OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Israel Meir Freimann

Israel Meir Freimann (Yiddish: ישראל מאיר פריַימאן, also Israel Meier Freimann; 27 September 1830 – 21 August 1884) was a Polish-born German rabbi, philosopher and orientalist.

## Biography

Freimann was born on 27 September 1830 in Kraków. Born as the younger son of Eliakum Freimann and Esther Breiter, Freimann received his education from his father and in various Talmudical schools (yeshivot) in Hungary. After attending a Gymnasium (grammar school) in 1850 in Leipzig, Saxony, where he stayed with his elder brother Isak (Eisik), in 1852 he moved to Breslau, then Prussia. There he attended the Catholic Royal Matthias-Gymnasium [de] where he took his A-levels (Abitur). Between 1856 and 1860 he studied philosophy and Oriental languages at the local Silesian Frederick William University (now Wrocław University). In 1860 Landesrabbiner Gedalja Tiktin [de], the Silesian provincial chief rabbi, ordained Freimann as rabbi.
In the same year Freimann took up the rabbinate of the Jewish congregation in Filehne, later changing to the same position in Ostrowo, both then in the Prussian province of Posen. In 1865 he graduated (Ph. D.) at the Ducal Pan-Saxon University (Salana) (now Friedrich Schiller University) in Jena upon Saale, then Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach. He wrote his doctoral thesis, Ein Beitrag zur Geschichte der Ophiten (A contribution to the history of the Ophites), supervised by Dean Johann Gustav Stickel.
From 7 September 1871 on he worked as rabbi for the Israelitische Gemeinde Ostrowo, thus ending a vacancy since the death of his predecessor Aron Stössel (d. 31 May 1861). Freimann served his office in Ostrowo until his death. In 1875, after Rector Zacharias Frankel's death, Freimann declined to succeed him as rector of the Breslau-based Jewish Theological Seminary of Fraenckel's Foundation. From 1874 to 1884 Freimann gave Jewish religion classes in the Royal Gymnasium of Ostrowo. He died on 21 August 1884 in Ostrowo. In 1900 his fellow townspeople named a street, the "Freimannstraße", in his honour. Freimann's successor was Rabbi Dr. Elias Plessner, son of the Preacher Salomon Plessner from Berlin.
Freimann's edition of the midrashic work והזהיר [he] (We-Hizhir; 2 parts), to which he added the valuable commentary ענפי יהודה (ʿAnpēi Yehûdāh), is indisputable evidence of his learning. The responsa (בנין ציון [Binyan Ẓiyyon]) of his father-in-law Jacob Ettlinger contain many of Freimann's essays. With his wife Helene Ettlinger (1834–1902; mar. 1860) Freimann had eight children, Josef, Nanette (mar. Simonsohn), Isak, Esther (not mar.), Regina (wife of rabbi Jakob Freimann, her cousin), Judith (mar. Pinczower), Aron and Frida (mar. Czapski).

## Works

* author: Ein Beitrag zur Geschichte der Ophiten, Jena: Ducal Pan-Saxon University, Diss., 1865, 142 pp.
* editor and commentarist: Khefetz ben Yatzliakh (aka Hebrew: חפץ אלוף, Khefetz Allouph), ספר והזהיר (Sēfer: Ve-hizhir): 2 vols. with Freimann's commentary ענפי יהודה (ʿAnpēi Yehûdāh)
** Vol. 1: 'לסדר שמות' [Le-sēder Šemōt], Leipzig: Vollrath, 1873
** Vol. 2: 'לסדר ויקרא, במדבר' [Le-sēder Vay-yiqrā, Be-midbar], Warsaw: Баумриттер, 1880
# Trouble-Maker (film)

Trouble-Maker (French: Trouble fête) is a Canadian drama film, directed by Pierre Patry and released in 1964.
The film stars Lucien Hamelin as Lucien, a student at a religious school who begins to rebel against the strict moral order of the Roman Catholic priests.
It was made over 25 days on a shoestring budget, and adapted some aspects of the direct cinema style of filmmaking. The film is typically analyzed by critics as an allegory for the Quiet Revolution, although its criticism of the Catholic church saw Patry threatened with excommunication.
The film was a Canadian Film Award finalist for Best Motion Picture in 1964.
# Mausoleum of the Albanian Royal Family

The Mausoleum of the Albanian Royal Family is a building in Tirana, capital of Albania, which holds the remains of King Zog and other members of his family (House of Zogu).
The original mausoleum was designed by the architect Qemal Butka, and was inaugurated on 30 December 1935, for Sadijé, the King's mother, who had died the previous year. The building was destroyed by communist forces on 17 November 1944. It was reconstructed in the form of a replica, inaugurated on 17 November 2012, to house the remains of King Zog, which were brought back from Paris as part of the celebrations of the 100th anniversary of Albanian independence.
It also holds the remains of:
* Zog I, King of the Albanians (1895–1961);
* Géraldine, Queen Consort of Albanians (1915–2002, King Zog I's wife);
* Sadijé, Queen Mother of the Albanians (1876–1934, King Zog I's mother);
* Leka I, Crown Prince of Albanians (1939–2011, King Zog I's son);
* Susan, Crown Princess of Albanians (1941–2004, King Zog I's daughter-in-law).
# Heritage Pharmaceuticals

Heritage Pharmaceuticals Inc. is a manufacturer of generic pharmaceuticals based in Eatontown, New Jersey, United States, and established in 2006.
The company was involved in a 2014 congressional inquiry about the rising price of doxycycline hyclate initiated by Elijah Cummings and Bernie Sanders.
In December 2016, it was accused of conspiracy to raise the price of the antibiotic doxycycline and diabetes drug glyburide in 20 US states after investigations by Connecticut's Attorney General. Mylan, Teva Pharmaceuticals USA Citron Pharma, India's Aurobindo Pharma and Australia's Mayne Pharma are alleged to be part of the conspiracy. In June 2019, Heritage entered into a deferred prosecution agreement with the United States Department of Justice, Antitrust Division ("DOJ") relating to a one-count Information for a pricing conspiracy involving glyburide. In conjunction with the DPA, Heritage agreed to pay a $225,000 fine. The DPA expired on May 30, 2022, and the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania dismissed with prejudice the one-count Information filed by the DOJ against Heritage on June 30, 2022.
The US Department of Justice also brought criminal charges against former Chief Executive Officer Jeffrey Glazer and former Vice President of Commercial Operations Jason Malek for price fixing. The company fired them in August 2016 and brought civil proceedings against them, alleging that they stole tens of millions of dollars from the company over at least seven years using at least five dummy corporations to siphon off Heritage's profits through numerous racketeering schemes, including $466,000 in profit in one day. It is alleged that the price of 500 doxycycline tablets rose in the US from $20 to $1,849 in just seven months.
On October 31, 2024, Heritage Pharmaceuticals and Apotex agreed to pay $49.1 million to resolve allegations of price-fixing in collusion to artificially raise drug prices as charged by a coalition of 50 state attorneys general.
# Stryi urban hromada

Stryi urban territorial hromada (Ukrainian: Стрийська міська територіальна громада, romanized: Stryiska miska terytorialna hromada) is an urban hromada (municipality) of Ukraine, located in the western Lviv Oblast. Its administrative centre is the city of Stryi.
Stryi urban hromada has a total area of 551.1 square kilometres (212.8 sq mi). Its population is 98,378 (2022 estimate).
Until 18 July 2020, Stryi was incorporated as a city of oblast significance and served as the administrative center of Stryi Raion even though it did not belong to the raion. In July 2020, as part of the administrative reform of Ukraine, which reduced the number of raions of Lviv Oblast to seven, the city of Stryi was merged into Stryi Raion.

## Settlements

In addition to one city (Stryi) and one urban-type settlement (Dashava), Stryi urban hromada includes 45 villages:
* Berezhnytsia [uk]
* Bratkivtsi [uk]
* Velyki Didushychi [uk]
* Verchany [uk]
* Vivnia [uk]
* Haiduchyna [uk]
* Holobutiv
* Dibrova [uk]
* Dobrivliany [uk]
* Dobriany
* Zhulyn [uk]
* Zavadiv
* Zahirne [uk]
* Zaplatyn [uk]
* Zarichne [uk]
* Iosypovychi [uk]
* Kavske
* Komariv [uk]
* Kuty [uk]
* Lany-Sokolivski [uk]
* Lanivka [uk]
* Lysiatychi
* Lotatnyky [uk]
* Luh [uk]
* Mali Didushychi
* Myrtiuky [uk]
* Nezhukhiv
* Oleksychi [uk]
* Pidhirtsi [uk]
* Pishchany
* Podorozhnie [uk]
* Pukenychi [uk]
* Piatnychany [uk]
* Railiv [uk]
* Rozhirche [uk]
* Semyhyniv [uk]
* Sykhiv [uk]
* Slobidka [uk]
* Stryhantsi [uk]
* Strilkiv [uk]
* Uhersko
* Uhilnia [uk]
* Khodovychi
* Shchaslyve [uk]
* Yarushychi [uk]
# The Beginning of the Revolt against the Dahijas

The Beginning of the Revolt against the Dahijas (Serbian: Почетак буне против дахија/Početak bune protiv dahija), a Serbian epic poem, is one of the best known and most beautiful poems about the liberation of Serbia. It was recited by Filip Višnjić, a blind gusle player. Linguist Vuk Karadžić heard it from Višnjić and wrote it down in 1815 while he was in Šišatovac monastery.

## Summary

The poem recounts chronologically the events that led to the Uprising against the Dahije and the First Serbian Uprising in 1804.
In the opening part of the poem, the poet sends an artistic message about the imminent rebellion by describing rare natural events. Solar eclipse, comets and lunar eclipse are all signs which indicate the start of the rebellion against Turks, and it is the ordinary people who will start the uprising.
Meanwhile, Turks are also watching these occurrences. For Serbian people, the signs mean they should fight the Turks, and for Dahiyas, Turkish leaders, they are bad omens that need to be interpreted. Dahiyas use traditional divination methods: hydromancy and interpreting holy prophet books. All signs indicate the downfall of the Turks. Dahiyas were cruel to the Serbian people and thereby they offended their fallen Sultan’s legacy.
The sin is as great as the punishment that will befall them. They didn’t listen to Sultan Murad on his deathbed nor to the wise old man Fočo (one of the seven Dahiyas). Anxiety and fear become obvious in an argument between father and son – the old man Fočo and Fočić Mehmed aga. That argument represents the conflict of wisdom and hotheadedness.
The Slaughter of the Knezes will ensue after the young Fočić arrogantly rejects his father’s advice. The Serbs are infuriated when Turks come to Topola to execute Karađorđe (the leader of the First Serbian Uprising). Filip Višnjić gives the role of the hero to the people and Karađorđe’s victorious speech by the Drina river marks the final revenge of the oppressed.
# Solomon Dodashvili

Solomon Dodashvili (Georgian: სოლომონ დოდაშვილი), also known as Solomon Ivanovich Dodaev-Mogarsky (Russian: Соломон Иванович Додаев-Могарский) (May 17, 1805 – August 20, 1836), was a Georgian philosopher, journalist, historian, grammarian, belletrist and enlightener.
Dodashvili was born in Magharo, Kakheti, Georgia, then part of Imperial Russia. Having graduated from St Petersburg University in 1827, he obtained a Magister degree in philosophy there in 1828. During his stay in the Russian capital, he was close to Decembrist ideas and witnessed their 1825 mutiny. In 1828, Dodashvili returned to Tiflis, where he worked as an educator. He composed histories, grammars, and summaries of philosophy for his young pupils and led them into political opposition to the Russian rule. His idealistic pedagogues influenced many Georgian intellectuals and poets, including Nikoloz Baratashvili, who combined modern nationalism with European Romanticism. At the same time, from 1828 to 1832, he edited the first Georgian-language literary magazine "Tp’ilisis utsk’ebani", a weekly addition to the Russian "Tiflisskie Vedomosti".
His career was terminated by the failure of the 1832 conspiracy against the Russian hegemony, in which he was a participant. Unlike most of his coconspirators, who seconded the restoration of Georgian monarchy, he proposed a republic as a form of government. Arrested by police, he was deported to Russia proper. He was kept in captivity in Vyatka and died there of tuberculosis. He was reburied to Mtatsminda Pantheon, Tbilisi, in 1994.
Main works
* S. Dodashvili. "Logic" (a monograph), St. Petersburg, 1828 (in Russian); Tbilisi, 1949 (in Georgian)
* S. Dodashvili. "Short look at the Georgian literature".- "Moskovskie Vedomosti", No 10, Moscow, 1832 (in Russian)
* S. Dodashvili. "Methodology of Logic" (a monograph), Tbilisi, 1829 (in Russian)
* S. Dodashvili. "Brief Grammar of Georgian language", Tbilisi, 1830 (in Georgian)
# Alexander Gordon (journalist)

Alexander Garrievich Gordon (Russian: Алeксандp Гаppиeвич Гордон, born February 20, 1964) is a Russian radio and television presenter, journalist, actor and director. He has worked on "NTV" channel and "Channel One". As of January 2023, Gordon is the host of First Channel's Dok-Tok.

## Personal life

Gordon is Russian Jewish descent. He is a son of the poet and artist from Odessa, Harry Gordon and Antonina Striga. He has been married five times and has four children.

## Honors and awards

* 2007 - TEFI for the "Talk Show" (program "Private screening").
* 2008 - TEFI for the categories "Talk Show" and "talk-show" (the program "private screening").
* 2010 - TEFI for the "Talk show host" (the program "Gordon Quixote").
* 2011 - TEFI for the "Talk show host" (the program "private screening").

## Filmography

Gordon has also been a film-maker, creating several full-length feature films. Two of his movies, The Shepherd of His Cows and Brothel Lights, were based on the works of his father.

### Director

* 2002 - "The Shepherd of His Cows" (based on the book by Harry Gordon)
* 2009 - "Liberal Democratic Party. 20 years of face-to-Russia"
* 2010 - "Blizzard"
* 2011 - "Brothel Lights"
# Jamila Mejri

Jamila Mejri (Arabic: جميلة الماجري, born Jamila Mejri Soudani; 1951 in Kairouan) is a Tunisian poet.
She won the Aboul-Qacem Echebbi prize, in 2005 for her 38 poems, Dhakiratou Attaïer.
She is the first woman to be elected President of the Union of Tunisian Writers at the Congress of December 2008.
# Kameh Olya

Kameh Olya (Persian: كامه عليا, also Romanized as Kāmeh ‘Olyā; also known as Kāmeh-ye Bālā) is a village in Bala Velayat Rural District, in the Central District of Torbat-e Heydarieh County, Razavi Khorasan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 507, in 143 families.
# Pyotr Krenitsyn

Pyotr Kuzmich Krenitsyn (Russian: Пётр Кузьмич Креницын) (1728 – July 4, 1770), spelt "Krenitzin" in the United States, was a Russian explorer and Captain/Lieutenant of the Imperial Russian Navy. Following Vitus Bering's 1741 tragic venture he was the first to conduct an expedition to Alaska and the Aleutians. Krenitsyn was sent, together with Mikhail Levashev, by Russian Empress Catherine II to explore the northern parts of the Pacific Ocean and particularly the area around the Bering Strait in four ships. Krenitsyn was the commander of the ship St. Catherine and Levashev commanded the ship St. Paul.

## Life

Krenitsyn and Levashev surveyed the eastern part of the Aleutian Island chain until the cold weather set in. Krenitsyn wintered in the strait between Unimak and the Alaska Peninsula. The following year, after resuming their surveys, both ships wintered in Kamchatka.
Certain geographic features of the Alaskan coast, like Avatanak, Akutan and Tigalda Island were named by Krenitsyn in the maps that were subsequently published.
On July 4, 1770, Krenitsyn drowned in the Kamchatka River and Levashev assumed command of the Russian expeditionary fleet. The Krenitzin Islands and the highest volcano on Onekotan Island were named by IRN Captain Mikhail Tebenkov after this early Russian explorer.
# Hugh Gordon (Australian politician)

Hugh Gordon (1817 – 14 March 1895) was a Scottish-born Australian politician.
He was born at Rhynie to John and Margaret Gordon. In 1839 he migrated to New South Wales, settling in the New England region. He farmed on the Severn River and near Inverell, Warialda and on the Gwydir River. His first marriage, to Emily Catherine Hollingworth, produced five children; a second in 1860 to Caroline Elizabeth Hollingworth produced two daughters. In 1861 he was elected to the New South Wales Legislative Assembly for Tenterfield, serving until his retirement in 1869. Gordon died at Strathbogie in 1895.
# Beregovoy (surname)

Beregovoy Ukrainian: Береговий, Russian: Береговой is a surname, its feminine form is Beregovaya. 'Берег' means 'coast. Notable people with the surname include:
* Georgy Beregovoy (1921–1995), Soviet cosmonaut of Ukrainian descent
* Mikhail Beregovoy (1918–2021), Soviet Air Defence Forces officer
* Pierre Bérégovoy (1925–1993), French Prime Minister from 1992 to 1993
# Akbarabad, Kangavar

Akbarabad (Persian: اكبراباد, also Romanized as Akbarābād) is a village in Kermajan Rural District, in the Central District of Kangavar County, Kermanshah Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 200, in 39 families.
# 2017 VR12

2017 VR$_{12}$ is a sub-kilometer asteroid with a somewhat elongated and angular shape, approximately 160 meters (500 feet) in diameter. It is classified as near-Earth object and potentially hazardous asteroid of the Apollo or Amor group. The V-type asteroid has a rotation period of approximately 1.5 hours. It was first observed on 10 November 2017 by the 60-inch Pan-STARRS 1 telescope at Haleakala Observatory in Hawaii.

## Orbit and classification

It orbits the Sun at a distance of 1.0–1.7 AU once every 1 years and 7 months (585 days; semi-major axis of 1.37 AU). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.27 and an inclination of 9° with respect to the ecliptic. 2017 VR$_{12}$ is a V-type asteroid with a bright surface.
2017 VR$_{12}$ passed 0.0097 AU (3.76 lunar distances) from Earth on 7 March 2018, the closest approach by this asteroid currently known. It brightened to 12th magnitude, making it one of the brightest Near Earth asteroids of the year. It was observed by radar from Goldstone, Green Bank and Arecibo Observatory. Images revealed that 2017 VR$_{12}$ is a slightly elongated and angular body with a size of approximately 160 by 100 meters.

## Physical characteristics

Images obtained at Green Bank and Arecibo observatories in 2018, revealed that 2017 VR$_{12}$ is a slightly elongated and angular body with a size of approximately 160 by 100 meters.
On 5 March 2018, a rotational lightcurve was obtained from photometric observations by astronomers at the Northolt Branch Observatories. Lightcurve analysis gave a rotation period of 1.5 hours with a brightness amplitude between 0.4 and 0.5 magnitude (U=n.a).

## Gallery

* 2017 VR$_{12}$, imaged at Northolt Branch Observatories on 15 February 2018. The asteroid is visible at 17th magnitude at this point, at a distance of 10.4 million km (6.5 million mi) from Earth. The image is inverted (stars appear dark, the background appears light).
* 2017 VR$_{12}$ on 26 February 2018. The asteroid is visible at 15th magnitude, at a distance of 4.8 million km (3.0 million miles) from Earth. The telescope is tracking the asteroid, causing stars to trail as the asteroid slowly moves across the sky.
* 2017 VR$_{12}$ on 5 March 2018, two days before closest approach. The asteroid was 1.9 million km (1.2 million mi) from Earth at that time, visible at 13th magnitude.
* Daily motion outside Moon's orbit.
* Motion across the sky from north to south during the 6 hours around closest approach.
# George Whiting

George Elbridge Whiting (September 14, 1840 – October 14, 1923) was an American composer of classical music.

## Early life and career

George Whiting was born in Holliston, Massachusetts on September 14, 1840. He founded the Beethoven Society in Hartford, Connecticut when he was fifteen years old. He moved to Boston, Massachusetts in 1862 and later to New York City. Whiting was a student of George Washbourne Morgan. He went to Liverpool, England, and studied with William Thomas Best. He later studied in Berlin with Carl August Haupt (harmony), Robert Radecke (orchestration), and others.
Whiting worked in various positions in Albany, New York and Boston. He succeeded John Henry Willcox as organist and choir master at the Church of the Immaculate Conception on the south side of Boston, where he composed his masses in C minor, F minor, and E♭ major.
He married Helen Aldrich on April 30, 1867, and they had one child.
In 1874, Whiting became organist of the Music Hall in Boston, Massachusetts. In 1878 he went to the Music Hall in Cincinnati, Ohio. During the 1870s he also taught organ to his nephew, composer Arthur Whiting.
Whiting was also for a time head of the organ department in the New England Conservatory. Among his pupils was Henry Morton Dunham.

## Death

Whiting died in Jamaica Plain, Boston on October 14, 1923.

## Musical works

His compositions include:
* Mass in C minor (1872)
* Mass in F minor (1874)
* Mass in F minor (undated)
* Dream Pictures (1874)
* The Tale of the Viking (1878 cantata)
* Leonora (1893 opera)
* Henry of Navarre (cantata)
* March of the Monks of Bangor (cantata)
* some pieces for orchestra
* several songs
* music for organ
* music for piano
He wrote several published texts, including:
* The Organist (Boston, 1870)
* The First Six Months on the Organ (Boston, 1871)
# Teleporter (disambiguation)

Teleporter may refer to:
* A device that enables teleportation
* A person that travels via teleportation
* A telescopic handler, a cherry-picker, a truck with a telescoping boom arm and crewed bucket
* Mushroom Networks Teleporter, a streaming broadcast system
* Teleporter (album), a 2000 compilation album by Pseudo Echo
* The Teleporter (film), a 2010 short film from "Chad, Matt & Rob"
* Der Teleporter (story; German: The Teleporter), a short story in the Perry Rhodan literary universe
# Mohamed Fadel Ismail Ould Es-Sweyih

Mohamed-Fadel Ould Ismail Ould Es-Sweyih (1949 or 1951 – 6 May 2002) was a Sahrawi nationalist politician, member of the Polisario Front. He was a prominent member of the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic diplomatic corps, holding several posts as SADR ambassador or Polisario Front representative.

## Career

In 1972 he got involved in the Embryonic Movement for the Liberation of Saguia el-Hamra and Río de Oro (the precursor of the Polisario Front) headed by El-Ouali Mustapha Sayed. As Ouali, he got arrested and tortured by Moroccan police during the Tan-Tan demonstrations (25–27 May). In 1975, he was part of the Information committee of the POLISARIO, where he became known as a journalist. Shortly after, he became the editor in chief of the Sáhara Libre newspaper.
From 1981, he started to manage as POLISARIO representative, first for Europe, then for France and Sweden. Subsequently, he was counselor to the presidency of the SADR, and to the Sahrawi Commission for the Referendum.
In 1995, he returned to his old post as POLISARIO representative for France. Briefly, he occupied in 1999 the SADR's Ministry of Information, being one of the founders of the Sahrawi Republic official press agency, the Sahara Press Service. In 1998 he wrote the book Les Sahraouis, published by the French editorial L'Harmattan.
From 1999 to 2001 he was appointed as SADR ambassador to Ethiopia, and permanent representative to the Organization for African Unity. In 2001 he was designated as POLISARIO representative for the United Kingdom and Ireland. That year he wrote the book La République Sahraouie ("The Sahrawi Republic"), where he reviews the history and the structure of the SADR. In the night of 5–6 May 2002, Fadel Ismail died in Brixton, London, due to an asthma crisis, followed by a heart attack.

## Legacy

Few days after his decease, Sahrawi students in El Aaiun renamed the "Hassan II school" as "Mohamed Fadel Ismail school". On late 2002, ARSO (French: 'Association de soutien à un Référendum libre et régulier au Sahara Occidental') published another Fadel Ismail book, entitled "Lettre à mon frère Marocaine" ("Letter to my Moroccan brother"), with an introduction by Ahmed Baba Miské. Also, an Italian solidarity association in Mantua was named "Associazione Fadel Ismail" in his honour.
A Sahrawi press and cultural centre in Algiers was named "Mohamed Fadel Ismail" in 2004 in his honour.