OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Nehardea Academy

Nehardea Academy (Hebrew: ישיבת נהרדעא), previously also known as The House of Learning (Jewish Babylonian Aramaic: בי מדרשא, romanized: Bē Miḏraš) or The Boundary (Jewish Babylonian Aramaic: תחומא, romanized: Tḥūmā) was one of the major Talmudic academies in Babylonia (Mesopotamia), active intermittently from the early Amoraic period until the end of the Geonic period. It was established by the amora Samuel of Nehardea, one of the great sages of Babylon.

## History

Samuel founded the academy at Nehardea, which in time attracted thousands of students. Along with Sura Academy founded by Abba Arikha, it opened a new era in which Babylon became the center of Judaism. After Rav's death, many students from Sura moved to Nehardea.
Despite the fact that Rav Kahana III's Pum-Nahara Academy was subordinated to Sura Academy, from the time Rav died the heads of the Nehardea Academy came to visit Rav Kahana in Pum-Nahara with the intention of strengthening the ties between the two academies. This reinforcement of ties is attested by the fact that Kahana III gave his funeral oration to Rav Zevid of Nehardea at Pum-Nahara, a funeral oration, most probably in conjunction with the fact that Rav Kahana III was a disciple of Rav Zevid of Nehardea. R. Nahman of Nehardea visited Rav Kahana III in Pum-Nahara on the eve of Yom Kippur; it is possible he came in order to participate with them in the prayers of the holy day.
The academy had a special custom to show respect for the sages of The Land of Israel: When a guest came from the Land of Israel, he taught in the presence of the dean and all students. After the class ended, a long and lively debate was conducted in which the students would inundate the guest with academic questions.
Among the scholars who attended the Nehardea Academy, there were known Amoraim sages cited in the Talmud, such as R. Shimi of Nehardea, R. Dimi of Nehardea, Rav Zevid of Nehardea, and Amemar. In many Talmud citations, there is a mention of Nehardea's academy methods, however Amemar states that despite the fact that he is a Nehardean, he thinks otherwise. It is unclear whether he meant that Nehardea's academy thinks otherwise and not as what is known to be the methods, or was he an independent in his thinking.
After the death of Samuel, the academy split. The academy itself, headed by Rav Huna, a disciple of Samuel, moved to Sura, while another student of Rav and Shmuel, Judah ben Ezekiel, founded the Pumbedita Academy. However, Judah ben Ezekiel and his followers regarded Rav Huna as Gedol haDor, until upon his death in 297 (Hebrew calendar: ד"א נ"ח or ד'נ"ח ).
In some cases, where there is disagreement among scholars, the Nehardea academy practiced Rabbah bar Rav Huna'S view, and it may have to do with the fact that his son was the head of the academy and one of its leaders.
# Jake Lemmerman

Jacob Samuel Lemmerman (born May 4, 1989) is an American former minor league baseball shortstop.
Lemmerman was drafted by the Los Angeles Dodgers in the 5th round of the 2010 MLB Draft out of Duke University. In his debut season that year playing for the Ogden Raptors, he was named the Pioneer Baseball League Most Valuable Player, and a Post-Season All Star. In 2011, playing for the Class-A Rancho Cucamonga Quakes, he was named a Mid-Season California League All-Star.
Lemmerman was the starting shortstop for Team Israel in the World Baseball Classic qualifying tournament in September 2012. In December 2012, he was traded to the St. Louis Cardinals for Skip Schumaker. One year later, he was selected by the San Diego Padres in the minor league portion of the Rule 5 Draft.

## Early life

Lemmerman was a Corona del Mar High School star baseball player, and was inducted into the CdM Baseball Hall of Fame in February 2015.

## Career

Lemmerman was drafted by the Los Angeles Dodgers in the 5th round of the 2010 MLB Draft out of Duke University. While at Duke, he had played collegiate summer baseball with the Wareham Gatemen of the Cape Cod Baseball League in 2008 and 2009.
In the Dodgers organization, he led the Pioneer Baseball League in runs (69) and doubles (24) while batting .363 (second in the league)/.434 (third in the league)/.610 (third in the league) with 12 home runs and 47 RBIs in his debut season for the Ogden Raptors in 2010. Lemmerman was voted Player of the Week in the Pioneer League on July 26, 2010, and was named the league's Most Valuable Player and a Post-Season All Star. He was also named an MILB.com Dodgers organization All-Star, and a Topps Short-Season/Rookie All-Star. Baseball America ranked him the Pioneer League # 6 prospect in 2010.
Lemmerman then hit .293 in 103 games for the Class-A Rancho Cucamonga Quakes in 2011, and was voted a Mid-Season California League All-Star. He received a late-season promotion to the AA Chattanooga Lookouts.
He played 116 games with the Lookouts in 2012, but hit only .233.
On December 12, 2012, he was traded to the St. Louis Cardinals in exchange for Skip Schumaker. Derrick Goold of the St. Louis Post-Dispatch assessed him as a "heady" shortstop prospect. One year later, Lemmerman was selected by the San Diego Padres in the minor league portion of the Rule 5 Draft in December 2013. He played in one major league spring training game for the Padres in 2015. He was released by the Padres organization at the start of the 2015 season.

## Team Israel

Lemmerman played as the starting shortstop for Team Israel in the World Baseball Classic qualifying tournament in September 2012. Lemmerman used documentation from his bar mitzvah and confirmation to prove his eligibility for the team. During the opening game of the tournament, while batting ninth, Lemmerman went 0 for 4, leaving 4 men on base. During the second game Lemmerman batted seventh, going 1 for 4 with a strikeout. During the third and final game, Lemmerman batted ninth and went 0 for 2 while being hit by a pitch 3 times and scoring a run.
# Chali Sur

Chali Sur (Persian: چالي سور, also Romanized as Chālī Sūr; also known as Chālīswar) is a village in Sarshiv Rural District, Sarshiv District, Marivan County, Kurdistan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 196, in 43 families. The village is populated by Kurds.
# Spitting Image (disambiguation)

Spitting Image is a 1984–1996 British satirical television puppet show.
Spitting Image or The Spitting Image may also refer to:
* Spitting Image (2020 TV series), a revival of the original series
* Spitting Image (video game), a 1989 fighting game featuring the puppet show
* Spitting Image (album), by the Strypes, 2017
* The Spitting Image, a 1998 book by Jerry Lembcke
* Spitting Image, a 1968 stage play by Colin Spencer
* "Spitting Image", an episode of Mona the Vampire
* "Spitting Image" (瓜二つ, "Urifutatsu"), a chapter of Japanese serialized manga One Piece
* "Spitting Image" (German: Ebenbild), a song by Megaherz off the 2008 album Heuchler
* a doppelganger, a spitting image
# Vydrica (river)

Vydrica (Hungarian: Vödric, German: Weidritz) is a small 17 km long river in south-western Slovakia, which originates in the Little Carpathians mountains at about 450 m AMSL and flows into the Danube through the capital Bratislava.
The river passes through the Bratislava Forest Park and enters the Danube in Karlova Ves borough. Some localities along the river are part of Natura 2000. It is one of few rivers in Slovakia to flow directly into the Danube.

## Geography

Vydrica originates underneath the Biely kríž col underneath the Malý Javorník peak, in an area called Dubové. It flows south-west through the Bratislava Forest Park, collecting an unknown tributary and feeding two man-made water basins. It turns towards west creating four meanders in 2 kilometers of its length and close to the quarry underneath the Hrubý vrch mountain (394,0 AMSL) it turns again towards south. Vydrica then flows around the Hrubý Drieňovec mountain (396,7 ASML) and it collects its right tributary Bystrička as it enters the area of the upper Mlynská dolina and flows through Partizánska lúka (Partisan meadow) and the neighboring Železná studienka (Iron well), where it feeds four fish ponds. This area served for leisure and relaxation since the 19th century.
Vydrica then flows mainly southward through Patrónka, lower Mlynská dolina until it enters the Danube near the Lafranconi bridge and the Botanical Garden of the Comenius University. During the bridge's construction, Vydrica was canalized in this section.

## Flora and fauna

The Vydrica stream basin contains rare and endangered molluscs.
# Tahir Mirza

Tahir Mirza (Urdu: طاهر مرزا) (November 1936 – 29 May 2007) was a Pakistani journalist and former editor of Dawn, Pakistan's oldest and most widely circulated English-language newspaper. He became resident editor of this newspaper in Lahore in 1994 and worked as a correspondent in Washington, DC, before becoming editor of the newspaper in Karachi after the retirement of its noted editor Ahmed Ali Khan in 2003.

## Early life

Tahir Mirza was born in November 1936 in British India and graduated from the University of Lucknow, India.

## Career

Tahir Mirza started his career as a reporter with an English-language newspaper in Dhaka. He migrated to Lahore, Pakistan in the early 1960s and started working for the newspaper, Civil and Military Gazette there. He later went over to work for another newspaper of Lahore, Pakistan Times in 1963.
Later in his long career, he also worked for Khaleej Times of Dubai for some years. His career required that he travel to places like Lucknow, Karachi, Dhaka, Lahore, London, Dubai and Washington to serve as a journalist. He was widely considered to be a mild-mannered but firm professional.
During his service at the newspaper, Pakistan Times, Tahir Mirza participated in trade union activities. He was an active member of Pakistan Federal Union of Journalists (PFUJ) in Karachi during the period of General Ayub Khan's regime (1958 – 1966).
In 1975, Tahir Mirza helped another veteran journalist Mazhar Ali Khan launch a weekly magazine Viewpoint that represented the leftists' views in Pakistan. He also worked for Khaleej Times in Dubai for some years.

## Death and legacy

Tahir Mirza served as editor of Dawn newspaper from September 2003 to June 2006, when he resigned from this job due to failing health. He died on 29 May 2007 in Aga Khan Hospital, Karachi, of lung cancer.
During his long career as a journalist, he showed no regrets as having chosen journalism as his career even though it was not among the best paying jobs in Pakistan. He once told his journalist colleagues, "Given a chance, I will repeat it all over again".
Another famous quote by him is..."The only way to get respect is to show respect; and be always respected for your hard work. Once you do that there is no reason why anyone will not respect you".
# Hamun, Iran

Hamun (Persian: هامون, also Romanized as Hāmūn) is a village in Khusf Rural District, Central District, Khusf County, South Khorasan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 25, in 7 families.
# Avital Abergel

Avital Abergel (Hebrew: אביטל אברג'יל; born June 10, 1977) is an Israeli film and TV actress. Abergel has appeared in such (Israeli) films as "Aaron Cohen's Debt" (Hebrew: חובו של אהרון כהן‎) and "Something Sweet" (Hebrew: משהו מתוק‎). Likewise, Abergel is also a successful TV actress appearing in a number of Israeli Television series, such as: "The Good Guys", "The Other Woman", "Intensive care unit" and "Deep Blue".
Abergel is primarily known for acting as the character "Elinor Malchi" in the Children's TV Series "Octave" which is televised on the Children's Channel (Israel) (Hebrew: ערוץ הילדים‎).
In 2005, she appeared in the Teen movie: "You Are (betrothed to me)" (Hebrew: השמיניה‎) with the director of the Israeli film "Piza'at Lichtman"
In 2017/8 she had a part in the film The Children Act.
# Petříkov (Ostružná)

Petříkov (German: Peterswald) is a village and administrative part of Ostružná in the Olomouc Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 30 inhabitants.

## Geography

Petříkov is located in the Hrubý Jeseník mountains, 15 kilometres (9 mi) from the town of Jeseník.

## History

Petříkov was founded in 1617 by Hanuš Petřvaldský and was originally known as Peterswald (meaning "Peter's Forest"). It has a chapel dedicated to St. Lawrence, built in 1909.

## Sport

Petříkov is known for a ski resort. The ski resort also has a summer bobsled run.
# Lazarus of Aix

Saint Lazarus of Aix (French: Lazare d'Aix) (d. 441) was the first verifiable bishop of Aix-en-Provence, in France. He was appointed to his bishopric by the usurper emperor Constantine III in 408, and stripped of his office after Constantine was deposed by the future Constantius III in 411. Together with Heros of Arles, who had likewise been appointed by Constantine and deposed by Constantius, he then spent several years in Palestine before returning to Marseille, where he died on 3 August 441.
Although never canonised, he is venerated as a saint thanks to a confusion with his namesake, Lazarus, the friend of Jesus. Some of his relics are preserved in the Abbey of St. Victor, Marseille, where his epitaph is also to be found, and others are kept in Autun Cathedral, which is dedicated to him.

## Sources

* Catholic Encyclopedia: Lazarus of Bethany
* This article about a French saint is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
* This article about a French bishop is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
# Qazqapan

Qazqapan (Persian: قزقاپان, also Romanized as Qazqāpān) is a village in Piran Rural District, in the Central District of Piranshahr County, West Azerbaijan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 229, in 34 families.
# Landesliga Burgenland

The Landesliga Burgenland is the football division of the Austrian state of Burgenland. It is in the fourth highest division in Austrian football for clubs of the Burgenland Football Association (German: Burgenländischer Fussballverband).

## Mode

The league is made up of sixteen teams playing one home and one away match against each other. A season therefore comprises 30 match days.
The end of the season the champion is entitled to promotion into the third-class Austrian Regional League East. The number of teams that descend into the fifth-class divisions 2. Liga Nord, 2. Liga Mitte and 2. Liga Süd varies depending on the number of relegated Burgenland teams in the Regional League East. From 2. Liga Nord, 2. Liga Mitte and 2. Liga Süd respectively, one club advances into the Burgenland Landesliga.

## 2024–25 member clubs

* SC Bad Sauerbrunn
* FC Deutschkreutz
* ASV Draßburg
* SpG Edelserpentin (Stuben)
* USV Halbturn
* ASK Horitschon Unterpetersdorf
* UFC Jennersdorf
* ASKÖ Klingenbach
* ASK Kohfidisch
* SV Leithaprodersdorf
* Mattersburger SV
* SK Pama
* SC/ESV Parndorf 1919
* SC Pinkafeld
* SV Sankt Margarethen
* SV Schattendorf
# Bad Friend (song)

"Bad Friend" is a song by Japanese singer-songwriter Rina Sawayama, released on 15 April 2020 as the fifth single from her debut studio album Sawayama, just two days before the album's release. A remix by End of the World was released on 20 November 2020. Sawayama has called the track her favourite from the album and stated that it was written after she found out through social media that her formerly close friend had just had a baby.

## Composition

The synth-pop ballad is inspired by "Bush-era pop" with vocal manipulation inspired by Imogen Heap. Channelling "the same heart-on-sleeve emotion as Stripped-era Christina Aguilera" the song features a choral bridge described as a "take 'em to church moment". The song indirectly references Carly Rae Jepsen's 2012 hit single "Call Me Maybe" when she sings about "Singing our hearts out to Carly" in the summer of 2012. According to Sawayama, "Bad Friend" is about a deteriorating friendship during a trip to Tokyo and "how Westerners come to Tokyo and have a great time but can be very disrespectful to Japanese people". This ties the song in with the rest of the album's themes of family and cultural identity.

## Critical reception

Pitchfork placed the song at number 38 on their list of 100 best songs of 2020, with Dani Blum writing that on "Bad Friend", "Sawayama gives friend breakups their own ballad" while a "sense of shame courses through the track, undercutting her excuses". Blum felt that "relief doesn't come easy, but once it does, the song softens and shines". Elton John characterized "Bad Friend" as a "song that Madonna would die for", while simultaneously dubbing its parent album as the "strongest album of the year by far".

## Music video

The "Bad Friend" official music video was released in May 2020. The film noir-inspired visual was directed by Ali Kurr stars Sawayama in drag as an older Japanese businessman drowning his sorrows in a bar. There he meets another man who he befriends, but later ends up fighting.

## Track listing

Digital download
* "Bad Friend" – 3:28
Digital download – End of the World remix
* "Bad Friend" (End of the World Remix) – 3:15
# Galijeh, Isfahan

Galijeh (Persian: گليجه, also Romanized as Galījeh; also known as Kalījeh) is a village in Padena-ye Sofla Rural District, Padena District, Semirom County, Isfahan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 17, in 6 families.
# Tit Kan

Tit Kan (Persian: تيتكن, also Romanized as Tīt Kan; also known as Tītagīn, Tī Takīn, Tītgīn, and Tītkīn) is a village in Gabrik Rural District, in the Central District of Jask County, Hormozgan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 85, in 16 families.
# Anarjan, Bostanabad

Anarjan (Persian: انرجان, also Romanized as Anarjān) is a village in Mehranrud-e Markazi Rural District, in the Central District of Bostanabad County, East Azerbaijan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 346, in 70 families.
# Lichtetal am Rennsteig

Lichtetal am Rennsteig is a former municipal association (German: Verwaltungsgemeinschaft) in the district of Saalfeld-Rudolstadt, in Thuringia, Germany. The seat of government was in Lichte (in the Wallendorf section). It was disbanded in January 2019.
The municipal association consisted of the following municipalities:
Municipalities of Lichtetal am Rennsteig :
| Municipality | Lichte | Piesau | Reichmannsdorf | Schmiedefeld (Lichtetal) |
| Mayor | | Angelika Weigel | Fedor Wohlfarth | Hanno Leide |
| Inhabitants | 1,634 | 779 | 817 | 1,056 |

## History

The municipal association of Lichtetal am Rennsteig was established in line with the administrative reorganization after German reunification. Before 1990, all four municipalities were independent, each with a town hall, administration, and autonomous mayor. The post of mayor is now honorary, with reimbursement of expenses (German: Aufwandsentschädigung). The name Lichtetal am Rennsteig was derived from the close proximity to the Thuringian Rennsteig and the Lichte River.

## Gallery
### Coats of arms

* Lichtetal am Rennsteig
* Piesau
* Reichmannsdorf
* Schmiedefeld

### Pictures

* Sign on the Rennsteig trail
* Leipzig tower, Schmiedefeld
# Kismet

Kismet may refer to:

## Comics

* Kismet (Marvel Comics), a superheroine
* Kismet, Man of Fate, the first Muslim superhero, originally published by Gilberton Publications

## Film

* Kismet (1920 film), a film starring Otis Skinner and directed by Louis J. Gasnier, based on the 1911 play
* Kismet (1930 film), a film starring Loretta Young and Otis Skinner, also based on the play
* Kismet (1931 film), a film by William Dieterle, also based on the play
* Kismet (1932 film), a Hindi film by Baburao Patel
* Kismet (1943 film), a Hindi film starring Ashok Kumar
* Kismet (1944 film), a film starring Ronald Colman and Marlene Dietrich, also based on the play
* Kismet (1955 film), a film by Vincente Minnelli and based on the 1953 musical
* Kismet (1956), a 1956 Indian-Turkish film by Nanabhai Bhatt and Semih Evin
* Kismet (1956 film), a Pakistani drama film
* Kismet (1967 film), an American TV film
* Kismet (1980 film), a Hindi film starring Mithun Chakraborty
* Kismet, a 1999 American short starring Stephanie Niznik

## Music

* Kismet (band), a 1993–2002 Australian rock group formed as an offshoot of Mizar
* Kismet (artist), born in 2006 Chilean artist Kismet started his music career from his bedroom

### Albums

* Kismet (Adriana Evans album) (2005)
* Kismet (Jesca Hoop album) (2007)
* Kismet (The Mastersounds album) (1958)
* Kismet, an album by Stelios Petrakis and Bijan Cherimani of the Chemirani Ensemble

### Extended plays

* Kismet (EP), a 2023 EP by Belinda Carlisle

### Songs

* "Kismet" (Elitsa & Stoyan song), the 2013 Bulgarian Eurovision entry
* "Kismet", a song by Bond from Born
* "Kismet", a song by Flowing Tears from Thy Kingdom Gone
* "Kismet", an instrumental song by Kamelot from Silverthorn
* "Kismet", a song by Elvis Presley from Harum Scarum
* "Kismet", a song by Raveena from Asha's Awakening
* "Kismet", a song by Silent Sanctuary
* "Kismet", a song by SZA from S
* "Kismet", a single by XIX

## Places

* Kismet, California, an unincorporated community
* Kismet, Kansas, a village near Kansas's southwestern corner
* Kismet, New York, a hamlet on Fire Island, New York

## Stage

* Kismet (play), a 1911 play by Edward Knoblock
* Kismet (musical), a 1953 musical version of the 1911 play

## Technology

* Kismet (gameplay scripting), a scripting tool for the Unreal Engine from Epic Games
* Kismet (robot), a robot intended to demonstrate simulated emotion
* Kismet (software), software used to analyze wireless network traffic

## Other uses

* Kismet (chocolate bar), a Finnish chocolate bar
* Kismet (dice game)
* Kismet (yacht), a 2014 superyacht
* Kismet, a Drosophila Trithorax-group protein homologous to CHD7
# Khanabad, Kamyaran

Khanabad (Persian: خان آباد, also Romanized as Khānābād) is a village in Shahu Rural District, in the Central District of Kamyaran County, Kurdistan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 59, in 15 families. The village is populated by Kurds.