OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Reghin ghetto

The Reghin ghetto was one of the Nazi-era ghettos for European Jews during World War II. It was located in the city of Reghin (Hungarian: Szászrégen) in Mureș County, Transylvania, now part of Romania but administered by the Kingdom of Hungary from the 1940 Second Vienna Award's grant of Northern Transylvania until late 1944. It was active in the spring of 1944, following Operation Margarethe.

## History

The ghetto was located in a brick factory unsuitable for habitation, selected by mayor Imre Schmidt and police chief János Dudás. Together with Adolf Eichmann's assistant László Endre, they had both taken part in a planning conference at Târgu Mureș on April 28. In the matters of selecting a site for the ghetto and the operation of rounding up Jews, they were aided by Major László Komáromi, head of the city's Royal Hungarian Army unit; lieutenant G. Szentpály Kálmán, commander of the local gendarmerie unit; and Jenő Csordácsics, adviser at city hall and the local "expert" in Jewish matters.
Most of the Jews were housed in buildings without walls, previously used for drying bricks. Some had to live outdoors, while a few were allowed to live in houses near the ghetto, and the edge of the city. At its peak, the ghetto housed 4,000 people, of whom some 1,400 came from the city itself, with the rest brought in from the eastern part of Maros-Torda County (Mureș-Turda) and the north of Csík County (Ciuc). The residents of the Sfântu Gheorghe ghetto also ended up there. The Jews of Gheorgheni were taken in under supervision by mayor Mátyás Tóth and his police chief Géza Polánkai. This included Jews who had received an exemption; the entire community was placed in the primary school building, where local policeman Béla Ferenczi led the search for valuables. After spending three days in the building with almost no food, the Jews were transported to Reghin's ghetto.
Conditions were similar to those found in other ghettos of the region. Local police and a special unit of forty gendarmes from Szeged guarded the ghetto. These individuals searched Jews for valuables, aided by Pál Bányai, Balázs Biró, András Fehér and István Gősi, members of special investigative units from the gendarmerie. Béla Ferenczi was asked to come from Gheorgheni to Reghin in order to help with the interrogation of Jews from his hometown. Irma Lovas led the vaginal inspections for hidden goods. The ghetto was under the direct command of János Dudás. On June 4, 3,149 Jews from the ghetto left on a train bound for the Auschwitz concentration camp.
# Denis Scheck

Denis Scheck (born 15 December 1964) is a German literary critic, journalist, television presenter and former translator.

## Biography

Born in Stuttgart, he studied German studies, contemporary history and political science at the universities of Tübingen, Düsseldorf and Dallas, and earned a master's degree at the University of Texas at Dallas. He was a visiting professor at the University of Göttingen in 2004.
Scheck has been a literary agent, translator of American and British authors, publisher and independent critic. In 1997, he was appointed literary editor at Deutschlandfunk. He has presented the ARD programme Druckfrisch since February 2003.
Scheck lives with his wife in Cologne.

## Controversy

Scheck criticized the decision by German publisher Thienemann to change racist and racially insensitive terms in newer editions of children's books by Otfried Preußler and Astrid Lindgren. In response, and as an act of protest, in January 2013, he appeared on TV in blackface. Scheck, who describes himself as a critic of political correctness and censorship in the literary world, does, however, condemn the use of racist terms in contemporary and everyday language.
Scheck has been criticised several times for his harsh treatment of books, which he considers inferior. In the ‘Anti-Kanon’ section of his show Lesenswert, he presents what he considers to be the worst works in the history of literature. At the end of the review, the book is destroyed by an animated explosion. Critics drew comparisons with the burning of books, whereupon the animation was changed. His handling of books was also criticised by the German literary critic Elke Heidenreich, with whom he had already clashed several times, including through mutual insults.

## Publications

* 1993: King Kong, Spock & Drella – ein Lexikon amerikanischer Trivialmythen
* 1994: Hell's Kitchen – Streifzüge durch die zeitgenössische US-Literatur
* 2011: Sie & Er, der kleine Unterschied beim Essen und Trinken
* 2014: Kurt Vonnegut
* 2019: Schecks Kanon: Die 100 wichtigsten Werke der Weltliteratur
* 2022: Hungrig auf Berlin
* 2022: Schecks kulinarischer Kompass
* 2023: Der undogmatische Hund
* 2024: Schecks Bestsellerbibel: Schätze und Schund aus 20 Jahren

## Television

* Druckfrisch (since 2003)
* Lesenswert Quartett (2014–2025)
* Lesenswert (2016–2025)
* Kunscht! (2016–2018)

## Honours

* Kritikerpreis des Deutschen Anglistentages, 2000
* Übersetzerbarke des Deutschen Literaturübersetzerverbandes, 2007
* Hanns-Joachim-Friedrichs-Award, 2012
* Bavarian TV Awards, 2013
* Hildegard von Bingen Prize for Journalism, 2014
* Julius-Campe-Preis, 2015
# Derech HaTeva

Derech Hateva (Hebrew: דרך הטבע, lit. Path of Nature) is an educational organization in Israel that integrates nature hikes and Jewish learning.

## History

Derech Hateva was founded in 2002 by Yael Ukeles, a New York native and outdoor educator. The program was created connect Jews with Israel and to stress the connection that exists between Judaism and nature. The organization began as an outgrowth of Ukeles' earlier program Teva Adventure and was incubated by SPNI (Society for the Protection of Nature in Israel) for its first years.
Derech Hateva is modeled after environmental programs in the United States like National Outdoor Leadership School and Outward Bound. The idea is to create educational opportunities by placing participants out in nature without modern conveniences, creating self and group reliance.
The first two summers were only open to religious Jewish teenagers. In 2007, it opened to young people from multi-denominational backgrounds in multiple sessions.

## Programs

The main program is the Israel Trail Teen Adventure (ITTA), a month-long hiking program covering some 215 kilometers in northern and southern Israel. The program is divided into gender-segregated groups with each group operating independently.
Elements of the program include hiking and biking in areas mentioned in the Bible along with development of outdoor living and leadership skills. Participants are taught map-reading, setting up camp and preparing meals, combined with swimming, rock-climbing and other outdoor pursuits. The participants keep kosher and observe Shabbat, exploring Judaism through relevant biblical texts on topics relating to nature.
Other programs include smaller trips and educational programming covering topics such as water conservation education and wilderness halacha (Jewish law). The Derech Hateva program goals are to integrate teaching of outdoor skills, ecology, Leave No Trace ethics and Jewish learning.
# Makitra

A makitra (Polish: makutra) is a big clay mixing bowl with a rough surface. With the help of a special (usually wooden, rarely porcelain) grinding stick with a ball-shaped end (called makohin in Ukraine), a makitra can be used for creaming cake batter, eggs with sugar, buttercream, quark for cheese cake, and poppy seeds for kutia. It is perhaps most used in Eastern European kitchens, for example in Poland and Ukraine.
A similar tool, called suribashi, is used in Japanese cuisine.
# Our Lady of Lourdes Hospital, Drogheda

Our Lady of Lourdes Hospital (Irish: Ospidéal Mhuire Lourdes) is a public hospital located in Drogheda, County Louth, Ireland. It is managed by RCSI Hospitals.

## History

The hospital, which was commissioned on the initiative of Mother Mary Martin of the Medical Missionaries of Mary, was opened as Our Lady of Lourdes International Missionary Training Hospital in 1955.
Obstetrician Michael Neary was found to have performed an excessive number of hysterectomies during Caesarean sections in hospital during the late 1970s.
The Catholic ethos of the Medical Missionaries of Mary has been blamed for some controversial practices in relation to abortion and contraception. In 1983, after Sheila Hodgers died of cancer days after giving birth, an article in The Irish Times alleged that anti-cancer medication and painkillers were withheld to protect her foetus. The hospital was the last in Ireland which performed symphysiotomy (widening of the pelvis during childbirth) and did not cease the practice until 1983.
The building was remodelled in the early 21st century. Stage 1 of the works, which involved a new extension, was carried out by P. J. Hegarty & Sons at a cost of €18 million and completed in 2010. Stage 2 of the works, which involved new accident and emergency facilities and new operating theatres, was carried out by a joint venture of GEM Construction and Elliott Construction at a cost of €40 million and completed in 2016.

## Services

The hospital provides 340 beds, of which 30 are reserved for acute day cases.
# Colin Baxter (curler)

Colin Baxter is a Scottish curler.
He is a 1971 World Men's silver medallist and a two-time Scottish men's champion (1971, 1978).
He was also a two-time Scottish Schools champion (1968, 1969).

## Teams

| Season | Skip | Third | Second | Lead | Events |
| 1967–68 | Colin Baxter | Jimmy Hunter | Peter Welsh | Arthur Hendry | SSchCC 1968 |
| 1968–69 | Colin Baxter | Peter Welsh | Donald Crerar | Arthur Hendry | SSchCC 1969 |
| 1970–71 | James Sanderson | Willie Sanderson | Iain Baxter | Colin Baxter | SMCC 1971 WMCC 1971 |
| 1977–78 | James Sanderson | Iain Baxter | Willie Sanderson | Colin Baxter | SMCC 1978 WMCC 1978 (5th) |
| 1978–79 | James Sanderson | Iain Baxter | Colin Baxter | Willie Sanderson | ECC 1978 (4th) |

## Personal life

His brother Iain was also a curler and Colin's teammate. Their parents, father Bobby and mother Mabel, were curlers too.
# The Black Pearl (Scott O'Dell)

The Black Pearl is a young adult novel by Scott O'Dell first published in 1967 about the coming of age of the son of a pearl dealer.

## Plot summary

Ramon Salazar finds a black pearl so beautiful that his father is certain Ramon has found the fabled Pearl of Heaven. This find will bring renown to their town, and to the Salazar name. However, the pearl also has a curse that haunts the town and Salazar's family.

## Film adaptation

Royal Productions and Universum Film produced a film adaptation of The Black Pearl. Released in 1977, the film was directed by Saul Swimmer, written by Victor Miller, and featured performances by Gilbert Roland, Mario Custodio, and Carl Anderson. Perla Cristal and Emilio Rodríguez also starred in the film.
Initially, The Black Pearl was to be shot in Mexico with Ben Vereen in the lead role. But the movie was eventually filmed in Spain without Vereen.
# Gold Trip

Gold Trip (foaled 10 March 2017) is a multiple Group 1 winning French-bred Thoroughbred racehorse that is most notable for winning the 2022 Melbourne Cup.

## Background

Gold Trip is out of the Aga Khan mare Sarvana, who was unplaced in one minor race. Bred by Michael Monfort, he was sold as a yearling for €60,000 at the 2018 Arqana August Yearling Sale in Deauville, France.

## Racing career

Originally trained in France by Fabrice Chappet, Gold Trip was beaten a head at his racing debut at Deauville on October 24, 2019. His only win in France was in the Group II Prix Greffulhe in 2020. He also ran 3rd in the Group I Grand Prix de Paris behind Mogul and 4th in the Prix de l'Arc de Triomphe behind Sottsass. In 2021, Gold Trip placed in the Prix Ganay and the Grand Prix de Saint-Cloud before being sold to Australian Bloodstock syndicators to race in Australia for a reported purchase price of A$2.3 million. In Australia, Gold Trip ran placings in the Naturalism Stakes and Caulfield Cup before winning the 2022 Melbourne Cup by a margin of 2 lengths at the odds of 20/1.

## Pedigree

Pedigree of Gold Trip (FR) 2017 :
| Sire Outstrip (GB) 2011 | Exceed And Excel (AUS) 2000 | Danehill | Danzig |
| Sire Outstrip (GB) 2011 | Exceed And Excel (AUS) 2000 | Danehill | Razyana |
| Sire Outstrip (GB) 2011 | Exceed And Excel (AUS) 2000 | Patrona | Lomond |
| Sire Outstrip (GB) 2011 | Exceed And Excel (AUS) 2000 | Patrona | Gladiolus |
| Sire Outstrip (GB) 2011 | Asi Siempre (USA) 2002 | El Prado | Sadler's Wells |
| Sire Outstrip (GB) 2011 | Asi Siempre (USA) 2002 | El Prado | Lady Capulet |
| Sire Outstrip (GB) 2011 | Asi Siempre (USA) 2002 | Siempre Asi | Silver Hawk |
| Sire Outstrip (GB) 2011 | Asi Siempre (USA) 2002 | Siempre Asi | Turkish Treasure |
| Dam Sarvana (FR) 2010 | Dubai Destination (USA) 1999 | Kingmambo | Mr. Prospector |
| Dam Sarvana (FR) 2010 | Dubai Destination (USA) 1999 | Kingmambo | Miesque |
| Dam Sarvana (FR) 2010 | Dubai Destination (USA) 1999 | Mysterial | Alleged |
| Dam Sarvana (FR) 2010 | Dubai Destination (USA) 1999 | Mysterial | Mysteries |
| Dam Sarvana (FR) 2010 | Sarlisa (FR) 2002 | Rainbow Quest | Blushing Groom |
| Dam Sarvana (FR) 2010 | Sarlisa (FR) 2002 | Rainbow Quest | I Will Follow |
| Dam Sarvana (FR) 2010 | Sarlisa (FR) 2002 | Sarliya | Doyoun |
| Dam Sarvana (FR) 2010 | Sarlisa (FR) 2002 | Sarliya | Safita |
# Dikcheh

Dikcheh (Persian: ديكچه, also Romanized as Dīkcheh and Dīgcheh) is a village in Soltanali Rural District, in the Central District of Gonbad-e Qabus County, Golestan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 2,259, in 407 families.
# Out of the Silent Planet (album)

Out of the Silent Planet is the second studio album by the American rock band King's X (and the first to be released under that name), released in 1988. The title of the album comes from that of a book by C. S. Lewis, an author favored by band members Ty Tabor and Jerry Gaskill. "Out of the Silent Planet" is also the title of the first track from the follow-up album Gretchen Goes to Nebraska. The cover art features the skyline of Houston with the southern outline of the state of Texas. The album received widespread acclaim from music contemporaries. Pantera bassist Rex Brown commented of his and Dimebag Darrell's impressions, noting "Dime called me and said, 'Dude, have you heard this? Have you checked out King's X?'" He says. "We went on a long road trip, and we must have listened to that first record I don't know how many times, and we couldn't stop! This was the sound that Dime and I were always looking for."

## Critical reception

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic | |
| Collector's Guide to Heavy Metal | 9/10 |
| Kerrang! | |
The Houston Chronicle noted that "the playing is ferocious, unencumbered with studio trickery, and the emerging vision elevates this music into its own sphere... If it 'has' to considered heavy metal, it is the most original metal since Van Halen burst on the scene 10 years ago."

## Track listing

All songs written by Gaskill, Pinnick and Tabor, except "Sometimes" and "Far, Far Away" written by Pinnick, Tabor, Gaskill and Marty Warren.

## Personnel
### King's X

* Doug Pinnick – vocals & bass
* Ty Tabor – guitar & vocals
* Jerry Gaskill – drums & vocals

### Production

* Sam Taylor - producer
* Steve Ames - engineer
* Bob Ludwig - mastering at Masterdisk, New York
* Jon Zazula, Marsha Zazula - executive producers

## Charts
### Album

| Year | Chart | Peak position |
| 1988 | Billboard 200 (US) | 144 |

## Accolades

| Publication | Country | Accolade | Year | Rank |
| Kerrang! | United Kingdom | "Albums of the Year" | 1988 | 1 |
| Classic Rock & Metal Hammer | United Kingdom | "The 200 Greatest Albums of the 80s" | 2006 | * |
# Moses ha-Levi Hurwitz

Moses ben Isaac ha-Levi Hurwitz (Hebrew: משה בן יצחק הלוי הורוויץ; died 25 October 1820) was a rabbi from Krozh, Kovno Governorate.
He was on intimate terms with the Vilna Gaon, and was the teacher of his sons. He became maggid of Vilna, and occupied that position for many years, until he lost his voice. He was succeeded by Rabbi Ezekiel Feivel of Dretchin (about 1811). His son Ḥayyim was the father of Lazar Lipman Hurwitz. The work entitled Mo'ade ha-shem (Vilna, 1802), on the Jewish calendar, is often credited to Hurwitz.
# Bangladesh Blade Factory Limited

Bangladesh Blade Factory Limited (Bengali: বাংলাদেশ ব্লেড ফ্যাক্টরী লিঃ) is a Bangladesh government owned company, under the Bangladesh Steel and Engineering Corporation, that manufactures razor blades. Md. Touhiduzzaman is the managing director.

## History

In 1976, the Government of Bangladesh proposed an agreement with the proprietors of Wilkinson Sword, based in the United Kingdom, to establish a blade manufacturing factory in Bangladesh. In 1979, Bangladesh Steel and Engineering Corporation passed the agreement for approval to the Ministry of Industry. After approval from the Planning Commission the construction of the factory began in 1980. The factory started commercial production in 1985.
In the 1980s, the company had one of the biggest shares of the double edged safety blade market in Bangladesh. Its market share declined after 2000 when private companies entered the market. Since then production and revenue have declined for the company as well. In the 2013-2014 financial year it produced 76 million blades but that number declined to 47 million by 2019. The Centre for Policy Dialogue recommended that the government close down the factory due to the large number of private producers. They also recommended that the government turn the factory lot into an industrial park with Bangladesh Economic Zones Authority.
Bangladesh government announced plans to off load shares of the company on the Dhaka Stock Exchange in 2010. By 2011, there some difficulties in off loading the shares. In December 2018, Bangladesh government announced plans to modernize Bangladesh Blade Factory Limited.
# Arctus (mythology)

In Greek mythology, Arctus (Ancient Greek: Ἄρκτον, romanized: Arktos, lit. 'bear') may refer to the following:
* Arctus, one of the centaurs who fought against the Lapiths during the wedding of Pirithous and Hippodamia.
* Arktos, the name of Callisto among the stars after being transformed by her lover Zeus into the constellation Ursa Major (‘The Great Bear’). Meanwhile, their son Arcas was changed and set into the sky as Arctophylax (‘The Bear Watcher’).
# Mosaïque FM

Mosaïque FM (Arabic: موزاييك أف أم, romanized: mūzāyik af am; Mosaïque from French, meaning Mosaic in English) is the first private radio station in Tunisia. Its broadcast all of the Tunisian territory. It has also a live stream through its website.
Launched on 7 November 2003, its staff currently consists of 75 employee working at its Montplaisir located headquarters in Tunis.
The radio station gained rapid success and recognition thanks to its flexible and diverse programs that deal with social issues.
In 2007, the age of listeners ranged between 20 and 39.
It has been long speculated that Mosaïque FM was considered to be the radio of "The Trablesi Clan" because Belhassen Trabelsi held 13% of its shares.
# Makar, Iran

Makar (Persian: مكار, also Romanized as Makār) is a village in Kuhestan Rural District, Kelardasht District, Chalus County, Mazandaran Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 126, in 32 families.
# Golden Bridge (Germany)

The Golden Bridge (German: Goldene Brücke) is a 19th-century pedestrian bridge located in the Hofgarten [de] in the borough Stadtmitte of Düsseldorf, Germany. The heritage-listed structure is the city's oldest pedestrian bridge. It bridges the Düssel dammed up there to ponds and crosses a sightline, which once extended over approximately 900 metres (3,000 ft) between Schloss Jägerhof and the Church of St. Andreas.
During the War of the First Coalition, Düsseldorf was occupied by French troops during 1795. The area of the old Hofgarten was occupied by the troops and fortifications built. In 1804, the landscape architect Maximilian Friedrich Weyhe developed a new layout for the area. This saw the Nördliche Düssel, which flows through the Hofgarten, being dammed forming two lakes. In 1809, the narrowing at the boundary of the two lakes was connected by an arched pedestrian bridge. In 1820, the handrails of this original bridge were painted with gold-bronze which gave the bridge its name.
In 1845, the original bridge was replaced with the current bridge, a flat-decked structure to a design by the architect Anton Schnitzler. The steel substructure is partially painted in gold in keeping with its name. The current handrail was installed in 1951. The Golden Bridge was last renovated in 2015. When work started, it was realised that a more complex renovation was needed than had been anticipated, which delayed the reopening to pedestrian and bicycle traffic until June 2016.
# Ahmed Abdulshafi Bassey

Ahmed Abdulshafi Yacoub Bassey (Arabic: أحمد عبد الشافي يعقوب باسي) is a leader of one of the factions of the Darfurian rebel group the Sudan Liberation Movement. He overthrew Abdul Wahid al Nur on 25 July 2006.
# Gribovsky G-5

The Gribovsky G-5 (Russian: Грибовский Г-5) was a small, low powered Russian single seat sports aircraft from the late 1920s.

## Design and development

The G-5 was the first powered Gribovsky aircraft to fly; his first three designs were gliders and the first powered type, the Gribovsky G-4, though built, was not flown. Structurally all of his aircraft were wooden and several had smooth, rounded monocoque fuselages. That of the G-5 was oval in cross-section, with a single, open cockpit. Its low, cantilever wing had a high aspect ratio (9.0) for the time and the rear surfaces were also high aspect ratio. All flying surfaces were unbraced, keeping the G-5 aerodynamically clean, and the only external bracing was for the main landing gear.
The G-5 was powered by a small British V-twin, the 18 hp (13 kW) Blackburne Tomtit, an engine which had been installed in several of the aircraft that competed in the first Lympne light aircraft trials of 1923, mostly running inverted.

## Specifications

Data from Gunston (1995) p.77
General characteristics
* Crew: One
* Length: 5.0 m (16 ft 5 in)
* Wingspan: 9.0 m (29 ft 6 in)
* Wing area: 9.0 m$^2$ (97 sq ft)
* Empty weight: 170 kg (375 lb)
* Gross weight: 270 kg (595 lb)
* Fuel capacity: 20 kg (44 lb)
* Powerplant: 1 × Blackburne Tomtit air-cooled V-twin, 13 kW (18 hp)
Performance
* Maximum speed: 130 km/h (81 mph, 70 kn)
* Range: 350 km (220 mi, 190 nmi) in 3 hr
* Service ceiling: 4,500 m (14,800 ft)
* Landing speed: 60 km/h (37 mph)
# Bristol Badminton

The Bristol Type 99 Badminton was a 1920s British single-seat racing biplane built by the Bristol Aeroplane Company and designed by F.S. Barnwell.

## Design and development

The Badminton was a single-seat single-engine equal-span biplane, it was made from wood and metal with fabric covering. It had a conventional tailskid landing gear and the nose-mounted engine was a 510 hp (380 kW) Bristol Jupiter VI. Only one aircraft was built, registered G-EBMK, and it first flew at Filton Aerodrome on 5 May 1926. It was entered into the 1926 King's Cup Race but it forced-landed with a fuel feed problem. In 1927, the aircraft was rebuilt as the Type 99A with new wide-span tapered wings, a raised centre section and wide-chord interplane struts. It was powered by an uncowled (525 hp) (392 kW) Bristol Jupiter VI engine. It gained a certificate of airworthiness on 26 July 1927, but had a fatal crash at Filton two days later (28 July) after an engine failure on takeoff.

## Variants
### Type 99

    1926 single-seat racing biplane, one built.

### Type 99A

    Type 99 modified in 1927.

## Specifications (Type 99)

Data from
General characteristics
* Crew: one
* Length: 21 ft 2.38 in (6.45 m)
* Wingspan: 24 ft 1 in (7.34 m)
* Empty weight: 1,840 lb (835 kg)
* Gross weight: 2,460 lb (1,116 kg)
* Powerplant: 1 × Bristol Jupiter VI , 510 hp (380 kW)
Performance
* Maximum speed: 160 mph (256 km/h, 140 kn)