OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Vagabonds and Beggars Act 1494

The Vagabonds and Beggars Act 1494 or the Vagabond Act 1494 (11 Hen. 7. c. 2) was an Act of Parliament passed during the reign of Henry VII. The Act stated that "vagabonds, idle and suspected persons shall be set in the stocks for three days and three nights and have none other sustenance but bread and water and then shall be put out of Town. Every beggar suitable to work shall resort to the Hundred where he last dwelled, is best known, or was born and there remain upon the pain aforesaid."

## Social context

Local government during the early modern period in England (1400s – 1700s) was very different from modern government in that it relied on the community to enforce law and order. No police force existed and local government positions were often filled on a voluntary basis. These positions were held by neighbors, friends, employers, and churchwardens; local government was based around the idea of community and working together to establish societal order.
The early modern period challenged these social establishments as England experienced a time of inflation and extreme population growth and incurred a widening gap between the wealthy and the poor. These social pressures and changes caused a disruption in the natural order of society: the idea that every man, woman, and child knew his or her place in English society. This population growth and social change put stress on the established governmental order, changing how the government chose to maintain order throughout the country. Often, the poor became the targets of these newer laws set on re-establishing societal order. Labeled as beggars and vagabonds, laws like the Vagabonds and Beggars Act 1494 aimed to punish the poor of England for simply being poor.
Early modern England stressed the idea of societal order and that each individual should know his or her correct place within that structure. The poor challenged the existing structure because they did not necessarily fit into a specific place. The Poor Law and settlement laws and Tudor proclamations that followed reinforced the Vagabonds and Beggars Act 1494, keeping people in their correct societal place.

## Rise of crime

London, with its large population and frequent visitors, made staying anonymous an easy task for criminals. A criminal underworld soon formed and developed a security and intelligence system that protected professional criminals from the minimal policing force. Those who made their living through crime formed their own neighborhood that centered its activity around one of the busiest areas of London, St. Paul's Cathedral. The dangers of London prompted the creation of informational material that warned prospective visitors of the typical scams that criminals utilized; such as Gilbert Walker's Manifest Detection of Dice Play (1552) and Robert Greene's A Notable Discovery of Cozenage (1592).
Criminal activity broke gender boundaries and both men and women became professionals. Some women chose to act and dress like men. One of the most successful of these was Mary Frith (Moll Cutpurse) who also helped organize and instruct the criminal underworld.
# Konrad Wolf Prize

The Konrad Wolf Prize (German: Konrad-Wolf-Preis) is a German performing arts, new media art and film award given since 1986 by the Academy of Arts, Berlin (formerly the East German Academy of Arts). It is named after the East German film director and former president of the Academy, Konrad Wolf. The prize is awarded annually, alternating between the Academy's Performing Arts Section and its Film and Media Art Section, and comes with a 5,000 Euros purse.

## Recipients

* 1986: Walter Heynowski, Gerhard Scheumann
* 1987: Rainer Simon
* 1988: Ruth Berghaus
* 1988: Helke Misselwitz
* 1990: Heiner Carow, Wolfram Witt
* 1991: Katharina Thalbach
* 1992: Peter Konwitschny
* 1993: Margarethe von Trotta
* 1994: Jürgen Flimm
* 1995: Ken Loach
* 1996: Christoph Marthaler
* 1997: Volker Schlöndorff
* 1998: Michael Haneke
* 1999: Ula Stöckl
* 2000: Klaus Michael Grüber
* 2001: Agnès Varda
* 2002: Jossi Wieler
* 2003: Abbas Kiarostami
* 2004: Lars von Trier
* 2005: Andres Veiel
* 2006: Wolfgang Engel
* 2007: Edgar Reitz
* 2008: Simon McBurney
* 2009: Avi Mograbi
* 2010: Alvis Hermanis
* 2011: Béla Tarr
* 2012: Meg Stuart
* 2013: Ostkreuz
* 2014: Jürgen Holtz
* 2015: Christoph Schlingensief (postum)
* 2016: Nicola Hümpel / Nico and the Navigators
* 2017: Márta Mészáros
* 2018: Lettre International
* 2019: Heidi Specogna
* 2020: Alexander Lang
* 2021: Abderrahmane Sissako
* 2022:
* 2023: Julian Assange
# West of Pluto

West of Pluto (French: À l'ouest de Pluton) is a Canadian comedy-drama docufiction film, directed by Henry Bernadet and Myriam Verreault and released in 2008.

## Synopsis

The film presents a full day in the life of Quebec teenagers. From waking up through school to an open house , the film puts the viewer in the shoes of the different characters by presenting a selection of typical scenes from teenage life in Quebec. We see teenagers making oral presentations in class, smoking drugs, discussing existential issues, trying to get beer before the legal age, criticizing social uniformity, partying and making love.
The film is acted by a cast of non-professional teen actors, cast from the high school in the Quebec City neighbourhood of Loretteville.

## Cast

* Alexis Drolet as Jérôme
* David Bouchard as Pierre-Olivier
* Anne-Sophie Tremblay Lamontagne as Kim
* Yoann Linteau as Benoit "Paluche"
* Sandra Jacques as Émilie Bégin
* Micaël Minguy-Bédard as Nicolas
* Yann Bernard as Kevin
* Marc-Alexandre Paradis as Steve Labbé
* Denis Marchand as Gaetan
* Thomas Gionet-Lavigne as Emilie's brother
* Caroline Beauséjour as Isa
* Frédérique Boivin-Lafrance as Nath
* Cynthia Paquet as Véro
* Marie-Pier B. Touzin as Jenn
* Lise Castonguay as mother of Benoît
* Sylvain Brosseau as Mario the Pusher
* Virginie Leblanc as Magalie
* Marie Frédérique Auger as waitress at Chez Gilles Patate
* Mélanie Bouchard-Rochette as Jerome's sister
* Odette Lampron as mother of Emilie Bégin
* Mario Gagnon as Emilie Bégin's father
* Réal Rochette as Jérôme's father
* Lina Bouchard as Jerome's mother
* Alexandro Rizzo as friend of Paluche
* Roger Miville-Deschesnes as convenience store customer
* Martin Roy as convenience store clerk
* Marie-Sophie Vaillancourt as mother of Pierre-Olivier
* Victor Doyon-Allard as little boy with styrofoam
* Mia Piché as little girl with a carriage
* Mathieu St-Pierre as boy on the couch
* Luc Archambault as doctor

## Release

The film premiered in competition at the 2008 Festival du nouveau cinéma. It was subsequently screened in competition at the 2009 International Film Festival Rotterdam, before going into commercial release in February 2009.

## Followup

Verreault and Bernadet each later emerged with solo film efforts, Verreault with Kuessipan in 2019, and Bernadet with Gamma Rays (Les Rayons gamma) in 2023.
When Telefilm Canada launched its contemporary program of digitally restoring classic Canadian films in the late 2010s, West of Pluto was one of the first films selected by the FNC, with the restored version receiving a screening at the 2021 Festival du nouveau cinéma. Despite this, the film has proven perenially difficult to locate even in its digital version; in 2024, Verreault launched an appeal on social media for a distributor to make the film available, and noted that she has sometimes even resorted to mailing out home-burned DVD-R copies of the film to people who contacted her to ask where they could find it.
# Sečovská Polianka

Sečovská Polianka (Hungarian: Szécsmező, until 1899: Szécs-Polyánka) is a village and municipality in Vranov nad Topľou District in the Prešov Region of eastern Slovakia.

## History

In historical records the village was first mentioned in 1272.

## Geography

The municipality lies at an altitude of 130 metres and covers an area of 22.109 km². It has a population of about 2675 people.
# The End (2007 Hungarian film)

The End (Hungarian: Konyec - Az utolsó csekk a pohárban) is a 2007 Hungarian comedy film directed by Gábor Rohonyi.

## Cast

* Emil Keres - Emil
* Teri Földi - Hédi
* Judit Schell - Ági
* Zoltán Schmied - Andor
* Đoko Rosić - Juan
# Mahmoud Mar'ashi Najafi

Mahmoud Mar'ashi Najafi or Seyyed Mahmoud Mar'ashi Najafi (born 1941) is an Iranian librarian, Bibliographer and manuscript expert. He is the director of Mar'ashi Najafi Library, which he says is one of the largest libraries in Iran and the world.

## Life and education

Seyyed Mahmoud Mar'ashi Najafi, the eldest son of Shahab ud-Din Mar'ashi Najafi and the grandson of Seyyed Shamsuddin Mahmoud Mar'ashi Najafi, was born in 1941 in Qom, Iran. After elementary and high school in Qom, he started learning Islamic seminary sciences, studied the basics and first levels with prominent professors such as Fazel Lankarani, Seyyed Mahdi Lajevardi, Abutaleb Tajlil Tabrizi, Mohammad Sadegh Nasiri Sarabi, Mohammad Taghi Sotoudeh and Seyyed Ahmad Varamini. He then learned the highest level of seminary lessons from his father, who was a distinguished professor, and until the last days of his father's life, he was his disciple. In addition to studying religious sciences, Mar'ashi studied books and treatises of the ancients and the late in these fields due to his great interest in the sciences of rijal, genealogy, bibliography and codicology. In this way, he used his father's instructions and experiences a lot and gradually became an expert. He has received many permissions from many professors and elders. He then entered the academic sciences in the field of sociology. Mar'ashi continued his studies in sociology, first at the University of Tehran and then at the University of London, and in 1985 received a doctorate in sociology from the University of London.
# Hellange

Hellange (Luxembourgish: Helléng, German: Hellingen) is a small town in the commune of Frisange, in southern Luxembourg. As of 2024, the town has a population of 875.
# Bill Main (footballer)

William Gay Main (30 November 1915 – 18 May 1969) was a Scottish professional footballer who played as a wing half. He made six appearances in the Football League for Cardiff City.

## Career

Main began his senior career with Raith Rovers. In December 1936, he joined Football League Third Division South side Cardiff City and made his debut on Christmas Day of the same year in a defeat to Torquay United. He struggled to establish himself in the first team, making five further league appearances in the following two seasons. He left Cardiff to join Colchester United in 1939 and played in the club's opening three fixtures of the 1939–40 season before the league was suspended following the outbreak of World War II.
# Akira Nakashima

Akira Nakashima (中嶋 章 or 中島 章, also written as Nakashima Akira, Nakasima Akira or Nakajima Akira, 5 January 1908 – 29 October 1970) was a Japanese electrical engineer of the NEC.
He got a bachelor's degree in electrical engineering from the Imperial University of Tokyo.
Akira Nakashima independenly introduced switching circuit theory in papers from 1934 to 1936, concurrent with Victor Shestakov and Claude Shannon, laying the foundations for digital circuit design, in digital computers and other areas of modern technology. However, Shannon's ideas were markedly different in approach and theoretical framework compared to the work of Nakashima, whose work was still based on the existent circuit theory of the time and took a grounded approach, whereas Shannon based his work on mathematics and was far more abstract, thereby breaking new ground and setting up an approach that now dominates modern electrical engineering.
# Eduardo Mello Borges

Eduardo Mello Borges (born 14 October 1986), known simply as Edu, is a Brazilian-born naturalized Azerbaijani professional futsal player who plays for RSC Anderlecht Futsal in the Belgian Futsal Division 1 and the Azerbaijan national futsal team.

## Honours

Araz Naxçivan
* Premier League: 2011–12, 2012–13, 2013–14, 2014–15, 2015–16, 2016–17
* Futsal Cup: 2010–11, 2011–12, 2012–13, 2013–14, 2015–16, 2016–17, 2017–18
Halle-Gooik
* Belgian Futsal Division 1: 2021–22
* Belgian Cup: 2021–22
Anderlecht
* Belgian Futsal Division 1: 2022–23, 2023–24
* Belgian Cup: 2022–23, 2023–24
* Belgian Super Cup: 2023, 2024
# Hippothontis

Hippothontis (Greek: Ιπποθοντίς) was one of the phylai (tribes) of classical Athens, created during the reforms of Cleisthenes.
It was named after the legendary hero Hippothoon.
Its demes were Azenia, Hamaxanteia, Anakaia, Auridai, Acherdous, Dekeleia, Elaious, Eleusis, Eroeadae, Thymaitadai, Keiriadai, Koile, Kopros, Korydallos, Oinoe, (of the west) Oion Dekeleikon, Peiraieus.
# Kibbutz (film)

Kibbutz (Hebrew: קיבוץ) is a 2005 Israeli documentary directed by Racheli Schwartz about Kibbutz Hulata, where she lived for 30 years.
Schwartz follows various members, including her own family, over the course of five years, tracing the stages of grieving and disillusionment that follow the kibbutz's economic collapse and disintegration as the community reduces its communal commitment to its members. Three older women from the founding generation become symbols of the kibbutz's lost ideals and abandoned history, as they die off, one by one.
For the director, the narrative is a very personal story and admits early on that “making the movie helped me to decide to stay.”

## Synopsis

Five years of documenting the director's kibbutz during a severe crisis that shook its foundations and drove people to extreme actions. The film tells the story of the downfall of a single kibbutz through the perspectives of several characters, including three close friends, founding members of the kibbutz, who, at the end of their lives, are forced to witness its collapse. They roam the kibbutz grounds on motorized carts, venturing out into the beautiful, steadfast nature.
# Valamdeh

Valamdeh (Persian: ولامده, also Romanized as Valāmdeh and Volāmadeh) is a village in Zarem Rud Rural District, Hezarjarib District, Neka County, Mazandaran Province, Iran.
It is located in the Alborz (Elburz) mountain range.
At the 2006 census, its population was 636, in 144 families.
# Rudky (village)

Rudky (Ukrainian: Рудки) is a village in Kopychyntsi urban hromada, Chortkiv Raion, Ternopil Oblast, Ukraine.

## History

It has been known from the 19th century as a hamlet of the town of Sukhostav (now a village in Chortkiv Raion).
Until 19 July 2020, it belonged to the Husiatyn Raion. From 8 December 2020, it has been part of the Kopychyntsi urban hromada.
# Nouic

Nouic (French pronunciation:; Occitan: Noic) is a commune in the Haute-Vienne department in the Nouvelle-Aquitaine region in west-central France.
Inhabitants are known as Nouaijauds.
# Bill Marshalsey

William Henry Gray Marshalsey (18 April 1910 – 1977) was a Scottish professional footballer who played as a wing half. He made one appearance for Heart of Midlothian and later played in the Football League for Cardiff City.

## Career

After playing junior football for Denbeath Star, Marshalsey joined St Bernard's and was eventually offered a contract with Heart of Midlothian in 1930. He made his professional debut for the club in a 4–2 victory over Falkirk on 18 February 1932. However, he struggled to break into the first team and made no further appearances for the side.
He was placed on the transfer list, with Hearts initially valuing him at £600. However, a lack of interest led the club to reduce their asking price to £300 before eventually allowing him to join Cardiff City on a free transfer in 1933. He made seven league appearances during the 1933–34 season, scoring once against Torquay United, but was one of several players released at the end of the season after the club finished bottom of the Third Division South.
# Baudeh-ye Olya

Baudeh-ye Olya (Persian: بائوده عليا, also Romanized as Bā’ūdeh-ye ‘Olyā) is a village in Ahlamerestaq-e Jonubi Rural District, in the Central District of Mahmudabad County, Mazandaran Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 706, in 186 families.
# Võru FC Helios

Võru FC Helios is an Estonian football club based in Võru. The club was founded in 2010. The team currently plays in the II liiga, the fourth highest level of Estonian football.
The team played IV liiga in 2014–2016. In the end of year 2016, Võru JK merged with the team and Helios got their place in II liiga. They ended 2017 with 3rd place and were promoted to Esiliiga B, where Helios played until 2020.

## Players
### Current squad

As of 27 March 2024.
Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.
| No. | Pos. | Nation | Player |
| 2 | DF | EST | Arlet Raha |
| 31 | DF | EST | Trond Herman Meier |
| 4 | MF | EST | Hannes Helstein |
| 5 | MF | EST | Raul Rebane |
| 6 | MF | EST | Reijo Künnapuu |
| 7 | FW | EST | Andre Väin |
| 8 | MF | EST | Mattias Eskla |
| 10 | MF | EST | Kert Sander Eerik |
| 11 | MF | EST | Eduard Desjatski (captain) |
| 12 | DF | EST | Margo Minka |
| 13 | MF | EST | Kaspar Kimmel |
| 16 | MF | EST | Marek Jenas |
| 17 | MF | EST | Karl-Markkus Metslind |
| 19 | FW | EST | Verner Konnula |
| 21 | GK | EST | Pert Paigelkaln |
| No. | Pos. | Nation | Player |
| 22 | MF | UKR | Rustam Tadzhybaiev |
| 23 | MF | EST | Rico-Marten Vainu |
| 24 | DF | EST | Arsen Katšmazov |
| 33 | MF | EST | Johannes Luik |
| 41 | DF | EST | Mairo Reinsaar |
| 47 | GK | EST | Andrei Kiš |
| 50 | DF | EST | Tarvo Kunz |
| 55 | DF | EST | Ragnar Rebane |
| 61 | FW | EST | Christjan Truija |
| 66 | MF | EST | Emil Elrond Karu |
| 77 | MF | EST | Richard Lepp |
| 79 | MF | EST | Patrik Huma |
| 88 | MF | EST | Aimar Vendelin |
| 91 | DF | EST | Siimar Taits |

## Statistics
### League and Cup

| Season | Division | Pos | Pld | W | D | L | GF | GA | GD | Pts | Avg. Att. | Top goalscorer | Cup |
| 2014 | IV liiga S | 9 | 16 | 3 | 5 | 8 | 25 | 41 | -16 | 38 | 14 | Siim Lepp (11) | - |
| 2015 | IV liiga S | 6 | 18 | 7 | 2 | 9 | 35 | 56 | -21 | 23 | 37 | Brett Piir (9) | - |
| 2016 | IV liiga S | 4 | 18 | 9 | 1 | 8 | 41 | 43 | -2 | 23 | 15 | Kristjan Moks (7) | - |
| 2017 | II liiga N/E | 3 | 26 | 15 | 4 | 7 | 55 | 30 | +25 | 49 | 101 | Kait Hinn (12) | - |
| 2018 | Esiliiga B | 6 | 36 | 15 | 9 | 12 | 80 | 66 | +14 | 54 | 163 | Sander Taan (18) | - |
| 2019 | Esiliiga B | 9 | 36 | 10 | 4 | 22 | 48 | 101 | -53 | 34 | 76 | Eduard Desjatski (7) | - |
| 2020 | Esiliiga B | 8 | 30 | 10 | 5 | 15 | 55 | 68 | -13 | 35 | 72 | Eduard Desjatski (24) | Quarter-finalists |
| 2021 | II liiga N/E | 5 | 23 | 12 | 5 | 6 | 82 | 44 | +38 | 41 | 42 | Eduard Desjatski (16) | - |
| 2022 | II liiga N/E | 7 | 26 | 11 | 4 | 11 | 53 | 49 | +4 | 37 | 57 | Eduard Desjatski (17) | - |
| 2023 | II liiga N/E | 10 | 26 | 8 | 4 | 14 | 66 | 77 | -11 | 28 | 70 | Andre Väin (17) | - |
| 2024 | II liiga N/E | 10 | 26 | 9 | 5 | 12 | 43 | 79 | -36 | 32 | 58 | Andre Väin (12) | - |
# Mohammadabad, Qaleh Zari

Mohammadabad (Persian: محمداباد, also Romanized as Moḩammadābād; also known as Moḩammadābād-e Sar Chāh-e Shūr) is a village in Qaleh Zari Rural District, Jolgeh-e Mazhan District, Khusf County, South Khorasan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 25, in 6 families.
# Rafael Pacchiano Alamán

Rafael Pacchiano Alamán (born 4 November 1975) is a Mexican politician from the Ecologist Green Party of Mexico who is the current Secretary of Environment and Natural Resources of Mexico. From 2009 to 2012 he served as Deputy of the LXI Legislature of the Mexican Congress representing Querétaro.
Pacchiano Alamán was the Secretary of the Environment (SEMARNAT) under President Enrique Peña Nieto from August 27, 2015 to November 30, 2018.
# Sumpter, Wisconsin

The Town of Sumpter is located in Sauk County, Wisconsin, United States.

## History

The town was once called "Kingston," and this name conflicted with a same-named community in the state. At the start of the Civil War, the name was changed to "Sumter," in commemoration of the Battle of Fort Sumter, but an error in spelling on an early map resulted in the current name.

## Geography

According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 37.8 square miles (97.9 km$^2$), of which, 37.7 square miles (97.6 km$^2$) of it is land and 0.1 square miles (0.3 km$^2$) of it (0.29%) is water.

## Demographics

As of the census of 2000, there were 1,021 people, 402 households, and 260 families residing in the town. The population density was 27.1 people per square mile (10.5/km$^2$). There were 458 housing units at an average density of 12.1 per square mile (4.7/km$^2$). The racial makeup of the town was 91.48% White, 0.29% African American, 0.20% Native American, 0.20% Asian, 7.15% from other races, and 0.69% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 14.99% of the population.
There were 402 households, out of which 31.6% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 49.0% were married couples living together, 10.4% had a female householder with no husband present, and 35.3% were non-families. 26.4% of all households were made up of individuals, and 8.7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.51 and the average family size was 3.05.
The population was 26.7% under the age of 18, 8.8% from 18 to 24, 30.5% from 25 to 44, 20.8% from 45 to 64, and 13.2% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 34 years. For every 100 females, there were 100.2 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 98.4 males.
The median income for a household in the town was $31,806, and the median income for a family was $37,500. Males had a median income of $27,768 versus $24,479 for females. The per capita income for the town was $16,205. About 9.2% of families and 12.0% of the population were below the poverty line, including 13.5% of those under age 18 and 16.9% of those age 65 or over.

## Notable people

* John R. Hofstatter, Wisconsin State Representative, was born in Sumpter (then Kingston)
* William W. Perry, Wisconsin State Representative, lived in Sumpter
* Robert G. Siebecker, Chief Justice of the Wisconsin Supreme Court, was born in Sumpter
* Fred W. Zantow, Wisconsin State Senator, was born in Sumpter

## Buildings and structures

* Badger Army Ammunition Plant
* Forevertron
# Plyasitsyno

Plyasitsyno (Russian: Плясицыно) is a rural locality (a village) in Sergeikhinskoye Rural Settlement, Kameshkovsky District, Vladimir Oblast, Russia. The population was 85 as of 2010.

## Geography

Plyasitsyno is located 18 km northwest of Kameshkovo (the district's administrative centre) by road. Sergeikha is the nearest rural locality.