OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Gradina, Virovitica-Podravina County

Gradina is a village and a municipality in Slavonia, in the Virovitica–Podravina County of Croatia.
In the 2011 census, it had a total population of 3,850, in the following settlements:
* Bačevac, population 370
* Brezovica, population 595
* Budakovac, population 257
* Detkovac, population 307
* Gradina, population 916
* Lipovac [hr], population 312
* Lug Gradinski, population 72
* Novi Gradac, population 167
* Rušani, population 477
* Vladimirovac [hr], population 62
* Žlebina, population 315
In the 2001 census, 85.6% of the population were Croats.

## History

In the late 19th and early 20th century, Gradina was part of the Virovitica County of the Kingdom of Croatia-Slavonia.
Colonist settlements of Brezovica, Hadžićevo (Svrakovac), Mitrovica, Podravski Sokolac (Vladimirovac), and Žlebina were established on the territory of the village municipality during the land reform in interwar Yugoslavia.

## Politics
### Minority councils

Directly elected minority councils and representatives are tasked with consulting tasks for the local or regional authorities in which they are advocating for minority rights and interests, integration into public life and participation in the management of local affairs. At the 2023 Croatian national minorities councils and representatives elections Serbs of Croatia fulfilled legal requirements to elect 10 members minority councils of the Municipality of Gradina.

## Notable people

* Boško Buha, famous Serbian World War II child-hero, member of the Yugoslav Partisans
* Slavko Šajber, Croatian politician, football official and former president of the Football Association of Yugoslavia
# Sarijalu, Takab

Sarijalu (Persian: ساري جالو, also Romanized as Sārījālū) is a village in Afshar Rural District, in the Central District of Takab County, West Azerbaijan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 141, in 28 families.
# Yalemtsehay Mekonnen

Yalemtsehay Mekonnen (born 30 May 1955) is an Ethiopian physiologist and pharmacologist who specializes in the use and safety of medicinal plants. In 2009, she became the first woman in Ethiopia to become a full professor. She is Professor of Cell & Human Physiology at Addis Ababa University (AAU).

## Biography

Yalemtsehay Mekonnen was born on 30 May 1955 in Asella, Arsi Province. She was educated at Addis Ababa University, where she got her BSc in Biology in 1977 and her MSc in Zoology in 1980, and at Heidelberg University, where she got her PhD in Human Physiology in 1992. She later returned to Addis Ababa University and eventually become full professor in January 2009, becoming the first woman in Ethiopia to do so. She is Professor of Cell & Human Physiology at Addis Ababa University.
Yalemtsehay worked at Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg (2001–2002) as a Georg Forster Research Fellow. She served as president of the Biological Society of Ethiopia from 2004 until 2006. She also serves as treasurer and a board member at the Ethiopian Academy of Sciences and as president of the Society of Ethiopian Women in Science & Technology Executive Board. In addition to being head of the Biology Department at AAU, she is also head of the Gender Office at the College of Natural Sciences, saying she began doing so because "as a role model, promoting women is more than close to [her] heart".
As an academic, Yalemtsehay specializes in the use and safety of medicinal plants.
Yalemtsehay was awarded the African Union's Kwame Nkrumah Award for Excellence in Science for Women in 2015. She was elected a TWAS Fellow in 2022. She was elected Fellow of the African Academy of Sciences in 2020. She is a Fellow of the Ethiopian Academy of Sciences.
She is married with two children.
# Headquarters and Headquarters Squadron

A Headquarters and Headquarters Squadron, abbreviated as HHS or HQHQSQDN, is the headquarters entity for a United States Marine Corps aviation facility.

## Organization

A H&HS usually consists of the headquarters group (the station commanding general or officer), the squadron headquarters (commanding officer and his staff), public affairs and journalism, facilities planning & maintenance, a motor pool, air traffic control, meteorology, fuels, ordnance, other aviation support, Aircraft Rescue and Firefighting, a Provost Marshal, the Station Judge Advocate's Office, some sort of United States Navy medical facility, and Marine Corps Community Services, which usually host services like a post exchange, a commissary, gas stations, barber shops, library, movie theater, family services, Single Marine Program, and the like.
Most Marine Corps Operational Support Airlift (OSA) assets and aircraft are attached to the H&HS at an air station or base rather than using the standard squadron-group-wing command structure of most other Marine Corps aviation units. The primary military occupational specialty (MOS) of an OSA aviator is to manage airfield operations; flying OSA aircraft is strictly a secondary MOS.

## List of H&HSs

| Station | Location |
| Marine Corps Air Station Cherry Point | Havelock, North Carolina |
| Marine Corps Air Station New River | Jacksonville, North Carolina |
| Marine Corps Air Station Beaufort | Beaufort, South Carolina |
| Marine Corps Air Facility Quantico | Triangle, Virginia |
| Marine Corps Air Station Miramar | San Diego, California |
| Marine Corps Air Station Yuma | Yuma, Arizona |
| Marine Corps Air Station Camp Pendleton | Oceanside, California |
| Marine Corps Air Station Iwakuni | Iwakuni, Japan |
| Marine Corps Air Station Futenma | Ginowan, Okinawa, Japan |
# Myanmar Farmers Development Party

The Myanmar Farmers Development Party (Burmese: မြန်မာနိုင်ငံတောင်သူလယ်သမားဖွံ့ဖြိုးတိုးတက်ရေးပါတီ) is a political party in Myanmar (Burma). The party claims to have a membership of 2 million people, and had 286 candidates in the 2015 general election.
The party campaigns on supporting farmers in Myanmar, being focused on modernizing and expanding the agricultural sector of Myanmar. The party also supports creating a peaceful end to the civil war in the country.
# Hněvín Castle

Hněvín (German: Landeswarte) is a castle in Most in the Ústí nad Labem Region of the Czech Republic.

## History

Hněvín Castle was named after the hill it was built upon. Archaeological investigations have uncovered the remains of a castle that was there in the 9th century, but a stone castle was probably built by the Hrabišics, the owners of Most, while Wenceslaus I granted Most royal city status in the 12th century, with the castle becoming the seat of the district administrator.
In the 13th century, the castle was brought by Wenceslaus II to the Brandenburgs, in the time of disputes of Wenceslaus IV with aristocracy, the castle came to the Meissens. Only in 1406, Wenceslaus gained the castle back. In 1459, the castle was given into the hands of George of Poděbrady on the basis of the Cheb peace contract. The son of George of Poděbrady Jindřich sold the castle in 1480 to Beneš of Veitmile and in 1482 the famous meeting of Saxony princess with king Vladislaus II took place in Most. Here it came to settlement of relation Czechs and Saxony people from many years.
During the reign of Rudolf II on his order it was on Most castle Hněvín the alchemists Edward Kelley and Marek Mamugny. Rudolf ordered to city people to care about them well at the claims of both adventurers caused to city much expense. In 1595 Rudolf II sold the castle to city Most.
From rather quiet holding of castle and its remains the Most people enjoyed up to the Thirty Years' War. In 1646 Swedes obtained it by guile and gave to Most people great penalties and charges. For one and a half years, the emperor's army besieged the castle but it remained in the Swedes hands. They also held it after concluding the Westphalian peace. The blame for its unfortunate the Most people gave to the castle which always attracted by its significance the enemies.
Emperor Ferdinand II for that reason permitted pulling down the castle, destruction beginning in 1651. The castle mountain desolated, at the foot there were vineyards and gardens. In year 1879 it was stopped the restaurant, in 1889 the tower with outlook which was later destroyed by a great wind. In 1896, it was stated the group of friends of Castle mountain and it was begun with the construction of city with outlook. It was finished in September 1900.

## Lookout tower

The lookout tower of the rebuilt Hněvín offers views over the former and current mining areas, the Church of the Assumption of the Virgin Mary, as well as over the new town.
# Saleh Al-Qadhi

Saleh bin Abdullah Al-Qadhi (Arabic: صالح بن عبد الله القاضي; born January 11, 1959) is the current Mayor of 'Asir Region, Saudi Arabia. He is the former Acting Mayor of Medina and previously served in the 'Asir Region communal council.
He has over thirty years of experience in private and public sectors. He received a bachelor's degree in Agricultural engineering from King Faisal University, al-Hasa.
Al-Qadhi is committed to providing the citizens improved infrastructures and recently implementing a major public transportation program for commuter, tram, water ferries, buses, bridges and stations. He is encouraging PPP to provide projects for housing, commercial development, leisure and recreational.

## Biography
### Early life and education

Al-Qadhi, born on January 11, 1959, in Medina, Saudi Arabia, he graduated high school from Medina. Al-Qadhi received a B.S. from King Faisal University in Agricultural engineering.
# Cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhoea

Cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhoea (CSF rhinorrhoea) refers to the drainage of cerebrospinal fluid through the nose (rhinorrhoea). It is typically caused by a basilar skull fracture, which presents complications such as infection. It may be diagnosed using brain scans (prompted based on initial symptoms), and by testing to see if discharge from the nose is cerebrospinal fluid. Treatment may be conservative (as many cases resolve spontaneously), but usually involves neurosurgery.

## Classification

CSF rhinorrhoea may be spontaneous, traumatic, or congenital.
Traumatic CSF rhinorrhoea is the most common type of CSF rhinorrhoea. It may be due to severe head injury, or from complications from neurosurgery.
Spontaneous CSF rhinorrhoea is the most common acquired defect in the skull base bones (anterior cranial fossa) causing spontaneous nasal liquorrhea. Defects are often localized in the sphenoid bone and the ethmoid bone.
Congenital CSF rhinorrhoea is the least common type of CSF rhinorrhoea. It may be caused by problems in the embryological development of bones of the skull.

## Signs and symptoms

CSF rhinorrhoea involves drainage of cerebrospinal fluid through the nose. This appears as a clear, colourless liquid.
* Aldroubi sign "The liquid in CSF rhinorrhea is thin and clear, and an affected person might notice a sweet or salty taste due to the increased glucose and electrolytes present in cerebrospinal fluid so some affected toddlers and young children tend to lick their nose frequently".

## Causes
### Traumatic

CSF rhinorrhoea may be a sign of a basilar skull fracture. Other signs of a basilar skull fracture include CSF otorrhea (drainage of CSF through the ear). It can have devastating complications in some patients, as the communication between the nasal cavity, the cerebrospinal fluid and the central nervous system can result in severe bacterial infections.
CSF rhinorrhoea may be a complication of neurosurgery, such as functional endoscopic sinus surgery, and hypophysectomy (partial or complete removal of the pituitary gland).

### Non-traumatic

CSF rhinorrhoea may be caused by the growth of certain cancers (such as pituitary adenoma), congenital problems with bones of the skull, or inflammation that damages the bones of the skull.

## Diagnosis
### Radiology

If a patient has clear, colourless liquid leaking from the nose, then radiographs or CT scans may be used to look for a basilar skull fracture.

### Biochemistry

Measures of CSF components, such as glucose, have been used in the past, but are neither sensitive nor specific. Beta-2 transferrin has a high positive predictive value of CSF rhinorrhoea. It has also been noted to be characterized by unilateral discharge.

## Treatment
### Surgery

Neurosurgery is usually necessary to prevent the spread of infection to the meninges. Minimally invasive techniques tend to have fewer complications compared to open techniques.

### Conservative management

Conservative management includes watchful waiting, as some minor CSF leaks often stop spontaneously.
# Khaungkhan

Khaungkhan (Burmese: ခေါင်ခန်း) is a village on the Chindwin River in Homalin Township, Hkamti District, in the Sagaing Region of northwestern Myanmar. It is located next to Homalin Airport. It is part of the Khaungkhan village tract.
# Donald Leifert

Donald L. Leifert Jr. (February 27, 1951 – October 23, 2010) was an American sci fi/horror film actor, writer, teacher, and film historian.

## Early life

Leifert was born on February 27, 1951, to Dolores J. and Donald L. Leifert, Sr., and had a sister, Cheryl J. Young. He later served in the Vietnam War.

## Film career

Leifert, a professionally trained actor, worked with Baltimore filmmaker Don Dohler, a former journalist, on science fiction/horror films including Galaxy Invader, Nightbeast, and The Alien Factor. He also played Eric Longfellow in the 1980 film Fiend and Longfellow again in the 1992 film Deadly Neighbor. Leifert, called a "Baltimore horror maven" by Michael Sragow, appeared in several films for Dohler, did the costumes for Galaxy Invader, and was quoted as saying, "if you watch the films [I was in] carefully, they're really saved in the editing room. He would sit and chain-smoke cigarettes and work at that editing machine for months and months and months—no one would see or hear from him."

## Later years

Not wanting to resume his acting career, Leifert launched a "literate film appreciation magazine" named Movie Club with Dohler in 1993, where he managed the editorial side and Dohler the business side, commenting the following year that "it's fun to write about these films, because they're fun films." He earned a law degree and taught at the George Washington Carver Center for Arts and Technology (also called the Carver School for the Arts) before leaving in 2000 to teach at Towson High School in Baltimore, Maryland. His role in Crawler in 2004, as Zachary, was his last acting role on screen. He also appeared in Blood, Boobs and Beast, a 2006 documentary on the career of Dohler.
Leifert became an English and theater arts teacher at Towson and authored the autobiography Riggie: A Journey from 5th Street. He also directed stage shows at Towson, including the play Approaching Zanzibar in 2005 and Bye Bye Birdie for the spring musical in 2007.

## Personal life

Leifert had a daughter, Elizabeth. He died in his sleep on October 23, 2010, after having a heart attack. His memorial service was held at Grace Fellowship Church in Timonium, Maryland, and a memorial scholarship fund was set up in his name.

## Filmography

* 1978: The Alien Factor – Ben Zachary
* 1980: Fiend – Eric Longfellow
* 1982: Nightbeast – Drago
* 1985: Galaxy Invader – Frank Custor
* 1992: Deadly Neighbor – Eric Longfellow
* 2004: Crawler – Zachary
# Samyavadi Sangstha

The Samyavadi Sangstha (Bengali: সাম্যবাদী সংস্থা, 'Communist Organization') was a political party in West Bengal, India. It was formed after a split in the West Bengal unit of the Revolutionary Socialist Party in 1950. Samyavadi Sangstha was led by Promode Sinha Roy and N. Samajpati. In 1954 the organization merged with two other groups, forming the United Marxist League (later renamed as the Communist League).
# Tujerdi Rural District

Tujerdi Rural District (Persian: دهستان توجردئ) is in Tujerdi District of Sarchehan County, Fars province, Iran. It is administered from the city of Tujerdi.

## Demographics
### Population

At the time of the 2006 National Census, the rural district's population (as a part of the former Sarchehan District of Bavanat County) was 1,496 in 1,496 households. There were 7,626 inhabitants in 2,076 households at the following census of 2011. The 2016 census measured the population of the rural district as 7,337 in 2,224 households. The most populous of its 40 villages was Tujerdi (now a city), with 2,021 people.
After the census, the district was separated from the county in the establishment of Sarchehan County, and the rural district was transferred to the new Central District. After formation of the county, the rural district was separated from the district in the formation of Tujerdi District.
# Lilika

Lilika (Serbian: Лилика) is a 1970 Yugoslav drama film directed by Branko Pleša. The film won the Golden Leopard at the Locarno International Film Festival.

## Cast

* Dragana Kalaba as Milica Sandić - Lilika
* Branko Pleša as Counsellor
* Ljerka Draženović as Aunt
* Nada Kasapić
* Tamara Miletić as Mother
* Gizela Vuković
* Vesna Krajina
* Danilo Stojković as Stepfather
* Ljiljana Kontić as Đurđica
* Vladimir Pevec as Peca
* Sanja Jeremić
* Nada Šarac
# Nehara Pieris Rajapakse

Kumarasinghe Arachchige Dona Chrihashni Nehara Canishia Pieris (born December 21, 1988, as නෙහාරා පීරිස්) [Sinhala]), popularly known as Nehara Pieris Rajapakse, is an actress in Sri Lankan cinema and television. Mostly active in television, she is also a singer, dancer, and a TV host.

## Personal life

Nehara Pieris was born on 21 December 1988. Her father is Curtis Pieris and mother is Nishanthi Pieris. She has one brother, Nehan Pieris. She completed education from St. Lawrence's School.
She was married to Nirmal Perera, whom she had a long-term affair in 2008. However, they got divorce in 2011 due to many disputes. She is then married to popular television and cinema actor Menaka Rajapakse. The wedding was celebrated on 28 January 2014 at Kingsbury Hotel, Colombo. Menaka was divorced from his first marriage and have one daughter.

## Career

She started to perform in advertisements in 2005 and got the opportunity to appear in the music video Mihiraviye sung by Shihan Mihiranga in 2007. Her maiden television acting came through Senehasata Adare directed by Nalan Mendis in 2007. Then she appeared in many popular television serials including Muthu Kirilli, Amanda and Ruwan Maliga. She won three awards for the most popular actress for the same role in the serial Muthu Kirilli.
She participated to the reality show Sirasa Dancing Stars and won fifth place. She collaborated with the dance troupe Torrential and performed on 5 December 2009 at Ummul Maleeha Memorial Hall, Panadura.
She presented the television musical program Tea Party telecast by TV Derana for three years.
In 2020, she started a dancing academy Nehara Dance Studio at Attidiya, Dehiwala.

### Selected television serials

* Adaraneeya Niagara
* Amanda
* Bharyawo
* Googly
* Heily
* Muthu Kirilli
* Ruwan Maliga
* Situ Medura

## Filmography

| Year | Film | Role |
| 2011 | It’s a Matter of Love | Jennifer |
| 2016 | Puthandiya | Samanmalee |
| 2021 | Apata Sadunu Ape Lokaya | |

## Awards and accolades

She has won Raigam Tele'es most popular actress award for record four consecutive times from 2009 to 2012.

### Raigam Tele'es

| Year | Nominee / work | Award | Result |
| 2009 | Muthu Kirilli | Most Popular Actress | Won |
| 2010 | Muthu Kirilli | Most Popular Actress | Won |
| 2011 | Amanda | Most Popular Actress | Won |
| 2012 | Amanda | Most Popular Actress | Won |

### Sumathi Awards

| Year | Nominee / work | Award | Result |
| 2009 | Muthu Kirilli | Most Popular Actress | Won |
# Cvrčići

Cvrčići (Serbian: Цврчићи) is a village in the municipality of Sokolac, Bosnia and Herzegovina.
# Arvind Narayan Das

Arvind Narayan Das (popularly known as Aravind N. Das) was a social scientist, journalist, activist and a documentary filmmaker from Bihar, eastern India.
He was influenced by Naxalbari, the peasant rebellion, while a student at St. Stephen's College, Delhi in late 1960s. Journalist Harsh Sethi wrote of him: "Rarely before, or since, at least in post-Independence India, had otherwise comfortably placed students taken the cause of the underdog to heart. Among those who were permanently marked by the experience of the ‘spring thunder’ was Arvind N. Das." His experiences in the period he spent underground as part of the Naxalites movement, shaped most of his life thereafter. He joined the Times of India as a research editor, and pioneered the books that the Times group produced on its sesquicentennial celebrations. In 1994 he left the Times and helped co-found Asia Pacific Communication Associates Pvt. Ltd. (APCA) with Dileep Padgaonkar, Anikendra Nath Sen and Darryl D'Monte. In 1995 he began travelling around India for the 18-part documentary India Invented, inspired by D.D. Kosambi's vision of Indian history. It took more than two years to make, and was a defining moment of Das's career. Das was also the founder-editor of Biblio, a review of books.
At his sudden death due to heart attack in 2000, Indian journalist Dileep Padgaonkar wrote, "But Arvind's real obsession, the one that shaped his thinking, guided his written output and nourished his conversations, was his native Bihar. It can be said without exaggeration that no contemporary Indian thinker has spoken and written about the glorious past, the dismal present and potential for a great future of this state with such lofty eloquence as he did. In his eyes, Bihar was a metaphor for India itself. At a pinch, he would have deemed it to be the very centre of the universe. While he loathed its venal, caste-ridden, ineffective governance, the violent nature of its society, its decrepit intellectual and cultural life and the slothful ways of its elite, he never missed an opportunity to recall its rich cultural and spiritual legacy, the noble character of its long-suffering people and the revolutionary potential of its youth. Two of his books - The Republic of Bihar and Changel: The Biography of a Village - bear vivid testimony to what the state meant to him."

## References and footnotes

* ↑ In memoriam : Arvind N. Das - 1949-2000
* ↑ Always against the tide