OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Freedom Air

Freedom Air (legally Freedom Air International) was a New Zealand low-cost airline which operated since 8 December 1995 to March 2008. It was part of the Air New Zealand Group which ran scheduled passenger services from New Zealand to Australia and Fiji and charter services within New Zealand. Its main hub was Auckland Airport.

## History

The airline was established in 1995 as a response to the commencement of discount services between Australia and New Zealand by Kiwi Travel International Airlines and started operations on 8 December 1995 with a single Boeing 757-200. It was ordinally formed as South Pacific Air Charters by Mount Cook Airline and renamed to Freedom Air International in 1998.
By 2004, its fleet had expanded to five Boeing 737-300 aircraft and it was providing direct non-stop services to the Australian cities of Brisbane, Gold Coast, Newcastle, Sydney and Melbourne from Hamilton, Auckland, Wellington, Christchurch, Dunedin and Palmerston North. Flights to Fiji were also operated. It briefly operated on the New Zealand main trunk domestic routes such as Auckland–Christchurch, but ceased these services to concentrate on providing value trans-Tasman flights.
In June 2006, the aircraft from Freedom Air were combined with Air New Zealand's fleet of Airbus A320-200 under the air operator's certificate of Zeal320, which was then the sole operator of the Air New Zealand Group's Airbus fleet. When the airline ceased Zeal320 had one aircraft painted in Freedom Air livery. As such, Freedom Air has no aircraft or current air operator's certificate, and Freedom Air is no longer an operational entity.
Air New Zealand ceased all Freedom Air operations from the end of March 2008.

## Destinations

Throughout its existence, Freedom Air flew to six destinations in New Zealand, five in Australia and one in Fiji. When the airline shut down on 30 March 2008, all services were replaced by Air New Zealand flights, with the exception of flights out of Palmerston North, which left the airport without any international services. Flights to Nadi and Newcastle were withdrawn prior to 2008.
* Australia
** Brisbane – Brisbane Airport
** Gold Coast – Gold Coast Airport
** Melbourne – Melbourne Airport
** Newcastle – Newcastle Airport
** Sydney – Sydney Airport
* Fiji
** Nadi – Nadi International Airport
* New Zealand
** Auckland – Auckland Airport (Hub)
** Christchurch – Christchurch Airport
** Dunedin – Dunedin Airport
** Hamilton – Hamilton Airport
** Palmerston North – Palmerston North Airport
** Wellington – Wellington Airport

## Fleet

Freedom Air had operated the following aircraft:
Freedom Air fleet :
| Aircraft | Total | Introduced | Retired | Notes |
| Airbus A320-200 | 13 | 2005 | 2008 | 3 leased from Air New Zealand. |
| Boeing 737-200 | 2 | 2001 | 2001 | 1 leased from Airwork. |
| Boeing 737-300 | 9 | 1996 | 2006 | 3 leased from Air New Zealand. 2 leased from TACA Airlines. 1 leased from Polynesian Airlines 1 leased from Transavia. |
| Boeing 757-200 | 1 | 1995 | 1996 | Leased from Britannia Airways. |
# Mohamed Bensaïd Stadium

Mohamed Bensaïd Stadium (Arabic: ملعب محمد بن سعيد), is a multi-use stadium in Mostaganem, Algeria, it is a part of Complexe Commandant Ferradji. It is currently used mostly for football matches and is the home ground of ES Mostaganem and WA Mostaganem. The stadium holds 18,000 spectators.
# Sahaj Marg

Sahaj Marg or Heartfulness Meditation is a set of meditative practices first developed at the turn of the twentieth century and formalized into teaching through Shri Ram Chandra Mission in 1945. It is a form of Raja Yoga meditation system. Use of pranahuti or yogic transmission and the cleaning of impressions (called samskaras) are claimed to be unique to this method.
The Heartfulness Movement's headquarters is located in Kanha Shanti Vanam near Hyderabad in Telangana, India. The current global guide of the organization is Kamlesh Patel (Daaji).

## History

The organizational body Shri Ram Chandra Mission was formally registered in 1945 by Ram Chandra (1899-1983). As part of the Sahaj Marg spiritual practice, Ram Chandra adopted a technique called pranahuti as taught by his spiritual master bearing the same name Ram Chandra of Fatehgarh in India (popularly called "Lalaji" by his followers).

## Practice

The system involves daily and weekly practices including solitary and group meditation. Heartfulness practices include relaxation, meditation, cleaning (or rejuvenation) and prayer.
Meditation focuses on the practitioner's heart. A subtle yogic transmission, also called pranahuti, is a part of the system, and so is "cleaning" or "rejuvenation", which involves suggestions and positive affirmations. The practitioner performs a prayer before going to bed at night.
# Muhammad X of Granada

Muhammad X (Arabic: محمد العاشر; 1415–1454) was the eighteenth Nasrid dynasty ruler of the Emirate of Granada in Al Andalus, Islamic Moorish Spain.
# Chesterfield Gorge Natural Area

Chesterfield Gorge Natural Area, also known as Chesterfield Gorge State Wayside, is a 13-acre (5.3 ha) state park on Route 9 in Chesterfield, New Hampshire. The park conserves a rocky gorge with waterfalls on Wilde Brook. There is picnicking, a seasonal visitor center, and 0.7-mile (1.1 km) trail on either side of the brook.
The park owes its existence to local farmer George White, who bought the gorge in 1936 to protect it from clear-cut loggers. White sold 15 acres (6.1 ha) to the Society for the Protection of New Hampshire Forests, which then donated the land to the state. As Chesterfield Gorge Wayside Picnic Area, the park dates from 1948.
# Institute of Coptic Studies

The Institute of Coptic Studies (Arabic: معهد الدراسات القبطية) was founded in 1954 by the Coptic Orthodox Church of Alexandria. It is based in Cairo.

## Description

The institute is the Egyptian church's main research centre in subjects of Coptology and for shared in many research about different aspect of Coptology since its establishment. The Coptic painters Isaac Fanous and Adel Nassief studied in the institute.
The institute is involved in postgraduate studies in Coptic subjects including Coptic music, Coptic art, Coptic iconography and Coptic history.
One of the teachers was Mikhail Girgis El Batanouny, the Coptic music expert.
From 1955 to 1985 Iris Habib Elmasry continued to lecture in Coptic History at the Institute of Coptic Studies.

## Foundation

The institute was mainly founded by its first president Professor Aziz Suryal Atiya who was also the Founder of the Middle East center, University of Utah. Other prominent Coptologists and Egyptologists contributed to its establishment as Professor Dr Pahor Labib Director of the Coptic Museum in Old Cairo (1951–1965).
# Ascarus

Ascarus (Ancient Greek: Ἄσκαρος) was a sculptor of ancient Thebes, who made a statue of the Greek god Zeus, which was dedicated by the Thessalians at Olympia. The classicist Friedrich Thiersch believed that he was a pupil of the sculptor Ageladas.
# Menceyato of Adeje

Adeje was one of the 9 menceyatos (native Guanche kingdoms) on the island of Tenerife (Canary Islands, Spain) before the arrival of the conquering Spaniards and occupied the present-day towns of Guía de Isora, Adeje, Santiago del Teide, as well as possibly also part of Arona, in the southwest of Tenerife.
The kings of Adeje were Betzenuriya, Pelinor, Tinerfe and Sunta.
# Teplychne, Zaporizhzhia

Teplychne (Ukrainian: Тепличне) was an urban-type settlement (and constituent unit of its own settlement council) of the Shevchenkivskyi District (urban district) of the Zaporizhzhia Municipality in southern Ukraine. Its population was 2,630 in the 2001 Ukrainian Census.

## Geography

Teplychne is located on the eastern outskirts of Zaporizhzhia near the Mokra Moskovka River. It is located to the immediate west of the Zaporizhzhia International Airport.

## History

The settlement was first established in 1946 as the village of Zhdanova (Ukrainian: Жданова); it was given the status of an urban-type settlement on 27 September 1991. Teplychne was annexed to Zaporizhzhia's city limits and its status as an urban-type settlement was liquidated following on a resolution of the Zaporizhzhia Oblast Council dated 23 April 2009.
# Myron Korduba

Myron Korduba (Ukrainian: Мирон Михайлович Кордуба, March 2, 1876 – May 2, 1947) was a Ukrainian historian, professor of the history of Ukraine at the Warsaw University Faculty of Humanities in 1929-1939; and author of biographies of famous Ukrainians in the Polish Biographical Dictionary (PSB).

## World War II

After the invasion of Poland by Nazi Germany and the Soviet Union in 1939 Korduba remained within the German zone of occupation. After the closing of Warsaw University by German occupation authorities and the liquidation of the Ukrainian Scientific Institute of Warsaw, Korduba moved in 1940 to Chełm, where he taught history in the Ukrainian gymnasium. After the German attack in 1941 on the Soviet positions in eastern Poland during Operation Barbarossa, in December 1941 Korduba moved to occupied Lviv where he worked in the library of the Shevchenko Scientific Society, and taught at a Ukrainian high school.
After the occupation of Lviv by the Red Army in July 1944, on August 7, 1944 Korduba was appointed by the Soviet authorities the acting professor of history at the University of Lviv in the Ukrainian SSR, and in September 1945 the chair of its department of history of Southern and Western Slavs.
# Bulandi (1990 film)

Bulandi (Urdu: بلندی) is a 1990 Pakistani Urdu feature film, directed by Javed Fazil. Its producer is Aslam Butt, a Lollywood film starring Nadeem, Samina Peerzada, Reema Khan, Shaan. Introducing new actors Reema and Shaan in this film.

## Plot

The film starts off by showing the relationship of Nadeem and Samina Peerzada, They soon end up having a baby boy, Shaan. Shaan is friends with Reema, who belongs to a family much richer than his family. The first encounter was when Shaan (one or two years older than Reema) gave a doll to a crying Reema, when he was only around four years of age. The families then split, leaving the two friends separated.
Once older, they meet each other without knowing their past, having a disgusted perception of each other. While Reema's jogging, Shaan accidentally splashes her with mud ... This causes her to do the same on him, but instead of a bit of mud, she drops him in the mud, while he's on his bicycle. After their first unpleasant meeting, they somehow fall in love. Once returning home ,Reema finds out that her father has planned her marriage with somebody she does not love. The father does this for greed of money. Reema refuses and spends her time with Shaan.
Shaan's parents meet their son's childfriend and his lover and accept their relationship. They go to Reema's father's home to ask for his daughter's hand. He rejects the offer. Nadeem begs him, but he does not give in. Nadeem's wife, with a fatal heart injury, dies of a heart attack.

## Cast

* Nadeem
* Afzaal Ahmed
* Samina Peerzada
* Reema Khan as Reema
* Shaan Shahid as Shaan
* Madiha Shah
* Faisal Rehman as Ali

## Film songs

Film musical score was by M. Arshad and film song lyrics were by Masroor Anwar.
* Aakhri saans tak tujh ko chahoon ga, Sung by Mehnaz Begum, Akhlaq Ahmed
* Phoolon mein, kalion mein, ankhon ki galion mein, Mehnaz Begum
* Aa palkon ki chhaon mein, mein geet tera ...
* I Love You, Reema ... I Love You, Shaani ... Mehnaz Begum, A. Nayyar
* Kahan geya who tera waada ... (sad version) Mehnaz Begum, Akhlaq Ahmed
* Sawan pyar ka pehla sawan ... Mehnaz Begum, Ehtisham Ali Khan Abbasi
* Mera naam, tera naam ... (sad version) Mehnaz Begum
# Romen (river)

The Romen (Ukrainian: Ромен; Russian: Ромен) is a right tributary of the Sula with a length of 111 km and a drainage basin of 1,645 km². It begins in the northern Ukrainian Oblast of Chernihiv and flows into the Sula near the Sumy Oblast city of Romny. The average discharge quantity amounts to 3 m³/s at the delta.
The name is of Baltic origin, cognate with the Lithuanian romus ('quiet').
# Emil Jónsson

Guðmundur Emil Jónsson (27 October 1902 – 30 November 1986) was prime minister of Iceland from 23 December 1958 to 20 November 1959.
He first became minister of Fisheries and Social affairs. He was a chairman of the Social Democratic Party (Alþýðuflokkurinn) from 1956 to 1968. He was a member of the Althingi from 1934 to 1971, and its speaker from 1956 to 1958.
# Amir Husain Al-Kurdi

Amir Husain Al-Kurdi (Arabic: أمیر حسین الکردي, Kurdish: میر حوسێنی کوردی), named Mihir Hussain or Mir-Hocém or Mirocém by the Portuguese, was a Kurdish governor of the city of Jeddah in the Red Sea, then part of the Mamluk Sultanate, in early 16th century. He stood out as admiral of the Mamluk fleet fought by the forces of the Portuguese Empire in the Indian Ocean. Shortly after the arrival of the Portuguese to the Indian sea, Mirocem was sent by the last Mamluk Sultan, Al-Ashraf Qansuh al-Ghawri, to defend his interests in the sea, including the defense of the fleets of Muslim pilgrims to Mecca, then part of the sultanate.
In 1508, he joined Malik Ayyaz, an admiral from Gujarat, as leader of the Mamluk fleet at the battle of Chaul, where they faced and defeated the fleet of Lourenço de Almeida, son of the Portuguese viceroy of India, D. Francisco de Almeida. Following this battle, he was fiercely fought by the viceroy himself, who in 1509 invested and won the Battle of Diu seeking Mirocem to avenge the death of his son and free the Portuguese prisoners made at Chaul in 1508.
Together with the Ottoman fleet of Selman Reis, Husain successfully defended Jeddah in 1517 from the Portuguese fleets of Lopo Soares de Albergaria, soon before the fall of the Mamluk Sultanate to the Ottoman Empire.
# Jón Halldór Kristjánsson

Jón Halldór Kristjánsson (born 11 June 1942) is an Icelandic politician and former Minister of Social Affairs.
# Eugenio Méndez Docurro

Eugenio Méndez Docurro (April 17, 1923 – August 23, 2015) was a Mexican engineer and politician. He served as the Secretary of Communications and Transportation from 1970 to 1976 during the administration of former President Luis Echeverría. He also served as the director of the Instituto Politécnico Nacional (IPN) from 1959 until 1962, as well as the first director of the Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología (CONACYT) upon its creation on December 29, 1970.
Méndez Docurro was born in Veracruz in 1923. He studied at the Escuela Superior de Ingeniería Mecánica y Eléctrica (ESIME). He received a Masters of Science from Harvard University and the electronics laboratory at the University of Paris.
He died in Mexico City on August 23, 2015, at the age of 92.
# Climax (Paphlagonia)

Climax or Klimax (Ancient Greek: Κλίμαξ) was a town on the Black Sea coast of ancient Paphlagonia between Cytorus and Cape Carambis (modern Kerembe Burnu). Marcian of Heraclea places it 50 stadia east of Crobialus. Ptolemy mentions it in his Galatia, and it is the first place after Cytorus which he mentions on this coast. It flourished during Roman and Byzantine eras.
Its site is located near Kazallı in Asiatic Turkey.
# Henicheska Hirka

Henicheska Hirka (Ukrainian: Генічеська Гірка) is a village located in the Arabat Spit, in the Henichesk Raion of the Kherson Oblast, Ukraine. It belongs to Henichesk urban hromada, one of the hromadas of Ukraine. Henicheska Hirka has a population of 495 inhabitants.

## Geography

The village is located on the Arabat Spit, 5 km south of Henichesk and 3 km north of the village of Shchaslyvtseve.

## History

At least 3 villagers died during the Holodomor of 1932-1933 organized by the Soviet authorities.
On June 12, 2020, according to the Order of the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine No. 726-r "On the determination of administrative centers and approval of territories of territorial communities of the Kherson Oblast", it became part of the Henichesk urban hromada.
On July 17, 2020, as a result of the administrative-territorial reform and liquidation of the former Henichesk Raion, it became part of the newly formed Henichesk Raion.
On February 24, 2022, the village was temporarily occupied by Russian troops during the Russian-Ukrainian war.
# Diviaky nad Nitricou

Diviaky nad Nitrou (Hungarian: Nyitradivék) is a village and municipality in Prievidza District in the Trenčín Region of western Slovakia.

## History

In historical records the village was first mentioned in 1210.

## Geography

The municipality lies at an altitude of 304 metres and covers an area of 19.859 km$^2$. It has a population of about 1798 people.

## Genealogical resources

The records for genealogical research are available at the state archive "Statny Archiv in Nitra, Slovakia"
* Roman Catholic church records (births/marriages/deaths): 1696-1896 (parish A)
# USS Manta (SS-299)

USS Manta (SS/ESS/AGSS-299), a Balao-class submarine, was the first submarine and second ship of the United States Navy to be named for the manta.

## Construction and commissioning

Manta was laid down on 15 January 1943 by the Cramp Shipbuilding Company at Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; launched on 7 November 1943, sponsored by Mrs. Michael J. Bradley; and commissioned on 18 December 1944.

## Service history

Upon completion of her shakedown cruise, Manta departed New London, Connecticut, 27 March 1945 for Hawaii via the Panama Canal. She sailed from Pearl Harbor 28 May 1945 for her first war patrol, off the Kurile Islands. Returning 16 July, she began her second patrol 8 August and ended it with the cessation of hostilities 15 August.
Returning to Pearl Harbor 10 September, Manta engaged in training through December. On 2 January 1946, she sailed for San Francisco and preinactivation overhaul. She was decommissioned 10 June 1946 and placed in the Pacific Reserve Fleet.
Manta recommissioned 2 August 1949, Lt. E. H. Edwards, Jr., in command, as ESS-299. On 1 September she was redesignated AGSS-299 and ordered to Key West, Fla. For the next 4 years she operated as a target ship for experimental antisubmarine warfare projects of Operational Development Force, Atlantic Fleet.
On 5 July 1955, Manta departed Key West for Portsmouth, N.H., to prepare for inactivation. Towed to New London, she decommissioned 6 December 1955 and was placed in the Inactive Reserve Fleet. In April 1960 she was assigned to Naval Reserve training duties with the 3rd Naval District. Declared as excess to the needs of the Navy, she was struck from the Navy List on 30 June 1967 and sunk as an aircraft target off Hampton, Virginia on 16 July 1969.

## Awards

* Asiatic-Pacific Campaign Medal
* World War II Victory Medal
* National Defense Service Medal
# Radoszyna

Radoszyna is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Dobre, within Mińsk County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately 8 kilometres (5 mi) north of Dobre, 25 km (16 mi) north-east of Mińsk Mazowiecki, and 53 km (33 mi) east of Warsaw.
# Belcheh Sur

Belcheh Sur (Persian: بلچه سور, also Romanized as Belcheh Sūr; also known as Belīcheh Sūr, Bīlcheh Sar, Bīlcheh Sūr, and Bilchehsūr) is a village in Kumasi Rural District, in the Central District of Marivan County, Kurdistan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 268, in 61 families. The village is populated by Kurds.
# Mira, Portugal

Mira (Portuguese pronunciation: ) is a municipality in the central Portuguese district of Coimbra. A coastal municipality, known for its beaches, forests, and agriculture, the population was 12 465 inhabitants in an area of approximately 124.03 square kilometres (47.89 sq mi).

## History

In 1442, the regent Peter, Duke of Coimbra, conceded administrative autonomy to the town of Mira.
Concession of its first Foral (charter) occurred almost a century later, during the reign of King D. Manuel I. At that time, on 28 August 1514, the king bestowed to Gonçalo Tavares, the first seigneur of Mira, privileges to develop the region.
In 1644, by royal concession, King D. John IV of Portugal transfer donatário title to the Casa da Rainha referring to the older concession, bestowed further rights to his successor, Manuel de Sousa Tavares (from the 1758 Memórias Paroquiais).
Mira was integrated in to the bishopric and comarca of Coimbra in 1758.

## Geography

Administratively, the municipality is divided into 4 civil parishes (freguesias):
* Mira
* Praia de Mira
* Seixo
* Carapelhos

## Economy

A centre for artisanal fishery, and aquaculture, Mira's economic activities also rely on agriculture, forestry and tourism.
In 2007, the Galician fishing company Pescanova, headquartered in Redondela, Spain, announced its intention to build several sea bass aquaculture plants in Mira. Pescanova invested about 350 million Euros in the Portuguese aquaculture plant, which was backed by the Portuguese government with about 45 million Euros in incentives. The plants incorporate wind farms to alleviate the high energy costs, as well as a fish feeding plant. The plants were projected to reach a production rate of between 30,000 and 100,000 tonnes per year.

## Architecture
### Civic

* Building of the Post, Telegraph and Telephones (CTT) of Mira (Portuguese: Edifício dos Correios, Telégrafos e Telefones, CTT, de Mira)
* Fountain of São Bento (Portuguese: Fonte de São Bento)
* Municipal Council and Judicial Courthouse of Mira (Portuguese: Câmara Municipal e Tribunal Judicial de Mira)
* Pillory of Mira (Portuguese: Pelourinho de Mira)
* Subregional Hospital of Mira (Portuguese: Hospital Subregional de Mira)

### Religious

* Chapel of Leitões (Portuguese: Capela de Leitões)
* Chapel of Nossa do Carmo (Portuguese: Capela de Nossa do Carmo)
* Chapel of Nossa Senhora da Conceição (Portuguese: Capela de Nossa Senhora da Conceição)
* Chapel of Santa Marinha (Portuguese: Capela de Santa Marinha)
* Chapel of São Sebastião (Portuguese: Capela de São Sebastião)
* Church of São Tomé (Portuguese: Igreja Paroquial de Mira/Igreja de São Tomé)
* Church of Nossa Senhora do Carmo (Portuguese: Igreja Paroquial de Seixo/Igreja de Nossa Senhora do Carmo)
* Hermitage of Santa Maria de Mira (Portuguese: Ermida Santa Maria de Mira)

## Notable people

* Isabel Capeloa Gil (born 1965 in Mira) the 6th Rector of the Catholic University of Portugal
# Geli, Republic of Dagestan

Geli (Russian: Гели; Kumyk: Гелли, Gelli) is a rural locality (a selo) in Karabudakhkentsky District, Republic of Dagestan, Russia. The population was 2,798 as of 2010. There are 46 streets.

## Geography

Geli is located 16 km northwest of Karabudakhkent (the district's administrative centre) by road. Paraul and Adanak are the nearest rural localities.

## Demographics

There are Kumyk residents in Geli.
# Ernst Moritz Arndt Tower

The Ernst Moritz Arndt Tower (German: Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-Turm) stands on the top of the Rugard, the highest point of the central region of the German Baltic Sea island of Rügen. It is listed as a historic structure by the county of Rügen.

## Origin and construction

In preparation for the 100th anniversary of the German poet, Ernst Moritz Arndt, an Arndt Monument Committee was formed in 1869 under the chairmanship of Rügen Landrat, von Platen, and the Bergen mayor, Dr. Richter. Donations were asked for and architects invited to submit designs. The foundation stone was laid on 26 December 1869, the day of the celebrations. The design chosen was by the master builder of the royal parliament, Hermann Eggert from Berlin, who ran the project from beginning to end. In summer 1872 the 13 foot high rock foundation of the tower was built and in the following winter the earthworks began. In 1873 the first storey was completed. At that point, the money ran out. Not until 1875 was the second storey and internal staircase built. In 1876 the third storey and the dome followed, so that on 6 October that year the topping out ceremony (Richtfest) was celebrated. In 1877 the 26.7 metre-high monument was finally completed.

## Literature

* Erich Anmack: Zum 50jährigen Bestehen des E. M. Arndt-Denkmals auf dem Rugard. In: Unser Pommerland Vol. 2 1928, p. 54.