OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Particle (ecology)

In marine and freshwater ecology, a particle is a small object. Particles can remain in suspension in the ocean or freshwater. However, they eventually settle (rate determined by Stokes' law) and accumulate as sediment. Some can enter the atmosphere through wave action where they can act as cloud condensation nuclei (CCN). Many organisms filter particles out of the water with unique filtration mechanisms (filter feeders). Particles are often associated with high loads of toxins which attach to the surface. As these toxins are passed up the food chain they accumulate in fatty tissue and become increasingly concentrated in predators (see bioaccumulation). Very little is known about the dynamics of particles, especially when they are re-suspended by dredging. They can remain floating in the water and drift over long distances. The decomposition of some particles by bacteria consumes much oxygen and can cause the water to become hypoxic.

## Particle analysis

Particle levels in water (or air) can be measured with a turbidity meter and analyzed with a particle counter. They can also be scanned with an underwater microscope, such as ecoSCOPE.

## Contaminant kinetics

It takes a few days until plankton organisms have filtered the particles and incorporated the toxins into their body fat and tissue: In the southwards flow of the waters of the Hudson off the coast of New Jersey, the highest levels of mercury in copepods have not been found directly in front of the river off New York but 150 km south, off Atlantic City.
Many copepods are then captured by mysidae, krill and smallest fish like the juveniles of atlantic herring - and in each step of the foodchain the toxin concentrations increase by the factor of 10.
Filter of krill: The first degree filter setae carry in v-form two rows of second degree setae, pointing towards the inside of the feeding basket. The purple ball is one micrometer in size. To display the total area of this fascinating particle filtration structure one would have to tile 7500 times this image.
Filter basket of a mysid. These 3 cm long animals live close to shore and hover above the sea floor, constantly collecting particles. Mysids are an important food source for herring, cod, flounder, striped bass. In polluted areas they have high toxin levels in their tissue but they are very robust and require much poison to die.
vteAquatic ecosystems :
General components and freshwater ecosystems :
Marine ecosystems :
Lakes portal
Oceans portal
Category :
# Krasnyi Lyman, Luhansk Oblast

Krasnyi Lyman (Ukrainian: Красний Лиман; Russian: Красный Лиман) is a village in Zymohiria urban hromada, Alchevsk Raion (district), Luhansk Oblast (region), Ukraine, about 30 km NW from Luhansk.
The settlement was taken under control of pro-Russian forces during the War in Donbass that started in 2014.
# Kalinovka, Kamensky District, Altai Krai

Kalinovka (Russian: Калиновка) is a rural locality (a settlement) in Plotnikovsky Selsoviet, Kamensky District, Altai Krai, Russia. The population was 67 as of 2013. There are 2 streets.

## Geography

Kalinovka is located 45 km south of Kamen-na-Obi (the district's administrative centre) by road. Lugovoye is the nearest rural locality.
# Moryllus

Moryllus or Moryllos (Ancient Greek: Μόρυλλος) was a town of ancient Macedonia, placed by Ptolemy in the otherwise obscure district of Paraxia, then assumed to be in the district of Anthemus, but now it is placed, thanks to an inscription, in the interior Mygdonia or Crestonia, near modern Ano Apostoli, Kilkis prefecture. The only attested citizens of Moryllus are two Delphic theorodokoi, Hadymos and Seleukos sons of Argaios (c. 230-220 BCE).
The site of Moryllus is located near modern Ano Apostoli.
# Chuck Kim

Chuck Kim (born January 20, 1984) is an American retired soccer player.

## Career

At the age of 18, during his senior year at Beverly Hills High School, Kim left to play for Pittsburgh Riverhounds SC in the American second division.
After that, he played for Alemannia Aachen in the German Bundesliga II and Lierse S.K. in the Belgian top flight.
Later, Kim joined the American second division again, playing for California Victory.
# Dorolț

Dorolț (Hungarian: Pusztadaróc, Hungarian pronunciation:) is a commune with 3,760 inhabitants situated in Satu Mare County, Romania. It is composed of four villages: Atea (Atya), Dara (Szamosdara), Dorolț and Petea (Pete).

## Demographics

Ethnic groups (2011 census):
* Hungarians: (87.6%)
* Romanians: (5.4%)
* Romanies (Gypsies): (6.8%)
According to mother tongue, 95.24% of the population speak Hungarian as their first language.
# Valeriy Kudryashov

Valeriy Valeriyovych Kudriashov (Ukrainian: Валерій Валерійович Кудряшов) is a Ukrainian sailor. He competed at the 2012 Summer Olympics in the Men's Laser class.
# Chetostoma curvinerve

Chetostoma curvinerve is a species of tephritid or fruit flies in the genus Chetostoma of the family Tephritidae.
# Andriyenko

Andriyenko or Andriienko (Ukrainian: Андрієнко) is a gender-neutral Ukrainian surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Denys Andriyenko (born 1980), Ukrainian footballer
* Mykhailo Andriienko-Nechytailo (1894–1982), Ukrainian painter
# Lord Howe Island Airport

Lord Howe Island Airport (IATA: LDH, ICAO: YLHI) is an airport providing air transportation to Lord Howe Island. It is operated by the Lord Howe Island Board. Prior to its opening in September 1974, Lord Howe Island was served by flying boats from Rose Bay Water Airport. The pending cessation of flying boat operations prompted the NSW Government and the then Australian Department of Transport to engage the Australian Army Corps of Engineers to build a grass runway, thus allowing land-based aircraft to operate to the island.

## Light aircraft transit

Lord Howe Island (along with Norfolk Island) is an important transit and refueling point for light aircraft flying between Australia and New Zealand. Located 600 km (373 mi) to the west is the Australian mainland, and 900 km (559 mi) to the east is Norfolk Island Airport which is within range of New Zealand to the southeast and New Caledonia to the north. These countries are within the range of many light aircraft when fitted with extra fuel tanks and operating via the two islands, but not while flying directly between them. From New Caledonia, other Pacific nations such as Vanuatu and Fiji are within range and can be used as further 'stepping stones' to other South Pacific and North Pacific destinations.

## Facilities

The airport's elevation above mean sea level is 17 ft (5 m) and it has one runway, measuring 886 m × 30 m (2,907 ft × 98 ft).

## Airlines and destinations

| Airlines | Destinations |
| Eastern Air Services | Gold Coast, Newcastle, Port Macquarie |
| QantasLink | Sydney (ends 25 February 2026) |
| Skytrans | Sydney (begins 26 February 2026) |

## Statistics

Lord Howe Island Airport served 33,385 revenue passengers during financial year 2009–2010, ranking it 64th amongst airports in Australia.
# Aziz Tamoyan

Aziz Amari Tamoyan (Armenian: Ազիզ Ամարի Թամոյան; July 1, 1933 in Zovuni, Armenia – January 2, 2021) was a Yazidi politician and the president of the Yezidi National Union in Armenia.
On September 30, 1989, he was elected chairman of the National Union of Yazidis of Armenia, and in 1997 he became chairman of the National Union of Yazidis of the World.
# Harry Oliver (footballer)

Henry Spoors Oliver (16 February 1921 – 11 January 1994) was an English professional footballer. He played at full back and centre half in the Football League for Hartlepools United, Brentford and Watford. He also played competitive football for Houghton Colliery Welfare and Canterbury City and represented England as a schoolboy.

## Career

Born in Sunderland, Oliver played for the England schoolboys team, as well as for Houghton Colliery Welfare. He joined Hartlepools United—then in the Football League Third Division North—as a 16-year-old, and turned professional shortly after his 17th birthday. However, he did not remain there for long; after only 9 league games Oliver transferred to Brentford, who at the time were in the First Division, in 1938 for a £1500 fee. Unfortunately for Oliver, the Football League was suspended in 1939 due to the Second World War, and did not resume until 1946. During this period he played guest wartime football for Leeds United and York City.
In the first two seasons following the resumption of peacetime football, Oliver made 18 league appearances for Brentford. He transferred to Watford for a fee of £2,000 in May 1948, although Benskins brewery paid the money on Watford's behalf. Under the management of Eddie Hapgood, Ron Gray and Haydn Green, Oliver made 122 Watford appearances in the Third Division South, and a further 6 in the FA Cup, scoring four penalties. He joined Canterbury City at the end of the 1951–52 season, and remained there until his retirement in 1956.
Oliver died in the city of his birth on 11 January 1994, aged 72.

## Personal life

Oliver served in the Merchant Navy during the Second World War.
# Ararat Harutyunyan

Ararat Harutyunyan (Armenian: Արարատ Հարությունյան; born 24 August 1975) is an Armenian retired footballer. He last worked as the sporting director of Armenian Premier League club Shirak. While working for Shirak, Harutyunyan was banned for life from professional football, following a match fixing scandal in May 2018.

## National team statistics

Armenia national team :
| Year | Apps | Goals |
| 2000 | 3 | 0 |
| 2001 | 2 | 0 |
| 2002 | 1 | 0 |
| 2003 | 1 | 0 |
| Total | 7 | 0 |
# Catalina, Covasna

Catalina (Hungarian: Szentkatolna, Hungarian pronunciation:) is a commune in Covasna County, Transylvania, Romania, composed of five villages: Catalina, Hătuica (Hatolyka), Imeni (Imecsfalva), Mărcușa (Kézdimárkosfalva), and Mărtineni (Kézdimártonfalva).

## Geography

The commune is located in the east-central part of Covasna County, just south of Târgu Secuiesc and 35 km (22 mi) northeast of the county seat, Sfântu Gheorghe. It lies at an altitude of 551 m (1,808 ft), on the banks of Râul Negru and its tributaries, the rivers Cașin and Ghelința. Catalina is crossed by county roads DJ121, which connects the town of Covasna, 15 km (9.3 mi) to the south, to Târgu Secuiesc, and DJ121F, which connects it to Cernat, 13 km (8.1 mi) to the west.

## History

The settlement formed part of the Székely Land region of the historical Transylvania province. Until 1918, it belonged to the Háromszék County of the Kingdom of Hungary. In the immediate aftermath of World War I, following the declaration of the Union of Transylvania with Romania, the area passed under Romanian administration during the Hungarian–Romanian War of 1918–1919. By the terms of the Treaty of Trianon of 1920, it became part of the Kingdom of Romania. In 1925, the commune fell in Plasa Târgu Secuiesc of Trei Scaune County. In August 1940, under the auspices of Nazi Germany, which imposed the Second Vienna Award, Hungary retook the territory of Northern Transylvania (which included Catalina) from Romania. Towards the end of World War II, however, the commune was taken back from Hungarian and German troops by Romanian and Soviet forces in September–October 1944. In 1950, after Communist Romania was established, Brateș became part of the Târgu Secuiesc Raion of Stalin Region. From 1952 and 1960, it was part of the Magyar Autonomous Region, and between 1960 and 1968 it reverted to Brașov Region. In 1968, when Romania was reorganized based on counties rather than regions, the commune became part of Covasna County.

## Natives

* Benedek Bálint [hu] (1860–1920), graphic designer
* Gábor Bálint (1844–1913), linguist
* Gabriel Kicsid (born 1948), handball player
* Vasile Luca (1898–1963), communist politician

## Demographics

The commune has an absolute Székely Hungarian majority. According to the 2011 census, it had a population of 3,378, of which 97.9% were Hungarians and 1.04% Romanians. At the 2021 census, Catalina had a population of 3,200, of which 90.34% were Hungarian, 4.78% Roma, and 1.72% Romanians.
# Shah Zileh

Shah Zileh (Persian: شاه زيله, also Romanized as Shāh Zīleh and Shāhzilleh; also known as Mehdīyeh and Kalāt-e Maleḵ) is a village in Khusf Rural District, Central District, Khusf County, South Khorasan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 465, in 144 families.
# Khaneqah-e Gilavan

Khaneqah-e Gilavan (Persian: خانقاه گيلوان, also Romanized as Khāneqāh-e Gīlavān; also known as Kanaga, Kanjeh, Khānehqāh, Khāneqāh, and Khānehqāh-e Gīlavān) is a village in Shal Rural District, Shahrud District, Khalkhal County, Ardabil Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 112, in 40 families.
# Miracle Laurie

Miracle Laurie (born August 1, 1981) is an American actress, best known for portraying Mellie on the Joss Whedon drama Dollhouse.

## Career

Laurie started towards a professional acting career at Orange Coast College, where she was part of the student-run repertory theatre. She also appeared in several faculty-directed shows at the school. Notable roles from this period include Belle Starr and other female roles in Jessie and the Bandit Queen in 2000 and Ariel in William Shakespeare's The Tempest in 2001.
Laurie's first credited TV role was sorority sister Veronica in "Team", a 2004 episode of Medical Investigation. In 2009, she played Elsa in the pilot episode of The Cabonauts.
That same year, Joss Whedon cast Laurie in his show Dollhouse, which depicted a secret corporation that recruits troubled young people, stores their memories in a computer, wipes their minds (turning them into "dolls"), imprints them with new personalities, and rents them to wealthy people for special assignments. Her first major dramatic role, Laurie played a supporting character named Mellie. She also dances and plays the ukulele in Uke Box Heroes, a ukulele cover band that she co-formed with her husband.
Laurie and her mother, Cathy Anne, appeared as members of the audience in the October 6, 2010 episode of The Late Late Show with Craig Ferguson, and participated in Ferguson's opening monologue during the cold open.

## Filmography
### Film

| Year | Title | Role | Notes |
| 2012 | Wyatt Earp's Revenge | Fannie Garretson | video |
| 2012 | Any Day Now | Monica | |
| 2012 | 100,000 Zombie Heads | Blazcaff | |
| 2013 | Scenic Route | Joanne | |
| 2014 | Lust for Love | Jenny | |
| 2014 | Any Other Friday | Cindy | Short |
| 2017 | Nobility | Alethes | |
| 2017 | Watch the Sky | Laura Neary | |
| 2018 | Insane Jane: Taco Tuesday | Jane Travers / Avenging Star | Short |
| 2019 | 2177: The San Francisco Love Hacker Crimes | Det. Lister | |
| | Mesmerized | Sara Hawthorne | Post-production |

### Television

| Year | Title | Role | Notes |
| 2004 | Medical Investigation | Veronica | Episode: "Team" |
| 2009 | The Cabonauts | Elsa | Episode: "Pilot" |
| 2009–2010 | Dollhouse | November | Recurring role |
| 2011 | Goodnight Burbank | Elizabeth Chivers | Main role |
| 2012 | Singled Out | Mak | TV film |
| 2013 | Shelf Life | Nunja | Episodes: "Hero Worship", "Pristine", "Shelf of the Dead, Part 1" |
| 2014 | Corporate | Samantha Adams | TV film |
| 2015 | Scary Endings | Amber | Episode: "Yummy Meat: A Halloween Carol" |
| 2015 | Gen Zed | Christine (voice) | TV series |
| 2022 | The Afterparty | Quiet Heather | TV series, 3 episodes |
# Sabrina Horvat

Sabrina Horvat (born 3 July 1997) is an Austrian footballer who plays as a defender for German ÖFB-Frauenliga club FFC Vorderland and the Austria women's national team.

## Honours
### Basel

* Swiss Super League; runner-up: 2017/18

### Köln

* 2. Frauen-Bundesliga (1): 2020/21

### Vorderland

* ÖFB Cup; runner-up: 2022/23
# Harry Pitts (footballer)

Harold Frederick Pitts (29 April 1915 – 1998) was an English footballer who played as a full-back.

## Career

In 1931, Pitts joined Fulham. After failing to establish himself in the first team, Pitts joined Working. In 1935, following a spell at Islington Corinthians, Pitts re-signed for Fulham, making 10 Football League appearances for the club over the course of four years. In 1939, Pitts signed for Chelmsford City, remaining with the club until the 1945–46 season.
# Harry Pringle

Henry Pringle (8 April 1900 – 8 January 1965) was an English professional footballer who scored 60 goals from 292 appearances in the Football League playing as a forward for Lincoln City.

## Football career

Pringle was born in Perkinsville, County Durham. He began his football career with Craghead United, and was briefly on the books of Arsenal before returning to the north-east to play for Chester-le-Street Town. In 1922, Pringle joined Lincoln City. He made his debut on 26 August 1922 in a 3–1 defeat away to Halifax Town in the Football League Third Division North. Pringle finished the 1922–23 season as the club's joint leading scorer alongside Tommy Griffiths, though the pair scored only seven goals apiece. Two years later, Pringle was again Lincoln's top scorer, with 15 goals from League and FA Cup games. In all, he remained with the club for twelve seasons, becoming the first player to play in more than 300 League and FA Cup games for Lincoln City, finishing with 64 goals from 315 games, and set a club record (since broken) of 292 appearances in the Football League. He married the daughter of a director of the club.
His playing style was described as that of "an enthusiastic team man, a hard working forager and provider for others, but never a great shot. His best displays have been given on heavy grounds, as apparently he experiences some difficulty in controlling a light ball."
Pringle left Lincoln City in 1934 to become Grantham's first player-manager. As player, he scored on his debut in the Midland League, and played at least occasionally until 1940. As manager, he led the club to the First Round Proper of the 1935–36 FA Cup, and won the Lincolnshire Senior Cup in 1937 for only the second time in the club's history. However, Grantham's financial problems meant he stepped down as manager at the start of the 1937–38 season, but stayed with the club as trainer for a further 14 years. During the 1950s Pringle acted as trainer for the works team of Aveling Barford, the Grantham-based manufacturer of steamrollers.
Pringle died in Grantham in 1965 at the age of 64.
# Sangro River War Cemetery

Sangro River War Cemetery (Italian: Cimitero britannico di Torino di Sangro) is a British and Commonwealth war cemetery sited by a hillside near Torino di Sangro in the Province of Chieti, Italy.
In this cemetery are buried 2,542 soldiers from the United Kingdom and the British Commonwealth who died in World War II defending the shoreline near the Sangro River against the retreating German soldiers on the Winter Line.
Within the cemetery is the Sangro River Cremation Memorial, which commemorates 517 Indian soldiers cremated in accordance with their faith. The marble gravestones are arranged in such a way as to form a kind of amphitheatre.
A path follows a row of magnolias to the Croce del Sacrificio ("Cross of Sacrifice"). Another path follows a hawthorn hedge to the Porta della Rimembranza ("Door of Remembrance").
The numbers of burials are as follows:
* United Kingdom: 1,768
* Canada: 2
* Australia: 3
* New Zealand: 355
* South Africa: 74
* India: 335
* Other states: 5
* Unknown soldiers: 75
Amongst the burials lies Major John Anderson (1918–1943) who received the Victoria Cross for action at Longstop Hill, Tunisia, in April 1943.
# Harry Roberts (footballer, born 1904)

Harry Roberts (27 June 1904 – 18 May 1968) was an English professional footballer who made 409 appearances in the Football League playing for Leeds United, Plymouth Argyle and Bristol Rovers. He played as a right back.
Roberts was born in Crofton, in what is now West Yorkshire. He played as an amateur for Castleford Town before joining Leeds United, for whom he made his debut in the Football League during the 1925–26 season. He made 84 League appearances for Leeds before moving on to Plymouth Argyle, where he was a regular first-team selection for seven seasons and played more than 250 games for the club in all competitions. He left for Bristol Rovers in 1937, and returned to Yorkshire in 1939 to play for Frickley Colliery. He died in 1968 in the Royal Naval Hospital, Stonehouse, aged 63.
# Khvajeh Khezr

Khvajeh Khezr (Persian: خواجه خضر, also Romanized as Khvājeh Kheẕr) is a village in Dorunak Rural District, Zeydun District, Behbahan County, Khuzestan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 172, in 42 families.
# Zarvan, Kurdistan

Zarvan (Persian: زروان, also Romanized as Zarvān and Zarwān) is a village in the Naran Rural District of the Central District of Sanandaj County, Kurdistan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 106, living in 23 families. The village is primarily populated by Kurds.
# Renaud Paulian

Renaud Paulian (28 May 1913, Neuilly-sur-Seine - 16 August 2003, Bordeaux) was a French naturalist . He was a specialist in Coleoptera notably Scarabaeoidea.
# Harry Walden

Harold Bertram Walden (22 December 1940 – 23 September 2018) was an English professional footballer.

## Career

Walden started out with Kettering Town, before signing for Luton Town in 1961. After playing 106 times for Luton in all competitions, he moved on to Northampton Town in 1964, where he made 76 league appearances in three years. In 1967, Walden returned to Kettering. He also played and scored many goals for team gb
# Group of Nine (Portugal)

The Group of Nine (Portuguese: Grupo dos Nove) was a group of nine moderate military officers in the Portuguese Armed Forces, led by Melo Antunes, who participated in the Movimento das Forças Armadas that brought about the Carnation Revolution.
The progressive group published in August 1975 a manifesto, known as the Documento dos Nove, to clarify the political positions and ideologies within and outside the Armed Forces.
The original signatories were nine prominent figures in the 1974 Revolution: Ernesto Melo Antunes, Vasco Lourenço, Pezarat Correia, Manuel Franco Charais, Canto e Castro, Costa Neves, Sousa e Castro, Vítor Alves, and Vítor Crespo. This military group refused to accept the socialist and social democratic models that were prevalent at the time. Instead, the group offered another model of socialism based on political democracy, pluralism, personal liberties and fundamental human rights. This group represented a moderate faction of the MFA, and supported the Aliança Povo/MFA. Para a construção da sociedade socialista em Portugal document, which they presented on 8 July 1975.
The group was supported by the principal political parties at the time (PS, PSD and CDS) and opposed by forces aligned with the far-left of the political spectrum linked to Prime Minister Vasco Gonçalves and Otelo Saraiva de Carvalho.
The environment that existed in Portugal during the summer of 1975 (referred to as the Verão Quente), affected the tense conditions where radical military officers occupied parachute company bases, making a response from military forces controlled by the Group of Nine. The military response was presented to Francisco da Costa Gomes (President of the Republic at the time) who broadcast the state of events for the region of Lisbon. Vasco Lourenço (member of the MFA Coordinating group), Jaime Neves (commander of the Comandos of Amadora) and Lieutenant Colonel António Ramalho Eanes (forces coordinator for the Group of Nine, and future president). Also, from here, Salgueiro Maia left with colleagues in the EPCS for Lisbon to support the positions of the Group of Nine. From many, this was the date the PREC terminated.