OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Norske jenter omskjæres

Norske jenter omskjæres (English: Norwegian girls are being circumcised) is a Norwegian television documentary that was aired in two parts as part of the Rikets tilstand investigative series on TV 2 on 27 September and 4 October 2000, which exposed the secret support by Norwegian imams of female genital mutilation (FGM).

## Overview and reactions

Tonje Steinsland was the reporter, and Hege Storhaug was the researcher for Norske jenter omskjæres. Their documentary filmed several Norwegian imams, who while stating to oppose FGM in interviews with Steinsland, were later seen in hidden camera footage with the 20-year old Somali Muslim woman Kadra Yusuf who worked for the documentary, asking for advice, to encourage her and her six and three year old sisters, to go through with the procedure following pressure from their family.
The Muslim leaders exposed in the documentary were Kebba Secka, leader of the Islamic Council Norway and an Oslo high school teacher with child protective service education, imam Fakebba Jagana from Gambia, Ebrahim Saidy from Gambia (considered to be a "liberal" imam), and imam Sheikh Muumin. FGM had been banned in Norway in 1995, with a penalty of up to eight years in prison. The documentary demonstrated Norwegian Muslims in turn sending their daughters abroad to be mutilated. The documentary caused major reactions in Norwegian and African society in Norway. Six Norwegian government departments established task force groups to investigate the issue, with the government deciding to spend between 5 and 10 million kr to combat FGM in 2001.
The Norwegian state suspended financial support to three Muslim religious groups as a result of the documentary. One of these, the mosque Tawfiiq Islamic Center, sued TV 2 in 2003 for the documentary for having damaged much of its reputation. The mosque lost the case in 2004. Norske jenter omskjæres won a SKUP diploma for 2000 and the Gullruten award for best documentary in 2001.
# Preiļupe

The Preiļupe (Polish: Prelka) is a stream in Latvia (Latgale) in Riebinu, Preiļu and Vārkava counties. It is 19 kilometres (12 mi) long and is a left tributary of the river Feimanka. Its source is Salmejs Lake, from which it flows westward, through the city of Preili, and then into the Feimanka in the area of Škilteri. Its estimated terrain elevation is 124 metres above sea level.
# Eslamabad-e Khalaj

Eslamabad-e Khalaj (Persian: اسلام ابادخلج, also Romanized as Eslāmābād-e Khalaj) is a village in Pain Rokh Rural District, Jolgeh Rokh District, Torbat-e Heydarieh County, Razavi Khorasan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 266, in 62 families.
# Tamote Shinpin Shwegugyi Temple

The Tamote Shinpin Shwegugyi Temple (Burmese: တမုတ်ရှင်ပင်ရွှေဂူကြီးဘုရား) is a Buddhist temple in Kyaukse, Mandalay Region, Myanmar. It was originally built by King Anawrahta of Pagan, and the second storey added by King Narapatisithu, and both were encased inside a huge stupa built by King Uzana of the Pinya dynasty. It was one of nine pagodas outside the ancient city that denoted the extent of the Bagan Empire. The temple had a pagoda on top was discovered to be hiding another pagoda inside, which in turn encased a two-storey temple.

## Location

The temple is located about northwest of Kyaukse on the road leading to the town of Tada-U. It is near Kyaung Pangon and Nyaung Pin Sauk villages.

## History

The first one-storey temple was built by King Anawrahta in the 11th century, and his grandson King Narapatisithu made it with double storey cave temple decorated Jataka stories on the upper terrace in the 12th century, and finally the whole was encased in the 14th century by King Uzana, and further protected by nature. Over the years this became hidden underneath a hill, which in 1915 was topped by a new stupa. In 1993 some traces of an ancient brick structure were detected at the foot of the hill, but permission to excavate was only granted in 2008 due to concerns that doing so would damage the encasing stupa.
In 2015, the Ministry of Religious Affairs and Culture designated Tamote Shinpin Shwegugyi Temple as an ancient heritage site of Myanmar.

## Gallery

* Tamote Shinpin Shwegugyi Temple.
* Stone images featuring flora and mythical creature motifs in relief, similar in craftsmanship to those found in Bagan.
* Stone-carved images
* Reclining Buddha in the temple.
* Buddha statues.
* Tamote Shinpin Shwegugyi Temple compound in 2016.
# Tombakowa młodzież

The tombakowa młodzież (tombak youth) were members of a youth subculture in Warsaw during World War II.

## History

During the Second Polish Republic jazz became an increasingly popular genre of music among young urbanites. Following the Nazi occupation the jazz phenomenon intensified with groups of youths in Warsaw becoming noticeable for their love of jazz, pleasure seeking attitude, and style of dress. Members of the subculture were reputed to use sophisticated German in the presence of Nazis in an acerbic display of flattery.
While the German propaganda newspaper Nowy Kurier Warszawski condemned the tombakowa młodzież for their style of dress, participants of the subculture were also derided as traitors to Poland due to their seemingly carefree behaviour under the occupation.
The tombakowa młodzież have been considered the progenitors of the later post-war bikini boys subculture.

## Style

Comparable in fashion to their French contemporaries the zazous, the tombakowa młodzież were known for wearing knee length jackets and slim trousers.
# Poshteh-ye Kol Kol

Poshteh-ye Kol Kol (Persian: پشته كل كل; also known as Peleh-ye Kolkol and Pelleh Kalkal) is a village in Kol Kol Rural District, in the Asemanabad District of Chardavol County, Ilam Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 111, in 19 families. The village is populated by Kurds.
# Ankho

Ankho (Russian: Анхо) is a rural locality (a selo) in Chankovsky Selsoviet, Botlikhsky District, Republic of Dagestan, Russia. The population was 35 as of 2010.

## Geography

Ankho is located 15 km north of Botlikh (the district's administrative centre) by road, on the Chankovskaya River. Khando is the nearest rural locality.
# Bayram Khwaja

Bayram Khwaja Yiwa (Azerbaijani: Bayram xoca Yıva) was the founder of the Qara Qoyunlu, a Muslim Turkoman tribal confederation, that in a short space of time came to rule the territory comprising present-day Azerbaijan, Georgia, Armenia, northwestern Iran, eastern Turkey, and northeastern Iraq from about 1374 to 1468.

## Family

Bayram Khwaja was the son of Qara Mansur. He had a brother named Qara Dursun, whose son, Qara Mahammad, succeeded Bayram. He had two other brothers: Murad, was governor of Baghdad c. 1364; and Berdi Khwaja. He belonged to the Baharlu clan of the Yiva Tribe.

## Biography

Under the Mongol rule, Qara Qoyunlu's were subject to the Oirats, and their kishlaks (winter quarters) were near Mosul, while yaylaks were located in the Van region, specifically Erciş. In 1337, Qara Qoyunlu were vassalized by the Sutayids, who gained control of the region. Their head, Pīr Muḥammad was killed by one of his emirs, Husein Beg, in 1350, who was murdered the next year by Bayram Khwaja, usurping control of the territory. Although Bayram Khwaja was initially unsuccessful in taking Mosul from Ordu Bugha, Ḥusayn Beg’s nephew, he eventually captured the city and made his brother, Berdi Khwaja, its governor.
Bayram is first recorded in service to Huseyin beg, a Turkmen warlord who killed Pir Muhammed of Sinjar and usurped his city. Huseyin beg and his company were attacked by the Ayyubid lord of Hasankeyf, Al-Adil, in 1350; however, they defeated him. Bayram in turn usurped Huseyin Beg's position and declared his independence in 1351.
Bayram besieged Mardin, which at the time was ruled by the Artuqid Mansur Ahmed (r. 1363–1367), in 1366. Mansur called for Shaikh Awais Jalayir's help. Awais responded and defeated and subjugated Bayram Khwaja in a battle near Muş. He then besieged Mosul in 1371, but retreated on hearing news of the approach of a Mamluk force.
Bayram acted more independently after Awais' withdrawal. He subsequently invaded Mosul, Sinjar, Surmelu [tr], Khoy and Nakhchivan in 1374. The new Jalairid sultan, Hussain, moved against Qara Mahammad and attacked Erciş, his new base. Despite Bayram's help, the Kara Koyunlus suffered heavy casualties and were subjugated in 1374, becoming vassals of the Jalairid Sultanate, which was centered in Baghdad and Tabriz.

### Succession

Bayram died in 1380 and was succeeded by his brother Berdi Khwaja, about whose reign nothing is known. He was followed by Qara Mahammad.
# Brezici (Derventa)

Brezici (Serbian: Брезици) is a village in the municipality of Derventa, Bosnia and Herzegovina.
# Chapar Quymeh

Chapar Quymeh (Persian: چپرقويمه, also Romanized as Chapar Qūymeh; also known as Chīr Qūymeh) is a village in Aqabad Rural District, in the Central District of Gonbad-e Qabus County, Golestan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 633, in 124 families.
# Chopul Kesh

Chopul Kesh (Persian: چپول كش, also Romanized as Chopūl Kesh and Chapūl Kesh) is a village in Sardar-e Jangal Rural District, Sardar-e Jangal District, Fuman County, Gilan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 19, in 4 families.
# Jan Wüstenfeld

Jan Christoph Wüstenfeld (born 26 June 1975) is a German biathlete. He competed in the men's 20 km individual event at the 1998 Winter Olympics.
Wüstenfeld married German biathlete Katja Beer in 2010.

## Biathlon results

All results are sourced from the International Biathlon Union.

### Olympic Games

| Event | Individual | Sprint | Relay |
| 1998 Nagano | 32nd | — | — |

### Individual victories

1 victories (1 Sp)
| Season | Date | Location | Discipline | Level |
| 1997–98 1 victory (1 In) | 18 December 1997 | Kontiolahti | 10 km sprint | Biathlon World Cup |
    *Results are from UIPMB and IBU races which include the Biathlon World Cup, Biathlon World Championships and the Winter Olympic Games.
# Sharif Waked

Sharif Waked (Arabic: شريف واكد) (born 1964) is a Palestinian visual artist.

## Biography

Sharif Waked was born in Nazareth to a Palestinian refugee family from Mjedil, a depopulated Palestinian village. He lives and works in Haifa and Nazareth. In 1983-1986, he studied art and philosophy at Haifa University.

## Art career

Waked’s work is part of the permanent collections of the Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum (NY), Sharjah Art Foundation (UAE), Fondation Louis-Vuitton pour la création (Paris), Israel Museum Jerusalem, Queensland Art Gallery, South Brisbane, Australia, and the Barjeel Art Foundation (UAE). In her critique of Waked's painting "Melancholia," Naomi Aviv writes: "Waked juxtaposes slivers of sayings and fragments of images drawn from the reservoirs of memory. The sentence and the image are stitched together with computer processing, which is photographed from the screen, printed and scanned, and the process is then repeated. The act of photographing captures also the flash of light that is reflected as a darkish beam on the computer screen and becomes an integral part of the picture, endowing it with a dramatic effect. The invasive beam of light has an aesthetic value, but also the troubling and subversive presence of a foreign element: as though someone is trying to illuminate the art work with a flashlight in order to ferret in its innards; as though the art work itself is suspected of subversion."

## Awards and recognition

* 2007 - Ministry of Science, Culture and Sport
* Anderson Prize and Mark of Distinction, Israel Museum, Jerusalem, for children's book illustration, "A Child Going Upstairs"
# Pasgah Hudian

Pasgah Hudian (Persian: پاسگاه هوديان, also Romanized as Pāsgāh Hūdīān) is a village in Hudian Rural District, in the Central District of Dalgan County, Sistan and Baluchestan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 322, in 71 families.
# Chinese Massacre Cove

Chinese Massacre Cove is an area along the Snake River in Wallowa County, Oregon, United States. It is located in the Wallowa–Whitman National Forest and the Hells Canyon National Recreation Area, upriver from the Snake's confluence with the Imnaha River. In May 1887, it was the location of the Hells Canyon Massacre, where up to thirty-four Chinese gold miners were ambushed, murdered, and robbed.

## History

Chinese Massacre Cove is the site of one of the most brutal crimes committed against Chinese immigrants in the Northwest United States. In May 1887, thirty-four Chinese gold miners were ambushed by horse thieves from Wallowa County. The crime was initially discovered through the appearance of dead bodies floating in the Snake River near Lewiston, Idaho, with little accuracy of crime specifics. The crime and its details were later found under the direction of Lee Loi of the Sam Yup Company of San Francisco, a significant employer of Chinese miners who sought the help of Judge Joseph K. Vincent to investigate the situation. Vincent reported his findings to the Chinese consulate in San Francisco, which sought help from the U.S. State Department. The information given included a description of the bodies of the deceased Chinese immigrants, the vague background of the deceased Chinese immigrants, and information on the gang of killers. More than a year after the murders, a trial in Enterprise, Oregon was held in front of a grand jury on September 1, 1888, which accused six men and one teenager, of the nine total, of murder. However, none of them were punished for the crime. Over time, the massacre was gradually forgotten.
In 2005, the location was officially renamed from the "Deep Creek Massacre site" to "Chinese Massacre Cove" by the U.S. Board on Geographic Names to commemorate the crime. Each year after that, conferences and healing ceremonies were held at the site by local representatives in remembrance of the murders of the Chinese immigrants victimized in the attack. In June 2012, a permanent granite memorial was established to honor the thirty-four Chinese miners. The text on the memorial in English, Chinese, and Nez Perce (the language of earlier inhabitants of the area) reads, "Chinese Massacre Cove — Site of the 1887 massacre of as many as 34 Chinese gold miners — No one was held accountable." These words stand to represent the silently oppressed population of Chinese, Native Americans, and other minority races in the area who experienced insufficient justice regarding criminal victimization and injustice against their races.
* granite memorial
# Nizhnaya Poltavka

Nizhnaya Poltavka (Russian: Нижняя Полтавка) is a rural locality (a selo) in Nizhnepoltavsky Selsoviet of Konstantinovsky District, Amur Oblast, Russia. The population was 1,177 as of 2018. There are 12 streets.

## Geography

Nizhnaya Poltavka is located 31 km northeast of Konstantinovka (the district's administrative centre) by road. Klyuchi is the nearest rural locality.
# Ayas Pasha

Ayas Pasha may refer to:
* Ayas Pasha of Bosnia (died 1486), Ottoman governor of Bosnia
* Ayas Mehmed Pasha (1483–1539), Ottoman grand vizier
# Treason Act 1766

The Treason Act 1766 (6 Geo. 3. c. 53) was an Act of the Parliament of Great Britain. The long title was "An Act for altering the Oath of Abjuration and the Assurance; and for amending so much of an Act of the Seventh Year of her late Majesty Queen Anne, intituled, An Act for the Improvement of the Union of the two Kingdoms, as, after the Time therein limited, requires the Delivery of certain Lists and Copies therein mentioned to Persons indicted of High Treason, or Misprision of Treason."
Sections 1 and 2 of the Act were concerned with the oath of abjuration. Section 3 of the Act disapplied certain procedural requirements in cases of high treason consisting of counterfeiting the king's coin; namely the requirement that the accused be given a list of the witnesses and the jurors. (This requirement had only come into force in 1766, on the death of James Francis Edward Stuart, the Jacobite pretender to the throne.)
It was repealed on 15 June 1945.
# Qutalmish

Qutalmish ibn Arslan Isra'il (Persian: قتلمش) (alternative spellings: Qutalmis, Kutalmish, Kutalmış) was a Turkic prince who was a member of Seljukid house in the 11th century. His son Kutalmışoğlu Suleiman, founded the Sultanate of Rum in what is now Turkey.

## Sultanate of Rûm

Kutalmish was the son of Arslan Yabgu and a cousin of Tughril and played a vital role in the conquests of the Seljuk Turks. In 1046, he was sent with an army by Tughril to force back the Byzantine army at Ganja and was victorious.
He supported a rebellion against Tughril and contested the succession to the throne with Alp Arslan. (see Battle of Damghan (1063)) According to the historian Ali ibn al-Athir, Kutalmish knew the sciences of the stars. He had five sons, among them Mansur and Suleiman, who was recognized as Sultan of Rûm by Malik Shah I in 1084.

## Name

"Kut Almış" means "he that has received fortune (majesty)".
# Preston Parks

Preston Parks was a faithless elector during the 1948 United States presidential election.
A member of the Tennessee Democratic Party, Parks was chosen by his party as an elector for Democratic nominees—Harry S. Truman and Alben W. Barkley. However, he actively campaigned for the Dixiecrats, a splinter group of segregationist Southern Democrats, who ran their own (Strom Thurmond/Fielding L. Wright) ticket, opposing Truman's civil rights policy.
This made Parks the only elector pledged to one party who had campaigned for another ticket. Truman carried Tennessee but Preston, although formally pledged to him, cast his vote, as vowed, on Thurmond and Wright. The other Democratic Tennessee elector took the same vow as Parks, but ultimately voted for the Democratic Party ticket.
Parks' sole faithless vote, in addition to votes from States carried by Thurmond (South Carolina, Mississippi, Alabama and Louisiana), gave the Dixiecrat ticket a total count of 39 votes in the electoral college.
# Tiba Tomaj

Tiba from the kindred Tomaj (Hungarian: Tomaj nembeli Tiba; died after 1209) was a Hungarian noble at the turn of the 12th and 13th centuries, who assassinated Palatine Csépán Győr in 1209.

## Life

Tiba was born into the gens (clan) Tomaj of Pecheneg origin, but his kinship relations to the other members of the large kindred is uncertain. He owned Lesencetomaj in Zala County just before the murder.
A document from 1216 narrates that Tiba murdered incumbent palatine Csépán Győr in 1209. The victim's brother Pat Győr, who succeeded him in the dignity, summoned the suspected perpetrator "before the king's presence", but, instead, Tiba fled the Kingdom of Hungary. After his conduct, the court considered the allegations justified, and Tiba was convicted and sentenced to death in absentia by Andrew II and his fellow appointed judges. Pat was granted the confiscated lands of Tiba, including Lesencetomaj as a compensation shortly thereafter. Pat sold the estate to Atyusz III Atyusz, who himself sold it to Tiba's relative Peter in 1216.
The motivation of the murder is unclear; historian Erik Fügedi considered it as the "first documented political assassination" in Hungary. Bálint Hóman assumed a connection between Tiba's crime and a failed conspiracy against Andrew in the same year, when a group of discontented Hungarian lords offered the crown to Andrew's cousins, the sons of Andrew's uncle, Géza. Accordingly, Tiba would have been a participant of that conspiracy, and had to flee from the realm after the failure of the coup. Historian Pál Szabó analyzed the verdict's narrative and political circumstances (only a single private law document mentions the felony), and considered Csépán was killed by Tiba for personal reasons.
# Ohio Valley–style pizza

Ohio Valley–style pizza is a pizza made with cold toppings sprinkled over a square crust that has been covered with a savory or sweet tomato sauce. It originated in Steubenville, Ohio and is served in parts of Ohio, Pennsylvania and West Virginia, mostly in and near the Ohio Valley region of those states.

## History

Ohio Valley–style pizza was invented in Steubenville, Ohio, by Primo DiCarlo when he returned to the United States after serving in World War II. DiCarlo had eaten pizza in Italy during the war, and attempted to recreate it in the United States. In 1945 he opened the Original DiCarlo's Famous Pizza Shop with his parents Michael and Caroline, Italian immigrants who had opened up bakeries in Ohio and California. Their shop was the first licensed pizza restaurant in Ohio. They opened a second location in Wheeling, West Virginia, four years later. They subsequently opened locations in Weirton, Glen Dale, and Wellsburg, West Virginia. A 1949 article in the Wheeling News Register described their pizza as "an Italian bread dough base garnished with a sauce of tomatoes, parsley and green peppers that's seasoned with oregano, served with anchovies, cheese, pepperoni or mushrooms."
The pizza is known for its distinctive cold toppings which are added after the pizza is cooked. It was nicknamed "The Poor Man's Cheesecake" in the 1940s. In 2018, DiCarlo said he did not remember why the pizza was originally prepared that way but speculated that it may have been to avoid burning the toppings. The style became a part of local cuisine in Ohio and West Virginia, and was replicated by several other chains. However, its method of preparation is polarizing, and it has been negatively compared to Lunchables.

## Description

Ohio Valley pizza is characterized by a square crust topped with a savory or sweet sauce and baked in a rectangular sheet pan at around 550 degrees Fahrenheit. The sauce used on an Ohio Valley–style pizza is either a savory or sweet, lightly seasoned tomato sauce made with green bell peppers, oregano and olive oil. The sauce may be cooked or uncooked before spreading.
It is removed halfway through baking and topped with additional sauce and small amounts of cheese. The cooked pizza is then topped with cold ingredients including shredded Provolone cheese and often pepperoni or banana peppers. The cheese melts slightly due to the heat of the pizza but the other toppings remain uncooked.
The pizza is cut into square slices, and served by the slice. Some restaurants allow customers to purchase additional shredded cheese in a bag to sprinkle on top of their pizza.
* United States portal
* Food portal