OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# German Nun pigeon

German Nun (German: Deutsches Nönnchen) is a breed of fancy pigeon bred by German pigeon fanciers. German pigeon-breeders have had great success in breeding German Nuns, which originated in the early seventeenth century. These birds are also widespread among the pigeon-breeders of Russia, where they are called Cross Monks. The breed got its name Monk from a colored cap on its head, and Cross from the colored tail and colored primary wing feathers, which resemble a cross during the pigeon's flight. The rest of the feathering is white.

## General Description

Pigeons of this breed have a perfect body posture, a lordly air and a high carriage. The breed is substantial and viable. The birds have a specific feathering pattern, where the colored feathering can be black, red, yellow, coffee-brown, ash-grey, light blue or silver; the coloring must be deep and even. Birds are of medium size, have a round, narrow dry elongated high forehead. They have eyes of medium size, which are lively and expressive with a white or pearl iris and a dark pupil. The average length of the beak is 15–17 mm. The neck is of medium length (if compared with the thin head), and smoothly descends to the chest and back; on the back side of the neck there is a crest which is a part of the forelock. The back is elongated and recedes towards the tail. The chest is relatively wide. The tail is flat, long, narrow and consists of 12 feathers. This breed has light-red unfledged legs of medium length. A characteristic feature of this breed is a high, tight, conchiform forelock, which reaches to the crest on the back, and curls on the end of the forelock which descend to the ears.
These birds are medium-billed tumblers.

## Flight

The distinctive flight pattern of German Nuns is a low, circular soar, which usually doesn't last long. Among Nuns there are "racers": if these see an alien pigeon when sitting on the roof, they immediately take off and by clapping their wings start to "invite" that pigeon to their pigeon-loft.

## Keeping

Easy to keep, prolific and good at nursing nestlings.
# Charlie Cox (footballer, born 1926)

Charles John Cox (19 February 1926 – 15 December 2008) was a Scottish footballer who played as a right half for Heart of Midlothian and Motherwell.
Having started out with Hearts before their successful period later in the decade, he won the Scottish Cup with Motherwell in 1952 only a few months after moving to Lanarkshire along with Tommy Sloan, and although the club was relegated the following season, he was still in the team when they gained promotion immediately as 1953–54 Scottish Division Two winners. He also took part in the 1954 Scottish League Cup Final, a defeat to his former employers. His career was latterly interrupted by injuries. His uncle John Blair was also a footballer, and also won silverware with Motherwell.
Cox never played international football, but some reference books list him as having played once for Scotland in a 3–0 defeat by France in 1948 – the player who did take part at short notice, the right back Sammy Cox, was a distant relative. Additional confusion derived from the fact that the player removed from the original line-up (Billy Campbell) played the same position as Charlie Cox; however in fact other players were moved around to accommodate the change.
# Charlie Sneddon

Charles Sneddon (10 June 1930 – 1992) was a Scottish professional footballer who played as a centre half.

## Career

Born in Bo'ness, Sneddon played for Forth Wanderers, Stenhousemuir, Accrington Stanley and Padiham.
# Dan Drummond

Daniel Gilmour Drummond (27 April 1891 – 1 March 1949) was a Scottish professional footballer who played in the Scottish League for Queen's Park and Motherwell as an outside right.

## Personal life

In November 1915, over a year after Britain's entry into the First World War, Drummond enlisted in the Royal Naval Volunteer Reserve and was commissioned in April 1917. In November 1917, while serving with the Royal Naval Division, he was wounded in the left leg and evacuated to Seafield War Hospital, Leith. Drummond was demobbed in February 1919 and the leg wound ended his football career.
# Mother Kinzig

Mother Kinzig (German: Mutter Kinzig) is a 1861 cast iron statue in the German city of Kehl. It represents a "beautiful, dreamy, and sexy", "marvelously pretty" nude woman, who has been called "the most beautiful girl of Kehl".

## Description

Mother Kinzig is a personification of the river Kinzig, a tributary of the Rhine. An idealized, broad-shouldered woman with long, flowing hair and a crown of cones, she is depicted as stepping down from a tree stump while pouring water from a hydria. The statue is approximately life-sized.

## History

The statue was originally placed opposite a representation of "Father Rhine" on the 17 metres (56 ft) high Gothic Revival portal on the German side of the railway bridge across the Rhine between Kehl and Strasbourg, France, inaugurated in April 1861. On the French side, an equivalent pair of statues depicted Père Rhin and Mère Ill. Mother Kinzig is the work of the Neoclassical sculptor Franz Xaver Reich [de] (1815–1881); her counterpart Father Rhine was the work of Hans Baur.
With the destruction of the bridge on 22 July 1870, during the Franco-Prussian War, the statues fell into the Rhine. They were replaced by new versions on the new bridge, which was built in 1874 and completely destroyed during World War II. While the original Father Rhine was never recovered, the original Mother Kinzig was retrieved in 1897.
The pairing of a male statue representing the river Rhine with a female statue representing one of its tributaries was something of a local tradition in the 19th century. The two pairs on the railway bridge are lost, but a third pair, personifications of Rhenus and Mosella, can still be seen today in Strasbourg's Neustadt (see gallery below).

## Current presentation

Since 1905, the statue of Mother Kinzig adorns the memorial commemorating the Franco-Prussian war on Kehls's central square, Marktplatz (Market Square). Behind her is a free space where the former city hall of Kehl used to stand (the current city hall, a 1817 building, is in use as such since 1910).

## Gallery

* Mother Kinzig in situ
* The hydria and the tree stump
* For comparison: Father Rhine and Mother Mosella, by Alfred Marzolff (1898)
# Luxembourg women's national ice hockey team

The Luxembourg women's national ice hockey team is the national women's ice hockey team of Luxembourg. It is controlled by the Luxembourg Ice Hockey Federation and a member of the International Ice Hockey Federation. The participated in its first international event at the 2022 IIHF Women's Development Cup held in Kuwait City, winning the bronze medal.

## International competitions
### IIHF Women's Development Cup

| Year | Host | Result | Pld | W | T | L |
| 2022 | Kuwait City | 3rd place | 5 | 3 | 0 | 2 |
| Total | Total | 1/1 | 5 | 3 | 0 | 2 |
# Organization of Islamic Capitals and Cities

The Organization of Islamic Capitals and Cities (OICC Arabic: منظمة العواصم والمدن الإسلامية; French: Organisation des capitales et villes islamiques), formerly known as Organization of Islamic Capitals, is one of the affiliated organs and nonprofit organization of the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation focused on preservation and promotion of cultural heritage of the capitals and largest cities of the 56 member states. It also works for the promotion of capacity building programs by coordinating with the member states for the development of international relations among the member states.
Headquartered in Mecca, Saudi Arabia, it primarily works for the development of cities rather than whole countries. It is principally focused on urban areas and dedicated to sustainable development in the member capitals.

## History

The Organization of Islamic Capitals and Cities was introduced as an affiliated institution by adopting a resolution no. 9/9-P. The resolution was formally adopted by the OIC Council of Foreign Ministers in the 9th session held in Dakar, Senegal on 17 May 1998 followed by the hijiri 24 April 1978. The 10th session was held in Fez, Morocco on 8 March 1979 followed by hijri 10 June 1399 where a resolution no. 25/10-P was adopted.
It was formally established as Organization of Islamic Capitals in 1400 hijri corresponding 1980. The summit was attended by Islamic Summit of the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation in Mecca between 11 and 12, 1400 rabiʽ al-awwal followed by 29 and 30 January 1980. The organisation was ratified on the same date with amendments to appoint administrative council and secretary general. However, its original name was revised by a resolution no. 5/2-G by the 2nd season of general conference which was held in Islamabad, Pakistan between 14 and 16, 1402 jumada al-thani corresponding 8 and 10 April 1982.

## Awards established

The organisation also distribute annual awards such as Municipal Services Award for organisations and groups working in the respective fields.
# David Corbett (footballer, born 1910)

David John Corbett (1 February 1910 – 1995) was a Scottish professional footballer who played as a right half.

## Career

Born in Camelon, Corbett played for Old Plean Amateurs, Linlithgow Rose, Heart of Midlothian, Camelon Juniors, Ayr United, Dundee United, West Ham United, Southport, Dumbarton and St Mirren.
Corbett joined Dundee United on trial at the beginning of the 1933–34 season, playing the first two matches as a trialist prior to signing for the club. He went to feature as an ever-present for United up until suffering a serious injury in November 1935, although he returned to the side two months later. Despite the club retaining his registration in the close season of 1936, he didn't appear in the United team again and was transferred to West Ham that October. He would later return to Dundee United for one Southern League match in October 1945.

## Personal life

Corbett had two younger brothers who were both professional footballers – Norman and Willie.
# Ferlo Sud Wildlife Reserve

The Ferlo Sud Wildlife Reserve (French: Réserve de Faune du Ferlo-Sud), established in 1972, is a 6,337 square kilometres (2,447 sq mi) IUCN habitat and species protected nature reserve located in Senegal. The nature reserve is bordered by the Ferlo Nord Wildlife Reserve to the north.
# David Mathers (footballer)

David Cochrane Mathers (23 October 1931 – 22 August 2014) was a Scottish footballer, who played as a left-half for Partick Thistle and the Scotland national team.
Mathers joined Partick Thistle from Govan High School in 1947 and turned professional two years later, aged 17. He remained there until September 1959, when he joined Southern League team Headington United. That club changed its name to Oxford United the following summer. Mathers returned to Partick in December 1960, but did not make any more first team appearances for the club. He signed for East Stirlingshire in the summer of 1961 and retired after one season there.
Mathers played once for Scotland, against Finland in what was their final preparation match before the 1954 FIFA World Cup finals. Although named in Scotland's 22-man squad for Switzerland, Scotland decided to take only 13 of the 22 to the finals. Mathers stayed at home on reserve, along with the likes of Bobby Combe and Jimmy Binning. Inside forward George Hamilton was also on reserve, but travelled after Bobby Johnstone withdrew through injury. Mathers also represented the Scottish League once, in 1956.
# David Provan (footballer, born 1941)

David Provan (11 March 1941 – 26 November 2016) was a Scottish professional footballer, who played for Rangers, Crystal Palace, Plymouth Argyle and St Mirren. Provan also played for Scotland and the Scottish League XI.

## Career

Provan was a product of the Rangers youth team and played as a full back. He made his debut on 27 December 1958, in a league match away to Third Lanark which Rangers won 3–2. He helped the club win a domestic treble in 1963–64 and played in the 1967 European Cup Winners' Cup Final, which Rangers lost 1–0 to Bayern Munich. Provan is one of the players elected to Rangers' Hall of Fame.
He left the club in June 1970 and joined English club Crystal Palace, although he was not there for long, making only two senior appearances in total, before moving on in March 1971, to Plymouth Argyle. He stayed at Plymouth for five seasons and made over 100 appearances.
Provan subsequently played for St Mirren where he finished his senior career in 1975, and began his coaching career under then-manager Alex Ferguson. He later went on to manage Albion Rovers from 1987 to 1991, leading the club to the Scottish Football League Second Division title in 1988–9.
Rangers FC announced on 26 November 2016 that Provan had died, following a long illness.
# Jonas Manvydas

Jonas "Ivaška" Manvydas (Polish: Jan (Iwaszko) Moniwidowicz; died 1458) was a Lithuanian noble. A member of the Manvydas family, he was Voivode of Trakai from 1443 to 1458.

## Biography

Manvydas was first recorded in written sources in May 1423 when he affixed his seal to the Treaty of Melno. In August 1431, he witnessed the truce of Chortoryisk that Grand Duke Švitrigaila concluded with the Teutonic Order (see Polish–Teutonic War (1431–1435)). At the time, he was a starosta of Kremenets. Manvydas and his family continued to support Švitrigaila after he was deposed in August 1432. His uncle Jurgis Gedgaudas was captured in the Battle of Ashmyany and reconciled with the new Grand Duke Sigismund Kęstutaitis. Manvydas continued to support Švitrigaila in the Lithuanian Civil War (1432–1438). In 1436–1437, he claimed the title of Voivode of Podolia.
In 1440, after the assassination of Sigismund Kęstutaitis, he supported Casimir Jagiellon against Michael Žygimantaitis and regained his influence in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. In 1441, he participated in border negotiations with the Livonian Order. In 1443, he became Voivode of Trakai. After the death of Jonas Goštautas in 1458, he also briefly was Voivode of Vilnius.

## Family

Manvydas was the only known son of Albertas Manvydas. His mother possibly was a sister of Grand Duchess Anna, wife of Grand Duke Vytautas. Manvydas' wife was Anna, but her origins are not known. They had four known children, two sons and two daughters. His daughters married prominent Lithuanian nobles – Sifija married Mikalojus Radvila the Old, ancestor of the powerful Radziwiłł family, and Jadviga married Alekna Sudimantaitis, Grand Chancellor of Lithuania. His son Jonas probably died young. Albertas, the last male heir of the family, was castellan of Vilnius (1461) and starosta of Navahrudak (1473–1475).
He considered Zhuprany [be] in present-day Belarus as his main patronymic estate. He inherited Vishnyeva from his cousin Petras Gedgaudas. Manvydas founded a chapel near the Vilnia River in Vilnius.
# Davie Mathie

Davie Mathie (15 August 1919 – 3 January 1954) was a Scottish footballer who played as a centre forward.
Mathie played for Motherwell (two spells), Clyde, Partick Thistle, Llanelli, Kilmarnock and Workington.
# Dennis Quigley

Dennis Quigley (7 December 1913 – 1984) was a Scottish professional footballer.
# Dick Grieve

Richard Maxwell Grieve (29 June 1924 – 12 February 1997) was a Scottish professional footballer, who played as an inside forward. He made 1 appearance in the English Football League with Wrexham, and also 1 appearance with at the time Scottish League Division B side Dundee United.
# Don McCalman

Donald Stuart McCalman (18 October 1935 – 14 September 2017) was a Scottish professional football player and manager.

## Playing career

Born in Greenock, McCalman played as a centre half for Armadale Thistle, Hibernian, Bradford (Park Avenue) and Barrow. He served as captain of Bradford (Park Avenue), and equalled Jack Scott's record of successive appearances for the club (at 155), a record which was later broken by Kevin Hector (166).

## Coaching career

He served as manager of Bradford (Park Avenue) between September and December 1968, before becoming assistant to Laurie Brown. He returned as manager between 1969 and February 1970.

## Later life and death

He lived in the Horton Bank Top area of Bradford, and died on 14 September 2017 aged 81.
# Halgerda leopardalis

Halgerda leopardalis is a species of sea slug, a dorid nudibranch, a shell-less marine gastropod mollusk in the family Discodorididae.

## Distribution

This species was described from a specimen collected at Zavora, Mozambique, 24°30′56″S 35°12′38″E﻿ / ﻿24.515556°S 35.210556°E﻿ / -24.515556; 35.210556 at depth of 16 m (52 ft).
# Doug Morgan (footballer, born 1890)

Douglas Morgan (18 June 1890 – 31 December 1916) was a Scottish professional footballer who played as a left back in the Football League for Hull City.

## Personal life

Morgan served as a gunner in the Royal Garrison Artillery during the First World War and died at a Field Ambulance in West Flanders on New Year's Eve 1916, of wounds caused by a shell blast. He was buried in Vlamertinghe Military Cemetery.

## Career statistics

Appearances and goals by club, season and competition :
| Club | Season | League | League | League | FA Cup | FA Cup | Total | Total |
| Club | Season | Division | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals |
| Hull City | 1913–14 | Second Division | 23 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 25 | 0 |
| Hull City | 1914–15 | Second Division | 29 | 0 | 4 | 0 | 33 | 0 |
| Career total | Career total | Career total | 52 | 0 | 6 | 0 | 58 | 0 |

## Honours

Inverkeithing Renton
* Fife Cup: 1910–11
Inverkeithing United
* Scottish Junior Cup: 1912–13
# Ma. Subramanian

Ma. Subramanian (born 1 June 1959) is an Indian lawyer and politician. He serves as a Minister for Health and Family Welfare of Tamil Nadu since 7 May 2021. He served as Mayor of Chennai from 2006 to 2011. He is a member of the Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam (DMK) party. He is a lawyer by profession.

## Early life

Subramanian completed his higher education in Saidapet Government Model Higher Secondary School and his bachelor's degree in an Open University course. He did his LLB from Havanur College of Law at Bangalore.

## Career

He joined the DMK in 1976 and became the chairman of Chennai Corporation during 1996–2006. He was elected mayor of Chennai in 2006. He is DMK's youth wing deputy general secretary and loyal to M K Stalin.
He became a practicing advocate in the Madras High Court in 1999. He is a member of Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly, elected from Saidapet assembly constituency in the 2021 election. He beat former Chennai mayor Saidai Duraisamy.

### Health minister

In 2021 he was appointed minister for Health and Family Welfare of Tamil Nadu.
In July 2021, Subramanian gave his MLA hostel and a month's supply of groceries to a couple who worked as daily wagers to treat their daughter who ate bleach powder, mistaking it for milk powder in March 2021 and lost weight gradually.

## Elections

2021 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election: Saidapet :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | DMK | Ma. Subramanian | 80,194 | 50.38% | +3.2 |
| | AIADMK | Saidai Duraisamy | 50,786 | 31.91% | −5.6 |
| | MNM | Snegapriya | 13,454 | 8.45% | New |
| | NTK | B. Suresh Kumar | 10,717 | 6.73% | +5.11 |
| | AMMK | G. Senthamizhan | 2,081 | 1.31% | New |
| | NOTA | NOTA | 1,158 | 0.73% | −1.38 |
| Margin of victory | Margin of victory | Margin of victory | 29,408 | 18.48% | 8.80% |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 159,169 | 57.05% | −2.52% |
| Rejected ballots | Rejected ballots | Rejected ballots | 653 | 0.41% | |
| Registered electors | Registered electors | Registered electors | 278,995 | | |
| | DMK hold | DMK hold | Swing | 3.20% | |
2016 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election: Saidapet :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | DMK | Ma. Subramanian | 79,279 | 47.18% | +3.23 |
| | AIADMK | C. Ponnayan | 63,024 | 37.51% | −14.27 |
| | BJP | V. Kalidass | 6,000 | 3.57% | +1.61 |
| | PMK | T. R. Sahadevan | 5,913 | 3.52% | New |
| | CPI | S. Elumalai | 5,221 | 3.11% | New |
| | NOTA | NOTA | 3,541 | 2.11% | New |
| | NTK | M. Manoharan | 2,725 | 1.62% | New |
| Margin of victory | Margin of victory | Margin of victory | 16,255 | 9.67% | 1.85% |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 168,018 | 59.57% | −10.84% |
| Registered electors | Registered electors | Registered electors | 282,052 | | |
| | DMK gain from AIADMK | DMK gain from AIADMK | Swing | -4.59% | |
# Hayim ben Bezalel

Ḥayim ben Beẓalel (also spelled Ḥayyim ben Bezaleel; died 1588) was a German rabbi and Talmudist and the elder brother of Judah Loew ben Bezalel of Prague.
He was the eldest of the four sons of Beẓalel ben Ḥayim, and spent his youth at Posen, the native city of the family (compare "Monatsschrift für die Geschichte und Wissenschaft des Judenthums," xiii. 371). He and Moses Isserles studied with Shalom Shachna, whose methods of teaching he adopted largely. He began his literary activity at Worms, where he had gone in 1549; and, apparently, he succeeded his uncle Jakob ben Chajim as rabbi in that city, after Jakob's death in 1563 (compare his introduction to "Mayim Ḥayim" (Hebrew: מים חיים), printed in "Ha-Shiloaḥ," § 9). He subsequently went as rabbi to Friedberg; in 1578 this district was ravaged by a terrible plague, which caused the death of one of Ḥayim's servants. In consequence of this occurrence Ḥayim and his family were quarantined in his house for two months. During this time he wrote his ethical work "Sefer ha-Ḥayim" (Hebrew: ספר החיים), consisting of five books.
Ḥayim carried on a heated controversy with his former schoolfellow Moses Isserles, also indirectly aiming at Joseph Karo. He did not approve of their attempts to collect the laws found in the Talmud and other authoritative works in a book suitable for the general public. The reasons for his objections he set forth in the introduction to his "Mayim Ḥayim" (Hebrew: מים חיים), which includes a criticism of Moses Isserles' "Torat ha-Ḥaṭṭot" (Hebrew: תורת החטאת). Ḥayim held that through such codices the study of the Talmud would be neglected and the standing of the rabbis injured, since every layman could turn to these books for the solution of difficult questions. Moreover, the writer of such codes would gain too much authority over other teachers, whereas every rabbi ought to arrive at his decisions independently. Such codes, moreover, could not take into account the minhagim of all countries; and this, again, would lead to constraint in matters of conscience, since every one would have to observe the minhagim obtaining in the place where the author of the code in question was living.
Ḥayim died at Friedberg on the Shavuot festival, 1588.

## Works

Ḥayim's works include:
* "Sefer ha-Ḥayim" (Hebrew: ספר החיים), Kraków, 1593; Amsterdam, 1713; Lemberg, 1887;
* "Mayim Ḥayim" (Hebrew: מים חיים), Amsterdam, 1711; Lemberg, without introduction;
* "Iggeret ha-Tiyyul" (Hebrew: אגרת הטיול), Scriptural comments in alphabetical order, Prague, 1605, and Offenbach, 1717;
* "'Eẓ ha-Ḥayim" (Hebrew: עץ החיים);
* "Be'er Mayim Ḥayim" (Hebrew: באר מים חיים), supercommentary to Rashi's commentary on the Torah.