OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Saho People's Democratic Movement

The Saho People's Democratic Movement (SPDM) is an organized group in Eritrea, fighting for the self-determination of the Saho people. They are allied with the Red Sea Afar Democratic Organisation (RSADO), whom they have done joint operations with. The organization was founded in 1984, during the Eritrean War of Independence, and played a significant role in the struggle against Ethiopian rule.
The SPDM was formed as a response to the marginalization of the Saho people by the Eritrean People's Liberation Front (EPLF), the main liberation movement at the time.
The SPDM advocated for greater representation of the Saho people in the EPLF, as well as for the recognition of Saho as an official language in Eritrea. The organization also demanded an end to the forced conscription of young men into the EPLF, and for greater democracy and human rights in the country.
After Eritrea gained independence in 1993, the SPDM became a political party and participated in the country's first multiparty elections in 1997. However, the party was unable to win any seats in the National Assembly, and has since struggled to gain a foothold in Eritrean politics.
The SPDM has been critical of the government of President Isaias Afwerki, accusing it of being undemocratic and repressive. The party has also expressed concern over the government's handling of the border dispute with Ethiopia, which has led to a protracted conflict between the two countries. While the SPDM's official position is that it seeks a peaceful and democratic resolution to the conflict between the Saho people and the Eritrean government, some members of the party have expressed support for greater autonomy or even independence for the Saho region. The Saho people have historically faced marginalization and discrimination, and the SPDM has been a vocal advocate for their rights and interests. However, the party leadership has emphasized the importance of national unity and cohesion, and has emphasized that any changes to the country's political structure must be achieved through peaceful and democratic means.
# The Royal Family (play)

The Royal Family is a play written by George S. Kaufman and Edna Ferber. Its premiere on Broadway was at the Selwyn Theatre on 28 December 1927, where it ran for 345 performances to close in October 1928. It was included in Burns Mantle's The Best Plays of 1927–1928.

## Characters

* Fanny Cavendish – Cavendish family matriarch
* Julie Cavendish – Fanny's daughter
* Tony Cavendish – Fanny's son
* Gwen Cavendish – Fanny's granddaughter
* Herbert Dean – Fanny's brother
* Kitty Dean – Fanny's sister-in-law
* Oscar Wolfe – Cavendish family's long-time agent
* Gilbert Marshall – Julie's love interest
* Perry Stewart – Gwen's fiancee

## Productions

* In Britain, Noël Coward directed the West End version of the play in 1934, with a cast that included Marie Tempest as Fanny Cavendish, Madge Titheradge as Julie Cavendish and Laurence Olivier as Tony Cavendish. The play was retitled "Theatre Royal".
* The play was revived in the 1975–76 season on Broadway. Directed by Ellis Rabb, it starred Rosemary Harris as Julie Cavendish, George Grizzard as Tony, and Eva Le Gallienne as the theatrical matriarch, Fanny and Sam Levene as Oscar Wolfe. Rabb received the 1976 Tony Award for best director. The production was telecast on the PBS series Great Performances on November 9, 1977, with Rabb replacing Grizzard as Tony. This version was released on DVD.
* In 2001 Peter Hall directed a West End revival of the play (under its original title) with Judi Dench as Fanny, Harriet Walter as Julie and Toby Stephens as Tony; also in the cast were Peter Bowles, Julia McKenzie and Emily Blunt.
* 2009 on Broadway, with incidental music by Maury Yeston, at the Samuel J. Friedman Theatre, directed by Doug Hughes and starring Kelli Barrett as Gwen, Ana Gasteyer as Kitty, John Glover as Herbert, Rosemary Harris as Fanny, Jan Maxwell as Julie, Larry Pine as Gilbert, Tony Roberts as Oscar, and Reg Rogers as Tony Cavendish.

## Adaptations

The play was adapted in 1930 by Herman Mankiewicz for the film The Royal Family of Broadway, released by Paramount Pictures. The film was directed by George Cukor and Cyril Gardner, and stars Ina Claire and Fredric March.
Several live television adaptions were produced, including one in 1952, a BBC film for television, starring Morton Lowry as Tony Cavendish and Charmion King as Julia, re-named as "Theatre Royal".

## Awards and nominations
### Awards

* 1975 Drama Desk Award for Outstanding Revival of a Play
* 2010 Nominated for Best Revival of a Play
# Sticks and Bones

Sticks and Bones is a 1971 play by David Rabe. The black comedy focuses on David, a blind Vietnam War veteran who finds himself unable to come to terms with his actions on the battlefield and alienated from his family because they neither can accept his disability nor understand his wartime experience. Rabe explores the conflicted feelings of many civilians during the era by parodying the ideal American family as it was portrayed on the television sitcom The Adventures of Ozzie and Harriet. Beneath the perfect facade of the playwright's fictional Nelson family are layers of prejudice, bigotry, and self-hatred that are peeled away slowly as they interact with their physically and emotionally damaged son and brother.

## History

Sticks and Bones was the second play in Rabe's Vietnam trilogy, following The Basic Training of Pavlo Hummel and preceding Streamers. A veteran himself, he wrote it while a graduate student at Villanova University, where it was staged in 1969. The off-Broadway production, directed by Jeff Bleckner, opened on November 7, 1971 at Joseph Papp's Public Theater, where it ran for 121 performances. The cast included David Selby as David, Tom Aldredge as Ozzie, Elizabeth Wilson as Harriet (played later by Rue McClanahan), Cliff DeYoung as Rick, and Charles Siebert as Father Donald.
Critical reaction and audience response were positive, and Papp decided to move the play uptown. With Drew Snyder replacing Selby but the rest of the cast intact, the Broadway production opened on March 1, 1972 at the John Golden Theatre, where it ran for 246 performances.
In 1973, David Rabe wrote the teleplay for and Robert Downey Sr. directed a CBS television movie based on Rabe's play. The cast included DeYoung as David, Aldredge as Ozzie, and Anne Jackson as Harriet. The subject matter was so controversial half of the network's affiliates refused to broadcast the film.

## Awards and nominations
### Awards

* 1972 Tony Award for Best Play
* 1972 Tony Award for Best Performance by a Featured Actress in a Play (Elizabeth Wilson)
* 1972 Drama Desk Award for Outstanding Actor in a Play (Tom Aldredge)
* 1972 Drama Desk Award for Outstanding Director of a Play (Jeff Bleckner)
* 1972 Drama Desk Award for Outstanding Set Design (Santo Loquasto)
* 1972 Outer Critics Circle Award for Best Play

### Nominations

* 1972 Tony Award for Best Direction of a Play (Jeff Bleckner)
* 1972 Tony Award for Best Performance by a Leading Actor in a Play (Tom Aldredge)

## Influence

The play was parodied by Christopher Durang in his 1977 play The Vietnamization of New Jersey.

## Revival

In 2014, Sticks and Bones was revived at The Pershing Square Center, with the production opening November 6.
In 2023, Sticks and Bones was revived by The Contemporary Theatre Boston, directed by Chris Cavalier and starring Dusko Petkovich as Ozzie Nelson.
# The Temperamentals

The Temperamentals is a 2009 play by Jon Marans. It chronicles the founding of the Mattachine Society, the first sustained LGBT rights organization in the United States, and the love affair of two of its founding members, Harry Hay (Thomas Jay Ryan) and Rudi Gernreich (Michael Urie). The title is drawn from the early-20th Century usage of the word "temperamental" as slang for "homosexual". After premiering at The Barrow Group Studio Theater in April 2009, the play began previews off-Broadway at New World Stages on February 18, 2010 and premiered February 28. Producers Darryl Roth and Stacy Shane announced that The Temperamentals would close May 30. "We began our wonderful journey in April 2009 and are very grateful for the awards, honors, nominations and recognition that we have received and are receiving the end of this theater season. We would like to leave on a high note."

## Critical reception

The New York Times gave The Temperamentals a good review, calling it an "eminently likable docudrama".
The Temperamentals received a Drama Desk Award for Best Ensemble Cast. Michael Urie, who originated the role of Rudi Gernreich, received a Lucille Lortel Award for Outstanding Lead Actor.

## Film adaptation

As of 2022 The Temperamentals is in film development with Daryl Roth Productions.
# Kemecse District

Kemecse (Hungarian: Kemecsei járás) is a district in central part of Szabolcs-Szatmár-Bereg County. Kemecse is also the name of the town where the district seat is found. The district is located in the Northern Great Plain Statistical Region. This district is a part of Rétköz geographical region.

## Geography

Kemecse District borders with Kisvárda District to the northeast, Baktalórántháza District to the southeast, Nyíregyháza District to the south, Ibrány District to the west. The number of the inhabited places in Kemecse District is 11.

## Municipalities

The district has 2 towns and 9 villages. (ordered by population, as of 1 January 2013)
* Berkesz (855)
* Beszterec (1,086)
* Demecser (4,284)
* Gégény (1,975)
* Kék (1,966)
* Kemecse (4,792) – district seat
* Nyírbogdány (2,861)
* Nyírtét (1,088)
* Székely (1,046)
* Tiszarád (568)
* Vasmegyer (1,664)
The bolded municipalities are cities.

## Demographics

Religion in Kemecse District (2011 census)
In 2011, it had a population of 22,066 and the population density was 90/km².
| Year | County population | Change |
| 2011 | 22,066 | n/a |

### Ethnicity

Besides the Hungarian majority, the main minority is the Roma (approx. 2,000).
Total population (2011 census): 22,066 Ethnic groups (2011 census): Identified themselves: 21,663 persons:
* Hungarians: 19,597 (90.46%)
* Gypsies: 1,900 (8.77%)
* Others and indefinable: 166 (0.77%)
Approx. 500 persons in Kemecse District did not declare their ethnic group at the 2011 census.

### Religion

Religious adherence in the county according to 2011 census:
* Reformed – 8,356;
* Catholic – 7,241 (Roman Catholic – 5,443; Greek Catholic – 1,798);
* Evangelical – 92;
* other religions – 360;
* Non-religious – 1,175;
* Atheism – 55;
* Undeclared – 4,787.

## Gallery

* Aerial view of Berkesz
* Traditional house from Beszterec
* Vay Mansion in Berkesz
* Aerial view of Székely
# Apateopholis

Apateopholis (meaning "confusing scale") is an extinct genus of prehistoric marine ray-finned fish. It is the only member of the family Apateopholidae and contains a single species, A. laniatus, from the Cenomanian of Lebanon. It was a relative of modern lizardfish and lancetfish in the order Aulopiformes. At least one study has found it to be a potential sister genus to the enigmatic Yabrudichthys of the West Bank.
# Urozhaynoye

Urozhaynoye (Russian: Урожайное) is a rural locality (a selo) in Dalnevostochny Selsoviet of Romnensky District, Amur Oblast, Russia. The population was 4 as of 2018. There are 2 streets.

## Geography

Urozhaynoye is located 56 km southwest of Romny (the district's administrative centre) by road. Pereyaslovka is the nearest rural locality.
# Snežnica

Snežnica (Hungarian: Havas) is a village and municipality in Kysucké Nové Mesto District in the Žilina Region of northern Slovakia.

## History

In historical records the village was first mentioned in 1426.

## Geography

The municipality lies at an altitude of 404 metres and covers an area of 5.511 km². It has a population of about 1022 people.
# Liu Chien-sin

Liu Chien-sin or Jason Liu (traditional Chinese: 劉建忻; simplified Chinese: 刘建忻; pinyin: Liú Jiànxīn; Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Lâu Kiàn-him; born 8 June 1968) is a Taiwanese politician who currently served as the secretary-general of the Examination Yuan since 2020.
He was appointed as the Deputy Secretary-General to the President on 21 April 2018, and the acting Secretary-General to the President on three occasions the latest being on 2 August 2020. He served short tenures for each appointment.

## Education

Liu obtained his bachelor's degree in business administration from National Taiwan University and master's degree from Georgetown University in the United States.

## Honors

* 2024 Order of Brilliant Star with Special Grand Cordon
# Percy Martin

Percy Martin (1871-1958) was an American-born British engineer and automobile manufacturer. Born in Columbus, Ohio 19 June 1871 he obtained a degree in mechanical engineering, specializing in electrical engineering, from Ohio State University in 1892.

## General Electric

He worked for General Electric in Milan and Berlin then in 1901 on holiday in England and through a chance meeting he was asked to take up the works manager's position at the Daimler Company in Coventry which he did in October 1901.
The following July he married Alice Helen Heublein from Hartford, Connecticut, they had a son and a daughter.

## Daimler

Soon rationalising Daimler's range of 10 different models he promptly designed then completed the entry into production of two new cars, Daimler's 22 hp and 12 hp. He established improved incentive payments and improved the management of Daimler's design, operations and materials.

## Daimler and B.S.A.

On the merging of the businesses of Daimler and arms and munitions manufacturer Birmingham Small Arms Company in October 1910 Percy Martin took up the position of managing director of the combined enterprise. He was to serve more than twenty years in that post.

### World War I

In December 1916 he was appointed Controller of Internal Combustion Engines by the Ministry of Munitions and to The Air Board where he represented the Ministry of Munitions.

### Airco

In January 1920 B.S.A., on Martin's say so, bought from George Holt Thomas his aircraft business, Airco. In wartime Airco had been producing new aircraft at the rate of one every 45 minutes. The B.S.A. board made the purchase presuming Martin had carried out a due diligence investigation which he hadn't. The Airco companies were on the brink of financial collapse. Though they were closed immediately the losses were so grievous that B.S.A., one of the nation's major industrial combines, was obliged to miss paying a dividend for four years.

### Retirement

At the beginning of the 1930s there were boardroom disagreements, a new chairman and, only technically subject to his direction, new executives covering much of his area of responsibility. Martin remained with B.S.A. and its subsidiary Daimler until his retirement from day to day responsibilities in April 1934 at a time when in spite of the Great Depression B.S.A. still directly employed more than 11,000 people. He was appointed chairman of Daimler. He gave up his seat on the B.S.A. board after one more year.

### Sleeve valves and Daimler's fluid flywheel

Percy Martin was particularly involved in two successful technical developments, the development and introduction in 1908 of sleeve valves for Daimler's engines and, in 1930, their fluid flywheel fitted to all their vehicles in conjunction with Wilsons epicyclic gearboxes and a forerunner of automatic transmissions.

## Death

After retirement Martin remained in England living at Kenilworth near Coventry where he died in November 1958 a few months after his wife.
# Jack Billingham (footballer)

John Billingham (3 December 1914 – 7 October 1981) was an English professional footballer who played as a centre forward. During his career he represented Northampton Town, Bristol City, Burnley, Carlisle United and Southport in the Football League, playing more than 300 matches in total. He also served with the Royal Air Force during the Second World War.

## Career

Billingham started his football career in 1935 as an outside forward with Northampton Town, where he made three league appearances before joining Bristol City two years later. He spent one season with the club and played seven league matches as the team finished as runners-up in the Third Division South. In May 1938, Billingham signed for Second Division side Burnley on a free transfer. He made his debut for the Lancashire club in the 1–0 defeat away at Tottenham Hotspur on 27 December 1938. During his time at Burnley, he was converted from an outside right to a centre forward. He scored seven goals in fourteen matches for the club before play was suspended in England following the outbreak of the Second World War.
During the war, Billingham served abroad with the Royal Air Force and also worked in a shoe factory in Northampton. He made several appearances as a wartime guest player with his first club, Northampton Town. When competitive play resumed in 1946, Billingham was a first-team regular for Burnley, scoring 12 goals in 28 matches as the side finished as runners-up in the Second Division and reached the 1947 FA Cup Final, although he did not play in the match as Ray Harrison was selected ahead of him. The second place league finish meant promotion to the First Division and Billingham kept his place as first-choice centre forward in the higher division, netting 13 goals in 35 league matches during the 1947–48 campaign and helping Burnley to a third-place finish. He spent one more season with the Clarets, but was less involved with the first team and played only 16 matches. In total, he made 96 appearances for Burnley in all competitions and scored 36 goals for the club.
In September 1949, Billingham joined Third Division North side Carlisle United, where he spent two seasons and scored 17 goals in 64 league matches. He transferred to Southport in March 1951 and was almost ever-present during his four years with the Haig Avenue club, making 150 appearances and scoring 37 goals. Billingham was released by Southport at the end of the 1954–55 season and moved into non-league football with Nelson, where he played for two years before eventually retiring from the game in 1957 at the age of 42. Following his retirement, he worked as a travelling salesman and also had a spell as a coach at Padiham before returning to live in Daventry, Northamptonshire, where he died on 7 October 1981, aged 66.
# John Hodgson (footballer, born 1900)

John William R. Hodgson (28 September 1900 – 3 January 1959) was an English professional footballer who played as a full back for Brentford in the Football League.

## Career statistics

Appearances and goals by club, season and competition :
| Club | Season | League | League | League | FA Cup | FA Cup | Total | Total |
| Club | Season | Division | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals |
| Brentford | 1926–27 | Third Division South | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 | 0 |
| Career total | Career total | Career total | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 | 0 |
# Galand Rud

Galand Rud (Persian: گلندرود, also Romanized as Galand Rūd; also known as Galanrūd) is a village in Mian Band Rural District, in the Central District of Nur County, Mazandaran Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 57, in 18 families.
# Alvin Daniels

Alvin Kevin Daniels (born 10 February 1994) is a Dutch professional footballer of Guianese descent who plays as winger. He formerly played for FC Twente, FC Dordrecht and SC Cambuur. He was born in Paramaribo, Suriname.

## Club career

On 29 January 2021, he signed a contract with Italian club Como until the end of the 2020–21 season.

## International career

In 2014, Daniels was selected for the Netherlands national under-21 football team. However, it was later discovered that he did not have Dutch nationality, and thus was ineligible to represent the Netherlands. He remained eligible to represent France as part of the French Guiana national football team.
# Lchkadzor

Lchkadzor (Armenian: Լճկաձոր) is a village in the Noyemberyan Municipality of the Tavush Province of Armenia.
# Mi-ha

Mi-ha (ミーハー, Mīhā) is the second studio album by Japanese singer/songwriter Chisato Moritaka, released on March 25, 1988, by Warner Pioneer. In contrast to the city pop-oriented debut album New Season, Mi-ha is a mix of rock and pop tunes, with its tagline: "Rock? Pop? Whichever is fine." (ロック?ポップス?どっちでもいいや, "Rokku? Poppusu? Dotchi demo ī ya"). The album also marked Moritaka's songwriting debut with the title track.
The album peaked at No. 17 on Oricon's albums chart and sold over 72,000 copies.

## Track listing

All lyrics are written by Hiromasa Ijichi, except where indicated; all music is composed and arranged by Hideo Saitō, except where indicated.

## Personnel

* Chisato Moritaka – vocals, Fender Rhodes (A5), timbales (B4)
* Hideo Saitō – guitar, backing vocals, drum and synthesizer programming (all tracks except where indicated)
* Nobita Tsukada – keyboards, synthesizer programming (all tracks except where indicated)
* Ken Shima – keyboards, piano, backing vocals (A3, B5)
* Hatsuho Furukawa – keyboards (B3)
* Takayuki Negishi – synthesizer programming (A3, B5)
* Tomoaki Arima – synthesizer programming (A3, B3)
* Junro Satō – guitar (A3, B3)
* Chiharu Mikuzugi – bass (B3, B5)
* Reuben Tsujino – percussion (A1, B2)
* Shingo Kanno – congas (A1), güiro (A2), tambourine (B2)
* Jake H. Concepcion – tenor saxophone (A2–A3, B5)
* Misa Nakayama – backing vocals (A1, A2, B4)
* Nana – backing vocals (A3, B3)
* Takumi Yamamoto – backing vocals (B3)
* Yukari Fujio – backing vocals (A3, B3, B5)

## Charts

| Chart (1988) | Peak position |
| Japanese Albums (Oricon) | 17 |

## Video album

The video album for Mi-ha was released on CDV format on April 25, 1988.
# Maciej Aleksy Dawidowski

Maciej Aleksy Dawidowski codename: Alek, Glizda, Kopernicki, Koziorożec (3 November 1920, in Drohobycz – 30 March 1943, in Warsaw, Poland) was a Polish scoutmaster (podharcmistrz), Polish Scouting resistance activist and Second Lieutenant of the Armia Krajowa during the Second World War. Dawidowski is a main character in the books Kamienie na Szaniec by Aleksander Kamiński, and Rudy, Alek, Zośka by Barbara Wachowicz.

## Early life

The son of Aleksy Dawidowski, an engineering technologist and Janina Dawidowska (née Sagatowska), who worked in chemical engineering, Maciej Aleksy Dawidowski graduated from the Stefan Batory Warsaw Gymnasium. He was active in the Polish Boy Scout movement. In the fall of 1939 Dawidowski's father was the administrative director of a rifle factory in Warsaw. Following the German occupation of Warsaw in late September 1939, the senior Dawidowski was arrested in November 1939, and in December 1939 the father was shot in the Sejm Gardens.

## Resistance work

In 1939 the younger Davidowski was a member of PLAN, in 1940 he became a member of Szare Szeregi (the underground organization of Polish Boy Scouts) and Wawer. He took part in several sabotage actions against the Nazi forces, among others. In the Copernicus action he removed the German language plaques beneath the Warsaw statue of Copernicus on 11 February 1942.

## Participation in Operation Arsenal

Jan Bytnar, another resistance leader, was arrested by the Germans on 23 March 1943. The Polish underground army designed a plan to rescue him called "Operation Arsenal". Dawidowski participated in the planning and the execution of the operation. During the attack, he was seriously wounded in the stomach by fire from Germans in the gate house where Bytnar was held. Despite this he threw two grenades enabling his comrades to withdraw from the action. He later died in a hospital from his wounds, aged 22.
During the Warsaw uprising, Dawidowski's code name "Alek" was later used as the code name for the 2nd Platoon of the 2nd company ("Rudy") of Batalion Zośka. He was posthumously awarded the Silver Cross of the Virtuti Militari and promoted to sergeant. In 2011 he was posthumously awarded the Commander's Cross with Star of the Order of Polonia Restituta.

## Legacy

An elementary school, Szkoła Podstawowa nr 391 im. Macieja Aleksego Dawidowskiego, in Warsaw is named in his honour.
An elementary school, Szkoła Podstawowa nr 52 im. Macieja "Alka" Aleksego Dawidowskiego, in Warsaw is named in his honour.