famous sets.
In 1949, Krymov was elected as Associate Member of Academy of Arts USSR. Krymov was awarded the rank of Honorary Art Worker of Russian Federation in 1942, the Order of the Red Banner of Labour in 1954, and the rank of People's Artist of the RSFSR (visual arts) in 1956.
Krymov died May 6, 1958 in Moscow.
# Thomas Barrett (bishop)

Thomas Barrett (Irish: Tomás Bairéad; died c. 1485) was a fifteenth-century Bishop of Annaghdown.
Barrett obtained a papal provision to the see of Annaghdown on 17 April 1458 and acted as a suffragan bishop in the English dioceses of Exeter (1458; 1468–75) and Bath and Wells (1482–85).
According to Cotton, Barrett was also a canon of York Minster; holding the Prebendary of Laughton (1466–67).
Barrett died sometime after 1485.
# Software factory (Microsoft .NET)
## Implementations

* The Enterprise Framework Factory (the EFx Factory) from Microsoft Services was one of the first pioneering architectural software factories to use a unique combination of model driven development, and integrated runtime environment tools to build Service-Oriented Enterprise Applications and Services.
** EFx Factory Blog
* Microsoft Patterns and Practices Team have developed four software factories:
** SharePoint Software Factory, for SharePoint 2007/2010 and Visual Studio 2008/2010
** Smart Client Software Factory, for Visual Studio 2008 (released: April 2008)
** Web Service Software Factory (released: July 2006, updated December 2006, 2010, a new Service Factory : Modeling Edition version (incompatible with the previous ones) released in November 2007)
** Mobile Client Software Factory (released: July 2006)
* Project Glidepath is a Micro ISV-oriented Software Factory, also from Microsoft.
** Project Glidepath Blog
** Project Glidepath Forums
* NConstruct is Windows and Web rapid enterprise application development tool and environment for .NET Framework environment.