OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# El Mansouria, Iraq

34°04′36″N 44°57′17″E﻿ / ﻿34.07667°N 44.95472°E﻿ / 34.07667; 44.95472
Al Mansouryah or Mansouryat Al-Jabel (Arabic: المنصورية) is a subdistrict of Al-Khalis District in the Diyala Governorate of Iraq, roughly 110 km north-east of Baghdad city, situated between the Diyala and Khalis rivers. Its capital is the town of Al Mansouryah.

## Demographics

The town and its surroundings are one a very few places in the Diyala Province where Sunnis form a vast majority--nearly the totality--of the population. The population is primarily composed of Sunni Arab (mostly of the Azza tribe) and minority Sunni Turkmen. Most inhabitants work in agricultural activities due to the area's fertile soil and plentiful water. Dates and citrus fruit are the area's primary crops.

## Security situation

During the June 2014 Islamic State offensive, Al Mansouryah fell to the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (IS). In January 2015 Iraqi army and security forces with popular mobilization forces liberated Al Mansouryah subdistrict after intensive clashes. The Diyala provincial council declared on 23 January 2015 that the battles resulted in the killing of dozens and fleeing of more dozens of IS militants.

## Al Mansouryah gas field

A gas field is located in the subdistrict. It was put up for bidding in third licensing round in 2010. The winning bidder was the consortium led by Turkish energy company TAPO who held 50% a stake, followed by Kuwait Energy with a 30% and Kogas with 20%. The consortium accepted $7 per barrel of oil equivalent as remuneration. According to the deal, the target production plateau is 320 million standard cubic feet.

## Al Mansouryah gas power plant

A gas power plant built by the French Astom company is located in the subdistrict (coordinates 34°08′50″N 44°56′06.6″E﻿ / ﻿34.14722°N 44.935167°E﻿ / 34.14722; 44.935167).
12 December 2011, Astom signed a contract worth $500 million with Iraqi ministry of Electricity to build the Al Mansouryah gas-fired power plant. The plant consist of four units based on Alstom’s GT13E2 gas turbine, using natural gas imported from Iran to generate 728 Mega Watt. The output of the Al Mansouryah power plant will be used to feed Diyala Governorate (which consume 500 MW), while the rest will use to feed Baghdad city.
# Berestia

Berestia (Belarusian: Берасцейшчына; Ukrainian: Берестейщина,Lithuanian: Berestje), is the part of Belarusian, and Ukrainian ethnic territory, bounded by the Bug River, Pripyat River, Yaselda River, and Narew (Narva) River, and a borderland between historical Podlachia (Polish: Podlasie) and the Land of Brest-Litovsk (Polish: ziemia brzeskolitewska) part of Polesia (Polish: Polesie).
Its main cities were Berestia, Bielsk, Drohiczyn, Kobryn and Kamyanyets.
Historically its lands were owned by East Slavic principalities, later by Polish and Lithuanian princes, by Grand Duchy of Lithuania and Crown of the Kingdom of Poland. After the Third Partition of Poland it became part of the Russian Partition. Eventually it has become part of Belarus.
# Ardeshir, Iran

Ardeshir (Persian: اردشير, also Romanized as Ardeshīr; also known as Ardashil’ and Ardashīr) is a village in Ozomdel-e Shomali Rural District, in the Central District of Varzaqan County, East Azerbaijan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 68, in 17 families.
# Fondation Temimi pour la recherche scientifique et l'information

The Fondation Temimi pour la recherche scientifique et l'information (Temimi Foundation for Scientific Research and Information) (Arabic: مؤسسة التميمي للبحث العلمي والمعلومات) is a Tunisian private research institution founded by historian Abdeljelil Temimi, which specializes in human and social sciences. It is cited as "the first private academic foundation in the Arab world serving researchers and organizing conferences".

## History

The project began in 1974, with the publication of the first issue of a journal of history. From 1981, Abdeljelil Temimi organized a Congress on the Ottomans and the Moors, until the founding in 1985 of a research center based in Zaghouan dedicated to Ottoman and Moorish research, documentation and information. In 1995, the center took its current name. In November 2004, the headquarters of the foundation moved to Tunis.
The foundation works towards building a bibliographic database covering the modern and contemporary history of Tunisia, strengthening scientific collaboration between Arab and Turkish researchers, and the publication of journals. As of 2013 the foundation had organized 122 conferences.
# Bray Head

Bray Head (Irish: Ceann Bhré) is a 241 m (791 ft) hill and headland located in northern County Wicklow, Ireland, between the towns of Bray and Greystones. It forms part of the Wicklow Mountains and is a popular spot with hillwalkers. At the top of the head is a concrete cross which was placed there in 1950 during the holy year. Every Good Friday, hundreds of local people climb to the top of the head in a Good Friday procession marking the stations of the Cross as they go along, with the final station being held at the holy year cross. The headland and adjacent lands were designated under a Special Amenity Area Order in March 2008.
The most direct way to reach the cross at the top (about 190m above sea level) is via an ascending footpath that begins just outside the free car park on the lower, northern slopes, to the south of Bray Esplanade. This is a half-hour walk for a fit person. The footpath, after the initial section with cut steps, is a rough path formed by rainwater and ascending through natural woodland. A more gradual route can be taken from the Southern Cross, by Bray Golf Club, which is easier underfoot. There is also a route which ascends from the Greystones side of the cliff walk; this route leads quite directly up the east side of the hill and as a result is quite steep, Upon reaching the top you can then walk the path along to the cross.
The Dublin-Wicklow railway line runs outside of Bray Head along the coast, sometimes travelling within feet of the cliffs. This line, designed by Isambard Kingdom Brunel, is referred to as Brunel's Folly, due to the ongoing maintenance costs associated with maintaining a cliff-face line. The line had to be diverted on three occasions in 1876, 1879, and 1917. A serious accident occurred on 9 August 1867 when a passenger train derailed on nearby Brandy Hole Viaduct, causing the deaths of two passengers. The rail trip between Dublin and Bray Daly railway station, the nearest station to Bray Head, takes approximately 45 minutes.
On the morning of 14 April 2012, a waterspout was observed just off the coast of Bray Head.
The slate sea-cliffs at Bray Head have been established as a minor rock-climbing location since the 1970s, though a few of the climbs were originally recorded in the 1940s. The 2009 guidebook lists 27 single-pitch climbs, generally in the lower grades, up to HVS.

## Gallery

* The Bray to Greystones Cliff Walk
* The railway along the cliffs of Bray Head with traces of the old alignment
* The Holy Year Cross on summit of Bray Head
* Bray Head railway accident, 1867
* Bray Head in flames, 2018
# Kind Men

Kind Men (Russian: Добряки, romanized: Dobryaki) is a 1979 Soviet comedy film directed by Karen Shakhnazarov.

## Plot

The film tells about a swindler who went to the world of science and achieved success in it. Having settled in the Institute of Ancient Culture, he easily cheated all kinds of members of the academic council, defended his dissertation and became director.

## Cast

* Georgy Burkov as Gordey Petrovich Kabachkov
* Tatyana Vasileva as Iraida Yaroslavna
* Nikolay Volkov Sr. as Yaroslav Borisovich Grebeshkov
* Vladimir Zeldin as Yevgeny Vitaliev
* Viktor Sharlakhov as Arkady Anyutin
* Larisa Pashkova as Sychova
* Yuri Leonidov as Philip Kolesnitsyn
* Aleksandr Safronov as Lozhkin
* Valentina Telichkina as Nadezhda Pavlovna, Grebeshkov's secretary, Kabachkov's former lover
* Yuri Gusev as Mitrofan Tikhodonsky
* Veronika Izotova as Kabachkov's secretary
* Valentin Nikulin as Orest Ivanovich Muzhesky
# State Committee for Securities (Azerbaijan)

The State Committee for Securities of Azerbaijan Republic (Azerbaijani: Azərbaycan Respublikası Qiymətli Kağızlar üzrə Dövlət Komitəsi) is a governmental agency within the Cabinet of Azerbaijan in charge of regulation of activities in securities market, protecting rights and interests of investors, shareholders and other owners of securities in Azerbaijan Republic. The committee is headed by Rufat Aslanli.

## History

Establishment of securities market in Azerbaijan dates back to the beginning of the 20th century. In the first decades of the century, banks in Baku issued promissory notes and interest bearing securities which were used during sale transactions and as a form of IOUs. Usage of promissory notes was widely developed during the existence of Azerbaijan Democratic Republic. The first shares in the country were issued by the Baku Trade Bank. Among the main shareholders of the bank were the chairman of board of directors, Haji Zeynalabdin Taghiyev, Shamsi Asadullayev, Musa Naghiyev, Murtuza Mukhtarov and others. After establishment of Soviet rule in Azerbaijan, the usage of notes was banned. With restoration of independence of Azerbaijan, establishment of securities market was one of the main priorities of the government. On July 26, 1999 Presidential Decree on "On Providing the Activity of State Committee for Securities under the auspices of the President of Azerbaijan Republic" formally established an agency under the office of the President of Azerbaijan overseeing organized securities market in the country. Since the inception, the committee has undertaken several important reforms on transparency of processing the security markets, adopted acts restricting potential risks in the markets to the minimal level, protecting rights of investors to comply with international standards. On February 15, 2000 the committee supported establishment of Baku Stock Exchange (BSE). Baku Stock Exchange is made up from 18 big banks and financial institutions, with Istanbul Stock Exchange being among them. The first trading operation at the stock exchange was carried out on September 1, 2000. On November 19, 2008 Presidential Decree No. 52 established State Committee for Securities.
# Motor Bob

The Motor Bob was an American cyclecar manufactured in Buffalo, New York, from 1911 to 1915.

## History

A single-cylinder, 2½hp vehicle, the Motor Bob was sold for home assembly by "boys from 12 to 15". Plans could be purchased for 25 cents (equivalent to $8 in 2023). From advertisements, by 1912 Motor Bob was also sold as the Niagara Motor Bob by the makers of the Lad's Car. The completed car was 96 inches long 31 inches wide and weighed 150 pounds. Speeds of up to 15 mph were claimed. E. N. Bowen made all the parts of the Motor-Bob himself, and a all parts for the cyclecar could be purchased for $125 (equivalent to $3,802 in 2023) in 1914.
* 1911 Advertisement for Motor Bob
* 1912 Advertisement for Niagara Motor Bob or the Original Motor Bob
# Socialist Forces Front

The Socialist Forces Front (Arabic: جبهة القوى الاشتراكية; Berber languages: Tirni n (Y)iɣallen Inemlayen) is a social democratic and secularist political party, mainly supported by Berbers in Algeria. The FFS is a member of the Socialist International and the Progressive Alliance. It led an unsuccessful rebellion against the Algerian government from 1963 to 1964.

## History and profile
### Establishment and rebellion (1963)

The party was formed by Hocine Aït Ahmed on 29 September 1963 in the city of Tizi Ouzou to oppose Ben Bella's government. Following the party's creation, Aït Ahmed began an armed rebellion and captured a number of towns in Kabylia. The Ben Bella government, aided by the National Liberation Army, swiftly took control of the dissident towns during a mostly bloodless confrontation. The FFS rebels were not supported by the people and were pushed into the mountains by the government's army. Preferring to avoid direct conflict, the FFS and its soldiers retracted into the mountains from where they could launch guerrilla tactics. The rebellion was defeated in 1964 and Hocine Aït Ahmed was arrested and sentenced to death.
The 1963 conflict resulted in 10 months of armed confrontation in the region, leaving more than four hundred dead, and most of the FLN leaders from Kabylia and the eastern provinces either executed or forced into exile. Hocine Aït Ahmed escaped prison in 1966 and fled to Switzerland.

### Party legalization (1990)

The party was legalised in 1990. It however boycotted the 2002 and 2007 legislative elections and the 2009 presidential election "calling it systematic electoral fraud in favour of the ruling parties".

### 2012 legislative election

Though former Prime Minister Sid Ahmed Ghozali urged a boycott on the grounds that the election would be "a foregone conclusion", the party decided to participate in the 2012 legislative election. Apart from international monitors being invited to observe the process, Algerian Workers' Party leader Louisa Hanoune, a quite successful candidate to the 2009 presidential elections, had announced to work towards an alliance of the two parties.
Hocine Aït Ahmed wrote to the Council of the Nation saying that "participation in these elections is a tactical necessity for the FFS, which falls in line with (its) construction strategy of peaceful democratic alternative to this despotic regime, corrupt and destructive. [The purpose of the party] does not lie in a quota of seats to reach [but] in mobilising political[ly] and peaceful[ly] in our party and our people." With an electoral result of mere 2.47%, the party reached 27 seats making it the second-largest opposition power after the Islamist Green Algeria Alliance.
# Ziaran Rural District

Ziaran Rural District (Persian: دهستان زياران) is in the Central District of Abyek County, Qazvin province, Iran. Its capital is the village of Khuznan. The previous capital of the rural district was the village of Ziaran (now a city).

## Demographics
### Language

Tati is the main language of the rural district.

### Population

At the time of the 2006 National Census, the rural district's population was 12,024 in 3,303 households. There were 11,748 inhabitants in 3,556 households at the following census of 2011. The 2016 census measured the population of the rural district as 10,370 in 3,320 households. The most populous of its 16 villages was Qeshlaq (now a city), with 3,798 people.
# Carl Whitney

Carl Eugene Whitney (September 7, 1913 – July 1986) was a Negro league baseball player.
In 1942, Whitney played as a reserve outfielder for the New York Black Yankees, a team co-owned by financier James "Soldier Boy" Semler and famed toe-tapper Bill "Bojangles" Robinson. He also briefly played for the Newark Eagles in 1942. He is buried at Calvary Cemetery in St. Louis, Missouri.
# El-Said Badawi

El-Said Muhammad Badawi (Arabic: السعيد محمد بدوي, romanized: Al-Saʿīd Muḥammad Badawī; 1929 – March 16, 2014) was a scholar and linguist and author of many works, both in English and in Arabic, dealing with various aspects of the Arabic language.
Having learned the Qur'an by the age of ten in his village, El-Nakhas, Sharqiyya Governorate, he attended Al-Azhar University for his secondary schooling. He received a B.A. in Arabic Language & Literature and Islamic Studies from Cairo University, an M.A. in General Linguistics and Phonetics from the University of London, and his Ph.D. in Experimental Phonetics from the University of London.
After obtaining his Ph.D. Badawi briefly taught linguistics at the University of Cairo, then began teaching Arabic literature and linguistics at Omdurman University in Sudan, and moved to the American University in Cairo in 1969, where he became the Curriculum Advisor for the Center for Arabic Study Abroad (CASA) in 1970.
Badawi's wide-ranging interests included colloquial Egyptian Arabic, classical Arabic as found in the Qur'an, and the teaching of Arabic as a foreign language. In the field of sociolinguistics, perhaps Badawi's best known work is Mustawayāt al-ʻArabīyah al-muʻāṣirah fī Miṣr (Levels of Contemporary Arabic in Egypt) wherein he challenges the traditional simplistic dichotomy of Classical and Colloquial Arabic, proposing instead a more subtle analysis involving several levels of usage.

## Works
### English

* An intonational study of colloquial Riyadhi Arabic. 1965 (Ph.D. thesis)
* A comprehensive study of Egyptian Arabic. 1978 (coauthored with E.T. Abdel-Massih et al.)
* A reference grammar of Egyptian Arabic. 1979 (coauthored with E.T. Abdel-Massih et al.)
* A comprehensive study of Egyptian Arabic 2. Proverbs and metaphoric expressions 1981 (coauthored with E.T. Abdel-Massih et al.)
* A dictionary of Egyptian Arabic : Arabic-English. 1986 (coauthored with M. Hinds)
* Sultan Qaboos encyclopedia of Arab names 2, Treasury of Arab Names, in four volumes. 1991 (coauthored with M. Al-Zubair)
* Modern written Arabic : a comprehensive grammar. 2002
* Arabic-English dictionary of Qur'anic usage. 2007

### Arabic

* Mustawayāt al-ʻArabīyah al-muʻāṣirah fī Miṣr : baḥth fī ʻalāqat al-lughah bi-al-ḥaḍārah. 1973
* Muʻjam asmāʼ al-ʻArab. 1991
* Dalīl aʻlām ʻUmān. 1991
* al-Kitāb al-asāsī fī taʻlīm al-lughah al-ʻArabīyah li-ghayr al-nāṭiqīn bi-hā. 2006
* Buḥūth lughawīyah wa-tarbawīyah fī qaḍāyā al-ʻArabīyah al-muʻāṣirah wa-mushkilātihā. 2015
# Amalophyllon miraculum

Amalophyllon miraculum is a plant species in the family Gesneriaceae endemic to the Andes of Ecuador. It was discovered in Centinela, Ecuador in 2024.
The plant is small in stature and an obligate lithophyte. It lives near waterfalls due to its need of constant moisture.
This small plant with serrated leaves and tiny white flowers is named "miraculum" because its miraculous the species was still there after being thought to be extinct.
# Muzhyliv

Muzhyliv (Ukrainian: Мужилів) is a village in Pidhaitsi urban hromada, Ternopil Raion, Ternopil Oblast, Ukraine.

## History

The first written mention of the village was in 1439.
After the liquidation of the Pidhaitsi Raion on 19 July 2020, the village became part of the Ternopil Raion.

## Religion

* Saint Basil the Great Church (Resurrection; 1703, wooden),
* Church of the Intercession (Nativity of Christ; 1881, brick).

## Notable residents

* Myron F. Diduryk (1938–1970), American soldier, hero of the Vietnam War
# Telesnikovo

Telesnikovo (Russian: Телесниково) is a rural locality (a village) in Golovinskoye Rural Settlement, Sudogodsky District, Vladimir Oblast, Russia. The population was 6 as of 2010.

## Geography

Telesnikovo is located 28 km west of Sudogda (the district's administrative centre) by road. Tsvetkovo is the nearest rural locality.
# Asadkhan, Razavi Khorasan

Asadkhan (Persian: اسدخان, also Romanized as Āsadkhān) is a village in Qara Bashlu Rural District, Chapeshlu District, Dargaz County, Razavi Khorasan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 125, in 23 families.
# Dogachi

Dogachhi (Bengali: দোগাছী) is a village in Nezampur Union Parishad of Nachol Upazila in Chapai Nawabganj District, Bangladesh.
According to the 2011 Bangladesh census, Dogachhi had 426 households and a population of 2,041. 10.5% of the population was under the age of 5. The literacy rate (age 7 and over) was 41.8%.
# Leonid Sandalov

Leonid Mikhaylovich Sandalov (Russian: Леонид Михайлович Сандалов) (10 April 1900, Vichuga, Ivanovo Oblast – October 23, 1987) was a Soviet military leader with the rank of colonel-general. During World War II, he led staffs of the armies and fronts. After the war, he led the staffs of military districts, he was Deputy Chief of Staff of the Army. He received various awards for his service. A talented and prolific memoirist and military analyst. Honorary Citizen of Vichuga, Kobrin, and Riga.

## Honours and awards

* Three Orders of Lenin (1943,1945,1970)
* Order of the Red Banner, four times (1942, 1943, 1944, 1950)
* Order of Suvorov, 1st class (23 May 1945)
* Order of Kutuzov, 1st class (27 August 1943)
* Order of the Red Star (22 February 1941)
* Order of the Patriotic War, 1st class (1985)
* Order of the October Revolution (1980)
* Jubilee Medal "In Commemoration of the 100th Anniversary since the Birth of Vladimir Il'ich Lenin"
* Medal "For the Defence of Moscow"
* Medal "For the Victory over Germany in the Great Patriotic War 1941–1945"
* Jubilee Medal "Twenty Years of Victory in the Great Patriotic War 1941-1945"
* Jubilee Medal "Thirty Years of Victory in the Great Patriotic War 1941-1945"
* Jubilee Medal "Forty Years of Victory in the Great Patriotic War 1941-1945"
* Medal "For the Liberation of Prague"
* Jubilee Medal "XX Years of the Workers' and Peasants' Red Army"
* Jubilee Medal "30 Years of the Soviet Army and Navy"
* Jubilee Medal "40 Years of the Armed Forces of the USSR"
* Jubilee Medal "50 Years of the Armed Forces of the USSR"
* Jubilee Medal "60 Years of the Armed Forces of the USSR"
* Medal "In Commemoration of the 800th Anniversary of Moscow"
# Ficus pertusa

Ficus pertusa is a species of tree in the Mulberry Family (Moraceae). It is found in Mexico and Central and South America.

## Description

Trees up to 25 m (82 feet) tall. Leaves lanceolate, elliptic or ovate, with acuminate or acute apex. Figs edible, globose, 0.8-1.2 cm in diameter. A curiosity of its growth is that, according to Condit, its roots, when they reach another tree, can grow up the trunk as much as forty feet (twelve meters).
# University Library of Wuppertal

The University Library of Wuppertal (German: Universitätsbibliothek Wuppertal, abbreviated UBW) is a central service institution of University of Wuppertal in Wuppertal, Germany. The main building at main campus Grifflenberg holds five special libraries while both sub campuses Haspel and Freudenberg hold one special library each.
About 16,000 people use the library on a regular basis and borrow about 1.9 million books per year.

## History

The library was founded in 1972, the same year the university was founded. It united the former libraries of Pedagogic College Rhineland and College of Wuppertal. In March 2012 a new reading room was opened and included 200 new study desks, a range of internet stations and three lockable rotundas with working stations for groups. The whole room was part of the 2013 Day of Architecture in North Rhine-Westphalia. In December 2013 the library received a large private donation from the family of Mario Puelma that involved thousands of books.

## Stock

The University Library of Wuppertal holds:
* more than 1.2 million books,
* more than 2,300 magazine subscriptions,
* more than 20,100 e-journals.
About 3,000 books are part of the historical stock; so for example the oldest book the library holds is dated back to 1490. The library receives about 20,000 new items per year.

### Collections

The library holds significant private collections of the two philologists Günther Jachmann and Mario Puelma.
# Aspas Rural District

Aspas Rural District (Persian: دهستان آسپاس) is in Sedeh District of Eqlid County, Fars province, Iran. Its capital is the village of Aspas.

## Demographics
### Population

At the time of the 2006 National Census, the rural district's population was 4,116 in 922 households. There were 3,933 inhabitants in 989 households at the following census of 2011. The 2016 census measured the population of the rural district as 3,946 in 1,106 households. The most populous of its 25 villages was Aspas, with 2,016 people.