OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# João Manuel (bishop of Guarda)

João Manuel (Lisbon, c. 1416 – December 1476) was a religious Carmelite, Bishop of Ceuta (1443-1459) and Bishop of Guarda (1459-1476). Although some genealogists claimed that he was the son of Edward, King of Portugal and Joana Manuel de Vilhena, great-granddaughter of Juan Manuel, Prince of Villena, Anselmo Braamcamp Freire dismisses such filiation and provides sufficient arguments against it.
João Manuel joined the Carmelites in 1441 to become provincial of the Order in Portugal. He was made titular Bishop of Tiberias at the same time by Pope Eugene IV. He was also the ambassador to Hungary. In 1443, he was appointed Bishop of Ceuta and primate of Africa. In 1450, he became chaplain to King Afonso V of Portugal. Finally, in 1459, he was appointed Bishop of Guarda, a town in which he never actually lived.
From a relationship he had with a Justa Rodrigues, he had two sons, who served Alfonso V and John II of Portugal during their reigns: João Manuel (1466-1500), mayor of Santarém, and Nuno Manuel (1469- after 1500), Lord of Salvaterra de Magos.
He is buried at the Carmo Church (Portuguese: Igreja do Carmo) located at the Carmo Convent (Portuguese: Convento da Ordem do Carmo), a medieval convent later ruined in the 1755 Lisbon earthquake.
# Ozorów

Ozorów is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Skórzec, within Siedlce County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately 18 kilometres (11 mi) west of Siedlce and 72 km (45 mi) east of Warsaw.
# Grom-class destroyer

The Grom-class destroyers were two destroyers, built for the Polish Navy by the British company of J. Samuel White, Cowes. They were laid down in 1935 and commissioned in 1937. The two Groms were some of the fastest and most heavily armed destroyers of World War II.

## Design

Despite having ordered its previous pair of destroyers (ORP Burza and ORP Wicher) from France, a country with which it had strong ties, Poland decided to acquire the second pair from the United Kingdom, possibly in recognition of the excellence of British destroyer designs at the time. The selected design resulted in large and powerful ships, superior to German and Soviet destroyers of the time, and comparable to the famous British Tribal class of 1936.
The main armament was changed from the 130 mm used on the Wicher-class destroyer to the standard British destroyer calibre of 4.7 inch (120 mm). However, the guns were not British, but were instead Swedish Bofors 50cal QF M34/36, the same as those used previously on the minelayer ORP Gryf.

### Original Grom class

There were two ships built:
* ORP Grom - Sunk on 4 May 1940 in Ofotfjord near Narvik
* ORP Blyskawica - Currently preserved as a museum ship in Gdynia

### Improved Grom class

Two more ships of this class (Huragan and Orkan) were ordered in 1939 to be built in Gdynia, but war broke out soon after the first was laid down. They would have been the first major modern warships to be built in Poland.

## Operational service

Just before the war broke out, the two destroyers were evacuated to Britain to fight alongside the Royal Navy. Since they were designed for Baltic operations, they had to be modified to improve stability to operate in the rough waters of the North Sea and the Atlantic. Grom was sunkin 1940 and in December 1941 Błyskawica, had its 4.7 inch guns replaced by eight 4-inch (102 mm) guns in twin mountings. Various other modifications of armaments and sensors were made during the war.
# Theodoric I, Margrave of Lusatia

Theodoric I (German: Dietrich von Landsberg; c. 1130 – 9 February 1185), a member of the House of Wettin, was Margrave of Lusatia from 1156 until his death.

## Life

Theoderic was the second surviving son of the Wettin margrave Conrad of Meissen. His older brother Otto was born in 1125. Historians considered that between Otto and Theodoric two daughters of Conrad were born, so Theodoric was born no earlier than in 1128. According to Kazimierz Jasiński, a Polish historian, Theodoric was born probably around 1130.
When his father retired in 1156 and was succeeded by his eldest son Otto II in Meissen, Theoderic received the Lusatian march (Orientalis marchio) formerly held by Henry of Groitzsch, including the castles of Eilenburg and Landsberg, from the hands of the Hohenstaufen emperor Frederick Barbarossa.
He married Dobroniega, daughter of the Polish Duke Bolesław III Wrymouth and his second wife Salomea of Berg. She gave him a son, Conrad, who predeceased him, and a daughter, Gertruda, who became a nun. An illegitimate son Theodoric, by a mistress named Cunigunde, widowed Countess of Plötzkau, was legitimated on 12 May 1203 and became Bishop of Merseburg in 1204.
Though Theodoric at times called himself a "Margrave of Landsberg", a corresponding political entity was not established before 1261 by the Wettin margrave Henry III of Meissen. In 1165, Theodoric with the support of Bishop Werner of Płock founded Dobrilugk Abbey as a family monastery. He remained a firm supporter of Emperor Frederick Barbarossa in the 1157 campaign against High Duke Bolesław IV the Curly of Poland and again accompanied him on his Italian campaign of 1176/77 against the cities of the Lombard League. In the conflict with Henry the Lion, he actively fought the Saxon duke together with Archbishop Wichmann of Magdeburg and his brothers Margrave Otto II and Dedi of Groitzsch.
While staying at the emperor's court at Mainz in 1184, Theodoric fell seriously ill and died the next year. He was buried at Petersberg Abbey, as the construction of the Dobrilugk monastery was still not finished. Emperor Frederick enfeoffed his margraviate to his younger brother Dedi upon his death.

## Footnotes

* ↑ Jasiński, Kazimierz (1992). Rodowód pierwszych Piastów. Warszawa - Wrocław: Uniwersytet Wrocławski - Oficyna Wydawnicza VOLUMEN. p. 251. ISBN 83-85218-32-7.
* 1 2 3 Jasiński, Kazimierz (1992). Rodowód pierwszych Piastów. Warszawa - Wrocław: Uniwersytet Wrocławski - Oficyna Wydawnicza VOLUMEN. p. 254. ISBN 83-85218-32-7.

## Sources

Theodoric I, Margrave of Lusatia House of WettinBorn: 1118 Died: 9 February 1185 :
| Preceded byConrad | Margrave of Lusatia 1156–1185 | Succeeded byDedi III |
# Cortona Cathedral

Cortona Cathedral (Italian: Duomo di Cortona, Concattedrale di Santa Maria Assunta) is a Roman Catholic cathedral in Cortona, Tuscany, central Italy, dedicated to the Assumption of the Virgin Mary. It was the seat of the Bishops of Cortona from 1507 to 1986, and is now a co-cathedral in the present Diocese of Arezzo-Cortona-Sansepolcro.

## History

The church was built over the remains of an ancient Roman temple and is mentioned (as a pieve, or plebeian church) in the 11th century. In 1325 the diocese of Cortona was created from the territory of the diocese of Arezzo, but the present cathedral was not chosen at that date as the episcopal seat, although the adjoining building was used as the bishop's residence.
In 1507 Pope Julius II resolved the anomaly and transferred the bishop's seat from the sub-urban church of San Vincenzo. As if in preparation for its new importance, the interior had been refurbished in the late 15th century.

## Description

The appearance of the original medieval church is mostly hidden by later additions, such as the 18th century barrel vaulted ceiling in the nave, which was repainted in the late 19th century by the local artist Giovanni Brunacci; in the same period the oval windows, the triumphal arch and the pavement were also added or remade. The oldest elements visible are in the Romanesque façade - a pier with capital, and small columns at the corners, and part of the large arcade.
The church has a central nave and two aisles, divided by columns with Brunelleschi-inspired capitals. The south side has a loggia built in the late 16th century. The bell tower dates from the middle of the same century.
Artworks in the interior include an Adoration of the Shepherds by Pietro da Cortona and assistants (c. 1663), a Consecration of the Church of the Holy Saviour by Andrea Commodi (1607, brought here in the late 18th century) and a Descent of the Holy Spirit by Tommaso Bernabei (1528-1529). The town's Diocesan Museum houses works formerly in the cathedral, including Pietro Lorenzetti's Maestà (before 1320), and a tapestry and a reliquary from the period of the Renaissance.
# W. V. V. B. Ramalingam

Wunnava Venkata Varaha Buchi Ramalingam was an Indian independence activist from Berhampur in the Ganjam district of the erstwhile Madras Presidency of British India. He was a mathematics teacher and vice-principal at Khallikote College, president of the Bengal and Nagpur Railway Associations and also a road contractor.
# Kourakis

Kourakis (Greek: Κουράκης) is a Greek surname. It is the surname of:
* Chris Kourakis (born 1958), Greek-Australian lawyer and Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of South Australia.
* Tasos Kourakis (1948–2021), Greek cardiologist and Education minister of Greece.
# Matysová

Matysová (Rusyn: Матисова, romanized: Matysova; Hungarian: Máté) is a village and municipality in Stará Ľubovňa District in the Prešov Region of northern Slovakia.

## History

In historical records the village was first mentioned in 1408. Before the establishment of independent Czechoslovakia in 1918, Matysová was part of Sáros County within the Kingdom of Hungary. From 1939 to 1945, it was part of the Slovak Republic. On 24 January 1945, the Red Army dislodged the Wehrmacht from Matysová and it was once again part of Czechoslovakia.

## Geography

The municipality lies at an altitude of 600 metres and covers an area of 10.430 km$^2$. It has a population of about 78 people.
# Struggle Front for the National Independence of Guinea

The Struggle Front for the National Independence of Guinea (Portuguese: Frente de Luta pela Independência Nacional da Guiné, FLING) was a political movement in Guinea-Bissau. Founded by groups opposed to the Marxist doctrine of Amílcar Cabral and the African Party for the Independence of Guinea and Cape Verde (PAIGC), FLING played a minor role in the national liberation struggle against Portuguese colonial rule.
The national trade union federation União Geral dos Trabalhadores de Guiné Bissau was linked to FLING in the pre-independence period.

## History

FLING was founded in Dakar, Senegal on 3 August 1962 as an alliance of seven parties, including the Liberation Movement of Guinea, the Guinean People's Union and the Union of Natives of Portuguese Guinea. Unlike the rival PAIGC, it called for the separation of Guinea-Bissau and the Cape Verde islands, and gained support from Manjack diaspora in Senegal, France and Gambia.
It conducted some military action around the northern border near Susana and São Domingos in the early 1960s, but after resisting attempts from the Organisation of African Unity to merge with the PAIGC, the organisation played little part in the war of independence. The PAIGC saw FLING as a threat and its members were violently persecuted, and in certain cases, murdered.
When multi-party politics was introduced in the 1990s, FLING was legalised on 24 May 1992. It contested the 1994 general elections and won a seat in the National People's Assembly. In the presidential elections it put forward François Mendy, who had been its leader since the 1960s. Mendy came fifth with 3% of the vote, but took the party's sole Assembly seat.
A leadership crisis saw José Catengul Mendes become leader by the 1999 elections. The party lost its seat in the Assembly, and Mendes came tenth in the presidential election with just 1.4% of the vote. In 2003 the party joined the United Platform alliance, which contested the 2004 Assembly elections, but failed to win a seat.
# Pajewo-Szwelice

Pajewo-Szwelice is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Gołymin-Ośrodek, within Ciechanów County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately 10 kilometres (6 mi) north-west of Gołymin-Ośrodek, 9 km (6 mi) east of Ciechanów, and 74 km (46 mi) north of Warsaw.According to the National Census of Population and Housing from 2011, the population in the village of Pajewo-Szwelice is 52, of which 48.1% of the population are women, and 51.9% of the population are male. The town is inhabited by 1.3% of the inhabitants of the commune. The identifier of the Pajewo-Szwelice locality in the SIMC system is 0115275.
# Yeshurun Central Synagogue

The Yeshurun Central Synagogue (Hebrew: בית הכנסת המרכזי ישורון) is an Orthodox Jewish congregation and synagogue, located on Biluim Street, in Gedera, Israel. It was the first synagogue to be built in the town, completed during the time of the Biluim, forerunners of the kibbutz movement 1882 from the Russian Empire. Before the synagogue was built, the first settlers used a shack as a synagogue. The current synagogue was built in 1912 on the same exact location of the former shack.

## Etymology

Yeshurun or Jeshurun is a poetic name for Israel (Deut. 32:15;), the Land of Israel (Deut. 33:5;), or the Patriarch Jacob (Genesis 32:29)
# Cham-e Dehqan

Cham-e Dehqan (Persian: چم دهقان, also Romanized as Cham-e Dehqān) is a village in Howmeh-ye Sharqi Rural District, in the Central District of Ramhormoz County, Khuzestan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 16, in 4 families.
# Iain Bain

Iain Bain (1934-2018) FSA was a Scottish historian of printing. He worked at Unwin Brothers and then was production manager at Bodley Head and lastly as head of publications at the Tate Gallery. He was president of the Thomas Bewick Society and of the Printing Historical Society. In his youth he was Scottish hammer champion at school and at university.
# Banuta

Banuta (pronounced; Hungarian: Bánuta) is a small settlement north of Lendava in the Prekmurje region of Slovenia.
# Jelle de Louw

Jelle de Louw (born 23 July 1997) is a Dutch football player who last played for FC Den Bosch.

## Club career

He made his professional debut in the Eerste Divisie for FC Den Bosch on 8 May 2015 in a game against Almere City FC.
# Artem Tatarevich

Artem Tatarevich (Belarusian: Арцём Татарэвiч; Russian: Артём Татаревич; born 28 January 1992) is a Belarusian professional footballer who plays for Volna Pinsk.

## Honours

Dinamo Brest
* Belarusian Cup winner: 2016–17
# Ian Burns (footballer)

Ian Burns (19 April 1939 – 6 December 2015) was a Scottish professional football right-half who played for Aberdeen and Brechin City.

## Career statistics
### Appearances and goals by club, season and competition

| Club | Season | League | League | League | Scottish Cup | Scottish Cup | League Cup | League Cup | Europe | Europe | Total | Total |
| Club | Season | Division | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals |
| Aberdeen | 1957-58 | Scottish Division One | 13 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 7 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 20 | 5 |
| Aberdeen | 1958-59 | Scottish Division One | 21 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 6 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 30 | 0 |
| Aberdeen | 1959-60 | Scottish Division One | 22 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 26 | 0 |
| Aberdeen | 1960-61 | Scottish Division One | 21 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 6 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 29 | 1 |
| Aberdeen | 1961-62 | Scottish Division One | 19 | 0 | 4 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 26 | 0 |
| Aberdeen | 1962-63 | Scottish Division One | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Aberdeen | 1963-64 | Scottish Division One | 26 | 0 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 30 | 0 |
| Aberdeen | 1964-65 | Scottish Division One | 18 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 23 | 0 |
| Aberdeen | 1965-66 | Scottish Division One | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 6 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 8 | 0 |
| Aberdeen | Total | Total | 142 | 2 | 16 | 0 | 34 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 192 | 6 |
# Petar Stapov

Petar Ivanov Stapov (Bulgarian: Петър Иванов Стъпов; July 25, 1910 – January 18, 1992) was a Bulgarian writer, poet, teacher, librarian, cultural activist, and editor of literary periodical publications. He was one of the founders of the Union of Bulgarian Writers and writer for the National Theater for the Village. He wrote historical novels, novellas, short stories, and other novels.

## Biography

Stapov was born on 25 July 1910 in Eski Cuma where he received his primary and lower secondary education. In 1925 he entered the Pedagogical School in Shumen. Two of his poems appeared in 1928 in the "Globe" (Sofia).
After his graduation in 1930 he worked as an elementary school teacher in his home district. Between December 15, 1930 and February 20, 1942 he was working at the "Напредък" as librarian and director of amateur theatrical troupe, and edited local papers: "Обществена трибуна", "Нови дни", "Хоризонт", "Напредък", "Подем" and others. He was elected to the board of the Union of Writers of the province on March 3, 1934. In 1936 Stapov became secretary at the district community center in Targovishte. In June 1945 he became Chief Editor of the newspaper "Септемврийче", a post he held on to until January 1950. 1946/47 he was editor of literary newspaper "Лост" and "Стожер". From 15 February 1951 to January 1953 he worked as a playwright at the National City Theatre in Sofia. In the years 1954 to 1957 he was Secretary of the department "Children writers" of the Bulgarian Writers' Union. In 1957 he was one of the founders and until 1971 the assistant chief editor of the journal "Картинна галерия". He retired in 1972. In 1973 he became a member of the National Committee for Sobriety
He died in Sofia on January 18, 1992.
# Josef Schiller

Josef Schiller (16 June 1877, in Ringelsheim (Bohemia) – 1960) was an Austrian phycologist and hydrobiologist.
He studied natural sciences at the University of Vienna, earning his doctorate in 1905. Afterwards he was an assistant at the zoological station in Trieste (1905-1910), where he developed an expertise involving benthic algae and phytoplankton. From 1918 he worked as a lecturer of botanical hydrobiology at the University of Vienna, and in 1927 he became an associate professor on the aforementioned subject.
He was a visiting scientist at marine stations in Helgoland, Ragusa, Spolato and Rovigno d'Istria, giving classes in botanical hydrobiology. Later in his career, he conducted research in the field of apiology, being known for his studies on the physiological differences between summer and winter bees. From 1938 to 1947, he was in charge of the investigative body for infectious bee diseases at Vienna's University of Veterinary Medicine.
The genera Schilleriella, Schillerochloris and Schilleriomonas are named after him, as is the algae species Entodictyon schilleri, named in Schiller's honor by Victor Félix Schiffner (1862-1944).

## Selected published works

* "Vorläufige Ergebnisse der Phytoplankton-Untersuchungen auf den Fahrten S. M. S. "Najade" in der Adria 1911/12. I. Die Coccolithophoriden", (1913) - Preliminary results of phytoplankton studies undertaken on voyages of the SMS "Naiad" in the Adriatic in 1911/12, The coccolithophores.
* "Österreichische Adriaforschung: Bericht Über Die Allgemeinen Biologischen Verhältnisse Der Flora Des Adriatischen Meeres", 1914 - Austrian Adriatic research: Report on the general biological conditions of flora from the Adriatic Sea.
* "Die planktonischen Vegetationen des adriatischen Meeres", 1926 - Planktonic vegetation of the Adriatic Sea.
* "Dinoflagellatae": Dr. L. Rabenhorst's Kryptogamen-Flora von Deutschland, Österreich und der Schweiz, Volume 2, (1933).
* "Flagellatae: Dinoflagellatae in monographischer Behandlung, Parts 2-3", (1937) - Flagellatae: A monographic treatment of Dinoflagellatae.
* "Untersuchungen an den planktischen Protophyten des Neusiedler Sees 1950-1954" -Investigations of planktonic Protophyta of Lake Neusiedl from 1950 to 1954.
Schiller issued the exsiccata Algae Adriaticae exsiccatae and superseding series, in parts with Hermann Josef Cammerloher and Gustav Seefeldner.
# Avetik Grigoryan

Avetik Nikolayi Grigoryan (Armenian: Ավետիք Նիկոլայի Գրիգորյան, born January 27, 1989) is an Armenian chess Grandmaster (2008). He was born in Yerevan, Armenia in 1989. He achieved his International Master title at the age of 18 and became a Grandmaster at 19. He is the founder and CEO of ChessMood, a chess education company.

## Achievements

* 2004, 2006, 2007: Won Armenian Youth Championship
* 2006: Won Yerevan Rapid Chess Cup
* 2006: Second at European Rapid Chess Championship
* 2007: Fourth at World Youth Chess Championship, under-18
* 2008: Second at Belgorod Open
* 2008: Second at Fajr Open
* 2010: Won Armenian Chess Championship
* 2010: Won the Bansko Grand Chess Open
* 2011: Tied for 3rd–15th in the open section of the 15th Corsican Circuit
* 2012: Won the Pavlodar Open
* 2015-2016: Director at Yerevan Arabkir Children and Youth Chess School
* 2017- 2018: Coach of Thailand Chess National Team
* From 2003: Member of Kung Fu Federation of Armenia
He competed in the 2010 Chess Olympiad.
# The Jewel (2011 film)

The Jewel (Italian: Il gioiellino) is a 2011 Italian drama film directed by Andrea Molaioli. The film was mainly shot in Acqui Terme and its surroundings, including the ancient palace former seat of the Court, and in Turin. Other shots were taken in New York, Moscow-Russia.

## Cast

* Toni Servillo as Ernesto Botta
* Remo Girone as Amanzio Rastelli
* Sarah Felberbaum as Laura Aliprandi
* Fausto Maria Sciarappa as Franco Schianchi
* Lino Guanciale as Filippo Magnaghi
* Vanessa Compagnucci as Barbara Magnaghi
* Lisa Galantini as Segretaria
* Renato Carpentieri as Crusco
* Gianna Paola Scaffidi as Augusta Rastelli
* Maurizio Marchetti as Giulio Fontana
* Igor Chernevich as Igor Yashenko
* Jay O. Sanders as Mr. Rothman
# Unity Committee

The Unity Committee (Bulgarian: Единство Комитет, romanized: Edinstvo Komitet, Macedonian: Комитет Единство, romanized: Komitet Edinstvo) was an organization supporting the Bulgarian population of Thrace and Macedonia, remained within the Ottoman Empire after the division of the San Stefano Bulgaria and the decision of the Berlin Treaty. First Committee "Unity" was established on August 29, 1878, in Veliko Tarnovo. Its main objective was enshrined in the Constitutive protocol: Unity of all Bulgarians and their wellness today. The initiative for this belonged to Lyuben Karavelov, Stefan Stambolov and Hristo Ivanov - Golemia. The goal of this new committee was to create such committees around the country of Bulgaria. Soon after Edinstvo was formed in Tarnovo, steps were taken to spread it to all towns in Bulgaria and Eastern Rumelia as well. People were also sent to Macedonia. As a consequence the Kresna-Razlog Uprising was organized.
# San Gabriel, Jalisco

San Gabriel is a town and municipality, in Jalisco in central-western Mexico 141 km from the capital of Guadalajara (formerly Ciudad Venustiano Carranza). The municipality covers an area of 746.1 km². It was the birthplace of Mexican actor José Mojica, with the main street carrying his name. Its delegations include Jiquilpan and other surrounding towns. As of 1 October 2021, David Rafael Valencia García, of the Citizens' Movement, holds power as municipal president. The towns economy is mostly agricultural/commercial, but services, as is in the rest of Mexico are rapidly becoming part of the mainstream economy. Tourism remains domestic as about 10-15% of the towns resident born from 1955-1970 have moved to the United States of America or Canada at a period in time since 1986. The towns geographical location places it in visible sight of Colima (volcano), and within an hour to two hours drive from neighboring state, Colima.
As of 2011, the municipality had a total population of 14,939.