OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Villedieu, Cantal

Villedieu (French pronunciation:; Occitan: Vialadieu) is a commune in the Cantal département in south-central France.
# Cheshmeh Ayyub

Cheshmeh Ayyub (Persian: چشمه ايوب, also Romanized as Cheshmeh Ayyūb and Cheshmeh-ye Ayyūb) is a village in Qalandarabad Rural District, Qalandarabad District, Fariman County, Razavi Khorasan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 54, in 15 families.
# North Palatinate

North Palatinate (German: Nordpfalz) is a region in southwest Germany with an area of just 650 km$^2$, making it the smallest landscape in the Palatinate region of the German state of Rhineland-Palatinate.

## Geography

As its name suggests, the North Palatinate forms the northern part of the Palatinate. Almost its entire area is also part of the North Palatine Uplands, dominated by the Donnersberg massif with a height of 686.5 m above sea level (NHN).
The other regions of the Palatinate are Anterior Palatinate, South Palatinate and West Palatinate.

## Towns

The North Palatinate is only sparsely populated. The three largest towns all have fewer than 10,000 inhabitants:
* Eisenberg
* Kirchheimbolanden
* Rockenhausen
# Fineilspitze

The Fineilspitze (Italian: Punta di Finale) is a peak in the Schnalskamm group of the Ötztal Alps on the border between Tyrol, Austria, and South Tyrol, Italy. It is known for being the discovery site of Ötzi.
# Rasoul Khadem

Rasoul Khadem Azghadi (Persian: رسول خادم ازغدی, born March 18, 1972) is a former Iranian wrestler who has won a bronze medal in the 1992 Summer Olympics and a gold medal in the 1996 Summer Olympics. He was also the 1994 and 1995 world champion and 1991, 1992, 1993, 1994, 1995 and 1996 Asian champion. He was trained by his father Mohammad Khadem, and he is also the younger brother of Olympic wrestling bronze medalists Amir Reza Khadem and Ebrahim Khadem.
He was the president of Islamic Republic of Iran Wrestling Federation from January 4, 2014, to November 3, 2018. He was also the technical director of Iran's wrestling national teams and the head coach of Iran's freestyle national team from January 2012 to 2018. In addition, he was elected as an executive board member of National Olympic Committee of Iran on January 20, 2014, and served until January 2018.

## Major achievements

* Junior World Championship – 1991 1989
* World Championships – 1994 1995 1998
* Olympic Games - 1996 1992
# Natri Lake

Natri Lake (Spanish: Lago Natri) is a lake in south-central Chiloé Island, Chile. It has an area of 7.8 km$^2$. The lake's catchment basin is mostly made up of hilly terrain that is covered by native forest, and to a lesser extent natural prairies.
Chile Route 5 passes next to the lake's eastern end.
# Aghushkdal

Aghushkdal (Persian: اغوشك دل, also Romanized as Āghūshkdal; also known as Āgoshg and Āgoshk) is a village in Kangan Rural District, in the Central District of Jask County, Hormozgan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 245, in 39 families.
# Deesbach Forebay

The Deesbach Forebay (German: Vorsperre Deesbach) is a dam in the German state of Thuringia in the Thuringian Highland. It impounds the river Lichte and lies between the municipalities Lichte (Geiersthal) and Unterweissbach. That particular forebay belongs to the Leibis-Lichte Dam (de: Talsperre Leibis-Lichte).
The name, Deesbach Forebay, was derived d from the close proximity to the municipality Deesbach.
# Badamestan-e Farvivand

Badamestan-e Farvivand (Persian: بادامستان فرويوند, also Romanized as Bādāmestān-e Farvīvand; also known as Bādāmestān-e Fardīvand) is a village in Qilab Rural District, Alvar-e Garmsiri District, Andimeshk County, Khuzestan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 46, in 9 families.
# Dmytrenko

Dmytrenko (Ukrainian: Дмитренко), sometimes transliterated Dmitrenko, is a Ukrainian surname, derived from the given name Dmitry. It may refer to:

## People
### Dmytrenko

* Dmytro Dmytrenko (born 1973), Ukrainian figure skater
* Mychajlo Dmytrenko (1908–1996), Ukrainian-American painter
* Hryhoriy Dmytrenko (born 1945), Ukrainian rower
* Khrystyna Dmytrenko (born 1999), Ukrainian biathlete
* Oksana Dmytrenko Platero (born 1988) Ukrainian dancer
* Ruslan Dmytrenko (born 1986), Ukrainian racewalker
* Vladyslav Dmytrenko (born 2000), Ukrainian footballer
* Volodymyr Dmytrenko (born 1995), Ukrainian footballer

### Dmitrenko

* Ekaterina Dmitrenko (born 1990), Russian footballer
* Oleg Dmitrenko (born 1984), Russian footballer
* Viktor Dmitrenko (born 1991), Kazakhstani footballer
# Arakelyan

Arakelyan (Armenian: Առաքելյան), also transliterated as Arakelian, is an Armenian surname. Notable people with the surname include:

## Arakelyan

* Ararat Arakelyan (Armenian: Արարատ Առաքելյան) (born 1984), Armenian footballer
* Babken Arakelyan (Armenian: Բաբկեն Առաքելյան) (1912–2004), Armenian historian
* Eduard Arakelyan (Armenian: Էդուարդ Առաքելյան) (born 1950), Armenian painter

## Arakelian

* Artashes Arakelian (Armenian: Արտաշես Առաքելյան) (1909–1993), Armenian economist
* Hambardzum Arakelian (Armenian: Համբարձում Առաքելյան) (1865–1918), Armenian journalist, writer and activist
* Marat Arakelian (Armenian: Մարատ Արսեն Առաքելյան) (1929-1983), Armenian astrophysicist
# Rajhrad Abbey

Rajhrad Abbey (Czech: Rajhradské opatství; German: Abtei Raigern) is a Benedictine abbey in Rajhrad in the South Moravian Region, Czech Republic. It was founded by Duke Bretislav I in 1045. It was the first Benedictine male monastery in the country and first historically mentioned monastery in Moravia.

## Location

The abbey is located in Rajhrad in the South Moravian Region, about 10 kilometres (6 mi) south of Brno. It lies in the Dyje–Svratka Valley and is situated on the left bank of the Svratka River. The town of Rajhrad grew around the monastery.
The Museum of Literature in Moravia with a rich and valuable library is located in the monastery buildings.

## History

The monastery was founded in 1045 by Moravian and later Bohemian Duke Bretislav I. Originally was established filial monastery of Břevnov Abbey in Prague, in fact as a chapter type of community. The monastery was founded in the place of an ancient settlement and in the neighborhood of the Great Moravian gord. In these contexts, the possibility of an older monastic (monk) tradition from the time of Great Moravia, i.e. almost 200 years older, is occasionally discussed. But clear evidence has not yet been found.
The first Romanesque buildings were built with some delay from the beginning. The monastery owned several villages and other properties. It was looted several times in the Middle Ages and was restored again. In the 18th century, during the powerful renewal of the Catholic confession, the monastery was in good condition and was generously rebuilt in the Baroque style. In particular, the convent church, designed by architect Jan Santini Aichel, is an excellent example of European Baroque architecture.
The foundation stone of today's monastery church of St. Peter and Paul was laid on 4 July 1722. Construction took 17 years. The temple was re-consecrated on 7 June 1739 by the Prince-Bishop Jakob Ernst von Liechtenstein-Kastelkorn.

## Architecture

The nave is elongated, as it responds to the older medieval layout. It has a traditional orientation (west-east) and is divided into three semi-autonomous halls, spatially and optically continuous. each of the halls has its own vault system and geometry. Vaults and walls are covered with Baroque frescoes by the painter Johann Georg Etgens of Brno.

## Gallery

* View from the south
* Western wing
* Front view of the church
* Exhibition showing history of the monastery
* Library
* Cloister
* Museum of Literature in Moravia
* Monastery inn
# Companies Act 1862

The Companies Act 1862 (25 & 26 Vict. c. 89) was an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom regulating UK company law, whose descendant is the Companies Act 2006.

## Provisions

* s 6 'Any seven or more persons associated for any lawful purpose may, by subscribing their names to a memorandum of association, and otherwise complying with the requisitions of this Act in respect of registration, form an incorporated company, with or without limited liability.'
* s 8 'Where a company is formed on the principle of having the liability of its members limited to the amount unpaid on their shares, hereinafter referred to as a company limited by shares, the Memorandum of Association shall contain the following things' the third of which was 'objects for which the proposed company is to be established.'
* s 11 'The memorandum of association... shall, when registered, bind the company and the members thereof to the same extent as if each member had subscribed his name and affixed his seal thereto, and there were in the memorandum contained, on the part of himself, his heirs, executors and administrators, a covenant to observe all the conditions of such memorandum, subject to the provisions of this Act.'
* s 12 stating the memorandum could be altered by special resolution, if the memorandum allowed that itself.
* s 18 dealt with the effect of incorporation.
* s 48
* s 153
Under section 167 of the Companies Act 1862 one of the functions of a liquidator was to bring criminal proceedings against directors and others who were alleged to have committed offences in relation to the company.

## Cases decided under the 1862 act

* In re Wiltshire Iron Co (1868) LR 3 Ch App 443
* Guinness v Land Corporation of Ireland (1882) 22 Ch 349
* Salomon v A Salomon & Co Ltd [1897] AC 22
* Ashbury Railway Carriage & Iron Co Ltd v Riche (1875) LR 7 HL 653

## In popular culture

In the song "Some seven men form an association" in Gilbert and Sullivan's Utopia, Limited, King Paramount reforms the island of Utopia into a limited-liability company under the provisions of the Companies Act. However, in the operetta, it is instead referred to as "the Joint Stock Companies Act of sixty-two," perhaps also alluding to the Joint Stock Companies Act 1844 which was referenced in their previous opera, The Gondoliers.
# Częstochowa Cathedral

The Cathedral Basilica of the Holy Family (Polish: Bazylika Archikatedralna Sanktuarium Świętej Rodziny ) also called Częstochowa Cathedral is a religious building that is affiliated with the Catholic Church and was built in the neo-Gothic style, it is a three-nave church following the Roman or Latin rite and is located on the street Krakowska in the city of Częstochowa in Poland.
It is one of the largest of its kind in Europe, built on an old cemetery in the years 1825-1898. It was built between 1901 and 1927 and designed by Konstanty Wojciechowski. The temple in 1925 became the cathedral of the diocese of Częstochowa, and since 1992 is the metropolitan church of the ecclesiastical province of Czestochowa. The facade of the basilica is north; opposite the John Paul II Square (formerly Cathedral Square). In the Chapel of Our Lady of Czestochowa there is a crypt of the local bishops.
# Chobotarivka

Chobotarivka (Ukrainian: Чоботарі́вка) is a village in Ukraine, Odesa Raion of Odesa Oblast. It belongs to Usatove rural hromada, one of the hromadas of Ukraine. The population is 243.
It uses the local timezone which is named Europe/Kyiv with an UTC offset of 2 hours. The closest airport in Chobotarivka is the Odesa International Airport in a distance of 17 mi (or 28 km), South.
Until 18 July 2020, Chobotarivka belonged to Biliaivka Raion. The raion was abolished in July 2020 as part of the administrative reform of Ukraine, which reduced the number of raions of Odesa Oblast to seven. The area of Biliaivka Raion was merged into Odesa Raion.

## List of places near Chobotarivka

This show places near Chobotarivka within a 200 km range.
Places near Chobotarivka :
| Place | Distance |
| Odesa (stone) meteorite | 24.0 km (14.9 miles) |
| Grossliebenthal meteorite | 35.0 km (21.7 miles) |
| Krymka meteorite | 130.9 km (81.3 miles) |
| Gornoe Quarry | 149.1 km (92.6 miles) |
| Kvitka prospect | 153.2 km (95.2 miles) |
| Orhei Quarries | 153.2 km (95.2 miles) |
| Kapustyanka prospect | 154.6 km (96.1 miles) |
| Mighei meteorite | 158.9 km (98.7 miles) |
| Polyanetske prospect | 160.1 km (99.5 miles) |
| Maiskoe gold deposit | 166.8 km (103.6 miles) |
| Savran prospect | 167.6 km (104.1 miles) |
| Chemerpil' area | 168.5 km (104.7 miles) |
| Zavalie graphite deposit | 176.4 km (109.6 miles ) |
| Danube Delta | 121 mi (or 194 km) |
# Serra do Itajaí National Park

Serra do Itajaí National Park or Itajaí Mountains National Park (Portuguese: Parque Nacional da Serra do Itajaí) is a national park in the state of Santa Catarina, Brazil.

## Location

The park is in the Atlantic Forest biome. It has an area of 57,375 hectares (141,780 acres). It was created by decree of 4 June 2004, modified by decree of 20 February 2006, and is administered by the Chico Mendes Institute for Biodiversity Conservation. It covers parts of the municipalities of Ascurra, Apiúna, Blumenau, Botuverá, Gaspar, Guabiruba, Indaial, Presidente Nereu and Vidal Ramos in the state of Santa Catarina.

## Conservation

The park is classified as IUCN protected area category II (national park). It has the objectives of preserving natural ecosystems of great ecological relevance and scenic beauty, enabling scientific research, environmental education, outdoors recreation and eco-tourism. Protected species in the park include cougar (Puma concolor), margay (Leopardus wiedii), vinaceous-breasted amazon (Amazona vinacea), white-necked hawk (Buteogallus lacernulatus), white-bearded antshrike (Biatas nigropectus) and Phylloscartes.
* View from Morro Santo Antônio
* Stream on Morro do Spitzkopf
* Beach at the mouth of the Itajaí-Açu
# Bidarashan

Bidarashan (Persian: بيدرشان, also Romanized as Bīdarashān; also known as Berashān) is a village in Gol-e Cheydar Rural District, Sarshiv District, Marivan County, Kurdistan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 135, in 30 families. The village is populated by Kurds.
# Stilbosis cyclocosma

Stilbosis cyclocosma is a moth in the family Cosmopterigidae. It was described by Edward Meyrick in 1921. It is found in Mozambique.
This species has a wingspan of 15–17 mm. Its forewings are dark-purplish fuscous with a circular whitish subbasal area containing a large grey raised costal spot.
# Nikola Kesarovski

Nikola Kesarovski (Bulgarian:Никола Кесаровски) (c. 11 November 1944 – 29 August 2007) was a Bulgarian science-fiction writer.
His most famous book is The Fifth Law of Robotics, published in 1983, the title being a reference to Isaac Asimov's Three Laws of Robotics and the fifth law being that a robot must know that it is a robot.
The science- fiction fan club "Fantastica" was founded in 1997 in the town of Kardzhali, in the south of Bulgaria by him. The club has a page in Nov Jivot (New Life) - the official newspaper of Kardzhali - and up to late 2003, it had published over 60 issues. He also edited the magazine Kosmos.
He was also organizer and kind host of the annual Bulgarian science-fiction festival "The 2002 Bulgacon", which took place in Kardzhali. The festival was attended by over 900 participants.
Kesarovski committed suicide in 2007 by jumping from a seventh-storey window of a hospital in Kardzhali.
# Eighth All-Ukrainian Congress of Soviets

Eighth All-Ukrainian Congress of Soviets (Ukrainian: Всеукраїнський з'їзд Рад) was a congress of Soviets (councils) of workers, peasants, Red-army-men deputies that took place in Kharkiv on January 17 - 20, 1924.

## Composition

No data

## Agenda

* Report of government of the Soviet Ukraine
* Report about the Constitution of the Soviet Union (People's Commissar of Justice and General Prosecutor Mykola Skrypnyk)
* About budged of the UkrSSR
* About situation of industry in Ukraine
* About land use
* About Red Army
* Elections to the All-Ukrainian Central Executive Committee

## Decisions

* (Report of government) the Congress unanimously approved the government and its activities and outlined ways of further development of national economy, culture, and education as well as increasing of the well being of working people. The Congress instructed the government of the UkrSSR to review issue of construction of hydroelectric station on Dnieper (later known as DniproHES).
* (Report about Constitution) the Congress ratified the treaty approved by the First All-Union Congress of Soviets about creation of the Soviet Union and the Constitution accepted by the second session of the All-Union Central Executive Committee and instructed the All-Ukrainian Central Executive Committee review the Constitution of the UkrSSR in accordance with the treaty about creation of the Soviet Union and submit it for approval at the Ninth All-Ukrainian Congress of Soviets.
* strengthening of state budget
* further development of industry and agriculture
* streamlining land use regulations
* underlined necessity in further strengthening of the Red Army and Fleet
* other
# Operation: Nation

Operation: Nation (Polish: Kryptonim: Polska) is a 2022 Polish comedy drama film directed by Piotr Kumik. It was released theatrically in Poland on 2 September 2022 before being released internationally on Netflix in 2023.

## Premise

Staszek Sułkowski is a member of the Radical Youth Association, an inept far-right Neo-Nazi group in Białystok. Although he doesn't necessarily believe in the group's values, being a member gives him a sense of purpose and belonging. He meets Pola Ratajczyk, a left-wing activist, and they soon begin a forbidden-love affair.

## Cast

* Maciej Musiałowski [pl] as Staszek Sułkowski
* Magdalena Maścianica as Pola Ratajczyk
* Borys Szyc as Roman
* Antoni Królikowski [pl] as Kajetan
* Cezary Pazura as Chief
* Piotr Cyrwus [pl] as Priest
* Karol Kadłubiec as Mieszko
* Mateusz Król [pl] as Brajan
* Karol Bernacki as Mariusz
* Aleksandra Justa [pl] as Staszek's mother
* Adam Cywka [pl] as Staszek's father

## Production

The film was shot in Białystok and Saviour Square in Warsaw.

## Reception

The film was panned by critics. John Serba of Decider called the film "muddled" and noted that "its satire falls flat." Barbara Shulgasser-Parker of Common Sense Media wrote, "The movie is as simplistic and moronic as its subjects who blame Jews, Blacks, gays, Muslims, and foreigners for all their woes... It's their utter unawareness of that stupidity that makes this such a tough slog. Cocaine- and alcohol-fueled antics fall flat, resulting in a supremely unfunny version of The Hangover."
# Alfarqadain TV

Alfarqadain TV (Arabic: قناة الفرقدين الفضائية) is an Iraqi satellite television channel based in Baghdad, Iraq. The channel was launched in 2012.
# Exchange Arcade, Lincoln

The Exchange Arcade is a shopping mall on Cornhill in Lincoln, Lincolnshire, England. The structure, which was commissioned as a corn exchange, is a Grade II listed building.

## History

Originally, the local corn merchants conducted their business in the open air on Cornhill. In the mid-1840s, after finding this arrangement inadequate, a group of local businessmen decided to form a private company, known as the "Lincoln Corn Exchange and Market Company", to finance and commission a corn exchange for the town. The site they selected was undeveloped land to the east of the High Street.
The foundation stone for the new building was laid on 1 September 1847. It was designed by William Adams Nicholson in the neoclassical style, built in ashlar stone by Kirk and Parry of Sleaford at a cost of £15,000 and was officially opened on 31 March 1848. Prince Albert was an early visitor to the new building in April 1849.
The design involved a symmetrical main frontage of five bays facing onto Cornhill. The ground floor was rusticated and the central section of three bays, which was projected forward, formed a podium containing three round headed openings supporting a tetrastyle portico with Corinthian order columns, with a large entablature and pediment above. The outer bays were fenestrated on the first floor by sash windows with cornices supported by consoles and flanked by Corinthian order pilasters.
In the 1870s, civic officials decided to commission a new corn exchange, later known as the Market Hall, which was erected on the corner of Cornhill and Sincil Street and opened in December 1879. Meanwhile, the old corn exchange was significantly extended to the east with a bullnose shaped extension designed by Bellamy and Hardy and converted into a shopping arcade known as the Exchange Arcade which opened in 1880.
The building has been occupied by a large number of tenants since it became a shopping arcade. In the 1976, the basement area, which had originally been used as a grain store, was converted into a public house operated by Ruddles Brewery known as the Cornhill Vaults. At the east end the anchor store was occupied by the bookshop, Waterstones, from 2005 to 2021, when the unit was taken over by Superdry. Meanwhile, at the west end the main tenant has been Santander Bank since 2010.
# Aghnjadzor

39°54′08″N 45°14′51″E﻿ / ﻿39.90222°N 45.24750°E﻿ / 39.90222; 45.24750
Aghnjadzor (Armenian: Աղնջաձոր; Azerbaijani: Ağkənd) is a village in the Yeghegis Municipality of the Vayots Dzor Province in Armenia. The village had a mixed population of Azerbaijanis and Armenians before the exodus of Azerbaijanis from Armenia after the outbreak of the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict.

## Cultural heritage

One kilometer north is the site of the notable Lernantsk Caravanserai, appearing east of the road like a half-buried Quonset hut. It was built at approximately the same period as Orbelian's Caravanserai, which is also located near the village, but Lernantsk Caravanserai is smaller in size and more crudely built. Four kilometres north are the ruins of Kapuyt Berd ("Blue Fortress").

## Gallery

* Orbelian's Caravanserai
* Scenery
* Inside Orbelian's Caravanserai
* Scenery
# Vertical exaggeration

Vertical exaggeration (VE) is a scale that is used in raised-relief maps, plans and technical drawings (cross section perspectives), in order to emphasize vertical features, which might be too small to identify relative to the horizontal scale.

## Scaling Factor

The vertical exaggeration is given by:
    ${\mathit {VE}}={\mathit {\frac {VS}{HS}}}$
where VS is the vertical scale and HS is the horizontal scale, both given as representative fractions.
For example, if 1 centimetre (0.39 in) vertically represents 200 metres (660 ft) and 1 centimetre (0.39 in) horizontally represents 4,000 metres (13,000 ft), the vertical exaggeration, 20×, is given by:
    ${\mathit {VE}}={\frac {\frac {1}{200}}{\frac {1}{4000}}}={\frac {4000}{200}}=20$.
Vertical exaggeration is given as a number; for example 5× means vertical measurements appear 5 times greater than horizontal measurements. A value of 1× indicates that horizontal and vertical scales are identical, and is regarded as having "no vertical exaggeration." Vertical exaggerations less than 1 are not common, but would indicate a reduction in vertical scale (or, equivalently, a horizontal exaggeration).

## Criticism

Some scientists object to vertical exaggeration as a tool that makes an oblique visualization dramatic at the cost of misleading the viewer about the true appearance of the landscape.
In some cases, if the vertical exaggeration is too high, the map reader may get confused.
# Perotrochus caledonicus

Perotrochus caledonicus is a species of large sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Pleurotomariidae, the slit snails.

## Description

The length of the shell varies between 30 mm and 55 mm.
The type material that Perotrochus caledonicus is made of from southern New Caledonia typically has a smooth shell, but a more pustulose variation was later found and initially considered just a form of the same species. Collectors and dealers continue to distinguish between the "smooth" and "pustulose" forms, with some suggesting the latter might even qualify as a separate species.

## Distribution

This marine species occurs off New Caledonia.
# Jeronne Maymon

Jeronne Martel Maymon (born March 6, 1991) is a former American professional basketball player who played for the Hapoel Tel Aviv B.C. of the Israeli Basketball Premier League. Jeronne retired on September 18, 2015, after undergoing his third knee surgery in a calendar year and his fifth since 2013.