OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Hans Peter Bimler

Hans Peter Bimler (10 December 1916 – 28 June 2003) was a German orthodontist who was known for developing the Bimler appliance. He also developed the first Roentgenphotogramm in 1939. Hans also developed the elastic bite former during World War II.

## Life

He was born to Walter Bimler who was a dentist in Silesia, Germany. Hans enrolled himself in the medical faculty in Breslau, Germany in 1935. Then in 1939, he went to Vienna, Austria to study under Artur Martin Schwarz. Two years later, due to WWII, Hans returned to Germany to work with his father. He was also part of German military. He was once captured by the British army and later released as a prisoner of the war. After his release, he specialized in otolaryngology and worked in Hamburg for Schuchardt. Hans developed the Roentgenphotogramm in 1939 and presented his findings to European Orthodontic Society in 1939 in Wiesbaden, Germany. This roentgenphotogramm showed a picture where skull, teeth, soft tissue, x-ray and a photograph was superimposed on each other. After WWII, Hans and his family moved to the West. Bimler eventually developed the Bimler Cephalometric Analysis.
As a surgeon during WWII, he treated a patient who lost part of his mandible, and Hans ended up using an appliance which allowed the rest of the mandible to be inserted into the appliance. This eventually lead to the development of the Bimler Appliance.
In 1953, he married his wife Erika. They had a daughter named Barbara Bimler who is also an Orthodontist. He died on 28 June 2003.

## Bimler Appliance

Hans worked with the Activator appliance in his father's office. He did not like the rigidity and the bulkiness of this appliance. Therefore, slowly Hans started testing out a new type of appliance where he slowly replaced acrylic with wire made of stainless steel. His appliance came to known as the "Elastic Oral Adaptor" or the "Bimler Appliance".
# Andrea Molesini

Andrea Molesini (born 28 December 1954) is an Italian novelist.
Born in Venice, Molesini started his career as a translator and an author of stories for children and fables.
Also active as a poet and an essayist, his debut novel Not All Bastards Are from Vienna (Italian: Non tutti i bastardi sono di Vienna), earned him the Campiello Prize in 2010. He teaches comparative literature at the University of Padua.
# Sandro Foda

Sandro Foda (born 28 December 1989) is a German former professional footballer who played as a midfielder.

## Career

Foda was born in Mainz, Germany. He played for Sturm Graz and TSV Hartberg.

## Personal life

Foda is of Italian descent through his paternal grandfather. His father is former player Franco Foda. He has worked as a youth coach at SV Wildon.
# Morad Chal

Morad Chal (Persian: مرادچال, also Romanized as Morād Chāl) is a village in Kuhestan Rural District, Kelardasht District, Chalus County, Mazandaran Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 105, in 30 families.
# Bhabkhali Union

Bhabkhali Union (Bengali: ভাবখালী ইউনিয়ন) is a union parishad in Mymensingh Sadar Upazila of Mymensingh District, in Mymensingh Division, Bangladesh. It has an area of 7771 acres.

## Demographics

As of the 2001 census, the union had a population of 43,467.
# Kartika Rane

Kartika Rane is an Indian actress. She studied sociology at Sophia College, Mumbai and since then entered into modelling and tele-advertising. She appeared in B. R. Chopra's comedy countdown show, Ek Se Badkar Ek. She was cast in the 1996 Hindi film Yash and later appeared in television roles in 2001 such as Kangan and Hum Pardesi Ho Gaye.

## Personal life

Rane is a native of Goa. Her uncle is Pratapsingh Rane, the ex-Chief Minister of Goa.

## Filmography

* 1996 - Yash
* 2004 - Saatchya Aat Gharat
* 2008 - Hulla

### Serials

* 2001 - Hum Pardesi Ho Gaye as Mallika
* 2001 - Kangan
* Janam
* 1999 - Didi Ka Dulha
* 1999 - Captain Vyom as Maya/Chaya
* 2000 - Gubare
* 2000 - Nyaay
* Janam
* 1996 - Ek Se Badh Kar Ek as Antara
* The Great Maratha as Mahadji Scindia's wife
* Rishtey- Highway (Episodic Role)
* Mahabharat Katha as Satyabhama
* 1990 - Aurat (TV series)
* Aankhi ek Kahani - Sahyadri Marathi
* 1999:Suspense Hour (1999 TV Series)
* 1995:Mano Ya Na Mano (1995 TV series)
# Wickham A Bluebird

The Wickham A Bluebird is an all-metal four passenger homebuilt aircraft designed by Boeing engineer Jim Wickham.

## Design

The Bluebird is an all-metal four place strut-braced high-wing aircraft with conventional landing gear. The wings feature full-span flaperons.

## Operational history

The prototype Wickham A was the first of six designs by Wickham, and first flight was after seven years of construction starting in 1948. The first flight was from Boeing field in Seattle, Washington.

## Specifications (Wickham A Bluebird)

Data from General Aviation News
General characteristics
* Crew: 2
* Capacity: 4-5
* Wingspan: 33 ft (10 m)
* Gross weight: 2,000 lb (907 kg)
* Propellers: 2-bladed
Performance
* Cruise speed: 100 kn (120 mph, 190 km/h)
# Lawrence Martin (journalist)

Lawrence Martin (born 26 July 1947 in Edinburgh, Scotland) is a Canadian journalist and the author of ten books on politics and sport. Raised in Hamilton, Ontario, he received a Bachelor of Arts in political science McMaster University in 1969 and a Master of Public Administration from Harvard University in 1982.
Martin first reported for The Hamilton Spectator. At The Globe and Mail, he began as a sports reporter in 1974, served as Washington Correspondent for The Globe and Mail from 1978 to 1981, and served as the newspaper's bureau chief in Washington, D.C., Montreal, and Moscow, where he opened The Globe and Mail's first bureau in 1985 and reported on the Gorbachev years in power. He has been a columnist at The Globe and Mail since 2002. From 2017 to 2020, he was based in Washington, covering the Trump administration.
Martin was a national affairs columnist for Southam News from 1998 to 2001.

## Awards and nominations

* Lifetime Leadership Achievement Award – McMaster University
* Alumni Gallery Award – McMaster University (1993)
* Queen Elizabeth II Golden Jubilee Medal (2002)
* Shaughnessy Cohen Prize for Political Writing (nominated) (2010)
* National Newspaper Award – Columns (finalist) (2017)
# Johann Nepomuk Locherer

Johann Nepomuk Locherer (August 21, 1773 – February 26, 1837) was a German Catholic theologian born in Freiburg im Breisgau.
From 1790 he studied theology in Freiburg, and furthered his education at the seminary in Meersburg. In 1798 he received his ordination in Breisach, and subsequently served in parishes in Rottenburg am Neckar (from 1799) and Endingen (from 1805). At Endingen he strove for educational reforms. In 1830 he became a professor to the Catholic theological faculty at the University of Giessen.
Locherer is remembered for publication of a major work on church history called Geschichte der christlichen Religion und Kirche. It contained nine volumes and was published from 1824 to 1836. He was also the author of textbooks on Christian church archaeology (Lehrbuch der christlich-kirchlichen Archäologie, 1832) and patristics (Lehrbuch der Patrologie, für akademische Vorlesungen bestimmt, 1837).
# Archie B. Brusse

Archie B. Brusse (1888–1959) was an American orthodontist who is known to be one of the founders of the Rocky Mountain Society of Orthodontists in 1921. He was also one of the founders of the Denver Summer Meeting for the Advanced Study of Orthodontics. Brusse also founded the Rocky Mountain Orthodontics Company.

## Life

He was one of the six sons of John and Jessie Elliott Brusse. Archie went to high school in Denver, Colorado, and attended Denver University Dental School in 1912. After obtaining his dental degree, he practiced dentistry for many years. He then started working under Dr. Albert H. Ketcham, who also practiced in Denver. Archie married Dana Martin in 1918. In 1921, he helped establish the Rocky Mountain Society of Orthodontists in 1921. In 1941, he became the president of the organization also. He was also one of the founders of the Denver Summer Meeting for the Advanced Study of Orthodontics.

## Awards and positions

* American Association of Orthodontists – President (1946)
* Denver Summer Meeting for the Advanced Study of Orthodontics – Founder
* Rocky Mountain Society of Orthodontists – Founder
# Yezin

Yezin is a university village located beside the Yangon-Mandalay Road. The village of Yezin (Burmese: ရေဇင်း), 12 miles far from north-east of Pyinmana, Burma, has been the site of national scientific research institutions since the late 1970s, when the Forest Research Institute (FRI) was established. Soon after the FRI was established, other institutions followed the suit and the place became an academic hub for Forestry, Agriculture and Veterinary. It is located within Naypyidaw Municipal area. Because of the universities and research institutes, the village is famous as the university village. Yezin became a well known academic center long before Nay Pyi Taw was established and became the capital in 2005. Yezin has a dam and it is called Yezin dam. People around Pyinmana used to visit to the dam.
Although it is a small village, there are three universities in Yezin:
* Yezin Agricultural University (YAU)
* University of Forestry
* Yezin University of Veterinary Science
There are two research institutes:
* Department of Agricultural Research (DAR)
* Forest Research Institute (FRI)
In addition to these research institutions, the Southeast Asia Biodiversity Research Institute (SEABRI) was unveiled in 2016 within the FRI campus. It is a joint initiative between the Chinese Academy of Sciences and Forest Research Institute. It is a regional research institution with its research works focusing on flora and fauna, both aquatic and terrestrial, in the region. Up to date, SEABRI has discovered some new flora and fauna species in Myanmar.
# Halqeh Sara

Halqeh Sara (Persian: حلقه سرا, also Romanized as Ḩalqeh Sarā; also known as Ḩalqeh Sar and Khalgeser) is a village in Rud Pish Rural District, in the Central District of Fuman County, Gilan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 139, in 39 families.
# Tarsi Kola

Tarsi Kola (Persian: طارسيكلا, also Romanized as Ţārsī Kolā, Ţarsī Kalā, and Ţarsī Kolā) is a village in Balatajan Rural District, in the Central District of Qaem Shahr County, Mazandaran Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 226, in 54 families.
# Slava (singer)

Anastasia Vladimirovna Slanevskaya (Russian: Анастаси́я Влади́мировна Слане́вская; born 15 May 1980), known professionally as Slava (Russian: Сла́ва), is a Russian actress known for her work in Russian cinema and theater. She has appeared in various films and theatrical productions, showcasing her talent and versatility as an actress.

## Early life

Slanevskaya struggled in school due to dyslexia.

## Career

In the spring of 2002, Slanevskaya sang at a karaoke club after work. Television director Sergei Kalvarsky, who's known for his work with Alla Pugacheva and Philip Kirkorov waited until she finished singing. Then offered her a collaboration. Creative producer Oleg Chelishev also took part in this collaboration.
In 2005, the singer tried to take part in the Eurovision Song Contest with the song "I Wanna Be the One".
She was invited to play the lead female role in a full-length motion picture Paragraph 78, based on the sci-fi story of Ivan Okhlobystin. Slanevskaya plays the role of Lisa, a female fighter on a special-purpose team and the only woman in the unit of 8 professionals who are on a dangerous mission in a top-secret missile base.
In the Summer of 2007, Slanevskaya recorded a debut English album with the working title «Eclipse» in London, working with British artist Craig David. In November 2008, she released “Never Too Late”, a joint track with Craig David.

## Personal life

On May 12, 2011, at her concert in Blagoveshchensk, Slanevskaya announced that she was pregnant with her second child.
On November 25, 2022, Slava's eldest daughter, Alexandra, got married, and in January 2023 it became known that she was expecting her first child.

## Discography
### Albums

* 2004: Попутчица
* 2006: Классный
* 2007: The Best
* 2013: Одиночество
* 2015: Откровенно
* 2019: Крик души
# 2008 in Polish television

This is a list of Polish television related events from 2002.

## Events

* 6 April - Jarek Jakimowicz is voted winner of Big Brother VIP.
* 25 May - Pensjonat pod Różą actress Magdalena Walach and her partner Cezary Olszewski win the seventh series of Taniec z Gwiazdami.
* 1 June - Janusz Strączek wins the sixth and final series of Big Brother.
* 29 November - Male acrobatics duo Melkart Ball win the first series of Mam talent!.
* 30 November - Klan actress Agata Kulesza and her partner Stefano Terrazzino win the eighth series of Taniec z Gwiazdami.
* 5 December - Martyna Melosik wins the first series of Fabryka Gwiazd.

## Debuts

* 13 September - Mam talent! (2008–present)

## Television shows
### 1990s

* Klan (1997–present)

### 2000s

* M jak miłość (2000–present)
* Na Wspólnej (2003–present)
* Pierwsza miłość (2004–present)
* Dzień Dobry TVN (2005–present)
* Taniec z gwiazdami (2005-2011, 2014–present)

## Ending this year

* Big Brother (2001-2002, 2007-2008)

## Networks and services
### Launches

| Network | Type | Launch date |
| TVS | Cable television | Unknown |
| History | Cable television | 9 April |
| Polsat News | Cable television | 7 June |
| Nickelodeon | Cable television | 10 July |
| TVP HD | Cable television | 6 August |
| Orange Sport | Cable television | 8 August |
| FilmBox Family | Cable television | 5 September |
| Canal+ Domo | Cable television | 20 September |
| Canal+ Sport 5 | Cable television | 3 October |
| Polsat Play | Cable television | 6 October |

### Conversions and rebrandings

| Old network name | New network name | Type | Conversion Date | Notes | Source |
| [] | | Cable and satellite | | | |

### Closures

| Network | Type | End date | Notes | Sources |
| TVN Gra | Cable television | 1 June | | |
| TVN Med | Cable and satellite | 31 December | | |
# Ministry of Ceremonies (China)

The Ministry of Ceremonies (Chinese: 太常寺; pinyin: Tàicháng sì) was one of the nine ministries of the Chinese Han dynasty. The Minister of Ceremonies (Chinese: 太常; pinyin: Tàicháng), also known as Grand Master of Ceremonies, was the chief official in charge of religious rites, rituals, prayers, and the maintenance of ancestral temples and altars. The role's title was changed to Upholder of Ceremonies (Chinese: 奉常; pinyin: Fèngcháng) from 195 to 144 BC before reverting to the original title. Although his main concern was to link the emperor with the supernatural world and Heaven, he was also given the task of setting educational standards for the Imperial University (est. 124 BC) and the academic chairs (Chinese: 博士; pinyin: bóshì) who specialized in the Five Classics, the canon of Confucianism.
One of the Minister of Ceremonies' many subordinates was the Court Astronomer (Chinese: 太史令; pinyin: Tàishǐ lìng; also known as the Prefect Grand Astrologer), who made astronomical observations and drafted the annual lunisolar calendar. The Court Astronomer also upheld a literacy test of 9,000 characters for nominees aspiring to become subordinate officials for either the Minister Steward or Palace Assistant Imperial Clerk. These nominees were often recommended subordinates of commandery-level Administrators. Other subordinates of the Minister of Ceremonies reported illegal acts at ancestral temples, prepared sacrificial offerings of food and wine at shrines and temples, and arranged for the music and dancing that accompanied ceremonies.
This would be the precursor to the Ministry of Rites during the Sui and Tang dynasties, and the State Administration for Religious Affairs in present-day China.
# Gowd-e Gol-e Bibi Hakimeh

Gowd-e Gol-e Bibi Hakimeh (Persian: گودگل بي بي حكميه, also Romanized as Gowd-e Gol-e Bībī Ḩakīmeh; also known as Gowd-e Gol, Gowd-e Kol Bībī Ḩakīmeh, and Gowd Gol) is a village in Bibi Hakimeh Rural District, in the Central District of Gachsaran County, Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 39, in 9 families.
# Meurig

Meurig is a Welsh name of Brittonic origin and may refer to:
* Meurig ap Tewdrig (fl. before 470, the son of Tewdrig (St. Tewdrig), and a king of the early Welsh kingdoms of Gwent and Glywysing
* Meurig ap Idnerth, king of Buellt, a Welsh kingdom from c. 510 to 545
* Meurig (bishop) (died 1161), Welsh cleric, Bishop of Bangor from 1139 to 1161
* Meurig Dafydd (c. 1510–95), Welsh bard
* Meurig Bowen (born 1965), artistic director of the Cheltenham Music Festival
* Meurig Prysor, the bardic name of priest and university educator Maurice Jones
# Valery Shumakov

Valery Ivanovich Shumakov (Russian: Валерий Иванович Шумаков; 9 November 1931 – 27 January 2008) was a Russian surgeon and transplantologist, famous for being the founding father of organ transplants in Russia and was a pioneer of artificial organ surgery.

## Career

Shumakov began his medical career by researching blood flow during congenital heart disorder operations.
He was the founding father of organ transplants in Russia, creating the Medical Research Institute of Transplantation and Artificial Organs, which he headed for more than 30 years (since 1974). He was the first doctor in Russia to successfully transplant a liver, a heart and a thyroid. Valery Shumakov has written more than 20 books and 450 scientific publications.
Shumakov was recognized by both the Soviet and Russian governments for his achievements in medicine. Member of the Russian Academy of Sciences and the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, he also won the international gold medal Outstanding World Surgeon.
In 2002, Valery Shumakov received the Russian state's highest distinction, the Order of Saint Andrew. Speaking in the ceremony, Vladimir Putin described Shumakov as "a surprising personality, a scientist whose name known to the world and an uncommonly talented surgeon."

## Honours and awards

* Hero of Socialist Labour (26 December 1990) - for outstanding contributions to the development of Soviet transplantation and its application in practice, fruitful scientific and social activities
* Order of Saint Andrew (3 November 2001) - for outstanding achievement in the field of health and medical science
* Order of Merit for the Fatherland;
** 2nd class (12 April 1999) - for outstanding contribution to the national transplant establishment and implementation of artificial organs in clinical practice, fruitful scientific and social activity'
** 3rd class (20 March 1995) - for outstanding achievements in health and medical science, advances in transplantation and artificial organs
* Order of Lenin (1990)
* Medal "In Commemoration of the 850th Anniversary of Moscow" (1997)
* Honoured Inventor of the RSFSR (1978)
* USSR State Prize (1971)
* Laureate of the Russian Federation in Science and Technology (1997)
* Honoured Citizen of Moscow (1997)
# MIDlet

A MIDlet is an application that uses the Mobile Information Device Profile (MIDP) of the Connected Limited Device Configuration (CLDC) for the Java ME environment. Typical applications include games running on mobile devices such as smartphones with J2ME support and feature phones which have small graphical displays, simple numeric keypad interfaces and limited network access over HTTP.
The .jad file describing a MIDlet suite is used to deploy the applications in one of two ways. Over the air (OTA) deployment involves uploading the .jad and .jar files to a Web server which is accessible by the device over HTTP. The user downloads the .jad file and installs the MIDlets they require. Local deployment requires that the MIDlet files be transferred to the device over a non-network connection (such as through Bluetooth or IrDa, and may involve device-specific software). Phones that support microSD cards can sometimes install .jar or .jad files that have been transferred to the memory card.

## Platforms

Mainly MIDlet applications and games developed for Series 40, Series 60, Nokia Asha and Sony Ericsson Java Platform.

## Emulation

MIDlet can run using MicroEmulator app on any desktop PC with JavaSE and on Maemo. On Android devices via the J2ME Loader (MicroEmulator fork) application.
Other J2ME emulators also could be used with or without some limitations.

## Restrictions

Unlike a Java applet, a MIDlet is limited to use of the LCDUI rather than the more familiar widgets of AWT and Swing. There are also restrictions on the size of .jar files and the number of concurrent HTTP connections based on the MIDP specification.
# Rico Kühne

Rico Kühne (born 19 February 1982, in Dresden) is a German former footballer. Kuhne was a midfielder and played for FV Dresden-Nord, Dynamo Dresden, Rot-Weiss Erfurt and SC Borea Dresden.
# No Remorse

No Remorse may refer to:

## Music

* No Remorse (band), a British neo-Nazi rock band formed in 1986
* No Remorse Records, a German heavy metal record label
* No Remorse (Motörhead album), 1984
* No Remorse (Tokyo Blade album), 1989
* "No Remorse", a song by Metallica from Kill 'Em All, 1983
* "No Remorse (I Wanna Die)", a song by Slayer and Atari Teenage Riot from the Spawn soundtrack album, 1997

## Other uses

* Crusader: No Remorse, the 1995 first title in the Crusader action video game series
* Jesse Stone: No Remorse, a 2010 American television mystery film
# Where I Am (film)

Where I Am (French: Là où je suis) is a Canadian drama film, directed by Myriam Magassouba and released in 2012. The film stars Virginie Léger as Mimi, a young woman in the Abitibi-Témiscamingue region of Quebec who is struggling to accept the death of her best friend in a car accident.
The cast also includes Marie Brassard as Mimi's mother.
The film won the Prix Jutra for Best Short Film at the 15th Jutra Awards in 2013.
# Railway Workers Union (Iraq)

The Railway Workers Union (Arabic: نقابة السكك الحديدية) was a trade union of railway employees in Iraq. The union was dominated by communists, and was suppressed by the government in 1945.

## Foundation

In August 1944, diplomatic relations were established between Iraq and the Soviet Union. The government issued a permit for the railway workers to form a union of their own on September 7, 1944. The founding conference of the union was held in November 1944. Some 10,000 workers took part in the event. Ali Shukr, a Central Committee member of the Iraqi Communist Party, was elected chairman of the Railway Workers Union.

## April 1945 strike

Between April 15 and 30, 1945 the railway workers organized a major strike. The strike erupted in Baghdad, but spread to other cities. The Railway Workers Union had demanded a 30 to 40% salary increase, a demand that was rejected by the British-managed Railways Directorate.
The strike was met with heavy-handed repression from the authorities. Seeking to quash the strike, the Interior Ministry and the Railways Directorate threatened to replace Iraqi workers with Indian labourers and cut the water supply to the workers' living quarters in Baghdad. These moves prompted solidarity actions and the spread to the strike to Samawah on April 16, Basra on April 18 and Mosul on April 19. The members of the strike committee were arrested. The Railway Workers Union was banned. However, the strike continued. In the end the Railway Directorate agreed to a 20-30% salary hike.

## Aftermath of the 1945 strike

Unrest amongst the railway workers would continue for another 3 years, with more strikes. The 1945 railway workers strike also inspired other groups, such as port and oil workers, to launch strike actions.
# Oreonagor

Oreonagor is an extinct genus of bovid that lived in North Africa during the Pliocene. It is known from a single species, O. tournoueri.

## Distribution

Oreonagor tournoueri remains have been found at the Piacenzian site of Ain Boucherit in Algeria.