OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Annales Palidenses

The Annales Palidenses (German:Pöhlder Annalen or Pöhlder Chronik) are a set of medieval annals written in Latin in the late 12th century.
The manuscripts probably arose at the Premonstratensian monastery of Pöhlde in the Harz region, composed by a monk named Theodore (Theodorus monachus) some time between 1182 and 1197. In 1877, the original was rediscovered by the German historian Georg Waitz at the Oxford Bodleian Library (Laud Misc. 633). The University of Göttingen shelves a 17th-century copy.
The Annales fall in the Christian tradition of universal history and are an important source for the history of high medieval Saxony as pictured in the later Saxon World Chronicle. Nevertheless, they have little to say about the history of Pöhlde itself, despite the fact that it was the site of an imperial palace under the Ottonian dynasty.
The early centuries, from the beginning of the world, are covered by adapting text from the early twelfth-century chroniclers Honorius of Autun, Ekkehard of Aura and Sigebert of Gembloux. Only from the year 469 onwards is the text mostly unique, although parts are based on Paul the Deacon. The last annals concentrate on the history of the German kingdom down to the exile of Duke Henry the Lion in 1182. An annex lists all Popes and Holy Roman Emperors since the birth of Christ down to Emperor Frederick II (1220). Some supplements on the history of Pöhlde Abbey and the Duchy of Brunswick-Lüneburg reach up to the year 1421.
The Annales Palidenses are the only source to claim that Roger II of Sicily became a monk shortly before his death. They are also the first to mention the epithet of King Henry the Fowler (i.e., one who hunts with fowl).

## Editions

* Pertz, Georg Heinrich (1859). "Annales Palidenses". Monumenta Germaniae Historica. Hanover. pp. 48–96.{{cite encyclopedia}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) This edition is based on the Göttingen copy.
# Notre-Dame de Kerbader

Notre-Dame de Kerbader (French: Chapelle Notre-Dame de Kerbader; Breton: Chapel Itron-Varia Kerbader) is a chapel in the commune of Fouesnant, Brittany in northwest France. The chapel is also known as "Our Lady of the Snows" (from the Breton Itron Varia an erc'h) or "Our Lady of Mercy" (Itron Varia an nec'h). It was built on the site of an earlier church, between the 17th and 18th centuries, to a cruciform floorplan.
In 1792, during the Fouesnant uprising [fr] against the revolutionary government of the Legislative Assembly, a group of armed farmers gathered at the church. The group were defeated by the National Guard and its leader captured, tried and guillotined at Quimper in 1793.
The building was renovated in the late 20th and early 21st centuries, with new stained glass windows unveiled in 2009. Next to the church stands a cross, Croix de Kernoac'h, which was renovated in 2004. Also nearby is a holy well, La fontaine de Kerbader, at which an annual pardon ceremony traditionally takes place during August.
# Hemsjö Church

Hemsjö Church (Swedish: Hemsjö kyrka) is a church in Hemsjö, Alingsås, Västergötland, Sweden. It belongs to the parish of Hemsjö parish in the Diocese of Skara. Hemsjö church is believed to be the fourth church in the village and was inaugurated on October 5, 1862, about 900 metres west of the site where the earlier churches stood. The medieval baptismal font belonged to State Historical Museum in Stockholm, but it was reinstated in Hemsjö church in 2005.
# Republican Independents

The Independents (French: Indépendants) and later Republican Independents (French: Indépendants républicains, IR) was a right-wing parliamentary group in the Chamber of Deputies during the French Third Republic between 1928 and 1940.
The IR was usually considered the parliamentary group on the furthest-right of the Chamber, to the right of the Republican Federation (though their membership sometimes overlapped). Its members were the most conservative members of the legislature: some were independent monarchists, while others were members of small extreme-right leagues with too few deputies to form their own parliamentary party, such as the Ligue d'Action Francaise or French Social Party.
Notable members included the Marquis de La Ferronnays, Georges Mandel, Jean Ybarnegaray, Jean Le Cour Grandmaison and Xavier Vallat.
Most members left in 1938 to found the French Social Party (PSF).
# Zam (river)

The Zam (Hungarian: Zám-patak) is a right tributary of the river Mureș in the historical region of Transylvania, Romania. It discharges into the Mureș in the village Zam. Its length is 20 km (12 mi) and its basin size is 70 km$^2$ (27 sq mi).
# List of presidents of the Senate of Mauritania

List of presidents of the Senate of Mauritania (French: Le Président du Sénat de Mauritanie) until it was abolished in August 2017.
Below is a list of Office-holders:
| Name | Entered office | Left office |
| Dieng Boubou Farba | 4 April 1992 | 5 August 2005 |
| Ba Mamadou Mbaré | 10 April 2006 | 11 January 2013 |
| Mohamed El Hacen Ould El Hadj | 19 January 2013 | 6 August 2017. |

## Sources

* ↑ "Mauritania Senate abolished in referendum". BBC News. 2017-08-07. Retrieved 2023-09-01.
* ↑ (PDF) (in French). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2019-11-14 – via bcm.mr.
* ↑ "Mauritanie: Décès du président du sénat à Paris". pressafrik.com (in French). Archived from the original on 2022-02-19. Retrieved 2019-01-08.
* ↑ "IPU PARLINE database: MAURITANIA (Majlis Al-Chouyoukh), General information".
# Hangar-e Pain

Hangar-e Pain (Persian: هنگرپائين, also Romanized as Hangar-e Pā’īn; also known as Hangar-e Mīān) is a village in Hotkan Rural District, in the Central District of Zarand County, Kerman Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was eight, in four families.
# Steinburg

Steinburg (German pronunciation: ) is a district in Schleswig-Holstein, Germany, administered from Itzehoe. It is bounded by (from the west and clockwise) the districts of Dithmarschen, Rendsburg-Eckernförde, Segeberg and Pinneberg, and by the Elbe River (and the district of Stade beyond).

## History

The district's name is derived from a medieval castle called Steinburg, where the reeves ruled by order of their lords, the dukes of Holstein. This castle was first mentioned in 1307, and it was abandoned and demolished in 1630. However, Steinburg remained the name of the region, and its new centre became Glückstadt before gradually moving to the town of Itzehoe.
When Schleswig-Holstein became a province of Prussia in 1867, the district of Steinburg was established. The borders remained unchanged until 1970 when the newly founded town Schenefeld (formerly part of Rendsburg district) joined Steinburg.

## Geography

The district is situated on the northern bank of the Elbe river, close to its mouth. The countryside is very plain. The Stör river, a right-hand tributary of the Elbe, flows through the district. Today the towns in Steinburg gradually become a part of the growing Hamburg metropolitan area. The lowest land point of the Federal Republic of Germany at 3,54 meters below sea level is located near the city of Wilster. Steinburg's highest point is the Itzespitze (83.4 m).

## Coat of arms

The coat of arms displays a castle (symbolising Steinburg Castle) above a wavy line (representing the Elbe river). Below the castle's towers there are three shields depicting Christ, a nettle leaf (from the arms of Holstein) and a swan.

## Towns and municipalities

* Independent towns
* Glückstadt
* Itzehoe
* Wilster
Ämter :
| 1. Breitenburg Auufer Breitenberg Breitenburg$^1$ Kollmoor Kronsmoor Lägerdorf Moordiek Münsterdorf Oelixdorf Westermoor Wittenbergen 2. Horst-Herzhorn Altenmoor Blomesche Wildnis Borsfleth Engelbrechtsche Wildnis Herzhorn Hohenfelde Horst$^1$ Kiebitzreihe Kollmar Krempdorf Neuendorf bei Elmshorn Sommerland 3. Itzehoe-Land (seat: Itzehoe) Bekdorf Bekmünde Drage Heiligenstedten Heiligenstedtenerkamp Hodorf Hohenaspe Huje Kaaks Kleve Krummendiek Lohbarbek Mehlbek Moorhusen Oldendorf Ottenbüttel Peissen Schlotfeld Silzen Winseldorf | 4. Kellinghusen Brokstedt Fitzbek Hennstedt Hingstheide Hohenlockstedt Kellinghusen$^1$ Lockstedt Mühlenbarbek Oeschebüttel Poyenberg Quarnstedt Rade Rosdorf Sarlhusen Störkathen Wiedenborstel Willenscharen Wrist Wulfsmoor 5. Krempermarsch Bahrenfleth Dägeling Elskop Grevenkop Krempe$^{1,2}$ Kremperheide Krempermoor Neuenbrook Rethwisch Süderau | 6. Schenefeld Aasbüttel Agethorst Besdorf Bokelrehm Bokhorst Christinenthal Gribbohm Hadenfeld Holstenniendorf Kaisborstel Looft Nienbüttel Nutteln Oldenborstel Pöschendorf Puls Reher Schenefeld$^1$ Vaale Vaalermoor Wacken Warringholz 7. Wilstermarsch (seat: Wilster) Aebtissinwisch Beidenfleth Brokdorf Büttel Dammfleth Ecklak Kudensee Landrecht Landscheide Neuendorf-Sachsenbande Nortorf Sankt Margarethen Stördorf Wewelsfleth |
| $^1$seat of the Amt;$^2$town |||
# Alexander Gromov

Alexander Nikolayevich Gromov (Алекса́ндр Никола́евич Грóмов) is a Russian science fiction writer, who began writing in 1986 and was first published in the early 1990s.
His work is influenced by that of the Strugatsky brothers, and he has stated a preference for the social science fiction genre. He writes primarily in his native Russian language.
Gromov lives in Moscow, and is an amateur astronomer and former electronic engineer.

## Gromov's works
### Soft Landing

Soft Landing (original Russian title: Myagkaya posadka) was published in 1995. The novel is set in Moscow, approximately at the end of the 21st century. The novel centers on the life of an ordinary man fighting for survival while new subspecies of Homo sapiens wage war against normal humans. Soft Landing received a Belyaev Award and Interpresscon Award in 1996.

### Year of the Lemming

Year of the Lemming (original Russian title: God Lemminga), was published in 1997. It is a prequel to Soft Landing and is set in the year 2040. In the novel, the appearance of contagious diseases and unexpected technological failures has caused the establishment of four services that harshly monitor the life of humankind. The protagonist Michail Malakhov is faced with a suicide epidemic, the cure for which is being hidden by scientists.

### Master of the Void

Master of the Void (original Russian title: Vlastelin Pustoty) was first published in 1997. The plot involves the transition of a nation in peaceful harmony with the natural world on a distant planet, to a phase of industrial dictatorship created to defend against outer aggression.

### "Saint Vitus' Minuet"

St. Vitus' Minuet (Russian: Менуэт святого Витта, romanized: Menuet Svyatogo Vitta, lit. 'Minuet of Saint Witt'), published in 1997, is a novella which deals with an emerging society on an unexplored planet, and the psychological aspects of survival. Saint Vitus' Minuet won a Fancon Award in 1997.

## Genres and themes

While most of his novels have a well-defined hard scientific background, Gromov's stated main interest is social science fiction:
I still have to tell a couple of words about my works — not about each one, but about all of them. Most of the things I wrote can be considered social science fiction (not in the sense of "capitalism-socialism" — this topic does not interest me). The recipe of it, worked out by H. G. Wells, has not changed till the present day and looks like this: you take a socium (limited number of people is better — easier to work) and do some ugly thing to it, and then you sit and look at the consequences...
Two of Gromov's books focus on a theme of power in a social context: his novella Saint Vitus Minuet (Menuet Svyatogo Vitta, 1997), deals with an emerging society; the novel Master of the Void discusses the transition of a peaceful nation in harmony with nature to an aggressive industrial dictatorship. The latter examines the surrounding mechanisms of power in the fictional government as well as the protagonist's rise to leadership.
# Ali Darreh

Ali Darreh (Persian: عاليدره, also Romanized as ‘Ālī Darreh; also known as Āl Darreh) is a village in Panjak-e Rastaq Rural District, Kojur District, Nowshahr County, Mazandaran Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 287, in 76 families.
# Steinhuder Hecht

The Steinhude pike (German: Steinhuder Hecht) from 1772 is said to be the first submarine built in Germany.
The engineer and officer Jakob Chrysostomus Praetorius drafted a construction made of oak wood, in the shape of a fish with sails and mobile rear. Allegedly, the plan was presented to William, Count of Schaumburg-Lippe in 1762. After an initial rejection it was built in 1772 at the island fortress Wilhelmstein in a reduced version. It is said to have dived in the Steinhuder Meer, a large lake, for 12 minutes. However, as the lake has a maximum depth of 2.9 metres (9 ft 6 in) this claim is dubious.
While the range of the Steinhude pike must have been limited, Count Wilhelm, according to a local legend, wanted to sail to Portugal with it. However, its military purpose was to connect the fortification with the allies of Schaumburg-Lippe, especially Britain, Braunschweig-Lüneburg and Prussia in the event of a siege.
Today a model and construction plans are exhibited in the military museum Wilhelmstein. The Wilhelmstein was the planned base for the Steinhude pike.

## General references

* Wesk, Timm (2002). Hippopotame and Schaumburger or Steinhuder Hecht - An Amphibious Craft and a Submarine from the 18th century. The Mariner's Mirror: the Journal of the Society for Nautical Research. Vol. 88. pp. 271–284. doi:10.1080/00253359.2002.10656847. ISSN 0025-3359. S2CID 162239950.
# Aharoni

Aharoni (Hebrew: אהרוני) is a surname. People with this surname include:
* Amikam Aharoni (1929–2002), Israeli physicist
* Israel Aharoni (1882–1946), Jewish zoologist
* Oren Aharoni (born 1973), Israeli basketball coach and former basketball player
* Ron Aharoni (born 1952), Israeli mathematician
* Yisrael Aharoni (born 1953), Israeli chef
* Yohanan Aharoni, né Aronheim (1919–1976), Israeli archaeologist
* Zvi Aharoni, né Arendt (1921-2012), Israeli Mossad agent

## Other uses

* Aharoni (typeface) is a Hebrew typeface family
# Rae Hendrie

Rae Hendrie (born 30 November 1976) is a Scottish actress known for her role as Jess Mackenzie in the BBC TV series Monarch of the Glen.
As a child, she sang in classical concerts. She later sang in her role on Monarch of the Glen. Prior to being cast in Monarch, Rae was a London classroom assistant working with children with special education needs. She also appeared in an episode of Taggart in 2002, playing Sadie McPhail, and in 2006 had a role in EastEnders playing Briony Campbell.

## Filmography

* EastEnders playing Briony Campbell, 2006
* Sea of Souls playing Shiela, 2006
* Meet the Magoons playing Selina, 2005
* Murphy's Law playing Gina, 2005
* Holby City playing Lizzie Hart, 2005
* The Bill playing Tara, 2003
* Taggart playing Sadie McPhail, 2002
* Rockface playing Nurse Jo, 2002, 2003
* Monarch of the Glen, 2001-2005
# Zhytomyr urban hromada

Zhytomyr urban territorial hromada (Ukrainian: Житомирська міська територіальна громада, romanized: Zhytomyrska miska terytorialna hromada) is one of Ukraine's hromadas, located in Zhytomyr Raion in Zhytomyr Oblast. Its capital is the city of Zhytomyr.
The hromada has an area of 91.5 km$^2$ (35.3 sq mi), as well as a population of 275,412 (as of 2023). It was first established as an amalgamated hromada on 28 June 2018, before being expanded to its current size as part of decentralisation in Ukraine.

## Composition

In addition to one city (Zhytomyr), the hromada contains a single village: Veresy [uk].
# Novokhutornoye

Novokhutornoye (Russian: Новохуторное) is a rural locality (a selo) and the administrative center of Novokhutornoye Rural Settlement, Krasnogvardeysky District, Belgorod Oblast, Russia. The population was 487 as of 2010. There are 3 streets.

## Geography

Novokhutornoye is located 21 km (13 mi) southwest of Biryuch (the district's administrative centre) by road. Gorovoye is the nearest rural locality.
# Džungľa

Džungľa (literally: "Jungle", Hungarian: Dzsungel) is a borough (city ward) of Košice, Slovakia. The borough is situated in the Košice I district and lies to the northeast of the neighbouring borough of Košice Old Town, at an altitude of roughly 209 metres (686 ft) above sea level.
Džungľa gained its distinctive name in the interwar period and was made an official borough in the early 1990s. It is the smallest of all 22 of Košice's boroughs, and is also one of the least populous overall.
The borough is largely focused on housing (with a few hundred residents), industrial areas and shopping centres.

## History

Today's borough of Džungľa developed during the interwar period, its nickname (later adopted as an official name) first appeared in the late 1920s.
Džungľa became a separate borough of Košice, as part of the Košice I district, in 1990.

## Statistics

* Area: 0.47 square kilometres (0.18 sq mi)
* Population: 697 (December 2017)
* Density of population: 1500/km$^2$ (December 2017)
* District: Košice I
* Mayor: Adriana Šebeščáková Balogová (as of 2018 elections)

## Gallery

Photos
* Confluence of the river Hornád and the local stream Moňok, older housing at the riverfront
* A local shopping centre in Džungľa
* A "Tesco Extra" shopping centre in Džungľa
* Interior of a local shopping centre
* Interior of a local shopping centre
Maps of the area
* A 1912 map of the Džungľa locality
* A modern map of the Džungľa borough
# Dighalipukhuri

Dighalipukhuri; also Dighalipukhri is a rectangular man-made pond in Guwahati, about half a mile long. Dighalipukhuri is occupied altogether area of garden and pond between 17-18 bigha lands.

## Legend

As per the legend constructed by the Brahmin pandits in the 16th or 17th century Yogini Tantra, its creation is credited to King Bhagadatta, who led the Kauravas in the Battle of Kurukshetra during the Mahabharata. The tank was dug by him during the svayamvara of his daughter, Bhanumati.

## History

It was used by the Ahoms as a naval dockyard. Its access to the Brahmaputra was eventually closed, and during colonial times, that portion was further filled on which the Circuit House was built.
Later, the Gauhati High Court building was built in the newly filled area.

## Dighalipukhuri Park Timing

The Dighali Pukhuri Park opens at 8:30 AM and closes at 5.30 PM.
# Borys Babin

Borys Volodymyrovyh Babin (Ukrainian: Бабін Борис Володимирович; born 12 March 1981, in Yevpatoria, Ukrainian SSR) is a Ukrainian politician. He is an ad hoc expert for OSCE, the Council of Europe, and Minority Rights Group International, as well as a Doctor of Laws and professor.
In 2014, Babin was appointed as the presidential representative of Ukraine in Crimea, then transferred to Kherson due to the annexation of Crimea by the Russian Federation. He assumed office as a representative on 17 August 2017.
# Rathgen Research Laboratory

The Rathgen Research Laboratory (German: Rathgen-Forschungslabor) is a Research Institute of the Berlin State Museums under the auspices of the Prussian Cultural Heritage Foundation. It carries out cross-material conservation science, art technology and archaeometry studies of fine arts and cultural artifacts to determine composition, age and authenticity and provide advice on their restoration. It further conducts academic research on scientific issues concerning the care and preservation of monuments and archaeological sites. Founded in 1888 as the Chemical Laboratory of the Royal Museums in Berlin, it is the oldest museum laboratory in world and bears the name of its first director, Dr. Friedrich Rathgen.
The Laboratory also provides services to a number of international bodies, such as the International Council on Monuments and Sites (ICOMOS), the International Council of Museums (ICOM) and the International Centre for the Study of the Preservation and Restoration of Cultural Property (ICCROM).

## Facilities

The laboratory is equipped with state-of-the-art analytical equipment, methods and procedures, including:
* Environmental Scanning Electron Microscopy (ESEM)
* Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS)
* X-ray fluorescence and Micro-X-ray fluorescence (μ-XRF and XRF)
* X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD)
* Infrared (FT-IR) and UV spectroscopy (UV-Vis)
* Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS)
* High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)
* Atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS)
Other methods for the investigation of materials include a weathering chamber to simulate environmental conditions and mobile measuring systems for monitoring the physical and chemical environment for art works in situ.

## Achievements

The Rathgen has exposed several scandalous forgeries, including paintings in the Beltracchi affair. Analysis of annular rings in the original frames demonstrated that the wood was indeed old but came from trees that had once stood tightly side by side, unlikely for diverse works such as Fernand Léger and Max Ernst.
# Alpha Wolf

Alpha Wolf refer to:
* Alpha (ethology), about the leader of a group of animals
* Alpha Wolf (band), an Australian nu metalcore band formed in 2013
* Alpha Wolf (pickup truck), an upcoming American compact electric pickup truck
* Alpha Wolf (born 1998), a ring name of Fernando Antonio Cornejo Soto, Mexican professional wrestler
# Shankavar

Shankavar (Persian: شانكاور) is a village in, and the capital of, Khoshabar Rural District of the Central District of Rezvanshahr County, Gilan province, Iran.

## Demographics
### Population

At the time of the 2006 National Census, the village's population was 910 in 233 households. The following census in 2011 counted 957 people in 263 households. The 2016 census measured the population of the village as 972 people in 293 households.
# Photography (film)

Photography (Hungarian: Fotográfia) is a 1973 Hungarian drama film directed by Pál Zolnay. The film was entered into the 8th Moscow International Film Festival where it won the Silver Prize. Zolnay's film was also selected as the Hungarian entry for the Best Foreign Language Film at the 46th Academy Awards, but was not accepted as a nominee.

## Cast

* István Iglódi as retoucher, agent
* Ferenc Sebő as story singer
* Márk Zala as photographer
# Að brunnum

Að brunnum (By the Spring) is a 1974 poetry collection by Icelandic poet Ólafur Jóhann Sigurðsson. It won the Nordic Council's Literature Prize in 1976.
# St. Louis Cathedral, Port-Louis

St. Louis Cathedral (French: Cathédrale Saint-Louis de Port-Louis, Mauritian Creole: Katedral Sin Lwi) is a Roman Catholic cathedral in Port Louis, Mauritius, the seat of the bishop of Port-Louis.
Several churches have been built in succession at this location. Between 1752 and 1756, Joseph-François Charpentier de Cossigny built the first, which soon fell apart, and then was hit by a cyclone in 1760. A new church collapsed again on April 9, 1773 as a result of another cyclone. A further reconstruction in 1782 soon ended in collapse. Subsequently, the building was restored in 1814 by Sir Robert Townsend Farquhar, the first British governor, until the same recurring structural problems reappeared in 1819. Bishop Jacques Leen rebuilt the structure from 1930 to 1933, and a final restoration was completed in 2007.