OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Commissioner of Police (Singapore)

The Commissioner of Police is the head of the Singapore Police Force (SPF). The Commissioner is assisted by the Deputy Commissioner of Police, and reports to the Minister for Home Affairs. The current Commissioner of Police is Hoong Wee Teck.
The position was created with the Police Act of 1856 (and passed in 1857), in response to calls for a full-time dedicated police officer to helm the police force in response to escalating cases of violent crime in Singapore during that period. Thomas Dunman was appointed as a Deputy Magistrate and Superintendent of Police in 1843, before he assumed responsibilities as the first full-time Commissioner of Police in June 1857.
When Singapore, Malacca and Penang became Crown colonies of the British Empire in 1867, the role of the police commissioner was expanded to include that of the entire Straits Settlements, with the title changed to Inspector-General of Police. This lasted until the Japanese occupation of Singapore in 1942, before the position was restored as the Commissioner of Police in 1946 with the return of the British and the gradual instatement of self-governance.
The President of Singapore has the power to appoint the Commissioner of Police on the advice of the Cabinet.

## List of commissioners of police
### Commissioner of the Singapore Police Force

| # | Commissioner of Police | Took office | Left office |
| 1 | R E Foulger | 1946 | 1951 |
| 2 | J P Pennefather-Evans | 1951 | 1952 |
| 3 | Nigel G Morris | 1952 | 1957 |
| 4 | Alan E G Blades | 1957 | 1964 |
| 5 | John Le Cain | 1964 | 1967 |
| 6 | Cheam Kim Seang | 1967 | 1972 |
| 7 | Tan Teck Khim | 1973 | 1981 |
| 8 | Goh Yong Hong | 1981 | 1992 |
| 9 | Tee Tua Ba | 1992 | 1997 |
| 10 | Khoo Boon Hui | 1997 | 2010 |
| 11 | Ng Joo Hee | 2010 | 2015 |
| 12 | Hoong Wee Teck | 2015 | Incumbent |

## List of inspectors-general of police
### Commissioner of the Straits Settlements Police

| # | Portrait | Commissioner of Police | Took office | Left office |
| 1 | | Thomas Dunman | 1857 | 1871 |

### Inspector-General of the Straits Settlements Police

| # | Inspector-General of Police | Took office | Left office |
| 1 | C B Plunket | 1871 | 1875 |
| 2 | Samuel Dunlop | 1875 | 1891 |
| 3 | R W Maxwell | 1891 | 1895 |
| 4 | E G Pennefather | 1895 | 1906 |
| 5 | William Andrew Cuscaden | 1906 | 1914 |
| 6 | A R Chancellor | 1914 | 1923 |
| 7 | G C Denham | 1923 | 1925 |
| 8 | Harold Fairburn | 1925 | 1935 |
| 9 | René H de S Onraet | 1935 | 1939 |
| 10 | Arthur Harold Dickinson | 1939 | 1942 |
# Cheshmeh Darreh, Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad

Cheshmeh Darreh (Persian: چشمه دره) is a village in Kuh Mareh Khami Rural District, in the Central District of Basht County, Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 59, in 11 families.
# Qaraylar, Iran

Qaraylar (Persian: قرايلر, also Romanized as Qarāylar and Qarailar; also known as Gharatlar and Gharaylar) is a village in Sardrud-e Sofla Rural District, Sardrud District, Razan County, Hamadan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 32, in 6 families.
# Sovqiyar Abdullayev

Sovqiyar Jamil oglu Abdullayev (Azerbaijani: Şövqiyar Abdullayev) (5 April 1969, Vardenis, Armenia SSR – 27 August 1992, Aghdara, Azerbaijan) was the military serviceman of Azerbaijan Armed Forces, and warrior during the First Nagorno-Karabakh War.

## Early life and education

Abdullayev was born on 5 April 1969 in Vardenis, Armenia SSR. In 1986, he completed his secondary education at Narimanli village secondary school and entered the Azerbaijan Technical University. He was drafted to the Soviet Armed Forces in 1987 while he was studying in the university and completed his service in Mongolia in 1989 and returned to Baku.

### Personal life

Abdullayev was single.

## First Nagorno-Karabakh War

When the First Nagorno-Karabakh war started, Abdullayev enlisted in Azerbaijan Armed Forces in 1992 and was appointed a commander of a tank brigade in Aghdam. His tank brigade chose the village of Abdal-Gulabli as a position for themselves and participated in battles around the villages of Papravend, Pirdgamal, Aranzami and others. On 23 August 1992 his tank brigade was mysteriously sent from the strategically significant height around Gulabli village to Aghdara in order to participate in the protection of the village of Drambon. Within a short time the resistance of the Armenian-Russian units in the village of Drambon was broken and the village was liberated. At the same time, a large number of besieged Azerbaijani soldiers were released. Abdullayev's tank was shot several times during the battles for Drambon village. He got wounded in both legs and was sent to the Aghdam military hospital. He refused to stay in the hospital and went back to the front-line. On 27 August 1992 he was killed in a heavy battle when he was trying to rescue his soldiers from being captured.

## Honors

Sovqiyar Jamil oglu Abdullayev was posthumously awarded the title of the "National Hero of Azerbaijan" by Presidential Decree No. 457 dated 5 February 1993.
He was buried at a Martyrs' Lane cemetery in Baku on 29 August 1992.
# Shawkat

Shawkat (variations include Shaukat, Shavkat, or Şevket; Arabic: شَوْكَت) is a masculine Arabic given name and surname. It derives from the word ("شَوْكة" which means "Might" or "Strength") and itself is derived from the word ("شَوْك" which means "Thorns"). Notable people with the name include:
* Alia Shawkat, American actress best known from her role in the television series Arrested Development
* Assef Shawkat, head of Syria's military intelligence
* Naji Shawkat, Iraqi politician and cabinet member who served as prime minister from November 3, 1932 to March 18, 1933
* Shawkat Ali (1918–1975), Bengali politician, leader of Bengali Language Movement
* Shawkat Ali, politician and deputy speaker of Bangladesh
* Shawkat Ali, novelist from Bangladesh
* Shawkat Osman, Bangladeshi novelist and short story writer
* Awn Shawkat Al-Khasawneh, Jordanian politician and judge, Prime Minister of Jordan from October 2011 to April 2012, vice-President of the International Court of Justice
* Shaukat Dukanwala, UAE cricketer
* Shaukat Aziz (born 1949), Prime Minister of Pakistan 2004–2007
* Shaukat Hameed Khan, Pakistani nuclear physicist and former director of Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission (PAEC)
* Syed Shaukat Hussain Rizvi, Indian director and producer
* Maulana Shaukat Ali, Indian Muslim nationalist
* Major General Shaukat Sultan, Pakistani former director general of Inter Services Public Relations (ISPR)
* Shaukat Hayat Khan (1915–1998), Punjabi politician, military officer, and Pakistan Movement activist
* Sardar Shaukat Hussein Khan Mazari, Pakistani politician
# Patrick Cruz (artist)

Patrick Cruz (born 1987) is a Filipino-Canadian artist and educator based in Toronto. His practice is influenced by the intersections of folk spirituality, diasporic aesthetics, cultural hybridity, decolonization and the role of play within clownhood.

## Early life and education

Cruz was born in Quezon City, Philippines in 1987. He studied painting at the University of the Philippines Diliman in 2005. In 2010, he received a Bachelor of Fine Arts from Emily Carr University of Art + Design and received his Master of Fine Arts at the University of Guelph in 2016. He also holds a certificate in Pochinko clowning.

## Career

Cruz has exhibited his work both nationally and internationally at venues such as the Or Gallery Berlin (2012), The Art Center of Chulangkorn (2014), Centre for Contemporary Asian Art (2016), Project Pangée (2016), Art Gallery of Alberta (2017), Gasworks (2017), Plug In Institute of Contemporary Art (2017), the 1st Manila Biennale (2018), Vargas Museum (2018), 3331 Arts Chiyoda (2019), Contemporary Art Gallery (2019), Oakville Galleries (2018), Obrera Centro (2019), Whose Museum (2019), Gallery TPW (2020), Vancouver Art Gallery (2021), Cultural Center of The Philippines (2022), and the Susan Hobbs Gallery (2017 and 2023).
Cruz won the 17th RBC Canadian Painting Competition in 2015. He was also long-listed for the Sobey Art Award in 2019. In 2021, he received the Thirteen Artists Award from the Cultural Center of the Philippines.
Cruz is an assistant professor in Studio Art at the University of Toronto's Scarborough and Daniels campuses and is a co-founder of the curatorial collective Kamias Special Projects which hosts and organizes the Kamias Triennial.
# Dire Dawa City Administration

The Dire Dawa City Administration (Amharic: የድሬዳዋ ከተማ አስተዳደር) is a municipal government of Dire Dawa city, an autonomous city in eastern Ethiopia. It is typically administered by a mayor whereas the lowest administrative unit is woreda. The woreda administrator is the highest representative of the executive power on one hand and on the other, by an elected council.
The administration was formed as current federal structure with Proclamation No. 416/2004 in 2004.

## Administration
### Local authorities/administration

The Dire Dawa City Administration is governed by a mayor. Like Addis Ababa, Dire Dawa's lowest administrative level is woreda, which is run by woreda administrator. The administrator is representative of the executive power on one hand and on the other, by an elected council.

### Civil status and documentation

The Civil Status Documentation is managed by the desk for vital events (birth, marriage, death) registration in the woreda of residence. A birth certification and registration takes place here. When identity card concerned, the same desk provides residence identity cards. The two documents are necessary steps to obtain national passport issued by the Immigration Nationality and Vital Events Agency in Dire Dawa branch. The passport costs 600 ETB, while the identity card costs approximately 50 ETB.

### Judicial system

In Dire Dawa, the judicial system composed of First Instance Court, Highest Court and Supreme Court. Sharia law also used to impose arbitrary despite imposing Sharia retained to personal and civil cases.

### Law enforcement

Dire Dawa's law enforcement the primarily task of the Eastern Command Post of the Ethiopian National Defense Force. Residents can report to local police which is the first respondent to resolve security issues.
# Rhön Club

Rhön Club (Rhönklub e.V.) :
| Club dates |||
| Founded | 1876 | 1876 |
| Address/ Contact | Peterstor 7 36037 Fulda | Peterstor 7 36037 Fulda |
| President | vacant | vacant |
| Members | 25,000 (2010) | 25,000 (2010) |
| Internet |||
| Home page | www.rhoenklub.de | www.rhoenklub.de |
The Rhön Club (German: Rhönklub) is an inter-state local history and rambling club in Bavaria, Hesse and Thuringia, with around 25,000 members in 88 branches and is one of the larger German rambling clubs in the Association of German Alpine and Rambling Clubs (Verband Deutscher Gebirgs- und Wandervereine).

## Aims

The club was founded on 6 August 1876 in Gersfeld with the aim of opening up the Rhön Mountains as a hiking and rambling area. Its aim today is the conservation of the valuable natural and cultural countryside of the Rhön from a number of ecological viewpoints, especially:
* the preservation of rare plants
* the care of native animals and the general protection of wildlife
* the conservation of valuable cultural sites
* the fostering of local customs
* the preservation of local folk songs
* the knowledgeable speaking of the dialect
* the care of old cultural objects

## Presidents

| From | To | Name |
| 1876 | 1904 | Justus Schneider (doctor) |
| 1904 | 1913 | Karl Wegener (architect) |
| 1913 | 1939 | Hugo Pfeiffer (king's counsel) |
| 1939 | 1961 | Oswald Milker |
| 1961 | 1976 | Josef Hans Sauer |
| 1976 | 1989 | Alfons Lühn |
| 1989 | 2011 | Regina Rinke |
| 2011 | 2013 | Ewald Klüber (engineer, 1948–2014) |
| since 24 June 2013 | | Vacant |

## Literature

* Rhönklub (publ.): Schneiders Rhönführer. Offizieller Führer des Rhönklubs. Verlag Parzeller, 2005, Fulda, ISBN 3-79000-365-4, pp. 96 ff.
* Rhönwacht (the Club magazine) (2006, Issue 2, April to Juni)
# Pokrovka, Bayevsky District, Altai Krai

Pokrovka (Russian: Покровка) is a rural locality (a selo) in Bayevsky District, Altai Krai, Russia. The population was 226 as of 2013. There are 3 streets.

## Geography

Pokrovka is located near the Kulunda River 29 km southwest of Bayevo (the district's administrative centre) by road. Rybnye Borki is the nearest rural locality.
# Audi Type M

The Audi Type M was a large car first presented at the Berlin Motor Show in 1923 and produced by Audi between 1924 and 1927.
The vehicle had a six-cylinder in-line engine with 4,655 cc of displacement. The engine incorporated several innovative features including overhead valves. It developed a maximum of 70 PS (51 kW; 69 hp) at 3,000 rpm. Power was transmitted to the rear wheels through a four-speed transmission. The engine had an eight-bearing crankshaft, forced lubrication with oil cooler and a thermostat-controlled water cooling. The car had two leaf-sprung solid axles and four wheel hydraulic brakes. It was the first Audi with four-wheel brakes.
The Type M's first presentation, at the 1923 Motor Show, was accompanied by a press release which boasted that "Audi is one of those German automakers that believes doing the job properly is more important than price" („Die Audi-Werke zählen zu jenen deutschen Automobilfabriken, welche die Preisfrage hinter die konstruktive Aufgabe zurückstellen“). This approach may have helped to win the car more admirers, but paying customers were harder to find. The Type M came with a manufacturer's recommended retail price of 22,300 Marks for a large six-light "Pullman-Limousine" bodied vehicle. The car was expensive and reportedly brought Audi very close to bankruptcy. 228 were produced, plus two prototypes.

## Specifications

| Production | 1925-1928 |
| Engine | 6 Cylinder, 4 Stroke |
| Bore x Stroke | 90 mm (3.5 in) x 122 mm (4.8 in) |
| Capacity | 4655 cc |
| Power | 70 PS (51 kW; 69 hp) |
| Top Speed | 120 km/h (75 mph) |
| Empty Weight | 2,500 kg (5,512 lb) (Chassis) |
| Electrical | 12 Volt |
| Wheelbase | 3,750 mm (147.6 in) |
| Track Front/Rear | 1,450 mm (57.1 in) / 1,450 mm (57.1 in) |

## Sources

* Oswald, Werner: Deutsche Autos 1920-1945, Motorbuch Verlag Stuttgart, 10. Auflage (1996), ISBN 3-87943-519-7
* Oswald, Werner (2001). Deutsche Autos 1920-1945, Band (vol) 2 (in German). Motorbuch Verlag. ISBN 3-613-02170-6.
* ↑ Oswald, pp 41 - 42 & 43
* ↑ Oswald, p 45
* ↑ Oswald, p 41
# Abramtsevo

Abramtsevo (Russian: Абрамцево) is the name of several rural localities in Russia:
* Abramtsevo (selo), Dmitrovsky District, Moscow Oblast, a selo in Sinkovskoye Rural Settlement of Dmitrovsky District in Moscow Oblast; 56°24′N 37°14′E﻿ / ﻿56.400°N 37.233°E﻿ / 56.400; 37.233
* Abramtsevo (village), Dmitrovsky District, Moscow Oblast, a village in Sinkovskoye Rural Settlement of Dmitrovsky District in Moscow Oblast; 56°25′N 37°11′E﻿ / ﻿56.417°N 37.183°E﻿ / 56.417; 37.183
* Abramtsevo, Sergiyevo-Posadsky District, Moscow Oblast, a selo under the administrative jurisdiction of the Town of Khotkovo in Sergiyevo-Posadsky District of Moscow Oblast; 56°14′N 37°59′E﻿ / ﻿56.233°N 37.983°E﻿ / 56.233; 37.983
* Abramtsevo, Vologda Oblast, a village in Spassky Selsoviet of Vologodsky District in Vologda Oblast
# Pieter Brattinga

Pieter Dirk Brattinga (January 31, 1931, Hilversum – July 8, 2004, Barneveld) was a Dutch graphic designer.
From 1951 until 1974, he was director of design at Steendrukkerij De Jong & Co in Hilversum.
Between 1960 and 1964, he was professor and chairman at the visual communications faculty at the Pratt Institute in Brooklyn, New York.
He and Dick Dooijes wrote the book 'History of the Dutch Poster 1890–1960' (1968)

## Prizes

1998 - Grafische Cultuurprijs
# Gomionica Monastery

The Gomionica Monastery (Serbian: Манастир Гомионица, romanized: Manastir Gomionica) is a Serbian Orthodox monastery dedicated to the Presentation of Mary and located at the village of Kmećani, 42 kilometres west of Banja Luka, Republika Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina. The monastery is the spiritual centre of the region known as Zmijanje.
It was founded before 1536, though the exact date of its foundation is unknown. It was referred to as Zalužje in 16th-century sources, while its current name comes from a nearby river. In the second half of the 16th century, the abbot of the monastery was credited by the Ottomans for the peaceful attitude of the population of a wide area around Gomionica.
The monastery may have been abandoned, at least partially, at the end of the 17th century (after the Great Turkish War), and during the 1730s. The church was refurbished several times during the 18th and 19th centuries. Writer Petar Kočić attended the elementary school organised at the monastery. It was badly damaged during World War II, and its abbot, Serafim Štrkić, was murdered in 1941 by the Nazi-affiliated Croatian Ustaše.
After the war, Gomionica became a female monastery. In 1953, it was designated as a cultural monument of Yugoslavia, and in 2006, it was proclaimed a National Monument of Bosnia and Herzegovina. The treasury of Gomionica contains icons created in the 16th to 19th centuries, as well as manuscripts and printed books created in the 14th to 17th centuries. The monastery once owned a woodcarved cross is a silver-gilt made in 1640, which was later in the private collection of Thomas Gambier Parry and is now at the Courtauld Institute of Art.
The Gomionica Monastery was designated by KONS as a National Monument of Bosnia and Herzegovina on 20 January 2006.
# Alleyras

Alleyras (French pronunciation:; Occitan: Alairàs) is a commune in the Haute-Loire department in south-central France.
# The Smell of Quinces

The Smell of Quinces (Serbian: Miris dunja) is a 1982 Yugoslav drama film directed by Mirza Idrizović. It was entered into the 13th Moscow International Film Festival. The film was also selected as the Yugoslav entry for the Best Foreign Language Film at the 55th Academy Awards, but was not accepted as a nominee.

## Cast

* Mustafa Nadarević as Mustafa
* Ljiljana Blagojević as Luna
* Irfan Mensur as Ibrahim
* Izet Hajdarhodžić as Hamdibeg
* Nada Djurevska as Azra
* Semka Sokolović-Bertok as Esma
* Boro Stjepanović as Alkalaj
* Špela Rozin as Marija
* Branko Đurić as Lt. Storm
* Zijah Sokolović as Huso Mujagin
# Shaveh, Hamadan

Shaveh (Persian: شاوه, also Romanized as Shāveh and Shāvah; also known as Shāhābād) is a village in Sabzdasht Rural District, in the Central District of Kabudarahang County, Hamadan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 923, in 242 families.
# Richard Verney, 13th Baron Willoughby de Broke

Richard Verney, 13th Baron Willoughby de Broke and de jure 21st Baron Latimer (1693 – 11 August 1752) was an English peer.
Richard Verney was born in 1693, the fourth but second surviving son of George Verney, 12th Baron Willoughby de Broke (1659–1728), and Margaret Heath, daughter of Sir Thomas Heath at the Verney family seat at Compton Verney House in Warwickshire.
He matriculated at New College, Oxford.
He inherited the title Baron Willoughby de Broke and Baron Latimer on the death of his father in 1728, his elder brother Thomas having died of smallpox in 1710. Two other elder brothers died young.
He married Penelope, daughter of Clifton Packe of Prestwold Hall, Leicestershire (died 1730). He married secondly Elizabeth Williams, daughter of Nathaniel Williams.
His only son died in infancy. Upon his death, on 11 August 1752, the title passed to his nephew John Peyto-Verney, who was the son of his younger brother Sir John Verney.
# For Reasons Unknown

"For Reasons Unknown" is a song by American rock band The Killers and was written by lead vocalist Brandon Flowers. It is the fifth track on their second studio album Sam's Town, released in October 2006. The song was released as the fourth single from the album in the United Kingdom on June 25, 2007, and also the fourth and final North American single.
It is one of the few songs by the band where Flowers plays bass guitar, with bassist Mark Stoermer playing guitar on the track.

## Background

The B-sides are a cover of Dire Straits' "Romeo and Juliet" and an acoustic version of "Sam's Town" both recorded live at Abbey Road Studios for the Channel 4 show Live from Abbey Road, and later featured on their compilation album Sawdust. "For Reasons Unknown" also appeared on their 2013 compilation album Direct Hits. Similarly to Sam's Town, the cover art features a Desert bighorn sheep, the state mammal of Nevada, where the Killers are from.

## Reception
### Critical

The song received positive reviews from music critics. Billboard said of the track, "this synth-free rocker opens with ominous multitrack vocals and grinding fuzz guitars and builds to a huge pop chorus as Flowers dances on the edge of a relentlessly pumped groove."

## Music video

The video was premiered in the UK on May 18, 2007 and was shown on the International Music Feed and MTV Two as well as various other UK music channels. The video was shot in black-and-white, and has already premiered on MuchMusic in Canada. The video premiered on Australian music channels on August 3, 2007 (2007-08-03).

## Chart performance

It became one of their lowest charting singles in the UK to date, peaking at #53 on July 1, 2007, spending only one week in the UK Top 75. This song was #78 on MTV Asia's list of the Top 100 Hits of 2007. Singer Brandon Flowers has stated that they did not "promote" the single like previous ones, stating four singles for the album was too much, and said he wished they hadn't released Bones as a single.

## Track listing

UK CD:
* "For Reasons Unknown" – 3:31
* "Romeo and Juliet" (Live at Abbey Road Studios) – 5:25
UK 7":
* "For Reasons Unknown" – 3:31
* "Sam's Town" (Live at Abbey Road Studios) – 3:45

## Charts

| Chart (2007) | Peak position |
| UK Singles Chart | 53 |
| Venezuela Pop Rock (Record Report) | 1 |

## Certifications

| Region | Certification | Certified units/sales |
| United Kingdom (BPI) | Silver | 200,000$^‡$ |
| $^‡$ Sales+streaming figures based on certification alone. |||
# Eberhard Schrader

Eberhard Schrader (7 January 1836 – 4 July 1908) was a German orientalist primarily known for his achievements in Assyriology.

## Biography

He was born at Braunschweig, and educated at Göttingen under Ewald. In 1858 he won a university prize for a treatise on the Ethiopian languages, and in 1863 became professor of theology at the University of Zürich. Subsequently, he occupied chairs at Giessen (1870) and Jena (1873), and finally became professor of Oriental languages at the Friedrich Wilhelm University, Berlin in 1878. Though he turned first to biblical research, his chief achievements were in the field of Assyriology, in which he was a pioneer in Germany and acquired an international reputation. He died in Berlin and he was buried at the Stahnsdorf South-Western Cemetery.

## Works

His publications include:
* Studien zur Kritik und Erklärung der biblischen Urgeschichte (1863).
* Wilhelm Martin Leberecht de Wette's Einleitung in das Alte Testament, 8th edition (1869).
* Die assyrisch-babylonischen keilinschriften (1872).
* Die keilinschriften und das Alte Testament (1872; 3rd edition by Heinrich Zimmern and Hugo Winckler, 1901–02).
* Keilinschriften und Geschichtsforschung (1878). online
* Die Höllenfahrt der Istar (text, trans., notes, 1874).
* Die Namen der Meere in den assyrischen Inschriften, Berlin 1878 (online)
* Zur Frage nach dem Ursprung der altbabylonischen Kultur (1884).
* Keilinschriftliche Bibliothek, in conjunction with scholars Ludwig Abel, Carl Bezold, Peter Christian Albrecht Jensen, Felix Ernst Peiser and Hugo Winckler (1889).