OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Ahmad Mansour Al-Ahmad Al-Sabah

Ahmad Mansour Al-Ahmad Al-Sabah (Arabic: الشيخ أحمد منصور الأحمد الصباح) (born 1969) is a Kuwaiti politician. He served as Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Defence from 2019 to 2020.

## Biography

* He holds a BA in Supportive Media (Political Science) from the University of Kansas.
* Diploma in Military Sciences from Ali Al-Sabah Military College.
* Intelligence and Security Officer.
* Assistant tank company commander.
* Captain in the Directorate of Military Affairs in the Office of the Minister of Defense (1991-2002).
* Director of the Department of Public Affairs in the Office of the Minister of Defense.
* Director of Contracts and External Procurement Department.
* Assistant Undersecretary for External Equipment.
* Assistant Undersecretary for Administrative Affairs.
* Vice Chairman of the Board of Directors of the National Offset Company, representing the Kuwaiti Ministry of Defense.
* Head of the Medical Services Authority.
* Chairman of the Direct Offset Committee (2003-2013).
* Member of the Board of Directors of the Public Authority for Youth and Sports since 2006.
* Chairman of the Board of Directors, Director General of the Public Authority for Youth and Sports (2014).
* He completed many advanced military courses in Kuwait, the UAE and America.
* Member of the Standing Committee for the Celebration of National Holidays.
* In October 2017, he was appointed Undersecretary of the Ministry of Defense.
* On 17 December 2019, the late Emir Sheikh Sabah Al-Ahmad Al-Jaber Al-Sabah issued a decree to form the government, where he was appointed Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Defense and continued in the position until 14 December 2020.
* On 28 December 2021, Sheikh Mishal Al-Ahmad Al-Jaber Al-Sabah, Crown Prince of the State of Kuwait, issued a decree to form the government, where he was appointed Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Interior, and continued in the position until 17 February 2022, when he submitted his resignation from the position.

## Family Life

Sheikh Ahmed Mansour Al-Sabah is married and has two children:
* Sheikh Mansour Ahmed Al-Mansour Al-Sabah
* Sheikh Abdul Rahman Ahmad Al-Mansour Al-Sabah
# Talnar

Talnar (Persian: تلنار, also Romanized as Talnār; also known as Taknār and Tal Nāz) is a village in Chapakrud Rural District, Gil Khuran District, Juybar County, Mazandaran Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 140, in 38 families.
# Joseph Symonds (pastor)

Joseph Symonds (d. 1652) was an English Pastor and puritan.

## Career

When Joseph Symonds was a young man he was assistant to Thomas Gataker at Rotherhithe. He was appointed rector of St. Martin's Ironmonger-lane, London, in 1632. He was persecuted by Archbishop Laud for adopting the church government views of the Independents. Symonds took refuge in the Netherlands in 1639, where he along with William Bridge and Jeremiah Burroughs was appointed pastor of an English-speaking congregation at Rotterdam.
Symonds returned to England in 1647 and was appointed as a minister in John Goodwin's congregation on 1 March. On the same year he became the vice president and fellow of Eton College which office he held until his death in 1652.
# Royal Consort Sugui Shin

Royal Consort Sug-ui of the Geochang Shin clan (Korean: 숙의 신씨; Hanja: 淑儀 愼氏; 1436–1476) was a concubine of Crown Prince Yi Jang, the eldest son of King Sejo of Joseon.

## Biography

The future Royal Consort Sug-ui was born in 1436 as the eldest daughter and child of Shin Seon-gyeong and Lady Han of the Cheongju Han clan. She had five younger siblings; three sisters and two brothers.
Through her maternal grandfather, she was a second cousin to Han Myeong-hoe, and second cousins once removed to Queen Jangsun and Queen Gonghye as they shared Han Su (한수; 韓脩; 1333–1384) as their great-great-grandfather.
On August 23, 1456 (lunar calendar), she was selected to become the concubine of Crown Prince Uigyeong and was granted the title Consort So-hun (junior 5th rank concubine of the Crown Prince; 소훈, 昭訓). She entered the palace on that same year.
In 1457, the Crown Prince passed away and left no issue with the consort.
When her husband was honored as King, Lady Shin was promoted to the 2nd junior rank concubine of the King (숙의; 淑儀) as Royal Consort Sug-ui.
She died on May 16, 1476 (lunar calendar), during the 7th year of King Seongjong's reign.

## Family

* Father: Shin Seon-gyeong (신선경; 慎先庚; 1418–1488)
** Grandfather: Shin Gi (신기; 愼幾; 1392–1493)
** Grandmother: Lady Hong of the Namyang Hong clan (남양(당)홍씨; 1390–?)
* Mother: Lady Han of the Cheongju Han clan (청주 한씨; 1424–?)
** Grandfather: Han Hye (한혜; 韓惠; 1403–1431)
** Grandmother: Lady Yi of the Seongju Yi clan (증 정경부인 성주 이씨; 1396–?); youngest daughter of Yi Su (이수; 李穗; 1364–?)
* Husband: Yi Jang, King Deokjong (조선 덕종; 3 October 1438 – 20 September 1457) — No issue.
** Father-in-law: King Sejo of Joseon (조선 세조; 2 November 1417 – 23 September 1468)
** Mother-in-law: Queen Jeonghui of the Paepyeong Yun clan (정희왕후 윤씨; 8 December 1418 – 6 May 1483)
# Joseph Allard

Joseph Allard (December 31, 1910 – May 3, 1991) was a professor of saxophone and clarinet at the Juilliard School, the New England Conservatory, and the Manhattan School of Music. He also held adjunct positions at many other schools. He succeeded Vincent J. Abato as the saxophone instructor at Juilliard in 1956 and held that position until the end of the 1983–84 school year. Allard was the first saxophonist with the NBC staff orchestra in New York City, and played on "Firestone Hour" and "Bell Telephone Hour" on TV and radio. He played with Red Nichols and the Five Pennies, played for a brief period with Red Norvo's orchestra, was the saxophone section coach for the Glenn Miller Orchestra and the Benny Goodman Orchestra, and played bass clarinet in the NBC Symphony Orchestra under Arturo Toscanini from 1949-54. He was a native of Lowell, MA.
Allard studied clarinet under Gaston Hamelin of the Boston Symphony and saxophone under Lyle Bowen, and taught many famous students, including Michael Brecker, Eddie Daniels, Bob Berg, Dave Tofani, Dave Liebman, Paul Winter, Jordan Penkower, Victor Morosco, Eric Dolphy, Harvey Pittel, Col Loughnan, Paul Cohen, Anders Paulsson, Harry Carney and Kenneth Radnofsky.
# Méhkerék

Méhkerék (Romanian: Micherechi) is a village in Békés County, in the Southern Great Plain region of south-east Hungary.

## History

The village was first mentioned in written sources in 1359. The origin of the village's name may be drawn from the original occupation of its inhabitants (méh means "bee" in Hungarian). The population fled the area after the Ottoman conquest. Romanians settled in the area during the 18th century, with the first Romanian Orthodox church being built in 1770. The first primary school was opened in 1815.

## Geography

Méhkerék covers an area of 25.86 km$^2$ (9.98 sq mi) and has a population of 2,085 people (2015). Most of the residents, being Romanians, speak Romanian as their mother tongue.

## Sport

The association football club, Méhkeréki SE, is based in the town.

## Notable people

* Maria Berényi (born 1959), historian and poet of the Romanian minority in Hungary
# L. Macon Epps

Luther Macon Epps (January 16, 1920 – August 30, 2012) was an American engineer, inventor, author and poet. He studied Aeronautical Engineering at North Carolina State University, graduating in 1940. As an engineer and manager he worked for the Grumman Aerospace Corporation for 37 years. Most notably he worked on the Apollo Lunar Module as the Assistant Program Manager, but he also had other positions. As an inventor he received a patent in 1978 for a "combined water heater and sauna room heater device". He was a lifelong member of the Rotary International. After his retirement, Epps founded the I-Cubed Corporation, which specialized in new innovations and part-time jobs for other retired engineers. Just a few days before his death, he ended second place in a writing contest in the retirement community University Village Thousand Oaks.
# Çardaklı, Hasankeyf

Çardaklı (Kurdish: Gundê Kola) is a village in the Hasankeyf District of Batman Province in Turkey. The village is populated by Kurds of the Reman tribe and had a population of 81 in 2021.
# Al-Masajid, Sanaa

Al-Masajid (Arabic: المساجد al-Masājid) is a village in Bani Matar District of Sanaa Governorate, Yemen.

## History

The earliest known reference to al-Masajid is in 859 (245 AH), in the Ghayat al-amani of Yahya ibn al-Husayn, in connection with the destruction of the Rayʽan dam. The same work also records a battle taking place at al-Masajid in 1617 (1026 AH). It describes al-Masajid as a source of waters reaching the Wadi Zahr.
# Padmanabha

Padmanabha (Sanskrit: पद्मनाभ, romanized: Padmanābha, lit. 'the one with the lotus navel') is an epithet of the Hindu deity Vishnu. It may refer to:

## Places

* Padmanabhaswamy Temple, in Trivandrum, Kerala, India
* Padmanabhapuram, a town in Kanyakumari district, Tamil Nadu, India
* Anantha Padmanabha Swamy Temple, in Vikarabad, Andhra Pradesh, India
* Padmanabhanagar, a neighborhood in Bangalore, Karnataka, India
** Padmanaba Nagar Assembly constituency

## Religion

* One of the Thousand Names of Lord Vishnu in the Sanskrit hymn Vishnu Sahasranama
** Padmanabha Swamy, the presiding deity at the Padmanabhaswamy Temple in Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
* Padmanabha, in the Jain tradition, the future reincarnation of Bimbisara, King of Magadha

## Other

* Padmanābha (poet), 15th century Indian poet
* Padmanabhan, an Indian male given name
# Sokkan, Fereydunshahr

Sokkan (Persian: سكان, also Romanized as Sokkān and Sakān; also known as Sakun, Seh Gāneh, Sokāneh, and Sokūn) is a village in Pishkuh-e Mugui Rural District, in the Central District of Fereydunshahr County, Isfahan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 162, in 35 families.
# Gaston Hamelin

Gaston Hamelin (27 May 1884 – 8 September 1951) was a French clarinetist and teacher.
Born in Saint-Georges-sur-Baulche, Hamelin won the first prize for clarinet at the Paris Conservatory in 1904 under professor Charles Turban. He was a noted soloist, becoming the first to perform the Première rhapsodie for clarinet by Claude Debussy in 1919; he is also believed to be the first to record that work. Hamelin moved to the United States in 1926 to assume the seat of principal clarinetist for the Boston Symphony Orchestra. He performed with that group from 1926 to 1932, but was reportedly not offered a contract renewal because conductor Serge Koussevitzky disapproved of his practice of playing on a metal Selmer instrument instead of one made of the more traditional grenadilla wood. One anecdote about his dismissal records that he responded to praise on his performance in a rehearsal by waving his instrument in the air, which "enraged" Koussevitzky.
In the early 1930s Hamelin returned to France, where he was active as a soloist and private teacher. He published his Scale and Exercise Book in Paris. His pedagogical approach was notable for advocating a double-lip embouchure, which was less common than the single-lip variety but was credited with reduced biting and increased fluidity of tone. His students included Rosario Mazzeo, Joseph Allard and Ralph McLane. He is known as a founder of the "American" school of clarinet and is credited with having a significant influence on the development of performance practice in the United States.
His son Armand Hamelin, born 1907, played bass clarinet in the Boston Symphony for the last two years of his father's tenure there.
# Europa (2021 film)

Europa (Arabic: أوروبا, romanized: ʾAwrūbā) is a 2021 Iraqi-Kuwaiti drama film directed by Haider Rashid. It was selected as the Iraqi entry for the Best International Feature Film at the 94th Academy Awards.

## Cast

* Adam Ali as Kamal
* Erfan Rashid as Erfan
* Gassid Mohammed as Gassid
* Svetlana Yancheva as Woman
* Mohamed Zouaoui as Trafficker
# Jessie Slater

Jessie Mabel Wilkins Slater (24 February 1879 – 25 December 1961) was an English nuclear physicist who worked as a radiologist at a military hospital in World War I and served as the first woman mayor of Hampstead.

## Life

Slater was born in Hampstead on 24 February 1879 to John Slater and his wife Mary, née Wilkins. She had two sisters, including geologist Ida Slater.
She studied at Newnham College, Cambridge from 1899 to 1903, and then received a Bathurst studentship to continue her studies in 1903–5. She worked on thorium at the Cavendish Laboratory under J. J. Thomson. She established that the decay products of thorium volatised at different temperatures, and showed that thorium and radium emanations emitted delta rays.
She received her BSc in chemistry from the University of London in 1902, as Cambridge was not awarding degrees to women at the time, and was one of the first women to receive a doctorate in science at the University of London in 1906.
After teaching at Cheltenham Ladies' College from 1909 to 1913, she returned to Newnham as a lecturer in physic and chemistry from 1914 to 1926.
During World War I she worked part-time as a nurse. In 1918, she worked as a radiologist at a British military hospital in France.
In June 1926, she married Harold Baily. She served on school care committees and on the Council of Unitarian and Free Christian Churches. She served two terms as mayor of Hampstead in 1930–1 and 1931–2.
She died on 25 December 1961.

## Publications

* Slater, J.M.W. (1905). "LIX. On the excited activity of thorium". The London, Edinburgh, and Dublin Philosophical Magazine and Journal of Science. 9 (53): 628–644. doi:10.1080/14786440509463314. ISSN 1941-5982.
* Slater, J.M.W. (1905). "LIII. On the emission of negative electricity by radium and thorium emanations". The London, Edinburgh, and Dublin Philosophical Magazine and Journal of Science. 10 (58): 460–466. doi:10.1080/14786440509463393. ISSN 1941-5982.
# Ziri, Kerman

Ziri (Persian: زيري, also Romanized as Zīrī) is a village in Nakhlestan Rural District, in the Central District of Kahnuj County, Kerman Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 710, in 170 families.
# Frank Bury

Frank James Lindsay Bury (1910 – 11 July 1944) was a British composer. He studied music at Cambridge University and attended the Royal College of Music, where he was a student of Malcolm Sargent and Gordon Jacob. Bury also studied under Bruno Walter.
Bury was the founder of the Ludlow Choral Society. He was killed in July 1944 while serving as a commando during the Normandy airborne landings.
Among his works is a Prelude and Fugue in E flat for two pianos.
# Teymurabad, Golestan

Teymurabad (Persian: تيموراباد, also Romanized as Teymūrābād) is a village in Qoroq Rural District, Baharan District, Gorgan County, Golestan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 300, in 71 families.
# Vanashimakhi, Sergokalinsky District, Republic of Dagestan

Vanashimakhi (Russian: Ванашимахи; Dargwa: Ванашимахьи) is a rural locality (a selo) and the administrative centre of Vanashimakhinskoye Rural Settlement, Sergokalinsky District, Republic of Dagestan, Russia. Population: 813 (2021 Census); 1,025 (2002 Census); 550 (1989 Soviet census).

## Geography

Vanashimakhi is located 7 km southwest of Sergokala (the district's administrative centre) by road. Ayalizimakhi and Degva are the nearest rural localities.

## Nationalities

Dargins live there.

## Famous residents

* Rashid Rashidov (People's poet of Dagestan)
* Avadzi Omarov (Chairman of the Supreme Court of the DASSR)
# Yathrib, Iraq

Yathrib (Arabic: ناحية يثرب.), also transliterated Yethrib is a city in the Salah ad Din Governorate, Iraq, 45 kilometres (28 mi) directly north of the national capital, Baghdad. It is in the so-called Sunni Triangle. The city is located right on the Tigris River. With the nearby cities and towns of Dhululiyah, Balad, Ishaqi, Dojama, Tarmiyah, and Taji it forms the northern Baghdad "belt" and sits along two highways that run between Samarra and the capital city Baghdad.

## Iraq Insurgency 2014-present

ISIL forces captured the city and region, with Iraqi troops fighting to recover the area. Iran and Kata'ib Hezbollah employed ground forces to assist the Iraqi Army with ISIL releasing photos including one of a dead Hezbollah fighter. The US and allied countries have bombed in and around Yathrib during the 2014 American-led intervention in Iraq.

## Relationship to Medina

Yathrib is the pre-Islamic name for the holy city of Medina.
# Prioria balsamifera

Prioria balsamifera, the agba or tola, is a tall forest tree in the family Fabaceae. It is native to lowland tropical rainforest in west Africa, from Nigeria southwards to the Congo Basin in Angola, Cameroon, Republic of the Congo, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, scattered or in local pockets, favouring deep soil and plenty of moisture. It is threatened by habitat loss and over-cutting for timber.
It is a large to very large tree growing to 60 m tall, with a trunk 70–180 cm diameter with resinous bark. The leaves are pinnate, with 6–10 alternately-arranged leaflets 4–9 cm long and 2–4 cm broad. The flowers are small, with four (rarely five) white sepals 2 mm long and no petals; they are produced in panicles. The pod is 10–14 cm long and 3.5–4.5 cm broad, superficially resembling a maple samara with a single 2–3 cm seed at one end, with the rest of the pod modified into a wing. It has a high spruce gum content.
Other names for this tree are achi, egba, emongi (Nigeria), tola blanc (Congo-Brazzaville), tola branca (Angola), N'Tola (Zaire).
# Kerry Sieh

Kerry E. Sieh is an American geologist and seismologist.
Sieh's principal research interest is earthquake geology, which uses geological layers and landforms to understand the geometries of active faults, the earthquakes they generate, and the crustal structure their movements produce. His early work on the San Andreas Fault led to the discovery of how often and how regularly it produces large earthquakes in southern California.
Sieh received his undergraduate degree in geology from the University of California, Riverside in 1972 and his Ph.D. degree in geology from Stanford University in 1977. He was a professor of geology at the California Institute of Technology from 1986 to 2009. Soon after joining Caltech, Sieh was recognized by the Los Angeles Times as a "Rising Star" in Southern California in 1988. Sieh is a member of the United States National Academy of Sciences (since 1999).
In 2009, Sieh became the director of Nanyang Technological University's Earth Observatory. He is the first holder of the AXA-NTU Chair on Natural Hazards in Southeast Asia established in 2012.

## Awards and honors

* Harry Fielding Reid Medal, 2014
* LGBTQ Scientist of the Year Award, National Organization of Gay and Lesbian Scientists and Technical Professionals, 2006
* Fellow, American Geophysical Union, 2001
* National Academy of Sciences, member, 1999
* Fellow, Geological Society of America, 1996
* National Academy of Sciences Award for Initiatives in Research, 1982
* E.B. Burwell Jr., Memorial Award of the Engineering Geology Division, Geological Society of America, 1980

## Publications

* "Geology of Earthquakes" with Robert S. Yeats and Clarence R. Allen. Oxford University Press (1997) ISBN 0-19-507827-6
* "The Earth in Turmoil: Earthquakes and Volcanos and Their Impact on Humankind" with Simon LeVay. W. H. Freeman & Sons (1998) ISBN 0-7167-3151-7
* "Living on an Active Earth: Perspectives on Earthquake Science" as part of the Committee on the Science of Earthquakes, National Research Council. National Academies Press (2003) ISBN 0-309-06562-3
# Abdulrahman Akkari

Abdulrahman Akkari (born 3 March 1984) is a Syrian former footballer who played as a striker.

## Career

He began his career with Syrian Premier League club Al-Karamah, scoring his first competitive goal in a 2–1 win at Al-Qardaha on 25 May 2004. The following season, he scored a hat-trick in a 5–1 win at Al-Shorta on 21 May 2005. He won the Syrian Premier League championship with Al-Karamah in May 2006, having finished as runner-up in the previous two seasons. Akkari scored a hat-trick in the match that secured the title for his team, a 4–1 win against Al-Jehad. Later that year, he helped the club reach the final of the AFC Champions League for the first time. Al-Karamah were defeated 3–2 on aggregate in the final by Jeonbuk Hyundai Motors of the K-League. Akkari was dropped for the first leg of the final before coming on as a late substitute in the second leg.
# Blue screen

Blue screen, Blue Screen or bluescreen may refer to:
* Chroma key or blue-screen compositing, a technique for combining two still images or video frames
* Blue screen of death, a fatal system error screen in Microsoft Windows
* Blue–white screen, an assay useful in biotechnology
* Blue Screen (novel), a 2006 novel by Robert B. Parker
* Bluescreen , a 2016 novel by Dan Wells
# Nothocyon

Nothocyon ("spurious dog") is an extinct genus of carnivoran in the family Subparictidae which inhabited North America during the late Oligocene. At one time, many species of the dog family Canidae were placed in Nothocyon, but new fossils showed that the type species of Nothocyon, N. geismarianus, is more closely related to bears. The other species have been reassigned to other genera such as Cormocyon.

## Taxonomy & Evolution

The species Canis geismarianus was originally described by Edward Drinker Cope in 1878, based on a jaw fragment with a single m1 that came from the John Day Formation in Oregon. The specific epithet geismarianus was given in honor of the naturalist Jacob Geismar. He assigned further material to the species and reassigned it to the genus Galecynus in 1881, and described yet more material in 1883, which became the focus in studies on the species. In 1884, Cope re-illustrated most of the material assigned to N. geismarianus and established the original material described, AMNH 6884, as the holotype, though he did not illustrate it. He later reassigned the species once again, this time to the genus Cynodictis.
It was considered a borophagine canid and was assigned to a new genus Nothocyon by Wortman and Matthew in 1899, along with two other small canid species from the John Day Formation (N. latidens and N. lemur, which had both been previously assigned to the genera Galecynus and then Cynodictis) and two living species from South America (N. urostictus and N. parvidens, both formerly assigned to the genus Canis, and now considered synonyms of Lycalopex vetulus). Yet another species, Nothocyon regulus, was described in 1962.
However, in 1992, a thorough re-description of the holotype was published by Wang & Tedford, who matched it with associated upper and lower teeth from the same locality, and re-assigned the 1881 and 1883 canid material to the species Cormocyon copei, and placing Nothocyon geismarianus as a stem arctoid. A further study in 1999 reassigned Nothocyon lemur and N. roii to Cynarctoides, N. latidens and N. annectens to Phlaocyon, N. regulus as a synonym of Desmocyon thomsoni. Another two species assigned at one time to Nothocyon, "N." gregorii and "N." vulpinus, and the variant N. geismarianus var mollis, have been reassigned to the genus Leptocyon.
The genus Nothocyon was assigned to the family Subparictidae in 2023.

## Paleobiology

N. geismarianus is known from localities dating back to the Late Arikareean and possibly the early Hemingfordian of Oregon.
# Vandish

Vandish (Persian: ونديش, also Romanized as Vandīsh) is a village in Baharestan Rural District, in the Central District of Nain County, Isfahan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 121, in 41 families.