OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Frank Peck

Frank Peck (1863–1931) was an architect who was articled to Watkins and Scorer of Lincoln (1879–84).

## Career

He started work with Edward I'Anson in 1884 and then worked as Chief Assistant to Aston Webb between 1887 and 1895. He became an ARIBA in 1898 and set up an office at 27 Old Queen's Street, Westminster. He was responsible for designing Government Offices and also industrial complexes. In 1908 he designed the 1st phase of Grace Marple's Petwood at Woodhall Spa and in 1910 a very early sugar beet factory at Sleaford, which never appears to have been built. He was elected an FRIBA in 1914. In 1915 he left England to settle in New Zealand, as he was unable to get sufficient work as the result of the War. He became the architect for a major Gothic Cathedral at Nelson in New Zealand. The cathedral was not fully completed, as a result of an earthquake in 1924.

## Architectural work
### Churches

* St Paul's Church, Kingston Hill, Surrey.
* St James’ Church, Streatham, London.(1910–12)
* St Saviour's Church, St Albans. Rood screen, Lady Chapel Interior.
* St Peter's, Woodhall Spa. -design for tower and spire.
* St Agnes, Spital, Windsor. New aisle.

#### New Zealand

* Presbyterian Church, Motueka. (1917)

### Houses

* Pond's Farm, Beaconsfield.
* No.10 The Avenue, Lincoln. (1892) Queen Anne style. Brick. One bay to right, set between central wide arched recessed doorway and wide two storey canted bay windows to the right. Extended dormer cutting across the eaves, and balcony with set-back window above arch with balcony. Bay windows with six panes in upper sash and single pane in lower sash.
* Petwood, Woodhall Spa, Lincolnshire. (1905). Commissioned by Grace Maple, heiress of the furniture-store owner Sir John Blundell Maple. The bungalow first proposed in 1905 didn't meet her lavish tastes and the project quickly grew wings under architect the Frank Peck. The extended house became a grand affair of “Tudor to Jacobean” style.
* Tummers, Chalfont Grove, Buckinghamshire.
* Doctor's House, Goldhill, Buckinghamshire.

## Literature

* Antram N (revised), Pevsner N & Harris J, (1989), The Buildings of England: Lincolnshire, Yale University Press.
* Antonia Brodie (ed), Directory of British Architects, 1834–1914: 2 Vols, British Architectural Library, Royal Institute of British Architects, 2001

## On-line

* N.Z. Building Progress April 1917. (pg.921)
* N.Z. Building Progress April 1917. (pg.922)
# Pavel Ivashko

Pavel Aleksandrovich Ivashko (Russian: Павел Александрович Ивашко; born 16 November 1994 in Surgut) is a Russian sprinter specialising in the 400 metres. He won the silver with the Russian 4 × 400 metres relay at the 2014 European Championships. Individually his biggest success is the silver medal at the 2015 European U23 Championships.
His personal best in the event is 45.25 seconds set in the heats of the 2015 World Championships in Beijing.

## Competition record

| Year | Competition | Venue | Position | Event | Notes |
| Representing Russia ||||||
| 2013 | European Junior Championships | Rieti, Italy | 1st | 400 m | 45.81 |
| 2013 | European Junior Championships | Rieti, Italy | 1st | 4 × 400 m relay | 3:04.87 |
| 2014 | IAAF World Relays | Nassau, Bahamas | 17th (h) | 4 × 400 m relay | 3:05.00 |
| 2014 | European Championships | Zürich, Switzerland | DQ | 4 × 400 m relay | 2:59.38 |
| 2015 | European U23 Championships | Tallinn, Estonia | 2nd | 400 m | 45.73 |
| 2015 | European U23 Championships | Tallinn, Estonia | – | 4 × 400 m relay | DQ |
| 2015 | World Championships | Beijing, China | 25th (h) | 400 m | 45.25 |
| 2015 | World Championships | Beijing, China | 8th | 4 × 400 m relay | 3:03.05 |
# Lysychanskyi

Lysychanskyi (Ukrainian: Лисичанський) is a settlement in Sievierodonetsk Raion (district) in Luhansk Oblast of eastern Ukraine.
Until 18 July 2020, Lysychanskyi was located in Popasna Raion. The municipality was abolished that day as part of the administrative reform of Ukraine and the number of raions of Luhansk Oblast was reduced to eight, of which only four were controlled by the government. Popasna Raion was merged into Sievierodonetsk Raion.
# Richard Reading

Richard W. Reading (February 7, 1882 – December 9, 1952) was a Republican mayor of Detroit, Michigan from 1938 to 1940.

## Biography

Richard William Reading was born in Detroit on February 7, 1882, the son of Richard W. and Louise M. Reading. He was educated in the Detroit Public Schools and attended the University of Detroit.
Reading married Blanche White in 1901. The couple had four children.
Reading was for a time a semi-pro wrestler. He later worked variously as a printer, a newspaper executive, and a real estate dealer before entering public life in 1921.
Reading was appointed City Assessor in 1921, moved to City Controller in 1924, and was elected City Clerk in 1926. He stayed in the office of clerk until 1939, when he ran for mayor, ultimately defeating Patrick H. O'Brien by nearly two-to-one. However, once in the office, Reading engaged in graft, selling protection to numbers racketeers and promotions to police officers. This corruption was exposed as the campaign for the next mayoral election was gearing up, and Reading was crushed by Edward Jeffries.
Shortly after leaving office, Reading was indicted on charges of accepting bribes and conspiring to protect Detroit's gambling rackets. He was sentenced to four to five years in prison, of which he served three.
Richard W. Reading died on December 9, 1952, in Brighton, Michigan.
Political offices :
| Preceded byFrank Couzens | Mayor of Detroit January 4, 1938 – January 1, 1940 | Succeeded byEdward Jeffries |
# Siklawica Falls

Siklawica Falls (Polish: Wodospad Siklawica) is a waterfall located in the Western Tatras, south of Zakopane, Poland, dropping a total of 24 m (79 ft) making it the second highest waterfall in the Polish Tatra Mountains.
Siklawica Falls is located at 1,100 metres (3,600 ft) above sea level on the Strążyski Potok brook in the Strążyski Valley of the Western Tatras. The 24-meter high waterfall lies within the Tatra National Park. It descends from two nearly vertically inclined walls (at an angle of 80°) and consists of two main cascades. The height of both the lower and upper cascade is 12 m.
The name of the waterfall is derived from the Siklawa Falls located in the Valley of the Five Polish Lakes. Former names of the waterfall include Sicząca and Siczawa. The site attracted visitors from the early beginnings of tourism in the Tatras in the 19th century with Ludwik Zejszner describing the waterfall in 1849 as "worthy of seeing in every respect".
# A. Harding Steerman

A. Harding Steerman (21 November 1863 – 1947) was an English actor. He is sometimes credited as Harding Steerman.
He was born Alfred Harding Treeby Stalman in St Pancras, London and died in Plymouth, Devon.

## Selected filmography

* Iron Justice (1915)
* A Bid for Fortune (1917)
* The Elusive Pimpernel (1919)
* The Manchester Man (1920)
* Mr. Gilfil's Love Story (1920)
* Bleak House (1920)
* Beyond the Dreams of Avarice (1920)
* Love at the Wheel (1921)
* The God in the Garden (1921)
* The Corner Man (1921)
* The Old Curiosity Shop (1921)
* The Lilac Sunbonnet (1922)
* The Scourge (1922)
* Diana of the Crossways (1922)
* A Romance of Old Baghdad (1922)
* The Three Students (1923)
* Love, Life and Laughter (1923)
* Lights of London (1923)
* Motherland (1927)
* Other People's Sins (1931)
# Chris McMenamin

Chris McMenamin (born 2 January 1989 in Glasgow) is a Scottish footballer.
After spending much of last season on loan with Berwick while an Airdrie United player, defender Chris has now joined Berwick on a permanent basis. During his loan stint Chris, who made just a handful of first team appearances while at Airdrie United, made 24 appearances for Berwick last season and scored three times. Won SFL Young Player of Month during last season.
January 2010, Berwick Rangers have loaned former Airdrie youngster Chris McMenamin to junior side Linlithgow Rose
# Nikulino, Selivanovsky District, Vladimir Oblast

Nikulino (Russian: Никулино) is a rural locality (a selo) in Malyshevskoye Rural Settlement, Selivanovsky District, Vladimir Oblast, Russia. The population was 2 as of 2010.

## Geography

Nikulino is located 36 km south of Krasnaya Gorbatka (the district's administrative centre) by road. Poshatovo is the nearest rural locality.
# Serra Negra Biological Reserve

Serra Negra Biological Reserve (Portuguese: Reserva Biológica de Serra Negra) is a Biological reserve in the state of Pernambuco, Brazil.

## History

Indigenous languages such as Huamoé were spoken in the Serra Negra.
The reserve of 624 hectares (1,540 acres) was created on 20 September 1982. The area at time of creation was 1,100 hectares (2,700 acres). It became part of the Caatinga Ecological Corridor, created in May 2006.
The reserve is in parts of the municipalities of Floresta, Inajá and Tacaratu in Pernambuco. It is administered by the Chico Mendes Institute for Biodiversity Conservation. Today, the purpose of the reserve is to fully preserve the biota without direct human interference other than actions to restore and preserve the natural balance, biological diversity and natural ecological processes.

## Ecosystem

The Biological Reserve is classed as a "strict nature reserve" under IUCN protected area category Ia.
The climate of the surrounding area is dry and tropical with an annual average rainfall of 300 to 500 millimetres (12 to 20 in) and average temperature of 22 to 38 °C (72 to 100 °F).
The reserve occupies the summit of an inselberg, or isolated elevation, and is an island of tropical rainforest in the Caatinga area.
Tree species include Libidibia ferrea, Copaifera trapezifolia and Tabebuia. The grey-breasted parakeet (Pyrrhura griseipectus) is a protected species in the reserve.
# Institute for High Energy Physics

State Research Center – Institute for High Energy Physics (IHEP) is a research organisation in Protvino (near Moscow, Moscow Oblast), Russia. It was established in 1963.
IHEP signed an agreement concerning scientific and technical co-operation between CERN and the State Committee of the USSR on the Utilization of Atomic Energy in 1967. CERN director-generals Victor Weisskopf and Bernard Gregory played a central role in establishing IHEP's international collaboration with CERN.
The institute is known for the particle accelerator U-70 synchrotron launched in 1967 with the maximum proton energy of 70 GeV, which had the largest proton energy in the world for five years.
The first director of the institute from 1963 to 1974 was Anatoly Logunov. From 1974 to 1993, professor Lev Solovyov (Russian: Лев Дмитриевич Соловьев) served as the director of the institute. A professor, Nikolai E. Tyurin has been the director of the institute since 2003.
In 1978, a scientist of the institute, Anatoli Bugorski, was irradiated by an extreme dose of proton beam. His demise was deemed inevitable as the doctors believed he had received a dosage far in excess of what could be considered fatal. However, he survived the accident and continued to work in the institute.
# Igor Potapovich

Igor Potapovich (Игорь Потапович; born September 6, 1967, in Almaty) is a former pole vault athlete from Kazakhstan. Potapovich won his first World Junior Championship in 1986. He won the World Cup in 1992. He also finished second at the 1995 IAAF World Indoor Championships and became the indoor World Champion two years later in 1997.
Potapovich also won the Asian Games in 1994 and the 1998. Potapovich finished 4th at the 1996 Olympic Games and did not make the finals of the 2000 Olympic Games. His personal best was 5.92 metres.

## International competitions

| Year | Competition | Venue | Position | Notes |
| Representing the Soviet Union |||||
| 1986 | World Indoor Championships | Athens, Greece | 1st | 5.50 m |
| 1989 | European Indoor Championships | The Hague, Netherlands | 2nd | 5.75 m |
| 1990 | Goodwill Games | Seattle, United States | 7th | 5.57 m |
| Representing the Unified Team |||||
| 1992 | World Cup | Havana, Cuba | 1st | 5.60 m |
| Representing Kazakhstan |||||
| 1993 | World Indoor Championships | Toronto, Canada | 9th | 5.50 m |
| 1993 | World Championships | Stuttgart, Germany | 14th (q) | 5.65 m |
| 1993 | Asian Championships | Manila, Philippines | 2nd | 5.50 m |
| 1994 | Asian Games | Hiroshima, Japan | 1st | 5.65 m |
| 1995 | World Indoor Championships | Barcelona, Spain | 2nd | 5.80 m |
| 1995 | World Championships | Gothenburg, Sweden | 9th | 5.60 m |
| 1996 | Summer Olympics | Atlanta, United States | 4th | 5.86 m |
| 1997 | World Indoor Championships | Paris, France | 1st | 5.90 m |
| 1997 | World Championships | Athens, Greece | 14th (q) | 5.60 m |
| 1998 | Asian Championships | Fukuoka, Japan | 1st | 5.55 m |
| 1998 | World Cup | Johannesburg, South Africa | 4th | 5.60 m$^1$ |
| 1998 | Asian Games | Bangkok, Thailand | 1st | 5.55 m |
| 1999 | World Indoor Championships | Maebashi, Japan | 4th | 5.70 m |
| 1999 | World Championships | Seville, Spain | 7th | 5.70 m |
| 2000 | Summer Olympics | Sydney, Australia | – | NM |
$^1$Representing Asia
# Louisa Stanhope

Louisa Sidney Stanhope (fl. 1806–1827) was an English novelist of the early 19th century. She wrote mainly historical and Gothic romances in profusion, counting as Britain's tenth most productive novelist in the 1800–1829 period. Her didactic novels were aimed mainly at younger female readers.

## Delicacy and strength

A scholar notes of The Age We Live In (1809) and Runnemede (1825) (and by implication of the others) that they are didactic novels aimed at younger female readers, for it was, in Stanhope's words, "requisite to pamper the insatiate palate of romance-readers; else would the page be cast aside, and the poor author stigmatized with dullness and insipidity." Her characters maintain a balance of feminine delicacy and strength of mind.

## Identification

Nothing seems known of the author personally. No evidence other than dates can identify her with Louisa Grenville (died 1829), second wife of Charles Stanhope, 3rd Earl Stanhope, from whom she separated in 1806, receiving a maintenance payment from him of £1500 a year.

## Novels

* Montbrasil Abbey: or, Maternal Trials (1806)
* The Bandit's Bride: or, The Maid of Saxony (1807)
** French translation: L'Épouse du bandit, ou La Fille de Saxe (1810)
** reprint: Rosaline; or, The Outlaw's Bride (1842)
* Striking Likenesses; or, The Votaries of Fashion (1808)
* The Age We Live In. A Novel (1809)
* Di Montranzo; or, The Novice of Corpus Domini. A Romance (1810)
* The Confessional of Valombre. A Romance (1812)
* Madelina. A Tale Founded on Facts (1814)
* Treachery; or, The Grave of Antoinette. A Romance Interspersed with Poetry (1815)
* The Nun of Santa Maria Di Tindaro (1818)
* The Crusaders. An Historical Romance, of the Twelfth Century (1820) – "a romance of moderate merit, but tolerably free from anachronisms" (Monthly Review quoted in Jarndyce Antiquarian Booksellers: "40 Highlights for the ABE London Rare Book Fair, June 7–9, 2019")
* The Festival of Mora. An Historical Romance (1821)
* The Siege of Kenilworth. An Historical Romance (1824)
* Runnemede. An Ancient Legend (1825)
* The Seer of Tiviotdale. A Romance (1827)
* Sydney Beresford. A Tale of the Day (British Library copy dated 1835)
# Malek Shakuhi

Malek Shakuhi (Arabic: مالك شكوحي; born 5 April 1960) is a Syrian football goalkeeper who played for Syria at the 1984 Asian Cup and 1988 Asian Cup finals.
# Charlotte Maria Tucker

Charlotte Maria Tucker (8 May 1821 – 2 December 1893) was a prolific English writer and poet for children and adults, who wrote under the pseudonym A.L.O.E. (a Lady of England). Late in life she spent a period as a volunteer missionary in India, where she died.

## Early life

Charlotte Tucker was born at Friern Hatch near Friern Barnet, Middlesex, the daughter of Henry St George Tucker (1771/2–1851), twice elected chairman of the British East India Company, and his wife Jane Boswell (died 1869), the daughter of an Edinburgh writer to the signet. The family moved to London in 1822. Her father was the author of Tragedies: 'Harold' and 'Camoens' (London, 1835).
Charlotte had a secular upbringing, and her first writings were poems and plays to amuse the family. In 1847, she took charge of the education of her brother Robert's three children. Her earliest book The Claremont Tales (1852) was, she said, "originally composed for young children under my charge."

## Moral tales

The work of Charlotte Tucker as a children's writer was imbued with her Evangelical religious beliefs. Most of her stories were allegories with a clear moral, but she leavened her didacticism with a degree of realism and naturalism. As she explained in an 1851 letter to a publisher, "My position in life renders me independent of any exertions of my own; I pray but for God's blessing upon my attempts to instruct His lambs in the things which concern their everlasting welfare."
Many of her 150 or more titles appeared in magazines before being collected into books. Among her titles were The Rambles of a Rat (1857), Parliament in the Play-Room (1861), Triumph over Midian (1866), A Wreath of Smoke (1871), The Eagles Nest (1884) and Pomegranates from the Punjab (1878). A biography by a fellow children's writer, Agnes Giberne, appeared in 1895.
The proceeds from her writings she often devoted to missionary or charity work. Tucker's contemporaries criticized the strong didacticism in her writing, but her creed was concerned not with original sin but with the chance of improvement for all people and races. Her realistic portrayals of the poor may have drawn on her experience as a workhouse visitor in Marylebone. Titles of hers are still occasionally reissued by publishers specializing in Christian books, including Lamplighter Ministries, an American nonprofit organization headquartered in Mount Morris, New York, best known for its Lamplighter Family Collection series.

## Missionary work

Many of Tucker's most interesting stories are set in India. Some were translated into Indian languages. She set out for India in 1875, at the age of 54, having taught herself Hindustani. There she worked as a self-supporting volunteer missionary to Amritsar, Punjab, through the Indian Female Normal School and Instruction Society. Three years later she moved to nearby Batala, where she worked in a boys' school and as a teacher of Christian beliefs to native women. She died in Amritsar on 2 December 1893.
# Aden Crater

Aden Crater is a small shield volcano located in Doña Ana County, about 25 miles (40 km) southwest of Las Cruces, New Mexico. It is located in the northwest part of the Aden-Afton basalt field, which is part of the central area of the Potrillo volcanic field.
A fossilized ground sloth, now at the Peabody Museum, was found in a fumarole roughly 100' deep located on the SE portion of the crater rim. Several ground sloth coprolites were also recovered and were stored in the Geology department at UTEP.
No volcanic activity at Aden Crater is known from historic times. The most recent known activity has been dated to roughly 16,000 years ago.
The flows associated with the crater can be divided into two groups. The earlier lavas were more fluid and formed most of the flows to the east and south of the crater. These flows are characterized by inflation plateaus, formed when a solid crust begins to develop around a flow and the lava inflates the more ductile upper surface of the flow. The second group of flows were less fluid and accumulated closer to the vent to form the shield of the crater.

## Description

Aden Crater is an Icelandic-type shield volcano, formed by repeated eruptions of very fluid olivine basalt. This has built a very low hill 3–4 miles (4.8–6.4 km) in diameter with slopes of just 3 to 5 degrees. The hill is topped by a crater about 1,400 feet (430 m) in diameter whose rim is composed of lava spatter that dips steeply into the crater (30 to 45 degrees). The crater itself contains a former lava lake, with a spatter cone and collapse pit in the southeastern part of the crater.
The surrounding area has such features as explosion craters, collapse pits, spatter cones, and hornitos. Many of these are found on a low ridge extending to the southeast. A cluster of spatter cones is found southwest of the crater.
A striking feature of the area around the crater is the presence of herraduras. These are horseshoe-shaped lava ridges with the open end pointing downslope. These are thought to have formed where lava was extruded through a fracture in the crust of an underlying flow, perhaps where gas accumulated and promoted fracturing.

## Geologic setting

The Potrillo volcanic field is located within the Rio Grande rift, where the Earth's crust is being stretched and thinned. The rift is characterized by deep sedimentary basins, recent faulting and volcanic activity, and unusually high heat flow upwards from the Earth's mantle. Aden Crater is located atop the Aden rift, which runs northwest to southeast through the crater and is traced by collapse pits to the southeast. It is near the Robledo fault, a north–south fault of the Rio Grande rift. Both the rift and the fault are thought to have provided paths to the surface for erupting magma.
# Rafajovce

Rafajovce (Hungarian: Máriakút, until 1899: Rafajócz) is a village and municipality in Vranov nad Topľou District in the Prešov Region of eastern Slovakia.

## History

In historical records the village was first mentioned in 1596.

## Geography

The municipality lies at an altitude of 185 metres and covers an area of 4.742 km². It has a population of about 170 people.
# Bulgaria–South Africa relations

Bulgarian-South African relations are foreign relations between Bulgaria and South Africa. Interest Offices between South Africa and Bulgaria were opened initially in November 1990 and full diplomatic relations was established on February 2, 1992. Bulgaria has an embassy in Pretoria and South Africa has an embassy in Sofia.
# List of Noongar sites in the City of Melville

The City of Melville local government area lies within the traditional lands of the Beeliar people, a subgroup of the Whadjuk dialectical group of the Noongar Indigenous Australians. These are several significant Noongar sites within the City of Melville.
| Noongar name | European name | Notes |
| | Willagee | Source of red ochre. |
| Marradungup | Atwell Gallery site | Meeting place and camping ground, including for local and visiting groups. |
| Jenalup | Blackwall Reach | Very sacred, with strong ties to the Dreamtime stories of all Western Australian Aboriginal people |
| Niergarup | Preston Point | Important place of ceremony and camping for local Noongar people. |
| Yagan Mia | Wireless Hill | Also known as Yagan's Lookout.A "home of the long-necked turtle", an important source of food. |
| | Bateman | The site of a large dispute with early settlers, in which many Noongar peopled died trying to protect their land. |
| | Melville Wetlands | Water is essential, and all water bodies have spiritual qualities for the Indigenous people. |
| | Booragoon Lake | Permanent camping ground for fishing and gathering. |
| | Murdoch University site, including North Lake | A burial site. |
| | Piney Lakes Reserve | Sacred place for women. Also used for young boys' level one initiation. |
| Goolugatup | Point Heathcote | Permanent lookout, fishing and camping ground. Also used for level two initiation ceremonies. |
| Dyoondalup | Burke Drive | A source for quartz for axes and spearheads. Also used for men's business and level three initiation. |
| Dyoondalup | Point Walter | The sand bar was used as a river crossing. |
| Quaada Gabee | Bicton foreshore | Contained freshwater springs. |
| Moondaap | Point Dundas | |
| Margamangup | Lucky Bay foreshore (Attadale) | Fish were caught by hand from fish traps. |
| Kooyagoordup | Waylen Bay foreshore | |
| Doontanboro | Melville Water | |
| Wagoorjup | Canning Bridge | |
| Gabbi Kowangulup | Canning River mouth | |
| Booragoon | Canning River, lower reaches |
| Dyarlgarro Beeliar | Canning River | |
| Gabbiljee | Bull Creek | The wetlands provide more foods than the surrounding drier areas. |
| | Two Caves | Believed to be the final resting place of the Waarkarl or Rainbow Serpent. |