OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# De Gaulle family

The de Gaulle family produced several 20th-century officers, Resistance members, and French politicians.
There is a widespread notion claiming that the particle in "de Gaulle" is derived from a dialectal form of the article (it should logically be written De Gaulle, for one writes Le Châtelier, but usage has always favoured the lowercase form). However, the genealogy of this ancient bourgeois family, established by the general's grandfather, Julien Philippe de Gaulle, alumnus of the École Nationale des Chartes, shows that his ancestors, capitaines-châtelains of Cuisery, Saône-et-Loire in the 17th century, have always written their name in this way.
Note: This family tree is not intended to be exhaustive, but rather aims to show the principal public figures of Charles de Gaulle's family.

## Descent from Julien de Gaulle

* Julien de Gaulle (1801–1883), historian x 1835 to Joséphine Maillot, writer.
** Charles de Gaulle (1837–1880), specialist in Celtic languages and civilisation
** Henri de Gaulle (1848–1932), private school teacher. x 1886 to Jeanne Maillot.
*** Xavier de Gaulle (1887–1955), soldier, Resistance member, twice married, five children.
**** Geneviève de Gaulle-Anthonioz (1920–2002), president of the ATD Fourth World.
***** Michel Anthonioz (1947–2009), writer and television director, diplomat.
*** Marie-Agnès de Gaulle (1889–1982).
*** Charles de Gaulle (1890–1970), general, President of France. x 1921 to Yvonne Vendroux (1900–1979).
**** Philippe de Gaulle (1921–2024), admiral, senator. x 1947 to Henriette de Montalembert (1929–2014), four sons.
***** Charles de Gaulle (1948– ), lawyer, elected official who switched from the UDF to the National Front.
***** Yves de Gaulle (1951– ).
***** Jean de Gaulle (1953– ), deputy from 1986 to 2007.
***** Pierre de Gaulle (1963– ).
**** Élisabeth de Gaulle (1924–2013). x 1946 to Major Alain de Boissieu (1914–2006).
***** Anne de Boissieu (1959– ).
**** Anne de Gaulle (1928–1948), born with Down syndrome, no issue.
*** Jacques de Gaulle (1893–1946), disabled in 1926.
*** Pierre de Gaulle (1897–1959), Resistance member, president of the Paris municipal council (1947–1951).
** Jules de Gaulle (1850–1922)
# Navbahor, Khatlon

Navbahor (Tajik: Навбаҳор, Persian: نوبهار) is a jamoat in Tajikistan. It is located in Kushoniyon District in Khatlon Region. The jamoat has a total population of 18,281 (2015).
# Ali ibn Ahmad

Ali ibn Ahmad (Arabic: علي بن أحمد) was the ninth Emir of Crete, reigning from c. 943–949.
The surviving records on the internal history and rulers of the Emirate of Crete are very fragmentary. He is tentatively identified as a son of the seventh emir, Ahmad ibn Umar, and as the great-great-grandson of the conqueror of Crete and founder of the emirate, Abu Hafs Umar. He is believed to have reigned from c. 943 to c. 949, succeeding his brother Shu'ayb, and being succeeded by his nephew, Shu'ayb's son, Abd al-Aziz.
He was possibly the ruler of Crete in 949, when a large-scale, seaborne Byzantine expedition was sent against Crete, only for it to be comprehensively defeated by the Cretan Saracens.
# Louis Trinca-Pasat

Louis Trinca-Pasat (Romanian: Trîncă-Păsat; born September 7, 1991) is an American former professional football defensive end. He played college football at Iowa.

## Early life

Trinca-Pasat attended Lane Technical College Prep High School in Chicago, where he was a four-sport athlete, lettering in football, basketball, track, and volleyball. He was an All-conference and Academic All-state selection during his time there. He did not start playing tackle until his freshman year of college and previously played tight end, linebacker, and wide receiver.
Pasat was also a team captain as a senior and earned team MVP honors. He helped Lane to the 2008 Chicago Public League football championship with former teammate Laken Tomlinson. He was named MVP in CPS football.
Regarded as a three-star recruit by Rivals.com, Pasat was listed as the No. 45 defensive end prospect in the class of 2010. He had over 20 full-ride scholarship offers from across the country. He chose to play for the Iowa Hawkeyes over his other top choices from Wisconsin, Michigan State, and Stanford.

## College career

He was redshirted as a true freshman at the University of Iowa in 2010. As a redshirt freshman in 2011, Trinca-Pasat didn't get much playing time due to the fact he was still developing and improving his technique. Trinca-Pasat notched 40 tackles as sophomore in 2012. He has started all 38 games over the past three seasons. He has recorded a career-best 69 tackles in 2014, including 11.5 tackles for loss and 6.5 sacks as a redshirt senior. He was named honorable mention All-Big Ten in 2013 and earned 2nd Team All-Big Ten in 2014. He also earned Academic All-Big Ten honors in 2012, 2013, and 2014.

## Professional career

On May 4, 2015, Trinca-Pasat signed with the St. Louis Rams as an undrafted free agent following the 2015 NFL draft. He was released by the Rams on September 5, 2015, and was signed to the practice squad the next day.
On June 9, 2016, Trinca-Pasat was placed on injured reserve after tearing his ACL, causing him to miss the 2016 season.
On September 3, 2017, Trinca-Pasat was waived by the Rams and signed to the practice squad the next day.

## Personal life

Trinca-Pasat is a first-generation Romanian-American born in Chicago, Illinois. His parents, Vasile and Estera, escaped communist-ruled Romania in the late 1980s.
# National Institute for the Study of Dutch Slavery and its Legacy

The National Institute for the Study of Dutch Slavery and its Legacy (Dutch: Nationaal Instituut Nederlands Slavernijverleden en Erfenis abbreviated NiNsee) is based in Amsterdam, Netherlands and was established to document the history of Dutch slavery from various perspectives. In 2001, the Dutch government created the institute to research, educate, discuss and process the history of Dutch slavery and its legacy.

## History

NiNsee was opened on 1 July 2003 upon the national commemoration of the abolition of slavery 140 years ago.

## Mission

The mission of NiNsee is to develop and position itself as the national symbol of the shared legacy of Dutch slavery and the collective future of all Dutch people. NiNsee inventorises the tangible heritage of the slave trade and slavery. This includes plantations, forts and structures that were utilized to house slaves in Suriname, the Netherlands Antilles, Aruba and the west coast of Africa, Ghana. NiNsee also documents the oral history of slavery to help stimulate awareness of the collective history of slavery. NiNsee organizes conferences and workshops to shed light on the history of Dutch slavery and its impact on Dutch society from varied and diverse perspectives, on an international and national level. The institute has the goal of realizing a nuanced and realistic image of Dutch slavery and its legacy.
# Kosovo University Sports Federation

The Kosovo University Sports Federation, (Albanian: Federata e Sporteve Universitare të Kosovës, Serbian: Савез Универзитетског Cпорта Косова / Savez Univerzitetskog Sporta Kosova), is governing body for university sports in Kosovo.

## History

The Kosovo University Sports Federation became a member of the International University Sports Federation in 2017 and a delegation representing Kosovo made its debut at the 2019 Summer Universiade.

## Kosovo at the World University Games
### Summer

| Games | Athletes |
| Naples 2019 | 1 |
| Chengdu 2021 (to be held in 2023) | TBA |
| Yekaterinburg 2023 | Cancelled |
| Rhine-Ruhr 2025 | TBA |

### Winter

| Games | Athletes |
| Lucerne 2021 | Cancelled |
| Lake Placid 2023 | TBA |
| Turin 2025 | TBA |

## Events Hosted

The Kosovo University Sports Federation has hosted the following FISU events:
* 2022 FISU University Handball World Cup
# Galu Anar

Galu Anar (Persian: گلوانار, also Romanized as Galū Anār) is a village in Dehsard Rural District, in the Central District of Arzuiyeh County, Kerman Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 36, in 10 families.
# Saniabad, Kerman

Saniabad (Persian: ثاني اباد, also Romanized as S̄ānīābād) is a village in Fahraj Rural District, in the Central District of Fahraj County, Kerman Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 89, in 20 families.
# Olga Ostroumova

Olga Mikhailovna Ostroumova (Russian: О́льга Миха́йловна Остроу́мова; born 21 September 1947) is a Soviet and Russian theater and film actress. Best known for her roles in films We'll Live Till Monday (1968, her debut), The Dawns Here Are Quiet (1972, Italian Silver Nymph Award), Vasily and Vasilisa (1981).
In 1979 Olga Ostroumova was awarded the USSR State Prize; in 1993 - the title People's Artist of Russia.

## Biography

Olga Ostroumova was born in Buguruslan, Orenburg Oblast, Russian SFSR, Soviet Union. In 1970, she graduated from the Russian Academy of Theatre Arts in Moscow. Her film debut as a high school student in Monday Sure Will Come (Доживём до понедельника, 1968) brought her immediate fame among Soviet audiences.
From 1973 to 1983, she worked at the Moscow Theater on Malaya Bronnaya, then moved to Mossovet Theatre, continuing her stage work alongside film and later television roles. She was awarded the title of People's Artist of Russia in 1993. Ostroumova is married to Russian actor Valentin Gaft. She lives and works in Moscow.

## Select filmography

* 1968 We'll Live Till Monday as Rita Cherkasova, a pupil
* 1971 Sea on Fire as Yulia Prihodko
* 1972 The Dawns Here Are Quiet as Zhenya Komelkowa
* 1974 Earthly Love as Manya
* 1977 Destiny as Manya Polivanova
* 1979 The Garage as Marina
* 1981 Vasili and Vasilisa as Vasilisa
* 1983 Crazy Day of Engineer Barkasov as Sofochka
* 1987 Tower as Kara Semenovna
* 1987 Filer as Nina
* 1997 Don't Play the Fool as Polina
* 2003-2004 Poor Nastya (TV series) as Maria Alekseyevna Dolgorukaya
* 2004 Women in a game without rules (TV series) as Maria Petrovna Gromova
* 2005-2006 Don't Be Born Pretty (TV series) as Margarita Zhdanova
* 2008 Admiral as Daria Fedorovna Kamenskaya
* 2008 One Night of Love as Daria Matveevna Urusova
* 2012 Yefrosinya (TV series) as Olimpiada Zhuravskaya
* 2014 Pope to Sofia (Mini-series) as Marina
# Varkurak

Varkurak (Persian: وركورك, also Romanized as Varkūrak) is a village in Howmeh-ye Sarpol Rural District, in the Central District of Sarpol-e Zahab County, Kermanshah Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 69, in 16 families.
# Karl-Heinz Kunde

Karl-Heinz Kunde (6 January 1938 – 15 January 2018) was a German racing cyclist.

## Life

Born in Cologne, Kunde started his cycling career in 1959 as amateur. In 1962 he became professional. His biggest success was in the 1966 Tour de France, where he wore the yellow jersey for five days. This was even more special considering he received hardly any support from his teammates.
Kunde started 5 times in the Tour de France, but only finished three times, in 1964, 1965 and 1966. Because he was relatively small (1.59 m or 5 ft 3 in, and 50 kg or 110 lb), Kunde was nicknamed Bergfloh and Karl, der Kurze (Karl the short). The French reporters named him Le petit Kunde, and his concurrent Jacques Anquetil named him Mikrobe. Kunde was also a Cyclo-cross-cyclist. In 1973 Kunde ended his cycling career, and started a bicycle shop in Cologne.

## Palmarès
### 1960

    Winner 4th stage Tour of Austria

### 1961

    German national road race champion

### 1963

    3rd stage Tour de Luxembourg

### 1964

    Tour de France: 16th place final classification

### 1965

    Tour de France: 11th place

### 1966

    Tour de France: 9th place
# ALFA 20/30 HP

ALFA or later Alfa Romeo has made three cars named as 20/30 HP, first one 1910 4-cylinder 4-6-seater tourer, improved version 20/30 HP E in 1914 and 1921 the 20/30 HP ES Sport, a 4-seater sportscar.

## The Alfa 20/30 HP

The Alfa Romeo "Torpedo" 20/30HP was the first car under the ALFA brand to formally carry the Alfa Romeo name. It was equipped with a 4250 cc sidevalve inline-four engine producing 67bhp. The car was intended for a launch amongst the upper classes of Italy, so the price was notably high- around three times that of the Ford Model T, a large sum of money when one considers the post-World War I economy.
The ALFA 20/30 HP was almost identical to the 24 HP of 1910 and was often simply called the HP 24 Serie E. The 24 HP's engine was reused completely, save for a sidechain on the camshaft to reduce noise. The maximum power was increased to 49bhp at 2400rpm, and the top speed increased to 115 km/h (71 mph). The vehicle was available in two body variants: A Berlina chassis and a torpedo variant.
At the outbreak of World War I on August 3, 1914, Italy declared itself neutral. ALFA plants, as such, had not been directly affected by war, or by manufacturing related to the war effort. Production numbers between 1914 and 1915 totaled 285 finished 20/30 HP models. In 1915, the production totals decreased to 95 frames for the 20/30 HP, which were only completed in 1920.

## Alfa Romeo 20/30 ES Sport

The ES Sport was based on the 1914 20/30 E model, the "S" being added to emphasize the sportiness of the car. Notably, the ES had electric lights and an electric starter. The chassis was shortened from previous models as well.
Price was a major negative factor, and only 124 were ever produced. Notably, it is with the ES that Enzo Ferrari began his racing career with teammates Antonio Ascari and Ugo Sivocci.
* Engine: 4 cylinders inline
* Displacement: 4250 cc
* Power: 67 bhp at 2600 rpm
* Top speed: 130 km/h (81 mph)
# Alfa Romeo G1

The Alfa Romeo G1 (1921–23) was an Italian automobile.
It was the first all-new design from Alfa Romeo after the end of the A.L.F.A. brand. The car was designed by A.L.F.A. pioneer Giuseppe Merosi as the factory's new luxury vehicle while he simultaneously revised the prewar 24HP racing car into the 20/30ES model. At this time, he was engaged in a legal dispute with Nicola Romeo regarding the brand takeover conditions.
The chassis was lengthened and stiffened from the 1914 A.L.F.A. 40-60 HP model, entering into market territory competition with Rolls-Royce. A new 6.3 L (384 cu in) straight-6 engine was introduced, producing 70 PS (51 kW) and 216 lb⋅ft (293 N⋅m) of torque. The G1 achieved a maximum speed of 86 miles per hour (138 km/h), winning its production class at the Coppa del Garda race.
Total production was 52 cars. It found no customers in Italy, and all 50 production model (excepting two prototypes) found their way to Australia. Chassis numbers 6001 and 6002 were built in 1920 as prototypes, whereas 6003 to 6052 were built mostly in 1921. Only one known survivor exists as of 2019, chassis number 6018. It was in 2007 owned by New Zealand's Alfa importer and is also the oldest surviving Alfa Romeo-branded car.
# Jens Edvin A. Skoghøy

Jens Edvin Andreassen Skoghøy (born February 16, 1955) is a Norwegian lawyer, former Supreme Court justice, and professor of law.
Skoghøy grew up on Ringvassøya, north of Tromsø, in a liberal Laestadian congregation. He completed his secondary education in Tromsø in 1974.
He graduated as cand.jur. at the University of Oslo in 1976 and took the dr.juris degree at the University of Tromsø in 1990. He subsequently became a professor there, and has also worked as a lawyer.
He was appointed Supreme Court Justice in 1998, as one of the youngest ever. He is a member of the Norwegian Academy of Science and Letters. In early 2017 he resigned from the Supreme Court to resume his professorship at the University of Tromsø.
In 2020, he was reappointed to the Supreme Court and took office on October 12, 2020. A year later he became the most senior justice on the court, ranking after the Chief Justice. In the fall of 2022, after experiencing deteriorating health, Skoghøy was hospitalized and took leaves of absence from the Court. He also accused his wife of poisoning him.
In April, 2023, Skoghøy announced his resignation from the Supreme Court, effective July 1, 2023. The Supreme Court agreed to pay him a lump sum of 3.6 million NOK. The agreement allowed Skoghøy to retain a salary equivalent to that of a Supreme Court judge until his retirement age in 2025 and covered his legal expenses related to the resignation agreement. This type of departure — induced departure — where a justice’s resignation is not voluntary and is accompanied by financial incentives, was seen as unprecedented in Norway.
Skoghøy has written a number of articles and books on, among other things, dispute resolution, lien law, and civil procedure.
# Kozhanka settlement hromada

Kozhanka settlement hromada (Ukrainian: Кожанська селищна громада) is a hromada of Ukraine, located in Fastiv Raion, Kyiv Oblast. Its administrative center is the town of Kozhanka.
It has an area of 334.9 square kilometres (129.3 sq mi) and a population of 8,050, as of 2020.
The hromada includes 15 settlements: 1 town (Kozhanka), 13 villages:
* Volytsia
* Dmytrivka
* Yelyzavetivka
* Korolivka
* Malopolovetske
* Pylypivka
* Pivni
* Skryhalivka
* Sofiivka
* Stavky
* Tarasivka
* Trylisy
* Yakhny
And 1 rural-type settlement: Stepove.
# Dniproenerhiia

Dniproenerhiia (Ukrainian: Дніпроенергія, Russian: Днепроэнергия, romanized: Dneproenergiya) is a village (selo) in Volnovakha Raion, Donetsk Oblast, Ukraine, located on the right bank of the Mokri Yaly river. It belongs to the Komar rural hromada, one of the hromadas of Ukraine.

## Demographics

According to the 2001 Census, the village has a population of 96. 73.96% of residents were native Ukrainian speakers, while the remaining 26.04% were native Russian speakers.
# Garind

Garind (Persian: گريند, also Romanized as Goryand ) is a village in Kukherd Rural District, Kukherd District, Bastak County, Hormozgan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 248, in 53 families.
# Koshtan-Tau

Koshtan-Tau (Russian: Коштан-тау; Karachay-Balkar: Къоштан-тау, means paired mountain) is the highest peak (5,144m) of the Koshtan massif of the central Caucasus Mountains in the Kabardino-Balkaria Republic of Russia, near the border with Georgia. The peak was first ascended in 1889 by Herman Woolley and party.
# Boris Grushin

Boris Andreevich Grushin (Russian: Бори́с Андре́евич Гру́шин; 2 August 1929, in Moscow – 18 September 2007, in Moscow) was a well-known Soviet and Russian philosopher, sociologist and historical and sociological scientist. He is generally seen as the pioneer of public opinion polling in the Soviet Union more than thirty years before its breakup. Prominent American novelist Olga Grushin is his daughter.

## Life and scientific activity

Grushin graduated from the Faculty of Philosophy of the Lomonosov Moscow State University in 1952 with a dissertation on The Logical and Historical Problem in Marx's Capital. In 1957 he completed his postgraduate study in the same place, with a thesis on Receptions and Ways of Reproducing the Thoughts of Historical Development.
At the same time in 1952 Grushin was one of the founders of the Moscow Logic Circle. Other members who entered the circle included Aleksandr Zinovyev, Merab Mamardashvili and Georgy Schedrovitsky. It was later called the Moscow Methodological Circle (ММК).
In 1960 he founded the Institute of Public Opinion at the newspaper Komsomolskaya Pravda where problems within the Soviet Union were brought to daylight and analyzed through public opinion surveys for the very first time.
In 1967 Grushin received a doctorate in philosophy from the Institute of Philosophy of the Academy of Sciences of the Soviet Union for his work concerning the Problem of Methodology while Researching Public Opinion. He decided to leave the newspaper work afterwards and devoted himself to several different projects.
Between 1962–1965 and 1977–1981 Grushin was an employee of the journal Problems of Peace and Socialism in Prague, Czechoslovakia. In the years of 1967–1968 and 1982–1989 he worked at the Faculty of Journalism of the Lomonosov Moscow State University.
In the two years from 1988 to 1990 he was one of the organizers and directors of the All-Soviet Center for Public Opinion Studies (VCIOM), which gave him the chance to expand his work on public opinion surveys.
Meanwhile, in 1989, Grushin created the Service of studying of public opinion Vox Populi the first detached and completely private opinion center in the Soviet Union.
Between all his projects Grushin worked at several academic centers such as the Institute of Sociological Researches and the Central Economic Mathematical Institute. He taught at different universities in Russia and the US and in 1993 worked as one of the advisers of president Boris Yeltsin.
In 2003 Grushin received the award of the Union of Russian Journalists for "journalistic skills" in his book Four Lives of Russia.
Grushin died on September 18, 2007, in Moscow.
Long after his death Boris Grushin will be remembered as one of the founding fathers of Russian sociology who firmly worked towards the recognition for sociology as a scientific discipline. Some of his pupils and followers include J. Kapeljush, V. Sazonov, T. Dridze, A. Zhavoronkov, A. Vozmitel, V.Korobejnikov, E. Andrjushchenko, V. Tokarovsky, E. Avraamova, L. Byzov and many more.
# Dard

Darad or Dard may refer to:
Dard 2024

## Arts and entertainment

* Dard (1947 film), a Hindi film
* Dard (1981 film), a Hindi film
* Dard (2024 film), a Indo-Bangladesh joint production Pan-Indian film featuring Shakib Khan
* Dard Nordis, hero of the 1957 science fiction novel The Stars are Ours! by Andre Norton

## Organisations

* Department of Agriculture and Rural Development, a former government department in the Northern Ireland Executive
* Détachement d'Action Rapide et de Dissuasion, a Swiss counter-terrorism and police unit

## Other uses

* Dard people, an ethnic group mainly from Pakistan's Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Gilgit-Baltistan, Kashmir and Afghanistan
* Dard (surname)
* Dard (river), a river of Jura, France
* Dard Hunter, born William Joseph Hunter (1883–1966), American authority on printing, paper, and papermaking
# Lyubov Kazarnovskaya

Lyubov Yurievna Kazarnovskaya (Russian: Любо́вь Ю́рьевна Казарно́вская, born 18 July 1956) is a Russian operatic soprano who has sung leading roles in opera houses around the world. She has recorded for Deutsche Grammophon, Philips, and Naxos Records, amongst others. She has her own music show on Russian television and a weekly one-hour radio program, "Vocalissimo", on Radio Orphej.

## Biography

Kazarnovskaya was born in Moscow and trained at the Gnessin State Musical College and the Moscow Conservatory. She made her professional debut in 1981 as Tatyana in Eugene Onegin at the Stanislavsky Opera Theatre. After singing leading roles at that theatre as well as the Bolshoi Theatre and the Mariinsky Theatre, she made her international opera debut in 1990 at the Salzburg Festival. Earlier that year she made her US debut as the soprano soloist in the Boston Symphony Orchestra's performance of Shostakovich's Symphony No. 14.
Between 1991 and 1992, Kazarnovskaya made her house debuts at the Royal Opera House in London, the Vienna State Opera, and the Metropolitan Opera in New York. Her Metropolitan Opera debut was on 26 December 1992 as Tatyana in Eugene Onegin. She sang the role in three performances that season and returned there in the 1994 season when she sang Desdemona in Otello and Nedda in Pagliacci

## Personal life

In 1989 she married the opera producer from Austria Robert Rostsik. In 1993 their son Andrey was born.
They met when Robert came to listen to a young generation of Russian singers. Kazarnovskaya then worked at the Mariinsky Theater in St. Petersburg. According to her, it was not a love at first sight but they began to communicate with great interest. When the singer came to audition in Vienna they began a romantic relationship that led to a wedding.