OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Second Conference on the Epistemology of the Exact Sciences

The Second Conference on the Epistemology of the Exact Sciences (German: 2. Tagung für Erkenntnislehre der exakten Wissenschaften in Königsberg) was held on 5–7 September 1930 in Königsberg, then located in East Prussia. It was at this conference that Kurt Gödel first presented his incompleteness theorems, though just "in an off-hand remark during a general discussion on the last day". The real first presentation took place in Vienna.
The conference was organised by Kurt Reidemeister of the University of Königsberg. The presentations were grouped around two themes: firstly, the foundation of mathematics and secondly philosophical questions arising from Quantum mechanics. The conference was closely related to the journal Erkenntnis who published the associated papers and accounts of the discussion in Erkenntnis (1931), 2 pp 87-190.

## The foundation of mathematics

The presentations as regards the foundation of mathematics were as follows:
Session 1:
* Rudolf Carnap (Vienna), presented the thought of the logicist school as developed by Bertrand Russell
* Arend Heyting (Enschede), presented the thought of the intuitionist school as developed by L. E. J. Brouwer
* John von Neumann (Berlin), presented the thought of the formalist school as developed by David Hilbert
* Friedrich Waismann (Vienna), presented the thought of the linguistic school as developed by Ludwig Wittgenstein
* Kurt Gödel (Vienna), "On the Completeness of the Logical Calculus"
* Arnold Scholz (Freiburg), "On the Use of the Term Holism in Axiomatics"
Session 2:
* Otto Neugebauer (Göttingen), "On Pre-Greek Mathematics"
Session 3:
Discussion on the foundation of mathematics involving Hans Hahn, Carnap, Heyting, von Neumann, Gödel, Scholz and Reidemeister

## Philosophical questions arising from quantum mechanics

There were two key presentations.
Session 4:
* Hans Reichenbach (Berlin), presented on the supersession of two-value logic by probability logic
* Werner Heisenberg (Leipzig), presented on the meaninglessness of strict assertions about natural phenomena at the micro level.
Session 5: Discussion on Causality and Quantum Mechanics involving Gerhard Herzberg, Heisenberg, Phillip Frank, Maria Goeppert Mayer, Georg Steinhausen [de], Georg Hamel, von Neumann, Kurt Grelling, Reichenbach.
# John Pringle Nichol

John Pringle Nichol FRSE FRAS (13 January 1804 – 19 September 1859) was a Scottish educator, phrenologist, astronomer and economist who did much to popularise astronomy in a manner that appealed to nineteenth century tastes.

## Early life

Born at Huntly Hill, near Brechin, Angus, Nichol was the son of a gentleman farmer and was educated at the local grammar school and then studied mathematics and natural philosophy (physics) at King's College, University of Aberdeen. He then changed to study divinity. He was licensed as a preacher and became a highly effective communicator, but the impact of phrenological thinking led him to abandon the Church for education.
Nichol held a number of posts in education and journalism and corresponded with many leading thinkers of the times, including John Stuart Mill. He clearly made some impression in economics as James Mill and Nassau Senior nominated him as Jean-Baptiste Say's successor as professor of political economy at the Collège de France though he was at the time too ill to take the post.

## Astronomy

In 1836 and in competition with Thomas Carlyle, Nichol was appointed Regius Professor of Astronomy at the University of Glasgow. He became an enthusiastic and effective lecturer and made a profound impression on William Thomson, 1st Baron Kelvin with his introduction of the "Continental" approach to mathematical physics of Jean Baptiste Joseph Fourier. He lived at the Glasgow Observatory.
Nichol turned to popular lecturing and authored a number of popular and successful books about astronomy, especially championing the nebular hypothesis. In 1841 George Eliot wrote:
   I have been revelling in Nichol's Architecture of the Heavens and Phenomena of the Solar System, and have been in imagination winging my flight from system to system, and from universe to universe ...
William John Macquorn Rankine declared Nichol's Dictionary of the Physical Sciences to be:
   ... almost unparalleled for the extent and accuracy of the information that it contains in a small bulk."

## Private life

In 1831 Nichol married Jane Tullis of Cupar in Fife (1813-1851).
Their eldest son, John Nichol became a literary critic and writer. Jane died in 1850. Nichol married secondly Elizabeth Pease in 1853, a prominent reformer and member of the Darlington Pease family, much against her family's wishes. His daughter, Agnes Jane Nichol, married the mathematician William Jack FRSE (1834–1924).
Nichol was a member of the Edinburgh Phrenological Society.
During the late 1840s, his health declined and, stemming from his physician's prescription, Nichol became addicted to opiates. He recorded an account of his drug-addiction illness and its cure by hydrotherapy at the Ben Rhydding Hydro in his book Memorials from Ben Rhydding (1852).
He died at Glenburn House in Rothesay but is buried in Grange Cemetery in south Edinburgh.
# Pepe cuenca

José Fernando Cuenca Jiménez, better known as Pepe Cuenca (Granada, March-17 1987), is an spanish chess player.
At the age of 19 he got his International Master title from FIDE at the ‘’Motril International Open‘’ in December 2006 and in 2015 he got his International Grandmaster title. In March 2022 he had his highest Elo rating system: 2558 points.
However, his great popularity is based on his work as a commentator on the chess24.com platform, which together with his partner David Martínez (Divis) has revolutionised chess broadcasting in Spanish.

## Biography

He began to excel in the age-group championships being Spanish junior chess champion on several occasions: first time in 2003 under-16 champion in the Spanish town Mondariz, and then in 2005 under-18 champion also in Mondariz.
He participated in four World Age Group Championships, finishing in all four between 30th and 40th position (U-12 Oropesa 1999, U-14 Oropesa 2001, U-16 Halkidiki 2003 and U-18 Belfort 2005).
He has been absolute champion of Andalusia in 2005, and in the age group championships he has been champion of Andalusia in the U-12 categories in 1999, in U-14 in 2000 and 2001, in U-16 in 2002 and 2003, in U-18 in 2000 and 2005. He also won the U-16 Andalusia Cup in 2000.
Champion of Spain of Autonomic Selections in 2001, representing the Andalusian Chess Federation. Runner-up in the Andalusian Team Chess Division of Honour in 2005 with the Caja Granada Chess Club team. As a member of the Andalusian Chess Federation he met the GM Carlos Matamoros and the FM Luis Fernández Siles, both also well known as chess commentators.
At the age of 19 he obtained his IM title (FIDE International Master) and in 2015 his GM (International Grandmaster) title, when he obtained his last norm in the German Bundesliga. In March 2022 he reached his highest Elo level (2558 points).
In 2018 he was sub-champion of Spain absolute in Linares (Jaén) and in 2019 eighth of Spain absolute, both championship finals being tragic for the player from Granada as he was leading before the last round.
Finally, he won in 2024 the Spanish Club Chess Championship - Honor Division with a remarkable performance in the last rounds.
# Ashmesian

Ashmesian (Persian: اشمسيان, also Romanized as Āshmesīān and Ashmasiyan; also known as Ash Masteyān, Āsh Mestīān, Āshmīsīān, Asmesīān, and Asmesiyān) is a village in Chahar Cheshmeh Rural District, Kamareh District, Khomeyn County, Markazi Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 167, in 45 families.
# Francis Peninsula

Francis Peninsula, also known as Beaver Island, is a tidal island located on the west coast of the Sechelt Peninsula in British Columbia, Canada.

## Etymology

The designation Francis Peninsula was officially adopted by BC Geographical Names in 1930. The name was changed to Beaver Island on 28 July 1945 as identified on British Admiralty Charts. BC Geographical Names reverted the name back to Francis Peninsula on 4 April 1972 in order to conform with its entrenched local usage.

## Geography

Francis Peninsula forms the southern part of Pender Harbour. During high and neap tide, the peninsula is divided from the mainland by Bargain Narrows (an arm of Pender Harbour) and Bargain Bay. During low tide, the island rejoins the mainland to become a peninsula. A two-lane road connects the island to the mainland via a short bridge.
The island features two protected areas: Francis Point Provincial Park and Francis Point Ecological Reserve.
# Independent Radical Socialist Republican Party

The Independent Radical Socialist Republican Party (PRRSI; Spanish: Partido Republicano Radical Socialista Independiente) was a minor Spanish radical political party, created in 1929 after the split of the left-wing of the Radical Socialist Republican Party. Its main leaders were Marcelino Domingo, Álvaro de Albornoz and Ángel Galarza.

## History

In 1933, the Radical Socialist Republican Party (PRRS), established in 1929 by a left-wing split from the Radical Republican Party (PRR) of Alejandro Lerroux, was suffering from internal divisions. The most leftist factions, led by Marcelino Domingo and Álvaro de Albornoz, were in favour of maintaining an alliance with the Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE), whereas the most conservative groups, led by Félix Gordón Ordás, preferred to re-establish an alliance with Lerroux's PRR.
On 24 September 1933, while the PRRS was undergoing its 3rd national congress, the leftists left the party and established the PRRSI: the split attracted three of the PRRS's founders (Domingo, Alboronz and Galarza), alongside 26 deputies and several importand members, such as Francisco Barnés Salinas and Victoria Kent. An important PRRSI group was established in Alicante, under the leadership of José Alonso Mallol.
The PRRSI only received 0,6% of the votes in the 1933 Spanish general election, only electing three deputies. In the Congress of Deputies, the party established a joint group with the Republican Action and the Autonomous Galician Republican Organisation. On 3 April 1934, the three parties merged into the Republican Left.
# Taghiyev

Taghiyev or also Tagiyev (Azerbaijani: Tağıyev, Russian: Тагиев, German: Tagiew) is a surname common among Azeris. Its feminine form is Taghiyeva or also Tagiyeva. It is a slavicised version of Taqi with addition of the suffix -yev.
People with the surname:
* Alakbar Taghiyev, an Azerbaijani composer and author of popular Azerbaijani songs.
* Anaxanım Etibar qızı Tağıyeva, an Azerbaijani singer
* Javid Taghiyev, several people
* Mahmud Taghiyev, an Azerbaijani painter
* Rafig Taghiyev, an Azerbaijani short story writer
* Sadiq Tagiyev, a Ukrainian Deputy Chairman
* Taghi Taghiyev, an Azerbaijani painter
* Zeynalabdin Taghiyev, an Azerbaijani national industrial magnate and philanthropist
# Carnival of Limoux

The Carnival of Limoux (French: Carnaval de Limoux) is an annual festival held in Limoux, Languedoc-Roussillon, France. It takes place for three months on the weekends between January and Mardi Gras and is conducted in Occitan, the area's traditional language.
The festival is famous for its alternation of bands and pierrots.

## History

According to a tradition that dates to the 14th century, millers were released at Mardi Gras from their dues to the Dominican priory at Prouille and celebrated by walking through the streets scattering sugared almonds and flour, accompanied by minstrels. The carnival has been celebrated in Limoux since 1604.
The wine festival Toques & Clochers has been held in Limoux every spring since 2011. The café scene is dominant in Limoux where food and drink are the dominant cultural pastime.

## Gallery

* Characteristic scene
* Characteristic scene
# Fedotova

Fedotova (Russian: Федотова) is a rural locality (a village) in Yorgvinskoye Rural Settlement, Kudymkarsky District, Perm Krai, Russia. The population was 8 as of 2010.

## Geography

Fedotova is located 20 km north of Kudymkar (the district's administrative centre) by road. Shipitsyna is the nearest rural locality.
# Sweet Adeline (musical)

Sweet Adeline is a musical with music by Jerome Kern, book and lyrics by Oscar Hammerstein II and original orchestration by Robert Russell Bennett. It premiered on Broadway in 1929. The story, set in the Gay Nineties, concerns a Hoboken, New Jersey girl who, unlucky in love, becomes a Broadway star.

## Production history

The musical opened at Hammerstein's Theatre on September 3, 1929 and closed March 22, 1930, after 234 performances. Produced by Arthur Hammerstein the show was directed by Reginald Hammerstein (the brother of Oscar Hammerstein II) and was choreographed by Danny Dare. The cast on opening night included Charles Butterworth and Helen Morgan.
The Goodspeed Opera House, East Haddam, Connecticut, produced the musical in May 1977, starring Cynthia Wells.
In 1985 a concert presentation was given at The Town Hall, New York as part of a Jerome Kern centennial celebration, which featured Judy Kaye and Paula Laurence.
Sweet Adeline was produced in 1997 as part of City Center's Encores! Great American Musicals in Concert. The concert was directed by Eric D. Schaeffer, the choreographer was John DeLuca, adaption by Norman Allen with the scenic consultant John Lee Beatty, apparel coordinator Gregg Barnes, lighting by Howell Binkley and sound by Bruce Cameron. The cast starred Dorothy Loudon, Tony Randall, Patti Cohenour, Stephen Bogardus, Gary Beach, Myra Carter, Patrick Breen, Kristi Lynes, Hugh Panaro, and Jacquelyn Piro.

## Songs

Setting: Hoboken, New Jersey, 1898; San Juan Hill, Cuba; Olympia Burlesque Theatre, the Bowery; Various Broadway theatres

## Film

A film based on the stage musical was released in 1935 by Warner Brothers, directed by Mervyn LeRoy, and starred Irene Dunne as Adeline, Louis Calhern, Noah Berry and Hugh Herbert.

## Reception

Opening just before the stock market crash, it received rave reviews, but the elaborate, old-fashioned piece was a step back from the innovations in Kern and Hammerstein's Show Boat (1927), or even Kern's Princess Theatre shows.
# Midland Regional Hospital, Tullamore

The Midland Regional Hospital, Tullamore (Irish: Ospidéal Réigiúnach Lár Tíre, An Tulach Mhór) is a public hospital located in Tullamore, County Offaly, Ireland. It is managed by Dublin Midlands Hospital Group.

## History

The foundation stone for the hospital, which was designed by Scott & Gould, was laid by Seán T. O'Kelly, Minister of Local Government and Public Health, on 31 March 1937. It was officially opened as Tullamore General Hospital in December 1942.

## Services

The hospital provides 254 beds, of which 207 are in-patient acute beds, while 47 are reserved for acute day cases.
# Abax (Abax)

Abax (Abax) is a subgenus of ground beetles.
# Toni Lang

Toni Lang (born April 22, 1982 in Hutthurm) is a German former biathlete. In 2008, he ran his first single World Cup Race. After Biathlon World Cup 2010/2011 he retired from active biathlon sports and started studying dentistry. He is the husband of biathlete Kathrin Hitzer.

## Career highlights
### World Cup

    2009, Oberhof, Germany, 2nd at team relay (with Rösch / Greis / Peiffer)
    2009, Ruhpolding, 2nd at team relay (with Rösch / Stephan / Peiffer)
# Molodohvardiisk urban hromada

Molodohvardiisk urban hromada (Ukrainian: Молодогвардійська міська громада) is a hromada of Ukraine, located in Luhansk Raion, Luhansk Oblast. Its administrative center is the city Molodohvardiisk.
The hromada contains 29 settlements: 1 city (Molodohvardiisk), 12 rural settlements:
* Velykyy Loh
* Buran
* Hirne
* Talove
* Myrne
* Novooleksandrivka
* Novosvitlivka
* Simeykyne
* Shyroke
* Khriashchuvate
* Novosimeykine
* Verkhnia Krasnianka
and 16 villages:
* Dubivka
* Lyse
* Katerynivka
* Krasnyi Yar
* Horikhova Balka
* Hlyboke [uk]
* Krasne
* Andriivka
* Novohannivka
* Prydorozhne
* Samsonivka
* Valiyivka
* Vydno-Sofiyivka
* Vyshnevyi Dil
* Komisarivka
* Ternove
# The One I'm Running To

"The One I'm Running To" is a song by Christian rock band 7eventh Time Down from their second album, Just Say Jesus. It was released in 2014 as the album's final single.

## Charts

| Chart (2014) | Peak position |
| US Christian | 21 |
# Sami El Choum

Sami Ali El Choum (Arabic: سامي علي الشوم; born 22 June 1982) is a Lebanese football coach and former player who is assistant coach of Lebanese Premier League club Ansar.
A defensive midfielder for Lebanese Premier League side Ansar, El Choum remained at the Beirut-based club for over 10 years, winning multiple titles. He played for Homenetmen in the Lebanese Second Division for one year. El Choum represented the Lebanon national team in 2003.
Between 2017 and 2018 El Choum coached Ansar, winning the 2016–17 Lebanese FA Cup, before becoming coach of Third Division side Sporting in 2018, leading them to back-to-back promotions to the Premier League. He returned to Ansar in 2023 as assistant coach.

## Club career

El Choum signed for Ansar's youth side on 31 October 1997. He debuted in the Lebanese Premier League during the 2002–03 season. During his time at Ansar, El Choum won two league titles (2005–06, 2006–07), for Lebanese FA Cups (2005–06, 2006–07, 2009–10, 2011–12), and one Lebanese Super Cup (2012). In 2015 El Choum played for Lebanese Second Division side Homenetmen.

## International career

On 23 August 2003 El Choum made his senior international debut for Lebanon, in a friendly against Syria; Lebanon won 1–0. He played a total of four games for his country, all in 2003.

## Managerial career
### Ansar

Initially a coach for Ansar's youth sides since 2013, El Choum became the assistant coach of Zoran Pešić, Ansar's first team coach. El Choum became Ansar's coach on 5 February 2017, helping them lift the 2016–17 Lebanese FA Cup. In 2017 El Choum became Ansar's assistant coach, before being re-called as temporary head coach on 27 November 2017, during the 2017–18 season. On 16 January 2018 El Choum resigned from his coaching position.

### Sporting

El Choum was appointed head coach of Sporting in the Lebanese Third Division, ahead of the 2018–19 season. He helped them win the league, and returned to the Lebanese Second Division after five years. The following season, in 2020–21, he led the team to win the Second Division, and qualify to the Lebanese Premier League for the first time in their history.

### Return to Ansar

In August 2023, El Choum returned to Ansar as assistant coach.

## Personal life

El Chom has two younger brothers, Ahmad and Kassem, who have also played football.

## Honours
### Player

Ansar
* Lebanese Premier League: 2005–06, 2006–07
* Lebanese FA Cup: 2005–06, 2006–07, 2009–10, 2011–12
* Lebanese Super Cup: 2012

### Manager

Ansar
* Lebanese FA Cup: 2016–17
Sporting
* Lebanese Second Division: 2020–21
* Lebanese Third Division: 2018–19
# Qaleh Abdol Robababad

Qaleh Abdol Robababad (Persian: قلعه عبدالرباب اباد, also Romanized as Qal‘eh ʿAbdol Robābābād) is a village in Zeynabad Rural District, Shal District, Buin Zahra County, Qazvin Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 58, in 17 families.
# May Nasr

May Nasr (Arabic: مي نصر; born 1965) is a Lebanese singer, musician and microfinancing consultant. She was born in the Kingdom of Bahrain in 1965 and she got a Bachelor of Arts from the University of Beirut in 1987.

## Biography

She appeared for the first time as a singer with the Lebanese composer Zaki Nassif and artist Farid Abu Alkher, and trained with them between 1997 and 2002. Then she worked with Badia Haddad between 2004 and 2009.
May Nasr sings classic songs from the Lebanese and Syrian heritage, especially songs of Lebanese singer Fairuz.
Nasr has participated in many Arabic concerts and festivals in Lebanon, Syria and Bahrain. She has also performed in concerts in the United States and Germany. She released her first album Expensive in Beirut and Damascus. Her second album was a collaborative effort with Puerto Rican musician Lourdes Pérez. She previously performed with Perez in the song "Te Llamo/Unadeekum" on Perez's 2005 album Este Filo. They also performed together in 2009 as part of Nasr's "Written in Water" tour, and in 2011 they reunited for a benefit concert for The Al Quds Association for Democracy and Dialogue.
Nasr is also a microfinancing consultant. She concentrates on funding for women in the Middle East.

## Discography
### Albums

* Lil Ghaly (2008)
* Written in Water, Lourdes Pérez and May Nasr (Spanish and Arabic) with special guest Ahmad Kaabour (Chee Wee Records, 2016)
# Liudmyla Horova

Liudmyla Volodymyrivna Horova (Ukrainian: Людмила Володимирівна Горова, born 15 September 1975, Vorobiivka, Khmelnytskyi Oblast) is a Ukrainian poet and writer. She is the author of the poems "Vrazhe", "Divchata divchatam" and "Krymskyi mist".

## Biography

She graduated from Vinnytsia National Medical University. N. I. Pirogov and completed an internship in pediatrics. She has worked in wholesale trade, as a medical representative and business trainer for pharmaceutical companies.
She is married to Ruslan Horovyi.

## Creative work

Author of four collections of poetry: "Virsheniata-Kosheniata" (2019), "Virshynky" (2021), "Konotopska abetka" (2021, all three for children), "Siiu tobi v ochi" (2022; translated into Japanese and French).
She was published in the children's magazine "Piznaiko". She was engaged in poetic translation and adaptation of English-language children's songs for the Pershosvit channel.

### Poem "The Enemy"

On 22 April 2022, Liudmyla Horova posted her poem "Vrazhe" on her Facebook page, which gained great popularity in a matter of hours. Subsequently, the Rivne alt-pop band Endzhi Kreida published a song of the same name based on the poem on YouTube. As of 20 February 2023, the video has received more than 12 million views and has become a trending video hosting service.
On 29 May 2022, the piece was performed at Oleksandr Viter's play "Smak sontsia".
It has been translated into Polish, English, German, Belarusian, Georgian, Japanese, and French.