# Sallaans dialect

Sallaans (Dutch: Sallands; Low Saxon: Sallaands) is a collective term for the Westphalian dialects of the region Salland, in the province of Overijssel, as well as in minor parts of Gelderland and Drenthe in the Eastern Netherlands, and a small part in the North and the East of Veluwe. In the Kop van Overijssel, the Stellingwarfs dialect is spoken.
A common term used by native speakers for their dialect, which is also used by Low Saxon speakers from other regions for their respective dialects, is plat or simply dialect. Yet another common usage is to refer to the language by the name of the local variety, where for instance Dal(f)sens would be the name for the Sallaans variety spoken in the village of Dalfsen. Sallands is more influenced by the Hollandic dialects than Twents or Achterhoeks. This influence is known as the Hollandse expansie. For example, the word 'house' (Standard Dutch huis [ɦœys]) is hoes [ɦuːs] in Twents but huus [ɦyːs] in Sallaans. The Hollandic dialects of the 17th century still had not diphthongized [yː] to [œy], and due to their prestigious status they triggered the shift from [uː] to [yː].

## Phonology
### Consonants

Consonants in the dialect of Raalte :
| | | Labial | Alveolar | Dorsal | Glottal |
| Nasal | Nasal | m | n | ŋ | |
| Stop | voiceless | p | t | k | |
| Stop | voiced | b | d | (ɡ) | |
| Fricative | voiceless | f | s | χ | h |
| Fricative | voiced | v | z | ɣ | |
| Trill | Trill | | r | | |
| Approximant | Approximant | ʋ | l | j | |
* [ɡ] appears only as an allophone of /k/ before voiced consonants.
* /ʋ/ occurring before and after back-rounded vowels is pronounced as a labio-velar approximant [w].
* After long close and close-mid vowels, /r/ surfaces as a diphthongization of the vowel, as in zoer [ˈzuːə̯]. This also happens in compounds: veurkämer [vøːə̯kæːmər]. It is also often dropped preconsonantally after /ə/.

### Vowels

Raalte monophthongs :
| | Front | Front | Front | Front | Central | Back | Back |
| | unrounded | unrounded | rounded | rounded | | Central | Back | Back |
| | short | long | short | long | Central | short | long |
| Close | i | iː | y | yː | | u | uː |
| Close-mid | ɪ | eː | ʏ | øː | ə | ʊ | oː |
| Open-mid | ɛ | ɛː | œ | œː | ə | ɔ | ɔː |
| Open | æ | æː | | | | ɑ | ɑː |
* Unlike in Standard Dutch, the long close-mid monophthongs /eː, øː, oː/ are actual monophthongs and not narrow closing diphthongs [ei, øy, ou]. They do not appear before /r/ whenever that consonant occurs before a vowel or at the end of a word, where the open-mid series /ɛː, œː, ɔː/ occurs instead.
* The schwa /ə/ is often dropped before /n/, resulting in a syllabic nasal homorganic with the preceding consonant. This occurs after most consonants, including nasals themselves: piepen [ˈpipm̩], slóffen [ˈslʊfɱ̍], gieten [ˈχiːtn̩], kieken [ˈkikŋ̍], esprungen [əˈsprœŋŋ̍], lachen [ˈlɑχɴ̩]. The sequences /əl/ and /ər/ are treated the same, except for the fact that they do not assimilate to the place of articulation of the preceding consonant.
Raalte diphthongs :
| | Front | Front | Back | Back |
| Close | ij, iu | yi, yu | uw | uw |
| Open | ɛi ɪu | œy | ɔi ʊi | ɑu |
* /œy/ is realized as [œi] before vowels and in the word-final position.

## Some examples
### Present tense

| Sallaans | Dutch | English |
| Ik loop(e) | Ik loop | I walk |
| Ie loopt / lopen | Jij loopt | You walk |
| Hee/hi'j / Zie/zi'j lup(t) | Hij / Zij loopt | He / she walks |
| Wie loopt / lopen | Wij lopen | We walk |
| Jullie / Juulu / ieluu loopt / lopen | Jullie lopen | You walk (plural) |
| Zie loopt / lopen | Zij lopen | They walk |

### Past tense

| Sallaans | Dutch | English |
| Ik liepe | Ik liep | I walked |
| Ie liep'n | Jij liep | You walked |
| Hee / Zee liep | Hij / Zij liep | He / She walked |
| Wuu-lu liep'n | Wij liepen | We walked |
| Jullie / Juu-lu liep'n | Jullie liepen | You walked (plural) |
| Zie liep'n | Zij liepen | They walked |

### Plurals and diminutives

| Sallaans | Dutch | English |
| een komme | een kom | One bowl |
| twee komm'n | twee kommen | Two bowls |
| Sallaans | Dutch | English |
| een kömmegie | een kommetje | one little bowl |
| twee kömmegies | twee kommetjes | two little bowls |