OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# MIMA v Respondents S152/2003

MIMA v Respondents S152/2003 is a decision of the High Court of Australia.
The case is important to refugee law in Australia, primarily for its holdings regarding refugee claims where an applicant fears harm from a non-state actor.
S152 is the 27th most cited High Court case according to LawCite.

## Facts

A heterosexual couple from Ukraine applied for refugee visas in Australia. The male partner had suffered physical harm in his home country because of his involvement with the Jehovah's Witnesses.
To be eligible for the refugee visa, the applicant needed to satisfy criteria under Art 1A(2) of the Refugees Convention as amended by the Refugees Protocol, incorporated into Australian law by the Migration Act 1958 (Cth).
It was accepted that he possessed a fear. However the tribunal rejected that the fear was 'well founded', due to evidence led at the tribunal about the contemporary status of Jehovah's Witnesses in Ukraine.
The couple then appealed at the Federal Court. The primary judge rejected their argument that the Ukraine government had condoned their mistreatment; writing:
   '[I]t seems a large jump to infer, from the reaction of one officer in one police station [about which the male applicant complained], that the government of the Ukraine, considering that entity as a whole, was unable or unwilling to protect Ukrainian citizens against assault arising out of their religious beliefs ... I can understand the Tribunal's unwillingness to make a finding that the Ukrainian government was unwilling or unable to protect its citizens in the absence of evidence of ... other options having been tried [by the male applicant] and proved unsuccessful.'
On subsequent appeal the Full Court concluded that the Tribunal had erred. The Full Court held that the right question was 'whether, in a practical sense, the State was able to provide protection particularly in light of the pervasive pattern of harm'. It overturned the Tribunal's decision.
The Minister then appealed to the High Court.

## Judgement

The High Court unanimously upheld the Tribunal's original decision to refuse a refugee visa.
The majority reasoned that the Tribunal had made findings that the Ukrainian authorities were not responsible for the harm suffered, and that the government was willing and able to protect the applicant. Those findings made it reasonable to conclude that Ukraine would provide citizens in the applicant's position with a level of protection consistent with international standards.
Because of that, the majority concluded he was not a victim of persecution in the relevant convention sense; and the couldn't justify his unwillingness to seek the protection of his country of nationality.

## Significance

S152 is referred to extensively within the Administrative Appeal Tribunal's own handbook on Refugee Law in Australia, particularly for its precedential value in cases where an applicant faces a real fear of harm from a non-state actor.
# Philipp Riese

Philipp Riese (born 12 November 1989) is a German professional football coach and a former central midfielder. He is an assistant coach with Erzgebirge Aue.

## Career

Riese announced his retirement as a player in the summer 2022, and in November 2022 he decided to come back to playing with Erzgebirge Aue. On 4 February 2023, Riese retired from playing once again.
# Maslavi

Maslavi (Persian: مصلاوي, also Romanized as Maşlāvī and Maslāvī) is a village in Howmeh-ye Gharbi Rural District, in the Central District of Khorramshahr County, Khuzestan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 823, in 185 families.
# Valiabad, South Khorasan

Valiabad (Persian: ولي اباد, also Romanized as Valīābād) is a village in Zirkuh Rural District, Central District, Zirkuh County, South Khorasan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 76, in 18 families.
# Qaruchan

Qaruchan (Persian: قروچان, also Romanized as Qarūchān; also known as Ḩasan Kadkhodā) is a village in Dorungar Rural District, Now Khandan District, Dargaz County, Razavi Khorasan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 107, in 28 families.
# Gornje Kolibe

Gornje Kolibe (Serbian: Горње Колибе) is a village in the municipality of Brod, Republika Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina with Bosniak ethnic majority.
# Steinheim (Main) station

Steinheim (Main) station is a station on the Frankfurt Schlachthof–Hanau railway in Hanau in the German state of Hesse. The station is classified by Deutsche Bahn (DB) as a category 5 station.

## Location and description

The station is located on the Frankfurt Schlachthof–Hanau S-Bahn line between Frankfurt and Hanau, which runs parallel with a section of the Frankfurt–Göttingen railway (DB line no. 3600). The S-Bahn line is single track here, as it is all the way from Mülheim (Main) Dietenheim station to Hanau Central Station (German: Hanau Hauptbahnhof).The single platform is on the northeast side of the track and is served by trains in both directions. The platform is located on the side of the track away from central Steinheim. This is a somewhat unusual arrangement made necessary because the S-Bahn track runs on the northern side of the line in order to cross Steinheim Main Bridge and to connect immediately afterwards to the tracks on the northern side of Hanau station. The station was brought into operation with the opening of the S-Bahn in 1995, and it is served by lines S8 and S9.

## History

It replaces the previous Steinheim (Kr. Offenbach) station, which was at the same place on the Frankfurt–Bebra railway and opened in 1873. Its original name was Klein Steinheim. The station building was, however, on the southeast side of the tracks. The railway also had a freight track with a goods shed for local freight.
The station served the former municipality of Steinheim (Kr Offenbach), which was absorbed into the city of Hanau in 1974 as part of the Hessian municipal reform. Owing to various constraints on the route of the Frankfurt–Bebra railway, such as the location of the bridge over the Main and the junction with the north bank line of the Frankfurt-Hanau Railway Company (Frankfurt-Hanauer Eisenbahn Gesellschaft, FHE) in Hanau Central Station (then called Hanau Ost (east)), Steinheim station was established quite far from the centres of Steinheim, Klein-Steinheim and Niedersteinheim (0.5 km) and of Obersteinheim and Groß-Steinheim (1.8 km), which meant that traffic was quickly lost to private cars.
The station was closed in several steps: first, in the early 1970s the top floor and the first floor of the entrance building were removed, leaving the mutilated torso of the building with a flat roof. Freight traffic was abandoned. During the construction of the S-Bahn, the station building was finally abandoned and demolished to be replaced by a park and ride car park.

## Services

The station is served by S-Bahn lines S8 and S9, both running between Wiesbaden–Hanau, although only line S8 runs via Mainz.
# Cheshmeh Zaferan

Cheshmeh Zaferan (Persian: چشمه زعفران, also Romanized as Cheshmeh Zaʿferān) is a village in Alqchin Rural District, in the Central District of Charam County, Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 97, in 16 families.
# Sjögren–Larsson syndrome

Sjögren–Larsson syndrome is a rare autosomal recessive form of ichthyosis with neurological symptoms.$^{:485}$$^{:564}$ It can be identified by a triad of medical disorders. The first is ichthyosis, which is a buildup of skin to form a scale-like covering that causes dry skin and other problems. The second identifier is paraplegia which is characterized by leg spasms. The final identifier is intellectual delay.
SLS is caused by a mutation in the fatty aldehyde dehydrogenase gene found on chromosome 17. In order for a child to receive SLS both parents must be carriers of the SLS gene. If they are carriers their child has a ⁠1/4⁠ chance of getting the disease. In 1957 Sjögren and Larsson proposed that the Swedes with the disease all descended from a common ancestor 600 years ago. Today only 30–40 persons in Sweden have this disease.

## Signs and symptoms

* Dry and scaly skin similar to all other ichtyosiforms (types of ichthyosis).
* Neurological problems – this can often cause mild paralysis in the legs
* Mild to moderate intellectual disability.
* Often associated ocular features, which include pigmentary changes in the retina.
The usual presentation of crystalline maculopathy is from the age of 1–2 years onwards.

## Causes

It is associated with a deficiency of the enzyme fatty aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH3A2) which is encoded on the short arm of chromosome 17 (17p11.2). At least 11 distinct mutations have been identified.
Without a functioning fatty aldehyde dehydrogenase enzyme, the body is unable to break down medium- and long-chain fatty aldehydes which then build up in the membranes of the skin and brain.
This condition is inherited in an autosomal recessive pattern.

## Diagnosis

Diagnosis is made with a blood test which sees if the activity of the fatty aldehyde dehydrogenase enzyme is normal. Gene sequencing can also be used, which can additionally be used by would-be parents to see if they are carriers.

## Treatment

The ichthyosis is usually treated with topical ointment. Anti-convulsants are used to treat seizures and the spasms may be improved with surgery.

## Eponym

It was characterized by Torsten Sjögren and Tage Konrad Leopold Larsson (1905–1998), a Swedish medical statistician. It should not be confused with Sjögren's syndrome, which is a distinct condition named after a different person, Henrik Sjögren.
# Shabanak

Shabanak (Persian: شبانك, also Romanized as Shabānak and Sha’bank) is a village in Dodangeh-ye Sofla Rural District, Ziaabad District, Takestan County, Qazvin Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 50, in 10 families.
# Ilia Skirda

Ilia Valeryevich Skirda (Russian: Илья Валерьевич Скирда, born 21 September 2002) is a Russian figure skater who competes in men's singles. He has won two silver medals on the ISU Junior Grand Prix series.

## Career

Skirda skated at Sokolniki Sports school before relocating to Sambo 70 skating club in 2013. He finished 7th at his first junior nationals, in 2015. After a year, he finished 4th at the 2016 Russian Junior Championships, behind Roman Savosin.
In August 2016, at age 13, Skirda made his international debut at the 2016–17 Junior Grand Prix (JGP) competition in Saint-Gervais-les-Bains, France. Ranked 9th in the short and first in the free skate, he won the silver medal behind Savosin. In his next event at the 2016 JGP Slovenia, Skirda won another silver medal after placing fourth in the short and second in the free skate with a total of 208.28 points. Skirda's results have qualified for his first 2016–17 JGP Final to be held in Marseilles, France.

## Programs

| Season | Short program | Free skating |
| 2016–2017 | Mr. Bojangles by Robbie Williams | Once Upon a Time in America by Ennio Morricone |

## Competitive highlights

JGP: Junior Grand Prix
International :
| Event | 14–15 | 15–16 | 16–17 | 18–19 |
| JGP Final | | | 6th | |
| JGP France | | | 2nd | |
| JGP Slovenia | | | 2nd | |
| Sofia Trophy | | | | 3rd |
| National ||||||
| Russian Champ. | | | 12th | |
| Russian Jr. Champ. | 7th | 4th | 7th | |
| J: Junior level ||||||

## Detailed results
### Junior level

2016–17 season :
| Date | Event | Level | SP | FS | Total |
| 1–5 February 2017 | 2017 Russian Junior Championships | Junior | 8 71.44 | 6 143.12 | 7 214.56 |
| 22–25 December 2016 | 2017 Russian Championships | Senior | 12 68.63 | 12 131.76 | 12 200.39 |
| 8–11 December 2016 | 2016−17 JGP Final | Junior | 6 68.31 | 5 138.80 | 6 207.11 |
| 22–24 September 2016 | 2016 JGP Slovenia | Junior | 4 69.32 | 2 138.96 | 2 208.28 |
| 25–27 August 2016 | 2016 JGP France | Junior | 9 56.07 | 1 134.47 | 2 190.54 |
| 2015–16 season ||||||
| Date | Event | Level | SP | FS | Total |
| 21–23 January 2016 | 2016 Russian Junior Championships | Junior | 7 65.56 | 5 132.75 | 4 198.31 |
| 2014–15 season ||||||
| Date | Event | Level | SP | FS | Total |
| 4–7 February 2015 | 2015 Russian Junior Championships | Junior | 10 61.57 | 6 127.66 | 7 189.23 |
# Surkul

Surkul (Persian: سوركول, also Romanized as Sūrkūl) is a village in Kumasi Rural District, in the Central District of Marivan County, Kurdistan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 324, in 72 families. The village is populated by Kurds.
# Marcel Titsch-Rivero

Marcel Titsch-Rivero (born 2 November 1989) is a German professional footballer who plays as a midfielder.

## Career

Titsch-Rivero debuted in the Bundesliga for Eintracht Frankfurt in a match at 1899 Hoffenheim on 12 December 2009.

## Personal life

He is of Spanish origin.
# Savar Kalateh

Savar Kalateh (Persian: ساوركلاته, also Romanized as Sāvar Kalāteh) is a village in Katul Rural District, in the Central District of Aliabad County, Golestan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 450, in 113 families.
# Rajib Ghosh (journalist)

Rajib Ghosh (Bengali: রাজীব ঘোষ) (11 May 1962 – 16 July 2021) was an Indian journalist and author from Kolkata, West Bengal, India.

## Early years

Rajib Ghosh was born to Sri Anil Kumar Ghosh and Smt. Sheila Ghosh in Hazaribagh. He started his schooling at St. Xavier's School of Hazaribagh. He joined Jodhpur Park Boys School in class six. After the Higher Secondary examination in 1979 he joined Asutosh College of Kolkata and graduated in chemistry. He completed studies in journalism from the University of Calcutta.

## Career

Rajib started a career in journalism in 1983 and joined the news daily Pashchimbanga Sangbad (Bengali: পশ্চিমবঙ্গ সংবাদ). In 1984 Rajib joined the news daily Bartamaan at its initiation. After some years he joined Bengali news daily Aajkaal (Bengali: আজকাল)and gradually showed his mettle in newspaper management and editing. He was working as the Joint Editor in Aajkaal Patrika at the time of his death. Rajib was also associated with Netaji Subhas Open University as a visiting faculty in journalism and mass communication.

## Literary works

Rajib wrote several books of popular reading, mostly imbibing humor from the life of the common man. The books he wrote are:
* Kotha O Kolkata (Bengali: কথা ও কলকাতা)
* Paratuto (Bengali: পাড়াতুতো)
* Khosh Golpo (Bengali: খোশগল্প)
* Bhojpuri (Bengali: ভোজপুরি)

## Social life

Rajib was an active member of the Press Club, Kolkata. He was associated with Tridara Sammiloni and engaged himself in many social activities.

## Death

On May 17, 2021, Rajib was admitted to a nursing home with symptoms of Covid-19. He was then shifted to M. R. Bangur Hospital. He developed post Covid pneumonia and was admitted to a private hospital in Kolkata. He died on 16 July, 2021.
Mamata Banerjee, Chief Minister of West Bengal, expressed her grief on the untimely demise of Rajib Ghosh in a press release. Kolkata Press Club expressed grief in its bulletin. He was married to Swarnali Ghosh. He had one son, Upanishad.
# Novotroyenka

Novotroyenka (Russian: Новотроенка) is a rural locality (a selo) in Novokalmansky Selsoviet, Ust-Kalmansky District, Altai Krai, Russia. The population was 42 as of 2013. There are 3 streets.

## Geography

Novotroyenka is located 34 km south of Ust-Kalmanka (the district's administrative centre) by road. Novokalmanka is the nearest rural locality.
# Amolops albispinus

Amolops albispinus, the white-spined cascade frog, is a species of true frog found in the Guangdong Province in China.

## Description

The diagnostic feature of this species is the white, cone-shaped spines on the lips, loreal region, and temporal region (except the tympanum), which are more pronounced in the male than the female. More generally, it is a greenish-brown frog with a bumpy surface. It has darker blotches on the back and dark bands on the legs. Ventrally, it is creamy white, except for the hindlimbs that are meat-colored. The SVL of males is 36.7–42.4 mm (1.44–1.67 in) and 43.1–51.9 mm (1.70–2.04 in) in females.

## Distribution and ecology

Amolops albispinus is found on Mt. Wutong and (rarely) Mt. Paiya (Mt. Paiya is found 30 km (19 miles) from Mt. Wutong). It has an elevation range of 60–500 m (197–1640 ft). It lives in torrents with rocky beds and nearby broad-leafed vegetation.

## Etymology

Both the common and scientific name refer to the white spines on the lips, loreal region, and temporal region of this species.
# Yury of Smolensk

Yury Svyatoslavich (Russian: Юрий Святославович) or Georgy Svyatoslavovich (Russian: Георгий Святославович; died 1407) was the prince of Smolensk and Bryansk (1386–1395; 1401–1404) whose life was spent in vain attempts to fend off aggression by the Grand Duchy of Lithuania.

## Reign

In 1386, a war broke out between Algirdas' sons, Skirgaila and Andrei of Polotsk. The latter fled from Polotsk to Smolensk and asked Yury's father for help. The armies of Smolensk and Skirgaila clashed near Mstsislaw in the Battle of the Vikhra River. After Yury's father was killed in battle and his brothers were taken prisoner, the Lithuanians approached Smolensk and allowed Yury to assume the throne on certain conditions, after exacting a sizable indemnity from him.
In 1395, while Yury was visiting his father-in-law, Oleg II of Ryazan, Grand Duke of Lithuania Vytautas the Great took Smolensk and installed his governor there. Four years later, Vytautas was routed by the Tatars in the Battle of the Vorskla River. In 1401, Yury and Oleg made use of his plight to retake Smolensk and Bryansk, where the pro-Lithuanian boyars were promptly executed.
In fall 1401, Vytautas laid siege to Smolensk but was forced to retreat after signing an armistice. Two years later, Smolensk withstood a two-week siege by Vytautas. Solicitous to preclude a new attack, Yury went to the Grand Duchy of Moscow to ask Vasily I of Moscow for help against Vytautas (who was Vasily's father-in-law). Although Yury promised to bequeath his possessions to Vasily, the Muscovite ruler hesitated to accept this proposal, until the boyars of Smolensk opened the city gates to Vytautas and surrendered Yury's capital to his old enemy in 1404. Thus Smolensk was lost to Russians for more than a century.
As Vasily was eager to accuse Yury of shortsightedness, the latter left Moscow and proceeded with his son to Novgorod, where he was treated honourably and was given an appanage of thirteen towns, including Porkhov and Tiversk. In 1406, he returned to Moscow, reconciled himself with Vasily and was sent to govern Torzhok in his name. While there, he attempted to seduce the wife of his cousin, Prince Semyon of Vyazma. When she refused his advances, Yury killed her and her husband and, afraid of the imminent punishment, fled to the Golden Horde, where he died soon thereafter, in 1407.

## Family

Yury had two daughters: Anastasia, wife of Grand Duke Švitrigaila of Lithuania, and Elena, wife of Yury of Zvenigorod (and mother of the famous Dmitry Shemyaka). He also had a son (Fyodor) who joined the Order of Saint John of Jerusalem in 1412.
# Novi Čeminac

Novi Čeminac (Hungarian: Újlaskafalu, Serbian Cyrillic: Нови Чеминац German: Neu-Laschkafeld) is a settlement in the region of Baranja, Croatia. Administratively, it is located in the Čeminac municipality within the Osijek-Baranja County. Population is 319 people.
# Bin, Iran

Bin (Persian: بين, also Romanized as Bīn) is a village in Tavabe-e Kojur Rural District, Kojur District, Nowshahr County, Mazandaran Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 41, in 11 families.
# Caroline Paulus

Caroline von Paulus (born 1 March 1959) is a French actress, fashion model and singer, better known by her stage name Bambou. She was the partner of the French singer Serge Gainsbourg from 1981 until his death in 1991. Their son Lucien 'Lulu' Gainsbourg was born in 1986.

## Biography

Paulus started her career in 1979 with the film called Enfant secret, L. Other films and TV series that she appeared in were L'Homme sandwich, La Fin de la nuit, and 74 km avec elle.
Her father was a nephew of German World War II General Friedrich Paulus and born in Vietnam.
Paulus met Gainsbourg in 1980 at L'Elysée Montmartre in Paris and was the subject of his photobook Bambou et les poupées.

## In popular culture

Paulus was a fixture in the music and fashion scene during much of the 1980s. She was portrayed by actress Mylène Jampanoï in the film Gainsbourg (Vie héroïque).
# Ashtajin

Ashtajin (Persian: اشتجين, also Romanized as Āshtajīn, Ashtāchīn, Ashtagin, and Ashtajīn; also known as Ashtākīn) is a village in Qaqazan-e Sharqi Rural District, in the Central District of Takestan County, Qazvin Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 456, in 101 families.
# Stephen I, Count of Burgundy

Stephen I (1065 – 17 May 1102), known as the Rash, was Count of Burgundy, Mâcon and Vienne from 1097 until his death.
Born into a powerful and influential family, Stephen was the son of William I, Count of Burgundy and his wife Stephanie. Stephen’s younger brother Guy of Burgundy later became Pope Callixtus II.
Stephen succeeded to the county in 1097, following the death in the First Crusade of his elder brother Reginald II. Stephen participated in the Crusade of 1101, as a commander in the army of Stephen of Blois, helping with the capture of Ancyra and fighting in the disastrous Battle of Mersivan. Stephen later died at the Battle of Ramla in 1102. He was succeeded by his eldest son, Reginald III.

## Family

Stephen was married to Beatrice of Lorraine. Beatrice and Stephen’s children were:
* Isabella, who married Hugh, Count of Champagne, who later renounced her and their son Eudes
* Reginald III, Count of Burgundy
* William III of Mâcon
* Clemence/Margaret [fr], d. 1163, who married Guigues IV of Albon, Dauphin de Viennois. They were the parents of Guigues V of Albon.
# Richard Meller

Sir Richard James Meller (1872 - 23 June 1940) was a British barrister and Conservative politician.
He was born in London, the son of Richard Meller. He was called to the bar at the Middle Temple in 1904, and became an expert in insurance law. In 1912 he was appointed by the government to the post of official lecturer on National Health Insurance. He later became secretary of the Prudential Approved Societies.
He entered politics in 1919 when he was elected to Surrey County Council, later becoming a county alderman, vice-chairman in 1939-1940 and was elected chairman of the council two months before his death.
In 1920 he was chosen as Coalition Conservative candidate for a parliamentary by-election at Dartford. He came in a poor third place when a swing against the government saw John Mills of the Labour Party take the seat.
Two years later he was again a candidate at a by-election, this time at Camberwell North. The Coalition Government in power since 1916 was beginning to unravel, and the election was a straight fight between Meller for the Conservatives and Charles Ammon of the Labour Party, neither of whom claimed to support the coalition.
Ammon was comfortably elected as public opinion turned against the coalition following the swingeing cuts of the Geddes Report.
At the ensuing 1923 general election Meller was elected as Conservative Member of Parliament for his home constituency of Mitcham. He held the seat at all subsequent elections until his death. He was knighted in 1933.
In 1937, he was named as charter mayor for the new Municipal Borough of Beddington and Wallington, which formed part of the Mitcham constituency.

## Personal life

Richard Meller married Jeanie Sibley in 1897, and they had three sons. He died at a nursing home in Sutton in June 1940, aged 67.
Parliament of the United Kingdom :
| Preceded byChuter Ede | Member of Parliament for Mitcham 1923–1940 | Succeeded byMalcolm Robertson |
# Hasan Qareh

Hasan Qareh (Persian: حسن قره, also Romanized as Ḩasan Qareh and Hasan Qarah; also known as Hasan Gara and Hasan Qara) is a village in Gol-e Cheydar Rural District, Sarshiv District, Marivan County, Kurdistan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 100, in 21 families. The village is populated by Kurds.
# Michael Wiemann

Michael Wiemann (born 9 February 1987 in Beckum) is a German former professional footballer who played as a centre-back.