OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# International Treaty on Pandemic Prevention, Preparedness and Response

The International Treaty on Pandemic Prevention, Preparedness and Response or Pandemic Treaty is a proposed international agreement to strengthen pandemic prevention, preparedness and response. The 194 World Health Organization (WHO) member states agreed in December 2021 to begin negotiations on a global pandemic treaty, aiming for a draft agreement to be finalized by May 2024 for consideration by the 77th World Health Assembly. The central principle for the instrument is equity.

## Background

Experts argue that the COVID-19 pandemic has "exposed severe limitations in both the International Health Regulations (IHR) and the WHO’s institutional capacities." In light of the pandemic's global devastation, many states called for a stronger international framework to deal with future pandemics.
Responding to these calls, a special session of the World Health Assembly, the WHO's governing body, convened in November 2021. At this meeting, the WHO member states agreed "to establish (...) an intergovernmental negotiating body open to all Member States and Associate Members (the “INB”) to draft and negotiate a WHO convention, agreement or other international instrument on pandemic prevention, preparedness and response".
The first meeting of the negotiating body is to be scheduled "no later than 1 March 2022" and aimed to "define and agree on its working methods and timelines". The second session was held "no later than 1 August 2022" and is meant to consider a working draft of the future international agreement. The negotiating body "shall submit its outcome for consideration by the Seventy-seventh World Health Assembly" in 2024.
On 24 May 2024, WHO announced that no agreement was reached on an international treaty on pandemic prevention due to the financing issues therefore the negotiation would be suspended. On 3 November, the representatives of 194 WHO member states gathered in Geneva again to announce continuing the negotiation.

## Treaty format

There is currently no agreement regarding the legal format of the future pandemic treaty. More than 70 states, including the European Union and United Kingdom, are advocating for a strong legally binding international treaty. In contrast, other countries, including the United States, India and Brazil, are reluctant to commit to a legally binding agreement.
The WHO could adopt a pandemic treaty under Article 21 of its constitution, similar to the legal status of the International Health Regulations. Alternatively, the WHO could adopt a pandemic convention or agreement under Article 19, used only once before for the Framework Convention on Tobacco Control.

## Proceedings

The intergovernmental negotiating body (INB) first met on 24 February 2022.
# Ludovic Assemoassa

Amevou-Ludovic Assemoassa (born 18 September 1980) is a former footballer who played for the Togo national team.

## Career

Assemoassa graduated from local side Olympique Lyonnais' youth system. He joined Spanish Segunda División side Ciudad de Murcia and switched to Granada 74 CF when it purchased Murcia's license in 2007.

## International

He is a member of the national team, and was called up to the 2006 World Cup. Assemoassa made two appearances for Togo at the 2006 Africa Cup of Nations finals in Egypt.
# Cooey of Portaferry

St Cooey of Portaferry, also known as St Cowey or St Cu’Mhaighe, was an early Christian saint from Northern Ireland. He is associated with the area around Portaferry.

## Life

Little is known about St Cooey other than that which has been preserved through oral tradition, as no known records or documents about him exist. He is thought to have lived in the 7th and 8th centuries.
Locally, he is remembered for founding what later became Witter's parish church; today, only the foundation stones of the building remain. The ancient site later became known as Templecooey, and is the location of St Cooey's Wells. What remains of the church is thought to date from the 7th century. It is said that St Cooey prayed and performed miracles on a rock near the shoreline.
According to tradition, St Cooey was strict and disciplined in his act of penitence, which impressed the local people and persuaded them to follow his faith.
Legend dictates that St Cooey was going to become the Abbot of Movilla, but he died before this could happen.

## Legacy

Several places near to Templecooey, in the Portaferry area, are named after St Cooey, such as Lough Cowey and the Cruachan Cowey earthworks, which have now been ploughed over.
St Cooey was chosen as the patron saint of St Cooey's Oratory, a newly-built church in Portaferry, when it was constructed in 1966.
# Quincy Jones (disambiguation)

Quincy Jones (1933–2024) was an American record producer, musician, and entertainment executive.
Quincy Jones may also refer to:
* A. Quincy Jones (1913–1979), architect and Dean of the University of Southern California School of Architecture
* Quincy Jones III (born 1968), musician, son of record producer Quincy Jones
* Quincy Jones (comedian) (born 1984)
# Eliyahu Ashtor

Eliyahu Ashtor (Hebrew: אליהו אשתור; born Eduard Strauss 1914–1984) was an Austrian-Israeli historian. He was from a Zionist family. Studying at Vienna University, he completed a doctorate in Oriental studies in 1936. He emigrated to Mandate Palestine in 1938, following the Anschluss to Nazi Germany, and worked in the National Libtary of the Hebrew University of Jerusalem. Completing another doctorate at Jerusalem University in 1944, he at first specialized on the history of the Golden age of Jewish culture in Spain but soon moved to the medieval history of the Near East, and especially social and economic history medieval Egypt, drawing from the manuscripts of the Cairo Geniza. He was professor at the University of Jerusalem from 1969.

## Works

* 1944–1970, History of the Jews in Egypt and Syria under Mamluk rule (in Hebrew), Mossad Harav Kook, three volumes (1944, 1951, 1970)
* 1974, The Jews in Moslem Spain I, Philadelphia, Jewish Publication Society of America.
* 1976, A Social and Economic History of the Near East in the Middle Ages, Londra, W. Collins & Co. Ltd.
* 1978, Studies on the Levantine Trade in the Middle Ages
* 1983, The Jews and the Mediterranean Economy, 10th-15th centuries
* 1983, Levant Trade in the Middle Ages, Princeton University Press (a major book)
* 1986, East-West Trade in the Medieval Mediterranean, Variorum Reprints
* 1992, ed. B. Z. Ḳedar, Technology, industry, and trade: The Levant versus Europe, 1250–1500 (collection of articles)
# Jimmy Tonner

James Edward Tonner (31 March 1896 – 1985) was a Scottish professional footballer who played as a winger. His brothers Jack and Sam were also professional footballers.
# Perjury Act 1728

The Perjury Act 1728 (2 Geo. 2. c. 25) was an Act of the Parliament of Great Britain.
So much of this Act as related to the stealing or taking by robbery any orders or other securities therein enumerated was repealed by section 1 of the Criminal Statutes Repeal Act 1827. (The marginal note says that the effect of this was to repeal section 3 of this Act).
The Act, except so far as it related to perjury and subornation of perjury, was repealed by section 31 of the Forgery Act 1830. (The marginal note says the whole Act was repealed except section 2).
The last section was repealed by section 1of, and the Schedule to, the Statute Law Revision Act 1867.
Section 5 was repealed by section 1 of, and the Schedule to, the Statute Law Revision Act 1871.
The Act was repealed as far as it applied to England and Wales. on 1 January 1912.
The Act applied only to perjury in judicial proceedings. Section 2 provided that perjury and subornation of perjury were punishable with imprisonment for a term not exceeding seven years.
Section 6 provided for the Act to expire. The Act was revived and made perpetual by the Continuance, etc., of Acts, 1735 (9 Geo. 2. c. 18).
# Francesco Pige

Francesco Pige (Greek: Φραντέσκο Πίτζε; 1822 Grins, Tyrol – 1862) was an Italian painter of the 19th century.

## Biography

Born in 1822 at Grins, Tyrol, and studied painting from 1842 to 1845 in Munich, Bavaria. He later continued his studies for three years in Rome and then settled in Greece. He dealt mainly with portraiture and to a lesser extent with landscape painting while most of his work consists of portraits of members of important island families who were active during the years of Greek Revolution, a fact which according to several biographies of the artist leads to the conclusion that he worked mainly in the country's islands. He is thought to have died in 1862, but the exact date of his death is disputed.

## Works

Although Pige had his own characteristic way of rendering the figures, several of his works were formerly attributed to Andreas Kriezis. The poses in his works were formal and rigid, with a background of archeological sites, monuments, islands and cities. The style in which Pige portrayed his figures connects his works with the German and Flemish painting of the 16th and 17th centuries, while references to Greek antiquity and the romantic-classicist mood reveal the influence of the classical ideals of his time. The identity of his works became known when, in the portrait of the Hydriot, Stamatis Voudouris, the inscription "Hydra, 7/19 Aprile 1857, Francesco Pige di Tirolo pinxit" was found. This fact led to the identification of other works with similar stylistic features.
# Church of St. Nicholas, Romanovci

Church of St. Nicholas (Serbian: Црква брвнара у Романовцима) is a temple of the Serbian Orthodox Church located in Romanovci in the municipality of Gradiška, Republika Srpska. It belongs to the Eparchy of Banja Luka. It is dedicated to Saint Nicholas of Myra.
It is a national monument of Bosnia and Herzegovina.
# Southeastern Front (RSFSR)

The Southeastern Front (Russian: Юго-Восточный фронт) was a front of the Red Army during the Russian Civil War which existed between 30 September 1919 and 16 January 1920. The Front headquarters were located in Saratov.

## Operations

The front had the task of defeating Denikin's forces on the Novocherkassk - Tsaritsyn line and occupying the Don Host Oblast.
The Front troops conducted in October 1919 defensive battles against the cavalry of Konstantin Mamontov on the Khopyor River, in the vicinity of the villages of Ust-Medveditskaya, Ilovlinskaya and Kamyshin.
Since November 1919 they participated in a strategic offensive, together with the Southern Front.
In November-December 1919 they conducted the Khopyor-Don Operation, in which the river Khopyor was crossed and Novokhopyorsk, Uryupinsk and Kalach taken. On 3 January 1920, after a series of battles, Tsaritsyn was occupied.
During the Rostov-Novocherkassk Operation, the Front forces further defeated the White Don Army and on 7 January 1920 they occupied Novocherkassk.
The Front was disbanded on 16 January 1920 and replaced by the Caucasian Front.

## Composition

* 9th Army
* 10th Army
* 11th Army (from 14 October 1919)
* 8th Army (from 10 January 1920)
* 1st Cavalry Army (from 10 January 1920)
* Volga-Caspian Military Flotilla

## Commanders

Commander :
* Vasily Shorin
Chief of Staff :
* Fedor Afanasyev (until 4 January 1920)
* Semyon Pugachov (4-16 January 1920)
Members of the Revolutionary Military Council:
* Ivar Smilga
* Valentin Trifonov
* Sergey Ivanovich Gusev
# 178th Battalion (Canadien-Français), CEF

The 178th (Canadien-Français) Battalion, CEF was a unit in the Canadian Expeditionary Force during the First World War.
Based in Victoriaville, Quebec, the unit began recruiting during the winter of 1915/16 in Military Districts 4 and 5, and in eastern Ontario. The battalion absorbed the 233rd Battalion (Canadiens-Français du Nord-Ouest), CEF, in March 1917, and sailed to England later that same month. Upon arrival, the 178th Battalion was absorbed into the 10th Reserve Battalion on March 16, 1917.
The 178th (Canadien-Français) Battalion had one officer commanding: Lieutenant-Colonel René-Arthur de la Bruère Girouard.
The battalion badge is a beaver couchant on plinth inscribed d'outre-mer above the numeral 178, below an arch inscribed canadien-français supporting the Tudor crown, and surrounded by scrolls inscribed "Arthabaska", "Drummond", "Nicolet", and vouloir c'est pouvoir.
The perpetuation of the battalion was assigned to the Three Rivers Regiment in 1920. This regiment is now named 12$^e$ Régiment blindé du Canada.
# Elezagići

Elezagići (Serbian: Елезагићи) is a village in the municipality of Gradiška, Republika Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina.
# Sinara Transport Machines

Sinara Transport Machines (Russian: ОАО «Синара – Транспортные машины») is a Russian transportation vehicle manufacturing and engineering company based in Yekaterinburg. The company was established in 2007 as a division of the Sinara Group.

## Subsidiaries

The division incorporates the following subsidiaries:
* Trading House STM
* Ural Diesel Engine Plant
* Lyudinovsky Locomotive Plant
* Center for Innovation Development STM
* Kaluga Plant of Track Machines and Hydraulic Drives
* STM-Service
* SinaraPromTrans
* Ural Locomotives: a joint venture with Siemens created in 2010; manufacturing facilities were based at the Ural Railway Engineering Plant.

## STM research centre

The STM research centre (ООО Центр инновационного развития CТМ) was created in 2010 to develop new railway locomotives and technologies.
# Doksim Mihailović

Doksim Mihailović (Serbian: Доксим Михаиловић; 20 February 1883 – 24 October 1912) was a Macedonian Serb voivode (military commander), originally a teacher, who joined the Serbian Chetnik Organization to fight in Ottoman Macedonia, and then the Balkan Wars (in the army of the Kingdom of Serbia). Originally a teacher, he fought against the Ottomans army and later Bulgarian guerrilla bands in the Kosovo Vilayet.

## Life

Doksim was born in Galičnik, a Mijak village. He finished the theological school in Prizren, and was a teacher in his home region until 1904, when he joined the Serbian Chetnik Organization. In January 1905, vojvoda Gligor Sokolović sent Stefan Nedić-Ćela from Babuna to Vranje to bring new Chetniks and Doksim.
He was one of many teachers who were voivodes. He participated in the Battle of Čelopek (1905), which had been glorified as a great victory. In 1906 he lost his teacher wage.
After the guerrilla war, he went to Mount Athos, where he worked as the estate manager of the Hilandar. He returned to Macedonia and married, then worked as a principal at Serbian schools in Gevgelija. After that, he went to Greece and Malta and worked in trade; Doksim spoke Greek and Turkish since youth, and later taught himself Arabic and Italian.
When the First Balkan War started, he immediately took up arms and founded his own band, and joined vojvoda Vojin Popović-Vuk, at the front of the Serbian Army. Prior to the start of the First Balkan War, Chetniks gathered in Vranje from several regions: 160 in Vranje and 30 on the Kozjak with the voivodes Babunski, Ćela, Dolgač, Trpko, Dane, Vanđel, Doksim and Cakić; there were also 60 Chetniks which readied for Poreče, led by Vojvoda Vuk. These bands were the first to have crossed the border, cleaned the ground, built bridges and prepared important positions such as Kozjak, Stracin, and others. Doksim fought the Ottomans at Kozjak. The bands were also accompanied by armed peasants, thus numbering four groups of around 250 men. The Chetniks were the first to enter Prilep, then fought in the front lines in the battles for Bitola and Kičevo. Doksim died on the second day of the battle of Kumanovo. He was buried on a hill above the village of Mlado Nagoričane.
# Holy Cross Cathedral, Santa Cruz del Quiché

The Holy Cross Cathedral (Spanish: Catedral de la Santa Cruz del Quiché ) also called Santa Cruz del Quiché Cathedral is a religious building that is located in the town of Santa Cruz del Quiché, in the Department of Quiché in the west of the Central American country of Guatemala.
The present cathedral is an ancient structure dating from 1768. The cathedral follows the Roman or Latin rite and serves as the seat of the Diocese of Quiché (Dioecesis Quicensis) which was created in 1967 by Pope Paul VI by bull "Qui Christi" .
It is under the pastoral responsibility of the Bishop Rosolino Bianchetti Boffelli.
During the Catholic feast of Easter, the processions of the faithful dedicated to the Lord Buried and the Virgin of Sorrows (Virgen de los Dolores) are made.
# Bill Tudor

William S. Tudor (September 17, 1921 – January 5, 1986) was an American businessman who founded the food chain Tudor's Biscuit World in Charleston, West Virginia, in 1980.

## Personal life

William S. Tudor was born on September 17, 1921, in McDowell County, North Carolina, to Mary Banks Tudor (born 1893) and Joseph Henry Tudor (born 1891) in 1921. His brother's name is Josiah (born 1919).

## Career

Tudor worked at several fast food businesses in North Carolina. He bought a Country Kitchen in Greensboro. He worked at a gas stop in Bolt, West Virginia, until 1944. He then worked at a diner in Charleston, West Virginia, until 1977. In 1961, he moved to Greensboro and worked for Andrew Jergens Company. He then worked at Pizzaville on Battleground Avenue. He then worked at Arby's. At Pizzaville and Arby's, he made biscuits.
In 1979, he and his wife bought a building for US$63,000. A year later they turned it into a restaurant. In November 1980, they named the restaurant Tudor's Biscuit World. Tudor moved to West Virginia and opened several Tudor's Biscuit World restaurants in four states. By March 1985, he owned or was a partner in seven of his Biscuit World restaurants and had franchised 12 more. In that year, he had expanded the business to Virginia and his son Lewis was joining the business.

## Personal life

Tudor married Erma Mae. They had two sons and one daughter, John, Louis and Tona. He lived in Greensboro for a time.
Tudor died on January 5, 1986, at his home on Reunion Road in Elkview, West Virginia. He was buried in Elk Hills Memorial Park in Big Chimney.
# Federation of Associations in Behavioral & Brain Sciences

The Federation of Associations in Behavioral & Brain Sciences (abbreviated FABBS) is a Washington, D.C.–based coalition of learned societies dedicated to psychology and related behavioral sciences. Its official journal is Policy Insights from the Behavioral and Brain Sciences, which is published by SAGE Publications.
The group's stated purpose is to help improve human potential and well-being through supporting mind, brain and behavioral sciences. Functionally, FABBS communicates both to policymakers and the public about basic and applied research in these areas.

## History

The Federation of Associations in Behavioral & Brain Sciences was founded in 1981 as the Federation of Behavioral, Psychological, and Cognitive Sciences. Its founding president was George Mandler. In 2004, the organization established the Foundation for the Advancement of Behavioral & Brain Sciences. In 2009, the organization was renamed to its current name, and the Foundation for the Advancement of Behavioral & Brain Sciences was renamed the FABBS Foundation. In 2015, the FABBS Foundation was merged into the Federation of Associations in Behavioral & Brain Sciences.

## Members

Member societies of FABBS include:
* Academy of Behavioral Medicine Research
* American Educational Research Association
* American Psychological Association
* American Psychosomatic Society
* Association for Applied Psychophysiology and Biofeedback
* Association for Behavior Analysis International
* Behavior Genetics Association
* Cognitive Neuroscience Society
* Cognitive Science Society
* Flux: The Society for Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience
* International Congress of Infant Studies
* International Society for Developmental Psychobiology
* Massachusetts Neuropsychological Society
* National Academy of Neuropsychology
* Psychonomic Society
* Society for Behavioral Neuroendocrinology
* Society for Computation in Psychology
* Society for Judgment and Decision Making
* Society for Mathematical Psychology
* Society for Psychophysiological Research
* Society for Research on Adolescence
* Society for Research in Psychopathology
* Society for Research in Child Development
* Society for Text & Discourse
* Society for the Psychological Study of Social Issues
* Society for the Scientific Study of Reading
* Society of Experimental Social Psychology
* Society of Multivariate Experimental Psychology
* Vision Sciences Society
Each society that is a member of FABBS pays dues to the organization to support its work.
# Veľkrop

Veľkrop (Hungarian: Velkő) is a village and municipality in Stropkov District in the Prešov Region of north-eastern Slovakia.

## History

In historical records the village was first mentioned in 1408.

## Geography

The municipality lies at an altitude of 293 metres and covers an area of 10.449 km$^2$. It has a population of about 221 people.

## World War I cemetery

The Club of Military History Beskydy finished its restoration work on the largest war cemetery in Slovakia in 2018. The cemetery is dated to World War I. On Friday, September 28, 2018, it was made accessible to the public. 8862 soldiers of the Austro-Hungarian and Russian armies are buried there. The cemetery is restored in the same style as it was designed in the war times. Natural materials were used for the restoration which was based on historical drawings and sketches that were preserved. The restoration of the cemetery started in 2010 by more than 200 volunteers from Slovakia, Hungary, the Czech Republic, Poland, Ukraine and Romania. Out of the total number of buried soldiers, only 11 of them are known.