OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Directorate of National Palaces

In Turkey, the Directorate of National Palaces (Turkish: Millî Saraylar İdaresi Başkanlığı) is an institution responsible for protecting national palaces across the country. It is affiliated with the office of the President of Turkey.

## History

Four months after the declaration of the Republic of Turkey, with the Law No. 431 enacted on 3 March 1924, the Caliphate was abolished, and the sultan's palaces and all its properties and furnishings were transferred to the nation according to Articles 8, 9 and 10 of this law.
With the Council of Ministers' decree on 18 January 1925, Dolmabahçe and Beylerbeyi Palaces were named among the National Palaces and left to the management of the National Palaces Managing Organization. In the same year, Yıldız-Şale, Aynalıkavak and Küçüksu Palace came under the control of this Directorate, followed by Yalova Atatürk Mansion in 1930, Ihlamur Palace in 1966 and Maslak Palace in 1981. With the Organization Law of the General Secretariat of the Turkish Grand National Assembly numbered 2919, the organization became an independent department on its own and in 1988 the Florya Atatürk Marine Mansion was added to the list of properties controlled by it, followed by Filizli Mansion in 1991, and Yıldız Porcelain and Hereke İpekli Weaving and Carpet Factories in 1994. On 10 July 2018, the institution was connected to the Office of President with the Presidential Decree No. 1 and its name was changed to the "Directorate of National Palaces".

## Palaces and properties

* Aynalıkavak Pavilion
* Beylerbeyi Palace
* Çırağan Palace
* Dolmabahçe Palace
* Filizli Mansion
* Florya Atatürk Marine Mansion
* Hereke İpekli Weaving and Carpet Factory
* Ihlamur Pavilion
* Küçüksu Pavilion
* Maslak Pavilion
* Yalova Atatürk Mansion
* Yıldız Porcelain Factory
* Yıldız Palace
# Vera Trefilova

Vera Trefilova (Russian: Вера Александровна Трефилова) (b Vladikavkaz, 8 Oct. 1875, d Paris, 11 July 1943) was a Russian dancer and teacher.
She studied at the Imperial Ballet School in St Petersburg with Ekaterina Vazem and graduated in 1894. She later studied with Evgenia Sokolova, Nikolai Legat, Catarina Beretta and Enrico Cecchetti. She joined the ballet company at the Maryinsky Theatre in 1894 and was promoted to soloist in 1901. She created roles in Lev Ivanov's Acis and Galatea (1896), N. and S. Legat's The Fairy Doll (1903), N. Legat's The Blood-Red Flower (1907), and Mikhail Fokine's The Night of Terpsichore (1907). In 1906 she was promoted to prima ballerina, known for her 32 fouettés. She triumphed as Princess Aurora in Sleeping Beauty, but resigned in 1910, partly due to her dislike of Fokine's innovations, but above all due to a rivalry with the Maryinsky's reigning ballerina, Mathilde Kschessinska.
In 1915 she made her debut as an actress at the Mikhailovsky Theatre in St. Petersburg.
In 1917 she left Russia and opened a ballet school in Paris: among her pupils were Marina Svetlova, Mary Skeaping, Nina Vyroubova and Mari Bicknell.
Diaghilev invited her to dance Aurora in his 1921 London production of The Sleeping Princess. In 1924, almost 50 years old, she danced Odette-Odile for Diaghilev's Ballets Russes in Monte Carlo, still amazing audiences with her fouetté turns. She gave her final performance at His Majesty's Theatre in London in 1926.
She had three husbands, the third of whom was the dance critic Valerian Svetlov.
# Kashino, Kirzhachsky District, Vladimir Oblast

Kashino (Russian: Кашино) is a rural locality (a village) in Filippovskoye Rural Settlement, Kirzhachsky District, Vladimir Oblast, Russia. The population was 252 as of 2010. There are 9 streets.

## Geography

Kashino is located 32 km south of Kirzhach (the district's administrative centre) by road. Pesyane is the nearest rural locality.
# Colònia de Sant Pere

Colònia de Sant Pere is a small town at northeast coast of Majorca, Balearic Islands (Spain). It belongs to Artà municipality. It lies in the bay of Alcúdia. At the beginning, in the 19th century, it used to be a small settlement focused on agriculture and fishing, resident by just a few families. Currently it is a very popular destination for tourists from abroad and local people as it is very small, quiet town and thanks to its location at the sea.

## Early history of the region

The area of Còlonia de Sant Pere became Roman territory for the first time in the year 123 B.C when the Roman general Quintus Caecilius Balearicus conquered the archipelago. Then, in 534, it became the territory of the Byzantian Empire. From 707 the area was under Islamic influence since the Baleares were conquered by the Muslims from the North Africa. The entire island was then conquered by King James I the Conqueror in 1229. In 1344 King Peter IV of Aragon re-incorporated the Baleares into the crown and since then the area of nowadays Colonia de Sant Pedro remained under the crown's rule.
# Ronneby Bloodbath

Ronneby Bloodbath (Swedish: Ronneby blodbad) was a massacre conducted by the Swedish army in the then-Danish city of Ronneby in Blekinge during the Northern Seven Years' War on Monday, September 4th 1564.

## Campaign

During the Swedish invasion of the Danish province of Blekinge, the soldiers in the far back of the marching Swedish army were taken captive by the locals and hanged from the trees in the country side. In retaliation, King Eric XIV of Sweden gave the order that all lands between Lyckeby and Ronneby were free to pillage, killing and burning by the army.
On 3 September 1564, the Swedish army reached the Danish city of Ronneby, which was at that point a flourishing and wealthy merchant city. The city lacked proper defense fortifications or a garrison, but likely expected to be given assistance from the Danish troops, which were positioned some miles away. The city refused to surrender to the Swedes despite been given two opportunities to do so. When the Swedish army stormed the city early on the morning of 4 September, they quickly pulled down the temporary palisade which was its only defense and, with no soldiers defending it, pillaged the city and massacred its inhabitants in accordance with the order of scorched earth issued by Eric XIV.
Eric XIV wrote of the storming of the city: "The water in the Ronneby [river] was red by the blood from dead bodies. And were the enemies so meek, that one did not bother much with them, but cut them down as a horde of wild boars, and spared no one but killed all that was there, so that in the city there were more than two thousand men killed by their throats aside for some women and children, whom the miserable Finns beat to death". A great fortune was taken as war price including silver and gold, household goods, wine and salt and many more goods stored by the city merchants, and much of the city was burned down during the pillage.

## Aftermath

When the pillage was over, Eric XIV gave the order that the surviving inhabitants were to be gathered and resettled in Sweden proper. This has been interpreted that he intended to keep the province of Blekinge, and populate it with loyal Swedish and Finnish colonists. This plan, however, was never put in action because of the swift change of the war situation shortly after.
Whether Eric XIV was actually present in Ronneby during the bloodbath is unknown; the day after, he is known to have been in Lyckå, and the day after that, he was already on his way back to Kalmar.
The Ronneby Bloodbath was frequently used as propaganda by both Sweden and Denmark-Norway during the war: the Swedes to demonstrate a well deserved victory by Eric XIV, and the Danes to gather more resistance toward the Swedes among by pointing to the cruelty during the Ronneby Bloodbath. In practice, the bloodbath in Ronneby was not unusual in accordance with contemporary war custom, where a city taken by storm was left to be pillaged by the conquerors. Many leading citizens of the city are known to have survived, among them its mayor, Birger Jonsson.
# Shahik

Shahik (Persian: شاهيك, also Romanized as Shāhīk) is a village in Qaen Rural District, in the Central District of Qaen County, South Khorasan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 230, in 58 families.
# W. J. Frecklington

William James Frecklington MVO, OAM, known as "W. J." or "Jim" (born c.1949 in Parkes, NSW, Australia), is a maker of carriages.
He is an old boy of The Scots College in Sydney, graduating in 1968.
After working in the Arctic, he moved to England, and was engaged at Windsor Castle, and later moved to the Royal Mews in London, caring for the Royal ceremonial horses and driving the carriages on ceremonial occasions. He also served as an outrider at Ascot.
In 1977 he was invited to manage the Queen's Silver Jubilee Exhibition during its tour of Australia, and following that he built a replica of Edward VII's 1902 State Landau.
He then went on to build Queen Elizabeth's Australian State Coach, which was presented to the Queen on the occasion of the Australian Bicentennial in 1988.
A new British state coach constructed on Frecklington's initiative, the Diamond Jubilee State Coach (also known as the State Coach Britannia), was first used during the State Opening of Parliament in June 2014.
The Diamond Jubilee State Coach was also used in the coronation of King Charles III.
In April 2023 it was reported that Frecklington was constructing a new coach, but he has kept the details secret.
# Envoi Allen

Envoi Allen (foaled 16 February 2014) is a French-bred thoroughbred racehorse competing in National Hunt racing.

## Career

Envoi Allen was bred in France and first raced in Ireland in a point to point at Ballinaboola where he won by 10 lengths.
He was sold at the Tattersalls Ireland Cheltenham February Sale for £400,000. Bloodstock agent Tom Malone purchased the horse on behalf of David and Patricia Thompson of Cheveley Park Stud.
Trained by Gordon Elliott in Ireland, Envoi Allen won his first 11 races under rules. This included victories at the Cheltenham Festival in two Grade 1s, winning the 2019 Champion Bumper and 2020 Ballymore Novices Hurdle.
In Ireland he won three Grade 1 races the 2019 Royal Bond Novice Hurdle, Lawlors of Naas Novice Hurdle and the Drinmore Novice Chase.
In March 2021, training was switched from Gordon Elliott to Henry De Bromhead.
De Bromhead's training of Envoi Allen got off to a poor start as he fell in the Marsh Chase at Cheltenham and was pulled up in the Dooley Insurance Champion Novice Chase at Punchestown. It was later revealed he had suffered an injury early in the race.
After the summer break, he returned at Down Royal to victory in a Grade 2 Chase. He also won a Grade 1 at Leopardstown ridden by Grand National and Gold Cup winning jockey Rachael Blackmore.
# Faurås Hundred

Faurås Hundred (Swedish: Faurås härad) was a hundred in Halland, Sweden.
It was composed of the following parishes: Alfshög, Fagered, Gunnarp, Gällared, Källsjö, Köinge, Ljungby, Morup, Okome, Stafsinge, Svartrå, Ullared and Vinberg in Falkenberg Municipality as well as Dagsås and Sibbarp parishes in Varberg Municipality.
# Karpovo, Kirzhachsky District, Vladimir Oblast

Karpovo (Russian: Карпово) is a rural locality (a village) in Gorkinskoye Rural Settlement, Kirzhachsky District, Vladimir Oblast, Russia. The population was 25 as of 2010.

## Geography

Karpovo is located on the Sherna River, 16 km northwest of Kirzhach (the district's administrative centre) by road. Vasilyovo is the nearest rural locality.
# Philippine Center for Investigative Journalism

The Philippine Center for Investigative Journalism (PCIJ) is a non-profit media organization specializing in investigative journalism. It is based in Quezon City, Philippines. Established in 1989 by nine Filipino journalists, the organization funds investigative projects for both the print and broadcast media.
It has published over 1,000 investigative reports and over 1,000 articles in Philippine newspapers and magazines, produced documentaries and published more than two dozen books on current issues. The center also offers writing fellowships to deserving reporters, journalists, and academics.
PCIJ is one of three Philippine organizations belonging to the Global Investigative Journalism Network.

## History
### Beginnings

Sheila Coronel, Petronilo Daroy, Lorna Kalaw-Tirol, Malou Mangahas, Horacio Severino, Rosario Tanedo, Rigoberto Tiglao, Marites Vitug, and Virgilio Vitug founded the Philippine Center for Investigative Journalism in 1989.

### 1990s

In 1990, PCIJ published Kudeta: the Challenge to Philippine Democracy, a joint collaboration with the Photojournalists' Guild of the Philippines. It examined the Philippine Military, its rebel factions, the civil government, and society. The book won a Best Book Award from the Catholic Mass Media Awards.
In 1999, PCIJ published Her Stories: Investigative Reports on Filipino Women in the 1990s. It presented articles from reputable newspapers across the nation, examining the viewpoints of women across various sectors.

### 2010s

In 2016, PCIJ organized a series of workshop on investigating election finance, funded by the National Endowment for Democracy.
In 2017, PCIJ launched the PCIJ Story Project. It provides grants for projects that expose human rights abuses, misuse of public funds, and threats to free expression and press freedom.

## Organization

A board of editors, mostly composed of the center's founders, holds monthly meetings. A board of advisers also convenes to help determine the direction the center's endeavors will take. The center employs a 13-person staff headed by an executive director. The staff also includes five journalists, an office manager, a marketing coordinator, a researcher, and a librarian.

## Awards

The PCIJ has been awarded nine National Book Awards, a Catholic Mass Media Award, and dozens of Jaime V. Ongpin Awards for Investigative Journalism.
The PCIJ has also won the Agence France-Presse's Kate Webb Award and the AJA Award for Press Freedom from the Asia Journalist Association.
# Terra Sancta Chapel, Jerusalem

The Terra Sancta Chapel (Hebrew: הקפלה טרה סנטה) or Chapel of Terra Sancta is a chapel of the Catholic Church that is located inside the educational complex of the Terra Sancta College, located at Paris Square, in Jerusalem.
The original complex was built in 1926, with the design of the Italian architect Antonio Barluzzi in 1933 were added the chapel and residences that are in buildings annexed to the main structure.
The chapel, just like the complex, originally had the Italian name Terra Santa, but due to the situation during World War II, when Italy was an enemy state of the British Empire, who at that time ruled what was known as Mandatory Palestine, it was changed to the Latin version: Terra Sancta. Both names translate as Holy Land.
The church is used by Christian students, the Franciscan Sisters of the Immaculate and the Franciscan Fraternity.
# Bernard Bonner

Bernard Bonner (22 July 1927 – 14 February 2005) was a Scottish professional footballer who played as a forward. Spending most of his playing career in Scotland, he made an appearance in the English Football League with Wrexham.
# Marc Lais

Marc Lais (born 4 February 1991) is a German former professional footballer who played as a midfielder.
# Money Box (radio programme)

Money Box is a weekly personal finance radio programme on BBC Radio 4, produced by BBC News, currently presented by Paul Lewis. The programme is broadcast live each Saturday in the half-hour slot just after midday. It is repeated on Sunday evenings just after 9.00pm.

## Overview

Money Box began in October 1977 with Louise Botting as presenter, which she continued until 1992, after which Alison Mitchell presented until September 2000. The current presenter is Paul Lewis. He has presented since September 2000, having been a reporter on the programme in the early 1990s. The programme has also been hosted by Naga Munchetty.
A related phone in programme Money Box Live launched in 1990. It answers listeners' calls and emails on one personal finance topics. Money Box Live is broadcast on Wednesdays in the half-hour slot just after 3.00pm. Vincent Duggleby sometimes presents.
Money Box and Money Box Live are broadcast each week throughout the year except for six weeks from mid-July to late August. A podcast can be downloaded and transcripts and summaries of programmes back to 2000 are available. On the website there is a 'Have Your Say' page which publishes listeners' views on one story from the current week's Money Box.

## Typical financial topics

* 2007–2008 financial crisis
* Credit cards
* Pensions
* Individual Savings Account (ISA)
# Senjedu, South Khorasan

Senjedu (Persian: سنجدو, also Romanized as Senjedū) is a village in Kuh Yakhab Rural District, Dastgerdan District, Tabas County, South Khorasan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 39, in 20 families.
# Larabanga

Larabanga (Arabic: لارابانجا) is a town in West Gonja district, a district in the Savannah Region of Ghana. It is known for its whitewashed adobe Sahelian mosque, said to date from 1421, and which, having been built at the height of the trans-Saharan trade, is reputed to be Ghana's oldest mosque and houses a copy of the Qur'an almost as old.
The Town is also known for its Mystic Stone, for its patterned vernacular architecture, and as the entrance to the Mole National Park.

## Legend of the Mystic Stone

During British rule, there was a road that was laid near the Larabanga Mosque. A stone was removed during the process to make way for the road. The next day, the stone was found again on the same place it was displaced from. The stone was again removed and the same thing happened the next day. Later, the officials decided to build the road around the stone and it became known as the Mystic Stone.
# 1900 Victorian colonial election

The 1900 Victorian colonial election was held on 1 November 1900 to elect the 18th Parliament of Victoria. All 95 seats in the Legislative Assembly were up for election.
The incumbent Ministerialist government, led by Allan McLean, was defeated and a Liberal government was formed with George Turner as Premier. Turner had previously served as premier from 1894 until 1899.
This was the first election in Victoria that used first-past-the-post following the abolition of plural voting. People who lived in one electorate and owned property in another were still able to choose which electorate they voted in.
This was also the last election in Victoria before Australian federation in 1901, when it became a state.

## Results

Legislative Assembly (FPTP) :
| Party | Party | Party | Votes | % | Swing | Seats | Change |
| | Liberal | Liberal | 80,536 | 50.61 | +50.61 | 44 | 44 |
| | Ministerialist | Ministerialist | 37,048 | 23.28 | −40.41 | 24 | 31 |
| | Conservative | Conservative | 23,596 | 14.83 | −10.16 | 18 | 14 |
| | United Labour | United Labour | 17,952 | 11.28 | +0.84 | 9 | 1 |
| Formal votes | Formal votes | Formal votes | 159,132 | | | | |
| Informal votes | Informal votes | Informal votes | 678 | | | | |
| Total | Total | Total | 159,810 | | | 95 | |
| Registered voters / turnout | Registered voters / turnout | Registered voters / turnout | 280,810 | 63.41 | | | |
# Rosstrappe Chair Lift

The Rosstrappe Chair Lift (German: Rosstrappe-Sessellift) is a 559-metre-long single-seater chairlift built in 1980 by the firm of Chrudrim. It runs from Thale in the Bode Gorge taking eight minutes to reach the rock massif of the Roßtrappe.
The Rosstrappe Chair Lift climbs 250 metres over a length of 668 metres. It has over 13 supports. In 2005, the old chairlift was replaced by a new one. The cable used has a diameter of 28 mm and it is driven by a 40 kW engine in the valley station. The Rosstrappe Chair Lift can transport up to 400 people per hour.
# Hedgerow (disambiguation)

A hedge or hedgerow is a line of closely spaced shrubs planted to act as a barrier or boundary.
Hedgerow may also refer to:
* Hedgerow (weapon), a variant of the Hedgehog anti-submarine mortar used to support amphibious assaults
* All the Rivers (Hebrew: גדר חיה Gader Chaya, literally: Hedgerow), a 2014 novel written by Dorit Rabinyan
* Hedgerow removal
* Hedgerow Theatre, an historic theatre in Rose Valley, Pennsylvania
# Sun Jiazheng

Sun Jiazheng (simplified Chinese: 孙家正; traditional Chinese: 孫家正; pinyin: Sūn Jiāzhèng; born March 1944) is a politician of the People's Republic of China. He served as Minister of Radio, Film and Television between 1994 and 1998, before serving as Minister of Culture of the People's Republic of China from March 1998 to March 2008. He was the chairman of the China Federation of Literary and Art Circles from 2006 to 2016.

## Biography

Sun was born in Siyang, Jiangsu Province, during the Republic of China in March 1944. Sun joined the Chinese Communist Party in January 1966. He graduated from Nanjing University in 1968, where he majored in Chinese. After graduation, Sun labor at May Seventh Cadre School in Liuhe County, Jiangsu Province.
Sun entered politics in 1971 during the Cultural Revolution. After the Chinese Economic Reform, Sun served as secretary of Nanjing Committee of Chinese Communist Party, then served as secretary of Xuzhou Committee of Chinese Communist Party from 1984 to 1985. In December 1989, Sun served as deputy secretary of Jiangsu Committee of Chinese Communist Party. In April 1994, Sun was transferred to Ministry of Radio, Film and Television, where he was the minister for 4 years from 1994 to 1998.
In March 1998, Sun was appointed Minister of Culture of the People'e Republic of China. In November 2006, Sun was elected the Chairman of the China Federation of Literary and Art Circles. In March 2008, Sun was elected 11th vice chairman of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference.