OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Grand Huntsman of France

The Grand Huntsman of France (French: Grand Veneur de France) was a position in the King's Household in France during the Ancien Régime. The position, which is sometimes grouped with the Great Officers of the Crown of France, was one of the "Great Offices of the Maison du Roi", and was equivalent to that of the "Grand Master of the Hunt" in certain European royal households.

## History

The Grand Veneur was responsible for the royal hunt. The title was created in 1413 by Charles VI at roughly the same time as those of Grand Falconer of France and the "Capitaine du vautrait". The Grand Veneur took care of the king's hunting dogs (roughly 100 hounds) for the stag hunt. Under Charles VIII, he oversaw nine squires (écuyers), nine huntsmen (veneurs), two aides, six valets for the hounds (valets de limiers) and one dog handler for the foxhounds. The service gained even greater prestige under Francis I and Henry II, and the position reached a high point under Henry IV; in 1596, 182 persons were employed by the royal hunt, which included lieutenants, sous-lieutenants, gentlemen, valets for the hounds, mounted and unmounted valets for the dogs, and finally a surgeon and an apothecary.
The Grand Veneur was the most important of all the royal offices dealing with the hunt. In the 16th century, the house of Guise held the position five times. In the 17th century, the family Rohan-Montbazon held it three times. At the beginning of the 18th century, the position was given by Louis XIV to Louis-Alexandre de Bourbon, Comte de Toulouse, one of his legitimized children, who, in turn, passed it on to his son Louis Jean Marie de Bourbon, duc de Penthièvre.
From the 16th century, the holder of the position received an annual salary of 1200 livres, which was a relatively small sum within the royal household. The Grand Veneur also received additional revenues (up to 10,000 livres). According to Saint-Simon, in 1714, the new Duke de La Rochefoucauld sold, for a sum of 500,000 livres. his office of Grand Veneur, which he had just inherited upon the death of his father.
Up to a point, the Grand Veneur de France position is comparable to the one of Master of the Buckhounds in the English monarchy.

### Etymology

The word French "veneur" (huntsman), derives from the Middle French word "vener" (to hunt), (itself from the Latin venor, verb meaning to hunt), from which also was derived the archaic English words "venerer" (hunter) and "venery" (the hunt).
# Yuanmoupithecus

Yuanmoupithecus is an extinct genus of gibbons that lived 8.2 to 7.1 million years ago during the late Miocene. As of 2022, it is the oldest gibbon known. The fossils, mainly of teeth, were discovered from Yuanmou, Yunnan Province, China. The type species is Y. xiaoyuan, described by Yuerong Pan in 2006.

## Discovery

Yuanmoupithecus fossils were discovered from the Late Miocene Xiaohe Formation in the Yuanmou Basin, Yunnan Province in southwest China. The first specimens were the first right molar and the second left molar found during an excavation between 1986 and 1990 at Fangbeiliangzi, a low hill near Xiaohe village, by a joint expedition of the Yunnan Provincial Museum, Chuxiong Prefectural Museum and the Yuanmou Man Museum. Five more teeth fragments were recovered in 1999 from Leilao village. In 2006, Yuerong Pan at the Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, gave the formal description and the scientific name. Several additional teeth were collected from the surrounding areas between 2006 and 2022, including the lower face of a juvenile individual and a second left molar, which became the holotype specimen. Most of the teeth were worn and incomplete and the identity of the primate could not be resolved. However, two complete teeth collected at Leilao in 2006 gave a clear picture of the fossils. Presenting the analysis of the two teeth at the American Association of Physical Anthropologists, Terry Harrison of New York University confirmed that the specimens are closely related to modern gibbons, remarking the species as "an early gibbon ancestor" in 2008. The species became one of the well-established Miocene primates, as Bruce Grant, colleague of Harrison, explained:
   Perhaps the most exciting finding (reported in this years AAPA meetings [in 2008]) was the discovery that Yuanmoupithecus represents the earliest known fossil gibbon. I have been hunting for ancestral gibbons all of my professional life, debunking most of the purported candidates, so I'm especially excited about these discoveries.
After additional collections of seven complete teeth and an upper jaw, detailed description and evolutionary implications were published in the Journal of Human Evolution in 2022.

## Description and importance

The gibbon family separated from the apes around 17 to 22 million years ago. Miocene primates between 14 and 21 million years old have been known from Africa, so that gibbons are presumed to originate in Africa. However, there is a large gap of fossil record around 10 million years old that would link the gibbon family tree from those of African species to other parts of the world. The oldest gibbon fossils are about 2 million years old that are found in Asia. At around 8.2 to 7.1 million years old, Yuanmoupithecus fits well the large gap of the missing fossil lines, and is considered to be an important intermediate species between monkeys and great apes.
According to estimates, Yuanmoupithecus is about the size of modern gibbons, weighing around 16 kg.
# Municipality of Slovenska Bistrica

The Municipality of Slovenska Bistrica (pronounced ; Slovene: Občina Slovenska Bistrica) is a municipality in the traditional region of Styria in northeastern Slovenia. The seat of the municipality is the town of Slovenska Bistrica. Slovenska Bistrica became a municipality in 1994.

## Settlements

In addition to the municipal seat of Slovenska Bistrica, the municipality also includes the following settlements:
* Bojtina
* Brezje pri Slovenski Bistrici
* Bukovec
* Cezlak
* Cigonca
* Črešnjevec
* Devina
* Dolgi Vrh
* Drumlažno
* Farovec
* Fošt
* Frajhajm
* Gabernik
* Gaj
* Gladomes
* Hošnica
* Ješovec
* Jurišna Vas
* Kalše
* Kebelj
* Klopce
* Kočno ob Ložnici
* Kočno pri Polskavi
* Korplje
* Kostanjevec
* Kot na Pohorju
* Kovača Vas
* Križni Vrh
* Laporje
* Leskovec
* Levič
* Lokanja Vas
* Lukanja
* Malo Tinje
* Modrič
* Nadgrad
* Nova Gora nad Slovensko Bistrico
* Ogljenšak
* Ošelj
* Planina pod Šumikom
* Podgrad na Pohorju
* Pokoše
* Pragersko
* Preloge
* Prepuž
* Pretrež
* Radkovec
* Razgor pri Žabljeku
* Rep
* Ritoznoj
* Sele pri Polskavi
* Šentovec
* Sevec
* Šmartno na Pohorju
* Smrečno
* Spodnja Ložnica
* Spodnja Nova Vas
* Spodnja Polskava
* Spodnje Prebukovje
* Stari Log
* Tinjska Gora
* Trnovec pri Slovenski Bistrici
* Turiška Vas na Pohorju
* Urh
* Veliko Tinje
* Videž
* Vinarje
* Visole
* Vrhloga
* Vrhole pri Laporju
* Vrhole pri Slovenskih Konjicah
* Žabljek
* Zgornja Bistrica
* Zgornja Brežnica
* Zgornja Ložnica
* Zgornja Nova Vas
* Zgornja Polskava
* Zgornje Prebukovje
# Muhsin ibn Husayn

Muḥsin ibn Ḥusayn ibn Ḥasan ibn Abī Numayy (Arabic: محسن بن حسين بن حسن بن أبي نمي) was Emir of Mecca and ruler of the Hejaz in partnership with Idris ibn Hasan from 1603 to 1624, then independently from 1624 to 1628.
Muhsin was born in Jumada I 984 AH (August/September 1576). He was raised by his uncle Abu Talib ibn Hasan.
After the death of Sharif Abu Talib in Jumada II 1012 AH (November 1603), the ashraf of Mecca elected Idris ibn Hasan as Emir, with his brother Fuhayd and nephew Muhsin as co-Emirs. Fuhayd and Muhsin were included in the du'a alongside Idris, and were together allotted a quarter of the Emirate's income. Sultan Ahmed I confirmed the appointment of the three sharifs, and sent a decree that was read out in the Masjid al-Haram on Wednesday, 11 Safar 1013 AH (7 July 1604).
In late Rabi II 1019 AH (July 1610), Idris and Muhsin deposed Fuhayd.
On Thursday, 4 Muharram 1034 AH (16 October 1624) the ashraf deposed Idris and proclaimed Muhsin as sole Emir of Mecca. He received an official decree from Sultan Murad IV in Ramadan (June 1625).
In mid-Ramadan 1037 AH (May 1628) Muhsin surrendered the Emirate to Ahmad ibn Abd al-Muttalib, then departed to Yemen. He died near Sanaa on 6 Ramadan 1038 AH (29 April 1629). He was buried in Sanaa, and a qubba was built over his grave.
# Assamese rô

In the Assamese alphabet, rô (Assamese: ৰ /ɹɔ/) is the twenty-seventh consonant, or in other terms, twenty-seventh letter of the byônzônbôrnômala (ব্যঞ্জনবৰ্ণমালা).

## When vowels are added

Rô has an inherent vowel in it, which is ô, as in most other Assamese consonants. But, many a times, ô is to be replaced by another vowel or swôrôbôrnô. In such a case, the vowels change their forms.
As examples:
* ৰ + আ = ৰা
* ৰ + ই = ৰি
* ৰ + ঈ = ৰী
* ৰ + উ = ৰু
* ৰ + ঊ = ৰূ
* ৰ + ঋ = ৰৃ
* ৰ + এ = ৰে
* ৰ + ঐ = ৰৈ
* ৰ + ও = ৰো
* ৰ + ঔ = ৰৌ

## Words starting with ৰ

Given below are examples of words starting with ৰ.
* ৰং (/ɹɔŋ/) which means color
* ৰঙা (/ɹɔŋa/) which means red
* ৰজা (/ɹɔza/) which means king

## When added to other consonants
### Reph (ৰেফ)

When ৰ is added before another consonant to form a conjunct, ৰ turns into reph. In other words, reph indicates that there is a r sound before the letter it is used before.
For example:
* ৰ + ক = ৰ্ক
* ৰ + খ = ৰ্খ
* ৰ + ঘ = ৰ্ঘ
* ৰ + ছ = ৰ্ছ
* ৰ + জ = ৰ্জ
* ৰ + প = ৰ্প
* ৰ + ম = ৰ্ম
* ৰ + য = ৰ্য etc.
Examples of words are আৰ্জন (arzon, which means 'gain'), কৰ্তা (korta, which means 'doer') etc.

### Rô-kar (ৰ-কাৰ)

When ৰ is added after another consonant, ৰ changes into rô-kar. In other words, rô-kar after a consonant means that there is a rô sound after it.
For example:
* ব + ৰ = ব্ৰ
* প + ৰ = প্ৰ
* স + ৰ = স্ৰ
* ল + ৰ = ল্ৰ
* শ + ৰ = শ্ৰ etc.
Some consonants change their shape when rô-kar is added.
For example:
* ক + ৰ = ক্ৰ
* ভ + ৰ = ভ্ৰ
* ত + ৰ = ত্ৰ
# Diana Ibrahim

Diana Ibrahim (Arabic: ديانا إبراهيم) is a Lebanese actress.

## Filmography
### Dubbing roles

* La intrusa - Virginia Martínez Roldán de Junquera / Vanessa Martínez Roldán de Islas
* La mujer de Judas - Chichita Agüero del Toro
* Prophet Joseph - Zuleika
# Manambina

Manambina is a town and commune (Malagasy: kaominina) in Madagascar. It belongs to the district of Miandrivazo, which is a part of Menabe Region. The population of the commune was estimated to be approximately 7,000 in 2001 commune census.
Only primary schooling is available. The majority 65% of the population of the commune are farmers, while an additional 20% receives their livelihood from raising livestock. The most important crop is rice, while other important products are maize and sweet potatoes. Services provide employment for 5% of the population. Additionally fishing employs 10% of the population.

## Roads

This municipality is crossed by the National road 34
# Dodda Thimmaiah

Dodda Thimmaiah was an Indian politician. He was elected to the lower House of the Indian Parliament, the Lok Sabha, from the Kolar as a member of the Indian National Congress.

## Early life and background

Dodda Thimmaiah was born on 16 April 1920 in Hosapalaya of Tumkur District. Shri Thimmaiah was his father.
Dodda Thimmaiah completed his education in B.A., and B.L. from Government Central High School, Government Intermediate College, Bangalore, Maharaja's College, Mysore and Government Law College, Bangalore.

## Personal life

Thimmaiah married Govindamma in 1952. The couple has 1 son and 1 daughter.

## Political career

In 1942, Dodda Thimmaiah started working as a Congress party worker and started actively participating in the 1942 Movement. He was imprisoned and suspended from education for 2 years in B.A. Class. Later in 1947, He was again imprisoned for actively participating in the struggle for responsible Govt in Mysore.
After Independence of India Thimmaiah represented kolar in Lok Sabha (the Lower House of the Indian Parliament) for 2 times from (1952 to 1957) and (1957 to 1962).

## Position held

| # | From | To | Position |
| 1. | | | President of State Literary Association |
| 2. | 1946 | | Secretary of Maharaja's College Union |
| 3. | 1948 | | Secretary of Law College Union |
| 4. | | | Member of the Food Council Development Committee Member of Working Committee - Mysore State Adijambava Sangh, Bangalore Member of District Rural Development Committee, Shimoga Member of District Food Council, Shimoga President of Harijanabhivridhi Sangh, Shimoga |
| 5. | 1952 | 1957 | MP (1st term) in 1st Lok Sabha from Kolar |
| 6. | 1957 | 1962 | MP (2nd term) in 2nd Lok Sabha from Kolar Parliamentary Secretary attached to the Minister of Mines and Fuel |
| 7. | 1962 | 1967 | Member of Mysore Legislative Assembly from Gulur |
# Romeo Lahoud

Romeo Raphael Lahoud (Arabic: روميو روفايل لحود; 22 January 1931 – 22 November 2022) was a Lebanese theatre director, composer, and author.

## Biography

After studying at the Saint Joseph School, Lahoud began his career in 1955 as an impresario, in which he brought stars such as Louis Armstrong, Sacha Distel, and the Grand Ballet de Monte Carlo [fr] to Lebanon. As a writer, set designer, producer, and director, he played a part in over 30 musicals which featured prominent figures in Lebanese theatre, such as Sabah and Salwa Al Katrib.
Lahoud studied theatrical directing in Las Vegas and scenography at La Scala in Milan under professor Carlo Montecamozzo. He founded five theatres: Le Phoenicia, Le Martinez, L’Élysée, Le Romeo Lahoud, and L'Athénée. He also founded a folkloric troupe in Libya in 1967. He was the first Arab and Lebanese artist to perform at the Olympia in Paris and the Palais Royal des Beaux Arts in Brussels.
Romeo Lahoud died on 22 November 2022, at the age of 91.

## Works

* Al Shallal (1963)
* Mawal (1965)
* Mijana (1966)
* Ataba (1967)
* Les nuits libanaises (1967)
* La Citadelle (1968)
* Faramane (1970)
* Mahrajane (1971)
* Phenicie 80 (1971)
* Awassef (1971)
* Mine jaouz mine (1972)
* Singof Singof (1974)
* W Harab Chahine (1975)
* Bint el Jabal (1977)
* Amira Zmorrod (1978)
* Ismak bi Albi (1978)
* Oxygene (1979)
* Yasmine (1980)
* Namroud (1981)
* Superstar (1981)
* Hikayat Amal (1983)
* Al Helm el Telett (1985)
* Layali Zamane (1995)
* Tariq El chams (2014)
* Caricature (2016)
# Allum Veerabhadrappa

Allam Veerabhadrappa is a leader of the Indian National Congress in Karnataka. He is a former president of the Karnataka Pradesh Congress Committee.
On 10 June 2016, he was elected to the Karnataka Legislative Council. He secured 33 votes of Indian National Congress MLAs. He is a four-time MLA from Kurogod (Bellary) and was a minister in SM Krishna's cabinet.
He was minister for water resources, environment, agriculture, and ecology. He is a close associate of SM Krishna, former chief minister. He is a mine owner from Bellary. He played a key role in G. Janardhana Reddy's case.
# Moradluy-e Vosta

Moradluy-e Vosta (Persian: مرادلوي وسطي, also Romanized as Morādlūy-e Vosţá; also known as Morādlū-ye Vosţá) is a village in Zangebar Rural District, in the Central District of Poldasht County, West Azerbaijan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 173, in 34 families.
# Yazıbaşı, Adıyaman

Yazıbaşı (Kurdish: Azikan) is a village in the Adıyaman District, Adıyaman Province, Turkey. The village is populated by Kurds of the Reşwan tribe and had a population of 445 in 2021.
The hamlets of Ağaçlı and Okçul are attached to the village.
# Kardelen, Hozat

Kardelen (Kurdish: Tawuge) is a village in the Hozat District, Tunceli Province, Turkey. The village is populated by Kurds of the Karabal tribe and had a population of 85 in 2021.
The hamlet of Aşağı Tavuklar is attached to the village.
# Dave Szott

David Andrew Szott (born December 12, 1967) is an American former professional football guard for 14 seasons in the National Football League (NFL).
Szott was selected by the Kansas City Chiefs in the seventh round of the 1990 NFL draft. Szott played in the NFL for the Chiefs, Washington Redskins, and New York Jets, before retiring from football in February 2004. He remained with the Jets as an offensive line coach and in player development. Szott became the team's chaplain in 2006.
Szott played college football at Penn State for legendary football coach Joe Paterno.
Szott grew up in Clifton, New Jersey, and was a standout player at Clifton High School in New Jersey. He was also a standout high school wrestler in New Jersey placing fourth in the heavyweight division of the 1986 USA Wrestling Junior Freestyle Tournament. Szott was undefeated until the round robin portion where he was pinned by eventual champion John Matyiko of Virginia. Szott then was pinned by Carl Presley of Illinois in the semi-finals and settled for fourth place while losing by fall to Jon Morris of Virginia.

## Personal life

His older brother is Kevin Szott,a Paralympic judoka, former goalball player, shot put thrower and a winner of five Paralympic Games medals. Szott and his wife, Andrea, have two children, the older, Shane, suffers from cerebral palsy. He is a tireless fundraiser for charitable causes related to the disorder. Josh, the youngest is 20 years old and plays wide receiver for Colgate University.
# 1961 in Romania

Events from the year 1961 in Romania. The year saw the creation of the title of President of the State Council for the de facto head of state. The first office holder was Gheorghe Gheorghiu-Dej, who was already General Secretary of the Romanian Communist Party.

## Incumbents

* President of the Provisional Presidium of the Republic: Ion Gheorghe Maurer (until 21 March).
* President of the State Council: Gheorghe Gheorghiu-Dej (from 21 March).
* Prime Minister:
** Chivu Stoica (until 21 March),
** Ion Gheorghe Maurer (after 21 March).
* General Secretary of the Romanian Communist Party: Gheorghe Gheorghiu-Dej.

## Events

* 27 February – The border between Romania and the Soviet Union is agreed, including passing Snake Island to the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic.
* 5 March – Parliamentary elections are held, with a single candidates from the People's Democratic Front per constituency.
* 21 March – The State Council of Romania is created and the first election for the President of the State Council, the de facto head of state, is held in the Great National Assembly with a single candidate, Gheorghe Gheorghiu-Dej, who is duly elected.
* 13 September – Romania signs the New York Convention on arbitration awards.

## Art and literature

* Thirst (Romanian: Setea), directed by Mircea Drăgan and Mihai Iacob, premiers in Romania and wins silver at the 2nd Moscow International Film Festival.

## Births

* 3 January – Carmen Tănase, film, TV and theatre actor.
* 4 June – Alexandru Zaharescu, mathematician.
* 16 June – Petru Iosub, rower, gold medal winner at the 1984 Summer Olympics.
* 22 June – Rovana Plumb, politician and president of the Social Democratic Party between 2014 and 2015.
* 10 September – Dimitrie Popescu, rower, silver medal winner at the 1984 and 1988 Summer Olympics and gold medal winner at the 1992 games.
* 15 September – Carmen Bunaciu, swimmer, gold medal winner at the 1984 Summer Olympics.
* 12 November – Nadia Comăneci, Romanian retired gymnast and a five-time Olympic gold medalist.

## Deaths

* 3 January – Nicolae Hortolomei, surgeon and medical scientist (born 1885).
* 8 March – Gala Galaction, theologian and writer (born 1879).
* 9 April – Alexandru Kirițescu, playwright and journalist (born 1888).
* 6 May – Lucian Blaga, philosopher, poet, and playwright (born 1895).
* 4 June – Alice Voinescu, writer and essayist, first Romanian woman to become a Doctor of Philosophy (born 1885).
* 11 August – Dan Barbilian, known under the pen name Ion Barbu, mathematician and poet (born 1895).
* 18 September – Ilarion Felea, priest and theologian, who died at Aiud Prison (born 1903).
* 19 September – Lucia Sturdza-Bulandra, theatre actor and director (born 1873).
* 21 September – Claudia Millian, poet (born 1887).
* 19 October – Mihail Sadoveanu, novelist and political figure (born 1880).
# Trimeresurus malcolmi

Trimeresurus malcolmi is a venomous pitviper species found in East Malaysia. Common names include: Malcolm's pitviper, Malcolm's tree viper, and Mt. Kinabalu pit viper.

## Etymology

The specific name, malcolmi, is in honor of British herpetologist Malcolm Arthur Smith.

## Description

Scalation includes 19 rows of dorsal scales at midbody, 163-174 ventral scales, 64-81/61-64 subcaudal scales in males/females, and 8-9 supralabial scales. It can also wiggle it's tail back and forth when threatened.

## Common names

Malcolm's pitviper, Malcolm's tree viper, Mt. Kinabalu pit viper, Malcolm's pit viper.

## Geographic range

Found in East Malaysia at 1,000-1,600 m elevation (3,280-5,250 feet). The type locality given is "Sungii River, near Bundutuan, Mount Kinabalu, British North Borneo Sabah, at an altitude circa 3,000 feet [914 m]".
# Sexual Health Resource Centre

The Sexual Health Resource Centre (SHRC) is a non-profit information and referral service that addresses sex, sexuality, and sexual health. It serves the community of Kingston, Ontario, Canada, and is located in the John Deutsch University Centre of Queen’s University. It is operated by volunteers year round who respond to inquiries by phone or in person. It is funded by student fees from the Alma Mater Society and Society of Graduate and Professional Students at Queen’s University.

## History

Dr. Jim Whitley, a math professor and assistant to the Principal, helped spearhead a student project in 1971 called the Birth Control and Abortion Information and Referral Centre, which was also staffed by full-time coordinators. One of the initial goals of the Centre was to provide information on “birth control, abortion, infertility, vasectomies and veneral disease, and medical referrals.”
By 1974, its expanding mandate led to a name change to the Birth Control, VD & Abortion Referral Centre. The Centre moved to the Grey House at 51 Bader Lane in 1975 and established a lending library. The name was again changed to the shorter “Birth Control Centre” in 1983. The Centre began selling sexual health products at cost with the introduction of spermicidal foam and condom wallets in the late 1980s. This selection expanded by 1991 to include spermicidal jelly and sponges.
In 1995, the Centre was again renamed as the “(Not Just the) Birth Control Centre” in recognition of its growing mandate, which was again promptly changed to the Sexual Health Resource Centre, which it remains today. In 2004, theSHRC began receiving direct funding from Queen’s University undergraduate students through the establishment of a mandatory $0.85 CAD fee per student. The fee withstood a challenge that it discriminated against students on the basis of religion that same year.

## Services

The SHRC is an educational resource to the community it serves. It has its own lending library, separate from the Queen’s University library, and has a diverse selection of pamphlets. SHRC volunteers have also offered educational teach-in sessions for audiences ranging from elementary school to university students and other community groups since 1984. Teach-ins cover a range of topics from healthy relationships, contraception, sexually transmitted infections, and sex toys.

## Products

The SHRC also sells an assortment of sexual health and pleasure products at cost. The Centre began selling products in 1987, beginning with spermicidal foam. Contraceptive and protective methods currently sold include a variety of condoms, dental dams, and reality condoms (aka female condoms). The SHRC has also sold sex toys at cost since 2001, such as dildos, masturbatory sleeves, vibrators, and bondage play items.
The SHRC also regularly collaborates with community groups in Kingston with a similar mandate, such as HIV/AIDS Regional Services, ReelOut Queer Film Festival, and Sexual Assault Centre Kingston.
# Tatar, Kovancılar

Tatar or Tatarköy (Kurdish: Teteran) is a village in the Kovancılar District of Elazığ Province in Turkey. The village is populated by Kurds of the Izol tribe and had a population of 17 in 2021.