OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Patricia Monture-Angus

Patricia Monture-Angus (September 24, 1958 – November 17, 2010) was a Canadian Mohawk lawyer, activist, educator and author.
Monture-Angus was a member of the Six Nations of the Grand River. She graduated from Queen's University law school in May 1988, and went on to briefly study (but did not graduate) at Osgoode Hall. In August 1988, Monture-Angus filed a suit in Ontario's Supreme Court stating that she should not be required to take an oath of allegiance to the Queen because she is a member of a sovereign nation. According to Sections 4 and 5 of the Public Officers Act, R.S.O. 1980, c. 4 15 as amended, and Rules 53 (4) and 5 1 under the Law Society Act which stated that any person appointed to any office in Ontario or called as a barrister or admitted as a solicitor must declare the following oath:
   I... do swear that I will be faithful and bear true allegiance to Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth the Second (or the reigning Sovereign for the time being), her heirs and successors according to law. So help me God.
Monture-Angus argued that she was a member of a sovereign people, the Mohawk Nation, whose sovereignty has never been surrendered or extinguished. This sovereignty has been consistently recognized through treaties and historical custom, both pre-dating Confederation and continuing uninterrupted thereafter. The case never went to court. The Law Society agreed to change its rules and make the oath optional. Monture-Angus was called to the Ontario bar in January 1994.
Monture-Angus taught law at Dalhousie University and at the University of Ottawa's Common Law School before accepting a position in the Department of Native Studies at the University of Saskatchewan in 1994. She was granted tenure in 1998 and promoted to full professor in 1999. She married Denis Angus of the Thunderchild First Nation Cree Nation, of Treaty Six, in 1991. Patricia Monture-Angus died on November 17, 2010, in Saskatoon, Saskatchewan.

## Publications

* Thunder in my Soul: A Mohawk Woman Speaks. Fernwood Publishing, Halifax, 1995.
* Journeying Forward: Dreaming First Nations' Independence. Fernwood Publishing, Halifax, 1999.
* First Voices: An Aboriginal Women's Reader Monture-Angus, Patricia and Patricia Mcguire (Eds). Inanna Publications, Toronto, 2009.
# Yazdabad, Kashan

Yazdabad (Persian: يزداباد, also Romanized as Yazdābād) is a village in Kuhpayeh Rural District, in the Central District of Kashan County, Isfahan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 165, in 41 families.
# Kani Sharif

Kani Sharif (Persian: كاني شريف, also Romanized as Kānī Sharīf; also known as Şafā’īyeh and Shāh Godār) is a village in Hasanabad Rural District, in the Central District of Ravansar County, Kermanshah Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 221, in 51 families.
# Jorge Montt Glacier

Jorge Montt Glacier is a tidewater glacier located in the Aisén Region of Chile, south of the town of Caleta Tortel. It lies at the north end of the Southern Patagonian Ice Field, within Bernardo O'Higgins National Park. The mouth of Pascua River is located in the vicinity of the glacier calving front.
The total drainage area of the glacier is about 510 km$^2$ (200 sq mi). The glacier's ice is thinning most at low elevations, where air temperature is the highest. Ice thinning between 1975 and 2000 averaged 3.3 m (11 ft) per year over the entire glacier, and reached 18 m (59 ft) per year at the lowest elevations. The glacier calving front experienced a major retreat of 8.5 km (5.3 mi) in those 25 years as a result of rapid thinning. The glacier calves off icebergs into the Baker Channel.
In 2000, NASA wrote: Conventional topographic data from the 1970s and 1990s were compared with data from NASA's February 2000 Shuttle Radar Topography Mission to measure changes in the volumes of the 63 largest glaciers in the region over time. The researchers concluded the thinning rate of the Patagonia Icefields more than doubled during the period from 1995 through 2000 versus the period from 1975 to 2000.
In December 2011, a new study was published. "The study was presented by glaciologist and CECs researcher Andrés Rivera, who focused his investigation on changes in the glacier between February 2010 and January 2011. Using a series of 1,445 photos taken throughout this period, scientists found that the glacier shrank roughly 82 feet each day, receding more than half a mile in the course of the year."
Rivera's study showed the glacier's unique rate of retreat was primarily a function of the fjord's peculiar bathymetry; secondarily a result of a warming climate. In 2010 remnants of nothofagus (southern beech) were discovered and later dated, "yielding burial ages between 460 and 250 cal yrs BP." According to Rivera: "The tree-ring results suggest the area was covered by an old-growth forest dominated by Nothofagus betuloides ("coigue de Magallanes" – Magellanic southern beech) with individuals of average age close to 150 years, co-existing for almost 300 years (total chronology length). The radiocarbon ages of between 250 and 450 years BP from two of the sampled trees suggest that the tree ring samples were taken from a mature forest that was destroyed by the advance of Glaciar Jorge Montt during the LIA period."
# Shuya (Karelia)

The Shuya (Russian: Шуя; Finnish: Suojoki, also Suoju) is a river in the Republic of Karelia in Russia. The length of the river is 194 km. The area of its basin is 10,100 km$^2$. The Shuya flows out of Lake Suoyarvi and discharges into Lake Logmozero, which is connected with Lake Onega by a 0.8 km watercourse. The river freezes up between November and January and stays icebound until April or the first half of May.
It is the world's only river to change course from 15 to 20 times a year.

## Settlements

Settlements by the river include Shuya, Matrosy, Sodder, Ignoyla and Suoyoki. Pryazha and Petrozavodsk are also close to it.
# Bubble point

In thermodynamics, the bubble point is the temperature (at a given pressure) where the first bubble of vapor is formed when heating a liquid consisting of two or more components. Given that vapor will probably have a different composition than the liquid, the bubble point (along with the dew point) at different compositions are useful data when designing distillation systems.
For a single component the bubble point and the dew point are the same and are referred to as the boiling point.

## Calculating the bubble point

At the bubble point, the following relationship holds:
    $\sum _{i=1}^{N_{c}}y_{i}=\sum _{i=1}^{N_{c}}K_{i}x_{i}=1$
where
    $K_{i}\equiv {\frac {y_{ie}}{x_{ie}}}$.
K is the distribution coefficient or K factor, defined as the ratio of mole fraction in the vapor phase ${\bigy_{ie}{\big )}$ to the mole fraction in the liquid phase ${\bigx_{ie}{\big )}$ at equilibrium.
When Raoult's law and Dalton's law hold for the mixture, the K factor is defined as the ratio of the vapor pressure to the total pressure of the system:
    $K_{i}={\frac {P'_{i}}{P}}$
Given either of $x_{i}$ or $y_{i}$ and either the temperature or pressure of a two-component system, calculations can be performed to determine the unknown information.
# Markada Subdistrict

Markada Subdistrict (Arabic: ناحية مركدة) is a subdistrict of al-Hasakah District in southern al-Hasakah Governorate, northeastern Syria. The Administrative centre is the city of Markada.
At the 2004 census, the subdistrict had a population of 34,745.
# Langar, Rabor

Langar (Persian: لنگر) is a village in Rabor Rural District, in the Central District of Rabor County, Kerman Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 54, in 12 families.
# Hajj Qalandar, Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad

Hajj Qalandar (Persian: حاج قلندر, also Romanized as Ḩājj Qalandar; also known as Ḩājjī Qalandar and Posht Kūh) is a village in Babuyi Rural District, Basht District, Basht County, Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 80, in 21 families.
# Marr (automobile)

The Marr Auto-Car was an automobile built in Elgin, Illinois by the Marr Auto-Car Company from 1902 to 1904.

## History

The car was designed by early automobile pioneer Walter L. Marr who had worked as an engine designer for Buick in 1901 and went on to be Chief Engineer there from 1904 to 1918.
The Marr was a two-seat runabout with a single-cylinder 1.7L engine that was mounted under the seat. The engine is one of the first known to have featured an overhead camshaft (OHC). The vehicle had the first tilt steering wheel, changeable speed gears on a planetary transmission and a revolutionary new carburetor. Factory price was $600, (equivalent to $20,347 in 2023).
The plant burned to the ground in August 1904 with 14 cars inside. Only one Marr Auto-Car is extant.
# The Jungle Goddess

The Jungle Goddess is a 1922 American adventure film serial, directed by James Conway, in 15 chapters, starring Elinor Field, Truman Van Dyke and Marie Pavis. A co-production by William N. Selig Productions and Warner Bros., it was distributed by the Export & Import Film Company, and ran in U.S. theaters between May 15 and August 21, 1922.
This serial is considered lost.

## Synopsis

A young girl is kidnapped and put in the basket of a hot air balloon. The balloon is accidentally cut loose and drifts into the middle of the African jungle. The young girl is captured by a tribe of cannibals, who transform her into the tribe's goddess. Years later, a young man who had been her childhood friend organizes a jungle expedition to find and save her.

## Cast

* Elinor Field as Betty Castleton / "Jungle Goddess"
* Truman Van Dyke as Ralph Dean
* Marie Pavis as Betty's Mother
* L. M. Wells as Dr. James Scranton
* Lafe McKee as Chief Obar Sen
* Vonda Phelps as Betty as a Little Girl
* Olin Francis as High Priest
* William Pratt as Constable
* George Reed as Native guide

## Chapter titles

* Sacrificed to the Lions
* The City of Blind Waters
* Saved by the Great Ape
* The Hell-Ship
* Wild Beasts in Command
* Sky High with a Leopard
* The Rajah's Revenge
* The Alligator's Victim
* At Grips with Death
* The Leopard Woman
* Soul of Buddha
* Jaws of Death
* Cave of Beasts
* Jungle Terrors
* The Mad Lion

## Release

The film was given an international release, being released in Brazil under the title A Deusa do Sertão ("The Goddess of the Sertão").

## Reception

The film serial received generally good reviews, with reviews in film magazines describing The Jungle Goddess as being more "elaborate" and "thrilling" with its "unadulterated action."
# Khatling Glacier

Khatling Glacier is a glacier located in the Tehri Garhwal district of Uttarakhand in India.

## Wildlife

In 2016, snow leopards were spotted for the first time near the glacier by the Wildlife Institute of India.
# SM City Sto. Tomas

| Preceded bySM Center San Pedro | 85th SM Supermall 2024 | Succeeded bySM City Caloocan |
# Shaleh

Shaleh (Persian: شله) is a village in Zalu Ab Rural District, in the Central District of Ravansar County, Kermanshah Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 198, in 42 families.
# Llewellyn Glacier

The Llewellyn Glacier is a glacier located in British Columbia and Alaska. It is the second-largest glacier in the Juneau Icefield. The glacier has rapidly retreated as of recent, and on June 6, 2018, a large kilometre-sized chunk of the narrow tongue of the glacier broke off and plunged into Atlin Lake.
# Kuskulana Glacier

The Kuskulana Glacier is a glacier in the Wrangell Mountains of Alaska.
The Kuskulana Glacier trends southwest 24 km (15 mi) from Mount Blackburn to its terminus at the head of Kuskulana River, 46 km (29 mi) northwest of McCarthy in the Wrangell Mountains.
Kuskulana is an Indian name given in 1900 by T. G. Gerdine of the US Geological Survey.
# ECID

ECID may refer to:
* Ecid, American rapper
* A technical term involved in Apple security SHSH blob
* East Coast Integrated Depot, a bus and train depot in Singapore
# Kangaamiut Kangerluarsuat Fjord

Kangaamiut Kangerluarsuat Fjord (old spelling: Kangâmiut Kangerdluarssuat) is a fjord in the Qeqqata municipality in western Greenland. The fjord is located halfway between the lower runs of the long Kangerlussuaq Fjord in the north, and Kangerlussuatsiaq Fjord in the south, emptying into Davis Strait.

## Geography

The head of the fjord at 66°00′10″N 52°52′45″W﻿ / ﻿66.00278°N 52.87917°W﻿ / 66.00278; -52.87917 is formed by the short Illorlersuaq icefjord flowing from the tidewater Sermitsiaq Glacier draining the Maniitsoq ice cap, now separated from the Greenland ice sheet (Greenlandic: Sermersuaq). The fjord flows southwestward, opening into Davis Strait, with its mouth dotted with several skerries.

## Settlement

Kangaamiut is the only settlement in the vicinity, located on a small island to the south of the fjord mouth.
65°59′N 53°03′W﻿ / ﻿65.983°N 53.050°W﻿ / 65.983; -53.050
# Yisroel Dovid Harfenes

Rabbi Yisroel Dovid ben Menachem Nachum Harfenes is a Haredi posek ("decisor of Jewish law") and scholar, residing in Williamsburg, Brooklyn, New York. He is the Rabbi of the Yisroel Vehazmanim Synagogue in Williamsburg, and is the author of multiple books on Halakha. Many of the books he has authored are responsa
Many of his books are available online (for free) at hebrewbooks.org.
He is a dayan on the Hisachdus Harabonim Beth din in Williamsburg.

## Personal life

His mother was Sara Harfenes and his father was R’Menachem Nuchem Harfenes.
His siblings are, Moshe Shaul Harfenes ob”m, Chanie Singer, Yoily (Yoel) Harfenes and Chaya Miriam Schachter.

## Selected works

* Yisroel Vehazmanim OCLC 48977504 on zmanim
* Yisroel VeOraisa OCLC 61485761
* Chinuch Yisroel OCLC 41163624
* Mekadesh Hashabos OCLC 41163624
* Mekadesh Yisroel (responsa) OCLC 122809123
* Nishmas Yisroel OCLC 34027698
* Nishmas Shabos (responsa) OCLC 144652921
* Vayevarech Dovid OCLC 23462776
* Dudaei Yisroel OCLC 54362391
* Yisroel Araivim OCLC 62316105
* Shirai Dovid OCLC 56499018
* Pri Eitz Hadar OCLC 23269161
* This biographical article about an American rabbi is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
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# Agreement

Agreement may refer to:

## Agreements between people and organizations

* Gentlemen's agreement, not enforceable by law
* Trade agreement, between countries
* Consensus (disambiguation), a decision-making process
* Contract, enforceable in a court of law
** Meeting of the minds (a.k.a. mutual agreement), a common understanding in the formation of a contract
* Pact, convention, or treaty between nations, sub-national entities, organizations, corporations

## Arts and media

* Agreement, a 1978 book of poetry by Peter Seaton
* Agreement (film), a 1980 Bollywood film

## Science and mathematics

* Agreement (linguistics) or concord, a change in the form of a word depending on grammatical features of another word
* Consistency, logical agreement between two or more propositions
* Reliability (statistics) in the sense of, for example, inter-rater agreement

## Other uses

* Agreement (political party), a Polish political party
* Operation Agreement, a British 1942 military operation during the Western Desert Campaign
# Garrison school

Garrison schools (Russian: гарнизо́нные шко́лы) in 18th century Russia were military schools that provided the primary education for the children of the military recruits. The institution of the Garrison schools was introduced by the ukase (decree) of Tsar Peter the Great in 1721 primarily for the children of military recruits in the course of Peter's reform of the Russian military. This so-called military revolution transformed the military from an archaic militia-like force to the regular army, which drew upon military recruits called, predominantly from enserfed peasantry, to serve for 25 years, which, given the expected life span of most Russian serfs at the time, essentially meant that they would serve for life. The recruits and their children born after the recruitment were liberated from the serf status, and a network of Garrison schools was created for the children's education. The boys, starting from the age of 7, were taught literacy, elementary math, "artillery and military engineering", but also fine arts and several trade professions, such as shoe-making, sewing, wood- and metal-working, etc.
Initially, 49 schools were founded, each for 50 boys aged 7 to 15. Upon completion of elementary study course, the boys' education was specialized as follows: 10 boys studied artillery and fortification, 20 studied music (drums and singing), 10 studied trade professions and 10 studied clerical work and writing, scrivenery (письмоводство). Most school graduates entered the military service.
In 1798, the Garrison schools were renamed "Military institutions for the orphans" (военно-сиротские отделения) which in turn were transformed into Cantonist schools.
# Global Compact

Global Compact as used in politics may refer broadly to an international pact or treaty; in more specific cases it may refer to:
* United Nations Global Compact, a non-binding United Nations pact of business policies
* Global Compact for Safe, Orderly and Regular Migration (GCM), a UN non-binding intergovernmental agreement
* Global Compact on Refugees
# Convention of Saint Petersburg (1747)

The Convention of Saint Petersburg was a military pact concluded between Great Britain, Russia and the Dutch Republic in 1747. It confirmed an alliance between the three during the War of the Austrian Succession, directed against France and Prussia. It was signed in Saint Petersburg on 15 August 1747.
# Joud Fahmy

Joud Fahmy (Arabic: جود فهمي; born 20 February 1994) is a Saudi Arabian judoka. She was slated to represent Saudi Arabia in the 2016 Summer Olympics but she forfeited her first match.
Her father is a diplomat, and she has lived in Santa Monica, California since 2014. She is 1.64 m (5 ft 5 in) tall, and weighs 52 kg (115 lb) She competes in the -52 kg weight category.

## Anti-Israel controversy

Allegedly, Fahmy forfeited her match in order to avoid competing against Israeli judoka Gili Cohen in the second round. Fahmy, Saudi Arabia's news agency Al Arabiya, and the Saudi Olympic delegation said that Fahmy forfeited because she received injuries to her hands and feet in training. However, other media outlets such as Israel Channel 2 reported she was not injured.
Jim Nieto, the martial arts instructor who coached her before the Olympics, said it seemed fishy that she, after taking part in the Opening Ceremony, was reportedly injured so close to her fight date, because top competitors generally don't fight the day before their competition. He said "I feel sorry for her. Let her fight — even if she lasts 10 seconds. She busted her butt for almost a year to get there."
# Party plan

The party plan is a method of marketing products by hosting what is presented as a social event at which products will be offered for sale. It is a form of direct selling. The primary system for generating sales leads for home party plan sales is the home party itself: the salesperson uses the home party business model as a source for future business by asking attendees if they would like to host selling parties, too.
Direct selling through the party plan typically uses multi-level marketing (salesperson is paid for selling and for sales made by people they recruit or sponsor) rather than single-level marketing (salesperson is paid only for the sales they make themself).
This plan has been used primarily to sell items whose main appeal is to women by women, such as kitchen utensils, home decor items, jewelry, cosmetics, handbags, and similar products. Recent additions to the field include lingerie, wine, and sex toys. Sometimes a combination party is held, at which a wide variety of such merchandise is offered for sale.

## How it works

In this system, representatives of the sales organization, usually women, approach other women about hosting a social event in their homes during which a product will be demonstrated and offered for sale to guests. In consideration, they will be given hostess gifts and a portion of the proceeds from the amount of goods sold. Frequently all in attendance will be given a token item of nominal value as an incentive to attend.
At the event, the salesperson displays and demonstrates various products. She then takes orders from attendees. The salesperson is almost always paid solely a commission on sales. If the salesperson has recruited other sales people into the organization, then she also receives a commission based on her recruits' sales.

## History

The party plan is regarded as primarily the invention of Norman W. Squires, who developed it for Stanley Home Products in Westfield, MA, which company was founded by Stanley Beveridge and Catherine O'Brien in the mid-1930s. Mr. Beveridge and Ms. O'Brien were former employees of the Fuller Brush Company, which sold its products with door-to-door salespersons.

## Criticism

The party plan is criticized for exploiting social conventions and pressuring "guests" into buying things they do not want.
Purse parties that are not done through a dedicated program by the manufacturer differ, however, from these other parties in that the merchandise at these parties often consists of counterfeit knock-offs of popular, name-brand purses. Merchandise at American purse parties is usually bought in bulk from smugglers in New York's Chinatown or in Los Angeles' garment district and sold to unsuspecting customers at a significantly higher price, although still lower than the retail price of the legitimate product. These inferior smuggled goods have been linked to organized crime and the funding of terrorism, so purse parties have become of interest to law enforcement. Selling such purses, with an imitation designer label, is a US federal crime, even if the seller tells the buyer that the purse is a fake.
# Gennady Nilov

Gennady Petrovich Nilov (Russian: Генна́дий Петро́вич Ни́лов; 1 October 1936) is a Soviet and Russian actor.

## Biography

Gennady Nilov was born in 1936 in the town of Luga, Leningrad Oblast (now St. Petersburg). His father was a clerk, his mother was a cook. Because of the constant changes of residence, the young Gennady had to study three times in the first grade and for this reason he completed his first grade only at the age of 9 in Kyiv.
His uncle on mother's side is Pavel Kadochnikov. After the war Nilovs family had been sharing the apartment with the famous actor for some time. It was at that time that Gennady expressed his interest in acting. While studying at school, he was the head of the drama club, he used to stage performances and pick costumes for actors himself. When Pavel Kadochnikov was shooting for the movie Secret Agent, Gennady took part as an extra in the movie.

## Career

Gennady Nilov graduated from Leningrad state Institute of Theatre, Music and Cinema in 1959. He was appointed as a member of the staff of Lenfilm studio, where he worked for 34 years. Popularity came to him after the movie Three Plus Two, where he played the role of sullen physicist.
Gennady Nilov has more than 40 roles played in the cinema.

## Personal life

First time he got married, while studying at the Institute to the actress Svetlana Zhgun, who studied at the same institute. But their marriage did not last long. He met his second wife (Galina) in 1961. The couple had two sons – Alexey and Anton. Alexey is now a well-known actor of theater and cinema, and Anton works in a firm for the production of automobile tires.

## Filmography

* Secret Agent (1947)
* Life in Your Hands (1958)
* The Overcoat (1959)
* Virgin Soil Upturned (1959)
* Iriston's Son (1959)
* Three Plus Two (1963)
* Footprint in the Ocean (1964)
* Nights of Farewell (1965)
* The Snow Maiden (1968)
* Hail, Mary! (1970)
* Mission in Kabul (1970)
* Farewell to St. Petersburg (1972)
* Captain Nemo (1975)
* The Captivating Star of Happiness (1975)
* I Shall Never Forget (1983)
* Anna Karamazoff (1991)
* The White Horse (1993)