OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Bjartmar Gjerde

Bjartmar Alv Gjerde (6 November 1931 – 28 November 2009) was a Norwegian politician for the Labour Party. He held several posts as a government minister between 1971 and 1980, and was Norway's first Minister of Petroleum and Energy. He was later the director-general of the Norwegian Broadcasting Corporation and director of the government agency Aetat.

## Early life and career

Hailing from Larsnes in Sande, Møre og Romsdal, he was a son of smallholder Hjalmar Gjerde (1902–1979) and housewife Astrid Øvrelid (1907–1993). In his younger days he worked as a journalist, first in Sunnmøre Arbeideravis from 1948 to 1953 and then as editor-in-chief of Fritt Slag from 1953 to 1958. His only education beyond primary school was Sørmarka Folk High School in 1950. He also served in the Independent Norwegian Brigade Group in Germany. A newspaper article about alcohol drinking among brigade group officers in 1947 cost him fifteen days in military prison.

## National politics

Gjerde was the chairman of Workers' Youth League from 1958 to 1961. From 1961 to 1962 he worked as a secretary for the Labour Party's parliamentary group, and from 1963 he worked as chief secretary in Arbeidernes Opplysningsforbund. He remained in this position—with interruptions—until 1981, and rejected offers to become both party secretary in 1969 and editor-in-chief of Arbeiderbladet in 1975.
As an elected politician he served as a deputy representative to the Parliament of Norway from Oslo during the term 1965–1969. He chaired Oslo's city chapter of the Labour Party from 1969 to 1972, and was a member of the central committee of the Labour Party from 1972 to 1981. During Trygve Bratteli's First and Second Cabinet, from 1972 to 1972 and 1973 to 1976, Gjerde was appointed as Minister of Education and Church Affairs. In Nordli's Cabinet he was given the Minister of Industry post, which he held until 11 January 1978 when he left to become the first Minister of Petroleum and Energy in Norway. He held the latter position until October 1980, when Arvid Johanson replaced him. His time was marked by several extraordinary incidents, including the Alta controversy and the Alexander Kielland rig disaster.

## Later career

Gjerde was later director-general of the Norwegian Broadcasting Corporation from 1981 to 1989. From 1989 to 1995 he was director of Aetat (now a part of the Norwegian Labour and Welfare Service). He was a member of the Arts Council Norway from 1965 to 1985, and a board member of the Regional Development Fund from 1989 to 1992.
# Jonas Collett

Jonas Collett (25 March 1772 – 3 January 1851) was a Danish-Norwegian public official, legislator, and statesman. Born on the Rønnebæksholm estate at Næstved in Denmark, he remained in Norway after the termination of the personal union with Denmark in 1814. He was the First minister of Norway (1822-1836).

## Background

Collett was born at the family manor house Rønnebæksholm (Rønnebæksholm Gods) in Næstved, Denmark. He was the son of Johan Collett (1734-1806) and Maureen Elisabeth Jensen (1746-1788). He was educated at the University of Copenhagen and graduated in 1791. Educated in the law, he soon entered public service. In 1795, he was appointed Bailiff in Numedal and later Kongsberg year. He replaced Herman Wedel Jarlsberg as acting County Governor of Buskerud in 1813 and was succeeded by his brother Johan Collett in 1814.

## Political career

Collett was a Member of Norwegian Parliament in 1814, 1818, 1824 and 1827. He played an important role in the events of Norway in 1814 and became known as one of the "Eidsvoll men". Together with Niels Aall, he led the negotiations with Swedish general Magnus Björnstjerna which resulted in the Convention of Moss. Later, he participated in several government positions. He was a prominent minister and received the post of First minister when the former First minister Mathias Sommerhielm left Christiania in 1822. His position made him the most prominent minister, although with political power than that of the Governor of Norway. When governor Baltzar von Platen died in 1829, no new governor was appointed, and Collett subsequently became the highest authority in Norway until he left office in 1836, except for a brief period in 1833 when Crown Prince Oscar was appointed viceroy.

## Personal life

He was married in 1797 to Maren Christine Collett (1777-1860), daughter of landowner Peter Collett (1740-1786) and his second wife Johanne Henriche Ancher (1750-1812). He died in Christiania (now Oslo) and was buried at Vår Frelsers gravlund.
# Ole Wilhelm Erichsen

Ole Wilhelm Erichsen (19 February 1793 – 25 July 1860) was the Norwegian Minister of the Navy 1848-1852 and 1853–1856.
Erichson was temporarily appointed councillor of state in interim government in Stockholm 1852–1853, and was member of the Council of State Division 1852–1853. Erichsen was a military captain before his public service career.
# Zelinski

Zelinski, Zelinsky, Zelinskii or Zelinskiy (Russian: Зелинский) is a masculine surname, a Russified form of the Polish surname Zieliński, meaning the color green. Its feminine counterpart in Russia is Zelinskaia or Zelinskaya.
The East Slavic surname of the same etymology is Zelenski, notably worne by the president of Ukraine Volodymyr Zelenskyy. Likewise for the Polish surname Żeleński.
Notable people with the surname include:
* Corneliu Zelinski (1899–1938), birth name of Corneliu Zelea Codreanu, Romanian ultranationalistic politician
* Daniel Zelinsky (1922–2015), American mathematician
* Dean Zelinsky, American guitar luthier
* Edward Zelinsky, American professor of law
* Edward Galland Zelinsky, creator of the Musée Mécanique
* Elizabeth Zelinski, American professor, an expert in gerontechnology, neuroscience, and cognitio
* Indrek Zelinski (born 1974), Estonian football coach and former professional player
* Jeff Zelinski, former Canadian football defensive back
* Leo Zelinsky, a fictional character in the Marvel Universe
* Nikolay Zelinsky (1861–1953), Russian chemist
* Paul O. Zelinsky, American author and illustrator
* Susan Zelinsky, American vocalist who provided the vocals for the cover versions of the songs in Karaoke Revolution
* Wilbur Zelinsky, American geographer
# Maltz

Maltz (from German: Malz - malt) is a surname of German and Jewish as well.
* Albert Maltz (1908–1985), American writer
* Benjamin N. Maltz (1901–1993), American banker and philanthropist
* Carlos Maltz (born 1962), Brazilian drummer
* Dylan Maltz (born 1994), American lacrosse player
* George L. Maltz (1842–1910), American banker and politician
* Maxwell Maltz (1899–1975), American plastic surgeon and author
* Michael Maltz (born 1938), American criminologist and electrical engineer
* Peter Jacob Maltz (born 1973), Israeli artist
* Wendy Maltz (born 1950), American sex therapist

## Organizations

* Ben Maltz Gallery
* Maltz Jupiter Theatre
* Maltz Museum of Jewish Heritage
* Maltz Performing Arts Center

## Fiction

* Maltz, a Klingon in Star Trek III; see List of Star Trek characters: G-M#M
# Novaya Maskara

Novaya Maskara (Russian: Новая Маскара; Bashkir: Яңы Масҡары, Yañı Masqarı) is a rural locality (a village) in Belyankovsky Selsoviet, Belokataysky District, Bashkortostan, Russia. The population was 119 as of 2010. There are 2 streets.

## Geography

Novaya Maskara is located 30 km northeast of Novobelokatay (the district's administrative centre) by road. Ashayevo is the nearest rural locality.
# Tere

Tere may refer to:
* Tere Garcia de Madero (born 1946), Mexican politician
* Tere Gilbert, New Zealand early childhood educator and Māori language advocate
* Tere Glassie (born 1977), Australian rugby league football player
* Tere Marichal (born 1956), Puerto Rican actress and writer
* Tere O'Connor (born 1958), American dancer, choreographer and educator
* Tere Pica (1945–2011), American professor
* Tere Ríos (1917–1999), American writer
* Abigail Tere-Apisah (born 1992), Papua New Guinea tennis player
* Tere Tereba, American fashion designer, writer, and actress
* Tere Velázquez (1942–1998), Mexican actress
* Tere A. Zubizarreta (1937 – 2007), Hispanic community activist
# Al-Mutawakkil al-Mutahhar

Imam Al-Mutawakkil Ali al-Mutahhar (Arabic: المطهر بن محمد) was a ruler of Yemen from Sana’a who reigned from 1436 to 1474. He belonged to the Qasimid family who were descendants Muhammad, He ruled by the Quran and the Sunnah and he left a number of writings on Hadith including poetry praising Mohammad.

## Rivalry for the imamate

Al-Mutahhar bin Muhammad was no immediate relative of the family that had provided imams for the last three generations. He was a descendant of the grand organizer of Zaydiyyah Islam, al-Qasim ar-Rassi (d. 860), in the 14th degree. When the old imam al-Mansur Ali died of the plague that ravaged Yemen in 1436, he was one of three candidates who brought forward their da'wa (call for the imamate). He took the honorific title al-Mutawakkil al-Mutahhar. The two other claimants were al-Mahdi Salah ad-Din (d. 1445) and al-Mansur an-Nasir (d. 1462). Of these, al-Mansur initially became the dominant, and imprisoned his two rivals. While al-Mahdi died in captivity, al-Mutawakkil was released by his captor after some time. In spite of the internal political disunity, the Zaidi community was relatively safe for incursions from the Sunni lowland of Yemen. The once powerful Rasulid Dynasty declined rapidly and collapsed altogether in 1442–1454. A new lowland power, the Tahiride Dynasty, took over in 1454. They did what they could to discomfort the Zaidi state from the beginning.

## Territorial losses

After some skirmishing, the Tahiride Sultan Ali temporarily took Dhamar in 1460. In the following year, Ali managed to seize San'a with the help of a Zaidi rebel, expelling al-Mutawakkil from the city. A son of the imam was set up as fief-holder, exerting power together with the Tahiride governor al-Ba'dani. However, already in 1464 San'a was taken by strategy by the rival imam al-Mu’ayyad Muhammad who held the city until his demise in 1503. Al-Mutawakkil al-Mutahhar died in Dhamar in 1474, and his position was claimed by three would-be imams, further increasing the complicated political picture in the Zaidi lands. Al-Mutawakkil left a number of writings, poems praising Muhammad and answers to legal questions. His grandson Yahya bin al-Mukhtar bin al-Mutahhar was emir of Ta'izz under the Tahiride Sultan Amir.
# Rat River (Red River of the North tributary)

The Rat River (French: Rivière aux Rats) is a tributary of the Red River of the North in southern Manitoba, Canada. It is part of the watershed of Hudson Bay (via Red River, Lake Winnipeg, and the Nelson River).
The river flows between the Roseau River and Seine River on the eastern side of the Red River. It flows east to west through the rural municipalities of Piney, La Broquerie, Stuartburn, Hanover, De Salaberry, Emerson - Franklin, and Ritchot, as well as the village of St-Pierre-Jolys. It joins the Red River approximately three kilometres northeast of Ste. Agathe, Manitoba. The river is dammed near the community of St. Malo, creating a reservoir known as St. Malo Lake. The northern part of this lake and surrounding land comprise St. Malo Provincial Park, which was designated as a park in 1961.
# Nicolas Haquin

Nicolas Haquin (born 15 December 1980) is a French footballer who plays as an attacker.
Haquin was born in Léhon, France, in 1980. He started his professional career in 2005, playing for EA Guingamp's reserves. In 2006, he moved up to the full team. Since then he has played 35 matches and scored ten goals, nine in Ligue 2 and one in a cup match.
# Skedsmo FK

Skedsmo FK is a Norwegian football club from Skedsmokorset. It was founded in 1980, when the multi-sports club Skedsmo IF was split into several entities. The club colors are red and white.
The men's team currently resides in the Third Division (fourth tier), having previously won two promotions in a row. Notable former players include Torgeir Bjarmann, who spent his younger days in the club before joining Lillestrøm ahead of the 1988 season.
The women's football team last played in the Toppserien in 1991. One profiled player was Elin Krokan, and Tom Nordlie coached the team for a period. Skedsmo FK has not fielded a senior team for women since the 1993 season.

## Recent history

    Season Pos. Pl. W D L GS GA P Cup Notes 2009 3. divisjon 4 261538 815148 First qualifying round 2010 3. divisjon 6 261358 684844 First qualifying round 2011 3. divisjon 5 261367 574045 First round 2012 3. divisjon ↑ 1 262224 923562 First qualifying round Promoted to the 2. divisjon 2013 2. divisjon ↓ 13 265615 326821 First round Relegated to the 3. divisjon
# Wijdan Michael

Wijdan Michael Salem (Arabic: وجدان ميخائيل سليم; born 1963) is a former Minister of Human Rights in Iraq and currently advisor for development and service for the Prime Minister's Office. She made history by being a woman involved in the crafting of the 2005 Constitution of Iraq.

## Career

Salim was an urban planner in the Master Planning Department from the City of Baghdad from 1984 to 1996. She became the Deputy General Director of Design for Baghdad in 1996, staying in the position until 2004. From 2006 to 2010, she acted as the Minister of Human Rights in Iraq. In 2013, she became a member of the Advisory Commission for the Prime Minister's Office in Iraq.
Between 2003 and 2006, she has been a member of the Karadh District Council, the Baghdad Provincial Council, the Iraqi National Council, and the National Assembly of Iraq.
# Ganesh Vasudeo Joshi

Ganesh Vasudeo Joshi (9 April 1828 – 25 July 1880), popularly known as Sarwajanik Kaka, was a lawyer, social reformer, and political activist. He was a founding member of Poona Sarvajanik Sabha. He was a great support system for the noble works initiated and carried out successfully by Honorable Justice Mahadev Govind Ranade. He was a social activist in Pune when Maharashtrian revival began, and he was the elderly guiding philosopher when Tilak and Agarkar's generation gave impetus to Indian independence struggle. Joshi also represented Vasudev Balwant Phadke as his lawyer in Phadke's trial.
Joshi had a daughter who was married to Gopal Krishna Gokhale.
At the Delhi Durbar of 1877, wearing "homespun spotless white khadi" Joshi rose to ask of the Viceroy of India (then the 1st Earl of Lytton), that Her Majesty the Queen might:
   Grant to India the same political and social status as is enjoyed by her British subjects.
With this demand, it can be said that the campaign for a free India was formally launched, which was the beginning of a great transformation for India.
Joshi died on 25 July 1880 due to heart trouble.
# Pártos

Pártos may refer to:
* Emeric Partos (1905-1975), Hungarian-born American fashion designer and furrier
* Frank Partos (1901–1956), American screenwriter
* Gyula Pártos, born Puntzman (1845–1916), Hungarian architect
* Ödön Pártos (1907–1977), Hungarian-Israeli violist, composer
* Partoş (Hungarian: Partos), a village in Banloc Commune, Timiș County, Romania
# Mehragan-e Bala

Mehragan-e Bala (Persian: مهرگان بالا, also Romanized as Mehragān-e Bālā; also known as Mehragān, Mehrakān, Mehrakān-e Bālā, Mehrkān, and Mihrakān) is a village in Howmeh Rural District, in the Central District of Bandar Lengeh County, Hormozgan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 702, in 138 families.
# Stone Tower (Dortmund)

The Stone Tower (German: Steinerne Turm) is a protected monument and historic watchtower in the city of Dortmund, Germany, not far from the Westfalenhallen.

## History

The tower was part of the military defences of the medieval free imperial city of Dortmund and built some distance in front of the city walls of the historic city centre. The watchtower controlled the trade route that ran south from the city to Cologne. It stood on the historical border of Stadthagen, the fortified land around the city that had existed since the 13th century and within which the city rights applied.
Dortmund's Stadthagen was fortified in the 14th century. During the Soest Feud in the mid-15th century the Stone Tower was besieged and damaged by enemy troops, as a consequence of which the lower part was reinforced with thick brick walls. The lower half of the Stone Tower is original, the upper half has been reconstructed.
In addition to this southern watchtower there were another five observation points around the city at comparable distances from it: the Freden Tower (Fredenturm) in the north, the Ederloes Watchtower (Ederloeswarte) in the northeast, the Osterruter Watchtower (Osterruterwarte) in the east, the Bergfrede on the River Emscher and in the west the Westerruter Watchtower ( Westerruterwarte). Later the Hörde Watchtower (Hörder Warte) was built to the south of the Stone Tower on the border between the County of Dortmund and County of Mark on the Emscher.
The Stone Tower is a listed building entered in the monument register of the city of Dortmund.

## Access

The Stone Tower is south of the B1, immediately west of the U-Bahn station of Westfalenhallen. This is served by the U45 and U46 lines as well as bus no. 450 of the DSW21.

## Historical views

* The Stone Tower in a drawing by Albert Ludorff c. 1890.
* The Stone Tower before and after remodelling.

## Literature

* Althoff, Christiane: Die Befestigung der Stadt Dortmund - Ergebnisse der Stadtkernarchäologie, Dortmund, 1996. ISBN 3-930504-05-7
* Michalak, Tim: Die Stadthagen. Zur Bedeutung und Funktion der Landwehren an den Grenzen der reichsstädtischen Feldmark Dortmunds. In: Heimat Dortmund 1/2002. Stadtgeschichte in Bildern und Berichten. Zeitschrift des Historischen Vereins für Dortmund und die Grafschaft Mark e.V. in Verbindung mit dem Stadtarchiv Dortmund. pp. 12-15. ISSN 0932-9757
# Negarabad

Negarabad (Persian: نگاراباد, also Romanized as Negārābād; also known as Nayyerābād and Niyārābād) is a village in Shirin Su Rural District, Shirin Su District, Kabudarahang County, Hamadan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 667, in 135 families.
# Ileanda (river)

The Ileanda (Hungarian: Ilonda-patak) is a right tributary of the river Someș in Romania. It discharges into the Someș in the village Ileanda. Its length is 12 km (7.5 mi) and its basin size is 44 km$^2$ (17 sq mi).
# Hvozdets

Hvozdets (Ukrainian: Гвоздець) is village Sambir Raion, Lviv Oblast, Ukraine. The population is 94 people. The local self-government body is the Strilky rural council.

## History

On May 21, 1949, a detachment led by Captain UIA Kuzma ("senior lieutenant K.") ambushed and eliminated senior officers of the Ministry of State Security (MGB) in the area between the villages of Holovetsko and Hvozdets (near the road). The victims were returning from a raid and included Colonel Kolodyazhnyi from the MGB regional headquarters, a major, a captain, and other emigres. The operation was carried out without losses on the part of the attackers.
Later, the Soviet regime liquidated the village, and the majority of the population was deported to Siberia and Huta.
On July 9, 2006, the unveiling and consecration of the memorial sign "To the Fighters for the Freedom of Ukraine" took place. It was crafted and installed under the auspices of the Lviv Regional "Brotherhood of the OUN-UPA" in honor of the heroes of the Ukrainian Insurgent Army (UPA) who perished in unequal battles with the NKVD forces.
# Pasichna rural hromada

Pasichna rural territorial hromada (Ukrainian: Пасічнянська сільська територіальна громада, romanized: Pasichnianska silska terytorialna hromada) is one of the hromadas of Ukraine, located in Ivano-Frankivsk Oblast's Nadvirna Raion. Its capital is the village of Pasichna.
The hromada has a total area of 420.0 km$^2$ (162.2 sq mi), as well as a population of 21,013 (as of 2023).

## Composition

In addition to one urban-type settlement (Bytkiv), the hromada contains 10 villages:
* Bilozoryna [uk]
* Bukove [uk]
* Chernyk [uk]
* Maksymets [uk]
* Mozolivka [uk]
* Pasichna
* Pniv
* Postoiata [uk]
* Sokolovytsia [uk]
* Zelena [uk]
# Chahkohneh

Chahkohneh (Persian: چاه كهنه, also Romanized as Chāhkohneh) is a village in Howmeh Rural District, in the Central District of Bandar Lengeh County, Hormozgan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 50, in 13 families.
# Theodulhorn

The Theodulhorn (French: Mont de Saint-Théodule - 3,469 m) is a mountain of the Pennine Alps, overlooking the Theodul Pass on the border between Switzerland and Italy. It lies south of Zermatt (in Valais) and east of Breuil-Cervinia (in the Aosta Valley). The northern side of the mountain is heavily glaciated and is part of a ski area.
The Theodulhorn is the easternmost summit of the range descending from the south-east ridge of Matterhorn, named Furgggrat. It is named for Theodul Pass, which is in turn named for Saint Theodul, patron saint of the Valais.
# In S. City

In S. City (Russian: В городе С., romanized: V gorode S.) is a 1966 Soviet historical drama film directed by Iosif Kheifits. Film adaptation of Anton Chekhov's short story Ionych.

## Plot

The film tells about a young and dreamy doctor who moves to city S., where he becomes extremely bored.

## Cast

* Andrei Popov as Anton Pavlovich Chekhov
* Anatoli Papanov as Dmitry Ionovich Startsev
* Nonna Terentyeva as Yekaterina Ivanovna Turkina
* Lidiya Shtykan as Vera Iosifovna Turkina
* Igor Gorbachyov as Turkin
* Aleksey Batalov as Shergov
* Aleksandr Borisov as Puzyryov
* Grigory Shpigel as lawyer Losev
* Olga Aroseva as Maria Pavlovna Chekhova
* Leonid Bykov as carter
* Rina Zelyonaya as writer
* Ivan Krasko as writer
* Iya Savvina as lady with a dog
* Nikolai Sergeyev as ill man
* Aleksei Smirnov as man with a pineapple
* Roman Tkachuk as Volsky
# Malakhovo, Sudogodsky District, Vladimir Oblast

Malakhovo (Russian: Малахово) is a rural locality (a village) in Vyatkinskoye Rural Settlement, Sudogodsky District, Vladimir Oblast, Russia. The population was 22 as of 2010. There are 2 streets.

## Geography

Malakhovo is located 46 km northwest of Sudogda (the district's administrative centre) by road. Verkhnyaya Zaninka is the nearest rural locality.
# Stuffed melon

Stuffed melon (Turkish: Kavun dolması) are made of melon stuffed with meat (lamb) and rice.
# Western Grain Transportation Act

The Western Grain Transportation Act (French: Loi sur les paiements de transition du grain de l’Ouest) was a 1983 Canadian federal statute under which the formula for calculating a transport subsidy was modified. The subsidy, informally called the Crow Rate, Crow benefit or Crow subsidy, had been provided since 1897 by the Government of Canada to assist the rail transportation of specified grains and grain products to specified destinations within Canada for export. Since the producer paid only a portion of the freight rate, the Act had the effect of increasing the prices received by grain producers and paid by livestock producers on the prairies. The subsidy encouraged the movement of grain east and west to export shipping terminals.
The Act was abolished as part of budget balancing initiatives undertaken in 1995. Subsequently, grain began moving south for transhipment through the United States.
# Likino, Vladimir Oblast

Likino (Russian: Ликино) is a rural locality (a selo) in Andreyevskoye Rural Settlement, Sudogodsky District, Vladimir Oblast, Russia. The population was 724 as of 2010. There are 6 streets.

## Geography

Likino is located 15 km east of Sudogda (the district's administrative centre) by road. Tyurmerovka is the nearest rural locality.