OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# 2008 Icelandic lorry driver protests

The 2008 Icelandic truck driver protests were protests started by truck drivers in Iceland through March−April 2008. The protest came about due to increasing oil prices and working hours.

## Background

In 2008, due to the 2008 Icelandic financial crisis, Icelandic oil prices were increasing rapidly, with one Icelandic reporting that fuel for his 4x4 truck cost as much as 12,000 kronas ($161).
Truck drivers began protesting against these prices, also aiming for lower tariffs on fossil fuels.

## Violence

Violence against protesters is very rare in Iceland.
According to a person's iReport footage, somebody from behind the police barricade sprayed a can of fluid into the crowd, possibly CS gas, as one protester is seen rubbing their eyes a few seconds later.

## Aftermath

Prime Minister Geir H. Haarde told the Fréttablaðið newspaper, “I am very sorry this happened. It is not in consistency with Icelandic traditions to solve disputes with violence, but I believe it is necessary that police use the resources they have to protect public safety.”
# Omar & Salma

Omar & Salma (Arabic: عمر وسلمى) is an Egyptian comedy, drama film starring Tamer Hosny and Mai Ezz Eldin, written by Hosny. It was the first of a trilogy.
# Topoľnica

Topoľnica (Hungarian: Tósnyárasd) is a village and municipality in Galanta District of the Trnava Region of south-west Slovakia.

## Geography

The municipality lies at an elevation of 119 metres and covers an area of 10.475 km². It has a population of about 832 people.

## History

In the 9th century, the territory of Topoľnica became part of the Kingdom of Hungary. In historical records the village was first mentioned in 1307. Before the establishment of independent Czechoslovakia in 1918, it was part of Pozsony County. After the Austro-Hungarian army disintegrated in November 1918, Czechoslovak troops occupied the area, later acknowledged internationally by the Treaty of Trianon. Between 1938 and 1945 Topoľnica once more became part of Miklós Horthy's Hungary through the First Vienna Award. From 1945 until the Velvet Divorce, it was part of Czechoslovakia. Since then it has been part of Slovakia.
# Borod, Bihor

Borod (Hungarian: Nagybáród) is a commune in Bihor County, Crișana, Romania with a population of 3,843 people. It is composed of six villages: Borod, Borozel (Kisbáród), Cetea (Cséklye), Cornițel (Báródsomos), Șerani (Sárán) and Valea Mare de Criș (Felsőpatak).

## Sights

* Locul fosilifer de la Cornițel (Natural reserve 0,01 ha)
# Muhammad Nasser

Muhammad Nasser (Arabic: محمد ناصر), and other variants using "Al-" (ال), "Abu-" (أبو), or "bin" (بن), may refer to:

## Academics

* Mohammed Abu Naser (1921–2004), Bangladeshi academic
* Mohammad Jibran Nasir (born 1987), Pakistani civil rights activist and lawyer
* Mohamed Nasser Kotby (born 1937), Egyptian professor

## Politicians

* Mohamad Nasir (born 1960), Indonesian politician and professor
* Mohamed Nasir (1916–1997), Malaysian politician
* Mohammad Nasser Saghaye-Biria (born 1958), Iranian imam and politician
* Mohd Nasir Hashim (born 1947), Malaysian politician
* Mohammed Nasser Al-Sanousi (born 1938), Kuwaiti politician

## Sportspeople

* Muhammad Nasir (born 1937), Pakistani boxer
* Mohammed Nasser (footballer, born 1988), Emirati footballer
* Mohamed El-Naser, Libyan swimmer
* Mohamed Nasir Abbas (born 1996), Qatari athlete
* Mohammad Nasser Afash (born 1966), Syrian footballer
* Mohamed Naser Elsayed Elneny (born 1992), Egyptian footballer
* Mohamad Naser Al-Sayed (born 1981), Qatari chess player
* Mohammed Nasser Shakroun (born 1984), Iraqi footballer
* Mohamed Naser (footballer, born 2001), Egyptian footballer
* Mohammad Nasser (footballer, born 2001), Lebanese footballer

## Other people

* Muhammad Nasiruddin Nasir (born 1997), Malaysian actor
* Mohammed Nasser Al Ahbabi, Emirati engineer and space administrator
* Mohammed Nasser Ahmed (born 1950), Yemeni major general
* Mohammed bin Nasser Al-Ajmi, Kuwaiti writer
* Muhammad bin Nasir (died 1728), Omani imam
* Muhammad Nasir Abdul Aziz, Singaporean convicted criminal
# Myndagay

Myndagay (Russian: Мындагай; Yakut: Мындаҕаайы, Mındağaayı) is a rural locality (a selo) and the administrative center of Bolugursky Rural Okrug in Churapchinsky District of the Sakha Republic, Russia, located 70 kilometers (43 mi) from Churapcha, the administrative center of the district. Its population as of the 2010 Census was 1,046; down from 1,128 recorded in the 2002 Census.
# Cherniakhiv

Cherniakhiv or Chernyakhiv (Ukrainian: Черняхів) may refer to several places in Ukraine;
* Cherniakhiv, Kyiv Oblast, a village in Obukhiv Raion, Kyiv Oblast
* Cherniakhiv, Rivne Oblast, a village in Ostroh Raion, Rivne Oblast
* Cherniakhiv, Zhytomyr Oblast, a town (urban-type settlement) in Cherniakhiv Raion, Zhytomyr Oblast
# Elwood Talmud Torah Hebrew Congregation

The Elwood Talmud Torah Hebrew Congregation (Hebrew: ק"ק בית אברהם), also known as Elwood Synagogue or Elwood Shule, is a historically significant Orthodox synagogue located in the Melbourne suburb of Elwood, Victoria, Australia. The congregation played an important role in accommodating Melbourne's large population of Jewish Holocaust survivors following World War II.

## Overview

The congregation was formed around 1931 or 1932 as a prayer service in a private home. In 1938 the congregation moved to 40 Mitford Street where a part-time Talmud Torah was established in addition to regular prayer services. Prior to World War II the congregation grew with the arrival of Jewish European immigrants. In 1939-40 several members broke away and formed their own congregation, later known as the Adass Israel Congregation.
Elwood Shule flourished during and especially following World War II, as a large number of Jewish Holocaust survivors settled in the area. Services took place in halls in Acland Street, St Kilda, and Hennessy Avenue, Elwood during peak periods, before larger premises were acquired at 26 Avoca Avenue in 1942.
The synagogue's current site, at 39 Dickens Street, was purchased in the early 1950s by synagogue President Abe Sicree. A new synagogue building was constructed and dedicated at the site in 1957, in time for the High Holidays of that year. The following year Rabbi Chaim Gutnick was appointed Chief Minister of the synagogue, a position he held for some forty-five years until his retirement in 2003. A new school campus was constructed on synagogue premises by Moriah College of Elwood in the early 1960s. Following Moriah College's demise the campus was occupied by Mt Scopus Memorial College and later Yesodei HaTorah College. In 1973 the synagogue building was renovated and expanded to a seating capacity of 1068. In 2003 Rabbi Mordechai Gutnick succeeded his father Chaim as Chief Minister of the congregation.
In 2008 the Elwood Talmud Torah Hebrew Congregation celebrated its 75th anniversary. Federal member for Melbourne Ports Michael Danby, an Elwood resident, marked the occasion by paying tribute to the congregation in a speech before Australian Parliament on 16 October 2008, saying,
   "It is very fortuitous, when viewed in retrospect, that this congregation was formed by central and east European migrants prior to the Second World War. These were the very people who were able to look after the refugees and the displaced persons who came off the ships after the Second World War and who, subsequently, filled the pews at this very special Shule."
A similar tribute was delivered before Victorian Parliament by Martin Foley.
# El Ravah

The Ravah Party (Arabic: حزب الرفاه) is a minor political party in Mauritania led by Mohamed Ould Vall.

## History

The party won three seats in the 2013 parliamentary elections. However, it lost its seat in the 2018 elections, and failed to win a seat in the 2023 elections.
# Tikhonov (rural locality)

Tikhonov (Russian: Тихонов) is a rural locality (a khutor) in Dukmasovskoye Rural Settlement of Shovgenovsky District, the Republic of Adygea, Russia. The population was 375 as of 2018. There are six streets.

## Geography

Tikhonov is located 31 km (19 mi) west of Khakurinokhabl (the district's administrative centre) by road. Chikalov is the nearest rural locality.
# Athanasios Moutsios

Athanasios Moutsios (Greek: Αθανάσιος Μούτσιος; born 10 October 1978) is a retired Greek football midfielder.
# Pozar Baths

Pozar thermal baths (Greek: Λουτρά Πόζαρ) are located 32 km north of Edessa and 13 km west of Aridaia in the region of Macedonia, Greece.
The baths are naturally heated at 37 °C (99 °F) and are a popular tourist attraction in the cooler months.
# Volvarina ofeliae

Volvarina ofeliae is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Marginellidae, the margin snails.

## Distribution

This marine species occurs off South Africa, off Mossel Bay
# Yamanam

Yamanam is a 1992 Malayalam film, directed by Bharath Gopi, and starring Archana, Santha Devi, Syama and Nedumudi Venu.

## Plot

A physically disabled girl Ambili (Archana) is restricted to a wheelchair because of a childhood attack of polio. Unable to move out of home, she has only to fantasize the exteriors. She turns terribly introvert, fathoming the truth within and becoming positive towards people. She is skilled at making models and toys. She and her widowed mother are gradually sidelined in their own home by her brother Devan and his wife Raji. She and her mother feel isolated when her brother and wife leaves home. Then one of the house models made by Ambili is sold for a good sum, and she becomes more energetic about her work. A doctor proposes to marry Ambili, but she refuses because of the realization that his feeling are only based on sympathy.

## Awards

The film won the following awards:

### National Film Awards – 1992

* Best Film on Other Social Issues
* Best Supporting Actress – Santha Devi

### Kerala State Film Awards - 1991

* Best Background Music - G.Devarajan

## Cast

* Archana
* Ramachandran
* Santha Devi
* Nedumudi Venu
* Syama
# Nivolet Pass

The Nivolet Pass (; Italian: Colle del Nivolet or French: Col du Nivolet) is a mountain pass in the Eastern group of the Graian Alps in northern Italy. It is located at the top of the Orco Valley on the road from Turin to Ceresole Reale, in the Gran Paradiso National Park. Beyond the pass, the road terminates in the upper reaches of the eponymous Valsavarenche valley in the Gran Paradiso mountain group, before the valley descends to Valsavarenche and Villeneuve. The colle forms part of the boundary between the Aosta Valley and the Piedmont region. The highest point of the paved road is 2,641 metres (8,665 feet). Two artificial lakes, Serrù Lake and Agnel Lake, are located immediately below the pass.
The approach road from Agnel Lake was the location of several scenes in the film The Italian Job, including the iconic final bus crash.
# Jimmy Harrower (footballer, born 1935)

James Harrower (18 August 1935 – 28 November 2006) was a Scottish professional footballer.
Born in Alva, Clackmannanshire, Harrower played junior football for Sauchie, Kilsyth Rangers and Bo'ness United before starting his senior career with Hibernian. Liverpool manager Phil Taylor signed him for £11,000. He made his Liverpool debut on 11 January 1958 in a 2nd Division match at Anfield, Fulham were the visitors as Liverpool took the points with a 2–1 victory. The attacking midfielder scored his first goal on 28 March, as Liverpool beat Ipswich Town 3–1.
Harrower was a player with a knack of pulling off amazing trickery with the ball, but like so many players with this ability he lacked the consistency required to play at the highest level; in fact he used to irritate the Anfield crowd who knew what he could do but never saw enough of it. His best season at Liverpool was his first full season 1958–59: he missed just 5 matches and scored 6 goals. Unfortunately for James, the manager who signed him, Taylor, left the club at the end of the campaign and his replacement Bill Shankly decided that change was needed. James was vying for the inside-left position with Jimmy Melia, but midway through the campaign Shankly decided that Melia was the man for the job. Melia kept the position the following season and the future looked bleak for Harrower in a red shirt; in the March 1961 he was on his way, moving to Newcastle United.
He spent a year on Tyneside playing just 6 games, he then moved back to Scotland joining Falkirk. He also played for St Johnstone, Albion Rovers and Alloa Athletic. Harrower also represented Scotland at Under-23 level.
# Derazpey

Derazpey (Persian: درازپي, also Romanized as Derāzpey; also known as Dezh Asbī) is a village in Rezqabad Rural District, in the Central District of Esfarayen County, North Khorasan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 116, in 33 families.
# Thulabharam

Thulabharam (transl. Weighing scale) is a 1968 Indian Malayalam-language film, directed by A. Vincent. It is based on the Kerala People's Arts Club play of the same name, written by Thoppil Bhasi. Thoppil Bhasi also adapted the play for the screen. The film had an ensemble cast including Prem Nazir, Sharada, Madhu, Sheela, Thikkurisi Sukumaran Nair and Adoor Bhasi. The film won two National Awards. The film was a major blockbuster and following the Malayalam version, the film was made in Tamil (Thulabharam), Telugu (Manushulu Marali) and Hindi (Samaj Ko Badal Dalo), with Sharada playing lead roles in all versions.

## Plot

Two close friends, Vijaya and Vatsala had to part ways after Vatsala's father, a lawyer loses a case of Vijaya's father and it results in the latter's death. Vijaya marries Ramu, a trade union leader against her will. Ramu leads a union strike and is killed when the agitation turns violent. Vijaya's life becomes miserable and she kills her starving children, but she is arrested before being able to commit suicide. In the end, she is given the death penalty by the prosecution, led by her former dear friend Vatsala, who had become a famous lawyer in the meantime.

## Cast

* Prem Nazir as Ramu
* Sharada as Vijaya
* Madhu as Babu
* Sheela as Valsala
* Adoor Bhasi as Achuthan Nair
* Thikkurissy Sukumaran Nair as R. K. Menon
* Adoor Bhavani
* Baby Ranjani
* Kaduvakulam Antony
* N. Govindankutty
* Nellikode Bhaskaran
* Thoppil Krishna Pillai
* KPAC Khan

## Production

Thulabharam is an adaptation of the Kerala People's Arts Club play of the same name, written by Thoppil Bhasi.

## Soundtrack

The music was composed by G. Devarajan and the lyrics were written by Vayalar Ramavarma.
| No. | Song | Singers | Lyrics | Length (m:ss) |
| 1 | "Bhoomidevi Pushpiniyaayi" | P. Susheela, B. Vasantha | Vayalar Ramavarma | |
| 2 | "Katadichu" | K. J. Yesudas | Vayalar Ramavarma | 3:45 |
| 3 | "Nashtappeduvaan" | P. Jayachandran, Chorus | Vayalar Ramavarma | |
| 4 | "Omanathinkalinnonam" | K. J. Yesudas, P. Susheela | Vayalar Ramavarma | |
| 5 | "Omanathinkalinnonam" (Pathos) | P. Susheela | Vayalar Ramavarma | |
| 6 | "Prabhaatha Gopura" | K. J. Yesudas, S. Janaki | Vayalar Ramavarma | |
| 7 | "Thottu Thottilla" | K. J. Yesudas | Vayalar Ramavarma | |

## Remakes

The film's success prompted for three remakes with Sharada playing the same role in all versions. The Tamil film with the same name was made by Vincent himself with A. V. M. Rajan replacing Nazir. V. Madhusudhana Rao directed the Telugu and Hindi versions.

## Awards

The film won two awards at the 16th National Film Awards.
* National Film Award for Second Best Feature Film
* National Film Award for Best Actress – Sharada

### Filmfare Awards South

* Filmfare Award for Best Film - Malayalam won by Supriya Pictures (1968)
# William Nisbet of Dean

Sir William Nisbet of Dean (c. 1570 – c. 1630) was a 16th/17th century Scottish merchant who twice served as Provost of Edinburgh from 1616 to 1619 and 1622 to 1623.

## Life

He was the son of Henry Nisbet of Dean, Provost of Edinburgh in 1597/98, and his wife Jonet Bannatyne or Bellenden (d. 1621). His father died in 1608 and William inherited Dean House in western Edinburgh, extending it greatly.
He was twice Provost of Edinburgh (he pre-dated the use of the term Lord Provost). In 1616 he succeeded Sir John Arnot. He served a second term 1622/23. During his first term of office, in 1617, he would certainly have met and hosted King James VI, in his role as leader of the capital city, on this the King's only return to Edinburgh after the Union of the Crowns.
As Dean House lay in the parish of St Cuthberts Church he is buried there with his father.
Dean House was demolished in 1842 and the grounds used to create Dean Cemetery. It had been downsized in the 18th century and was by then quite modest in scale. A window pediment commemorates his first marriage to Jonet Williamson, carved with "S. W. N. - D. I. W." with their heraldry. A pediment for the door of the house is inscribed; "S. W. N. - D. K. D", for Sir William Nesbit and his second wife, Dame Katherine Dick. Painted vignettes from the ceiling of the long gallery were salvaged by Charles Kirkpatrick Sharpe and are now in the National Museum of Scotland and John Knox House, the subjects include Cain and Abel, Lot and his daughters, Judith, and other subjects.

## Family

William Nesbit married firstly Jonet Williamson (d. 1622) and secondly Katherine Dick (d. 1630) daughter of William Dick of Braid. He was older brother to Patrick Nisbet, Lord Eastbank (1583-1682) was created 1st Baronet of Dean (a baronet of Nova Scotia) in 1669.
His brother James Nisbet (1557-1621) married Marion Arnot, daughter of Sir John Arnot (also a Lord Provost of Edinburgh) and through this marriage inherited Lochend House near Restalrig, thereafter being known as James Nisbet of Restalrig.
The marriage lintels and other ornate stones from Dean House are preserved on the lower south terrace of Dean Cemetery.
# China Maritime Institute

The China Maritime Institute (CMI; Chinese: 中華航運學會) is a non-profit Taiwanese institute that engages in academic research on maritime and aviation issues. Founded on 11 July 1962, CMI is based in Taipei City, Taiwan.
CMI was founded by Professor Kuang Wang, a researcher on maritime affairs in both. The China and Taiwan.
The permanent president of honour for CMI is Professor Kuan Lin, who is also the founder of Pacific Star Group in Taiwan. The current chairman of the CMI is Professor Chih-Ching Chang of the National Taiwan Ocean University. The 17th Board members of CMI will held their posts for three years from May 27, 2011 until May 26, 2014.
CMI is the publisher of the Maritime Quarterly.
CMI has established a late Prof. Kuang Wang Scholarship Commission to support students to study in the six major maritime universities and colleges in Taiwan. These institutions include National Taiwan Ocean University, National Kaohsiung Marine University, National Penghu University, Chang Jung Christian University, Kainan University and Taipei College of Maritime Technology.
# Takht-e Zangi

Takht-e Zangi (Persian: تخت زنگي, also Romanized as Takht-e Zangī and Takht Zangī; also known as Takht-e Rangī) is a village in Zhavehrud Rural District, in the Central District of Kamyaran County, Kurdistan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 403, in 110 families. The village is populated by Kurds.
# Fury of the Pagans

Fury of the Pagans (Italian: La furia dei barbari, also known as The Fury of the Barbarians and Toryok), is a 1960 Italian adventure film directed by Guido Malatesta.

## Cast

* Edmund Purdom: Toryok
* Rossana Podestà: Leonora
* Livio Lorenzon: Kovo
* Daniele Vargas: Napur
* Andrea Fantasia: Nogaric
* Vittoria Febbi: Daritza
* Raffaella Carrà: Maritza
* Ljubica Jovic: Kathrina
# Constitutional Court of Tatarstan

The Constitutional Court of the Republic of Tatarstan (Russian: Конституционный Суд Республики Татарстан, Tatar: Татарстан Республикасы Конституция суды) was a subnational constitutional court of Tatarstan, a republic within Russia. The Court exercised constitutional control over regional laws adopted by the regional legislature and decrees of the Head of Tatarstan, being the court of single instance for such cases.
The Constitutional Court of Tatarstan was preceded by the Committee for Constitutional Supervision of the Tatar ASSR, established in 1990. The Court itself was established in 1992 after the adoption of the Constitution of the Republic of Tatarstan and the Law of the Republic of Tatarstan "On the Constitutional Court of the Republic of Tatarstan". However, the Court began its activity only in 2000.
The Court consisted of a president and five judges, all appointed by the State Council of the Republic of Tatarstan.
The Constitutional Court of the Republic of Tatarstan was disestablished by the 2020 amendments to the Constitution of Russia, among other constitutional and charter courts of the Russian federal subjects. In its place, a new advisory body has been established in the form of the Constitutional Council, which does not have any judicial powers.
During its operation, the Court has heard more than 300 cases, most of which were complaints from citizens regarding violations of their constitutional rights. Experts noted that the abolition of the Court would deprive Tatarstan of one branch of government and, coupled with the renaming of the position of President of Tatarstan to Head of Tatarstan, could lead to the complete loss of any remaining traces of sovereignty.

## List of Presidents of the Constitutional Court

* Saifikhan Nafiev (2000–2004)
* Viktor Demidov (2004–2014)
* Farkhat Khusnutdinov (2014–2022)
# Ölge

Ölge (Tatar: Өлге, romanized: Ölge) is a rural locality (a selo) in Kukmara District, Tatarstan. The population was 403 as of 2010. Ölge is located 6 km from Kukmara, district's administrative centre, and 144 km from Ԛazan, republic's capital, by road. The village already existed during the period of the Qazan Khanate. There are 4 streets in the village.
# Verin Shengavit

40°08′23″N 44°29′03″E﻿ / ﻿40.13972°N 44.48417°E﻿ / 40.13972; 44.48417
Verin Shengavit (Armenian: Վերին Շենգավիթ, also, Verin Shengavit’, Verkhniy Shinkovit, Verkhniy Shengavit, Shinkovit, Shingaīt, and Shengavit) is a part of Shengavit District in Yerevan, Armenia.
# IC 4462

IC 4462 is an elliptical galaxy located in the Boötes constellation. It is located 417 million light-years away from the Solar System and was found by Stephane Javelle on June 22, 1895 the same day he discovered IC 4461, a spiral galaxy. It is gravitationally interacting with IC 4461 and possibly might merge with the latter in the future. Both galaxies form Arp 95, which they are classified under galaxies that have elliptical companions. Sometimes the galaxy is confused with IC 4461.
# Qal'eh-ye Kuf

Qalʽeh-ye Kuf or Qala-e Kuf Persian: قلعه کوف is a village and Capital District Kuf Ab in Badakhshan Province in north-eastern Afghanistan.