OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Attainable region theory

Attainable region (AR) theory is a branch of chemical engineering, specifically chemical reaction engineering, that uses geometric and mathematical optimization concepts to assist in the design of networks of chemical reactors. AR theory is a method to help define the best reactor flowsheet using graphical techniques for a desired duty or objective function.

## Origin of AR theory

The initial concept of an attainable region for chemical processes was proposed by Fritz Horn in 1964, where he believed in geometric methods to improve process design. These ideas were later refined and made specific to chemical reactors by co-developers David Glasser, Diane Hildebrandt, and Martin Feinberg.

## Overview

The AR is defined as the collection all possible outcomes for all conceivable reactor combinations. Geometrically, the AR may (for instance) be represented as a convex region in state space representing all possible outlet compositions for all reactor combinations. A combination of reactors is often termed a reactor structure. An example of the reactors that are considered for this theory are Continuous flow stirred-tank reactor (CSTR) and a Plug flow reactor model (PFR).
Knowledge of the AR helps to address two areas in chemical reactor design:
* The reactor network synthesis problem: Given a system of reactions and feed point, construction of the AR assists with determining an optimal reactor structure that achieves a desired duty or objective function. That is, AR theory assists with understanding specifically what type and combination of the chemical reactors are best suited for a particular system and duty.
* Performance targeting: Given an existing reactor design, knowledge of the AR assists with understanding if there are other reactor structures that could achieve superior performance, by comparison to its location in the AR. Seeing as the AR represents all reactor designs by definition, different proposed reactor designs must lie as a point in or on the AR in state space. The effectiveness of each design may then all be assessed by comparison the AR and their relation to objective functions if any.

## Applications of theory

Examples of where AR theory can be applied, include:
* The design of batch reactor networks; and
* Comminution (Milling).
# As-Salif

As-Salif (Arabic: الصليف, Aṣ-Ṣalīf, also transliterated as al-Salif) is a coastal village in western Yemen. It is located in a bay of a headland that forms the southern coast of the Kamaran Bay. As-Salif is recognized for its large deposits of rock salt. Historically, the salt was exported to India. The salt is mined by a government-owned corporation. As-Salif is located at around 15°18′39″N 42°40′23″E﻿ / ﻿15.31083°N 42.67306°E﻿ / 15.31083; 42.67306.
# Gluringen railway station

Gluringen railway station (German: Bahnhof Gluringen), is a railway station in the locality of Reckingen-Gluringen, within the municipality of Goms, in the Swiss canton of Valais. It is an intermediate stop and a request stop on the 1,000 mm (3 ft 3+3⁄8 in) metre gauge Furka Oberalp line of the Matterhorn Gotthard Bahn and is served by local trains only.

## Services

As of the December 2023 timetable change, the following services stop at Gluringen:
* Regio: hourly service between Visp and Andermatt.
# Jamrao Halt Junction railway station

Jamrao Halt Junction Railway Station (Urdu: جمراؤ جنکشن ریلوے اسٹیشن, Sindhi: جمڙائو جنڪشن ريلوي اسٽيشن) is located in Pakistan. The station building is abandoned.
# Yakkasaray

Yakkasaray (Uzbek: Yakkasaroy tumani, Russian: Яккасарайский район, romanized: Yakkasaraysky rayon) is one of 12 districts (tuman) of Tashkent, the capital of Uzbekistan.

## Overview

Yakkasaray is one of the most central districts of the city, and the smallest in area. It was established on August 26, 1936, with the name of Frunze, referring to the Kyrgyz Bolshevik leader Mikhail Frunze. On May 8, 1992, Frunze became Yakkasaray District.
Yakkasaray borders with the districts of Chilanzar, Shayxontoxur, Yunusabad, Mirobod and Sergeli.
# Neostigmine/glycopyrronium bromide

Neostigmine/glycopyrronium bromide, sold under the brand name Prevduo , is a fixed-dose combination medication used for the reversal of the effects of non-depolarizing neuromuscular blocking agents after surgery. It contains neostigmine as the methylsulfate, a cholinesterase inhibitor, and glycopyrronium bromide, an antimuscarinic agent.
Neostigmine/glycopyrronium bromide was approved for medical use in the United Kingdom in 2007, and in the United States in February 2023.

## Medical uses

Neostigmine/glycopyrronium bromide is indicated for the reversal of the effects of non-depolarizing neuromuscular blocking agents after surgery, while decreasing the peripheral muscarinic effects (e.g., bradycardia and excessive secretions) associated with cholinesterase inhibition following non-depolarizing neuromuscular blocking agent reversal administration.
# Vasyl Stolyar

Vasyl Stolyar (Ukrainian: Василь Столяр) (born April 11, 1962, in Lutsk) is a Ukrainian businessman and chairman of FC Volyn Lutsk.

## President of FC Volyn Lutsk

In March 2000, Vasyl Stolyar founded the Junior Football School "Femida-Inter" (Lutsk), presently Junior Football School "Volyn". Since January 2001 – FC Volyn Lutsk vice-president. Holds the position of FC Volyn Lutsk president since 2003.

## Political activities

Stolyar is a member of the Volyn Oblast council (the parliament of Volyn Oblast) since 2006; during the 2006 Ukrainian local elections he was elected on the list of Our Ukraine and during the 2010 Ukrainian local elections he was elected for Front of Changes. As a member of Front of Changes. On 15 June 2013 his Front for Change (party) merged into "Fatherland".

## Family

Stolyar is divorced and has three sons.
# Under the Bombs

Under the Bombs (French: Sous les bombes, Arabic: تحت القصف; taht alqasf) is a 2007 Lebanese drama film directed by Philippe Aractingi. The film is set in Lebanon at the end of the 2006 Lebanon War.

## Plot

Although she grew up in Lebanon, wealthy Lebanese Muslim Zeina Nasrueddi (Nada Abu Farhat) has been living in Dubai with her architect husband and son, Karim. Marital difficulties led her to send her son to spend the summer with her sister Maha in Lebanon. When the 2006 Lebanon War began she traveled to Beirut via Turkey. In order to find her son, she hires Lebanese Christian taxi driver Tony (Georges Khabbaz) to drive her to Southern Lebanon. In their search for Maha and Karim, they encounter the devastation wrought by the war and learn each other's personal secrets, including the fact that Tony's brother was a member of the South Lebanon Army and is now living in exile in Israel.

## Cast

* Nada Abou Farhat as Zeina
* Georges Khabbaz as Tony

## Release

Under the Bombs was one of two films shown at the 2008 Sundance Film Festival on the 2006 Lebanon War. The other was Guy Nattiv and Erez Tadmor's Strangers.
The film was presented in 2008 as part of the Giornate degli Autori - Venice days, a parallel section of the Venice film festival.

## Critical response

Jonathan Curiel of the San Francisco Chronicle gave the film the Chronicle's highest rating, stating that "Aractingi, a Lebanese director, has - with the help of superb performances by Khabbaz and Abou Farhat - made a work that deftly navigates complicated truths."

## Awards

* 2008: Venice Days – Giornate degli Autori—Arca Cinema Giovani Award: Best Film “Other Visions” and the Eiuc Human Rights Film Award
* Jury Junior Prize at Festival International du Film Francophone de Namur
* Critics Prize and NETPAC Prize NETPAC at International Antalya Golden Orange Film Festival
* Gold Muhr and the Best Actress Award (Nada Abou Farhat) at the Dubai Film Festival
* Prix Coup de Coeur, Best Music Award and Audience Award at Luchon International Film and TV Festival.
# Etelka

Etelka or Etelke is a Hungarian given name. It is the female equivalent of Etele, a variant of Attila. It may have originated as the name of the title character in the 1788 novel Etelka [hu] by Dugonics András [hu].
It is sometimes translated into English as Adelaide.

## People with the name

* Etelka Barsi-Pataky (1941–2018), Hungarian politician
* Etelka Freund (1879–1977), Hungarian pianist
* Etelka Gerster (1855–1920), Hungarian soprano
* Etelka Kenéz Heka (1936–2024), Hungarian writer and singer
* Etelka Keserű (1925–2018), Hungarian economist and politician
* Etelka Kispál (born 1941), Hungarian Olympic sprinter
* Etelka A. Leadlay (born 1947), British botanist
* Etelka Szapáry (1798–1876), Hungarian noble
# Harpleia

Harpleia (Ancient Greek: Ἅρπλεια) was a town of ancient Laconia. Pausanias writes that it was on Mount Taygetus but at the entrance of the plain, and 20 stadia from Dereium.
Its site is unlocated, though a connection with Xirokambi has been suggested.
# Supercar Challenge (video game)

Supercar Challenge is a simulation racing video game released for the PlayStation 3 in September 2009, developed by Eutechnyx and published by System 3, the same company that produced 2008's Ferrari Challenge Trofeo Pirelli. The game includes more than 40 cars including Ferraris and the Bugatti Veyron and Aston Martin DBR9 and 22 tracks including the Nürburgring (Grand Prix section) and the Silverstone Circuit. The game was re-released with an improved game engine under the title Absolute Supercars in 2012.

## Gameplay

System 3 intended Supercar Challenge to be accessible to less experienced players, with a gradual learning curve. The AI also has been tweaked, due to criticisms of the AI in Ferrari Challenge.
# Hasanabad-e Karah

Hasanabad-e Karah (Persian: حسن ابادكره, also Romanized as Ḩasanābād-e Karah; also known as Kūh Ḩasanābād) is a village in Dowlatabad Rural District, in the Central District of Ravansar County, Kermanshah Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 213, in 44 families.
# Nawal Slaoui

Nawal Slaoui (born 16 February 1966) is a Moroccan alpine skier. She competed in three events at the 1992 Winter Olympics.
# Qala

Qala or qal'a (Arabic: قلعہ, romanized: qalʼa, lit. 'fort, fortress, castle') may refer to:
* Qala, Azerbaijan
* Qala, Malta, a village on Gozo Island, Malta
It may also refer to:
# Demirtaş, Uzunköprü

Demirtaş is a neighbourhood (Turkish: mahalle) of the municipality of Uzunköprü, Uzunköprü District, Edirne Province, Turkey. Its population is 318 (2022). It is located about 3 km (1.9 mi) north of Uzunköprü town centre. The Istanbul-Pythio railway runs through the village and owns the Uzunköprü railway station. The Turkish Grain Board (TMO) maintains a small office in Demirtaş for freight railway shipments.
# Chorizanthe rigida

Chorizanthe rigida, with the common names of devil's spineflower, rigid spineflower, spiny-herb, rigid spiny-herb, is an annual plant in the family Polygonaceae the buckwheats. It is a member of the genus Chorizanthe, the spineflowers and is found in the southwestern United States and northwest Mexico, in the states of California, Nevada, Utah, Arizona, Baja California, and Sonora.

## Distribution

Chorizanthe rigida is a common desert plant found in the Sonoran and Mojave Desert - in bajadas (washes), flat mesas that flood with annual rains, and rocky hillsides and ridgelines. A locale range example is its presence in most habitats of the Muggins Mountains Wilderness in southwestern Arizona.
In desert flats, the short 3 inch plant can be easily obscured, by downstream-washed debris that easily collects on the spineflower skeleton. Thus small hillocks of debris are found, a spineflower in the core; possibly this is the advantageous form of germinating at least the source location into a second generation.
In flat mesas the plant can be hidden under clumps and not seen. On a roadside, its skeleton will be left as a single erect plant, the taller plants being found in the highest water-pooled areas. In the eastern Colorado Desert the plant can be found in any major wash in mid spring following at least moderate winter rains.

## Description

The Chorizanthe rigida plant, is a short, erect and sometimes single-stalked, but multi-stalked to 5 stalks or more, 2.5-2.5–6.0 inches (1–2 dm) in height. It grows quickly, especially following spring rains. With the onset of early summer it turns into a spine-skeleton. It has a main taproot, mostly longer than the plant is tall, taking advantage of the rainfall's ground moisture.
The devil's spineflower is extremely conspicuous when growing in its bright new green; when desiccated its spiny skeleton is blackish, dark gray, or of medium browns and blends in easily to the desert background ground colors.
In the hottest sections of the western Sonoran Desert of southwestern Arizona the Rigid Spineflower is mostly a 2.5 to 5 inch plant and is often not noticed when the plant goes dry, (see here (a multi-stalked short plant)).
# Euroformat Kyiv

Euroformat Kyiv (Ukrainian: "Євроформат" Київ) has a professional beach soccer team based in Kyiv, Ukraine. Prior to 2011, Euroformat was called New Era. The club was organized by company Euroformat.

## Honours
### Ukrainian competitions

* Ukrainian Beach Soccer Premier League
** Winners: 2004, 2005, 2007, 2011

### International competitions
## Notable former players

* Andriy Borsuk
# Daniel Biedermann

Daniel Biedermann (born 24 March 1993 in Klagenfurt) is an Austrian former professional racing cyclist.

## Major results
### 2011

    1st Stage 4 Trofeo Karlsberg
    3rd Road race, National Junior Road Championships

### 2014

    2nd Poreč Trophy
    7th Trofej Umag

### 2015

    5th GP Laguna
    7th GP Izola
    9th GP Adria Mobil
# Mount Iba

Mount Iba is the second-tallest mountain in the Zambales Mountains and the highest point in the province of Tarlac, Philippines. It is located in municipality of San Jose, Tarlac. Water from the mountain drains to the Agno River. With an elevation of 1,605 metres (5,266 ft), between Mount Tapulao (2,037m) and Mount Negron (1,583m).
# Molotkiv

Molotkiv (Ukrainian: Молотків) is a village in the Lanivtsi urban hromada of the Kremenets Raion of Ternopil Oblast in Ukraine.

## History

The first written mention of the village was in 1584.
After the liquidation of the Lanivtsi Raion on 19 July 2020, the village became part of the Kremenets Raion.

## Religion

* Saint George the Victorious church (1784, wooden).
# Guyjeh Qaleh-ye Olya

Guyjeh Qaleh-ye Olya (Persian: گويجه قلعه عليا, also Romanized as Gūyjeh Qal‘eh-ye ‘Olyā; also known as Gowjeh Qal‘eh-ye ‘Olyā and) is a village in Quri Chay-ye Gharbi Rural District, Saraju District, Maragheh County, East Azerbaijan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 71, in 14 families.
# Nestor of Tarsus

Nestor of Tarsus (Ancient Greek: Νέστωρ) was an ancient Greek philosopher of the Stoic school of thought. He was from Tarsus in Cilikia.
Nestor was active at a Stoic school in Athens. Otherwise, little is known about his life. The Lives and Opinions of Eminent Philosophers by Diogenes Laertius contained his biography in Book VII, but that portion of a book has disappeared; only the mention of his name in the table of contents remains. Nestor was a contemporary of Panaetius, either his disciple or a fellow student. He is sometimes mixed with another Nestor of Tarsos, who is said to have been a teacher of Tiberius, but the latter lived in the first century AD, making him not a contemporary.
# Polemon (son of Theramenes)

Polemon (Ancient Greek: Πολέμων; lived 4th century BC), son of Theramenes, was a Macedonian officer. He was left by Alexander in the command of a fleet of thirty triremes which was destined to guard the mouths of the Nile and the sea-coast of Egypt in 331 BC.
# Landreville Castle

Landreville Castle (French: Château de Landreville) is a castle situated in the commune of Bayonville in the Ardennes département of France.
Within the territory of a 12th-century châtelain, the castle was built in the early 13th century and remodelled in the middle of the 16th century. The Château de Landreville, situated in the Argonne Ardennaise region, is a rectangular "maison forte" (strong house) flanked by four cylindrical towers with 'pepper-pot' roofs, surrounded by water-filled moats, with a six hectares park, stables and two pavilions. The castle has been classified as a monument historique by the French Ministry of Culture since 2006.
It is a rare example of a still practically intact manorial residence of the pre-Renaissance Ardennes region.
In 800 years of history it has witnessed the lives of many families, including the Landrevilles, Grandprés, Chennerys, Beauvais, Maillarts, Meixmorons. The portrait of Claude François de Maillart, lord and marquis de Landreville, was painted by Nicolas de Largillière around 1735.

## Description

Construction of the current building dates from the middle of the 16th century, the date of 1567 being seen on one of the chimneys. The building plan is typical since the 15th century, with a rectangular home confined by four round towers. The moat remains visible on three sides.
On three floors, rectangular fire holes are let into the towers to provide protection for the four sides. They still have the support bars that made it possible to stabilise the weapon.
The main door is decorated with embossed designs and statuettes of caryatids, characteristic of the French Renaissance after 1550.
The lower stage is entirely vaulted in stone. In the kitchen, the vaulting is supported by a single pillar in the centre, as was usual. One of the towers contains a spiral staircase. The two floors each include French-style ceilings and chimneys. The two chimneys on the first floor were partly modified in the 19th century.
The buildings which surround the castle are all more recent. The manager's house carries the year 1773. A symmetrical building is an addition from the end of the 19th century. At that time, the buildings located at the south-western entry to the castle were destroyed. The castle is testimony to the military architecture of 16th-century Ardennes.
# Jodok Salzmann

Jodok Salzmann (born 27 March 1995) is an Austrian racing cyclist, who currently rides for UCI Continental team WSA KTM Graz p/b Leomo. He rode for WSA–Pushbikers in the men's team time trial event at the 2018 UCI Road World Championships.

## Major results
### 2017

    3rd Overall Grand Prix Cycliste de Gemenc

### 2018

    1st Stage 2b (ITT) Tour of Bihor
    5th V4 Special Series Debrecen - Ibrany
    8th Kerekparverseny

### 2019

    4th Overall Oberösterreich Rundfahrt
    4th Kerekparverseny
    6th Overall Belgrade Banjaluka
# Broadcast Markup Language

Broadcast Markup Language, or BML, is an XML-based standard developed by Japan's Association of Radio Industries and Businesses as a data broadcasting specification for digital television broadcasting. It is a data-transmission service allowing text to be displayed on a 1seg TV screen.
The text contains news, sports, weather forecasts, emergency warnings such as Earthquake Early Warning, etc. free of charge. It was finalized in 1999, becoming ARIB STD-B24 Data Coding and Transmission Specification for Digital Broadcasting.
The STD-B24 specification is derived from an early draft of XHTML 1.0 strict, which it extends and alters. Some subset of CSS 1 and 2 is supported, as well as ECMAScript.
Example BML header:
Since version 1.0 in 1999, BML standard has gone through several revisions, and as of 2007, it is on version 5.0. However, due to a large installed user base of receivers which only support the original 1.0 specification, broadcasters are not able to introduce new features defined in later revisions.
# Sea adventure

Sea adventure could refer to:
* Adventure of the Seas
* South Seas Adventure
* South Sea Adventure
# Lorenzo Latham

Lorenzo L. Latham (February 10, 1812 – December 27, 1860) was an American newspaper editor and publisher. He was a founder of Alpha Delta Phi fraternity.

## Early life

Latham was born in Massachusetts on February 10, 1812.
He attended Hamilton College in Clinton, New York. During his senior year, he became a founding member of the literary fraternity, Alpha Delta Phi, along with Samuel Eells, John Curtiss Underwood, Oliver Andrew Morse, and Henry Lemuel Storrs. Eells and Latham were in charge of drafting the fraternity's constitution and designing its badge.
Latham graduated from Hamilton College in 1832, as his class salutatorian.

## Career

Latham became a teacher in Natchez, Mississippi. He was an editor of The Creole in Charleston, South Carolina. As an editor, he advocated on behalf of the American Party of South Carolina.
In March 1851, Lathem and Henry E. Johnson started the Louisiana State Republican in Lafayette, Jefferson Parish. Lathem and Johnson co-edited and co-published the newspaper. Its political slant was toward the Whig Party.
In October 1851, Latham was an applicant for the position of superintendent of the New Orleans Schools. He was an associate editor of the Picayune in New Orleans from 1853 to 1860.

## Personal life

Latham married Mary Barfield of Natchez, Mississippi on May 11, 1841. They had two children, H. J. Latham and James Lathem.
On December 27, 1860, Latham died from pneumonia at his home in Jefferson, Louisiana at the age of 48. He was buried in the Natchez City Cemetery in Natchez.

## Legacy

Alpha Delta Phi expanded into an international social and literary fraternity with more than 53,000 members.