OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Vanishing bile duct syndrome

Vanishing bile duct syndrome is a loose collection of diseases leading to hepatic bile duct injury and eventual ductopenia.

## Signs and symptoms

The presentation is dependent upon the underlying cause. The course can be rapid or chronic.
* Fatigue
* Anorexia
* Abdominal pain
* Weight loss
* Pruritus
* Hyperlipidemia
* Malabsorption
* Fat-soluble vitamin deficiencies
* Elevated alkaline phosphatase
* Elevated gamma-glutamyltransferase
* Elevated conjugated bilirubin

## Cause
### Congenital

In fetal and neonatal life the ductal plates are remodeled. The malformations can be atretic or fibrocystic.

#### Atretic causes

* Intrahepatic bile duct atresia (Alagille syndrome) (ALGS2 MIM:610205 and ALGS1 MIM:118450)
* Extrahepatic bile duct atresia

#### Fibrocystic causes

* Autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease
* Congential hepatic fibrosis
* Caroli's disease
* Von Meyenburg complex

#### Chromosomal associations

* Trisomy 17, 18 and 21

#### Genetic associations

* Cystic fibrosis
* Alpha 1 antitrypsin deficiency
* Trihydroxycoprostanic acidemia
* Byler's disease

### Immunologic associations

Bile duct injury and loss can result from autoimmune destruction. T cells recognize biliary epithelial cell antigens causing injury and eventual atresia.

### Other causes

* Primary biliary cirrhosis
* Primary sclerosing cholangitis
* Hodgkin's lymphoma
* Chronic graft-versus-host disease
* Drugs(chlorpromazine)/Toxins
* Ischemia

## Treatment

Treatment is dependent upon the underlying cause. Treatment is supportive as it is not possible to induce regrowth of lost ducts.

### Medical therapies

* Ursodeoxycholic acid
* Immunosuppression
** General consensus is that more studies are needed before this can be considered
* Organ transplant
# Masa, Gurabo, Puerto Rico

Masa is a barrio in the municipality of Gurabo, Puerto Rico. Its population in 2010 was 1,522.

## History

Masa was in Spain's gazetteers until Puerto Rico was ceded by Spain in the aftermath of the Spanish–American War under the terms of the Treaty of Paris of 1898 and became an unincorporated territory of the United States. In 1899, the United States Department of War conducted a census of Puerto Rico finding that the combined population of Masa and Jaguar barrios was 1,270.

## Sectors

Barrios (which are, in contemporary times, roughly comparable to minor civil divisions) in turn are further subdivided into smaller local populated place areas/units called sectores (sectors in English). The types of sectores may vary, from normally sector to urbanización to reparto to barriada to residencial, among others.
The following sectors are in Masa barrio:
Camino Santos Garcia, Parcelas Viejas Ramón T. Colón, Reverendo Pedro Parrilla, Sector Buenos Aires, Sector Eugenio Ruiz, Sector Goyo Márquez, Sector Julio Boria, Sector Lomas del Viento, Sector Los Rivero, Sector Los Viera, Sector Masa I, Sector Masa II, Sector Miranda, Sector Peyo Alemán, Sector Resto, and Sector Santana.
# Revolutionary Youth Alliance

Revolutionary Youth Alliance (Portuguese: Aliança da Juventude Revolucionária - AJR) is a Trotskyist political youth movement in Brazil, being a faction of the Workers' Cause Party (PCO). AJR publishes Juventude Revolucionária and works within the National Students Union (UNE). AJR also takes part in student council elections.
# Urta Qeshlaq-e Olya

Urta Qeshlaq-e Olya (Persian: اورتاقشلاق عليا, also Romanized as Ūrtā Qeshlāq-e ‘Olyā; also known as Ūrtā Qeshlāq) is a village in Quri Chay-ye Gharbi Rural District, Saraju District, Maragheh County, East Azerbaijan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 213, in 36 families.
# Inner Rothorn

The Inner Rothorn is a mountain of the Swiss Pennine Alps, overlooking Saas-Balen in the canton of Valais. It lies on the ridge descending from the Fletschhorn, which ends at the Jegihorn.
According to the Swiss Alpine Club's route archive, all ascents come with an F difficulty (facile).
# Matthew of Vendôme (abbot)

Matthew of Vendôme (French: Mathieu de Vendôme) was the abbot of Saint-Denis from 1258 until 1286 and one of the regents of France from 1270 until 1271.
Born around 1222, Matthew was a native of Vendôme. Although he is often said to have been a relative of the counts of Vendôme, there is no evidence of this. He most likely entered Saint-Denis out of devotion to Saint Denis, whose cult was kept at the parish church of Thoré in the Vendômois. This church had once been a property of Saint-Denis, but in 1060 it was acquired by the Abbey of La Trinité in Vendôme. It is possible that Matthew first professed as a monk at La Trinité before transferring to Saint-Denis. He was at Saint-Denis by the mid-1240s, for in 1282 he testified to a commission of inquiry into the sainthood of King Louis IX that the king had visited the abbey before the Seventh Crusade (1248–1254).
In 1258, Matthew was elected to succeed Abbot Henri Mallet, under whose rule the monastery had gained a reputation for laxity. He sent a delegation to Rome to obtain confirmation, as required of abbeys directly subject to the Holy See. Pope Alexander IV also released him from the debts racked up by his predecessor, while Louis IX relieved the abbey of the duty of providing hospitality (gîte) to the king and his household. Before the end of the year Matthew had received consecration from the archbishop of Sens.
Along with Simon of Nesle, Matthew acted as regent of France during Louis IX's absence on the Eighth Crusade in 1270. Louis set out on his crusade from the abbey, taking the Oriflamme from the altar and receiving the abbot's blessing. Matthew continued as regent after Louis's death on crusade until the return of his son, Philip III. He served as Philip's chief minister and "handled the day-to-day administration" until the king's death in 1285.
Matthew was a notable patron of art and letters. He initiated a program of tomb refurbishment, possibly at the instigation of Louis IX, to bolster Saint-Denis's position as the royal necropolis. The tombs were completed in 1267, safeguarding the abbey as the preferred site for royal burial against the claims of Royaumont Abbey. Under Matthew, Saint-Denis produced the first redaction of the illustrated vernacular royal history of France, the Grandes Chroniques de France. The presentation copy given to Philip III in 1274 still survives. The production of this work was certainly overseen personally by Matthew.
# Bi Nahr-e Sofla

Bi Nahr-e Sofla (Persian: بي نهرسفلي, also Romanized as Bī Nahr-e Soflá; also known as Bīnahr-e Soflá) is a village in Qalkhani Rural District, Gahvareh District, Dalahu County, Kermanshah Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 107, in 25 families.
# 1993 (disambiguation)

1993 was a common year starting on Friday of the Gregorian calendar.
1993 may also refer to:
* 1993 (number)
* 1993 (film)
* 1993 (TV series), a 2017 Italian television series
* Iris 1993, a 1993 album by Romanian band Iris
* "1993", a 2019 song by Dreamville, from the album Revenge of the Dreamers III
# Šúrovce

Šúrovce (Hungarian: Súr) is a village and municipality of Trnava District in the Trnava region of Slovakia.
# Artabazes (military officer)

Artabazes (Greek: Ἀρταβάζης; died 542), whose name is often Latinized as Ardabastus, was a Sasanian cavalryman and later a Byzantine military officer, recorded taking part in the Roman-Persian Wars and Gothic War. He was killed just prior to the Battle of Faventia. The main source about him is Procopius.

## Biography

Artabazes was a Persarmenian. He originally served as a cavalryman (aswār) in the garrison of Sisauranon, a frontier stronghold of the Sasanian Empire which was captured by Belisarius. Together with his commander Bleschames and 800 other cavalrymen, he was sent to Italy to fight alongside the Byzantines. He is first recorded in 542 as an archon of the Byzantine army, but his rank is not specified in primary sources. He was one of the Byzantine troops marching against the city of Verona, an Ostrogoth stronghold. The Byzantine forces consisted of about 12,000 men, with Constantianus and Alexander as co-commanders.
The Byzantines managed to bribe or otherwise win over Marcianus, one of the sentinels of the city. He was to open a city gate at night so that a small Byzantine unit would seize the gate and prepare the entry for the rest of the army. Artabazes was chosen to lead the operation and his unit for the night consisted of 100 hand-picked men. The small force entered the city, but the rest of the Byzantine army failed to arrive on time. The co-commanders were allegedly involved in a nightly dispute over how to divide the plunder once the city was taken. The delay proved disastrous and the Gothic garrison had time to organize itself and advance against Artabazes through the city gate which was still open, leaving the Byzantine unit trapped within the city. The subsequent fighting was an anomaly, as the Artabazes' men had to resist anattack from inside the city. Artabazes and his men retreated towards the battlement. Their only way of escape was to jump down from the city walls. They did so, with several of them killed by the fall.
Artabazes survived the battle mostly unhurt and returned to the Byzantine camp. He bitterly criticized the delay that cost them victory. The Byzantine army retreated towards Faventia and eventually camped next to a stream variously known as Anemo or Lamone. There, they were met by King Totila of the Ostrogoths (r. 541–552), marching against them with about 5,000 men. Artabazes is recorded urging his superiors to attack the enemy forces while they were still crossing the river. He argued that the disorder would gain their side an advantage, but his idea was ultimately rejected.
While the rival armies were preparing for battle, Artabazes was engaged in single combat on horseback against Valaris. The latter was a champion of the Goths, reportedly a giant of a man, whose appearance terrified his opponents. Artabazes accepted the challenge and managed to slay his opponent, but he himself was accidentally wounded in the throat and died three days later. Procopius praises him as a good soldier.
Ultimately, Totila won the Battle of Faventia and even managed to capture the imperial standards. He then took the initiative of invading Tuscany and besieging Florence.
# Er Rahad

Ar-Rahad (Arabic: ٱلـرَّهَـد, "The Water-shrine") is a city located in the state of North Kordofan, Sudan, at an altitude of 490 metres (1,610 feet) above sea level. It is about 379 kilometres (235 miles) away from the capital, Khartoum. It is a major railway station linking East and Central Sudan and the West, which is also a market for crops, especially hibiscus as well as livestock and also urban centers for nomadic shepherds in the region. It is the second largest local resource in North Kordofan after the Shikan locality.

## History

The region had a resistance movement against the Turkish-Egyptian rule during the Mahdia revolution led by Sheikh Mana Ismail Abu al-Batul, one of the leaders of the Juma'a tribe, who occupied the center of the titans before moving to the city of Bara and defeating its military protection and occupation and cutting supply routes from Khartoum to Kordofan. White City by the Mahdi in 1883. Al-Rahad also received some supporters of the revolution and its Mujahideen, where Sharif Yusuf al-Hindi, who was martyred in the battle of Sheikan before the fall of the El-Obeid. Today there is a shrine in the city of Al-Rahad

## Geography

The city of Al-Rahd is located between long lines 30,18 and 31.21 and latitudes 12.45 and 13.42 in the southern part of North Kordofan state. It is bordered to the south by South Kordofan State, to the east and north by Umm Rawaba and to the west by Shikan. There is a river called Rahad.

### Climate

Al-Rahad has a tropical climate characterized by warm summers and mild winters, with a peak temperature from April to June, averaging 36 °C (97 °F), while the temperature drops significantly in November and December to record 15 and 19 °C (59 and 66 °F), respectively. Rain falls in the summer, with the highest in June, 134 mm (5.3 in) on average, July 128 mm (5.0 in) in August and an average of 67 mm (2.6 in)
# Beyk

Beyk (Persian: بیک, also Romanized as Bīk and Beyg) is a village in Takmaran Rural District, Sarhad District, Shirvan County, North Khorasan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 632, in 153 families.
# Abort (computing)

In a computer or data transmission system, to abort means to terminate, usually in a controlled manner, a processing activity because it is impossible or undesirable for the activity to proceed or in conjunction with an error. Such an action may be accompanied by diagnostic information on the aborted process.
In addition to being a verb, abort also has two noun senses. In the most general case, the event of aborting can be referred to as an abort. Sometimes the event of aborting can be given a special name, as in the case of an abort involving a Unix kernel where it is known as a kernel panic. Specifically in the context of data transmission, an abort is a function invoked by a sending station to cause the recipient to discard or ignore all bit sequences transmitted by the sender since the preceding flag sequence.
In the C programming language, abort is a standard library function that terminates the current application and returns an error code to the host environment.

## Types of aborts

* User-Initiated Aborts: Users can often abort tasks using keyboard shortcuts (like Ctrl + C in terminal applications) or commands to terminate processes. This is especially useful for stopping unresponsive programs or those taking longer than expected to execute.
* Programmatic Aborts: Developers can implement abort logic in their code. For instance, when a program encounters an error or invalid input, it may call functions like abort in C or C++ to terminate execution. This approach helps prevent further errors or potential data corruption.
* System-Level Aborts: Operating systems might automatically abort processes under certain conditions, such as resource exhaustion or unresponsiveness. For example, a watchdog timer can terminate a process that remains idle beyond a specified time limit.
* Database Transactions: In database management, aborting (often termed ‘rolling back’) a transaction is crucial for maintaining data integrity. If a transaction cannot be completed successfully, aborting it returns the database to its previous state, which ensures that incomplete transactions don’t leave the data inconsistent.
Aborts are typically logged, especially in critical systems, to facilitate troubleshooting and improve future runs.
# Castle of Valongo

The Castle of Valongo (Portuguese: Castelo de Valongo) is a well-preserved medieval castle located in the civil parish of Nossa Senhora de Machede, in the municipality of Évora, Portuguese Évora.

## History

Jorge Alarcão, who reproduced an exact plan of the property, cited the Romans as the original founders, but there were few vestiges to support the theory.
Reference to the castle first appears in 1283, from letters of sale between the Infanta D. Leonor Afonso, daughter of King D. Afonso III, discovered by her descendants Pero Anes and D. João Peres Aboim.
There were indications that a tower had existed near the site of the castle. In the 14th century cartulary of the Sé Cathedral of Évora, the primitive tower or castle already existed before the construct of the structure known as the Castelo Velho, located on the opposite bank of Ribeira da Valongo on the margins of Alcorovisca. It was Roman mansion along the road.
Between the 15th and 16th century, the keep tower was repaired and included pointed tiled roofs, staircase brick and bay windows.
In the 19th century, the castle was acquired from the Marquesses of Valada, by their current property-owners.
The cracks and faults in the fortifications were cleaned and repaired in 1989, while the fractures were consolidated and reconstructed.
In November 2004, a map of the sites risk of deterioration and report was elaborated by the DGEMN Direcção Geral dos Edifícios e Monumentos Nacionais (Directorate General for Buildings and National Monuments).

## Architecture

The castle is located in a rural area, on an incline over a small platform over a gentle slope 200 metres (660 ft) isolated near the Ribeira de Valongo, an affluent of the Riberira do Degebe. It is circled by cork and holly oak and lands cultivated with wheat and sunflowers, and overlooking the Herdade da Grã (in the southeast) and Herdade de Morjoannes (in the northeast). To the east is the Barragem da Vigia dam and Monte Novo; to the south the lands of olive trees and vineyards of Herdade de Castelo Real; and in the southeast the Monte da Igreja and the old station of Ferro de Valongo.
The rectangular plan is composed by horizontal and orthogonal articulations, with four flights of parapets with four rectangular towers connected to articulations in the northeast, southeast, southwest and northwest. The ceilings are of varying heights, with battlements defined by the contours of the relief.
The principal facade, marked by a large portico with arched doorway exposed to the east, with a keep tower located in the northeast and corbel in the southeast. The remaining facades are marked by narrow cracks and parapets with corbels along their angles. The keep tower is oriented towards the west with its gate accessible by staircase.
The interior consists of three floors with ogival vaults, the last with battlement, supporting three large halls, illuminated by narrow openings. A staircase wraps around the keep, with an emphasis on the southwest.
# Sar Asiab, Dalahu

Sar Asiab (Persian: سراسياب, also Romanized as Sar Asīyāb, Sar Āsīāb, and Sar Aseyāb) is a village in Gurani Rural District, Gahvareh District, Dalahu County, Kermanshah Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 31, in 8 families.
# Sénas

Sénas (French pronunciation:; Occitan: Senàs) is a commune in the Bouches-du-Rhône department in the Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur region in Southern France. Sénas is located on the departmental border with Vaucluse, which follows the river Durance.

## Demographics

| Year | Pop. | ±% p.a. |
| 1793 | 1,350 | — |
| 1800 | 1,015 | −3.99% |
| 1806 | 1,240 | +3.39% |
| 1821 | 1,441 | +1.01% |
| 1831 | 1,491 | +0.34% |
| 1836 | 1,691 | +2.55% |
| 1841 | 1,862 | +1.95% |
| 1846 | 1,873 | +0.12% |
| 1851 | 2,020 | +1.52% |
| 1856 | 2,020 | +0.00% |
| 1861 | 2,080 | +0.59% |
| 1866 | 1,972 | −1.06% |
| 1872 | 1,987 | +0.13% |
| 1876 | 1,914 | −0.93% |
| 1881 | 1,845 | −0.73% |
| 1886 | 1,859 | +0.15% |
| 1891 | 1,800 | −0.64% |
| 1896 | 1,886 | +0.94% |
| Year | Pop. | ±% p.a. |
| 1901 | 2,055 | +1.73% |
| 1906 | 1,924 | −1.31% |
| 1911 | 1,877 | −0.49% |
| 1921 | 1,855 | −0.12% |
| 1926 | 2,027 | +1.79% |
| 1931 | 2,177 | +1.44% |
| 1936 | 2,262 | +0.77% |
| 1946 | 2,281 | +0.08% |
| 1954 | 2,575 | +1.53% |
| 1962 | 2,917 | +1.57% |
| 1968 | 3,008 | +0.51% |
| 1975 | 3,265 | +1.18% |
| 1982 | 3,906 | +2.59% |
| 1990 | 5,113 | +3.42% |
| 1999 | 5,618 | +1.05% |
| 2009 | 6,405 | +1.32% |
| 2014 | 7,006 | +1.81% |
| 2020 | 6,878 | −0.31% |
Source: EHESS and INSEE (1968–2020) :
# Bila, Chortkiv Raion, Ternopil Oblast

Bila (Ukrainian: Біла) is a village in Ukraine, Ternopil Oblast, Chortkiv Raion, Chortkiv urban hromada.

## History

The first written mention dates back to the XIV century, when a castle was built in the village.

## Religion

* Church of the Holy Apostle Andrew the First-Called (OCU),
* Church of the Nativity of the Blessed Virgin Mary (1903, OCU, brick),
* Church of the Exaltation of the Holy Cross (2008, UGCC)
* Church of the Resurrection (1751, lost, UGCC)
* Roman Catholic chapel (1899)

## People

* Petro Fedoryshyn (born 1949), Ukrainian journalist, editor, teacher, and sports figure

## In the literature

Petro Fedoryshyn has published two books about his family's village: U vodovertiakh Seretu (2012) and Vazhkyi kozhykh, ale svii (2015).
# Oreco

Valdemar Rodrigues Martíns, best known as Oreco, (born in Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, June 13, 1932 – April 3, 1985 in Ituverava, São Paulo) was a footballer who was on the winning team of the 1958 FIFA World Cup.

## Clubs

* Internacional (Santa Maria): 1949
* Internacional: 1950–1957
* Corinthians: 1957–1965
* Millonarios: 1965–1968
* Toluca: 1968–1970
* Dallas Tornado: 1970–1972

## Honours
### Internacional

* Campeonato Gaúcho Champions: 1950, 1951, 1952, 1953, 1955

### Millonarios

* Mustang Cup: 1966

### Dallas Tornado

* NASL Championship: 1971.

### Brazil

* Panamerican Championship: 1956
* FIFA World Cup: 1958
# Yuko Kusunoki

Yuko Kusunoki (楠侑子, Kusunoki Yūko, born 1933) is a Japanese actress. She appeared in more than twenty films since 1959.

## Selected filmography

| Year | Title | Role |
| 1963 | League of Gangsters | Masae |
| 1964 | Unholy Desire | |
| 1965 | House of Terrors | Yoshie |
| 1967 | Thirst for Love | Chieko |
| 1968 | Goke, Body Snatcher from Hell | Noriko Tokuyasu |
| 1969 | Eros + Massacre | Itsoku Masaoka |
| 1970 | Dodes'ka-den | Misao |
# Hietzinger Synagogue

The Hietzinger Synagogue (German: Hietzinger Synagoge), or New World Synagogue, was a Jewish congregation and synagogue, that was located at Eitelbergergasse 22, in Hietzing, in the 13th district of Vienna, Austria. The Hietzing Synagogue was the only free-standing synagogue built in Vienna between World War I and World War II; subsequently destroyed as a result of Kristallnacht.

## History

The congregation was established in 1904 and worshiped from premises located at Penzinger Straße 132. The building was too small for the growing congregation and, after several attempts, an international competition was held to design a new synagogue. The winners, Arthur Grünberger and Adolf Jelletz, designed the rectangular building in the Expressionist style, constructed between 1926 and 1928; and completed in 1931.
The synagogue was desecrated and partially destroyed during Kristallnacht in November 1938 and demolished the following year.
# Witches' Cave

The Witches' Cave (in Spanish, Caverna de las Brujas) is a cave, a nature reserve and a national natural monument in Argentina. It is located in the Moncol Hill, at 1,830 metres (6,000 ft) above mean sea level, within the Malargüe Department, in the south of Mendoza Province (Cuyo region), about 65 kilometres (40 mi) southwest of the town of Malargüe.
The cave covers an area of 4.5 square kilometres (1.7 sq mi) and was declared a provincial reserve (Reserva Provincial Caverna de las Brujas) in 1990. It is a solutional limestone cave, formed by Jurassic sedimentary rock that rose from the ocean as the Andes emerged during the Cenozoic Era. The rock was eroded by underground water currents and vertically fractured. Further erosion occurred at the end of the last Ice Age, when precipitation was much higher than today.
The Witches' Cave is home to many speleothems (such as stalactites and stalagmites), deep underground water galleries, and large vaulted spaces called Sala de la Virgen (Virgin Room) and Las Flores (The Flowers). It hosts a particular fauna adapted to live without solar radiation (spiders and springtails). The galleries closest to the entrance are occasional shelters for bats and mice.
About 6 kilometres (3.7 mi) of the cave's passages have been explored. The site is one of the major tourist attractions in southern Mendoza, but visitors are only granted access (with a guide and proper equipment) to the first 200 metres (660 ft) of galleries, which are already damaged.
# Henda

Henda is a feminine given name. It has several unrelated origins. As a name of Yiddish origin (Hebrew: הֶענדָא) it means "gracious" or "merciful" in Hebrew. It can also be a shortened form of the Dutch name Hendrika, cognate to the Germanic name Henry. Notable people named Henda include:
* Henda Ayari (born 1976), French writer, feminist and secular activist
* Henda Ducados (born 1964), French-Angolan economist and sociologist
* Henda Swart (born 1939), South African mathematician
* Henda Zaouali (born 1960), retired Tunisian fencer