OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Middle Dnieper culture

The Middle Dnieper culture or the Middle Dnipro culture (Ukrainian: Середньодніпро́вська культу́ра, romanized: Seredn'odniprovs'ka kul'tura; Belarusian: Сярэднедняпроўская культура, romanized: Siaredniedniaproûskaja kuĺtura) is a formative early expression of the Corded Ware culture, ca. 2800–1800 BC, of northern Ukraine and Belarus.

## Distribution

As the name indicates, it was centered on the middle reach of the Dnieper River and is contemporaneous with the latter phase and then a successor to the Indo-European Yamnaya culture, as well as to the latter phase of the Cucuteni–Trypillia culture.
Geographically, the Middle Dnieper culture is directly behind the area occupied by the Globular Amphora culture (south and east), and while commencing a little later and lasting a little longer, it is otherwise contemporaneous with it.
The Fatyanovo–Balanovo culture is, in turn, considered an eastern extension of the Middle Dnieper culture.

## Characteristics

More than 200 sites are attested to, mostly as barrow inhumations under tumuli; some of these burials are secondary depositions into Yamnaya-era kurgans. Grave goods included pottery and stone battle-axes. There is some evidence of cremation in the northerly area. Settlements seem difficult to define; the economy was much like that of the Yamna and Corded Ware cultures, semi-to-fully-nomadic pastoralism.

## Ethnicity

Within the context of the Kurgan hypothesis of Marija Gimbutas, this culture is a major center for migrations (or invasions, if one prefers) from the Yamnaya culture and its immediate successors into Northern and Central Europe.
It has been argued that the area where the Middle Dnieper culture is situated would have provided a better migration route for steppe tribes along the Pripyat tributary of the Dnieper and perhaps provided the cultural bridge between Yamnaya and Corded Ware cultures. This area has also been a classic invasion route, as seen historically with the armies of the Mongol Golden Horde (moving east to west from the steppes) and Napoleon Bonaparte (moving west to east from Europe).
On the other hand, the Middle-Dnieper culture has been viewed as a contact zone between Yamnaya steppe tribes and occupants of the forest steppe zone, possibly signaling communications between pre-Indo-Iranian speakers and pre-Balto-Slavs as interpreted by an exchange of material goods evident in the archaeological record sans migration.
# Limete Tower

The Limete Tower (also known as French: Tour de l'Échangeur; "Interchange Tower" or French: Tour des Héros nationaux du Congo; "Tower of the National Heroes of Congo") is a tower located in the commune of Limete in Kinshasa, the capital city of the Democratic Republic of the Congo.

## History

President Mobutu Sese Seko decided to rename the Boulevard Léopold II, a major road connecting N'djili Airport to the city centre, to Boulevard Lumumba in 1966, a year after taking over power. He also wanted to erect a monument to Patrice Lumumba at the cross-road to Limete from the boulevard. The foundation stone for the tower was laid by Julius Nyerere, then the president of Tanzania, on November 24, 1967, while construction began in 1969. The design for the tower was by French-Tunisian architect Olivier-Clément Cacoub and construction to be done by a Yugoslav company. The top of the tower was supposed to be a copper spire with the tower comprising four cylindrical columns of reinforced concrete. Construction stopped by 1974 after the building reached 12 floors. The tower complex stood as a white elephant for many years. The tower stands at a square which was called Exchange Square until 2011 when it was renamed as Reconstruction Square.
A statue of Patrice Lumumba was erected in the square on January 17, 2002. Additional construction work around the base and the square began in 2010 under the presidency of Joseph Kabila, by adding an amusement park, fountains and a performing arts venue at a cost of US$11 million. The tower also hosts the Museum of Contemporary and Multimedia Arts which has collections of Congolese artists and sculptors.
# Vladislav Rubin

Vladislav Rubin (Belarusian: Уладзіслаў Рубін; Russian: Владислав Рубин; born 22 March 1999) is a Belarusian professional footballer who plays for Kolos Chervyen.
# Mohamed-Bouazizi Square

Mohamed Bouazizi Square (French: Place Mohamed-Bouazizi) is a lane located in the Parc Montsouris district of the 14th arrondissement of Paris.

## Location and access

The Mohamed-Bouazizi Square is served nearby by the RATP Bus Network 21 62.

## Origin of the name

It bears the name of Mohamed Bouazizi, whose self-immolation in Sidi Bouzid in Tunisia, in December 2010, was one of the triggers of the 2011 Tunisian Revolution and, which extended to the 2011 Arab Spring.

## History

The square, overlooking the avenue de la Sibelle, was built as part of the development of the ZAC Alésia-Montsouris under the provisional name of "route BO / 14" and took its current name in 2011.
The name of the place was adopted by a unanimous vote by Council of Paris on 8 February 2011 although it is generally required to wait at least five years after the death of a person.
The place was inaugurated on 30 June 2011 by the Mayor of Paris. Bertrand Delanoë, in the presence of the mother and members of the young man's family, as well as Mokhtar Trifi, president of the Tunisian Human Rights League. The plaque of the square indicates: "In tribute to the Tunisian people and its revolution of January 2011".

## Remarkable buildings and memorials

The square, originally planted with European tree species, is also elaborated with palm trees, north African, of great value. There is also a games area, with its cement tables for people to play table tennis. This game area overlooks Parc Montsouris.
# Brazilian Symphony Orchestra

The Brazilian Symphony Orchestra (Portuguese: Orquestra Sinfônica Brasileira, OSB) is a Brazilian orchestra. Founded in 1940, it is located at Avenida Rio Branco, downtown Rio de Janeiro. It is one of the country's foremost orchestras, performing more than 5,000 concerts since its inauguration.

## History

The creation of the OSB was an idea of three teachers of the National School of Music – Djalma Soares, Antão Soares and Antônio Leopardi. Excited by the NBC Orchestra tour of Brazil, under the direction of Arturo Toscanini, they sought maestro José Siqueira to take the initiative. With the support of corporate and political personalities and with special publicity in the newspaper O Globo, the OSB emerged as a corporation in 1940. The inaugural concert was on Thursday, 11 July 1940, a date chosen in honor of the composer Carlos Gomes, his birthday. As their first artistic director was nominated the Hungarian conductor exiled in Brazil, Eugen Szenkar.

## Members
### Directors

* Eugen Szenkar (1940–1948)
* Lamberto Baldi [de; es; pt] (1949–1951)
* Eleazar de Carvalho (1952–1957, 1960–1962, 1966–1969)
* Alceo Bocchino [pt] (1963–1965)
* Isaac Karabtchevsky (1969–1994)
* Roberto Tibiriçá [pt] (1995–1997)
* Yeruham Scharovsky (1998–2004)
* Roberto Minczuk (2005–2011)
* Pablo Castellar [pt] and Fernando Bicudo (2011–2012)
* Pablo Castellar (2012–present)

### Council presidents

* Arnaldo Guinle (1940–1948, 1956–1962)
* Adalberto de Lara Resende (1948–1952)
* Euvaldo Lodi (1952–1956)
* Luís Guimarães Filho (1962–1964)
* Murilo Miranda (1964–1965)
* Eugênio Gudin (1966–1968)
* Otávio Gouveia de Bulhões [es; pt] (1968–1986)
* Mário Henrique Simonsen (1987–1996)
* Roberto Paulo Cezar de Andrade (1997)

### Concert masters

* Ricardo Odnoposoff (1940–1942)
* Oscar Borgeth (1942–1945)
* Henry Siegel (1945–1946)
* Santino Parpinelli (1945–1946)
* Anselmo Zlatopolski (1947–1965)
* Gian Carlo Pareschi (1965–1966)
* Francisco Corujo (1966–1977)
* Israel Terc Malziac (1974–1977)
* João Daltro de Almeida (1978–1993)
* Ricardo Cyncynates (1981–1984)
* Michel Bessler [pt] (1977–2015)
* Martin Tuksa (2000)

### Most active soloists

Followed by number of concerts
* Nelson Freire (piano) (89)
* Jacques Klein (piano) (82)
* Arthur Moreira Lima (piano) (63)
* Arnaldo Cohen (piano) (42)
* Noel Devos (bassoon) (40)
* Ruth Staerke (singing) (35)
* Arnaldo Estrela (piano) (33)
* Zwinglio Faustini (singing) (30)
* Anselmo Zlatopolski (violin) (29)
* João de Souza Lima (piano) (29)
* Magdalena Tagliaferro (piano) (28)
# George Murray (golfer)

George Murray (born 10 June 1983) is a Scottish professional golfer.
Murray was born in Anstruther, Fife and after a successful amateur career, turned professional in 2006 when he reached the final stage of the European Tour Qualifying School. This result qualified him for the Challenge Tour where he won for the first time in 2010 at the Scottish Hydro Challenge. The win helped him to a top ten end of season ranking which earned him a place on the European Tour for 2011.
On 4 October 2011, Murray finished third in the Alfred Dunhill Links Championship at St Andrews, Scotland - his highest finish on the European Tour. The Scotsman said after a fog delay on the third day, a young fan asked for his autograph - for the first time ever. Murray later said it was the young fan that inspired to play well as he enjoyed feeling the success.
After a poor 2012 season, Murray lost his playing rights and failed to regain his card at qualifying school by one shot after making a double bogey at the last hole.

## Amateur wins

* 1999 Scottish Boys Under-16 Championship
* 2004 Scottish Amateur Championship

## Professional wins (1)
### Challenge Tour wins (1)

| No. | Date | Tournament | Winning score | Margin of victory | Runner-up |
| 1 | 13 Jun 2010 | Scottish Hydro Challenge | −17 (67-67-67-66=267) | 4 strokes | Magnus A. Carlsson |
Challenge Tour playoff record (0–1)
| No. | Year | Tournament | Opponent | Result |
| 1 | 2007 | Lexus Open | Martin Wiegele | Lost to par on first extra hole |

## Team appearances

Amateur
* Eisenhower Trophy (representing Scotland): 2004, 2006
* European Amateur Team Championship (representing Scotland): 2005
# Graham Moodie

Graham Thomas Moodie (born 15 January 1981 in Croydon, London) is a Scottish field hockey player, who was a member of the Great Britain and Northern Ireland squad that finished ninth at the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens. Graham has amassed 56 Great Britain senior caps and 148 Scotland Senior caps representing Scotland at 2 Commonwealth Games (2006 & 2010) and 6 European Championships.
The midfielder, started playing hockey at primary school at eleven years old. His brothers Alan and Ian also competed for East of Scotland up to U18 and U15 respectively. Moodie played for Inverleith, MIM, Western Wildcats, Western Territory Stingers, Cannock and for Stirling University in BUSA (British University Championships). He was also player coach of the University of Edinburgh from 2009 to 2014, before becoming Head of Performance Men's Hockey until 2021.
Since 2012 Graham has been the Head coach of the Scotland U21 Men's programme and an assistant coach for Scotland Senior Men. Graham is also an assistant coach on the Men's Great Britain Elite Development programme and a partner in Complete Hockey Coaching.
# Andrés Martínez

Andrés Martínez may refer to:
* Andrés Martínez Trueba (1884–1959), president of Uruguay, 1951–1955
* Andrés Ciro Martínez (born 1968), Argentine singer and musician
* Andrés Martínez (athlete), Paralympic athlete from Spain
* Andrés Martínez (footballer) (born 1972), former Uruguayan football player
* Andrés Martinez (athlete), Spanish sprinter
* Andrés Martinez (gymnast), Spanish gymnast
* Andrés Martinez (editor) (born 1966), Mexican-born American journalist, formerly at the Los Angeles Times
* Andrés Martínez (weightlifter) (born 1944), Cuban Olympic weightlifter
# Grant Munro (footballer)

Grant Munro (born 15 September 1980 in Inverness, Scotland) is a Scottish former footballer. He was, most recently, with Rothes in the Highland Football League.

## Career

On 9 February 2008, Munro scored the 1000th goal in the history of Inverness Caledonian Thistle, in a 1-1 draw against St Mirren. In October 2008, Munro signed a new contract with the Caley Jags to keep him at the club until 2011. In May 2011 it was announced by the club that Munro would not receive a new contract. Despite this he went on to score for Inverness in their 3-2 win over Celtic on 4 May to dent their title hopes.
It was announced on Tuesday 24 May 2011 that Munro has signed a 2-year pre-contract deal with Ross County. Manager Derek Adams said "I am delighted to have signed Grant. His experience on the pitch will be vital in the season ahead. He has been a consistent performer over many years and will add further quality to our squad." It was confirmed on 21 May 2013 that Munro had been handed a contract extension as a reward for the fifth-placed finish in the Scottish Premier League.
Munro left Ross County on 15 October 2013 to pursue a career outwith full-time football, signing a three-year deal with Brora Rangers on 25 October 2013.
On 27 June 2016, Munro become the new manager at Brora Rangers
On 8 December 2016, he resigned as manager of Brora Rangers
He soon returned to the game, when he was appointed assistant manager at Rothes in January 2017. However, shortly after, Munro resigned the position, citing work pressures.
# Stanislav Strebko

Stanislav Kyrylovych Strebko (Ukrainian: Станіслав Кирилович Стребко; 28 February 1937 – 28 July 2008) was a Soviet seafarer and Ukrainian politician.
# Yuzhynets

Yuzhynets', also known as Jujinetz, Juźynetz, Iujineț, Jujenet, Juzynci, Juzynetz, Yuzhenitse or Yuzhenitsy (Ukrainian: Южинець), is a village in Chernivtsi Raion, in Chernivtsi Oblast, Ukraine. It belongs to Stavchany rural hromada, one of the hromadas of Ukraine.
Until 18 July 2020, Yuzhynets belonged to Kitsman Raion. The raion was abolished in July 2020 as part of the administrative reform of Ukraine, which reduced the number of raions of Chernivtsi Oblast to three. The area of Kitsman Raion was split between Chernivtsi Raion and Vyzhnytsia Raion, with Yuzhynets being transferred to Chernivtsi Raion.

## Notable people

* Wilhelm Reich (1897-1957), psychoanalyst, lived there from the late 1890s (or early 1900s) till 1915, in the farm of his father, Leon Reich.
# Jack Breslin (footballer)

Jack Breslin (born 6 April 1997) is a Scottish professional footballer who plays as a defender for Petershill.

## Club career

Breslin began his career with Celtic, and has two loan spells with Annan Athletic, the first from January 2015, and the second from February 2016. He signed for Hamilton Academical in July 2016. He was released by Hamilton at the end of the 2016–17 season, subsequently signing for Scottish League Two club Clyde on 7 June 2017. Breslin left Clyde in May 2018, following the end of his contract. Breslin signed with Cambuslang Rangers in June 2018 before moving to Edusport in February 2019. West of Scotland team Petershill announced the signing of Breslin on 24 July 2020.

## International career

Breslin has represented Scotland at various youth international levels – under-15, under-16, under-17, and under-19.

## Career statistics

    As of 4 May 2018
Appearances and goals by club, season and competition :
| Club | Season | League | League | League | Scottish Cup | Scottish Cup | League Cup | League Cup | Other | Other | Total | Total |
| Club | Season | Division | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals |
| Celtic | 2014–15 | Scottish Premiership | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Celtic | 2015–16 | Scottish Premiership | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Celtic | Total | Total | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Annan Athletic (loan) | 2014–15 | Scottish League Two | 5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 5 | 0 |
| Annan Athletic (loan) | 2015–16 | Scottish League Two | 6 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 7 | 0 |
| Annan Athletic (loan) | Total | Total | 11 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 12 | 0 |
| Hamilton Academical | 2016–17 | Scottish Premiership | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
| Clyde | 2017–18 | Scottish League Two | 10 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 16 | 1 |
| Career total | Career total | Career total | 21 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 4 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 29 | 1 |
* ↑ Appearance in the Scottish Challenge Cup
# Jack Smith (footballer, born 1994)

Jack Smith (born 27 December 1994) is a Scottish footballer who plays as a striker for Thorniewood United.
He previously played for St Mirren, East Fife, Greenock Morton, Arbroath, East Kilbride, Stenhousemuir, BSC Glasgow, Spartans, Caledonian Braves, Drumchapel United and Bo'ness United.

## Career

Smith started his career with St Mirren, making two brief appearances as a substitute in the 2012–13 Scottish Premier League before signing for East Fife in 2013. After a trial match plus three other appearances for the Fifers, Smith signed for Greenock Morton's development squad in January 2014. He made his debut on 22 February as a substitute against Alloa Athletic. He was released at the end of the 2013–14 season.
After his release by Morton, Smith signed for Arbroath until May 2015, only making four starts in a full season. He subsequently signed for Lowland League side, East Kilbride in August 2015.
After impressing for East Kilbride, Smith was signed by Scottish League One side Stenhousemuir in June 2016. In November 2016, Smith returned to East Kilbride on a short-term loan. Smith only lasted twelve months with the Ochilview side, and was released at the end of the 2016–17 season.
After a season with BSC Glasgow in the Lowland League, On 25 June 2018 Smith moved, within the division to the reigning champions Spartans.
Smith decided to leave Spartans in May 2020 to play football closer to home and later signed for Caledonian Braves in July 2020.
Drumchapel United announced the signing of Smith on 29 May 2021.
Smith signed with Bo'ness United in February 2022.

## Personal life

Smith is the son of former Dunfermline Athletic and Airdrieonians striker Andy Smith.
# Constantino of Braganza

D. Constantino of Braganza (Portuguese: Constantino de Bragança; 1528–1575) was a Portuguese nobleman, conquistador, and administrator of the Portuguese Empire. Born a member of the powerful House of Braganza, he is best known for having served as Viceroy of India and for initiating the Portuguese conquest of Sri Lanka.

## Biography

He was the son of Dom James, 4th Duke of Braganza from his second marriage to Joana of Mendoça, daughter of Diogo of Mendonça, High-Alcaide of Mourão.
When he was 19 years old, he was appointed by King Dom John III of Portugal as his special ambassador to the baptism ceremony of King Henry II of France's son.
In 1558, he was appointed by the regent Dona Catherine of Habsburg (King Dom John III's widow) as the 20th Governor of Portuguese India, using also the title of 7th Viceroy. He left Lisbon on 7 April 1558 and arrived in Goa on 3 September.
He was a remarkable organiser of the local State, and he conquered Daman, Ceylon (nowadays known as Sri Lanka) and the island of Manar.
A first expedition, led by Viceroy Dom Constantino de Bragança in 1560, failed to subdue Jaffna, but captured Mannar Island. By June 1619, despite sharp resistance from Cankili II of Jaffna, there were two Portuguese expeditions; a naval expedition that was repulsed by the Malabari corsairs and another expedition by Dom Filipe de Oliveira and his land army of 5,000, which defeated Cankili and conquered Jaffna, strengthening Portuguese control of shipping routes through the Palk Strait.
His government in India took three years and eight days, and during that period he made important reforms. He was considered by the historian C. R. Boxer one of the most fanatic Portuguese governors of India together with Dom Francisco Barreto (1555–1558).
He protected the poet Luis Vaz de Camões, during his stay in India.
He was later governor of Ribeira Grande, in the island of Santo Antão, Portuguese Cape Verde, from 1562.
Dom Constantino afterwards returned to the Kingdom. There he married his cousin, D. Maria de Melo, daughter of the 1st Marquess of Ferreira and 1st Count of Tentúgal, D. Rodrigo de Melo, and Dona Brites de Menezes (daughter of Dom Antão de Almada, 3rd Count of Avranches). The couple had no issue. King Sebastian of Portugal thought, in 1571, to appoint him as perpetual viceroy of India, but he refused.

## Tooth relic

According to Mutu Coomara Swamy, Constantino claimed to play a part in capturing and destroying the Tooth-Relic of Gotama Buddha, during the wars of the Portuguese. The native authorities however, maintained the relic was kept safe from harm.

## Ancestry

Ancestors of Constantino of Braganza :
# Dzhemikent

Dzhemikent (Russian: Джемикент; Azerbaijani: Ҹәмикәнд, Cəmikənd) is a rural locality (a selo) in Derbentsky District, Republic of Dagestan, Russia. The population was 2,555 as of 2010. There are 27 streets.

## Geography

Dzhemikent is located 30 km northwest of Derbent (the district's administrative centre) by road. Druzhba and Berikey are the nearest rural localities.

## Nationalities

Azerbaijanis and Dargins live there.
# Muslakh

Muslakh (Russian: Муслах) is a rural locality (a selo) in Rutulsky District, Republic of Dagestan, Russia. Population: 424 (2021 Census); 784 (2002 Census); 496 (1989 Soviet census). There are 3 streets.

## Geography

Muslakh is located on the Main Caucasian ridge, between Samur and Kayana Rivers, 42 km northwest of Rutul (the district's administrative centre) by road. Mishlesh and Tsakhur are the nearest rural localities.

## Nationalities

Tsakhur people live in this locality.

## Famous residents

* Yakhya Ferzaliev (Hero of Socialist Labor)
# Kerishan

Kerishan (Persian: كريشان, also Romanized as Kerīshān) is a village in Minjavan-e Sharqi Rural District, Minjavan District, Khoda Afarin County, East Azerbaijan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 121, in 24 families.