OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Sarushen, Nagorno-Karabakh

Sarushen (Armenian: Սարուշեն) or Daghyurd (Azerbaijani: Dağyurd) is a village in the Khojaly District of Azerbaijan, in the region of Nagorno-Karabakh. Until 2023 it was controlled by the breakaway Republic of Artsakh. The village had an ethnic Armenian-majority population until the exodus of the Armenian population of Nagorno-Karabakh following the 2023 Azerbaijani offensive in Nagorno-Karabakh.

## History

During the Soviet period, the village was part of the Askeran District of the Nagorno-Karabakh Autonomous Oblast.

## Historical heritage sites

Historical heritage sites in and around the village include a 12th/13th-century khachkar, the 17th-century church of Pirumashen (Armenian: Փիրումաշեն), restored in 2014 (possibly originating from as early as the 12th/13th century), the 18th/19th-century village of Pirumashen (Փիրումաշեն), an 18th/19th-century cemetery, and the 19th-century church of Surb Amenaprkich (Armenian: Սուրբ Ամենափրկիչ, lit. 'Holy Savior').

## Economy and culture

The population is mainly engaged in agriculture and animal husbandry. As of 2015, the village has a municipal building, a house of culture, a secondary school, four shops, and a medical centre.

## Demographics

The village had 388 inhabitants in 2005, and 378 inhabitants in 2015.

## Gallery

* Sign in Armenian reading "Sarushen"
* WWII monument
* Pirumashen Church
# Harry Wilkinson (footballer, born 1926)

Harold Sanderson Wilkinson (20 March 1926 – March 2017) was an English professional footballer who played as a wing half. He played in the Football League for Exeter City and Colchester United before moving into non-league football.
# Leonid Sarafanov

Leonid Sarafanov (born 28 June 1982 in Kyiv, Ukraine) is a principal ballet dancer with the Mikhailovsky Theatre in St Petersburg, Russia.

## Biography

Leonid Sarafanov studied at the Kyiv State School of Choreography and graduated in 2000, joining the National Ballet of Ukraine the same year as soloist.
In 2002, he was invited to join the Mariinsky Ballet in St Petersburg by the director of the time, Makhar Vaziev and quickly became famous. The young Ukrainian was catapulted into the most challenging of roles in the Mariinsky repertoire and abroad on tour. He was promoted to soloist in 2003 and finally, became a principal. In January 2011, he left the Mariinsky and joined the Mikhailovsky Ballet as a principal.
His repertoire includes James in La Sylphide, Solor in La Bayadère, Prince Siegfried in Swan Lake, the Nutcracker-Prince in The Nutcracker, Prince Désiré in The Sleeping Beauty, Basilio in Don Quixote, and Romeo in Romeo and Juliet. He has also danced the lead roles in ballets by George Balanchine, such as Apollo and Jewels.
In 2006, he danced the lead role of Matteo in the premiere of Pierre Lacotte's revival of Ondine.

## Personal life

Sarafanov's wife is Mariinsky ballerina, Olesya Novikova; the couple lives in St Petersburg with their four children.
# Adaptive bias

Adaptive bias is the idea that the human brain has evolved to reason adaptively, rather than truthfully or even rationally, and that cognitive bias may have evolved as a mechanism to reduce the overall cost of cognitive errors as opposed to merely reducing the number of cognitive errors, when faced with making a decision under conditions of uncertainty.

## Error Management Theory

According to Error Management Theory, when making decisions under conditions of uncertainty, two kinds of errors need to be taken into account—"false positives", i.e. deciding that a risk or benefit exists when it does not, and "false negatives", i.e. failing to notice a risk or benefit that exists. False positives are also commonly called "Type I errors", and false negatives are called "Type II errors".
Where the cost or impact of a Type I error is much greater than the cost of a Type II error (e.g. the water is safe to drink), it can be worthwhile to bias the decision-making system towards making fewer Type I errors, i.e. making it less likely to conclude that a particular situation exists. This by definition would also increase the number of Type II errors. Conversely, where a false positive is much less costly than a false negative (blood tests, smoke detectors), it makes sense to bias the system towards maximising the probability that a particular (very costly) situation will be recognised, even if this often leads to the (relatively un-costly) event of noticing something that is not actually there. This situation is exhibited in modern airport screening—maximising the probability of preventing a high-cost terrorist event results in frequent, low-cost screening hassles for harmless travelers who represent a minimal threat.
Haselton & Buss (2003) state that cognitive bias can be expected to have developed in humans for cognitive tasks where:
* decision-making is complicated by a significant signal-detection problem (i.e. when there is uncertainty)
* the solution to the particular kind of decision-making problem has had a recurrent effect on survival and fitness throughout evolutionary history
* the costs of a "false positive" or "false negative" error dramatically outweighs the cost of the alternative type of error

## The costly information hypothesis

The costly information hypothesis is used to explore how adaptive biases relate to cultural evolution within the field of dual inheritance theory. The focus is on the evolutionary trade-offs in cost between individual learning, (e.g., operant conditioning) and social learning. If more accurate information that could be acquired through individual learning is too costly, evolution may favor learning mechanisms that, in turn, are biased towards less costly, (though potentially less accurate), information via social learning.
# Herbert Ashford

Herbert Edwin Ashford (18 December 1896 – September 1978) was an English professional football left half who played in the Football League for Queens Park Rangers.

## Career statistics

| Club | Season | League | League | League | National Cup | National Cup | Total | Total |
| Club | Season | Division | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals |
| Brentford | 1919–20 | Southern League First Division | 9 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 9 | 0 |
| Queens Park Rangers | 1920–21 | Third Division | 5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 5 | 0 |
| Queens Park Rangers | 1921–22 | Third Division South | 5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 5 | 0 |
| Queens Park Rangers | Total | Total | 10 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 10 | 0 |
| Ayr United | 1923–24 | Scottish League First Division | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 |
| Career total | Career total | Career total | 21 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 21 | 0 |
# Herbert Lawson

Herbert Lawson (12 April 1905 – 1987) was an English professional footballer who played in the Football League as an outside right, most notably for Brentford and Arsenal.

## Career
### Arsenal

After beginning his career as an amateur with hometown Athenian League club Luton Clarence, Lawson joined First Division strugglers Arsenal in 1924. Lawson had to wait until February 1926 to make his professional debut and he enjoyed a run in the team until the end of the 1925–26 season, making 13 appearances and scoring two goals. He failed to make an appearance during the 1926–27 season and departed Highbury in March 1927.

### Brentford

Lawson dropped down to the Third Division South to sign for fellow London club Brentford in May 1927, as a replacement for retired outside forward Patsy Hendren. After making 13 appearances in what remained of the 1926–27 season, Lawson broke into the team the following year and made 34 appearances, scoring 9 goals. He was mostly confined to the reserves for the following three seasons at Griffin Park and helped the team to London Combination titles in 1931–32 and 1932–33. Lawson left Brentford in 1933, having made 64 appearances and scored 12 goals in six years with the club.

### Later career

After a short spell with Third Division South club Luton Town, Lawson finished his career in non-League football with Bedford Town, Vauxhall Motors and Letchworth.

## Personal life

Lawson's father Billy was trainer at Luton Town for 30 years.

## Career statistics

Appearances and goals by club, season and competition :
| Club | Season | League | League | League | FA Cup | FA Cup | Total | Total |
| Club | Season | Division | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals |
| Arsenal | 1925–26 | First Division | 13 | 2 | 3 | 0 | 15 | 2 |
| Brentford | 1926–27 | Third Division South | 13 | 2 | — | — | 13 | 2 |
| Brentford | 1927–28 | Third Division South | 34 | 9 | 0 | 0 | 34 | 9 |
| Brentford | 1928–29 | Third Division South | 8 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 9 | 1 |
| Brentford | 1930–31 | Third Division South | 4 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 5 | 0 |
| Brentford | 1931–32 | Third Division South | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 0 |
| Brentford | Total | Total | 62 | 12 | 2 | 0 | 64 | 12 |
| Luton Town | 1933–34 | Third Division South | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
| Career Total | Career Total | Career Total | 76 | 14 | 5 | 0 | 80 | 14 |

## Honours

Brentford Reserves
* London Combination: 1931–32, 1932–33
# Harry Singleton

Harry Bertram Singleton (8 September 1877 – 5 July 1948) was an English professional footballer who played as a outside forward.
# Besida

Besida (Rusyn: Бесіда) is a journal edited by Petro Trochanowski in Krynica, Poland. It is known as a source of information about the Lemko people.
# Quinn Porter

Quinn Purnell Porter (born February 2, 1986) is an American former professional football running back. He was signed by the Green Bay Packers of the National Football League (NFL) as an undrafted free agent in 2010. He played college football at Stillman College.
He was also a member of the Washington Redskins, Cleveland Browns, St. Louis Rams, Toronto Argonauts and FCF Beasts.

## Early life and college

Porter attended Quartz Hill High School in Quartz Hill, California.
Porter was academically ineligible to play college football his freshman year at Stillman College and was instead a member of the cheerleading team.

## Professional career

Porter signed with the Green Bay Packers on April 30, 2010. He was waived/injured on August 31, 2010 and reverted to injured reserve the next day. He was waived by the Packers on September 4, 2010.
He was signed to the practice squad of the Washington Redskins on October 7, 2010. He was released on October 26, 2010.
Porter was signed to the practice squad of the Cleveland Browns on November 23, 2010. He signed a reserve/future contract with the Browns on January 4, 2011. He was waived on September 3, 2011 and signed to the team's practice squad on September 5, 2011. He was released by the Browns on September 14, 2011.
Porter signed with the St. Louis Rams on September 14, 2011. He appeared in 12 games for the Rams during the 2011 season, returning 25 kicks for 554 yards while also recording four solo tackles and one assisted tackle. He was waived on April 30, 2012.
Porter signed with the Toronto Argonauts of the Canadian Football League on May 2, 2013. He played in six games, starting one, for the Argonauts in 2013. On September 21, 2013, Porter was released by the Argonauts.
After seven years out of football, he signed with Fan Controlled Football for its inaugural 2021 season. He played for the Beasts. Porter was franchise tagged by the Beasts on March 13, 2022.
# Horace Wallbanks

William Horace Wallbanks (9 April 1918 – 2004) was an English professional footballer who played as a winger.
# Hugh McLenahan

Hugh McLenahan (23 March 1909 – May 1988) was an English footballer who played at half back for several Football League clubs, including Stockport County, Manchester United and Notts County, before his career was halted by the Second World War in September 1939.
Born in West Gorton, Manchester, McLenahan began his football career with various clubs in the Manchester area before signing for Stockport County as an amateur in February 1927. Just three months later, he was transferred to Manchester United. Having heard that Stockport were holding a bazaar to ease their financial difficulties, United's assistant manager Louis Rocca, whose family ran a successful ice cream business in the Newton Heath district of the city, donated a freezer full of ice cream to the event in exchange for Stockport releasing McLenahan from his contract.
McLenahan made his Manchester United debut on 4 February 1928, playing at right half in a 4–1 defeat away to Tottenham Hotspur. He went on to make a further nine appearances that season, and helped Manchester United to narrowly avoid relegation to the Second Division. A broken leg meant that he missed the majority of the 1928–29 season, playing just once; against Aston Villa on 27 August 1928.
He returned to first team action on 12 October 1929, playing at left half in a 5–2 defeat at home to Grimsby Town. Later in the season, McLenahan went on a scoring spree, scoring six goals in five consecutive games at inside right in April 1930. The 1929–30 season would prove to be the highest-scoring season of McLenahan's Manchester United career. He proved to be a fairly versatile player for United, and although he was not a regular starter, he still managed to make 116 appearances for the club (112 in the league and four in the FA Cup), scoring 12 goals, and even captaining the team on a few occasions. By the mid-1930s, his appearances in the United first team had become few and far between and the decision was taken to allow McLenahan to move to Notts County in December 1937.
McLenahan played for Notts County for almost two seasons, becoming an established name in the Notts County team, but his career was halted by the outbreak of the Second World War in September 1939. By the time the war ended in 1945, McLenahan was 36 years old, and too old to continue playing football. He died in Macclesfield, Cheshire, in May 1988 at the age of 79.
# John Hardy (footballer)

John James Hardy (10 February 1899 – 1932) was an English professional footballer who played as a centre-half.
# Ter-Grigoryan

Ter-Grigoryan or Ter-Grigoryan (Armenian: Տեր-Գրիգորյան) is an Armenian surname.
* Anatoli Ter-Grigoryan, birth name of Anatoly Eiramdzhan (1937-2014), Russian-Armenian film director, writer and producer
* Vahan Ter-Grigoryan, birth name of Vahan Terian (1885-1920), Armenian poet, lyrist and public activist
# FC Mtskheta

FC Mtskheta is a Georgian association football club at Meore Liga.
# Hovik Hayrapetyan Equestrian Centre

Hovik Hayrapetyan Equestrian Centre (Armenian: Հովիկ Հայրապետյանի անվան Ձիասպորտի Կենտրոն), is a large equestrian complex and horse racing hippodrome in Yerevan, Armenia, opened in 2001. The centre occupies an area of 85 hectares at the southern Shengavit District of the capital city.

## History

The Equestrian Sport in Armenia was founded in 1953 and is currently directed by the Equestrian Federation of Armenia (FEA), globally recognized by the International Federation for Equestrian Sports (FEI). With the increasing interest towards the equestrian sport in Armenia, the Hovik Hayrapetyan Equestrian Centre was founded in 2001.
The centre consists of an 1800 meters-long horse racing hippodrome, one outdoor and one indoor equestrian international competitions arenas. The centre is also home to the Jockey restaurant.
The centre is the regular venue for many domestic and regional competitions. Currently, it is the only equestrian centre in Armenia with an indoor arena.
The headquarters of the Federation of Equestrian sport of Armenia are located in the centre.
# Kniahynivka

Kniahynivka (Ukrainian: Княгинівка; Russian: Княгиневка) is a rural settlement in the Rovenky Raion of the Luhansk Oblast of Ukraine. Population: 816 (2022 estimate)
# Carolyn Lilipaly

Carolijn "Carolyn" Lilipaly is a Dutch news anchor and actress.

## Early life and education

Dutch-Moluccan Carolijn Lilipaly was born in Middelburg. Her father was former Dutch Labour Party parliament member John Lilipaly (1943-2022).
She studied law.

## Career

Lilipaly became a presenter for MTV Europe in London. Carolyn was the host of MTV Hit List UK, MTV News at Night and The Big Picture. At this time she adopted the name Carolyn so it would be easier pronounced by English speakers. In the five years that she worked for MTV she travelled around the world and interviewed a host of international stars from the world of music and film. Later on she worked as a presenter for CNBC Europe, Net 5, and Canal Plus.
Lilipaly was a news anchor for the Dutch morning news program NOS Journaal from January 2003 through February 2004. High points in her time at NOS included the presentation of a special Journal about the arrest of Saddam Hussein. In the beginning of 2004 she left the NOS and worked for Omroep Zeeland television, where she presented the news.
She acted in the 1999 movie The Delivery.
# Heaven's Trail (No Way Out)

"Heaven's Trail (No Way Out)" is a song by American rock band Tesla. The song was released as the lead single from the group's second studio album, The Great Radio Controversy. The song peaked at #13 on the Billboard Mainstream Rock Songs chart on March 18, 1989.
Along with "Love Song" and "What You Give", "Heaven's Trail (No Way Out)" is considered to be one of the band's signature songs. The song's intro and outro features a slide guitar.

## Reception

In his review of the album, AllMusic's Steve Huey called "Heaven's Trail (No Way Out)" one of Tesla's best songs. The song was called one of the 50 Metal Songs That Defined 1989 by Loudwire in 2019.

## Personnel

* Jeff Keith – lead vocals
* Tommy Skeoch – lead guitar, backing vocals
* Frank Hannon – rhythm guitar, slide guitar
* Brian Wheat – bass
* Troy Luccketta – drums

## Charts

| Chart (1989) | Peak position |
| US Mainstream Rock (Billboard) | 13 |
# Peter Boyd (cyclist)

Peter Boyd (born 1963) is an English male former international cyclist.

## Cycling career

Boyd is a multiple British national champion on the track in the tandem (ten times), seven times with Gary Hibbert, once with Neil Campbell and twice with Dave Heald.
He represented England in the 1,000 metres match sprint, at the 1990 Commonwealth Games in Auckland, New Zealand.

## Palmarès
### 1989

    1st Tandem, 1989 British National Track Championships

### 1990

    1st Tandem, 1990 British National Track Championships

### 1991

    1st Tandem, 1991 British National Track Championships

### 1992

    1st Tandem, 1992 British National Track Championships

### 1993

    1st Tandem, 1993 British National Track Championships

### 1994

    1st Tandem, 1994 British National Track Championships

### 1995

    1st Tandem, 1995 British National Track Championships
    2nd Team Sprint, 1995 British National Track Championships

### 1998

    1st Tandem, 1998 British National Track Championships

### 2002

    1st Tandem, 2002 British National Track Championships

### 2003

    2nd Tandem, 2003 British National Track Championships

### 2004

    1st Tandem, 2004 British National Track Championships

### 2006

    3rd Tandem, 2006 British National Track Championships

### 2011

    3rd Tandem, 2011 British National Track Championships

### 2013

    3rd Tandem, 2013 British National Track Championships

### 2022

    2nd Tandem, 2022 British National Track Championships

### 2024

    3rd Tandem, 2024 British Cycling National Track Championships
# Half of Oscar

Half of Oscar (Spanish: La mitad de Óscar) is a 2010 Spanish-Cuban drama film directed by Manuel Martín Cuenca from a screenplay by Martín Cuenca and Alejandro Hernández. It stars Verónica Echegui, Rodrigo Sáenz de Heredia, Denis Eyriey, and Antonio de la Torre.

## Plot

The plot explores the theme of incest. Upon the worsening of his grandfather's Alzheimer's disease, sullen security guard Óscar meets at the hospital with lively sister María (accompanied by French boyfriend Jean) whom with he has a fraught relationship.

## Cast

* Rodrigo Sáenz de Heredia as Óscar
* Verónica Echegui as María
* Denis Eyriey as Jean
* Antonio de la Torre as taxista

## Production

A Spanish-Cuban co-production, the film was produced by La Loma Blanca PC alongside 14 Pies Audiovisual and ICAIC, with the participation of Canal Sur. Shooting in the province of Almería (including locations such Cabo de Gata and El Cañarete) wrapped in March 2010.

## Release

The film screened at the 35th Toronto International Film Festival on 14 September 2010. Distributed by Golem Distribución, it was released theatrically in Spain on 18 March 2011.

## Reception

Jonathan Holland of Variety assessed that despite being "undeniably accomplished, visually striking and superbly played by Rodrigo Saenz de Heredia as its tightly-wound protag", the film "ultimately plays as too leisurely and detached for all but fest auds".
Mirito Torreiro of Fotogramas rated the film 4 out of 5 stars, praising the "extraordinary mise-en-scène", but negatively assessing the (excessive) "hieratism" displayed by the male protagonist.
Sergio F. Pinilla of Cinemanía rated the film 4 out of 5 stars, considering it to be an example of "intimate, risky and honest cinema", which were it to be authored by Louis Malle, it would be deemed a masterpiece.

## Accolades

| Year | Award | Category | Nominee(s) | Result | Ref. |
| 2012 | 21st Actors and Actresses Union Awards | Best New Actor | Rodrigo Sáenz de Heredia | Nominated | |
# Boronuk

Boronuk (Russian: Боронук; Yakut: Боронук) is a rural locality (a selo), the administrative center of, and one of two settlements in addition to Machakh in Babushinsky Rural Okrug of Verkhoyansky District in the Sakha Republic, Russia, located 107 kilometers (66 mi) from Batagay, the administrative center of the district. Its population as of the 2010 Census was 307; down from 364 recorded in the 2002 Census.
# Levon Chailakhyan

Levon Mikhailovich Chailakhyan (Armenian: Լևոն Միքայելի Չայլախյան, Russian: Левон Михайлович Чайлахян; 21 June 1928 – 23 February 2009) was a Russian physiologist, biophysicist, and embryologist, also a member of the Russian Academy of Sciences. He was a director of the Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Biophysics of Russian Academy of Sciences, located in Pushchino, Moscow Oblast.
Chailakhyan published more than 450 works in Russian, and other countries around the world, he was also awarded the medal of the All-Russia Physiological Society. Chailakhyan along with B.N. Veprintsev, T.A. Sviridova, V.A. Nikitin had cloned the first mammal, known as Masha the mouse, which was ten years before Dolly the Sheep.

## Biography

Levon Chailakhyan was born in Yerevan to Mikhail Chailakhyan and Tamara Karlovna Amatuni-Chailakhyan. He was ethnic Armenian.
When he was 19, Levon began his education at the Biological Faculty of the Moscow State University, and graduated with specializing in Human and animal physiology.
# Sharoni

Sharoni (Hebrew: שרוני) is a surname of Hebrew origin. Notable people with the surname include:
* Benny Sharoni, Israeli-American saxophonist
* Moshe Sharoni (1929 - 2020), Israeli politician
* Simona Sharoni (born 1961), Romanian-Israeli feminist scholar