OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# 4-Nonanoylmorpholine

4-Nonanoylmorpholine [pelargonic acid morpholide, N-nonanoylmorpholine, MPK or МПК (for Russian: морфолид пеларгоновой кислоты), or MPA] is an amide of pelargonic acid and morpholine.

## Properties

4-Nonanoylmorpholine was first synthesized in 1954 by L. M. Rice, from morpholine and acyl chloride of pelargonic acid.
It is a liquid insoluble in water and soluble in polar organic solvents (e.g. acetone, propanol, and dimethyl formamide) and fats. Its volatility is 27 mg/m$^3$ at 20 °C and 43 mg/m$^3$ at 35 °C.

## Uses

It is a used as a solvent in lachrymatory formulations containing CR gas or CS gas. It is reported to be effective against dogs and starts being effective in concentrations of over 20–40 mg•min/m$^3$. It is considered very safe, with high differences between effective and toxic concentrations. At one time it was reportedly used as food seasoning with no reported adverse effects. However, its effectiveness when used alone is rather low even in the highest permitted concentration, so it is almost always used in combination with CR gas or CS gas, commonly referred to as tear gas. In that combination, this blend is effective even against dogs and people under influence of alcohol or other drugs. Its effect usually lasts for 15–30 minutes.
MPK blends with CR gas or CS gas are common personal self-defense chemical agents in Russia and Ukraine, but is virtually unknown elsewhere.
4-Nonanoylmorpholine has been reported to have insect repellent properties in Aedes aegypti mosquitoes.
# Khvoindizaj

Khvoindizaj (Persian: خوين ديزج, also Romanized as Khvoīndīzaj; also known as Khoi Dīzeh, Khovidizaj, Khow’īn Dīzaj, Khowyendīzaj, Khoy-diz, and Khvoy Dīzéh) is a village in Ozomdel-e Shomali Rural District, in the Central District of Varzaqan County, East Azerbaijan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 275, in 65 families.
# Retaria

Retaria is a clade within the supergroup Rhizaria containing the Foraminifera and the Radiolaria. In 2019, the Retaria were recognized as a basal Rhizaria group, as sister of the Cercozoa.
# Khaneh Kenar

Khaneh Kenar (Persian: خانه كنار, also Romanized as Khāneh Kenār; also known as Khānī Kenār) is a village in Taher Gurab Rural District, in the Central District of Sowme'eh Sara County, Gilan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 341, in 105 families.
# Mansuran

Mansuran (Persian: منصوران, also Romanized as Manşūrān; also known as Manşūr) is a village in the Ziarat Rural District, Central District of Shirvan County, North Khorasan Province, Iran. In the 2006 census, its population was 119, in 30 families.
# Banker Kirchenkogel

The Banker Kirchenkogel is a mountain in the Gurgler Kamm group of the Ötztal Alps.
# INS Sufa (2003)

The INS Sufa (Hebrew: סופה, Storm) is a Sa'ar 4.5-class missile boat of the Israeli Navy's Shayetet 3 Flotilla, built by Israel Shipyards Ltd. and commissioned in May 2003.
The ship is not the first to use this name, which was also used by a previous Sa'ar 3-class missile boat which was the command ship at "Operation Noa" in which the remaining 5 boats (including itself) escaped from Cherbourg (France) during the French embargo in 1969.
# Aspres-sur-Buëch

Aspres-sur-Buëch (French pronunciation:, literally Aspres on Buëch; Occitan: Aspres de Buech) is a commune in the Hautes-Alpes department in southeastern France.
# Council of Trust

Councils of Trust (German: Vertrauensräte) were established in businesses and companies with more than 20 employees in Nazi Germany following the introduction of the Labour organization law of 20 January 1934. They served as the only representation of employees to the “factory leader” (i.e. entrepreneur) (Betriebsführer) in order to increase mutual trust within the factory community. Councillors were elected by secret ballots, but the list of candidates was prepared by the factory leader and the German Labour Front overseer (Betriebsobmann). The councils did not play an active role in industrial relations, except to serve as a platform for discussing working conditions regulated in the “factory code of rules” (Betriebsordnung).
While in 1934 only 2 per cent of businesses and companies were required to establish a council of trust, this affected 46.2 per cent of employees.
# The Hilltop (novel)

The Hilltop (Hebrew: הגבעה, Ha-Giv'ah) is a 2013 Israeli novel by Assaf Gavron. The novel was "an Israeli best-seller and prize-winner."
The Hilltop is set in an Israeli Jewish settlement in the West Bank. It was published in Israel in 2013 and in late 2014 in an English translation by Steven Cohen.
Adam Kirsch calls it "a great Israeli novel", praising Gavron for his contemporary voice. In The Wall Street Journal, Sam Sacks described The Hilltop as, describing "superbly orchestrated chaos" making it, "an indispensable novel of... the 'Wild West Bank.'"

## Awards and accolades

* The Hilltop won the Israeli Bernstein Prize (2013) and was long listed for the Sapir Prize (2014).
# Central Volcanic Mountain Range Forest Reserve

Central Volcanic Mountain Range Forest Reserve (Spanish: Reserva Forestal Cordillera Volcánica Central), is a protected area in Costa Rica, managed under the Central Conservation Area, it was created in 1975 by decree 4961-A.
# Jess Brammar

Jessica Mary M. Brammar (born 1982) is a British journalist who has been the editor of the BBC's television news channels BBC News and BBC World News since 2021.

## Career

Brammar attended St Katherine's School in Abbots Leigh near Bristol. She originally wanted to become a nurse but did not have the required exam grades and spent two years working in data entry at Norwich Union. She later studied History and Russian at the London School of Economics where she worked on the student newspaper.
Brammar spent five years as a researcher on Question Time before joining ITN. She later became deputy editor of Newsnight, where she won Royal Television Society awards for her journalism.
In 2018, Brammar was appointed Head of News at HuffPost UK. She was made executive editor in March 2019, and in February 2020 was appointed editor-in-chief. She stepped down from the post in April 2021, after BuzzFeed made editorial cutbacks to HuffPost UK.
In July 2021, it was reported that Brammar was front-runner to be BBC executive news editor, but that the non-executive BBC director Robbie Gibb had attempted to block her appointment. Gibb, a former communications director to Theresa May's Conservative government, texted the BBC director for news and current affairs, Fran Unsworth, to say that the BBC "cannot make this appointment", threatening that if it went ahead the government's "fragile trust in the BBC will be shattered".
After Brammar deleted hundreds of her tweets, The Telegraph recovered tweets in which she was reported to have been "poking fun at Mr Johnson".
On 15 September 2021, she was appointed Executive Editor of the BBC News Channel.

## Personal life

Brammar has been in a relationship with journalist Jim Waterson since 2017. Waterson has been the media editor of The Guardian since 2018. They have one child.
# Pico Codazzi Natural Monument

The Pico Codazzi Natural Monument (Spanish: Monumento Natural Pico Codazzi) Also Codazzi Peak Natural Monument Is a protected area with the status of a natural monument located in the Aragua State in the center of northern Venezuela. It was created in 1991 to connect the Henri Pittier National Park with the Macarao National Park and constitutes one of the highest peaks of the Cordillera de la Costa. It covers an area of 11,850 ha.
Its highest peak, the Codazzi peak, also called the picacho, has height references that vary between 1818 msnm2 and 2429 msnm, making it one of the highest mountains of the Aragua State and the Cordillera de la Costa.
The Pico Codazzi Natural Monument is located in the Ribas municipality. The eastern boundary of Pico Codazzi is determined by the road that connects La Victoria with Colonia Tovar.
# Haggahot Maimuniyyot

Haggahot Maimuniyyot (Hebrew: הגהות מיימוניות) is a 13th-century halakhic work authored by Meir HaKohen. It is one of the most important sources for the halakhic rulings of the scholars of Germany and France, and it is one of the defining halakhic works of the Ashkenazi tosafists. The work consists of supplemental notes (haggahot) to the Mishneh Torah of Maimonides, with the objective of imparting contemporary Sephardic thought to Jews in Germany and France, while juxtaposing it to contemporary Ashkenazi halakhic customs.

## Publication

The work may originally have been written on the margins of the Mishneh Torah, as it appears in early manuscripts. The first publication was in the 1509 Constantinople edition of the Mishneh Torah. The work was later published again in 1524 in Venice. There are differences between the editions of 1509 and 1524, some of which are material. The wording of the glosses in the Venice edition (from which the later editions were printed) is more original and the author generally speaks in the first person, while the wording of the 1509 edition shows signs of being a later version. Additionally certain passages appear in the Constantinople version which are absent from the Venice version, and vice versa. The Constantinople edition contains additions that may have been added by the editor.

## Contents

The work is divided into two sections, the first consisting of notes attached to the Mishneh Torah itself. The second, called "Teshovot Maimuniyyot", is appended at the end of each book and contains responsa by German and French scholars relevant to the topics in the body of the work. Eight out of the fourteen books of the Mishneh Torah contain supplemental notes. The books which are not included in the work are: "Hafla'ah", "Zemanim", "Avodah", "Korbanot", and "Taharah". The work as a whole constitutes an important source for Medieval Ashkenazi rabbinic literature, containing a number of attributed formulations that appear nowhere else.
# Solmaz

Solmaz (Turkish: colorfast) can refer to:
* Solmaz (name), list of people with the name
* Solmaz, Çınar, district in Diyarbakır, Turkey
* Solmaz, Tavas, village in Denizli, Turkey
# Fürth–Cadolzburg railway

The Rangau Railway (German: Rangaubahn) is the railway line from Fürth via Zirndorf to Cadolzburg. In the local dialect it used to be known as the Cadolzburger Moggerla ("Moggerla" is East Franconian for "calf").
# Verus of Lyon

Verus of Lyon (French: Vère de Lyon) is the sixth bishop of Lyon. He succeeds Saint Faustin in the second half of the 3rd century.
His name is known to us from the various lists of the first archbishops of Lyon and chronicles the history of the Church of Lyon. After the first six remarkable and canonized Bishops, Verus was the first bishop of a dark period for the Lyon religious history that extends to the episcopate of St. Just a century later.
His name means Glass.
# Lu Wucheng

Lu Wucheng (simplified Chinese: 陆武成; traditional Chinese: 陸武成; pinyin: Lù Wǔchéng; born May 1953) is a former Chinese official who spent most of his career in Gansu province. He was the vice Chairman of the Standing Committee of the Gansu Provincial People's Congress and Communist Party Secretary of Lanzhou. Lu also was the member of 12th National People's Congress. On January 23, 2015, Lu Wucheng was placed under investigation by the Communist Party's anti-corruption agency. He was the first high-ranking politician being examined from Gansu province after the 18th Party Congress in 2012.

## Career

Lu Wucheng was born and raised in Qingcheng County, Gansu. He joined Chinese Communist Party in 1974. He was the student of Lanzhou Public Security School (兰州市公安学校) and the policeman of Lanzhou Public Security Bureau. In 1996, Lu went to Jinchang, became the vice Communist Party Secretary and mayor. In July 2008, Lu Wucheng become Communist Party Secretary of Lanzhou. On January 29, 2013, he became the Vice Chairman of the Standing Committee of the Gansu Provincial People's Congress.
On January 23, 2015, Lu Wencheng was placed under investigation by the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection for "serious violations of laws and regulations". Lu was expelled from the Communist Party on May 15.
On November 17, 2016, Lu was sentenced to 12 years and 6 months in prison for bribery.
# Dagan, Iran

Dagan (Persian: دگن, also Romanized as Dagen; also known as Daggin) is a village in Amirabad Rural District, Muchesh District, Kamyaran County, Kurdistan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 207, in 47 families. The village is populated by Kurds.
# NSBT

NSBT may refer to:
* New Studies in Biblical Theology, book series
* Clem Jones Tunnel, previously known as the North–South Bypass Tunnel
# Castellane Prealps

The Castellane Prealps (French: Préalpes de Castellane) are a massif of the southern French Prealps located in the departments of Alpes-Maritimes, Alpes-de-Haute-Provence and Var. The easternmost part is often called the Préalpes de Grasse.

## Geography
### Location

The massif extends from west to east, south and east of Castellane to the north of Grasse and Vence, as well as south of the Verdon river and south and west of the Var river. It is located to the south of the Digne Prealps, the Trois-Évêchés massif, the Pelat massif and the Mercantour-Argentera massif, as well as to the west of the Nice Prealps.

### Main summits

* Puy de Rent, 1,996 m
* Pic de Rent, 1,974 m
* Summit of La Bernarde, 1,941 m
* Teillon mountain, 1,893 m
* Pic de Chamatte, 1,878 m
* Cheiron Mountain, 1,778 m
* Crête des Serres, 1,777 m
* Summit of Cremon, 1,760 m
* Lachens mountain, 1,712 m
* Arpille, 1,686 m
* Thorenc mountain (Pic de l'Aigle), 1,644 m
* Bauroux, 1,644 m
* Audibergue mountain (Signal d’Andon), 1,642 m
* Haut Montet, 1,335 m
* Puy de Tourettes, 1,268 m
* Pic des Courmettes, 1,248 m
* Puy de Naouri, 1,024 m
* Les Cuguyons, 982 m
* Baou de Saint-Jeannet, 802 m

## Geology

These prealps are made up of clayey limestone (molasse), with karst rock on the high altitude plateaus.
The mountains show limestone and dolomitic formations of Jurassic age affected by folding and thrusting with an east-west orientation. Surface formations, like sharp scree at the foot of the cliff and colluvium formations in the valleys, cover large areas.
The high altitude plateaus have a gentle topography and the characteristic features of a limestone landscape attesting to very developed karstification: lapiaz, sinkholes, dry valleys, temporary flow losses and caves.
The massif was formed in the Late Cretaceous era. During this period, the African plate and the Eurasian plate collided and caused the rim of the Alps and the formation of the Mediterranean Sea. All the sedimentary layers which were deposited above the gypsum will detach, slide, break, become entangled which defines secondary terrain on tertiary. The movement of the plates continues but since the sedimentary soil is karstic, it erodes more quickly than the crystalline rock of the old Precambrian massifs such as Estérel and Maures.
# Star Tamil TV

Vettri TV is a Tamil television service in Sri Lanka. The channel started broadcasting on 17 September 2009, the same day as its Sinhala sister station Siyatha TV.
# Thuringian Counts' War

The Thuringian Counts' War (German: Thüringer Grafenkrieg), or Thuringian Counts' Feud (Thüringer Grafenfehde) was a conflict between several ancient aristocratic families and the House of Wettin for supremacy in Thuringia. The war lasted from 1342 to 1346. The conflict is also called by various other names in English sources including War of the Thuringian Counts and Thuringian Comital War.
In 1247, the last Thuringian landgrave from the House of the Ludovingians, Henry Raspe, died without a male heir. During the war of succession that followed, Henry the Illustrious, Margrave of Meissen, finally won the landgraviate for the House of Wettin, whilst the Hessian territories went to Henry I of Hesse and formed the new Landgraviate of Hesse. The grandson of Henry the Illustrious, Frederick I, the Brave, and his son, Frederick II, the Serious, tried to secure the suzerainty of the Wettins over Thuringia and thus fell inevitably into opposition with the other princes in the land.
On 1 September 1342, the various counts and lords of Thuringia of sealed a pact in Arnstadt which effectively allied them against Frederick the Serious. The parties to the alliance included the counts of Schwarzburg, Weimar-Orlamünde and Hohnstein and the advocates of Gera and Plauen. Conflict broke out in October. The Electoral Mainz archbishop, Henry III of Virneburg, who was already in dispute with the citizens of Erfurt over city rights, supported the counts and so the citizens of Erfurt took the side of Frederick the Serious.
By 14 December 1342 the first peace treaty, brokered by the Emperor, was signed. Because the counts and advocates were bound to pay a very high sum - 338,000 Marks of Erfurt silver - for "breaking the peace", however, the peace did not hold and fighting soon flared up again. Frederick now sought to weaken the opposing allies by agreeing separate treaties with his enemies: first on 6 September 1343 with the advocates of Gera and Plauen, on 28 July 1345 with the Schwarzburgs, and finally on 11 April 1346 in the Treaty of Dresden with the Count of Weimar-Orlamünde. Each of the allies had to turn their main territories into fiefs of the Wettins and so lost their imperial immediacy and their political independence.
The outcome of the comital war strengthened the position of the Wettins in Thuringia, although were unable to finally drive the Schwarzburgs and the advocates out of Thuringia and these vassals continued to play an important role until the end of the monarchy in Thuringia in 1918 (c.f. Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt, Schwarzburg-Sondershausen, Reuß). However, after the counts' war they could not further expand their territories, but were restricted to their homelands and therefore no longer in a position to threaten the dominance of the Wettins in Thuringia. For the counts of Weimar-Orlamünde the result of the war meant the end of their imperial immediacy. A short while later, Weimar fell to Wettin as an agreed fief and became an important residenz of the Ernestine branch of the Wettins (c.f. Saxe-Weimar and Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach).
# Heshterak

Heshterak (Persian: هشتراك, also Romanized as Heshterāk and Hashtarāk) is a village in Shepiran Rural District, Kuhsar District, Salmas County, West Azerbaijan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 579, in 115 families.
# Château de Romécourt

The Château de Romécourt is located in Azoudange in Moselle, and in the Lorraine Regional Natural Park (French: parc naturel régional de Lorraine) in the middle of the forest and the lakes of Sarrebourg. The castle has been registered in the French list of historical monuments since December 28, 1976.

## Construction

The castle was built by Michel l’Enfant in 1564. It was then completed in the 17th and 19th centuries by the addition of stables and chapel.

## Architecture

The façades, the well and roofs of the château are registered in the French list of historical monuments.
The buildings are made of bricks. Inspired by the Renaissance, the façade displays diamond shapes. The access is guarded by two doors "French" and "German" built in stone.

## Park and forests

The lands of Romécourt include 300 hectares (740 acres) of forests, fields and nature.
# Savoj Bolagh

Savoj Bolagh (Persian: ساوج بلاغ, also Romanized as Sāvoj Bolāgh; also known as Sāvoj Bolāghī) is a village in Arshaq Sharqi Rural District, in the Central District of Ardabil County, Ardabil Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 261, in 54 families.
# La Tour-d'Aigues

La Tour-d'Aigues (French pronunciation:; Occitan: La Torre d'Egues) is a commune in the Vaucluse department in the Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur region, Southeastern France.

## Geography

The town is located at the south of the Grand Luberon, 5 km (3.1 mi) away from Pertuis. It is the capital town of the Pays d'Aigues.

### Climate

La Tour d'Aigues is under the influence of the Mediterranean climate characterised by hot and dry summers and mild winters.

## History
### Middle Ages

The town belonged to the counts of Forcalquier until the end of the 12th century, when it passed to the Sabran family through marriage, and later to the Agoults.
La Tour d'Aigues was partly destroyed in 1390 when facing the assault of Raymond VIII de Turenne. In addition to this, epidemics emptied the town of its population. This crisis allowed Fouquet d'Agoult to acquire new territories: le Tourel, la Bastidonne, Saint-Martin-de-la-Brasque, and Cabrière d'Aigues.
The Templars also had an establishment at La Tour d'Aigues.

### Renaissance

Raymond d'Agoult, Fouquet d'Agoult's son, died without an heir in 1505. His sister Jeanne, wife of Antoine de Bolliers, viscount of Reillane, inherited La Tour d'Aigues. They brought farmers from their lands in Piémont to enrich the land. The town then passed on to the d'Agoult de Sault in 1584. It then belonged to the Lesdiguières, to a certain Villeroy in 1617, and, finally, to the Brunys in 1719 who were unpopular rich merchants from Marseille.
La Tour d'Aigues faced a devastating plague in 1630 and 1631.

### Early Modern Period

When the Villeroys went bankrupt, they were forced to sell the Renaissance castle built by Nicolas de Bolliers in 1550 to Jean-Baptiste Bruny. His son, Jérôme Bruny, turned the castle into a museum.

## Culture
### Museums and sights

* Parc naturel régional du Luberon
* The Renaissance castle, entirely renovated in the 16th and 17th century. It burnt down before the French Revolution. Catherine de Médicis is said to have visited it in 1579.
* The Eglise Notre-Dame de Romégas which dates back to the 13th century.
* The Maison d'Estienne du Bourguet built from 1658 to 1671 with 17th-century murals.
* The Museum of earthenware in the cellars of the castle.

## Notable people

* Victor d'Hupay (1746–1818), writer and philosopher
# Jaffal, West Azerbaijan

Jaffal (Persian: جفال, also Romanized as Jaffāl) is a village in Baba Jik Rural District, in the Central District of Chaldoran County, West Azerbaijan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 63, in 14 families.
# José Wilson Sánchez

José Wilson Sánchez is a Bolivian military officer who currently serves as the army chief and the commanding general (Spanish: General de Ejército) of the Bolivian Army since the failed coup attempt of 26 June 2024.

## 2024 coup attempt

On 26 June 2024, General Juan José Zúñiga, the commander of the Bolivian Army, attempted a coup d'état of President Luis Arce, by sending troops in armoured vehicles to seize the Plaza Murillo in La Paz, the country's administrative capital, and storm the Casa Grande del Pueblo, the presidential palace.
During the coup attempt, Arce appointed new heads of the Bolivian Army, Navy, and Air Force while stating that the troops that rose up against him were "staining the uniform". Arce appointed Sánchez as the new army chief and the commanding general. In his first act, Sánchez ordered all troops taking part in the coup to stand down and return to their barracks. Troops quickly evacuated the plaza following the order.