OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# National Erasmus+ Office in Armenia

The National Erasmus+ Office in Armenia (NEO Armenia) (Armenian: Էրազմուս+ ազգային գրասենյակ Հայաստանում, romanized: Erazmus+ azgayin grasenyak Hayastanum) is the Armenian national office of the Erasmus+ programme. NEO Armenia was founded in 2015 and is headquartered in Yerevan.

## History

Erasmus+ is the European Union's programme to support education, training, youth, and sport across Europe. The National Erasmus+ Office in Armenia was founded in 2015 in order to facilitate Erasmus+ projects and activities within the country. The office organizes seminars and events to promote and raise awareness of the Erasmus+ programme and to encourage exchange of experience between universities and individuals implementing Erasmus+. The office also supports students and staff involved with the programme, organizes "information days" at Armenian universities, and coordinates with the EU Delegation to Armenia. The office is funded by the Directorate-General for International Partnerships. Over 5,000 university students and staff from Armenia were able to study or teach across Europe as part of Erasmus+ exchanges between 2015 and 2020.
In October 2020, members of the Erasmus+ alumni wrote to former EU ambassador to Armenia Andrea Wiktorin stating, "The European Union has helped us access quality education in different corners of Europe, an experience that has changed us forever. We have bonded with people from various national backgrounds, thus strengthening the European in our hearts. We have learned to cherish democracy and human rights and each of us has embarked on making a change in our homeland; you can find us working in NGOs, governmental and international organizations, personal businesses or startups putting our skills for the prosperity of our country and strengthening the links with democratic Europe and the values that the EU stands for."
# Euphrosyne of Kiev

Euphrosyne of Kiev (also Euphrosine of Novgorod; Hungarian: Eufrozina; c. 1130 – c. 1193) was Queen consort of Hungary by marriage to King Géza II of Hungary.

## Life

Euphrosyne was the first daughter of Grand Prince Mstislav I of Kiev and his second wife, Liubava Dmitrievna Zavidich.

### Hungary

In 1146, Euphrosyne married King Géza II of Hungary, who had come of age shortly before.
During her husband's reign, Euphrosyne did not intervene in the politics of the kingdom. However, after his death on 31 May 1162, her influence strengthened over their son, King Stephen III. The young king had to struggle against his uncles Ladislaus and Stephen to save his throne, and Euphrosyne took an active part in the struggles. She persuaded King Vladislaus II of Bohemia to give military assistance to her son against the invasion of the Emperor Manuel I Komnenos.
Euphrosyne's favourite son was the youngest, Duke Géza of Hungary. When King Stephen III died on 4 March 1172, she was planning to ensure his succession against her older son, Béla, who had been living in the court of the Emperor Manuel I Komnenos. However, Béla came back, and he was crowned on 13 January 1173, although the Archbishop Lucas of Esztergom denied his coronation. Shortly after, King Béla III arrested his brother, which increased the tension between Euphrosyne and her son. Duke Géza soon managed to escape, probably with Euphrosyne's help, but in 1177 he was again arrested.

### Later life

In 1186, Euphrosyne tried to release her younger son again, but she failed. King Béla III ordered the arrest of Euphrosyne and kept her confined in the fortress of Barancs (Serbian: Braničevo). Shortly after, Euphrosyne was set free, but she was obliged to leave the kingdom for Constantinople. From Constantinople she moved to Jerusalem where she lived as a nun in the convent of the Hospitallers, and then in the Basilian monastery of Saint Sabbas.

## Issue

Euphrosyne and Geza had:
* King Stephen III of Hungary (1147 – 4 March 1172); married, firstly, Yaroslavna of Halych, no issue; married, secondly, Agnes of Austria (1154–1182), had issue.
* King Béla III of Hungary (1148 – 23 April 1196); married, firstly, Agnes of Antioch, had issue; married, secondly, Margaret of France, widow of Henry the Young King, no issue.
* Elisabeth (c. 1149 – after 1189); married Frederick of Bohemia
* Géza (c. 1151 – before 1210).
* Árpád, died in infancy.
* Odola (c. 1156 – 1199); married Sviatopluk of Bohemia.
* Helena (c. 1158 – 25 May 1199); married Leopold V, Duke of Austria and had issue.
* Margaret (posthumously, 1162 – bef. 1208), married, firstly, Isaac Dukas "Makrodukas" and, secondly, Andrew, Ispán of Somogy.
# Pixel (band)

Pixel (established 2011 in Oslo, Norway) is a Norwegian experimental jazz band.

## Biography

The debut album Reminder (2012) by Pixel was well received. This is one of the most exciting bands to come out of the extremely active Norwegian jazz scene in recent years (2011-13). All About Jazz critique Bruce Lindsay states:
* Reminder is an impressive first outing. Pixel bring a unique creative mix to the scene: difficult music to categorize, easy music to enjoy...
Pixel combine the sounds of the classic, piano-less, ‘modern Jazz’ quartet lineup of saxophone, trumpet, bass and drums like Ornette Coleman, Gerry Mulligan etc., and yet carries the energy and attitude of indie rock (all of the players are born about 1986). Led by bassist and vocalist Ellen Andrea Wang, Pixel has been together a couple of years (2013). The band members are all very active on the Scandinavian jazz scene, as is Pixel themselves. Like similarly forward thinking groups like The Bad Plus, this is definitely jazz, but it’s jazz that rock audiences can relate to, and it has great cross-over potential. The gig by «Pixel», was noted as "one of the most memorable moments" of the Match and Fuse Festival, by the Jazz magazine Down Beat. Their concert at Jazz Baltica festival of 24 June 2017 was recorded and was broadcast by the German national public radio "Deutschlandfunk" all over Germany. Parts of the concert are also published at YouTube.
Saxophone player Harald Lassen left the band in 2017

## Band members

* Ellen Andrea Wang - double bass and vocals
* Jonas Kilmork Vemøy - trumpet
* Harald Lassen - saxophone (2010 - 2017)
* Jon Audun Baar - drums

## Honors

* 2013: Featured at Young Nordic Jazz Comets

## Discography

* 2012: Reminder (Cuneiform Records)
* 2013: We Are All Small Pixels (Cuneiform Records)
* 2015: Golden Years (Cuneiform Records)
# Charles Chaloner Ogle

Charles Chaloner Ogle (1851–1878) was an English journalist, killed while reporting on the Thessaly Revolt of 1878.

## Biography

Ogle, fourth son of John Ogle of St. Clare, near Ightham, Sevenoaks, Kent, was born on 16 April 1851, and educated, with other pupils, under his father at St. Clare. He matriculated at the University of London in June 1869, and then devoted himself to the study of architecture, becoming a pupil of Frederick William Roper of 9 Adam Street, Adelphi, London. He was a contributor to the ‘Builder,’ and in 1872 he both obtained a certificate for excellence in architectural construction and was admitted an associate of the Royal Institute of British Architects. Soon afterwards he visited Rome, and in August 1875 went for some months to Athens, where he worked in the office of Herr Ziller, the royal architect.
While thus engaged, the proprietors of the ‘Times’ newspaper accepted an offer of his services as their special correspondent in the war between Turkey and Herzegovina and the neighbouring provinces, and he accompanied the Turkish force against the Montenegrins. The letters written by Ogle from Montenegro and the Herzegovina, from Greece, from Crete, and from Thessaly, are full of picturesque details, brightened by a kindly humour. While residing at Volo, on the gulf of Thessaly, Ogle learned, on 28 March 1878, that an engagement was imminent between the Turkish troops and the insurgents occupying Mont Pelion and the town of Macrynitza. He at once proceeded to the scene of action, without arms and with a cane in his hand. The battle took place, and was prolonged to the following day, when Ogle, unable to obtain a horse to return to Volo, slept at Katochori on 29 and 30 March.
On 1 April his headless body was found lying in a ravine, and identified by a scar on the wrist and a blood-stained telegram in his pocket-book addressed to The Times. The body was taken on board H.M.S. Wizard, and conveyed to the Piræus, where it was accorded a public funeral on 10 April.
It was claimed that Ogle was assassinated by order of the Turkish commander, Amouss Aga, in revenge for reflections made on his pillaging a village. A report was circulated that the correspondent was aiding the insurgents. In a parliamentary paper, issued on 18 June, Ogle is blamed for imprudence in venturing among the belligerents, and his death was attributed to a wound received while retreating with the insurgents after the second battle of Macrynitza; but these statements were denied by friends.
# Augustus Mayhew

Augustus Septimus Mayhew (1826 – 25 December 1875) was an English journalist and author, born in London. He wrote in collaboration with his brother Henry such works as The Greatest Plague of Life, or the Adventures of a Lady in Search of a Good Servant (1847, illustrated by George Cruikshank), and he joined H. S. Edwards in the production of such farces as The Goose and the Golden Eggs (Strand Theatre, 1859); Christmas Boxes (Strand, 1860); The Four Cousins (Globe Theatre, 1871). From 1848 to 1850 he edited The Comic Almanac, to which he had been a contributor since 1845, and his individual productions include Paved with Gold, or the Romance and Reality of the London Streets (1857) and Faces for Fortunes (three volumes, 1865).

## Sources

* New General Catalog of Old Books and Authors
* This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Gilman, D. C.; Peck, H. T.; Colby, F. M., eds. (1905). New International Encyclopedia (1st ed.). New York: Dodd, Mead. {{cite encyclopedia}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)
# Revelsta manor

Revelsta Manor (Swedish: Revelsta herrgård) is an historic manor house and estate in the Enköping municipality, Uppland, Sweden. The estate has belonged to the Benzelstierna and von Engeström noble families since 1762.
# Dean Anastasiadis

Dean Anastasiadis (born 6 June 1970) is a former Australian soccer player.

## Biography

A goalkeeper, he played for many years at a variety of clubs in the National Soccer League. This included being part of the 2000–01 championship side at Wollongong Wolves, and the 1997–98 Grand Final runner up Carlton SC side, of whom he is also the games record holder. On both occasions, he played and was scored against by his brother John Anastasiadis. He retired at the end of 2008. Since then Anastasiadis has been coaching in the Victorian Premier League, and various State levels specializing in goalkeeper training. He also completed his Level B AFC/FFA outfield coaching diploma and Level 1 AFC/FFA goalkeeper licence. He is currently the goalkeeper coach with Melbourne Victory FC.

## Honours
### Player

South Melbourne FC
VPL: Championship: 2006
Dockerty Cup: 1993, 1995
NSL Cup: 1995/96
Hellenic Cup: 2007
Wollongong Wolves
* National Soccer League Championship: 2000–01
Australia
* OFC Nations Cup: runner-up 2002

### Personal honours

* Victorian Premier League Goalkeeper of the Year: 2005, 2006
# William Osmund Kelly

William Osmund Kelly (December 10, 1909 – July 1974) was an American politician who served as mayor of Flint, Michigan.
He also filled the position of President for Saint Matthew Men's Club, the Flint Bowling Association and the Michigan Chapter of the National Association of Postmasters.

## Early life

Kelly was born on December 10, 1909, in Flint. He graduated from Saint Matthew High School in 1928. He then attended Flint Junior College and formed a band, Oz Kelly and his Orchestra, while there. The band played in Cleveland, Ohio, Milwaukee and Flint at the IMA Auditorium. In 1933, he was married to Albina Jayman.

## Political life

The Flint City Commission selected him as Mayor on November 12, 1940, and select for another two years. During World War II, Kelly resigned to join the Navy and served two years in the Pacific. In 1946, he was the Lieutenant Governor Democratic candidate but lost. Kelly was appointed in 1949 acting Postmaster—Flint then latter appointed 22nd Postmaster.

## Post-political life

In 1956, he became the Flint Manufacturer's Association Executive Director.
# Kharija ibn Hudhafa

Kharija ibn Hudhafa (Arabic: خارجة بن حذافة, romanized: Khārija ibn Ḥudhāfa; died 22 January 661) was a companion of Muhammad and a commander in the Muslim conquest of Egypt during the reign of Caliph Umar (r. 634–644). He served as the chief judge and commander of the security forces in Egypt under the governor Amr ibn al-As.

## Life

Kharija ibn Hudhafa hailed from the Quraysh tribe of Mecca. The specific clan to which he belonged is a matter of contradiction in the traditional Muslim sources; the Banu Sahm, Banu Adi and Banu Amir ibn Lu'ayy are all mentioned as Kharija's clan. Kharija was a companion of the Islamic prophet Muhammad. He gained distinction for his bravery and horsemanship during Muhammad's lifetime. In 640, Caliph Umar (r. 634–644) dispatched him as one of four commanders an Arab army led by al-Zubayr ibn al-Awwam to reinforce the campaign of Amr ibn al-As to conquer Byzantine Egypt. After the Muslim victory at the Battle of Heliopolis, Amr had Kharija's brother Abd Allah take possession of Heliopolis and establish terms with the inhabitants of the surrounding villages. After the fall of Babylon in April 641, Amr dispatched Kharija to conquer the Fayyum oasis, Hermopolis, Akhmim, Bashrudat and the villages of Upper Egypt and make similar terms with their inhabitants.
While Amr was away besieging Alexandria, he left Kharija as his deputy over the Arab capital in Egypt, Fustat. He made Kharija the qadi (chief judge) of Egypt, where he became popular, and the head of his shurta (select troops or security forces). He remained in this office for at least two years into Caliph Uthman's reign (644–656) or throughout Uthman's reign. As opposition to Uthman culminated with a siege of his house in Medina, Kharija was at the forefront of those in Egypt calling to support the caliph. On 22 January 661, Amr, who had been restored to the governorship of Egypt and restored Kharija as the head of his shurta, made Kharija stand in for him to lead the Friday prayers as he was ill. A Kharijite assassin intending to kill Amr during the prayers killed Kharija instead, mistaking him for Amr. The assassin was subsequently apprehended and executed by Amr. In a letter sent to the latter in the aftermath of the assassination, Caliph Mu'awiya I (r. 661–680) called Kharija a shaykh (chief or elder) of the Quraysh and consoled Amr as Kharija's "paternal uncle and his companion, above his male relatives".
# Egor Kuimov

Egor Vladimirovich Kuimov (Russian: Егор Владимирович Куимов; born 4 July 1999) is a Russian swimmer.
He competed in the 4×100 m medley relay event at the 2018 European Aquatics Championships, winning the silver medal.
# Egor Shaykov

Egor Mikhailovich Shaykov (Russian: Егор Михайлович Шайков; born 23 June 1980) is a former Russian association football and beach soccer player who was active as forward. Shaykov started his career in association football, his best results coming from the period where he played for FC Arsenal Tula. Since 2005, he played for beach soccer teams, his best results coming for BSC Lokomotiv Moscow, where he played from 2010 until his retirement in 2018. He is Merited Master of Sports of Russia.

## Career
### Playing career

Shaykov was sportive since early age. He went to swimming for three years until he switched to ice hockey at the age of seven, but he felt it was not his type of sports. Once Shaykov's sports teacher recommended him to Nikolay Nikolayevich Sevastyanov, who would become Shaykov's first coach. Sevastyanov went to different schools searching for possible pupils for his club of the large sports school Torpedo. Preliminarily, out of eight people Shaykov was the only one to be chosen.
Shaykov started his career for the association football team Torpedo-ZIL Moscow and then for the mirror team Torpedo-Luzhniki (now Torpedo Moscow). He played for FC Arsenal Tula for three years, collecting 12 goals in 76 caps; one of his goals was the 800th for Arsenal at the Russian Championships. He then played for FC Titan Klin for around half a year before making a short break.
In 2005, he was invited by future beach soccer top coach Evgeny Pisarev to play for the Russia national beach soccer team. In their first tournament at the 2005 Euro Beach Soccer Cup team Russia finished second. Shaykov then debuted for BSC Strogino.
In 2010, Shaykov switched to BSC Delta together with three other teammates, but in the same year he debuted for BSC Lokomotiv Moscow.
On 21 December 2012, Shaykov was named Merited Master of Sports by the order of the Sports Minister.
At the inaugural 2013 Euro Winners Cup, Lokomotiv went on to win the trophy and Shaykov was named MVP.
Shaykov's last appearance in beach soccer was as a player of Lokomotiv at the Russian Super Cup, where the Moscow club lost to BSC Kristall, 3–4.

### Coaching career

After his retirement, Shaykov serves as coach for the Latvian beach soccer club "Academy" (also known as "Linden City"). He brought them to the final of the Latvia Cup, where they defeated Krass, 5–1.

## Achievements
### National team

* FIFA Beach Soccer World Cup champion: 2011, 2013
* Euro Beach Soccer Cup champion: 2012
* Euro Beach Soccer League champion: 2009, 2011, 2013, 2014, 2017
* Beach Soccer Intercontinental Cup champion: 2011, 2012, 2015

### Clubs

* Russian National champion: 2008, 2009, 2010, 2011, 2012, 2017
* Russian Cup winner: 2008, 2009, 2011, 2012, 2013
* Russian Super Cup winner: 2011
* Euro Winners Cup winner: 2013
* Mundialito de Clubes winner: 2012

### Individually

* 2011 season
** Euro Beach Soccer League, Stage 4 – MVP
* 2012 season
** Merited Master of Sports (21 December 2012)
# Open architecture

Open architecture is a type of computer architecture or software architecture intended to make adding, upgrading, and swapping components with other computers easy. For example, the IBM PC, Amiga 2000 and Apple IIe have an open architecture supporting plug-in cards, whereas the Apple IIc computer has a closed architecture. Open architecture systems may use a standardized system bus such as S-100, PCI or ISA or they may incorporate a proprietary bus standard such as that used on the Apple II, with up to a dozen slots that allow multiple hardware manufacturers to produce add-ons, and for the user to freely install them. By contrast, closed architectures, if they are expandable at all, have one or two "expansion ports" using a proprietary connector design that may require a license fee from the manufacturer, or enhancements may only be installable by technicians with specialized tools or training.
Computer platforms may include systems with both open and closed architectures. The Mac mini and Compact Macintosh are closed; the Macintosh II and Power Mac G5 are open. Most desktop PCs are open architecture.
Similarly, an open software architecture is one in which additional software modules can be added to the basic framework provided by the architecture. Open APIs (Application Programming Interfaces) to major software products are the way in which the basic functionality of such products can be modified or extended. The Google APIs are examples. A second type of open software architecture consists of the messages that can flow between computer systems. These messages have a standard structure that can be modified or extended per agreements between the computer systems. An example is IBM's Distributed Data Management Architecture.
Open architecture allows potential users to see inside all or parts of the architecture without any proprietary constraints. Typically, an open architecture publishes all or parts of its architecture that the developer or integrator wants to share. The open business processes involved with an open architecture may require some license agreements between entities sharing the architecture information. Open architectures have been successfully implemented in many diverse fields, including the U.S. Navy.
# George E. Boysen

George Everett Boysen (March 15, 1890 – March 22, 1967) was a Michigan politician. He was employed for 24 years with the Buick Motor Company. He was a member of the Freemasons and Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks.

## Early life

Boysen was born to Charles and Caroline Boysen on March 15, 1890, in Port Clinton, Ottawa County, Ohio. On June 18, 1913, he married Kathryn Wadsworth.

## Political life

In 1932 Boysen ran in the Republican primary for U.S. Representative from Michigan 6th District and again in 1936. The Flint City Commission select him as mayor in 1935 for a single year. In 1938 he was a candidate for Michigan state senate 13th District.
Political offices :
| Preceded byHoward J. Clifford | Mayor of Flint 1935–1936 | Succeeded byHarold E. Bradshaw |
# Ray A. Brownell

Ray A. Brownell (June 1876 – August 9, 1954) was a Michigan politician.

## Political life

Brownell was elected as the Mayor of City of Flint in 1929 for a single 1-year term by the City Commission. He was last of the directly elected Flint Mayors until 1975.
Political offices :
| Preceded byWilliam H. McKeighan | Mayor of Flint 1929–1930 | Succeeded by1st City Commission Mayor Harvey J. Mallery |
| Preceded byWilliam H. McKeighan | Mayor of Flint 1933–1934 | Succeeded byHoward J. Clifford |
# Dolná Tižina

Dolná Tižina (Hungarian: Alsótizsény) is a village and municipality in Žilina District in the Žilina Region of northern Slovakia.

## History

In historical records the village was first mentioned in 1439.

## Geography

The municipality lies at an altitude of 440 metres and covers an area of 13.117 km$^2$. It has a population of about 1222 people.

## Genealogical resources

The records for genealogical research are available at the state archive "Statny Archiv in Bytca, Slovakia"
* Roman Catholic church records (births/marriages/deaths): 1686-1896 (parish A)
# Ivan Maistrenko

Ivan Vasyliovych Maistrenko (Ukrainian: Іва́н Васи́льович Майстре́нко; 1899–1984) was a Ukrainian revolutionary. He became a communist partisan during the Ukrainian Civil War of 1918–1920. He became a journalist and by 1921 was deputy director of the All-Ukrainian Communist Institute of Journalism. As an opponent of Joseph Stalin, he was arrested but survived the gulag becoming a post-war refugee in West Germany. During the Nazi Germany occupation, in 1942 Maisternko was a director of Ukrainian Bandurist Chorus in Kiev.
He was a prominent member of the Ukrainian Revolutionary Democratic Party and edited their anti-Stalinist workers paper Vpered. He also wrote a book Borotbism about the movement of that name.
# Edwin W. Atwood

Edwin W. Atwood (September 1875 – January 31, 1958) was a Michigan politician.

## Political life

He was elected as the Mayor of City of Flint in 1920 for a two 1 year terms. He was re-elected unopposed in 1921. In 1928, Atwood was a Michigan delegate to Republican National Convention.
Political offices :
| Preceded byGeorge C. Kellar | Mayor of Flint 1920–1922 | Succeeded byWilliam H. McKeighan |
# Pidbirtsi

Pidbirtsi (Ukrainian: Підбірці) is a village in Lviv Raion of Lviv Oblast in Ukraine.
Pidbirtsi was previously located in Pustomyty Raion until it was abolished on 18 July 2020 as part of the administrative reform of Ukraine, which reduced the number of raions of Zhytomyr Oblast to four. The area of Pustomyty Raion was merged into Lviv Raion.