OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# History of Dharmaśāstra

The History of Dharmaśāstra, with a subtitle "Ancient and Medieval Religious and Civil Law in India", is a monumental seven-volume work consisting of around 6,500 pages. It was authored by renowned Indologist Pandurang Vaman Kane. The first volume of the work was published in 1930 and the final one in 1962. The work is considered Kane's magnum opus in English.
This work researched the evolution of code of conduct in ancient and mediaeval India by looking into several texts and manuscripts compiled over the centuries. Dr Kane used the resources available at prestigious institutes such as the Asiatic Society of Mumbai and Bhandarkar Oriental Research Institute, among others. The work is known for its expanse and depth – ranging across diverse subjects such as the Mahabharata, the Puranas and Chanakya – including references to previously obscure sources. The richness in the work is attributed to his in-depth knowledge of Sanskrit. His success is believed to be an outcome of his objective study of the texts instead of deifying them.
Kane wrote the book Vyavaharamayukha and was in the process of writing an introductory passage on the history of Dharmaśāstra for this book, so that the reader would get an overall idea apart from the subject of the book. One thing led to another and this project snowballed into the major work that it is. All the same, he was categorical in saying that it is difficult to find an English equivalent of the word dharma. His output in the form of writings across the three languages of English, Sanskrit and Marathi span nearly 15,000 pages.
# Artashes Aznauryan

Artashes Vardani Aznauryan (Armenian: Արտաշես Վարդանի Ազնաուրյան; 19 September 1938 – 18 November 2022) was an Armenian doctor and politician. A member of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, he served as Minister of Health of the Armenian SSR from 1989 to 1990.
Aznauryan died on 18 November 2022, at the age of 84.
# Saint-Sornin-Leulac

Saint-Sornin-Leulac (French pronunciation:; Occitan: Sent Sòrnin) is a commune in the Haute-Vienne department in the Nouvelle-Aquitaine region in west-central France.

## Geography

The river Brame flows westward through the northern part of the commune.
# Kumachyovo

Kumachyovo or Kumachevo (Russian: Кумачёво; German: Kumehnen; Lithuanian: Kumėnai) is a rural settlement in Zelenogradsky District, Kaliningrad Oblast, Russia, part of the Pereslavskoye rural municipality. It is located on the Sambian Peninsula.

## History

The local Gothic church was built in 1390. In 1454, King Casimir IV Jagiellon incorporated the region to the Kingdom of Poland upon the request of the anti-Teutonic Prussian Confederation. After the subsequent Thirteen Years' War (1454–1466), it became a part of Poland as a fief held by the Teutonic Knights until 1525, and by Ducal Prussia afterwards.
From the 18th century it formed part of the Kingdom of Prussia, and from 1871 it was also part of the German Empire, within which it was located in the province of East Prussia. After Germany's defeat in World War II, in 1945, it passed to the Soviet Union. In the post-war period, the abandoned church gradually deteriorated.
# White Brotherhood

The White Brotherhood (French: Fraternité Blanche) was an urban society (or militia) of Toulouse established in 1211 during the episcopate of Folquet de Marselha, so-called from its members' habit of wearing white crosses on their chests. The society, called a "pious institution" by William of Puylaurens, was militant towards usurers (Jews) and Cathars, robbing them and destroying their homes. Most of the Whites came from the city proper. A Black Brotherhood, so-called in opposition to the White, was soon formed and the two factions went to war in the streets of Toulouse. According to Puylaurens:
   Daily the two parties would clash, banners flying, bristling with weapons, even with cavalry in evidence. Through the agency of His servant the bishop, Our Lord came to bring them, not a bad peace but a good war.
From the White Brotherhood Folquet selected 500 men-at-arms and sent them to aid the Albigensian Crusade in besieging Lavaur. The bishop even composed pro-Crusade sirventes for the troops to sing. Count Raymond VII, however, forbade the citizens to go and tried to force Folquet from the city. The White Brotherhood did go, however, and the bishop eventually left as well, to join the siege at Lavaur.
The White Brotherhood gained notoriety among the opponents of the Crusade. The troubadour Gavaudan wrote the song A la plus longa nuech de l'an in which he criticises the "foolish white people", almost certainly a reference to the Whites of Toulouse.

## Sources

* Kastner, Leo E. "Gavaudan's Crusade Song. (Bartsch, Grundriss, 174, 10)." The Modern Language Review, 26:2 (Apr., 1931), pp. 142–150.
* Oldenbourg, Zoe. Massacre at Montsegur: A History of the Albigensian Crusade. Sterling Publishing Company, 2006. ISBN 1-84212-428-5.
# Polymelus (mythology)

In Greek mythology, Polymelus or Polymelos (Ancient Greek: Πολύμηλον or Πολύμηλος, lit. 'with many sheep') may refer to multiple figures:
* Polymelos, suitor of Megara, mother of Ixion in one source. Together with another suitor, Phorbas, they slain Megara and, in vengeance, were murdered by the latter's son.
* Polymelos, son of Icarius and Asterodia, daughter of Eurypylus. He was the brother of Damasiclus (Amasiclus), Penelope and Laodice (Iphthime).
* Polymelus, a Lycian warrior, son of Argeas. He was killed by Patroclus.
* Polymelus, a Trojan prince as an illegitimate son of King Priam by one of his concubines.
# Meggy MacIntosh

Meggy MacIntosh is a children's historical novel by Elizabeth Janet Gray. Beginning in 1775, it follows the story of a young Scottish orphan who becomes involved with the American revolutionary cause in North Carolina despite her attachment to Flora MacDonald, a loyalist. The novel, illustrated by Marguerite de Angeli, was first published in 1930 and was a Newbery Honor recipient in 1931.
# Lake Hopschu

Lake Hopschu (German: Hopschusee) is a lake near Simplon Pass in the canton of Valais, Switzerland. Lake Hopschu is located in the area of the municipality of Simplon under the eastern flank of the Tochuhorn and directly on the watershed between the Rhone and the Po. Lake Hopschu is situated in a protected high bog.
Half a kilometer south-east of the lake, the symbol of the Simplon is the Stone Eagle monument, which was erected during World War II as a symbol for border protection and to commemorate active service by Mountain Brigade 11. The settlement Alp Hopsche is 140 meters southwest of Lake Hopschu. The buildings on the alp are now mainly used as holiday homes in summer.

## Photos

* Lake Hopschu and Mount Fletschhorn in summer time.
* Lake Hopschu and settlement Alp Hopsche
# BSC Spartak Moscow

BSC Spartak Moscow (Russian: ПФК «Спартак» Москва) is a professional beach soccer team associated with the soccer club FC Spartak Moscow based in Moscow, Russia. Their best result to date internationally was reaching the final of the 2020 Mundialito de Clubes.

## Current squad

Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.
| No. | Pos. | Nation | Player |
| 1 | GK | RUS | Denis Parkhomenko |
| 2 | MF | RUS | Yuri Kotov |
| 3 | DF | RUS | Andrey Novikov |
| 4 | MF | RUS | Alexey Makarov |
| 5 | FW | BLR | Aleh Hapon |
| 6 | DF | RUS | Alexey Pavlenko (captain) |
| 7 | DF | RUS | Anton Shkarin |
| 8 | MF | BRA | Jordan |
| No. | Pos. | Nation | Player |
| 10 | MF | BRA | Paulinho |
| 11 | FW | IRN | Mohammad Ahmadzade |
| 15 | DF | RUS | Vladimir Raskin |
| 17 | MF | RUS | Maxim Egorov |
| 19 | DF | BLR | Mikita Chaikouski |
| 20 | FW | RUS | Fedor Zemskov |
| 32 | FW | RUS | Valery Balandin |
Head coach: Dmitry Nezhelev

## Notable former players

* Bruno Xavier da Silva
# John Bowle (historian)

John Edward Bowle (19 December 1905 – 17 September 1985) was an English historian and writer.

## Education

He was educated at Marlborough College. There his contemporaries included John Betjeman, who became a friend, and Anthony Blunt, about whom he was consistently negative. He was an undergraduate at Balliol College, Oxford, where he was counted as an Aesthete. Bowle left Oxford with a Third in Modern History, 1927.

## Career

After his education, Bowle became a teacher, at Westminster School and Eton College. He had worked briefly for Horace Plunkett, a position he had pushed Betjeman out of (1929).
During World War II, he worked for the Air Ministry and the Foreign Office, and later took to writing books about British history. He became a lecturer at Wadham College, Oxford, 1947-49.
He then took up an appointment in 1949 as Director of the Preparatory Session of the College of Europe at Bruges, where from 1950 to 1967, he became Professor of Political Theory. He became a visiting professor at Columbia University. New York City, Grinnell College, Iowa, the Occidental College in Los Angeles, and Indiana University.
In 1968 he was visiting lecturer at Smith College, Massachusetts.
# The Last World

The Last World (German: Die letzte Welt) is a 1988 novel by the Austrian writer Christoph Ransmayr. Set in an inconsistent time period, it tells the story of a man, Cotta, who travels to Tomi to search for the poet Naso, who had settled there in political exile, after hearing rumours that Naso has died. In the town, Cotta encounters a number of characters from Ovid's Metamorphoses. The Last World was published in English in 1990, translated by John E. Woods.

## Reception

Kirkus Reviews called the book an "ambitious, stylish historical work". Robert Irwin wrote in The New York Times: "This remarkable second novel by Christoph Ransmayr, a young Austrian novelist, carries the conviction of an ominous dream". Irwin first compared it to the works of surrealist painters, after which he wrote: "But the shape-shifting world in which Cotta conducts his quest owes more to Latin literature than to Surrealist theory. ... The Last World, with its careful anachronisms and deformations, is a brilliant exercise in alternative literary history."
Richard Eder of the Los Angeles Times described the book as a "powerful allegory of rise, fall and change", and wrote:
   There is nothing Olympian or didactic about Ransmayr's parable. It is told at extremes, in harsh images and bleak ellipses. It is strung along mysteries—Where is Ovid? Who are the townspeople whom Cotta encounters in Tomi?—and its tone is grotesque and frozen by turns.
Eder saw a flaw in how the townspeople of Tomi, unlike the characters in Metamorphoses, fail to become touching to the reader, which makes the story "wooden". Eder wrote: "As a parable, nonetheless, it has a vivid and unsettling force."
The English translation was awarded the 1991 Schlegel-Tieck Prize from the Society of Authors.
# Wapta Icefield

The Wapta Icefield is a series of glaciers located on the Continental Divide in the Waputik Mountains of the Canadian Rockies, in the provinces of British Columbia and Alberta, in Yoho National Park in the Canadian Rockies. The icefield is shared by Banff and Yoho National Parks and numerous outlet glaciers extend from the icefield, including the Vulture, Bow and Peyto Glaciers. Runoff from the icefields and outlet glaciers supply water to both the Kicking Horse and Bow Rivers, as well as numerous streams and lakes.
The icefield is one of the most studied in the Canadian Rockies and all evidence supports the conclusion that the icefield is shrinking in area, especially near the lowest altitudes of its outlet glaciers, including Peyto Glacier, in which the glacier has become both shorter in length and thinner in thickness. In the 1980s the icefield covered an area of approximately 80 km$^2$ (30 sq mi).
The glaciers popular with climbers accessible in both summer and winter. Both ski trips in the winter and glacier hiking trips in the summer often combine a traverse of this icefield with a trip across the Waputik Icefield directly to the south.
The Burgess shale animal Waptia takes its name from these features. Their meltwater feeds the nearby Wapta falls.

## Glaciers

These are the glaciers that are part of this icefield:
* Peyto Glacier
* Bow Glacier
* Yoho Glacier
* Vulture Glacier
The Crowfoot Glacier which was once connected to this icefield is no longer part of the Wapta Icefields.

## Huts

There are five huts which provide accommodation to mountaineers on the Wapta Icefield that are operated by the Alpine Club of Canada.
* Bow Hut
* Peter and Catharine Whyte Hut (Peyto Hut)
* Balfour Hut
* Louise and Richard Guy Hut
* Scott Duncan Hut
# The Wooden Leg of Inspector Anders

The Wooden Leg of Inspector Anders (1999) is a crime novel by Australian author Marshall Browne. It won the 2000 Ned Kelly Award for Best First Novel.

## Plot summary

This novel is the first of the author's series of novels about Inspector Anders of the Rome police force.
Ten years before the book begins Anders closed down an anarchist group and lost his leg in the action. Now he has been provided with one last case before his early retirement, an investigation into the murder of a well-respected judge in southern Italy. Anders becomes deeply involved with both the judge's widow and the all-pervading corruption surrounding the investigation as he works towards a conclusion.

## Awards and nominations

* 2000 winner Ned Kelly Award — Best First Novel
* 2002 shortlisted The Los Angeles Times Book Prize

## Publishing history

After the novel's initial publication by Duffy & Snellgrove in 1999, it was also published as follows:
* Thomas Dunne Books, 1999, USA
It was later translated into Lithuanian.
# Kutak-e Mohammad Karim

Kutak-e Mohammad Karim (Persian: كوتك محمدكريم, also Romanized as Kūtak-e Moḩammad Karīm; also known as Kūtak-e Bālā and Kūtak-e ‘Olyā) is a village in Dodangeh Rural District, in the Central District of Behbahan County, Khuzestan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 104, in 22 families.
# First Engineer Bridge

The First Engineer Bridge (Russian: Первый Инженерный мост, Pervy Inzhenerny most) is one of several Russian bridges that span the Moika River in Saint Petersburg. The bridge is one of a group of four bridges located near the Mars Field, and opposite the main entrance to the Summer Garden, spanning the Moika River, the Fontanka River, and the Swan Canal in the historic center of the city. The First Engineer Bridge is one of the most decorative of Saint Petersburg's more than 500 bridges.
The original small wooden bridge, called the Summer Bridge and rumored to have been designed by the architect Bartolomeo Rastrelli, was built in the 1760s. This bridge was replaced with the current cast-iron bridge, in 1824-1825, and renamed the First Engineer Bridge, in 1829, after the nearby Engineers' Castle (originally called St Michael's or Mikhailovsky Castle).
Engineer Pierre-Dominique Bazaine (1786-1838) (Пётр Петрович Базен) designed and constructed the bridge in a similar fashion to the Big Stables Bridge (Bolshoy Konyushenny Bridge), a bridge located further west on the Moika River, using pre-fabricated hollow wedges. Bazaine also managed to reduce the use of expensive cast-iron in the bridge's construction to one-third of the total mass of the bridge, by innovatively designing the sidewalks with the use of special bracket supports.
The siding is decorated in Doric style by architect I.I. "Joseph" Charlemagne. The beams have a curved and perforated appearance, and the bridge's rectangular orifices are bordered with flat frames, giving the bridge an appearance of lightness and transparency. The bridge's sidewalk tiles were designed as a cornice and are supported by rich ornamental bracket figures.
Intricately inscribed plaques with grooves extend from the figures on frieze planes, in the style of Doric triglyph coverings. The triglyphs cover the joints of the side plaques. Cast-iron arches span closely behind. The railings, also designed by Charlemagne, comprise several sections of short pilums, placed between bouquets of decorations and inscriptions of round shields, with bas-relief images of the heads of Medusa, with the Gorgon's snaky locks for hair.
In 1994, a small bronze statue of Chizhik-Pyzhik was installed on a ledge in the embankment, opposite the Imperial School of Jurisprudence near the First Engineer Bridge. The statue has since been repeatedly stolen.
# Brodequin (band)

Brodequin is an American death metal band from Knoxville, Tennessee, United States. Formed in 1998 by brothers Mike and Jamie Bailey, the band has released four albums and two EPs, their latest release being Harbinger of Woe, which was released in 2024.

## Themes

The band's name was selected by bassist/vocalist Jamie Bailey. It is inspired by the medieval torture device of the same name. Torture devices in general are referred to frequently in the group's lyrical content. While lyrics describing dismemberment, torture, murder, and abuse are unsurprising in death metal, Brodequin is unusual in exploring such phenomena within a historical context. Jamie Bailey is a history graduate and most of his lyrics are inspired by real historical events.

## Members
### Current members

* Jamie Bailey - bass, vocals (1998-2008, 2015-present)
* Mike Bailey - guitars (1998-2008, 2015-2016, ?-present)
* Joaquin Chavez - guitars (2016-present)
* Brennan Shackelford - drums (2020-present)

### Former members

* Chad Walls - drums (1998-2002)
* Jon Engman - drums (2002-2005, 2015-2016)
* Henning Paulsen - drums (2005-2008)
* Jan Van Lugtenburg - drums (2016-2020)

## Discography
### Studio albums

* Instruments of Torture (2000)
* Festival of Death (2001)
* Methods of Execution (2004)
* Harbinger of Woe (2024)

### EPs

* Prelude to Execution (2003)
* Perpetuation of Suffering (2021)

### Demo albums

* Brodequin (1999)

### Split albums

* Created to Kill (with Drowning, Aborted, and Misery Index) (2002)
* Prelude to Execution/Stop the Madness (with Tears of Decay) (2004)
# University of Oum El Bouaghi

University of Oum El Bouaghi (Arabic: جامعة أم البواقي) or Larbi Ben M'hidi University of Oum El Bouaghi (Arabic: جامعةالعربي بن مهيدي بأم البواقي, is a university located in Algeria in the Oum El Bouaghi Province. It was established in 2013.
# Eric Platford

Eric Platford (1883 - 20 November 1938) was an English engineer and a Rolls-Royce pioneer. Platford had an illustrious career with Rolls-Royce.
Platford was employed by Henry Royce and assisted in the construction of Royce's first car from his factory in Cooke Street, Manchester. In 1906 he won the Isle of Man Tourist Trophy as onboard mechanic alongside Hon Charles Rolls. In 1913, he took third place in the first Spanish Grand Prix having led the race. He conceded first place on team orders.
In 1919, Platford prepared the Rolls-Royce Eagle engines in St. John's, Newfoundland for the first successful non-stop transatlantic flight, by Alcock & Brown.

## Early life

Platford was born in 1883 in Manchester, England. His father worked in banking but died when Eric was 6 months old. He attended Cheadle Hulme School and became an apprentice at Royce Limited at the age of 17.
# San Guillermo Airport

San Guillermo Airport (Spanish: Aeropuerto San Guillermo), (ICAO: SCGI) is an airport 8 kilometres (5.0 mi) northwest of Retiro, a town in the Maule Region of Chile.
# Jawor Castle

Jawor Castle (Polish: Zamek w Jaworze, German: Schloss Jauer) is a castle in Jawor, Poland.
The first castle was a wooden stronghold; later, Duke Bolesław the Tall built a stone tower house.
The castle has been a seat of both the Piast dynasty and the Duchy of Jawor-Świdnica. Several politically significant events took place in the castle during the Middle Ages. In 1648, the castle saw damage when it was besieged by soldiers loyal to the Holy Roman Empire, but it was renovated later during the same century (1663-65). Another renovation was carried out in 1705, when the clock tower was repaired.
Later during the 18th century, Frederick the Great converted the castle into a prison, a role which it would keep until 1956. Until 1821, it also housed an asylum for mentally ill. After 1888, the hitherto all-male prison became an all-female prison, and stayed in this capacity until 1945. During World War II, it was used as such also by the German authorities who among others imprisoned several French women here. A memorial commemorating them has been erected in the castle courtyard. After 1945, it housed political prisoners and former soldiers of the Home Army.

## Gallery

* Castle as seen from the river
* Industrial background
* Main gate
* One side of the courtyard (2019)
* Other side of the courtyard (2019)
# Trokhizbenka

Trokhizbenka (Ukrainian: Трьохізбенка; Russian: Трёхизбенка) is a village in Shchastia urban hromada, Shchastia Raion (district) in Luhansk Oblast of eastern Ukraine, at about 25 km NW from the centre of Luhansk city, on the left bank of the Siverskyi Donets.

## History

The settlement was founded by the Don Cossacks in the first half of the 17th century.

### War in Donbas

The village was occupied by pro-Russian troops in the spring of 2014. On 11 July 2014 Ukrainian troops took the village under their control and set up a checkpoint near the bridge over the river. The bridge was blown up on 3 September 2014. The war caused both civilian and military casualties. On 25 February 2022, the day after the Russian invasion of Ukraine, the Russian Ministry of Defense announced that Trokhizbenka had been captured as part an offensive by the forces of the Luhansk People's Republic.

## Demographics

Native language as of the Ukrainian Census of 2001:
* Russian: 98.49%
* Ukrainian 1.44%
# Havarlı

Havarlı, also Gavarly (Armenian: Հավարիք or Հավարիկ Havarikʿ or Havarik) is a village and municipality in the Yevlakh Rayon of Azerbaijan. It has a population of 3,362. The municipality consists of the villages of Havarlı and Əxşam.

## Notable natives

* Malik Asadov — National Hero of Azerbaijan.
# Oleksandr Surutkovych

Oleksandr Surutkovytch (Ukrainian: Олександр Суруткович; born 8 January 1984 in Odesa) is a Ukrainian-Azerbaijani former professional road cyclist.

## Major results
### 2005

    2nd Overall Tour of Romania

### 2006

    1st Time trial, Ukrainian National Under-23 Road Championships

### 2010

    Kerman Tour
       1st Stages 3 & 4
    7th Overall Tour of Romania
    8th Overall Tour du Maroc
    8th Emirates Cup

### 2011

    7th Overall Tour of Alanya
    10th Overall Tour of Gallipoli

### 2012

    Azerbaijani National Road Race Championships
       1st Road race
       2nd Time trial

### 2013

    2nd Overall Tour d'Azerbaïdjan

### 2015

    1st Mountains classification Tour d'Azerbaïdjan

### 2016

    2nd Belgrade–Banja Luka I
    3rd Belgrade–Banja Luka II
    8th Horizon Park Classic
    8th Grand Prix of Vinnytsia
# Kulevcha rural hromada

Kulevcha rural hromada (Ukrainian: Кулевчанська сільська громада) is a hromada in Bilhorod-Dnistrovskyi Raion of Odesa Oblast in southwestern Ukraine. Population: 5,785 (2020 est.)
The hromada consists of 4 villages:
* Kostiantynivke
* Kulevcha (seat of administration)
* Rozivka
* Serhiivka