# Gerardo de León

Gerardo de León (September 12, 1913 – July 25, 1981) was a Filipino film director and actor. He was posthumously conferred as a National Artist of the Philippines for Film in 1982.

## Biography

De León, who was born Gerardo Ilagan, was a member of the Ilagan clan of Philippine motion pictures, which includes Robert Arevalo, Conrado Conde, Angel Esmeralda, Eddie Ilagan, musical scorer Tito Arévalo, and his daughter Liberty Ilagan. De León was a medical doctor by profession, but his ultimate love for film won him over. He made his acting debut in the 1934 film Ang Dangal. He acted in eight other films before becoming a director. The first film he directed was Bahay-Kubo (1939), starring Fely Vallejo, an actress whom he later married.
De Leon produced a number of anti-American propaganda films during World War II, in collaboration with the occupying Japanese forces and Japanese director Yutaka Abe, who personally chose De Leon for the projects. De Leon was arrested and charged with treason after the Japanese were defeated, and was almost executed by the Filipino government. But at the last minute, he was pardoned when evidence came to light that all during the war, he had secretly assisted the Filipino resistance as well.
Nicknamed "Manong", de León is the most awarded film director in the history of the Filipino Academy of Movie Arts and Sciences' FAMAS Awards. From 1952 to 1971, he was awarded seven FAMAS Awards, three of them received consecutively. His 1961 film The Moises Padilla Story was selected as the Philippine entry for the Best Foreign Language Film at the 32nd Academy Awards, but was not accepted as a nominee.
All of the films for which he won Best Director also won Best Picture at the FAMAS, namely Sawa sa Lumang Simboryo (1952), Hanggang sa Dulo ng Daigdig (1958), Huwag Mo Akong Limutin (1960), Noli Me Tangere (1961, adapted from the novel of the same title), El Filibusterismo (1962), Daigdig ng Mga Api (1965), and Lilet (1971). One of his unfinished projects was Juan de la Cruz (1972) with Fernando Poe Jr.
He is known to fans of cult horror films for the handful of 1960s horror movies he directed, some co-directed with his friend Eddie Romero and co-financed with American money. These films included Terror Is a Man (1959), The Blood Drinkers/ Blood Is the Color of Night (1964), Curse of the Vampires/ Whisper to the Wind (1966), Brides of Blood (1968), and Mad Doctor of Blood Island (1969). Roger Corman hired him in 1971 to direct his gritty Women in Prison film Women in Cages (1971), featuring Pam Grier as a sadistic prison warden and Philippines sex symbol Sofia Moran. De Leon died on July 25, 1981, at age 67.

## Personal life

He was married to Fely Vallejo (1918–2013). She outlived him by 32 years, dying at age 95 in 2013. Vallejo was a pre-war era actress who played a starring role in his directorial debut movie Bahay-Kubo (1939). Together they have 2 children, Liberty Ilagan (July 6, 1943–2020) and Maria Fe "Baby" (born 1949), the widow of actor Ronaldo Valdez. Liberty was also an actress (but has since left showbiz) and was married to former actor/famous restaurateur, Rod Ongpauco (screen-named Rod Evans) (born 1945), who is also a paternal uncle of actress Heart Evangelista, with whom she has 3 children. Whilst her sister, Marife Ilagan was married to actor Ronaldo Valdez (1947–2023) with whom they had two children, Janno Gibbs and Melissa, who are also both actors in their own right.

## Filmography
### Film (as Director)

| Year | Title | Notes | Production company | Ref(s): |
| 1938 | Bahay Kubo | | Parlatone Hispano Filipino | |
| 1938 | Mga Sugar ng Puso | | Parlatone Hispano Filipino | |
| 1938 | Makiling | | Parlatone Hispano Filipino | |
| 1940 | Estrellita | | | |
| 1941 | Ang Maestra | | | |
| 1943 | Dawn of Freedom | | | |
| 1947 | Mameng, Iniibig Kita | | | |
| 1950 | 48 Oras | | | |
| 1951 | Sisa | | | |
| 1951 | Diego Silang | | | |
| 1952 | Bagong Umaga | | | |
| 1952 | Sawa sa Lumang Simboryo | | | |
| 1953 | Dyesebel | | | |
| 1954 | Pedro Penduko | | | |
| 1954 | Ifuago | | | |
| 1955 | Sanda Wong | | | |
| 1956 | Saigon | | | |
| 1957 | Bakya Mo Neneng | | | |
| 1957 | Kamay ni Cain | | | |
| 1957 | Bicol Express | | | |
| 1958 | Hanggang sa Dulo ng Daigdig | | | |
| 1959 | Terror Is a Man | a.k.a. Blood Creature | | |
| 1960 | Viuda de Oro | | | |
| 1960 | Huwag Mo Akong Limutin | Also writer | | |
| 1961 | The Moises Padilla Story | | | |
| 1961 | Noli Me Tángere | | | |
| 1961 | Apollo Robles | | | |
| 1962 | El filibusterismo | Also writer | | |
| 1962 | Ako ang Katarungan | | | |
| 1964 | Anak ni Dyesebel | | | |
| 1964 | The Walls of Hell | a.k.a. Intramuros | | |
| 1964 | The Blood Drinkers | Original title: Kulay Dugo ang Gabi a.k.a. Blood Is the Color of Night, The Vampire People. | | [12] [13] |
| 1965 | Magandang Bituin | | | |
| 1965 | Ang Daigdig ng Mga Api | Possibly a lost film | | |
| 1965 | Tagumpay ng Mahirap | Segment "The President" | | |
| 1966 | Curse of the Vampires | Original title: Ibulong Mo sa Hangin | | |
| 1966 | The Brides of Blood Island | co-director with Eddie Romero | | |
| 1967 | The Gold Bikini | | | |
| 1969 | Brownout | | | |
| 1969 | The Mad Doctor of Blood Island | a.k.a. Tomb of the Living Dead co-director with Eddie Romero | | |
| 1971 | Playpen | | | |
| 1971 | Women in Cages | | | |
| 1972 | Lilet | | | |
| 1975 | Fe, Esperanza, Caridad (translation: Faith, Hope and Charity) | | | |
| 1975 | Banaue: Stairway to the Sky | | | |
| 1976 | Juan dela Cruz (unfinished) | | | |