OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Mande Bori

Mande Bori, also known as Mande Bakari and known in Arabic as Abu Bakr, is a heroic figure in Mande oral tradition who was involved in the founding of the Mali Empire. He was the brother and right-hand man of Sunjata, the founder of the empire, and served as the empire's kankoro-sigui, an office that has been translated as "viceroy" or "lieutenant-general". Though Mande Bori never himself reigned as mansa, his grandsons Musa and Suleyman ruled the Mali Empire at the apex of its power and prestige, and he is often erroneously cited as Mansa Abu Bakr II.
Mande Bori is regarded as the progenitor of the branches of the Keita clan who live in the vicinity of Kouroussa, in Hamana and Kolonkana. His is regarded as having been hot-headed, and oral tradition claims he was cursed by his sister Sogolon Kolonkan for insulting her. The story of this curse, said to prevent his descendants from ever leading an army, is used as an explanation for the relationship between and relative status of Hamana, whose residents trace their lineage to Mande Bori, and Kangaba, whose residents trace their lineage to Sunjata.
In addition to his role in the Sunjata epic, Mande Bori is also a hero of hunters, and a legend claims he was born after his mother made a pact with a hunter spirit.

## Lineage

Mande Bori was the brother of Sunjata, the founder of the Mali Empire. Mande Bori and Sunjata shared a father, Maghan Kon Fatta, but whether they were full brothers or half brothers is unclear: some traditions regard Mande Bori as a son of Sunjata's mother Sogolon, whereas others regard him as the son of another of Maghan Kon Fatta's wives, Namandjé. It is also unclear whether he was the older or younger brother.
According to oral tradition, Mande Bori had at least one son, Faga Leye, who was the father of Mansa Musa. Under the Arabic form of his name Abu Bakr, Mande Bori is briefly mentioned by the 14th-century Arab historian Ibn Khaldun as Musa's ancestor.
Historian Francois-Xavier Fauvelle has proposed that Mansa Musa was in fact descended from Abu Bakr I, the son of a daughter of Sundiata. Under this interpretation, Abu Bakr's reign reign created a dynastic split, with Musa's successors eventually claiming descent from Mande Bori rather than a grandson by the female line.

## Footnotes

* ↑ Variously spelled: Manding/Manden/Mande, Bory/Bori, Bakari/Bakary/Boukary/Bugari/Bakari.
# Marshaar

Marshaar (Persian: مرشاعر, also Romanized as Marshāʿar) is a village in Posht Tang Rural District, in the Central District of Sarpol-e Zahab County, Kermanshah Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 30, in 5 families.
# Animals (2017 film)

Animals (German: Tiere) is a 2017 Austrian / Swiss / Polish mystery film directed by Greg Zglinski.

## Cast

* Birgit Minichmayr - Anna
* Philipp Hochmair - Nick
* Mona Petri [de] - Mischa
* Mehdi Nebbou - Tarek
* Michael Ostrowski - Harald
# 686 (disambiguation)

686 may refer to:
* 686, year 686 AD
* 686 BC
* 686 (number)
* 686 Gersuind, a minor planet orbiting the Sun
* 6-8-6, a wheel arrangement of steam locomotives
* +686, the country calling code for telephone numbers in Kiribati
* Gliese 686, a star in the constellation of Hercules
* Hawaii SB 686, a bill pertaining to cannabis legalization (2019)
* i686, the P6 (sixth-generation) Intel x86 microarchitecture, implemented in the Pentium Pro microprocessor (1995)
* K686, pennant number of Royal Canadian Navy ship HMCS Fergus (1944–1945)
* Kosmos 686, a Soviet satellite launched in 1974
* Minuscule 686, a Greek minuscule manuscript of the New Testament
* Scandinavian Airlines Flight 686, an airplane involved in the 2001 Linate Airport runway collision
* Smith & Wesson Model 686, a revolver
* United Nations Security Council Resolution 686, adopted in March 1991 pertaining to Iraq
* USS Eugene E. Elmore (DE-686), a destroyer escort of the United States Navy (1944–1946)
* USS Halsey Powell (DD-686), a destroyer of the United States Navy (1943–1968)
* USS L. Mendel Rivers (SSN-686), an attack submarine of the United States Navy (1975–2001)
* USS Vester (SP-686), a patrol vessel and minesweeper of the United States Navy (1917–1919)
* VLY-686, an experimental drug known as tradipitant

## See also

* List of highways numbered 686
* All pages with titles containing 686
# Kuchkun

Kuchkun (Persian: کوچکون, also Romanized as Kūchkūn; also known as Nes̄ār-e Anārakī) is a village in Qilab Rural District, Alvar-e Garmsiri District, Andimeshk County, Khuzestan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 41, in 7 families.
# Bandar-e Micha-il

Bandar-e Micha-il (Persian: بندرميچائيل, also Romanized as Bandar-e Mīchā-īl; also known as Bandar-e Machāhīr, Macha Hīl, Machāhīr, Majāhīl, Makahil, Mīchāhīl, Micha-il, Mūchāhīl, and Nachāḩīl) is a village in Moqam Rural District, Shibkaveh District, Bandar Lengeh County, Hormozgan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 95, in 16 families.
# Corporate forest

A corporate forest is a forest or woodland area owned by a corporate body rather than a state or individual.
For example, in Germany, a corporate forest (German: Körperschaftswald) is, in accordance with Section 3, Paragraph 2, of the Federal Forest Act (Bundeswaldgesetz), a wood owned by a public body such as a municipality or town (also called a communal, town or municipal forest or even an "interested parties forest"), a university (then called a university forest) or other specified body.
Forests owned by the Church are not automatically classified by the German federal government as corporate forests, but may be so classified by state law. The special features of corporate forests are regulated in the state forest laws. In Saxony-Anhalt, for example, it is stipulated that corporate forests serve the common good to a special degree, that the economic objectives must ensure the conservation and sustainable management of the forest as an overall resource, that the utility, protective and recreational functions form a unit and that corporate forests must be managed in accordance with ecological and economic requirements In Saxony, the regulations for corporate forests also apply to church forests.
Other types of forest may include state forests and private forests.
# Nukabad, Iranshahr

Nukabad (Persian: نوك اباد, also Romanized as Nūkābād; also known as Shamsābād-e Sarhang) is a village in Howmeh Rural District, in the Central District of Iranshahr County, Sistan and Baluchestan Province, Iran. At the 2016 census, its population was 4983, in 1085 families.
# Margarete Müller

Margarete Müller (18 February 1931 – 12 October 2024) was a German politician who was a member of the State Council of East Germany and, between 1963 and 1989, of the Central Committee of the Socialist Unity Party of Germany (SED). She was a candidate member of the SED politburo until the end of the one-party system.

## Life and career

Müller was born in Neustadt, Upper Silesia, into a working-class family. She was forced to move to Mecklenburg after the Second World War, and became a tractor driver. In 1951, Müller joined the SED. She studied agricultural science in Demmin and at the University of Leningrad until 1958. She then worked at an LPG collective farm near Galenbeck.
In January 1963, Müller joined the Central Committee (ZK) of the SED and a candidate (non-voting member) of the politburo. She was also elected to the Volkskammer. Then, in 1971, she was appointed to the State Council, East Germany's collective head of state. She held responsibility for agriculture, forestry and food production. She led a Kooperative Abteilung Pflanzenproduktion [de] (1972–1976) and an Agrar-Industrie-Vereinigung [de] (1976).
Müller resigned along with the entire politburo in 1989 during the Peaceful Revolution, and resigned from the State Council and Volkskammer in January 1990. She was expelled from the SED-PDS.
Müller died on 12 October 2024, at the age of 93.

## Awards

Müller received several significant awards and honours:
* Patriotic Order of Merit in Silver (1964)
* Banner of Labor (1969)
* Order of Karl Marx (1974)
* Patriotic Order of Merit in Gold (1981)
* Clara Zetkin Medal
* Medal of Merit of the GDR [de]
* Artur Becker Medal [de] in Gold
# Alison de Vere

Alison de Vere (16 September 1927 – 2 January 2001), while married also known as Alison Weschke, was a British animator, known for her animated short films The Black Dog and Psyche and Eros.

## Career

Born in Peshawar into a British military family, de Vere studied art in Brighton and at the Royal Academy.
She worked as a background designer at Halas and Batchelor studio beginning in 1951, at a time when women were unheard of in creative leadership roles in British animation. Nonetheless, she took the leadership of the animation unit of Guild Television Services in 1957. During the 1960s, she worked as a freelancer, but joined TVC in 1967 to work as design director on the Beatles film Yellow Submarine, in which she had a cameo.
The 1970s, when de Vere was an associate of the Wyatt Cattaneo commercials studio, were the beginning of her most productive period; the short films she made then "began her career of collecting prizes at every international festival at which her work was seen". In the 1980s and 90s, assisted by her son Ben, she created works for Channel 4, including her best-regarded works The Black Dog (1987, 19 min.) and Psyche and Eros (1994, 26 min.). She continued working on children's television series until the end of her life.
Other animated works include Cafe Bar and Mr. Pascal.

## Acclaim

The Guardian characterized de Vere as "not only the first woman auteur cartoon film-maker in Britain but also the best", thanks to her proficiency in animation technique and her design sense; and her film The Black Dog as representing "the same sort of advance in animation that The Marriage of Figaro was in opera".
De Vere's awards include the Grand Prix at the Annecy International Animated Film Festival (1979 for Mr. Pascal, ex æquo), and the first prize at the Odense International Film Festival (1989, for The Black Dog).
In 2015, de Vere was among leading women animators honored by a short film opening the Annecy festival.

## Works

In addition to her previously mentioned works, de Vere worked as an animator for the TV series The Animals of Farthing Wood, East of the Moon and The Beatles, among others.

## Personal life

In 1948 de Vere married the painter Karl Weschke (1925–2005), whom she later divorced. The couple had a son, Ben de Vere Weschke.
# Cologne freight bypass railway

The Cologne freight bypass railway (German: Güterumgehungsbahn Köln) is a main line railway in southern Cologne in the German state of North Rhine-Westphalia. It is fully duplicated and electrified.
The railway crosses the Cologne South Bridge, connecting the West Rhine Railway (Linke Rheinstrecke), Cologne South station and the Cologne Eifeltor freight yard on the left (western) side of the Rhine with the Sieg Railway, the Cologne-Frankfurt high-speed railway, the East Rhine Railway (Rechte Rheinstrecke), and the marshalling yards of Cologne-Kalk Nord and Gremberg on the right (eastern) side of the Rhine. It was opened on 5 April 1910, disrupted by the bombing of the South Bridge on 6 January 1945, reopened with one track on 3 May 1946 and two tracks in 1950 and electrified on 27 May 1962.

## Operations

The line is mainly used by freight trains in order not to have to run through Cologne Hauptbahnhof (main or central station).
Along the line, there are no passenger stations. During the development of the Western Ring (Westring) project as part of the Rhine-Sieg S-Bahn (operated as part of the Rhine-Ruhr S-Bahn), consideration is being given to running over the South Bridge.
Until the upgrade of the Köln Messe/Deutz station, the bypass line was used by Intercity-Express (ICE) trains from Düsseldorf and Wuppertal running towards the Cologne-Frankfurt high-speed railway avoiding, on the one hand, a change of direction in Cologne station and, on the other hand, twice using the chronically overloaded Hohenzollern Bridge, which can only be run over at 30 km/h.
Currently, except for occasional ICE and EuroNight services, the rail bypass is only used by passenger trains on an unscheduled basis, for example during disruption or construction on the direct line.
# FC Duruji Kvareli

FC Duruji was a Georgian football club based in the Kakhetian town of Kvareli.
The club took part in the top tier of Georgian football system in 1994/95 and 1995/96 seasons. Later Duruji competed in low leagues, including Meore Liga until 2017.
Shortly after the relegation to Regionuli Liga the team ceased to exist.

## Stadium

Duruji's home ground is considered unique given its location inside the medieval Kvareli Fortress.

## Name

Duruji is a left tributary of Alazani river. It flows through Kvareli.
# Waiting for Spring (2013 film)

Waiting for Spring (French: En attendant le printemps) is a Canadian documentary film, directed by Marie-Geneviève Chabot and released in 2013. The film centres on the town of Chapais in northern Quebec, a struggling former mining community whose residents are quietly resisting the economic pressures to abandon their hometown. It focuses principally on the story of Berny, a retired former miner, and his small group of friends with whom he regularly goes ice fishing in the winter.
The film won the Prix Jutra for Best Documentary Film at the 16th Jutra Awards in 2014.
# Pine liqueur

Pine liqueur, pine brandy, and pine schnapps are spirits distilled from stone pine trees (in German: Zirbelkiefern). They are manufactured in the Alps, primarily in Austria, where the stone pines grow especially well at altitudes of 1500+ meters.

## Production

To produce pine liqueur, the red pine cones are collected at the end of June, mid-July, while they are still in full sap, before they're woody. The harvest is often labor-intensive, as the pine cones can only be hand-picked when allowed (the trees are often located in natural protection areas, where cone-harvesting is not allowed). After the cones are harvested, they are cut into 3–5 mm slices and soaked in grain brandy. In contrast to fruit brandy, grain brandy has a weaker taste, allowing for a more pure pine flavor. During this time, the bottles are shaken periodically, allowing the pine substance to be absorbed into the brandy. At this point, the liquid is now brown, and it is run through a filter to remove any debris. Then sugar, rock sugar, or honey is added to soften the tart taste.
Pine brandy, or pine geist, (German: Zirbengeist) can also be made by further distilling the liquid instead of filtering and adding sugars. A variant of pine brandy utilizes lignified pine cones, collected in October. The seeds are extracted, crushed, mixed with grain schnapps, and distilled directly. Through the distilling process, the debris of the pine seeds are left behind, and the essential oils and their natural aromas are carried through, creating a crystal-clear stone pine spirit with a strong pine aroma.

## Uses

Pine liqueur is often used to remedy colds, because of the essential oils it contains. Pine brandy is also used as a remedy for aching limbs and muscle generation.
The liqueur is often consumed during après-ski gatherings, after hiking or mountaineering at Alpine huts, or near the Christmas holidays.
# Surdoux

Surdoux (French pronunciation:; Occitan: Surdòu) is a commune in the Haute-Vienne department in the Nouvelle-Aquitaine region in west-central France.
# Hemmatabad, Khusf

Hemmatabad (Persian: همت اباد, also Romanized as Hemmatābād) is a village in Qaleh Zari Rural District, Jolgeh-e Mazhan District, Khusf County, South Khorasan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 18, in 5 families.
# Stephen Bustin

Stephen Andrew Bustin (born 1954) is a British scientist, former professor of molecular sciences at Queen Mary University of London from 2004 to 2012, as well as visiting professor at Middlesex University, beginning in 2006. In 2012 he was appointed Professor of Allied Health and Medicine at Anglia Ruskin University. He is known for his research into polymerase chain reaction, and has written a book on the topic, entitled A-Z of Quantitative PCR. This book has been called "the bible of qPCR."

## Education

Bustin obtained his B.A. and PhD from Trinity College, Dublin in molecular genetics.

## Career

In 2023, he was elected a member of the Academia Europaea.

## Research

His research group’s general areas of interest are the small and large bowel, as well as colorectal cancer with particular emphasis on investigating the process of invasion and metastasis. An important aim is to translate molecular techniques into clinical practice by including molecular parameters into clinical tumor staging. To this end, Bustin has published many papers on PCR techniques, in particular reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, the subject of his most cited paper, published in 2000.
He also developed the MIQE guidelines in a 2009 paper published in Clinical Chemistry, the goal of which is to create guidelines for how PCR should be performed to ensure that PCR results are being reliably conducted and interpreted, as well as to make replication of experiments easier. This paper is the fifth most cited one ever to be published in Clinical Chemistry, with over 1700 citations on Google Scholar as of September 2013.

## Testimony
### Autism omnibus trial

Bustin testified on behalf of the Department of Justice in the autism omnibus trial about what he stated was the unreliability of the O'Leary lab's results with regard to testing for contamination. The lab had claimed to find measles virus in the intestines of children with developmental disorders. Bustin describes his conclusions with regard to the lab's alleged detection of measles virus RNA as follows: "My clear conclusion then was that O'Leary's results were caused by defective experimental technique and inappropriate interpretation of results, since he was detecting DNA, and measles virus does not exist as DNA." Bustin was described as "one of the most highly qualified and credible expert witnesses I [the Special Master] have ever encountered." In addition to his testimony, Bustin published an analysis of Andrew Wakefield's 2002 study, which had been published in the journal Molecular Pathology. This analysis, like Bustin's testimony, concluded that "The only conclusion possible is that the assays were detecting contaminating DNA. Since MeV is an RNA-only virus and never exists in DNA form, these data must be ignored and it is my opinion that the authors should withdraw this publication from the peer-reviewed literature."

### Lundy murders

Bustin testified in the trials pertaining to the Lundy murders in 2015, criticizing tests that had claimed to detect human brain cells on Mark Lundy's shirt.
# Clair

Clair or Claire may refer to:
* Claire (given name), a list of people with the name Claire
* Clair (surname)

## Places
### Canada

* Clair, New Brunswick, a former village, now part of Haut-Madawaska
* Clair Parish, New Brunswick
* Pointe-Claire, Quebec, Canada, municipality located on the Island of Montreal
* Clair, Saskatchewan

### United States

* Lake Claire (Atlanta), Georgia, neighborhood
* Le Claire, Iowa, city in Scott County
* Eau Claire, Michigan, village in Berrien County
* Eau Claire, Pennsylvania, borough in Butler County
* Claire City, South Dakota, town in Roberts County
* Eau Claire, Wisconsin, city
* Eau Claire County, Wisconsin
* Saint Clair, Missouri, city
* St. Clair County, Michigan
* St. Clair, Michigan, city
* St. Clair, Minnesota, city
* St. Clair, Pennsylvania, city
* St. Clair Shores, Michigan, city

### Scotland

* Clair oilfield in the Atlantic Ocean, 75 km west of Shetland

## Other uses

* Clair (Hampshire cricketer), English professional cricketer
* "Clair" (song), a 1972 hit for Gilbert O'Sullivan
* Clair Global, an international sound reinforcement and event technology company
* CLAIRE, the Confederation of Laboratories for Artificial Intelligence Research in Europe, a European organization on artificial intelligence
* "Claire", an episode of American radio and television anthology series Screen Directors Playhouse
* “Claire”, an episode of The Good Doctor
* Claire (band), electronic-pop band using English lyrics from Munich, Germany
* Claire Redfield, a player character appearing in the Resident Evil series of survival horror video games
* Claire Bennet, a fictional character in the NBC science fiction drama series Heroes
* Clair Huxtable, a fictional character in the NBC sitcom The Cosby Show, portrayed by Phylicia Rashad
* Claire (2001 film), a fantasy film
* Claire (1924 film), a German silent film
* Claire (album), a 2002 album by Claire Sweeney
* Claire (programming language), an object-oriented programming language
* Claire's, a female accessory store
* Council of Local Authorities for International Relations (CLAIR), a Japanese government-affiliated foundation
* Claire (2007 film), a film written by Drew Seeley
* Clair, the cousin of Lance and eighth gym leader of Johto from Pokémon
* Clair, the younger sister of the Leader of the Zofian Liberation and the playable character in Alm's route from Fire Emblem Gaiden
* Claire Wyden, a character in the 2018 film Rampage
# FC Meshakre Agara

FC Meshakre Agara is a Georgian association football club.
Racha was promoted from Regionuli Liga in 2005. The club left Pirveli Liga in the end of 2007–08 season.
The club was merged with Akhalgazrda Sportsmenta Akademia Tbilisi in January 2005 as ASA-Meshakre Agara.
In Soviet times the club named as Mekanikosi Agara.

## Seasons

    Season League Pos. Pl. W D L GF GA P Cup Notes Manager 2005–06 2 5 34 18 5 11 46 32 59 1st round 2006–07 2 7 34 15 10 9 45 36 55 2nd round 2007–08 2 – West 4 27 13 9 5 34 22 48 1st round
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# Textile and Clothing Union

The Textile and Clothing Union (German: Gewerkschaft Textil-Bekleidung, GTB) was a West German trade union representing textile and clothing workers.
The union was founded in 1949, and affiliated to the German Trade Union Confederation. Its membership steadily declined, and by 1997, it had 183,349 members. The following year, it merged into IG Metall.

## Presidents

    1949: Werner Bock
    1963: Karl Buschmann
    1978: Berthold Keller
    1990: Willi Arens
# Maharam

Maharam (Hebrew: מהר"ם) is an acronym of the words ...מורנו הרב רבי מ‎ (Morenu Ha-Rav rabi M..., Our teacher the Rabbi M...), a pattern also used for other names. Since many Rabbis were referred to as Maharam, an addition, usually a name of a place or a surname is generally used to differentiate between them.
Maharam may refer to

## People

* Dorothy Maharam (1917–2014), American mathematician behind Maharam's theorem
* Meir Eisenstadt (Maharam Ash), Rabbi Meir EisenstadtPoland, Germany, c. 1670–1744
* Meir Eisenstaedter (Maharam Ash, 1780–1852), Rabbi Meir Eisenstaedter (Hungary, 1780–1861)
* Meir Lublin (Maharam Lublin, 1558–1616), Rabbi Meir Lublin
* Meir of Rothenburg (Maharam of Rothenburg), Rabbi Meir of Rothenburg ob der Tauber
* Meir Shapiro (Maharam Shapiro, 1887–1933), Rabbi Meir Yehuda Shapiro of Lublin, creator of the Daf Yomi
* Meïr b. Jacob Schiff (Maharam Schiff), Rabbi Meïr b. Jacob Schiff
* Mordecai Benet (Maharam Benet, 1753–1829), Rabbi Mordecai Benet (Moravia
* Moses Alashkar (Maharam Alashkar, 1466–1542) -posek quoted extensively by R. Chaim Benbenishti
* Moses Halevi Mintz (Maharam Mintz), Rabbi Moses Halevi Mintz (Germany, 1415–Poland, 1480)
* Moshe Schick (Maharam Schick, 1807–1879), Hungarian rabbi

## Other

* Maharam's theorem, a mathematical theorem regarding decomposability of measure spaces
* Maharam algebra
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