OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Territorial evolution of Montana

The following chronology traces the territorial evolution of the U.S. State of Montana.

## Timeline

* Historical territorial claims of the United Kingdom in the present State of Montana:
** Rupert's Land, 1670–1870
*** Anglo-American Convention of 1818
* Historical territorial claims of France in the present State of Montana:
** Louisiane, 1682–1764
*** Treaty of Fontainebleau of 1762
* Historical territorial claims of Spain in the present State of Montana:
** Luisiana, 1764–1803
*** Third Treaty of San Ildefonso of 1800
* Historical territorial claims of France in the present State of Montana:
** Louisiane, 1803
*** Vente de la Louisiane of 1803
* Historical international territory in the present State of Montana:
** Oregon Country, 1818–1846
*** Provisional Government of Oregon (extralegal), 1843–1849
*** Oregon Treaty of 1846
* Historical political divisions of the United States in the present State of Montana:
** Unorganized territory created by the Louisiana Purchase, 1803–1804
** District of Louisiana, 1804–1805
** Territory of Louisiana, 1805–1812
** Territory of Missouri, 1812–1821
** Unorganized territory previously the northwestern portion of the Missouri Territory, 1821–1854
** Unorganized territory created by the Oregon Treaty, 1846–1848
** Territory of Oregon, 1848–1859
** Territory of Nebraska, 1854–1867
** Territory of Washington, 1853–1889
** Territory of Dakota, 1861–1889
** Territory of Idaho, 1863–1890
** Territory of Montana, 1864-1889
** State of Montana since November 8, 1889
# National Institute for Higher Education

A National Institute for Higher Education (NIHE) (Irish: Foras Náisiúnta um Ard-Oideachas) was a category of higher education institution established in Ireland to provide higher level technical education above the standard of the then established Regional Technical College system, at university level. Higher level technical education in Ireland was seen to be an area that was poorly served until the advent of these institutions.
The plan was to see degree level education mainly. The first institution was set up in Limerick, where there had been long-standing demand for a university, in fact a "University of Limerick" was proposed inter alia in the late 1960s by the Lichfield Report. The institution at Dublin was to be the unified campus of what later became Dublin Institute of Technology, but instead a new institution was developed similar to Limerick.
In the 1970s it was expected that the institutions would be recognised colleges of the National University of Ireland, in time this status been raised to constituent college status. Initially this did occur for a short time (1976–1977), however the institutions had all degrees conferred by the National Council for Educational Awards after 1977, this continued until university status was achieved.
| Former Institute | Current University | Announced | Opened | University Status |
| National Institute for Higher Education, Limerick | University of Limerick | 1969 | 1972 | 1989 |
| National Institute for Higher Education, Dublin | Dublin City University | 1971 | 1980 | 1989 |

## International Study Group on Technological Education

In November 1986 the International Study Group on Technological Education was established by the Minister for Education.
The chair was T.P. Hardiman, chairman of the Investment Bank of Ireland, whilst the deputy chair was Emeritus Professor of Business Administration at University College Dublin. The other three members were:
* Vice-Chancellor of Brunel University and Vice President of the Royal Society
* President of the University of Waterloo
* Vice-President of the German Research Foundation at Hamburg University of Technology
The institutions were de facto universities from the start, and were elevated to the level of university in 1989 after the International Study Group on Technological Education presented its recommendations to the Irish Government on their status. The original brief of this report was to investigate the creation of a single National Technological University:
    ...to examine third-level technological education outside the universities and to consider the case of a new Technological University...
However the study group found that this title would not be appropriate considering that non-technical disciplines were offered and that one university might limit the innovation which had become the trademark of the two separate institutions:
    ...the NIHE Limerick having the title University of Limerick and the NIHE Dublin having the title Dublin City University or the University of Leinster.
    The title 'technological university" should not be used.
# Nikita Chagrov

Nikita Vladimirovich Chagrov (Russian: Никита Владимирович Чагров; born 24 April 1995) is a Russian football player who plays for Rotor Volgograd.

## Club career

He made his debut in the Russian Professional Football League for FC Chayka Peschanokopskoye on 26 August 2016 in a game against FC Armavir.
He made his Russian Football National League debut for FC Avangard Kursk on 4 March 2018 in a game against FC Yenisey Krasnoyarsk.
On 17 January 2020, he signed a 2.5-year contract with Russian Premier League club FC Tambov. He made his Russian Premier League debut for Tambov on 26 September 2020 in a game against FC Spartak Moscow.
# Taking the Plunge (film)

Taking the Plunge (French: À vos marques... party!, lit. "On Your Marks...Party!") is a Canadian comedy film, directed by Frédéric D'Amours and released in 2007.
The film stars Mélissa Désormeaux-Poulin as Gaby, a teenager who formerly competed in swimming until abandoning the sport due to her self-consciousness about a burn scar on her body; having become a socially withdrawn outsider who aspires only to make it through her final year of high school so that she can go to CEGEP, she is forced by school principal Peggy (Sylvie Moreau) to take on the job of helping new student Sandrine Meilleur (Mariloup Wolfe) to integrate into the school's social environment, which draws Gaby back out of her shell and into a romance with Frédérick Bédard (Jason Roy Léveillée), the popular star of the school's swimming team.
The cast also includes Hélène Bourgeois Leclerc, Maxime Desbiens-Tremblay, Alexandre Despatie, Roxanne Gaudette-Loiseau, Guy Jodoin, Alyssa Labelle, Kim Lambert, Samuel Landry, Catherine de Léan, Marina Orsini, and Andrée Watters in supporting roles.
The film opened in theatres on March 30, 2007.
Taking the Plunge 2 (À vos marques... party!), a sequel film in which Gaby and Fred travel to Quebec City to take part in a swimming competition, went into production in December 2007, and was released commercially in 2009.
Simon Poudrette received a Jutra Award nomination for Best Sound at the 10th Jutra Awards in 2008.
# Hisashi Yamamoto

Hisashi Yamamoto (山本 尚, Yamamoto Hisashi) (born July 16, 1943) is a prominent organic chemist and currently a member of the faculty at the University of Chicago and professor of Chubu University.

## Life

Born in Kobe, Japan, Yamamoto earned a B.S. at Kyoto University in 1967 and a Ph.D. at Harvard University in 1971.
He was a professor at Nagoya University from 1983 until 2002 and has since been a professor within the Department of Chemistry at the University of Chicago. His research work is largely in the chemistry of acid catalysts that play an important role in triggering or driving chemical reactions, specifically Lewis and Brønsted acid catalysts used in selective organic synthesis. Yamamoto has authored or co-authored several books on topics in modern synthetic organic chemistry. As of 2021, his h-index equals to 120 with more than 64,000 citations.

## Awards and recognitions

* 1988 Japan IBM Science Prize
* 1992 Chunichi Culture Award
* 2002 Medals with Purple ribbon
* 2003 Fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
* 2004 Yamada-Koga Prize
* 2006 Tetrahedron Prize for Creativity in Organic Chemistry & BioMedicinal Chemistry
* 2007 Japan Academy Prize (academics)
* 2007 Humboldt Prize
* 2011 The Ryoji Noyori Prize
* 2012 Fujihara Award
* 2017 The Roger Adams Award (American Chemical Society)
* 2018 Person of Cultural Merit
# Umm Al Melh Border Guards Airport

Umm Al Melh Border Guards Airport (Arabic: مطار سلاح الحدود أم الملح) is a Saudi government air base located in southwestern Eastern Province, Saudi Arabia.
The air base was commissioned by the Ministry of the Interior in November 2010 as a base of operations for the Border Guards to patrol the country's southern border. It is part of a proposed network of air bases that would serve as transport, logistical support and evacuation centers for the Border Guards. The base is under construction in the vast Rub' al Khali desert about 43 kilometres (27 mi) from the Yemeni border by the Abdullah A. M. Al-Khodari Sons Company. The first phase of the project was completed for SR 86.3 million. The second phase was commissioned in August 2011 at a cost of SR 120.7 million.
In February 2013, Wired magazine suggested the air base may be a secret U.S. drone base used to carry out drone strikes on targets in Yemen, including the killing of Anwar al-Awlaki in 2011. Although Wired was unable to confirm the claim, both Foreign Policy and Haaretz reported that it was "almost certainly" the secret base. The existence of a Central Intelligence Agency-run drone base in southern Saudi Arabia had been revealed by U.S newspapers two days earlier.
# Coesfeld Schulzentrum station

Coesfeld Schulzentrum (German: Bahnhof Coesfeld Schulzentrum) is a railway station in the town of Coesfeld, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. The station lies on the Coesfeld–Münster railway and the train services are operated by Deutsche Bahn. The station is positioned near the Schulzentrum Coesfeld, giving the station's name, as well as Gymnasiums Nepomucenum and Heriburg. The station was opened on 10 June 2011.

## Train services

The station is served by the following services:
* Local service RB 63 Coesfeld - Münster
# Allah Vajeh Sar

Allah Vajeh Sar (Persian: لله وجه سر, also Romanized as Laleh Vajeh Sar and Laleh Vajh Sar; also known as Lāleh Bacheh Sar) is a village in Dehgah Rural District, Kiashahr District, Astaneh-ye Ashrafiyeh County, Gilan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 528, in 163 families.
# Charan, Gilan

Charan (Persian: چران, also Romanized as Charān) is a village in Dinachal Rural District, Pareh Sar District, Rezvanshahr County, Gilan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 577, in 136 families.
# Saarbrücken Railway

The Saarbrücken Railway (German: Saarbrücker Eisenbahn) was a division of the Prussian state railways that was responsible for the construction of the first railways in the Saarland. The Royal Administration of the Saarbrücken Railway (Königliche Direction der Saarbrücker Eisenbahn) was established on 22 May 1852 with the goal of managing and operating the soon to be opened state railway line from the (then) border with Bavaria near Bexbach via Neunkirchen and St. Johann-Saarbrücken to the French border at Forbach. It replaced the Royal Commission for the construction of the Saarbrücken Railway (Königlichen Kommission für den Bau der Saarbrücker Eisenbahn), which had been created at the end of 1847 by the Prussian government with responsibility for the planning and construction of this line.
On 1 July 1859, it was renamed as the Royal Railway Administration at Saarbrücken (Königliche Eisenbahn-Direction zu Saarbrücken). At the same time it took over the management of the private Rhine-Nahe Railway Company (Rhein-Nahe Eisenbahn-Gesellschaft). In the following years the rail network of the Saarbrücken Railway grew to a total length of 365 km when it became part of the Railway Administration in Frankfurt am Main (Eisenbahn-Direction in Frankfurt am Main) on 1 July 1880. Shortly later, on 1 April 1881, these lines became part of the Royal Railway Administration (left Rhine) in Cologne (Königlichen Eisenbahn-Direction (linksrheinisch) in Köln).

## Development of the rail network

The Palatine Ludwig Railway Company (Pfälzische Ludwigsbahn-Gesellschaft) opened its main line from Homburg to the Prussian border on 25 August 1849. On 20 October 1850 the Saarbrücken Railway extended the line to Neunkirchen. Two years later, on 16 November 1852, passenger trains ran on the line, known as the Forbach Railway, via Sulzbach, Dudweiler and St. Johann-Saarbrücken to reach the French border at Forbach. Freight trains operated on this line from 1 December 1852.
The next line built was the Saar line down the Saar valley from Saarbrücken to Trier. It was opened on 16 December 1858 to Merzig and on 26 May 1860 to Trier West on the left bank of the Moselle. On 29 August 1861 the Trier western line was opened from a junction at Konz to the Luxembourg border at Wasserbillig. Upstream a line was opened on 1 June 1870 to Sarreguemines in Lorraine, which was occupied by German troops at the time during the Franco-Prussian War.
In 1878/79 several line were opened just before the Saar lines' inclusion of the Railway Administration of Frankfurt:
* on 15 May 1878, the Upper Mosel line from Ehrang via Trier to Perl,
* on 15 May 1879, the Moselle line from Koblenz via Cochem to Trier
* on 15 October 1879, the Fischbach Valley Railway from Saarbrücken via Quierschied to Neunkirchen and a link via Scheidt to the former terminus of the Palatine Ludwig Railway at St. Ingbert.
# Frederick Spiller

M. Frederick "Fred" Spiller (22 November 1884 – 14 September 1953) was a British lightweight boxer who competed in the early 20th century.
He won a silver medal in boxing at the 1908 Summer Olympics after losing the final of the lightweight competition against Frederick Grace. He continued boxing until his death on 14 September 1953.
# Naïma Ben Ali

Naïma Ben Ali (Arabic: نعيمة بن علي, romanized: Naʿīme bin ʿAlī); née Kefi (الكافي, il-Kēfī) is the former First Lady of Tunisia as the first wife of Zine El Abidine Ben Ali, serving from 1987 until her divorce from Ben Ali in 1988.

## Biography

Born Naïma Kefi, she was the daughter of Mohamad Kefi, a prominent Tunisian army general who held a high official position in the post-independence government. She met a young member of the Tunisian Army, Zine El Abidine Ben Ali, during the late 1950s or 1960s, though the circumstances of their meeting remain subject to some debate. The couple married in 1964. Ben Ali's marriage to Naïma, the daughter of a high ranking general, immediately helped his career and eventually helped propel him to the presidency two decades later. Ben Ali, who was only a non-commissioned officer at the time, was appointed Director of Military Intelligence in 1964, shortly after his wedding.
Naïma Ben Ali and Ben Ali had three daughters, all of whom married prominent Tunisian businessmen: Ghazoua Ben Ali, born March 8, 1963, in Le Bardo prior to their marriage, and married Slim Zarouk. Dorsaf Ben Ali, born July 5, 1965, who is the wife of Slim Chiboub. Their youngest daughter, Cyrine Ben Ali, was born August 21, 1971.
By the mid-1980s, Ben Ali, the then Director General of National Security, was having an affair with his mistress, Leïla Trabelsi, whom he had met in 1984, marking the beginning of the end of his marriage to Naïma Ben Ali. Ben Ali and Trabelsi had a daughter out of wedlock in January 1987.
Naïma Ben Ali became First Lady of Tunisia in 1987 when Zine El Abidine Ben Ali became president. However, President Ben Ali divorced Naïma in 1988, after 24 years of marriage, in favor of his mistress, Leïla Trabelsi, who moved into the presidential palace shortly after the separation was announced.
Naïma Ben Ali remained in Tunis following the Tunisian Revolution, which ousted her ex-husband from power.
# Kolomytsevo

Kolomytsevo (Russian: Коломыцево) is a rural locality (a selo) and the administrative center of Kolomytsevskoye Rural Settlement, Krasnogvardeysky District, Belgorod Oblast, Russia. The population was 384 as of 2010. There are 3 streets.

## Geography

Kolomytsevo is located 17 km (11 mi) south of Biryuch (the district's administrative centre) by road. Kravtsov is the nearest rural locality.
# Maya (river)

The Maya (Russian: Мая; Yakut: Маайа, Maaya) is a river in Khabarovsk Krai and Sakha, Russia. It is a right tributary of the Aldan of the Lena basin. The length of the river is 1,053 kilometres (654 mi). The area of its basin 171,000 square kilometres (66,000 sq mi).
The Maya was part of the river route from Yakutsk to the Okhotsk Coast. From the Mati either the Lama Portage or the Alanchak Portage led to the Ulya and the coast. Near the southernmost point was the settlement of Nelkan from which a track led over the mountains to Ayan. From Ust-Maya there was a horse-track to Yakutsk. Eastbound boats that reached Ust-Maya from the Lena were replaced by smaller boats to continue up the Maya.

## Course

Its course is approximately V-shaped. The upper Maya runs about 201 kilometres (125 mi) southwest parallel to the coast between the Dzhugdzhur mountains and the Yudoma Plateau. About 80 kilometres (50 mi) from its source the 167 km (104 mi) long Mati river joins its right bank from the south. The Maya flows west for perhaps 64 kilometres (40 mi) and receives the Maimakan River from the southwest. From here the river flows basically north about 320 kilometres (200 mi), receives the Yudoma from the east and joins the Aldan at Ust-Maya.
The Maya freezes up in late October and stays under the ice until May. The river is navigable up to 500 kilometres (310 mi) upstream from its mouth. The Yudoma-Maya Highlands are located in the basin of the Maya.

### Tributaries

The 765 km (475 mi) long Yudoma from the right is one of the biggest tributaries of the Maya. Other important tributaries are the 421 km (262 mi) long Maymakan, the 246 km (153 mi) long Batomga and the 233 km (145 mi) long Severny Uy from the left, as well as the 171 km (106 mi) long Ingili from the right.
# Natur & Kultur

Natur & Kultur is a Swedish publishing foundation with head office in Stockholm known for an extensive series of teaching materials. Its logotype is an apple tree.

## Overview

The publishing house was founded in 1922 by Johan Hansson and his wife Jenny Bergqvist Hansson, with a focus on educational and didactic works of literature. During the Second World War, it published anti-Nazi literature. It was transformed into a foundation in 1947.
In the 1980s and 1990s, Natur & Kultur bought a number of other publishing houses, such as Askild & Kärnekull Förlag AB, (later renamed to Legenda) and LTs Förlag. In addition to textbooks for different levels of education, Natur & Kultur also publishes literary classics and mainstream literature.
# Amilcar CGS

The Amilcar CGS Grand Sport was a popular inter war lightweight sports car, manufactured by the French automobile maker Amilcar between 1923 and 1925. A response to the successful Salmson VAL3 series, the "C Grand Sport" was developed from the Amilcar C. The CGS had a longer, more rigid chassis, and improved brakes in addition to its bigger engine.
Its 1,074cc, 30 bhp, side valve engine with an aluminium head gave it a listed top speed of at least 120 km/h (75 mph), and could be tuned for better performance. Four-wheel brakes were fitted.
A lowered and higher tuned version, the CGSS, the second S standing for surbaisse (lowered), was also made. Around 4,700 of both types were made.

## Racing History
### 24 Hours of Le Mans
#### 1924

A single CGS was entered as a works car at the 1924 24 Hours of Le Mans. The car did not finish due to a problem with its oil tank.

#### 1925

A single CGS was entered as a works car at the 1925 24 Hours of Le Mans. French race car driver Marius Mestivier had a fatal accident in the evening which resulted in the car not finishing.
# Lampert Hont-Pázmány

Lampert Hont-Pázmány (Hungarian: Hont-Pázmány nembeli Lampert) may refer to:
* Lampert Hont-Pázmány (lord), Hungarian lord and founder of the Bozók Abbey (died 1132)
* Lampert Hont-Pázmány (bishop), Hungarian prelate, Bishop of Eger (died 1275)
# Sha Li

Sha Li (born 14 August 1988) is a Chinese triple jumper.

## Achievements

| Year | Competition | Venue | Position | Event | Notes |
| Representing China ||||||
| 2004 | Asian Junior Championships | Ipoh, Malaysia | 2nd | Triple jump | 13.21 m |
| 2005 | World Youth Championships | Marrakech, Morocco | 18th (q) | Long jump | 5.91 m (w) |
| 2005 | World Youth Championships | Marrakech, Morocco | 1st | Triple jump | 13.81 m |
| 2006 | World Junior Championships | Beijing, China | 2nd | Triple jump | 14.01 m (wind: +0.8 m/s) (PB) |
| 2007 | Asian Championships | Amman, Jordan | 2nd | Triple jump | 14.03 m (w) |

### Personal bests

* Long jump - 6.31 m (2007)
* Triple jump - 14.01 m (2006)
# Mateyivtsi

Mateyivtsi (Ukrainian: Матеївці; Polish: Matyjowce), also known as Matiyivtsi (Ukrainian: Матіївці) is a village in Kolomyia Raion, Ivano-Frankivsk Oblast, in western Ukraine. It is the administrative centre of Mateyivtsi rural hromada. Its population is 1,753 (as of 2023).

## History

Mateyivtsi was first mentioned in 1764. As of 1939, the village had a population of 1,050, according to Volodymyr Kubijovyč. Of these, 950 were Ukrainians, 60 were Polish people, 30 were Jews, and 10 were Latynnyky.
There is a wooden church in the village, known as the Church of the Intercession. It was constructed in 1834 as a replacement for the original (possibly built in 1695).
# Nusret Imamović

Nusret Imamović (26 September 1971) is a Bosnian Shaikhul Islam of the bosnian khilafah, leader who founded the Salafist community in Gornja Maoča.

## Biography

Imamović was born in Lipovice near Kalesija. He studied at the Gazi Husrev-begova Medresa. During the Bosnian War from 1992 to 1995, Imaović was a member of the Bosnian mujahideen who fought for the Army of the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina. After the end of the war, Imamović went to the United Arab Emirates, where he earned a degree in Sharia law. After his studies, he returned to Bosnia and Herzegovina. There, he became one of the two principal leaders of the Bosnian Salafist group along with Jusuf Barčić.
For some time he lived in Zavidovići and in 2006 moved to Gornja Maoča where he established a Salafist community. After Barčić's death in a car crash in 2007, Imamović became his successor. He was briefly arrested in 2010 and released. Imamović publicly supported multiple times violence and the global jihad movement.
In 2013, he went to Syria to fight in the civil war against the Syrian government as a member of the Al-Nusra Front. The last reports state that he lives in the northern area of the Idlib Governorate in Syria. According to an unnamed Salafi source, Imamović relocated to Syria because he "couldn’t bear the constant pressure and accusations that he was a terrorist" back home in Bosnia.
The Syrian civil war divided the Salafist community in Bosnia and Herzegovina, with one side led by Imammović supporting the Al-Nusra Front, while the other, led by Bilal Bosnić supported the Islamic State.
In 2014, the United States Department of State listed Imamović on their list of most-wanted terrorists.
Imamović was included in new 15 January 2020 EU consolidated list of persons eligible for financial sanctions based on suspicion of terrorist activities.

## Footnotes

* 1 2 3 4 "Najtraženiji terorista Nusret Imamović nalazi se u Idlibu?!". Avaz.ba (in Serbo-Croatian). 9 February 2021. Retrieved 3 October 2022.
* 1 2 3 Aščić 2021.
* 1 2 Hesová 2021, p. 601.
* ↑ Babić 2017, p. 184.
* ↑ Petrović, Predrag; Ignjatijević, Marija (2022). "Resilience to extremism". Resilience to Violent Extremism in Serbia: 21–28.
* ↑ Prezelj, Iztok; Kocjancic, Klemen (2020). "A Broad Spectrum of Signs of Islamist Radicalisation and Extremism in a Country without a Single Terrorist Attack: The Case of Slovenia". Perspectives on Terrorism. 14 (3): 29–45. ISSN 2334-3745. JSTOR 26918298.
* 1 2 Jutarnji list 2014.
* ↑ "Nusret Imamović osvanuo na novoj listi: Finansijske sankcije EU i za teroristu iz BiH". Avaz.ba (in Serbo-Croatian). 20 January 2020. Retrieved 3 October 2022.