OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Pavlova Ves

Pavlova Ves (Hungarian: Pálfalu) is a village and municipality in Liptovský Mikuláš District in the Žilina Region of northern Slovakia.

## History

In historical records the village was first mentioned in 1469 AD. Before the establishment of independent Czechoslovakia in 1918, it was part of Liptó County within the Kingdom of Hungary. From 1939 to 1945, it was part of the Slovak Republic.

## Geography

The municipality lies at an altitude of 622 metres and covers an area of 6.83 km². It has a population of about 250 people.
# Yefim and Miron Cherepanov

Yefim Alekseyevich Cherepanov (Russian: Ефи́м Алексе́евич Черепа́нов; 1774 – 1842), and his son Miron Yefimovich Cherepanov (Russian: Миро́н Ефи́мович Черепа́нов; 1803 – 1849) were Russian inventors and industrial engineers. They were serfs of the Demidovs – a famous family of factory owners.
In 1810s Yefim built a progressive machine-building plant, equipped with a full range of innovative metal-cutting lathes (such as screw-cutters, gear-cutting serrating machines and others). From 1822 until his death, Yefim was chief mechanic for all the factories in the town of Nizhny Tagil. Miron was his apprentice and in 1819 was appointed his deputy. Miron became chief mechanic after his father's death.

## Innovations
### Industrial machinery

The Cherepanovs significantly improved the machinery that had been used in blast-furnace and gold-mining industries, iron and copper works, sawmills, and flourmills.

### Steam engines

The most interesting aspect of the Cherepanovs' work were steam engines which they tried to introduce into industrial production. From 1820, the Cherepanovs built about 20 steam engines that ranged from 2 to 60 hp.

### Railroad

In 1833-34 they built the first Russian steam locomotive. They also built a cast-iron railroad from one of their factories to a copper mine. Track gauge was 5 ft 6 in (1670 mm). In 1835, they built a second locomotive that they sent to Saint Petersburg. Despite the successful performance and operation of their locomotives, the Cherepanovs' invention found no support outside the factory and, subsequently, horse traction replaced their steam locomotives.
# Dmitry Kovalëv (volleyball)

Dmitry Mikhaylovich Kovalev (Russian: Дмитрий Михайлович Ковалёв; born 15 March 1991) is a Russian male volleyball player. He is part of the Russia men's national volleyball team. On club level he plays for VC Zenit Saint Petersburg.

## Achievements
### National team

* 2018 FIVB Nations League
* 2019 FIVB Nations League
# I Need to Wake Up

"I Need to Wake Up" is a song by Melissa Etheridge, written for the 2006 documentary film, An Inconvenient Truth. It is the first instance of a documentary film winning the Best Song category, beating three songs nominated from the musical film Dreamgirls and one from the Pixar animated film Cars.
Etheridge received the 2006 Academy Award for Best Original Song for "I Need to Wake Up". Upon receiving the award, she noted in her acceptance speech:
   Mostly I have to thank Al Gore, for inspiring us, for inspiring me, showing that caring about the Earth is not Republican or Democrat; it's not red or blue, it's all green.
The song was on the enhanced version only of her greatest hits album, The Road Less Traveled.
# Iranian ground jay

The Iranian ground jay (Podoces pleskei) or Pleske's ground jay, is a species of bird in the family Corvidae. It is endemic to Iran where it is known as Zaghbur in Persian.
The species is named after Russian zoologist Theodor Pleske.
The Iranian ground jay body is baby brown type in colour. Their wings are striped in black and white. Their stick-like legs are very well balanced. They have beady, glossy eyes. Their beak is smooth and sharp. Their body is covered in short fur which makes their body look and feel fluffy.
An Iranian ground jay usually lives in dry areas. They are a well protected species in Iran.
# Foz Meadows

Foz Meadows is an Australian fantasy novelist, blogger and poet.

## Work

An essayist, blogger and reviewer, Meadows has written for The Mary Sue, Apex Magazine, Black Gate, The Huffington Post, A Dribble of Ink, Strange Horizons and Tor.com. Meadows is a novelist working in science fiction and fantasy. Their novels, blog writing, and other essays have been nominated for significant genre awards such as the Hugo Award and the Ditmar Award.

## Personal life

Raised on the Central Coast of New South Wales, Meadows has lived across Australia, including Melbourne and Sydney, and the UK, including Bristol and Aberdeen. Meadows is married to philosophy lecturer Toby Meadows. They have one son, born while living in the UK, and they now live in Brisbane. Meadows is bisexual, and in 2015, they came out as genderqueer.

## Awards

* 2014, 2017 & 2018 Nomination for Hugo Award for Best Fan Writer
* 2014 & 2016 Nomination for Ditmar Award for Best Fan Writer
* 2017 Ditmar Award winner for Best Fan Writer
* 2017 Bisexual Book Awards Finalist for An Accident of Stars
* 2018 Norma K Hemming Award (Short Fiction) Winner for "Coral Bones"
* 2019 Hugo Award for Best Fan Writer
# Mark Fergus and Hawk Ostby

Mark Fergus and Hawk Ostby are screenwriters best known for their work on Children of Men (for which they were nominated for the Academy Award for Best Adapted Screenplay) and Iron Man. Their other work includes First Snow, which was also directed by Fergus, and Cowboys & Aliens.
They are the creators and executive producers of the TV series The Expanse, which debuted on Syfy in December 2015 and ended its six-season run on Amazon Prime Video on January 14, 2022.
# Siege of Halicarnassus

The siege of Halicarnassus was fought between Alexander the Great and the Achaemenid Persian Empire in 334 BC. Alexander, who had no navy, was constantly being threatened by the Persian navy. It continuously attempted to provoke an engagement with Alexander, who would not oblige them. Eventually, the Persian fleet sailed to Halicarnassus, in order to establish a new defense. Ada of Caria, the former queen of Halicarnassus, had been driven from her throne by her younger brother Pixodarus of Caria. When Pixodarus died, Persian King Darius had appointed Orontobates satrap of Caria, which included Halicarnassus in its jurisdiction. On the arrival of Alexander in 334 BC, Ada, who was in possession of the fortress of Alinda, surrendered the fortress to him.
Orontobates and Memnon of Rhodes entrenched themselves in Halicarnassus. Alexander had sent spies to meet with dissidents inside the city, who had promised to open the gates and allow Alexander to enter. When his spies arrived, however, the dissidents were nowhere to be found. A small battle resulted, and Alexander's army managed to break through the city walls. Memnon, however, now deployed his catapults, and Alexander's army fell back. Memnon then deployed his infantry, and shortly before Alexander would have received his first defeat, his infantry managed to break through the city walls, surprising the Persian forces. Memnon, realizing the city was lost, set fire to it and withdrew with his army. Strong winds caused the fire to destroy much of the city. Alexander leading his army through the gates, ordered crews to extinguish the blazing structures and issued a decree that the citizens should not be harmed.

## Aftermath

After the capture of Halicarnassus Alexander sent his newly married soldiers home to spend the winter with their families. Alexander committed the government of Caria to Ada; and she, in turn, formally adopted Alexander as her son, ensuring that the rule of Caria passed unconditionally to him upon her eventual death. During her husband's tenure as satrap, Ada had been loved by the people of Caria. By putting Ada, who felt very favorably towards Alexander, on the throne, he ensured that the government of Caria, as well as its people, remained loyal to him.
* Map of Halicarnassus at the time of the siege
* Ruins of the fortications around Halicarnassus (the Myndus Gate), 4th century BC
# John Grant (author)

Paul le Page Barnett (22 November 1949 – 3 February 2020), known by the pen name of John Grant, was a Scottish writer and editor of science fiction, fantasy, and non-fiction.

## Biography

Born Paul le Page Barnett in Aberdeen, Scotland, Grant sometime wrote under his own name, as Eve Devereux, and under various other pseudonyms; he has also ghostwritten a number of books. The author of some 70 books in all (excluding ghostwritten books), he has published several original novels as well as one novel in the Judge Dredd series and, with Joe Dever, 11 novels and a novella collection in the Legends of Lone Wolf series; edited several anthologies, beginning with Aries 1 (1979) and most recently New Writings in the Fantastic (2007); and has written dozens of nonfiction works, including several relating to fantasy and science fiction. His collaborators have included David Langford and, as illustrator, Bob Eggleton. With John Clute, he co-edited The Encyclopedia of Fantasy (1997) for which he also wrote all the cinema entries. He has written numerous short stories, articles and columns. Barnett lived in New Jersey with his wife, Pamela Scoville, a noted animation art expert and co-founder with her late husband Michael of the Animation Art Guild. Grant died in February 2020 at the age of 70.
# Pseudomyrmecinae

Pseudomyrmecinae is a small subfamily of ants containing three genera of slender, large-eyed arboreal ants, predominantly tropical or subtropical in distribution. In the course of adapting to arboreal conditions (unlike the predominantly ground-dwelling myrmeciins), the pseudomyrmecines diversified and came to occupy and retain a much wider geographic range.
Pseudomyrmecines consists of 230 described species in three genera. Among those, 32 species live in plant domatia, making them the most diverse plant-occupying ant group worldwide.

## Taxonomy

* Pseudomyrmecinae Smith, 1952
** Pseudomyrmecini Smith, 1952
*** Myrcidris Ward, 1990
*** Pseudomyrmex Lund, 1831
*** Tetraponera Smith, 1852
# Piano Trio No.1 (Andrzej Panufnik)

Andrzej Panufnik's Piano Trio is his first work and the only surviving pre-war composition. Written for violin, cello and piano, Panufnik's Piano Trio No.1 is a reconstructed composition originally written in 1934 when Panufnik was 19 - 20 years old. and later reconstructed in 1945. Including this trio, all of Panufnik's works written before 1944 were burnt down in the Warsaw Uprising. He later decided to reconstruct three of his works from memory. His Piano Trio is one of these compositions (the other two are: Tragic Overture for orchestra and Five Polish Peasant Songs for unison soprano voices and woodwinds).

## Structure

Panufnik's Piano Trio is based on the classical model, consisting of three movements. Movement 1 starting with a slow introduction followed by a sonata allegro (Poco adagio – Allegro – Poco adagio), movement 2 as a song-like, beautifully lyrical piece (Largo) and movement 3, a dance like, jouful scherzo (Presto)
# Jozef Ignác Bajza

Jozef Ignác Bajza (Hungarian: Bajza József Ignác; 5 March 1755 – 1 December 1836) was a Slovak writer, satirist and Catholic priest in the Kingdom of Hungary.
He is best known for his novel René mláďenca príhodi a skúsenosťi (original, modern spelling René mládenca príhody a skúsenosti), which was the first novel written in Slovak. The second volume of the novel was purchased almost entirely by church authorities; few copies of it survive. The second volume was confiscated by the church censors because it was explicitly critical of both church and secular authorities. He is buried in St. Martin's Cathedral in Bratislava.

## Works

* 1782
    Rozličných veršuv knižka prvňa (unpublished)
* 1784
    René mláďenca príhodi a skúsenosťi (first volume)
* 1785
    René mláďenca príhodi a skúsenosťi
* 1789
    Anti-Fándly (work written against Juraj Fándly)
* 1789–1796
    Kresťánské katolícké náboženstvo... ďíl 1.–5. (five volumes)
* 1794
    Slovenské dvojnásobné epigrammata, jednako-konco-hlasné a zvuko-mírne
* 1794
    Slovenské dvojnásobné epigrammata. Druhá knižka obsahujícá zvuko-mírné
* 1795
    Veselé účinki, a rečeňí, které k stráveňu trúchľivích hoďín zebral a vidal… (book of anecdotes, satirical and humorous short stories)
* 1813
    Prikladi ze svatého Písma starího a novího Zákona (second volume issued in 1820)

## Works online

* Anti-Fándly aneb Dúverné Zmlúwánj mezi Theodulusem, tretího Franciskánúw rádu bosákem, a Gurem Fándly, ... W Halle: [s.n.], 1789. 62 p. - available at ULB's Digital Library
* BAJZA, J. I., FÁNDLY, J., BERNOLÁK, A. Ešče Ňečo o Epigrammatéch, anebožto Málorádkoch M. W. P. Gozefa Bagza nowotného slowenského Epi Grammatistu ... [Pole Eliziské]: [s.n.], [1791]. 15 p. - available at ULB's Digital Library
* BAJZA, J. I., BERNOLÁK, A. Nečo o epigrammatech, anebožto Malorádkoch Gozefa Ignáca Bagzi, Dolnodubowského Pána Farára, oprawdiwím Slowákom k Uwažováňú predložené ... Žilina: Štefan Prisol, 1794. 36 p. - available at ULB's Digital Library
# Tanker boot

Tanker boots are military boots closely associated with soldiers who serve on tanks. The tanker boot was "designed by Dehner's own H. E. Ketzler and General George S. Patton Jr. in 1937" who "wanted something easy and fast to get on." Regular combat boots are laced through metal eyelets in the leather upper, but the tanker boots are fastened with leather straps which wrap around the upper and buckle near the top. This benefits the wearer in several ways:
* The leather straps are advantageous specifically to those working inside tanks. The problem with laces is that they can become undone easily and then entangled in the many exposed moving parts of a tank, and drag the wearer or part of his body into the machinery.
* Many boots have nylon or canvas panels in their uppers and also nylon laces which will melt if exposed to fire. Melting boots and laces will serve to further injure a crewman and make evacuating him out of the vehicle more difficult.
* Tracked crewmen typically find themselves performing maintenance on their vehicles in very muddy environments. The eyelets used in lacing become clogged with mud, so crewmen often just simply wrap the boot string around the upper portion of the boot without lacing through the eyelets at all. Another advantage of tanker boots is that they are much easier to loosen than a regular laced boot when caked in mud.
* Tanker boots allow for improved circulation to crew-members' feet, as they may be sitting or immobile for long periods of time. Armor crewmen during combat have reported remaining seated at their gunners', drivers', and commanders' stations for up to 48 hours during armored operations.
Tanker boots have a significant disadvantage over traditional lace-up combat boots in that they provide comparatively little ankle support; however, for troops that fight sitting in an armoured vehicle, this is relatively unimportant. An unauthorized variant of the tanker boot is the cavalry boot, or 'cav boot', which is higher above the ankle (in imitation of riding boots worn by the old horse cavalry) and might be worn by soldiers assigned to armored cavalry squadrons and scout units. The cavalry boots are more commonly seen being worn by officers in armored cavalry units.
# Oleksandr Tomakh (footballer, born 1993)

Oleksandr Tomakh (Ukrainian: Олександр Олександрович Томах; born 17 January 1993) is a Ukrainian football defender.

## Career

Tomakh was born in a family with a strong football tradition - he is a grandson of Oleksandr Tomakh. He is a product of the FC Dynamo Zaporizhya and Shakhtar Donetsk youth sportive schools and signed a contract with FC Arsenal Kyiv in the Ukrainian Premier League in 2010, but did not appear in any games for this team.
In January 2014 he signed a 1.5-years contract with NK Istra 1961. In 2015, he played overseas with Toronto Atomic FC in the Canadian Soccer League.
# Rubik Stepanyan

Rubik Stepanyan (Armenian: Ռուբիկ Ստեփանյան; born 3 January 1958), is an Armenian politician, Member of the National Assembly of Armenia of Bright Armenia's faction.
# Paul Barrière

Paul Barrière was born on 8 June 1920 in Espéraza and died on 29 May 2008 in Biarritz, aged 88. He was president of the Fédération Française de Rugby à XIII from 1947 to 1955.
Barrière played rugby union for Espéraza in 1936 and Carcassonne.
During World War II, Barrière joined the French Resistance and operated in Aude. Whilst in the resistance, he met French leaders of rugby league which had been banned by the collaborationist Vichy government.
After the war, Barrière, along with Marcel Laborde [fr] who served as president of the French Rugby League between 1944 and 1947, worked to re-establish rugby league, which had been severely disrupted. Barrière became vice-president of the French Rugby League on 16 September 1944 at the Hotel Regina in Toulouse. He was elected president on 2 July 1947 at a meeting in Bayonne. Barrière was the driving force behind the agreement to create the International Rugby League Board and to institute a World Cup. When asked for his opinion on moves to name the World Cup trophy after him, Barrière refused the honour.
Under Barrière, the French national team undertook its first tour of the southern hemisphere.
From 1990 until 2004 Barrière organised the Festival de la Cite in Carcassonne for musical theatre.
In 2008, Barrière was posthumously awarded the inaugural RLIF Spirit of Rugby League Award which was created to honour those deemed to have made a significant contribution to the sport during their lifetime.
Barrière was survived by his wife, Jeanine, and her daughter, Babette.
The Rugby League World Cup trophy was named the Paul Barrière Trophy, starting from the 2017 Rugby League World Cup.
# Berdichev uezd

Berdichevsky Uyezd (Russian: Бердичевский уезд; Ukrainian: Бердичівський повіт, romanized: Berdychivskyi povit), known originally as Makhnovka Uyezd, was one of the subdivisions of the Kiev Governorate of the Russian Empire. Its administrative centre was Berdichev (Berdychiv).

## History

The uezd was established in 1802.
On an 1845 Russian map, the uezd is shown as being named Makhnovka uyezd, with its administrative center in Makhnivka. After further developments in the railroad that changed its path to favor Berdychiv, the importance of Makhnivka declined. The uezd center was moved to Berdychiv, and the uezd was renamed to Berdichev uezd.
It was abolished in 1923.

## Demographics

At the time of the Russian Empire Census of 1897, Berdichevsky Uyezd had a population of 279,695. Of these, 66.9% spoke Ukrainian, 23.1% Yiddish, 5.8% Polish, 3.6% Russian, 0.3% Czech and 0.2% German as their native language.
# Sweet Emma, Dear Böbe

Sweet Emma, Dear Böbe (Hungarian: Édes Emma, drága Böbe - vázlatok, aktok) is a 1992 Hungarian drama film co-written and directed by István Szabó. It was entered into the 42nd Berlin International Film Festival where it won the Silver Bear - Special Jury Prize. The film was selected as the Hungarian entry for the Best Foreign Language Film at the 65th Academy Awards, but was not accepted as a nominee.

## Plot

After that Russian language had been removed from compulsory subjects of Hungarian schools the two Russian teachers, Emma and Böbe became redundant. The teaching staff also were shaken of insecurity, accusing each other. Emma and Böbe are learning English in the evenings. Emma also sells newspapers and she has an affair with the married school director, who is not too brave to decide. One of the best scenes of the film when Böbe and many naked women - teachers and nurses - are waiting for casting in a film studio. Böbe is acquainted with foreigners and she trades in foreign currencies. Böbe will be arrested and she finally jumps out of the window of the teachers' accommodation.

## Cast

* Johanna ter Steege as Emma
* Enikö Börcsök as Böbe
* Péter Andorai as Stefanics - Director
* Éva Kerekes as Szundi
* Ildikó Bánsági as Emma (voice)
* Irma Patkós as Hermina
* Erzsi Pásztor as Rózsa
* Hédi Temessy as Mária
* Irén Bódis as Emma's mother
* Erzsi Gaál as Storekeeper
* Zoltán Mucsi as Szilárd, Art teacher
* Tamás Jordán as Szaglár Capt.
* Gábor Máté as Officer

## Analysis and reception

The film shows the political system's changes in Budapest. "Szabó's sensitive handling of the material culminates in a meditative passage in which Emma stands in church, musing on the 'passion for love' which masks lack of purpose. 'Collective sin' may be dead, according to Böbe, but this movingly delineates the private pain of atonement", commented Time Out.

## Awards

* 1992 Berlin International Film Festival, Won Prize of the Ecumenical Jury - Special Mention, Competition- István Szabó
* 1992 Berlin International Film Festival, Silver Berlin Bear, Special Jury Prize- István Szabó
* 1992 European Film Award, Best Screenwriter- István Szabó
# The Christmas Oratorio

The Christmas Oratorio (Swedish: Juloratoriet) is a 1983 novel by Swedish author Göran Tunström. It won the Nordic Council Literature Prize in 1984. J. S. Bach's Christmas Oratorio plays an important part in the novel.
It was adapted into a film version [sv] in 1996.
# Vadim Vasilyev (footballer)

Vadim Vasilyev (Azerbaijani: Vadim Vasilyev, Russian: Вадим Васильев; born 17 May 1972) is a retired Azerbaijani professional footballer who made his professional debut in 1993 for Khazri Eltaj.

## International career

Vasilyev made his debut for Azerbaijan on 6 March 1999 against Estonia, coming on as a substitute for Gurban Gurbanov.

## Career statistics
### International

Azerbaijan national team :
| Year | Apps | Goals |
| 1999 | 8 | 0 |
| 2000 | 7 | 0 |
| 2001 | 8 | 2 |
| 2002 | 5 | 0 |
| 2003 | 5 | 0 |
| Total | 33 | 2 |
Statistics accurate as of 2 November 2015

### International goals

| # | Date | Venue | Opponent | Score | Result | Competition |
| 1. | 28 March 2001 | Štadión Antona Malatinského Trnava | Slovakia | 1-1 | 3–1 | 2002 WC qualification |
| 2. | 6 June 2001 | Tofiq Bahramov Stadium, Baku | Slovakia | 1–0 | 2–0 | 2002 WC qualification |

## Honours
### Neftchi Baku

* Azerbaijan Top League (1): 2003–04
* Azerbaijan Cup (2): 2001–02, 2003–04

### FC Baku

* Azerbaijan Top League (1): 2005–06
# Goat Range

Goat Range can refer to:
* Goat Range (Alberta)
* Goat Range Provincial Park
# Grégoire M'Bida

Grégoire M'Bida Abéga (born 27 January 1952), nicknamed Arantes, is a Cameroonian former professional footballer who played as an attacking midfielder. He competed for the Cameroon national team at the 1982 FIFA World Cup.

## Career

M'Bida was born in Yaoundé. He played for Canon Yaoundé (1975–1982), SC Bastia (1982–1984), Angers SCO (1984–1985), USL Dunkerque (1985–1986), Thonon-les-Bains (1986–1987) and CS Sedan Ardennes (1987–1989).
He played all minutes for Cameroon in the 1982 FIFA World Cup and also scored the only goal for Cameroon in the competition. The goal was scored 63 minutes into the match against Italy, only one minute after Francesco Graziani had scored for Italy. The game ended in a draw, 1–1.
# Jack Offer

John Sidney Offer (1908–1985) was an English rower who won Silver Goblets at Henley Royal Regatta and a silver medal at the 1938 British Empire Games.
Offer was born at Hampton Wick, the son of Henry John Offer and his wife Vera Jennie Burgoine. His maternal grandfather, Alfred Burgoine, was a boat designer who built one of Queen Victoria’s Royal Barges and a motor launch that held the world water speed record. He was educated at Tiffin School where he began rowing. He joined Kingston Rowing Club where his brothers Tom and Dick Offer were also members.
Offer excelled at sculling, in particular partnering his brother Dick in the double sculls. They also took part in skiffing, being members of The Skiff Club. They won the Gentlemen's Double Sculls at the Skiff Championships Regatta in 1930, 1931, 1932, 1933 and 1935. Offer also won the Singles Skiff Championship in 1932 and 1935 and the Mixed Doubles Skiff Championship in 1933. In 1936 the Offer brothers won Silver Goblets at Henley Royal Regatta. Two years later they were selected to compete in the 1938 British Empire Games. In spite of the difficulties in maintaining training during the six-week sea voyage to Australia they won the silver medal in the double sculls event.