OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Yekaterinodarsky otdel

The Yekaterinodarsky otdel was a Cossack district (otdel) of the Kuban oblast of the Caucasus Viceroyalty of the Russian Empire. It bordered the Kavkazsky otdel to the north, the Tamansky otdel to the west, the Black Sea Governorate to the south, and the Maykopsky otdel to the east. The area of the Yekaterinodar otdel mostly corresponded to the contemporary Krasnodar Krai region of Russia. The district was eponymously named for its administrative center, Yekaterinodar (present-day Krasnodar).

## Administrative divisions

The subcounties (uchastoks) of the Yekaterinodarsky otdel in 1912 were as follows:
| Name | 1912 population |
| 1-y uchastok (1-й участокъ) | 82,661 |
| 2-y uchastok (2-й участокъ) | 59,843 |
| 3-y uchastok (3-й участокъ) | 32,407 |

## Demographics
### Russian Empire Census

According to the Russian Empire Census, the Yekaterinodarsky otdel had a population of 245,173 on 28 January [O.S. 15 January] 1897, including 125,832 men and 119,341 women. The majority of the population indicated Ukrainian to be their mother tongue, with significant Russian and Circassian speaking minorities.
Linguistic composition of the Yekaterindarsky otdel in 1897 :
| Language | Native speakers | % |
| Ukrainian | 126,941 | 51.78 |
| Russian | 83,751 | 34.16 |
| Circassian | 19,851 | 8.10 |
| Greek | 3,476 | 1.42 |
| Armenian | 2,807 | 1.14 |
| German | 1,481 | 0.60 |
| Belarusian | 1,328 | 0.54 |
| Romanian | 1,056 | 0.43 |
| Polish | 809 | 0.33 |
| Turkish | 935 | 0.38 |
| Jewish | 524 | 0.21 |
| Tatar | 411 | 0.17 |
| Mordovian | 356 | 0.15 |
| Romani | 248 | 0.10 |
| Georgian | 179 | 0.07 |
| Czech | 177 | 0.07 |
| Kyurin | 158 | 0.06 |
| Lithuanian | 126 | 0.05 |
| Bashkir | 110 | 0.04 |
| Persian | 94 | 0.04 |
| Kumyk | 42 | 0.02 |
| Ossetian | 41 | 0.02 |
| Avar-Andean | 30 | 0.01 |
| Latvian | 28 | 0.01 |
| Kazi-Kumukh | 24 | 0.01 |
| Bulgarian | 22 | 0.01 |
| Estonian | 9 | 0.00 |
| Kalmyk | 5 | 0.00 |
| Kabardian | 3 | 0.00 |
| Karachay | 3 | 0.00 |
| Nogai | 3 | 0.00 |
| Other | 145 | 0.06 |
| TOTAL | 245,173 | 100.00 |

### Kavkazskiy kalendar

According to the 1917 publication of Kavkazskiy kalendar, the Yekaterinodarsky otdel had a population of 371,788 on 14 January [O.S. 1 January] 1916, including 187,407 men and 184,381 women, 247,739 of whom were the permanent population, and 124,049 were temporary residents:
| Nationality | Urban | Urban | Rural | Rural | TOTAL | TOTAL |
| Nationality | Number | % | Number | % | Number | % |
| Russians | 88,508 | 85.41 | 236,408 | 88.16 | 324,916 | 87.39 |
| North Caucasians | 300 | 0.29 | 28,410 | 10.59 | 28,710 | 7.72 |
| Armenians | 5,900 | 5.69 | 2,520 | 0.94 | 8,420 | 2.26 |
| Other Europeans | 5,963 | 5.75 | 816 | 0.30 | 6,779 | 1.82 |
| Sunni Muslims | 1,084 | 1.05 | 0 | 0.00 | 1,084 | 0.29 |
| Georgians | 708 | 0.68 | 0 | 0.00 | 708 | 0.19 |
| Jews | 462 | 0.45 | 10 | 0.00 | 472 | 0.13 |
| Asiatic Christians | 385 | 0.37 | 0 | 0.00 | 385 | 0.10 |
| Roma | 269 | 0.26 | 0 | 0.00 | 269 | 0.07 |
| Kurds | 45 | 0.04 | 0 | 0.00 | 45 | 0.01 |
| TOTAL | 103,624 | 100.00 | 268,164 | 100.00 | 371,788 | 100.00 |
# Supreme Court of Somaliland

The Supreme Court of Somaliland (SCS; Somali: Maxkamadda Sare ee Jamhuuriyadda Somaliland; Arabic: المحكمة العليا في صوماليلاند) is the highest court under the Constitution of Somaliland. The Court holds the power of judicial review, the ability to invalidate a statute for violating a provision of the Constitution. it has ultimate and extensive appellate, original, and advisory jurisdictions on all courts (including the district court and regional court), involving issues of laws and may act on the verdicts rendered on the cases in context in which it enjoys jurisdiction. The court is headed by the chief justice of Somaliland who is appointed by the president of Somaliland, the current president of the Court is Adan Haji Ali.
# Karen Matevosyan

Karen Matevosyan (Armenian: Կարեն Մաթևոսյան) is an Armenian art historian. He currently heads the art history department at the Matenadaran in Yerevan.
Matevosyan has authored and co-authored 25 books and nearly 115 scientific articles on the history, architecture, and art of medieval Armenia, with a significant focus on the medieval capital of Ani, of which he is considered a specialist. He has previously worked at the National Gallery of Armenia and has taught at the Gevorgian Seminary of the Armenian Church and the Armenian State Pedagogical University.
# 2012 Open GDF Suez de Biarritz

The 2012 Open GDF Suez de Biarritz was a professional tennis tournament for women played on outdoor clay courts. It was the 10th edition of the tournament and was part of the 2012 ITF Women's Circuit. It took place in Biarritz, France between 9 and 15 July 2012. The singles championship was won by Romina Oprandi and the doubles championship by Séverine Beltrame and Laura Thorpe.

## WTA entrants
### Seeds

| Country | Player | Rank$^1$ | Seed |
| FRA | Pauline Parmentier | 70 | 1 |
| NED | Arantxa Rus | 72 | 2 |
| FRA | Mathilde Johansson | 81 | 3 |
| LUX | Mandy Minella | 83 | 4 |
| SUI | Romina Oprandi | 87 | 5 |
| FRA | Virginie Razzano | 91 | 6 |
| CZE | Eva Birnerová | 106 | 7 |
| ITA | Alberta Brianti | 113 | 8 |
* Rankings are as of June 25, 2012.

### Other entrants

The following players received wildcards into the singles main draw:
* Kristina Mladenovic
The following players received entry from the qualifying draw:
* Ulrikke Eikeri
* Mervana Jugić-Salkić
* Patrycja Sanduska
* Sofia Shapatava
The following players received entry through a Lucky loser spot:
* Angelina Gabueva
* Amandine Hesse

## Champions
### Singles

* Romina Oprandi def. Mandy Minella, 7–5, 7–5

### Doubles

* Séverine Beltrame / Laura Thorpe def. Lara Arruabarrena Vecino / Monica Puig, 6–2, 6–3
# Scauniperga

Scauniperga (fl. 756), was a duchess of Benevento. She was the mother of Liutprand of Benevento, and reigned by his side from 751 to 756.
Scauniperga was married to Gisulf II, and became the head of the regency and regent of Benevento when her underage son succeeded to the Duchy in 751. During the regency, she had herself listed first in official documents and referred to as dux (Duke), the same title as that of her son. She supported King Aistulf by recognizing his authority and thus confirmed the duchy as a royal vassal state to the kingdom.

## Sources

* Chris Wickham: The Inheritance of Rome: A History of Europe from 400 to 1000
# Bakhtiyor Choriyev

Bakhtiyor Choriyev (born 19 April 1992) is a Tajikistani player, who currently plays for CSKA Pamir.

## Career
### Club

On 14 January 2019, Choriyev signed a new contract with FK Khujand.
On 30 July 2021, Khujand announced that Choriyev had left the club to sign for FK Istaravshan.

### International

He has been a member of the Tajikistan national football team since 2013.

## Career statistics
### International

Tajikistan national team :
| Year | Apps | Goals |
| 2013 | 1 | 0 |
| 2014 | 1 | 0 |
| 2015 | 0 | 0 |
| 2016 | 2 | 0 |
| Total | 4 | 0 |
Statistics accurate as of match played 13 November 2016
# Ryabets

Ryabets or Riabets (Ukrainian: Рябець) is a Ukrainian surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Bohdan Riabets (born 1991), Ukrainian footballer
* Nadezhda Ryabets (born 2000), Kazakhstani boxer
# Vytautas Lesčinskas

Vytautas Lesčinskas (20 January 1922 – 8 August 1977) was a Lithuanian basketball player. He won the gold medal with the Lithuania national basketball team during EuroBasket 1939.
Lesčinskas died in Kaunas on 8 August 1977, at the age of 55.
# Jānis Lidmanis

Jānis Lidmanis (18 January 1910 – 29 November 1986) was a Latvian footballer and basketballer.

## Career

In the 1930s he was the captain of Latvia national football team for which he made 55 appearances (second result in the pre-war Latvian team) and scored 2 goals.
Lidmanis played of the football club Rīgas FK, the top Riga club of that era, and together with Ēriks Pētersons and Sergejs Maģers he made up the center midfield in the national team. One of his strengths was in the hands (he also played basketball and even played for Latvia in EuroBasket 1935), he also performed corner-kicks.
In 1944 Lidmanis together with his family immigrated to Germany and in 1949 to Australia. He died in Melbourne, Australia on 29 November 1986.
# Hypatius of Bithynia

Hypatius of Bithynia (Greek: Ὑπάτιος; died ca. 450) was a monk and hermit of the fifth century. A Phrygian, he became a hermit at the age of nineteen in Thrace. He then traveled to Constantinople and then Chalcedon with another hermit named Jason. He became abbot of a hermitage at Chalcedon.
He was an opponent of Nestorianism and sheltered Alexander Akimetes and others whose safety was threatened by the Nestorians.
He is credited with halting a revival of the Olympic games because of their pagan origins.
His feast day is June 17 in the Eastern Orthodox and Byzantine Catholic Churches.
# Guram Minashvili

Guram Minashvili (Georgian: გურამ მინაშვილი; 25 November 1936 – 1 March 2015) was a Georgian basketball player who competed for the Soviet Union in the 1960 Summer Olympics.
# Marpissa, Paros

Marpissa (Greek: Μάρπησσα, until 1926 Tsipidos, Greek: Τσιπίδος) is a village and a community in Paros, Greece. It is built on a hill at the east side of the island. It is 19 kilometres (12 mi) away from Parikia, the capital of the island, and near the villages of Marmara and Prodromos. According to the 2021 census, it has 1,319 inhabitants. Marpissa has been characterised as a traditional settlement.

## History

On the west slopes of mount Profitis Ilias, near Marpissa, lies the cave of the Demons or Kalampaki. In the cave evidence of use from the late Neolithic and early Cycladic period, which correspond to fifth to third millennium BC, as well as findings dating from the late Cycladic and Mycenaean period. The findings include ceramics, like conical cups, seashells, animal bones and remains of fire. An ancient town known as Marpessa is mentioned in Paros, but its location remains unspecified.
Near Marpissa lies the hill of Kephalos, on top of which the Venetians built a castle, the third in the island after those in Parikia and Naousa. The construction of the castle, according to archaeological evidence, started in late 13th century. The castle was ready in the start of the 15th century, when it was mentioned by Cristoforo Buondelmonti (1415-1420). Furthermore, the inaugurational inscription at the church of Evaggelismos mentions 1410 as year of construction. The castle was expanded in circa 1500 by Niccolo Sommaripa, who moved the capital of the island from Parikia to Kephalos. Hayreddin Barbarossa sieged and conquered the castle in 1537.
Marpissa may have started developing during the second half of the 16th century, with the creation of a fortress-like settlement. Possibly, Marpissa, Marmara and Prodromos were created by the inhabitants of Kephalos castle and nearby hamlets. Marpissa and Marmara are mentioned in the Ottoman sources of late 17th century.

## Food and culture

As Marpissa is a traditional village, almost all restaurants and shops retain a traditional white color, as well as offering traditional goods (traditional dishes and traditional clothing).
The local residents live quite traditional lives, wearing traditional clothing, as well as eating traditional Greek food (and observing cultural traditions such as fasting for lent).

## Places of interest

Marpissa has been characterised as a traditional settlement, with many houses dating from the 17th and 18th century. In the central square of the village lie four windmills. The village is home of Perantinos Sculpture Museum and a Folklore Museum. On top Kastellos hill, at the location of the ruined castle, lies the monastery of Saint Antonios.

## Traditions

During the Holy Week in Marpissa takes place a reenactment of the Passion of Jesus.
# Sergei Monia

Sergei Alexandrovich Monia (Russian: Сергей Александрович Моня; born 15 April 1983) is a Russian former professional basketball player. He was selected by the NBA club the Portland Trail Blazers, in the first round (23rd overall) of the 2004 NBA draft. At a height of 2.02 m (6 ft 7+1⁄2 in) tall, he played at both the small forward and power forward positions.

## Professional career

Monia played briefly for the Portland Trail Blazers and the Sacramento Kings, during the 2005–06 NBA season, playing in 26 games and averaging 3 points per game, in 13 minutes per game.
On 23 February 2006 Monia and Seattle SuperSonics' center Vitaly Potapenko, were traded to the Kings, in exchange for power forward Brian Skinner (who ended up with the Trail Blazers), in a three-team deal. Monia saw action in only three games for the Kings, and was waived on 28 July 2006, because of his desire to play professionally in the Russian Superleague A for Dynamo Moscow.
In June 2010, Monia signed a two-year deal with the Russian club Khimki. With them, he won the EuroCup championship in 2012. In June 2012, he extended his contract with Khimki, for two more years. On 6 March 2015 he signed a new three-year contract extension with Khimki.
On 13 June 2023, Monia announced his retirement.

## National team career

Monia has also been a member of the senior Russian national basketball team. With the Russian national team, he played at the EuroBasket 2003, the EuroBasket 2005, the 2008 Summer Olympics, the EuroBasket 2009, the 2010 FIBA World Championship, the EuroBasket 2013, and the EuroBasket 2015. He also won a gold medal at the EuroBasket 2007, a bronze medal at the EuroBasket 2011, and a bronze at the 2012 Summer Olympics.

## Career statistics
### NBA
#### Regular season

| Year | Team | GP | GS | MPG | FG% | 3P% | FT% | RPG | APG | SPG | BPG | PPG |
| 2005–06 | Portland | 23 | 15 | 14.6 | .341 | .273 | .667 | 2.2 | .8 | .3 | .2 | 3.3 |
| 2005–06 | Sacramento | 3 | 0 | 2.3 | .000 | .000 | 1.000 | .3 | .0 | .3 | .0 | .7 |
| Career | | 26 | 15 | 13.2 | .333 | .265 | .714 | 2.0 | .7 | .3 | .2 | 3.0 |
# Yuri Ozerov (basketball)

Yuri Viktorovich Ozerov (Russian: Юрий Викторович Озеров; July 5, 1928 – February 25, 2004) was a Russian basketball player who competed for the Soviet Union in the 1952 Summer Olympics and in the 1956 Summer Olympics. He trained at Dynamo in Moscow.
He was a member of the Soviet team which won the silver medal. He played all eight matches. Four years later he won his second silver medal as part of the Soviet team.

## Footnotes

* ↑ Yuri Ozerov at Olympedia
* ↑ Boris Khavin (1979). All about Olympic Games (in Russian) (2nd ed.). Moscow: Fizkultura i sport. p. 307.
* ↑ Evans, Hilary; Gjerde, Arild; Heijmans, Jeroen; Mallon, Bill; et al. "Yuri Ozerov Olympic Results". Olympics at Sports-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. Archived from the original on 18 April 2020. Retrieved 15 June 2018.
# Sea star-associated densovirus

Sea star-associated densovirus (SSaDV) belongs to the Parvoviridae family. Like the other members of its family, it is a single-stranded DNA virus. SSaDV has been suggested to be an etiological agent of sea star wasting disease, but conclusive evidence has not yet been obtained. Further work in 2018 and 2020 re-examined the association between SSaDV and sea star wasting and found no evidence in both the original work and subsequent surveys of sea stars. More recently, densoviruses associated with echinoderms were recognized as forming persistent infections in their hosts and become endogenized within sea star genomic DNA. Densoviruses including SSaDV become more pronounced during sea star wasting progression, but no single strain is associated with sea star wasting disease.

## Epidemiology

SSaDV occurs in sea stars from southern Alaska to Baja California. It tends to occur during large outbreaks of starfish-afflicting diseases with high mortality rates, as it has in 1972, 1978, 2013, and 2014. See Sea star wasting disease. The virus was observed in wasting Pycnopodia helianthoides, and detected in small quantities in healthy sea stars and aquarium sediments. The highest viral load was found in the body wall of the central disk. A similar virus infecting sea stars on the Atlantic Coast of North America is found in only healthy specimens. As of 2021, SSaDV is no longer believed to be associated with sea star wasting disease but may rather be one of many viruses that replicate as a consequence of disease process.

## Structure

The genomic characteristics of SSaDV are similar to the other members of the genus Ambidensovirus. It is predicted to be a non-enveloped icosahedral particle at ~25 nm, although the virus has never been imaged.
# Hôpital Charles-Foix

The Hôpital Charles-Foix is a public hospital from Assistance Publique–Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) located at 7 avenue de la République, in Ivry-sur-Seine (Val-de-Marne).
On January 1, 2011, the two Pitié-Salpêtrière and Charles-Foix hospital groups were merged into a single hospital group.
It is affiliated with Sorbonne University.

## Notable Doctors

* Paul Michaux, French surgeon
# Silvio Cator

Sylvio or Silvio Paul Cator (October 19, 1900 – July 21, 1952) was a Haitian athlete most successful in the long jump. He earned a silver medal in the long jump at the 1928 Summer Olympics.

## Biography

Born in Cavaillon, Haiti, Cator was a footballer who played for the Trivoli Athletic Club and the Racing Club Haïtien. He participated in the 1924 Summer Olympics in Paris in the high jump, where he finished 15th, and the long jump, where he came in 12th.
In the 1928 Summer Olympics in Amsterdam he won a silver medal in the long jump. His 7.58 m effort was 16 cm short of gold (Edward Hamm). A month later, on September 9, 1928, Sylvio Cator broke Edward Hamm's two-month-old world record with a 7.93 m jump at the 1924 Olympic stadium near Paris. He participated one more time in the long jump at the 1932 games in Los Angeles, where he took the 9th place.
As of 2021, his silver medal is the best result of a Haitian athlete in the Olympics, with only one other medal (bronze) for the Haitian free rifle team in the 1924 Olympics. His world record long jump is still (2021) the Haitian national record.
In 1946 Cator was elected Mayor of Port-au-Prince. Stade Sylvio Cator, a multi-use stadium in that city, was named after him and was finished in the year of his death in Port-au-Prince. In 1958, Haiti issued a series of seven stamps commemorating Cator's Olympic medal and world record 30 years before.
# 100 Great Detectives

100 Great Detectives (ISBN 978-0-881-84920-2) is a book written by Maxim Jakubowski. Its original title was 100 Great Detectives or the Detective Directory and was published by Carroll & Graf Publishers on 1 January 1991.
100 Great Detectives later went on to win the Anthony Award for Best Critical Work in 1992.
# Multisystemic smooth muscle dysfunction syndrome

Multisystemic smooth muscle dysfunction syndrome (MSMDS) is a genetic disorder caused by R179 missense mutations in the ACTA2 gene. Initially described as a case report in 1999, it was characterized in 2010 as a syndrome of congenital mydriasis, patent ductus arteriosus, and aneurysmal arterial disease—in particular aortic and thoracic aneurysms. The disorder has variable penetrance, ranging from severely symptomatic and fatal in early neonatal period to a more benign and manageable course with surgical intervention.

## Signs and symptoms

Signs and symptoms are usually detectable prenatally or shortly after birth. In its severe manifestations, MSMDS has been associated with prune belly sequence. In less severe forms, the earliest signs of MSMDS are congenital fixed mydriasis (can be misdiagnosed as partial aniridia), and a PDA requiring surgical intervention. Most carriers of the mutation will eventually develop thoracic arterial disease between the ages of 10–25.

## Pathogenesis

The most commonly associated mutation with MSMDS is R179H.

## Management

Management of MSMDS requires lifelong surveillance and surgical intervention when required. The first comprehensive guidelines were published in 2018 by the same group that first categorized the syndrome in 2010.
# Le Barroux

Le Barroux (French pronunciation:; Occitan: Lo Barós) is a village and commune in the Vaucluse department in the Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur region in southeastern France. It had a population of 629 in 2017.

## History

Its current name derives from the Latin Albaruffum.
Its castle was built in the 12th century to oppose Saracen and Italian incursions, and went through major overhauls in the 16th and 17th centuries. The castle was damaged during the French Revolution, was repaired in 1929 using private funds, was set on fire by German occupation troops in 1944 as a reprisal for acts of resistance, and restored again after 1960. In its chapel are 18th-century wall paintings that are registered as historical monuments.
Its parish Church is dedicated to Saint John the Baptist.
Outside the village is the traditionalist Roman Catholic Benedictine Abbey named Sainte-Madeleine du Barroux, founded in 1978 by Dom Gérard Calvet (1927–2008).
Charles, Prince of Wales spent a week in the village in November 1990, convalescing after an operation.
Le Barroux is sister town with the English village of Much Marcle in Herefordshire.

## Economy

* Agriculture. Vineyards around the village produce Côtes du Ventoux AOC wine. Other productions are olive oil, cherries and apricots.
* Tourism. Visitors are attracted to the picturesque medieval village and castle and to the Benedictine abbey. Cyclists are attracted by the proximity of the Mont Ventoux, a mountain often featured in the Tour de France.
* Le Barroux, south side
* Benedictine abbey
* Castle
* Parish Church
# Dərəkənd, Khojavend

Derekend (Azerbaijani: Dərəkənd) or Tsamdzor (Armenian: Ծամձոր) is a village in the Khojavend District of Azerbaijan, in the disputed region of Nagorno-Karabakh. The village had an ethnic Armenian-majority population prior to the 2020 Nagorno-Karabakh war, and also had an Armenian majority in 1989.

## History

During the Soviet period, the village was part of the Hadrut District of the Nagorno-Karabakh Autonomous Oblast. After the First Nagorno-Karabakh War, the village was administrated as part of the Hadrut Province of the breakaway Republic of Artsakh. The village came under the control of Azerbaijan during the 2020 Nagorno-Karabakh war.

## Historical heritage sites

Historical heritage sites in and around the village include a cemetery from between the 16th and 19th centuries, the church of Surb Astvatsatsin (Armenian: Սուրբ Աստվածածին, lit. 'Holy Mother of God') built in 1696, a bridge from between the 17th and 19th centuries, and a reservoir created in the 19th century.

## Demographics

The village had 54 inhabitants in 2005, and 47 inhabitants in 2015.
# Longate

Longate is a street in Peterhead, Scotland. It runs for about 0.18 miles (0.29 km), from North Street in the north to Broad Street in the south.

## History

Peterhead developed uphill between the shore and Longate, which—until the development of Broad Street in the late 18th century—was the main historic district of the town.
Longate Castle, built in the late 16th century, stood at the northern end of Longate, at its junction with today's Brook Lane. Despite its name, it was a townhouse, not a castle. It was demolished around two centuries later, after it had been in use as the Yokieshill Inn and a plague house.
In 1816, Peter Buchan established the Auchmedden Press in Longate. The press, constructed by Buchan, was made of wood, iron and brass. The following year, the press published the first edition of The Selector, the first periodical undertaken and printed in Peterhead. The press was in operation until 1830.
On 22 December 1715, James Francis Edward Stuart, Prince of Wales, arrived in Peterhead from Dunkirk and stayed "in an ancient house in Longate," where he was visited by the Earl Marischal. The Marischal's last Baron Baillie, Thomas Arbuthnot, put the town on alert for war by summoning able-bodied men and their weapons. The prince left for Newburgh, and the town, by forfeiture of the Keiths, suffered for its loyalty.
Joseph May owned a bakery at 28 Longate in the late 19th century. He was prosecuted in May 1896 for "employing young person at night".