OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Kurdish Mastiff

The Kurdish Mastiff, Assyrian Shepherd, or Pshdar dog (Kurdish: سەگی پشدەری) is a dog landrace native to the mountainous Kurdistan Region in Iraq, especially the Pshdar region in Sulaymaniyah Governorate. This dog is often used as a livestock guardian against predators and number around a few thousand heads. They have been compared to the Kangal Dog and the Akbash.

## Description

The weight of the adult dogs increases with age and can reach 80 kg. The average is at 73.50 kg reaching from 67 kg in Sangasar to 80 kg in Qira Diza. The average body length is about 75 cm with the back length of aged dogs reaching over 88 cm.

## History

In 1892, John Paul Dudley published a medical treatise on dogs and mentioned the Kurdish Mastiff:
   In Kurdistan in northern Asia Minor, and that region of Asia, there is a dog much resembling the English Mastiff, which is the constant companion and friend of the Kurd — a shepherd and watch dog partaking much of the character of his half - barbarous master, and will not well bear a change of country and associations. Nothing owned by the Kurd is valued more highly than this fierce and powerful animal, which is to a great extent treated as sacred, at least so far as the hand of a stranger is concerned. In color the Kurdish Mastiff is mainly tawny; has tail long, and head large, and his body is tall, ponderous, and well proportioned".
# Hamlet Gurbanov

Hamlet Aghadadash oghlu Gurbanov (Azerbaijani: Hamlet Ağadadaş oğlu Qurbanov; 1938 – 1995) was a Soviet-Azerbaijani theater and film actor. He had received the honorary title of the Honored Artist of the Azerbaijani SSR in 1982.

## Early life

Hamlet Aghadadash oglu Gurbanov was born on 13 October 1938, in Baku, capital of the Azerbaijani SSR, which was then part of the Soviet Union. His father, Aghadadash Gurbanov, was an actor, and his mother, Gulkhar Hasanova, was an opera singer. Gurbanov was named after the protagonist of Shakespeare's Hamlet. Later, he entered the acting department of the Azerbaijan State Institute of Arts, from which he graduated in 1961.

## Career

Hamlet Gurbanov played various roles on the stage of the Azerbaijan Drama Theater from 1961 to 1992. One of his first roles in the theater was the role of Asker in Samad Vurgun's Vagif.
In big screen, he played roles such as Abdulali Bey in Sevil, Kipchak Malik in Dada Gorgud, Chairman in Our grandfather's grandfather's grandfather, Demirov in Jinn in The Microdistrict, Mirbagir Agha in Hello from the Other World, Sadikhov in the Atayevs, Ildrym Bayazid in the Topal Teymur and others.

## Death

Gurbanov was diagnosed with cancer and died on 16 November 1995, in Baku, the capital of Azerbaijan.
# Francis Taylor, Baron Taylor of Hadfield

Francis Taylor, Baron Taylor of Hadfield (7 January 1905 – 15 February 1995) was an English businessman who founded Taylor Woodrow, a leading international contractor and developer.

## Career

He was born in Hadfield, near Glossop in Derbyshire in 1905. By the age of 11, he was operating his father's fruit business. The family moved to Blackpool where at the age of 16, with help from his father and a bank, he spent £400 developing two houses which he sold at a substantial profit (£1000 each). This was the beginning of the business which Frank Taylor founded, to which his uncle Jack Woodrow also lent his name, now known as Taylor Woodrow.
In 1974, he was given a knighthood. In 1979, he resigned as managing director and became life president. He was created a Life Peer on 27 January 1983 as Baron Taylor of Hadfield, of Hadfield in the County of Derbyshire.
Lord Taylor of Hadfield continued to hold the position of Life President until his death on 15 February 1995. He died while visiting Taylor Woodrow's 3,500-home flagship development, The Meadows, in Sarasota, Florida.

## Family

Taylor's second wife, Christine, who was also involved with Taylor Woodrow, lived with her daughter Sarah Melville until she died in 2011.
# Bastards (2006 film)

Bastards (Russian: Сволочи, romanized: Svolochi) is a 2006 Russian coming-of-age war film.

## Synopsis

In the Soviet Union, 1943, a group of teenage convicts are secretly trained for a guerrilla mission to stop the actions of a German army group called "Edelweiss".

## Plot summary

The story is set in the Soviet Union during the Second World War in the year 1943. Colonel Vishnevetskiy is released from prison to organize a school of military training for saboteurs. Students,14–15 years old criminals, come from prisons and correction colonies. After harsh training they are sent to destroy a German oil depot deep in the Carpathian mountains.

## Controversy

The film's release caused massive controversy in Russia, where some deemed it "state-supported anti-Soviet propaganda". The plot for the film, written by Kunin, involved a story of teenagers with a criminal background who were caught by the NKVD during the Great Patriotic war, then trained as saboteurs in special schools and thrown into the German countryside to face a certain death.
After the film was shown in Russia, the Federal Security Service responded with a press-release, stating that archives of security services of Russia and Kazakhstan do not have any documents confirming the existence of "kid saboteur schools", and that there are no archive documents about missions to send saboteur groups consisting of teenagers into the adversary's rear. Although they did state that there are archive documents evidencing the use of kids in saboteur purposes by special services of Nazi Germany.
While the advertising campaign of the film claimed it was based on real accounts, after the controversy arose both the writer and the director confessed the plot was mere fiction.
While the film won the MTV Movie Awards, Russia for 2007, the famous director Vladimir Menshov refused to hand over the award:
   Mr Menshov gasped as he read the contents of the envelope, looked up and said: "I'm not going to hand over an award to a film that discredits my country, let Pamela Anderson (another of the evening's presenters) do it instead".
   He then turned, dropped the envelope and stalked offstage, refusing to comment further. MTV Russia broadcast the ceremony live.
Dmitry Puchkov commented on the film making:
   The sum of 700,000 USD was immediately released by the state to shoot this ideological carrion. The Minister of Culture Shvydkoy claimed that "the artist has a right to fiction". Certainly, that's excellent. It's only unclear, why on earth the artist has the right to shit on heads of his compatriots for the money of those citizens, that were paid as taxes and spent to shot the film Svolochi.
Puchkov also sarcastically commented on the information that Russian school students were obligated to watch this film: "Have our children to know the history of the country? Well, now they know it: if anything happens, they would be caught and sent to face certain death."
# Kuty settlement hromada

Kuty settlement territorial hromada (Ukrainian: Кутська селищна територіальна громада, romanized: Kutska selyshchna terytorialna hromada) is a hromada of Ukraine, located in Kosiv Raion within Ivano-Frankivsk Oblast. Its administrative centre is Kuty.
Kuty settlement hromada has an area of 113.5 km$^2$ (43.8 sq mi). It has a population of 16,832 (as of 2023).

## Composition

In addition to one rural settlement (Kuty), the hromada includes six villages:
* Malyi Rozhyn [uk]
* Roztoky [uk]
* Slobidka [uk]
* Stari Kuty [uk]
* Tiudiv [uk]
* Velykyi Rozhyn [uk]
# Maxim Kononenko

Maksim Vitalievich Kononenko (Russian: Максим Витальевич Кононенко; 13 March 1971 – 14 May 2024) was a Russian journalist, writer and television show host.
Kononenko was also a political activist and a member of the council of the party Civilian Power.

## Biography

Kononenko was born in Apatity, USSR. He graduated from Moscow State Institute of Radio-engineering Electronics and Automation and also studied at Maxim Gorky Literature Institute. He authored or participated in numerous Internet projects and was known under the nickname Mr. Parker. For nearly ten years, he worked as the leading programmer in ParallelGraphics.
Kononenko participated in the 2005 Moscow City Duma elections but failed.
Until 2009, he worked as editor-in-chief of a major Internet news website Dni.ru. He was also editor-in-chief of Bourgeois Journal and the political newspaper Re:Action until his death.
In 2002, he founded a popular website vladimir.vladimirovich.ru, which contains humorous fake stories from the life of Vladimir Putin based on real events and current news.
Kononenko often appeared on Russian television and hosted a show Real Politics on NTV channel.
In February 2008, the administration of LiveJournal froze the blog that Kononenko had been running for seven years for publishing an opinion that the UK should be bombed.
In 2011, he repeatedly spoke favorably about 'doghunters' — representatives of the emerging subculture engaged in the destruction of packs of stray dogs.
In December 2011, the website of the newspaper Vzglyad published an author's column by Kononenko, in which he criticized the organizers and participants of the rallies against election fraud.
Kononenko died in Moscow on 14 May 2024, at the age of 53, reportedly from severe bleeding due to esophageal varices, a condition normally caused by cirrhosis.

## Awards

* Teneta Literary Award (1st prize, 1995)
* Computer programmer of the year and Person of the year (ROTOR, 2000)
* Internet Writer of the Year (2003, 2004)
# Vignjević

Vignjević (Serbian: Вигњевић) is a Serbian surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Milan Vignjević (born 1989), Serbian football player
* Nebojša Vignjević (born 1968), Serbian footballer and manager
* Nikola Vignjević (born 1971), Serbian footballer and coach
# Marochkovo

Marochkovo (Russian: Марочково) is a rural locality (a village) in Nagornoye Rural Settlement, Petushinsky District, Vladimir Oblast, Russia. The population was 13 as of 2010.

## Geography

Marochkovo is located 16 km west of Petushki (the district's administrative centre) by road. Yemelyantsevo is the nearest rural locality.
# Alwi Shahab

Alwi Shahab (Arabic: علوي شهاب, romanized: ʻAlwī Šihāb; August 31, 1936 – September 17, 2020) was an Indonesian journalist for more than 40 years who mainly focused on Jakarta's socio-cultural problems. His career began in 1960 as a journalist at the Arabian Press Board news agency in Jakarta.
In addition to journalism, Alwi also wrote essays which were compiled at least into 11 books from 2001 to 2013. Most of his books were published by Republika, where he worked since 1993. Subjects of his articles include the history of culture in Jakarta.

## Early life and family

Alwi was born in Kwitang and was the oldest son of Saleh and Salma of Yemeni descent. His siblings were Latifah, Ali Shahab, Ahmad and Nur. He was also a maternal great grandson of Habib Ali bin Abdurrahman al-Habsyi of Kwitang from his granddaughter Salma, the daughter of Maria Van Engels.
Alwi Shahab had six children from his marriage to Sjarifah Maryam Binti Abdullah Shahab: Yusuf Reza Shahab, Luli Mas'ad Shahab, Vera Farida Shahab, Viga Rogaya Shahab, Abdullah Shahab, and Fetty Fatimah Shahab.

## Career

His career began in 1960 as a journalist at the Arabian Press Board news agency in Jakarta. Then in August 1963, he worked in the Antara News Agency. He has done various types of coverage when in Antara, ranging from city reporters, parliamentary police, to the economic field. In addition, for nine years (1969–1978), he had also been a Palace reporter. Alwi retired in Antara in 1993, and later joined Republika.
During his time as a journalist, Alwi Shahab often did coverage abroad. Like in 1983, he visited the Malaysia–Thailand border covering the operation to crush the Communist movement by the Malaysian Army.

## Health

Alwi Shahab was diabetic since the age of 40. He died on 17 September 2020 at his home after a short period of pneumonia.

## Publications

* Robin Hood Betawi (2001) [Robin Hood of Betawi], published by Republika
* Betawi: Queen of the East (2002), published by Republika
* Saudagar Baghdad dari Betawi (2004) [Merchant of Baghdad from Betawi], published by Republika
* Maria van Engel: Menantu Habib Kwitang (2006) [Maria van Engel: Son-in-law of Habib Kwitang], published by Republika
* Oey Tambahsia Playboy Betawi (2007) [Oey Tambahsia, the Playboy of Betawi], published by Lentera
* Ciliwung: Venesia dari Timur (2007) [Ciliwung: Venesia from East], published by Lentera
* Hukum Pancung di Batavia (2007) [Pancung Law in Batavia], published by Lentera
* Kasino Bernama Kepulauan Seribu (2007) [Casino Named Thousand Islands], published by Lentera
* Batavia Kota Banjir (2009) [Batavia, the City of Floods], published by Republika
* Batavia Kota Hantu (2010) [Batavia, the City of Ghost], published by Republika
* Waktu Belanda Mabuk Lahirlah Batavia (2013) [When the Dutch were Drunk, Batavia was Born], published by Republika

## Awards

* Anugerah Budaya 2009, by the Government of Jakarta Capital Special Region through the Governor of Jakarta (December 17, 2009)
* Press Card Number One, by central committee of National Press Day (February 9, 2011)
* The Most Inspiring Print Media Rubric, by Dompet Dhuafa Republika (July 10, 2012)
# Giuseppe Zamponi

Giuseppe Zamponi also Gioseffo Zamponi (or Zamboni, Samponi, c.1615 – February 1662) was an Italian composer best remembered for his opera Ulisse all'isola di Circe performed in Brussels in 1650, which was the first opera performed in the low countries, at the time part of the Spanish ruled Southern Netherlands.
Zamponi was born in Rome, and was the organist at Nostra Signora del Sacro Cuore, then known as San Giacomo degli Spagnoli, in Rome's Piazza Navona, from 1629 to 1638, substituting for Paolo Tarditi (c.1580-1661). From 1638 to 1647 he was in the service of cardinal Pietro Maria Borghese (1599-1642). In 1648 he left Italy to join the court in Brussels of Archduke Leopold Wilhelm of Austria, who was governor of the Southern Netherlands on behalf of the King of Spain. He was appointed maestro di cappella in 1648, and died in 1662Brussels.
Ulisse all'isola di Circe was performed on 24 February 1650 in celebration of the October 1649 wedding of Philip IV of Spain and Mariana of Austria. It was staged again in 1655 at the occasion of the visit of Queen Christina from Sweden.

## Works, editions and recordings

* Dies irae per 5 voci e 3 strumenti
* Sonata per violino, viola da gamba e basso continuo
* Sonata per violino, viola e basso continuo
* Sonata per 2 violini e basso continuo
* Capriccio
* 2 arie
* Opera Ulisse all'isola di Circe. - Recording Leonardo García Alarcón 2012
# Doctoral hat

A doctoral hat (Finnish: tohtorinhattu, Swedish: doktorshatt) is a major part of Nordic academic dress of Ph.D. recipients in Finland and Sweden and differs from the square academic cap found in other parts of the world. It is a silken top hat with a straight brim, although the hats of Finnish Doctors of Science (Technology) have an up-turned brim. Generally the colour of the hat is black, although a few faculties use coloured doctoral hats. On the front, the hat has a gold-coloured metallic emblem of the granting university or faculty. The hat is awarded in a solemn graduation ceremony.

## Features

The basic colour of the hat is black. However, in Finland, other colors are found, as follows:
* Doctors of Fine Arts use dark blue;
* Doctors of Law use crimson;
* Doctors of Medicine and Dentistry use dark green;
* Doctors of Military Science use grey;
* Doctors of Music use sky blue;
* Doctors of Theology use purple.
Swedish doctoral hats are always black.

## Obtainment and use

Doctoral hats are handmade, with the owner's head measured using a device called a conformateur. The hat rests on the top of the head. The typical price for the doctoral hat is around 500 euros.
A doctoral hat is always worn in lieu of a top hat with the white-tie style of formal dress. In practice, the hat is mostly worn on academic occasions, such as opening ceremonies, commencement, and disputations. In the disputations, the supervising professor and the opponent carry their hats but do not wear them. During disputations, the hats rest on the table with the university emblems towards the audience.
A doctoral hat is personal and is usually not lent to others. Along with the doctoral sword (found in Finland only, and not in all faculties), doctoral bulawa (found in Ukraine and Poland), doctoral tailcoat facings (in certain universities / for certain degrees, e.g., for the degree of Doctor of Science in Technology at Aalto University Archived 2014-09-12 at the Wayback Machine), doctoral Bibles (in theological faculties), and doctoral rings (in Sweden), it forms part of the doctoral academic regalia.
The hat is usually stored in a specially made storage box
The award of such a hat was a prominent part of Ingmar Bergman's 1957 film Wild Strawberries.
# Yevgeni Karev

Yevgeni Viktorovich Karev (Russian: Евгений Викторович Карев; born 19 April 1985) is a former Russian professional footballer.

## Club career

He made his debut for FC Shinnik Yaroslavl on 3 July 2004 in an Intertoto Cup game against FK Teplice. He made two more appearances in that Intertoto Cup. He also appeared for Shinnik on 31 July 2004 in a Russian Cup game against FC SKA-Energiya Khabarovsk.
He played in the Russian Football National League for FC Spartak Chelyabinsk in 2005.
# Yam, Alexandrovsky District, Vladimir Oblast

Yam (Russian: Ям) is a rural locality (a village) in Krasnoplamenskoye Rural Settlement, Alexandrovsky District, Vladimir Oblast, Russia. The population was 15 as of 2010. There is 1 street.

## Geography

The village is located 12 km north from Krasnoye Plamya, 37 km north-west from Alexandrov.
# Abdolabad, Bardaskan

Abdolabad (Persian: عبدل اباد, also Romanized as ‘Abdolābād; also known as ‘Abdollāhābād) is a village in Jolgeh Rural District Rural District, Shahrabad District, Bardaskan County, Razavi Khorasan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 181, in 49 families.
# Antony Pogorelsky

Alexey Alexeyevich Perovsky (Russian: Алексе́й Алексе́евич Перо́вский; 1787 – July 21 [O.S. July 9] 1836), known by his pen name Antony Pogorelsky (Russian: Анто́ний Погоре́льский), was a Russian prose writer.
He was a natural son of A.K. Razumovsky and an uncle of Aleksey Konstantinovich Tolstoy, also a well-known man of letters.
During the Patriotic War of 1812 (invasion of Napoleon Bonaparte) he served in the acting army as a volunteer. When living in Germany during his military service Perovsky took a great interest in German romanticism, and Hoffman, in particular, and it had a great impact on his own creativity. After retirement he settled in Petersburg and took care of upbringing and education of his nephew Aleksey. During that period Perovsky came to be one of the most active defenders of Alexander Pushkin, then a beginning poet.
After the death of his father in 1822, Aleksey Perovsky settled in Pogoreltsy Estate in Ukraine, together with his sister and nephew and took the penname of Antony Pogorelsky, based on the estate name.
Antony Pogorelsky's set of stories Dvoinik (The Double, or My Evenings in Little Russia) (1828) was closely related to the German fantastic tradition (Serapion Brothers by Hoffman) and anticipated the famous Evenings on a Farm Near Dikanka by Nikolai Gogol and Russian Nights by Vladimir Odoevsky. In 1829 Pogorelsky published the book that brought him real fame: it was the fairy tale Black Hen, or Living Underground written for his nephew, the first book about childhood in Russian literature. His novel Monastyrka, a “moral-descriptive novel” combining both sentimental and romantic elements was very well accepted by public and critics.
# Hafsa (name)

Hafsa or Hafsah (Arabic: حفصة (often confused with Hafza and Hafiza, but all three of them are different names) is an Arabic female given name. It originated from Hafsa, the fourth wife of the Islamic prophet Muhammad and daughter of second Muslim caliph Umar. It is a popular name among Sunni Muslims.
Notable people with the name include:
* Hafsat Abiola (born 1974), Nigerian human rights, civil rights and democracy activist
* Hafsa Ahmed, academic and community worker in New Zealand
* Hafsa Bekri (Hafsa Bekri-Lamrani), Iraqi-Moroccan poet
* Hafsa Bint al-Hajj al-Rukuniyya (died 1190/91), Andalusian poet
* Hafsa bint Umar, daughter of Umar ibn al-Khattab and wife of Muhammad
* Hafsa Sultan (died 1534), Ottoman Sultan Selim I's consort and the mother of Süleyman the Magnificent
* Hafsa Sultan (died 1538), Ottoman Sultan Selim I's daughter
* Hafsa Hatun, Ottoman Sultan Bayezid I's consort
* Hafsa Şeyda Burucu (born 1991), Turkish karate champion
* Hafsa Bint Sirin (651–719), female scholar of Islam and sister of Muhammad ibn Sirin
# Bashir Saadawi

Bashir Saadawi (Arabic: بشير السعداوي, ALA-LC: Bashīr al-Saʻdāwī; 1884 – 17 January 1957) was a Libyan politician and the founder and leader of the unitarist National Congress Party.
Bashir Saadawi was one of the major figures who contributed to independence of Libya. However, after King Idris I was crowned as King of Libya, all parties were disbanded and Saadawi was exiled to Beirut where he lived for the rest of his life, dying there on 17 January 1957.
His body was returned to be buried in Libya in 1970.
# Tik Dar, Ravar

Tik Dar (Persian: تيكدر, also Romanized as Tīk Dar; also known as Takdar) is a village in Ravar Rural District, in the Central District of Ravar County, Kerman Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 18, in 5 families.
# Paul Lawlor

Paul Lawlor is a Gaelic footballer from County Laois.
Lawlor plays for the Emo club. He usually plays in the forwards for Laois and in 2003 was part of the Laois squad that won the Leinster Senior Football Championship title for the first time since 1946. Lawlor emerged on to the scene in 2000 as part of the Laois minor team and in 2003 he was part of the Laois Under 21 team. In 2017 he became Player-Manager of Emo Gaa bringing his club back to Senior status.
In 2021 he became a selector with Laois Senior team.
# Karlıova Triple Junction

The Karlıova Triple Junction is a geologic triple junction of three tectonic plates: the Anatolian plate, the Eurasian plate and the Arabian plate.

## Location

The Karlıova Triple Junction is found where the east–west trending North Anatolian Fault intersects the East Anatolian Fault coming up from the southwest, and is ~700 km distant from the Maras Triple Junction. Because each arm of the junction is a transform fault (F), the Karlıova Triple Junction is an F-F-F type junction.

## Geometry

The Karliova triple junction is a geological intersection point located in eastern Turkey, where the boundaries of the Arabian plate, the Eurasian plate, and the African plate meet. It is a complex structure with multiple faults and fractures, resulting from the collision and convergence of these tectonic plates.
The geometry of the Karliova triple junction is characterized by three intersecting arms, each representing the boundary of one of the plates. The arms meet at an angle of approximately 120 degrees, forming a Y-shaped configuration. The Arabian plate boundary extends to the southeast, the African plate boundary extends to the southwest, and the Eurasian plate boundary extends to the north.
# Stepanikha (Andreyevskoye Rural Settlement), Alexandrovsky District, Vladimir Oblast

Stepanikha (Russian: Степаниха) is a rural locality (a village) in Andreyevskoye Rural Settlement, Alexandrovsky District, Vladimir Oblast, Russia. The population was 2 as of 2010.

## Geography

The village is located 17 km north-east from Alexandrov.
# Qais Sedki

Qais Sedki (Arabic: قيس صدقي) is an Emirati children's author. The first volume of his Arabic comic Gold Ring won the Sheikh Zayed Book Award for Children's Literature in the year 2010.
Sedki left his IT job to pursue a career in comic book writing. He founded Pageflip, a Dubai-based publishing house that publishes his work. He has three children.
He also has a master's degree in business administration from the American University of Sharjah.