OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Graph of desire

The graph of desire (French: graphe du désir) is a conceptual tool in Lacanianism.

## History

Lacan devised numerous quasi-mathematical diagrams to represent the structure of the unconscious and its points of contact with empirical and mental reality. He adapted figures from the field of topology in order to represent the Freudian view of the mind as embodying a "double inscription" (which could be defined as the ultimate inseparability of unconscious motivations from conscious ones).

## Graph

The graph of desire was first proposed in a 1960 colloquium, and was later published in the Ecrits. It depends on ideas developed originally in Lacan's Schema R, a graph in which fundamental organising structures of the human mind are shown in a schematic relationship to the domains or "orders" which in turn structure human reality: the Imaginary, the Symbolic and the Real.
The graph of desire is a "flattened" representation of a signifying chain as it crosses a pathway Lacan called a vector of desire. It appears as two curved lines which cross one another at two separate points. Each line has a symbolic meaning.

### Elements of the graph

The signifying chain begins in a linguistic sign (S) and progresses to a signification (S'), or a linguistic meaning. It can be expressed sententially and has a duration.
The vector of desire is a representation of the volition and will of the split or barred subject ($). Unlike the signifying chain, the vector of desire is expressed metaphorically, and has no duration.
It is necessary to bear in mind the special conception of the subject Lacan means by the $ symbol. The barred subject is the internally conflicted result of the processes of individuation that begin in infancy. In Lacan's account of individuation, the infant must respond to the loss of symbiosis with the mother by creating a symbol of this lack. In doing so the infant is constrained by the always-already present structures of a natural language. There is a certain relief in the summoning of a symbolically present "mother", but the experience of the mother who returns to the infant as someone-signified-by-the-word-"mother" is nevertheless one of absolute, irremediable loss. Mother—and the world—is now mediated by the Symbolic order and the exigencies of language.
With this in mind, the crossing of the two pathways in the graph of desire can be understood to connote interference and constraint. Desire for the primordial object is not fulfilled except through the constraints of the signifying chain. The vector of desire is metaphorical, substituting various objects for the absolutely lost primordial one, and irrupting into language without regard for the passage of time, or for the particular human relationship through which the vector moves.
Finally, the points at which the vector of desire and the signifying chain cross can be seen as instances of Freudian double inscription. The "conscious and unconscious" significance of an act or utterance are one and the same, and each constrains the other.
# Aristophilus

Aristophilus (Ancient Greek: Ἀριστόφιλος) was an ancient Greek pharmakopōlēs, an ancient occupation that today would probably be translated as "druggist", "remedy seller", or "apothecary".
He was from Plataea in Boeotia, and lived probably around the fourth century BCE. He is mentioned by Theophrastus as possessing the knowledge of certain anaphrodisiac medicines, which he made use of either for the punishment or reformation of his slaves.
Scholar Suzanne Amigues suggested that this Aristophilus was the same person as the pharmakopōlēs named "Aristobulus" described by Aeschines in his Against Ctesiphon, father of the youth Aristion of Plataea who lived for a time in the house of the statesman Demosthenes.
# Alvorada (film)

Alvorada - Brazil's Changing Face (German: Alvorada – Aufbruch in Brasilien, lit. 'Alvorada – departure in Brazil') is a 1962 West German documentary film directed by Hugo Niebeling. It was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Documentary Feature and was entered in the 1963 Cannes Film Festival.

## Overview

The film offers an overview of Brazil, from the history of the country to the most recent developments at the time of its making - including industrialization and the new capital Brasília. It starts with an overview of the country itself and its history, and then proceeds to the social structure and social changes brought by industrialization and other developments in recent years.

## Style

The film follows neither the camera and editing conventions of documentary films of the early 1960s nor their narrative style. Instead, it uses experimental camera and editing techniques, often set to different kinds of music and electronic sounds by Oskar Sala. The voice-over-narration (provided by Hugo Niebeling himself) only occasionally tells the viewer details about what they are seeing, often letting impressions speak for themselves. According to Hugo Niebeling, due to its tight connection of music and visual style, Alvorada is also his first "music film".

## Reception

* Melbourne International Film Festival: "A film that does not attempt to give a reasoned, historical or geographical account, but reproduces the visual and emotional impact on a sensitive mind. No technique, no angle, no method of camera transport has been left unexplored, (...) an exciting and beautiful kaleidoscope of images."

## Awards

* 1962: Oscar Nomination in the Category: "Documentary Feature". (Feature)
* 1963: Bundesfilmpreis - Filmband in Gold: Best Director (Hugo Niebeling)
* 1963: Bundesfilmpreis - Filmband in Gold: Best feature-length cultural- and documentary-film (Mannesmann AG)
* 1963: Cannes Film Festival - Official Selection
* 1964: Melbourne International Film Festival - Official Selection
# Starkovo, Gus-Khrustalny District, Vladimir Oblast

Starkovo (Russian: Старково) is a rural locality (a village) in Demidovskoye Rural Settlement, Gus-Khrustalny District, Vladimir Oblast, Russia. The population was 45 as of 2010.

## Geography

Starkovo is located 45 km southwest of Gus-Khrustalny (the district's administrative centre) by road. Ovintsy is the nearest rural locality.
# Nyakagunda River

The Nyakagunda River (French: Rivière Nyakagunda) is a river in Cibitoke Province, Burundi. It is a tributary of the Ruzizi River.

## Course

The Nyakagunda River originates in the north of Cibitoke Province and flows west and then south to Nyeshenza. From there is flows southwest and then south to Rugombo, forming the western boundary of that city, near its mouth on the Ruziz River. Its basin lies between the basins of the Ruhwa River and the Nyamagana River. It covers 18,283 hectares (45,180 acres).
The bed of the river is formed of pebbles near the source of Nyakagunda, then sand mixed with pebbles, sand alone and finally muddy sand at the mouth, at an elevation of 773 metres (2,536 ft). The water temperature is above 20 °C (68 °F) throughout its length, with little variation.

## Environment

The surroundings of Nyakagunda are a mosaic of agricultural land and natural vegetation. The area is densely populated, with 331 inhabitants per square kilometer as of 2016. The average annual temperature in the area is 22 °C (72 °F). The warmest month is October, when the average temperature is 26 °C (79 °F), and the coldest is March, with 20 °C (68 °F). Average annual rainfall is 1,391 millimetres (54.8 in). The wettest month is March, with an average of 233 millimetres (9.2 in) of precipitation, and the driest is July, with 3 millimetres (0.12 in) of precipitation.

## Irrigation

The Nyakagunda and Nyamagana River are the two main sources of irrigation water in the Ruzizi plain of Cibitoke Province, although as of 2020 some work was being done to increase the irrigated areas using water from the Muhira River and Kaburantwa River. In 2020 water from the Nyakagunda was being channeled for 3 kilometres (1.9 mi) to irrigate experiments with different crops including 100 hectares (250 acres) of corn, 150 hectares (370 acres) of rice, as well as fields of stevia and vanilla. Drainage water from the river feeds Lake Dogodogo.

## Issues

In January 2020 torrential rains caused the Nyakagunda River to deviate from its bed in the Commune of Rugombo and damage irrigation infrastructure and crops of rice and banana. The irrigated area covered about 600 hectares (1,500 acres) and was farmed by 131 Sangwe cooperatives. Water was no longer reaching the irrigation canals, which needed extensive cleaning to remove particles from erosion that were deposited by the water.
By 2023 cholera had become almost chronic in the Imbo plain of Cibitoke province. In the colline of Mparambo I the water taps may be dry for a week, and the residents are forced to use water from the Nyakagunda River, which must be boiled before it is safe to drink. In September 2023 seven out of seventeen collines in the Commune of Rugombo were experiencing water shortages. People of these collines had to use dirty water from the Nyakagunda and Nyamagana rivers, which contain bacillary dysentery and cholera, as well as toxic run-off products from agriculture.
# Abu al-Abbas al-Jarawi

Abu al-Abbas Ahmad Ibn Abd as-Salam al-Jarawi (Arabic: أبو عباس الجراوي) (1133-1212) was the official poet of the Almohad dynasty. He published his poems in a diwan. Ibn Idhari quotes 300 lines by Al-Jarawi in his Al-Bayan al-Mughrib. Little is known of him, except that he came from the Zenata tribe.
# Alexander Prince

Alexander Prince (1874 – 1928) was an early 20th-century vaudeville musician and recording artist who played the McCann-system Duet concertina (usually spelt 'Maccann'. Born Alexander Sutherland in Aberdeen, Scotland, he was first given a concertina at age 8 by his music shop-owner father, who wanted to give him something to do after a broken leg rendered him immobile. Of this event, Prince said, "I am, or was, alas an infant prodigy. It was an accident, primarily. I was 8 years old, and I broke my leg. I had to lie in bed, and that was the start." He started to perform while still a youth, and by 1889 London's The Era newspaper mentioned him in a review of the club Alhambra Palace: "Alexander Prince plays the concertina with great effect, and is rewarded with much applause." After performing at the Glasgow Exhibition at age 20, Prince went on to perform internationally, including a 1904 tour in South Africa.
Prince was among the first recorded concertinists, starting with cylinder recordings for Edison-Bell circa 1904. He released the first of his records with Zonophone in February 1906. He later released works under Columbia Records and other labels through the 1920s. Several were under the alias George King. Prince's popular records were reprinted under budget labels in the United States and in the United Kingdom.
When not on tour, Prince spent his later years in Nottingham. He died in 1928.
# Bobby Main

Robert Frame Main (10 February 1909 – 30 March 1985) was a Scottish professional footballer who played mainly as an outside right and is best known for his time with Rangers.
Main began his career at local team Baillieston Juniors and joined Rangers in October 1929, initially as understudy to Sandy Archibald. He was in and out of the side for four years before becoming a regular in 1933. During his spell at the club he won four Scottish league championships, two Scottish Cups, three Glasgow Cups and two Charity Cups. He made 175 appearances for Rangers and scored 38 goals. He left Ibrox in May 1939 aged 30 and joined New Brighton, but the outbreak of the Second World War curtailed his football career.
He played once for Scotland in 1937 against Wales, having been part of a SFA tour of North America two years earlier, playing in five matches including two unofficial internationals against the United States. He also played for the Scottish Football League XI on three occasions, facing the English Football League XI each time.
Main died on 30 March 1985, aged 76.
# Canada Digital Adoption Program

Canada Digital Adoption Program (CDAP) (French: Programme Canadien Adoption Numérique, PCAN) was a Canadian government initiative aimed at helping small and medium-sized businesses (SMBs) adopting digital technologies.

## History

The CA$4 billion CDAP initiative was first announced in 2021 Canadian federal budget, and subsequently launched in 2022 to help SMBs adopt digital technologies. It is administered by Innovation, Science and Economic Development Canada (ISED). It is based on the "Digital Main Street" concept, which was launched in 2014 by the City of Toronto in partnership with local Business Improvement Areas (BIAs).
CDAP provides eligible businesses with financial grants up to CA$ 15,000 and expert advice to support their digital transformation. Grants help cover the costs of developing and implementing a digital adoption plan (DAP), including purchasing new software and hiring digital consultants. Expert guidance assists businesses in selecting appropriate digital tools, hiring skilled talent, and navigating general digital transformation. Once the DAP is approved, the qualified businesses can apply for a no-interest loan of up to CA$100,000. To qualify, businesses must be for-profit SMBs with at least one employee, committed to digital adoption, and incorporated in Canada.
In February 2024, ISED stopped the program by calling it "fully subscribed".

## Limitations

Businesses faced a rigid application process and government-hosted marketplace, requiring them to navigate new accounts and platforms and choose from government-approved consultants. Each DAP had to follow a standard template, regardless of the business's size or type. Also, there was a shortage of consultants as applications closed early due to the pandemic. Many consultants aimed to provide services at the CA$15,000 maximum, but others were deterred by the program's limitations or missed the deadline. This left prospective clients with a limited selection of consultants, particularly those familiar with their sector.
On the other hand, it has been reported that the maximum subsidies of CA$15,000 grants to hire consultants led to a cottage industry of questionably credentialed advisers bombarding small-business owners with $15,000 plan offers. Some even proposed splitting the grant with owners, regardless of whether the plans were implemented.
# Qaurmeh Darreh

Qaurmeh Darreh (Persian: قاورمه دره, also Romanized as Qāūrmeh Darreh; also known as Qūrmeh Darreh) is a village in Chaharduli-ye Gharbi Rural District, Chaharduli District, Qorveh County, Kurdistan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 247, in 55 families. The village is populated by Kurds.
# Gerdeh Sur

Gerdeh Sur (Persian: گرده سور, also Romanized as Gerdeh Sūr; also known as Gerdesur and Gerd Sūr) is a village in Lahijan-e Gharbi Rural District, Lajan District, Piranshahr County, West Azerbaijan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 486, in 88 families.
# Ladce

Ladce (Hungarian: Lédec) is a village and municipality in Ilava District in the Trenčín Region of north-western Slovakia.

## History

In historical records the village was first mentioned in 1496.

## Geography

The municipality lies at an altitude of 250 metres and covers an area of 15.688 km². It has a population of about 2561 people.

## Famous people

Rastislav Blaško, former vice-chairman of Social Democratic Party of Slovakia lived in Ladce from 1971 to 1979 (he was born in 1971 in Ilava). He is holder of twice bronze medal for 3rd place as the staff member of Slovak FootGolf National Team at the 2. European Team FootGolf Championship EURO FOOTGOLF 2019 in United Kingdom, England and 2021 in Hungary.
# Zigadaf

Zigadaf (Persian: زيگدف, also Romanized as Zīgadaf; also known as Zīdekīdaf and Zītgadaf) is a village in Surak Rural District, Lirdaf District, Jask County, Hormozgan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 608, in 136 families.
# Sintsovo

Sintsovo (Russian: Синцово) is a rural locality (a village) in Posyolok Urshelsky, Gus-Khrustalny District, Vladimir Oblast, Russia. The population was 20 as of 2010.

## Geography

Sintsovo is located 30 km west of Gus-Khrustalny (the district's administrative centre) by road. Vasilevo is the nearest rural locality.
# Yek Baghi

Yek Baghi (Persian: يك باغي, also Romanized as Yek Bāghī and Yak Bāghī) is a village in Lay Siyah Rural District, in the Central District of Nain County, Isfahan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 12, in 4 families.
# Rudbar, Rabor

Rudbar (Persian: رودبر, also Romanized as Rūdbar; also known as Deh-e Rūd Bār, Deh Rūdeh, Roodar’ieyh, and Rūdar) is a village in Rabor Rural District, in the Central District of Rabor County, Kerman Province, Iran (at 29°16'48" north and 56°57'36" east). At the 2006 census, its population was 420, in 106 families.
General Percy Sykes found Greek pottery and coins at Rudbar.
# Antonio Marziale

Antonio Marziale (born September 28, 1993) is an American actor, best known for playing Elliot in the original Netflix movie Alex Strangelove. He also portrays the character of Benicio in Brian Jordan Alvarez's popular YouTube series, The Gay and Wondrous Life of Caleb Gallo.

## Biography and career

Antonio Marziale was born in London, England. His father is Italian and his mother is from Toronto, Ontario, Canada. He attended The American School in Switzerland and attended Carnegie Mellon University when he was 16 years old.
In addition to his role in Alex Strangelove, in 2017 he starred as Daryn Boston in the 12th season episode "The Memory Remains" of the fantasy horror series Supernatural.
He plays Isaac Bancroft in Netflix's popular dystopic series Altered Carbon.
In 2022, Marziale made his debut as a director and screenwriter in short film Starfuckers, which premiered at the 2022 Sundance Film Festival.

## Filmography

Film and television credits :
| Year | Title | Role | Notes |
| 2013 | Robinson | Brian | Short film |
| 2015, 2017 | Project Mc$^2$ | Prince Xander | Main role (Part 1) Recurring role (Part 4) |
| 2016 | The Gay and Wondrous Life of Caleb Gallo | Benicio | Main role |
| 2017 | Supernatural | Daryn Boston | Episode: "The Memory Remains" |
| 2018 | Altered Carbon | Isaac Bancroft | |
| 2018 | Alex Strangelove | Elliot | |
| 2020 | Fall to Fame | Will | Short film |
| 2022 | Starfuckers | | Short film; Also as director and screenwriter |
# Bobby Parker (footballer, born 1925)

Bobby Parker (16 February 1925 – 1 March 1997) was a Scottish footballer. Parker played for Partick Thistle and most notably for Hearts.

## Heart of Midlothian

Parker was signed at the age of 22 by Hearts manager Davie McLean on 5 April 1947. He debuted the season after on 16 August 1947 in a 3-2 Scottish League Cup section game 3–2 defeat away to Airdrieonians.
His last first team appearance was that season on 23 November 1957 in a 2–1 defeat away to Clyde.
After retiring as a player he joined the Hearts back room team coaching the reserves. He then joined the Heart's board of directors in which he also had a spell as chairman.
Parker died on 1 March 1997, two weeks after his 72nd birthday.
# Gerga, Republic of Dagestan

Gerga (Russian: Герга) is a rural locality (a selo) in Kayakentsky District, Republic of Dagestan, Russia. The population was 3,913 as of 2010. There are 49 streets.

## Geography

Gerga is located 8 km southwest of Novokayakent (the district's administrative centre) by road. Shalasi and Novye Vikri are the nearest rural localities.

## Nationalities

Dargins live there.
# Cross Lake (New York)

Cross Lake is on the border of Cayuga and Onondaga counties in the state of New York in the United States. The lake lies within the boundaries of the traditional Onondaga Indian Nation, and is reputed in local tradition to be the boyhood home of Hiawatha, the great peace maker. However, Onondaga Lake is also said to be Hiawatha's home.
Cross Lake has a maximum depth of 65 feet and has an average depth of 18 feet. The Seneca River flows west to east through the south end of the lake. Since Cross Lake is part of the New York State Canal System, there are a variety of fish that pass through it. Cross Lake has a flushing rate of 51 times per year; once per week.

## Fishing

Fish species present in the lake are walleye, white perch, tiger muskie, northern pike, largemouth bass, yellow perch, black crappie, channel catfish, black bullhead, pumpkinseed sunfish, bluegill, longnose gar, gizzard shad, and sheepshead. There is public access with fee at the Cross Lake Campground off Duger Road and access at the marina with a fee on Fire Lane 18.
# National Union of Congolese Workers

The National Union of Workers of the Congo (French: Union Nationale des Travailleurs du Congo, UNTC) is the largest trade union centre in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. It was formerly known as the National Union of Workers of Zaire (Union Nationale des Travailleurs du Zaïre, UNTZa)).
Founded in 1967, the UNTZa was the sole trade union centre in Zaire. By 1990 the union expelled its general secretary, Komdo Ntonga Booke, a member of the party central committee, and broke away from its close ties with the government. This came after the steady decline of workers purchasing power in the late 1980s.
In 1997, the union was renamed the UNTC, reflecting the renaming of Zaire to the Democratic Republic of the Congo.
# For Peace and Stability (parliamentary group)

For Peace and Stability (Ukrainian: За мир і стабільність, Russian: За мир и стабильность) was a Ukrainian parliamentary faction in its national parliament Verkhovna Rada from 2 July 2014 till 27 November 2014. The group included 34 MPs.

## History

For Peace and Stability was created by MPs Vitaly Grushevskii, Evgeniy Balitskii and Oleksandr Prysiazhniuk. Prysiazhniuk had just left the faction of the Communist Party of Ukraine the day before. Balitskii and Grushevskii were former MPs of Party of Regions. Balitskii and Grushevskii had left the faction of Party of regions on 3 June 2014. Almost all of the other members were also former MPs of Party of Regions and a few former MPs for the Communist Party. Lev Mirimsky of the party Union was also a member of the faction. Mirimsky is one of the five MPs from the 10 MPs elected in the Autonomous Republic of Crimea during the 2012 Ukrainian parliamentary election that became a member of the faction.
The parliamentary group was not revived after the 2014 parliamentary elections in Ukraine and thus ceased to exist at 27 November 2014, the first day of the parliament elected in 2014.

## Members

Verkhovna Rada :
| Year | Party-list | Party-list | Party-list | Constituency /total | Overall seats won | Seat change | Government | Ref |
| Year | Popular vote | % | Seats /total | Constituency /total | Overall seats won | Seat change | Government | Ref |
| 2014 | | | | | 36 / 450 | | | (in Ukrainian) |

### Party affiliation

* Party of Regions (former members)
* Communist Party of Ukraine (former members)
* Party "Union"
# Semyonovka, Gus-Khrustalny District, Vladimir Oblast

Semyonovka (Russian: Семёновка) is a rural locality (a village) in Posyolok Krasnoye Ekho, Gus-Khrustalny District, Vladimir Oblast, Russia. The population was 595 as of 2010. There are 5 streets.

## Geography

Semyonovka is located 26 km northeast of Gus-Khrustalny (the district's administrative centre) by road. Pervomaysky is the nearest rural locality.