OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Kulykivka, Chernivtsi Oblast

Kulykіvka (Ukrainian: Куликівка; Romanian: Culiceni) is a commune (selsoviet) in Chernivtsi Raion, Chernivtsi Oblast, Ukraine. It is composed of a single village, Kulykіvka, and belongs to Hertsa urban hromada, one of the hromadas of Ukraine.
Until 18 July 2020, Kulykivka belonged to Hertsa Raion. The raion was abolished in July 2020 as part of the administrative reform of Ukraine, which reduced the number of raions of Chernivtsi Oblast to three. The area of Hertsa Raion was merged into Chernivtsi Raion. In 2001, 96.17% of the inhabitants spoke Romanian as their native language, while 3.15% spoke Ukrainian.
# Rhescuporis V

Rhescuporis V (Greek: Τιβέριος Ἰούλιος Ῥησκούπορις, romanized: Tiberios Ioulios Rheskoúporis), also transliterated as Rheskuporis or Rheskouporis, was the king of the Bosporan Kingdom, a Roman client state, from 240 to 276. The reign of Rhescuporis V overlaps with those of several other Bosporan kings; Pharsanzes (253–254), Sauromates IV (276) and Teiranes (276–278). It is unclear what their relationships and status were relative to each other and if they were co-rulers or rival contenders for the throne.

## Biography

Rhescuporis V became king of the Bosporan Kingdom in 240, succeeding Ininthimeus. Because the late Bosporan kings are known only from coinage, the precise relationship between the rulers is not known. Ininthimeus is variously thought to have been either a member of the ruling Tiberian-Julian dynasty (perhaps the son of Cotys III) or a foreign usurper, perhaps of Sarmatian descent. According to a 249 inscription left by Rhescuporis V at Panticapaeum, he claimed the throne of the Bosporan Kingdom by hereditary right. The French genealogist Christian Settipani believes Rhescuporis V to have been born c. 225 as the son of the previous king Sauromates III (r. 229–232).
Little is known from the reign of Rhescuporis V but the fact that the period during which he minted coins overlaps with the reigns of several other kings suggests that he was either faced with numerous usurpers or that he frequently co-ruled with relatives. The first king to be contemporary with Rhescuporis V was Pharsanzes, whose coins are known from 253 to 254. Whether Pharsanzes was a usurper or not is disputed, though he is most frequently believed by historians to have been a rival contender rather than a co-ruler, perhaps a closer relative of Ininthimeus or an unrelated foreigner.
Rhescuporis V is sometimes thought to have co-ruled with a king named "Synges" from 258 to 276. The identification of Synges is doubtful since it is based on a rare type of coins out of which only a single one preserves a partial inscription. This inscription was read as "Synges" by the numismatist Bernhard Karl von Koehne in the mid-19th century but was considered fanciful by Aleksandr Zograf in 1977.
More securely attested co-rulers are known from Rhescuporis V's final year, 276, when he ruled together with the two other kings Teiranes and Sauromates IV. Christian Settipani believes Teiranes to have been Rhescuporis V's brother and it is possible that Sauromates IV was Rhescuporis V's son. Settipani additionally believes that the later king Theothorses (279–309) was a younger son of Rhescuporis V.
Sauromates IV also died in 276 after less than a year as co-ruler, leaving Teiranes as Rhescuporis V's sole successor.
# Rhinonyssidae

Rhinonyssidae is a family of mites in the order Mesostigmata. There are about 16 genera and at least 460 described species in Rhinonyssidae.
The mites of this family are obligate parasites of avian respiratory systems, living in nasal passageways. They are endoparasites, typically living their entire life in within the respiratory systems of birds.
Rhinonyssid mites are widespread, and have been observed on every continent including Antarctica (Rhinonyssus sphenisci, first observed in 1963).

## Genera

These 16 genera belong to the family Rhinonyssidae:
* Charadrinyssus Butenko, 1984
* Larinyssus Strandtmann, 1948
* Locustellonyssus Bregetova, 1965
* Passeronyssus Fain, 1960
* Pipronyssus Fain & Aitken, 1967
* Ptilonyssus Berlese & Trouessart, 1889
* Rallinyssus Strandtmann, 1948
* Rhinoecius Cooreman, 1946
* Rhinonyssus Trouessart, 1894
* Ruandanyssus Fain, 1957
* Sternostoma Berlese & Trouessart, 1889
* Tinaminyssus Strandtmann & Wharton, 1958
* Trochilonyssus Fain & Aitken, 1967
* Tyranninyssus Brooks & Strandtmann, 1960
* Vitznyssus Castro, 1948
* Zumptnyssus Fain, 1959
# Arrianus (historian)

Arrianus (Greek: Ἀρριανός) was historian of ancient Greece, who lived at, or shortly after, the time of Gaius Julius Verus Maximus, and wrote a history of emperor Maximinus Thrax and the Gordiani.
It is not improbable that he may be the same as Lucius Annius Arrianus, who is mentioned as consul in 243 CE.
# Rhodium(II) trifluoroacetate

Rhodium trifluoroacetate is the chemical compound with the formula Rh$_2$(O$_2$CCF$_3$)$_4$. It is used as a catalyst in the synthesis of some organic compounds. The compound and its derivatives have been extensively characterized by X-ray crystallography. It adopts the Chinese lantern structure seen for many dimetal carboxylate complexes. This structure accommodates a Rh-Rh bond, the existence of which explains the diamagnetism of this Rh(II) species. The Rh-Rh distance is 238 pm.
The anhydrous complex is a green volatile solid. It is prepared by dissolving rhodium(II) acetate in hot trifluoroacetic acid:
    Rh$_2$(O$_2$CCH$_3$)$_4$ + 4 HO$_2$CCF$_3$ → Rh$_2$(O$_2$CCF$_3$)$_4$ + 4 HO$_2$CCH$_3$
This reaction expels acetic acid. The Rh-Rh bond is retained.

## Reactions

Rhodium(II) trifluoroacetate forms adducts with a variety of Lewis bases. The structures typically have a 2:1 stoichiometry, with one base binding at the "axial" position on each of the two Rh(II) centers:
    Rh$_2$(O$_2$CCF$_3$)$_4$ + 2 L → Rh$_2$(O$_2$CCF$_3$)$_4$L$_2$ (L = CO, RCN, R$_2$SO, R$_3$P, ...)
Rhodium(II) trifluoroacetate binds even very weak bases, moreso than does rhodium(II) acetate. It even forms adducts with hexamethylbenzene and with S$_8$.
Rhodium(II) trifluoroacetate catalyzes cyclopropanation of alkenes by diazo compounds: RCH=CR'H + CH$_3$CH$_2$O$_2$CCH(N$_2$) → cyclo−(RCH)(R'CH)(CH$_3$CH$_2$O$_2$CCH) + N$_2$
# Rhodobacterales

Rhodobacterales are an order of the Alphaproteobacteria.
Gene transfer agents are viruslike elements produced by Rhodobacterales which transfer DNA and may be an important factor in their evolution.

## Etymology

From Greek rhodon, the rose, and bakterion, a rod. This refers to the colour of aerobic phototrophic cultures of this order of bacteria which can be pink or red due to the production of carotenoids.
# Șamșud

Șamșud (Hungarian: Szilágysámson) is a commune located in Sălaj County, Crișana, Romania. It is composed of two villages, Șamșud and Valea Pomilor (Mocirla until 1956; Mocsolya).
The Șamșud gas field lies within the perimeter of the commune.

## Demographics

In 2011, it had a population of 1,723; out of them, 91.7% were Hungarian, 4.9% were Roma, and 1.6% were Romanian.

## Sights

* Orthodox church in Șamșud, built in the 19th century (1885), historic monument
* Reformed church in Șamșud, built in the 17th century
* Reformed church in Valea Pomilor, completed in 1794
# Novopokrovka, Polohy Raion, Zaporizhzhia Oblast

Novopokrovka (Ukrainian: Новопокровка) is a village (a selo) in the Polohy Raion (district) of Zaporizhzhia Oblast in southern Ukraine.
Until 18 July 2020, Novopokrovka belonged to Orikhiv Raion. The raion was abolished that day as part of the administrative reform of Ukraine, which reduced the number of raions of Zaporizhzhia Oblast to five. The area of Orikhiv Raion was merged into Polohy Raion.
Davyd Zhvania, a member of the Ukrainian Parliament, died on 9 May 2022 in shelling near the village, during the Russian invasion of Ukraine. On 27 October 2022, the village was occupied by Russian forces.
# Carsten Hemmingsen

Carsten Hemmingsen (born 18 December 1970) is a Danish former professional football player who played as a midfielder. He is the current head coach of the Danish club Slagelse B&I. He is the younger brother of Michael Hemmingsen.
In 1995, he made one appearance for the Denmark national football team.

## Honours

FC Copenhagen
* Danish Cup: 1996–97
OB
* Danish Cup: 2001–02
# Richard Zeckhauser

Richard Jay Zeckhauser (born 1940) is an American economist and the Frank P. Ramsey Professor of Political Economy at Harvard Kennedy School at Harvard University.

## Life

Zeckhauser holds a B.A., summa cum laude, and a Ph.D. in economics from Harvard University. Early in his career, he was one of the "whiz kids" assembled by Defense Secretary Robert S. McNamara to apply cutting-edge analysis to Cold War military strategy. He is married to Sally H. Zeckhauser.
He is the author or co-author of many books and over 300 peer-reviewed articles. His most significant works focus on risk management, decision sciences, investment, and policy-making under uncertainty. Zeckhauser introduced the term "ignorance" into decision-making under uncertainty, as in: there's "risk", "uncertainty", and outright "ignorance".
His most recent book, with Peter Schuck, is Targeting in Social Programs. The book examines how and why to deploy scarce public resources to solve public problems. While he holds no formal office, he has long been an informal leader at Harvard Kennedy School and at Harvard. He is also a consultant with Analysis Group. In 1994, he was elected to the Common Cause National Governing Board.

## Bridge career

Zeckhauser is a champion bridge player.

### Wins

* North American Bridge Championships (2)
** Blue Ribbon Pairs (1) 1966
** Mixed Pairs (1) 2007

### Runners-up

* North American Bridge Championships (2)
** Men's Board-a-Match Teams (1) 1968
** Mixed Board-a-Match Teams (2) 2003, 2012

## Significant works

* Summers, Lawrence, and Richard Zeckhauser. "Policymaking for posterity." Journal of Risk and Uncertainty 37.2-3 (2008): 115–140.
* Zeckhauser, Richard. "Investing in the Unknown and Unknowable." (2010): 77–117.
* Samuelson, William, and Richard Zeckhauser. "Status quo bias in decision making." Journal of risk and uncertainty 1, no. 1 (1988): 7–59.
* Zeckhauser, Richard (2006) "Investing in the Unknown and Unknowable", Capitalism and Society: Vol. 1 : Iss. 2, Article 5. doi:10.2202/1932-0213.1009
* Schuck, Peter H. & Zeckhauser, Richard J. Targeting in Social Programs: Avoiding Bad Bets, Removing Bad Apples, Brookings Institution Press, 2010, ISBN 978-0-8157-0428-7
* Zeckhauser, Richard, Strategy and choice, MIT Press, 1991, ISBN 978-0-262-24033-8
* Zeckhauser, Richard, Keeney, Ralph L., Sebenius, James K. Wise choices: decisions, games, and negotiations, Harvard Business Press, 1996, ISBN 978-0-87584-677-4
* Zeckhauser, Richard (2008). "Insurance". In David R. Henderson (ed.). Concise Encyclopedia of Economics (2nd ed.). Indianapolis: Library of Economics and Liberty. ISBN 978-0865976658. OCLC 237794267.

## Trivia

Zeckhauser is connected to the so-called Yhprum's law, the opposite of Murphy's law, saying: "Sometimes systems that should not work, work nevertheless."
# Askarovo, Burzyansky District, Republic of Bashkortostan

Askarovo (Russian: Аскарово; Bashkir: Аҫҡар, Aśqar) is a rural locality (a village) and the administrative centre of Askarovsky Selsoviet, Burzyansky District, Bashkortostan, Russia. The population was 487 as of 2010. There are 6 streets.

## Geography

Askarovo is located 49 km north of Starosubkhangulovo (the district's administrative centre) by road. Islambayevo is the nearest rural locality.
# Atari Jaguar CD

The Atari Jaguar CD is a CD-ROM peripheral for the Jaguar video game console. Only 13 games were released for the Jaguar CD during its lifetime. However, previously unfinished and homebrew games have since been released.

## History

Atari announced a CD-ROM drive for the Jaguar before the console's November 1993 launch. Codenamed Jaguar II during development, the Jaguar CD was released on September 21, 1995 for US$149.95 (equivalent to about $300 in 2023). It was originally scheduled for launch during the 1994 holiday shopping season, with multiple delays. In mid-1994 Atari and Sigma Designs signed an agreement to co-develop a PC board that would allow Jaguar CD games to be played on home computers, with a scheduled release by the end of 1994. However, it was never released.

## Technicals

The drive fits into the ROM cartridge slot atop the console, with its own pass-through cartridge slot to optionally run software that uses cartridge only or that uses cartridge and CD in tandem. The Memory Track cartridge stores saved game position and high scores. Several publications have criticized the Jaguar CD's design for resembling a toilet.
The Jaguar CD has a double-speed (2×) drive and built-in VLM (Virtual Light Machine) software by Jeff Minter, using a spectrum analyzer for a sophisticated video light show for audio CDs. It is bundled with Blue Lightning, Vid Grid, the Tempest 2000 soundtrack CD, and a Myst demo disc. Every startup screen is unique, using the VLM for a random light show.
Jaguar CDs can store up to 790MB, more than conventional CD-ROMs. Its proprietary CD format is based on the audio CD format, instead of standard CD-ROM data formats. It allows for more storage, and its incompatibility foils casual piracy, at the expense of reduced error correction.
# Frank Schmöller

Frank Schmöller (born 21 August 1966) is a German football coach and former player.

## Playing career

Schmöller played as a forward and during his thirteen year professional career, he appeared for seven different clubs in Germany and Belgium, most notably for Hamburger SV. With HSV, he won the DFB-Pokal in 1987, scoring two goals in the round of 16 win over rivals FC St. Pauli on 19 November 1986 and appearing in the final against Stuttgarter Kickers as a second-half substitute.
In total, Schmöller made 48 appearances in the Bundesliga, scoring 4 goals, and appeared a further 107 times in the 2. Bundesliga adding 26 goals.

## Managerial career

After his playing career, he went into management, starting with lower-division Bavarian side SV Heimstetten in 2002. Most recently, he was the manager of 1860 Munich II, a position he held from July 2019 until June 2021. In December 2023, he was named the interim head coach of 1860 Munich until January 2024.

## Honours

Hamburger SV
* DFB-Pokal: 1986–87
# Marc Trévidic

Marc Trévidic (born on 20 July 1965 in Bordeaux) is a French magistrate. From 2000 to 2015, he was an examining magistrate at the Tribunal de grande instance de Paris, specializing in fighting terrorism.

## Early life

Marc Trévidic was born to a Breton father and a Basque mother, both employed by Renault. After law school, he attended the French National School for the Judiciary.

## Career

He began his career as an examining magistrate in Péronne, Somme before becoming a junior Procurer-General in Nantes and then in Paris where he quickly moved to the anti-terrorism section. In 2003, he became an examining magistrate in Nanterre, integrating the anti terrorism focus in 2006.
He represented clients in 1980 Paris synagogue bombing, 2002 Karachi bus bombing and the Assassination of the monks of Tibhirine, among other cases. He stepped down as magistrate in 2015.
On September 7, 2009, he became President of the French Association of Examining Magistrates.

## Publications

* Marc Trévidic, Au cœur de l'antiterrorisme, Paris, éditions JC Lattès, 2011, 403 p. (ISBN 978-2-7096-3569-1)
* Marc Trévidic, Terroristes : Les 7 piliers de la déraison, Paris, éditions JC Lattès, 2013, 220 p. (ISBN 978-2-7096-4294-1)
# Västanå Manor

Västanå Manor (Swedish: Västanå slott) is a manor house in Gränna parish in Jönköping Municipality, Sweden.

## History

The estate probably dates from the 14th century, when it was the property of the Ulfsparre family. It stayed in the family for seven generations, until the mid-17th century when it was sold in 1641 to soldier and statesman Per Brahe the Younger (1602–1680). He ordered the construction of the present main building. In 1728, it passed into the Hamilton family. It was shortly thereafter sold and subsequently belonged to several different families. The main building was rebuilt in 1767–70, during the ownership of Rutger Bennet (1720-1791).
In the years 1928–30, Rolf Gyllensvaan von Otter (1891–1967) carried out thorough repairs. At that time, the third floor was removed and the castle received its present appearance. Västanå Manor is a large high-rise, two-store building. Since 1948, Västanå has been a hotel, conference center and restaurant. The facility is operated by the members of the von Otter family.
# Horobivka

Horobivka (Ukrainian: Гороб'ївка, Russian: Горобьевка, romanized: Gorobievka) is a village in Kupiansk Raion, Kharkiv Oblast, Ukraine. In 2001, it had a population of 263 people. It is located 17 kilometres (11 mi) northeast of Kupiansk. As of May 2023, the village is currently fully occupied by Russian forces during their invasion of Ukraine.

## History
### 2020 Kharkiv Oblast forest fire

In September 2020, the village almost completely burned down as a result of a forest fire in the wider Kharkiv region. The residents were evacuated. 22 houses were destroyed, leaving 33 people homeless.

### 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine

It was occupied by the Russian Armed Forces as part of the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine. On 24 September 2022, it was reported by Russian milbloggers that Ukrainian forces had recaptured the village as part of their wider counteroffensive in the Kharkiv region. Over the course of the next month, Russia made efforts to recapture the territory it lost in northeast Kharkiv Oblast, including Horobivka. On 18 October 2022, an official from the self-proclaimed Luhansk People's Republic first claimed that Russian forces had recaptured Horobivka. The village As of May 2023 is still currently occupied by Russian forces.

## Demographics

In 2001, the village had 263 inhabitants. Of these, 243 spoke Ukrainian, and 20 spoke Russian.
# Udimsky

Udimsky (Russian: Удимский) is a rural locality (a settlement) in Privodinskoye Urban Settlement of Kotlassky District, Arkhangelsk Oblast, Russia. The population was 2,081 as of 2010. There are 37 streets.

## Geography

Udimsky is located 55 km southwest of Kotlas (the district's administrative centre) by road. Udima is the nearest rural locality.
# Union of Libertarian Communist Workers

The Union of Libertarian Communist Workers (French: Union des travailleurs communistes libertaires, UTCL) was a political organization established in France and created in 1978 after splitting from the Revolutionary Anarchist Organization two years earlier. It was active until 1991, when Alternative libertaire was created.

## History

Following the 1974 strikes in the banks, the PTT and the railways, a revolutionary syndicalist tendency was formed within the Revolutionary Anarchist Organization (French: Organisation révolutionnaire anarchiste, ORA), called the Union of Libertarian Communist Workers (French: Union des travailleurs communistes libertaires, UTCL).
The UTCL trend reproached the ORA for its leftist and anti-syndicalist drift which kept it away from workplace activism. The UTCL wanted to re-anchor anarchism in the workers' movement and in syndicalism. At its April 1976 congress in Orleans, the ORA excluded the UTCL tendency, and renamed itself the Libertarian Communist Organization (French: Organisation communiste libertaire, OCL). In February 1978 the founding congress of the UTCL was held. The organization was then organized into sector by profession (rail, banking, metallurgy, education, etc.
In 1979, the UTCL received the adhesion of Georges Fontenis and Daniel Guérin.
In 1980, UTCL merged with the Anarchist Combat Organization (French: Organisation combat anarchiste, OCA).
In 1986, during the protests against Alain Devaquet, the Young Libertarian Collective (French: Collectif jeunes libertaires, CJL) was born, which soon joined the UTCL.
During the 1980s, UTCL activists found themselves at the helm of several left-wing CFDT unions, opposed to the “refocusing” of the confederation.
In 1986, the UTCL railway workers, including Henri Célié and Christian Mahieux, played an important role in triggering the winter strikes at the SNCF, which for the first time saw the appearance of coordinating strikers. In 1987, it was still activists from the UTCL who participated in the start of the teachers' strike. In 1988, one found them in the strikes of the Post office which led to the exclusion of several combative CFDT unions, and to the birth of SUD-PTT. In 1989, the UTCL militants of the aviation sector were present in the violent strike of Air France.
The UTCL was for 15 years one of the far-left organizations most at the forefront in the emergence of alternative trade unionism which was to result, after the refocusing of the CFDT, in the creation of new radical unions (SLT in Usinor- Dunkirk, SNPIT at Air Inter, CRC in health, SUD at PTT, etc.).
In 1991, the UTCL and the CJL dissolved themselves, and their activists join Alternative libertaire.
# Novotroitskoye, Blagoveshchensky District, Amur Oblast

Novotroitskoye (Russian: Новотроицкое) is a rural locality (a selo) and the administrative center of Novotroitsky Selsoviet of Blagoveshchensky District, Amur Oblast, Russia. The population was 897 as of 2018. There are 24 streets.

## Geography

Novotroitskoye is located 29 km north of Blagoveshchensk (the district's administrative centre) by road. Belogorye is the nearest rural locality.
# Andriy Fartushnyak

Andriy Petrovych Fartushnyak (Ukrainian: Андрій Петрович Фартушняк; born 24 March 1989) is a Ukrainian retired professional footballer who played as a defender.

## Club career
### Early years

Fartushnyak is the product of the Vidradnyi Kyiv and Dynamo Kyiv youth system.

## International career
### Ukraine U21

Spotted by Pavlo Yakovenko, Fartushnyak was called up to the Ukraine national under-21 football team.
# Sarapardeh

Sarapardeh (Persian: سراپرده) is a tourism village in Sarbanan Rural District, in the Central District of Zarand County, north of Kerman Province, center of Iran. The old plantain of Sarapardeh is very big and is one of the things that is amazing for every tourist; it has 1500 years old (According to the elders of the village). There is a coal mine near this village that called Sarapardeh coal mine (Persian: معدن زغالسنگ سراپرده) and it is still active. At the 2016 census, its population was 62.