OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# John Jennings

John Jennings may refer to:

## Politicians

* John Jenyns (1660–1717), MP
* John Jennings (Burton MP) (1903–1990), British Conservative Party politician
* John Jennings (American politician) (1880–1956), U.S. Representative from Tennessee, 1939–1951
* John Jennings (Australian politician) (1878–1968), federal member for South Sydney and then Watson in the 1930s
* Jack Jennings (politician) (John Joseph Jennings, 1923–1995), member for the electoral district of Ross Smith, 1970–1977
* John Jennings (St Albans MP) (died 1642), English Member of Parliament

## Musicians

* John Jennings (musician) (1953–2015), American guitarist, multi-instrumentalist and producer
* John Jennings, bassist for British band The Ruts

## Military

* John Jennings (Royal Navy officer) (1664–1743), British admiral and politician
* John Jennings, British soldier who played a major part in the Battle of Carrickfergus

## Others

* John Edward Jennings (1906–1973), American historical novelist
* John T. Jennings, president of the Royal Society of South Australia, 2008–2010
* Sir John Jennings (businessman) (1937–2024), British oil industry executive officer, Chancellor of Loughborough University, 2003–2010
* John Jennings (clergyman) (1814–1876), Canadian Presbyterian minister
* John Jennings (footballer) (1905–1997), English footballer for Cardiff City, Middlesbrough and Preston
* John Jennings (physician) (fl. 18th century), Irish doctor
* John Jennings (tutor) (1688–1723), English dissenting tutor
* John Jennings (priest) (1798–1883), Archdeacon of Westminster
* John Percival Jennings (1923–2003), horticultural adviser for the South Australian Department of Agriculture
* John Jennings (racing driver), participated in 1970 Greenville 200
* Midgley John Jennings (1806–1857), English missionary, founder of the SPG Mission to Delhi
* John C.T. Jennings, fictional hero of the Jennings books
# Pottuvil massacre

The Pottuvil Massacre was the killing of 10 Muslim labourers who had gone to repair the bund of Rattal Tank in Pottuvil in the southern part of the Ampara District on 17 September 2006. The victims were all men aged between 18–35 whose bodies were found hacked to death the next morning. The massacre was widely believed to have been carried out by the Special Task Force (STF).
Although the Sri Lankan government blamed the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LTTE), members of the Muslim community accused the STF of involvement in the massacre. The local Muslim population staged protests demanding the removal of the STF officers. One of them stated:
   "Special Task Force troops killed these people. We don’t blame anyone else. The LTTE can’t come into this area. It is completely controlled by the STF. Without the STF’s knowledge, no one can come into this area."
They also questioned how the LTTE could infiltrate into an area carrying swords, kill 10 people and then leave without the STF spotting them; with no encounter between the LTTE and the STF taking place. Rauff Hakeem, the leader of the SLMC, requested an international commission to probe the incident.
Amid these accusations, the government had acted irregularly. The ambulance transporting the only survivor was prevented by police from going to the hospital at a predominantly Muslim town called Kalmunai. The ambulance was redirected to a hospital at Sinhalese-dominated Ampara. The survivor was held incommunicado by armed guards at the Amparai Hospital and the SLMM were prevented from seeing him. Eyewitness also reported that the police destroyed crime scene evidence.
The sole survivor of the attack, Meera Mohideen (60), identified the LTTE as the attackers in a videotaped testimony given from the hospital to Minister A. L. M. Athaullah. However, doubts were raised about how the interview was conducted as the survivor was held incommunicado; and Athaullah was suspected to have been behind the fabricated statements that Defence Ministry claimed it had received from several community organizations in the eastern province blaming the LTTE for the massacre. Mohideen was also said to have been unable to later recall giving the interview, suggesting that he had been put through a "propaganda exercise" while in an unstable state.
The human rights group UTHR(J) blamed the STF for the massacre. Muslims in the area had a troubled history with the Sasthiriveli STF camp; they accused its Chief Inspector S.N. Gunaratne of aiding the local Sinhalese community in land disputes and of threatening them the day before the massacre for seeking his transfer. Muslim eyewitness testimonies also indicate the involvement of the STF and Sinhalese elements in the abduction of the labourers.
The majority of Pottuvil residents remain convinced that the state is engaged in a cover-up. The Sri Lankan state forces themselves have a history of intimidating witnesses and forcing false statements.
No independent or international commission to probe this incident has been carried out till date.
# Bali Qayah

Bali Qayah (Persian: بالي قيه, also Romanized as Bālī Qayah; also known as Bālā Qayah) is a village in Quri Chay-ye Gharbi Rural District, Saraju District, Maragheh County, East Azerbaijan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 152, in 36 families.
# Turovsky

Turovsky is a Czech, Slovak, Ukrainian, Belarusian and Russian surname, it may refer to:
Turovsky (Ukrainian: Туровський, Russian: Туровский). Turovska, Turovskaya are Ukrainian feminine variation.
* Kirill Turovsky (Polish: Cyryl Turowski) (1130-1182), Russian Orthodox priest and saint
* Genya Turovskaya, American poet
* JoAnn Turovsky, American musician-harpist
* Mikhaylo Turovskyy (born 1933), Ukrainian-American artist and writer
* Roman Turovsky-Savchuk, Ukrainian-American artist and composer
* Yuli Turovsky (1939-2013), Canadian cellist and conductor
# Blieux

Blieux (French pronunciation:; Occitan: Blieus) is a rural commune in the Alpes-de-Haute-Provence department in the Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur region in Southeastern France.

## History

The commune of Blieux first appeared on maps in 1100.
Much later, during the French Revolution, records show that the residents of Blieux had created a political club (patriotic society), which was very common at the time. (See Jacobin Club).

### Name of the commune

According to Ernest Nègre, the first recorded name for the commune, Bleus, was derived from the Occitan word bleusse, meaning 'dry'. This was likely a reference to the local soil. By contrast, Charles Rostaing argues that the name derives from the pre-Indo-European root word, *BL, meaning 'mountain in the form of a spur'.
La Melle, the name of a nearby hamlet, comes from the Celtic word, mello, meaning an elevated location.

## Economy

Historically, Blieux was a pastoral community, with a yearly alpine grazing cycle known as transhumance. As with much of Provence, tourism the primary source of economic activity today.

## Geography

The village is located at an altitude of 950m, in the valley formed by a tributary of the river Asse, known as the 'Asse de Blieux'.

### Hamlets

* le Bas-Chadoul
* la Melle
* la Tuilière
* Thon
* La Castelle

### Summits and passes

* Mont Chiran (1905 m)
* le Grand Mourre (1898 m)
* Crête de Montmuye (Montmuye ridge) (Highest point: 1621 m)
* Le Mourre de Chanier ( 1930 m)

## Demographics

With the exception of those that have been totally abandoned, Blieux is one of the communities in the Alpes-de-Haute-Provence department that has experienced the greatest population decline from the mid-19th to the mid-20th centuries.
Inhabitants are known as Blieuxois (masculine) and Blieuxoises (feminine) in French.
# Proposition 32

Proposition 32 may refer to:
* 2012 California Proposition 32, a ballot measure about political contributions by labor unions
* 2024 California Proposition 32, a ballot measure to raise the California minimum wage to $18
# Nahum Cohen

Nahum Cohen (Russian: Наум Коган, Hebrew: נחום כהן; August 23, 1863 – January 27, 1893), also known by the pseudonym Naumov (Наумов), was a Russian writer and journalist.

## Biography

Nahum Cohen was raised in Nikopol where he attended the local kheder, afterwards studying at the gymnasium in Kherson. He then pursued studies at the Kharkov Veterinary Institute [uk], but left after falling ill with a nervous system disorder and being admitted to a psychiatric hospital. Upon his release, he briefly returned to his hometown and established a school there.
His health continued to deteriorate, resulting in a lung disease. In 1888 he relocated to Crimea, where he worked as a private teacher and contributed to various local periodicals, especially to the Krym and Krymski Vyestnik. His acclaimed ghetto story, V Glukhom Myestechkye ('In a Dull Townlet'), published first in Vestnik Evropy (November 1892), would later appear also in book form (Moscow, 1895).
He died in Yekaterinoslav in 1893 at the age of 29.
# BSH

BSH may refer to:
* Bacillithiol, a thiol compound found in bacteria
* Bahrain Specialist Hospital, a hospital in Bahrain
* Bayley Seton Hospital on Staten Island, New York, US
* Belarusian Socialist Hramada, a political party
* Bishan MRT station, station abbreviation
* British Shorthair, a breed of cat
* British Society for Haematology
* BSh, Köppen climate classification for hot semi-arid climates
* BSH Bosch and Siemens Home Appliances
* Bushey railway station, station code
* Bushel, a unit of dry volume
* Federal Maritime and Hydrographic Agency of Germany (German: Bundesamt für Seeschifffahrt und Hydrographie)
# Rabenkopf (Ötztal Alps)

The Rabenkopf (Italian: Cima dei Corvi) is a mountain in the Planeil group of the Ötztal Alps.
# Saint-Clair, Tarn-et-Garonne

Saint-Clair (French pronunciation: ; Occitan: Sent Clar) is a commune in the Tarn-et-Garonne department in the Occitanie region in southern France.

## Geography

The Barguelonne forms all of the commune's south-eastern border.
# Häufebecher

A häufebecher (German: stacking cup) is a stackable beaker, usually made of silver. They were well established in Germany by the 16th century and are often highly valued by antiques collectors.
# Rudbar Chireh

Rudbar Chireh (Persian: رودبارچيره, also Romanized as Rūdbār Chīreh) is a village located in Gasht Rural District, in the Central District of Fuman County, Gilan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 484, in 121 families.
# Sarvelayat Rural District

Sarvelayat Rural District (Persian: دهستان سرولايت) is in Sarvelayat District of Nishapur County, Razavi Khorasan province, Iran. Its capital is the village of Abdollah Givi.

## Demographics
### Population

At the time of the 2006 National Census, the rural district's population was 10,567 in 2,947 households. There were 9,918 inhabitants in 3,259 households at the following census of 2011. The 2016 census measured the population of the rural district as 8,519 in 3,004 households. The most populous of its 42 villages was Soltan Meydan, with 775 people.
# Jan of Cieszyn

Jan of Cieszyn (Polish: Jan cieszyński; 1339/40 – after 18 May 1359), was a Polish prince, member of the Piast dynasty in the Cieszyn branch.
He was the fourth son of Casimir I, Duke of Cieszyn, by his wife Euphemia, daughter of Duke Trojden I of Czersk-Warsaw.

## Life

Like most of Casimir I's children, Jan was destined to the cleric since his early years, together with two of his sisters (Jolanta Helena and Elisabeth), and two of his brothers (Bolesław and Siemowit). The main reason for why Casimir I put three of his five sons to follow a church career was to prevent further division of the already small Duchy of Cieszyn between them after his death. In addition, the Duke of Cieszyn, as a loyal vassal of the Bohemian Kings, hoped to obtain the help of them in obtaining high ecclesiastical dignities for his sons.
Jan is mentioned in a Papal document of 18 May 1359 issued in Avignon. There is appointed as reverend of twenty Wrocław dioceses. Sources are silent about him after this, so is supposed that soon after he died prematurely. Some historians exposed the possibility that Jan had died before the issue of the Papal decree and the notice of his death not yet reached to Avignon.
Jan's place of burial is unknown.

## Ancestry

Ancestors of Jan of Cieszyn :
# Gaveshan

Gaveshan (Persian: گاوشان, also Romanized as Gāveshān; also known as Kāveshān) is a village in Sursur Rural District, Muchesh District, Kamyaran County, Kurdistan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 339, in 84 families. The village is populated by Kurds.
# Lausanne-Chauderon railway station

Lausanne-Chauderon railway station (French: Gare de Lausanne-Chauderon) is a railway station in the municipality of Lausanne, in the Swiss canton of Vaud. It is located on the 1,000 mm (3 ft 3+3⁄8 in) Lausanne–Bercher line of the Chemin de fer Lausanne-Échallens-Bercher [fr] (LEB).

## Services

As of the December 2023 timetable change, the following services stop at Lausanne-Chauderon:
* Regio: service every fifteen minutes between Lausanne-Flon and Echallens, with every other train continuing from Echallens to Bercher.
# Brauer's Height Zero Conjecture

The Brauer Height Zero Conjecture is a conjecture in modular representation theory of finite groups relating the degrees of the complex irreducible characters in a Brauer block and the structure of its defect groups. It was formulated by Richard Brauer in 1955.

## Statement

Let $G$ be a finite group and $p$ a prime. The set ${\rm {Irr}}(G)$ of irreducible complex characters can be partitioned into Brauer $p$-blocks. Each $p$-block $B$ is canonically associated to a conjugacy class of $p$-subgroups, called the defect groups of $B$. The set of irreducible characters belonging to $B$ is denoted by $\mathrm {Irr} (B)$.
Let $\nu$ be the discrete valuation defined on the integers by $\nu (mp^{a})=a$ where $m$ is coprime to $p$. Brauer proved that if $B$ is a block with defect group $D$ then $\nu (\chi (1))\geq \nu (|G:D|)$ for each $\chi \in \mathrm {Irr} (B)$. Brauer's Height Zero Conjecture asserts that $\nu (\chi (1))=\nu (|G:D|)$ for all $\chi \in \mathrm {Irr} (B)$ if and only if $D$ is abelian.

## History

Brauer's Height Zero Conjecture was formulated by Richard Brauer in 1955. It also appeared as Problem 23 in Brauer's list of problems. Brauer's Problem 12 of the same list asks whether the character table of a finite group $G$ determines if its Sylow $p$-subgroups are abelian. Solving Brauer's height zero conjecture for blocks whose defect groups are Sylow $p$-subgroups (or equivalently, that contain a character of degree coprime to $p$) also gives a solution to Brauer's Problem 12.

## Proof

The proof of the if direction of the conjecture was completed by Radha Kessar and Gunter Malle in 2013 after a reduction to finite simple groups by Thomas R. Berger and Reinhard Knörr.
The only if direction was proved for $p$-solvable groups by David Gluck and Thomas R. Wolf. The so called generalized Gluck—Wolf theorem, which was a main obstacle towards a proof of the Height Zero Conjecture was proven by Gabriel Navarro and Pham Huu Tiep in 2013. Gabriel Navarro and Britta Späth showed that the so-called inductive Alperin—McKay condition for simple groups implied Brauer's Height Zero Conjecture. Lucas Ruhstorfer completed the proof of these conditions for the case $p=2$. The case of odd primes was finally settled by Gunter Malle, Gabriel Navarro, A. A. Schaeffer Fry and Pham Huu Tiep using a different reduction theorem.
# Salem Goodale

Salem Wales Goodale (September 16, 1871 – August 22, 1931) was an American college football coach and physician. He was the head football coach at Baker University in Baldwin City, Kansas, serving from 1890 to 1891, and compiling a record of 6–2–1. Goodale was the first victorious head college football coach in Kansas. He was the head coach at Baker for the first college football game played in the state of Kansas. On November 22, 1890, his team beat the Kansas Jayhawks by a score of 22–9.
Goodale later practiced as a physician in San Francisco, and was a poineering resident of Millbrae, California. He died on August 22, 1931.

## Head coaching record

| Year | Team | Overall |
| Baker Methodists (Independent) (1890–1891) ||||||
| 1890 | Baker | 1–1 |
| 1891 | Baker | 5–1–1 |
| Baker: | Baker: | 6–2–1 |
| Total: | Total: | 6–2–1 |
# Felix Wierzbicki

Felix Wierzbicki (Polish: Feliks Paweł Wierzbicki [Felix Paul Wierzbicki]; 1 January 1815, in Czerniawka, Volhynia, Poland, now Chernyavka, Zhytomyr Oblast, Ukraine – 26 December 1860, in San Francisco) was a Polish-American veteran of the November 1830 Uprising, physician, soldier, traveler, and writer.

## Life

When the Mexican–American War commenced in 1846, he joined Company H of the 1st Regiment of New York Volunteers. The New York Volunteers was a unit organized by Colonel Jonathan D. Stevenson to occupy and settle California. Then he participated in California Gold Rush.
In 1849, Wierzbicki published in San Francisco the first English-language book printed in California, California as It Is and as It May Be, or A Guide to the Gold Region. The book is an "unvarnished" description of the culture, peoples, and climate of the area at that time. Wierzbicki described prospective settlers, and included a survey of agriculture and hints on gold mining.
Wierzbicki died on 26 December 1860 in San Francisco and was buried there in the Laurel Hill Cemetery. His remains were later reinterred at the San Francisco National Cemetery.

## Books

* The Ideal Man: A Conversation between Two Friends, upon the Beautiful, the Good, and the True, as Manifested in Actual Life, Boston, E.P. Peabody, 1842. Signed A Philokalist ("Lover of Beauty"), credited to Wierzbicki.
* California as It Is and as It May Be, or A Guide to the Gold Region, 1849.
# Kim Se-in

Kim Se-In (born 29 July 1974) is a South Korean pole vaulter.
His personal best jump is 5.40 metres, achieved at the 2002 Asian Championships in Colombo.

## Achievements

| Year | Competition | Venue | Position | Notes |
| Representing South Korea |||||
| 1992 | World Junior Championships | Seoul, South Korea | — | NH |
| 1999 | Universiade | Palma, Spain | 15th (q) | 4.80 m |
| 2000 | Asian Championships | Jakarta, Indonesia | 4th | 5.00 m |
| 2002 | Asian Championships | Colombo, Sri Lanka | 2nd | 5.40 m (PB) |
| 2002 | Asian Games | Busan, South Korea | 5th | 5.00 m |
| 2003 | Asian Championships | Manila, Philippines | 3rd | 5.10 m |
| 2005 | Asian Championships | Incheon, South Korea | – | NM |
| 2006 | Asian Games | Doha, Qatar | 7th | 4.90 m |
# Taprobane Island (Weligama)

Taprobane Island, originally called "Galduwa" ("Rock Island" in Sinhalese), is a private island with one villa, located just off the southern coast of Sri Lanka opposite the village of Weligama.
The island was renamed after the old Greek word for Sri Lanka by its owner Maurice Talvande (who styled himself as "Count de Mauny Talvande"), who sighted it around 1925 after a long search for an earthly paradise. He built its villa and replanted the island to create a private Eden. The islet passed on to the American author and composer Paul Bowles and then the Sri Lankan born former United Nations Chief Prosecutor Sir Desmond Lorenz de Silva before it came to the ownership of the Australian businessman Geoffrey Dobbs.
Notable people who stayed on Taprobane include Dutch author Peter ten Hoopen, who spent a month there in 1984 during civil unrest on the mainland, as well as Kylie Minogue, who composed a song about the island inspired by her stay titled "Taprobane (Extraordinary Day)". German artist Tomas Kurth stayed on Taprobane island in 1991 and, while on the island, painted it numerous times. Subsequently, the stay inspired him to create a series of paintings depicting stylised lonely islands. Taprobane island inspired Jason Kouchak to compose "Dark Island" in his 1999 album Watercolours. 5°58′04″N 80°25′32″E﻿ / ﻿5.96778°N 80.42556°E﻿ / 5.96778; 80.42556
The author Robin Maugham, who visited the island as a young man, and in the mid-1970s, considered the unique beauty and harmony of the villa had become compromised after de Mauny's death by partitioning and the loss of his furniture and fittings, and that the area itself had been despoiled by the construction of a new road along the mainland beach. Since then, and particularly after the 2004 tsunami, substantial further residential development on the adjoining mainland has occurred.
While Arthur C. Clarke's novel The Fountains of Paradise takes place in "Taprobane", the setting is recognizably Sri Lanka, not this isle.

## Literature

* William Warren; Jill Gocher (2007). Asia's legendary hotels: the romance of travel. Singapore: Periplus Editions. ISBN 978-0-7946-0174-4.
* Kim Inglis; Jacob Termansen; Pia Marie Molbech (2004). cool hotels: india, maldives, sri lanka. Singapore: Periplus Editions. ISBN 0-7946-0173-1.
# Katharine Chang

Katharine Chang (Chinese: 張小月; pinyin: Zhāng Xiǎoyuè; born 12 February 1953) is a Taiwanese diplomat.

## Education

Chang obtained her bachelor's degree from the Department of Diplomacy of National Chengchi University. She then obtained her master's degree in international relations from Long Island University in the United States.

## Career

Chang began her diplomatic career in 1976. In January 1995, she was named leader of the Taipei Economic and Cultural Office in Seattle, and became the first woman to serve as a representative of Taiwan. In 1997, Chang was appointed Taiwan's first woman ambassador when she accepted a post to St Kitts and Nevis and Dominica. Upon succeeding Henry Chen as director-general of the Department of Information and Cultural Affairs, Chang became the Ministry of Foreign Affairs first spokeswoman. She was the ROC representative to the United Kingdom from 2007 to 2011 and to Australia from 2011 to 2014. The next year, she was appointed to lead the Taipei Economic and Cultural Representative Office in the United States. In 2016, Chang was named the minister of the Mainland Affairs Council. She left the Mainland Affairs Council in February 2018, and succeeded Tien Hung-mao as leader of the Straits Exchange Foundation that March. Chang was replaced at the SEF by David Lee on 5 June 2020. Chang subsequently chaired the Taiwan–Hong Kong Economic and Cultural Co-operation Council. In September of the same year, she began serving as Taiwanese representative to Austria.