OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Virbhadra

Virbhadra is a town in Dehradun district in the Indian state of Uttarakhand, located close to the pilgrimage town of Rishikesh. It is most known as the factory township of Indian Drugs and Pharmaceuticals Limited, Rishikesh plant (IDPL), a Government of India undertaking, established in 1967, with about 2800 houses, with Government Inter College and a Kendriya Vidyalaya, established in 1976 with support from IDPL administration but get closed in 2000, again reestablished by initiative of centre government in same campus in 2003 The town also has a historical Virbhadra Temple, Neem Karoli Baba Ashram and a Hanuman Mandir. Very near to the town is the Pashulok Barrage which acts as a water reservoir for the Chilla Hydro power plant. The motorable road to the Neelkanth Mahadev Temple passes along the top of the dam.A book on IDPL township titled "Township ke Din" was written by writer Dr Harish Yadav which depicts the life of IDPL Virbhadra Township.

## Geography

Virbhadra is located at 30°04′N 78°17′E﻿ / ﻿30.07°N 78.28°E﻿ / 30.07; 78.28. It has an average elevation of 330 metres (1,083 feet).

## History

It is named after Virabhadra, an avatar created through the wrath of Shiva after the yajña of Daksha, at Kankhal. An ancient Shiva temple known as Virbhadra Temple, dedicated to him, is situated within the town. Virbhadra is famous for the first government pharmaceutical plant (producing Antibiotics), Indian Drugs and Pharmaceutical Limited (IDPL).

## Demographics

As of 2011 India census, Virbhadra had a population of 13,271. Males constitute 52% of the population and females 48%. Virbhadra has an average literacy rate of 81%, higher than the national average of 74.04%: male literacy is 86%, and female literacy is 75%. In Virbhadra, 8% of the population is under 6 years of age.
# Festalemps

Festalemps (French pronunciation:; Occitan: Festalems) is a former commune in the Dordogne department in Nouvelle-Aquitaine in southwestern France. On 1 January 2017, it was merged into the new commune Saint Privat en Périgord.
# He Depu

He Depu (Chinese: 何德普; pinyin: Hé Dépǔ; born 28 October 1956) is a dissident in the People's Republic of China.

## Biography

He was employed at the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences in Beijing. Political activist who took part in the Democracy Wall movement, he was founder of Beijing Youth magazine in 1979.
In 1998, he helped found the proscribed China Democracy Party, but lost his job at the Social Sciences Academy after standing as a candidate in local elections in 1990.
He Depu was tried in a two-hour hearing on 14 October 2002 for his links to the outlawed China Democracy Party, of which he is a member, and for posting essays on the Internet that "incited subversion."
He was one of the 192 signatories of an Open Letter to the 16th National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party in November 2002.
On 4 November 2002, he was arrested, and received an eight-year sentence for dissident activity on the Internet on 6 November 2003.
In 2008, while in Beijing No. 2 Prison, his health began to deteriorate. He suffered from high blood pressure and did not receive appropriate treatment. In August 2008 he sent a letter to International Olympic Committee head Jacques Rogge, decrying the conditions in Chinese prisons, which he claims to have worsened.
He Depu was released from prison on 24 January 2011. The day of his release he was beaten by four police officers.
# Rahjerd, Hamadan

Rahjerd (Persian: راهجرد, also Romanized as Rāhjerd; also known as Rājerd and Rājird) is a village in Shur Dasht Rural District, Shara District, Hamadan County, Hamadan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 512, in 102 families.
# Bulbus glandis

The bulbus glandis (also called a bulb or knot) is an erectile tissue structure on the penis of canid mammals. During mating, immediately before ejaculation the tissues swell up to lock (tie) the male's penis inside the female. The locking is completed by circular muscles just inside the female's vagina; this is called "the knot" tightening thus preventing the male from withdrawing. The circular muscles also contract intermittently, which has the effect of stimulating ejaculation of sperm, followed by prostatic fluid, as well as maintaining the swelling of the penis and therefore the tie, for some time. For domestic dogs the tie may last up to half an hour or more, though usually less. When male canines are sexually excited, the bulbus glandis may swell up inside the penile sheath, even if the dog has been neutered.
The bulbus glandis also occurs in the penises of some pinnipeds, including South American fur seals.
# Bill Hopkins (composer)

Bill Hopkins (5 June 1943 – 10 March 1981) was a British composer. He also published music criticism, mostly under the name G. W. Hopkins.

## Biography

Hopkins was born in Prestbury, Cheshire, and educated at Hillcrest Grammar School and Rossall School, Lancashire; his mother's disability meant she was unable to look after him, and he was raised by aunts. Studies with Luigi Nono at Dartington Summer School consolidated his interest in serialism; subsequently he studied at Oxford University with Edmund Rubbra and Egon Wellesz.
In 1964 he went to Paris in order to study with Olivier Messiaen, and with an ambition to meet Jean Barraqué. Returning to England, he supported himself as a music critic in London and then, after moving first to Tintagel, Cornwall and subsequently to Peel, Isle of Man, by translation and writing music criticism. He married Clare Gilbert in 1972. Subsequently, he taught at Birmingham University and University of Newcastle upon Tyne before succumbing to a heart attack, in Chopwell, near Newcastle, at the age of 37.
His few pupils included the British composers Paul Keenan and Patrick Ozzard-Low.

## Career

Hopkins' music is published by Universal Edition, Schott, and Ricordi. It has been performed by Irvine Arditti, David Atherton, Alexander Balanescu, Richard Bernas, Nicolas Hodges, Geoffrey Douglas Madge, Jane Manning, Holly Mathieson, Donatienne Michel-Dansac, Christopher Rowland, Sarah Maria Sun, Ilan Volkov and Alison Wells, as well as ensemble recherche, London Sinfonietta, BBC Symphony Orchestra, Music Projects/London, Christchurch Symphony Orchestra and the WDR Symphony Orchestra.

## Works

This listing is of Hopkins' completed and acknowledged works. For further information about other works, see Paul Griffiths' provisional catalogue.
* Sous-structures. Solo piano. 1964, first performed 1965 (publ. Universal Edition, UE17700)
* Two Pomes (James Joyce). Soprano, bass clarinet, trumpet, harp, viola. 1964, first performed 1968 (publ. Universal Edition, UE14204)
* Musique de l'indifférence, Ballet after Samuel Beckett. Orchestra, 1964–65, first performed 2019 (publ. Ricordi) Nkoda
* Sensation (Rimbaud, Beckett). Soprano, tenor sax, trumpet, harp, viola. 1965, first performed 1965. (publ. Schott)
* Etudes en série. Solo piano. 1965–72, first complete performance 1997. (publ. Schott)
* Pendant. Solo violin. 1969, rev 1973, first performed 1975. (publ. Universal Edition, UE17943)
* Nouvelle etude hors série. Solo organ. 1974, first performed 1993. (publ. Universal Edition, UE17303)
* Lindaraja by Claude Debussy, orchestrated by Hopkins. Orchestra. 1975, first performed 2019. (publ. Universal Edition, UE18459)
* En attendant. Flute, oboe, cello, harpsichord. 1976–77, first performed 1977. (publ. Schott)
The Bill Hopkins Collection at the Paul Sacher Foundation, Basel, holds Hopkins' manuscripts.

## Recordings

His complete piano works have been recorded by Nicolas Hodges, (col legno, 2000). En Attendant, Two Pomes, Pendant and Sensation have been recorded by Music Projects/London and Richard Bernas, (NMC, 1992).
A new complete recording of his acknowledged works is in preparation.
# Ponoy

The Ponoy (Russian: Поно́й) is a river on the Kola Peninsula in Russia. It is 426 km in length. The area of its basin is 15,500 km$^2$.

## Geography

The Ponoy's source lies in the western end of the Keivy Uplands, 50 km east of Lake Lovozero, in the middle of the Kola Peninsula. The river then flows towards the east, threading a winding path through a landscape of hilly and marshy taiga for most of its course. The Ponoy receives several tributaries from the north, the largest being the Acheryok. Like the Ponoy itself, these also has their sources in the Keivy Uplands.
Below its confluence with the Purnach, 77 km from the sea, the river changes character and flows down a steep-sided, canyon-like valley with many rapids. It finally flows into the White Sea at Cape Korabelny, at the eastern end of the Kola Peninsula.
The river freezes over in late October to early November, and stays frozen until the first half of May. It is located entirely within the Arctic Circle.

## Wildlife and fish

The river is very rich in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar). It has become very popular among European fishing tourists, and there are fishing camps along the river.
# 1969 ACC men's basketball tournament

The 1969 Atlantic Coast Conference men's basketball tournament was held in Charlotte, North Carolina, at the original Charlotte Coliseum from March 6–8, 1969. North Carolina defeated Duke, 85–74, to win the championship. Charlie Scott of North Carolina was named tournament MVP.

## Bracket

| Quarterfinals March 6 | Quarterfinals March 6 | Quarterfinals March 6 | Semifinals March 7 | Semifinals March 7 | Semifinals March 7 | Championship Game March 8 | Championship Game March 8 | Championship Game March 8 |
| 1 | #2 North Carolina | 94 | | | | | | |
| 8 | Clemson | 70 | | | | | | |
| 8 | Clemson | 70 | 1 | #2 North Carolina | 80 | | | |
| | | | 5 | Wake Forest | 72 | | | |
| 4 | NC State | 73 | 5 | Wake Forest | 72 | | | |
| 5 | Wake Forest | 81 | | | | | | |
| 5 | Wake Forest | 81 | | | | 1 | #2 North Carolina | 85 |
| | | | | | | 3 | Duke | 74 |
| 2 | #8 South Carolina | 92 | | | | | | | 3 | Duke | 74 |
| 7 | Maryland | 71 | | | | | | |
| 7 | Maryland | 71 | 2 | #8 South Carolina | 59 | | | |
| | | | 3 | Duke | 68 | | | |
| 3 | Duke | 99 | 3 | Duke | 68 | | | |
| 6 | Virginia | 86 | | | | | | |
# International Federation for the Graphical Industries

The International Federation for the Graphical Industries (French: Fédération internationale des industries graphiques, FIIG) was a global union federation bring together trade unions representing printing workers.
The federation was founded in 1925, at a meeting in Antwerp, as the International Federation of Christian Trade Unions of Graphical and Paper Industries. It affiliated to the International Federation of Christian Trade Unions. One of its smaller affiliates, its affiliates had a total of only 18,515 members in 1929, and 36,000 in 1979.
On 14 October 1985, the federation merged with the International Federation of Christian Miners' Unions, the World Federation for the Metallurgic Industry, and the World Federation of Energy, Chemical and Various Industry Workers' Unions, forming the World Federation of Industry Workers.
# Port Granby Creek

Port Granby Creek (French: ruisseau Port Granby) is a stream in the municipality of Clarington, Regional Municipality of Durham in Ontario, Canada. It feeds into Lake Ontario, which it reaches at the community of Port Granby, after which it is named.

## Course

Port Granby Creek begins at the confluence of two unnamed streams at an elevation of 126 metres (413 ft) southeast of the community of Newtonville. It heads southwest, passes under Ontario Highway 401, and turns south. The creek flows under the Canadian Pacific Railway and Canadian National Railway main lines and reaches its mouth at Lake Ontario at the community of Port Granby. Lake Ontario flows via the Saint Lawrence River to the Gulf of Saint Lawrence.
# Dashtabi-ye Gharbi Rural District

Dashtabi-ye Gharbi Rural District (Persian: دهستان دشتابي غربي) is in Dashtabi District of Buin Zahra County, Qazvin province, Iran. It is administered from the city of Ardaq.

## Demographics
### Population

At the time of the 2006 National Census, the rural district's population was 9,753 in 2,370 households. There were 10,447 inhabitants in 2,957 households at the following census of 2011. The 2016 census measured the population of the rural district as 9,916 in 3,053 households. The most populous of its 22 villages was Saidabad, with 1,465 people.
# St. Xavier's College, Ranchi

St. Xavier's College, Ranchi is an Autonomous College affiliated to Ranchi University. It is located in the Indian state of Jharkhand. It was founded in 1944 by the Patna province of the Society of Jesus, a Catholic religious order that traces its origin to St. Ignatius of Loyola in 1540.

## History

St. Xavier's College, Ranchi is a Minority Educational Institution. Initially it had affiliations with Patna University. Post 1960 the affiliation was switched to Ranchi University. The University Grants Commission conferred autonomous status in 2005 and granted 'College with Potential for Excellence' status in 2006. Grade 'C++' accreditation with a rating of 3.2 out of 4 was granted by NAAC in 2013. The Intermediate section of the college is affiliated to the Jharkhand Academic Council which comes under State board of Jharkhand.

## Academics

The courses of study includes:
* Intermediate in Arts, Science, & Commerce
* Bachelor in Arts, Science, & Commerce
* Master in Arts, Commerce, & Computer Applications
* Bachelor in Education
* Vocational Programs in Science & Commerce
* Diploma Program
* Admission In Intermediate
Xavier Ranchi has the following academic programs:

## Facilities

St. Xavier's College, Ranchi has a study room and library which was established in 1944. It was called 'Meletre Baraque' and was situated in front of the Principal's office. In 1960, it was shifted to the Arts Block. Thereafter in 1996 the stack room was enlarged. It currently contains about 100,000 books and journals.
Sports facilities are available in the college for volleyball, basketball, hockey, cricket, football, badminton and various indoor games.
The college campus has a fitness Gymkhana, several common rooms, four canteens and cafeterias. The college also provides hostel for boys belonging to both majority and minority or lower socio-economic culture. A church is also present in the college campus.

## Sister institution

St. Xavier's College, Simdega is a sister institution established by Jesuits of Ranchi province.
# Carrion

Carrion (from Latin caro 'meat'), also known as a carcass, is the decaying flesh of dead animals.

## Overview

Carrion is an important food source for large carnivores and omnivores in most ecosystems. Examples of carrion-eaters (or scavengers) include crows, vultures, humans, hawks, eagles, hyenas, Virginia opossum, Tasmanian devils, coyotes and Komodo dragons. Many invertebrates, such as the carrion and burying beetles, as well as maggots of calliphorid flies (such as one of the most important species in Calliphora vomitoria) and flesh-flies, also eat carrion, playing an important role in recycling nitrogen and carbon in animal remains.
Carrion begins to decay at the moment of the animal's death, and it will increasingly attract insects and breed bacteria. Not long after the animal has died, its body will begin to exude a foul odor caused by the presence of bacteria and the emission of cadaverine and putrescine.
Some plants and fungi smell like decomposing carrion and attract insects that aid in reproduction. Plants that exhibit this behavior are known as carrion flowers. Stinkhorn mushrooms are examples of fungi with this characteristic.
Sometimes carrion is used to describe an infected carcass that is diseased and should not be touched. An example of carrion being used to describe dead and rotting bodies in literature may be found in William Shakespeare's play Julius Caesar (III.i):
   Cry 'Havoc,' and let slip the dogs of war; That this foul deed shall smell above the earth With carrion men, groaning for burial.
Another example can be found in Daniel Defoe's Robinson Crusoe when the title character kills an unknown bird for food but finds "its flesh was carrion, and fit for nothing".

## Consumption by humans
### In Noahide law

The thirty-count laws of Ulla (Talmudist) include the prohibition of humans consuming carrion. This count is in addition to the standard seven law count and has been recently published from the Judeo-Arabic writing of Shmuel ben Hophni Gaon after having been lost for centuries.

### In Islam

Animals killed by strangling, a violent blow, a headlong fall, being gored to death, or from which a predatory animal has partially eaten are considered types of carrion, and are forbidden in Islam.
# Gheorghe Fiat

Gheorghe Fiat (14 January 1929 – 22 August 2010) was a lightweight boxer from Romania who won a bronze medal at the 1952 Olympics. He took up boxing following his brother Peter, and later won seven national titles. He retired in 1957 and had a long career as a coach for his club Steaua Bucareşti and as an organizer of boxing tournaments for youths.
# Philip Florig

Philip Florig (born 11 September 2003) is a German tennis player.
Florig has a career high ATP singles ranking of world No. 842 achieved in November 2022, and a career high ATP doubles ranking of No. 882, achieved in June 2023.
Florig made his ATP main draw debut at the 2022 BMW Open after entering the doubles main draw as alternates with Maximilian Homberg, losing in the first round to Roman Jebavý and Andrés Molteni.
Florig is based out of the national sports center in Oberhaching, Germany.

## ATP Challenger and ITF World Tennis Tour finals
### Doubles: 1 (0–1)

* ATP Challenger (0–0)
* ITF World Tennis Tour (0–1)
| Result | W–L | Date | Tournament | Tier | Surface | Partner | Opponents | Score |
| Loss | 0–1 | Jul 2023 | M15 Metzingen, Germany | World Tour | Clay | Yannik Kelm | Sander Jong Jesse Timmermans | 5–7, 6–4, [8–10] |
# William Touchet, 1st Baron Touchet

William Touchet, 1st Baron Touchet (died 1308), Lord of Lewenhales was an English noble. He fought in the wars in Scotland and Gascony. He was a signatory of the Baron's Letter to Pope Boniface VIII in 1301.

## Biography

He was summoned by writ to parliament from 29 December 1299. William served in the wars in Scotland.and Gascony. He was a signatory of the Baron's Letter to Pope Boniface VIII in 1301. William was married to Maria. He died in 1308.

## Citations

* ↑ Burke, p.520.
* ↑ Harris, p.478.
* ↑ Cokayne, p.414.
* ↑ Robinson, p.103.
# Bor railway station

Bor railway station (Turkish: Bor garı) is a railway station in the town of Bor, Niğde in Turkey. The station consists of one side platform and one island platform serving three tracks. TCDD Taşımacılık operates a daily intercity train, the Erciyes Express, from Kayseri to Adana.
Bor station was built in 1933 by the Turkish State Railways.
# Ministry of Armed Forces (Senegal)

The Ministry of Armed Forces (French: Ministère des Forces Armées), is the government agency responsible for overseeing the national defense and security of the Republic of Senegal. It is one of the key ministries in the Senegalese government and plays a crucial role in the management of the Senegalese Armed Forces.

## Overview and Responsibilities

The Ministry of Armed Forces is tasked with the formulation and implementation of defense policies, as well as the coordination and management of the armed forces of Senegal. The Ministry of Defence has several core responsibilities, including: National Security, Defence Planning and Policy, Armed Forces Management, engaging in regional and international defense initiatives, and Civil-Military Relations.

## Minister of Defence

The Minister of Defence is the political head of the Ministry of Armed Forces. They are appointed by the President of Senegal and are responsible for providing strategic direction and leadership to the ministry. The minister oversees the implementation of defense policies, represents the ministry at national and international forums, and acts as the primary point of contact for matters related to defense.

### Past titles

* Minister of the Interior, temporarily in charge of Defense (Ministre de l'Intérieur, temporairement chargé de la Défense).
* President of the council, Minister of National Defense (Président du conseil, ministre de la Défense nationale).
* Minister of Armed Forces (Ministre des Forces armées).
* Minister of State, Minister of Armed Forces (Ministre d'État, ministre des Forces armées).
# Ion Hebedeanu

Ion Hebedeanu (born 29 July 1925) is a Romanian cross-country skier who competed in the 1950s. He finished 32nd in the 50 km event at the 1952 Winter Olympics in Oslo. He was born in Abrud.
# James Hahót

James from the kindred Hahót (Hungarian: Hahót nembeli Jakab; died between 1301 and 1309) was a Hungarian noble, who served as Master of the stewards for Queen Dowager Elizabeth in 1280.

## Biography

James was born into the gens Hahót as the son of notorious criminal Panyit, who became infamous for his violent actions and plundering raids against neighboring estates in the 1250s and 60s. He had a sister, who married Reynold Básztély. James married Anne Tengerdi, a niece of Bishop Theodore Tengerdi. They had a daughter Elizabeth, spouse of George Zákányi.
He was first mentioned by a contemporary record in 1267. During his youth, James took part in his father's raiding campaigns against the surrounding lands in Zala County. For instance, he was present when the Hahót troops pestered and invaded the adjacent estates in June 1269, and brutally murdered local noble Gregory Andi and his son.
After the death of Stephen V of Hungary, James joined the court of Queen Dowager Elizabeth the Cuman, who served as de jure Regent for his minor son, Ladislaus IV of Hungary until 1277. After that Elizabeth became Duchess of Macsó and Bosnia, and ruled over the southern territories. In her service, James successfully besieged and captured the forts Novak in Virovitica County and Páka in Požega County in the spring of 1280. The enemy's identity and the circumstances are uncertain, nevertheless the siege occurred, when Philip, Bishop of Fermo, the papal legate arrived to Hungary, causing a civil disorder between Ladislaus IV and some magnates. For his merits, James was appointed Master of the stewards in the court of Elizabeth around May 1280.
By 1285, his relationship with Elizabeth had deteriorated and became tense. The Queen accused James as responsible for emerging feud with her son, Ladislaus IV. As a result, she confiscated Kálmáncsa in Somogy County from James, who, in response, murdered tárnok Paul, a financial official, who was entrusted to take back the land for the royal crown in 1286. His troops also plundered and destroyed the estate. He was pardoned by Queen Elizabeth in 1288. James Hahót was last mentioned as a living person in 1301. He died by 27 March 1309.
# Kharitonovo, Republic of Buryatia

Kharitonovo (Russian: Харитоново) is a rural locality (a selo) in Tarbagataysky District, Republic of Buryatia, Russia. The population was 168 as of 2010. There are 6 streets.

## Geography

Kharitonovo is located 57 km southwest of Tarbagatay (the district's administrative centre) by road. Barykino is the nearest rural locality.
# Masoudabad, West Azerbaijan

Masoudabad (Persian: مسعوداباد, also Romanized as Masʿūdābād; also known as Maqşūdābād and Maqşūdābād-e Bālā) is a village in Avajiq-e Jonubi Rural District, Dashtaki District, Chaldoran County, West Azerbaijan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 48, in 10 families.