OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Mountain Band of the Bundeswehr

The Mountain Band of the Bundeswehr (German: Gebirgsmusikkorps der Bundeswehr, GebMusKorpsB) is a military band in the German Bundeswehr. It is based in Garmisch-Partenkirchen, a mountain resort in Bavaria, southern Germany. It was originally established as the band of the 1st Mountain Division and is now associated with Military District IV. It was established as the band of the 1st Mountain Division in 1956 in Sonthofen. After being temporarily stationed in Munich and Mittenwald, it finally was permanently based in Garmisch-Partenkirchen in 1963.

## Concert Band

The core of the band is the large symphonic concert band. It takes place part in approximately 160 missions per year, most of which primarily take place in the Bavarian region. It has also taken part in international military music festivals in Canada, the United States, Finland, Switzerland and the United Kingdom with other international missions in seeing it go to Kabul (Afghanistan and Termez (Uzbekistan). One of the most famous appearances of the band includes the participation in the 1972 Summer Olympics and the participation in military tattoos in Halifax in 1989 and 1998. In 2004, it visited Budapest as a German congratulatory event in honor of Hungary's entry into the European Union. In 2011, it took part in the Virginia International Tattoo and the Royal Edinburgh Military Tattoo. Folklore tunes can be heard from the Oberkrainer and brass section. The "Alphorngruppe", the "Hüttn-Musi" and the "Stubn Musi" provide typical Alpine music from within the band.

## Directors

Nine conductors have served as heads of the band:
* Hauptmann Adalbert Muhs (5 April-1 November 1956)
* Lieutenant Colonel Werner Zimmermann (1 November 1956 – 1 April 1978)
* Lieutenant Colonel Heinz Dieter Paul (1 April 1978 – 1 April 1987)
* Captain Christoph Lieder (1 April 1987 – 1 December 1992)
* Lieutenant Colonel Michael Euler (1 December 1992 – 1 October 2001)
* Lieutenant Colonel Christoph Scheibling (1 October 2001 – 1 April 2007)
* Lieutenant Colonel Martin Kötter (1 April 2007 – 26 March 2010)
* Lieutenant Colonel Christian Prchal (26 March 2010 – 20 May 2014)
* Lieutenant Colonel Karl Kriner (20 May 2014 - August 2022)
* Major Rudolf Piehlmayer (August 2022 as Reservist- Present)
# Saint-Antoine-Cumond

Saint-Antoine-Cumond (French pronunciation:; Occitan: Sent Antòni e Cucmont) is a former commune in the Dordogne department in Nouvelle-Aquitaine in southwestern France. On 1 January 2017, it was merged into the new commune Saint Privat en Périgord.
# Deborah J. Lucas

Deborah J. Lucas is an American economist who works in the MIT Sloan School of Management as Sloan Distinguished Professor of Finance and director of the Golub Center for Finance and Policy; she is also a research affiliate of the National Bureau of Economic Research and Asian Bureau of Finance and Economic Research. Her research interests include the evaluation of governmental financial activity; she has also published work on portfolio optimization, asset pricing, and information privilege.

## Education and career

Lucas studied economics at the University of Chicago, receiving a bachelor's degree in 1980, a master's degree in 1983, and a Ph.D. in 1986.
She became an assistant professor at the Kellogg School of Management of Northwestern University from 1985 to 1992, John L. and Helen Kellogg Distinguished Associate Professor from 1992 to 1996, and Donald C. Clark HSBC Professor of Consumer Finance from 1996 to 2009. She chaired the Department of Finance from 1996 to 1998. During this period she was also a visiting assistant professor at the MIT Sloan School of Management in 1990–1991, a senior staff economist at the Council of Economic Advisers in 1992–1993, and chief economist of the Congressional Budget Office in 2000–2001. She became a faculty research fellow of the National Bureau of Economic Research in 1992, and a research associate in 1998.
In 2009 she moved to her present position at the MIT Sloan School of Management, where she received the Sloan Distinguished Professorship of Finance in 2011 and became director of the MIT Golub Center for Finance and Policy in 2012. She also continued to work with the Congressional Budget Office, on leave from MIT, as associate director in 2009–2010 and as assistant director for financial analysis in 2010–2011.

## Recognition

Lucas was elected to the National Academy of Social Insurance in 2003, and elected as a Fellow of the National Academy of Public Administration in 2018. She became a Fellow of the Econometric Society in 2024.
# Vareilles, Creuse

Vareilles (French pronunciation:; Occitan: Varelhes) is a commune in the Creuse department in the Nouvelle-Aquitaine region in central France.

## Geography

A farming area comprising the village and several hamlets situated some 23 miles (37 km) northwest of Guéret at the junction of the D10, D1 and the D71 roads.
The Benaize river flows through the commune and forms part of its western border.

## Sights

* The church of St. Pardoux, dating from the twelfth century.
* The remains of a fifteenth-century manorhouse at Montlebeau.
# Ben Gardner (basketball)

Benford Milo "Ben" Gardner (October 18, 1919 – May 13, 1985) was an American professional basketball player. He played for the Fort Wayne Zollner Pistons and Anderson Duffey Packers in the National Basketball League during the 1946–47 season and averaged 0.4 points per game.
# Bobby Holm

Robert Charles Holm (January 22, 1919 – April 14, 2002) was an American professional basketball player. He played in the National Basketball League for the Sheboygan Red Skins and Hammond Calumet Buccaneers and averaged 5.2 points per game. He also played in the American Basketball League, the New York State Professional Basketball League, and the Professional Basketball League of America.
Bobby Holm is the cousin of Olympic gold medalist swimmer Eleanor Holm.
# Alexey Venetsianov

Alexey Gavrilovich Venetsianov (Russian: Алексей Гаврилович Венецианов; 18 February [O.S. 7 February] 1780 – 16 December [O.S. 4 December] 1847) was a Russian painter, renowned for his paintings devoted to peasant life and ordinary people.

## Life

Alexey Venetsianov was born into a merchant family in Moscow. He entered the civil service in the early 19th century and moved to St. Petersburg, where he began to study art. He first practiced with pictures of the Hermitage and with portraits of friends. He later became acquainted with Vladimir Borovikovsky and lived in his house as an apprentice. He tried to work as a freelance portraitist, but received few commissions. In 1811 the Board of the Academy of Arts awarded him the title of Academician for his two works - Self-Portrait and Portrait of K. I. Golovachevsky and the Younger Pupils of the Academy.
In 1819, devoting himself purely to art, Venetsianov left the service, bought the village of Safonkovo, and settled there. During this time he painted scenes from nature that he observed around him. These works were of prime importance in his career. He painted portraits of peasants, and scenes illustrating rural life. He was the first to depict peasant life in Russian art. His works achieved great success at the exhibition of 1824, where he received critical praise.
Venetsianov wished to become a professor in the Academy of Arts, but the academicians did not grant him their approval, mainly because he lacked academic training. During the years prior to 1820 he began to attract young people from poor backgrounds, and even serfs such as Grigory Soroka, to teach them painting. By the middle of the 1820s he had a group of followers, and established his own school of painting. Tsar Nicholas I, who liked to promote ‘national trends’, expressed his approval for the artist and appointed him a court painter. This title gave him the financial support necessary for running the school, where tuition was practically free.
Venetsianov died in an accident in 1847 when his horses bolted and his carriage fell down a steep slope.

## Selected works

* Portrait of a peasant girl (1st half of 19th century)
* The Reapers
* On a threshing floor (1821—1823)
* A Peasant Girl with Cornflowers (1820s)
* In the Ploughed Field: Spring (1820s)
* Summer, Reaping (1820s)
* Zakharka (1825)
* Girl in a checkered shawl
* Girl in a shawl
* Girl with a calf
* Fortune-telling (1842)
* Farmer's child with milk
* Nurse with baby
# Tom Meyer (basketball)

Henry Thomas Meyer (November 6, 1922 – March 12, 2019) was an American professional basketball player. He played in the National Basketball League for the Detroit Gems during the 1946–47 season and averaged 7.8 points per game.
# Mike McCarron

Michael Thomas McCarron (March 2, 1922 – October 2, 1991) was an American professional basketball player. Among other leagues and franchises, McCarron played for the Toronto Huskies, Baltimore Bullets, and St. Louis Bombers in the Basketball Association of America (BAA) and National Basketball Association (NBA) in the late 1940s.

## BAA/NBA career statistics
### Regular season

| Year | Team | GP | FG% | FT% | APG | PPG |
| 1946–47 | Toronto | 60 | .282 | .615 | 1.0 | 10.8 |
| 1949–50 | Baltimore | 3 | .200 | .667 | .3 | 1.3 |
| 1949–50 | St. Louis | 5 | .200 | .500 | .4 | 1.0 |
| Career | Career | 68 | .280 | .614 | .9 | 9.7 |
# Harry Miller (basketball, born 1923)

Harry David "Moose" Miller (July 28, 1923 – April 18, 2007) was an American professional basketball player. He played one season for the Toronto Huskies of the Basketball Association of America (BAA).
Miller, a 6'4" center and forward, played collegiately at Seton Hall and attended the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill while in the U. S. Marine Corps. He then played one season in the BAA for the Toronto Huskies in the 1946–47 season and has the distinction of playing in the first game of what would become the National Basketball Association (NBA). Miller averaged 2.9 points per game in 55 appearances in his sole season in the league. He played the next season with the Atlanta Crackers of the upstart Professional Basketball League of America, averaging 4.0 points per game in four contests.
After his playing career, Miller coached at the high school (Derry Area High School), junior college (Westmoreland County Community College) and college (Saint Vincent College) levels in Western Pennsylvania. He died on April 18, 2007.
Miller's son Mark Miller is a mixed martial arts competitor.

## BAA career statistics
### Regular season

| Year | Team | GP | FG% | FT% | APG | PPG |
| 1946–47 | Toronto | 53 | .223 | .439 | .8 | 2.9 |
| Career | Career | 53 | .223 | .439 | .8 | 2.9 |
# Lesquerde

Lesquerde (French pronunciation: ; Occitan: L'Esquèrda; Catalan: L'Esquerda) is a commune in the Pyrénées-Orientales department in southern France.

## Geography

Lesquerde is located in the canton of La Vallée de l'Agly and in the arrondissement of Perpignan.
# Independent Republican and Liberal Pole

The Independent Republican and Liberal Pole (French: Pôle républicain indépendant et libéral, PRIL) was a liberal-centrist political party in France.
The PRIL was founded in 1998 by members of Liberal Democracy (DL) who refused to leave the Union for French Democracy (UDF), as proposed by Alain Madelin. They included François Léotard, Gilles de Robien, Gérard Longuet, Jean-Pierre Fourcade, Alain Lamassoure, Renaud Donnedieu de Vabres, François Sauvadet, Bernard Lehideux and Rudy Salles.
PRIL merged with Democratic Force (itself a merger of the Centre of Social Democrats and the Social Democratic Party in 1995) and the so-called "Direct Adherents" to the New UDF, structured as a single party.
Some of them (Jean-Pierre Fourcade, Alain Lamassoure, Renaud Donnedieu de Vabres) joined the Union for a Popular Movement (UMP) in 2002, while others, including Gilles de Robien, represented the most pro-UMP and pro-Sarkozy faction within UDF, being also strong opponents of François Bayrou.
# Ray Abruzzese

Raymond Lewis Abruzzese Jr. (Pronounced: "AH-broot-sez") (October 27, 1937 – August 22, 2011) was an American college and professional football player.
Abruzzese was born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. He played football during his high school years, when he gained the nickname "The Hawk" from teammates due to his skill as a defensive back spotting and intercepting passes in flight.
He played college football at the University of Alabama, and played professionally in the American Football League (AFL) for the Buffalo Bills from 1962 through 1964, when the Bills won the AFL Championship game, 20–7, over the defending AFL champion San Diego Chargers. He played for the AFL's New York Jets in 1965 and 1966.
Abruzzese died in Fort Lauderdale, Florida, aged 73. He was one of at least 345 NFL players to be diagnosed after death with chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE), caused by repeated hits to the head.
# Dalva Allen

Dalva Ray Allen (January 13, 1935 – November 28, 2016) was an American football defensive end player who played professionally in the American Football League (AFL). He played college football at the University of Houston. After being selected by the Los Angeles Rams in the 23rd round of the 1957 NFL draft, Allen played three games for the Toronto Argonauts in the Canadian Football League (CFL) during the 1957 season. He played for the Houston Oilers on their AFL championship teams in 1960 and 1961, and for the Oakland Raiders from 1962 through 1964.
# Santa Cruz Department (Peru–Bolivian Confederation)

Santa Cruz Department (Spanish: Departamento de Santa Cruz) was a department of Bolivia, a constituent country of the Peru–Bolivian Confederation, which existed from 1836 to 1839. Created alongside the confederate state, its capital was Santa Cruz de la Sierra.

## History

Santa Cruz sent deputies to the Congress of Tapacarí in June 1836, where the Bolivian government, under the command of General Andrés de Santa Cruz agreed that after the military intervention in Peru, give recognition to the creation of the Peruvian-Bolivian Confederation.
The Fundamental Law of 1837, signed in the city of Tacna, with the approval of the self-proclaimed supreme protector Andrés de Santa Cruz, recognized Santa Cruz as a founding department of the Confederation.
Santa Cruz was subject to the General Government, its governor was appointed by the president of the State, and this in turn was appointed by the supreme protector on duty. The governor was obliged to elect representatives of his department to participate in congressional meetings, which were ordered by the president of the Bolivian State.
# Luxembourg Confederation of Christian Trade Unions

The Luxembourg Confederation of Christian Trade Unions (Luxembourgish: Lëtzebuerger Chrëschtleche Gewerkschaftsbond, French: Confédération Luxembourgeoise des Syndicats Chrétiens), abbreviated to LCGB, is a Luxembourgish trade union. As the LCGB abides by the principles of Christian social teachings. This is also illustrated by the trade union's motto: Man at the Center of our action.

## History

The organisation was established in 1921 as a federation of trade unions. Its affiliates have since merged into the LCGB, making it a single trade union with various sectoral bodies.

### Organisation

By membership, the LCGB is the second-largest trade union in the country, with a little over 40,000 members. The LCGB has its headquarters not far from the central train station in Luxembourg City.
On the international scale, the LCGB is affiliated to the International Trade Union Confederation (ITUC) and the European Trade Union Confederation (ETUC).
On the regional scale ("Grande Région"), the LCGB is a member of the IGR Saar-Lor-Lux/Trier-Westpfalz, the IRS 3 Frontières and the Plateforme syndicale de la Grande Région (PSGR). As such, two EURES-councillors are working at LCGB.

## Former affiliates

| Union | Membership (1963) |
| Christian Federation of Craftsmen | 1,583 |
| Christian Federation of Pensioners | 1,543 |
| Federation of Christian Construction and Quarry Workers | 1,262 |
| Federation of Christian Factory and Leather Workers | 3,930 |
| Federation of Christian Metal Workers | 6,040 |
| Federation of Christian Miners | 625 |
| Federation of Christian Officials and Employees | 1,286 |
| Federation of Christian Public Service Workers | 1,278 |

## Presidents

* Patrick Dury (2011-)
* Robert Weber (1996–2011)
* Marcel Glesener (1980–1996)
* Jean Spautz (1967–1980)
* Pierre Schockmel (1967)
* Léon Wagner (1951–1966)
* Jean-Baptiste Rock (1938–1951)
* Mathias Dossing (1924–1938)
* Michel Wolff (1921–1924)

## Footnotes

* ↑ Trade Unions of the World (6 ed.). London: John Harper Publishing. 2005. pp. 204–205. ISBN 0954381157.
* ↑ Wirtz, W. Willard (1965). Directory of Labour Organizations: Europe. Vol. 2. United States Department of Labor. pp. 18.3–18.6.
# P. P. Parikh

Pravina Pravin Parikh (1941–2023, published as P. P. Parikh) was an Indian mechanical engineer specializing in internal combustion engines and alternative fuels, and especially known for her unified method for estimating the higher heating value of a fuel from its composition. Another of her research interests was the status of women in engineering.

## Life, education, and career

Parikh was born on January 14, 1941. She was an undergraduate in the Victoria Jubilee Technical Institute of the University of Bombay, and received a master's degree and Ph.D. from IIT Bombay.
She became a faculty member in the Department of Mechanical Engineering at IIT Bombay in 1963, and was promoted to professor in 1984. After retiring as professor emerita, she died on March 14, 2023.

## Recognition

Parikh was a member of the Indian National Academy of Engineering, elected in 1990.
# Institute for Transtextual and Transcultural Studies

The IETT, the Institute for Transtextual and Transcultural Studies (French: Institut d'études transtextuelles et transculturelles (IETT)), is a publicly funded research institute based in Lyon, France, and attached to the Jean Moulin University Lyon 3. It is a constituent unit of the Maison des Sciences de l'Homme Lyon St-Étienne. Its research focuses on analysis of how the world was conceived from colonialist relations, on notions of gender, and on techno-economic ideologies. Its current director is Gregory B. Lee, its deputy directors are Florence Labaune-Demeule and Sophie Coavoux.
The IETT represents Jean Moulin University Lyon 3 within the French Network for Asian Studies (GIS Asie), and the Institut du Genre. The IETT is a founding member of Europe in a Networked World (E-NeW), and of EastAsiaNet. The IETT publishes the multilingual blind peer-reviewed academic journal Transtext(e)s-Transcultures: A Journal of Global Cultural Studies.
# Mpanda River

The Mpanda River (French: Rivière Mpanda) is a river in Bubanza Province, Burundi. It is a tributary of the Ruzizi River.

## Course

The Mpanda River and the Kajeke River are the only permanent tributaries of the Rusizi in its lower plain. The Mpanda rises near the crest of the Zaire-Nile ridge, and flows across the plain for about 30 kilometres (19 mi). About 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) from the Rusizi it crosses an enormous expanse of marshes that connect to the Mutimbuzi River basin.
The Mpanda rises in the Kibira National Park on the border between Muramvya Province and Bubanza Province. It flows west and then south-southwest through Bubanza Province past the towns of Mpanda and Murengeza, then flows southwest along the boundary between Bubanza Province and Bujumbura Rural Province. It defines the north end of the Melchior Ndadaye International Airport, then joins the Ruzizi River just north of its mouth on Lake Tanganyika.
The Mpanda is up to 5 to 6 metres (16 to 20 ft) wide and 2 metres (6 ft 7 in) deep. In dry periods the flow may be only 2 cubic metres per second (71 cu ft/s), but it can become a torrent in flood periods.

## Issues

In October 2020 the standpipes in Rukaramu, Commune of Mutimbuzi, Bujumbura Rural Province, had been dry for over six months. The inhabitants were forced to use water from the Mpanda River. In November 2020 the river banks collapsed and Mpanda River left its bed near Rukaramu.
In March 2021 the Gatura irrigation dam on the Mpanda River gave way, causing a risk that over 3,125 hectares (7,720 acres) of rice fields in the communes of Mpanda and Gihanga would dry up. A possible solution was to divert the nearby Nyaburiga River into the dam's canal. In May 2021 the river threatened to break the dam that protects the infrastructure of the Melchior Ndadaye International Airport.

## Hydroelectricity

Work began on a hydroelectric dam on the Mpanda River in 2011, with an estimated cost of US$54 million. The contractors included the Chinese company CENEMA-CGC for the power plant buildings and equipment, and Angelique International for the connection station and distribution line. Work stopped in 2017 after 45% had been completed, since the contractors had not been paid for the remaining work. In October 2021 Evariste Ndayishimiye, President of Burundi, visited the site, where he found that some of the structures had already collapsed.
In June 2021 the French company Hydroneo East Africa received a $1 million development loan from the British government's Renewable Energy Performance Platform (REPP) for implementation of a 10.2MW run-of-river hydroelectric project on the rapids of the Mpanda River. The project needed $43.5 million in total, and Hydroneo expected to complete financing in 2022. In June 2023 Hydroneo East Africa invited separate tenders for construction of the Mpanda Hydroelectric Power Station and for the 27 kilometres (17 mi) power transmission line from the plant and the Rubirizi substation.
# Dai Sheng

Dai Sheng (simplified Chinese: 戴圣; traditional Chinese: 戴聖; pinyin: Dài Shèng), also known as Xiao Dai, (Chinese: 小戴; lit. 'Little Dai'), birth and death unknown, was the Scholar of Rituals to Emperor Xuan of the Former Han dynasty. He was the son of Dai Ren (戴仁) and the nephew of Dai De. He was a native of Liang (now Shangqiu, Henan) and a founder of the Former Han dynasty Jinwen Jingxue (今文经学, School of Confucianism).
He helped compile the Book of Rites (Li Ji), reducing the 85 books of Dai De's version down to 46. Three books were later added to make 49 that still exist. Dai Sheng's version is known as Xiao Dai Li Ji 小戴礼记.
Dai Sheng and Dai De were at the shuqiu Pavilion meeting where the emperor invited scholars to debate key points of Confucian cannon the Guliang zhuan won over the Gongyang Zhuan regarding the spring and autumn annals commentaries and it inspired the Bai hu tong or the white tiger hall meeting.
He and Dai de are mentioned in the three character classic as writing commentaries to the book of rites.
Dai theorized that annual government expenditures should equal the average of annual government revenue over the previous thirty years.
# Bob Garner

Robert Lee Garner (September 26, 1934 – June 25, 1990) was an American football player who played with the Los Angeles Chargers and Oakland Raiders. He played college football at California State University, Fresno. His hometown was Hanford, California.
# Otto Funke

Otto Funke (October 27, 1828 – August 17, 1879) was a German physiologist born in Chemnitz.
He studied in Leipzig and Heidelberg, and in 1852, he became a lecturer of physiology at the University of Leipzig. In 1853, he became an associate professor to the medical faculty at Leipzig, and in 1860, a professor of physiology at the University of Freiburg. One of his better known students at Leipzig was the physiologist Karl Ewald Konstantin Hering (1834–1918).
In 1851, Otto Funke was the first scientist to successfully crystallize hemoglobin (German: Hämoglobinkristalle), which he first called Blutfarbstoff. This work was a precursor to Felix Hoppe-Seyler's important studies of hemoglobin. Funke also performed research of blood formation in the spleen, and investigations into the effects of curare.

## Selected publications

* Lehrbuch der Physiologie (7. Aufl. von Grünhagen, Hamburg 1884)
* Atlas der physiologischen Chemie (Leipzig 1853, 2. Aufl. 1858), Supplement to Carl Lehmann's Lehrbuch der physiologischen Chemie
* Kapitel über den Tastsinn und die Gemeingefühle. In: Ludimar Hermann's Handbuch der Physiologie (Bd. 3, Leipzig 1880)