OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Apaj Gutkeled

Apaj (I) from the kindred Gutkeled (Hungarian: Gutkeled nembeli (I.) Apaj; died after 1239) was a Hungarian baron in the first third of the 13th century, who served as Ban of Slavonia from 1237 to 1239, during the reign of Béla IV of Hungary.

## Family

Apaj was born into the Sárvármonostor branch of the powerful gens (clan) Gutkeled. His parentage is unknown. His brothers were Nicholas (I) and Csépán, ancestors of the Bocskai and Bacskai noble families, respectively. One of his cousins was Dragun, progenitor of the Majád branch. Apaj and his unidentified wife had a son Apaj (II). His branch became extinct in the 1340s.

## Career

Apaj was a confidant of prince Coloman, who was Duke of Slavonia from 1226. He functioned as ispán of Somogy County between 1229 and 1234, which then belonged to the duke's province. Apaj possessed landholdings in Križevci County (Körös) in the area between Legrad and Rasinja (present-day in Croatia). In the latter place he built a castle later called Apajvára (lit. "Apaj's Castle). The Hungarian name of the village Apajkeresztúr still preserves the name of the original owner. The castle is first mentioned by contemporary sources in 1236. According to Croatian historian Baltazar Adam Krčelić, Apaj handed over the fort to the Knights Templar in exchange for his spiritual salvation.
Following Béla's ascension to the Hungarian throne, Apaj was appointed Ban of Slavonia sometime between 1235 and 1237. His deputy was vice-ban Jaksa Isaan, who is mentioned in this capacity throughout from 1238 to 1242. Apaj held his office at least until 1239, when he was succeeded by his brother Nicholas Gutkeled. It is likely that his death can be placed around this time, 1239 or 1240. His surviving seal from 1239 is one of the earliest rare examples in Hungary which depicts a mounted knight. His lands were inherited by his only son Apaj (II), who was also referred to as patron of the Sárvár family monastery in 1270. Apaj's great-grandson, Stephen was the last male member of Apaj's branch.
# Berezova

Berezova (Russian: Березова) is a rural locality (a village) in Yurlinskoye Rural Settlement, Yurlinsky District, Perm Krai, Russia. The population was 16 as of 2010. There are 3 streets.

## Geography

Berezova is located 59 km northwest of Yurla (the district's administrative centre) by road. Lipova is the nearest rural locality.
# Chaqa Bahram

Chaqa Bahram (Persian: چقابهرام, also Romanized as Chaqā Bahrām, Cheqā bahrām, Choghā Bahrām, Choghā Bahrām, and Choqā Bahrām; also known as Bahārābād) is a village in Zhan Rural District, in the Central District of Dorud County, Lorestan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 319, in 75 families.
# 1896 East Kerry by-election

The 1896 East Kerry by-election was held on 27 March 1896 due to the incumbent MP, Michael Davitt of the Irish National Federation also standing in South Mayo and taking that seat so leaving East Kerry vacant.
The Nationalists had split into two factions after the party leader, Charles Stewart Parnell was named as co-respondent in a divorce. James Roche was supported initially by both the Parnellites and the Anti-Parnellites, until it was revealed that he was himself divorced. During the campaign, Roche denied publicly that he knew of the divorce or that he had deserted his wife and children. It was thought Roche lost some support because as a divorced man he was less popular with the Catholic vote. Although he went on to win the seat, the opposing Unionist candidate gained the highest vote ever recorded for a Unionist candidate in Kerry East.
Roche served one term and did not stand in the following general election in 1900.
East Kerry by-election, 27 March 1896 :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | Irish National Federation | James Roche | 1,961 | 74.2 | N/A |
| | Irish Unionist | Capt John McGillycuddy | 680 | 25.7 | New |
| Majority | Majority | Majority | 1,281 | 48.5 | N/A |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 2,641 | 46.9 | N/A |
| | Irish National Federation hold | Irish National Federation hold | Swing | N/A | |
# Zykovo

Zykovo (Russian: Зыково) is a rural locality (a village) in Fominskoye Rural Settlement, Gorokhovetsky District, Vladimir Oblast, Russia. The population was 2 as of 2010.

## Geography

Zykovo is located 35 km southwest of Gorokhovets (the district's administrative centre) by road. Prosye is the nearest rural locality.
# A Resting Bashi-Bazouk

Rest of the Bashibozuk (Serbian: Одмор башибозука, Odmor bašibozuka), also known as the Arnaut warrior and the Albanian warrior, is an early work by the Serbian artist Paja Jovanović, created in the mid-1880s. It is an example of an academic art from the artist's orientalist phase of creativity. The picture shows an armed bashi-bozuk relaxing with tea or coffee and smoking hookah.
Resting Bashibozuk was created in technique oil on panel around 1887 or 1888 and is currently held in the collection of the Belgrade City Museum, which houses the legacy of Paja Jovanović.
# Spisula sachalinensis

Spisula sachalinensis (Japanese: 姥貝, Ubagai or 北寄貝, Hokkigai; Uilta: Sarukki), the Sakhalin surf clam, is a species of edible saltwater clam in the family Mactridae, the surf clams or trough clams. It is commonly referred to as surf clam or Arctic surf clam, though the latter can also refer to the closely related Mactromeris polynyma (Stimpson's surf clam).
The species is commercially exploited and widely used for sushi in Japan. The species is found in Tomakomai, Hokkaido, and numerous other areas.

## Nomenclature

In Japan, the technical name is ubagai ("old woman's clam"). However, in the Hokkaido region, it is called hokkigai ("northern clam"). In the Ainu language, it is called poksey or tutturep.

## Description

Arctic surf clams grow to around 10 cm, and can live up to 30 years in shallow waters.

## As food

Arctic surf clam is eaten in Japan, usually as sushi or sashimi. The foot of the clam is black when raw, but turns characteristically red when cooked. It can also be used in rice dishes like takikomi gohan. In the city of Tomakomai, where the most surf clams are caught in Japan, the clam is also made into a curry.
* Nigirizushi with surf clam (hokkigai)
* Rice with raw surf clam
* Rice with cooked surf clam
# Tütünköy, Kurtalan

Tütünköy (Kurdish: Titin) is a village in the Kurtalan District of Siirt Province in Turkey. The village had a population of 346 in 2021.
The hamlets of Aydıncık, Çay, Çukurlu, Kullaçentik, Tepecik and Yapılar are attached to the village.

## Notable people

* Rojda Aykoç
# Prince Ali Stadium

Prince Ali Stadium (Arabic: ملعب الأمير علي) is a multi-purpose stadium in Mafraq, Jordan. It is currently used mostly for football matches. The stadium holds 3,500 people.
# Cladonia lichexanthonica

Cladonia lichexanthonica is a species of saxicolous (rock-dwelling) squamulose lichen in the family Cladoniaceae. It is widely distributed in Brazil.

## Taxonomy

The species was formally described as new to science in 2018 by the lichenologists André Aptroot and Marcela Eugenia da Silva Cáceres. The type specimen was collected by the authors from the Morro do Pai Inácio (in Chapada Diamantina National Park) at an elevation between 1,050 and 1,140 m (3,440 and 3,740 ft); here the lichen was found growing on siliceous sandstone rock in a transitional forest.

## Description

The lichen has a squamulose (scaley) thallus measuring up to 10 cm (4 in) in diameter; this consists of a 5-millimetre (0.2 in) thick crust comprising individual crowded squamules, pale-olive green to olive brown, measuring 1–5 mm in size. The specific epithet lichexanthonica refers to the presence of lichexanthone, a secondary compound that was not previously known to occur in genus Cladonia.

## Distribution

Cladonia lichexanthonica was originally known to occur only at the type locality (part of the Chapada Diamantina mountains), and was only known from the type specimen. Since then, its known range has expanded considerably, having been recorded from the states of Minas Gerais, Paraná, Sergipe, and Rio de Janeiro.
# Mikhail Manevich

Mikhail Manevich (Russian: Михаил Владиславович Маневич, February 18, 1961 in Leningrad, Soviet Union – August 18, 1997 in Saint Petersburg, Russia) was a Russian economist and official of the Saint Petersburg City Administration.

## Life

Manevich graduated from Leningrad Institute of Finance and Economics in 1983 and worked with the institute as a research fellow during the 1980s. In 1992 in the wake of Russian privatization he was appointed Deputy Chairman of the Committee for City Property Management of Saint Petersburg and in 1993 was promoted to the position of its First Deputy Chairman. As the Chairman of the Committee, Sergey Belyaev, assumed the position of the Director of the Federal Bankruptcy Agency in Moscow in 1993, Manevich became acting Chairman. In March 1994 he was approved as the Chairman. In 1996, as Vladimir Yakovlev had been elected governor instead of Anatoly Sobchak, Manevich also became Vice Governor of Saint Petersburg for City Property Management. He has been involved in the development of privatisation legislation and state privatisation programmes, and housing and communal reform at the federal level.

## Death

Mikhail Manevich was wounded by a sniper on his way to office in the morning of August 18, 1997, while his car drove out from Rubinstein Street to Nevsky Prospekt in Saint Petersburg, and died in hospital shortly thereafter. Officially the assassination has not been solved, though Anatoly Chubais, a close friend of Manevich, claimed in 2006 that the people behind the assassination were serving their life terms. He apparently hinted at Yury Shutov.
# Bilaloğlu, Bingöl

Bilaloğlu (Kurdish: Mendo) is a village in the Bingöl District, Bingöl Province, Turkey. The village is populated by Kurds of the Xeylan tribe and had a population of 199 in 2021.
# Haq, Iran

Haq (Persian: هق) is a village in, and the capital of, Haq Rural District of Nalus District of Oshnavieh County, West Azerbaijan province, Iran.

## Demographics
### Population

At the time of the 2006 National Census, the village's population was 927 in 155 households. The following census in 2011 counted 963 people in 230 households. The 2016 census measured the population of the village as 1,017 people in 224 households.
# Tarlacık, Mazıdağı

Tarlacık (Kurdish: Hetvan) is a neighbourhood in the municipality and district of Mazıdağı, Mardin Province in Turkey. The village is populated by Kurds of the Barava and Surgucu tribes and had a population of 272 in 2021.
# Gazet Patursson

Olaf Gazet Patursson (July 6, 1879 – May 2, 1970) was a Faroese gardener and biologist.
Gazet Patursson was born in Kirkjubøur, the son of Poul Peder Pedersen (a.k.a. Páll Patursson), a holder of publicly owned land (Faroese: kongsbóndi), and Ellen Cathrine (née Djonesen). He was the youngest of the Patursson children, and his siblings Helena, Jóannes, Sverri, Sigert, and Petur were all prominent figures in Faroese society. Although overshadowed by some of his other siblings, Gazet established a reputation as a pioneer in horticulture in the Faroe Islands, specializing in botany and entomology. He established a number of Faroese plant name together with Rasmus Rasmussen. Although Patursson left much written material behind, most biographical accounts of him are based on the obituary that Niels Winther Poulsen wrote for him.
The Patursson siblings were home schooled by Joen Hans Jacob Petersen, the brother of Fríðrikur Petersen. After this, he attended high school in Tórshavn. He also studied together with his brother Jóannes Patursson at the agricultural college in Kirkjubøur, and later at Askov High School and the Royal Veterinary and Agricultural University in Denmark, but illness prevented him from completing his studies there. He also studied at the Stend Secondary School outside of Bergen and at the Grude botany school in Jæren, where he received his vocational training as a gardener. After returning to Kirkjubøur, soon after the First World War he was the first in the Faroe Islands to engage in horticulture as his primary activity.
In contrast to the rest of his siblings, who were all politically active in the Home Rule Party, Gazet Patursson openly sided with the Social Democratic Party and was a personal friend of the party's leader for many years, Peter Mohr Dam. However, Gazet Patursson was never politically active, neither in the party organization nor as an elected official.
# Kolukh-e Pain

Kolukh-e Pain (Persian: كلوخ پائين, also Romanized as Kolūkh-e Pā’īn; also known as Kolūkh and Kūlūkh) is a village in Jowshaqan-e Qali Rural District, Qamsar District, Kashan County, Isfahan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 37, in 14 families.
# Rohrbrunn

Rohrbrunn (Hungarian: Nádkút) is a village in Burgenland, Austria. It is part of the municipality of Deutsch Kaltenbrunn in the district of Jennersdorf. Rohrbrunn is located near the border of Styria by the river Lafnitz.

## History

Rohrbrunn was part of the Kingdom of Hungary until the Treaty of Trianon in 1920. It belonged to Vas county. The small village has been inhabited by ethnic Germans since its establishment in the Middle Ages. According to the Roman Catholic ecclesiastic administration Rohrbrunn always belonged to the nearby parish of Deutsch Kaltenbrunn.
"Nádkuth" was given to Ferenc Batthyány in 1524. The ownership of the noble Batthyány family lasted about 350 years. In 1605 the army of Stephen Bocskay destroyed almost the whole village.
In 1851 Elek Fényes recorded that Rohrbrunn was populated by 428 people (almost exclusively Roman Catholic Germans). There was a toll-house in the village due to its proximity to the border of Styria. The Batthyánys remained the main landowners. The peasants earned their livelihood from growing wheat, tobacco, hemp and fruits or making a small amount of wine.
Alois Brunner, one of the most infamous Austrian Nazi war criminals, was born in Nádkút in 1912. In World War I a total of 31 men perished.

## Name

In 18th and 19th century sources both the traditional German and Hungarian names of the village are mentioned. Rohrbrunn and Nádkút have the same meaning: "reed-well" which refers to the marshes of the Lafnitz valley. The German name was recorded in 1427 as Rohrprunn. The Hungarian name was recorded as Nádkuth in 1524. The German version became the sole official name of the village after 1920.

## Population

| Year | Population |
| 1802 | 357 |
| 1812 | 371 |
| 1856 | 452 |
| 1910 | 685 |
| 1930 | 750 |
| 2001 | 581 |

## Notable people from Rohrbrunn
### Born in Rohrbrunn

* Alois Brunner, Austrian Nazi war criminal (1912–2001)
47°07′N 16°06′E﻿ / ﻿47.117°N 16.100°E﻿ / 47.117; 16.100
# Tagan, Iran

Tagan (Persian: تگن) is a village in Dorungar Rural District, Now Khandan District, Dargaz County, Razavi Khorasan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 146, in 42 families.
# Dehnowiyeh, Zarand

Dehnowiyeh (Persian: دهنوئيه, also Romanized as Dehnow’īyeh; also known as Deh Now) is a village in Sarbanan Rural District, in the Central District of Zarand County, Kerman Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 84, in 21 families.
# Yuryatino

Yuryatino (Russian: Юрятино) is a rural locality (a village) in Kupriyanovskoye Rural Settlement, Gorokhovetsky District, Vladimir Oblast, Russia. The population was 5 as of 2010.

## Geography

Yuryatino is located on the Suvoroshch River, 16 km south of Gorokhovets (the district's administrative centre) by road. Sapunovo is the nearest rural locality.
# Mesturidae

Mesturidae is a family of pycnodont fishes.
# Naama Arad

Naama Arad (Hebrew: נעמה ערד) is an Israeli sculptor and installation artist born in 1985. She lives and works in Tel Aviv. Arad has had solo exhibitions both at Tel Aviv Museum of Art as well as Sommer Contemporary Art gallery in Tel Aviv, Israel. Arad gained her bachelor's degree in visual art from the Bezalel Academy of Art and Design in Jerusalem (2010), and a Masters from the School of the art Institute of Chicago (2014).

## Artistic practice

In her practice, Arad works to undermine structures of power and authority. Her installations are a result of an ongoing examination and interest in architectural environments and domestic objects. Using the language of the bureaucratic secretarial action, Arad converts architectural structures and foundations into everyday office materials. With an apparatus that is traditionally coded as feminine, she builds and then deconstructs images of masculine power.
Arad's conceptually artisanal and time consuming tasks are never immediately showing the amount of energy that the artist invested in their making; quite the opposite they are presented with a degree of nonchalance and carelessness that is deeply organic to Arad’s position as an artist. This contradictory position—the artist as laborious maker of objects empty of any functional, social or aesthetic value—becomes even more acute when the result carries a monumental and architectural tone; this is particularly visible in two cases: the first is a series of black lines through which the artist took control of the peculiar shape of the exhibition space hosting her solo show at the Tel Aviv Museum of Art in 2015; the second is EL AL (2012) in which a found image of a Roman arch is printed—scaled down to 355 x 291 cm—Xeroxed, shredded and finally exhibited hanging from the ceiling.

## Exhibits

In 2016 Arad's work was included as part of the exhibit, "Father Figures Are Hard to Find" at the New Society for Visual Arts. Arad's work was included in "Bodyscapes," an exhibit curated by Adina Kamien-Kazhdan at the Israel Museum through most of 2020.

## Education

* 2006–2010 Bezalel Academy of Art and Design Bachelor of Fine Arts, Jerusalem, Israel
* 2009 Akademie der Bildenden Künste Student Exchange Program, Vienna, Austria
* 2012–2014 School of the Art Institute of Chicago Master of Fine Art, Chicago, US

## Selected solo exhibitions

* 2018: Love Handles, Sommer Contemporary Art, Tel Aviv, Israeli
* 2017: Love Handles, Dortmunder Kunstverein, Dortmund, Germany
* 2017: Full Frontal, ACUD Gallery, Berlin, Germany
* 2016: Falling Water, Four A.M., New York, USA
* 2015: Table Mountain, Tel Aviv Museum of Art, Tel Aviv, Israeli
# Çayırlı, Midyat

Çayırlı (Kurdish: Kefnas) is a neighbourhood located in the municipality and district of Midyat, Mardin Province in Turkey. The village is populated by Kurds of the Botikan tribe and had a population of 254 as of 2021.
The village is Yazidi.
The settlement of Derebaşı (Koçan) is a hamlet of Çayırlı and is also populated by Kurds of the Botikan tribe who adhere to Yazidism.

## History

In March 1879, British officer Trotter visited the village and described the village as "a large village abandoned and in ruins, evidently quite recently deserted". The village was seemingly plundered and burned by the Ottomans and the villagers had fled to the mountains with their chief while others settled in Meziza.
In 2014, a Bundestag report stated that refugees from the village had difficulties returning to the village by paramilitary and Islamic-fundamentalistic groups.

## Location

Kefnas is located ca. 2 kilometres (1.2 mi) east of the Yazidi village Koçan and ca. 2 kilometres (1.2 mi) northeast of the Yazidi village Denwan.
# Rüzgarlı, Gercüş

Rüzgarlı (Kurdish: Baglatê) is a village in the Gercüş District of Batman Province in Turkey. The village is populated by Kurds of the Reman tribe and had a population of 168 in 2021.
# Sheder

Sheder (Somali: Sheed-dheer, Arabic: شيذير), also known as Sheed-dheer meaning Looked far or Shedher, is a town located in the northeastern Fafan Zone in the Somali region of Ethiopia near the border with Somaliland on the main trade route between Jijiga and the sea. It is one of the largest towns in the Awbare district.

## Demographics

The town and surrounding region is primarily inhabited by the Aadan Yoonis subclan of the Gadabuursi Dir clan. The Aadan Yoonis clan has five major descendants including:
* Hassan Aadan (Hassan Badhiile),
* Abiib Aadan,
* Abokor Aadan,
* Boqorweyne Aadan and
* Sayre Aadan.

## History

Sheder is an old town established in 1953. The Ethiopian Administration for Refugee and Returnee Affairs and the UNHCR together opened a new refugee camp at Awbare 13 July 2007. As of June 2012 13,553 individuals were resident at the camp, with a further 10,847 at the Sheder camp.

## Climate

The climate of Sheder is a subtropical highland climate (Köppen climate classification: Cwb). extremely wet and lush during rainy season, as with the rest of the Ethiopian highlands, Seasonal differences relate only to rainfall, as temperatures year round are cool to mild in the mornings and uniformly very warm though not hot during the afternoons. There are two rainy seasons: the main meher rains occur from July to September, and the short belg rains in April and May. The dry season, known as bega, is cooler by morning than the wet seasons due to lower cloud cover, but equally hot by afternoon though less humid.

## Ecology

The main economic source of the town is agriculture. For the land surveyed in this town and its surroundings, it is planted in cereals like teff, sorghum and maize, root crops, and vegetables. Permanent crops included lands planted in khat, and fruit trees. Farmers both raise crops and livestock, while some either grow crops or raise livestock.
There was extensive history of animal life in the past. For example, the area was earlier a habitat for the African wild dog, Lycaon pictus, although this canid is likely extirpated at present in the local area, due to an expanding human population. Also deer, horses, lions, cheetah, tigers, and many others currently almost non-existed due to increasing population residence were once up on a time inhabited the town and its surrounding serial of rocky mountains called in the local language "Weeranayaasha" meaning "The surrounded ones" due to their shape.
# The Good Boy

The Good Boy (Russian: Хороший мальчик, romanized: Khoroshiy malchik) is a 2016 Russian comedy film directed by Oksana Karas. The picture won the Grand Prix of the 27th Kinotavr. It was released on 10 November 2016.

## Plot

The film depicts six days from the life of ninth-grader Kolya Smirnov (Semyon Treskunov).
Kolya falls in love with his teacher (Ieva Andreevajte). Someone sets fire to the school's additional building which contained the new computers, the principal's daughter, high school student Ksyusha (Anastasia Bogatyryova), in turn falls in love with Kolya and is under the impression that Kolya was the one who set the school on fire.
Kolya's father Alexander (Konstantin Khabensky) makes the family transition to the 12/36 system – this means twelve hours for sleep and thirty-six hours for staying awake, which does not allow the protagonist to sleep or even to collect thoughts.

## Cast

* Semyon Treskunov – Kolya Smirnov
* Mikhail Yefremov – Vladimir Dronov
* Konstantin Khabensky – Alexander Smirnov
* Anastasia Bogatyryova – Ksysha Dronova
* Ieva Andreevajte – Alisa Denisovna
* Aleksandr Pal — Stanislav Ilyich

## Production

Semyon Treskunov auditioned for the film The Good Boy for the first time when he was 11, and this was the third casting in his life. At that time he was too young for this role. Because of problems with financing, the launching of the preparatory period was repeatedly postponed and by the time investors appeared Treskunov had grown to the age required by the scenario.