OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# 1963 in Afghanistan

The following lists events that happened during 1963 in Afghanistan.
Both the U.S. and the U.S.S.R. continue their road-building projects in Afghanistan. The U.S. grades and paves the road from Kabul to Peshawar (Pakistan) and is building another road, costing more than $30,000,000, from Kabul to Kandahar and thence to the Pakistan border. The Soviets are building a tunnel to connect the modern road from the Oxus river (their frontier with Afghanistan) to Kabul, at an estimated cost of $40,000,000.

## Incumbents

* Monarch - Mohammed Zahir Shah
* Prime Minister - Mohammed Daoud Khan (until 10 March), Mohammad Yusuf (starting 10 March)

## February 25, 1963

A Soviet-Afghan trade protocol is signed in Moscow, pursuant to which Afghanistan is to export wool, cotton, dried and fresh fruits, and oilseeds in exchange for motor vehicles, rolled steel, oil products, and consumer goods.

## March 1963

For the first time in Afghan history, a new administration is formed with no members of the royal family in the cabinet, when Sardar (Prince) Mohammad Daud Khan resigns and a commoner, Mohammad Yusuf, is appointed to the prime ministership. The new prime minister announces his cabinet on March 13, 1963; he makes several shifts within the cabinet, taking charge of external affairs, appointing new first and second deputy premiers, and changing other posts. His most controversial appointment is the designation of Gen. Mohammad Khan, who was dismissed as governor of Kandahar by a previous cabinet, as defense minister. The new prime minister undertakes serious currency reform, abrogating multiple rates which priced the Afghani to the U.S. dollar at anything from 20 to 57, while the free market rate was near 50.7. The new, uniform rate establishes 45 Afghanis to the dollar for all transactions. The reform is supported by the International Monetary Fund, which assigns Afghanistan a drawing fund of $5,625,000 to support Afghan foreign exchange reserves during the transition period.

## April 26, 1963

An announcement is made that the U.S. Agency for International Development (AID) has granted Afghanistan a loan of $2,652,000 for the purchase of three U.S. passenger aircraft to be used by Ariana Afghan Airlines.

## Week of May 11, 1963

Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan, the president of India, visits Kabul.

## June 4, 1963

The prime minister receives a unanimous vote of confidence from the National Assembly. During the same month a constitutional commission, aided by the French expert Louis Phojean, enters the final phases of drafting a new constitution.

## Late July 1963

In pursuance of better relations, the Afghan-Pakistan frontier is reopened, largely through the peace efforts of the Shah of Iran.

## Early September 1963

King Mohammad Zahir Shah and his queen pay their first state visit to Washington, D.C.; on September 7 the king and U.S. Pres. John F. Kennedy issue a joint statement which places special emphasis on the Afghan policy of nonalignment.
# Adrift: How Our World Lost Its Way

Adrift: How Our World Lost Its Way (French: Le Naufrage des civilisations) is a 2019 book by the French-Lebanese writer Amin Maalouf. It is a personal analysis of post-war international politics, covering geopolitics relating to the Middle East, increased social fragmentisation in Europe and changing political credibility in the United States. Maalouf names 1979 as a key year due to the Iranian Revolution and the election of Margaret Thatcher.
# Solomon Davin of Rodez

Solomon Davin of Rodez (Hebrew: שלמה דוין דרודיש, romanized: Shlomo Davin de-Rodish) was a Jewish astronomer who lived in the second half of the fourteenth century. He was a disciple of Immanuel Bonfils in Orange.
He translated from Latin into Hebrew, under the title Sefer mishpete ha-kokhavim, Abu al-Ḥasan Ali ibn Abi Rijal's astronomical and astrological work Kitab al-bari' fi ahkam an-nujum ('The Brilliant Book on the Judgments of the Stars'). Davin's translation, attested in three manuscripts, is accompanied by glosses, which begin with the abbreviated form of his name—אשד״ת המעתיק (אמר שלמה דוין תלמיד, 'And said Solomon Davin, the disciple, the translator'). Davin also translated the astronomical tables of Paris.
# Mohammad Khan, Khuzestan

Mohammad Khan (Persian: محمدخان, also Romanized as Moḩammad Khān; also known as Pāpī Kamp) is a village in Howmeh Rural District, in the Central District of Andimeshk County, Khuzestan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 333, in 65 families.
# Addictive Aversions

Addictive Aversions, by Alfredo de Palchi, is a book of erotic and anti-erotic poems written originally in Italian under the title Le Viziose Avversioni.

## Editions

* Addictive Aversions, translated from Italian by Sonia Raiziss and others. Grand Terrace, CA: Xenos Books, (1999). ISBN 1-879378-38-8 (paper), 138 p.
# Irish Dominican College, Louvain

The Irish Dominican College, Louvain (French: Collège des Dominicains Irlandais, Louvain) or The Irish Dominican College of Holy Cross (French: Collège de la Sainte Croix , Louvain), was a college in Louvain, in the Spanish Netherlands (present day Belgium) set up during the Penal Laws to train Irish Dominican priests, to minister in Ireland.

## History

Following on from efforts from the provincial Nicholas Lynch and Thaddeaus O'Duan who obtained a residence for Irish students in Louvain in 1608, the college was founded in 1626, it was originally named after St. John the Baptist, the name of the church at Caser's fort, where it was founded, it was subsequently dedicated to St. Margaret. A priory built in 1650 and chapel in 1659, also in 1659 the college was fully incorporated into the Old University of Leuven/Louvain, and the college was renamed the College of the Holy Cross. Latin was the language used in the university.
The provincial at the time of its foundation was Roche Mac Geoghan. Daniel O'Daly, who set up the Dominican college in lisbon, taught theology and was appointed rector of Louvain in 1627 serving until 1629. Oliver Burke served as rector from 1634 to 1636, John Nolan (1639-1640), Dominic O'Kelly prior 1659-1660, and the Irish-born Bishop of New York John Connolly studied in the college.

## Closure

With the other colleges it was also suppressed in 1797, following the French revolution and French control of the Spanish Netherlands, the property sold and buildings destroyed in 1799–1800, the street name in La Rue des Dominicains Irlandais now in Flemish lerse Predikherenstraat (Irish Preachers' Street) is all that remains.

## People associated with the Irish Dominican College, Louvain

* William Barry, served as prior following defeat of James II
* Edmund Bourke OP, was regent of the Irish Dominican College in Louvain
* Pádraigín Haicéad OP, poet and dominican priest
* John O'Heyne OP, regent of studies (1685–8)
* Colman O'Shaughnessy OP, dominican friar, professor of theology, became Bishop of Ossory
* John Sheehan OP, was prior when the french sezied the college after the revolution
# Redondo Hill Private Wildlife Refuge

Redondo Hill Private Wildlife Refuge (Spanish: Refugio de Vida Silvestre Privado Cerro Redondo), is a protected area in Costa Rica, managed under the Central Pacific Conservation Area, it was created in 1997 by decree 26202-MINAE.
# Dronne

The Dronne (French pronunciation:, also Drône,; Occitan: Drona) is a 201-kilometre (125 mi) long river in southwestern France, right tributary of the Isle, which itself is a tributary of the Dordogne. The source of the Dronne is in the north-western Massif Central, east of the town of Châlus (south-west of Limoges) at an elevation of 510 metres (1,670 ft). It flows south-west through the following départements and towns:
* Haute-Vienne
* Dordogne: Saint-Pardoux-la-Rivière, Brantôme, Ribérac
* Charente: Aubeterre-sur-Dronne
* Charente-Maritime
* Gironde: Coutras
The Dronne flows into the Isle in Coutras.
Among its tributaries are the Lizonne and the Côle.
# Sins railway station

Sins railway station (German: Bahnhof Sins) is a railway station in the municipality of Sins, in the Swiss canton of Aargau. It is an intermediate stop on the standard gauge Rupperswil–Immensee line of Swiss Federal Railways.

## Services

The following services stop at Sins:
* Aargau S-Bahn S26: half-hourly service between Lenzburg and Rotkreuz, with every other train continuing from Lenzburg to Olten.
# Peyrilhac

Peyrilhac (French pronunciation:; Occitan: Pairilhac) is a commune in the Haute-Vienne department in the Nouvelle-Aquitaine region in west-central France.
Inhabitants are known as Peyrilhacois.
# Pub cheese

Pub cheese is a type of soft cheese spread or dip prepared using cheese as a primary ingredient and usually with some type of beer or ale added. While beer cheese is made with beer, pub cheese can be made without alcohol. Pub cheese is a traditional bar snack in the United States.
Pub cheese is sometimes prepared using a mix of processed cheese and pure cheese. It can be made with smoked cheeses or liquid smoke added to impart a smoky flavor. It is typically served with crackers or vegetables, which may be dipped into the cheese or used as a base for spreading. It is also used as a topping on sandwiches, such as hamburgers.
It is a mass-produced product in the United States. The dairy brand Président sells pub cheese, and Trader Joe's has a store brand of pub cheese.
Some bars, breweries, public houses and restaurants produce their own versions of pub cheeses.
# Bremen clause

The Bremen clause (German: Bremer Klausel) is Article 141 of the Basic Law for the Federal Republic of Germany.

## Background

The clause states:
   Artikel 7 Abs. 3 Satz 1 findet keine Anwendung in einem Lande, in dem am 1. Januar 1949 eine andere landesrechtliche Regelung bestand. The first sentence of paragraph (3) of Article 7 shall not apply in any state where state law provides otherwise on 1 January 1949.
The sentence cited provides:
   Der Religionsunterricht ist in den öffentlichen Schulen mit Ausnahme der bekenntnisfreien Schulen ordentliches Lehrfach. Religious instruction shall form part of the regular curriculum in state schools, with the exception of non-denominational schools.
It limits the range of application of the constitutional (Basic Law) rule over religious education, making it possible to have other types of instruction in some areas of Germany. A well-known example is the "instruction in Biblical history" in Bremen. It is not religious education in the sense of the Basic Law, because its content is not accountable to a religious order; therefore it is not a "common affair" (res mixta).
# Dashli Borun District

Dashli Borun District (Persian: بخش داشلی ‌برون) is in Gonbad-e Kavus County, Golestan province, Iran. Its capital is the city of Incheh Borun.

## History

After the 2016 National Census, the village of Korand was elevated to the status of a city.

## Demographics
### Population

At the time of the 2006 census, the district's population was 21,839 in 4,428 households. The following census in 2011 counted 24,197 people in 5,756 households. The 2016 census measured the population of the district as 27,181 inhabitants in 7,225 households.

### Administrative divisions

Dashli Borun District Population :
| Administrative Divisions | 2006 | 2011 | 2016 |
| Atrak RD | 12,468 | 13,405 | 15,244 |
| Kerend RD | 7,607 | 8,511 | 9,443 |
| Incheh Borun (city) | 1,764 | 2,281 | 2,494 |
| Korand (city) | | | |
| Total | 21,839 | 24,197 | 27,181 |
| RD = Rural District ||||
# Owghan, West Azerbaijan

Owghan (Persian: اوغن; also known as Owghāl) is a village in Lahijan-e Sharqi Rural District, Lajan District, Piranshahr County, West Azerbaijan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 159, in 21 families.
# Sar Cheshmeh, Esfarayen

Sar Cheshmeh (Persian: سرچشمه, also Romanized as Sar Chashmeh) is a village in Milanlu Rural District, in the Central District of Esfarayen County, North Khorasan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 355, in 80 families.
# USS Bobolink (AMS-2)

USS Bobolink (AMS-2/YMS-164) was a YMS-1-class minesweeper of the YMS-135 subclass acquired by the U.S. Navy for the task of removing mines that had been placed in the water to prevent ships from passing.
YMS-164 was laid down on 24 April 1942 at Benton Harbor, Michigan, by the Dachel-Carter Shipbuilding Corporation; launched on 28 November 1942, sponsored by Mrs. Anna Arny; and commissioned on 14 April 1943.

## Operational history

During the first 15 months of her active service, the motor minesweeper operated along the east coast of the United States. In July 1944, she voyaged across the Atlantic Ocean to participate in the invasion of southern France and, but for refueling and replenishment breaks at Corsica, remained off that coast sweeping mines from the first assaults on the morning of 15 August until 21 September. At that time, she moved to Palermo, Sicily, where she performed additional minesweeping duties. YMS-164 continued to serve at various locations in the Mediterranean through the end of hostilities in Europe.
The minesweeper headed back to the United States late in June 1945 and arrived in New York on Independence Day of that year. Not long thereafter, YMS-164 moved to the U.S. West Coast and ultimately to duty at Pearl Harbor, Hawaii, where she was serving at the end of World War II. Back on the west coast by the late spring of 1946, she was decommissioned at San Diego, California, on 7 June 1946.
While in reserve at San Diego, the minesweeper was named Bobolink and redesignated AMS-2 on 17 February 1947. Though still out of commission, she served as a training ship for naval reservists in the 12th Naval District from November 1948 to May 1950.
Bobolink was recommissioned at San Diego on 9 May 1950, and soon returned to active operations out of Pearl Harbor as a unit of the Pacific Fleet Mine Force. That assignment lasted until July 1953 when she returned to duty at San Diego for five months of operations from that port.
In January 1954, she steamed via the Panama Canal to Charleston, South Carolina, where she became a unit of Mine Division (MinDiv) 43. Charleston served as her base of operations until March 1954 when she moved to the Mine Countermeasures Station at Panama City, Florida, located on the Gulf Coast of western Florida. That occupation prevailed for a year. In February 1955, Bobolink returned to Charleston to begin conversion to a coastal mine hunter. On 7 February 1955, she was redesignated MHC 44.
The modifications took about seven months. She then conducted refresher training out of Norfolk, Virginia, from October to December before reporting for duty to the Commandant, 1st Naval District. Operations out of Boston, Massachusetts, and along the Atlantic coast occupied her for the next two years.
On 2 December 1957, Bobolink was decommissioned at Green Cove Springs, Florida, and was berthed with the Atlantic Reserve Fleet group there. She remained in reserve until her name was struck from the Navy list on 1 January 1960.
Bobolink earned one battle star for service in World War II as YMS 164.
# Frank Dufina

Frank Dufina (June 30, 1884 – August 11, 1972) was an American professional golfer of original Mackinac, also known as Imakinakos or Michinemackinawgo, Indian descent in the early years of the sport in the United States.
Dufina began his career in 1898 at the just-opened Wawashkamo Golf Club on Mackinac Island, Michigan, where he became the club professional. A member of the Mackinac Island Band of Chippewa and Ottawa Indians as enumerated on the Durant Indian Rolls, he was among the first Native Americans to play golf on the professional circuit. Dufina played in the Western Open in 1911 and 1922.
He continued to play and in 1968 was named as the "Longest Working Golf Professional in History" by Golf Digest. He counted many early golf professionals among his friends, including golf legend Walter Hagen. In contrast with his friend Hagen's 5'10" stature, Dufina stood under 5' in height, often dwarfed by those around him. Though it is said that what he lacked in height, a traditional characteristic of the Michinemackinawgo people, he made up for in force of personality. He, along with other notable golfers such as Arnold Palmer, served as a pallbearer at Hagen's funeral. Named for him, the Frank Dufina Match Play Championship is held annually at Wawashkamo Golf Club. Wawashkamo's golf course is the oldest course in the state of Michigan.
Dufina was included in the 1999 book, Walk a Crooked Trail – A Centennial History of Wawashkamo Golf Club. In 2023, Dufina was featured in the book, The Charming Gentleman of the Game of Golf and in the 2024 book, Native Links: The Surprising History of Our First People in Golf.
# Torresmos

Torresmos (lit. 'cracklings') is a pork dish from the Azores. While the dish is named after the pork cracklings, it also refers to the cooking method and meat preservation of the dish created prior to refrigeration.
While the cracklings are made the same day a pig is butchered, the dish itself does not entirely contain cracklings but is made with the other pork parts that are made in large batches and stored in clay jars to be consumed throughout the year.
Torresmos is made of various pig parts such as pork butt, spareribs, pork belly, and liver. The pork parts are seasoned with garlic, salt, and various spices―pepper, paprika, bay leaf, cloves, cinnamon― and stewed with wine until dry. The pork is then transferred to a large earthen jar with enough lard to cover the meat. Throughout the year, pieces of meat can be taken out of the jars with a little of the lard to be pan-fried until brown or crispy.
Torresmos is similar to carne de vinha d'alhos. However, unlike torresmos the pork is previously cooked and reheated prior to consumption, while the pork in carne de vinha d'alhos is typically pickled (in wine or vinegar) for long-term preservation before cooking.
# Huron River (disambiguation)

The Huron River is a river in southeast Michigan that empties into Lake Erie.
Huron River may also refer to:

## Rivers

* Huron River (rivière du Chêne tributary), Chaudière-Appalaches, Quebec, Canada

### United States

* Huron River (northern Michigan) or Big Huron River in the northern Upper Peninsula of Michigan that empties into Lake Superior
* Little Huron River in the northern Upper Peninsula of Michigan that empties into Lake Superior
* Huron River (Ohio) in north central Ohio that empties into Lake Erie

## Other uses

* Huron River platform (2011), the seventh-generation Centrino platform CPUs from Intel
* Huron River Area Credit Union, Michigan, USA
# Peter Cronan

Peter Joseph Cronan (born January 13, 1955) is an American former professional football linebacker in the National Football League (NFL) for the Washington Redskins and Seattle Seahawks. He played both defensive line and linebacker during his college football career at Boston College and was an All-East performer. Selected by the Seattle Seahawks in the second round of the 1977 NFL draft. He was traded to the Washington Redskins (now Commanders) team where he earned two Super Bowl rings as Captain of the special teams. He has been the color commentator on the Boston College radio broadcasts since 1988. His broadcast partners have included, Gil Santos, Dale Arnold, Dick Lutsk, Sean McDonough, Sean Grande, John Rooke, and his current partner Jon Meterparel.
# Jangal Shur

Jangal Shur (Persian: جنگل شور, also Romanized as Jangal Shūr) is a village in Kuhestan Rural District, Jazmurian District, Rudbar-e Jonubi County, Kerman Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 37, in 12 families.
# Sommerfeld effect

In mechanics, Sommerfeld effect is a phenomenon arising from feedback in the energy exchange between vibrating systems: for example, when for the rocking table, under given conditions, energy transmitted to the motor resulted not in higher revolutions but in stronger vibrations of the table. It is named after Arnold Sommerfeld. In 1902, A. Sommerfeld analyzed the vibrations caused by a motor driving an unbalanced weight and wrote that "This experiment corresponds roughly to the case in which a factory owner has a machine set on a poor foundation running at 30 horsepower. He achieves an effective level of just 1/3, however, because only 10 horsepower are doing useful work, while 20 horsepower are transferred to the foundational masonry". First mathematical descriptions of Sommerfeld effect were suggested by I. Blekhman and V. Konenko.

## Hidden attractors in Sommerfeld effect

In the theory of hidden oscillations, Sommerfeld effect is explained by the multistability and presence in the phase space of dynamical model without stationary states of two coexisting hidden attractors, one of which attracts trajectories from vicinity of zero initial data (which correspond to the typical start up of the motor), and the other attractor corresponds to the desired mode of operation with a higher frequency of rotation. Depending on the model under consideration, coexisting hidden attractors in the model may be either periodic or chaotic; such dynamical models with Sommerfeld effect are the earliest known mechanical example of a system without equilibria and with hidden attractors. For example, the Sommerfeld effect with hidden attractors can be observed in dynamic models of drilling rigs, where the electric motor may excite torsional vibrations of the drill.
# Brandon Jennings (American football)

Brandon Jennings (born July 15, 1978) is an American former professional football player who was a cornerback in the National Football League (NFL). He played his college football for the Texas A&M Aggies. Jennings was signed as an undrafted free agent by the Oakland Raiders in 2000. He played four seasons for the Raiders, Cleveland Browns, Green Bay Packers, and Houston Texans.

## Professional career

Jennings went undrafted in the 2000 NFL draft, but was signed by the Oakland Raiders. During his rookie season in 2000 he recorded one tackle. On October 14, 2001, Jennings was waived by the Oakland Raiders. On October 17, 2001, Jennings was claimed off waivers by the Cleveland Browns. On October 24, 2001, Jennings was waived by the Cleveland Browns. On October 29, 2001, the Oakland Raiders signed Jennings to their practice squad. On November 7, 2001, the Oakland Raiders promoted Jennings to their active roster. On November 14, 2001, the Oakland Raiders released Jennings from their active roster and re-signed him to their practice squad two days later. Jennings recorded 12 combined tackles in 2001 and appeared in eight games.
On September 1, 2002, the Oakland Raiders released Jennings as part of their final roster cuts. On October 9, 2002, the Green Bay Packers signed Jennings to their practice squad. On October 15, 2002, the Green Bay Packers released Jennings from their practice squad. On October 24, 2002, the Oakland Raiders signed Jennings to their practice squad. The following day, the Oakland Raiders promoted Jennings from their practice squad to their active roster. On January 12, 2003, the Oakland Raiders waived Jennings. On January 27, 2003, the Houston Texans claimed Jennings off of waivers. On February 27, 2003, the Houston Texans offered Jennings a one-year, $605,000 tender as a restricted free agent. One March 21, 2003, it was reported that Jennings had officially signed his restricted free agent tender with the Houston Texans. On August 13, 2003, the Houston Texans released Jennings as part of their roster cuts.
# Chahkandak

Chahkandak (Persian: چهكندك, also Romanized as Chāhkandak and Chahkandūk; also known as Chāh Kand) is a village in Barakuh Rural District, Jolgeh-e Mazhan District, Khusf County, South Khorasan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 58, in 21 families.