OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# McIntosh and Fildes' anaerobic jar

McIntosh and Fildes' anaerobic jar is an instrument used in the production of an anaerobic environment. This method of anaerobiosis as others is used to culture bacteria which die or fail to grow in presence of oxygen (anaerobes). It was originally introduced by James McIntosh, Paul Fildes and William Bulloch in 1916. McIntosh and Fildes, after whom the device has been named, published an improved version in 1921.

## Construction

The jar, about 20 by 12.5 inches (510 mm × 320 mm) is made of metal. Its parts are as follows:
* The body made up of metal (airtight)
* The lid, also metal can be placed in an airtight fashion
* A screw going through a curved metal strip to secure and hold the lid in place
* A thermometer to measuring the internal temperature
* A pressure gauge to measuring the internal pressure (or a side tube is attached to a manometer)
* Another side tube for evacuation and introduction of gases (to a gas cylinder or a vacuum pump)
* A wire cage hanging from the lid to hold a catalyst that makes hydrogen react to oxygen without the need of any ignition source

## Method of use

* First:
* The culture: The culture media are placed inside the jar, stacked up one on the other, and
* Indicator system: Pseudomonas aeruginosa, inoculated on to a nutrient agar plate is kept inside the jar along with the other plates. This bacteria need oxygen to grow (aerobic). A growth free culture plate at the end of the process indicates a successful anaerobiosis. However, P. aeruginosa possesses a denitrification pathway. If nitrate is present in the media, P. aeruginosa may still grow under anaerobic conditions.
* Second: 6⁄7ths of the air inside is pumped out and replaced with either unmixed Hydrogen or as a 10%CO$_2$+90%H$_2$ mixture. The catalyst (Palladium) acts and the oxygen is used up in forming water with the hydrogen. The manometer registers this as a fall in the internal pressure of the jar.
* Third: Hydrogen is pumped in to fill up the jar so that the pressure inside equals atmospheric pressure. The jar is now incubated at desired temperature settings.
# Chahar Sotun

Chahar Sotun (Persian: چهارستون, also Romanized as Chahār Sotūn) is a village in Koreh Soni Rural District, in the Central District of Salmas County, West Azerbaijan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 446, in 87 families.
# Chaghar Bolagh

Chaghar Bolagh (Persian: چاغربلاغ, also Romanized as Chāghar Bolāgh; also known as Chalākh, Chaqar Bolāgh, and Chaulākh) is a village in Panjeh Ali-ye Jonubi Rural District, in the Central District of Qorveh County, Kurdistan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 497, in 110 families. The village is populated by Kurds.
# Junki Koike

Junki Koike (小池 純輝, Koike Junki, born May 11, 1987) is a Japanese football player currently playing for Tokyo Verdy.

## Club statistics

Updated to 19 July 2022.
| Club performance | Club performance | Club performance | League | League | Cup | Cup | League Cup | League Cup | Continental | Continental | Total | Total |
| Season | Club | League | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals |
| Japan | Japan | Japan | League | League | Emperor's Cup | Emperor's Cup | League Cup | League Cup | Asia | Asia | Total | Total |
| 2006 | Urawa Red Diamonds | J1 League | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | - | - | 0 | 0 |
| 2007 | Urawa Red Diamonds | J1 League | 4 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 5 | 0 |
| 2008 | Urawa Red Diamonds | J1 League | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 2009 | Thespa Kusatsu | J2 League | 49 | 6 | 1 | 0 | – | – | – | – | 50 | 6 |
| 2010 | Mito HollyHock | J2 League | 31 | 2 | 2 | 0 | – | – | – | – | 33 | 2 |
| 2011 | Mito HollyHock | J2 League | 36 | 4 | 3 | 2 | – | – | – | – | 39 | 6 |
| 2012 | Tokyo Verdy | J2 League | 23 | 3 | 2 | 0 | – | – | – | – | 25 | 3 |
| 2013 | Tokyo Verdy | J2 League | 36 | 5 | 2 | 0 | – | – | – | – | 38 | 5 |
| 2014 | Yokohama FC | J2 League | 36 | 4 | 0 | 0 | – | – | – | – | 36 | 4 |
| 2015 | Yokohama FC | J2 League | 41 | 5 | 2 | 0 | – | – | – | – | 43 | 5 |
| 2016 | JEF United Chiba | J2 League | 9 | 0 | 2 | 0 | – | – | – | – | 11 | 0 |
| 2017 | Ehime FC | J2 League | 32 | 0 | 0 | 0 | – | – | – | – | 32 | 0 |
| 2018 | Ehime FC | J2 League | 36 | 3 | 0 | 0 | – | – | – | – | 36 | 3 |
| 2019 | Tokyo Verdy | J2 League | 40 | 16 | 0 | 0 | – | – | – | – | 40 | 16 |
| 2020 | Tokyo Verdy | J2 League | 41 | 7 | – | – | – | – | – | – | 41 | 7 |
| 2021 | Tokyo Verdy | J2 League | 41 | 17 | 0 | 0 | – | – | – | – | 41 | 17 |
| 2022 | Tokyo Verdy | J2 League | 23 | 3 | 0 | 0 | – | – | – | – | 23 | 3 |
| Career total | Career total | Career total | 474 | 75 | 15 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 489 | 77 |
# Kátov

Kátov (Hungarian: Kátó) is a village and municipality in Skalica District in the Trnava Region of western Slovakia.

## History

In historical records the village was first mentioned in 1452.

## Geography

The municipality lies at an altitude of 163 metres and covers an area of 4.274 km². It has a population of about 574 people.

## Genealogical resources

The records for genealogical research are available at the state archive "Statny Archiv in Bratislava, Slovakia"
* Roman Catholic church records (births/marriages/deaths): 1678-1922 (parish B)
* Lutheran church records (births/marriages/deaths): 1786-1895 (parish B)
# Shah Bodaghlu

Shah Bodaghlu (Persian: شاه بداغلو, also Romanized as Shāh Bodāghlū) is a village in Bastamlu Rural District, in the Central District of Khoda Afarin County, East Azerbaijan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 91, in 21 families.
# Bricindera

Bricindera or Brikindera (Ancient Greek: Βρικίνδηρα) was an ancient town on the island of Rhodes. It was a member of the Delian League since it is mentioned in the records of tributes to ancient Athens for 429/8 BCE, 421/0 BCE, when it paid a phoros of a talent, and 415/4 BCE. It is also mentioned in a mime of Herodas of the 3rd century BCE.
Its site is unlocated.
# Ali Bey el Abbassi

Domingo Francisco Jorge Badía y Leblich; 1767–1818), better known by his pseudonym Ali Bey el Abbassi (Arabic: علي باي العباسي, Alī Bay al-Abasī), was a Spanish explorer, soldier, and spy in the early 19th century. He supported the French occupation of Spain and worked for the Bonapartist administration, but he is principally known for his travels in North Africa and the Middle East. He witnessed the Saudi conquest of Mecca in 1807.

## Life

Badía was born in Barcelona on April 1, 1767. After receiving a liberal education, he devoted particular attention to the Arabic language, which he learned in Vera, Almería, where his father was a military accountant, and in London. He also made a special study of the manners and customs of Arabian lands.
Under the assumed name of Ali Bey el Abbassi, Badía spent the two years from 1803 to 1805 in Morocco, entertained by its king while pretending to be a descendant of the Abbasid caliphs. He then went to Mecca—then under the possession of the Wahabites—in order to perform the hajj. On his way, he stopped in Tripoli, Cyprus, and Egypt. By pretending to be a Muslim, he was able to enter places forbidden to others, such as Mecca and the Cave of Machpelah at Hebron. On his way back, he visited Jerusalem and Syria before reaching Constantinople in the autumn of 1807. There, he was for the first time suspected of not being a real Muslim and fled to French-occupied Spain.
Having returned home in 1807, he declared his support for King Joseph I. He was appointed intendant of Segovia and then Cordoba. On the abdication of King José following the French defeat at Vitoria in 1813, Badía fled to France. In 1814, he published a French account of his travels in three volumes. An English translation was published in 1816. There was much mystery about Ali Bey, since the account was written from his persona. Bankes, writing in 1830, roundly asserted that he was a Jew, and many later writers have thought that he was a genuine Muslim of Moroccan origin but of Spanish education.
He set out on a second journey in 1818 under the assumed name of Ali Othman. He was said to have been acting as a French agent and, when he suddenly died at Aleppo on August 30, it was credited by some to poisoning. He was denied an Islamic burial because a cross was found in his vest.

## Legacy

Carrer Alí Bei, a street in Barcelona and Tangier, are named after him. A statue of him in Tangier was removed lately after knowing his true history.
The 2023 film De sable et de feu (Sand and Fire) is based on his story. It includes a close relationship with the famous Lady Hester Stanhope: but there is no evidence their paths ever crossed.
# Rex Mirich

Rex L. Mirich (born March 11, 1941) is an American former professional football player who was a defensive tackle in the American Football League (AFL) and the National Football League (NFL). After playing college football for the Arizona State–Flagstaff Lumberjacks, Mirich was selected by both the AFL and the NFL in 1963. He was selected by the Minnesota Vikings in the 16th round (212th overall) of the 1963 NFL draft and by the Oakland Raiders in the 20th round (153rd overall) of the 1963 AFL Draft. He played seven seasons for the AFL's Oakland Raiders (1964–1966) and Denver Broncos (1967–1969), and the NFL's Boston Patriots (1970).
In 2012, he was inducted into the College Football Hall of Fame.
# Helmy Halim

Helmy Halim, also Hilmi Halim (Arabic: حلمي حليم; 1916 – 1971) was an Egyptian film director, screenwriter, and producer. He has worked with many stars like Omar Sharif, Salah Zulfikar, Ahmed Ramzy, Faten Hamama and Abdel Halim Hafez.
In 1955, he discovered Ahmed Ramzy and cast him as Ramzy in Ayyamna al-Holwa

## Partial filmography

* Ayyamna al-Holwa
* Ard al-Salam
* Hekayit Hob (A Love Story), released: January 12, 1959, starring: Abdel Halim Hafez, Mariam Fakhr Eddine
* Maww'ed fil Borg (Date at the Tower), released: December, 1962, starring: Salah Zulfikar, Soad Hosny.
* Maabodat El Gamahir (The Beloved Diva), released: January, 1967, starring: Abdel Halim Hafez, Shadia.
# Brian Binnie (curler)

Brian George Kinnear Binnie (born April 1968) is a Scottish male curler.
He is a two-time European curling champion and World men's bronze medallist

## Teams
### Men's

| Season | Skip | Third | Second | Lead | Alternate | Coach | Events |
| 1994–95 | Brian Binnie | Duncan Bertram | Gordon Craik | Fraser Hare | | | |
| 1995–96 | Hammy McMillan | Norman Brown | Mike Hay | Roger McIntyre | Brian Binnie | Hew Chalmers | ECC 1995 |
| 1996–97 | Hammy McMillan | Norman Brown | Mike Hay | Brian Binnie | Peter Loudon (ECC, WCC) | | ECC 1996 SMCC 1997 WCC 1997 |
| 2005–06 | Brian Binnie | Neil Hampton | Richard Goldie | Neil Wilson | | | SMCC 2006 (7th) |
| 2006–07 | Brian Binnie | Neil Hampton | Richard Goldie | David Mundell | | | |
| 2010–11 | Graham Shaw | Brian Binnie | David Hay | Robin Niven | | | SMCC 2011 (9th) |
| 2011–12 | David Hay | Brian Binnie | Graham Shaw | Robin Niven | | | |
| 2012–13 | Graham Shaw | Brian Binnie | Richard Goldie | Robin Niven | | | |
| 2013–14 | Graham Shaw | Brian Binnie | Graham Cormack | Robin Niven | | | |
| 2014–15 | Graham Shaw | Brian Binnie | Graham Cormack | Robin Niven | | | |
| 2015–16 | Graham Shaw | Brian Binnie | Graham Cormack | Robin Niven | | | |
| 2017–18 | Graham Shaw | Brian Binnie | Graham Cormack | Robin Niven | | | SMCC 2018 (10th) |

### Mixed

| Season | Skip | Third | Second | Lead | Events |
| 1996 | Brian Binnie | Claire Milne | Duncan Bertram | Alison Binnie | SMxCC 1996 |
| 1997 | Brian Binnie | Claire Milne | Warwick Smith | Alison Binnie | SMxCC 1997 |
| 2003 | Brian Binnie | Claire Milne | Ronald Brewster | Nancy Murdoch | SMxCC 2003 |

## Private life

Married to Alison Binnie and have 3 sons. They co-founded company Denfind Stone Ltd in 2004.
# Ronald Brewster

Ronald "Ron" Brewster (born 2 April 1976 in St Andrews, Fife, Scotland) is a Scottish curler and curling coach. He won the European curling championship in 2003.

## Teams
### Men's

| Season | Skip | Third | Second | Lead | Alternate | Coach | Events |
| 1994–95 | Tom Brewster | Paul Westwood | Ronald Brewster | Steve Still | David Murdoch (WJCC) | | SJCC 1995 WJCC 1995 |
| 1995–96 | James Dryburgh | Ross Barnet | Ronald Brewster | David Murdoch | Euan Byers (WJCC) | | SJCC 1996 WJCC 1996 |
| 1996–97 | Tom Brewster | Richard Goldie | Ronald Brewster | David Murdoch | | | |
| 2000–01 | Tom Brewster | Graeme Connal | Ronald Brewster | Mark Brass | | | |
| 2002–03 | Tom Brewster | Graeme Connal | Ronald Brewster | Colin Campbell | | | |
| 2003–04 | David Murdoch | Craig Wilson | Neil Murdoch | Euan Byers | Ronald Brewster | Tom Pendreigh | ECC 2003 |
| 2003–04 | Tom Brewster | Graeme Connal | Ronald Brewster | Colin Campbell | | | |
| 2004–05 | David Murdoch | Craig Wilson | Neil Murdoch | Euan Byers | Ronald Brewster | Tom Pendreigh | ECC 2004 (4th) |
| 2004–05 | Tom Brewster | Graeme Connal | Ronald Brewster | Colin Campbell | | | SMCC 2005 (6th) |
| 2005–06 | Tom Brewster | Graeme Connal | Ronald Brewster | Colin Campbell | | | SMCC 2006 (4th) |
| 2006–07 | Tom Brewster | Hammy McMillan | Ronald Brewster | Colin Campbell | | | SMCC 2007 |
| 2007–08 | Tom Brewster | Hammy McMillan | Ronald Brewster | Colin Campbell | | | |
| 2008–09 | Tom Brewster | Duncan Fernie | Ronald Brewster | Colin Campbell | | | SMCC 2009 |
| 2008–09 | Tom Brewster | Duncan Fernie | Ronald Brewster | David Edwards | | | |
| 2009–10 | Tom Brewster | Duncan Fernie | Ronald Brewster | David Edwards | | | |

### Mixed

| Season | Skip | Third | Second | Lead | Events |
| 2002–03 | Brian Binnie | Claire Milne | Ronald Brewster | Nancy Murdoch | SMxCC 2003 |

## Record as a coach of national teams

| Year | Tournament, event | National team | Place |
| 2005 | 2005 World Junior Curling Championships | Scotland (junior women) | 7 |
| 2011 | 2011 World Men's Curling Championship | Scotland (men) | |
| 2012 | 2012 World Men's Curling Championship | Scotland (men) | |

## Private life

Ronald is from curlers family: his older brother Tom Brewster is well-known curler, 2014 Winter Olympics silver medallist.
# Mãe Bonifácia State Park

The Mãe Bonifácia State Park (Portuguese: Parque Estadual Mãe Bonifácia) is a state park in the city of Cuiabá, Mato Grosso, Brazil. It is a city park with nature trails, jogging trails, a playground and picnic areas. The park is heavily used, and has some environmental problems.

## Location

The Mãe Bonifácia State Park is in the Duque de Caxias neighborhood of Cuiabá, the state capital of Mato Grosso. It has an area of 77.16 hectares (190.7 acres). The trees are mostly typical of the cerrado. There are some white-headed marmosets (Callithrix geoffroyi) and other small primates in the park.
The park is a popular place for residents of Cuiabá or tourists to relax with their children. There are paved and sand trails for exercise, with physical exercise equipment, a playground, a lookout that gives a 360$^o$ view of the city, and wildlife and flora trails. The longest trail is the Trilha das Bandeiras, at 3,480 metres (11,420 ft). The park can be visited free of charge from 5:30 am to 6:00 pm daily. It gets about 600 visitors per day, rising to 3,000 on weekends.

## History

The park contains a statue of Mãe Bonifácia, after whom it is named. She is said to have been a black healer who lived in Cuiabá near the park at the turn of the 19th century, and helped escape slaves to avoid the men hired to recapture them. At that time the park area was dense forest, and contained a quilombo, a settlement of former slaves. There are few if any written records of Mãe Bonifácia's life, so almost all that is known comes from oral tradition. Some historians question whether she existed.
The Mãe Bonifácia Park was created by decree 1.470 of 2000. It was inaugurated in December 2000 by state governor Dante Martins de Oliveira. It is administered by the Secretary of State for the Environment (SEMA). It was re-categorized as a state park by decree 722 of 2011. As a result it should be fully protected, with a natural area largely unchanged by human action, used for scientific, cultural, scenic, educational and recreational purposes, with only indirect use of its resources. A management plan was published in 2013, with an executive summary dated 22 November 2013, which makes recommendations for land use and ways to reduce environmental damage.

## Issues

As of 2011 the region around the park did not have a sewage collection system, apart from a few condominiums that have their own arrangements. Sewage is washed into the nearest streams including the Córrego Mãe Bonifácia, which runs through the park and causes an unpleasant odor. Other problems include trash, environmental damage due to the large numbers of visitors, destruction of the riparian forest and the presence of exotic species. Since the park is isolated, some native species may not be viable.
# Jamie Cunningham

Jamie Cunningham (born September 3, 1987) is an American soccer player who last played for the Puerto Rico Islanders in the North American Soccer League.

## Career
### College and amateur

Cunningham attended Pinnacle High School, before going on to play four years of college soccer at Fort Lewis College. After redshirting his rookie season in 2006, he played in 19 games in 2007, and went on to establishi himself as a key member of the Skyhawks defense. He was a Second team Daktronics All-American and a Daktronics All-Central Region first team selection as a junior in 2009, and was named to the RMAC All-Tournament Team in each of his years. Following his senior year in 2010 Cunningham won the Don Whalen Award as Fort Lewis's outstanding senior male athlete, was a Daktronics All-America honorable mention, was named to the NSCAA/Performance Subaru All-Central Region first team and the Daktronics All-Central Region first team. He finished his college career with 17 goals and 5 assists in 83 games.
During his college years Cunningham also played in the USL Premier Development League for the El Paso Patriots, Austin Aztex U23 and Victoria Highlanders.

### Professional

Cunningham turned professional in 2011 when he signed a contract to play for the Puerto Rico Islanders of the North American Soccer League. He made his professional debut on April 29, 2011, in a game against the Fort Lauderdale Strikers, and scored his first professional goal in a 2011 CFU Club Championship game against Surinamese club Walking Bout Company on May 7, 2011.
On December 27, 2011, Puerto Rico announced that Cunningham would return for the 2012 season.
# Castéra-Bouzet

Castéra-Bouzet (French pronunciation:; Occitan: Lo Casterar de Boset) is a commune in the Tarn-et-Garonne department in the Occitanie region in southern France.
# Buhriz

Buhriz (Arabic: بهرز) is an Iraqi town of about 35,400 located 25 miles (40 km) north of Baghdad and 6 miles (9.5 km) south of the major city of Baqubah.

## Background

The town of Buhriz is heavily agricultural, located on fertile land along the Diyala River and engaged in the cultivation of date palms, orange trees, and other crops.
The town has a beautiful old bazar that lies near the small river of Sariah (Khuraisan), it sells all kind of local fruit & vegetables. Close to the bazar are two of the oldest mosques in Diyala province, The Big Mosque and Abu Al Gaith Mosque. Not far from it are 3 very nice local tea bars. or as locals call it (Gahwa), where usually people sit and have a nice cup of tea and chit chat about their days, and also it's a place to gather and watch matches of football.
It maintains a rural character despite its proximity to Baqubah and Baghdad, with many residents living in traditional mud huts with some concrete-block houses. The town was known under the regime of Saddam Hussein as the home of many members of the Ba'ath Party, as well as being particularly conservative with traditional religious and tribal values predominate. Following the U.S.-led invasion of Iraq in 2003, Buhriz emerged as a flashpoint for guerrilla fighters opposed to the Coalition troops and their Iraqi allies. It became the scene of repeated battles between U.S. forces and rebels throughout the spring and summer of 2004, essentially falling under guerrilla control. Local leaders blame the detention of over 200 Buhriz residents as provoking further hostility.
Yet in a shocking change of events in April 2007 and after the town was taken by al-Qaeda, the locals of the town had an agreement with the U.S. force in the area; it simply stated that they're going to help Americans kill and capture all of those who are associated with Al-Qaeda, in exchange U.S. forces will help them return safely to their homes that were taken by Al-Qaeda; this was the beginning of a great change in the balance of forces that led eventually to the full control over Diyala province by U.S. and Iraqi forces.

## History

Buhriz may be the site of the medieval city of Bajisra. Its modern name is probably in honor of Mujahid ad-Din Buhriz, the engineer who in made the last serious effort to repair and re-open the nearby Nahrawan Canal in 1140.

## Notable people

* Noor Sabri, Iraqi football goalkeeper.
# Erik Nordström

Erik Nordström may refer to:
* Erik Nordström (organ builder)
* Erik Nordström (singer)
* Erik Nordstrom (businessman)
# Khvoabad

Khvoabad (Persian: خواباد, also Romanized as Khvoābād) is a village in Shirvan Rural District, in the Central District of Borujerd County, Lorestan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 34, in 9 families.
# Bonab, Hormozgan

Bonab (Persian: بناب, also Romanized as Bonāb and Benāb) is a village in Ashkara Rural District, Fareghan District, Hajjiabad County, Hormozgan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 214, in 52 families.
# Vanand, Syunik

Vanand (Armenian: Վանանդ) is an abandoned village in the Goris Municipality of Syunik Province, Armenia. It is listed as unpopulated at the 2011 census.
# Old Shire Hall, Cardigan

The Old Shire Hall (Welsh: Hen Neuadd y Sir Aberteifi) is a former judicial building in the High Street in Cardigan, Ceredigion, Wales. The structure, which is now used as a British Red Cross shop, is a Grade II* listed building.

## History

The building was commissioned as a courthouse for the county of Cardiganshire, to replace the inadequate judicial facilities in Cardigan Castle. The site the justices selected, on the west side of the High Street, had been occupied by the Church of the Holy Trinity.
The shire hall was designed in the neoclassical style, built in rubble masonry with an ashlar stone frontage and was completed in 1764. The design involved a narrow main frontage facing onto the High Street with long side elevations stretching back behind the main frontage. It featured a two-storey arch formed by two piers with imposts supporting a series of voussoirs and a raised keystone. Above the arch, there was a band which was surmounted by two rectangular attic windows in a recess. At roof level, there was a frieze, a cornice and a parapet, and there was originally also a small bell turret. Internally, there was a corn exchange on the ground floor and a courtroom on the first floor.
The courtroom was used twice year for the quarter sessions, which were also held once a year at Aberystwyth Town Hall and at the Lampeter Town Hall. The building was enlarged to create a room for the grand jury in 1829.
The courtroom ceased to be used for judicial purposes once Cardigan Guildhall was completed in 1860, and the use of the ground floor as a corn exchange declined significantly in the wake of the Great depression of British agriculture in the late 19th century. The building was therefore sold for commercial use: it served as a garage and motor repair shop, operated by S. T. Jones, from 1926 to 1947, and then served as a furniture shop operated by a firm of drapers, David Jones Watts. It was later used as a warehouse and then as a bookshop, known as Bookend. Since 2015, it has served as a charity shop for the British Red Cross.