OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Distichlis spicata

Distichlis spicata is a species of grass known by several common names, including seashore saltgrass, inland saltgrass, and desert saltgrass. This grass is native to the Americas, where it is widespread. It can be found on other continents as well, where it is naturalized. It is extremely salt tolerant.

## Distribution and habitat

Distichlis spicata thrives along coastlines and on salt flats and disturbed soils, as well as forest, woodland, montane, and desert scrub habitats. It can form dense monotypic stands, and it often grows in clonal colonies. Non-clonal populations tend to be skewed toward a majority of one sex or the other. The grass forms sod with its hearty root system. Its rhizomes have sharp points which allow it to penetrate hard soils and aerenchymous tissues, which allow it to grow underwater and in mud.
This plant grows easily in salty and alkaline soils, excreting salts from its tissues via salt glands.

## Description

Distichlis spicata is a hardy perennial with rhizomes and sometimes stolons. It is an erect grass which occasionally approaches half a meter in height but is generally shorter. The solid, stiff stems have narrow leaves up to 10 centimeters in length, which may be crusted with salt in saline environments.
This species is dioecious, meaning the male flowers and female flowers grow on separate individuals. The pistillate inflorescence may be up to 8 centimeters long, with green or purple-tinted spikelets. The staminate flowers look quite similar, thinner but larger overall and denser. The flower parts of both sex may be bright pinkish-purple.

## Uses

Because it gets rid of excess salts by secreting it onto its surfaces, the Kawaiisu Indians were able to make salt blocks by scraping off the salt.
"Under favorable soil and moisture conditions, studies have shown Saltgrass favorable for pastures irrigated with saline water. The total dry matter yields were 9081 kg/ha with a total protein production of 1300 kg/ha. Saltgrass is grazed by both cattle and horses and it has a forage value of fair to good because it remains green when most other grasses are dry during the drought periods and it is resistant to grazing and trampling. It is cropped both when green and in the dry state; however, it is most commonly used the winter for livestock feed. Saltgrass along the Atlantic coast was the primary source of hay for the early colonists."
# École secondaire des Chutes

École secondaire des Chutes (French: Chutes Secondary School; Falls Secondary) may refer to:
* École secondaire des Chutes (Rawdon) of the Commission scolaire des Samares
* École secondaire des Chutes (Shawinigan) of the Commission scolaire de l'Énergie
# Hugh Goldie (footballer, born 1923)

Hugh Goldie (14 December 1923 – 24 February 1993) was a Scottish footballer who played for Dumbarton, Raith Rovers, Ayr United and Albion Rovers.
# Château Angélus

Château Angélus, until 1990 known as Château L'Angélus, or simply L'Angélus, is a winery in the Right Bank of the Bordeaux wine region, in the appellation of Saint-Émilion. The estate was formerly highly ranked in the Classification of Saint-Émilion wine, being promoted to Premier grand cru classé in 1996, then Premier grand cru classé (A) in 2012, before withdrawing from the classification in 2021.
The château also produces a second wine named Carillon d’Angélus (since 1987) and a third wine, No. 3 d’Angélus. A fourth label was announced in 2022 called Tempo d’Angélus which is a Bordeaux AOP wine from plots of land acquired in the Côtes de Bordeaux Castillon area to the east of Saint-Émilion in 2017, though the wine is labeled as Bordeaux AOP.

## History

The estate has been owned by the Boüard de Laforest family since the Domaine de Mazerat was bequeathed to Comte Maurice de Boüard de Laforest in 1910, and expanded by the acquisition of Clos de L'Angélus in 1922 by Elisabeth Bouchet his wife and a plot from Château Beau-Séjour Bécot in 1969. The name refers to the three Angelus bells audible from the vineyards, coming from the chapel at Mazerat, the church in Saint-Martin de Mazerat and Saint-Émilion.
Hubert de Boüard de Laforest joined the family business at Angélus in 1976 having concluded studies under Émile Peynaud at the Faculté d'Oenologie in Bordeaux. Along with several modernising changes, the practice of maturing in new oak was begun in 1980.
The estate was not included in the 2022 classification, having withdrawn in early 2022. It was previously classified as a Premier grand cru cru classé (A) in 2012, previously a Premier grand cru cru classé (B) since 1996, and was before that classified as Grand cru classé.
But according to research of journalist Isabelle Saporta, Hubert de Boüard is judge and jury in the preparation of the classification. In 2018, the co-owner Hubert de Bouard has been charged with seeking to unfairly influence the outcome of the coveted Saint-Emilion Grand Cru Classé rankings in his favour.
Angélus is currently managed by Hubert de Boüard, with the consultancy of the oenologist Michel Rolland.

## Production

The estate consists of 23.4 hectares with a grape variety of 51% Merlot, 47% Cabernet Franc and 2% Cabernet Sauvignon. The annual production averages 10,000 cases of the Grand vin and 1,000 cases of the second wine.
# Night Song (2016 film)

Night Song (French: Mobile Étoile) is a 2016 Franco-Canadian drama film written and directed by Raphaël Nadjari. It stars Géraldine Pailhas, Luc Picard, Felicia Shulman and Eléonore Lagacé. It won the Tobias Spencer Award at the Haifa International Film Festival.

## Cast

* Géraldine Pailhas as Hannah Hermann
* Luc Picard as Daniel Dussault
* Felicia Shulman as Etha Salomons
* Éléonore Lagacé as Abigail Colin
* Paul Kunigis as Samuel Badaszcs
* Alexandre Sheasby as David Hermann-Dussault
* Marcel Sabourin as Jean-Paul Dussault
* Raymond Cloutier as Marlus
* Michèle Dascain as Madame Kessel
* Jean Cordier as Monsieur Ruben
* Dorothée Berryman as Liliane Levy
* Natalie Choquette as Natalie Colin / Hannah's voice
# Nordens Frihet

Nordens Frihet (Swedish: Nordic Freedom) was a Swedish language anti-Nazi weekly magazine that was published by Samfundet Nordens Frihet, an association established to support the independence of the Nordic countries. The magazine existed between March 1940 and December 1945.

## History and profile

Nordens Frihet was started by an association, Samfundet Nordens Frihet, on 28 March 1940. The editorial board consisted of ten individuals, including historian Nils Ahnlund and writer Eyvind Johnson, who were all members of the association. Its editor was Harald Wigforss.
The magazine was published on a weekly basis until April 1944 when its frequency was switched to monthly. It had an anti-Fascist political stance and encouraged the independence of the Nordic countries during World War II. Following the invasion of Denmark and Norway by the Nazi forces in April 1940 it called for the formation of a defensive alliance by Sweden and Finland. The magazine was also against Soviet Union's policies of invasion.
Nordens Frihet ceased publication in December 1945.
# Abdelaziz Abbès

Abdelaziz Abbès (Arabic: عزيز عباس; born 7 October 1963) is an Algerian football manager. Since 2012, he has worked in teams like CA Bordj Bou Arréridj, CRB Aïn Fakroun, CA Batna, MC El Eulma, USM El Harrach, NC Magra and WA Tlemcen.
# Beriev Be-8

The Beriev Be-8 (USAF/DoD reporting name "Type 33", NATO reporting name "Mole"), was built by the Soviet Beriev OKB in 1947. It was a passenger/liaison amphibian aircraft with a layout similar to the Be-4 but substantially larger and heavier. It was a single engined parasol winged aircraft, with the wing installed on a thin pylon and two pairs of short struts. Compared to the Be-4, the Be-8 was equipped with retractable landing gear, with cockpit and passenger cabins heated by an engine exhaust heat exchanger. The Be-8 was intended as a civil aircraft and carried no armament. First flight was on 3 December 1947, demonstrating good performance and of the two prototypes, one was demonstrated during the 1951 Soviet Aviation Day at Tushino.
One Be-8 was equipped with hydrofoils, developed at TsAGI. These "Underwater Wings" were installed on landing gear struts and raised the aircraft above the water, well before the aerodynamic lift could support the aircraft. As a result, takeoff was much easier and imposed less punishment on the hull from the waves. Despite being very effective during take-off, the hydrofoils resulted in increased drag and a reduction in maximum airspeed. Construction of retractable hydrofoils was not ready, and the concept did not find practical applications.

## Specifications (Be-8)

Data from The Osprey Encyclopedia of Russian Aircraft 1875–1995
General characteristics
* Crew: 2
* Capacity: 6 passengers
* Length: 13.0 m (42 ft 8 in)
* Wingspan: 19.0 m (62 ft 4 in)
* Wing area: 40 m$^2$ (430 sq ft)
* Empty weight: 2,815 kg (6,206 lb)
* Gross weight: 3,624 kg (7,990 lb)
* Fuel capacity: 352 kg (776 lb)
* Powerplant: 1 × Shvetsov ASh-21 seven-cylinder air-cooled radial engine, 520 kW (700 hp)
* Propellers: 3-bladed VISh constant speed, 3 m (9 ft 10 in) diameter
Performance
* Maximum speed: 266 km/h (165 mph, 144 kn) at 1,800 m (5,900 ft)
* Cruise speed: 220 km/h (140 mph, 120 kn)
* Range: 1,205 km (749 mi, 651 nmi)
* Service ceiling: 5,500 m (18,000 ft)
# Kytina

Kytina (Ancient Greek: Κύτινα) was a town in ancient Thessaly. It is unlocated.
# Montreal Vegan Festival

The Montreal Vegan Festival (French: Festival végane de Montréal) is an annual event that has been taking place in Montreal during each fall since 2014, with the aim to raise awareness about veganism.

## Description

The festival's purpose is to familiarize the public with veganism, a way of life consisting in abstaining from the use of animal products, by emphasizing the ethical and environmental reasons for doing so. such a transition. There are only kiosks of companies and non-profit organizations refusing animal exploitation, as well as organizations dedicated to animal welfare and anti-speciesism, as well as conferences and cooking demonstrations.
In its first year in 2014, the festival took place at the Cœur des sciences of the University of Quebec in Montreal, and then at the Marché Bonsecours. Since its inception, entry to the festival has been free.
In its second edition in 2015, the festival welcomed more than 10,000 people and then 15,000 in 2016.
In 2018, it will take place at the Palais des congrès de Montréal.

## Guests and themes

On health issues, there have been guests such as renowned Canadian doctor David Jenkins, Michael Greger, Vesanto Melina, Anne-Marie Roy and Tushar Mehta.
In terms of vegan athletes, the festival welcomed hockey player Georges Laraque, Olympic skier Seba Johnson, Antoine Jolicoeur Desroches, swimmer Xavier Desharnais and skater Meagan Duhamel.
# Gramam

Gramam (Namma Gramam) is an Indian bilingual film written, directed and produced by actor-producer Mohan Sharma. It was simultaneously made in Malayalam and Tamil languages under the titles Gramam and Namma Gramam, respectively. It stars Nishan, Samvrutha, Nedumudi Venu, Sukumari Nair, Mohan Sharma, Y. G. Mahendraa, Nalini and Fathima Babu. The film, which was well received by critics upon its screening at various film festivals, won two National Film Awards and two Kerala State Film Awards among other laurels. Gramam is the first part of a trilogy on the Palakkad Brahmin community. Set between 1937 and 1947, the film is about a child widow and how she fights societal conventions. The second and third parts of the trilogy will be respectively set between 1947-1962 and 1962–1975. The film got released in Kerala on 10 August 2012. Sukumari received the National award for Best Supporting actress in 2010 for her sensitive portrayal.

## Awards
### National Film Awards

* Won - Silver Lotus Award - Best Supporting Actress - Sukumari
* Won - Silver Lotus Award - Best Costume Design - Indrans Jayan

### Kerala State Film Awards

* Best Story - Mohan Sharma
* Best Male Playback Singer - Balamuralikrishna

### Tamil Nadu State Film Awards

* Tamil Nadu State Film Award Special Prize for Best Film -Mohan Sharma
* Best Editor-B. Lenin

## Cast

* Mohan Sharma as Rao Bahadur Mani Swami
* Nishan as Kannan
* Samvrutha as Thulasi
* Sukumari as Amminiyamma/ Paatti
* Nedumudi Venu as Govindankutty Maashu
* Nalini as Kunju Ammaal
* Priya as Nechumu/Lakshmiyamma
* Renuka as Thankam
* Kozhikode Narayanan Nair as Panikkar Jolsyan
* Kalamandalam Radhika as Narayani
* Fathima Babu as Karthyayani
* Y. G. Mahendra as Burma Ambi Swami
* Maya Vishwanath as Bhargavi
* Kripa as Vrinda
* Aneesh G Menon as Kuttan
* Ravi Shankar
* Abhilash
# Fathabad, Qaen

Fathabad (Persian: فتح اباد, also Romanized as Fatḩābād) is a village in Nimbeluk Rural District, Nimbeluk District, Qaen County, South Khorasan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 183, in 47 families.
# Zalissia, Ternopil Raion, Ternopil Oblast

Zalissia (Ukrainian: Залісся) is a village in Kozova settlement hromada, Ternopil Raion, Ternopil Oblast, Ukraine.

## History

The village was founded in the late 19th century.
After the liquidation of the Kozova Raion on 19 July 2020, the village became part of the Ternopil Raion.

## Religion

* Church of the Ascension (1994).
# Artem Ryabyi

Artem Vladyslavovych Ryabyi (Ukrainian: Артем Владиславович Рябий; born 4 August 2001) is a Ukrainian professional footballer who plays as a right winger for Ukrainian club Viktoriya Sumy.

## Personal life

He is the twin brother of Denys Ryabyi.
# Mohammad Bannout

Mohammad Ali Bannout (محمد علي بنوت; born 17 December 1976, in Beirut, Lebanon), informally referred to as Moe Bannout, is a Lebanese IFBB professional bodybuilder.

## Competitive statistics

* Age: 47
* Height: 1.78 m
* Competitive weight: 108 kg
* Off Competitive weight : 120 kg

## Competitive history

* 2002, The Hero of Heroes of Lebanon
* 2003, The Hero of Heroes of Lebanon
* 2004, The Hero of Heroes of Lebanon
* 2005, The Hero of Heroes of Lebanon
* 2005, Arab Bodybuilding Championship, Jordan, 5th
* 2006, Arab Bodybuilding Championship, Jordan
* 2007, IFBB World Amateur Bodybuilding Championships, Light Heavyweight, 3rd
* 2009, IFBB Ironman Pro Invitational, 7th
* 2010, IFBB Phoenix Pro, Open, 10th
* 2014, IFBB Phoenix Pro, Open, 1st
* 2015, IFBB Mr Olympia, Open, 16th
# Samuel Haida

Samuel ben Moses Haida (Hebrew: שמואל בן משה היידא; 1626 – 1 June 1685) was a Bohemian Kabbalistic author. He was dayyan and preacher in Prague, which was probably his native city.
He edited the Tanna debe Eliyahu Rabbah with two commentaries and copious references (Prague, 1676); but he changed the text arbitrarily, considering himself to be under the inspiration of the prophet Elijah, whom he believed to be the author of this work of an unknown writer in the 10th century. In order to receive this inspiration he fasted, visited the graves of pious men, and engaged in different mystic practises. He justifies pilpulistic methods, and finds even for the habit of gesticulations at Talmudic disputations a basis in Biblical and Talmudic literature, for which he is severely criticized by Yair Ḥayyim Bacharach.
# Henry Balog

Henry from the kindred Balog (Hungarian: Balog nembeli Henrik; died after 1300) was a Hungarian nobleman in the late 14th century. He was a councillor of King Andrew III of Hungary during the last years of his reign.

## Life

Henry was born into the Atyfi (Adfi, Othfi) branch of the gens (clan) Balog of German origin, which settled in the Kingdom of Hungary in the 11th century. His father was Oth. Henry had two brothers, Nicholas and Conrad. The latter was ancestor of the Atyfi de Balog and the Uza de Panyit noble families. Henry had a son John, who appeared in contemporary records between 1323 and 1331. He had no known descendants.
Henry owned villages and landholdings in Gömör and Hont counties. According to historian Pál Engel, he erected a stone castle near the namesake estate of his clan, Balog in Gömör County (present-day Veľký Blh, Slovakia) around 1290. Because his son and nephews joined the allegiance of the powerful oligarch Matthew Csák in the early 14th century, Charles I of Hungary confiscated the castle from them in 1320. Three years later, the monarch handed over the fort to the pro-royal Szécsi branch of the Balog kindred. Sometime after 1290, Henry also owned the castle of Murány (present-day Muráň, Slovakia), after the sons of Stephen, son of Tekesh handed over it in exchange for their debt. Andrew III confirmed the contract in 1299, his charter referred to the fort as a "ruined castle".
One of the (23rd) articles of the 1298 national diet, under the influence of the clergy, established a four-member lesser council within the royal council, consisting of two nobles (representatives of the "nobility with uniform status") and two prelates (suffragans each belonging to the archdioceses of Esztergom and Kalocsa) with a three-month term. Thomas Hont-Pázmány and Henry Balog were elected councilors, representing the nobility. Henry already appeared in this position in February 1299. The members of the lesser council were granted veto power, thus effectively taking over the management of the entire royal council and successfully isolate Archbishop Gregory Bicskei, who turned against Andrew III. Both nobles were affiliated with the Hungarian prelates (Thomas was the brother of Archbishop John Hont-Pázmány), who were the strong pillars of Andrew's reign. When Bicskei refused to attend the 1299 national diet, Andrew III sent two envoys, Paul, provost of Kalocsa, and royal councilor Henry Balog to the archiepiscopal court of Esztergom to reconcile with the rebellious archbishop, but Bicskei already escaped to Andrew's domestic enemies by then. Henry was last referred to as a royal councilor in November 1300. His remaining fate is unknown.
# Kulgan

Kulgan (Persian: كولگان, also Romanized as Kūlgān) is a village located in Nehzatabad Rural District, in the Central District of Rudbar-e Jonubi County, Kerman Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 1,007, in 224 families.
# Sacred Heart Cathedral, Bamako

The Sacred Heart Cathedral (French: Cathédrale du Sacré-Cœur-de-Jésus de Bamako) is located in Bamako, the capital of Mali it serves as the cathedral of the Archdiocese of Bamako.

## History

Bamako was originally a traditional village. It gradually urbanizing the late nineteenth century, increasingly attracting newcomers especially after his erection as the seat of government of the colony in 1897. It was in Kati (about 15 km from Bamako) that is set to the end of 1897, the first Catholic mission from which catholic priests visited Christians in Bamako: officers, merchants, workers and soldiers mostly. In 1907 the Catholic mission of Kati acquired land in Bamako and in 1910 built a building that served as a chapel for regular services. Construction of the cathedral began, however, the February 21, 1925, with the blessing of the first stone by Archbishop Sauvant, in the presence of Marshal Petain. Two years later, the building is in service. Bamako Cathedral was completed in 1936. Until 1957, it was the only official place of Catholic worship in the city. Bishop Pierre-Louis Leclerc was installed as the first archbishop of Bamako on 21 February 1956. He was buried in the cathedral in 1988.
# Paromitar Ek Din

Paromitar Ek Din (Bengali: পারমিতার একদিন Paromitar Êkdin, lit. "One day of Paromita's", English title: House of Memories) is a 2000 Indian Bengali drama film directed by Aparna Sen.

## Plot

The film explores the dual themes of friendship and loneliness. The film starts at Sanaka's funeral where Paromita is invited too. Paromita goes into a flashback where it is shown that she was previously married to Sanaka's younger son, Biru. The mother-in-law and daughter-in-law duo, Sanaka (Aparna Sen) and Paromita (Rituparna Sengupta), despite differences in age, backgrounds and temperaments, build a strong bond. But when Paromita's marriage to Biru breaks down, social mores prevent the women from remaining close friends. While Paromita marries Rajeev Shrivastav and begins a new life, her mother-in-law, Sanaka, is left heartbroken and alone and eventually falls seriously ill. When Paromita learns of her friend's deterioration, she is compelled to flout convention, and returns to nurse Sanaka on her deathbed. Sanaka dies, leaving her family shattered. The flashback ends, Paromita leaves the funeral and realizes that she and Rajeev are expecting their first child.

## Cast

* Aparna Sen as Sanaka Sanyal (Biru and Sanjukta's mother)
* Rituparna Sengupta as Paromita Sanyal (Biru's wife)
* Sohini Sengupta as Sanjukta (Khuku)
* Soumitra Chatterjee as Moni Biswas (Moni-daa or Moni-mama)
* Rajatava Dutta as Biru Sanyal (Paromita's husband and Sanaka's younger son)
* Rita Koiral as Sanaka's elder daughter in law
* Rajesh Sharma as Rajeev Shrivastav (Paromita's second husband)
* Dulal Lahiri
* Kaushik Banerjee
* Ratna Sarkar

## Awards

The film had won many national and international awards –
* 2000 – Ecumenical Jury Award at the 35th International Film festival of Karlovy Vary
* 2000 – Best Film recommendation from the FIPRESCI Jury at 3rd International Film Festival of Mumbai
* 2000 – National Film Award for Best Supporting Actress for Sohini Sengupta
* 2000 – National Film Award for Best Feature Film in Bengali
* 2000 – National Film Award for Best Female Playback Singer – Jayashree Dasgupta – "Hridoy Amar Prokash Holo..."
# François-Jean de Chastellux

François Jean de Beauvoir, Marquis de Chastellux (French:; 5 May 1734, in Paris – 24 October 1788, in Paris), was a military officer who served during the War of American Independence as a major general in the French expeditionary forces led by general Comte de Rochambeau. Being on general Rochambeau's staff for the duration of the war, Chastellux acted as the principal liaison officer between the French commander in chief and George Washington.
The Chevalier de Chastellux was also widely recognized, at the time of his campaigns in America, as a highly talented man of letters and a member of the Académie Française.

## Early literary career

He first became known as a writer, historian and philosopher. He was the third member elected to occupy Seat 2 of the Académie française in 1775.

## Military career in America

After arriving in America in July 1780, Chastellux participated to the American Revolutionary War as Major General in the French expeditionary force led by general Rochambeau. During the following year, he was third in command of the French forces engaged at the decisive Siege of Yorktown in 1781 where the British were ultimately defeated. Major General de Chastellux was fluent in English and with his strong ideological support of the American cause, he served the alliance well. During the latter part of the campaign he was the principal liaison officer between George Washington and French general Rochambeau. Thereafter, Chastellux remained a personal friend of George Washington for life. Furthermore, the College of William and Mary and the University of Pennsylvania also awarded Chastellux with honorary degrees. After his return to France, Chastellux also remained in contact with Thomas Jefferson, now the American representative in Paris, whom he had previously visited on his Virginia estate at Monticello. He was elected both a Foreign Honorary Member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, and of the American Philosophical Society in 1781 (the latter honorary membership in the same year was bestowed upon Lafayette and François Barbé-Marbois, both of whom were fellow friends to the American Revolutionary cause).

## His late literary career

Major General de Chastellux placed on record and published in 1786 his complete recollections of the American War of Independence. This included a description of his travels in America after the war had ended. Chastellux described George Washington as an effective yet profoundly humane leader in wartime.