OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Jera, Iran

Jera (Persian: جرا) (also Romanized as 'Jerā') is a village in Qolqol Rud Rural District, Qolqol Rud District, Tuyserkan County, Hamadan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 998, in 229 families.
# Wilkieston

Wilkieston is a small village in West Lothian, Scotland. It is located on the A71 road, 0.93 miles (1.5 km) north of Kirknewton, 1.2 miles (2 km) south-west of Ratho and 6.2 miles (10 km) east of Livingston.
To the north-west of the village is Bonnington House, a 19th-century country house.
To the north-east of the village are the remains of Hatton House, medieval home of the Lauder family, which was demolished in 1955.
Linburn Park was a country house and estate in Wilkeston, located to the south of the village that was demolished in 1955. The estate is now home to the Linburn Centre, which is run by charity Scottish War Blinded. The centre provides assistance to adults who have been members of the armed forces and now have a visual impairment.
Military Museum Scotland is a military history museum in Wilkieston that covers Scottish military history from the First World War to the present day.
# Pasilio Tosi

Viliami Pasilio Tosi (born 18 July 1998) is a New Zealand rugby union player who plays as a Prop for the Hurricanes in Super Rugby and Bay of Plenty in the Bunnings NPC. Tosi previously played as a loose forward before transitioning to prop.

## International career

On 24 June 2024, Tosi was named in the first All Blacks squad of the year for the 2024 Steinlager Ultra Low Carb Series. On 20 July 2024, he made his debut for New Zealand coming off the bench against Fiji.

## Reference list

* ↑ "Pasi Tosi". Ultimate Rugby. Retrieved 15 January 2020.
* ↑ "ALL BLACKS SQUAD NAMED FOR STEINLAGER ULTRA LOW CARB SERIES". All Blacks. Retrieved 25 June 2024.
# Shahsavari, East Azerbaijan

Shahsavari (Persian: شهسواري, also Romanized as Shahsavārī; also known as Shahsavār, Shāhsuvār, and Shakhsuvar) is a village in Bedevostan-e Gharbi Rural District, Khvajeh District, Heris County, East Azerbaijan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 467, in 106 families.
# Jean-Delphin Alard

Jean-Delphin Alard (8 March 1815 – 22 February 1888) was a French violinist, composer, and teacher. He was the son-in-law of Jean-Baptiste Vuillaume, and had Pablo de Sarasate amongst his students.

## Biography

Alard was born in Bayonne, the son of an amateur violinist. From 1827 he was a pupil of F. A. Habeneck at the Paris Conservatoire, where he succeeded Pierre Baillot as professor in 1843, retaining the post till 1875. He was also a pupil of François-Joseph Fétis.
His playing was full of fire and point, and his compositions had a great success in France, while his violin school had a wider vogue and considerably greater value. He was a representative of the modern French school of violin playing, composed nocturnes, duets, études, etc., for the violin, and was the author of an Ecole du violon, which was adopted by the Conservatoire. Mention should also be made of his edition in 40 parts of a selection of violin compositions by the most eminent masters of the 18th century, Les Maitres classiques du violon (Schott). Alard died in Paris.
# Bagthorpe, Norfolk

Bagthorpe is a village and former civil parish, now in the parish of Bagthorpe with Barmer, in the King's Lynn and West Norfolk district, in the county of in Norfolk, England. In 1931 the parish had a population of 68. On 1 April 1935 the parish was abolished to form "Bagthorpe with Barmer".
The name of the village derives from 'Bakki's/Bak's outlying farm/settlement' or 'Bacca's outlying farm/settlement'. Although this is uncertain.
# Shana Woods

Shana Woods (born July 7, 1988 in Bellflower, California) is an American track and field athlete. She holds the current national high school record in the multiple event heptathlon, which she set while attending Long Beach Polytechnic High School in Long Beach, California. She has exhibited proficiency in a variety of events. While still a sophomore at Long Beach Poly, she joined her teammates, including senior Shalonda Solomon in setting national high school records in the 4 × 400 metres relay, 4 × 200 metres relay and indoor 4 × 400 metres relay. All those records still stand. The indoor record also counts as the current U.S. Junior record.
At the 2004 CIF California State Meet, sophomore Woods won the individual Long Jump and including running on the relay accounted for 32 points as her team won the State Championship. As a senior in 2006, she won the 100 meters hurdles and 300 meter hurdles along with anchoring Poly to three relay wins at the Arcadia Invitational. At the state meet, Poly was beaten by crosstown rival Wilson.
After setting her heptathlon record of 5,533 points at the 2006 USATF Junior Championships, she was chosen to represent the USA at the 2006 World Junior Championships in Athletics and the 2007 Pan American Junior Athletics Championships, where she earned the silver medal. She continued her education at the University of Southern California, majoring in Political Science.
# Open Window Institute

Open Window is an accredited private higher education provider. It was established in 1993 as an art school. It has since expanded into an institute offering three accredited bachelor's degrees and postgraduate degrees.
Open Window provides dynamic practice-led higher education integrating conceptual thinking and academic rigour in applied arts. Its approach is multi-disciplinary, with the following subject choices:
* Communication Design
* Illustration
* Photography
* User Experience Design
* Interactive Development
* Product (Industrial) Design
* Film & Television
* Screen Acting
* Screen Writing
* Production Design
* Motion Design
* Sound Design
* 3D Animation & Game Design.
Students are high school students, gap-year students, graduates, corporates, professionals and others.

## Qualifications
### Bachelor of Arts Honours in Visual Communication NQF 8

A four-year Honours degrees includes a mix of practical work, critical and creative thinking, as well as research.
All qualifications are accredited by the Council on Higher Education (CHE) and are registered with the South African Qualifications Authority (SAQA).

### Postgraduate Diploma in Creative Practice NQF 8

The Open Window’s Postgraduate Diploma in Creative Practice is offered at NQF level 8 and consists of 120 credits in total.
The degree's methodology is practice-led and practice-focused and comprises both practical and theoretical components that are examinable.

### Bachelor of Film Arts NQF 7

This includes the following majors:
* Film & Television
* Sound Design
* Motion Design
* 3D Animation
* Game Design
* Production Design
* Screen Acting
* Screenwriting

### Bachelor of Creative Technologies NQF 7

This includes the following majors:
* User Experience Design
* Interaction Development
* Industrial Design

### Bachelor of Arts in Visual Communication Design NQF 7

This includes the following majors:
* Communication Design
* Illustration
* Photography
# SFZ (file format)

SFZ is a plain text file format that stores instrument data for sampled instruments. The SFZ format was developed by René Ceballos (founder of rgc:audio software) and continues to be used by companies such as Cakewalk, Plogue and Garritan. SFZ is a royalty-free format and can be used by software developers for both free and commercial purposes. The SFZ Format is widely accepted as an open standard to define the behavior of a musical instrument from a bare set of sound recordings.
Similar file formats are the open Decent Sampler format (.dspreset) and the proprietary format used by Native Instruments Kontakt (.nki, .nkm).
A simple example of an SFZ file:
The SFZ format isn't maintained by a single company or group, and supported features can vary between individual synthesizers. The official page at the Cakewalk web-site is no longer available, however descriptions of the SFZ opcodes can be found on various websites.
Applications exist that provide a point-and-click GUI for creating SFZ files, as an alternative to editing the text directly.
# Abu ol Khiri

Abu ol Khiri (Persian: ابوالخيري, also Romanized as Ābū ol Khīrī) is a village in Qaen Rural District, in the Central District of Qaen County, South Khorasan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 38, in 11 families.
# Günther Krauss

Günther Krauss (born 17 December 1940) is a German field hockey player. He competed in the men's tournament at the 1968 Summer Olympics.
# Hurwitz determinant

In mathematics, Hurwitz determinants were introduced by Adolf Hurwitz (1895), who used them to give a criterion for all roots of a polynomial to have negative real part.

## Definition

Consider a characteristic polynomial P in the variable λ of the form:
    $P(\lambda )=a_{0}\lambda ^{n}+a_{1}\lambda ^{n-1}+\cdots +a_{n-1}\lambda +a_{n}$
where $a_{i}$, $i=0,1,\ldots ,n$, are real.
The square Hurwitz matrix associated to P is given below:
    $H={\begin{pmatrix}a_{1}&a_{3}&a_{5}&\dots &\dots &\dots &0&0&0\\a_{0}&a_{2}&a_{4}&&&&\vdots &\vdots &\vdots \\0&a_{1}&a_{3}&&&&\vdots &\vdots &\vdots \\\vdots &a_{0}&a_{2}&\ddots &&&0&\vdots &\vdots \\\vdots &0&a_{1}&&\ddots &&a_{n}&\vdots &\vdots \\\vdots &\vdots &a_{0}&&&\ddots &a_{n-1}&0&\vdots \\\vdots &\vdots &0&&&&a_{n-2}&a_{n}&\vdots \\\vdots &\vdots &\vdots &&&&a_{n-3}&a_{n-1}&0\\0&0&0&\dots &\dots &\dots &a_{n-4}&a_{n-2}&a_{n}\end{pmatrix}}.$
The i-th Hurwitz determinant is the i-th leading principal minor (minor is a determinant) of the above Hurwitz matrix H. There are n Hurwitz determinants for a characteristic polynomial of degree n.
# Karunasena Kodituwakku

Karunasena Kodituwakku (born March 21, 1945) is a Sri Lankan politician, academic and diplomat. He was educated at St. Servatius' College, Matara. He was the Sri Lankan ambassador to China, and non-resident ambassador to Mongolia and North Korea. He was the former Sri Lankan Cabinet Minister of Education, Human Resources Development and Cultural Affairs and the third governor of the North Western Province of Sri Lanka. He also served as the vice chancellor of University of Sri Jayewardenepura and Sri Lankan ambassador to Japan and Republic of Korea.

## Early life and education

Kodituwakku received his higher education at the University of Kelaniya, where he gained a BA (Hons) degree in economics in 1968. He received his MA degree in economics from the University of New England (Australia) on a Colombo Plan scholarship, and his doctorate (D.Litt.) from the University of Sri Jayewardenepura.

## Academic career

Between 1968 and 1991, he served as a senior lecturer in economics at the University of Sri Jayewardenepura. In 1978 he was seconded to the Ministry of Youth Affairs and Employment as a planning director with the responsibility for the introduction of the graduate placement scheme to help ease high unemployment among graduates in the 1970s. In 1983 he was appointed by the then-Sri Lankan president, J.R. Jayawardena, as the competent authority of the university when the incumbent Vice Chancellor resigned his post, and July that year he was appointed its Vice Chancellor which he held till April 1988. Post-graduate Management Institute (PIM), post graduate studies on forestry department, medical faculty and the library complex were started during his time as the VC. In 1986 he became the President of the University Vice-Chancellors' Federation and was elected an Executive member of the London -based Association of Commonwealth Universities.

## Diplomatic career

In 1988 Kodituwakku left Sri Lanka to serve as the ambassador of Sri Lanka in Japan (1988–1989) and South Korea (1989–1991).
In 2015, Kodituwakku was appointed the Sri Lankan ambassador to China. He is also the Non-resident Ambassador to Mongolia and North Korea.

## Political career

After his return to Sri Lanka, he became the 3rd Governor of the Northwestern Province in 1993.
Kodituwakku resigned from this position in 1994 to run for Parliament of Sri Lanka from the United National Party (UNP) and was elected as a Member of Parliament representing Colombo District in the 1994 Parliamentary Elections and re-elected in the subsequent 2000 Parliamentary Elections.
The 2001 Parliamentary Elections victory of the UNP saw him appointed to the Cabinet as the Cabinet Minister of Education, Human Resources Development, and Cultural Affairs.
Kodituwakku was nominated as Sri Lanka's candidate to the UNESCO Executive Board in 2003. He was elected as the Asia-Pacific Representative to the UNESCO Executive Board for 2003-2007, recording the highest number and a record number of votes in the election held at UNESCO Headquarters in Paris, France.
# Yoram Bilu

Yoram Bilu (Hebrew: יורם בילו; born March 6, 1942) is an Israeli professor emeritus of anthropology and psychology at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem and Member of the Israeli Academy of Sciences and Humanities.
He is known for his work on folk religion (messianism, saint worship); the interaction between culture and mental health; the sanctification of space in Israel; and the religious and cultural practices of Moroccan Jews. He is recipient of 2013 the Israel Prize in sociology and anthropology. He is a member of the Israel Academy of Sciences and Humanities.
From 2003 to 2004 he held a fellowship at the Katz Center for Advanced Judaic Studies. He has also been a member of the Israeli Society and of the American Association of Anthropology and serves as a member of the following scientific journals: Transcultural Psychiatry, Anthropology and Medicine, Contemporary Jewry.
# Meir of Norwich

Meir ben Elijah of Norwich (Hebrew: מאיר בן אליהו מנורגיץ, romanized: Meïr ben Eliyahu mi-Norgits; fl. 13th century), also known as Meir of England, was a mediaeval English Jewish poet. He is acknowledged as the "chief representative of the poetic art among the Jews of medieval England."
Little is known of his life, but some scholars have speculated that he was among the Jews expelled from England in 1290. It is possible that Meir was a son of Elias Levesque.
One long elegiac poem and fifteen smaller ones by him are found in a Vatican manuscript, from which they were published by Abraham Berliner in 1887. Among them is the liturgical poem Oyevi bim’eirah tikkov ('Put a Curse on My Enemy'), decrying the persecution suffered by English Jews. His work shows the influence of both Ashkenazic and Sephardic piyyutim.
# When Night Falls (1985 film)

When Night Falls (Alternative title: Into the Night; Hebrew: Ad Sof Halayla) is a 1985 Israeli drama film written and directed by Eitan Green. The film was selected as the Israeli entry for Best Foreign Language Film at the 58th Academy Awards but was not accepted as a nominee.

## Plot

Giora (Assi Dayan) runs a bar and dreams of opening a restaurant. He has made a mess of his life — his marriage is in trouble since he is pathologically cheating on his wife; his parents (Yosef Millo and Orna Porat) have separated; and his father arrives for an extended visit from Nahariya. Giora spends time with his army buddies, recalling their experiences during the War in Lebanon. His father is undergoing a major life crisis and finds both the loneliness of the city and his son's lifestyle unappealing. As a non-Jew in a Jewish society, he feels estranged, an outsider who has never been able to adapt, and contemplates suicide. Eventually, Giora's parents decide to attempt a reconciliation until tragedy strikes.

## Cast

* Assi Dayan as Giora
* Yosef Millo as Bernard
* Orna Porat as Ruth
* Dani Roth as Dudi
* Haya Pik-Pardo as Sheri
* Lasha Rosenberg as Karen
# Reichenbach Tower (Görlitz)

The Reichenbach Tower (German: Reichenbacher Turm, pronounced) probably built in the 13th century and first mentioned in 1376 is the western part of the historic fortification of Görlitz. With a height of 51m it is the tallest of the three fortified towers in Görlitz. (the other two being Thick Tower and Nikolai Tower).

## History

Probably the history of the tower dates back to the 13th century, when the Upper Market (Obermarkt) was laid out. The tower was first mentioned in 1376. Above the cubic lower part an octagon with a monopitch roof was put on. It merges into a cylindrical upper tower. The tower is crowned by circular battlements with Lombard band and the hood.
The circular battlements on top of the tower and a wooden hood were added in 1485. The Reichenbach Tower was connected in 1521 with the Kaisertrutz (another fortified tower erected in 1490) by two walls. The late wooden gothic tower hood had been replaced in 1782 by a baroque copper hood. The gateway and the connecting walls were demolished in 1862 and shortly after a pedestrian passage was built through the tower.
The last tower guard left in 1904 and the bells ring electric since then. Due to severe damage, the tower was extensively restored from 1935. During the restoration work in 1936, eight steel anchors were inserted into the lower part of the tower, which were hidden behind twelve colored coats of arms made by the painter Arno Henschel from Görlitz. The upper six crests show the states Görlitz belonged to in the past: Holy Roman Empire, Bohemia, Brandenburg, Prussia, Silesia and finally Saxony. The lower six crest show the city emblems of members of Lusatian League.
With no military usages after World War II the tower is now used as a viewing tower and is part of a historico-cultural museum (Görlitzer Sammlungen)
* View from the Upper Market
* Kaisertrutz and Reichenbach Tower
* Reichenbach Tower in 1959
# Jens Isak de Lange Kobro

Jens Isak de Lange Kobro (20 August 1882 – 14 May 1967) was a Norwegian politician for the Liberal Party. He was Minister of Defence 1933–1935.
# Autonomous Socialist Party (France)

The Autonomous Socialist Party (French: Parti socialiste autonome, PSA) was a splinter party from the French Section of the Workers' International (SFIO). It was founded in September 1958 in reaction against the SFIO stance on the Algerian War and its acceptance of the Gaullist May 1958 putsch. Half a dozen SFIO members of the French National Assembly and local elected officials joined the splinter party, as well as members from the (centrist) Radical Party, most notably Pierre Mendès France, former Prime Minister. None of the PSA deputies were reelected at the November 1958 legislative election. The PSA merged into the Unified Socialist Party in 1960 as one of its founding organisations.

## Members

* Édouard Depreux (general secretary, member of the National Assembly)
* Alain Savary (deputy general secretary, member of the National Assembly)
* Robert Verdier (deputy general secretary, member of the National Assembly)
* Raoul Bleuse
* Daniel Mayer
* Pierre Mendès France

## Sources

* ↑ Bernard Ravenel, Quand la gauche se réinventait: Le PSU, histoire d'un parti visionnaire, 1960-1989, La Découverte, 2016 (more particularly the chapter 'La longue gestation du PSU', p.34) ISBN 9782707190307
* France portal
* Politics portal
* This article about a political party in France is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
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# Punnaram Cholli Cholli

Punnaram Cholli Cholli is a 1985 Indian Malayalam-language romantic drama film directed by Priyadarshan and written by Sreenivasan from a story by Priyadarshan. Starring Shankar and Rahman. The film was a commercial success at the box office.

## Plot

Biju is a motherless boy from a rich family. He studies in Ooty in a boarding school and spends his vacations in his father's ancestral village. His father, a busy lawyer has no time for him or his vast property. The property is looked after by Krishnankutty Nair and his assistant, Shivaraman. The duo live off the property selling the produce on the sly because Biju is too innocent to notice anything.
Vinodini, the niece of the local baker Peethambharan reaches the village to join for duty at the local bank. Biju saves her from reaching her uncle's house via a long route suggested by Shivaraman and Krishnankutty Nair. Vinodini considers Biju her younger brother and the lonely Biju becomes good friends with her.
The conniving duo, Shivaraman and Krishnankutty Nair, mislead Biju into believing that Vinodini is in love with him and desires him as her husband. They want the boy out of their way so that they can pilfer from the farm without having to look out for him. The innocent boy falls for their story. This leads to misunderstandings, disappointment, jealousy and the duo further goad him to take revenge for a perceived rejection which leads to a terrible tragedy.

## Cast

* Rahman as Biju
* Zarina Wahab as Vinodini
* Shankar as Aravind
* Sreenivasan as Rameshan
* Innocent as Peethambharan
* Bharath Gopi as Krishnankutty Nair
* Nedumudi Venu as Shivaraman
* Lissy
* C. I. Paul
* Sukumari

## Songs

The movie had four songs composed by Jerry Amaldev and written by O. N. V. Kurup
* "Arayarayo Kinginiyo" - K. S. Chithra
* "Atha Poovum Nulli" - K. J. Yesudas, K. S. Chithra
* "Neerkili Neenthi Vaa" - K. S. Chithra
* "Vaa Kuruvi Inakkuruvi" - M. G. Sreekumar, K. S. Chithra

## Reception

Punnaram Cholli Cholli was distributed by Dinny Films and was a commercial success at the box office.
# Palacio Veneciano

The Venetian Palace (Spanish: Palacio Veneciano), also known as the Casa Concha or Casa Concha Astete, was a palace in the historic centre of Lima District. The building, inspired by the Doge's Palace of Venice and located in the vicinity of the Puente de Piedra and the Government Palace, was ultimately demolished by the military government of Manuel A. Odría.

## History

The Neoclassical palace was built during the 19th century in what was then Polvos Azules street (Spanish: Calle de los Polvos Azules), the property of the Vega del Ren noble family. The owner of the property also owned more land across the Rímac river.
The building's Venetian-inspired posterior façade, which faced the river, was part of the Port of Lima, a project that intended to channelise the river in a similar fashion to the Italian city's waterways. The project was ultimately abandoned.
An underground tunnel that was part of the property passed under the river, ending in a house among the street, where a large amount of gold coins were found by its owner, a man with the last name of Barbieri, who hid his treasure by claiming to have found success in the oil industry. Mr. Barbieri later bought and restored a property owned by the Villar de la Fuente countship located in Piedra St. which later served as the headquarters of the Board of Lima (Spanish: Patronato de Lima).
News of the treasure reached the military government of the time, who unsuccessfully intimidated the owner of both properties into demolishing the property. As a result, he was jailed under conspiracy charges it was expropriated and what was left of the treasure looted. The building's demolition was realised under the pretext that the area would serve as a promenade next to the river. However, such plans did not take place, and the area served first as a parking lot and later as a street market.
The area in which the building was once located is now the Alameda Chabuca Granda.
# Emirates Authority for Standardization and Metrology

Emirates Authority for Standardization and Metrology (ESMA) was the national standards regulatory body of the United Arab Emirates. Established in 2001 by the Federal Law No. 28, the agency was tasked with exercising responsibilities by unifying the country's management, supervision and coordination of standards, regulations, and quality control through providing standards, metrology, conformity assessment and accreditation services in accordance with international requirements and practices. It was merged with the newly created Ministry of Industry and Advanced Technology following the cabinet-shakeup of July 2020 in the aftermath the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic.
# Sızır

Sızır is a town (belde) in the Gemerek District, Sivas Province, Turkey. Its population is 3,081 (2022).
# Nasr ol Din

Nasr ol Din (Persian: نصرالدين, also Romanized as Naşr ol Dīn and Naşr od Dīn; also known as Nasradi, Nasreddin, and Nasredī) is a village in Gazik Rural District, Gazik District, Darmian County, South Khorasan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 546, in 119 families.