OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Mesilau

Mesilou, named after Mesilou River, is an area situated at approximately 2,000 m (6,562 ft) above sea level on the East Ridge of Mount Kinabalu in Kinabalu National Park, Sabah, Malaysian Borneo. It is the site of the Mesilou Nature Resort, which is owned and operated by Sutera Sanctuary Lodges.
Mesilou East River and Mesilou West River pass through the Mesilou area. Mesilou East River forms a deep ravine, and Mesilou Cave is located nearby.
One of the two main summit routes of Mount Kinabalu starts at the Mesilou Nature Resort and is called the Mesilou Trail. The Mesilou Trail meets the old Kinabalu Summit Trail just above Layang-Layang (Dusun for Place of Swallows), which is situated at approximately 2,700 m (8,858 ft).

## Flora

Mesilou is home to the only population of Nepenthes rajah pitcher plants accessible to regular visitors. The plants grow on a steep hillside overlooking Mesilau East River. A number of other Nepenthes species, including N. burbidgeae, N. fusca, and N. macrovulgaris, have been transplanted there from the area around the Mesilou Nature Resort on Pinausok Plateau. A single example of the rare natural hybrid N. lowii × N. rajah also grows nearby. Daily guided tours are organised to the "Nepenthes Garden" where these plants are found. This nature trail is subject to a fee and operates daily from 9 am to 4 pm. The tree species Ilex mesilauensis is named for the area and is only found here.

## Climate

Mesilou has a subtropical highland climate (Cfb) with heavy rainfall year-round.
Climate data for Mesilou :
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 20.8 (69.4) | 20.8 (69.4) | 20.9 (69.6) | 20.9 (69.6) | 20.7 (69.3) | 20.1 (68.2) | 19.7 (67.5) | 19.9 (67.8) | 19.9 (67.8) | 20.2 (68.4) | 20.8 (69.4) | 21.3 (70.3) | 20.5 (68.9) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 17.0 (62.6) | 16.9 (62.4) | 16.9 (62.4) | 16.9 (62.4) | 16.9 (62.4) | 16.5 (61.7) | 16.1 (61.0) | 16.2 (61.2) | 16.1 (61.0) | 16.6 (61.9) | 17.1 (62.8) | 17.5 (63.5) | 16.7 (62.1) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 13.2 (55.8) | 13.0 (55.4) | 12.9 (55.2) | 13.0 (55.4) | 13.2 (55.8) | 12.9 (55.2) | 12.6 (54.7) | 12.6 (54.7) | 12.4 (54.3) | 13.0 (55.4) | 13.4 (56.1) | 13.7 (56.7) | 13.0 (55.4) |
| Average rainfall mm (inches) | 150 (5.9) | 110 (4.3) | 119 (4.7) | 146 (5.7) | 235 (9.3) | 191 (7.5) | 167 (6.6) | 183 (7.2) | 204 (8.0) | 186 (7.3) | 214 (8.4) | 192 (7.6) | 2,097 (82.5) |
| Source: Climate-Data.org ||||||||||||||
# 1983 European Athletics Indoor Championships – Women's 60 metres

The women's 60 metres event at the 1983 European Athletics Indoor Championships was held on 6 March.

## Medalists

| Gold | Silver | Bronze |
| Marlies Göhr East Germany | Silke Gladisch East Germany | Marisa Masullo Italy |

## Results
### Heats

First 2 from each heat (Q) and the next 2 fastest (q) qualified for the final.
| Rank | Heat | Name | Nationality | Time | Notes |
| 1 | 2 | Marlies Göhr | East Germany | 7.20 | Q |
| 2 | 2 | Marisa Masullo | Italy | 7.23 | Q |
| 3 | 1 | Silke Gladisch | East Germany | 7.26 | Q |
| 4 | 2 | Marie-Christine Cazier | France | 7.30 | q |
| 5 | 1 | Bev Kinch | Great Britain | 7.31 | Q |
| 6 | 1 | Bärbel Schölzel | East Germany | 7.35 | q |
| 7 | 2 | Sabine Klösters | West Germany | 7.42 | |
| 8 | 1 | Štěpánka Sokolová | Czechoslovakia | 7.43 | |
| 9 | 1 | Laurence Bily | France | 7.46 | |
| 10 | 1 | Laura Miano | Italy | 7.52 | |
| 12 | 2 | Semra Aksu | Turkey | 7.82 | |
| | 2 | Raisa Makhova | Soviet Union | DNS | |

### Final

| Rank | Lane | Name | Nationality | Time | Notes |
| | 4 | Marlies Göhr | East Germany | 7.09 | |
| | 3 | Silke Gladisch | East Germany | 7.12 | AJR |
| | 2 | Marisa Masullo | Italy | 7.19 | NR |
| 4 | 1 | Bev Kinch | Great Britain | 7.19 | |
| 5 | 6 | Bärbel Schölzel | East Germany | 7.24 | |
| 6 | 5 | Marie-Christine Cazier | France | 7.38 | |
# Musicraft Records

Musicraft Records was a record company and label established in 1937 in New York City.

## Catalogue

Musicraft's catalog encompassed many different musical styles, including classical music, folk, jazz, Latin, popular vocal, and calypso.
Artists who recorded for Musicraft include singer Mel Torme, vocalist Sarah Vaughan, vocalist Mindy Carson, Duke Ellington, bebop comic Harry "the Hipster" Gibson, pianist Teddy Wilson, blues pioneer Lead Belly, poet Carl Sandburg, Dizzy Gillespie, Georgie Auld, Artie Shaw, Buddy Greco, Billie Rogers, and others. Jazz accordionist Art Van Damme made his first recordings for the label.
According to the New York Public Library, the first original cast album, a set of songs recorded by the cast of The Cradle Will Rock, by Marc Blitzstein, was released in 1938 on Musicraft.
Composer/musician Walter Gross was an A&R executive and arranger for the label in the late 1940s. International music entrepreneur Peter Fritsch was an executive for Musicraft in the late 1940s before leaving to found Lyrichord Discs.
After Musicraft's demise, jazz authority and promoter Albert Marx acquired the label's catalog and reissued many titles on his Discovery Records label.
# Tashlykul, Aurgazinsky District, Republic of Bashkortostan

Tashlykul (Russian: Ташлыкуль; Bashkir: Ташлыкүл, Taşlıkül; Chuvash: Ташлăкӳл, Taşlăkül) is a rural locality (a village) in Kebyachevsky Selsoviet, Aurgazinsky District, Bashkortostan, Russia. The population was 250 as of 2010. There are 2 streets.

## Geography

Tashlykul is located 11 km southeast of Tolbazy (the district's administrative centre) by road. Utarkul is the nearest rural locality.
# Safiyyah bint Abi al-As

Ṣafiyyah bint Abī al-ʿĀṣ (Arabic: صفية بنت أبي العاص) was the daughter of Abu al-As ibn Umayya.
She was a wife of Abu Sufyan ibn Harb (her cousin). She had at least two daughters with him: Ramlah, who would later adopt Islam and marry Muhammad, and Umayna.
# Frinton and Walton

Frinton and Walton is a civil parish in the Tendring district of Essex, England.
It is a successor parish, established in 1974 to replace the Frinton and Walton Urban District. The parish council was created to replace Frinton and Walton Urban District Council at the same time.
The previously separate parishes of Frinton, Great Holland, Kirby le Soken and Walton le Soken had been combined in 1934 as part of a Local Government Act 1929 review to form a new parish and urban district of Frinton and Walton.
It had a population of 19,039 according to the 2001 census, reducing to 18,845 at the 2011 census. The parish consists of the towns of Frinton-on-Sea and Walton-on-the-Naze, together with the villages of Kirby-le-Soken, Kirby Cross and Great Holland.
# Amirabad, Deyhuk

Amirabad (Persian: اميراباد, also Romanized as Amīrābād) is a village in Deyhuk Rural District, Deyhuk District, Tabas County, South Khorasan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 81, with 24 families.
# Perfect Records

Perfect Records was a United States–based record label, founded in 1922 by Pathé Records to produce cheap 78 rpm discs.
From the start, Perfect Records sold well. The Pathé and Perfect labels were part of the merger that created the American Record Corporation (ARC) in July 1929. After the merger, ARC weeded out some of their poorer-selling labels (Pathé, for example), and Perfect continued to be a successful label through the 1930s until ARC dropped their entire group of cheaper labels in late 1938.
The label was revived in 1993 by Dean Blackwood and issued recordings pressed on 78 r.p.m. vinyl by Sun City Girls, Charlie Feathers, Junior Kimbrough, The Balfa Brothers, and John Fahey.
# Pey Deh

Pey Deh (Persian: پي ده, also Romanized as Paideh) is a village in Zanus Rastaq Rural District, Kojur District, Nowshahr County, Mazandaran Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 700, in 280 families.
# Hasanabad, Nowshahr

Hasanabad (Persian: حسن اباد, also Romanized as Ḩasanābād; also known as Gassan-Abad) is a village in Kalej Rural District, in the Central District of Nowshahr County, Mazandaran Province, Iran.
It is located on the Caspian Sea.
At the 2006 census, its population was 1,099, in 301 families.
# Zhary, Selivanovsky District, Vladimir Oblast

Zhary (Russian: Жары) is a rural locality (a village) in Malyshevskoye Rural Settlement, Selivanovsky District, Vladimir Oblast, Russia. The population was 22 as of 2010.

## Geography

Zhary is located on the Ushna River, 21 km southwest of Krasnaya Gorbatka (the district's administrative centre) by road. Krasnaya Ushna is the nearest rural locality.
# Popivka, Okhtyrka Raion, Sumy Oblast

50°29′51″N 35°27′16″E﻿ / ﻿50.49750°N 35.45444°E﻿ / 50.49750; 35.45444
Popivka (Ukrainian: Попівка), is a village in northeastern Ukraine, located in Okhtyrka Raion of Sumy Oblast. The village is on the banks of the Vorsklytsia River, and is located on the Russian-Ukrainian Border.

## History

The exact date of the founding of the village was never known, but is estimated to be around late 18th century.
In 1917, the village was captured by the Soviet army during the Russian Civil War, becoming part of the Soviet Union. During the Holodomor in 1932–1933, almost 300 residents in the village died as a result of mass starvation. During the German-Soviet War, the village was occupied by Wehrmacht forces from October 1941 to August 1943, when it was liberated by Soviet forces during the Soviet counteroffensive in northeastern Ukraine.
In April 2022, even after the Russians' retreat from northern Ukraine, the Russian military fired shells into the village's vicinity.

## Languages spoken

* Ukrainian: 95.01%
* Russian: 4.62%
* Others: 0.18%
# Yesipovo

Yesipovo (Russian: Есипово) is a rural locality (a village) in Chertkovskoye Rural Settlement, Selivanovsky District, Vladimir Oblast, Russia. The population was 23 as of 2010.
Mercedes-Benz has opened a factory called Mosvocia (its first in Russia) near Yesipovo in April 2019.

## Geography

Yesipovo is located on the Kestromka River, 7 km north of Krasnaya Gorbatka (the district's administrative centre) by road. Voshchikha is the nearest rural locality.
# Verkh-Kuchuk

Verkh-Kuchuk (Russian: Верх-Кучук) is a rural locality (a selo) and the administrative center of Verkh-Kuchuksky Selsoviet, Shelabolikhinsky District, Altai Krai, Russia. The population was 1,044 as of 2013. There are 12 streets.

## Geography

Verkh-Kuchuk is located 40 km west of Shelabolikha (the district's administrative centre) by road. Ivanovka is the nearest rural locality.
# Szabolcs-Szatmár-Bereg County Assembly

The Szabolcs-Szatmár-Bereg County Assembly (Hungarian: Szabolcs-Szatmár-Bereg Megyei Közgyűlés) is the local legislative body of Szabolcs-Szatmár-Bereg County in the Northern Great Plain, in Hungary.

## Composition
### 2019–2024 period

The Assembly elected at the 2019 local government elections, is made up of 25 counselors, with the following party composition:
| Party | Seats | Change | Group leader |
| Fidesz–KDNP | 18 / 25 | 2 | Oszkár Seszták |
| Jobbik-Momentum | 3 / 25 | | Béla Adorján |
| Hungarian Socialist Party (MSZP) | 2 / 25 | 1 | János Veres |
| Democratic Coalition (DK) | 1 / 25 | New | László Farkas |
| Association for our County | 1 / 25 | 0 | László Helmeczy |
After the elections in 2019 the Assembly controlled by the Fidesz–KDNP party alliance which has 18 councillors, versus 8 Jobbik-Hungarian Socialist Party (MSZP)-Momentum Movement-Everybody's Hungary Movement (MMM) and 3 Democratic Coalition (DK) councillors.

### 2014–2019 period

The Assembly elected at the 2014 local government elections, is made up of 25 counselors, with the following party composition:
| Party | Seats | Change | Group leader |
| Fidesz–KDNP | 16 / 25 | 1 | Oszkár Seszták |
| Jobbik | 5 / 25 | 0 | Béla Adorján |
| Hungarian Socialist Party (MSZP) | 3 / 25 | 1 | József Halmi |
| Association for our County | 1 / 25 | 1 | László Helmeczy |
After the elections in 2014 the Assembly controlled by the Fidesz–KDNP party alliance which has 15 councillors, versus 5 Jobbik, 5 Hungarian Socialist Party (MSZP) and 1 Democratic Coalition (DK) and councillors.

### 2010–2014 period

The Assembly elected at the 2010 local government elections, is made up of 26 counselors, with the following party composition:
| Party | Seats | Group leader |
| Fidesz–KDNP | 15 / 26 | Oszkár Seszták |
| Jobbik | 5 / 26 | József Bakó |
| Hungarian Socialist Party (MSZP) | 4 / 26 | János Veres |
| Association for our County | 2 / 26 | László Helmeczy |
After the elections in 2010 the Assembly controlled by the Fidesz–KDNP party alliance which has 15 councillors, versus 5 Jobbik, 4 Hungarian Socialist Party (MSZP) and 2 Hungarian Socialist Party (MSZP)councillors.

## Presidents of the Assembly

So far, the presidents of the Szabolcs-Szatmár-Bereg County Assembly have been:
* 1990–1998 József Medgyesi
* 1994–1998 József Zilahi, County Election Coalition (FKgP-KDNP-VP-MDF)
* 1999–2002 László Helmeczy, Fidesz-MDF-MKDSZ, and Independent after 2000
* 2002–2006 László Gazda, Hungarian Socialist Party (MSZP)
* 2006–2008 István Fülöp, Fidesz–KDNP
* since 2008 Oszkár Seszták, Fidesz–KDNP
# Baraftab-e Chalab Zard

Baraftab-e Chalab Zard (Persian: برافتاب چالاب زرد, also Romanized as Barāftāb-e Chālāb Zard) is a village in Bijnavand Rural District, in the Zagros District of Chardavol County, Ilam Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 69, in 16 families. The village is populated by Kurds.
# The Adventure of the Black Baronet

"The Adventure of the Black Baronet" is a Sherlock Holmes murder mystery written by Adrian Conan Doyle (the youngest son of Sherlock Holmes creator Sir Arthur Conan Doyle) and John Dickson Carr. The story was published in the 1954 collection The Exploits of Sherlock Holmes. It was first published in Collier's on 23 May 1953, illustrated by Robert Fawcett.

## Plot

Holmes and Watson are relaxing in their vacation hotel in East Grinstead when Inspector Gregson of Scotland Yard arrives to obtain assistance in a dreadful murder. Colonel Jocelyn Dalcy, a guest in the home of Sir Reginald Lavington, has been found stabbed to death. No weapon was found, but a dagger is missing from a nearby display. Sir Reginald claims he was using it while fishing and mislaid it. All suspicion falls upon him, and Gregson is about to make the arrest, but Holmes asks for a day to do some more research. An interview with the beautiful Lady Lavington provides the final clue.

## Adaptations

"The Adventure of the Black Baronet" was adapted for a half-hour episode of the CBS series Suspense, broadcast on 26 May 1953. Martyn Green played Watson opposite Basil Rathbone. According to Rathbone, it was intended to be a pilot for a subsequent television series which would adapt six more Doyle/Carr stories. No recording of the program is known to have survived.
# New Alliance (Benin)

The New Alliance (French: Nouvelle Alliance) was a political alliance in Benin.

## History

The Alliance was formed prior to the 2003 elections as an alliance of the Democratic Party of Benin and the Union for Progress and Democracy. Part of the opposition coalition, the Alliance won two seats.
# Creativity, activity, service

Creativity, Activity, Service (CAS) (formerly Creativity, Action, Service) is a mandatory core component of the IB Diploma Programme. It aims to provide a "counterbalance" to the academic rigour of the educational programme. Before the 2010 examination there was a 150-hour requirement, with an approximately equal distribution of creativity, activity, and service. This requirement was removed mainly for two reasons: to ensure that students engage in meaningful activities and to decrease the amount of CAS fraud (i.e. claiming hours which have not been completed). Students are now expected to have two CAS activities for each CAS category and students need to prove that they are participating in CAS activities on a weekly basis (though not necessarily all CAS categories each week). Moreover, students must have one CAS project which spans at least a month. Finally, one must prove that the CAS activities have resulted in the seven projected outcomes of CAS (one CAS activity can have multiple outcomes).

## CAS aims

The function of CAS is to allow IB schools the opportunity to "give students the means to learn through experience [and] how to take actions in the service of others."
All the portions (creativity, activity, and service) are vaguely defined and should, according to the International Baccalaureate Organisation, be interpreted as imaginatively as possible, so that a wide array of different activities can qualify for CAS. The learning outcomes and the quality of the CAS activity are of utmost importance.

## Documentation

While individual schools or regions have different methods of documentation, all require some form of proof, often the signature of the supervisor of the experience, to be presented after its completion. Students must also personally keep track of their CAS work in either a log or "diary" format. This allows for students to monitor their experiences and to present a coherent documentation of their entire CAS experience, including reflections on their experiences. Some schools subscribe to online tools which include pages on which students can document their experiences and post reflections.

## Assessment

CAS is internally assessed. However, IBO can ask for a number of random samples to be submitted. A failure to complete and provide evidence for completion is considered a failing condition for the entire diploma. However, candidates are given another year to finish their CAS program if they fail, and if they complete it in this time they will receive their diploma. One important aspect of CAS that many of its administrators inform their students is that CAS itself is a lifelong goal to strive for.

## Footnotes

* ↑ Elisabeth Fox (2001). "The Emergence of the International Baccalaureate as an Impetus for Curriculum Reform". In Mary Hayden; Jeff Thompson (eds.). International Education: Principles and Practice (2nd ed.). Routledge. p. 69. ISBN 0-7494-3616-6.
# Tovarkovo, Vladimir Oblast

Tovarkovo (Russian: Товарково) is a rural locality (a village) in Bavlenskoye Rural Settlement, Kolchuginsky District, Vladimir Oblast, Russia. The population was 16 as of 2010.

## Geography

Tovarkovo is located 19 km northeast of Kolchugino (the district's administrative centre) by road. Bolshoye Kuzminskoye is the nearest rural locality.
# Stenki

Stenki (Russian: Стенки) is a rural locality (a village) in Razdolyevskoye Rural Settlement, Kolchuginsky District, Vladimir Oblast, Russia. The population was 107 as of 2010.

## Geography

Stenki is located 7 km southeast of Kolchugino (the district's administrative centre) by road. Razdolye is the nearest rural locality.
# Mantsinsaari Island

Mantsinsaari Island (also Mantsi, Russian: Остров Мантсинсаари, Finnish: Mantsinsaari) is an island on the northeastern edge of Lake Ladoga, in the Salmi settlement, Pitkyaranta, Karelia. The island is nearly uninhabited.
Before World War II, when the island was a part of the Salmi municipality of Finland, it had around 1,500 inhabitants. The island did not have a bridge, instead utilising a cable ferry. The main sources of livelihood were agriculture, cultivation and fishing.
Mantsinsaari Island had an artillery battery, two 152-mm Canet 45 coastal artilleries. During the Winter War, the artillery was utilised by Finnish troops in battles to the north of Lake Ladoga. The Red Army was unable to conquer the island.
# Prokudino, Vladimir Oblast

Prokudino (Russian: Прокудино) is a rural locality (a village) in Ilyinskoye Rural Settlement, Kolchuginsky District, Vladimir Oblast, Russia. The population was 32 as of 2010. There are 7 streets.

## Geography

Prokudino is located 10 km north of Kolchugino (the district's administrative centre) by road. Davydovskoye is the nearest rural locality.
# Pozdnyakovo, Kolchuginsky District, Vladimir Oblast

Pozdnyakovo (Russian: Поздняково) is a rural locality (a village) in Razdolyevskoye Rural Settlement, Kolchuginsky District, Vladimir Oblast, Russia. The population was 6 as of 2010. There are 3 streets.

## Geography

Pozdnyakovo is located on the Peksha River, 20 kilometres (12 mi) south of Kolchugino (the district's administrative centre) by road. Slugino is the nearest rural locality.
# Polyany, Kolchuginsky District, Vladimir Oblast

Polyany (Russian: Поляны) is a rural locality (a village) in Razdolyevskoye Rural Settlement, Kolchuginsky District, Vladimir Oblast, Russia. The population was 5 as of 2010.

## Geography

Polyany is located 32 km southwest of Kolchugino (the district's administrative centre) by road. Novaya is the nearest rural locality.
# Otyayevka

Otyayevka (Russian: Отяевка) is a rural locality (a village) in Kolchugino, Kolchuginsky District, Vladimir Oblast, Russia. The population was 55 as of 2010.

## Geography

Otyayevka is located on the Peksha River, 5 km north of Kolchugino (the district's administrative centre) by road. Abramovka is the nearest rural locality.
# Yakovlivka

Yakovlivka (Ukrainian: Яковлівка) is the name of several small settlements in Ukraine:
* Yakovlivka, Bakhmut Raion, Donetsk Oblast
* Yakovlivka, Donetsk Raion, Donetsk Oblast
# Shiluach haken

Shiluach haken (Hebrew: שילוח הקן, "sending-away the nest") is the Jewish law derived from the Torah that enjoins one to scare away the mother bird before taking her young or her eggs. This only applies to Kosher birds in the wild. The Torah promises longevity to someone who performs this commandment.

## Sources

The commandment is found in Deuteronomy 22:6–7:
   Should a bird's nest appear before you on the way, on any tree or on the earth, chicks or eggs, and the mother resting on the chicks or the eggs: You shall not take the mother with the offspring. You shall send away the mother, and take the offspring for yourself, so that it be good for you, and your days be long.

## Theological ramifications
### Compassion or cruelty?

Rabbi Natan Slifkin has described two different approaches which Jewish thinkers have historically taken to this commandment. According to the rationalist approach, the purpose of the commandment is compassion: either to spare the mother bird the distress of seeing its eggs taken, or to limit the greed inherent in killing animals for one's use, or a similar reason. Conversely, the mystical approach sees the commandment as an act of cruelty to the bird rather than compassion: in fact, the bird's suffering causes God to consider Israel's suffering at the hands of its enemies, and thus leads God to rescue Israel.
This dispute has practical ramifications, as the rationalist approach rules the commandment can only be done when one plans to eat the eggs (thus minimizing the birds' pain when pain is unavoidable), while the mystical approach calls on Jews to shoo away any mother bird even if they do not plan to take the eggs (thus maximizing the birds' pain).

### Theodicy

As this is one of the few individual commandments for which a specific reward is promised in the text, it became a locus classicus in Talmudic literature for discussion of theodicy.
One example of this is in Kiddushin 39b which discusses the problem whether the reward for commandments is in this world or the next. The explanation given in Pirkei Avot, is that the reward isn't in this world, but rather in Olam Habah, the next world.
In addition, the Talmud famously records that Elisha ben Abuyah saw a child fall off the ladder while performing this commandment at the behest of his parents: so, while performing two mitzvot (that is, both "sending-away the nest" and obeying one's parents), both of which are notable for their unusual promise of a reward of longevity. This irreconcilable lack of theodicy led him away from Judaism. The Talmud says had Elisha known that reward for a Mitzva is only in the next world, he would not have left Judaism.

## Cultural references

The metaphor of Shiluach haken is used in David Vollach's 2007 movie My Father My Lord, where the main character shoos away a mother bird just before the death of his own son, after the mother was "sent away" from the boy.