OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Badab-e Surt

Badab Soort (Persian: باداب سورت) is a natural site in the Mazandaran Province in northern Iran, 95 kilometres (59 mi) south-east of the city of Sari, and 7 kilometres (4.3 mi) east of the village Orost. It comprises a range of stepped travertine terrace formations that have been created over thousands of years as flowing water from two mineral hot springs cooled and deposited carbonate minerals on the mountainside.

## Etymology

Badab is a Persian compound of the words bād (gas) + āb (water), translating to "gassed water", referring to the springs' waters being carbonated mineral waters. Soort is an old name for the Orost village and a Persian word meaning intensity.

## Geology

Badab Soort's springs are two distinct mineral springs with different natural characteristics, located at 1,840 metres (6,040 ft) above sea level. The first spring contains very salty water that gathers in a small natural pool; its water is considered to have medicinal properties, especially as a cure for rheumatism and some types of skin diseases and skin conditions. The second spring has a sour taste and is predominantly orange mainly due to the large iron oxide sediments at its outlet.
Badab Soort's terraces are made of travertine, a sedimentary rock deposited by flowing water from the two distinct mineral springs; they were formed during Pleistocene and Pliocene geological periods. When the water, supersaturated with calcium carbonate and iron carbonate, reaches the surface, carbon dioxide degases from it, and mineral carbonates are deposited. The depositing continues until the carbon dioxide in the water balances the carbon dioxide in the air. Iron carbonate and calcium carbonate are deposited by the water as soft jellies, but they eventually harden into travertine.
As a result, over the course of thousands of years the water from these two springs emanating from the mountain range have combined and resulted in a number of orange-, red- and yellow-colored pools shaped as a naturally formed staircase. The surrounding vegetation to the north consists of pine forests while to the east it mainly consists of short trees and shrubs; and rock quarries can be seen to the west of the site.

## Similar places

* Mammoth Hot Springs in the USA
* Pamukkale in Turkey
* Huanglong Scenic and Historic Interest Area in China
# Mount Cairnes

Mount Cairnes is a 2,810-metre (9,220-foot) mountain summit in the Saint Elias Mountains on the boundary line of Kluane National Park in Yukon, Canada. The mountain is situated 44 km (27 mi) west of Haines Junction, 18 km (11 mi) southeast of Kluane Lake, and can be seen from the Alaska Highway midway between the two. Its nearest higher peak is Mount Maxwell, 27.7 km (17.2 mi) to the southwest. The mountain's name was officially adopted February 3, 1981, by the Geographical Names Board of Canada. Clive Elmore Cairnes (1892–1954) was active with the Geological Survey of Canada as well as the Geographic Board of Canada until his retirement in 1953. He was related to noted geologist DeLorme Donaldson Cairnes (1879–1917), for whom this mountain is named.

## Climate

Based on the Köppen climate classification, Mount Cairnes is located in a subarctic climate with long, cold, snowy winters, and mild summers. Temperatures can drop below −20 °C with wind chill factors below −30 °C. Precipitation runoff from the peak and meltwater from its pocket glaciers drains into tributaries of the Kaskawulsh River.
# Langley Frank Willard Smith

Langley Frank Willard Smith DSC (15 August 1897 – 12 June 1917) was a Canadian Flying Ace in World War I credited with 8 victories.

## Background

Smith was born in Philipsburg, in the Province of Quebec, and was brought up by his grandmother, his father having been widowed. Whilst attending Flying School in St. Augustine, Florida, Smith accidentally stepped into a revolving propeller and received near-fatal head injuries. However he completed his training at the Curtiss Flying School in Newport News, Virginia, qualifying as a pilot on 29 June 1916.

## Involvement in World War 1

Posted to 4 Naval Squadron on 25 April 1917, he scored eight victories flying the Sopwith Pup. In June 1917, his squadron was the first to receive the new Sopwith Camel. A few days later, while attempting to intercept a flight of 16 Gotha bombers, Smith was killed when his Camel lost a wing and broke up in mid-air.
He is buried in the Houtave Churchyard, Zuienkerke, West-Vlaanderen, Belgium.

## Decorations

* Distinguished Service Cross
* Belgian Croix de guerre
* Chevalier de l'Ordre de la Couronne (Knight of the Order of the Crown)
# John Edward Sharman

John Edward Sharman, DSC and Bar and Croix de Guerre (11 September 1892 – 22 July 1917) was a Canadian flying ace in World War I credited with eight victories.

## Early life

Sharman was born in Oak Lake, Manitoba, to Thomas Higgins Sharman and Frances A. Sharman. He was the oldest child in his family, followed by his sister Beverly and his brother Thomas. He attended university in Toronto, where he studied to become a mining engineer. His father had served in the 90th Winnipeg Rifles during the North-West Rebellion of 1885 and then as a member of the militia with the 12th Manitoba Dragoons.

## World War I

Sharman joined the Royal Naval Air Service on 3 February 1916 and served with 3 Wing until its disbandment in April 1917. Flying Sopwith 1½ Strutter aircraft, he participated in at least twenty-nine raids and claimed one enemy aircraft destroyed. Sharman was cited by the French General Castelnau for services in eleven of these raids, notably two raids on the same day on Freiburg and was awarded the Croix de guerre.
From 1 May 1917, Sharman was posted to form part of the nucleus of 10(N) Squadron, flying Sopwith Triplanes; his flight commander was the notable Canadian ace Raymond Collishaw. In June and July 1917, Sharman claimed seven victories and became a flight commander on 9 July 1917.
On 22 July 1917, Sharman and the rest of C Flight set off for a morning patrol at around 0725 hrs. His flight was patrolling the area between Ypres and Messines when they encountered scouts from JG1. As he engaged the first aircraft, his Triplane suffered a direct hit from anti-aircraft fire, probably from Flak Batterie 503. John Sharman is commemorated on the Arras Memorial to the Missing. During the same dogfight, FLt J. Page was shot down and killed by Ltn Otto Brauneck. They were both shot down in the same area around Comines-Warneton, Belgium. Sharman and Page are buried side by side at Pont-Du-Hem Military Cemetery, La Gorgue, France. Sharman had no offspring.
# Santa Rita Biological Reserve

Santa Rita Biological Reserve (Portuguese: Reserva Biológica de Serra de Santa Rita Mítzi Brandão) is a biological reserve in the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil.
The reserve was established in the municipality of Santa Rita do Sapucaí by municipal law 1096 on 15 October 1980, with revised municipal laws on 27 October 1980 and 19 December 1984 and the Federal SNUC law 9985 on 18 June 2000. The reserve covers an area of 305 hectares (750 acres) for the purpose of fully and permanently preserving the ecosystem and natural resources of the area, and particularly the genetic reserve of flora and fauna for scientific, educational and cultural purposes. Any form of exploitation of the natural resources of the reserve is prohibited.
# German Sánchez (skier)

German Sánchez (born 14 February 1972) is a Mexican alpine skier. He competed in two events at the 1992 Winter Olympics.
# Tom Neville (offensive tackle)

Thomas Oliver Neville (born August 12, 1943) is an American former professional football player who was an offensive tackle in the American Football League (AFL) and National Football League (NFL). He played for the AFL's Boston Patriots from 1965 through 1969, and with the NFL's Patriots, Denver Broncos, and New York Giants. He is a member of the Patriots All-1960s Team.
# Proteuxoa paratorna

Proteuxoa paratorna is a moth of the family Noctuidae. It is found in South Australia.
# Toshiya Omi

Toshiya Omi (尾身 俊哉, Omi Toshiya, born 12 October 1995) is a Japanese footballer currently playing as a defender for YSCC Yokohama.

## Career statistics
### Club

    As of 12 November 2020.
| Club | Season | League | League | League | National Cup | National Cup | League Cup | League Cup | Other | Other | Total | Total |
| Club | Season | Division | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals |
| YSCC Yokohama | 2018 | J3 League | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| YSCC Yokohama | 2019 | J3 League | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 | 0 |
| YSCC Yokohama | 2020 | J3 League | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 | 0 |
| Career total | Career total | Career total | 8 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 8 | 0 |
# HMS L56

HMS L56 was a late-model L-class submarine built for the Royal Navy during the First World War. The boat was not completed before the end of the war and was sold for scrap in 1938.

## Design and description

L52 and its successors were modified to maximise the number of 21-inch (53.3 cm) torpedoes carried in the bow. The submarine had a length of 235 feet (71.6 m) overall, a beam of 23 feet 6 inches (7.2 m) and a mean draft of 13 feet 2 inches (4.0 m). They displaced 960 long tons (980 t) on the surface and 1,150 long tons (1,170 t) submerged. The L-class submarines had a crew of 44 officers and ratings. They had a diving depth of 150 feet (45.7 m).
For surface running, the boats were powered by two 12-cylinder Vickers 1,200-brake-horsepower (895 kW) diesel engines, each driving one propeller shaft. When submerged each propeller was driven by a 600-horsepower (447 kW) electric motor. They could reach 17 knots (31 km/h; 20 mph) on the surface and 10.5 knots (19.4 km/h; 12.1 mph) underwater. On the surface, the L class had a range of 4,200 nautical miles (7,800 km; 4,800 mi) at 10 knots (19 km/h; 12 mph).
The boats were armed with six 21-inch torpedo tubes in the bow. They carried eight reload torpedoes for a grand total of a dozen torpedoes. They were also armed with two 4-inch (102 mm) deck guns.

## Construction and career

HMS L56 was laid down on 16 October 1917 by Fairfield Shipbuilding and Engineering Company at their Govan shipyard, launched on 29 May 1919, and completed on 3 September 1919. The boat was sold for scrap on 25 March 1938.
# Aristocritus (actor)

Aristocritus (Ancient Greek: Ἀριστόκριτος) was a famous actor of Greek tragedy who apparently worked in the employ of a young Alexander the Great. He was sent as an emissary by Carian satrap Pixodarus in 337 or 336 BCE to offer the hand of Pixodarus's daughter to Arrhidaeus, the eldest son of Philip II of Macedon, and Alexander's older brother. Alexander later sent another actor, Thessalus, back to Pixodarus with a counter-proposal that he be the one to marry Pixodarus's daughter.
Nothing came of these machinations, other than Alexander earning the irritation of Arrhidaeus, and there was ultimately no wedding. However both Aristocritus and Thessalus must have conducted themselves well, as we know they remained in Alexander's service until the end of his life, being described as participating in the festivities of a great wedding celebration at Susa more than a decade later, in 324 BCE.
# Asahi Kokaji

Asahi Kokaji (born 6 August 2002) is a Japanese professional footballer who plays as a midfielder for WE League club AC Nagano Parceiro Ladies.

## Club career

Kokaji made her WE League debut on 10 October 2021.
# Ruda, Garwolin County

Ruda is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Trojanów, within Garwolin County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland.
# Smirnenkoye

Smirnenkoye (Russian: Смирненькое) is a rural locality (a selo) in Semyonovsky Selsoviet, Kulundinsky District, Altai Krai, Russia. The population was 316 as of 2013. There are 3 streets.

## Geography

Smirnenkoye lies in the Kulunda Steppe, near lake Gorkiye Kilty to the northeast. It is located 24 kilometers (15 mi) east of Kulunda (the district's administrative centre) by road. Semyonovka is the nearest rural locality.
# Katha Sangama

Katha Sangama (lit. 'Story Collection') may refer to:
* Katha Sangama (1976 film), an Indian Kannada-language anthology film
* Katha Sangama (2019 film), an Indian Kannada-language anthology film
# East India Stock Dividend Redemption Act 1873

The East India Stock Dividend Redemption Act 1873 (36 & 37 Vict. c. 17) was an act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom, passed in 1873, that formally dissolved the British East India Company.
The act was one of the East India Loans Acts 1859 to 1893.
By the time of the act's passing, the British East India Company had already effectively ceased to exist. The company's governmental responsibilities were transferred to the Crown and its liquidation was set in motion by the Government of India Act 1858. The company's 240,000-man military force had also been transferred to the authority of the Crown (subsequently being incorporated into the British Indian Army), significantly reducing its influence.
# Mkrtich Hovhannisyan

Mrktich Hovhannisyan (Armenian: Մկրտիչ Հովհաննիսյան; born 4 January 1970) is a retired Armenian football midfielder.
# Hugh Meikle

Hugh Meikle (25 December 1940 – 19 February 2016) was a Welsh curler and curling coach.
He started curling in Toronto, Ontario in late 1960s.
He was a founder of Welsh Curling Association in 1974.

## Teams

| Season | Skip | Third | Second | Lead | Alternate | Coach | Events |
| 1989–90 | Adrian Meikle | Jamie Meikle | Hugh Meikle | Nick Leslie | | | ECC 1989 (8th) |
| 1991–92 | Adrian Meikle | Hugh Meikle | J. Paul Heiskle | Nick Leslie | Timothy Rhodes | | ECC 1991 (12th) |
| 1994–95 | Adrian Meikle (fourth) | John Hunt (skip) | Jamie Meikle | Hugh Meikle | | | ECC 1994 (7th) |
| 1994–95 | Jamie Meikle (fourth) | Adrian Meikle | John Hunt (skip) | Hugh Meikle | Chris Wells | | WCC 1995 (10th) |
| 1995–96 | Adrian Meikle | Jamie Meikle | John Hunt | Hugh Meikle | Chris Wells | | ECC 1995 (13th) |
| 1997–98 | Adrian Meikle (fourth) | Jamie Meikle | John Hunt (skip) | Hugh Meikle | Chris Wells | | ECC 1997 (8th) |
| 2000–01 | Adrian Meikle | Chris Wells | John Sharpe | Hugh Meikle | Andrew Tanner | | ECC 2000 (16th) |
| 2001–02 | Adrian Meikle | Chris Wells | Andrew Tanner | John Sharpe | Hugh Meikle | Dave Pritchard | ECC 2001 (14th) |
| 2002–03 | Hugh Meikle | Peter Harris | Ray King | Chris Wells | | | WSCC 2003 (11th) |
| 2003–04 | Hugh Meikle | Chris Wells | Peter Williams | Ray King | Scott Lyon | | WSCC 2004 (13th) |
| 2005–06 | Adrian Meikle | Jamie Meikle | Stuart Hills | Andrew Tanner | Hugh Meikle | Elizabeth Meikle | ECC 2005 (12th) |
| 2005–06 | Hugh Meikle (fourth) | Chris Wells (skip) | Michael Yuille | Hugh Hodge | | | WSCC 2006 (12th) |
| 2007–08 | Hugh Meikle | Michael Yuille | Stewart Cairns | Hugh Hodge | Chris Wells | | WSCC 2008 (11th) |
| 2010–11 | Hugh Meikle (fourth) | Chris Wells (skip) | Michael Yuille | Stewart Cairns | Andrew Carr | Elizabeth Meikle | WSCC 2011 (15th) |
| 2011–12 | Chris Wells | Hugh Meikle | Stewart Cairns | Andrew Carr | Peter Sims | Gill Sims | WSCC 2012 (19th) |
| 2013–14 | Chris Wells | Hugh Meikle | Richard Pougher | Andrew Carr | Gary Waddell | | WSCC 2014 (14th) |

## Record as a coach of national teams

| Year | Tournament, event | National team | Place |
| 2007 | 2007 European Curling Championships | Wales (men) | 17 |
| 2011 | 2011 European Junior Curling Challenge | Wales (junior men) | 12 |

## Personal life

His wife Elizabeth is a curler and coach; his sons Adrian and Jamie are also a curlers.
# Abu Lubaba ibn Abd al-Mundhir

Abu Lubaba ibn Abd al-Mundhir (Arabic: أبو لبابة بن عبد المنذر, romanized: Abū Lubāba ibn ʿAbd al-Mundhir) was a leading member of the Banu Aws, an Arabic tribe in Yathrib, today known as Medina.

## Biography

At some point after Muhammad's arrival at Medina in 622, Abu Lubaba converted to Islam.
He appears in 627 during the siege of the Banu Qurayza, a Jewish tribe in conflict with Muhammad. The Qurayza had a long-standing alliance with the Aws and during the siege asked to confer with Abu Lubaba. According to Ibn Ishaq, Abu Lubaba felt pity for the women and children of the tribe who were crying and when asked whether the Qurayza should surrender to Muhammad, advised them to do so.
Ibn Ishaq's account, going back to Abu Lubaba's own statements, related that he regretted his actions, stating: "My feet had not moved away from the spot before I knew I had been false to God and His Apostle". He then went to the mosque in Medina, tied himself to a pillar and declared: "I will not leave this place until God forgives me for what I have done". He also added that he would never enter the locality of Banu Qurayza in recompense for the deadly mistake he made. When Muhammad was informed of this incident, he said: "I would have begged God to forgive him if he had asked me but since he tied himself out of his own free will, then it is God Who would turn to him in forgiveness".
Abu Lubaba stayed tied for six nights. One early morning, Muhammad declared that God had forgiven him after reportedly receiving a revelation.
Theologist Ibn al-Jawzi (died 1201) stated ten more people tied themselves to pillars.
# Abdul Rashid (name)

ʻAbd al-Rashīd (ALA-LC romanization of Arabic: عبد الرشيد) is a male Muslim given name, and in modern usage, surname. It is built from the Arabic words ʻabd and al-Rashīd, one of the names of God in the Qur'an, which give rise to the Muslim theophoric names. It means "servant of the right-minded".
Because the letter r is a sun letter, the letter l of the al- is assimilated to it. Thus although the name is written in Arabic with letters corresponding to Abd al-Rashid, the usual pronunciation corresponds to Abd ar-Rashid. Alternative transliterations include ‘Abd ar-Rasheed and others, all subject to variable spacing and hyphenation.
It should not be confused with ʻAbd al-Rāshid (Arabic: عبد الراشد).
It may refer to:

## Politicians

* Maulana Abdur Rashid Tarkabagish (1900–1986), Bangladeshi politician
* Sardar Abdur Rashid Khan (1906 - ?1995), senior police officer and cabinet minister in Pakistan
* Abdirashid Ali Shermarke (1919–1969), President and Prime Minister of Somalia
* Abdirashid Yusuf Jibril Somali politician, former speaker of House of Representatives (Puntland)
* Chauhdry Abdul Rashid (born 1941), Pakistani-British politician
* Maher Abd al-Rashid, (1942–2014), Iraqi general
* Abdul Rashid Shaheen (born 1945), Indian politician
* Abdul Rasheed Hussain (born 1946), Maldivian politician
* Abdul Rashid Dostum (born 1954), Afghan soldier and politician
* Abderrachid Boukerzaza (born 1955), Algerian politician
* Abdirashid Mohamed Hidig, Somali politician
* Abdur Rasheed Turabi, politician in Azad Jammu & Kashmir
* Abdul Rashid Godil (born 1960), Pakistani politician
* Omar Abdirashid Ali Sharmarke (born 1960), Prime Minister of Somalia
* Abdur Rashid, Bangladeshi politician.
* Abdur Rashid, Pakistani politician

## Sports

* Lala Abdul Rashid (1922–1988), member of Pakistan's 1960 Olympics field Hockey team
* Muhammad Abdul Rashid (born 1941), Pakistani Olympic silver medallist in field hockey
* Abdul Rasheed Baloch (born 1972), Pakistani boxer
* Abdul Rashid Qambrani (born 1975), Pakistani boxer
* Mohd Rafdi Abdul Rashid (born 1977), Malaysian footballer
* Abdul Rashid (hurdler) (born 1979), Pakistani Olympic sprint hurdler
* Abdur Rashid (cricketer) (born 1987), Bangladeshi cricketer
* Abdulrashid Sadulaev (born 1996), Russian freestyle wrestler, two time Olympic gold medalist
* Qais Abdur Rashid (575–661), legendary ancestor of the Pashtun race
* Abdurashid Khan (1508–1560), ruler of Yarkand Khanate in Uyghurstan (Eastern Turkestan)
* Abdurreshid Ibrahim (1857–1944), Russia-born Tatar Muslim scholar, journalist, and traveller
* Abdul Rashid (judge) (1889–1981), Chief Justice of Pakistan
* Abdur Rashid Kardar (1904–1989), Pakistani actor and director
* Abdul Rashid Khan (born 1908), Indian musician
* Abdul Rashid (agriculturist) (born 1950), Pakistani Agricultural Scientist and Bioscientist
* Abdul Rashid Ghazi (ca. 1964 −2007), Pakistani Muslim cleric
* Abdirashid Duale, Somali businessman

## Scholar

* Abdul Rachid Soufi (born 1962) Somali-Qatari Quran recitor
* Reşit Rahmeti Arat (né Ğabderrəşit Rəxmətullin; 1900–1964), Turkish philologist of Tatar descent
# Pure McCartney (Paul McCartney album)

Pure McCartney is the fourth compilation album by Paul McCartney. The album was released on 10 June 2016.

## Background

The album was first teased in late March 2016 by cryptic video posts placed on McCartney's Facebook and Twitter pages. He also says: There are no cover versions, which may be in line with the "pure" concept.
When the album was announced by McCartney on 31 March 2016, he downplayed the use of "career" in describing the collection, rather referring to it as representative of a "musical adventure". He also noted he and his team compiled the tracks for the alternate track listings "with nothing else in mind other than having something fun to listen to" in different settings.
The album features tracks from all of his official studio albums with the exception of Снова в СССР, Flowers in the Dirt, Run Devil Run and Driving Rain.

## Critical reception

Pablo Gorondi from ABC News says: "Pure McCartney is a substantial, honest and gratifying introduction to the long and winding career of a pop music giant, a tasting menu whetting the appetite for more".

## Track listing

Three versions of the album have been released, a two-disc CD of 39 tracks, a four-disc LP of 41 tracks (adding tracks "New" and "Too Many People") and a four-disc CD (and deluxe digital edition) of 67 tracks. All songs are written by Paul McCartney, except where noted.

### Deluxe edition
#### Disc 1
#### Disc 4
## Charts
## Certifications

Certifications for Pure McCartney :
| Region | Certification | Certified units/sales |
| United Kingdom (BPI) | Gold | 100,000$^‡$ |
| $^‡$ Sales+streaming figures based on certification alone. |||
# Acte (mythology)

In Greek mythology, Acte (Ancient Greek: Ἀκτή, romanized: Aktê, lit. 'corn, meal'), also called Acme, was the ninth Hora (Hour) who presided over the hour of eating and pleasure, the second of the afternoon work hours.

## Family

Akte was sister of the other eleven Hora: Antolia (Sunrise), Auge (First Light), Musia (Hour of Music), Gymnasia (Hour of Exercise), Nymphe (Hour of Bath), Mesembria (Noon), Sponde (Libations), Elete (Hour of Prayer), Hesperis (Evening), Dysis (Sunset) and Arktos (Night Sky).
Their father was either Helios (Sun) or Chronos (Time).

## Namesake

Acte (Akte), also Actica, was the ancient name for Attica derived from its first ruler, Actaeus.