OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Polish Association of Freethinkers

Polish Association of Freethinkers (PAF) (Polish: Stowarzyszenie Wolnomyślicieli Polskich; SWP) was a secular movement established in 1907 in Warsaw. Polish Association of Freethinkers was the first such organization in the Polish lands.

## History

On December 8, 1907, Delegates and the National Congress of Polish Freethinking in Warsaw, established the Polish Association of Freethinkers. Among the participants-founders were social activists Aleksander Świętochowski and Ludwik Krzywicki. The Association set itself the goal of fighting for the introduction of: secular standards of public life, secular metrics, secular wedding and funeral, and abolition of coercive religious education in schools. Tsarist repression led to the rapid outlawing PAFT already in 1909.
In May 1920. By Jan Niecisław Baudouin de Courtenay reactivated activity PAFT. De Courtenay became the first president. Among the founders were: Romuald Minkiewicz, Jan Hempel and Józef Landau. The movement demanded above all a real separation of church and state, legal recognition lack of religious beliefs.
At the third congress of the PAFT in 1925. It made a split in the organization's supporters and liberal enlightenment tradition led by Jan Baudouin de Courtenay and Joseph Landau, and supporters of Marxism. A group of left-wing activists close to the Communist Party with Jan Hempel seized the leadership of the organization, for which the earlier demands of the movement were too liberal.
The Association began to emphasize threads anticlerical and atheistic, acceded to the International of the Proletarian Freethinkers. A group of activists associated with the old leadership had left the organization and set up in 1926 Polish Association of Free Thought.
In 1928. The administrative authorities resolved the Polish Association of. Most of Freethinkers the activists of the banned PAFT joined the Polish Association of Free Thought, which eventually began to refer to leftist slogans, which led to its outlawing in 1936.
# Martynenko

Martynenko (Ukrainian: Мартиненко; Russian: Мартыненко) is a Ukrainian surname, derived from the given name Martin. Notable people with the surname include:
* Ihor Martynenko (born 1970), Ukrainian rower
* Mykola Martynenko (born 1961), Ukrainian politician
* Oleksandr Martynenko (disambiguation), multiple individuals
* Vladimir Martynenko (born 1957), Russian sociologist
* Volodymyr Martynenko (1923–1988), Ukrainian diplomat
* Yevhen Martynenko (born 1993), Ukrainian footballer
# Rola Bahnam

Rola Bahnam (Arabic: رولا بهنام) or often spelt Rula Bahnam, is a Lebanese TV presenter of an Iraqi descent. She is mostly known for working in Future TV and now presenting the TV Show "Isma Wi Naseeb" "Perfect Bride" on LBC. Rola was born to an Iraqi father and Lebanese mother, and in a recent interview with Shada Hassoun, she stated she was from Mosul.
According to Lebanese news sources, Rola Bahnam is the owner of a property in the coastal town Amsheet being built over a protected seal cave since 2022. The legally contested and publicly protested construction is accused to damage the integrity of the cave threatening the maritime life inhabiting it. Construction continues despite the protests and contested legality of the project.

## Career

Bahnam worked as a model and participated once with the Lebanese girl band, The 4 Cats in their first song, "Aachra, Hdaach, Tnaach", after which she left the team in 1998.. She began her career in 1998 on Future TV through "Elite Model Look", a Tv program for discovering fashion models and represented more like "Open Night" with Rima Karaki and Rima Maktabi, then "Fashion", after which "Rola On Air", and "Song Number One" in 2004. After a long absence from television, she returned with the TV program "Qisma W Naseeb" and hosted its first season on the screen of LBC in 2007 then "Design Magazine" program specialized in the world of architecture and designs on the Abu Dhabi Channel in 2010.
# Voznesenovka, Ivanovsky District, Amur Oblast

Voznesenovka (Russian: Вознесеновка) is a rural locality (a selo) in Ivanovsky Selsoviet of Ivanovsky District, Amur Oblast, Russia. The population was 5 as of 2018. There are 2 streets.

## Geography

Voznesenovka is located 18 km south of Ivanovka (the district's administrative centre) by road. Kreshchenova is the nearest rural locality.
# Erich Fromm Prize

The Erich Fromm Prize (German: Erich-Fromm-Preis) is a German prize bestowed upon people who have advanced Humanism through their scientific, social, sociopolitical or journalistic engagement. The prize is named after Erich Fromm, a Jewish German-American philosopher, psychoanalyst and psychologist. The prize is conferred yearly since 1995, and since 2006, it is endowed with 10,000 €.
The Erich Fromm Society (Erich-Fromm-Gesellschaft) elects a five-person jury, which decides on the prize winner. Its decision is made by simple majority and is not influenced by the Society, but it has to respect applications and recommendations.

## Recipients

Source:
* 1995
** Duchovný Parliament, Bratislava
* 1996
** Sociopsychoanalytical Seminary of the University of Mexiko-City
** University of Wrocław, Poland
** Germanistic Division of the University of Pécs, Hungary
* 1997: No prize winner
* 1998
** Rainer J. Kaus
** Svante Lundgren
** Martina Parge
* 1999
** Jan M. Böhm
** Claudia Hoock
* 2000
** Kevin Anderson
** Richard Quinney
** Bruno Osuch
* 2001
** Gerd Meyer
* 2002–2003: No prize winners
* 2004 William Wasson, Hamid Lechhab
* 2005: No prize winner
* 2006 Hans Leyendecker, Heribert Prantl
* 2007 Eugen Drewermann, Konstantin Wecker
* 2008 Jakob von Uexküll
* 2009 Gerhart Baum
* 2010 Noam Chomsky
* 2011 Anne-Sophie Mutter
* 2012 Georg Schramm
* 2013 Gesine Schwan
* 2015 Götz Werner
* 2016 Christel und Rupert Neudeck
* 2017 John Neumeier
* 2018 Hartmut Rosa
* 2019 Daniel and Sabine Röder and Pulse of Europe
* 2020 Paul Mason
* 2021 Maja Göpel
* 2022 Ueli Mäder [de]
* 2023 Thomas Fuchs
# Rauhkofel

The Rauhkofel or Rauchkofel (3,251 m (AA), Italian: Monte Fumo) is a summit on the main crest of the Zillertal Alps, which forms the border between the Austrian state of Tyrol and the Italian province of South Tyrol. The name of the mountain ("rugged peak") comes from the rugged appearance of the granite blocks that form the summit . The Rauhkofel rises above its neighbouring peaks on the main Zillertal ridge considerably and it is considered the best lookout mountain in the eastern Zillertal Alps. The east and south arêtes of the Rauhkofel are part of the main crest of the Zillertal Alps. Another ridge runs from the summit heading northwest; on its continuation at a distance of just under two kilometres is the Kleinspitze (3,172 m). North of the summit are the remnants of the Rauhkofelkees glacier. At the southwestern foot of the peak is the Waldner See, the largest lake in the Ahrntal valley.

## Ascent

The summit is almost exclusively approached from the South Tyrolean side, but it is a very long climb. Around the turn of the 20th century the Lusatian Branch of the German and Austrian Alpine Club erected a hut south of the mountain and blazed a trail along the south arête. The hut has fallen into ruins, but parts of the trail have survived and form elements of the normal route today.
The most common route from Prettau in the Ahrntal runs via the Waldneralm and the Waldnersee to the south arête of the mountain. Here the climber can either walk from Kasern, the nearest village in the Ahrntal, via the Stadlalm and Marchsteinboden. At the southern spur of the mountain at a height of about 3,000 metres, the path ends and the route continues over coarse boulders and patches of snow, partly on the mountainside west of the arête, but it is waymarked to the summit. About 5 hours should be allowed for the ascent.
# Alberto Suppici

Alberto Horacio Suppici (20 November 1898 – 21 June 1981) was a Uruguayan footballer and coach who won the first ever FIFA World Cup, leading the Uruguay team in the 1930 tournament on home soil. Suppici is known as el Profesor (the Professor). His cousin was the professional driver Héctor Suppici Sedes.

## Biography

On 22 April 1917, Suppici founded the football club Plaza Colonia in Colonia del Sacramento, his hometown. The club's 12 000-capacity home ground has been named Estadio Profesor Alberto Suppici in his honour.
As technical director of Uruguay, Suppici coached the side to third in the 1929 South American Championship, the precursor to the modern Copa América.
At the inaugural FIFA World Cup in his home nation of Uruguay, Suppici dropped goalkeeper Andrés Mazali, who had won a gold medal in the 1928 Olympic final, from the national team after he was caught breaking curfew and failing to arrive at the team hotel in time in Montevideo prior to the tournament. Suppici led the side to victory in the final over Argentina at Estadio Centenario in Montevideo, masterminding a second-half comeback from 2 to 1 down to win 4–2 in front of 93,000 people. Suppici's technical staff at the tournament included Pedro Arispe, Ernesto Figoli, Luis Greco and Pedro Olivieri. He is the youngest ever coach to win a World Cup, aged only 31.

## Honours
### Domestic
#### Peñarol

* Uruguayan Primera División: 1945

### International

Uruguay
* FIFA World Cup: 1930
* Copa América runner-up: 1941; third place: 1929, 1937
| Years | Coach | P | W | D | L | GF | GA | Win % | Tournaments |
| 1928–1932 | Alberto Suppici | 12 | 6 | 2 | 4 | 24 | 16 | 50.00 | 1928 Copa Lipton – Runners-up 1929 Copa Newton – Champions 1929 Copa Lipton – Champions 1929 South American Championship – Third Place 1930 FIFA World Cup – Champions 1931 Taça Rio Branco – Runners-up 1932 Taça Rio Branco – Runners-up |
| 1935–1941 | Alberto Suppici (2nd time) | 24 | 11 | 1 | 12 | 47 | 46 | 45.83 | 1935 Copa Juan Mignaburu – Runners-up 1936 Copa Juan Mignaburu – Runners-up 1936 Copa Héctor Gómez – Champions 1937 South American Championship – Third Place 1937 Copa Newton – Runners-up 1937 Copa Lipton – Runners-up 1938 Copa Juan Mignaburu – Runners-up 1938 Copa Héctor Gómez – Runners-up 1939 South American Championship – Runners-up 1940 Taça Rio Branca – Champions 1940 Copa Héctor Gómez – Champions 1940 Copa Juan Mignaburu – Runners-up 1941 South American Championship – Runners-up |
# Sieradz National Defence Brigade

Sieradz National Defence Brigade (Polish: Sieradzka Brygada Obrony Narodowej) was a reserve unit of the Polish Army in the interbellum period. Stationed in Łódź, on August 30, 1939, it was moved to Wieluń. It consisted of several battalions, such as Wieluń I, Wieluń II, Kępno, Ostrzeszów, Lubliniec and Klobuck. Commanded by colonel Jerzy Grobicki, it was part of the Łódź Army and its battalions were divided between 7th and 10th Infantry Divisions.
# Ruda, Żuromin County

Ruda is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Lubowidz, within Żuromin County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland.
# Khreshchatyi Park

Khreshchatyi Park (Ukrainian: Хрещатий парк) is a city park in Kyiv located next to the European Square, on right bank slopes of Dnipro and along the Volodymyr Descent. It covers area of 11.8 ha (29 acres).
Since 2019, a glass pedestrian bridge has connected the park with Volodymyr Hill.

## Visitor's attractions and landmarks

* National Philharmonic of Ukraine
* National Parliamentary Library of Ukraine
* Arch of Freedom of the Ukrainian People
* Monument to the Magdeburg Rights
* Monument to Mikhail Glinka
* Kyiv Water Museum (Water information center)
* Kyiv State Puppets Theater (previously the Dnipro Stereo-Cinema Theater)

### Former landmarks

* Monument to Alexander II of Russia (replaced with Joseph Stalin)
* Monument to Grigory Petrovsky

## Gallery

* Puppets Theater
* Arch of Freedom of the Ukrainian People
* Water tower (Museum of Water)
* Water tower (Museum of Water)
* Arch to the Magdeburg Right's Monument
* Glinka Monument
# Hypoxis hirsuta

Hypoxis hirsuta, commonly known as common goldstar, common star-grass, eastern yellow stargrass, yellow star grass, or yellow star flower, is a perennial ornamental plant in the family Hypoxidaceae. Sometimes this plant is placed in the family Amaryllidaceae or the family Liliaceae. The species is native to the United States, Canada, and northeastern Mexico.

## Description

H. hirsuta has grass-like, basal leaves that are up to 30 cm (12 in) long and one or more shorter stems, growing up from the rosette of leaves to 20 cm (8 in) long. The leaves have smooth margins and are elliptical in shape. Both the leaves and the stem have scattered white hairs.
Flowers appear April to May at the end of each stem in a group, or umbel, of 2 to 6, occasionally only 1. The flowers are 5–13 mm (0.2–0.5 in) long, with 3 yellow petals and 3 yellow sepals spreading outwards. The flowers will open in the morning but typically wilt in the hot afternoon sun. When not flowering, the plant can resemble grass, but it is not a grass.

## Etymology

The genus name Hypoxis is from the Greek words hypo and oxys, meaning "sharp below", referring to how the seedpods have a tapered base. The specific epithet hirsuta is Latin for "hairy".

## Distribution and habitat

H. hirsuta is native in the United States from New Mexico to the west, Texas to the south, the Canadian border to the north, and Maine to the east. In Canada, it is native in Manitoba, Saskatchewan, and Ontario. It is also native in northeastern Mexico, south to Tamualipas. The plant grows in moist to slightly dry habitats such as prairies, savannas, open woodlands, fens, glades, abandoned fields, and lawns.

## Ecology

The flowers attract small bees that feed on its pollen.

## Characteristics & Attributes

Soil Moisture
* Dry
* Average
* Low Maintenance
Ecoregion
Eastern Great Lakes Lowlands
Northeastern Coastal Zone
Atlantic Coastal Pine Barrens
Acadian Plains and Hills
Northeastern Highlands
Exposure
* Sun
* Part Shade
# Kremenets urban hromada

Kremenets urban territorial hromada (Ukrainian: Кременецька міська територіальна громада, romanized: Kremenetska miska terytorialna hromada) is a hromada located in Kremenets Raion, in the western Ternopil Oblast of Ukraine. Its administrative centre is the city of Kremenets.
The hromada has a size of 522.9 km$^2$ (201.9 sq mi), and a population of 42,064 (As of 2023).

## Settlements

In addition to one city (Kremenets), the hromada includes 43 villages:
* Andruha [uk]
* Bilokrynytsia
* Bohdanivka [uk]
* Bonivka [uk]
* Velyki Berezhtsi
* Velyki Mlynivtsi [uk]
* Verbytsia [uk]
* Vesela [uk]
* Veselivka [uk]
* Hai [uk]
* Horynka
* Hrada
* Dvirets
* Dunaiiv
* Dukhiv
* Dibrova
* Zholoby
* Zeblazy
* Ivankivtsi
* Ikva
* Katerynivka
* Kolosova
* Kryzhy
* Kudlaivka
* Kulykiv
* Kushlyn
* Kimnata
* Lishnia
* Mali Berezhtsi
* Novyi Kokoriv
* Ploske
* Popivtsi
* Pidhaitsi
* Pidlisne
* Pidlistsi
* Rybcha
* Rudka
* Savchytsi
* Sapaniv
* Staryi Kokoriv
* Khotivka
* Chuhali
* Shpykolosy
# Petro Kravchuk

Petro Kostiantynovych Kravchuk (Ukrainian: Петро́ Костянти́нович Кравчу́к; 11 July 1962 – 3 August 2022) was a Ukrainian politician. A member of Ukraine – Forward!, he served as a People's Deputy of Ukraine from 2006 to 2008.
Kravchuk died on 3 August 2022, at the age of 60.
# Atwood machine

The Atwood machine (or Atwood's machine) was invented in 1784 by the English mathematician George Atwood as a laboratory experiment to verify the mechanical laws of motion with constant acceleration. Atwood's machine is a common classroom demonstration used to illustrate principles of classical mechanics.
The ideal Atwood machine consists of two objects of mass m$_1$ and m$_2$, connected by an inextensible massless string over an ideal massless pulley.
Both masses experience uniform acceleration. When m$_1$ = m$_2$, the machine is in neutral equilibrium regardless of the position of the weights.

## Equation for constant acceleration

An equation for the acceleration can be derived by analyzing forces. Assuming a massless, inextensible string and an ideal massless pulley, the only forces to consider are: tension force (T), and the weight of the two masses (W$_1$ and W$_2$). To find an acceleration, consider the forces affecting each individual mass. Using Newton's second law (with a sign convention of $m_{1}>m_{2}$) derive a system of equations for the acceleration (a).
As a sign convention, assume that a is positive when downward for $m_{1}$ and upward for $m_{2}$. Weight of $m_{1}$ and $m_{2}$ is simply $W_{1}=m_{1}g$ and $W_{2}=m_{2}g$ respectively.
Forces affecting m$_1$: $m_{1}g-T=m_{1}a$ Forces affecting m$_2$: $T-m_{2}g=m_{2}a$ and adding the two previous equations yields $m_{1}g-m_{2}g=m_{1}a+m_{2}a,$ and the concluding formula for acceleration $a=g{\frac {m_{1}-m_{2}}{m_{1}+m_{2}}}$
The Atwood machine is sometimes used to illustrate the Lagrangian method of deriving equations of motion.
# ELKA

ELKA (Bulgarian: ЕЛКА) is a Bulgarian brand of electronic calculator, developed by the Central Institute for Computation Technologies and built at the Elektronika plant in Sofia. The name is a contraction of ЕЛектронен КАлкулатор, or "electronic calculator", and the word elka has, by extension, become the generic name for a calculator.
The first model, the ELKA 6521, was introduced in 1965, shipped from 1966, and used germanium transistors and a nixie tube display. It weighed 16 kg and although some Bulgarian authors claim that it was the first calculator in the world to include a one-key square root function it was preceded in this respect by several models of American manufacturers. Its developers – Lyubomir Antonov, Petar Popov and Stefan Angelov, were the first scientists in the field of electronics to win the highest honour in Bulgaria at the time, the Order of Georgi Dimitrov.
Later, the models ELKA 22 (again, with a nixie tube display) and ELKA 25, (with a built-in printer) were developed. These models had a plastic case and were based again on discrete technology, their numerous phenolic boards being populated with hundreds of transistors, diodes and resistors, plus a magnetic-core memory. Their experimental production began in 1966. These two models proved successful and in 1967 their serial production began in earnest by the Factory for Organizational Technology in Silistra.
In 1969, the Scientific research, study and design institute for electronic calculators was founded specifically for the design of calculators. In 1972 this developed the lighter and more portable, but still relatively large calculator models ELKA 40 and ELKA 42 built around integrated circuits (medium-scale integration). These had again nixie tube displays. Later models in the 1970s were the ELKA 50 and ELKA 1300, which had a similar outward appearance and used vacuum-fluorescent tube displays and relatively expensive but very reliable reed-switch keyboards. Meanwhile, the ELKA 77 was the first electronic cash register.
The first pocket model was the ELKA 101, introduced in 1974. This was the first in a large series, including the scientific ELKA 135. Other models in the 100 series included the ELKA 103, 105, 131 and 130M. These were all designed with export in mind, so all writing on them is in Latin script. The 100 series came in three bright colours – orange, green, and yellow, and their displays could be either red or green.
As of 2013 the factory in Silistra, now named "Orgtehnika", still produces mostly vending oriented machines branded ELKA: cash registers, electronic scales, taxi meters, etc.
# David Radner

David ben Yirmiyahu Radner (Hebrew: דוד בן ירמיהו ראַדנער; 22 February 1848 – 11 November 1901) was a Lithuanian Jewish writer and translator.
He translated into Hebrew Friedrich Schiller's William Tell (1878) and Don Carlos (1879), Salomon Hermann Mosenthal's Deborah (1880), and David Cassel's Lehrbuch der jüdischen Geschichte und Literatur (1886).
# Pinta (software)

Pinta is an open-source, cross-platform bitmap image drawing and editing program inspired by Paint.NET, a similar image editing program which is limited to Microsoft Windows. Pinta has more features than Microsoft Paint. Compared with open-source image editor GIMP, Pinta is simpler and has fewer features.

## Features

Pinta is a bitmap image editor with many features typical of image editing software including drawing tools, image filters and colour adjustment tools. The focus on usability is reflected in several of the main features of the program:
* Unlimited undo history.
* Multiple language support.
* Flexible toolbar arrangement, including floating as windows or docking around the image edge.
Unlike some simple image editing software, Pinta also features support for image layers.

## History and development

Development of Pinta began in February 2010 and was driven by Jonathan Pobst, then working at Novell. The first stable release was in April 2011. In September 2011 Pobst announced that he was no longer interested in developing Pinta. A new group of developers continued the project. Version 1.6 brought improved shape tools and union, exclude, xor, and intersection modes. Version 1.7 was the final release on GTK2.
Pinta is written in C# and uses the GTK+ toolkit and the cairo library. The code adjustment and effect filters, originally came from Paint.NET but otherwise the project is original code.