OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Vanarashi Vav

Vanarashi Vav is a stepwell located near Vavdi village of Ghogha Taluka, Bhavnagar district, Gujarat, India. Built in 1902, it was restored in 2019.

## History

The stepwell has following inscription: This Vanarashi Vav was built in Samvat 1958, Falgun Vad 5, Saturday (1902 AD), during the reign of Vavdi ruler Devani Nathubhai Godadbhai. It was built by Maganlal and Parmananddas, sons of Late Vanarashi Jadavji, for virtue of their father. He was a resident of Bhavnagar, Kapol Vanik by caste and of Munja Amravala family.
In 2018, it was proposed to be buried for the construction of the Bhavnagar-Veraval Highway. Following protest and opposition by villagers for one and half year, it was saved and a bridge was built over it. It was restored and inaugurated by Vijayrajsinh Gohil, the royal of erstwhile Bhavnagar State, on 19 May 2019, Sunday.

## Architecture

The stepwell is constructed in east-west direction; the entrance is in the west while the well is in the east.
It has carvings and arches.

## Gallery

* inside the stepwell
* At first landing in the stepwell
* Arches
# Ibrahim Hasan Murad

Ibrahim Hasan Murad (born February 1, 1992) is a Pakistani educationist, philanthropist and technocrat known for his association with the University of Management and Technology, Lahore. He served as a provincial minister in the caretaker government of Punjab, Pakistan. Murad oversaw four ministries - Local Government and Community Development, Mines and Minerals, Transport and Mass Transit, and Livestock and Dairy Development.
He was served as the caretaker minister of Local Government and Community Development and took various initiatives. He also served as the president of University of Management and Technology (UMT), a private sector university in Lahore.

## Biography

Murad is the son of Hasan Sohaib Murad, a Pakistani educationist and founder of the University of Management and Technology. He received his early education in Lahore at the International School of Choueifat.
He received his bachelor's degree in international business from Coventry University and a master's degree in educational leadership and management from the University of Warwick. He also took up a number of courses at the University of Western Ontario.
After completing his education, Murad joined UMT and served as the director of Academic Quality and Assessment. He also helped set up the Institute of Knowledge and Leadership, a talent development institution focused on the MENA region.
In 2018, he was nominated as the president of ILM Trust that oversees UMT and several other educational project. Through ILM Fund, Murad has awarded Rs.10 Billion in scholarships over the past few years.
Murad founded Sitara Hilal Foundation in 2018 to connect Pakistani children with patriotism.
As the minister for Local Government, Murad launched a province-wide youth volunteer registration campaign to improve government-youth coordination that resulted in registering 10,000 volunteers in two weeks.
He was awarded three ministries following a cabinet reshuffle in June 2023. As Minister for Local Government, Murad played a significant role in the turnaround of the department through digitising internal processes and basic public services, a crackdown on corruption, increasing revenue by tens of billions, ensuring better levels of cleanliness across the province and speeding up delayed infrastructure projects. Murad is also a member of the Executive Committee of the SIFC.
Murad is also a Member of the Advisory Board of the Markfield Institute of Higher Education, UK and a Member of the Board of Institute of Policy Studies.
He was also appointed as member of Punjab Advisory Council on Governance in 2019. Murad was also the founding chairman of the Pakistan Olympics Association Education Committee.
# RAF Appledram

Royal Air Force Appledram or more simply RAF Appledram is a former Royal Air Force Advanced Landing Ground 2.3 miles (3.7 km) southwest of Chichester, West Sussex, England and 12.2 miles (19.6 km) east of Portsmouth, Hampshire.

## History

Authorisation was given to build an Advanced Landing Ground south-west of Chichester and near the village of Apuldram in December 1942. Advanced Landing Grounds were temporary airfields with limited facilities intended for the upcoming invasion of France. A total of 23 Advanced Landing Grounds were built in the South and South-East of England in 1943–1944. Work began on the airfield in February 1943, with two runways made of Sommerfeld tracking being laid. Accommodation consisted largely of tents, with one Blister hangar and metal mesh hardstanding for aircraft added during the autumn/winter of 1943–44. The airfield was completed in May that year.
The first users of the airfield were the Hawker Typhoon fighters of three squadrons of 124 Airfield, (175, 181 and 182 Squadrons), which moved in on 2 June 1943. They carried out attacks against airfields, communications centres and radar stations before leaving for airfields in Kent early in July 1943, with the airfield temporarily being used for grazing farm animals.
The next user of the airfield was 134 Airfield, which consisted of the Czechoslovakian-manned, Supermarine Spitfire-equipped 310, 312 and 313 Squadrons, which moved in on 3 April 1944. The three squadrons carried out a mixture of fighter sweeps, bomber escort and attacks against V-weapon launch sites. On 6 June 1944, as Operation Overlord (the invasion of German-occupied Europe) took place, the wing's aircraft provided fighter cover over the beaches. These operations continuing until 22 June when the wing moved to RAF Tangmere to intercept V-1 flying bombs. The wing was replaced by the Polish-manned No. 131 Wing RAF (302, 308 and 317 Squadrons), which carried out ground attack operations in support of the advancing allied troops before leaving for RAF Ford on 16 July and then transferring to airfields in France.
RAF Appledram saw no further operational use, and it was released for farming in November 1944, with the hangar, runways and dispersals removed in January 1945.

## Posted units

* No. 175 Squadron RAF
* No. 181 Squadron RAF
* No. 182 Squadron RAF
* No. 302 Polish Fighter Squadron
* No. 308 Polish Fighter Squadron
* No. 310 Squadron RAF
* No. 312 (Czechoslovak) Squadron RAF
* No. 313 Squadron RAF
* No. 317 Polish Fighter Squadron

### Units

* No. 124 Airfield RAF (June - July 1943)
* No. 131 (Polish) (Fighter) Wing RAF (June - July 1944)
* No. 134 Airfield RAF (April 1944) became No. 134 (Czech) (Fighter) Wing RAF (May - June 1944)
* No. 411 (Polish) Repair & Salvage Unit (July - August 1944)
* No. 420 Repair & Salvage Unit (March - July 1944)
* No. 1312 Mobile Wing RAF Regiment
* No. 1315 Mobile Wing RAF Regiment
# Florian Bichler

Florian 'Bichi' Bichler (born July 18, 1991) is a German footballer who plays for TSV Steinbach Haiger.
Though two-footed, he is predominantly a left-sided midfielder. He is 172 cm (5 feet 8+3⁄4 inches) tall and weighs 70 kg (154 lbs). His nickname is Bichi.

## Career

He made his debut for SpVgg Unterhaching in April 2013, as a substitute for Dominik Rohracker in a 1–0 defeat to Rot-Weiss Erfurt in the 3. Liga.
He joined SpVgg Unterhaching for a fee of €75,000 from SpVgg Greuther Fürth II on 1 January 2013. Prior to that, he played for TSV 1860 Rosenheim.
# Batashyurt

Batashyurt (Russian: Баташюрт; Kumyk: Баташ-юрт, Bataş-yurt) is a rural locality (a selo) in Khasavyurtovsky District, Republic of Dagestan, Russia. 4,268 (2021 Census); 3,536 (2002 Census); 2,248 (1989 Soviet census). There are 47 streets.

## Geography

Batashyurt is located 11 km northwest of Khasavyurt (the district's administrative centre) by road. Osmanyurt is the nearest rural locality.
# Cruciverbalist

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# Moghul, Iran

Moghul (Persian: مغول, also Romanized as Moghūl) is a village in Kenarporuzh Rural District, in the Central District of Salmas County, West Azerbaijan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 622, in 119 families.
# Peugeot Type 7

The Peugeot Type 7 was built on the same chassis as the Peugeot Type 6 and shared some mechanicals but its engine was twice the size, and twice as powerful. It had a phaeton style body for 4 persons. 25 units were built between 1894 and 1897. The engine was carried over to the Type 8.

## Description

The 1,282 cc V-twin Daimler engine was mounted at the back, and produced 3.7 hp. The cooling radiator was mounted at the front of the vehicle and the coolant flowed within the chassis tubing. Transmission was via a cone clutch, 4 speed gearbox and chains propelling the rear wheels. Some models had steel wire wheels with rubber tyres and others had wooden wheels. The weight was circa 650 kg and top speed was 18-20 km/h.

## Competition

In 1894 Peugeot entered the 'Le Petit Journal' Competition for Horseless Carriages that ran from Paris to Rouen with several Type 5's and 7s. Albert Lemaître's Type 7 Phaeton was the first petrol powered vehicle to finish, 3 minutes behind Jules-Albert, Comte de Dion on his steam powered tractor.
In 1895, a Peugeot Type 7 driven by Paul Koechlin with Rubichon as a mechanic, won the Paris–Bordeaux–Paris race.
# Sylvester Shchedrin

Sylvester Feodosiyevich Shchedrin (Russian: Сильвестр Феодосиевич Щедрин; 13 February 1791 – 8 November 1830) was a Russian landscape painter.

## Biography

Sylvester Shchedrin was born in St. Petersburg into the family of the famous sculptor Feodosiy Shchedrin, rector of the Imperial Academy of Arts. The landscape painter Semion Shchedrin was his uncle. In 1800, Sylvester Shchedrin entered the Imperial Academy of Arts in St. Petersburg, where he studied landscape paintings. Among his teachers were his uncle, Semion Shchedrin, Fyodor Alekseyev, M.M. Ivanov and Thomas de Thomon. In 1811 he graduated with several awards including the Large Gold Medal for his painting View from Petrovsky Island that gave him a scholarship to study abroad.
Sylvester left for Italy in 1818, delayed due to the Napoleonic Wars. In Italy, he studied the old masters in Rome; went to Naples to paint watercolors ordered by Grand Duke Mikhail Pavlovich of Russia; then returned to Rome. The biggest achievement of that period was New Rome. Castel Sant'Angelo (1823). It was such a great success that he painted 8-10 variations of the painting, each from a slightly different angle and with different details. His pension ended in 1823, but he decided to stay abroad as a freelance painter. In 1825 he finished his work Lake of Albano that was a new step in his movement to natural composition. In this painting he relaxed the boundary between subject and background, and moved from using formal colors.
Shchedrin had many commissions and grew to become a well-known artist in Italy. He lived in Rome and Naples, working en plein air, drawing bays and cliffs and views of small towns and fishermen villages. One of his favorite motifs were terraces in vines with a view of the sea. Referred as the images of the "Midday Paradis". At the end of the 1820s, Shchedrin began to draw uneasy, almost nightmarish nocturnal landscapes, which may have been inspired by his gradually declining health. He died in Sorrento in 1830. In a sense, the works of Shchedrin concluded a period of development of Russian art and started a new period.
Shchedrin influenced not only Russian art but Italian art as well. He was one of the founders of the so-called Posillipo school. Many of his works are in Italian museums while some were returned to Russia. Shchedrin's letters full of important artistic observations were published as a book (Shchedrin Letters from Italy) in 1932 and reprinted in 1978.

## Works

* New Rome. Castel Sant'Angelo (1823)
* Lake of Albano (1825)
* Terrace on the Seashore
* Marina Grande, Capri
* Moonlit Night in Naples
* Balcony in Sorrento
# Chapel of Saint Vincent de Paul, Jerusalem

The St. Vincent de Paul Chapel (Hebrew: מנזר סן ונסן דה פול) is a Catholic chapel that serves the Hospice of St. Vincent de Paul in Jerusalem. It is dedicated to the founder of the Daughters of Charity who also run a hospital and an adjoining nursery. This is one of the largest Catholic churches in the city. The sisters are present in the Holy Land since 1884.
The chapel was built in the Romanesque Revival style. The nave is delimited by Neo-Romanesque pillars from the side aisles.
# Yagurg

Yagurg (Persian: يگورگ, also Romanized as Yagūrg; also known as Yūrek and Yūrg) is a village in Quri Chay-ye Gharbi Rural District, Saraju District, Maragheh County, East Azerbaijan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 72, in 15 families.
# Haris Brkić

Haris Brkić (Serbian: Харис Бркић; July 24, 1974 – December 15, 2000) was a Yugoslavian basketball player. He achieved greatest results in Partizan and he is still remembered by fans for his great contribution to the club.

## Club career

Born to a Bosniak father, Ismet and a Serb mother, Radmila, Brkić started playing basketball when he was 10 years old in Bosna from Sarajevo.
In spring 1992, with the outbreak of the Bosnian War, seventeen-year-old Brkić fled to Serbia where he initially stayed with his maternal grandmother in Požarevac. Within weeks, a tryout was arranged with KK Partizan and the player got added to the club's youth team. Simultaneously, the club's full squad led by the debutante head coach Željko Obradović and coaching consultant Aleksandar Nikolić had just won the Euroleague title at the Final Four in Istanbul. Training in the club's youth system for the last few months of the 1991-92 season, Brkić didn't see any action with the full squad.
In the summer of 1992, Brkić got sent out on loan to KK Borac Čačak where his professional career began in earnest.
A year later, he returned to Belgrade, beginning the 1993–94 season with the Partizan first team led by the also newly arrived head coach Željko Lukajić. Brkić played for Partizan in the next six seasons, winning three national championships and three domestic cups. Haris was one of the best players in Partizan team which played in 1997–98 EuroLeague Final Four.
During the 1999–2000, season he played for Budućnost Podgorica where he won Yugoslav league once again. Brkić started the 2000–01 season at Podgorica, but in November 2000 came back to Partizan. After his comeback to Belgrade he played just three more games for Partizan.

## National team
### Youth

Brkić was a member of the Yugoslav national junior team that won the bronze medal at the 1996 FIBA Europe Under-20 Championship in Turkey. Playing in the team led by head coach Rajko Toroman, together with Partizan teammates Predrag Drobnjak and Dragan Lukovski as well as Vlado Šćepanović and Jovo Stanojević, Brkić averaged 11.0 points per game over seven games at the championship.

### Senior

Brkić suited up for the Yugoslav national basketball team in several preparation friendly games, never managing to make the final cut for the big competitions.

## Death

On December 12, 2000, Brkić left a practice session early after not feeling well. He was shot by an unknown assailant while unlocking his car at the parking lot in front of Pionir Hall in Belgrade. Haris died three days later. As of July 2022, it is still not known who had killed him.
Every summer, his former teams Bosna, Partizan, and Budućnost organize a memorial tournament. Grobari, fans of Partizan, often chant during Partizan games: "You left us Haris, only sadness remains, you will be always loved by Grobari from South stand!"
On the 18th of December 2023, an episode of "Na mestu zločina sa Mašanom" (At the crime scene with Mašan) was released, covering the death of Haris.
# David Danko

David Danko (born 16 November 1992) is a German footballer who plays as a midfielder for Tennis Borussia Berlin.
# Tuboltsy

Tuboltsy (Russian: Тубольцы) is a rural locality (a selo) in Pochepsky District, Bryansk Oblast, Russia. In the 19th century the village was part of Staroselskaya volost, Mglinsky Uyezd, Chernigov Governorate. The population was 95 as of 2013. There are 2 streets.

## Geography

Tuboltsy is located 21 km southwest of Pochep (the district's administrative centre) by road. Mashkovo is the nearest rural locality.
# Chah Varz District

Chah Varz District (Persian: بخش چاه‌ورز) is in Lamerd County, Fars province, Iran. Its capital is the city of Chah Varz.

## History

In 2013, Chah Varz Rural District was separated from the Central District in the formation of Chah Varz District. After the 2016 National Census, the village of Chah Varz was elevated to the status of a city.

## Demographics
### Population

At the time of the 2016 census, the district's population was 7,010 inhabitants in 2,011 households.

### Administrative divisions

Chah Varz District Population :
| Administrative Divisions | 2016 |
| Chah Varz RD | 4,181 |
| Sheykh Amer RD | 2,829 |
| Chah Varz (city) | |
| Total | 7,010 |
| RD = Rural District ||
# Kızıltepe, İmranlı

Kızıltepe is a village in the İmranlı District of Sivas Province in Turkey. It is populated by Kurds and had a population of 67 in 2023.
# Dmitriyevo, Melenkovsky District, Vladimir Oblast

Dmitriyevo (Russian: Дмитриево) is a rural locality (a village) in Danilovskoye Rural Settlement, Melenkovsky District, Vladimir Oblast, Russia. The population was 12 as of 2010.

## Geography

Dmitriyevo is located on the Charmus River, 44 km (27 mi) west of Melenki (the district's administrative centre) by road. Vasilyevsky is the nearest rural locality.
# Hoseynabad, Khomeyn

Hoseynabad (Persian: حسين اباد, also Romanized as Ḩoseynābād and Hosein Abad) is a village in Ashna Khvor Rural District, in the Central District of Khomeyn County, Markazi Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 236, in 53 families.
# Club Eden

Club Eden was the first electronic dance music club in Africa. Located at 54 Waterkant street in Cape Town, South Africa.
Eden opened 1990 on Friday 29 November and ran for only one successful season, introducing a new era in nightlife for South Africa. It was conceived and founded by the UFO collective and a group of private investors.
Inspired by the Second Summer of Love and rise of acid house music in the United Kingdom, Eden played a role in the early social re-integration of Cape Town nightlife, laying foundations for a post-apartheid club generation. Eden's introduction of Techno into the South African music scene helped lay the foundations for what later became Kwaito and the emerging Msanzi House Music scene.
# RAF Ashbourne

Royal Air Force Ashbourne, or more simply RAF Ashbourne, is a former Royal Air Force station located approximately 1.5 miles (2.4 km) south-east of the town of Ashbourne, Derbyshire, England.
It was opened on 12 June 1942, before closing on 23 August 1954.

## Construction

Construction of the airfield began in late 1941 to Class-A bomber standards comprising three paved runways (concrete and woodchip surface) in an "leaning A" formation, 30 "frying-pan" style hard standings, four T2 hangars, a control tower and assorted technical buildings. Although at 610 feet (190 m) AMSL the altitude of the area was above the ceiling height for construction of airfields, the necessity of defensive installations during the Second World War overrode this condition.

## History

Ashbourne was home to Armstrong Whitworth Whitley, Armstrong Whitworth Albemarle and Bristol Blenheim aircraft.
Originally planned as a satellite installation of RAF Seighford for Vickers Wellington bombers, due to the unsuitability of altitude and local weather it was relegated to a training role with its own satellite of RAF Darley Moor.
Post war it was used for storage and maintenance of ordnance where the bombs were stored along the runways.

## Based units

There were three small units in operation based at Ashbourne:
* Relief Landing Ground for No. 18 (Pilots) Advanced Flying Unit RAF (March 1945)
* No. 42 Operational Training Unit RAF (OTU) (October 1943)
* No. 81 OTU (July 1942 – January 1944)
* Sub site of No. 28 Maintenance Unit RAF (May 1945 – August 1954)

## Current use

The western half of the site is now an industrial estate, appropriately named Airfield Industrial Estate. The northern half has been used by JCB as a test and demonstration ground for various earth moving products but is now deserted. The north western part of the airfield is now a housing estate.
On the South-East side, part of one runway remains usable, and a 2017 document mentioned 5 aeroplanes based.
# Ramla Museum

The Ramla Museum (Hebrew: מוזיאון רמלה) is a museum in Ramla, Central District, Israel.

## History

The museum building was originally constructed in 1922 during the Mandate for Palestine. It was opened as a museum in 2001.

## Exhibitions

The museum exhibits the history of Ramla, which is divided into the daily life, commerce, ethnic and arts.

## Transportation

The mosque is accessible within walking distance south of Ramla Station of Israel Railways.
# Alison Young (journalist)

Alison Young is an American journalist. She is the Curtis B. Hurley Chair in Public Affairs Reporting at the University of Missouri.
She has worked for USA Today, the Detroit Free Press, and The Atlanta Journal-Constitution.
She received three National Press Club Awards, three Scripps Howard Awards, three Gerald Loeb Awards, the Hillman Prize, a Sigma Delta Chi Award, and an Alfred I. duPont-Columbia University Award. Several awards were granted for her story "Ghost Factories" about the health effects of lead-contaminated soil.
Young was president of Investigative Reporters and Editors.
In 2023, she authored the book Pandora's Gamble Lab Leaks, Pandemics, and a World at Risk about the history of biological leaks from research institutions.
# Briazkalnytsia

The briazkaltsia (Ukrainian: брязкальця) is a Ukrainian folk instrument consisting of copper or brass plates strung from a wire. In the past it was made of silver. When the instrument was shaken, it produced a jingling sound reminiscent of small bells. The instrument is now no longer used.
Hornbostel-Sachs classification number 112.11
# Jerusalem March

Jerusalem March (Hebrew: צעדת ירושלים) is an annual march in Jerusalem that takes place during the week-long festival of Sukkot.

## History

The event was inaugurated in 1955. In 2012, 30,000 marchers took part in the event, which draws participants from all over the country as well as many international delegations. 6,000 Christian supporters of Israel also marched through the streets of Jerusalem, singing Hatikva and wishing the Israeli spectators a happy holiday.
The march has a number of routes, the main one running from Kikar Safra in downtown Jerusalem to Gan Sacher, one of the city's largest public parks.
The International Christian Embassy Jerusalem, a pro-Israel Evangelical Christian group, holds its annual conference on Sukkot and conference participants, many in national costumes, take part in the march.
The two largest delegations at the Jerusalem March in 2018 were Brazil, with 900 members, and Ivory Coast, with 500.

## Gallery

* Jerusalem March 2022
* Jerusalem March, 2007
* Chinese delegation marching in downtown Jerusalem
* African delegation marching in Jerusalem, 1962