OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Graphical Evaluation and Review Technique

Graphical Evaluation and Review Technique (GERT) is a network analysis technique used in project management that allows probabilistic treatment both network logic and estimation of activity duration. The technique was first described in 1966 by Dr. Alan B. Pritsker of Purdue University and WW Happ.
Compared to other techniques, GERT is only rarely used in complex systems. Nevertheless, the GERT approach addresses the majority of the limitations associated with PERT/CPM technique. GERT allows loops between tasks. The fundamental drawback associated with the GERT technique is the complex programme (Monte Carlo simulation) required to model the GERT system. Development in GERT includes Q-GERTS - allowing the user to consider queuing within the system.

## General GERT rules

GERT uses activity-on-arrow notation only. That means that each activity is described on arrow. The nodes are used to connect activities, but also to determine type and conditions of relations between them.
Each task has two parameters: duration and probability of appearance.
There are three logical operators in GERT which concern activities incoming to the node:
* XOR - alternative (only one path possible)
* OR - alternative (one or more paths can be performed)
* AND - all paths have to be performed
The most common is AND, which means that every incoming activity has to happen before the outcoming one start.
There are also two types of relations that concern activities outcoming from the node:
* deterministic - every outcoming activity has probability equal to 1, which means that everyone will be performed
* probabilistic - each outcoming activity has some probability of appearance.

## GERT vs. other network diagrams

It's much less popular than PERT (Program Evaluation and Review Technique) or CPM (Critical Path Method) however, it allows some of those methods limitations to be addressed. The main limitations of PERT or CPM that might be addressed by GERT are:
* there are no alternative paths - all activities have to be performed
* there are no loops - it is not possible to repeat activity, next similar activity has to be added
* there are no decisions in the diagram - no and, or, xor options which help to choose proper path
* there is no scaling - it is not possible to replace some detailed group of activities with the one summary task.
GERT can help address these but at the cost of more sophisticated diagrams.
# Pilot (Russian band)

Pilot, also known as PilOt (Russian: Пилот, ПилОт) is a Russian rock band from Saint Petersburg, founded by Ilya Knabengof in 1997.

## History

The roots of the band stretch back to 1994, at which point it was called Military Jane.
In April and May 2022, Pilot participated in a series of concerts organized in order to support the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine.

## Members
### Current line-up

* Ilya "Chort" Knabengof (Илья "Чёрт" Кнабенгоф): vocals, guitar
* Sergey Vyrvich: bass guitar
* Nikita Belozyorov: drums
* Andrey Kazachenko: keyboards

## Discography
### Albums

| Year | Title |
| 1997 | Война (акустика) (War (Acoustics)) |
| 1998 | Жывой Концерррт (Live Concert) |
| 2001 | Сказка о Прыгуне и Скользящем (Tale of the Jumper and the Sliding One) |
| 2002 | Наше Небо (Our Sky) |
| 2002 | Джоконда (Jaconda) |
| 2003 | Времена Года (мини-альбом) (Seasons (mini-album)) |
| 2004 | Рыба, Крот и Свинья (A Fish, a Mole and a Pig) |
| 2006 | Ч/б (B/w) |
| 2008 | 1+1=1 |
| 2009 | Содружество (Community) |
| 2011 | Осень (Autumn) |
| 2013 | 13 |
| 2015 | Изолятор (Infirmary) |
| 2016 | Кукушка (Cuckoo) |
| 2018 | Пандора (Pandora) |

### Singles

| Year | Title |
| 2002 | Времена Года (maxi-single) |
| 2004 | Проводник (single) |
# Esetar

Esetar (Russian: Эсетар; Lezgian: ЭстIар) is a rural locality (a selo) in Kilersky Selsoviet, Dokuzparinsky District, Republic of Dagestan, Russia. The population was 54 as of 2010. There are 2 streets.

## Geography

Esetar is located 5 km south of Usukhchay (the district's administrative centre) by road. Gandurar and Demirar are the nearest rural localities.

## Nationalities

Lezgins live there.
# Love in the Big City (2009 film)

Love in the Big City (Russian: Любовь в большом городе, romanized: Lyubov v bolshom gorode) is a 2009 Russian-Ukrainian romantic comedy film directed by Maryus Vaysberg. It is based on the first full-length film project by Kvartal 95 Studio with the support of ICTV. This is the first film of a trilogy about the adventures of three friends in search of true love. It stars Aleksey Chadov, Volodymyr Zelenskyy, and Ville Haapasalo.

## Plot

The film is set in New York City, where three friends, Igor (Volodymyr Zelensky), Artem (Aleksey Chadov), and the "almost Russian" Finn Oleg (Ville Haapasalo), live indulgent lives while working in America. Igor works as a dentist, Oleg, nicknamed "Sauna," is a fitness instructor for a women’s club, and Artem, who is married but frequently unfaithful, is a tour guide for Russian tourists.
Their carefree existence is disrupted at a party when a mysterious man offers a toast to love, adding the cryptic line, "May what you drank for be impossible without what I drank for". Shortly after, all three friends find themselves unable to have sex. Desperate, they try everything to regain their virility, but nothing works. They eventually track down the man from the party, who reveals himself to be Saint Valentine (Philipp Kirkorov), living in America to help people find true love. Using his powers, he has "cursed" the friends to prevent promiscuity; only genuine love can lift the spell, allowing intimacy with a beloved woman. Igor, Artem, and Oleg must each go on a journey to discover that true love is the most important thing in life.

## Cast

* Aleksey Chadov – Artem
* Volodymyr Zelenskyy – Igor
* Ville Haapasalo – Oleg Sauna
* Vera Brezhneva – Katya
* Svetlana Khodchenkova – Nastya
* Anastasia Zadorozhnaya – Alisa
* Olesya Zheleznyak – Pelageya
* Alika Smekhova – neighbor Raisa Montievna
* Liza Arzamasova – Vera, sister of Nastya
* Philipp Kirkorov – Saint Valentine
* Sabina Ahmedova – girlfriend of "Sauna"

## Production

The film was produced in New York City, New York. The other films of this trilogy are Love in the Big City 2 and Love in Vegas.
# Coat of arms of Guerrero

The Coat of arms of Guerrero (Spanish: Escudo de Guerrero, lit. "state shield of Guerrero") is a symbol of the Free and Sovereign State of Guerrero.

## Symbolism

On a shield with an Iberian mouth, on a blue background, we have the upright figure of a Jaguar Knight who holds a wooden-coloured club in his right hand horizontally. This same knight has a shield that occupies a large space, the circle starting from the centre. The shield has an ornament made with a Greek pattern with backgrounds (from top to bottom) of red, green, violet and yellow; then starting from the base of the shield downwards, it has nine open feathers in the form of a fan, from right to left they are golden yellow, green, white, red, purple, yellow, green, purple and golden yellow.
It is a headdress with a plume made up of 11 feathers of different colours, which when viewed from right to left in order are as follows: yellow, blue, yellow, golden yellow, red, green, blue, red, green, yellow and green.
Immediately below the headdress, a golden yellow crest with a red stripe, centered horizontally and in the center, starting from the base upwards, a reed or acatl. Below the crest there is a figure curved upwards at two ends, symbol of an arrow. Below the crest and behind the arrow, a harmonious horizontal line with two symmetrical ornaments and in the center, a conical figure in red. This ornament is green at the top to make a figure fall at the end in pergolas, which simulate slats that fall to form a curve at the top, which when ascending, meets the figures that, like the previous slat, maintain the same shape to make symmetry. These are yellow and go over a red stripe to find another smaller one that curves at its bottom and then rises straight, which is green.

### Historical coats

The symbol is used by all successive regimes in different forms.
* Coat of arms from 1979.
# Kourosh

Kourosh (Persian: کورُش; also spelled as Koorosh or Kurosh), also spelt Koroush, is a Persian male name common in Iran. Kourosh is composed of kouro- [sun] + -sh - [proprietorial suffix], meaning "Lord of the sun".
It was the throne name of Cyrus the Great and some other kings of the Achaemenid dynasty, historically translated into English and Latin as "Cyrus".

## Etymology

The name Cyrus is a Latinized form derived from the Greek Κῦρος, Kỹros, itself from the Old Persian Kūruš. The name and its meaning has been recorded in ancient inscriptions in different languages. The ancient Greek historians Ctesias and Plutarch noted that Cyrus was named from Kuros, the Sun, a concept which has been interpreted as meaning "like the Sun" (Khurvash) by noting its relation to the Persian noun for sun, khouro, while using -sh as a proprietorial suffix. This may also point to a relationship to the mythological "first king" of Persia, Jamshid, whose name also incorporates the element "sun" ("shid").
Karl Hoffmann has suggested a translation based on the meaning of an Indo-European-root "to humiliate" and accordingly "Cyrus" means "humiliator of the enemy in verbal contest". In the Persian language and especially in Iran, Cyrus's name is spelled as کوروش. In the Bible, he is known as Koresh (Hebrew: כורש).

## People with the given named Kourosh

Notable people with the name include:
* Kourosh (Cyrus) the Great, Iranian King of Kings
* Kourosh I (Cyrus I), Iranian King, Grandfather of Cyrus the Great
* Kourosh (Cyrus) the Younger, Brother of Iranian King of Kings, Artaxerxes I of Persia
* Kourosh Bagheri (born 1977), Iranian weightlifter
* Kourosh Kalantar-zadeh, Iranian-Australian scientist
* Koorosh Modaressi, Iranian politician
* Kourosh Zolani (born 1970), Iranian-American composer
* Kourosh Yaghmaei (born 1946), Iranian pop-rock musician
# Nizhneye Avryuzovo

Nizhneye Avryuzovo (Russian: Нижнее Аврюзово; Bashkir: Түбәнге Әүрез, Tübänge Äwrez) is a rural locality (a selo) and the administrative center of Nizhneavryuzovsky Selsoviet, Alsheyevsky District, Bashkortostan, Russia. The population was 683 as of 2010. There are 9 streets.

## Geography

Nizhneye Avryuzovo is located 24 km south of Rayevsky (the district's administrative centre) by road. Mechnikovo is the nearest rural locality.
# Lin Tin Htay

Lin Tin Htay (Burmese: လင်းတင်ဌေး, born 13 July 1985) is a Burmese politician who has been the MP of the Amyotha Hluttaw for Mon State No. 4 constituency. He is a member of the National League for Democracy.

## Early life and education

Lin Tin Htay was born on 13 July 1985 in Chaungzon Township, Mon State, Myanmar. He is an ethnic Mon. He graduated with BSc (Maths) from Mawlamyaing University. He worked an officer at union election commection office. He had served as charge of township NLD youth and as member of the local villages.

## Political career

He is a member of the National League for Democracy. In the 2015 Myanmar general election, he was elected as an Amyotha Hluttaw MP from Mon State No. 4 parliamentary constituency, winning a majority of 21,626 votes.
# Salik, Republic of Dagestan

Salik (Russian: Салик; Azerbaijani: Сәлик, Səlik) is a rural locality (a selo) in Derbentsky District, Republic of Dagestan, Russia. The population was 1,763 as of 2010. There are 16 streets.

## Geography

Salik is located 22 km northwest of Derbent (the district's administrative centre) by road. Velikent and Kala are the nearest rural localities.

## Nationalities

Tabasarans, Azerbaijanis and Dargins live there.
# Najjar, West Azerbaijan

Najjar (Persian: نجار, also Romanized as Najjār) is a village in Keshavarz Rural District, Keshavarz District, Shahin Dezh County, West Azerbaijan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 801, in 202 families.
# Habrotrocha

Habrotrocha is a genus of bdelloid rotifers.
Late Eocene fossils of Habrotrocha in Dominican amber are among the oldest known fossil rotiferans.
Habrotrochid rotifers seem to have persisted for 35 million years with very little change in morphology or ecological role.
# Independent Left (Ireland)

Independent Left (Irish: Páirtí Neamhspleách na hEite Clé, lit. 'Independent Party of the Left wing') is a minor unregistered Irish political party with a socialist and environmentalist outlook. It was founded in January 2019.

## History

Independent Left was founded in Dublin in January 2019 in the run up to the 2019 local elections. Its members include John Lyons, Niamh McDonald and Conor Kostick.
In the 2014 local elections, John Lyons was elected to Dublin City Council in the local electoral area (LEA) of Beaumont–Donaghmede for People Before Profit. Lyons stood for election in the Dáil constituency of Dublin Bay North in the 2016 general election. He was not elected, being eliminated on the fourteenth count in seventh place for a five-seat constituency with 8,476 votes. On 7 January 2019, John Lyons left People Before Profit, saying the decision was a hard one, but "the difficulties I've had with the leadership of PBP over the future direction of the party in the Dublin Bay North area over the past six months could ultimately not be resolved."
At the 2019 Dublin City Council election, the local electoral boundaries were revised, and Lyons stood for Independent Left in the Artane–Whitehall LEA, being elected to the third (of six) seat on the sixth count. Niamh McDonald, who stood in the Donaghmede LEA, obtained 562 first preference votes and was not elected.
At the 2020 general election, John Lyons stood for Independent Left in the Dublin Bay North constituency. He was eliminated on the 13th count with 6,421 votes after transfers. His first preference vote was 1,882.
Lyons, listed on the ballot as an independent candidate, was re-elected to Dublin City Council in the 2024 local elections.

## Policies

Independent Left describe themselves as, "a new movement for environmentalism, socialism, freedom and equality." Their election material called for an environmentally sustainable city with easy access to public housing, healthcare and public transport. On NearFM, John Lyons advocated that all of the land that Dublin City Council control be used for public, affordable housing. Niamh McDonald has called for the introduction of community child care schemes, on a not-for-profit model.
# Olga Ulyanova

Olga Dmitrievna Ulyanova (Russian: Ольга Дмитриевна Ульянова; 4 March 1922 – 25 March 2011) was a Russian chemist, physicist, and writer. The niece of Vladimir Lenin, she was one of his last-known living relatives before her death. Ulyanova was a supporter of Lenin's legacy, writing extensively about her uncle and family. She was awarded the Order of the Red Banner of Labour by the Soviet Union for her writing. Ulyanova actively campaigned for Lenin's body to stay in Lenin's Mausoleum during discussions of reburying it outside of the Red Square. While supportive of maintaining Lenin's legacy, she told European press that it was a mistake to make him into an icon.

## Biography

Olga Ulyanova was born in Moscow on 4 March 1922, the daughter of the Russian physician and revolutionary Dmitry Ilyich Ulyanov and Antonia Ivanovna Neshcheretova. She had a brother, Viktor. Ulyanova's father was the brother of Vladimir Lenin, Aleksandr Ulyanov, Anna Ulyanova, Olga Ilyinichna Ulyanova, and Maria Ilyinichna Ulyanova. Her grandfather, Ilya Nikolayevich Ulyanov, was an educator who was promoted to the rank of Active State Councillor, thus granting the family the privilege of hereditary nobility. Her grandmother, Maria Alexandrovna Ulyanova, was a member of the Blank family.
Ulyanova grew up in the Kremlin, surrounded by children of other Bolshevik leaders.
In 1991, following the collapse of the Soviet Union, there was discussion of moving Lenin's preserved body from his tomb on Red Square to Kremlin Wall Necropolis or Volkovo Cemetery. Ulyanova fiercely objected to the discussion, believing that Lenin's body belonged at Red Square, and campaigned for the body to stay there. In 2007, she told Interfax News Agency that "those who want his reburial are just malefactors."
In 2008, Ulyanova told Panorama that "it was a mistake to turn [Lenin] into an icon", saying that "ideological distortions, falsification of his theories were even a bigger mistake." She maintained the position that her uncle disapproved of the Execution of the Romanov family.
Ulyanova, a chemist and physicist, worked as professor of chemistry and physics at various Russian universities. She also wrote multiple books about Lenin. She was awarded the Order of the Red Banner of Labour for her writing.
She died in Moscow on 25 March 2011. According to the government in Ulyanovsk Oblast, Ulyanova was one of the last known living relatives of Lenin.
# Dujeh Ganeh

Dujeh Ganeh (Persian: دوجه گنه, also Romanized as Dūjeh Ganeh) is a village in Chehel Shahid Rural District, in the Central District of Ramsar County, Mazandaran Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 39, in 11 families.
# Velhas Conquistas

The Velhas Conquistas or "Old Conquests" are a grouping of the areas in Goa which were incorporated into Portuguese India in the early half of the sixteenth century AD. Goa, Daman and Diu comprised the last remaining Portuguese possessions in India. Macao and Timor Leste were administratively separated.
Over the course of nearly five centuries of European rule since the Portuguese conquest of Goa, these areas underwent urbanisation and they were elevated to concelhos (municipalities), with the administrative centre at Velha Goa. Having been acquired by 1510 AD or within the next few decades, they formed the oldest parts and the core of Portuguese Goa and remain the central theme in the history, geography, and culture of present-day Goa. The Novas Conquistas or New Conquests are the outer periphery of Goa, surrounding Velha Conquistas and bordering the erstwhile British India. Novas Conquistas of present-day Goa shares borders with the Konkan division under Maharashtra's supremacy; also with Belgaum and North Canara districts of Carnataca.
The three concelhos of the territory are Bardes, Ilhas de Goa (Tiswadi) and Salcette (present-day Salcette and Mormugao talukas). When writing postal addresses, Velhas Conquistas is abbreviated to "VC".
In layman's terms and contemporary contexts Velhas Conquistas is taken to mean the westernmost and central portions of Goa. The Old Conquests are also the most socio-economically developed areas of Goa.
# Mirza Hussain Haider

Mirza Hussain Haider (Bengali: মির্জা হুসেন হায়দার) is a former justice of the Appellate Division of the Bangladesh Supreme Court.

## Early life

Haider was born on 1 March 1954 in Bakshiganj, Jamalpur District, East Bengal, Pakistan. He completed his bachelor's degree and master's in law from the University of Dhaka.

## Career

Haider started working as a lawyer in the district court in 1979.
In 1981, Haider became a lawyer in the High Court Division.
Haider worked as a lawyer in the Appellate Division in 1999.
On 3 July 2001, Haider was appointed an additional judge on the High Court Division of Bangladesh Supreme Court. His appointment was confirmed three years later in 2003 as a permanent judge of the division.
Haider and Justice Borhan Uddin issued an order for Abul Hasnat Abdullah, former chief whip, to surrender before the court in a tax evasion case in 2009.
On 22 March 2012, Haider and Justice Muhammad Khurshid Alam Sarkar ordered the government to block anti-Islam content on Facebook.
In 2016, Haider was the second most senior judge in the High Court Division. Haider was promoted to the Appellate Division of the Bangladesh Supreme Court on 8 February 2016.
In August 2019, Haider's residence in Bakshiganj was attacked and damaged by a local Awami League politician.
Haider retired in February 2021. During his farewell speech he questioned the neutrality and independence of the judiciary in Bangladesh.
# Medical University Metro Station

vteLine 3 :
Legend :
Detailed track map :
Medical University (Bulgarian: Медицински университет) is a Sofia Metro station on M3 line. It was opened on 26 August 2020 as part of the inaugural section of the line, from Hadzhi Dimitar to Krasno Selo. The station is located between NDK II and Bulgaria.
# Sergey Sosnovsky

Sergey Valentinovich Sosnovsky (Russian: Серге́й Валенти́нович Сосно́вский; 1 January 1955 – 3 July 2022) was a Soviet and Russian actor. Awarded a People's Artist of Russia (2004), he appeared in 100 films.

## Biography

Sergey was born on 1 January 1955. He studied at the Slonov's Saratov Theater School and worked at the Saratov Academic Theater for Young Spectators and the Saratov Academic Drama Theater, after which he was accepted into the troupe of the Moscow Art Theater. He died on 3 July 2022, at the age of 67.

## Selected filmography

| Year | Title | Role | Notes |
| 2006 | Piranha | chemist |
| 2008 | Yuri's Day | Sergeev |
| 2009 | Wedding Ring | Alexey Ivanovich Zotov | TV series |
| 2010 | To Live | an old alcoholic |
| 2011 | My Dad Baryshnikov | Semyon Petrovych |
| 2013 | Metro | Petrunin | |
| 2014 | Kitchen | old man Kirill | TV series |
| 2017 | Trotsky | David Bronstein | TV series |
| 2018 | The Factory | Kazak | |
| 2018 | Better than Us | Losev | |
| 2019 | How I Became Russian | Fyodor | |
| 2020 | One Breath | Valery | |
| 2020 | Doctor Lisa | Georgy Flatovsky | |
# Bezd

Bezd (Persian: بزد) is a village in Miyan Jam Rural District of the Central District of Torbat-e Jam County, Razavi Khorasan province, Iran.

## Demographics
### Population

At the time of the 2006 National Census, the village's population was 2,821 in 663 households. The following census in 2011 counted 2,959 people in 759 households. The 2016 census measured the population of the village as 2,716 people in 753 households. It was the most populous village in its rural district.
# Paek Tongsu

Paek Tongsu or Baek Dong Soo (Korean: 백동수; Hanja: 白東脩; 1743–1816) was a Korean martial artist and swordsman of the Suwon Baek clan. He became a folk hero when his group protected King Jeongjo from assassination attempts. He was known as the best warrior in Joseon. He was of low social class because he was a Seo-er (child of a concubine).

## History

In 1771, he passed the military service examination but the Joseon government didn't hire him. Given the social climate of the time included discrimination based on social status. In 1773, he gave up on getting an official position and left Seoul to live in seclusion, hiding in a rural village Inje in Gangwon.
In 1788, at the age of 45, Paek Dong-soo was appointed to a government position as the head of the Royal Guards by King Jeongjo, who had just ascended to the throne. From then on, Paek Dong-soo trained elite soldiers for the king while serving as his personal guard. In 1789, King Jeongjo ordered Paek Dong-soo and his two friends, Yi Deok-mu and Park Jae-ga, to write a book on martial arts. Within a year, they completed Muyedobotongji. That book is considered a classic work that combines the best martial arts techniques from across East Asia, featuring detailed illustrations and explanations. It is highly regarded both as literary and as a stand-alone instruction manual East Asian martial arts.

## In popular culture

His life became the basis for the Korean comic book "Honorable Baek Dong-soo" written by Lee Jae-hoon which was turned into a television series.

### Film and television

He was portrayed by Ji Chang-wook and Yeo Jin-goo in the 2011 SBS TV series Warrior Baek Dong-soo. He was portrayed by Oh Ji-ho in 2012 film The Grand Heist.

### Literature

The 2010 comic Honorable Baek Dong-soo by Lee Jae-heon, the series is about how Joseon historical figure Baek Dong-soo grew to become a swordsman and folk hero.

## Family

* Father:
** Paek Sa-goeng (백사굉, 白師宏; 1721–1792)
*** Younger brother: Paek Dong-gan (백동간; 白東侃)
* Wife: Lady, of the Jinju Yu clan (부인 진주 유씨, 夫人 晉州 柳氏; 1738–1790)
** 1st son: Paek Sim-jin (백심진; 白心鎭)
** 2nd son: Paek Seong-jin (백성진; 白性鎭)