OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# 1934 in American television

This is a list of American television-related events in 1934.

## Events

* June 19 -
** President Franklin D. Roosevelt signs the Communications Act of 1934. Particular parts of it became effective on July 1, 1934; the remaining parts on July 11, 1934. Communications technology was determined to be an interstate good. Roosevelt, along with lobbyists and state regulators, wanted communications technology, both wired and wireless, to be monitored and had influenced the United States Congress to pass the Communications Act of 1934. The goal was to have telephone and broadcasting regulated with the same jurisdiction in a way similar to that in which the Interstate Commerce Commission (ICC) regulated the railways and interstate commerce. The act did not, however, allow for price regulation through the FCC, due to strong lobbying efforts from the National Association of Regulatory Utility Commissioners (NARUC).
** The Federal Communications Commission (FCC) was formed by the Communications Act of 1934 to replace the radio regulation functions of the previous Federal Radio Commission.
* July 17 - The initial organization of the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) was effected on July 17, 1934, in three divisions, Broadcasting, Telegraph, and Telephone. Each division was led by two of the seven commissioners, with the FCC chairman being a member of each division. The organizing meeting directed the divisions to meet on July 18, July 19, and July 20, respectively.
* August 25 - On August 25, the inventor Philo Farnsworth gave the world's first public demonstration of an all-electronic television system, using a live camera, at the Franklin Institute of Philadelphia. His demonstrations continued for ten days afterwards. Farnsworth's system included his version of an image dissector.
* October 29 - On October 29, 1934, Mutual Broadcasting System, Inc. was incorporated, with Bamberger's and WGN Inc. each holding 50 percent of the stock—five each of the ten total shares.
* Specific date unknown -
** RCA files a patent interference suit against Philo Farnsworth, due to their simultaneous work on an image dissector. Farnsworth won the suit in February 1935; RCA appealed the decision in 1936 and lost.
** The American inventor Vladimir K. Zworykin completed his experiments with the iconoscope, the first practical video camera tube to be used in early television cameras. The image iconoscope, first presented in 1934, was a result of a collaboration between Zworykin and RCA's German licensee Telefunken. In 1935 the Reichspost started the public broadcastings of an electronic television system by using this tube. It applied a 180 lines system.
** By 1934 RCA increased the definition of its television broadcasts to 343 interlaced lines and the frame rate to 30 per second.
# Coherent backscattering

In physics, coherent backscattering is observed when coherent radiation (such as a laser beam) propagates through a medium which has a large number of scattering centers (such as milk or a thick cloud) of size comparable to the wavelength of the radiation.
The waves are scattered many times while traveling through the medium. Even for incoherent radiation, the scattering typically reaches a local maximum in the direction of backscattering. For coherent radiation, however, the peak is two times higher.
Coherent backscattering is very difficult to detect and measure for two reasons. The first is fairly obvious, that it is difficult to measure the direct backscatter without blocking the beam, but there are methods for overcoming this problem. The second is that the peak is usually extremely sharp around the backward direction, so that a very high level of angular resolution is needed for the detector to see the peak without averaging its intensity out over the surrounding angles where the intensity can undergo large dips. At angles other than the backscatter direction, the light intensity is subject to numerous essentially random fluctuations called speckles.
This is one of the most robust interference phenomena that survives multiple scattering, and it is regarded as an aspect of a quantum mechanical phenomenon known as weak localization (Akkermans et al. 1986). In weak localization, interference of the direct and reverse paths leads to a net reduction of light transport in the forward direction. This phenomenon is typical of any coherent wave which is multiple scattered. It is typically discussed for light waves, for which it is similar to the weak localization phenomenon for electrons in disordered semi-conductors and often seen as the precursor to Anderson (or strong) localization of light. Weak localization of light can be detected since it is manifested as an enhancement of light intensity in the backscattering direction. This substantial enhancement is called the cone of coherent backscattering.
Coherent backscattering has its origin in the interference between direct and reverse paths in the backscattering direction. When a multiply scattering medium is illuminated by a laser beam, the scattered intensity results from the interference between the amplitudes associated with the various scattering paths; for a disordered medium, the interference terms are washed out when averaged over many sample configurations, except in a narrow angular range around exact backscattering where the average intensity is enhanced. This phenomenon is the result of many sinusoidal two-wave interference patterns which add up. The cone is the Fourier transform of the spatial distribution of the intensity of the scattered light on the sample surface, when the latter is illuminated by a point-like source. The enhanced backscattering relies on the constructive interference between reverse paths. One can make an analogy with a Young's interference experiment, where two diffracting slits would be positioned in place of the "input" and "output" scatterers.
# Novovladimirskoye

Novovladimirskoye (Russian: Нововладимирское; Nogai: Гоьрбуьв, Görbüv) is a rural locality (a selo) in Chernyayevsky Selsoviet, Kizlyarsky District, Republic of Dagestan, Russia. The population was 774 as of 2010. There are 6 streets.

## Geography

Novovladimirskoye is located 25 km northeast of Kizlyar (the district's administrative centre) by road. Burumbay, Persidskoye and Chernyayevka are the nearest rural localities.

## Nationalities

Nogais, Kumyks, Avars, Azerbaijanis, Dargins and Russians live there.
# Dobrynino

Dobrynino (Russian: Добрынино) is a rural locality (a village) in Tolpukhovskoye Rural Settlement, Sobinsky District, Vladimir Oblast, Russia. The population was 81 as of 2010. There are 5 streets.

## Geography

Dobrynino is located on the Koloksha River, 23 km north of Sobinka (the district's administrative centre) by road. Sheldyakovo is the nearest rural locality.
# Omar Abdulaziz

Omar Abdulaziz (Arabic: عمر عبد العزيز) or variant spellings may refer to:
* Omar Abdel Aziz, Nigerian squash player, (born 1983)
* Omar Abdel Aziz, head of the Egyptian head of the Federation of Artistic Syndicates, see Cinema of Egypt
* Omar Abdul Aziz, Nigerian footballer, (born 1985)
* Omar Abdulaziz (footballer), Saudi footballer, (born 1983)
* Omar Abdulaziz (vlogger), Saudi dissident vlogger living in exile in Montreal, Canada
* Omar Abdulaziz Al-Sonain, Saudi footballer, (born 1995)
# Hold Back

Hold Back (French: Rengaine) is a 2012 French drama film directed and written by Rachid Djaidani.

## Plot

In Paris, Dorcy, a young Black Christian and Sabrina, a young North African, want to marry. Their project, however, faces an entrenched taboo in the minds of both communities : no marriage between blacks and Arabs. Slimane, big brother, guardian of traditions, will oppose by all means to this union.

## Cast

* Slimane Dazi as Slimane
* Sabrina Hamida as Sabrina
* Stéphane Soo Mongo as Dorcy
* Nina Morato as Nina
* Max Boublil as Dorcy's friend

## Accolades

| Award | Category | Recipient | Result |
| Cannes Film Festival | Directors' Fortnight | Rachid Djaidani | Won |
| Cannes Film Festival | Caméra d'Or | Rachid Djaidani | Nominated |
| Cork Film Festival | Audience Award | Rachid Djaidani | Nominated |
| César Award | Best First Feature Film | Rachid Djaidani & Anne-Dominique Toussaint | Nominated |
| Deauville Film Festival | Michel d'Ornano Award | Rachid Djaidani | Won |
| Lumières Award | Most Promising Actor | Stéphane Soo Mongo | Nominated |
# Armagh City, Banbridge and Craigavon

Armagh City, Banbridge and Craigavon is a local government district in Northern Ireland. The district was created as Armagh, Banbridge and Craigavon on 1 April 2015 by merging the City and District of Armagh, Banbridge District and most of the Borough of Craigavon. The word "City" was added to the name on 24 February 2016, to reflect Armagh's city status. The local authority is Armagh City, Banbridge and Craigavon Borough Council.

## Geography

The district covers parts of counties Armagh and Down, taking in the upper Bann valley and much of the southern shore of Lough Neagh as well as Armagh city. It had a population of 220,271 in 2022. The name of the new district was announced on 17 September 2008.

## Demographics

In the 2021 UK census, the district was 96.7% white.
The national identities of the new council from the 2011 census were:
* 50.5% British
* 28.9% Northern Irish
* 25.2% Irish
* 4.6% Other
* 1.3% English, Scottish, Welsh
The religious makeup was as follows:
* 51.7% Protestant/other Christian
* 43.0% Catholic
* 5.3% Other/none

## Armagh City, Banbridge and Craigavon Borough Council

Armagh City, Banbridge and Craigavon Borough Council replaces Armagh City and District Council, Banbridge District Council and Craigavon Borough Council.
The first election for the new district council was originally due to take place in May 2009, but on April 25, 2008, Shaun Woodward, Secretary of State for Northern Ireland announced that the scheduled 2009 district council elections were to be postponed until 2011. The first elections took place on 22 May 2014 and the council acted as a shadow authority until 1 April 2015.
# Uteymullino

Uteymullino (Russian: Утеймуллино; Bashkir: Үтәймулла, Ütäymulla) is a rural locality (a village) in Nagadaksky Selsoviet, Aurgazinsky District, Bashkortostan, Russia. The population was 379 as of 2010. There are 5 streets.

## Geography

Uteymullino is located 42 km northeast of Tolbazy (the district's administrative centre) by road. Verkhniye Lekandy is the nearest rural locality.
# Kurdyukovskoye

Kurdyukovskoye (Russian: Курдюковское) is a rural locality (a selo) in Chernyayevsky Selsoviet, Kizlyarsky District, Republic of Dagestan, Russia. The population was 225 as of 2010. There are 2 streets.

## Geography

Kurdyukovskoye is located 26 km northeast of Kizlyar (the district's administrative centre) by road. Novovladimirskoye and Burumbay are the nearest rural localities.

## Nationalities

Dargins, Avars, Nogais and Russians live there.
# Danilovka, Sobinsky District, Vladimir Oblast

Danilovka (Russian: Даниловка) is a rural locality (a village) in Tolpukhovskoye Rural Settlement, Sobinsky District, Vladimir Oblast, Russia. The population was 13 as of 2010.

## Geography

Danilovka is located 30 km north of Sobinka (the district's administrative centre) by road. Kishleyevo is the nearest rural locality.
# Pathet Lao (newspaper)

Pathet Lao (Lao: ປະເທດລາວ) is a weekly newspaper published in Laos.
# Ripening Youth (1955 film)

Ripening Youth (German: Reifende Jugend) is a 1955 West German drama film directed by Ulrich Erfurth and starring Adelheid Seeck, Maximilian Schell, and Albert Lieven. It was shot at the Göttingen Studios in Göttingen. The film's sets were designed by the art director Alfred Bütow.

## Cast

* Adelheid Seeck as Charlotte Holsten
* Christine Keller as Regine Albing
* Maximilian Schell as Jürgen Sengebusch
* Mathias Wieman as Obersdtudiendirektor Dr. Berger
* Albert Lieven as Studienrat Dr. Crusius
* Klaus Barner as Erich Mettke, Oberprimaner
* Charles Brauer as Bert Ilgen, Oberprimaner
* Harald Giese as Andreas Bolz, Oberprimaner
* Brigitte Grothum as Dora
* Wolfgang Höper as Klaus Helmer, Oberprimaner
* Ilse Künkele as Sekretärin des Direktors
* Phoebe Monnard as Frau Scholz, Dr. Crusius' Wirtin
* Eberhard Müller-Elmau as Neckermann, Hausmeister
* Kurt Vespermann as Oberstudienrat Dr. Türck
* Ernst von Klipstein as Studienrat Baumbauer
# Parsé Semiconductor Co.

Parsé Semiconductor Co. was established in 2003 in Tehran, Iran, is a digital design house for ASIC, SoC and FPGA designs. In 2006, the company announced it has both designed and produced a 32-bit computer microprocessor inside the country for the first time.
The computer microprocessor called Aristo has been manufactured by Iranian researchers and engineers at Parsé Semiconductor with the support the company has received from the Modern Industries Center of the ministry of Industries of Iran. In addition, Parsé has released its own chip called Tachra, which includes the Aristo processor core, together with a suite of Tachra development tools. These architectures seem to have much in common with Leon3.
# Animal Protection Party

The Animal Protection Party (APP) was a political party founded in England in 2006 to represent an animal rights perspective. It stood four candidates in the 2010 general election. The party de-registered in 2016.

## 2010 general election

The APP stood in four constituencies in the May 2010 British general election, chosen because the sitting MP was viewed by the APP as representing the interests of people or industries that use animals.
* Sarah Coats, a recycling company administrator, stood in Meon Valley, a new constituency where Wickham Laboratories is based. Coats received 255 votes (0.3%); the seat was taken by George Hollingbery for the Conservatives.
* Carrie Holliman (listed by the Electoral Commission as the party leader) stood in Huntingdon, where Huntingdon Life Sciences is based, against Conservative MP Jonathan Djanogly. She received 181 votes (0.3%). Djanogly held the seat.
* Jim Kapetanos stood in Vauxhall against the Labour MP Kate Hoey, chair of the Countryside Alliance, which promotes hunting. He received 96 votes (0.2%) and Hoey comfortably held the seat.
* Keith Mann, who had previously been jailed for arson, stood in Oxford West and Abingdon against the Liberal Democrat MP Evan Harris; the area had been the focus of protests against the building of Oxford University's Biomedical Sciences Building. Mann received 143 votes (0.3%); Harris lost the seat to Nicola Blackwood for the Conservative Party. Mann said, "I wanted to challenge because of his support for animal testing in Oxford, but also because of his desire to extend the abortion time limit."
# Owjur

Owjur (Persian: اوجور, also Romanized as Owjūr; also known as Lūjūr) is a village in the Central District of Sareyn County, Ardabil Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 456 in 88 families.
# Masrur Kiyomidinov

Masrur Mashkhurovich Kiyomidinov (Russian: Масрур Машхурович Киёмидинов; born 21 January 2002) is a Tajik professional footballer who plays for Ravshan Kulob.

## International career

Kiyomidinov has been called up to Belarus national under-17 team in 2017 for a number of friendly matches and to Russia national under-17 team training camp in 2018, but has not made official match debut for either team.
# All Saints Church, Porthcawl

All Saints Church, Porthcawl is a Listed Anglican church in the seaside resort of Porthcawl, South Wales. It is a daughter church of St John's in Newton, despite being considerably larger in size.
St John's, founded in the 1180s, proved sufficient for many years to handle the numbers of worshippers. Only after Porthcawl acquired a new harbour in the mid 19th Century did the population (and thus number of worshippers) begin to prove beyond the capacity of St John's.
The first All Saints was set up beside the harbour in 1866. This had a dual purpose as a school (the street is still called 'Old School Road'). It was replaced by a large tin tabernacle in 1892 (or 1899), which stood on the site of the present church, which replaced it in 1914. The church's original designs of 1909 envisaged a south-east tower, though this was not built and the gap is now bricked off. The church was later extended to the north-east in the 1960s, when a vestry and lady chapel were added. Listed status was granted in 1992.
The church's east window, installed in 1927, is the work of Karl Parsons.
# Lyric Records (US)

Lyric Records was a record label based in the United States from about 1917 to 1921.
The parent company of Lyric Records was initially listed on the label as the Lyraphone Company of America, New York City, although actually headquartered in Newark, New Jersey. Later labels reflected the actual location. The label artwork featured a drawing of a white cat (perhaps inspired by the dog Nipper of the Victor Talking Machine Company's His Master's Voice logo) seated on a phonograph record, with the legend "Never Scratches". Lyric Records actually seem to be exactly as prone to scratching as any other shellac 78rpm record of the era.
The first Lyric records were vertical-cut with an unusually narrow groove that required using steel needles, related to that used by British "Marathon" discs, which according to company publicity yielded a playing time of four-and-a-half minutes per 10-inch side and seven minutes per 12-inch side. Over 1000 titles were available by September 1917, including popular vocal, dance, operatic, and orchestral selections. J. Louis von der Mehden was the company's chief conductor, and his diaries (now at the University of Connecticut) detail recording sessions with a 40-player orchestra which he personally recruited, a much larger ensemble than most American recording groups. The recorded sound of Lyric vertical-cut discs is superior to most other contemporary American "hill-and-dale" records. From 1919 Lyric records were double-sided lateral-cut 10-inch discs which have slightly above-average sound quality for the era. The company went into receivership in the fall of 1921 and ceased operations sometime the following year.
Among those recording for Lyric were soprano Regina Vicarino, violinist Vera Barstow, tenor "Mario Rodolfi" (the first stage name of opera star Mario Chamlee), vaudeville comedian and prolific early sound recording star Billy Murray and Harry Yerkes' band featuring early jazz trombonist Tom Brown. The celebrated Polish pianist and composer Sigismund Stojowski made his only records for Lyric, of Anton Rubinstein's Valse caprice in E-flat and Frédéric Chopin's Waltz in A-flat major op. 42.
# Lazarivo

Lazarivo is a town and commune (Malagasy: kaominina) in southwest Madagascar. It belongs to the district of Betioky Sud, which is a part of Atsimo-Andrefana Region. The population of the commune was estimated to be approximately 17,000 in 2001 commune census.
Only primary schooling is available. The majority 80% of the population of the commune are farmers, while an additional 15% receives their livelihood from raising livestock. The most important crops are rice and peanuts; also cassava is an important agricultural product. Services provide employment for 5% of the population.

## References and notes

* ↑ Estimated based on DEM data from Shuttle Radar Topography Mission
* 1 2 3 "ILO census data". Cornell University. 2002. Retrieved 2008-03-12.
23°54′S 44°57′E﻿ / ﻿23.900°S 44.950°E﻿ / -23.900; 44.950
* This Atsimo-Andrefana location article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
# Keru

Keru (Arabic: كرو) is a city in Eritrea.
* This Eritrea location article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
# Artian

Artian (Persian: ارتيان, also Romanized as Artīān) is a village in Takab Rural District, in the Central District of Dargaz County, Razavi Khorasan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 408, in 100 families.
# Kotliarivka, Zaporizhzhia Oblast

Kotliarivka (Ukrainian: Котлярівка) is a village in the Chernihivka settlement hromada, Berdiansk Raion of Zaporizhzhia Oblast, Ukraine.

## Overview

Kotliarivka is 16 km away from the hromada's administrative centre, Chernihivka.
As of 2015, the village had a population of 1.
On 12 June 2020, the village became part of Chernihivka settlement hromada. On the liquidation of Chernihivka Raion, the village became part of Berdiansk Raion.
# Tatarsky Nagadak

Tatarsky Nagadak (Russian: Татарский Нагадак; Bashkir: Татар Нуғаҙағы, Tatar Nuğaźağı; Tatar: Татар Нугазагы, Tatar Nuğazağı) is a rural locality (a village) and the administrative centre of Nagadaksky Selsoviet, Aurgazinsky District, Bashkortostan, Russia. The population was 451 as of 2010. There are 7 streets.

## Geography

Tatarsky Nagadak is located 39 km northeast of Tolbazy (the district's administrative centre) by road. Nagadak is the nearest rural locality.
# Gol Bestan

Gol Bestan (Persian: گلبستان) is a village in Peyrajeh Rural District of the Central District of Neka County, Mazandaran province, Iran.

## Demographics
### Population

At the time of the 2006 National Census, the village's population was 2,462 in 597 households. The following census in 2011 counted 2,866 people in 824 households. The 2016 census measured the population of the village as 3,114 people in 946 households. It was the most populous village in its rural district.
# Anfimikha

Anfimikha (Russian: Анфимиха) is a rural locality (a village) in Bereznikovskoye Rural Settlement, Sobinsky District, Vladimir Oblast, Russia. The population was 4 as of 2010.

## Geography

Anfimikha is located 29 km southeast of Sobinka (the district's administrative centre) by road. Korobovo is the nearest rural locality.
# Branchiostegus biendong

Branchiostegus biendong is a species of marine ray-finned fish, a tilefish belonging to the family Malacanthidae. It is found in Vietnam.
# Balaban, Piranshahr

Balaban (Persian: بالابان, also Romanized as Bālābān) is a village in Lahijan-e Sharqi Rural District, Lajan District, Piranshahr County, West Azerbaijan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 140, in 22 families.