OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Donetskyi

Donetskyi (Ukrainian: Донецький; Russian: Донецкий) is a rural settlement in Kadiivka urban hromada, Alchevsk Raion (district), Luhansk Oblast (region), Ukraine, at about 50 km WNW from the centre of Luhansk city, on the right bank of the Luhan. Population: 3,490 (2022 estimate).
It is part of the Kirovsk Municipality.
# Transylvanian Plateau

The Transylvanian Plateau (Romanian: Podișul Transilvaniei; Hungarian: Erdélyi-medence) is a plateau in central Romania.

## Description

The plateau lies within and takes its name from the historical region of Transylvania, and is almost entirely surrounded by the Eastern, Southern and Romanian Western branches of the Carpathian Mountains. The area includes the Transylvanian Plain.
It is improperly called a plateau, for it does not possess extensive plains, but is formed of a network of valleys of various size, ravines and canyons, united together by numerous small mountain ranges, which attain a height of 150–250 m (490–820 ft) above the altitude of the valley.
The plateau has a continental climate. Temperature varies a great deal in the course of a year, with warm summers contrasted by very cold winters. Vast forests cover parts of the plateau and the mountains. The mean elevation is 300–500 m (980–1,640 ft).

## Subdivisions

The Transylvanian Plateau is divided into three areas:
* Someș Plateau [ro] (Podișul Someșan or Podișul Someșelor); the northern part.
* Transylvanian Plain (Câmpia Transilvaniei); the central part.
* Târnava Plateau [ro] (Podișul Târnavelor); the southern part.
The Transylvanian Plain is also hilly (400–600 m), but because the area is almost completely cultivated it is called a plain.

## The Transylvanian Basin

The Transylvanian Basin (Romanian: Depresiunea colinară a Transilvaniei) includes the Transylvanian Plateau and the peripheral areas towards the Carpathian Mountains, which have a different character than the plateau. The basin is the main production site of Romania's methane. It also contains a salt dome.
# Pokrovske, Mariupol Raion, Donetsk Oblast

Pokrovske (Ukrainian: Покровське) is a village (a selo) in the Mariupol Raion (district) of Donetsk Oblast in eastern Ukraine.

## History

Pokrovske was known as Samaryna Balka (Ukrainian: Самарина Балка) until 1945 and from 1945 to 2016 as Illichivske (Ukrainian: Іллічівське). It was given its current name in 2016 as part of decommunization in Ukraine.
Until 18 July 2020, Pokrovske belonged to Manhush Raion. The raion was abolished that day as part of the administrative reform of Ukraine, which reduced the number of raions of Donetsk Oblast to eight, of which only five were controlled by the government. The Manhush Raion was merged into Mariupol Raion.

## Demographics

Native language as of the Ukrainian Census of 2001:
* Ukrainian 26.97%
* Russian 72.74%
* Belarusian 0.07%
# Cumbria Institute of the Arts

54°53′28″N 2°55′16″W﻿ / ﻿54.891°N 2.921°W﻿ / 54.891; -2.921 The Cumbria Institute of the Arts was a further and higher education institution in Carlisle, Cumbria, England.

## History

Founded as the Society for the Encouragement of Fine Arts in 1822, it proceeded as the Carlisle College of Art, from 1950, and switched to Cumbria Institute of the Arts from Cumbria College of Art and Design in 2001.
The Institute merged with St Martin's College (founded in Lancaster) to form the University of Cumbria on 1 August 2007. Cumbria Institute became the University's Faculty of Arts.

## Notable alumni

* Rikki Chamberlain, actor (Captain Mack)
* Michael Cumming, director
* Bryan Dick, actor (The Long Firm, Blackpool, Blood and Chocolate)
* Richard Dyer, co-founder of Skiddle Ltd
* Sheila Fell, landscape painter
* Margaret Harrison, artist
* Charlie Hunnam, actor (Sons of Anarchy, Byker Grove, Queer as Folk)
* Percy Kelly, artist
* Helen Skelton, TV presenter (Blue Peter)
* Keith Tyson, 2002 Turner Prize winner
* Lorna Graves, painter, sculptor
# Mezőcsát District

Mezőcsát (Hungarian: Mezőcsáti járás) is a district in southern part of Borsod-Abaúj-Zemplén County. Mezőcsát is also the name of the town where the district seat is found. The district is located in the Northern Hungary Statistical Region.

## Geography

Mezőcsát District borders with Miskolc District and Tiszaújváros District to the north, Hajdúnánás District and Balmazújváros District (Hajdú-Bihar County) to the east and south, Mezőkövesd District to the west. The number of the inhabited places in Mezőcsát District is 8.

## Municipalities

The district has 1 town and 7 villages. (ordered by population, as of 1 January 2012)
* Ároktő (1,051)
* Gelej (588)
* Hejőpapi (1,119)
* Igrici (1,219)
* Mezőcsát (5,891) – district seat
* Tiszadorogma (367)
* Tiszakeszi (2,487)
* Tiszatarján (1,408)
The bolded municipality is the city.

## Demographics

Religion in Mezőcsát District (2011 census)
In 2011, it had a population of 14,446 and the population density was 41/km².
| Year | County population | Change |
| 2011 | 14,446 | n/a |

### Ethnicity

Besides the Hungarian majority, the main minority is the Roma (approx. 1,500).
Total population (2011 census): 14,446 Ethnic groups (2011 census): Identified themselves: 14,393 persons:
* Hungarians: 12,884 (89.52%)
* Gypsies: 1,376 (9.56%)
* Others and indefinable: 133 (0.92%)
Approx. 50 persons in Mezőcsát District did not declare their ethnic group at the 2011 census.

### Religion

Religious adherence in the county according to 2011 census:
* Reformed – 6,239;
* Catholic – 3,764 (Roman Catholic – 3,625; Greek Catholic – 139);
* other religions – 211;
* Non-religious – 1,396;
* Atheism – 53;
* Undeclared – 2,783.

## Gallery

* Mezőcsát, the district seat
* Dobozy Mansion in Mezőcsát
* Aerial view of Tiszatarján
* Reformed Church in Gelej
# Lesnoy, Republic of Buryatia

Lesnoy (Russian: Лесной) is a rural locality (a settlement) in Tarbagataysky District, Republic of Buryatia, Russia. The population was 6 as of 2010. There is 1 street.

## Geography

Lesnoy is located 60 km northeast of Tarbagatay (the district's administrative centre) by road. Nikolayevsky is the nearest rural locality.
# Khan Qoli

Khan Qoli (Persian: خانقلي, also Romanized as Khān Qolī) is a village in Hulasu Rural District, in the Central District of Shahin Dezh County, West Azerbaijan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 192, in 35 families.
# Horgoš

Horgoš (Serbian: Хоргош, romanized: Horgoš; Hungarian: Horgos) is a village located in the municipality of Kanjiža, North Banat District, Vojvodina, Serbia. As of 2011 census, it has a population of 5,709 inhabitants. A border crossing between Serbia and Hungary is located in the village.

## History

The village is mentioned in documents already in the 11th century, as part of the Kingdom of Hungary. In the 13th century, the area was populated by Cumans, who were guaranteed a certain degree of autonomy by Béla VI of Hungary. In 1542 the region was conquered by the forces of Suleiman the Magnificent, Sultan of the Ottoman Empire.
After the Polish-Ottoman War (1683–1699), it was conquered by the Habsburg Empire and later became a part of Austro-Hungary. Between the two World Wars it was a part of Yugoslavia. In April 1941 German troops invaded Yugoslavia, and short later Germany handed the area to Hungary. In 1945 it was again a part of Yugoslavia. After the dismantling of Yugoslavia it was incorporated into the territory of Serbia.

## Jewish community

First documents on Jewish residents of Horgos date back to the 19th century. 87 Jews were counted in Horgos in 1877 and only 53 by the break of the Second World War. After the Hungarian occupation of the village in 1941, Jews were brutally persecuted, and after the German invasion in 1944 were deported to Nazi concentration camps. Only a few survived and returned to the village, but within several years emigrated to Israel.

## Famous residents

The village was the seat of the famous Hungarian noble family, the Kárász de Horgos et Szentpéter. The Serbian author Aleksandar Tišma was also born in Horgos to a Serbian father and Hungarian-Jewish mother. Among other noteworthy personalities who were born in Horgos are the astronomer László L. Kiss, the musician Albert Földi, the artists István Fujkin and Miklós Berényi, the actor Lehel Kovács and the computer scientist Josef H. Braun.

## Gallery

* Aerial view of border crossing at Horgoš
* Border crossing at Horgoš
* A 1987 passport stamp from Horgoš
# Gada River (Uele)

The Gada River (French: Rivière Gada) is a left tributary of the Uele River, which it joins downstream from Niangara in the Haut-Uélé province of the Democratic Republic of the Congo.

## Course

The Gada River forms to the southwest of Ndedu and flows in a generally northwest direction with many meanders to join the Uele downstream from Niangara. Niangara is built on a clay plateau between the Uele and the Gada. There is one large set of rapids, the Chute Itelengi.
The river contains some gold, which the indigenous population extracts through artisanal methods. The river also provides a source of fish for the riverine population. In the colonial era the Belgians developed some fish ponds, but these have been abandoned.

## History

A Belgian expedition led by Jules Alexandre Milz traveled by land along the south bank of the Uele selecting sites for new posts, and reached the confluence of the Gada River with the Uele on 18 March 1892, where they chose to build a new station at the village of Mbegu, named Niangara. Willem Frans Van Kerckhoven arrived there on 25 March 1892, and Jean-Hubert Cloesen was placed in charge of the post.
# Florida v. White

Florida v. White, 526 U.S. 559 (1999), was a U.S. Supreme Court case involving the exclusionary rule of evidence under the Fourth Amendment.

## Background

Florida law enforcement observed Tyvessel White use his car to deliver cocaine on three occasions between July and August 1993. Therefore, they found probable cause to subject his vehicle to forfeiture under the Florida Contraband Forfeiture Act. Two months later, White was arrested on unrelated charges, where officers seized his car without a warrant. A later inventory of the vehicle revealed two pieces of crack cocaine in the ashtray. During his trial for possessing controlled substances, White filed a motion to suppress the crack cocaine. Initially reserving their ruling, the trial court denied the motion after White was convicted by a jury. While the Florida First District Court of Appeal affirmed the conviction, the Florida Supreme Court ruled that probable cause alone does not justify a warrantless seizure.

## Opinion of the Court

In a 7–2 vote, the Court overturned the lower courts' decision and ruled that under Carroll v. United States and United States v. Watson, law enforcement exercises greater latitude in warrantless searches when in public places (as long as the officials possess probable cause).

### Souter's Concurrence

Justice Souter concurred with the majority opinion; however, he advocated against the unregulated seizure of property whether it is viewed in public or not.

### Stevens' Dissent

Justice Stevens objected to the fact that White was arrested on unrelated charges when law enforcement had the opportunity to arrest him for cocaine trafficking. Additionally, he became perplexed that a warrant was not issued during the two-month timespan. Stevens concludes that the circumstances leading up to White's arrest did not significantly threaten public safety in contrast to Watson.

## Significance

This case grants law enforcement greater ability to seize vehicles without a warrant in public areas insofar that there is probable cause around the need to do so.
# Novooleksandrivka, Kramatorsk Raion, Donetsk Oblast

Novooleksandrivka (Ukrainian: Новоолександрівка; Russian: Новоалександровка) is a village in Oleksandrivka Raion (district) in Donetsk Oblast of eastern Ukraine. The village borders in NW with Kharkiv Oblast.
# Lina Koutifari

Lina Koutifari (Greek: Λίνα Κουτήφαρη) (1921 – March 22, 1991), née Tsakiris, was a Greek doctor, professor, and MP from Smyrna, modern İzmir.

## Biography

She was born Pavlina Tsakiris in Smyrna.
Koutifari studied under Georgios Papanikolaou in the USA. In 1954, she founded the cytology department at the Alexandra Hospital in Athens. She was the first Greek cytologist to practice in Greece.
She was elected to the Greek parliament on November 17, 1974. Koutifari was a member of the New Democracy Party. She represented the Municipality of Athens [el]. She was appointed the Deputy Minister of National Education and Religious Affairs in September 1976 by Konstantinos Karamanlis, and she resigned in October 1977. While serving as an MP, she lectured at the University of Athens medical school. She was also the chief of the Greek delegation to the 1975 World Conference on Women.
She believed that a woman's first duty was to her children and that women belonged in the home.
Koutifari died on March 22, 1991.
# Bhavanarayana Temple, Bapatla

Bhavanarayana Temple is a temple in Bapatla of Bapatla district in the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh. The temple is dedicated to Lord Bhavanarayana and because of this temple the town of Bapatla got its name. It is one of the centrally protected monuments of national importance.

## History

The temple was constructed by a Choda king named Krimikantha Chola and was later restored.
# Garnudden Nature Reserve

Garnudden Nature Reserve (Swedish: Garnuddens naturreservat) is a nature reserve in Salem Municipality, Stockholm County in Sweden.
The purpose of the nature reserve is to protect the natural values of the area for the future, as it is located close to an urban environment, as well as an effort to sustain the biodiversity of the area. The area is topographically varied and is typical for forest areas on Södertörn. Several protected species are known from the area, including Phellinus pini and Cortinarius sulfurinus.
The area is accessible to visitors via footpaths. A beach for bathing also lies within the reserve and is supervised by Salem Municipality.
# Maurice Bruneau

J.-Maurice Bruneau (1908-2004) was a local politician in Shawinigan, Quebec. He was the 16th Mayor of Shawinigan from 1966 to 1970.
He was born in 1908 in Saint-Maurice, Mauricie and once owned a butcher shop on 5$^e$ rue (Fifth Street). He was a member of the Richelieu Club and the Chamber of Commerce.
Bruneau served as a council member from 1957 to 1966.
He ran for mayor in Shawinigan in 1966 against incumbent Gérard Dufresne and won.
Under his administration, the Centre des Arts (2100, boulevard des Hêtres) was completed.
Bruneau ran for re-election in 1970, but was defeated by council member Dominique Grenier.
He died in 2004.
# Erne Gaels GAC

Erne Gaels, Belleek is a Gaelic Athletic Association club based in Belleek, County Fermanagh, Northern Ireland.

## History

The club was founded in 1961 and is named for the River Erne. Erne Gaels won their first Fermanagh Senior Football Championship title in 1979, and followed this up by winning it again in 1981.
The Belleek club's first appearance in a senior final since 1981 came in 2016, losing to Derrygonnelly Harps by a single point. After a relegation, their next championship success was in the Intermediate grade, beating Devenish in the 2021 final. In their first year back up at senior, Erne Gaels reached the county final, but suffered a heavy defeat to Enniskillen Gaels. They reached the final again in 2023, but lost once again to Derrygonnelly. The club finally won their third senior championship in 2024, beating Enniskillen Gaels in the final.

## Notable players

* Raymond Gallagher
* Rory Gallagher

## Honours

* Fermanagh Senior Football Championship (3): 1979, 1981, 2024
* Fermanagh Intermediate Football Championship (2): 2008, 2021
* Fermanagh Junior Football Championship (1): 1963
* Fermanagh Senior Hurling Championship (5): 1973, 1974, 1975, 1981, 1984
# Saint Vincent Tied to a Column

Saint Vincent Tied to a Column (Portuguese: São Vicente Atado à Coluna) is a painting attributed to Portuguese Renaissance artist Nuno Gonçalves, created c. 1470-1480. It is held at the National Museum of Ancient Art, in Lisbon.
# Tongue-in-cheek

Tongue-in-cheek is an idiom that describes a humorous or sarcastic statement expressed in a serious manner.

## History

The phrase originally expressed contempt, but by 1842 had acquired its modern meaning. Early users of the phrase include Sir Walter Scott in his 1828 The Fair Maid of Perth.
The physical act of putting one's tongue into one's cheek once signified contempt. For example, in Tobias Smollett's The Adventures of Roderick Random, which was published in 1748, the eponymous hero takes a coach to Bath and on the way apprehends a highwayman. This provokes an altercation with a less brave passenger:
   He looked back and pronounced with a faltering voice, 'O! 'tis very well—damn my blood! I shall find a time.' I signified my contempt of him by thrusting my tongue in my cheek, which humbled him so much, that he scarce swore another oath aloud during the whole journey.
The phrase appears in 1828 in The Fair Maid of Perth by Sir Walter Scott:
   The fellow who gave this all-hail thrust his tongue in his cheek to some scapegraces like himself.
It is not clear how Scott intended readers to understand the phrase. The more modern ironic sense appeared in a poem in The Ingoldsby Legends (1842) by the English clergyman Richard Barham, in which a Frenchman inspects a watch and cries:
   'Superbe! Magnifique!' / (with his tongue in his cheek)
The ironic usage originates with the idea of suppressed mirth—biting one's tongue to prevent an outburst of laughter.
# Viske Hundred

Viske Hundred (Swedish: Viske härad) was a hundred in Halland, Sweden.
It was composed of Stråvalla, Sällstorp, Veddige, Värö and Ås parishes, all currently in Varberg Municipality
# Bos (disambiguation)

Bos is a genus of domestic cattle.
Bos, BOS or BoS may also refer to:

## Companies and organizations

* Bilbao Orkestra Sinfonikoa, a symphony orchestra in Bilbao, Basque Country
* B.O.S. Better Online Solutions, an Israeli RFID company
* Board of Studies, NSW state education board
* Boeddhistische Omroep Stichting, a Dutch public broadcaster
* Borneo Orangutan Survival, foundation
* British Orthodontic Society

## Computing and technology

* Balance of system, components of a photovoltaic system besides panels
* Basic oxygen steelmaking
* BOS/360, operating system for System/360 computers developed by IBM
* Bonita Open Solution, open-source workflow and business management software
* Business Operating System (software), a cross-platform operating system

## Transportation

* BOS, IATA location identifier for Logan International Airport, Boston, Massachusetts
* BOS, ICAO airline designator for Level Airlines
* BOS, Amtrak station code for South Station, Boston, Massachusetts
* Batavian Eastern Railway Company (Bataviasche Oosterspoorweg Maatschapij)

## Other

* Bos (film)
* Bos (surname)
* Bos (Nahe), a river in western Germany
* Boş (Hungarian: Bós), a village in Hunedoara, Hunedoara County, Romania
* BOS, a South African brand of ice tea
* Baku Olympic Stadium, Azerbaijan
* Background Oriented Schlieren, an optical flow visualization technique
* Business operating system (management), a standard collection of business processes
* Behavioral Observation Scale, used for employee performance appraisal
* bos, the ISO 639 alpha-3 code for the Bosnian language
# Graham Cormack

Graham Cormack is a Scottish male curler.
At the national level, he is a 2002 Scottish men's champion curler.
Since 2020 he has been a Board Member of British Curling.

## Teams

| Season | Skip | Third | Second | Lead | Alternate | Coach | Events |
| 2001–02 | Peter Smith | David Hay | Graham Cormack | Steve Rankin | | | SMCC 2002 |
| 2002–03 | Peter Smith | David Hay | Graham Cormack | Steve Rankin | Warwick Smith | Derek Brown | ECC 2002 (6th) |
| 2002–03 | Warwick Smith | Peter Smith | Ewan MacDonald | David Hay | Graham Cormack | Derek Brown | WCC 2003 (7th) |
| 2013–14 | Graham Shaw | Brian Binnie | Graham Cormack | Robin Niven | | | |
| 2014–15 | Graham Shaw | Brian Binnie | Graham Cormack | Robin Niven | | | |
| 2015–16 | Graham Shaw | Brian Binnie | Graham Cormack | Robin Niven | | | |
| 2017–18 | Graham Shaw | Brian Binnie | Graham Cormack | Robin Niven | | | SMCC 2018 (10th) |
# Bob Cowan (curler)

Robert A. Cowan (born c. 1947) is a Scottish curler, journalist, curling historian, blogger.
At the national level, he is a 1983 Scottish men's champion curler.
He is the co-founder of The Curling History Blog (co-founded in 2008 with David B. Smith), one of the main sources about curling history (mainly in Scotland, the United Kingdom, and Europe). He is the author of several books about curling history.
At the time of the 1983 World Championships he was a part-time sports writer for the Glasgow Herald and a lecturer in clinical biochemistry at the University of Glasgow.

## Teams
### Men's

| Season | Skip | Third | Second | Lead | Events |
| 1980–81 | Graeme P. Adam | Ken J. Horton | Robert A. Cowan | Robin J. Copland | EdInt 1981 |
| 1981–82 | Graeme P. Adam | Ken J. Horton | Andrew McQuistin | Robert A. Cowan | EdInt 1982 |
| 1982–83 | Graeme Adam | Ken Horton | Andrew McQuistin | Bob Cowan | SMCC 1983 WCC 1983 (5th) |

### Mixed

| Season | Skip | Third | Second | Lead | Events |
| 1979–80 | Graeme Adam | Kerr Graham | Carolyn Hibberd | Bob Cowan | Alison Brown | SMxCC 1980 |
# Michael Dick

W. Michael "Mike" Dick is a Scottish curler.
At the national level, he is a two-time Scottish men's champion curler (1981, 1982).

## Teams
### Men's

| Season | Skip | Third | Second | Lead | Coach | Events |
| 1980–81 | Colin Hamilton | W. Michael Dick | David Ramsay | Richard Pretsel | | SMCC 1981 WCC 1981 (6th) |
| 1981–82 | Colin Hamilton | David Ramsay | W. Michael Dick | Richard Pretsel | Chuck Hay (WCC) | ECC 1981 (7th) SMCC 1982 WCC 1982 (7th) |
| 2006–07 | Colin Hamilton | W. Michael Dick | David Ramsay | Trevor Dodds | | SMCC 2007 (8th) |
| 2008–09 | Colin Hamilton | W. Michael Dick | Sean Murphy | David Ramsay | | |
| 2015–16 | Mike Dick | Lindsay Scotland | Trevor Dodds | Michael Parker | | SSCC 2016 |

### Mixed

| Season | Skip | Third | Second | Lead | Events |
| 1979 | Michael Dick | Alison Aitken | Trevor Dodds | Barbara Leonard | SMxCC 1979 |
# Bias Boshell

Tobias Boshell (born 20 July 1950) is an English songwriter and musician, best known as the founder of the folk rock band Trees.
He was born in Wye, Kent, was educated at Bedales and the Royal College of Music. Boshell formed Trees in 1969 with Celia Humphris on vocals, Barry Clarke on lead guitar, Unwin Brown on drums/vocals, and David Costa on acoustic guitar & dulcimer. Bias sang and played bass, guitar and piano on their two CBS albums, The Garden of Jane Delawney (1970) and On the Shore (1971), and wrote much of their material. On the Shore was remastered in January 2007 and re released on CD.
After the original group broke up in the early 1970s, Boshell worked with Kiki Dee, writing her hit songs "I've Got the Music in Me" and "First Thing in the Morning," among others.
In the 1980s, Boshell became a guest musician for Barclay James Harvest, touring and recording with them. In 1987 he moved on to The Moody Blues, becoming their lead keyboard player after the departure of Patrick Moraz in 1991. He stayed with the Moody Blues until their 2001 tour. He has also recorded with Sheena Easton, Kevin Ayers, Beverley Craven, Chris Farlowe, and Duane Eddy.