OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Naidăș

Naidăș (Hungarian: Néranádas) is a commune in Caraș-Severin County, Banat, western Romania with a population of 944 people as of 2021. It is composed of two villages, Lescovița (Néramogyorós; Serbian: Лесковица) and Naidăș.
Naidăș is the site of a border crossing with Serbia. The village of Kaluđerovo is on the opposite side.

## Natives

* Radenko Stanković (1880 – 1956), Regent of Yugoslavia from 1934 to 1941
# Mohamed Lamari

Lt. Gen. Mohamed Lamari (7 June 1939 – 13 February 2012) (Arabic: محمد العماري) was Chief of Staff of the Algerian army during most of the Algerian Civil War.

## Personal life

He was born on 7 June 1939 in Biskra, to a family originally from Bordj Benazzouz (near Biskra).

## Early military career

He joined the French army, completing his training in the cavalry at the Ecole de guerre in Saumur. In 1961, seven years into the Algerian War of Independence (and just a year before independence), he changed sides, joining the National Liberation Army. After independence, he trained as an artilleryman at the M. V. Frunze Military Academy, then as a general staff officer at the Ecole de Guerre in Paris. From 1970 to 1976 he commanded a regional general staff, then he worked in the general staff operational bureau until 1988, when he became commander of the 5th military region (eastern Algeria around Constantine). In 1989, he became commander of ground forces.
Lamari's sons include Farid (a military dentist) and Mourad, an adviser at the Algerian embassy to Belgium.

## Civil war

In the military coup of 1992 that started the Algerian Civil War, he was prominent among the officers demanding then-President Chadli Bendjedid's resignation. According to Mohamed Samraoui, he was relieved of his functions by the next President, the short-lived Mohamed Boudiaf, in March 1992, and only regained them after Boudiaf's assassination. He was then put in charge of an anti-terrorism task force of 15,000 soldiers, the CCLAS (Centre de commandement de la lutte antisubversive). In July 1993, as Liamine Zeroual became Minister of Defense, Mohamed Lamari became Chief of Staff, a post in which he would remain for more than a decade of war.
Politically, he was considered an eradicationist, rejecting the idea of negotiation with the government's Islamist opponents. In his capacity as head of the CCLAS, he was accused by Mohamed Samraoui of ultimately controlling the Organisation of Young Free Algerians, a pro-government armed group claiming credit for various attacks on civilians.

## Controversy

In 2002, he caused some controversy by publicly claiming that the military was no longer involved in national politics, the crisis of the 1990s being past; this claim angered other generals. In August 2004, he resigned and retired, ostensibly for health reasons; he was rumoured to have had differences with President Abdelaziz Bouteflika. He was replaced by General Ahmed Gaid Salah.
# Vladyslav Rybak

Vladyslav Mykolayovych Rybak (Ukrainian: Владислав Миколайович Рибак; born 5 July 2001) is a Ukrainian professional footballer who plays as a goalkeeper for Metalist Kharkiv.

## Career

Rybak, born in Kochubiyivka, Uman Raion is a product of neighbouring Youth Sportive School Uman and UTK Uman systems. After played at the amateurs level in his native village, he signed contract with the Ukrainian Premier League Zorya Luhansk.
In January 2022, Rybak joined Ukrainian First League club Metalist Kharkiv.
# Park Pobedy (Saint Petersburg Metro)

Park Pobedy (Russian: Парк Побе́ды) (literally "Victory Park") is a station on the Moskovsko-Petrogradskaya Line of the Saint Petersburg Metro. It was opened on April 29, 1961.
The above-ground vestibule was designed by A.S. Getskin and V.P. Shuvalova, and the subterranean elements of the project were designed by architect A.K. Andreev and engineer G.A. Skobennikov.
The station is 35 metres (115 ft) deep, and belongs to one of the deepest underground systems in the world. It was among the first on the Metro to introduce a "closed-type" design where the running tunnels and tracks are isolated from the platform by thick walls, and access to trains is regulated with automatically opening and closing platform screen doors - a world first.
# Ștefan Minovici

Ștefan Minovici (July 18, 1867 – December 29, 1935) was a Romanian chemist.
The brother of Mina Minovici and Nicolae Minovici, he became a corresponding member of the Romanian Academy in 1925.

## Education

Minovici was born in Râmnicu Sărat into a family of Aromanian origin. After studying at the gymnasium in Brăila from 1875 to 1882, he moved to Bucharest, where he completed his high school studies at Saint Sava National College in 1887. He then enrolled in the Faculty of Sciences at the University of Bucharest, majoring in physics and chemistry, and received a B.S. in 1893. The year after he went to study at Friedrich Wilhelm University in Berlin under Emil Fischer, graduating in 1897.

## Career

In 1899 Minovici joined the faculty at the Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy in Bucharest. In 1912 he was promoted to full professor at the University of Bucharest, while in 1925 he became director of the Institute of Organic Chemistry at the university. At that time he founded the Society of Chemistry in Romania, which became the official body representing Romania within the Paris-based International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry.
Minovici died suddenly on December 29, 1935, in Pitești of a cerebral hemorrhage.

## Publications

* Minovici, Ștefan (1907), Manualul Teoretic și Practic de Chimie Analitică (Analiza Calitativă), București: Institutul de Arte Grafice și Editură "Minerva"
* Minovici, Ștefan (1910), Manualul Teoretic și Practic de Chimie Analitică (Analiza Cantitativa), vol. II, București: Institutul de Arte Grafice și Editură "Minerva"
* Minovici, Ștefan; Vanghelovici, Mihail (1934). "Contributions to our knowledge of cholesterol". Journal of Chemical Education. 11 (12). American Chemical Society (ACS): 637. Bibcode:1934JChEd..11..637M. doi:10.1021/ed011p637. ISSN 0021-9584.
# Paiza

A paiza or paizi or gerege (Middle Mongolian: Гэрэгэ, Mongolian: Пайз, Persian: پایزه pāiza, Chinese: 牌子 páizi) was a tablet carried by Mongol officials and envoys to signify certain privileges and authority. They enabled Mongol nobles and officials to demand goods and services from civilian populations.
Although only someone with a paiza was required to be supplied with mounts and served specified rations, those carrying military rarities used the yam even without a paiza. The officials and nobles of the Mongol Empire issued paizas unofficially and abused civilians. Therefore, Ögedei Khan (r. 1229–1241) prohibited the nobility from issuing paizas and jarliqs.
To attract foreign or overseas merchants and talents, the Great Khans gave them paiza exempting them from taxes and allowing them to use relay stations. Most of these merchants were business partners of the Mongols, known as ortoq. However, Möngke Khan (r. 1251–1259) limited notorious abuses and sent imperial investigators to supervise the business of the merchants who were sponsored by the Mongols. He prohibited them from using the imperial relay stations or yam (zam) and paizas.
Marco Polo, who visited the Yuan dynasty during the reign of Kublai Khan (r. 1260–1294), left a good description of the paiza.
The Ilkhan Ghazan (r. 1295–1304) reformed the issuance of jarliqs, creating set forms and graded seals, ordering that all jarliqs be kept on file at court and canceling jarliqs older than 30 years and old paizas. He fashioned new paizas into two ranks, ordered that they bear the names of the bearers on them to prevent them from being transferred and required them to be relinquished at the end of the official's term.
Although paizas were popularized by the Mongols, they were not (contrary to common claim) a Mongol innovation. Similar such passports were already in use in northern China under the Liao dynasty, and their use was continued under subsequent kingdoms such as the Jin dynasty and the Tangut kingdom of Xi-Xia. The Jin paiza had seven different ranks.
* A Gerege in Mongolian script, found in the former territory of the Mongol Golden Horde (Dnieper River, 1845)
* Official pass with Mongolian inscription in 'Phags-pa script reading "By the power of eternal heaven, [this is] an order of the Emperor. Whoever does not show respect [to the bearer] will be guilty of an offence."
* A nightwatchman's pass of the Mongol empire, with inscriptions in Persian (left), Mongolian in 'Phags-pa script (centre), and Uyghur (right). The Mongolian inscription reads "Announcement: Beware of evil-doers".
vteMongol Empire :
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# John Pickering (footballer)

John Pickering (7 November 1944 – 30 May 2001) was an English professional footballer who played as a central defender. He was at Halifax Town from 1965 to 1974 and spent one season with Barnsley. He coached Blackburn Rovers, Carlisle United, Lincoln City, Newcastle United and Middlesbrough, and also had short spells as manager at both Blackburn and Lincoln.

## Playing career

Born in Stockton-on-Tees, John was raised in Thornaby-on-Tees where he attended Arthur Head School. He served his apprenticeship with Newcastle United but failed to make the first team and moved on to join Halifax Town in September 1965 for a fee of £1,250. A tough and uncompromising centre-half, he was a mainstay of the Halifax team during his nine years at the club. He was captain of the promotion winning team of 1969 and went on to make a record breaking total of 413 league and cup appearances for the club, including one run of 190 consecutive games. This achieved a notable family double as his uncle Barry Jackson holds the appearance record for York City.
He left Halifax in 1973–74, having made 367 League appearances, and joined Barnsley.

## Coaching career

A highly respected and renowned coach his career involved spells with Blackburn Rovers, Carlisle United, Lincoln City, Newcastle United and Middlesbrough. He also had short spells as manager at both Blackburn and Lincoln.
He spent over ten years coaching with Middlesbrough, initially with the first team before moving to Boro's academy in 1998. He was caretaker manager of Middlesbrough for the final game of the 1993–94 season, steering the team to a 5–2 victory at Charlton Athletic and his service to Middlesbrough was recognised when Bryan Robson gave him the honour of leading the team out at Wembley for the League Cup final against Chelsea.
He died in May 2001 after a long illness.
# Thomas Jefferys

Thomas Jefferys (c. 1719 – 1771), "Geographer to King George III", was an English cartographer who was the leading map supplier of his day. He engraved and printed maps for government and other official bodies and produced a wide range of commercial maps and atlases, especially of North America.

## Early work

As "Geographer to the Prince of Wales", he produced A Plan of all the Houses, destroyed & damaged by the Great Fire, which began in Exchange Alley Cornhill, on Friday March 25, 1748. He produced The Small English Atlas with Thomas Kitchin, and he engraved plans of towns in the English Midlands.

## Maps of North America

In 1754, Jefferys published a Map of the Most Inhabited Part of Virginia which had been surveyed by Joshua Fry and Peter Jefferson in 1751. The next year he published a map of New England surveyed by John Green, and in 1768 he published A General Topography of North America and the West Indies in association with Robert Sayer. In 1775, after his death, collections of his maps were published by Sayer as The American Atlas and The West-India Atlas. The American Atlas was reissued in 1776, expanded in response to growing hostilities between the British and the Americans; it contains maps by Joshua Fry, Peter Jefferson, Lewis Evans, and others.
In 1754, Jefferys took a robust and public stance in the controversy with the French on the boundary of Nova Scotia and Acadia, which arose in the time and context of Father Le Loutre's War, which is commonly held to have begun in 1749 and ended with the expulsion of the Acadians in 1755.
Jefferys posthumously lent his name in 1776 to The American Atlas: Or, A Geographical Description Of The Whole Continent Of America. It contains works by, amongst others, Joshua Fry and Peter Jefferson.

## Maps of English counties

Jefferys commissioned surveys and published maps of several English counties. These were large-scale maps with several sheets for each county; in the case of Bedfordshire and Huntingdonshire the scale was two inches to one mile (1:31680).
* Bedfordshire, surveyed 1765 by Scots cartographer John Ainslie, published 1765, reprinted 1983
* Huntingdonshire, surveyed 1766, published 1768
* Oxfordshire, surveyed 1766-67, published (by Andrew Dury) 1767
* County Durham, published 1768
* Buckinghamshire, surveyed 1766-68 by John Ainslie, published 1770, reprinted 2000
* Westmoreland, surveyed 1768, published 1770
* Yorkshire, surveyed 1767-70 by John Ainslie, published 1771-72
* Cumberland, surveyed 1770-71, published 1774
* Northamptonshire, survey (originally by Thomas Eyre) revised 1771, published 1779
After the death of Jefferys, these maps were re-issued by other map publishers such as William Faden.
# The Successor (2023 film)

The Successor (French: Le Successeur) is a 2023 thriller drama film directed by Xavier Legrand. Adapted from Alexandre Postel's 2015 novel L'Ascendant, the film stars Marc-André Grondin as Ellias Barnes, a Canadian man who has become head of a major fashion house in Paris, but must face up to his past when his father unexpectedly dies.
The cast also includes Yves Jacques, Laetitia Isambert-Denis, Anne-Élisabeth Bossé, Blandine Bury, Vincent Leclerc, Louis Champagne, Mireille Naggar, Marie-France Lambert, Thierry Harcourt, Florence Janas, Anne Loiret, Sarah Desjeunes Rico, Ted Pluviose, Jin Xuan Mao, Cindy Doutres, Nine d'Urso and Veronika Vasilyeva Rije.
# Lomtuka

Lomtuka (Russian: Ломтука; Yakut: Лоомтука, Loomtuka) is a rural locality (a selo), the only inhabited locality, and the administrative center of Tyllyminsky 1-y Rural Okrug of Megino-Kangalassky District in the Sakha Republic, Russia, located 16 kilometers (9.9 mi) from Mayya, the administrative center of the district. Its population as of the 2010 Census was 701, down from 798 recorded during the 2002 Census.
# Wardynka

The Wardynka is a river in Poland. It is a tributary of the Stobnica, which it joins near Wardyń.
* This article related to a river in Poland is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
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# Spokestoon

A spokestoon is an established cartoon character who is hired to endorse a product.
When the United States entered World War II, well-known celebrities already highly placed in American popular culture, such as Donald Duck and Bugs Bunny, joined the war effort, donating their highly visible images for patriotic and informative cartoons. Bambi, loaned by Walt Disney during 1943 to the US Forest Service, was the precursor of the purposely-created Smokey.
Spokestoons have also lent their celebrity status to individual events, such as Pogo for Earth Day in 1970, or The Smurfs to UNICEF in 2005.
Since then, many high-profile cartoon characters have turned their skills to corporate product placement. Though fast food franchises have used gimmicks to tie-in temporarily with current releases of animated features since the 1950s, a few cartoons have become more permanently associated with a product or service offered by corporate culture, similar to that of a mascot, and may be considered genuine spokestoons.
Early recorded usages of the term "spokestoon" include a March 25, 1995, feature in the Portland, Maine Press Herald, noting "Buster Brown, the comic strip character who became the 'spokestoon' for the children's shoe line", and an October 1995 article about the Disney Corporation's use of characters from The Lion King to promote good nutrition in children.
Some examples of spokestoons and the products they are identified with include:
* Dennis the Menace for Dairy Queen until 2002
* Donald Duck for Donald Duck orange juice
* Fred Flintstone and Barney Rubble for Winston cigarettes, Post's Pebbles, and Flintstones vitamins
* Little Lulu for Kleenex
* Bugs Bunny for Tang, Kool-Aid, and Weetabix
* Gumby for Cheerios
* Peanuts characters for the Ford Falcon car, Dolly Madison snacks, and Metropolitan Life Insurance
* Mickey Mouse for Disney Mickey's Magix breakfast cereal
* The Pink Panther for Owens Corning fiberglass thermal insulation, and Sweet'n Low artificial sweetener
* The Road Runner for Charter Communications's Road Runner (now Spectrum) internet service and AutoNation
* Rocky and Bullwinkle characters for Family Fun Center, General Mills, and Taco Bell
* The Simpsons characters for Nestlé's Butterfinger candy bars and Procter & Gamble's Vizir laundry detergent
* Underdog characters for Family Fun Center
* Winnie the Pooh characters for Disney Hunny B's Honey-Graham breakfast cereal
* Yogi Bear characters for Yogi Bear Toastee Tarts
* Huey, Dewey and Louie for Nestle's Trio
# Imlunestrant

Imlunestrant is an experimental selective estrogen receptor degrader developed by Eli Lilly and Company for the treatment of some types of breast cancer.
# Mohammad Hoseyn Lavank

Mohammad Hoseyn Lavank (Persian: محمدحسین لوانک, also Romanized as Moḩammad Ḩoseyn Lavānḵ) is a village in Hoseyniyeh Rural District, Alvar-e Garmsiri District, Andimeshk County, Khuzestan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 25, in 5 families.
# Carlo Schäfer

Karl Christoph "Carlo" Schäfer (2 January 1964 – 8 September 2015) was a German author of crime novels.

## Life

Carlo Schäfer was born in Heidelberg. He grew up as the youngest of three children in Pforzheim in Germany, his father was a Protestant priest there. After leaving school, Schäfer studied German at the University of Heidelberg, but he soon changed to studying at the Heidelberg University of Education (German: Pädagogische Hochschule Heidelberg). After studying, he worked for ten years as a secondary school teacher in Mannheim. Since 2003 Schäfer has been a lecturer at the Heidelberg University of Education (Institute for German language and literature and its didactics).
Schäfer was also a musician and cabaret performer. From 2002 he has been widely known as a crime author.
His protagonist, Detective Theurer, is a brooding, disillusioned man in his mid-fifties. He died in Heidelberg in 2015.
# The Mysterious Mirror

The Mysterious Mirror (German: Der geheimnisvolle Spiegel), aka The Mystic Mirror is a 1928 German silent fantasy film directed by Carl Hoffmann and Richard Teschner, and starring Fee Malten, Fritz Rasp and Rina De Liguoro. The film was about a magic mirror which allowed the person looking into it to see his or her future, a theme that appeared similarly in the 1945 British horror film Dead of Night. The magazine Film und Volk, which was invariably hostile to UFA releases, described it as "about the limit of what an audience could be expected to tolerate in the way of stale Gothic Romance and unlikely psychology".

## Plot

A mirror in a creepy old Bavarian castle has the magical ability to reveal the future of whoever looks into it while the full moon shines brightly. A series of characters looks into the glass to learn their fate, and most are unhappy with what they learn. In the end, the hero smashes the glass and then commits suicide. After he is dead, the mirror magically reassembles itself into a whole as before.

## Cast

* Fee Malten as Anna
* Fritz Rasp as reicher Mann
* Rina De Liguoro as Freundin des reichen Mannes
* Eduard von Winterstein as Schloßverwalter
* Dante Cappelli as Schloßkastellan
* Wolf Albach-Retty as Bildhauer
* Max Magnus as Sein Freund
* Alice Kempen as Großmagd
* Heinrich Gretler as Großknecht

## Production

Co-director Hoffmann, being more of a cinematographer, was more at home handling the technical effects involved in filmmaking and preferred to allow a co-director (such as Teschner) to work with the actors. His career involved working on films with directors including Fritz Lang and F.W. Murnau. Actor Fritz Rasp played villains in a number of films including Metropolis and, in the 1960s, several German Edgar Wallace crime thrillers.
# Holstein Tower

The Holstein Tower (German: Holsteinturm) was a 100 metres (330 ft) high gyro tower that serves as a landmark for the Bay of Lübeck and Neustadt. It is located at Hansa Park in Sierksdorf, Schleswig-Holstein, Germany and was built in 1988, opposite many other similar structures additionally guyed at the machine unit.

## Technical information

The glazed gondola rotates clockwise at a speed of approx. 1.2 metres per second (3.9 ft/s) to a height of approx. 70 metres (230 ft), so that you have a view over the entire Bay of Neustadt and, in good weather, even as far as Lübeck. The tower diameter is 2.5 metres (8.2 ft).
The gondola can accommodate up to 72 guests. The ride has an hourly capacity of around 900 people.

## Particularities

The entire tower resembles a traditional ship's mast. On the machine house at the top of the tower there is a large flagpole with the flag of Schleswig-Holstein in a size of approx. 30 square metres (320 sq ft), which is however retracted in the visible protective cover during the closed winter season and in bad weather. For technical reasons, the passenger gondola remains positioned at the highest point during the closed winter season, and overnight in the middle of the tower during the open season.
The Holstein Tower was the highest attraction in Hansa Park from its opening until the 2019 season, but was then replaced by the Highlander gyro drop tower with a total height of 120 meters.
# Yitzhak Arieli

Yitzhak Arieli (Hebrew: יצחק אריאלי; born 1896, died 5 April 1974) was a leading Israeli rabbi.

## Biography

Arieli was born in 1896 in the Old City of Jerusalem, which was then part of the Ottoman Empire, and studied at Torat Hayim and Etz Chaim yeshivot in Jerusalem.
He was one of the founders of Kiryat Shmuel and Neve Sha'anan neighborhoods in central Jerusalem. He was also the spiritual leader of the Knesset Yisrael neighborhood, where he resided.
Arieli developed a close relationship with Rav Kook following the latter's arrival in Jerusalem in 1921, and became one of his leading students.
Arieli was appointed as posek of Bikur Holim Hospital and served as the mashgiach ruchani of Jerusalem's Mercaz HaRav Yeshiva.
His grandson Asher Arieli is a senior lecturer at Yeshivas Mir. His granddaughter Yael Willner is a judge on the Supreme Court of Israel.

## Awards and honours

* In 1966, Rabbi Arieli was awarded the Israel Prize, in Rabbinical literature.
* There is a street named after Rabbi Arieli in Beitar Illit, and in the Nachlaot neighborhood of Jerusalem there is a street name after the title of one of his books "Anayim Lemishpat".

## Published works

* Anayim Lemishpat
* Shirat Hage'ulah - on the Passover Hagadah
* Midrash Arieli
# The Girl from the Wardrobe

The Girl from the Wardrobe (Polish: Dziewczyna z szafy) is a 2013 Polish drama film directed by Bodo Kox.

## Cast

* Wojciech Mecwaldowski - Tomek
* Piotr Głowacki - Jacek
* Magdalena Rózanska - Magda
* Eryk Lubos [pl] - Krzysztof
* Teresa Sawicka [pl] - Kwiatkowska
* Olga Bołądź - Aga

## Awards and nominations

* Polish Academy Award for Discovery of the Year, for directing, Bodo Kox, award
* Zbigniew Cybulski Award for best young Polish actor, Piotr Głowacki, award
* Polish Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor, Eryk Lubos [pl], nomination
* Polish Academy Award for Best Production Design, Andrzej Haliński [pl], nomination