OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Gezirah Palace

The Gezirah Palace (Arabic: قصر الجزيرة) was one of the Egyptian royal palaces of the Muhammad Ali Dynasty. It is located in the Zamalek district on Gezira Island in the Nile, just west of Downtown Cairo.

## History

The Gezirah Palace, designed c. 1868, was commissioned by Khedive Ismail for entertaining visiting international dignitaries during the opening of the Suez Canal in 1869.
At the palace's opening ceremony, guests saw the first performance of Giuseppe Verdi's opera Aida, commissioned for the opening of the Suez Canal.
Ismail Pasha fell into debt and sold the Palace ten years after its construction to Michel Lutfallah who turned it into his private residence. The palace was known during that period as the Lutfallah Palace.
During the Veiled British Protectorate, the palace was sold to Paul Draneht and Commander Oblieght in 1889, and converted by the Compagnie Internationale des Grands Hotels into The Ghezireh Palace Hotel in October 1894. During World War I it was put into service as the No.2 Australian General Hospital, after the Mena House was unable to cope with the huge number of casualties from the Battle of Gallipoli.

## Architecture

The Gezira Palace is a neoclassical structure with an alhambresque style used for interior decorations, the portico façade, and a monumental garden pavilion. The landscaped gardens surrounding the palace included a zoo.
Renowned European architects were commissioned for the project: Julius Franz [de] of Germany designed the palace, Owen Jones of Britain did the interiors, and Carl von Diebitsch of Prussia designed the portico and the garden pavilion.

## Present day

The Gezirah Palace is currently the central part of the Cairo Marriott Hotel complex, between the hotel's pair of towers, on Gezira Island north of the 6th October Bridge.

## Gallery

* Draneht Pasha
* Pavilion du Gezirah Palace Hôtel
* The alhambresque exterior pavilion designed by Carl Von Diebitsch.
# Alison Young (sailor)

Alison Young (born 29 May 1987) is a British sailor. She was the first British woman to be world champion in a solo Olympic dinghy class.

## Life

Young was born in Wolverhampton, England on 29 May 1987. She started sailing on a lake in the River Severn valley when she was nine at the Trimpley Sailing Club.
She competed in the Laser Radial class event at the 2012 Summer Olympics where she placed 5th.
At the 2016 Laser World Championships, she won gold in the laser radial class and in doing so became the first British woman to become world champion in a solo Olympic dinghy class. Her best World Championship performance before this was 4th in 2012.
Young competed at the Rio 2016 Olympics, finishing 8th overall. She competed at the 2020 Summer Olympics in the Women's Laser Radial class and she finished tenth.
# Andrei Dîrzu

Andrei Dîrzu is a former Romanian tennis player who won five medals at the Summer Universiades between 1979 and 1985.
# Operation Haifisch

Operation Haifisch (Shark) was a German codename for the cover operation against the United Kingdom in World War II, intended (like Operation Harpune) to conceal preparations for Operation Barbarossa, the invasion of the Soviet Union.
Elaborated by Wilhelm Keitel and designated to begin in April 1941, the aim was to strike at England's southern coast in four places between Folkestone and Worthing. The Kriegsmarine's main task was to ferry the invasion forces after loading them at major ports between Cherbourg and Rotterdam.
# Thomas Morris (author)

Thomas Morris is a Welsh writer and editor. He was born and raised in Caerphilly and was educated in the Welsh language all through primary and secondary school. He worked for Welsh TV channel S4C for a period and was a trialist for Cardiff City F.C. He then moved to Ireland where he studied English and Philosophy at Trinity College Dublin, where he became chairperson of the Literary Society. During this time he became friends with, and an early editor of, Sally Rooney who described him as "the source of all her good writing advice". He is also a graduate of the University of East Anglia's MA in creative writing programme.

## Writing

Morris lives in Dublin and is closely associated with the city's literary scene. He is a contributor to and editor-at-large for The Stinging Fly magazine, and edited Tramp Press's short story anthology Dubliners 100 in 2014, which won an Irish Book Award. He has described himself as "I’m Welsh first; I live in Ireland second; and I grudgingly accept that I’m British". He has said that his curiosity in Ireland was started by watching Ballykissangel and he was not fully aware of Ireland's literary heritage until after he started studying in Trinity.
Regarding's Ireland's support for writers, Morris has said "There’s a tendency in Britain to go, ah, aren’t the Irish great with their oral storytelling tradition, as if that’s where [the success] comes from. It’s hard work. One thread of the (Stinging Fly)'s history in the 25 years since it was set up is the growth of the Arts Council in that time. In Britain, the arts are still up for question – like, should we support them? Whereas in Ireland it feels like they’re important a priori – we’re going to support them. If I’m a writer in Wales wanting to send out work, where do I go? In Ireland, I could send it to the Dublin Review, Banshee, Gorse, the Tangerine, The Stinging Fly. More and more writers from Britain look to get their start here because there aren’t necessarily those outlets in the UK."
Morris is best known as a short story writer whose work is concerned with small town life. His first book, the short story collection We Don’t Know What We’re Doing (2015) was published by Faber and Faber and received positive reviews and several awards, including the Wales Book of the Year in 2016. He was appointed Writer in Residence at University College Cork in 2017.
In 2023, Thomas was named by as one of the 20 Best Young British Novelists by Granta magazine. His second Open Up, also published by Faber, was released that year.
Morris is a supporter of Welsh independence.
# Maragheh, Razavi Khorasan

Maragheh (Persian: مراغه, also Romanized as Marāgheh; also known as Maragheb) is a village in Sang Bast Rural District, in the Central District of Fariman County, Razavi Khorasan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 358, in 104 families.
# Mathéo Vroman

Mathéo Vroman (born 19 November 2001) is a French professional footballer who plays as a forward for Belgian National Division 1 club RAAL La Louvière.
# Oleksii Dniprov

Oleksii Dniprov (Ukrainian: Олексій Сергійович Дніпров; born 25 February 1982, Kyiv) is a Ukrainian politician and statesman. Deputy Head of the Office of the President of Ukraine.

## Early life

Oleksii Dniprov was born in Kyiv, Ukraine.
He graduated from the Academy of Labor and Social Relations of the Federation of Trade Unions of Ukraine (2003), specialist in law, Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv with a degree in “Public Law", "Finance and Credit”, National University Odesa Law Academy with a degree in “Intellectual Property”.

## Career

From April 1998 to November 2002, he was the chairman of the board of the Youth Public Organization “Rights for All”.
From July 2003 to April 2004, he was a senior consultant, from April 2004 to February 2005, he was the chief consultant of the secretariat of the Committee on Freedom of Speech and Information, Apparatus of the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine.
From May 2003 to February 2005, he was an expert of the Public Council on Freedom of Speech and Information of the International Renaissance Foundation.
From February to September 2005, he was the head of the service of the Deputy Prime Minister of Ukraine for humanitarian and social issues.
From September 2005 to January 2011, he was the head of the Department of Humanitarian Policy, from January 2011 to January 2013, he was the director of the Department of Expertise of the Secretariat of the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine.
From January to April 2013, he was Deputy Minister — Chief of Staff of the Ministry of Education and Science, Youth and Sports of Ukraine. From April 2013 to February 2015, he was the Deputy Minister — Chief of Staff of the Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine.
From February 2015 to April 2016, he was the Deputy Head of the Administration of the President of Ukraine.
From April 2016 to July 2021, he was the head of the Administration Apparatus (Office) of the President of Ukraine.
From July 2021 to March 2024, he has been the Deputy Head of the Office of the President of Ukraine. He was replaced by Olena Kovalska.

## State activity

Oleksii Dniprov is the head of the Commission under the President of Ukraine on citizenship issues (since August 12, 2019).
He is the deputy chairman of the State Awards and Heraldry Commission (since August 13, 2019).
He is the head of the Commission under the President of Ukraine on pardons (since August 21, 2019).

## Awards

He is a Recipient of the Honorary Diploma of the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine (December 2009).
In June 2012, Oleksii Dniprov received the Order of Merit III degree.
# Liudmila Titova

Liudmila Titova (Ukrainian: Людмила Титова, Russian: Людмила Титова) was a Jewish-Ukrainian poet from Kiev, wife of the poet Ivan Yelagin (Іван Єлагін) also from Kiev, whom she had first met as a schoolgirl. Her famous poem "Babi Yar" written in 1941 – discovered only in the 1990s – was the first-ever literary work devoted to the 1941 massacre of Ukrainian Jews during the Holocaust. She was an eyewitness of these events.
   (excerpt in Russian) Ты видишь, видишь снег кровавый Идет, и все становится багряным. Да, и такое снится киевлянам, И я уже не верю, что когда-то Была на свете «Аппассионата».
# Mihai Donisan

Mihai Donisan (born 24 July 1988) is a Romanian athlete specialising in the high jump. He won two medals at the Jeux de la Francophonie, gold in 2009 and silver in 2013.
He has personal bests of 2.31 metres outdoors (2013) and 2.30 metres indoors (2013). On 13 May 2016, he was banned for the use of an illegal substance meldonium and was banned for two years until 19 February 2018.

## Competition record

| Year | Competition | Venue | Position | Notes |
| Representing Romania |||||
| 2009 | European U23 Championships | Kaunas, Lithuania | 10th | 2.18 m |
| 2009 | Jeux de la Francophonie | Beirut, Lebanon | 1st | 2.24 m |
| 2010 | European Championships | Barcelona, Spain | 18th (q) | 2.19 m |
| 2011 | Universiade | Shenzhen, China | 15th (q) | 2.15 m |
| 2012 | World Indoor Championships | Istanbul, Turkey | 15th (q) | 2.22 m |
| 2012 | European Championships | Helsinki, Finland | 8th | 2.24 m |
| 2013 | European Indoor Championships | Gothenburg, Sweden | 15th (q) | 2.18 m |
| 2013 | World Championships | Moscow, Russia | 16th (q) | 2.26 m |
| 2013 | Jeux de la Francophonie | Nice, France | 2nd | 2.30 m |
| 2014 | World Indoor Championships | Sopot, Poland | 9th (q) | 2.25 m |
| 2014 | European Championships | Zürich, Switzerland | 11th | 2.21 m |
| 2015 | European Indoor Championships | Prague, Czech Republic | 9th (q) | 2.24 m |
| 2015 | World Championships | Beijing, China | 22nd (q) | 2.26 m |
# Yaychi, West Azerbaijan

Yaychi (Persian: يايچي, also Romanized as Yāychī) is a village in Baba Jik Rural District, in the Central District of Chaldoran County, West Azerbaijan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 46, in 10 families.
# Emma Barton (photographer)

Emma Barton (1872–1938) was an English portrait photographer.
Born Emma Boaz Rayson into a working-class family in Birmingham, she became the common-law wife of a solicitor, George Barton with whom she had a son Cecil Raleigh Barton. She was first introduced to photography by the brother-in-law of her stepfather, and first became known by publishing portraits of Dan Leno, the music hall star and relative of her husband, in 1898. She is one of the few women photographers highly respected for her work during this time period.
In 1901 she had her work shown at the Royal Photographic Society for the first time. She then began to exhibit portraits and religious subjects, being awarded the Royal Photographic Society Medal in 1903 for The Awakening. In 1904 she had her first solo show at the Royal Photographic Society. The following year, she was awarded a $100 prize at the Second American Salon. Not only was her work highly regarded in England, but also internationally. Many of her photographic exhibitions were held in France, America, England, and Berlin. In Berlin, she held a solo exhibition organized by the Photo Club. In 1906 she exhibited 58 prints at the Birmingham Photographic Society’s Exhibition. From there, she presented work at the Third American Salon, the Salon of the Photo Club of Paris, and the Universal Exhibition of Photography in Berlin. By 1908, her work was published in The Sketch, The Sphere, Country Life, and Illustrated London News. When at the height of her career, Barton was possibly the most published female photographer of her time. In 1911 one critic, Charles E. Dawson, wrote in the Penrose Pictorial Annual and ranked her work alongside "the best works of Kasbier, Duhroop, Baron de Mayer, Steichen, Demachy, Puyo, and the other photographic giants..." Peter James of the Birmingham Central Library put on one exhibition featuring Emma Barton’s work. The exhibition featured and honored the work of women born and raised in Birmingham, U.K. Over the years, Emma Barton received several awards for her work.
In the new century her photography was influenced by Old Master paintings, the Arts and Crafts movement and the Pre-Raphaelites, and she was also an early user of the Autochrome Lumière process for color photography.
After 1918 she ceased to exhibit and photographed only her family. She retired to the Isle of Wight in 1932.
Emma Barton's work was later published in the book, Sunlight and Shadow: The Photographs of Emma Barton 1872-1938.
Two of her photographs are included in the National Portrait Gallery, London.
# Egypt–Uruguay relations

Egypt has an embassy in Montevideo. Uruguay has an embassy in Cairo and a consulate in Alexandria.
Both countries are members of the Group of 77.

## Trade

In trading relationships, Egypt is an important trading partner for Uruguay, with over US$26m in soybean sales; Egypt is also an important buyer of Uruguayan lambs. Since 2004, there is a Framework Agreement between Egypt and the Mercosur countries.

## Culture

Montevideo has a small Ancient Egyptian Museum, held by the Uruguayan Society of Egyptology (established 1980); a notable Uruguayan Egyptologist is Juan José Castillos.
There is an Egyptian Center for Islamic Culture in Montevideo.
# Madrasah as-Sawlatiyah

Madrasah as-Sawlatiyah (Arabic: مدرسة الصولتية, Madrasah aṣ-Ṣawlatīyah; or abbreviation: "al-Sawlatiyya") is an Islamic school in Mecca, Saudi Arabia. It is the oldest continuing school in Saudi Arabia.

## History

Al-Sawlatiyya was founded in 1873 by Rahmatullah Kairanawi. Kairanawi had been appointed as a lecturer at the Masjid al-Haram by the Sheikh al-Ulama (Leading Scholar) Ahmad Zayni Dahlan. He started teaching and felt that lessons were delivered as sermons rather than planned academic lectures. He gathered with Indian Muslim immigrants and wealthy benefactors to establish an authentic Islamic Law School to teach the Islamic sciences through what he saw as a more sound curriculum.
The madrassah was established in 1290 hijrah (1874 CE) The major contributor was a woman of Calcutta by the name of Sawlat al-Nisa, on whose name the madrassah is named.

## Present day and legacy

The Madrassah is still in existence and has well-known alumni around the world.
According to historian Rosie Bsheer, the school represents a critical and under-explored history of anti-colonial intellectualism and politicization in Mecca that reached across continents and the Indian Ocean to other geographic locales. "Graduates of Sawlatiyya and other schools founded by Asian and African intellectuals in the city [Mecca] contributed to the intellectual, cultural, social and political life in the Arabian Peninsula and other parts of the world."
The Book Izhar ul-Haqq, written by the school's founder Ramatullah Kairanawi, was the main reason behind Ahmed Deedat's active interest in debates on Christianity.
Of the well known sources the Madrasah was founded by the Eminent Sheikh Haji Imdadullah Muhajir Makki Rahmatullahi Alayh and the donation was given by the said honorable lady who was a student of the Great Sheikh.
# Dumitru Hărădău

Dumitru Hărădău (born 2 December 1951) is a Romanian former tennis player.

## Career

Hărădău was a member of the Romanian Davis Cup team between 1972 and 1984 and played the Davis Cup finals in 1977 and 1980, and the Davis Cup semi-finals in 1978 and 1979. He won the Romanian National Tennis Championship (1973-77) and the Balkan Tennis Championship 5 times each. He was ranked twice No. 3 at the European Tennis Championships.
He couched several tennis players, such as Horst Skoff (highest ranked 18 ATP) and Raluca Sandu (highest ranked 90 WTA).
Hărădău was ATP tournament director at Open Romania 1996-2006. He was the General Manager of the Romanian Tennis Federation 2005-08.
# Arkhashan

Arkhashan (Persian: ارخشان, also Romanized as Ārkhashān and Ārkhāshān) is a village in Avajiq-e Jonubi Rural District, Dashtaki District, Chaldoran County, West Azerbaijan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 150, in 31 families.
# Hajdoše

Hajdoše (pronounced, in older sources Hudoše, German: Siebendorf) is a settlement on the right bank of the Drava River in the Municipality of Hajdina in northeastern Slovenia. It lies along the regional road from Maribor to Ptuj. The area is part of the traditional region of Styria. It is now included with the rest of the municipality in the Drava Statistical Region.

## History

The village was first mentioned in written sources in 1320. It has a chapel-shrine with a small belfry that dates to the early 20th century.

## Social and cultural life

The village has several different associations. The best known is the Hajdoše Volunteer Fire Department (PGD Hajdoše). After successes in various firefighting competitions at home and abroad and victories at the Olympic Games in France and in Finland, Hajdoše won the title of the Best Firefighter City in the world. In addition to the Volunteer Fire Department, there are many other active associations in the village: the Hajdoše Sports Association, the FC Hajdoše football club, the Hajdoše Women's Society, and the Valentin Žumer Cultural Association.
A go-cart track was built nest to the Drava River in 1973. It has hosted many national and international go-cart and motorcycle races.
# Meshkenar

Meshkenar (Persian: مشكنار, also Romanized as Meshkenār; also known as Mashganār) is a village in Qaleh Shahin Rural District, in the Central District of Sarpol-e Zahab County, Kermanshah Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 393, in 89 families.
# Copper Mountain (British Columbia)

    This page is about the mountain in the Boundary Country near Greenwood, British Columbia. For the ghost town and former mine near Princeton see Copper Mountain, British Columbia
Copper Mountain is a mountain in British Columbia, north of Greenwood and north-west of Grand Forks.
# Nardevitz Erratic

The Nardevitz Erratic (German: Findling Nardevitz), also called the Great Rock of Nardewitz (Großer Stein von Nardevitz), is one of the largest glacial erratics in North Germany. It lies about 400 metres north of Nardevitz, a village in the parish of Lohme on the island of Rügen. Surrounded by trees and bushes as well as other drift material that was in the way of farming, it lies in the middle of a field. Its volume is estimated at 104 m³, which gives it a mass of 281 tonnes. The above-ground portion has a volume of 71 m³. It is therefore, apart from Buskam which lies in the Baltic Sea off Göhren, the largest erratic on Rügen and an important geological sight.
Because the Nardevitz Erratic was used for a long time to obtain construction material, it is suspected today that it was once three times its present size. For example, in 1854 and 1855, column drums weighing about five tonne and pedestal blocks, up to 2 tonnes in weight, for the Prussian Columns near Neukamp and Groß Stresow were hewn from the rock. On the rock itself there are clear traces that show there were plans for further destruction of the erratic.
Today the Nardevitz Rock, like around 20 other erratics on the island of Rügen, is one of its legally-protected geotopes. It is recorded in the relevant register at the Mecklenburg-Vorpommern State Office for the Environment, Conservation and Geology (Landesamt für Umwelt, Naturschutz und Geologie Mecklenburg-Vorpommern) as entry "G2 75".
* The Nardevitz Erratic is surrounded by farmland
* It acted for a long time as a "quarry"
* Its surface shows old traces of further attempts at breaking it up

## Origin and geological features

The Nardevitz Erratic is made of granite, whose coarse-grained structure corresponds to the hammer granite bedrock found on the island of Bornholm. Its potassium feldspar spars are brownish-grey to pale red and up to 1.5 centimetres across. The up to five millimetre wide quartz crystals have a brownish tinge.
# Leonid Hakobyan

Leonid Hakobyan (in Armenian: Լեոնիդ Հակոբյան; June 5, 1936, Leninakan, Soviet Union – February 6, 2002, Yerevan, Armenia) was a Soviet and Armenian economist and politician. PhD in Economics (1984), professor (1990), Corresponding Member of the Armenian National Academy of Sciences (2000).

## Biography

In 1957, he graduated from the Moscow Institute of Finance; later on, he completed courses in Moscow Correspondence Institute of Law (1958) and Mechanical Engineering Institute (1964). In 1958, he became a CPSU member. From 1976 to 1979 - Deputy and First Deputy Minister of Trade of Armenian SSR. In 1981, he graduated from the Academy of Economics under the USSR Council of Ministers. From 1981 to 1990 he served as a deputy of the Supreme Council of the Armenian SSR, being a Deputy Chairman of the Committee on Finance, Budget, Loans and Economics; later on - a deputy of the Supreme Council of independent Armenia, a member of the Standing Committee on Financial-Credit, Budgetary and Economic Affairs. Through 1992-1996 he had been Chairman of the Committee on Economy and Finance of the Inter-Parliamentary Assembly of the CIS states. In 1999, he became Second Secretary of the Armenian Communist Party. He dealt with the issues of the mechanization of labor and the functional structure of the workforce in industry and its improvement, and the implementation of high technologies.
In 2000, he served as Minister of territorial administration and infrastructure օf Armenia.
In 2000, he became Corresponding Member of the Armenian National Academy of Sciences.
Also in 2000, he became Member of Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe.
# Samangan, Kermanshah

Samangan (Persian: سمنگان, also romanized as Samangān) is a village in Hasanabad Rural District, in the Central District of Ravansar County, Kermanshah Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 141, in 29 families.