OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Misrata War Museum

The Misrata War Museum (Arabic: متحف مصراتة الحربي) contains a collection of weapons, photos and objects linked to the Libyan War of 2011. It is located in the Libyan city of Misrata.

## History

Misrata was one of the cities most repressed by the regime of Muammar Gaddafi during the Libyan War of 2011. For that reason, when the conflict ended in the country and the Libyan leader was defeated, it was decided to build a museum to show the weapons used during the war and so that people would not "forget" what happened. It was the first of this kind built in Libya.
It was decided to install on Tripoli Street, where the most intense fighting between the Gaddafi loyalist forces and the rebels was recorded, and it was dedicated to the memory of Murad Ali Hasan Yaber, an Al Jazeera cameraman who died in Benghazi while reporting on the rebellion. Initially, the museum was managed by volunteer activists without any professional guiding the work. Despite this, it managed to attract an average of 1,500 visits per week in the first months.

## Collection

The articles exhibited in the museum are mostly symbols of the regime that were brought from the bastions of Gaddafi ( Tripoli and Sirte ) to Misrata by the more than 200 brigades of militiamen of the city. Among the exhibited pieces are:
* Fist Crushing a U.S. Fighter Plane: anti-American monument built by order of Gaddafi and originally located at his residence in Bab al-Azizia, (Tripoli).
* Gaddafi's chair: it was used by the Libyan leader during his stay in Sirte and, after his death, the rebels used it to transport the corpse to Misrata.
* Statue of an eagle: brought from the barracks of the Salahaldin brigades (Tripoli).
* Photos of more than a thousand dead and missing during the government of Gaddafi.
* Weapons and ammunition used during the war: AK-47 bullets and a half-ton bomb, as well as several rockets, mortars, projectiles, Russian-made tanks and homemade bulletproof vests.
* Personal effects of Gaddafi: two copies of the Koran belonging to the Libyan leader, a set of tableware and several bottles of alcoholic beverages (which supposedly demonstrate his alcoholism, something forbidden by Islam ).
* The dictator's own body was publicly exposed for 5 days.
* In 2013, a group of volunteers from the NGO Mines Advisory Group helped the museum dispose of more than 363 explosive devices that put visitors' safety at risk.
# Giovanni Battista Fontana (composer)

Giovanni Battista Fontana (1589–1630) was an early Baroque Italian composer and violinist.
Fontana was born in Brescia, and worked there and in Rome, Venice, and Padua. He died in Padua during the plague of 1629–31.
Nearly all information on Fontana comes from the preface by Fr. Giovanni Battista Reghino to his posthumously published 18 (sometimes incorrectly stated 12) sonatas (Sonate a 1.2.3. per il violino, o cornetto, fagotto, chitarone, violoncino o simile altro istromento, Venice: Bartolomeo Magni, 1641). They are among the earliest sonatas of this form, consisting of six sonatas for solo violin/cornetto with continuo and 12 sonatas for one to three violins and continuo, the latter group often including a demanding concertante part for bassoon or cello.
"An atto di morte dated 7 September 1630 for a 'Zan Batta Fontana' aged 50, is the only one among the Paduan death registers of 1625–30 for a person bearing that name" (Dunn 2014).
# Diabetic shoe

Diabetic shoes (sometimes referred to as extra depth, therapeutic shoes or sugar shoes) are specially designed shoes, or shoe inserts, intended to reduce the risk of skin breakdown in diabetics with existing foot disease and relieve pressure to prevent diabetic foot ulcers.
People with diabetic neuropathy in their feet may have a false sense of security as to how much at risk their feet actually are. An ulcer under the foot can develop in a couple of hours. The primary goal of therapeutic footwear is to prevent complications, which can include strain, ulcers, calluses, or even amputations for patients with diabetes and poor circulation. Neuropathy can also change the shape of a person's feet, which limits the range of shoes that can be worn comfortably. In addition to meeting strict guidelines, diabetic shoes must be prescribed by a physician and fit by a certified individual, such as an orthotist, podiatrist, therapeutic shoe fitter, or pedorthist. The shoes must also be equipped with a removable orthosis. Foot orthoses are devices such as shoe inserts, arch supports, or shoe fillers such as lifts, wedges and heels. The diabetic shoes, chappal, and custom-molded inserts work together as a preventive system to help diabetics avoid foot injuries and improve mobility.
The evidence for special footwear to treat diabetic foot ulcers is poor but their effectiveness for prevention is well-established. Design features of footwear that are effective in reducing pressure are arch supports, cushioned cut-outs around points at risk of damage, and cushioning at the ball of the foot. Technology for measuring the pressure within the shoes is recommended during designing diabetic footwear.
In the United States, diabetic shoes can be covered by Medicare.
# Chuya (Lena)

The Chuya (Russian: Чуя), also known as Big Chuya (Russian: Большая Чуя, romanized: Bolshaya Chuya) in its last 52 km (32 mi) stretch, is a river in Buryatia and Irkutsk Oblast, Russia. It is the 13th longest tributary of the Lena and the 191st longest river in Russia, with a length of 512 kilometres (318 mi) and a drainage basin area of 18,400 square kilometres (7,100 sq mi).
The Mamsko-Chuysky District of Irkutsk Oblast is named after rivers Mama and Chuya. The abolished district's settlement of Chuya is located on the right bank of the Lena River at the confluence with the Chuya.

## History

In the 20th century there were mica mining operations in the upper basin of the Chuya. Gorno-Chuysky was a settlement of workers on the right bank of the river. It had had over 4,000 inhabitants in 1970, but lost population following the collapse of the USSR and only a residual population remained. Finally it was abolished in 2019.
Currently tourists visit the Chuya mainly for angling and watersports. The main fish species in the river are dace, lenok, whitefish, grayling and taimen.

## Course

The Chuya is a right tributary of the Lena, its 13th longest tributary. It has its sources in a small mountain lake of the Synnyr Massif of the North Baikal Highlands and flows in a roughly NNE direction across the highland area within the North Baikal District of Buryatia. Its channel is very stony and often divides into branches, with willows growing in the banks and in the islands. As it flows roughly northwards past the confluence of its Tukulakh tributary there is a long, tumultuous stretch with rapids and cascades. Downstream from the Gorno-Chuysky ghost town zone the river proceeds along a narrow valley with riffles in the current. Further north there is another area of strong rapids.
After it leaves the mountain area the Chuya river slows down, the river channel widens and it is joined by the Malaya Chuya on its left bank. In its last 52 km (32 mi) stretch the Chuya flows northwards across a floodplain as the Bolshaya Chuya. Finally the Chuya meets the right bank of the Lena by Chuya village, at the border of the Sakha Republic (Yakutia), 2,740 kilometres (1,700 mi) from its mouth. The town of Vitim lies just a few miles downstream from the confluence.
The largest tributary of the Chuya is the 257 kilometres (160 mi) long Malaya Chuya (Small Chuya) that joins it from the left and has a drainage basin area of 6,000 square kilometres (2,300 sq mi). The river freezes between October and May. Permafrost is distributed in the river basin in an uneven, discontinuous pattern.
* Basin of the Lena
# Carlo Milanuzzi

Carlo Milanuzzi (c. 1590 – c. 1647) was an Italian composer of the early Baroque era.

## Life

Carlo Milanuzzi was born in Santa Natoglia, or Esanatoglia in the Marche region, to Milanuzzo and donna Felice, probably around 1590, but not after 1592, the starting-date of the Baptismal Books of the town, in which no documentation of his birth has been found. He spent most of his life in Venice. Though he was an Augustinian friar, he composed both sacred and secular music, and his work is very interesting particularly for the later development of the solo cantata. As Dinko Fabris wrote: «the collections of Ariose vaghezze published by Milanuzzi in Venice between 1622 and 1643 were a veritable mine of arias and proto-cantatas that had numerous affinities with Falconieri»; into the collections there are inserted many dances, and a quantity of them are for Spanish guitar. For example, the 'Terzo scherzo delle ariose vaghezze' of Milanuzzi contains 12 ballettos for solo voice and continuo, and 7 for guitar alone.
Two short arias by Francesco Monteverdi, elder son of Claudio Monteverdi, survive in Milanuzzi’s 'Quarto scherzo delle ariose vaghezze'.
Milanuzzi died perhaps around 1647, the date of his last work, Compieta intiera concertata con le Antifone, e Litanie della Beatiss. Vergine Madre di Dio.

## Works
### Sacred

* Sacri rosarum flores, 1619;
* Vespertina psalmodia, 1619;
* Letanie della Beata Vergine, 1622;
* Armonia sacra di concerti, messa et canzoni, 1622;
* Sacra cetra concertata con affetti ecclesiastici, 1625;
* Concerto sacro di salmi intieri, 1629;
* Messe a 3 concertate, 1627;
* Hortus sacer deliciarum, 1636;
* Concerto sacro di salmi intieri, 1643;
* Compieta intiera concertata con le antifone, e Litanie BVM di Dio, 1647.

### Secular

* Aurea corona de scherzi poetici, 1620;
* Primo scherzo delle ariose vaghezze, 1622;
* Secondo scherzo delle ariose vaghezze, 1622;
* Terzo scherzo delle ariose vaghezze, 1623;
* Quarto scherzo delle ariose vaghezze, 1624;
* Sesto libro delle ariose vaghezze, 1628;
* Settimo libro delle ariose vaghezze, 1630;
* Ottavo libro delle ariose vaghezze, 1635;
* Nono libro delle ariose vaghezze, commode da cantarsi, 1643.
In 1621 Carlo Milanuzzi also added the 'continuo' part to Pomponio Nenna’s Il primo libro de madrigali, 4 vv. The motet Anima miseranda, appeared in 'Ghirlanda sacra scielta da diuersi Eccellentissimi Compositori', an anthology by various authors edited in Venice, 1625.

## Sources, further reading

* Carlo Milanuzzi da Santa Natoglia - Sacred music, Critical Edition by Claudio Dall'Albero, Rugginenti, Milano, 2008.
* Jerome Roche/Roark Miller, Carlo Milanuzzi, in «New Grove Dictionary».
# Marcantonio Negri

Marcantonio Negri (died October 1624) was an Italian composer, singer, and musical director of the early Baroque era. He was in the musical establishment of St. Mark's Basilica in Venice at the same time as Monteverdi, and was well known as a composer at the time.

## Life

He was born in Verona, but aside from this, little is known about his life prior to his appointment as assistant maestro di cappella at St. Mark's on 22 December 1612, a position in which he supported Monteverdi as primary maestro di cappella. His first publication dates from 1608, in Venice, so he had some experience as a composer and singer prior to his arrival at St. Mark's; whether he acquired that experience in Verona, Venice, or elsewhere is not known. After four years at St. Mark's, he became abbot of a monastery at Veglia (now Krk, Croatia), on an island off the coast of Dalmatia, a position which still required his part-time involvement at St. Mark's. He resigned from St. Mark's in 1619, and his position was taken by Alessandro Grandi. Negri died at Veglia.

## Music and influence

His first book of affetti amorosi (1608) is in the most modern canzonetta style, using affective chromaticism and continuo. In 1611 he published another book of affetti amorosi which includes sonatas for two violins and continuo, as well as some sinfonias. Some of these pieces contain "battle music", with the violins imitating trumpet calls and military drums; both Monteverdi and Grandi imitated this style, and Monteverdi possibly learned it from Negri.
Negri also published sacred music, including a book of psalm settings (1613) and a book of spiritual songs (1618), both in Venice. Stylistically they conform to the typical practice of divided choirs and groups of instruments used by the other composers at St. Mark's (see Venetian polychoral style, concertato).
# Giovanni Battista Riccio

Giovanni Battista Riccio (Giambattista Riccio) (late 16th century – after 1621) was a musician and composer of the early Baroque era, resident in Venice, most notable for his development of instrumental forms, particularly utilizing the recorder.

## Life and music

No details are available regarding the early part of his life, but he must have been born in the late sixteenth century.
Records show that he was appointed as organist at the Scuola di San Giovanni Evangelista, Venice, in 1609, when he was the preferred choice over Gabriel Sponga (a nephew of Francesco Usper). He was probably also a violinist.
Riccio is known to have published three books of vocal and instrumental music in Venice. These books include his instrumental works for recorder—unusual for Venetian music at the time, although Giovanni Picchi also wrote for the instrument.
The initial publication date of Riccio's Primo Libro is unknown, but the reprint dating from 1612 survives. The majority of the first book is allotted to vocal works, but in the revised edition two new instrumental canzonas are appended. One is his first known piece for recorder—a canzone for two flautini.
His Secondo Libro, also published in Venice, appeared in 1614.
His Terzo libro delle Divine Lodi published in 1620 and 1621 is the most widely known today. It comprises thirty-six vocal works and a further twelve instrumental pieces mostly described as canzonas. Most feature two main instruments (such as recorder, cornetto, violin, trombone or sometimes contemporary bassoon or dulcian). One canzona entitled La Grimantea con il tremolo is one of the first pieces to make use of the tremolo technique for the 'Flautin e Fagoto' (recorder and bassoon).
Dedications in his works suggest Riccio knew other composers such as Giovanni Picchi, Alessandro Grandi, Giovanni Battista Grillo and Giacomo Finetti. Some of his canzonas quote from larger-scale works by Giovanni Gabrieli.

## Works

* Primo libro delle Divine Lodi (Venice, Revised edition 1612)
* Il secondo libro delle Divine Lodi (Venice, 1614)
* Il terzo libro delle Divine Lodi (Venice, 1620; 1621)
* He may also be the composer of one canzona in Valerio Bona's Otto ordini di litanie (Venice, 1619)
# Giovanni Antonio Rigatti

Giovanni Antonio Rigatti (c. 1613 – 24 October 1648) was an Italian composer and choirmaster of the early Baroque period.
Rigatti received his musical training as a choirboy at St. Mark's Basilica in 1621, as well as in one of the conservatories of Venice. He also received training to become a priest. From September 1635 to March 1637 he was kapellmeister in the Udine Cathedral. In 1639, he worked at the Conservatory of the Ospedale dei Mendicanti in Venice. Rigatti taught also at the Ospedale dei Incurabili without the approval of his superiors, until a Commission dismissed him.
Rigatti published nine volumes of spiritual music (five soloist motets and four Psalms). He also published two books of secular music. He wrote a mass and Psalms in 1640 dedicated to Emperor Ferdinand III.
# Bernard Mainwaring

Bernard Mainwaring (1897–1963) was a British film director.

## Selected filmography

* The Crimson Candle (1934)
* Whispering Tongues (1934)
* Line Engaged (1935)
* Old Roses (1935)
* The Public Life of Henry the Ninth (1935)
* Show Flat (1936)
* Cross My Heart (1937)
* Jennifer Hale (1937)
* Member of the Jury (1937)
* The Villiers Diamond (1938)
# Shahin-e Olya

Shahin-e Olya (Persian: شاهين عليا, also Romanized as Shāhīn-e ‘Olyā; also known as Shāhīn-e Bālā and Kalāt Shahnī) is a village in Soleyman Rural District, Soleyman District, Zaveh County, Razavi Khorasan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 1,297, in 274 families.
# Eiseb

Eiseb, also Eiseb Block, is a settlement in the Omaheke Region of Namibia. It is named after the Eiseb River, an ephemeral river (omuramba) in the Kalahari Desert. Eiseb is situated on the District road D1635 c. 350 kilometres (220 mi) northeast of Tallismanus and belongs to the Otjombinde electoral constituency.
The settlement has been established in 1992 as a place where returning Ovambanderu and Ovaherero refugees from Botswana could settle. From 1994 onwards, Ovambanderu and Ovaherero from other reserved areas, such as Epukiro, Otjinene and Otjombinde moved in and make up the majority of the inhabitants today, making a living from subsistence farming.

## Eiseb-Epukiro River Basin

The area between Eiseb and Epukiro is one of eleven water basins in Namibia. It has a total surface area of 10,665 square kilometres (4,118 sq mi) and borders Botswana in the east, reaches southwards until Gobabis, and covers parts of the Omaheke and Otjozondjupa Regions. The total annual water yield of the basin is 20 million cubic metres (710×10^$^6$ cu ft), mainly ground water.
# Hyaenotherium

Hyaenotherium is an extinct genus of hyena.

## Resources

* ↑ Semenov, Y. (2008). "Taxonomical reappraisal of "ictitheres" (Mammalia, Carnivora) from the Late Miocene of Kenya". Comptes Rendus Palevol. 7 (8): 529. doi:10.1016/j.crpv.2008.09.012.
vteGenera of civets, mongooses, hyenas, cats, and their extinct allies :
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Mammalia
Order: Carnivora :
Feliformia :
Herpestidae :
Hyaenidae :
Feloidea :
* This article related to prehistoric animals from order Carnivora is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
# Love of Life (film)

Love of Life (German: Liebet das Leben) is a 1924 German silent film directed by Georg Asagaroff and starring Georg H. Schnell, Olga Gzovskaya and Helena Makowska.
The film's sets were designed by the art director Willy Reiber. It was shot at the Emelka Studios in Munich.

## Cast

* Georg H. Schnell as Thomas Brey
* Olga Gzovskaya as Allan, dessen Nichte
* Helena Makowska as Lucienne d’Or
* Harry Reve as Boxer Harry
* Vladimir Gajdarov
* Toni Wittels
# Al-Maydān

Al-Maydān (Arabic: الميدان) is an Egyptian independent weekly newspaper published in Arabic. The paper was first published on 16 March 1995. It is part of Al-Maydān, Inc. In 2001, its editor-in-chief, Mohammed Mohammed Al Mursy, was arrested and jailed for taking bribes from a producer to stop the defamation campaign against him published in the paper.
# Upretia squamulosa

Upretia squamulosa is a species of saxicolous (rock-dwelling), squamulose (scaly) lichen in the family Teloschistaceae. It was identified as a new species in 2019 from specimens collected in the arid valley of the Jinsha River in Yunnan, China.

## Taxonomy

The lichen was scientifically described as a new species in 2019 by Yan Yun Zhang and Li Song Wang. The species epithet refers to its squamulose (scaly) thallus. The type specimen of Upretia squamulosa was collected in Yunnan Province, China, specifically in Huize County, Zhehai Town, at an elevation of 1,720 m (5,640 ft).
The genus Upretia is a recent classification within the subfamily Caloplacoideae of the family Teloschistaceae. Molecular phylogenetics placed Upretia squamulosa in a clade close to Upretia. This genus, initially proposed on the basis of specimens collected from India, is closely related to the monotypic genus Ioplaca, found in high elevations in the Himalayas.

## Description

Upretia squamulosa is characterised by its squamulose, epilithic thallus that ranges in colour from greyish green to brown. The squamules are convex, sometimes resembling a bullet shape, with their apex often free from the substrate. This species has lecanorine apothecia, which are pale brown to brown in colour, and polarilocular ascospores. The thallus and apothecia contain gyrophoric and lecanoric acids, but no anthraquinones are found in the apothecia.
The thallus of Upretia squamulosa is saxicolous and squamulose, without an effigurate margin, and can grow up to 7 cm (2.8 in) in diameter. The upper surface is non-pruinose, smooth, and without cracks. The hymenium of the apothecia is colourless and the epihymenium is pale brown. The species does not form pycnidia.

## Habitat and distribution

Upretia squamulosa thrives in arid environments, particularly on rocky substrates, at elevations ranging from 1,240 to 3,160 m (4,070 to 10,370 ft). It has been found exclusively in China's Yunnan Province. The species is adapted to the hot and dry climate of the Jinsha-jiang River valley, which is dominated by shrubs and hosts a variety of crustose and squamulose lichens.
# Isocetus

Isocetus is an extinct genus of baleen whale belonging to the clade Thalassotherii. Remains have been found in middle Miocene marine deposits in Belgium.

## Description

Isocetus was considered a nomen dubium by Steeman (2010) but was treated as a distinct species by Bisconti et al. (2013) based on characters of the mandibular condyle and dentary. A complete thalassothere specimen from Belgium previously assigned to Isocetus depauwi by Abel (1938) is now the holotype of the species Parietobalaena campiniana.
# Gornja Bistrica

Gornja Bistrica (pronounced; Hungarian: Felsőbeszterce) is a village on the left bank of the Mura River in the Municipality of Črenšovci in the Prekmurje region of northeastern Slovenia.
# Qarah Benas

Qarah Benas (Persian: قره بناس, also Romanized as Qarah Benās, Qareh Banās, and Qareh Benās; also known as Gareh Banās and Qaraha Bughaz) is a village in Khezel-e Gharbi Rural District, in the Central District of Kangavar County, Kermanshah Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 292, in 65 families.
# Golo Brdo (Bugojno)

Golo Brdo (Serbian: Голо Брдо) is a village in the municipality of Bugojno, Bosnia and Herzegovina.

## Demographics

According to the 2013 census, its population was 200.
Ethnicity in 2013 :
| Ethnicity | Number | Percentage |
| Bosniaks | 179 | 89.5% |
| Croats | 21 | 10.5% |
| Total | 200 | 100% |
# Ardloughnabrackbaddy

Ardloughnabrackbaddy (Irish: Ard Loch na mBreac Beadaí meaning "high lough of the dainty/saucy trout") is a peak in County Donegal, Ireland, with a height of 603m.

## Geography

It sits above Loughnabrackbaddy (a lake) and is the middle summit and third highest of the "Seven Sisters". The Seven Sisters are part of the Derryveagh range and includes Muckish, Crocknalaragagh, Aghla Beg, Ardloughnabrackbaddy, Aghla More, Mackoght and Errigal.