OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Rudniki, Wołomin County

Rudniki is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Tłuszcz, within Wołomin County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately 6 kilometres (4 mi) south-east of Tłuszcz, 20 km (12 mi) east of Wołomin, and 41 km (25 mi) north-east of Warsaw.
# Ian Gouw

Ian Iskandar Gouw (traditional Chinese: 吳澋滔; simplified Chinese: 吴澋滔; pinyin: Wú Jǐngtāo; Cantonese Yale: Ng King-to, born 9 April 1997) is an actor, artist, and producer from Hong Kong.

## Career

At the age of eight, Gouw was cast as a lead role in the film Fu zi (also known as "After This Our Exile"), directed by Patrick Tam. Gouw modelled for DKNY Children's Clothing as well as for Disney Clothing in 2006. At age nine, Gouw went on to become the youngest actor ever to win and receive the Taipei Golden Horse Film Festival for Best Supporting Actor. Gouw also went on to become the youngest ever to win two Hong Kong Film Festival awards for his debut film Fu zi for Best New Performer, and Best Supporting actor respectively.
In the fall of 2009, Gouw also voiced the Cantonese version of Astro Boy.

## Personal life

Ian Gouw's mother is the late Hong Kong actress Michelle Sima and his father, Togi Gouw, is a Dutch businessman of Chinese Indonesian descent.

## Filmography

| Year | Film | Role | Notes |
| 2006 | After This Our Exile | Lok Yun | |
| 2009 | Astro Boy | Astro Boy | Cantonese dubbing |
| 2020 | Septet: The Story of Hong Kong | | segment: "Tender Is the Night" |

## Awards
### Awards won

* Awards
* Golden Horse Award
* 2006 - Best Supporting Actor for After This Our Exile
* Hong Kong Film Award
* 2007 - Best New Performer for After This Our Exile
* 2007 - Best Supporting Actor for After This Our Exile
* Golden Bauhinia Awards
* 2007 - Best New Performer for After This Our Exile
* 2007 - Best Supporting Actor for After This Our Exile
# Gurpan

Gurpan (Persian: گورپان, also Romanized as Gūrpān; also known as Jowrfān and Jūrfān) is a village in Rezqabad Rural District, in the Central District of Esfarayen County, North Khorasan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 195, in 57 families.
# Szarvas District

Szarvas (Hungarian: Szarvasi járás; Slovak: Sarvašský okres) is a district in western part of Békés County. Szarvas is also the name of the town where the district seat is found. The district is located in the Southern Great Plain Statistical Region.

## Geography

Szarvas District borders with Mezőtúr District (Jász-Nagykun-Szolnok County) to the north, Gyomaendrőd District to the northeast, Békés District to the east, Békéscsaba District to the southeast, Orosháza District and Szentes District (Csongrád County) to the south, Kunszentmárton District (Jász-Nagykun-Szolnok County) to the west. The number of the inhabited places in Szarvas District is 6.

## Municipalities

The district has 2 towns, 2 large villages and 2 villages. (ordered by population, as of 1 January 2012)
* Békésszentandrás (3,765)
* Csabacsűd (1,800)
* Kardos (608)
* Kondoros (5,201)
* Örménykút (374)
* Szarvas (17,007) – district seat
The bolded municipalities are cities, italics municipalities are large villages.

## Demographics

Religion in Szarvas District (2011 census)
In 2011, it had a population of 28,779 and the population density was 59/km².
| Year | County population | Change |
| 2011 | 28,779 | n/a |

### Ethnicity

Besides the Hungarian majority, the main minorities are the Slovak (approx. 3,000), Roma (500), German and Romanian (100).
Total population (2011 census): 28,779 Ethnic groups (2011 census): Identified themselves: 28,588 persons:
* Hungarians: 24,801 (86.75%)
* Slovaks: 2,820 (9.86%)
* Gypsies: 514 (1.80%)
* Others and indefinable: 453 (1.58%)
Approx. 200 persons in Szarvas District did not declare their ethnic group at the 2011 census.

### Religion

Religious adherence in the county according to 2011 census:
* Evangelical – 7,523;
* Catholic – 5,510 (Roman Catholic – 5,463; Greek Catholic – 47);
* Reformed – 1,191;
* other religions – 338;
* Non-religious – 6,860;
* Atheism – 278;
* Undeclared – 7,079.

## Gallery

* Szarvas, the district seat
* View of Kondoros
* Batthyány-Geist hunting lodge near Kondoros
* Tessedik Sámuel Collage in Szarvas
# Shamsabad, Darmian

Shamsabad (Persian: شمس اباد, also Romanized as Shamsābād) is a village in Qohestan Rural District, Qohestan District, Darmian County, South Khorasan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 65, in 22 families.
# Amougies Airfield

Amougies Airfield (ICAO: EBAM) (French: aérodrome d'Amougies) is a small airfield just south of the Kluisberg, in Amougies, part of the Walloon municipality of Mont-de-l'Enclus, Hainaut, Belgium.
As of 2010, it only hosts ULM operations. Visiting pilots should carefully respect noise abatement procedures.
From 24 to 28 October 1969 the small village of Amougies nearby was the venue for the Festival Actuel. Billed as "60 Heures de Musique: 50 Francs", the concert featured such performers as Yes, Pink Floyd, Ten Years After, Caravan and Pretty Things, with headline act Frank Zappa.
# Molla Qasem, Maragheh

Molla Qasem (Persian: ملاقاسم, also Romanized as Mollā Qāsem) is a village in Sarajuy-ye Sharqi Rural District, Saraju District, Maragheh County, East Azerbaijan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 458, in 97 families.
# Exact coloring

In graph theory, an exact coloring is a (proper) vertex coloring in which every pair of colors appears on exactly one pair of adjacent vertices. That is, it is a partition of the vertices of the graph into disjoint independent sets such that, for each pair of distinct independent sets in the partition, there is exactly one edge with endpoints in each set.

## Complete graphs, detachments, and Euler tours

Every n-vertex complete graph K$_n$ has an exact coloring with n colors, obtained by giving each vertex a distinct color. Every graph with an n-color exact coloring may be obtained as a detachment of a complete graph, a graph obtained from the complete graph by splitting each vertex into an independent set and reconnecting each edge incident to the vertex to exactly one of the members of the corresponding independent set.
When k is an odd number, A path or cycle with ${\tbinom {k}{2}}$ edges has an exact coloring, obtained by forming an exact coloring of the complete graph K$_k$ and then finding an Euler tour of this complete graph. For instance, a path with three edges has a complete 3-coloring.

## Related types of coloring

Exact colorings are closely related to harmonious colorings (colorings in which each pair of colors appears at most once) and complete colorings (colorings in which each pair of colors appears at least once). Clearly, an exact coloring is a coloring that is both harmonious and complete. A graph G with n vertices and m edges has a harmonious k-coloring if and only if $m\leq {\tbinom {k}{2}}$ and the graph formed from G by adding ${\tbinom {k}{2}}-m$ isolated edges has an exact coloring. A graph G with the same parameters has a complete k-coloring if and only if $m\geq {\tbinom {k}{2}}$ and there exists a subgraph H of G with an exact k-coloring in which each edge of G − H has endpoints of different colorings. The need for the condition on the edges of G − H is shown by the example of a four-vertex cycle, which has a subgraph with an exact 3-coloring (the three-edge path) but does not have a complete 3-coloring itself.

## Computational complexity

It is NP-complete to determine whether a given graph has an exact coloring, even in the case that the graph is a tree. However, the problem may be solved in polynomial time for trees of bounded degree.
# Jaswant Singh Saini

Jaswant Singh Saini is an Indian politician and Minister of State in the Government of Uttar Pradesh. He is a member of the Uttar Pradesh Legislative Council and represents Bharatiya Janata Party.

## Political career

On 25 March 2022, the Chief Minister of Uttar Pradesh, Yogi Adityanath, appointed Jaswant Saini as the Minister of State of Parliamentary Affairs in Uttar Pradesh government.
# Rudno, Mińsk County

Rudno is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Dobre, within Mińsk County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately 4 kilometres (2 mi) south-east of Dobre, 17 km (11 mi) north-east of Mińsk Mazowiecki, and 50 km (31 mi) east of Warsaw.
# Franz Isidor Proschko

Franz Isidor Proschko, pseudonym Franz von Hohenfurth (2 April 1816 in Hohenfurth, Bohemia – 6 February 1891 in Vienna), was an Austrian author.

## Early life

From 1828 Proschko attended the high school in České Budějovice and then studied Civil and Criminal Law at the University in Prague. After he finished studies at the University of Vienna with a legal dissertation was finished, he took a job as a trainee at police headquarters in Linz.
Proschko was a police officer and after a stop in Graz, he was transferred to Vienna in 1867 one was awarded the title Police Council awarded in 1883, he went on board. At the age of 75 years of age Franz Isidor Proschko died on 6 February 1891 in Vienna. His final resting place he found in a grave of honor (German: Ehrengrab) in the Vienna Central Cemetery between the composer Josef Mayseder and Johannes Baptist Moser.
# Siba Sheikh Khidir

Siba Sheikh Khidir (Kurdish: سیبا شێخ خدر, romanized: Sîba Şêx Xidir, Arabic: الجزيرة, romanized: al-Jazirah, also Jazira or Jazeera) is a village located in the Sinjar District of the Ninawa Governorate in Iraq. The village is located south of the Sinjar Mount. It belongs to the disputed territories of Northern Iraq. Siba Sheikh Khidir is populated by Yazidis and was one of two villages targeted in the 2007 Yazidi communities bombings against the local Yazidi community.
# Komańcza Monastery

The Monastery of Sisters of the Holy Family of Nazareth in Komańcza (Polish: Klasztor Zgromadzenia Sióstr Najświętszej Rodziny z Nazaretu w Komańczy, Klasztor nazaretanek) opened in May 1928. It was established as a house of the Assembly of Nuns of the Holy Family of Nazareth, in the diocese of Przemyśl. At the beginning of 1927 in a rented house lived five sisters, working mainly in the parish church and the vestry. The Swiss-style building with the brick ground flour and wooden upper floors was built on a mountain meadow by the builders from Rymanów in 1929, and consecrated in 1931. During the Nazi German occupation in the monastery quartered German soldiers. At the same time nuns hid wanted priests and Jewish people.
Cardinal Stefan Wyszynski was, from 29 October 1955 to 28 October 1956, interned in the monastery .
# Poring

Poring is a small tourist resort in Sabah, Malaysia. Located 40 km south-east of the Kinabalu National Park Headquarters, in the district of Ranau, Poring is situated in lowland rainforest, contrasting with the montane and submontane rainforest of Kinabalu National Park. The name Poring comes from a Kadazandusun word for a bamboo species found in the area.
Poring is known for its hot springs and the popular recreation and tourist complex is known as Poring Hot Springs. The springs are known for their therapeutic properties and the waters with their sulphuric minerals are reputed to ease aching muscles. The baths are favoured by returned climbers of Mount Kinabalu.

## Features

* Butterfly farm: Borneo's first butterfly farm features a garden, nursery and hatchery for the purpose of research, education and the conservation of endangered species.
* Poring Orchid Conservation Centre: With 1,200 species of orchids found with Kinabalu Park, the centre has the largest collection of Sabah's endemic orchids.
* Kipungit Waterfall: Kipungit Waterfall is a 30-minute walk from Poring Hot Springs. The waterfall is smaller than the Laganan Waterfall, which is a 90-minute walk from Poring Hot Springs.
* Tropical Garden: Mousedeer and other deer are exhibited with colourful birds in the aviary.
* Poring Canopy Walkway: Visitors can stroll amidst the canopy of the Menggaris tree - the King of the Forest. The Walkway is 157.8 m long and 41 m high.
* Accommodation: Poring Hot Spring features accommodation which used to be run by Sabah Parks under Kinabalu Nature Resorts in a very minimalist approach. Since then, the management has been taken over by Sutera Sanctuary Lodges, which on the one hand has significantly modernised the accommodation facilities, but on the other, rocketed the prices of especially the refurbished accommodations.
# Qaleh Timi

Qaleh Timi (Persian: قلعه تيمي, also Romanized as Qal‘eh Tīmī; also known as Qal‘eh Temī) is a village in Dorunak Rural District, Zeydun District, Behbahan County, Khuzestan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 77, in 21 families.
# Ilya Frez

Ilya Abramovich Frez (Russian: Илья Абрамович Фрэз; 20 August 1909, Roslavl – 22 June 1994, Moscow), PAU, was a Soviet film director primarily known for his films for younger viewers. Among his films was the internationally popular I Loved You of 1967.

## Selected filmography

* First-Year Student (1948)
* Vasyok Trubachyov and His Comrades (1955)
* Trubachyov's Detachment Is Fighting (1957)
* I Loved You (1967)
* Adventures of the Yellow Suitcase (1970)
* Crank from 5th B (1970)
* We Didn't Learn This (1975)
* Could One Imagine? (1981)
* Quarantine (1983)
* Personal file of Judge Ivanova (1985)
# Rumunki, Gostynin County

Rumunki is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Gostynin, within Gostynin County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland.
# FW de Klerk Foundation

The FW de Klerk Foundation is a nonpartisan organisation that was established in 1999 by former South African president Frederik Willem de Klerk.
It engages in activities related to "multi-community" countries and aims to support and nurture South Africa's democracy. The Foundation's principles are aligned with the South African constitution, multi-party democracy, and free-market economics. Its proposed objectives include supporting and promoting the constitution, fostering unity in diversity, aiding charities for disabled and disadvantaged children, and providing information on de Klerk's presidency.
Dr Theuns Eloff was the Executive Director of the Foundation from 1 July 2016. He was succeeded by the current Chairman, Dave Steward. The Foundation was involved in 2006 in the resolution of tensions concerning a directive by the Police Commissioner in the Western Cape Province that English be the sole language medium for police documentation even in primarily non-English speaking areas of the Province.
The Foundation also incorporates the Centre for Constitutional Rights (CFCR). The CFCR seeks to promote the values, rights and principles of the Constitution, to monitor developments including policy and draft legislation that might affect the Constitution and the values, rights or principles provided therein, to inform people and organisations of their constitutional rights and to assist them in claiming their rights. The CFCR is headed by Phephelaphi Dube (as of 1 May 2016) as Director of the CFCR and advised by an eminent group of constitutional experts under the patronage of the Honourable Justice Ian Farlam Archived 22 July 2015 at the Wayback Machine, retired judge of the Supreme Court of Appeal.
# Deda, Mureș

Deda (Hungarian: Déda, Hungarian pronunciation:) is a commune in Mureș County, Transylvania, Romania. It is composed of four villages: Bistra Mureșului (Dédabisztra), Deda, Filea (Füleháza) and Pietriș (Maroskövesd).

## Location

The commune lies on the Transylvanian Plateau, at an altitude of 466 m (1,529 ft). It is situated at the feet of the Călimani Mountains, at the point where the Mureș River exits a gorge beginning at Toplița. The Casele Creek flows in the town into the Mureș. Deda is located in the northeastern part of Mureș County, 25 km (16 mi) from the city of Reghin and 57 km (35 mi) from the county seat, Târgu Mureș.
Deda is an important railway junction, linking the CFR Line 405 to Târgu Mureș with the CFR Main Line 400 connecting Brașov and Dej. The commune is crossed by national road DN15 [ro] (on this section, part of European route E578), which runs from Turda in Cluj County to Târgu Mureș and on to Bacău in Western Moldavia.

## History

The village of Deda was first documented in 1393, under its current name.

## Population

In 2002 the commune numbered 4,332 inhabitants, including 4,001 ethnic Romanians, 261 Roma, and 68 Hungarians. At the 2011 census, there were 4,113 inhabitants; of those, 88.14% were Romanians, 8.49% Roma, and 1.05% Hungarians. At the 2021 census, Deda had a population of 3,933, of which 79.3% were Romanians and 14.82% Roma.

## Natives

* Vasile Netea [ro] (1912 – 1989), writer and historian
# US Commercial Real Estate Index

The US Commercial Real Estate Index ("CREI") is an index with a number of sub-Indices that are designed to demonstrate the relative strength of the United States Commercial Real Estate market.

## History

In 2014, the US CREI was created by CRE Demographics, LLC, and examines eight economic drivers in order to determine relative market strength.

## Inputs

The economic drivers behind the CREI are isolated into sub-indices that include the Employment Index, Commercial Real Estate Price Index, Credit Index, Consumer Confidence Index, Housing Index, Inflation Index, Income Index, and the Retail Index.
In total, there are over 60 inputs in the US Commercial Real Estate Index all of which come from publicly released data. Most of these come from public sources that are listed below.
* Automatic Data Processing (ADP)
* Bureau of Economic Analysis (BEA)
* The Conference Board
* Federal Housing Finance Authority (FHFA)
* Federal Reserve
* Mortgage Bankers Association
* Mortgage Market Survey
* National Association of Real Estate Investment Trusts (NAREIT)
* National Association of Realtors (NAR)
* New York Stock Exchange
* University of Michigan
* United States Census Bureau
* United States Department of Labor
* United States Treasury
# Quota Elimination

Quota Elimination is an initiative to eliminate the use of quotas in all textile and clothing trade between nations which are members of the World Trade Organization (WTO). Doing so was one of the key commitments undertaken at the WTO Uruguay Round in 1994 to retire the Multi Fibre Arrangement. The ATC, that is the WTO Agreement on Textile and Clothing, is the regulation governing textile and clothing and implements this commitment.
The agreement established a ten-year period which would eliminate the use of quotas in all textile and clothing trade between WTO nations. It expired on December 31, 2004. As of January 1, 2005, the garment and fabric trade worldwide is operating without quotas. To ensure the respect of bilateral textile agreements, goods shipped prior to January 1, 2005 and subject to the 2004 quotas will be subject to the import regime of 2004 even if they are presented to customs after January 1.
To avoid excessive burdens on trade and customs, as of April 1, 2005, all garments and fabrics will trade freely into the European Union (EU). Although the quotas have been eliminated, the regulation also sets up a statistical monitoring system for the imports of textiles and clothing into the EU. This system is to provide information regarding the chance of market disruptions and will allow for the governing body to closely follow the trade in this new environment. This regulation is beneficial for Canadian clothing and fabric manufacturers because now there are fewer restrictions. It is hoped by some that this ruling will open up the European market in the near future. Benefits of the abolition of quotas are also expected to textile companies in India and Pakistan.
# Alferius

Alferius (Italian: Sant'Alferio) (930–1050) was an Italian abbot and saint.

## Life

Alferius was born in Salerno to the noble Pappacarbona family. He spent many years in service to Guaimar. Prince of Salerno. In 1002, Alferius was named to head a delegation from his city to King Robert II of France. Taking ill during the journey, he convalesced at the monastery of S. Michele della Chiusa. While there, he met Odilo of Cluny and vowed to become a monk himself if he recovered. He spent some time at Cluny before returning to Salerno.
Around 1020, he withdrew to the foot of Monte Finestra, southwest of Cava, where he lived a life of contemplation and prayer. At the beginning of the 11th century, a nucleus of hermit monks, attracted by the famed saintliness of Alferius, joined him. In 1011, he founded the monastery of La Trinità della Cava. It followed the Benedictine rule.

## Veneration

The first four abbots of Cava were officially recognized as saints on December 21, 1893, by Pope Leo XIII. The first four abbots are Alferius; Leo I (1050–79); Peter of Pappacarbone (1079–1123); and Constabilis.
# Pratap Singh (referee)

Pratap Singh Patwal (born 8 December 1971) is an Indian football referee.

## Biography

Pratap is originally from the town of Premnagar, Uttarakhand. He served in the Indian Navy before voluntarily retiring.

## Refereeing career

Pratap is on the FIFA referees list and the Asian Football Confederation (AFC) Elite Refereeing Panel for 2012. He has been a FIFA referee since 2009. He made his debut in an international match between India and Yemen in Pune in 2010.
Pratap is a member of the Uttarakhand State Football Referee Association.
In October 2012 he became one of three Indian referees to be offered professional contracts. The AIFF contracted Pratap from October 2012 to May 2013. He was awarded AIFF Best Referee Award for 2013 and best referee for 2013–14 I-League.

## Refereeing Administrator

Starting from July 2019, Pratap was hired as refereeing Senior Manager of the Asian Football Confederation (AFC) and oversees all AFC Refereeing activities and development in the AFC Competitions. He resigned and joined the Indonesia Football Federation (PSSI) as Refereeing director in March 2024.
# Abu'l-Fath

Abu'l-Fath ibn Abi al-Hasan al-Samiri al-Danafi, (Arabic: أبو الفتح إبن أبي الحسن السامري) was a 14th-century Samaritan chronicler. His major work is Kitab al-Ta'rikh (Arabic: كتاب التاريخ). The work was commissioned in 1352 by Pinḥas, Samaritan High Priest, and begun in 1356. It is a compilation of Samaritan history from cited earlier sources, running from Adam to Mohammed. It was edited by Eduard Vilmar as Abulfathi annales Samaritani (Gotha, 1865).
# Doveyseh, Marivan

Doveyseh (Persian: دويسه) is a village in Sarshiv Rural District, Sarshiv District, Marivan County, Kurdistan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 375, in 82 families. It is in the western part of Iran, near the border with Iraq. The village is populated by Kurds.