OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Édouard I de Beaujeu

Édouard I de Beaujeu (11 April 1316 - 8 June 1351) a Marshal of France, Lord of Beaujeu and Montpensier was a 14th-century French noble.

## Life

Born on 11 April 1316, he was a son of Guichard VI de Beaujeu and Marie de Châtillon. He succeeded his father as Lord of Beaujeu from 1331. In 1340, he participated in the French campaign in Flanders and distinguished himself at the siege of Mortagne against William II of Hainaut. During 1344 he put himself at the service of the Hugh IV, King of Cyprus and led his troops to Smyrna against the Ottomans. He again distinguished himself at the siege of Angoulême in 1345. He became Lord of Montpensier from 1346. Beaujeu took part in the Battle of Crécy in 1346 and was appointed Marshal of France in 1347. In 1349 he became Captain-General of Picardy and Artois. On 8 June 1351, while leading a French army against the English at the Battle of Ardres, he was killed, however the French were victorious.
He was buried in Belleville Abbey, Rhône.

## Marriage and issue

By a marriage contract dated 12 February 1333 he married Marie de Thil (died 4 March 1360), a daughter of Jean I de Thil and Agnes de Frobois. They are known to have had the following issue:
* Antoine de Beaujeu (died 1374), married Béatrice de Chalon, had no issue.
* Marguerite de Beaujeu (died 1402), married Jacques de Savoie.
# Mandaloun

The mandaloun (Arabic: مندلون) is a term given to a type of mullioned window. The mandaloun is an element of the traditional architecture of Lebanon that first appeared in the 17th-century stately mansions and later in the vernacular houses of the mountains of Lebanon.

## Etymology

The term mandaloun is of unknown origin and does not derive from any Arabic verbal root. Friedrich Ragette, an author of a book on Lebanese architecture, indicates an Italian origin, and links the term to the Italian mandolino, a musical instrument in the lute family. Ragette inferred that the mandaloun's disposition and location was favorable to the instrument player, thus the naming. This theory is reinforced by the fact that Italian was the most widely spoken foreign language by the notables as remarked by Gerard de Nerval in his 1851 voyage account, Voyage en Orient.
   Le prince me parla longtemps de sa famille, des voyages que son grand-père avait faits en Europe et des honneurs qu'il y avait obtenus. Il s'exprimait fort bien en italien, comme la plupart des émirs et des cheiks du Liban...

## History

In 1608, prince Fakhr-al-Din II of Lebanon concluded a secret economic and military alliance with the Grand Duke of Tuscany against the Ottoman hegemony. Alarmed, the Ottomans dispatched the Muhafiz of Damascus to mount an attack on Lebanon in order to reduce Fakhr-al-Din's growing power. Fakhr-al-Din chose to seek exile in Italy from 1613 until 1618 where he was hosted by Cosimo II de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany. Fakhr-al-Din stayed in pope Leo X's apartment at the Palazzo Vecchio and later in the Palazzo Medici Riccardi; he was also received by Cosimo II in the Palazzo Pitti where he was exposed to Florentine architecture particularly the biforas, a type of mullioned windows that garnered the facades of the Florentine Renaissance palaces.
Before returning from exile, Fakhr al-Din appealed for a long list of artisans at the court of the Medici but only four came to Lebanon. The artisans who arrived in 1631 included Cioli, a sculptor, and Fagni an engineer. These artisans who introduced elements of Italian architecture, including the bifora had to leave Lebanon precipitately in 1633 when Fakhr al-Din was deposed. One of the earliest known monuments to hold a variant of the bifore which would be known locally as mandaloun was Burj al-Kashaf, a watch tower built by Fakhr al-Din at the outskirts of the walled city of Beirut; the tower was destroyed in 1870.

## Description

The mandaloun was built with local limestone and consists of a vertical, fine column forming a division between two units of a window. The traditional mandaloun is always surmounted by a discharging arch and is often coupled with hanging flower boxes. Mandalouns were usually located in a prominent part of houses and palaces.
# Ravnan

Ravnan (Persian: راونان, also Romanized as Rāvnān) is a village in Dehsard Rural District, in the Central District of Arzuiyeh County, Kerman Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 82, in 23 families.
# Patgram Anath Bandhu Government High School

Patgram Anath Bandhu Government High School (Bengali: পাটগ্রাম অনাথ বন্ধু সরকারী উচ্চ বিদ্যালয়) is a secondary school in Harirampur Upazila, in the division of Dhaka, Bangladesh. It was established on 2 January 1915 by the Niogi family. The Niogi family was the most educated family in Harina, a location since flooded by the Padma River. The school was a minor school from 1915 to 1925, when the process of becoming a state school started. In the time of Hussain Muhammad Ershad the school became the first government school in Harirampur.
Alumni of the school include the AKM Miraz Uddin, educationist and scholar Khan Bahadur Abdul Hakim, dramatist Maznun Mizan and singer Kiran Chandra Roy.
# Narjeh Rural District

Narjeh Rural District (Persian: دهستان نرجه) is in the Central District of Takestan County, Qazvin province, Iran. It is administered from the city of Narjeh.

## Demographics
### Population

At the time of the 2006 National Census, the rural district's population was 923 in 254 households. There were 739 inhabitants in 233 households at the following census of 2011. The 2016 census measured the population of the rural district as 555 in 183 households. The most populous of its 23 villages was Qarah Bagh, with 332 people.
# List of town tramway systems in Belarus

This article shows a list of town tramway systems in Belarus. It includes all known tram systems in Belarus, past and present; cities with currently operating systems, and those systems themselves, are indicated in bold and blue background colored rows. Those tram systems that operated on other than standard gauge track (where known) are indicated in the 'Notes' column.

## Overview

The first electric tramway systems in Belarus started on 13 October 1929 when two Belarusian tramlines were created in Minsk. There are now 11 tramlines in Minsk.

## List of systems

| Location | Name of System | Traction Type | Date (From) | Date (To) | Notes |
| Mahilyow | | Horse | 10 Feb 1910 | 1920 | |
| Mazyr | Trams in Mazyr | Electric (express tramway) | 01 Aug 1988 | | Gauge: 1,524 mm (5 ft) |
| Minsk | Trams in Minsk | Horse | 22 May 1892 | 20 Jan 1928 | Gauge: 1,000 mm (3 ft 3+3⁄8 in) Operation suspended May 1918 - 07 August 1921 because of war. |
| Minsk | Trams in Minsk | Electric | 13 Oct 1929 | | Gauge: 1,524 mm (5 ft) Operation suspended 25 June 1941 - 1 May 1943 and June 1944 - 30 April 1945 because of war. |
| Novopolotsk | Trams in Navapolatsk | Electric (express tramway) | 21 May 1974 | | Gauge: 1,524 mm (5 ft) |
| Vitebsk | Trams in Vitebsk | Electric | 30 Jun 1896 | | Gauge: 1,524 mm (5 ft) Operation suspended 1918 - April 1923 and July 1941 - 5 October 1947 because of war. |

## Maps of the systems

* Mazyr (Mozyr')
* Minsk
* Navapolack (Novopolotsk)
* Viciebsk (Vitebsk)
# Totteridge Fields

Totteridge Fields is a 97-hectare Site of Metropolitan Importance for Nature Conservation (SINC) in Totteridge in the London Borough of Barnet. The SINC includes the privately owned Highwood Hill, and at the western end is a seven-hectare Local Nature Reserve owned by Barnet Council and managed by the London Wildlife Trust.
The Local Nature Reserve is an ancient hay meadow habitat consisting of three fields, known as Nutt Field, Hen Mead and Nearer Slay Land, with hawthorn and blackthorn hedgerows. The entrance is on Hendon Wood Lane, Arkley.
The main part of the site consists of a large area of uncultivated grassland and old hedgerows between Totteridge Common and Mays Lane, crossing Dollis Brook, which is also an SINC. The grassland has a wide range of wildflowers, such as sneezewort and harebell. The site also hosts the declining skylark and several rare beetles and spiders.
The Dollis Valley Greenwalk and London Loop cross Totteridge Fields.
# Svenonius

Svenonius is a Swedish surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Elaine Svenonius, American librarian and library scholar
* Ian Svenonius (born 1968), American musician and singer
* Lars Svenonius (1927–2010), Swedish logician and philosopher
# Pasha (river)

The Pasha (Russian: Пашá) is a river in Tikhvinsky and Volkhovsky Districts in the northeastern part of Leningrad Oblast of Russia, a left tributary of the Svir (Lake Ladoga basin). The Pasha is the largest of Svir's tributaries. It is 242 kilometres (150 mi) long, and the area of its basin 6,650 square kilometres (2,570 sq mi). Its largest tributary is the Kapsha (right).
The source of the Pasha is in Lake Pashozero in Tikhvinsky District in the northeast of Leningrad Oblast. The river flows southwest, accepts the Kapsha from the right, and close to the village of Novoye Selo turns north. The Pasha crosses into Volkhovsky District and downstream of the village of Vonga turns northwest. It joins the Svir just 8 kilometres (5.0 mi) away from Svir's mouth, in the settlement of Sviritsa.
The drainage basin of the Pasha includes large areas in the northeast of Leningrad Oblast. These lie in the center and the east of Tikhvinsky District, in the south of Lodeynopolsky District, in the northeast of Boksitogorsky District, as well as in the northwest of Volkhovsky District. A number of big lakes lie in the Pasha basin, including Lake Pashozero, Lake Kapshozero, Lake Lerinskoye, and Lake Korvalskoye.
The lowest 25 kilometres (16 mi) of the river course, downstream of the settlement of Rybezhno, are listed as navigable in the State Water Register of Russia.
# Algeria, Unspoken Stories

Algeria, Unspoken Stories (French: Algérie, histoires à ne pas dire) is a 2007 documentary film. The film showed at the 2007 Toronto International Film Festival.

## Synopsis

When independence is declared in 1962, the minority communities of Jewish and European origin flee Algeria. Four people of Muslim ascendency searching for the truth about their own lives evoke the last decades of French colonization, the years of war, from 1955 to 1962. Hatred and friendship lead us through a hidden memory: their relationships with their Jewish and Christian neighbours. The foundational myths of the new Algeria are revisited, but will they succeed in getting to the bottom of their own legends?
# Aleksandra Boiko

Aleksandra Leontievna Boiko (Russian: Александра Леонтьевна Бойко; 20 May 1918 – 25 May 1996) was a tank commander in the Soviet Army active in the Eastern Front of the Second World War.

## Biography

Aleksandra Leontievna Morisheva was born on 20 May 1918, in Belebey, Bashkortostan, Soviet Union. She graduated from the Kyiv National University of Technologies and Design in 1938, and became employed as a chemist in a factory in Bashkortostan. Morisheva moved to Magadan, where she became an inspector in the Kolymsnab trust until February 1942. Morisheva married Ivan Fedorovich Boiko.
Along with her husband, Ivan Boiko, she raised 50,000 roubles from their savings to pay for the construction of a tank for the Soviet Army. As part of the effort, they appealed to be sent to the Eastern Front. A year later, she was appointed as a tank commander while holding the rank of Junior Lieutenant, and her husband was her engineer within the tank. The couple had both graduated from the accelerated programme at the Chelyabinsk Tank School. They first entered battle during the Riga Offensive in 1944, and it was reported that they had destroyed five tanks and two guns in two weeks. In August that year, she was awarded the Order of the Patriotic War first class.
She went to Moscow in September that year, where she attended an anti-fascist rally and appeared on the back cover of the magazine Ogoniok. Later, while fighting in the Baltics, both Boikos were injured and spent time in a hospital. They were released in time to celebrate Victory Day in Czechoslovakia. After she was demobilised, she returned to Magadan and ran a bakery before being elected to the City Council twice, in 1947 and 1953. She then moved to Apsheronsk, but was made an honorary citizen of Magadan on 4 December 1991. She died on 25 May 1996.
# Henry Montagu-Scott, 2nd Baron Montagu of Boughton

Henry James Montagu-Scott, 2nd Baron Montagu of Boughton (16 December 1776 – 30 October 1845)

## Early life

Lord Henry James Scott was born on 16 December 1776. He was the youngest son of Lady Elizabeth Montagu (1743–1827) and Henry Scott, 3rd Duke of Buccleuch. His elder siblings were Lady Elizabeth Scott (wife of Alexander Home, 10th Earl of Home), Lady Mary Scott (wife of James Stopford, 3rd Earl of Courtown), Charles Montagu-Scott, 4th Duke of Buccleuch, Lady Caroline Scott (wife of Charles Douglas, 6th Marquess of Queensberry). His younger sister was Lady Harriet Scott (wife of William Kerr, 6th Marquess of Lothian).
His paternal grandparents were Francis Scott, Earl of Dalkeith (son of Francis Scott, 2nd Duke of Buccleuch) and the former Caroline Campbell. His maternal grandparents were Lady Mary Montagu and George Montagu, 1st Duke of Montagu.
Lord Henry was educated at Eton and St. John's College, Cambridge.

## Career

On his maternal grandfather's death in 1790, when the Dukedom of Montagu became extinct, the Barony passed under a special remainder to Lord Henry Scott. Lord Henry also inherited the Lordship of Bowland from his mother, the Duchess, having the title entailed upon him by his nephew, the 5th Duke, in 1827.
In 1823, he was appointed Lord-Lieutenant of Selkirkshire, succeeding Francis Napier, 8th Lord Napier and holding office until his death in 1845.

## Personal life

On 22 November 1804, Scott was married to Hon. Jane Margaret Douglas, the daughter of Archibald Douglas, 1st Baron Douglas and, his first wife, Lady Lucy Graham (the daughter of William Graham, 2nd Duke of Montrose and Lady Lucy Manners). Together, they were the parents of four daughters:
* Hon. Lucy Elizabeth Montagu-Scott (1805–1877), who married her first cousin, Cospatrick Home, 11th Earl of Home, son of Alexander Home, 10th Earl of Home and Lady Elizabeth Scott.
* Mary Margaret Montagu-Scott (1807–1885), who married Lt.-Col. Frederick Clinton, son of Lt.-Gen. Sir William Henry Clinton and Hon. Louisa Dorothea Holroyd (a daughter of John Baker-Holroyd, 1st Earl of Sheffield).
* Jane Caroline Montagu-Scott (1808–1846), who died unmarried.
* Hon. Caroline Georgiana Montagu-Scott (1811–1891), who married George William Hope, son of Gen. Sir Alexander Hope (a son of son of John Hope, 2nd Earl of Hopetoun) and Georgiana Brown.
Lord Montagu died on 30 October 1845. Upon his death, and with no male issue, the title of Montagu of Boughton became extinct.
# 2′-NH2-MPTP

2′-NH$_2$-MPTP, also known as 2′-amino-MPTP, is a monoaminergic neurotoxin that was derived from MPTP and is used in scientific research to lesion brain monoaminergic systems in animals. Whereas MPTP is a selective dopaminergic neurotoxin, 2′-NH$_2$-MPTP is a specific serotonergic and noradrenergic neurotoxin that does not affect dopaminergic neurons. 2′-NH$_2$-MPTP is transported by the serotonin transporter (SERT) into serotonergic neurons and by the norepinephrine transporter (NET) into noradrenergic neurons, and its serotonergic and noradrenergic neurotoxicity is dependent on this transport by the SERT and NET, respectively. 2′-NH$_2$-MPTP was first described in the scientific literature by 1993.
# Al-Arabi FC (Qatar) Reserves

Al-Arabi Reserves (Arabic: رديف النادي العربي), is the second team of Al Arabi Sports Club. Al Arabi Reserves Team consists of the same squad as the Qatargas league clubs who have another team Qatar Star League (QSL). They are active in football, basketball, handball, volleyball, futsal and reserves.

## Honors

* Reserve League
    Winners (1): 2009/2010

## Professionalism

QSL clubs are limited to 4 foreign professionals (3 + 1 Asian) per squad.
# Hurricane (Natalie Grant song)

Hurricane is the lead single by the singer-songwriter Natalie Grant from her album of the same name which was released on October 15, 2013.

## Composition

Hurricane is originally in the key of G Major, with a tempo of 105 beats per minute. Grant's vocal range spans from G$_3$ to D$_5$ during the song.

## Music video

A lyric video for the single Hurricane premiered April 29, 2013, on YouTube.

## Awards
### GMA Dove Awards

| Year | Category | Result |
| 2014 | Song of the Year | Nominated |
| 2014 | Contemporary Christian Performance of the Year | Nominated |
| 2014 | Pop/Contemporary Song of the Year | Nominated |
# Union for the Triumph of Democratic Renewal

The Union for the Triumph of Democratic Renewal (French: Union pour le Triomphe du Renouveau Démocratique, UTRD) was a political alliance in Benin.

## History

The UTRD was established in 1991 to support presidential candidate Nicéphore Soglo, and initially consisted of the Democratic Union of the Forces of Progress (UDFP), the Movement for Democracy and Social Progress (MDPS) and the Union for Liberty and Development (ULD). It won 12 seats in the 1991 parliamentary election, emerging as the largest faction in the 64-seat National Assembly. Soglo went on to win the presidential elections in March, beating Mathieu Kérékou in a runoff.
Subsequently the alliance expanded, changing its name to New Republic (Nouvelle République) when an additional nine MPs joined. In 1993 it became Renewal (La Renouveau) after absorbing another 13 MPs, giving it a total of 34 seats. The Social Democratic Party, National Union for Solidarity and Progress and Union for Democracy and National Solidarity were amongst the parties that joined.
The alliance split prior to the 1995 elections. Of the three original parties, only the UDFP contested the elections, failing to win a seat.
# Zahrani River

The Zahrani (Arabic: نهر زهراني) is a river in Southern Lebanon. It is located south of Sidon. Zahrani (زهراني) is the adjective form of the noun Zahran (زهران), which means flowering or blossoming in Arabic. This river irrigates most of Jabal Rihane and Nabatiyeh areas. It is considered one of the most important rivers of the Jabal Rihane area. Its mouth is located north of the mouth of the (longer) Litani River.
Zahrani Bridge crosses over this river.
# Hendi Bolagh

Hendi Bolagh (Persian: هندي بلاغ, also Romanized as Hendī Bolāgh; also known as Hendī Būlakh and Hindibulan) is a village in Yeylan-e Jonubi Rural District, Bolbanabad District, Dehgolan County, Kurdistan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 38, in 7 families. The village is populated by Kurds.
# Treason Act 1702

The Treason Act 1702 (1 Ann. St. 2. c. 21) is an Act of the Parliament of England, passed to enforce the line of succession to the English throne (today the British throne), previously established by the Bill of Rights 1689 and the Act of Settlement 1701.
The Act makes it treason to "endeavour to deprive or hinder any person who shall be the next in succession to the crown for the time being ... from succeeding after the decease of her Majesty (whom God long preserve) to the imperial crown of this realm and the dominions and territories thereunto belonging".
Originally a capital offence, the penalty was reduced in 1998 to life imprisonment.
Although the Act was passed by the English Parliament, it was later extended to Scotland by the Treason Act 1708, following the Union of the two kingdoms in the previous year. The Parliament of Ireland passed a law to the same effect in 1703, the Treason Act (Ireland) 1703 (2 Ann. c. 5 (I)). This is still in force in Northern Ireland.

## In fiction

* In the movie King Ralph, Ralph used the Treason Act 1702 as his justification in ordering the arrest of Lord Graves (John Hurt) on the grounds that Graves had interfered with Ralph's succession to the throne. After silently going through the Mnemonic Verse, he mentioned it was passed by William III, when in fact it was passed in the first year of Queen Anne's reign.
* In the movie Johnny English, the villain Pascal Sauvage (John Malkovich) is tried for treason under this Act when his plot to seize the throne is foiled, and the audience is told that the crime still carries a penalty of death by hanging. However, as the film was released in 2003 (the penalty was downgraded to life imprisonment in 1998), it renders the imposition of the death penalty inaccurate.
# Gornje Grbice

Gornje Grbice (Serbian: Горње Грбице) is a village in the municipality of Aerodrom, Serbia. According to the 2002 census, the village has a population of 273 people.
# William Allan (footballer, born 1904)

William Allan (1904 – 23 November 1969) was a Scottish footballer who played as a right back for Burnbank Athletic, Hamilton Academical, Motherwell, Dalbeattie Star, Partick Thistle, Bo'ness and Albion Rovers.
Known as 'Puggy', he made his debut for Hamilton Academical on 11 August 1928 at home to Third Lanark. Overall, he made 211 appearances for the Accies, featuring on the losing side in the semi-final of the 1931–32 Scottish Cup.
In December 1933 he moved to local rivals Motherwell, one of Scotland's leading teams in the period. Over the course of his time at Fir Park he made 30 appearances in the league without scoring.
While at Burnbank Athletic, he played four games at junior international level as well as playing for Lanarkshire. The closest he came for a senior Scotland cap was when he was selected as a reserve against France in May 1932.
# Garmab-e Bala

Garmab-e Bala (Persian: گرماب بالا, also Romanized as Garmāb-e Bālā and Garmāb Bālā) is a village in Kharturan Rural District, Beyarjomand District, Shahrud County, Semnan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 39, in 8 families.
# Juliusz Petry

Juliusz Petry (1889–1961), was a Polish writer, and radio director; he was the first director of Polish Radio in Lwów and Wilno and, after World War II, in Wrocław. He co-organized the re-launch of Polish Television, and was the author of numerous radio programs.
* This article about a Polish writer or poet is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
# Molodo (river)

The Molodo (Russian: Молодо, Yakut: Муолада, Muolada) is a river in Bulunsky District, Sakha Republic, Russia. It is a major left tributary of the Lena. The Molodo is 556 kilometres (345 mi) long, and the area of its basin 26,900 square kilometres (10,400 sq mi).
The banks of the Molodo are not inhabited. River sediments contain alluvial gold and diamonds.

## Geography

The Molodo originates at the confluence of the Molodo-Khangas-Anabyla and the Molodo-Unga-Anabyla in the Central Siberian Plateau, western part of Bulunsky District. From the source it flows southwest, subsequently south, and accepts the Khastakh from the left. Downstream of the mouth of the Khastakh the Molodo turns east, accepts the Daldyn from the left and turns southeast. Below the mouth of the Syungyude the Molodo turns northwest, accepts the Muogdan from the left and turns right. The mouth of the Molodo is 413 kilometres (257 mi) upstream of the mouth of the Lena.
The drainage basin of the Molodo includes the southwestern part of Bulunsky District and the northwestern part of Zhigansky District.

### Tributaries

The longest tributary of the Molodo is the 466 km (290 mi) long Syungyude, joining it from the right.

## Geology

A geological outcrop along the river ("Molodo river section") was a candidate for the definition of the base of Wuliuan. If chosen, the stage would have been named Molodian, after the river.
# Martin Krämer

Martin Kraemer (German: Martin Krämer; born 23 December 1987) is a German chess player who received the FIDE title of Grandmaster (GM) in September 2012.

## Chess career

Born in 1987, Krämer earned his international master title in 2006 and his grandmaster title in 2012. He achieved his three grandmaster norms in the 2009/10, 2010/11 and 2011/12 Chess Bundesliga seasons. He won the German Rapid Chess Championship in 2013. He is the No. 17 ranked German player as of February 2018.