OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Jules Baillarger

Jules Baillarger, full name Jules Gabriel François Baillarger (25 March 1809 – 31 December 1890), was a French neurologist and psychiatrist.

## Biography

Baillarger was born in Montbazon, France. He studied medicine at the University of Paris under Jean-Étienne Dominique Esquirol (1772–1840), and while a student worked as an intern at the Charenton mental institution. In 1840 he accepted a position at the Salpêtrière, and soon after became director of a maison de santé in Ivry-sur-Seine. Among his assistants at Ivry was Louis-Victor Marcé (1828–1864).
With Jacques-Joseph Moreau (1804–1884) and others, he founded the influential Annales médico-psychologiques (Medical-Psychological Annals).

## Contributions and theories

In 1840 Baillarger was the first physician to discover that the cerebral cortex was divided into six layers of alternate white and grey laminae. His name is associated with the inner and outer bands of Baillarger, which are two layers of white fibers of the cerebral cortex. They are prominent in the sensory cortical areas because of high densities of thalamocortical fiber terminations. The outer band of Baillarger is especially prominent in the visual cortex, and is sometimes referred to as the band of Gennari.
In the field of psychiatry, Baillarger did research on the involuntary nature of hallucinations and the dynamics of the hypnagogic state (the intermediary stage between sleep and wakefulness). In 1854 he provided a description of a psychiatric disorder involving both manic and depressive episodes in the same individual, a condition that he referred to as folie à double forme (dual-form insanity). Unbeknownst to him at the time, another French psychiatrist, Jean-Pierre Falret (1794–1870), had described fundamentally the same condition (with a number of salient differences) in an article prior to Baillarger's findings. Falret referred to the disorder as folie circulaire (circular madness).

## Selected publications

* Recherches sur la structure de la couche corticale des circonvolutions du cerveau, (1840)
* Des hallucinations, des causes qui les produisent et des maladies caractérisent, Mémoires de l’Académie de Médecine (1842)
* Hallucinations, Annales médico-psychologiques du système nerveux, (1844)
* Folie à double forme, Annales médico-psychologiques du système nerveux, (1854)
* Recherches sur les maladies mentales, 2 volumes; (1890)
# Channel One Eurasia

Channel One Eurasia (Kazakh: Еуразия Бірінші арнасы/Eurazia Bırınşı Arnasy, Russian: Первый Канал Евразия/ Pervy Kanal Evrazia) is a local Kazakh television station that has been in operation since October 1997. It is one of many privately owned television stations in Kazakhstan closely monitored for any bad press about the Kazakh government.

## List of programmes broadcast on Perviy Kanal Evraziya
### Information

There are frequent news broadcasts throughout the day including news, sport & weather.
* Dobroe Utro, Kazakhstan!, (Russian News) every morning at 09:00.
* News Every Morning at 10:00. Every Night at 18:00.
* Sport Every Σάββατο 21:00
* SPORT 3 Every Night 21:00 an Every Morning 15:00

### Culture and Entertainment

Many Russian serials are aired often during the week.
* The Simpsons Entertainment Version Show
* SuperStar KZ, the Kazakh version of Pop Idol.
* Povtornaya Zagruzka, a drama series.
* Muzhchiny Ne Plachut, a crime drama series.

### Imported shows

Perviy Kanal Evraziya broadcasts many western documentaries, box office films & Russian talk shows.

### Former children's shows

Note: during the 2000s Channel One Eurasia have deals from TV Loonland and Sony Pictures Television (MiB only) for broadcasting their library content.
* Fat Dog Mendoza
* Letters from Felix
* Redwall
* Pettson and Findus
* Men in Black: The Animated Series
# Valeri Tolchev

Valeri Stepanovich Tolchev (Russian: Валерий Степанович Толчев; January 1, 1956 – November 3, 2006, in Omsk) was a Russian professional football coach and a player.
# Mikheil Korkia

Mikheil Korkia (Georgian: მიხეილ ქორქია) (10 September 1948 – 7 February 2004) was a Georgian-Soviet basketball player who won gold with the Soviet basketball team in Basketball at the 1972 Summer Olympics. He played for Dynamo Tbilisi.

## Trophies

* USSR Premier Basketball League (1): 1968
* USSR Basketball Cup (1): 1969
# Tõnno Lepmets

Tõnno Lepmets (March 31, 1938 in Tallinn, Estonia – June 26, 2005) was an Estonian professional basketball player, who competed for the Soviet Union. He won gold with the Soviet basketball team at the 1963 and 1967 EuroBasket. Elected to the Hall of fame of Estonian basketball in 2010. He was he long-time center (194 cm) of Estonian national team.

## Club career

Started playing basketball in 1956 as a member of Kalev Tallinn. 1957 he joined TPI basketball team (Tallinn Polytechnic Institute). After that he played for Kalev Tartu at the Championships of the Soviet Union in 1960–71.

## Achievements
### National Team

* European Championships: 1963, 1967

### Club

* Estonian SSR Championship: 1961-1966, 1968, 1971, 1974
# Fortress of Segura

The Fortress of Segura (Portuguese: Fortaleza de Segura) is a fortress in the civil parish of Segura, Portugal [pt], municipality of Idanha-a-Nova, the Portuguese district of Castelo Branco. It is classified by IGESPAR as a Site of Public Interest.

## History
### Background

The origins of the border fortification of Segura are obscure, the village only being mentioned in the early years of the Kingdom of Portugal. However, its definitive possession by the Crown of Portugal only took effect in 1282.

### The medieval castle

The first reference to the castle dates from the reign of Denis of Portugal (1279-1325), when, on 20 August 1299, the sovereign exempted its residents from the taxes traditionally paid in civil parish Salvaterra do Extremo, on condition that a castle be built. Twenty years later, the monarch donated the domains of the village and its castle to the Military Order of Christ, which established a commendation here, proof that, at this stage, Segura was already an expressive regional center.
Under the reign of Ferdinand I of Portugal (1367-1383), the sovereign donated the domains of the village and its castle to Frei Nuno Martins (1376). During this period, the construction of a barbican began, a defense that was articulated with a moat.
Later, under Manuel I of Portugal (1495-1521), is figured by Duarte de Armas [pt] (Book of Fortresses, c. 1509). The village was elevated to town and county seat in 1510, a position it enjoyed until 1836, when it was annexed to the municipality of Salvaterra do Extremo.

### War of Restoration to the present day

In the context of the Portuguese Restoration of independence War, the village and its fortification regained strategic importance on the border of Beira Baixa Province. For this reason, its defenses were reformulated, with the town being endowed with a surrounding wall, bastioned.
This defense was insufficient to stop the French invasion, which penetrated through this border during the Peninsular War, in 1807. Later, in 1846, its military government was extinguished, which led to the dismantling of the defenses, absorbed since then by urban progress.
At the beginning of the 20th century the clock tower was erected, today referred to as a reminder of Segura's military past, although without connection to it. The remainders of the defensive set are classified as Property of Public Interest by Decree published on 8 May 1959.
# Süymönkul Chokmorov

Süymönkul Chokmorov (Kyrgyz: Сүймөнкул Чокморов, before 2000: Kyrgyz: Чоң-Таш, romanized: Chong-Tash, Russian: Чон-Таш; English translation: "Big Rock") is a small village (kishlak) in Chüy Region, Kyrgyzstan, located just south of the capital Bishkek. It is part of the Alamüdün District. Its population was 729 in 2021. It is a ski resort and tourist area, and also the site of an NKVD execution. In 2000, it was renamed "Süymönkul Chokmorov" after the actor and artist Suimenkul Chokmorov.
The settlement was established in the 1930s when the local nomadic people were forced to settle.

## Natives of Chong-Tash

* Sopubek Begaliev, economist and politician.
* Suimenkul Chokmorov, actor and artist

## Memorial of Soviet repressions

In 1938, when Kyrgyzstan was part of the Soviet Union, Chong-Tash was the site of execution by the Soviet secret police, NKVD, as part of the Great Purge in the Soviet Union. 137 people – politicians, teachers, scientists and other professional and intellectuals from all over Kyrgyzstan – were secretly taken from the Bishkek (then Frunze) prison, shot to death, and their bodies dumped into a brick oven at a mountain NKVD location near the village. This was part of Joseph Stalin's crackdown of nationalist movements in Central Asia.
One of those killed was Törökul Aitmatov, father of the Kyrgyz author Chinghiz Aitmatov.
The site was discovered in 1991 after Kyrgyzstan gained its independence. The caretaker of the site had been sworn to secrecy by the NKVD (and, later, the KGB), but on his deathbed he told his daughter the location of the grave, who then told the Kyrgyz authorities. The bodies were then dug up and interred at a memorial site just outside the village called "Ata Beyit" ("Grave of our Fathers"). Former president Askar Akayev, other Kyrgyz dignitaries, and relatives of the dead participated in the reburial.
# Tetiana Malkova

Tetiana Olehivna Malkova (née Ozhelevska; born 16 September 1988) is a Ukrainian actress and television presenter.

## Biography

Malkova was born on 16 September 1988 in Kyiv. As a child, her parents sent her to a dance club. Malkova devoted 10 years to choreography and she worked as an aerial gymnast in a circus studio for a year. At the age of 17, she began to actively engage as a singer. Malkova graduated from National Pedagogical Drahomanov University and Kyiv National Economic University.
Malkova is a soloist of the group "Deva Jazz". She was also a finalist in the third season of The Voice of Ukraine. From 2011 to 2013, she was the host of programs on the "Pershiy Avtomobilny" channel where she also served as executive producer. In 2013, she was the host of the "Pydyom" program on the "Novyi Kanal" channel. From 2014 to 2016, she hosted the "Jedi" program on the "2+2" channel. From 2015 to 2017, she was an actress of the show "Made in Ukraine" of Kvartal 95 Studio.

## Personal life

Malkova is married to director Dmytro Malkov and has two children.
# Udit Rai

Udit Rai is an Indian politician and a member of the Bihar Legislative Assembly from Chapra constituency.

## Political career

Rai served as a health ministers of Bihar from 9 March 1999 to 2 March 2000, for the Rashtriya Janata Dal government in Bihar led by Rabri Devi.
# Caterpillar 345C L

The Caterpillar 345C L is a large hydraulic excavator manufactured by Caterpillar Inc. The 345C L, with 345 hp (257 kW) of net flywheel power, is classified as a large excavator by Caterpillar. In Caterpillar's naming conventions, the last two digits indicate the excavator's weight in metric tonnes. The 345C L is not named after its horsepower. Rather, it is a coincidence that both use the number 345. Caterpillar currently produces the 300 series, including the 345C L.

## Specifications
### Engine

* Engine Model: Caterpillar C13 ACERT
* Net Flywheel Power: 345 hp (257 kW)
* Net Power (ISO 9249): 345 hp (257 kW)
* Net Power (SAE J1349): 349 hp (257 kW)
* Net Power (EEC 80/1269): 345 hp (257 kW)
* Cylinders: 6

### Weights

* Operating Weight: 99,150 lb (44,970 kg)
* Operating Weight (long undercarriage): 99,150 lb (44,970 kg)

### Operating specifications

* Max Reach at Ground Level: 42.5 ft (13.0 m)
* Max Digging Depth: 29.3 ft (8.9 m)
* Max Bucket Capacity: 5 yd³ (3.8 m³)
* Nominal bucket weight: 3,880 lb (1,760 kg)
* Bucket digging force (Normal): 39,300 lbf (175 kN) (

## In the media

* "Episode 678: Auction Fever", Planet Money, January 22, 2016.
# Royal Prussian State Gendarmerie

The Royal Prussian State Gendarmerie (German: Königlich Preußische Landgendarmerie) was the gendarmerie of the Kingdom of Prussia from 1812 to 1918. Until the foundation of the Prussian security police in 1919, the corps was the largest police force in the empire after the gendarmeries of Bavaria and Saxony with 1918 over 5,500 gendarmes, albeit fewer in number than the Berlin Royal Protection Team with around 7,000 officers and the Hamburg Protection Team with around 6,000 officers. In contrast to the Royal Saxon Land Gendarmerie, founded in 1810, which the Ministry of the Interior, the Prussian gendarmerie was militarily organized and part of the army . In the war against France in 1870/71 and in the First World War in 1914/18, it formed the core of the Feldgendarmerie. In 1920 it was converted into the Landjäger.
After the annexation of the Electorate of Hesse in 1866, the Land Gendarmerie Corps of the Electoral Hessian Army and the Royal Hanover Landdragon Corps were taken over into Prussian services when the Kingdom of Hanover was annexed.
# Kalateh-ye Anamusi

Kalateh-ye Anamusi (Persian: كلاته اناموسي, also Romanized as Kalāteh-ye Ānāmūsī) is a village in Atrak Rural District, Maneh District, Maneh and Samalqan County, North Khorasan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 39, in 9 families.
# Bobby Herbert

Robert Herbert (21 November 1925 – 31 December 2006) was a Scottish footballer who played as a wing half in the English and Scottish Football Leagues.
Born in Glasgow, Scotland, Herbert started off with Blantyre Victoria before moving to Doncaster Rovers. It took a while to make his way into the first team, but by the time he left he had made 117 appearances over six seasons for the Division 2 club, and he'd netted 15 goals.
He then had a short spell at Midland League King's Lynn before returning to his native Scotland and briefly playing for Third Lanark in the Scottish First Division. Apparently Doncaster were paid £500 for Herbert without the approval of the Third Lanark board, so the manager was forced to pay this back out of his own pocket, although stole it back before being dismissed from his post.
Following an unsuccessful time at Third Lanark, he dropped down a league to Albion Rovers where he spent four seasons. Lastly he played league football for a season at Brechin City who finished bottom of the league that season.
# Tata Housing Development Company

Tata Housing Development Company (THDC) is a fully owned subsidiary of Tata Sons, a holding company of the Tata Group.
The company was established in 1984 by the late JRD Tata. It was revived in 2006 under the leadership of Brotin Banerjee, Managing Director and CEO of Tata Housing Development Company Limited. Its current Managing Director is Sanjay Dutt.
Since 2006 the company has developed into one of leading real estate development company and has built many landmark projects across India. Tata Housing pioneered the concept of low-cost housing aimed at the economically weaker section of society. It pioneered the concept of sustainable green development with its first commercial project – Xylem in Bengaluru (Bengaluru's first sustainable IT park). The project was awarded a gold certification by LEED, and since then every project of Tata Housing, from low-cost housing and affordable housing to ultra premium luxury projects, are all sustainable green developments certified by the Indian Green Building Council.
The company currently has 45 million sq.ft under various stages of development.
In 2010, Tata Housing launched Tata Value Homes, its 100% subsidiary to cater to low-cost and affordable housing in India in the price range of Rs. 4–10 Lacs, with the vision of bridging the huge shortfall of over 26 million households in India.

## Projects

The company has constructed many projects – integrated mixed use townships, commercial/retail complexes, budget housing and premium luxury housing projects.
The projects have been constructed in major Indian cities – Kolkata, Gurugram, Mumbai, Bhubaneswar, Pune, Bangalore, Cochin among others.
# Cristián Muñoz

Cristián Muñoz may refer to:
* Cristián Muñoz (footballer, born 1977), Argentine-born Chilean football goalkeeper
* Cristián Muñoz (footballer, born 1983), Chilean football manager and football midfielder
* Cristian Muñoz (racewalker), Chilean racewalker
* Cristian Camilo Muñoz, Colombian cyclist
# Königshütte Dam

The Königshütte Dam (German: Talsperre Königshütte) is a dam in the German state of Saxony-Anhalt in the Harz mountains. It impounds the River Bode and lies between Königshütte and Susenburg (both in the borough of Oberharz am Brocken). It is a so-called storage reservoir (Überleitungssperre) forming part of the Rappbode Dam system.
The dam itself was built on the Bode from 1939 to 1943 and 1952–1956 with construction being interrupted by the war. It is an 18 metre high gravity dam, made of concrete, for the supply of drinking water and for flood protection. It also provides reserves of water during times of drought and hydro-electric power. The power station has a nominal output of 60 kW and generates 0.18 GWh per annum.
The gently curving dam wall is 108 m long and has a volume of 13,500 m³. It can be overtopped along almost its entire length. In one section there is a fish-belly flap gate that can be lowered by 1.5 metres to provide flood control.
The reservoir has a capacity of 1.2 million m³ and covers an area of 32 hectares. Part of the water is diverted from here through a 1,795 m long tunnel to the Rappbode Reservoir. The rest flows back into the Bode and down to the Wendefurth Reservoir, where it is reunited with the water from the Rappbode Reservoir again.
A quiet concrete road from Königshütte runs along the northern side of the reservoir as far as the dam. On the south side a wide footpath leads back to Königshütte, which passes the confluence of the Kalte and Warme Bode. Numerous footpaths lead from the dam in almost all directions of the compass. The location is suitable for both anglers and walkers.
* Western section
* Approach from Königshütte
* North side
* East side of the dam
# Polynesian Rugby Federation

The Polynesian Rugby Federation (French: Fédération Polynésienne de Rugby FPR) also known as Polynesian Rugby Federation-Tahiti (French: Fédération Polynésienne de Rugby-Tahiti) is the governing body for rugby union in Tahiti. It is responsible for the Tahitian national team and the Fédération Polynésienne de Rugby-Tahiti that administers the country's professional leagues.

## History

Due to Many Tahitians involved in the sport not recognizing the president of the FTR, the Polynesian Rugby Federation was formed in 2015. In 2018, FTR who is affiliated with World Rugby had to pull out of the Pacific Mini Games(Pacific Games) sevens rugby tournament due to not having the government of French Polynesia's support. This is because the government instead supports FPR.

## Presidents

* Apolosi Foliaki (2016-2019)
* Laurent Tardieu (2019–2020)
# Qarah Chah

Qarah Chah (Persian: قره چاه, also Romanized as Qarah Chāh) is a village in Safiabad Rural District, Bam and Safiabad District, Esfarayen County, North Khorasan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 357, in 72 families.
# Garuk-e Pain

Garuk-e Pain (Persian: گروك پائين, also Romanized as Garūk-e Pā’īn; also known as Garak-e Pā’īn and Garūk-e Soflá) is a village in Kangan Rural District, in the Central District of Jask County, Hormozgan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 167, in 31 families.
# Kepenek Castle

The Kepenek Castle (Turkish: Kepenek Kalesi), is a historical Urartian castle on the mountain slope in the central district of Muş, Turkey.

## History

Kepenek Castle is 3–4 km from the city centre. This structure, located in the southeast, is located in the area between Donatım and Kepenek. This architectural structure, extending in the shape of a cape towards the east, is 25 m from the road. As high as 1392 m. It is located on a hill with altitude. An inscription belonging to Urartian King Argisti I (785-765 BC) was unearthed near Kepenek Castle. The inscription is now under protection by the Muş Provincial Directorate of Culture and Tourism. The inscription in question reads:
   To Master Haldi, Argisti, son of Minua, this silence He built his temple and a castle perfectly (and) took his name from Argistihinil put it. Thanks to the greatness of Haldi (I am) Minua son of Argisti, mighty king, great king, King of the Land of Bianili, lord of the City of Tuspa.
# Zeynab-e Koshteh

Zeynab-e Koshteh (Persian: زينب كشته) is a village in Gavkan Rural District, in the Central District of Rigan County, Kerman Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 66, in 14 families.
# Katowice Special Economic Zone

The Katowice Special Economic Zone (Polish: Katowicka Specjalna Strefa Ekonomiczna, KSSE) is a special economic zone located in south-western Poland, in Silesian, Opole, and Lesser Poland voivodeships. It is operated by Katowicka Specjalna Strefa Ekonomiczna S.A. company from Katowice.
It has an area of 2749 ha and is scheduled to operate until 31 December 2026.
# Church of St. Felix, Nantes

The Church of St. Felix (French: Église Saint-Félix) is a Roman Catholic church located in the district of Hauts-Pavés/Saint Felix, in Nantes, France. The church is dedicated to the fifth century French bishop, Felix of Nantes.

## History

Before its creation, the current St. Felix parish was part of the village of Barbin, and it adjoined St. Similien parish.
The church was built from August 1843 on the land bordering the château de la Haute-Forêt, with plans by architect Charles Raymond (1813–1872). In a Gothic Revival style and with a small scale. Once completed, the small rural church was extended and dedicated to Monsignor Jean-François de Hercé [fr] on 25 February 1844. At the time, the vault was not completely finished and the floor was not paved.
In 1856, the Ministry of Interior offers a memorial for Olivier Saint-Félix converting the Saxons, and added two wings to the nineteenth-century building. The church was enlarged again around 1950 and consecrated on 20 June 1953. All the windows are works of Gabriel Loire.

## Organs

The great organ of Saint-Félix church date from 1954 and was inaugurated by Maurice Duruflé. They were later restored by organ-builder Denis Lacorre in 2008.