OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Ludwigshöhe

Ludwigshöhe is an Ortsgemeinde – a municipality belonging to a Verbandsgemeinde, a kind of collective municipality – in the Mainz-Bingen district in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. It belongs to the Verbandsgemeinde Rhein-Selz.

## Geography
### Location

The small municipality of Ludwigshöhe lies in Rhenish Hesse, in the Rhine rift a short way west of the Rhine on the old Mainz-Worms trade road, nowadays known as Bundesstraße 9, almost exactly halfway between the Rhineland-Palatinate state capital of Mainz and the Nibelungstadt of Worms.

## History

Ludwigshöhe is a comparatively new place, but it goes back to the Merovingian community of Rudelsheim. A dykeburst in 1819 brought about a shift in that place’s population to higher ground on a nearby hill.
Rudelsheim had its first documentary mention in 766 in a donation document from the Lorsch Abbey. It is believed to have been founded in the 5th or 6th century by the Franks. After the Romans had already brought winegrowing to the region, this form of agriculture was taken over by the Franks. Above all, it was the monasteries that led grape cultivation and perfected it.
In the Middle Ages, Rudelsheim lay near or right at the yet unchannelled Rhine, whose course could change with each flood, thereby bringing the village considerable misery and damage.
It is mentioned in the Wormser wall-building ordinance from around 900 as one of the places that shared responsibility for maintaining the city wall of Worms.
A devastating dykeburst in December 1819 led to the village being relocated on a hill farther to the west. The foundation stone was laid on 25 August 1822, Saint Louis’s Day, in honour of Louis I, Grand Duke of Hesse, and also in his honour was the new village’s name, Ludwigshöhe (“Ludwig” is the German form of “Louis”; Höhe is German for “heights”). Abandonment and moving from the old Rudelsheim was ongoing up until 1830. The church, the only preserved building, fell victim to a fire in 1837.

## Politics
### Municipal council

The council is made up of 8 council members who were elected by majority vote on 13 June 2004.

### Coat of arms

The municipality’s arms might be described thus: Azure a lion rampant barry of nine gules and argent armed and langued gules and crowned Or, in his gambe dexter a sword of the fourth held in bend sinister, in base argent a pot of the first with the inscription ST. VITUS, issuant from beneath which flames of fire of the second.

## Notable people

* Johann Becker (1869–1951) German politician (DVP), Member of the Reichstag, Imperial Minister of Economics (see: Weingut Brüder Dr. Becker)
# Ableman's Gorge State Natural Area

Ableman's Gorge is a 127 acres (51 ha) Wisconsin State Natural Area located near Rock Springs, Wisconsin. This 200 to 400-foot wide and 200-foot high gorge is cut by about 1 mile (1.6 km) of the Baraboo River in an "L" shape. The Natural Area is named after Stephen Van Rensselaer Ableman, who settled Rock Springs in 1851 and named the community after the gorge area.

## Formation

The cliffs are composed of Baraboo Quartzite below Cambrian sandstone and conglomerate. The gorge formed along a layer of ancient sea sediment that hardened into sandstone then metamorphized into harder quartzite rock before being lifted into a vertical layer. The area was later submerged under the sea again, which led to another sandstone layer capping the quartzite. The unique geological features of this gorge make it one of a few places where this type of rock can clearly be seen in the Midwestern United States. The gorge has a cooler climate than the surrounding areas, resulting in vegetation commonly found in northern Wisconsin. It was designated to the State Natural Area program in 1969.

## Use

The gorge was used by University of Wisconsin-Madison geology students for research. Students and visitors had difficult-level hiking to reach the gorge. After it was named a State Natural Area, it was owned by the Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources (WDNR). Local residents petitioned the WDNR for permission to build a trail on an abandoned rail line in 2005. The trail was built and had opened by 2014. The easy-level trail to reach the gorge and a half mile (1 km) difficult-level trail along the edge. The trail begins at a parking lot on Wisconsin Highway 136 near an artesian well. The Van Hise Rock is located within this gorge and is a prominent feature.
# Markiyeh, Masal

Markiyeh (Persian: مركيه, also Romanized as Markīyeh) is a village in Howmeh Rural District, in the Central District of Masal County, Gilan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 739, in 190 families.
# Asefabad, Kurdistan

Asefabad (Persian: آصف آباد, also Romanized as Āşefābād; also known as Āsifābād) is a village in Badr Rural District, in the Central District of Qorveh County, Kurdistan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 217, in 44 families. The village is populated by Kurds.
# Rakovskaya

Rakovskaya (Russian: Раковская) is a rural locality (a village) in Shenkursky District, Arkhangelsk Oblast, Russia. The population was 76 as of 2010.

## Geography

Rakovskaya is located 96 km northwest of Shenkursk (the district's administrative centre) by road, on the Led River. Ukolok is the nearest rural locality.
# Kursk Vostochny Airport

Kursk Vostochny Airport (Russian: Аэропорт Курск-Восточный) (IATA: URS, ICAO: UUOK), also known as Khalino airbase, Kursk-Khalino, is an interceptor aircraft base in Kursk Oblast, Russia, with a single 2,500 m (8,200 ft) runway located 7 km east of Kursk. It has been used for many decades as a military airbase and has had periods of time when it was also utilized as a commercial airport. It is located 4 miles northeast of Kursk and is considered a medium-sized base, with several alert pads. A civilian tarmac is located on the southern side of the airfield, which utilizes the common runway facilities.

## History

Khalino airbase was home to:
* 472nd Fighter Aviation Regiment from 4 October 1979 to 1998. Moved in from Orel, Orel Oblast, where it had been stationed from 1950 to 1979. Equipped with Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-23P (ASCC: Flogger) or S from 1979. Disbanded 1 May 1998.
* 14th Guards Fighter Aviation Regiment (14 Gv IAP) flying Mikoyan MiG-29 (SMT/UBT) (ASCC: Fulcrum) aircraft, having been relocated from Zherdevka (air base). Now part of the 105th Guards Mixed Aviation Division flying the Sukhoi Su-30SM (NATO: Flanker-H).
All commercial flight activity at the airport was banned by Russian authorities at the start of the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine, starting at 03:45 on 24 February 2022.

### Russian invasion of Ukraine

On 6 December 2022 the airport’s oil storage caught fire. The Kursk governor blamed the fire on a drone strike amid the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine.
On 2 June 2023, Ukrainian sources reported several Su-34 combat aircraft located at the airport were damaged/destroyed, along with a single MiG-29 and a Pantsir-S1 air defense missile system. The information has not yet been verified independently.
On 31 July 2024 the Armed Forces of Ukraine struck military storage near the airbase, causing fire detected by NASA's FIRMS.

## Airlines and destinations

RusLine provided limited scheduled commercial service to Moscow–Vnukovo as of 2018, and to Saint Petersburg and Sochi as of 2019. All commercial service at the airport was halted in February 2022 due to the Russian invasion of Ukraine.
# Shirin Mirzayev

Shirin Mirzayev (Azerbaijani: Şirin Vəli oğlu Mirzəyev) (5 January 1947, in Khankendi, Azerbaijan SSR, USSR – 18 June 1992, in Aghdam, Azerbaijan) was a National Hero of Azerbaijan, lieutenant colonel and the warrior of the First Nagorno-Karabakh War.

## Life

Mirzayev was born on January 5, 1947, in Khankendi. He served in the regiment of internal troops in Baku. After graduating from the Leningrad Higher Military-Political School of the USSR Ministry of Internal Affairs in 1971, he was sent to Yerevan for further service. Five years later he was transferred to Baku. During the 15-year service in the regiment of internal troops, he graduated from the Lenin Military-Political Academy named after V. I. Lenin.

### Karabakh war

In 1991, Shirin Mirzayev arrived to serve in Agdam, at that time one of the most "hot spots" in Azerbaijan. He held the positions of deputy team commander, deputy battalion commander, deputy division commander, and on October 9, 1991, he was appointed battalion commander in the Khojaly region. In early June 1992, the Azerbaijani command developed a plan for a large-scale offensive, during which the troops were to deliver a simultaneous strike against the enemy from three sides. Despite the lack of military equipment, weapons and ammunition, the battalion commander Mirzaev organized the successful advance of his unit along the Khachynchay River, occupying the villages of Kazanchi, Syrkhavend, Farukh, Pirjamal, Balligaya, Garashlar, Bashirli, Agbulak, Dargaz, Nakhichevanik in the Agdam region.
On June 18, 1992, Lieutenant Colonel Shirin Mirzayev, while returning to his unit from a business trip to Baku, was blown up by a mine laid on the road to the village of Garalar. He was buried in the Alley of Martyrs.

## Family

His wife Flora Gasimova is a member of the National Assembly of Azerbaijan. They got married in 1976. They have two children: one son and one daughter.

## Memorial

By the decree of the President of the Republic of Azerbaijan dated September 16, 1994, Mirzayev Shirin Veli oglu was awarded the title of National Hero of Azerbaijan (posthumously).
A street in the Nizami district of Baku is named after him. On the territory of the military unit where Shirin Mirzayev served, a monument to the hero was erected. In the Turkish city of Bursa there is a park in honor of Shirin Mirzayev.

## Awards

* (16.09.1994) — Gold Star Medal (Azerbaijan) (posthumously)
# Haaniidae

The Haaniidae are a new (2019) family of praying mantids, based on the type genus Haania. The first use of "Haaniidae" was by Giglio-Tos and it was revived as part of a major revision of mantid taxonomy; genera in the subfamily Haaniinae havie been moved here from the family Thespidae.
The new placement is in superfamily Haanioidea (of group Cernomantodea) and infraorder Schizomantodea. Genera in this family have been recorded from: India, Indochina and Malesia through to New Guinea.

## Subfamilies, tribes and genera

The Mantodea Species File lists two subfamilies:

### Caliridinae

* Caliris Giglio-Tos, 1915
* Gildella Giglio-Tos, 1915

### Haaniinae
#### tribe Arriini

* Arria Stal, 1877
* Sinomiopteryx Tinkham, 1937

#### tribe Haaniini

* Astape Stal, 1877
* Haania Saussure, 1871
# Manthokha Waterfall

Manthokha Waterfall also spelt Manthoka Waterfall, is a waterfall located in the Kharmang Valley, Skardu, in Gilgit-Baltistan, in the extreme northern region of Pakistan. The waterfall has surface height of approximately180 feet (55 m), and located at a distance of around 80 kilometres (50 mi) from Skardu, the largest city of Gilgit Baltistan.

## Tourism

The waterfall is set in green pastures, with streams, amid the towering Karakorum mountains. A nearby restaurant serves local trout fish, and sightseers can also visit the fish farm.
# Truzhenik

Truzhenik (Russian: Труженик) is a rural locality (a village) in Orlovsky Selsoviet, Blagoveshchensky District, Bashkortostan, Russia. The population was 39 as of 2010. There is 1 street.

## Geography

Truzhenik is located 24 km north of Blagoveshchensk (the district's administrative centre) by road. Orlovka is the nearest rural locality.
# The Legend of Beggar King and Big Foot Queen (TV series)

The Legend of Beggar King and Big Foot Queen (Chinese: 乞丐皇帝与大脚皇后传奇; lit. 'The Legend of the Beggar Emperor and the Bigfoot Empress Consort') is a 2016 Mainland Chinese period comedy television drama starring Benny Chan and Ning Jing. Set in the 14th imperial century China, the drama is based on the life of Hongwu Emperor (played by Benny Chan) and Chen Youliang (played by Ji Chen). The story revolves around the founding emperor Ming - Hongwu Zhu Yuanzhang and his wife Ma Xiuying (played by Ning Jing). Ma is the empress consort famous for her "big feet" because it was not bound like other women where foot binding was the beauty standard for women.
# Kahn-e Shah Salim

Kahn-e Shah Salim (Persian: كهن شاه سليم, also Romanized as Kahn-e Shāh Salīm; also known as Chāh Salīm and Shāh Salīm) is a village in Zaboli Rural District, in the Central District of Mehrestan County, Sistan and Baluchestan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 329, in 58 families.
# Zelene, Kyiv Oblast

Zelene (Ukrainian: Зелене) is a village in Brovary Raion, Kyiv Oblast (region) of Ukraine. It is part of Zghurivka settlement hromada, one of the hromadas of Ukraine.
Until 18 July 2020, Zelene was located in Zghurivka Raion. The raion was abolished that day as part of the administrative reform of Ukraine, which reduced the number of raions of Kyiv Oblast to seven. The area of Zghurivka Raion was merged into Brovary Raion.
# Mohsenabad, Alborz

Mohsenabad (Persian: محسن اباد, also Romanized as Moḩsenābād) is a village in Bala Taleqan Rural District, in the Central District of Taleqan County, Alborz Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 79, in 21 families.
# June 1874 Galway Borough by-election

The 1874 Galway Borough by-election was held on 29 June 1874. The by-election was held due to the void election of the incumbent Home Rule MP, Frank Hugh O'Donnell, in the March by-election. It was won by the Home Rule candidate Michael Francis Ward.
Galway Borough by-election, June 1874 Registered electors 1,444 :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | Home Rule | Michael Francis Ward | 726 | 71.6 | N/A |
| | Liberal | James Henry Monahan | 288 | 28.4 | N/A |
| Majority | Majority | Majority | 438 | 43.2 | +32.3 |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 1,014 | 70.2 | +8.8 |
| | Home Rule hold | Home Rule hold | Swing | N/A | |
# Alex Lindsay (violinist)

Alex Sylvester Lindsay MBE (28 May 1919 – 5 December 1974) was a New Zealand violinist, conductor and orchestra leader. He was born in Invercargill, New Zealand, on 28 May 1919.
In the 1959 New Year Honours, Lindsay was appointed a Member of the Order of the British Empire, for services to music, especially orchestral work.
# 2024 World Single Distances Speed Skating Championships – Men's team sprint

The Men's team sprint competition at the 2024 World Single Distances Speed Skating Championships was held on February 15, 2024 in Calgary, Canada.

## Results

The race started at 15:44.
| Rank | Pair | Lane | Country | Time | Diff |
| | 2 | o | Canada Anders Johnson Laurent Dubreuil Antoine Gélinas-Beaulieu | 1:17.173 WR | |
| | 1 | o | Netherlands Janno Botman Jenning de Boo Tim Prins | 1:17.175 | +0.00 |
| | 2 | i | Norway Henrik Fagerli Rukke Bjørn Magnussen Håvard Holmefjord Lorentzen | 1:17.31 | +0.14 |
| 4 | 3 | o | China Deng Zhihan Du Haonan Ning Zhongyan | 1:17.32 | +0.15 |
| 5 | 4 | o | Poland Marek Kania Piotr Michalski Damian Żurek | 1:17.37 | +0.20 |
| 6 | 3 | i | United States Austin Kleba Cooper McLeod Zach Stoppelmoor | 1:17.40 | +0.23 |
| 7 | 4 | i | Germany Moritz Klein Stefan Emele Hendrik Dombek | 1:18.80 | +1.63 |
| 8 | 1 | i | South Korea Kim Jun-ho Kim Tae-yun Cho Sang-hyeok | 1:19.61 | +2.44 |
# Tornovka

Tornovka (Russian: Торновка) is a rural locality (a village) in Izyaksky Selsoviet, Blagoveshchensky District, Bashkortostan, Russia. The population was 22 as of 2010. There are 2 streets.

## Geography

Tornovka is located 28 km southeast of Blagoveshchensk (the district's administrative centre) by road. Verkhny Izyak is the nearest rural locality.
# Gandomabad

Gandomabad (Persian: گندم اباد, also Romanized as Gandomābād; also known as Gandam-Ab, Gandomāb, and Yeylāg-e Gandomābād) is a village in Shal Rural District, Shahrud District, Khalkhal County, Ardabil Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 78, in 20 families.
# Tailteann

Tailteann may refer to:
* Teltown (Irish: Tailtin, genitive Tailteann), townland in County Meath, Ireland
* Tailteann Games (ancient), Gaelic festival held at Teltown until the twelfth century
* Tailteann Games (Irish Free State), Gaelic sports and cultural festival held 1924–1932
* Tailteann Cup, second-tier inter-county Gaelic football competition introduced in 2022
* Rás Tailteann, annual Irish road cycling stage race
* Páirc Tailteann, Gaelic games stadium in Navan, County Meath, Ireland
# Melvyn Doremus

Melvyn Doremus (born 29 October 1996) is a professional footballer who plays as a midfielder for Championnat National 2 club Chambly. Born in France, he plays for the Benin national team.

## International career

Doremus was first called up to the Benin national team in November 2019 for a game against Sierra Leone, but did not play. He made his international debut on 2 September 2021 in a World Cup qualifier against Madagascar, a 1–0 away victory. He started and played the full game.
# Justine Kong Sing

Justine Kong Sing (1868–1960) was a Chinese-Australian miniature portrait painter.

## Early life and career

Born 1868 in Nundle, New South Wales. Kong Sing trained with Julian Ashton in Sydney and completed her studies at the National Gallery School, Melbourne. During this time she shared an artist studio with fellow Australian artist Florence Rodway.
Kong Sing exhibited with the Royal Art Society of New South Wales in 1905, 1909, 1910 and 1911. In 1909, her etching A boat docked on the Yarra, was included in the Royal Society album presented to then Governor of New South Wales, Lord Chelmsford. Notable figures Kong Sing has painted portraits of includes Madaze Sze (Tang Yu-hua), wife of the Chinese Minister Alfred Sao-ke Sze; and a commemorative 1943 miniature of Dame Enid Lyons AD GBE.
Working as a governess on the North Coast in New South Wales, Kong Sing later moved to London, where she worked exclusively as a painter of portrait miniatures, showing work at the Royal Academy in 1915 and 1916, the Paris Salon of 1912 and the Walker & Grosvenor Galleries. Later Kong Sing lived in Majorca, Spain, for twenty years until the outbreak of the Spanish Civil War, then returned to London, subsequently returning to Australia, where she continued to paint miniatures. Kong Sing died in 1960 at Kirribilli, Sydney.

## Collections

* National Gallery of Victoria, Melbourne, VIC.
* Art Gallery of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
* National Portrait Gallery, Canberra.
* National Library of Australia, Canberra.
# Lawrence, son of Ampud

Lawrence, son of Ampud (Hungarian: Ampod fia Lőrinc; died after 1229) was a noble in the Kingdom of Hungary in the first decades of the 13th century, who served in the court of Coloman, Duke of Slavonia.

## Family

Lawrence was born into an influential noble family, which possessed landholdings in Slavonia beyond the river Drava. His paternal grandfather was Ampud I, a skilled military commander, who served as Ban of Slavonia and Palatine of Hungary during the reigns of kings Stephen III and Béla III. Lawrence was one of the three sons of Ampud II, who served as ispán of Szolnok County in 1199, and an unidentified daughter of Count Berthold III of Andechs, Margrave of Istria. Through the maternal lineage, Lawrence was the first cousin of Gertrude of Merania, a daughter of Berthold IV and spouse of King Andrew II. Lawrence had two elder brothers; Denis was one of the most staunchest confidants of Andrew since the 1210s, and a key figure of the royal economic reform, while Michael belonged to the rival baronial group centered around Duke Béla in the same time. Lawrence had no known wives nor descendants.

## Violent actions

Lawrence entered the service of Duke Coloman – King Andrew's second son – who was made Duke of Slavonia in 1226. Around the same time, Lawrence was appointed ispán (župan) of the castle district of Gorica in the territory of Zagreb County, which belonged to Coloman's duchy. However, Lawrence committed crimes and acts of domination (factum potentiale), abusing his office. As a result, Coloman deprived Lawrence from his position. His elder brothers, Denis and Michael intervened for his sake, requesting the duke to take him back into his graces.
Consequently, Lawrence was appointed ispán of the castle district of Podgorje, which also laid in Zagreb County (present-day ruins near Draga Svetojanska in Croatia). However, Lawrence continued his violent actions. He pillaged and devastated 24 villages surrounding the fort in the belief that he would "find treasures there that he could steal". Duke Coloman again dismissed from his position and the royal tribunal of Andrew II confiscated his all properties. Thanks to his family ties, Lawrence eventually had to get rid of only one estate, Lipóc in Sáros County (today Kecerovský Lipovec, Slovakia). In 1229, Duke Coloman sold this landholding (later castle) and its accessories (i.e. tax exemption) to his faithful confidant Demetrius Aba for 1000 marks. There is no further information about Lawrence. Lipóc became one of the two eponymous estates of the Lipóc branch of the gens (clan) Aba, which reached its peak by the first half of the 14th century, when Demetrius Nekcsei (or Lipóci) directed the economic policy of Hungary.
# Malibeyli Hamid

Hamid Imamgulu oghlu Gurbanov (Azerbaijani: Həmid İmamqulu oğlu Qurbanov, 1869 – March 22, 1922) was a 19th–20th century Azerbaijani singer-khananda and tarzen, representative of the Karabakh mugham school.

## Biography

Hamid Gurbanov was born in Malibeyli village near Shusha in 1869. He worked as a coachman for a while, and later he joined the "Assembly of khanandas" organized by Haji Husu, where he learned classical Eastern and Azerbaijani mughams from Haji Husu and Mashadi Isi. In addition to singing, Hamid also learned to play the tar. His first tar teacher was Sadigjan.
His first performance in Shusha took place at the gathering of a person named Najafgulu Agha together with Haji Husu, Mashadi Isi, Sadigjan and Avanes. After his performance at this gathering, Hamid is often invited to public celebrations. He performed for a long time at wedding parties and public gatherings together with musicians Javadbey Khanazayski, Mashadi Zeynal, Arsen Yaramyshev, and later Mashadi Jamil Amirov and Gurban Pirimov.
Malibeyli Hamid also worked as an actor. His name can be found on posters of opera performances such as "Leyli and Majnun" by Uzeyir Hajibeyov, "Seyfal mulk" by Mashadi Jamil Amirov.
Malibeyli Hamid often played and sang at the same time in gatherings. Although he played all the mughams on the tar, he was actually a gathering khananda. His "Rast" and "Segah" mughams were listened throughout Transcaucasia. He sang "Segah" in several versions, performed "Yetim Segah" and "Orta Segah" in his own form. Due to the innovation he brought to the "Segah" mugham, that mugham was called "Hamid Segah" among khanandas.
Hamid moved to the current city of Ganja with his family at the beginning of the 20th century. Here he met Mashadi Jamil Amirov and they cooperated for a long time. Mashadi Jamil accompanied Hamid by playing the tar, and Malibayli Hamid also accompanied Mashadi Jamil on the tar. Together, they went to the weddings and gatherings held in the present cities of Ganja, Shamkir, Qazax and Tbilisi and their surrounding regions, and performed there. Malibayli Hamid was repeatedly invited to Iran's cities of Rasht and Anzali. He performed together with his brother Asgar Gurbanov and kamancha player Boyukkishi Aliyev.
In 1910, Malibayli Hamid, who received an invitation from the "Gramophone" company, went to Riga, where he recorded his voice on a gramophone record. He sang the songs "Shur", "Rast", "Yetim Segah", "Humayun" and classifications, folk musics, and played the tar himself. His brother Asgar Gurbanov also sang several mughams with him.
Later, Malibeyli Hamid's voice sank and he began to deal more with the art of playing the tar. He accompanied Kechachioghlu Muhammed, Gasim Abdullayev, Musa Shushinski, Islam Abdullayev, Mashadi Mammad Farzaliyev, Mammadgulu Shushinski, Bulbul on the tar in concerts held in Karabakh and Ganja, Tbilisi.
Malibeyli Hamid died on March 22, 1922, in Aghdam.