OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Borys Konfederat

Borys Konfederat (Ukrainian: Борис Васильович Конфедерат, Russian: Борис Васильевич Конфедерат; born 4 July 1943) is a retired Soviet professional footballer who played as a goalkeeper. After retiring he became a referee.

## Playing career

Konfederat began playing in lower level of football. His first team was Zirka in his hometown of Kirovohrad. He then moved to neighboring Kremenchuk where he played for Torpedo and Dnipro. He then moved to Anhara. He later played for Selenga which he left in 1966. In 1967 he joined Zenit, he did not make any appearances for the team. From 1967 to 1973 Konfederat played for Spartak.

## Personal life

He is father to Andrii Konfederat who was also a goalkeeper and played for Vahonobudivnyk in Kremenchuk.

## Referee

After retirement he became a referee in 1977 and took part in at least 122 matches from 1977 to 1991. 75 as an assistant referee and 47 as a referee.

## Honours

Spartak
* Soviet First League: 1969
# Galina Gorchakova

Galina Vladimirovna Gorchakova (Russian: Галина Владимировна Горчакова, born 1 March 1962) is a distinguished Russian lyric soprano.

## Beginnings

Gorchakova was born in Novokuznetsk to a musical family. She moved to Novosibirsk in Siberia with her parents who were singers at the opera house there. It was in that city that she attended music school, college and the Conservatoire from which she graduated in 1988. While she was there, she was auditioned for the opera company of Sverdlovsk and transferred there as a leading soprano. After a period, she became dissatisfied and asked to audition at the Mariinsky Theatre in St Petersburg. Artistic director Valery Gergiev invited her to join the company as a guest artist and she sang Il trovatore and Prince Igor.

## The Fiery Angel

She was asked to learn the role of Renata in Prokofiev's The Fiery Angel for Sir Edward Downes who was auditioning singers for a joint production of the opera for Covent Garden and the Mariinsky. She won the role which became her breakthrough role, and with which she made her Western debut at the 1991 Proms in London. She also sang the role the following year at the Royal Opera House and this was a triumph for her. International success in the same role followed in Milan, New York, San Francisco. It was only after her international acclaim that she was offered a permanent position at the Mariinsky theatre.

## Repertoire

She has also sung in many other key Russian operas: Tatiana in Eugene Onegin, Lisa in The Queen of Spades, Iolanta, Mazeppa, Ruslan and Lyudmila. The Maid of Pskov and Fevroniya in The Invisible City of Kitezh.
She has also sung the Italian repertoire, Cio-Cio San in Madama Butterfly the opera in which she made her Metropolitan Opera debut in 1995, Aida, Elisabeth de Valois in Don Carlo, the Leonoras in Il trovatore and La forza del destino, Tosca, and Norma.

## Valery Gergiev

Although Gergiev played a key role in her early success and despite the many performances and recordings in which she has sung under his baton, both at the Mariinsky and on tour, Gorchakova has spoken harshly of his arrogant attitude towards her and other Russian singers and of what she perceives as attempts by him to stop her international career as payback for her leaving the Mariinsky.
She was a prize-winner in the Mussorgsky and Glinka competitions. She is a People's Artist of the USSR.
She was married, but is now divorced and has a son.
# Lizzie Holden

Elizabeth Rose Rebecca "Lizzie" Holden (born 12 September 1997) is a Manx professional racing cyclist, who currently rides for UCI Women's WorldTeam UAE Team ADQ.

## Major results

Source:

### 2014

    2nd Road race, National Junior Road Championships

### 2019

    2nd Time trial, National Under-23 Road Championships
    3rd Road race, National Road Championships
    6th Overall Giro della Toscana
       1st Young rider classification

### 2020

    6th La Périgord Ladies

### 2022

    National Road Championships
       3rd Time trial
       4th Road race
    4th Overall Belgium Tour
    7th Overall Thüringen Ladies Tour
    9th Overall Bloeizone Fryslân Tour

### 2023

    1st Time trial, National Road Championships
# Bilobozhnytsia

Bilobozhnytsia (Ukrainian: Білобожниця) is a village in Ukraine, Ternopil Oblast, Chortkiv Raion, Bilobozhnytsia rural hromada.

## History

The first written mention dates from 1532.

## Religion

* Church of the Transfiguration (OCU, 1901, brick, rebuilt in 1991)
* Church of the Transfiguration (UGCC, 2008)
* Saints Peter and Paul church (RCC, 2001)

## People

* Mykhailo Borysykevych (1848–1899), Ukrainian ophthalmologist, Doctor of Medicine
* Taras Senkiv (born 1960), Eparchial Bishop of Ukrainian Catholic Eparchy of Stryi
# Aleksandr Bem

Aleksandr Sergeyevich Bem (Russian: Александр Сергеевич Бем; born 19 April 2001) is a Russian football player who plays for FC Tyumen.

## Club career

He made his debut in the Russian Football National League for FC Tyumen on 3 March 2019 in a game against FC Sibir Novosibirsk, as a 52nd minute substitute for Mikhail Kovalenko.
# Teppo Hauta-aho

Teppo Hauta-aho (May 27, 1941 – November 27, 2021) was a Finnish double bassist and composer.

## Early life and studies

Hauta-aho was born in Janakkala, near Hämeenlinna, on May 27, 1941. He studied the double bass at the Sibelius Academy from 1963 to 1970 and with František Pošta in Prague.

## Later life and career

From 1965 to 1972, Hauta-aho played with the Helsinki Philharmonic Orchestra. From 1975, he was with the Finnish National Opera Orchestra. In 1999 he performed with Brazilian tenor saxophonist Ivo Perelman, Irish-Swiss pianist John Wolf Brennan and Finish drummer Teppo Mäkynen at Kerava Festival. One of his best known works, Fantasia, for trumpet and orchestra, won the 1986 Queen Maria Jose competition in Geneva. Another, Kadenza, has been the set piece for international music competitions and has been played at music festivals.
He was self-taught as a composer, and his compositions included a double bass concerto, chamber music and works for the double bass.

## Discography

With Tuohi Klang
* Pensselman Hits vol. 2765 (Finnlevy, 1972)(re-issue Svart Records,2022)
With Juhani Aaltonen
* Etiquette (Love, 1974)
With Pekka Pöyry
* Happy Peter (Leo, 1984)
With Anthony Braxton
* 2 Compositions (Järvenpää) 1988 (Leo, 1988 [1996])
With Evan Parker
* The Needles (Leo, 2000–01)
With Cecil Taylor
* Lifting the Bandstand (Fundacja Słuchaj!, 2021)
With Edward Vesala
* Nan Madol (JAPO, 1974)
* Soulset/Edward Vesala Jazz Band (Finnlevy, 1969)(re-issue Svart Records,2018)
With Heikki “Mike” Koskinen
* Kellari Trio (Edgetone Records, 2015)
* Mike Koskinen Orchestra (Finnlevy, 1973)(re-issue Svart Records,2016)
* August Conversations (Edgetone Records, 2019)
With Otherworld Ensemble
* Live at Malmitalo (Edgetone Records, 2018)
* Northern Fire (Edgetone Records, 2018)
* Return From Manala (Edgetone Records, 2020)
Sources:
# Mikko Innanen (musician)

Mikko Aleksi Innanen (born 28 February 1978 in Lapinjärvi, Finland), is a Finnish saxophonist and composer.
Innanen graduated in 2003 from the jazz department of Sibelius Academy, the only university level music academy in Finland. Innanen spent one year of his studies in Copenhagen, Denmark, at the Rhythmic Music Conservatory.
Over the last few years, he has played with a number of groups, including several groups with other Finnish jazz musicians such as Nuijamiehet, Gourmet, Mr Fonebone and Mikko Innanen & Innkvisitio as well as Delirium (with Danes Kasper Tranberg, Stefan Pasborg and Jonas Westergaard), Triot (with Pasborg and Nicolai Munch-Hansen), as a featured guest of the French trio Triade (Cedric Piromalli, Sebastian Boisseau and Nicolas Larmignat), The European Jazz Youth Orchestra, drummer Teppo Mäkynen's Teddy Rok 7, Itchy (Jakob Dinesen, Jeppe Skovbakke, Rune Kielsgaard), Ulf Krokors - Iro Haarla Loco Motife, Ibrahim Electric, Espoo Big Band and the UMO Jazz Orchestra.
He has also performed with Han Bennink, Jaak Sooäär, John Tchicai, Ingrid Jensen, Anders Bergcrantz, Marc Ducret, Tim Hagans, Chris Speed, Barry Guy, Juhani Aaltonen, Liudas Mockunas, Hiroshi Minami, Lelo Nika, Billy Cobham, Andre Sumelius, Marcus Shelby, Dayna Stephens and many others, including virtually all of the musicians currently active on the Finnish jazz scene and a growing number of international artists.
Innanen was awarded a one-year artist's grant by the Finnish State's Arts Council in 2003, the best soloist's prize at the International Competition for Jazz Groups in Getxo, Spain, in 2000 and the first prize at the first Jukka Perko saxophone competition in 2001. In 2004 Finnish jazz journalists voted Innanen as the runner-up alto, soprano and baritone saxophone player of the year 2003 and 2004.

## Selected recordings

* Delirium: Eclexistence (2005, TUM Records)
* Gourmet: Six Acres of Broken Hearts (2004, Fiasko Records)
* Triot with John Tchicai: Sudden Happiness (2004, TUM Records)
* Delirium (2002, Fiasko Records)
* Gourmet: Glamour & Decadence (2001, Fiasko Records )
* Mr. Fonebone: Live featuring Ingrid Jensen (2000, Texicalli)
* Nuijamiehet (2000, Fiasko Records)
* Mr. Fonebone (1997, Antti Rissanen)
# Solontsy, Republic of Buryatia

Solontsy (Russian: Солонцы) is a rural locality (a selo) in Tarbagataysky District, Republic of Buryatia, Russia. The population was 642 as of 2010. There are 10 streets in the locality.

## Geography

Solontsy is located 17 km north of Tarbagatay (the district's administrative centre) by road. Selenga is the nearest rural locality.
# Douglas Mews

Douglas Christopher Mews (born 1956), is a New Zealand classical organist and harpsichordist and he is also a composer. He holds the position of City Organist, Wellington, New Zealand. He is the brother of Constant Mews.

## Biography

Mews was the son of composer and organist Douglas Mews and his wife Nancy Radius; his brother is Constant Mews. He was born in England. He was educated at St Peter's College, Auckland. He began playing the organ at St Patrick's Cathedral, Auckland, where his father (and first organ teacher) Dr Douglas Mews was choir conductor in the 1970s. He continued his organ studies privately with Kenneth Weir. He graduated from University of Auckland with a master's degree in organ and harpsichord in 1979, having studied with Anthony Jennings, a former student of Maxwell Fernie. He then continued his harpsichord studies with Bob van Asperen at the Royal Conservatory of The Hague, gaining Certificaat Koninkijk Cons.
At The Hague, Mews also expanded his interest in historical keyboards to include the Fortepiano. He presently holds the position of Artist Teacher in keyboard and as an early music specialist. at the New Zealand School of Music, Victoria University of Wellington. He broadcasts for Radio New Zealand Concert and tours for Chamber Music New Zealand. He is the Wellington City Organist and is choir director at St Teresa's church, Karori, Wellington; he has recorded performances, including the Haydn Trios with Flute and Cello. In 2009 he toured Europe, giving concerts in Edinburgh, Oxford, Salzburg and Béziers in the south of France.
As well as his academic work, Mews has continued his contribution to the musical life of Wellington in conducting concerts and giving keyboard recitals. He is also a composer of Catholic liturgical music.

## Discography

* Douglas Mews, "The Norman and Beard Organ of Wellington Town Hall, New Zealand", Great Australasian Organs Vol. VIII, Priory records, United Kingdom, 2010.
* Douglas Mews, The Lost Chord: Played with immense success by Mr Douglas Mews on the Wellington Town Hall Grand Organ, recorded 2012, Anthony Donovan, Mary Adams Design, Stebbing Ltd, Wellington, 2012.
# Gara Choqa, Hamadan

Gara Choqa (Persian: گراچقا, also Romanized as Garā Choqā, Garā Cheqā, and Garachoqā; also known as Gara Chegha) is a village in Hegmataneh Rural District, in the Central District of Hamadan County, Hamadan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 2,252, in 561 families.
# Lurabi

Lurabi (Persian: لورابي, also Romanized as Lūrābī) is a village in Quri Qaleh Rural District, Shahu District, Ravansar County, Kermanshah Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 45, in 6 families.
# Litiatyn

Litiatyn (Ukrainian: Літятин) is a village in Saranchuky rural hromada, Ternopil Raion, Ternopil Oblast, Ukraine.

## History

The first written mention of the village was in 1443.
After the liquidation of the Berezhany Raion on 19 July 2020, the village became part of the Ternopil Raion.

## Religion

* Saint Demetrius church (1906, built),
* Roman Catholic Church (1888, not functioning).
# Malinovka, Shelabolikhinsky District, Altai Krai

Malinovka (Russian: Малиновка) is a rural locality (a selo) in Novoobintsevsky Selsoviet, Shelabolikhinsky District, Altai Krai, Russia. The population was 25 as of 2013. There is 1 street.

## Geography

Malinovka is located 14 km east of Shelabolikha (the district's administrative centre) by road. Novoobintsevo is the nearest rural locality.
# Ayalu

Ayalu (Persian: ايالو, also Romanized as Ayālū) is a village in Anguran Rural District, Anguran District, Mahneshan County, Zanjan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 342, in 81 families.
# Democratic Nasserist Party

The Democratic Nasserist Party (Arabic: الحزب الناصري الديمقراطي, al-Hizb al-Nasiri al-Dimuqrati) is a political party in Yemen.

## History

The party was set up in the 1960s by Egyptian intelligence service to win the support of Shafi'i muslims population that dominated Lower Yemen. It contested the 1993 parliamentary elections, nominating 17 candidates. Despite receiving only 0.2% of the vote, it won a seat in the House of Representatives. For the 1997 elections it put forward 33 candidates, and despite doubling its vote share, it lost parliamentary representation. It received 0.2% of the vote in the 2003 parliamentary elections, remaining seatless.

## Ideology

Although a Nasserist party, the party supports Sharia law and sees socialism as being compatible with Islam.
# Shah Kafer

Shah Kafer (Persian: شه كافر, also Romanized as Shah Kāfer) is a village in Sarbuk Rural District, Sarbuk District, Qasr-e Qand County, Sistan and Baluchestan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 78, in 13 families.
# Cyril Pavlov

Archimandrite Cyril (Russian: Архимандрит Кирилл, secular name Ivan Dmitrievich Pavlov, Russian: Иван Дмитриевич Павлов; 8 September 1919 – 20 February 2017) was a Russian Orthodox Christian mystic, elder, wonder-worker and Archimandrite, who was confessor to Patriarch Alexy II. He was also confessor to the previous patriarchs Alexy I and Pimen.

## Biography

Ivan Dmitrievich Pavlov was born September 8, 1919, in Makovskiye Vyselki, Ryazan Oblast, to a peasant family. After finishing at a polytechnical college, he worked as a technician at a metallurgic plant. Pavlov served in the military during World War II, active for six years, starting in the Soviet-Finnish War; he also took part in the Battle of Stalingrad. He was awarded the medal and title of "Hero of the Soviet Union" for his part in the defense of Stalingrad.
As a soldier, Pavlov reached Austria and participated in the battles at Lake Balaton. In 1946 he was demobilised in Hungary and came to Moscow.

### Conversion

In one of the most bloody days lieutenant Pavlov found among the ruins the Gospel, opened, started reading and took it as a sign from above. He collected all the pages of the Gospel and never abandoned them. In one of the interviews he recollected, "When I started reading the Gospel – my eyes got opened upon everything surrounding me, upon all the events... I walked with the Gospel and was not afraid. Never. Such was the inspiration! Simply God was next to me and I was not afraid of anything...".
In 1946 Pavlov went to Yelokhovo Cathedral and, after asking for any theological institute, he was sent to the newly opened theological seminary at Novodevichy monastery. He arrived there in the military outfit and was gladly met by pro-rector Father Sergius. Thus the sergeant became the seminarian. Having finished the seminary, he studied at the Moscow Theological Academy and in 1953 took postrig becoming a monk, refusing the glory and awards. He completed the academy in 1954, by now not Ivan Dmitrievich Pavlov but hieromonk Cyril. Father Cyril lived at Trinity-Sergius lavra and became brotherly spiritual guide to the monks.

### Later life and death

Until his death father Cyril lived in Peredelkino, in the residence of the Holy Patriarch of all Russia Aleksy II.
Archimandrite Cyril died on 20 February 2017 at the age of 97.
# Rigabad, Negin Kavir

Rigabad (Persian: ريگ اباد, also Romanized as Rīgābād; also known as Rīgābād-e Chahār Rīgān) is a village in Chahdegal Rural District, Negin Kavir District, Fahraj County, Kerman Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 34, in 7 families.
# Schänzel Tower

The Schänzel Tower (German: Schänzelturm) is a 13-metre-high viewing tower on the Steigerkopf near Edenkoben in the county of Südliche Weinstraße in the German state of Rhineland-Palatinate. It was built in 1874 and is the highest-located tower in the mountain range of the Palatinate Forest.

## Location

The tower is located in the east of the Palatinate Forest, within the nature park itself, on the Steigerkopf (613.6 m above sea level (NHN)), whose summit, including the tower site, belongs to an exclave of the municipality of Gommersheim.

## Architecture

The octagonal tower is 13 metres high and was built of hewn bunter sandstone. The body of the structure is in two parts. The massive lower section has a perron that leads to a platform about 5 metres above the ground. Inside the narrower upper section of the tower, which is accessed from the platform from a door and has narrow, embrasure-like windows, is an internal staircase. The observation platform on the roof of the tower is protected by railings. Depending on the height of the surrounding trees, the views may be restricted.

## History

The Schänzel Tower was erected in 1874 a result of Germany's nationalistic fervour after her victory in the Franco-Prussian War of 1870/71. In 1894 it was dedicated to the Prussian soldiers who suffered a defeat at this location during the Battle of Trippstadt on 13 July 1794, a hundred years earlier, including the death of the Prussian commander, General Theodor Philipp von Pfau [de]:
   "...in memory of the brave Prussian warriors who died a hero's death here for the German Fatherland fighting the French invasion army on 13 July 1794" (Dem Andenken der tapferen preußischen Krieger, welche im Kampfe gegen das französische Invasionsheer am 13. Juli 1794 hier den Heldentod für das deutsche Vaterland starben).
When French Revolutionary troops conquered that part of Electoral Palatine on the left bank of the Rhine, a contingent of Prussian soldiers opposed them without success on the slopes of the Steigerkopf. Because the Prussians had built a small fieldwork (Schanze) on the mountainside, the Steigerkopf became known locally as the Schänzel; whence the name of the tower.

## Literature

* Walter Eitelmann (1998), Rittersteine im Pfälzerwald (in German) (4., überarbeitete und wesentlich erweiterte ed.), Neustadt/Weinstr.: Pfälzerwald-Verein, ISBN 3-00-003544-3
# Abu al-Faḍl Jaʻfar ibn ʻAli al-Dimashqi

Abū al-Faḍl Jaʻfar ibn ʻAlī al-Dimashqī (Arabic: أبو الفضل جعفر بن علي الدمشقي; fl. 12th-century) was a prosperous Muslim merchant from Damascus. He is best known for being the author of Kitab al-Isharah ila Mahasin at-Tijarah wa Marifat Jayyid al-Aʼrad wa Kadiiha wa Ghush-ush al-Mudallisin fiha (A Guide to the Merits of Commerce and to Recognition of Both Fine and Defective Merchandise and the Swindles of Those Who Deal Dishonestly).
Almost nothing is known about al-Dimashqi's life. He was among the Muslim writers who were influenced by Greek sources, particularly by the neo-Pythagorean Bryson of Heraclea.

## Economic views

In contrast to many other Muslim writers, Al-Dimashqi approved of wealth for its own sake. His work praises trade as an economic activity and demonstrates a thorough understanding of the roles of supply and demand and the uncertainty associated with them. According to Louis Baeck, professor of International Economics and Development at the Catholic University of Leuven (Belgium), al-Dimashqi "formulated what modern economists would call price theory". In this theory, al-Dimashqi "makes a distinction between normal periods in which market prices are based on cost of production, as opposed to periods of scarcity or oversupply, in which speculators' drive manifest itself".
In the Guide to the Merits of Commerce, he expresses disapproval of the state becoming directly involved in the economy. Al-Dimashqi also emphasizes the necessity of division of labour for economic development:
   "No individual can, because of the shortness of his life span, burden himself with all industries. If he does, he may not be able to master the skills of all of them from the first to the last. Industries are all interdependent. Construction needs the carpenter and the carpenter needs the ironsmith and the ironsmith needs the miner, and all these industries need premises. People are, therefore, necessitated by force of circumstances to be clustered in cities to help each other in fulfilling their mutual needs"
# Alexino, Petushinsky District, Vladimir Oblast

Alexino (Russian: Алексино) is a rural locality (a village) in Pekshinskoye Rural Settlement, Petushinsky District, Vladimir Oblast, Russia. The population was 1 as of 2010.

## Geography

Alexino is located 44 km northeast of Petushki (the district's administrative centre) by road. Vasilki is the nearest rural locality.
# Losiach

Losiach (Ukrainian: Лосяч) is a village in Skala-Podilska settlement hromada, Chortkiv Raion, Ternopil Oblast, Ukraine.

## History

Near the village, archaeological monuments of ancient Rus' culture were discovered, in particular, in 1877, archaeologist Adam Kirkor, who found a human skeleton with a bronze ring on his finger under a large stone slab.
The village has been known from 1540.
After the liquidation of the Borshchiv Raion on 19 July 2020, the village became part of the Chortkiv Raion.

## Religion

* two stone churches of the Exaltation of the Holy Cross (1903, OCU; 2007, UGCC)
* St. Anthony's Church (1872, RCC)
# Yemen Arabian Sea Ports Corporation

Yemen Arabian Sea Ports Corporation (YASPC) (Arabic:مؤسسة موانئ البحر العربي اليمنية) or Yemen Indian Ocean Ports Corporation (YIOPC) (Arabic:مؤسسة موانئ المحيط الهندي اليمنية) is a sovereign government corporation that supervises the management of Yemeni ports on the Arabian Sea of the Indian Ocean, mainly Port of Mukalla in Hadramawt, Port of Socotra, and Port of Nashtoon in al-Mahara. The YASPC was established on 28 April 2007 as part of the Ministry of Transport.
# Deh-e Chati

Deh-e Chati (Persian: ده چاتي, also Romanized as Deh-e Chātī) is a village in Charam Rural District, in the Central District of Charam County, Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 54, in 9 families.
# Seyyedabad, East Azerbaijan

Seyyedabad (Persian: سيداباد, also Romanized as Seyyedābād; also known as Seyyed Lar) is a village in Ozomdel-e Shomali Rural District, in the Central District of Varzaqan County, East Azerbaijan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 43, in 9 families.
# Zagryazhskoye

Zagryazhskoye (Russian: Загряжское) is a rural locality (a village) in Kovarditskoye Rural Settlement, Muromsky District, Vladimir Oblast, Russia. The population was 152 as of 2010. There are 4 streets.

## Geography

Zagryazhskoye is located on the Ilevna River, 13 km south of Murom (the district's administrative centre) by road. Panfilovo is the nearest rural locality.