OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Sheriff of Exeter

The Sheriff of Exeter was an official of Exeter, Devon, and as sheriff was responsible for keeping the King's peace (pax regis) within the city. The position was granted when Henry VIII conferred county status on the city in 1537, and the position continued until abolished in 1974 by the Courts Act 1971 and Local Government Act 1972. During the existence of the position, 436 Sheriffs served.

## History

The right to a sheriff was conferred along with county status to Exeter in 1537 by Henry VIII, previously having fallen under the Sheriff of Devon.

## Duties

The sheriff was responsible for law enforcement, including the policing of the city, arranging for court assizes sessions to be held, and to attend the hanging of condemned prisoners.
Following the passage of the Courts Act 1971, the judicial functions of the office were removed, making the position purely ceremonial, but this was short lived with the Local Government Act 1972 removing the ceremonial role as well.

## Notable sheriffs

A number of people were also either Mayor of Exeter or Member of Parliament for Exeter having held the position of sheriff.
Notable sheriffs include (with year of election as Sheriff in brackets):
* Sir Walter de Sweynthill (1330-1332)
* John Tuckfield (1547) - mayor
* Edward Bridgeman (1563)
* Nicholas Hilliard (1568)
* John Peryam (1582) - mayor and MP
* George Smith (1583) - mayor and MP
* Ignatius Jordain (1611) - mayor and MP
* Thomas Blackall (1862)
* Robert Pople (1890) - mayor
* Rowland Glave Saunders (1935) - mayor
* John Geoffrey Rowe Orchard (1937) - mayor
# Ksenia Gaydarzhi

Ksenia Sergeyevna Gaydarzhi (Russian: Ксения Сергеевна Гайдаржи; born 8 February 1995 in Moscow) is a Russian tennis player.
Gaydarzhi has won two singles titles on the ITF tour in her career. On 21 September 2015, she reached her best singles ranking of world number 483. On 16 November 2015, she peaked at world number 796 in the doubles rankings.
Gaydarzhi made her WTA tour main draw debut at the 2014 Baku Cup. Having been awarded a wild card, she played Serbian qualifier Vesna Dolonc in the first round, losing in straight sets.

## ITF finals (2–3)
### Singles (2–1)

* Legend
* $100,000 tournaments
* $75,000 tournaments
* $50,000 tournaments
* $25,000 tournaments
* $15,000 tournaments
* $10,000 tournaments
* Finals by surface
* Hard (2–1)
* Clay (0–0)
* Grass (0–0)
* Carpet (0–0)
| Outcome | No. | Date | Tournament | Surface | Opponent | Score |
| Runner-up | 1. | 4 May 2015 | Mytilene, Greece | Hard | Julia Stamatova | 6–7$^{(4–7)}$, 6–1, 6–7$^{(4–7)}$ |
| Winner | 1. | 13 July 2015 | Sharm el-Sheikh, Egypt | Hard | Julia Jones | 7–5, 3–6, 6–2 |
| Winner | 2. | 7 September 2015 | Antalya, Turkey | Hard | Fanny Östlund | 7–6$^{(7–3)}$, 6–1 |

### Doubles (0–2)

* Legend
* $100,000 tournaments
* $75,000 tournaments
* $50,000 tournaments
* $25,000 tournaments
* $15,000 tournaments
* $10,000 tournaments
* Finals by surface
* Hard (0–2)
* Clay (0–0)
* Grass (0–0)
* Carpet (0–0)
| Outcome | No. | Date | Tournament | Surface | Partner | Opponents | Score |
| Runner-up | 1. | 6 April 2015 | Antalya, Turkey | Hard | Sara Tomic | Alona Fomina Chantal Škamlová | 2–6, 1–6 |
| Runner-up | 2. | 26 October 2015 | Stockholm, Sweden | Hard (i) | Anette Munozova | Cornelia Lister Hilda Melander | 4–6, 3–6 |
# Fiscal Information and Investigation Service

The Fiscal Information and Investigation Service (Dutch: Fiscale inlichtingen- en opsporingsdienst, FIOD) is an agency of the government of the Netherlands responsible for investigating financial crimes. It is part of the Tax and Customs Administration, which itself falls under the responsibility of the Dutch Ministry of Finance.

## History

The FIOD-ECD was formed when the FIOD and the ECD (Dutch: Economische Controledienst) were merged in 1999. In 2010, the name was changed to FIOD.

## Role

The FIOD's main roles are in investigation and governance. Investigations are mainly carried out into economic, fiscal and financial fraud. Governance is carried out in economic and financial areas.
Any one of the five main Dutch ministries (Economics, Finance, Foreign Affairs, Justice, and Health, Welfare and Sports) can order the FIOD to act on information of suspected fraud. They are also the investigational unit for several financial watchdogs.

## Piracy

One of the investigative teams is the Team Opsporing Piraterij (Piracy Investigations Team) which specifically investigates breaches of the Copyright Act of 1912.
It has cooperated with BREIN to investigate p2p sites hosted in the Netherlands.
# Kenny Carter (American football)

Kenneth Carter (born December 2, 1967) is a former head football coach of Delaware State University, in Dover, Delaware. Carter was formally announced as the head coach of the Hornets on January 21, 2015, and succeeded Kermit Blount at the position. Carter's three-year contract was not renewed in 2017.

## Head coaching record

| Year | Team | Overall | Conference | Standing |
| Delaware State Hornets (Mid-Eastern Athletic Conference) (2015–2017) ||||||
| 2015 | Delaware State | 1–10 | 1–7 | T–8th |
| 2016 | Delaware State | 0–11 | 0–8 | 11th |
| 2017 | Delaware State | 2–9 | 2–6 | T–8th |
| Delaware State: | Delaware State: | 3–30 | 3–21 | |
| Total: | Total: | 3–30 | | |
# Katukan, Iranshahr

Katukan (Persian: كتوكان, also Romanized as Katūkān and Katookan) is a village in Abtar Rural District, in the Central District of Iranshahr County, Sistan and Baluchestan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 455, in 90 families.
# Victoria Park Stadium

The Victoria Park Stadium is soccer venue located in Brampton, Ontario and is home to Brampton United of the Canadian Soccer League. The stadium is located on 20 Victoria Crescent, Brampton. The stadium is part of the James F. McCurry Victoria Park Arena. The stadium hosted the 2004 CPSL Championship final which featured Vaughan Shooters against Toronto Croatia. On May 27, 2016 a fire erupted at the Victoria Park arena.
# Akbağ, Artuklu

Akbağ (Kurdish: Akres) is a neighbourhood in the municipality and district of Artuklu, Mardin Province in Turkey. The village is populated by Kurds of the Surgucu tribe and had a population of 657 in 2021.
# Swedish Teachers' Union

The Swedish Teachers' Union' (Swedish: Lärarförbundet) is the largest teachers' trade union in Sweden. It has a membership of 234,000 and is affiliated with the Swedish Confederation of Professional Associations after voting in 2021 to depart from the Swedish Confederation of Professional Employees. It is also affiliated with Education International.
# Minakhan Assembly constituency

Minakhan Assembly constituency is an assembly constituency in North 24 Parganas district in the Indian state of West Bengal. It is reserved for scheduled castes.

## Overview

As per orders of the Delimitation Commission, 122 Minakhan Assembly constituency (SC) is composed of the following: Minakhan community development block, and Bakjuri, Kulti, Shalipur and Sonapukur Sankarpur gram panchayats of Haroa community development block.
Minakhan Assembly constituency (SC) is part of 18. Basirhat (Lok Sabha constituency).

## Members of the Legislative Assembly

| Election Year | Constituency | Name of M.L.A. | Party Affiliation |
| 2011 | Minakhan | Usha Rani Mondal | All India Trinamool Congress |
| 2016 | | Usha Rani Mondal | All India Trinamool Congress |
| 2021 | | Usha Rani Mondal | All India Trinamool Congress |

## Election results
### 2021

2021 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election: Minakhan :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | AITC | Usha Rani Mondal | 109,818 | 51.72 | −4.04 |
| | BJP | Jayanta Mondal | 53,988 | 25.42 | +18.09 |
| | CPI(M) | Pradyut Roy | 44,606 | 21.01 | −11.74 |
| | NOTA | None of the above | 3,940 | 1.86 | −0.15 |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 212,352 | 94.04 | +5.49 |
| | AITC hold | AITC hold | Swing | | |

### 2016

West Bengal assembly elections, 2016: Minakhan (SC) constituency :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | AITC | Usha Rani Mondal | 103,210 | 55.76 | +7.10 |
| | CPI(M) | Dinabandhu Mondal | 60,612 | 32.75 | −11.19 |
| | BJP | Jayanta Mondal | 13,566 | 7.33 | +1.82 |
| | BSP | Krishna Kinkar Das | 3,995 | 2.16 | |
| | NOTA | None of the above | 3,718 | 2.01 | |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 185,101 | 88.55 | −3.31 |
| | AITC hold | AITC hold | Swing | | |

### 2011

West Bengal assembly elections, 2011: Minakhan (SC) constituency :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | AITC | Usha Rani Mondal | 73,533 | 48.66 | |
| | CPI(M) | Dilip Roy | 66,397 | 43.94 | |
| | BJP | Bhabesh Patra | 8,323 | 5.51 | |
| | Independent | Ajit Pramanik | 2,849 | | |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 151,102 | 91.86 | |
| | AITC win (new seat) | AITC win (new seat) | AITC win (new seat) | AITC win (new seat) | AITC win (new seat) |
# Balvaneh-ye Khaledi

Balvaneh-ye Khaledi (Persian: بالوانه خالدي, also Romanized as Bālvāneh-ye Khāledī; also known as Balīāneh, Baliyāna, Bālvāneh, and Bālvāneh-ye Khāledīān) is a village in Panjeh Ali Rural District, in the Central District of Qorveh County, Kurdistan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 161, in 33 families. The village is populated by Kurds.
# Mystacodon

Mystacodon is a genus of toothed baleen whale from the Late Eocene Yumaque Member of Paracas Formation (previously called as Yumaque Formation) of the Pisco Basin in southwestern Peru. It is the oldest known baleen whale, and was probably a suction feeder of small prey on the seafloor.

## Taxonomy

Mystacodon is the oldest known baleen whale, the holotype specimen dating to 36.4 million year ago to the Priabonian of the latest Eocene. The holotype, MUSM 1917, comprises the braincase, teeth, the spinal cord excluding the sacral vertebrae, some fin bones, and the left hip bone. It was originally classified into its own family, Mystacodontidae, but it was moved to the family Llanocetidae in 2018 alongside Llanocetus–the second-oldest baleen whale–and an undescribed New Zealand specimen OU GS10897.
The genus name, Mystacodon is said to be derived from ancient Greek mystacos "moustache" and odontos "tooth". The proper words in ancient Greek for "moustache" and "tooth" are however μύσταξ (mystax) and ὀδούς (odous). The use of the ancient Greek word for "moustache" is a reference to the taxon Mysticeti, the baleen whales, The species name, selenensis comes from Selene, the Greek goddess of the moon, in reference to the locality of the Yumaque Formation it was found in, Playa Media Luna–"Half Moon Beach".

## Description

Mystacodon probably measured around 3.75 or 4 m (12.3 or 13.1 ft) in length, which is larger than nearly all Oligocene toothed baleen whales. Compared to the more ancient archaeocete whales, the snout is much more flattened, and the nostrils are much further up the snout. This flattening shows reduced function of the incisor teeth and grasping capabilities, and the increased length of the head allowed a greater mouth volume. It is uncertain if the whale had any baleen in its mouth, and, unlike archaeocetes, it lacks a sagittal crest, indicating a reduction of the temporalis muscle which is used in biting. The eye sockets are proportionally larger, are oriented farther forward, and are slightly more elevated. The premolars and molars have two roots.
The humerus in the arm is about as long as the shoulder blade and much longer than the radius and ulna in the forearm, a condition seen in modern slow-moving whales. The muscles were probably constantly flexed, a condition not seen in any other whale species, perhaps to aid in moving along the seafloor or maintaining a position in the water. The hip is more similar to basilosaurid archaeocetes, with a short ilium and a defined hip joint.

## Paleobiology

Mystacodon was likely a suction feeder, a transitional stage of baleen whale evolution between the predatory hunting of archaeocetes and the filter feeding of more modern baleen whales. The whale may have been a bottom feeder and targeted small prey. A Myliobatis eagle ray stinger and clupeiform forage fish scales–a group that includes herring, sardines, and anchovies–were found around the holotype. Myliobatis may have been a potential prey item.
# Seh Konar-e Olya

Seh Konar-e Olya (Persian: سه كنارعليا, also Romanized as Seh Konār-e ‘Olyā; also known as Sadd-e Konār-e ‘Olyā, Sadd-e Konār-e Soflá, Sadd Konār, Sad Konār, Seh Kenar, and Seh Konār) is a village in Bandar Charak Rural District, Shibkaveh District, Bandar Lengeh County, Hormozgan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 151, in 27 families.
# Mila Gerd

Mila Gerd (Persian: ميلاگرد, also Romanized as Mīlā Gerd; also known as Mīlāgird) is a village in Barf Anbar Rural District, in the Central District of Fereydunshahr County, Isfahan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 622, in 133 families.
# Zivar

Zivar (Persian: زيور, also romanized as Zīvar) is a girl name common in Iran and East Europe. The meaning of the name "Zivar" is an ornament of gems, gold, or silver or in general jewelry.
* Zivar Mammadova, Azeri sculptor
* Zivar bay Ahmadbayov, Azerbaijani architect
# Wally Crouter

Wallace Clarence "Wally" Crouter (August 5, 1923 – March 28, 2016) was a Canadian radio broadcaster best known for his career at CFRB radio in Toronto, spanning exactly half a century, most of which was spent as the station's top-rated morning man.

## Early years

Crouter was born and raised in Lindsay, Ontario and made his debut radio broadcast on Toronto radio station CKGW in 1932 as a nine-year-old, award-winning 'boy soprano'.
Crouter served in the Canadian Army in World War II with the Army Show radio, with postings in Britain, Rome, Paris and North Africa. He spent a year in hospital recovering from shrapnel wounds.

## Radio career

After the war Crouter joined CFRB on November 1, 1946 after a brief stint at radio station CHEX AM1430 in Peterborough, Ontario, near his hometown.
At the height of his influence in the 1970s and 80s, Mr. Crouter had the highest-rated show in the city and his name was known across the country. According to his son Glenn, the key to his father's success was to avoid any topic that could potentially divide an audience like sex, politics or religion - both on and off the air. About the reason for his own success, Wally Crouter said, "I always tried to put myself in the place of the listener. … It's the most personal time of the day. The radio is on while you're doing your morning ablutions, getting dressed, having breakfast with the kids coming to the table. … I've had a surgeon write me to tell me that, when he had three serious operations to do in a day, he started off by listening to my show so he could achieve the right relaxation and focus he needed."
On November 1, 1996, exactly 50 years to the day of his start with CFRB, Crouter, who would be known as Canada's longest serving radio morning man, retired. He was subsequently inducted into the Canadian Broadcast Hall of Fame. Wally Crouter Walkway, located off Yonge Street north of St. Clair Avenue behind the former offices of CFRB, was named after the broadcaster.

## Death

Crouter died in his sleep on March 28, 2016 at Sunnybrook Hospital in Toronto.
He is survived by sons Dale and Glenn, who was also a broadcaster, his wife Lynne, daughter Janice, and 5 grandchildren.

## Quotations

* "Before you put your foot down, make sure you've got a leg to stand on." -A Thought of the Day from a Wally Crouter broadcast.
# Bhardwaj

Bhardwaj is a surname used by Brahmins relating to sage Bharadwaja gotra and Vishwabrahmins in India.

## Notable people

Notable people with the surname include:

### Sports

* Anil Bhardwaj (cricketer) (born 1954), Indian cricketer
* B. M. Rahul Bharadwaj (born 2000), Indian badminton player
* Manu Bhardwaj, Indian cricketer
* Mohini Bhardwaj (born 1978), American gymnast
* Kirpal Singh Bhardwaj (born 1935), Sikh Kenyan field hockey player
* Om Prakash Bhardwaj, Indian boxing coach
* Ravi Bharadwaj (born 1992), Indian basketball player
* Shapath Bharadwaj (born 2002), Indian sport shooter
* Vijay Bharadwaj (born 1975), Indian cricketer

### Entertainers

* Anasuya Bharadwaj (born 1982), Indian television presenter and actress
* Ankit Bhardwaj, Indian film and television actor
* Hetu Bhardwaj, Indian writer
* Hitesh Bharadwaj (born 1991), Indian television actor, model, anchor, RJ and poet
* Janani Bharadwaj (born 1989), Indian playback singer
* Krishna Bharadwaj (actor) (born 1989), Indian television actor
* Lavanya Bhardwaj, Indian actor and model
* Musafir Ram Bhardwaj, Indian musician
* Nitish Bharadwaj (born 1963), Indian television and film actor, director, screenwriter, film and TV programme producer, veterinarian and politician
* Radha Bharadwaj, Indian filmmaker, film producer and screenwriter
* Bharadwaj (composer) (born 1960), Indian music director, composer, singer-songwriter, and music producer, born Ramani Bharadwaj
* Reena Bhardwaj, British singer
* Rekha Bhardwaj, Indian singer
* Rohit Bhardwaj, Indian actor
* Shweta Bhardwaj, Indian actress
* Sumit Bhardwaj (born 1992), Indian actor
* Vedanth Bharadwaj (born 1980), Indian vocalist and composer
* Vishal Bhardwaj (born 1965), Indian film director and musician
* Vinay Bharadwaj (born 1983), Indian-Singapore-based ex-banker turned filmmaker, television host, motivational speaker, and fashion stylist
* Vishal Bharadwaj (born 1965), Indian film director, screenwriter, producer, music composer and playback singer

### Politicians

* Abhay Bharadwaj (1954–2020), Indian advocate turned politician
* Deepak Bharadwaj (1950–2013), Indian politician
* H. R. Bhardwaj (1939–2020), Indian politician
* Jagannath Bharadwaj (1916–1987), Indian politician
* Naresh Bhardwaj (born 1959), Canadian politician
* Ram Chandra Bharadwaj (died 1918), Indian politician
* Saurabh Bhardwaj (born 1979), Indian politician
* Suresh Bharadwaj (born 1952), Indian politician

### Others

* Anita Bharadwaj, Indian high altitude rescue doctor
* Babu Bharadwaj (1948–2016), Indian writer in Malayalam-language
* Chaitan Bharadwaj (born 1988), Indian music composer
* Girish Bharadwaj (born 1950), Indian social worker
* Krishna Bharadwaj (economist) (1935–1992), Indian Neo-Ricardian economist
* Raman Bhardwaj, Scottish broadcast journalist
* Somnath Bharadwaj (born 1964), Indian theoretical physicist
* Sudha Bharadwaj (born 1961), Indian trade-unionist, activist and lawyer
# Magic state distillation

Magic state distillation is a method for creating more accurate quantum states from multiple noisy ones, which is important for building fault tolerant quantum computers. It has also been linked to quantum contextuality, a concept thought to contribute to quantum computers' power.
The technique was first proposed by Emanuel Knill in 2004, and further analyzed by Sergey Bravyi and Alexei Kitaev the same year.
Thanks to the Gottesman–Knill theorem, it is known that some quantum operations (operations in the Clifford group) can be perfectly simulated in polynomial time on a classical computer. In order to achieve universal quantum computation, a quantum computer must be able to perform operations outside this set. Magic state distillation achieves this, in principle, by concentrating the usefulness of imperfect resources, represented by mixed states, into states that are conducive for performing operations that are difficult to simulate classically.
A variety of qubit magic state distillation routines and distillation routines for qubits with various advantages have been proposed.

## Stabilizer formalism

The Clifford group consists of a set of $n$-qubit operations generated by the gates {H, S, CNOT} (where H is Hadamard and S is ${\begin{bmatrix}1&0\\0&i\end{bmatrix}}$) called Clifford gates. The Clifford group generates stabilizer states which can be efficiently simulated classically, as shown by the Gottesman–Knill theorem. This set of gates with a non-Clifford operation is universal for quantum computation.

## Magic states

Magic states are purified from $n$ copies of a mixed state $\rho$. These states are typically provided via an ancilla to the circuit. A magic state for the $\pi /6$ rotation operator is $|M\rangle =\cos(\beta /2)|0\rangle +e^{i{\frac {\pi }{4}}}\sin(\beta /2)|1\rangle$ where $\beta =\arccos \left({\frac {1}{\sqrt {3}}}\right)$. A non-Clifford gate can be generated by combining (copies of) magic states with Clifford gates. Since a set of Clifford gates combined with a non-Clifford gate is universal for quantum computation, magic states combined with Clifford gates are also universal.

## Purification algorithm for distilling |M〉

The first magic state distillation algorithm, invented by Sergey Bravyi and Alexei Kitaev, is as follows.
    Input: Prepare 5 imperfect states.
    Output: An almost pure state having a small error probability.
    repeat
       Apply the decoding operation of the five-qubit error correcting code and measure the syndrome.
       If the measured syndrome is $|0000\rangle$, the distillation attempt is successful.
       else Get rid of the resulting state and restart the algorithm.
    until The states have been distilled to the desired purity.
# Garden Party (Germany)

The Garden Party (German: Gartenpartei), until 2017 known as the Magdeburg Garden Party (German: Magdeburger Gartenpartei), is a minor political party in Germany that is primarily active in the city of Magdeburg. It was founded by allotment owners in 2013 who were opposed to development plans by the city that would have led to eviction of their allotments. The party has been represented on Magdeburg city council since 2014.

## Organization

The Garden Party in the Magdeburg city council formed a faction together with the Tierschutzallianz.
Though officially a separate political party, the Garden Party of Frankfurt am Main (Gartenpartei Ffm), founded in 2019, de facto acts as a local brauch of the Garden Party, both parties working closely together. Gartenpartei Ffm participated in two Frankfurt local elections, with its lead candidate Tilo Schwichtenberg, in 2021 and 2023 respectively.

## Election results

The Garden Party was not able to participate in the 2019 European Parliament election in Germany due to not submitting documents in time.

### Federal elections

| Year | Party list | Party list | Constituency | Constituency |
| Year | Votes | % | Votes | % |
| 2021 | 7,611 | 0.02 | 2,095 | 0.00 |
| 2017 | 5,617 | 0.01 | 2,570 | 0.01 |

### State elections

| Year | ST | ST | ST | ST |
| Year | Party list | Party list | Constituency | Constituency |
| Year | Votes | % | Votes | % |
| 2021 | 8,583 | 0.81 | 3,216 | 0.30 |
| 2016 | 4,763 | 0.4 | 2,412 | 0.2 |

### Local elections

City council elections :
| Year | Magdeburg | Magdeburg | Magdeburg | Frankfurt | Frankfurt | Frankfurt |
| Year | Votes | % | Seats | Votes | % | Seats |
| 2021 | | | | 126,991 | 0.6 | 1 |
| 2019 | 12,709 | 4.2 | 2 | | | |
| 2014 | 4,162 | 1.9 | 1 | | | |
Mayoral elections :
| Year | Frankfurt | Frankfurt | Frankfurt | Frankfurt | Frankfurt |
| Year | Candidate | First round | First round | Second round | Second round |
| Year | Candidate | Votes | % | Votes | % |
| 2023 | Tilo Schwichtenberg | 661 | 0.3 | | |
# Les Bessons

Les Bessons (Occitan: Los Bessons) is a commune in the Lozère department in southern France.
# Bahatkivtsi

Bahatkivtsi (Ukrainian: Багатківці) is a village in Zolotnyky rural hromada, Ternopil Raion, Ternopil Oblast, Ukraine.

## History

The first written mention of the village was in 1473.
After the liquidation of the Terebovlia Raion on 19 July 2020, the village became part of the Ternopil Raion.

## Religion

* St. George church (1929, brick; destroyed during the German-Soviet war, later used as a fertilizer warehouse; rebuilt in 1991).