OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Paul Demeny

Paul Demeny (1932 – 18 October 2024) was a Hungarian demographer and economist known for pioneering the concept of Demeny voting.

## Early life and education

Demeny was born in Nyíregyháza, Hungary in 1932. He graduated from the Reformed College of Debrecen in 1951 and from the University of Budapest in 1955. He then attended the Graduate Institute of International Studies in Geneva in 1957. He eventually received a PhD in economics from Princeton University in 1961. At Princeton, his mentors were demographers Frank W. Notestein and Ansley J. Coale, as well as economists William Baumol, Oscar Morgenstern and Jacob Viner.

## Career

Demeny was appointed assistant professor of economics at Princeton University in 1961, and as research associate at Princeton's Office of Population Research, a research center. In 1966, he moved to the University of Michigan and in 1969 to the University of Hawaii. In 1973, he joined the Population Council, a U.S.-based non-profit, as vice president and director of its Demographic Division. There, he founded the Population and Development Review, a quarterly peer-reviewed academic journal.
Demeny is known for introducing the idea of Demeny voting in 1986. Demeny voting is a system that would "let custodial parents exercise the children's voting rights," with the goal of "mak(ing) the political system more responsive to the young generation's interests" and addressing the threat of gerontocracy.

## Death

Demeny died on 18 October 2024, at the age of 91.

## Recognition

In 2003, he was named laureate of the International Union for the Scientific Study of Population. In 2018, he was awarded the Hungarian Order of St. Stephen.
# Zarya, Vladimir Oblast

Zarya (Russian: Заря) is a rural locality (a village) in Novoselskoye Rural Settlement, Kovrovsky District, Vladimir Oblast, Russia. The population was 1 as of 2010.

## Geography

Zarya is located 11 km south of Kovrov (the district's administrative centre) by road. Kovrov-Gruzovoy is the nearest rural locality.
# Puelo Bajo Airport

Puelo Bajo Airport (Spanish: Aeropuerto de Puelo Bajo), (ICAO: SCPB) is an airport serving Puelo Bajo (es), a village in the Los Lagos Region of Chile. The village is near the Puelo River, which flows into the Reloncaví Sound.
There are hills north and south of the runway.
# Milan Savić (author)

Milan Savić (Serbian: Милан Савић German: Emil Szavitz; 1845 in Turska Kanjiža, Austrian Empire – 21 February 1930 in Belgrade, Kingdom of Yugoslavia) was a Serbian polymath: physician writer, historian, philosopher, medical doctor, geographer, literary critic and translator of Goethe's "Faust" in Serbian. Savić was a president of Matica srpska (1896–1911).

## Biography

His generation was fighting the Turks for independence, but the cultivators of Serb literature have not been idle either. He was one among the former and the latter. A graduate from the University of Vienna's prestigious School of Medicine in 1867 and philosophy and medicine in Leipzig in 1876 with exceptional Rigorosum honours. In 1876, he obtained the title of Doctor of Philosophy in Leipzig. He lends his services as a medical doctor in the Serbian–Ottoman War (1876–78) and the Serbo-Bulgarian War of 1885. Among the institutions of national culture, the stage had received praiseworthy attention, that classical dramatic work of the West is acted in the Serbian idiom on the stages of Belgrade, Novi Sad, and Kragujevac. Not only Schiller's "Mary Stuart" and "Don Carlos", Shakespeare's "Romeo and Juliet" and "Othello", but Goethe's "Faust" in the Serb theatre of Novi Sad was produced. The translator, in the metre of the original, was from the pen of this Serbian physician and literary critic.
He was the father of Anica Savić Rebac.

## Works

* Istorija Bugarskog naroda (Novi Sad, 1878)
* Laza Kostić (1929)
* Iz srpske književnosti: slike I rasprave (1898)
* Razni putevi (1885)
* Iz prošlih dana (1902)
* Udovina (in verse; 1889)
* U Fruškoj gori (1890)
# Say Lo Yar Say

Say Lo Yar Say (Burmese: စေလိုရာစေ) is a 1971 Burmese black-and-white drama film, directed by Shumawa U Kyaw starring Zaw One, Swe Zin Htaik, Lin Htin and Yway Yway.

## Cast

* Zaw One
* Swe Zin Htaik
* Lin Htin
* Yway Yway
# Ancelle

Ancelle (French pronunciation:; Occitan: Ancela) is a commune in the Hautes-Alpes department in southeastern France. The village is a tourist destination for both the summer and winter seasons, offering a range of sporting activities such as hiking, cross country skiing and camping. Ancelle has a small, neighbouring village called Les Taillas, located to the south of the main town centre.
# Tibs the Great

Tibs the Great (November 1950 – December 1964) was the British Post Office's "number one cat" and kept the post office headquarters in London completely mouse-free during his 14 years of service. He was the son of Minnie, and on his death, several newspapers ran an obituary.

## Background

Cats had been officially employed by the Post Office to catch rodents since September 1868, when three cats were taken on for a six-month trial period at a rate of one shilling per week, in the London Money Order Office. On 7 May 1869, it was noted that "the cats have done their duty very efficiently". By 1873, the cats were being paid 1s 6d, and cats were being employed in other post offices.

## Early life

It is thought that Tibs was born in London in November 1950. His father is unknown. His mother was Minnie, another "fine cat".

## Career

Tibs worked at Post Office Headquarters in London for 14 years, and was officially employed and paid 2s 6d per week. He worked in the basement. He was cared for by Alf Talbut, cleaner at the General Post Office in St. Martin's Le Grand (later known as GPO East), who had also owned his mother, Minnie. During his 14 years, Tibs kept the Post Office headquarters completely free of mice.
In 1952, there was "public outrage" that the cats had not had a pay rise since 1873, and the next year there was a question in the House of Commons, asking the Assistant Postmaster-General, David Gammans, "when the allowance payable for the maintenance of cats in his department was last raised?"
Gammans replied,
   There is, I am afraid, a certain amount of industrial chaos in the Post Office cat world. Allowances vary in different places, possibly according to the alleged efficiency of the animals and other factors. It has proved impossible to organise any scheme for payment by results or output bonus. These servants of the State are, however, frequently unreliable, capricious in their duties and liable to prolonged absenteeism.
   My hon. and gallant Friend has been misinformed regarding the differences between rates for cats in Northern Ireland and other parts of the United Kingdom. There are no Post Office cats in Northern Ireland. Except for the cats at Post Office Headquarters who got the special allowance a few years ago, presumably for prestige reasons, there has been a general wage freeze since July, 1918, but there have been no complaints!
He also hastened to assure the House that Post Office cats had "an adequate maternity service", and that equal pay prevailed in the group.

## In media

In 1953, Tibs was featured in a book titled Cockney Cats by Warren Tute and Felix Fonteyn. He also appeared at a "Cats and Film Stars" party.

## Death

Tibs died in December 1964; he had been suffering from oral cancer. He received obituaries in several newspapers. By the time of his death he had grown to 23 lb (10 kg) in weight, probably due to living in one of the staff dining rooms, rather than from eating rats.
The last cat employed at Post Office headquarters was Blackie, who died in 1984, which coincided with cloth sacks being replaced with rodent-resistant plastic sacks.
# Ramon Salcido

Ramón Bojórquez Salcido (born March 6, 1961) is a Mexican convicted spree killer who is currently on death row in California's San Quentin State Prison. He was convicted for the 1989 murders of six female family members and one male supervisor at his workplace. His victims included his wife and two of his daughters, four-year-old Sofía and 22-month-old Teresa. A third daughter, three-year-old Carmina, was left lying in a field beside the bodies of her sisters for thirty-six hours after being slashed across the throat by her father but was eventually rescued and her father captured.
Salcido's victims were killed in the cities of Sonoma and Cotati, California. Maria, Marion, and Ruth Richards were killed at a house at Lakewood Drive in Cotati, and Salcido's relatives and Toovey were killed in Sonoma.

## Details

On April 14, 1989, after a night of drinking and snorting cocaine, Ramon Salcido drove his three young daughters to a county dump, slashed their throats, and threw them into a ditch, killing Sofia and Teresa; Carmina survived. Salcido then drove to Cotati, California, where he killed his mother-in-law and her two daughters. He then returned to his home in Boyes Hot Springs, where he shot his wife, Angela Salcido. He then went to the Grand Cru winery, his place of employment, where he killed a co-worker, Tracey Toovey.
Salcido fled after the killings to Mexico via Calexico. He was arrested in Guasave, Mexico, on April 19, 1989. When arrested, Salcido told police that he committed the murders because he suspected his wife was having an affair with a coworker.

## Victims

* Ángela Salcido, 24, wife of Ramon Salcido
* Sofía Salcido, 4, daughter of Angela Salcido
* Carmina Salcido, 3, daughter of Angela Salcido (survived)
* Teresa Salcido, 1, daughter of Angela Salcido
* Marion Louise Richards, 47, mother of Angela Salcido
* Ruth Richards, 12, daughter of Marion Richards
* Maria Richards, 8, daughter of Marion Richards
* Tracy Toovey, 35, winemaster at Grand Cru winery

## Trial

Salcido's trial had been moved out of Sonoma County due to extensive news coverage of the case. On October 30, 1990, Salcido was found guilty by a jury of six counts of first-degree murder, one count of second-degree murder, and two counts of attempted murder. On November 16, 1990, Salcido was sentenced by a jury to the death penalty. Marteen Miller, Salcido's attorney, contended that his client was under the influence of cocaine and alcohol during the slayings. The defense had sought a verdict of second-degree murder or manslaughter under the circumstance that the drugs had put Mr. Salcido in a state of psychotic depression when the rampage began.

## Media

Investigation Discovery portrayed the Ramon Salcido case in the docudrama series "Evil I", episode: "Killer in the Sun", originally aired 2012.
The investigative reporting series ABC's 20/20 features exclusive interviews with survivor Carmina Salcido; the episode is titled 'What Happened to Carmina", originally aired in October 2009.
# Hugh Murdoch

Hugh Murdoch may refer to:
* Gilbert Hugh Murdoch, Canadian politician
* Hugh Murdoch Ross, Australian politician
# Nahran, Hamadan

Nahran (Persian: نهران, also Romanized as Nahrān; also known as Nahran-e Kharāb and Nahrān Kharāb) is a village in Hegmataneh Rural District, in the Central District of Hamadan County, Hamadan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 164, in 38 families.
# Edward Douglas Fawcett

Edward Douglas Fawcett (11 April 1866 – 14 April 1960) was an English mountaineer, philosopher and novelist.

## Life

Edward Douglas Fawcett was born in Hove, Sussex on 11 April 1866. He was the elder son of Edward Fawcett, an equerry to the Prince of Wales (King Edward VII) and the older brother of explorer Percy Fawcett. He was educated at Newton Abbot College in Devon and was a Queen's Scholar at Westminster School from 1880.
Fawcett converted to Buddhism, having taken the pansil (the lay follower vow to the Five Precepts) while with Henry Steel Olcott in Ceylon (modern Sri Lanka) in January 1890. He was an associate of Russian occultist Helena Blavatsky, leading theoretician of the esoteric religious movement Theosophy. He assisted her in her writing and in compiling quotations from scientific works for The Secret Doctrine and particularly the parts of second volume on the topic of evolutionary hypotheses. Fawcett joined the editorial staff of The Theosophist, the monthly journal of the Theosophical Society and wrote correspondence for the magazine Lucifer.
As a science fiction author, Fawcett published his first fantasy novel Hartmann the Anarchist in 1893. He published two adventure novels in the 1890s. His 1894 novel Swallowed by an Earthquake drew favourable comparisons in London to the works of Jules Verne.
He also authored multiple books on philosophy, including The Riddle of the Universe in 1893 on the metaphysical concept of Monadology. In the preface to his 1909 essay, The Individual and Reality, Fawcett concedes to having abandoned Monadology in favour of the metaphysical philosophies of Idealism
Fawcett married his cousin, Mary Blanche Violet Jackson (1872-1928) in 1896, and they lived principally in Switzerland for many years.
Fawcett devoted his life to mountaineering and philosophy. During this time, his philosophy centered around the idea that imagination was the fundamental reality of the universe. Fawcett and his wife became the first people to ascend the Mer de Glace by automobile in 1909.
Fawcett returned to England and in 1947, he married his second wife, Vera Sibyl Elise Dick-Cunyngham, nee Pryce, widow of George Dick-Cunyngham. Fawcett died in London on 14 April 1960.

## Literary works

(1891) The Power Behind the Universe
(1893) Hartmann the Anarchist or the Doom of the Great City a science fiction adventure where the title character Hartmann engages in airship warfare and depicts an aerial bombardment of the city of London. Illustrations were by Fred T. Jane.
(1893) The Riddle of the Universe: Being an Attempt to Determine the First Principles of Metaphysic
(1894) Swallowed by an Earthquake a subterranean fiction adventure about the discovery of an underground world of dinosaurs and cannibals.
(1895) The Secret Life of the Desert an adventure novel following the exploits of archaeologist Arthur Mannors in Arabia.
(1909) The Individual and Reality: An Essay Touching the First Principles of Metaphysics
(1916) The World as Imagination
(1921) Divine Imagining: An Essay on the First Principles of Philosophy.
(1936) From Heston to the High Alps: A Chat About Joy-Flying
# Ferrières-Saint-Mary

Ferrières-Saint-Mary (French pronunciation:; Occitan: Farreiras e Sant Mari) is a commune in the Cantal department in south-central France.

## Buildings

* Saint-Mary de Saint-Mary-le-Cros Church
# Coenagrion interrogatum

Coenagrion interrogatum, the Subarctic bluet, is a blue and black, pond damselfly of the family Coenagrionidae. The species was first described by Edmond de Sélys Longchamps in 1876.

## Distribution

According to the University of Alberta E.H. Strickland Entomological Museum:
   Most northerly range of the Eurasian bluets with records in Alaska, Yukon, Northwest Territories, throughout most of Canada and east to Newfoundland. Found in some northerly states towards the east and much of New England.
# Alexander Fuchs

Alexander Fuchs (born 5 January 1997) is a German professional footballer who plays as a midfielder for 3. Liga side SV Sandhausen.
# Ushnyug

Ushnyug (Russian: Ушнюг; Tabassaran: Гьемшнигъ) is a rural locality (a selo) in Arkitsky Selsoviet, Tabasaransky District, Republic of Dagestan, Russia. Population: 270 (2010 Census); 326 (2002 Census); 238 (1989 Soviet census).

## Geography

Ushnyug is located 9 km southeast of Khuchni (the district's administrative centre) by road. Firgil, Tsukhdyg and Dzhugdil are the nearest rural localities.
# Andrei Kharlov

Andrei Vasilyevich Kharlov (Russian: Андрей Васильевич Ха́рлов; November 20, 1968 – June 15, 2014) was a Russian chess grandmaster.

## Tournament results

In 1992, he received the title of Grandmaster after tying for first place in the 1990 Russian National Championship. Since then, Kharlov has won the 1996 European Club Cup and the 1998 Russian Club Cup with the Kazan chess team. In 2000, he tied for second in the Russian National Championship in Samara and tied for first in the European Individual Chess Championship in Saint-Vincent. He participated in the FIDE World Chess Championship 2000, where he was knocked out by Veselin Topalov in the second round. In the FIDE World Chess Championship 2004 he advanced to the fifth round (final eight), but was again knocked out by Topalov. In 2005 he ended shared first in the Aeroflot Open, only to lose the title on tie-break.

## Death

Kharlov's death was announced by the Russian Chess Federation on June 15, 2014; no cause of death was provided. He had played in a tournament in Kazan the previous week.

## Notable games

| | a | b | c | d | e | f | g | h | |
| 8 | | | | | | | | | 8 |
| 7 | | | | | | | | | 7 |
| 6 | | | | | | | | | 6 |
| 5 | | | | | | | | | 5 |
| 4 | | | | | | | | | 4 |
| 3 | | | | | | | | | 3 |
| 2 | | | | | | | | | 2 |
| 1 | | | | | | | | | 1 |
| | a | b | c | d | e | f | g | h | |
In the 2005 Aeroflot Open Andrei Kharlov played Vassily Ivanchuk as white. The game played through the Krause Variation of the Queen's Pawn Game opening.
Andrei Kharlov–Vassily Ivanchuk, Aeroflot Open 2005
1.d4 d5 2.Nf3 c5 3.c3 a5 4.dxc5 Nf6 5.c4 e6 6.cxd5 Bxc5 7.Qc2 Bb4+ 8.Bd2 exd5 9.Bxb4 axb4 10.Nbd2 Nc6 11.Nb3 Bg4 12.g3 Rc8 13.Qd1 0-0 14.Bg2 Qb6 15.0-0 Rfd8 16.Qd2 h6 17.Rfd1 Ne4 18.Qe1 d4 19.Nc1 Nc5 20.Nd3 Nxd3 21.Rxd3 Ra8 22.Rd2 Ra5 23.Qd1 Be6 24.b3 Bf5 25.h3 Be4 26.Ne1 Bxg2 27.Kxg2 Rc5 28.Nf3 Rc3 29.Qb1 Qa5 30.Qe4 Rxb3 31.Rad1 Ra3 32.Nxd4 Qd5 33.Qxd5 Rxd5 34.Nb3 Re5 35.Rc2 Na5 36.Rd3 Re8 37.Rf3 Nc6 38.Rd3 Rea8 39.Rdd2 Na5 40.Nd4 b3 41.axb3 Nxb3 42.Nxb3 Rxb3 43.Rd7 Rb5 44.Rcc7 Rf8 45.Re7 b6 46.Rb7 Rc5 47.Rxb6 h5 48.Rb4 g6 49.Rf4 Kg7 50.e4 Rc4 51.Rf3 Ra4 52.g4 hxg4 53.hxg4 Kh6 54.Kg3 f6 55.Rb3 Rc8 56.Kf4!
    A brilliant move by Kharlov. The game continued
56...g5+ 57.Kf5 Ra5+ 58.e5 Rxe5+ 59.Kxf6 1–0
    when black cannot defend 60.Rh3# without losing material.
# Megathous

Megathous is a genus of click beetles in the family Elateridae. It was originally established by Edmund Reitter as a subgenus of the genus Harminius Fairmaire, 1851. There are more than 10 described species in Megathous, found in the Palearctic.

## Species

These species belong to the genus Megathous:
* Megathous algirinus (Candèze, 1860)
* Megathous altaicus (Schwarz, 1900)
* Megathous barrosi (Méquignon, 1932)
* Megathous escalerai (Cobos, 1958)
* Megathous ficcuzzensis (Buysson, 1912)
* Megathous fiorii Platia & Marini, 1990
* Megathous hispanicus Platia & Gudenzi, 2005
* Megathous lizlerwerneri Mertlik, 2005
* Megathous menetriesi (Reitter, 1890)
* Megathous peyerimhoffi Buysson, 1917
* Megathous pici (Buysson, 1898)
* Megathous rifensis (Cobos, 1969)
* Megathous sedakovii [species] (Mannerheim, 1852)
* Megathous suturalis (Candèze, 1873)
* Megathous valtopinensis Platia & Gudenzi, 2005

## Excluded species

The following 3 species were transferred to the genus Hemicrepidius by Frank E. Etzler [species] in 2020.
* Hemicrepidius dauricus [species] (Mannerheim, 1852) (syn. Megathous dauricus (Mannerheim, 1852))
* Hemicrepidius jacobsoni [species] (Reitter, 1905) (syn. Megathous jacobsoni (Reitter, 1905))
* Hemicrepidius nigerrimus (Desbrochers des Loges, 1869) (syn. Megathous nigerrimus (Desbrochers des Loges, 1869))
# Ministry of Defence (Jordan)

The Ministry of Defence (Arabic: وزارة الدفاع الاردنية) of the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan is a ministerial mandate in the Government of Jordan responsible for defence of Jordan. It had never been a separate ministerial entity, and since 1970, the Minister of Defense has been the Prime Minister.
Prime Minister Rashid Al-Madfai was the first to assume the defence mandate as minister of Defence and Internal Security in the government of Tawfik Abu Al-Huda in 1939. A directive by the king in 2014 to reestablish the Ministry of Defense did not materialize.
# Ana Teresa Aranda

Ana Teresa Aranda Orozco (born January 26, 1954, in León, Guanajuato) is a Mexican politician affiliated with the National Action Party who served as Director of the DIF (the "National System for Integral Family Development") from 2000 to 2006. In January 2006 President Vicente Fox designated her Secretary of Social Development.

## Political career

Aranda has been an active member of the National Action Party in the state of Puebla. From 1995 to 1998 she served as state president of the PAN. In 1998 she unsuccessfully ran for the governorship of Puebla and in the 2000 elections she unsuccessfully ran for a seat in the Senate. She is seeking election as one of Puebla's senators in the 2024 Senate election, occupying the second place on the Fuerza y Corazón por México coalition's two-name formula.
# Teterino, Kovrovsky District, Vladimir Oblast

Teterino (Russian: Тетерино) is a rural locality (a village) in Malyginskoye Rural Settlement, Kovrovsky District, Vladimir Oblast, Russia. The population was 2 as of 2010.

## Geography

Teterino is located 21 km north of Kovrov (the district's administrative centre) by road. Babikovka is the nearest rural locality.
# Women's Union for the League of Nations

The Women's Union for the League of Nations (French: Union Féminine pour la Société des Nations) was a French women's organization which was founded in 1920 by the French Union for Women's Suffrage as a basis for ensuring representation of women's interests at the League of Nations. Key figures were Marie-Louise Puech, Marguerite de Witt-Schlumberger and Germaine Malaterre-Sellier.
Established as a section of the French Union for Women's Suffrage following the Congress of the International Women Suffrage Alliance, held in Geneva from 6 to 12 June 1920, it soon became completely independent. Its approach was based on international law as embodied by the International Court of Justice. Unlike other groups behind the League of Nations, it did not call for peace at any price but instead relied on legislation as a means of achieving international peace. The organization sought to bring together "women of all political, philosophical or religious convictions" in order to put an end to every possibility of warfare by "fighting energetically for moral disarmament, a precondition for material disarmament".
By some estimates, the membership had grown to as many as 1,500 by 1929 although that figure might well include members of the French Union for Women's Suffrage and the Association d’anciennes élèves des Écoles Normales.
Among the other dedicated feminists who played an important part in the organization were Cécile Brunschvicg, who was president in the 1920s, and Anna Jézéquel, secretary of Alliance universelle pour l’amitié par les Églises (Universal Alliance for Friendship through Churches).
# Haft Cheshmeh-ye Lishtar

Haft Cheshmeh-ye Lishtar (Persian: هفت چشمه ليشتر, also Romanized as Haft Cheshmeh-ye Līshtar; also known as Haft Chashmeh, Haft Cheshmeh, and Haft Cheshmeh-ye ‘Olyā) is a village in Lishtar Rural District, in the Central District of Gachsaran County, Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 161, in 30 families.
# Fabian Graudenz

Fabian Friedemann Graudenz (born 16 January 1992) is a German footballer who plays as a midfielder for TuS Dassendorf.
# Uluz

Uluz (Russian: Улуз) is a rural locality (a selo) and the administrative center of Kuzhniksky Selsoviet, Tabasaransky District, Republic of Dagestan, Russia. Population: 500 (2010 Census); 358 (2002 Census); 296 (1989 Soviet census). There are 3 streets.

## Geography

Uluz is located 14 km west of Khuchni (the district's administrative centre) by road. Kuzhnik is the nearest rural locality.
Coordinates: 41°57′N 47°50′E / 41.950°N 47.833°E / 41.950; 47.833
| Country | Russia |
| Region | Republic of Dagestan |
| District | Tabasaransky District |
| Time zone | UTC+3:00 |
# Volkovo, Amur Oblast

Volkovo (Russian: Волково) is a rural locality (a selo) and the administrative center of Volkovsky Selsoviet of Blagoveshchensky District, Amur Oblast, Russia. The population was 2,075 as of 2018. There are 36 streets.

## Geography

Volkovo is located 23 km east of Blagoveshchensk (the district's administrative centre) by road. Rovnoye is the nearest rural locality.