OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Deng Xiaoping and the Transformation of China

Deng Xiaoping and the Transformation of China is a 2011 biography about Deng Xiaoping written by Ezra F. Vogel and published by The Belknap Press/Harvard University Press.

## Translations

In May 2012 the Chinese University Press of Hong Kong published the first Chinese translation, unabridged, with versions using both Traditional and Simplified characters. In January 2013 Sanlian Publishing House published a Simplified Chinese version for Mainland China. The Mainland version was adopted from the Hong Kong translation, but was subject several minor changes due to censorship; most of the changes were centered on negative descriptions or adjectives describing Chinese leaders.

## Publication and reception

The initial reviews praised Vogel's book as detailed and well-grounded, generally favorable, but not without criticism. Jonathan Mirsky of The New York Times described the book as "wide-ranging" and wrote that the coverage of Deng's changes to the Chinese economy is the "most valuable part of" the book. John Knight, a PhD candidate stated that the book "provides much insight into" Deng and that "for those interested in learning more about China's present, Vogel's study is a delightful read." Reviewers also mentioned controversial points. John Pomfret wrote in The Washington Post that Vogel "clearly believes that Deng — known in the West mostly for engineering the slaughter of protesters in the streets near Tiananmen Square on June 4, 1989 — has been wronged by history. His tome is an attempt to redress the balance."
In the London Review of Books, Perry Anderson sharply criticized Vogel as "a booster" and the book as "an exercise in unabashed adulation" in which "anything in Deng’s career that might seriously mar the general encomium is sponged away", noting how "Vogel devotes just 30 pages, out of nearly 900, to the first 65 years of Deng’s life". He also critiqued the book for exaggerating the significance of certain events, such as Deng’s "universally forgotten" 1974 speech at the United Nations.
Academic Lan Xiaohuan describes the book as clearly-written, meticulously researched, and easy to read. According to Lan, the book is Vogel's masterpiece.
As of 2020, the Mainland Chinese version sold 1,200,000 copies, while the U.S. version sold 45,000 hard copies and 9,400 ebooks.
The book received the Lionel Gelber Prize, a literary award for excellency in literature related to foreign policy.
# Molla Mahmud, East Azerbaijan

Molla Mahmud (Persian: ملامحمود, also Romanized as Mollā Maḩmūd) is a village in Abbas-e Sharqi Rural District, Tekmeh Dash District, Bostanabad County, East Azerbaijan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 43, in 8 families.
# Sharikabad, Hormozgan

Sharikabad (Persian: شريك اباد, also Romanized as Sharīkābād) is a village in Kuh Shah Rural District, Ahmadi District, Hajjiabad County, Hormozgan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 74, in 19 families.
# Colton, North Yorkshire

Colton is a village and civil parish in North Yorkshire, England, seven miles south-west of York. The closest town is Tadcaster. In 2011 the parish had a population of 212.

## History

In 1392, William son of William de Colton was pardoned on grounds of self-defense for killing Robert Mason in Colton.

## Amenities

The village has one pub, Ye Old Sun Inn. There is a wider selection of amenities in neighbouring Copmanthorpe. For amenities such as supermarkets it is necessary to travel to either Tadcaster or York.
St Paul's Church, Colton, lies in the village centre.

## Transport

The village is close to the A64 and the East Coast Main Line. Upon completion of High Speed 2 this will join the East Coast Main Line at Colton. Despite being situated on the East Coast Main Line, the closest railway station is Ulleskelf, several miles away.
# Reading span task

The reading span task (RST) is a common memory span task widely cited in, and adapted for, investigations of working memory, cognitive processing, and reading comprehension that was first published by Meredyth Daneman and Patricia Carpenter in 1980. It is a verbal working memory test.

## Task
### Original

The original RST required participants to read series of unconnected sentences aloud and to remember the final word of each sentence of a series (grouped according to the total number of sentences). With each sentence presented on a card, participants were cued to recall the memorized end-of-sentence words in their original order by a blank card at the end of a series. The number of sentences of a series was incrementally increased until a participant's reading span, or the maximum number of final words correctly recalled, was found.
The reading span task was the first instance of the family of "complex span" tasks (as opposed to "simple span" tasks). It is a complex verbal test because it draws upon both storage and processing (i.e., reading) elements of working memory, while simple verbal tests (e.g., word span) require the storage element alone.

### Variants

Besides the "listening span" variant also developed by Daneman and Carpenter, several variants have been developed in recent years based upon the RST. Van den Noort et al. created a computerized version of the test, which, when tested among four different languages (Dutch, English, German, and Norwegian), was shown to meet strict methodological criteria of the original RST and yielded similar results. This allowed direct comparisons of RST results to be made across different language groups.

### Problems

In an attempt to formulate a standardized version of the RST, numerous problems with both the original and variants have been critically examined.

## Findings

Daneman and Carpenter found that reading span was much more strongly related to reading comprehension than word span. Later research corroborated the finding that reading span is more closely related to language comprehension than word span.
# Kheyrud Kenar Rural District

Kheyrud Kenar Rural District (Persian: دهستان خيرود كنار) is in the Central District of Nowshahr County, Mazandaran province, Iran. Its capital is the village of Musaabad.

## Demographics
### Population

At the time of the 2006 National Census, the rural district's population was 32,041 in 8,567 households. There were 35,613 inhabitants in 10,743 households at the following census of 2011. The 2016 census measured the population of the rural district as 36,364 in 11,851 households. The most populous of its 24 villages was Tazehabad, with 5,029 people.
# Dolná Poruba

Dolná Poruba (Hungarian: Bérces) is a village and municipality in Trenčín District in the Trenčín Region of north-western Slovakia.

## History

In historical records the village was first mentioned in 1355.

## Geography

The municipality lies at an altitude of 427 metres and covers an area of 22.688 km². It has a population of about 845 people.

## Genealogical resources

The records for genealogical research are available at the state archive "Statny Archiv in Bratislava, Slovakia"
* Roman Catholic church records (births/marriages/deaths): 1753-1895 (parish B)
# Guido Zingerle

Guido Zingerle (3 September 1902 – 9 August 1962), known as The Monster of Tyrol (German: Ungeheuer von Tirol), was an Italian murderer and possible serial killer who killed at least two women in the 1940s and raped another three. In his murders, Zingerle had specially-equipped caves in the Tyrolean mountains, where he would abduct and then rape his victims. He killed by burying his victims under a pile of stones to let them die in days of agony, which he often observed. After the Second World War, he moved to Innsbruck in Austria.

## Murders

Zingerle's first confirmed victim was the young teacher Gertrud Kutin (sister of Helmut Kutin, Honorary Director of the SOS Children's Villages) from Bolzano, whom he kidnapped in Glaning in May 1946. He raped and then buried her under heavy stones until she died several days later. Shortly after that, he raped a 15-year-old girl from Karneid, whom he also buried with rocks, but she managed to free herself. In 1947, two women escaped as well, after being trapped and raped for several days; Zingerle was imprisoned for a year for these crimes. Three years later, he raped and murdered an English tourist in Iss, on the eastern slope of the Patscherkofel in Austria.

## Arrest and detention

In August 1950, after five weeks of prosecution by the police from both North and South Tyrol, Zingerle was placed in an alpine hut near Vals. After trials in Bolzano and Innsbruck, he was sentenced to multiple counts of life imprisonment.
On 9 August 1962 Zingerle died from liver cancer in the Turi prison.

## Aftermath

Guido Zingerle was known as the epitome of evil in the region for decades, with parents often using the educational formula "If you are not good, then Zingerle will get you." against rebellious children.
In 2010, the play "Gemma Zingerle schaugn" was premiered in Absam, by author Gertraud Lener. It's about the last minutes of the murderer in his cell, in which he meets death and is confronted by his deeds. In 2015, the play "Fliegende Hitzen", written by Lorenz Gutmann and Veronika Eberl, was premiered at the Tyrolean folk plays in Telfs. With dark humour included, Zingerle's life story is retold.
In the 40-minute feature film Zingerle, directed by Eric Marcus Weglehner, Roland Silbernagl plays the role.

## Literature

* Heinrich Schwazer: Zingerle: History of a woman murderer. Raetia, Bolzano 2002, ISBN 88-7283-181-4.
* Artur Oberhofer: The great criminal cases: The murderer Zingerle - The story of the Monster of Tyrol, ISBN 978-88-88396-12-5
# Gazer Khani

Gazer Khani (Persian: گازرخاني, also Romanized as Gāzar Khānī and Gāzer Khānī; also known as Gazūrkhanī) is a village in Zhavehrud Rural District, in the Central District of Kamyaran County, Kurdistan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 466, in 103 families. The village is populated by Kurds.
# Eytan Ben-David

Eytan Ben-David (Hebrew: איתן בן-דוד; born in 1963) is a former senior Israel Security Agency official, currently serving as Acting National Security Advisor and Head of the National Security Council in the Office of the Prime Minister of Israel.

## Biography

Ben-David, son of Aliza and the late Azaria Witihovsky, was raised in Kiryat Ono. He was drafted into the IDF in 1982. He volunteered as a paratrooper in the Paratroopers Brigade. He served as a soldier and a squad leader. In 1983, he became an infantry officer after completing Officer Candidate School and served as a platoon leader and company commander in the Bislamach Brigade and fought in the first Lebanon War. In 1986, he retired from the IDF and joined the Israel Security Agency (then the General Security Service).
Ben-David began his career in the ISA Protection and Security Division and served in a number of command posts, including Regional Security Director for Europe between 2002 and 2005, Deputy Head of El Al's Aviation Security Division (on loan from the ISA) between 2005 and 2006, Head of the Dignitary Protection Unit between 2006–2010 and Deputy Head of the Protection and Security Division. In 2012, he retired from the ISA and was appointed Chief of the Counterterrorism Bureau and Deputy Head of the National Security Council in the Prime Minister's Office, until his appointment as Acting National Security Adviser and Head of the National Security Council in 2017.

## Personal life

Ben-David holds a BA in History of the Middle East and Geography from Tel Aviv University and a MA in Administration and Public Policy from the Herzlia Interdisciplinary Center.
He is married to Ella and the father of three.
# Wilten Boys' Choir

The Wilten Boys' Choir (German: Wiltener Sängerknaben) is a part of the Premonstratensian Wilten Abbey [de], at the foot of Bergisel in Innsbruck, Austria. Founded in the mid-13th century, it is one of the oldest boys' choirs in Europe.

## History

The choir shares a common history with the Vienna Boys' Choir. According to contemporary sources, Emperor Maximilian I in 1498 established a court orchestra at Hofburg Palace in Vienna, including a choir which largely consisted of boys descending from Wilten in the County of Tyrol.
In 1946, the Wilten Boys' Choir was reestablished by Norbert Gerhold.

## Education

The choir currently consists of about 150 members, the youngest of which are about 6 years old. Following the change of voice, the boys can join the male voices and stay in the choir. The "concert choir" of the Wilten Boys' Choir is a special division of the Tiroler Landeskonservatorium.
Since 1991, Johannes Stecher is the choir's artistic director. Martin Pleyer and Vinzenz Arnold are in charge of organizational matters.

## Repertoire

The choir's repertoire includes a wide range, from sacred music to traditional alpine folk songs and opera.
During many concert tours, they have performed in Switzerland, Germany, Italy, France, Great Britain, Denmark, Romania, Israel and Japan.
# Vrats dasht

Vrats dasht (Armenian: Վրաց դաշտ) is a term used by Armenian chroniclers to refer to lands of modern Northern Armenia and Southern Georgia. The region also used to go by the name of Gugark (Armenian: Գուգարք). According to the Armenian historian Ukhtanes of Sebastia, the town of Tsurtav is located in the region of "vrac' dasht" (Iberian Plain). Tsurtav is one of the main towns of the Gugark province.

## Meaning

The sentence "Vrats dasht" roughly translates into "Field of Georgians".

## Early history

The first record of the region is associated with the king of Urartu, Argishti I in 785 BC, who records the region as part of the early Proto-Georgian tribal formation of Diauehi. He calls this specific area "Zabaha", which is the Urartean name for "Javakh".
It is also notable that, in the exact same year in 785 BC, after the region switched hands from Diauehian rule into Urartian one, the Erebuni Fortress was founded (which later would become Yerevan, capital of Armenia).
The region roughly came into the rule of Armenia in 189 BC, when Armenian king Artaxias I conquered it. And the domains of Artaxias, at first limited to the Araxes valley, were greatly enlarged at the expense of Iberia. But, in 35 AD, Pharsmanes I of Iberia reconquered this land.
# Ust-Tary

Ust-Tary (Russian: Усть-Тары) is a rural locality (a village) in Kultayevskoye Rural Settlement, Permsky District, Perm Krai, Russia. The population was 198 as of 2010. There are 24 streets.

## Geography

Ust-Tary is located 29 km southwest of Perm (the district's administrative centre) by road. Pishchalnikovo is the nearest rural locality.
# Saint-Jean-Pla-de-Corts

Saint-Jean-Pla-de-Corts (French pronunciation: ; Occitan: Sant Joan de Pladecorts) is a commune in the Pyrénées-Orientales department in southern France.

## Geography

Saint-Jean-Pla-de-Corts is located in the canton of Vallespir-Albères and in the arrondissement of Céret.
# Burma plate

The Burma plate is a minor tectonic plate or microplate located in Southeast Asia, sometimes considered a part of the larger Eurasian plate. The Andaman Islands, Nicobar Islands, and northwestern Sumatra are located on the plate. This island arc separates the Andaman Sea from the main Indian Ocean to the west.
To its east lies the Sunda plate, from which it is separated along a transform boundary, running in a rough north–south line through the Andaman Sea. This boundary between the Burma and Sunda plates is a marginal seafloor spreading centre, which has led to the opening up of the Andaman Sea (from a southerly direction) by "pushing out" the Andaman-Nicobar-Sumatra island arc from mainland Asia, a process which began in earnest approximately 4 million years ago.
To the west is the much larger India plate, which is subducting beneath the western facet of the Burma plate. This extensive subduction zone has formed the Sunda Trench.

## Tectonic history

In models of the reconstructed tectonic history of the area, the generally northwards movement of the Indo-Australian plate resulted in its substantive collision with the Eurasian continent, which began during the Eocene epoch, approximately 50–55 million years ago (Ma). This collision with Asia began the orogenic uplift which has formed the Himalaya mountains, as well as the fracturing of the Indo-Australian plate into the modern Indian plate, Australian plate, and possibly Capricorn plate.
As the India plate drifted northwards at a relatively rapid rate of an average 16 cm/yr, it also rotated in a counterclockwise direction. As a result of this movement and rotation, the convergence along the plate's eastern boundary (the Burma–Andaman–Malay region) with Eurasia was at an oblique angle.
The transform forces along this subduction front started the clockwise bending of the Sunda arc; in the late Oligocene (ca. 32 Ma) further faulting developed and the Burma and Sunda microplates began to "break off" from the larger Eurasian plate.
After a further series of transform faulting, and the continuing subduction of the India plate beneath the Burma plate, backarc spreading saw the formation of the marginal basin and seafloor spreading centre which would become the Andaman Sea, a process well-underway by the mid-Pliocene (3–4 Ma).

## Recent tectonic activity

On December 26, 2004, a large portion of the boundary between the Burma plate and the Indian plate slipped, causing the 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake and tsunami. This megathrust earthquake had an estimated moment magnitude of 9.1–9.3 M$_w$. Over 1,600 kilometres (990 mi) of the boundary underwent thrust faulting and shifted up to 5 metres (16 ft) vertically and 11 metres (36 ft) horizontally. This rapid rise in the sea floor over such a short time (seven minutes) generated a massive tsunami that killed approximately 229,800 people along the coast of the Indian Ocean.
# Udarny, Karachay-Cherkess Republic

Udarny (Russian: Уда́рный) is an urban locality (a work settlement) in Prikubansky District of the Karachay-Cherkess Republic, Russia. As of the 2010 Census, its population was 1,083.

## History

It was established in 1961 and granted urban-type settlement status in 1965.

## Administrative and municipal status

Within the framework of administrative divisions, the work settlement of Udarny is subordinated to Prikubansky District. As a municipal division, Udarny is incorporated within Prikubansky Municipal District as Udarnenskoye Urban Settlement.
# Cornard Wood, near Sudbury, Suffolk

Cornard Wood, near Sudbury, Suffolk is a 1748 landscape painting by Thomas Gainsborough, now in the National Gallery, London, which bought it in 1875. The title has been used since 1828 and derives from a 1790 print of a Gainsborough work, though it is unproven whether the church tower in the background can be identified with that at Great Cornard, Suffolk.
# Ivanovka, Kuryinsky District, Altai Krai

Ivanovka (Russian: Ивановка) is a rural locality (a selo) and the administrative center of Ivanovsky Selsoviet, Kuryinsky District, Altai Krai, Russia. The population was 796 as of 2013. There are 17 streets.

## Geography

Ivanovka is located 20 km west of Kurya (the district's administrative centre) by road. Kuznetsovo is the nearest rural locality.
# Lahijan-e Sharqi Rural District

Lahijan-e Sharqi Rural District (Persian: دهستان لاهيجان شرقي) is in Lajan District of Piranshahr County, West Azerbaijan province, Iran. Its capital is the village of Pasveh.

## Demographics
### Population

At the time of the 2006 National Census, the rural district's population was 14,537 in 2,443 households. There were 15,592 inhabitants in 3,306 households at the following census of 2011. The 2016 census measured the population of the rural district as 13,202 in 2,980 households. The most populous of its 58 villages was Pasveh, with 3,495 people.
# Paleh Bid-e Sofla

Paleh Bid-e Sofla (Persian: پله بيدسفلي, also Romanized as Paleh Bīd-e Soflá; also known as Palebīd, Pal-e Bīd, and Paleh Bīd) is a village in Beshiva Pataq Rural District, in the Central District of Sarpol-e Zahab County, Kermanshah Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 61, in 17 families.
# Pol-e Shekasteh, Asadabad

Pol-e Shekasteh (Persian: پل شكسته; also known as Khosrowābād, Khūshrnābād, Khūsrūābād, and Pol Shekast) is a village in Jolgeh Rural District, in the Central District of Asadabad County, Hamadan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 397, in 97 families.
# SKIF Krasnodar

SKIF Krasnodar is a team handball club from Krasnodar, Russia. SKIF Krasnodar competes in the Russian Handball Super League.

## History

The club was established in Krasnodar, in the distant 1963, and at different times called the "Thunderbird", "University", "Skif", "Arcadia SKIF", "SKIF-Rosneft", "SKIF- Kuban". The first team coach was honored coach of Russia Vitaly Sorokin. Professional status of the team received in 1964, in the major league championship of the USSR.
In reaction to the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine, the International Handball Federation banned Russian athletes, and the European Handball Federation suspended the Russian clubs from competing in European handball competitions.

## Accomplishments

* Russian Cup
** 2017
* Soviet Union Handball League
** 1991, 1992
* EHF Cup: 1
** 1990
* Limburgse Handbal Dagen
** 1990

## Team
### Current squad

    Squad for the 2024–25 season
# Histoi

Histoi or Isti (Ancient Greek: Ἴστοι) was a town of ancient Greece on the north coast of the island of Icaria, with a tolerably good roadstead. Nearby, was a temple of Artemis called Tauropolion.
Its site is located near modern Evdilos.
# Force India VJM05

The Force India VJM05 is a Formula One racing car designed by Sahara Force India F1 Team for use in the 2012 Formula One season. The car was launched on 3 February at Silverstone. It was driven by Paul di Resta, and Nico Hülkenberg who returned to the sport after spending one year as Force India's test and reserve driver.

## Season summary

Albeit finishing lower than 2011, Force India ended up scoring more points compared to the previous year. Hülkenberg and Di Resta achieved their best finishing positions with fourth-places at Belgian Grand Prix and Singapore Grand Prix, respectively.

## Sponsorship and livery

The VJM05 underwent livery changes; the colours were flipped over and the graphics were redesigned from its three predecessors. The team signed a deal with Sahara India Pariwar as a title sponsor, retaining sponsors including Whyte & Mackay and Kingfisher. Medion left the team, prior to Sutil's departure. It would not return until he rejoined the team the following season.
At the Abu Dhabi Grand Prix, Whyte & Mackay was replaced with a contest winner's name of the alcohol brand.

## Complete Formula One results

(key) (results in bold indicate pole position; results in italics indicate fastest lap)
| Year | Entrant | Engine | Tyres | Drivers | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | Points | WCC |
| 2012 | Force India | Mercedes-Benz FO 108Z | P | | AUS | MAL | CHN | BHR | ESP | MON | CAN | EUR | GBR | GER | HUN | BEL | ITA | SIN | JPN | KOR | IND | ABU | USA | BRA | 109 | 7th |
| 2012 | Force India | Mercedes-Benz FO 108Z | P | Paul di Resta | 10 | 7 | 12 | 6 | 14 | 7 | 11 | 7 | Ret | 11 | 12 | 10 | 8 | 4 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 9 | 15 | 19$^†$ | 109 | 7th |
| 2012 | Force India | Mercedes-Benz FO 108Z | P | Nico Hülkenberg | Ret | 9 | 15 | 12 | 10 | 8 | 12 | 5 | 12 | 9 | 11 | 4 | 21$^†$ | 14 | 7 | 6 | 8 | Ret | 8 | 5 | 109 | 7th |
$^†$ Driver failed to finish the race, but was classified as they had completed greater than 90% of the race distance.