OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Fusion of horizons

In the philosophy of Hans-Georg Gadamer, a fusion of horizons (German: Horizontverschmelzung) is the process through which the members of a hermeneutical dialogue establish the broader context within which they come to a shared understanding.
In phenomenology, a horizon refers to the context within which of any meaningful presentation is contained. For Gadamer, we exist neither in closed horizons, nor within a horizon that is unique; we must reject both the assumption of absolute knowledge, that universal history can be articulated within a single horizon, and the assumption of objectivity, that we can "forget ourselves" in order to achieve an objective perspective of the other participant.
According to Gadamer, since it is not possible to totally remove oneself from one's own broader context, (e.g. the background, history, culture, gender, language, education, etc.) to an entirely different system of attitudes, beliefs and ways of thinking, in order to be able to gain an understanding from a conversation or dialogue about different cultures we must acquire "the right horizon of inquiry for the questions evoked by the encounter with tradition." through negotiation; in order to come to an agreement, the participants must establish a shared context through this "fusion" of their horizons.
# Memucan

According to the biblical book of Esther (Esther 1:14, 1:16-21), Memucan (Hebrew: ממוכן, romanized: Məmūḵān) was one of the seven vice-regents of the Persian King Ahasuerus.

## Biblical account

When Queen Vashti, Ahasuerus' consort, refused his order to display herself at the king's banquet, Memucan advised the king to depose her and replace her with a more worthy wife. Memucan further advised the king to issue a decree throughout his domain declaring his action, so that all women would learn a lesson and honor and respect their husbands. The decree was translated and transcribed into each language and script of the empire, so that each man would be "master in his own house."

## Jewish tradition

According to the Midrash Abba Gorion, "Memucan" (also written as "Memukhan") was Haman, and his name mentioned "destined for punishment".
# Birds Are Singing in Kigali

Birds Are Singing in Kigali (Polish: Ptaki śpiewają w Kigali) is a 2017 Polish drama film directed by Joanna Kos-Krauze and Krzysztof Krauze. The film tells the story of a Polish ornithologist who saves a Tutsi girl from certain death. Kos-Krauze completed the film after her husband died mid-production in 2014.

## Plot

The Polish ornithologist Anna Keller (Jowita Budnik) conducts research on vultures in Rwanda. Meanwhile, the conflict between the two population groups living in this country - Tutsi and Hutu, turns into the Tutsi genocide. Keller saves a young Rwandan (Eliane Umuhire) and takes her with him to Poland. It is a film about the power of nature, friendship and forgiveness.

## Cast

* Jowita Budnik as Anna Keller
* Eliane Umuhire as Claudine Mugambira
* Witold Wieliński as Witek

## Awards

Budnik and Umuhire received joint awards for the best actress at the 42nd Gdynia Film Festival and at the Festival in Karlovy Vary. At the Festival in Gdynia, the Krauze couple received the Silver Lions for the film, and Katarzyna Leśniak received the award for the best editing.
# BFI Film & TV Database

The BFI Film & TV Database (ftvdb) is an online database created by the British Film Institute containing information related to movies, television shows, actors, production crew personnel, video games and fictional characters featured in visual entertainment media, from the UK. It was previously featured on a BFI website under this name, but on 26 June 2014, every page was changed to redirect to listings on the BFI's main site.
# Put on Ice

Put on Ice (German: Kaltgestellt) is a 1980 German thriller film directed by Bernhard Sinkel. It was entered into the 1980 Cannes Film Festival.

## Cast

* Helmut Griem – Lehrer Brasch
* Martin Benrath – V-Mann Körner
* Ángela Molina – Franziska Schwarz
* Friedhelm Ptok – Herr Sokolowski
* Hans-Günter Martens – Herr Schröder
* Meret Becker – Anna
* Helga Koehler – Juliane Brasch
* Frank Schendler – Kapuste
* Thomas Kufahl – Schindler
* Peter Lustig – Schulleiter
* Hermann Steza
* Rudolf Unger
* Gerhard von Halem
* Jürgen Bieske
* Monika Hansen
* Michael Brennicke
* Michael Duffek
# Basinsk

Basinsk (Russian: Басинск) is a rural locality (a settlement) in Basinsky Selsoviet, Limansky District, Astrakhan Oblast, Russia. The population was 456 as of 2010. There are 3 streets.

## Geography

Basinsk is located 49 km north of Liman (the district's administrative centre) by road. Basinskaya is the nearest rural locality.
# Qahtaba ibn Shabib al-Ta'i

Qahtaba ibn Shabib al-Ta'i (Arabic: قحطبة بن شبيب الطائي) (died 27 August 749) was a follower of the Abbasids from Khurasan who played a leading role in the Abbasid Revolution against the Umayyad Caliphate.
Qahtaba was a Khurasani Arab, belonging to the Tayy tribe. He had journeyed to Mecca, where the imam of the Hashimiyya Ibrahim ibn Muhammad appointed him as the military leader for the upcoming anti-Umayyad uprising in Khorasan. This appointment was accepted by the main Abbasid leader, Abu Muslim, and following the fall of Merv to the Abbasids and their supporters in February 748, Qahtaba was placed in command of the Abbasid forces that pursued the last Umayyad governor of Khurasan, Nasr ibn Sayyar. His army took Nishapur, where Nasr had sought refuge, defeated a 10,000-strong Umayyad force at Gurgan in August and subsequently took Rayy. There he wintered, and in March 749 he defeated a larger Umayyad army under Amir ibn Dubara, allegedly 50,000 strong, near Isfahan. Nihavand fell after a short siege and the Abbasid army began moving towards Iraq. Qahtaba's army advanced swiftly with the aim of taking Kufa, but was confronted by the Umayyad governor, Yazid ibn Hubayra. Qahtaba was able to launch a surprise night attack on the Umayyad camp, forcing Yazid and his troops to flee to Wasit. Qahtaba himself fell in this battle, but his son al-Hasan ibn Qahtaba assumed command and took possession of Kufa on 2 September. Both al-Hasan and his brother, Humayd ibn Qahtaba, were important military leaders in the early decades of the Abbasid regime.

## Sources

* Hawting, G. R. (2000), The First Dynasty of Islam: The Umayyad Caliphate AD 661–750 (2nd Edition), Routledge, pp. 115–117, ISBN 0-415-24072-7
* Shaban, M. A. (1979), The Abbasid Revolution, Cambridge University Press, pp. 160–161, ISBN 0-521-29534-3
* Sharon, Moshe (1978). "Ḳaḥṭaba b. Shabib b. Khālid b. Ma'dān". In van Donzel, E.; Lewis, B.; Pellat, Ch. & Bosworth, C. E. (eds.). The Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition. Volume IV: Iran–Kha. Leiden: E. J. Brill. pp. 445–447. OCLC 758278456.
* This biographical article about a person notable in connection with Islam is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
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# Kordkanlu

Kordkanlu (Persian: كردكانلو, also Romanized as Kordkānlū) is a village in Shirin Darreh Rural District, in the Central District of Quchan County, Razavi Khorasan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 224, in 53 families.
# Dolls of Death

Dolls of Death (German: Puppen des Todes) is a 1920 German silent crime film directed by Reinhard Bruck and starring Albert Bassermann, Elsa Bassermann, and Bernhard Goetzke.

## Cast

* Albert Bassermann as Graf Robert
* Elsa Bassermann as Konstanze
* Bernhard Goetzke as Bildschnitzer Erasmus
* Georg H. Schnell as Lorenzo
* Gertrude Welcker as Grafentochter Maria
* Walter Rolfs as Lenau
* Rolf Prasch
# Rakówiec

Rakówiec is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Dobre, within Mińsk County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland.
# Ted Smith (footballer, born 1914)

John Edward Smith (1914 – 1989), was an English footballer who played as full back, and a coach.
Smith represented Millwall F.C. in the late 1930s, he then coached Benfica from 1948 to 1952 guiding them to their first international trophy.

## Career

Born 3 September 1914 in Grays, in the Essex county, Smith football career started at Millwall F.C. in 1935, as the Lions were on Third Division. He was part of the squad that eliminated (2–0) Manchester City on the quarter-finals of the 1936–37 FA Cup, on 6 March 1937, which would be known as one of the historic giant-killings in the FA Cup. In the next season, Smith helped the club get promoted to the second tier, playing just one season before the War interruption. He competed a further three years, retiring in 1948, age 33, after amassing over 140 league caps.
He immediately started a managerial career, arriving at Benfica in 1948. The club last league title was in 1944–45, and Sporting CP was in the most successful period of their history, winning seven of the eight championships contested from the 1946–47 season to the 1953–54 season, losing only in the 1949–50 season to Smith's Benfica. This was the age of the Cinco Violinos ("Five Violins").
Adding up to the league title, Smith's biggest success was conquering the Latin Cup, the predecessor of UEFA Champions League, contested by Latin European nations of France, Italy, Spain and Portugal, after defeating Bordeaux at Estádio Nacional on 18 June 1950.
After bagging his second Taça de Portugal in his third year in charge, his fourth year was more irregular. In December, Smith, resigned for personal problems, changed his mind in March and returned, but only for a month, leaving again in April. His successor, Cândido Tavares won the Taça de Portugal preventing a trophyless season.
After Benfica, Smith managed Workington A.F.C. for one season, and had a short spell at Atletico in the early 1970s.

## Managerial statistics

| Team | From | To | Record | Record | Record | Record | Record | Record | Record | Record |
| Team | From | To | G | W | D | L | Win % |
| Benfica | 1 July 1948 | 6 April 1952 | 109 | 73 | 18 | 18 | 66.97 |

## Honours
### Benfica

* Latin Cup: 1950
* Primeira Liga: 1949–50
* Taça de Portugal: 1948–49; 1950–51
# Rhun Williams

Rhun Williams (born 5 June 1997) is a retired Welsh rugby union player. He grew up in Llanrug. Rhun played primarily as a fullback for Cardiff Blues, but also could play wing. He was a Wales U20 international.
Williams made his debut for the Cardiff Blues in 2016 having previously played for their academy, Cardiff RFC, Caernarfon RFC and RGC 1404.
In May 2017 Williams was selected for the Wales national team summer 2017 tour of Samoa and Tonga. On 23 May 2017 he withdrew from the squad due to injury and was replaced by Phil Dollman.
Williams announced his retirement in March 2020, after failing to overcome a neck injury sustained two years prior.
# List of Bangladeshi films of 1985

A list of Bangladeshi films released in 1985.

## Releases

| Title | Director | Cast | Notes |
| Teen Kanna | Shibli Sadiq | Babita, Suchanda, Champa, Sohel Rana, Ilias Kanchan, Prabir Mitra | The debut film of Champa. Biggest blockbuster of 1985. National Award-winning film. |
| Miss Lalita | Zillur Rahman | Rozina, Wasim | |
| Ma o Chhele | Kamal Ahmed | Shabana, Alamgir | |
| Ramer Sumati | Shahidul Amin | Bobita, Prabir Mitra, Joy | |
| Suruj Mia | Kajal Arefin | Tariq Anam Khan, Rozina, Subarna Mustafa, Raisul Islam Asad | |
| Premik | Moinul Hossain | Bobita, Zafar Iqbal | |
| Miss Lanka | Iqbal Akhter, Ziauddin Aslam | Bobita, Zafar Iqbal, Faisal | A Bangladesh-Pakistan joint venture fim |
| Mahanayak | Alamgir Kabir | Bubul Ahmed | |
| Saheb | Narayan Ghosh Mita | Faruque, Rozina, Tarana Halim | |
| Subho Ratri | CB Zaman | | |
| Obichar | Shakti Samant | Mithun, Rozina, Nutan, Utpal Dutt | A Bangladesh-India joint venture film |
| Rangin Rupban | Zillur Rahman | Rozina, Sattar | |
| Sohel Rana | Masud Parves | Sohel Rana, Bobita | |
# Stanislav Bunin

Stanislav Stanislavovich Bunin (Russian: Станислав Станиславович Бунин; born 25 September 1966) is a Russian-born concert pianist.

## Life

Bunin was born in Moscow in 1966 into an established European musical family which included his grandfather Heinrich Neuhaus, his grandmother Zinaida (Boris Pasternak's second wife), and his father, Stanislav Neuhaus.
In 1985, Bunin won first prize and the gold medal in the XI International Chopin Piano Competition in Warsaw. He spent much of the next decade in Japan, teaching for six years at Senzoku Gakuen Music College in the city of Kawasaki; his wife is Japanese. He obtained German citizenship in 2012.
Bunin recorded his interpretations of works by Haydn, Mozart and, most notably, Chopin. Those include works he played for the soundtrack to the 2007 video game Eternal Sonata.
In 2023, Bunin returned to stage after a 10-year absence, because of his love for music and upon his wife's encouragement. His decade-long absence was due to various illnesses and ailments.
# Chukhloma

Chukhloma (Russian: Чу́хлома) is a town and the administrative center of Chukhlomsky District in Kostroma Oblast, Russia, located on Lake Chukhloma, 50 kilometers (31 mi) from the railway node Galich and 171 kilometers (106 mi) northeast of Kostroma, the administrative center of the oblast. Population: 4,252 (2021 Census); 5,411 (2010 Census); 5,464 (2002 Census); 5,597 (1989 Soviet census).

## History

It was first mentioned in chronicles in 1381, and was destroyed during the Time of Troubles. It was granted town status in 1778.

## Etymology

From a substrate Finno-Ugric language (cf. Proto-Uralic *ćukkз 'hill, peak', referring to the landscape around the town). Max Vasmer supported the theory of relationship between the name of Chukhloma and the ethnonyms like Chud or Chukhna, but it's viewed as folk etymology by Aleksandr Matveyev.

## Administrative and municipal status

Within the framework of administrative divisions, Chukhloma serves as the administrative center of Chukhlomsky District. As an administrative division, it is incorporated within Chukhlomsky District as the town of district significance of Chukhloma. As a municipal division, the town of district significance of Chukhloma is incorporated within Chukhlomsky Municipal District as Chukhloma Urban Settlement.

## Culture

Near the town there is a historical family estate of the Lermontov family.
# Teenage Monster

Teenage Monster is a 1958 American independently made science fiction-horror Western film. It was produced and directed by Jacques R. Marquette, and stars Anne Gwynne and Stuart Wade. The film had a first screening on December 25, 1957, in Los Angeles. It went into general theatrical release in January 1958, in a double feature with The Brain from Planet Arous (1957).

## Plot

In 1880, in a town in the Southwestern United States, young Charlie Cannon and his gold prospector father see a meteorite crash in the desert. At the crash site, Charlie's father is killed, and Charlie is exposed to mysterious rays emanating from the meteorite that cause him to begin aging rapidly. His mother, Ruth, hides him and the town believes him dead.
Seven years later, Charlie has grown and aged abnormally, becoming a hairy, aggressive, man-beast. He sometimes escapes his confinement, and terrorizes the community. After his mother strikes gold, she purchases a house in town in the hopes that living in a real home will soothe her son's inner beast. However, he scares more people and kidnaps a young woman, Kathy, after killing her abusive boyfriend.
Ruth pays Kathy to keep her silence, but Kathy begins to blackmail Ruth and to manipulate Charlie to kill for her. In the final showdown, Charlie understands Kathy's lies and hurls her off a cliff before being shot and killed himself.

## Cast

The cast includes:
* Anne Gwynne as Ruth Cannon
* Stuart Wade as Sheriff Bob
* Gloria Castillo as Kathy North
* Charles Courtney as Marv Howell
* Gilbert Perkins as adult Charlie Cannon / The Monster
* Stephen Parker as young Charlie Cannon
* Norman Leavitt as Deputy Ed
* Jim McCullough as Jim Cannon
* Gaybe Morradian / Gabe Mooradian as Fred Fox
* Frank Davis as Man on the street
* Arthur Berkeley as Man with burro

## Production

Jacques R. Marquette made the feature because his company needed a cheap film to run as a double bill with The Brain from Planet Arous (1957). Jacques Marquette also helped develop the film's plot and handled some of the cinematography. Jack Pierce handled the make-up effects.

## Release

Teenage Monster was released by Marquette Productions Limited. The film's working title was Monster on the Hill. When the film was released to television, the title was changed to Meteor Monster. The film – as Teenage Monster – was refused a United Kingdom rating certificate in 1959. In 1995, the film was finally released in the UK fully uncut and with a PG certificate rating.

## Reception

Variety wrote: "This is a silly nonsense, an unworthy companion to the film with which it is being packaged (The Brain From Planet Arous)."
Writing in DVD Savant, film critic Glenn Erickson reported that the "film is so primitive that none of the ugly subtext seems to matter," that "Marquette's action direction is terrible," and that "[i]mpossible characters defeat the actors."
# Blythia

Blythia is a genus of snakes in the subfamily Natricinae of the family Colubridae of the superfamily Colubroidea. The genus, which contains two recognized species, is native to South Asia and Southeast Asia.

## Etymology

The genus Blythia is named in honor of English zoologist Edward Blyth.

## Species

The following two species are recognized as being valid.
* Blythia hmuifang G. Vogel, Lalremsanga & Vanlalhrima, 2017 – Mizoram ground snake
* Blythia reticulata (Blyth, 1854) – Blyth's reticulate snake
Nota bene: A binomial authority in parentheses indicates that the species was originally described in a genus other than Blythia.
# Lena (song)

Lena is a 1982 song by the Belgian rock band 2 Belgen. It was their biggest hit and is considered their signature song.

## Lyrics

The song describes a girl, Lena, for whom the singer still longs, even though they are no longer together.

## History

Lena was first released in 1982, produced by Roland Beelen. This version, with a different, more light-hearted arrangement, is completely sung in English. It was the B-side of their single Quand Le Film Est Triste and also appeared on their debut album 2 Belgen.
After 2 Belgen became more successful, the band re-recorded Lena in 1985, in a different, darker version, produced by Walter Clissen and band member Rembert De Smet. This version is partially sung in English, while other lyrics were performed in German. This time Lena became the A-side, with Dancing Thoughts as a B-side. It also appeared on their album Trop Petit. The 1985 version became a huge hit and is nowadays regarded as a classic, added to many compilation albums with Belgian pop music and still regularly given airplay on Belgian radio.

## Sources

* ↑ "Songteksten.net - Songtekst: 2 Belgen - Lena". songteksten.net. Retrieved 2023-03-16.
* ↑ "Lena (Original version)". muziekarchief.be. Retrieved 2023-03-16.
* 1 2 "Lena". muziekarchief.be. Retrieved 2023-03-16.
* ↑ "2 Belgen: Lena". muziekarchief.be. Retrieved 2023-03-16.
* ↑ "Zanger van '2 Belgen' overleden (Brussel) | De Standaard". standaard.be. 28 January 2017. Retrieved 2023-03-16.
# Petter Schramm

Petter Schramm (born June 4, 1946 in Arendal, died June 27, 2014) was a Norwegian poet.

## Biography
### Background

Schramm grew up in Kristiansund but moved left the city in 1968. Until 1980 he lived several places in Norway but was by his death living in Røyken.

### Activity as writer

He debuted as a poet in 1986 with the collection of poems Guitar Globe. The editor described, at the publishing, Schramm poetry this way: "The poems have a rare power of expression. They are bricked up by the dense visual lines that form intricate patterns, playful and empowering at the same time. The influence of French and Latin American surrealism is clear". Later he wrote the poetry collection Stoler ved havet, published by Gyldendal, and edited a selection of his newspaper poems as his own publisher. In addition, he has written newspaper articles, reviews of art exhibitions and has performed readings of his own poems in different contexts. The lyrics by Peter Schramm has been used as texts and inspiration for music, the composer Harald Sæther has written a Ballet Suite with texts from the Guitar Globe.
# Aristogenes

Aristogenes (Ancient Greek: Ἀριστογένης) is the name of more than one person of ancient history:
* Aristogenes (physician), the name of two Greek physicians mentioned by the Suda
* Aristogenes (general), one of the Greek commanders appointed to supersede Alcibiades
# Liu Jing (runner)

Liu Jing (born 3 February 1971) is a retired Chinese middle distance runner who specialized in the 800 and 1500 metres.
In the 800 metres she won the silver medal at the 1998 Asian Championships. In the 1500 metres event she won the gold medal at the 1998 Asian Championships. She was qualified for the 1998 World Cup, but did not actually compete.
Her personal best 800 m time was 1.58.55 minutes, achieved in October 1997 in Shanghai. Her personal best 1500 m time was 3:57.03 minutes, achieved in the same time and place.
In September 1998, Liu was found guilty of doping during the National Championships in Beijing. She was stripped of the silver medal she had won.

## Achievements

| Year | Competition | Venue | Position | Notes |
| Representing China |||||
| 1998 | Asian Championships | Fukuoka, Japan | 1st | 1500 m |
| 1998 | Asian Championships | Fukuoka, Japan | 2nd | 800 m |
# Blyth's reticulated snake

Blythia reticulata, commonly known as Blyth's reticulate snake, Blyth's reticulated snake, or the iridescent snake, is a species of snake in the subfamily Natricinae of the family Colubridae of the superfamily Colubroidea. The species is endemic to Asia.

## Etymology

The genus Blythia was named after Edward Blyth (1810–1873), curator of the museum of the Asiatic Society of Bengal, by William Theobald in 1868.

## Geographic range

B. reticulata is found in India and parts of South Asia and Southeast Asia. In India it is found in the states of Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Manipur, and Meghalaya (Khasi Hills). It is also found in Myanmar (formerly called Burma) and southeastern Tibet (China).

## Habitat

The preferred natural habitat of B. reticulata is forest.

## Description

B. reticulata has the following scalation. The rostral scale is about as broad as deep, and is visible from above. The suture between the internasals is one-half to two-thirds as long as that between the prefrontals. The frontal is longer than its distance from the end of the snout, about two-thirds the length of the parietals. One postocular and one elongated temporal scale are present. There are six upper labials, of which the third and fourth enter the eye. The first upper labial is smallest, and the sixth largest. Four lower labials are in contact with the anterior chin shields. The posterior chin shields are small. The dorsal scales are in 13 rows at midbody. The ventral scales are 127–130 in number, and the anal scale is divided. The subcaudals count is 19–29.
This snake is blackish-brown above and below, with the lateral and ventral scales edged with lighter color.
Total length of Blyth's reticulated snake is 16.6 in (420 mm), which includes a tail 1.65 in (42 mm) long.

## Behavior

B. reticulata is terrestrial.

## Reproduction

The mode of reproduction of B. reticulata is unknown.

## Taxonomy

The genus Blythia was monotypic for almost 150 years, until a second species, Blythia hmuifang, was described in 2017.
# Altai District

Altai (Kazakh: Алтай ауданы, romanized: Altai audany; Russian: Район Алтай, romanized: Raion Altai), until 2019 known as Zyryan (Kazakh: Зырян ауданы, Zyrian audany) or Zyryanovsk (Russian: Зыряновский район) is a district of East Kazakhstan Region in eastern Kazakhstan. The administrative center of the district is the town of Zyryanovsk. Population: 35,281 (2013 estimate); 38,352 (2009 Census results); 49,833 (1999 Census results).