OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Natil ibn Qays

Natil ibn Qays ibn Zayd al-Judhami (Arabic: ناتل بن قيس الجذامي) (died 685/86) was the chieftain of the Banu Judham tribe and a prominent tribal leader in Palestine during the reigns of caliphs Mu'awiya I and Yazid I. In 684, he revolted against the Umayyads, took control of Palestine and gave his allegiance to Caliph Abd Allah ibn al-Zubayr. He joined the latter in Mecca after pro-Zubayrid forces were routed at the Battle of Marj Rahit. He may have renewed his rebellion in Palestine in 685/86 and was slain during the hostilities.

## Life

Natil ibn Qays was a chieftain of the Banu Judham, an Arab tribe resident in Palestine, specifically its dominant clan, the Banu Sa'd. His father, Qays ibn Zayd, was a member of a delegation of Judham tribesmen to the Islamic prophet Muhammad; upon their meeting, the delegates converted to Islam and Qays was declared the chief of the Banu Sa'd. Natil is listed by the 9th-century historian al-Baladhuri as being among the Arab chiefs who assembled in Jerusalem with their respective tribesmen to give the oath of allegiance to Mu'awiya I as caliph in 660. Specifically, he is described as the leader of the Judham and Lakhm tribes of Jund Filastin (military district of Palestine). Throughout the reigns of Mu'awiya I and Yazid I, between 661 and 683, he was "evidently omnipotent in Palestine and dominated its financial administration".
After the deaths of Yazid and his son and successor Mu'awiya II in 684, the Qays tribes of northern Syria led by Zufar ibn al-Harith al-Kilabi and Homs under Nu'man ibn Bashir al-Ansari declared allegiance for the Mecca-based, anti-Umayyad caliph Abd Allah ibn al-Zubayr. In Palestine, the staunchly pro-Umayyad governor and a chieftain of the Banu Kalb, Ibn Bahdal, left to rally loyalist tribes in the Jordan district against Ibn al-Zubayr, and left Rawh ibn Zinba as his acting governor. The latter was Natil's rival for leadership of the Judham. Not long after, Natil launched a revolt, expelled Rawh and declared himself governor in allegiance with Ibn al-Zubayr.
Natil contributed troops from Palestine to support the pro-Zubayrid governor of Damascus, al-Dahhak ibn Qays al-Fihri, and the Qaysi tribes at the Battle of Marj Rahit against the Umayyad caliph Marwan I and his tribal allies, dominated by the Kalb. The pro-Zubayrid forces were routed and Natil consequently fled Palestine to seek safe haven with Ibn al-Zubayr in Mecca. According to the 9th-century historians, al-Ya'qubi and al-Mas'udi, Natil staged a revolt in Palestine against Marwan's son and successor, Abd al-Malik, though the historian Julius Wellhausen writes that this event may be erroneous. According to this account, Natil was slain in the revolt in 685/86 fighting Umayyad loyalist tribes.
# Commission of Integrity (Iraq)

The Iraqi Commission of Integrity (Arabic: هيئة النزاهة; CoI), formerly known as the Commission on Public Integrity (CPI), is an independent commission within the government of Iraq tasked with preventing and investigating corruption at all levels of the Iraqi government nationwide. It is the coordinating umbrella organization for the other two pillars (The Board of Supreme Audit and the Inspectors General) of the national strategic anti-corruption campaign. The CoI seeks to promote and advance open, honest and accountable government through public education and awareness programs allowing citizens to report corruption through anonymous means.
CoI works closely with the Inspectors General (IGs) of each Ministry and with the Board of Supreme Audit (BSA) to coordinate anti-corruption efforts. The CoI is also working with Ministry of Education officials to implement curricular materials in ethics and civics in public schools. Mohammed Ali al-Lami is the current chairman. He took office in 23 October 2024.

## History

The commission was originally created on January 31, 2004, by the Iraqi Governing Council as authorized by the Coalition Provisional Authority's order 55, and was subsequently incorporated into the 2005 Constitution of Iraq.
Judge Radhi Hamza al-Radhi was selected by U.S. Ambassador Paul Bremer as the first Commissioner from a list of three candidates chosen by the old Judicial Council. On September 6, 2007, he announced his resignation, citing political pressure from the government of Prime Minister Nuri Kamal al-Maliki and anonymous death threats, and deputy commissioner Moussa Faraj was named to replace him. Stuart Bowen, who serves as Special Inspector General for Iraq Reconstruction, was quoted as saying Radhi's departure was "a real blow to anti-corruption efforts in Iraq", and that Rahdi had asked Bowen for help in fleeing Iraq.
On October 4, 2007, al-Radhi appeared before the U.S. House Committee on Oversight and Government Reform and accused the government of Prime Minister Nuri Kamal al-Maliki of protecting corrupt employees and of actively attempting to "eradicate or control the Commission" and refusing to recognize the independence of the Commission on Public Integrity in violation of the Iraqi Constitution. The government responded by announcing they would sue al-Radhi for smuggling official documents, defaming the prime minister, and corruption. He later was granted asylum in the United States in July 2008.
On 19 October 2009, the Commission on Integrity published its annual report for the year 2008.
# Abbas Qaleh

Abbas Qaleh (Persian: عباس قلعه, also Romanized as ‘Abbās Qal‘eh; also known as Qal‘eh-ye ‘Abbās and Qal‘eh-ye ‘Abbāsī) is a village in Qara Bashlu Rural District, Chapeshlu District, Dargaz County, Razavi Khorasan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 134, in 40 families.
# Eliezer Trillinger

Eliezer ben Joseph Yospa Trillinger (Hebrew: אליעזר בן יוסף יוזפא טרילינגר, romanized: Eliʻezer ben Yosef Yozpa Ṭrilinger; fl. late 17th–early 18th centuries), also known as Eliezer Nin of Nikolsburg, was an Austrian rabbi.
The name "Trillinger" likely originates from "Wassertrüdingen," historically known to Jews as "Wassertrilling" or "Trilling." Trillinger served as av beit din in several congregations. At an advanced age he set out for the Land of Israel, but on his way he fell ill at Vilna and died there. He was the author of Mishnat Rabbi Eli'ezer, a collection of derashot on the Pentateuch, published by his son Joseph Yospa at Frankfort-on-the-Oder in 1707.
# Vicdessos

Vicdessos (French pronunciation:; Occitan: Vic de Sòs) is a former commune in the Ariège department in southwestern France. On 1 January 2019, it was merged into the new commune Val-de-Sos.

## Geography

The area of Vicdessos is about 6.01 km2 with a minimum elevation of 652 meters and a maximum elevation of 1585 meters.

### Location

This Pyrenean town lies in the Natural regional park of Pyrenées ariégoises in the Vicdessos valley, at the feet of the Montcalm mountains.
Vicdessos is 15 km from Tarascon-sur-Ariège and 95 km from Toulouse.

## Population

Inhabitants of Vicdessos are called Vicdessosiens in French.
# Jadup and Boel

Jadup and Boel (German: Jadup und Boel) is a 1980 East German drama film directed by Rainer Simon. It was entered into the 16th Moscow International Film Festival in 1989.

## Cast

* Kurt Böwe as Jadup
* Katrin Knappe as Boel Martin
* Gudrun Ritter as Barbara Jadup
* Timo Jakob as Max Jadup (as Timo Jacob)
* Käthe Reichel as Frau Martin
* Franciszek Pieczka as Willi Unger
* Heide Kipp as Frau Unger
* Michael Gwisdek as Herr Gwissen
* Rolf-Martin Kruckenberg as Leutnant Wenzel
* Christian Böwe as Der junge Jadup
* Dirk Nawrocki as Junger Wenzel
# Olly Wilson

Olly Woodrow Wilson, Jr. (September 7, 1937 – March 12, 2018) was an American composer of contemporary classical music, pianist, double bassist, and a musicologist. He was one of the most preeminent composers of African American descent in the twentieth and twenty-first centuries. He is known for developing a list of Heterogenous Sound Ideals that is widely used to dissect different aspects of music, with an emphasis on African culture. According to Wilson himself, "The essence of Africanness consists of a way of doing something, not simply something that is done" (1991). This motto is the basis of Wilson's work in the realm of ethnomusicology. He is also known for establishing the TIMARA (Technology in Music and Related Arts) program at Oberlin Conservatory, the first-ever conservatory program in electronic music.

## Biography

Wilson was born in St. Louis, Missouri, to Alma Grace Peoples Wilson, a seamstress, and Olly Woodrow Wilson, Sr., an insurance salesman and butler. He graduated with a B.M. degree from Washington University in St. Louis in 1959, and earned an M.M. degree in music composition in 1960 from the University of Illinois. His composition instructors included Robert Wykes and Philip Bezanson. He earned a Ph.D. from the University of Iowa in 1964.
Wilson taught at Florida Agricultural and Mechanical University and the Oberlin Conservatory of Music (1965-1970). He was an emeritus professor of music at the University of California, Berkeley, where he taught from 1970 to 2002 when he retired. He also served as the chairman of that university's music department between 1993 and 1997. His notable students include Neil Rolnick, Robert Greenberg, Valerie Samson and Frank La Rocca.
He was commissioned by the Chicago Symphony Orchestra, the Boston Symphony and New York Philharmonic. He was commissioned by the 1979 International Contemporary Organ Music Festival at the Hartt School of Music for his organ work Expansions, which was premiered at the festival by Donald Sutherland.
Wilson's music is published by Gunmar Music (a division of G. Schirmer). His music has been recorded on the Columbia, CRI, Desto, Turnabout, and New World labels.
Wilson died March 12, 2018, in Berkeley, California at the age of 80.

## Heterogeneous sound ideals

Olly Wilson contributed to the study of African and American music by defining heterogeneous sound ideals that involve common themes in traditional African music: such as use of aspects of sound (pitch, duration, timbre and volume), usage of physical body movement in music making, and introspection of listeners. His heterogenous sound ideals are still used today to help identify different aspects of sounds in music.

## Awards and honors

* Elected to The American Academy of Arts and Letters, 1995
* Received a Guggenheim Fellowship in 1971, which he used to live in West Africa, where he studied African music and languages.
* Received a Rome Prize, 2008
# Praskovya Bruce

Countess Praskovya Aleksandrovna Bruce (Russian: Прасковья Александровна Брюс; née Rumyantseva; 1729–1785) was a Russian lady-in-waiting and noblewoman who was a confidante of Catherine the Great.

## Life

Countess Praskovya Aleksandrovna Rumyantseva was born into the noble Rumyantsev family. She was the sister of Marshal Count Pyotr Rumyantsev and married to Count James Bruce, governor of Saint Petersburg.
She became the lady-in-waiting of Catherine soon after Catherine's arrival in Russia in 1744 and continued in that position after Catherine's elevation to the throne in 1762. Bruce was described as an attractive woman and as the "right hand" of Catherine. Bruce was called "Brussja" by Catherine, who entrusted her with her most intimate personal affairs. Catherine said that Bruce was "the person to whom I can say everything, without fear of the consequences". Bruce was described as Catherine's closest confidante in her private affairs.
Bruce is best known in history as l'éprouveuse for the role that she allegedly played in Catherine's love life. According to legend, Bruce would "test" any prospective lovers sexually before they became the lovers of Catherine after they had been suggested by Grigory Potemkin, chosen by Catherine and examined by a doctor. The same role has been attributed to Bruce's successor as lady-in-waiting, Anna Protasova. That is unconfirmed, and it is unknown how much truth there is, despite that being a well-reported story.
Bruce played an important role in developing the relationship between Catherine and Potemkin, notably as a messenger, and played that role until the relationship was consummated in 1773. Bruce was then given the task of persuading Potemkin to leave his exile and enter a relationship with Catherine.
In 1779, Catherine was directed into a room, where she witnessed her latest lover, Ivan Rimsky-Korsakov, having sex with Bruce. The person who directed her is believed to have been Aleksandra von Engelhardt, on the order of Potemkin, who wished for the removal of both Korsakov and Bruce from court. That resulted in the fall of both Korsakov and Bruce. Korsakov was sent in exile to Moscow. Bruce soon followed him, but their relationship soon ended.
She returned to her spouse and was dismissed as a lady-in-waiting and replaced by Anna Protasova (1745–1826), the cousin of Alexej Orlov, who is mentioned as l'éprouveuse in the poems of Lord Byron.

## Portrayal

Bruce was played by Gina McKee in the 2019 TV miniseries Catherine the Great.
# Lancia Augusta

The Lancia Augusta is a small passenger car produced by Italian car manufacturer Lancia between 1933 and 1936. It made its première at the 1932 Paris Motor Show. The car was powered by a 1,196 cc Lancia V4 engine.
During the 1920s, Lancia had been known as producers of sports cars and middle sized sedans: the smaller Augusta represented a departure from that tradition, and contributed to a significant growth in Lancia's unit sales during the 1930s. Nevertheless, in terms of volumes sold, the Augusta was overwhelmed by Fiat's much more aggressively priced 508 Ballila.

## Lancia Belna

Lancia started its French operations on 1 October 1931. At its first factory outside of Italy, at Bonneuil-sur-Marne, Lancia built the Augusta and later Aprilia models, although named them Belna and Ardennes. Approximately 3,000 Augusta/Belna and 1,500 Aprilia/Ardennes were built.
Of the approximately 3,000 Belnas built between 1934 and 1938, 2,500 were saloons and 500 bare chassis.
Georges Paulin had invented the retractable hardtop and had shown his designs to French coachbuilder Marcel Pourtout. Carrosserie Pourtout built several bodies based on the French-built Lancia Belna.
| Lancia Belna cabriolet 1935 Pourtout | Lancia Belna roadster Pourtout | 1934 Lancia Belna "Eclipse" coupé-convertible Pourtout |
# Methoxamine

Methoxamine, sold under the brand names Vasoxine, Vasoxyl, and Vasylox among others, is a sympathomimetic medication used as an antihypotensive agent. It has mostly or entirely been discontinued.
The drug is an α$_1$-adrenergic receptor agonist.

## Medical uses

The long duration of action of methoxamine has been said to have rendered it obsolete in modern clinical practice.

## Pharmacology

Methoxamine is an α$_1$-adrenergic receptor agonist. It is described as a long-acting α$_1$-adrenergic receptor agonist and this is contrasted with phenylephrine which is said to be short-acting. Phenylephrine is 5 to 10 times more potent than methoxamine and has a 3-fold higher maximal effect.

## Chemistry

Methoxamine, also known as 2,6-dimethoxy-β-hydroxy-α-methylphenethylamine or as 2,6-dimethoxy-β-hydroxyamphetamine, is a substituted phenethylamine and amphetamine derivative.
It is somewhat similar in chemical structure to those of desglymidodrine (3,6-dimethoxy-β-hydroxyphenethylamine), dimetofrine (3,5-dimethoxy-4,β-dihydroxy-N-methylphenethylamine), 2,5-dimethoxyamphetamine (2,5-DMA), and butaxamine ((1S,2S)-3,6-dimethoxy-β-hydroxy-N-tert-butylamphetamine).

## History

Methoxamine was synthesized by 1944. It was marketed in the United States by 1949.

## Society and culture
### Names

Methoxamine is the generic name of the drug and its INNTooltip International Nonproprietary Name and BANTooltip British Approved Name, while méthoxamine is its DCFTooltip Dénomination Commune Française and methoxamina is its DCITTooltip Denominazione Comune Italiana. In the case of the hydrochloride salt, its generic name is methoxamine hydrochloride and this is its USANTooltip United States Adopted Name, BANMTooltip British Approved Name, and JANTooltip Japanese Accepted Name. A synonym of methoxamine is methoxamedrine. The drug has been sold under brand names including Idasal, Mexan, Pressomin, Vasosterol, Vasoxine, Vasoxyl, and Vasylox.

### Availability

Methoxamine has been marketed in Canada, the Czech Republic, Ireland, Japan, Spain, the United Kingdom, and the United States and was available in these countries in 2000. However, it was discontinued in Canada and the United Kingdom by 2004. It has also been discontinued in the United States. By 2016, methoxamine appeared to remain available only in Japan.
# Doumely Castle

Doumely Castle (French: Château de Doumely) is a 15th-century fortified castle that dominates the countryside of Porcien, situated in the commune of Doumely-Bégny in the Ardennes département of France.
The castle was fully restored at the end of the 20th century by its current owner, who had acquired the castle in complete ruins. The structure bears witness to the transformations that successive occupants have made to the castle: filling of the ditches, openings in the façade, destruction of internal levels, etc.
The Château de Doumely has been listed as a monument historique by the French Ministry of Culture since 1984.

## Architecture

The castle is characterised by its four teardrop-shaped defensive towers, that once overlooked a moat filled with water.
The association Les Amis du Château de Doumely (Friends of the Château de Doumely) organises tours to the monument and gives seminars on the topic of life in the middle-ages.
# National Bangla High School

National Bangla High School (Bengali: বাংলায়ঃ ন্যাশনাল বাংলা হাই স্কুল) is a secondary school located in Mirpur-2, Dhaka, Bangladesh. Founded in 1966, the school was originally an Urdu medium one.

## Alumni

* Aslamul Haque was the member of parliament for Dhaka-14 from 2009 to 2021.
* Elias Uddin Mollah was elected to parliament for Dhaka-16 in 2008.
# Eschlikon railway station

Eschlikon railway station (German: Bahnhof Eschlikon) is a railway station in the municipality of Eschlikon, in the Swiss canton of Thurgau. It is an intermediate stop on the standard gauge St. Gallen–Winterthur line of Swiss Federal Railways.

## Services

The following services stop at Eschlikon:
* Zürich S-Bahn: S12/S35: half-hourly service between Winterthur and Wil; the S12 continues from Winterthur to Brugg AG.
# Cemetery of Notre-Dame, Versailles

The Cemetery of Notre-Dame, Versailles (French: Cimetière Notre-Dame), is a cemetery in Versailles, Yvelines, France, near the Palace of Versailles. It was established by the church and parish of Notre-Dame in 1777, and covers three hectares. The postal address is 15 Rue des Missionnaires.
Besides quantities of burials of aristocrats, members of religious orders and people of artistic or historic interest, there is also an enclosed section for soldiers of the Prussian army who fell during the Franco-Prussian War of 1870–71.

## Notable burials

* fr:Félix Antoine Appert (1817–1891), general
* fr:Jean-François Chiappe (1931–2001), historian
* Jeanne Potot de Commarmond (1779–1866), second wife of André-Marie Ampère
* Cimetière Notre-Dame de Versailles - EntréeÉmile Deschamps (1791–1871), poet (his tomb is anonymous, with only the inscription: Ci-gît un poète - "Here lies a poet")
* Louis-Édouard Dubufe (1819–1883), painter, brother-in-law of Gounod
* Jules Favre (1809–1880), lawyer, Minister of Foreign Affairs under the Third Republic
* André François-Poncet (1887–1978), ambassador, Academician
* Baron Étienne Hastrel de Rivedoux (1766–1846), general of the Empire, governor of Hamburg
* fr:Gustave Heuzé (1816–1907), agronomist
* Marcelle Lanchon (1891–1933), a religious who received visions of the Blessed Virgin Mary
* Jeanne-Marie (1875–1947) and Frédéric Petitjean de La Rosière (1876–1949), authors of sentimental popular novels under the joint pen name of Delly
* fr:Frédéric Nepveu (1777–1862), one of the architects of the Palace of Versailles
* Michel Peter (1824–1893), member of the Académie de Médecine
* Andrés de Santa Cruz (1792–1865), president of Peru and of Bolivia (his ashes were repatriated to Bolivia in 1965).
# Lake Aux Mouches

Lake Aux Mouches (French: Lac aux Mouches: Fly Lake) is a lake in the Côte-Nord region of the province of Quebec, Canada.

## Location

Lake Aux Mouches is in the unorganized territory of Lac-Walker in Sept-Rivières Regional County Municipality, Quebec. The lake is elongated, about 3.2 kilometres (2.0 mi) from north to south and 0.9 kilometres (0.56 mi) from east to west at its widest point. The surface elevation is 563 metres (1,847 ft). As of November 2021 the Commission de toponymie du Québec had not determined the origin or meaning of the name.

## Hydrology

The Schmon River has its source in Lac au Vent and Lac aux Mouches. It flows south for almost 90 kilometres (56 mi) to Lake Walker. Lac au Vent has outlets to Lac a la Pluie and Lac aux Mouches. From Lac aux Mouches the river flows south through Lac Flambeau and Lac Schmon, then onwards to the Gulf of St. Lawrence. There are rapids in the river immediately below its exit from the lake.
# Aung Naing Oo

Aung Naing Oo (Burmese: အောင်နိုင်ဦး; born 13 October 1962 in Kyauksein Khamti) is the current Union Minister of Commerce of Myanmar. He also served as Union Minister of Investment and Foreign Economic Relations from 1 February 2021 to 19 August 2022. He is a former military officer, and transitioned into the civil service in 2000, serving in key trade and commerce posts.

## Career

Aung Naing Oo has a Bachelor of Arts degree. He served in the Myanmar Armed Forces from 1981 to 2000. He transitioned into Myanmar's Ministry of Commerce, serving as a deputy general manager of Myanmar Agricultural Produce Trading between 2000 and 2005. He served as a deputy director general at several agencies within the Ministry, including the Minister's Office from 2006 to 2010, the Department of Border Trade between 2010 and 2011, and the Directorate of Investment and Company Administration (DICA) from May 2011 to 2012.
Between 2012 and 2019, he was promoted as DICA's director-general. He transferred to the Office of Union Investment and Foreign Economic Relations as its director-general on 29 March 2019. He was concurrently appointed as the permanent secretary of the Ministry in April 2019.
In the aftermath of the military-led 2021 Myanmar coup d'état, the Myanmar Armed Forces appointed Aung Naing Oo as the Minister for Investment and Foreign Economic Relations on 1 February 2021.On 19 August 2022, he was moved to Ministry of Commerce.
Under SAC Order 38/2024, Aung Naing Oo was permitted to resign from his position as Union Minister of the State Administration Council Chairman's Office Ministry 3 on 27 May 2024.

## Personal life

Aung Naing Oo is married and has two daughters, including Zezawar “Rachel” Aung Naing Oo.
# Iranian Earthquake Engineering Association

The Iranian Earthquake Engineering Association (IEEA) is an organization established in 1993 under the auspices of the Iranian Scientific Associations commissions. It seeks to promote, expand, and improve Iranian research, training, and education in the fields of earthquake engineering and seismology. The IEEA's membership comprises more than 900 researchers, practicing professionals, educators, government officials, and building code regulators. The IEEA's main activity has concentrated on the training of engineers in the retrofitting of structures, publishing the newsletter, and giving lectures.