OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Thomas Jeffery Parker

Thomas Jeffery Parker F.R.S. (17 October 1850 – 7 November 1897) was a zoologist who worked in New Zealand.

## Biography

Parker was born at 124 Tachbrook Street in London on 17 October 1850 the son of the anatomist William Kitchen Parker. He studied at Clarendon House School and graduated from the University of London in 1868.
At the age of 22, he worked with Thomas Henry Huxley in Huxley's zoological demonstrations, forming a teaching collection and organising laboratory practicals. Huxley's work on crayfish kindled in Parker an interest in crustaceans, and he went on to study the marine "crayfish" (spiny lobsters) of New Zealand, together with his student Josephine Gordon Rich, who later married William Aitcheson Haswell.
On 23 December 1874, Thomas Jeffery Parker married Charlotte Elizabeth Rossell in Bramley, Yorkshire. In 1880, they emigrated to New Zealand. Parker become Professor of Zoology at the University of Otago in Dunedin, succeeding Frederick Hutton. He was also curator of the Otago Museum, and was "the first trained biologist in the colony".
Parker sent a display of a series of skulls to the Melbourne International Exhibition in 1880, which was later reused in the New Zealand and South Seas Exhibition in Dunedin. The display used coloured wires and painted bones to show the evolution of the vertebrate skull. Indeed, Parker was noted by a Tuapeka Times correspondent as having a "mania for skeletons...[and] has procured some splendid and interesting specimens of birds and fish." In 1883, Parker obtained a fin whale specimen from Captain William Jackson Barry, who had himself bought and exhibited it in Nelson. The fin whale skeleton is still a central feature of the current Maritime Gallery.
Parker was made a Fellow of the Royal Society on 7 June 1888.
In his later years, Parker suffered from diabetes, and he died on 7 November 1897 at Warrington. After his death, Parker was succeeded at the University of Otago by William Blaxland Benham.

## Works

Parker produced more than 40 scientific papers. They include nine papers on moas published between 1889 and 1895, and a 100-page monograph on the history of the kiwi, which was later condensed into two articles in the New Zealand Journal of Science. Parker identified a new species of sea cucumber (Chirodota dunedinensis, now Taeniogyrus dunedinensis) soon after arriving in Dunedin. Despite living in different countries, Parker wrote an introductory textbook on zoology together with William Aitcheson Haswell, which continued to be used into the 1960s.

### Memoirs on New Zealand animals

* "On the Structure and Development of Apteryx"
* "On the Cranial Osteology, Classification, and Phylogeny of the Dinornithidæ"
* "Observations on the anatomy and development of Apteryx". Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: 182: 25-134

### Books

* Zoötomy (1884)
* Lessons in Elementary Biology (1890)
* Parker, T. Jeffery; Haswell, William A. (1897). A Textbook of Zoology. London: Macmillan and Co. OCLC 863109417 (all editions). ( in 2 volumes).

## Taxon named in his honor

* The Oarfish Agrostichthys parkeri (Benham, 1904) was named after him.
# Elmayer dance school

Elmayer dance school (German: Tanzschule Elmayer) is a ballroom dance school in Vienna, Austria founded in 1919 by a former Austro-Hungarian Army officer Willy Elmayer von Vestenbrugg. It is considered one of the most prominent dance schools in the world and its "Elmayer Kränzchen" hosts the record for largest ball opening in the world. Students at Elmayer may also finish their courses with the official "Österreichische Tanzleistungsabzeichen" examination, which at higher levels grants students to hold their own dance classes. It is currently headed by the founder's grandson, Thomas Schäfer-Elmayer.
# Colegio Nacional José Pedro Varela

The Colegio Nacional José Pedro Varela (Spanish for 'José Pedro Varela National College') is a private school for boys and girls aged two to eighteen in Montevideo, Uruguay.
It serves secular and bilingual pre-school, primary, secondary and the pre-university education. Named after José Pedro Varela –who in 1876 carried out a reform that established free, compulsory and secular education in Uruguay–, it has two campuses: one in Cordón, Montevideo and another in Ciudad de la Costa, Canelones Department.

## History

It was created by the Uruguayan Teaching Society (Spanish: Sociedad Uruguaya de Enseñanza) as an all-girls educational institute for secular training on October 24, 1942. Its first headmistress was Deborah Vitale D'Amico (1888 – 1957). Several days later, the National College established its own headquarters, located in the old premises of the Historical Museum, on Colonia St. in barrio Cordón. It had 308 students and a staff of 47 teachers.
Four years later, boys had already begun to be admitted, the primary education section had kindergarten from the age of four and a pre-lycee seventh grade. In addition, the secondary education section had twelve groups.
In 2015, the college had 400 employees and 1,170 students. In December 2015, it went through a critical financial situation and its employees were sent to unemployment insurance. The then Board of Directors decides to close the School, without having the approval for it from the Assembly of Members of the Uruguayan Teaching Society, the highest body that administers the institution.
In January 2016, the Assembly of Members of the Uruguayan Teaching Society accepted a proposal presented by the parents of the students, alumni and officials, so the school continued with its operation. The Uruguayan Teaching Society decided to reopen the school as of February 1, 2016. At that time it had 850 students and 338 employees, after the expiration of 96 contracts. In February 2017, the authorities of the institution decided to stop serving primary education on the Ciudad de la Costa campus.

## Alumni

* Beatriz Argimón, 18th and current Vice President of Uruguay.
* Mercedes Menafra, First Lady of Uruguay from 2000 to 2005.
# Chavelkan-e Vazir

Chavelkan-e Vazir (Persian: چاولكان وزير, also Romanized as Chāvelkān-e Vazīr; also known as Chābolkān Vazīr) is a village in Gol-e Cheydar Rural District, Sarshiv District, Marivan County, Kurdistan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 232, in 42 families. The village is populated by Kurds.
# Combat Organization

Combat Organization (Russian: Боева́я Организа́ция, Polish: Organizacja Bojowa) is a name that has been used by several armed political movements in Russia and Poland, including:
* The Combat Organization of the Party of Socialist Revolutionaries (1902–1911)
* The Combat Organization of the Polish Socialist Party (1904–1911)
* The Jewish Combat Organization (1942–?), a Jewish partisan group active in Warsaw during WWII
* The Combat Terrorist Organization (2003–2006), a Russian neo-Nazi gang
* The Battle Organization of Russian Nationalists (2007–2011), another Russian neo-Nazi group
* The Combat Organization of Anarcho-Communists (c. 2020–present as of 2024), a Russian anarchist organization
# Context art

The term Context art (German: Kontextkunst) was introduced through the seminal exhibition and an accompanying publication Kontext Kunst. The Art of the 90s curated by Peter Weibel at the Neue Galerie im Künstlerhaus Graz (Austria) in 1993 (02.10.–07.11.1993).

## Exhibition and publication

Both exhibition and publication aimed to establish grounds for recognizing a new form of artistic practice emerging in the early 1990s. The presentation displayed different approaches though all shared an interest in the use of methods of contextualization to reveal connections between the art works and their conditions of production, whether these were formal, social, or ideologically defined. Institutional critique, feminist positions, later also critiques of precarious economic conditions and issues of globalization, all closely related to social and political changes, became relevant subjects of artistic production.
“It is no longer purely about critiquing the art system, but about critiquing reality and analyzing and creating social processes. In the ’90s, non-art contexts are being increasingly drawn into the art discourse. Artists are becoming autonomous agents of social processes, partisans of the real. The interaction between artists and social situations, between art and non-art contexts has led to a new art form, where both are folded together: Context art. The aim of this social construction of art is to take part in the social construction of reality.”
It might be due to the fact that the term was introduced under the German translation KontextKunst instead of Context Art or its likewise politically tended orientation (see Maria Lind's reference), but it never spread far beyond Europe's language based barriers. Instead vaguely similar strategies were labeled as Models of Participatory Practice in 1998 by Christian Kravagna's attempt to define the field or the later appearing and quite moderate Relational Art based on the 2002 book Relational Aesthetics by Nicolas Bourriaud.
The accompanying catalog is described to document ”a wide-ranging exhibition designed to illustrate the emergence over the past decade of a new international art movement, .. “ featuring “… an anthology of 22 substantial essays (some reprinted) discussing from diverse perspectives the artistic issues and social and political themes that distinguish Context Art from related forms of conceptual and installation art…. “.

## Participating artists

Fareed Armaly, Cosima von Bonin, Tom Burr, Clegg & Guttmann, Meg Cranston, Mark Dion, Peter Fend, Andrea Fraser, Inspection Medhermeneutics, Ronald Jones, Louise Lawler, Thomas Locher, Dorit Margreiter, Kasimir Malewitsch, Katrin von Maltzahn, Regina Möller, Reinhard Mucha, Christian Philipp Müller, Anton Olschwang, Hirsch Perlman, Dan Peterman, Adrian Piper, Mathias Poledna, Stephan Prina, Florian Pumhösl, Gerwald Rockenschaub, Julia Scher, Oliver Schwarz, Jason Simon, Rudolf Stingel, Lincoln Tobier, Olga Tschernyschewa, Christopher Williams, Peter Zimmermann, Heimo Zobernig
# Golujeh-ye Said

Golujeh-ye Said (Persian: گلوجه سعيد, also Romanized as Golūjeh-ye Sa‘īd; also known as Golūjeh) is a village in Ujan-e Sharqi Rural District, Tekmeh Dash District, Bostanabad County, East Azerbaijan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 307, in 71 families.
# Agustí Forné López

Agustí Forné López (22 July 1962 – 16 October 2024) was a Spanish sports and castells journalist.
A representative of the comarcas of Tarragona, Forné began his career in the field of journalism working at Cadena SER, in charge of sports information until 1987. He was particularly involved in working with Gimnàstic de Tarragona and Reus Ploms. He collaborated with Diari de Tarragona and Nou Diari de Reus. In 1989, he joined Televisió de Catalunya, where he worked as head of the Tarragona branch of TV3, dedicating himself to both general information and monitoring of the castellls world. In 2017, the presentation of the Quarts de Nou program began there.
Forné died suddenly of a stroke on 16 October 2024, at the age of 62.
# Moses Schorr Centre

The Moses Schorr Centre or the Moses Schorr Adult Education Centre founded in Warsaw, Poland (Polish: Centrum im. prof. Mojżesza Schorra), is a project of Ronald S. Lauder Foundation. It was named after Professor Moses Schorr (1873-1941), an eminent Polish rabbi, historian, senator and social activist, best known for promoting educational principles and values. Catering to all people interested in Poland's Jewish culture, Moses Schorr Centre, established in 2001, became a stepping stone for the Professor Moses Schorr Foundation created on 1 July 2004.
The Schorr Centre is located at 6 Twarda St in Warsaw. It offers classes in Hebrew as well as lectures on Jewish culture and history. It is focused on offering students a chance to explore contemporary Jewish themes and issues, to study the lives of great scholars and to discuss the values in Jewish tradition. Through on-line classes and seminars for Jews and non-Jews alike, the Centre aims to foster Hebrew literacy across the entire country, along with Poland's Jewish heritage and Yiddishkeit.
# Kongereh, Kamyaran

Kongereh (Persian: كنگره, also Romanized as Kangareh, Kangrah, and Kongerah; also known as Kang-i-Rah) is a village in Sursur Rural District, Muchesh District, Kamyaran County, Kurdistan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 108, in 28 families. The village is populated by Kurds.
# James T. Vaughn Correctional Center

The James T. Vaughn Correctional Center (JTVCC), formerly the Delaware Correctional Center (DCC), is a state prison for men in unincorporated New Castle County, Delaware, USA, with a Smyrna post office address. It is the Delaware Department of Correction's largest correctional facility.
JTVCC houses some 2,500 minimum, medium, and maximum security inmates. It is also the primary facility for housing the Kent County pre-trial (detainee) population.
Before the abolition of capital punishment in Delaware, the state's death row for men was located here. The death row for women was located in the Delores J. Baylor Women's Correctional Institution. Executions occurred at JTVCC.
The facility is named for former Delaware State Senator James T. Vaughn, who died in 2007. In 2008 Governor of Delaware Ruth Minner signed a bill confirming the rename.

## History

In 1996, construction began on a $110 million, 888-bed addition which included 600 maximum security cells in six units. The new addition houses the Security Housing Unit (SHU) and the Medium Housing Unit (MHU).
Inmates in the SHU, which formerly included the prison's death row, occupy single-bunked cells in which they are locked down and receive seventeen and a half hours a week out of their cell for recreational purposes. Inmates may earn their way out of the SHU through good behavior.
In 2015, the prison became a subject of an ACLU lawsuit, due to the use of solitary confinement for mentally ill inmates. Further lawsuits have been filed due to the Delaware State Correction's decision to feed some inmates "baked slop," while other states have discontinued the use of such meals.

## Incidents

On July 12, 2004, 45-year-old inmate Scott Miller, armed with a shank, took a 27-year-old female prison counselor hostage. Miller raped the woman whom he held for seven hours before being shot and killed. Miller, a convicted serial rapist, was serving a 694-year sentence at the time.
On February 1, 2017, inmates took control of Building C, initially holding five correctional officers as hostages according to media reports. This building houses about 100 inmates. The incident was first reported by a correctional officer's radio call for "immediate assistance" at 10:38 a.m. The prison, and all other prisons within Delaware, were placed on lockdown. One hostage was released a few hours later, and taken to a hospital with 'non-life threatening' injuries. Later that evening, two other hostages were reportedly released. When the hostage situation ended, one hostage, identified as correctional officer and 16-year veteran Sgt. Steven Floyd, was killed and another was injured. The incident led to a proposal to reinstate the death penalty in Delaware.

## Notable inmates

* Thomas Capano
* Steven W. Shelton
* Jack Foster Outten Jr.
* Billy Glaze
* Steven Brian Pennell
* Earl Bradley (previously in Vaughn's SHU: in 2016, he was moved to an out-of-state prison)
* Jerome Franks
# Clothing Federation

The Clothing Federation (French: Fédération de l'Habillement) was a trade union representing workers in the garment industry in France.
The union was established in 1892, on the initiative of the tailors of Nîmes. It affiliated to the General Confederation of Labour (CGT) and grew in size. From the 1920s, it began working closely with the Hatters' Federation. In 1941, the leaders of the two federations led splits to form a single, pro-Vichy government union, and were expelled from the CGT. The underground majority of the union continued, and in 1946, the hatters finally merged into the Clothing Federation. In 1947. a minority of the union left and soon formed the rival Clothing and Hat Federation.
In 1985, the union merged with the National Federation of Textile Industry Workers, and the National Federation of Hides and Leather, to form the Textile, Leather and Clothing Federation.
# Gadifer Shorthose

Gadifer Shorthose (French: Gadifier Shartoise) was the English mayor of Bordeaux from 1434 until 1451. He was a weak leader and the city passed out of English lordship and into France during his mayorship.
In 1442, Shorthose refused to comply with the orders of the regent of Gascony, Robert Roos. On 1 November 1450, Amanieu of Albret approached Bordeaux with an army of 500. Shorthose—leading a hodge-podge force of English men-at-arms, Gascon knights, and municipal militia—sallied forth to the challenge. The lack of leadership and organisation doomed the Bordelais expedition and Amaneiu routed the defenders. The day became known as La Male Journade because of the immense loss of life suffered by the citizens of Bordeaux.
In 1451, the French general Jean de Dunois broke through the walls of the city and the garrison retreated to the castle, where Shorthose and the other commanders commanded a small group of twenty five men-at-arms, because, out of greed it is said, they had been given funds for eighty but decided to hire less and divert what money remained. On May 23, the castle fell. Shorthose was the last mayor of English Bordeaux until John Talbot liberated the city the following year.
# Riffelwandspitzen

The Riffelwandspitzen are two adjacent mountains in the Wetterstein range in Bavaria. The summit of the Great Riffelwandspitze (German: Große Riffelwandspitze) reaches a height of 2,626 m, the summit of the Little Riffelwandspitze (Kleine Riffelwandspitze) 2,543 m.

## Situation

The Great and Little Riffelwandspitze are the two most prominent peaks on the short crest of the Riffelwandkamm that runs from Germany's highest mountain, the Zugspitze, northeast towards the Waxensteinkamm.
Its south faces drop steeply into the Höllentalkar cirque, its north faces plunge into the Riffelriß above the lake of Eibsee. A knife-edge ridge runs from the Great Riffelwandspitze in a southwesterly direction to the Zugspitze. The ridge of the Riffelwandkamm joins the Little Riffelwandspitze to the Waxensteinkamm passing over the Riffeltorkopf. A side ridge runs away to the Eastern Riffelkopf (Östlichen Riffelkopf), whose east face plummets vertically into the Höllental valley.

## Bases and routes

The most suitable base for an ascent over the south face is the Höllentalanger Hut (1,381 m). The routes on the northern side are best approached from the Eibsee or the railway halt of Riffelriß on the Bavarian Zugspitze Railway.
The easiest route to the Little Riffelwandspitze runs from the col of Riffelscharte and the Riffeltorkopf up steep Schroffen and gullies to the top (climbing grade I (UIAA)).
The Great Riffelwandspitze was first climbed on 2 August 1866 via the east ridge by F. Resch and C. Sam. They then succeeded in making the first ridge crossing to the Zugspitze. The route is classified as grade IV- and has long been viewed as the most difficult and dangerous route in the Wetterstein Mountains. The other routes are classified between grades III and VII. All these climbs are only suitable for experienced mountaineers.

## Sources

* Stephan Beulke: Alpenvereinsführer Wetterstein. 4th ed. Bergverlag Rother, Munich, 1996, p. 450ff, ISBN 978-3-7633-1119-4.
# Shekal Gurab-e Bala

Shekal Gurab-e Bala (Persian: شكال گوراب بالا, also Romanized as Shekāl Gūrāb-e Bālā; also known as Shaghāl Gūrāb, Shakālgūrāb, Shekāl Gūrāb, Shigāl Gurāb, and Shikil’-Kirab) is a village in Gasht Rural District, in the Central District of Fuman County, Gilan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 579, in 144 families.
# Goßdorf-Kohlmühle station

Goßdorf-Kohlmühle (German: Bahnhof Goßdorf-Kohlmühle) (known as Kohlmühle until 14 May 1936) is a railway station serving the villages of Goßdorf and Kohlmühle, Saxony, Germany. The station is served by one train service, operated by DB Regio in cooperation with České dráhy: the National Park Railway. This service connects Děčín and Rumburk via Bad Schandau and Sebnitz.
# Amirabad, Semirom

Amirabad (Persian: اميراباد, also Romanized as Amīrābād) is a village in Vardasht Rural District, in the Central District of Semirom County, Isfahan Province, Iran. At the 2016 census, its population was 14, in 5 families.
# Estela Jiménez Esponda

Estela Jiménez Esponda was a Mexican professor, feminist, suffragist and women's rights activist. She directed the newspaper Nosotras (Us) and was a leader in the development of the Communist Party.
During the elections and early tenure of President Lázaro Cárdenas when it appeared he was supportive of women's achievement of the vote, Jiménez served as a sector leader of Party of the Mexican Revolution (PRM) and was involved in the Frente Unico Pro Derechos de la Mujer (FUPDM) (United Front for Women‟s Rights). The FUPDM, which had begun in the 1920s, declined after the unsuccessful ratification of the amendment to Article 34 of the Constitution granting enfranchisement to women. Jiménez tried to revive the work, leading the PRM's Women's Block (1943), without much success especially when the party reorganized as PRI and she moved further left. As she saw the effects of malnutrition, labor laws which worked against women, and lack of laws to protect women and children, her ideology became more in line with the communist and socialist parties of Mexico.
She participated as an alternate delegate at the "round table of Mexican Marxists held in 1947 and in 1948 she was pushed out of the PRI. In 1955 she ran as a candidate for federal deputy for the Communist Party for the Sixth District of Mexico. She also was a member of the Ministry of Women's Action of the Federation of Employees of the State or FSTSE alongside Gloria Barrera, Maria del Refugio Garcia, Josefina Vicens and Francisca Zárate.
# Amelanchier obovalis

Amelanchier obovalis, the coastal serviceberry, coastal juneberry, or shadbush, is a species of flowering plant in the Rosaceae family. It is native to the Atlantic coastal plain of the United States, from New Jersey to Georgia, typically in pine barrens and other dry woodlands.
A deciduous shrub, it grows to 3–5 ft (1–2 m) tall, with small five-petaled white flowers, edible dark blue to purple-black fruits and up to 2 in (50 mm) long dull green leaves.
# Mostowski Palace

Mostowski Palace (Polish: Pałac Mostowskich) is an 18th-century palace in Warsaw, Poland, located at ul. Nowolipie 2 (2 Nowolipie Street) — prior to World War II, at ul. Przejazd 15.

## History

The palace had been built in 1762-65 in the Baroque style for the Voivode of Minsk, Jan August Hylzen [pl].
In 1795 it became, by inheritance, the property of Tadeusz Mostowski, a prominent figure of revolutionary Poland.
The palace was purchased by the government and rebuilt in 1823-24 in the classicist style to a design by Antonio Corazzi. The building became the seat of Congress Poland's Commission of Internal Affairs and Police, and a venue of concerts by Fryderyk Chopin.
In 1831, during the November Uprising, the palace was taken over for the needs of the Imperial Russian Army.
Renovated in 1920, it became the seat of various municipal offices. During World War II, in 1944, it was destroyed by the Germans, except for the facade. After the war, in 1949, the Mostowski Palace was rebuilt. It is now the seat of Warsaw's police headquarters.
# Sames (Amieva)

Sames is the capital of the parish of Mián, the municipality of Amieva, in the principality of Asturias, Spain. The Iglesia de Santa María is about a kilometer from the town.
Sames is located at 220 m (720 ft) above sea level and has a population of 74 inhabitants (INE 2005).
It is 82 km (269,000 ft) from Oviedo, the capital of Asturias.
43°16′N 5°08′W﻿ / ﻿43.267°N 5.133°W﻿ / 43.267; -5.133
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