OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Movses Gorgisyan

Movses Gevorgi Gorgisyan (Armenian: Մովսես Գևորգի Գորգիսյան; 3 December 1961 – 19 January 1990) was an Armenian politician and national hero, one of the leaders of the Nagorno-Karabakh movement. He was one of the founders of the Army of Independence. Widely known for his speeches on the independence of Armenia, he was also an active advocate of Artsakh's independence campaign.

## Biography

Movses Gorgisyan was born on December 3, 1961, in Yerevan, the capital of Armenia. In 1984, Gorgisyan graduated from the Armenian State Pedagogical University's Department of Culture, with the qualification of a stage director and producer. From 1986-1987, he worked at the Theatre of Goris. In 1987, he joined the national movement, becoming a member of the Union for National Self-Determination.
Gorgisyan led the demonstrations for independence in Yerevan which led to him being jailed in 1988. He also was an editor of the Armenian edition of Glasnost magazine. Gorgisyan was the first person to hoist Armenia's tricolor flag on 28 May 1988 for the first time. This was the same day the First Republic of Armenia was founded 70 years prior.
In late 1989, Gorgisyan and several other members of the Union for National Self-Determination founded the Army of Independence (Ankakhutʻyan banak), an armed group which engaged in violent clashes with the Soviet and Soviet Azerbaijani authorities in the Armenian SSR and the Nagorno-Karabakh Autonomous Oblast.

## Death

Gorgisyan was killed on 19 January 1990 during a battle with Azerbaijani forces in Yeraskh near the border villages in Ararat region and was buried at Tsitsernakaberd memorial complex. He posthumously received the highest title in Armenia, the National Hero of Armenia award.
# Kostadin Zelenkov

Kostadin Zelenkov (Bulgarian: Костадин Зеленков; born 11 December 1977) is a Bulgarian football player, currently playing for Brestnik 1948 as a midfielder.
# Mohammadabad-e Kahuri

Mohammadabad-e Kahuri (Persian: محمدابادكهوري, also Romanized as Moḩammadābād-e Kahūrī) is a village in Ahmadi Rural District, Ahmadi District, Hajjiabad County, Hormozgan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 74, in 17 families.
# Need to Control

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic | |
| Global Domination | 9/10 |
| Under the Volcano | Favorable |
Need to Control is the second studio album by American grindcore band Brutal Truth, released on October 25, 1994 through Earache.

## Background

Need to Control is the first album to feature drummer Richard Hoak, who would remain in this position until the band officially disbanded in 2014. Scott Lewis, who played drums on predecessor album Extreme Conditions Demand Extreme Responses, had left before the recording of Need to Control. According to vocalist Kevin Sharp, one reason for the drummer's departing was that "Scott just really didn't like the touring thing."
Sharp cited his personal background in the punk movement as inspiration for recording the Germs's song "Media Blitz": "I always really liked the whole Germs concept. [...] It was like 'We can't really play our instruments but we want to be in a band and we're gonna compensate by being creative. [...] I was always inspired by that mentality, that punk mentality, and that's where I come from. So that's why I like the Germs and that's why we did that song." Mike Williams, singer of American sludge metal band Eyehategod and a friend of Sharp, contributed vocals to the cover version: "Mike was in town when we recorded Need to Control."

## Release

Need to Control was released on CD, cassette, and LP. A box set was also released, containing 5 records: one 5", one 6", one 7", one 8", and one 9". This box set, as well as the Japanese CD, contains four bonus tracks. On September 14, 2010 Earache released a redux edition of Need to Control, which included the bonus tracks from the Japanese release (except "B.T.I.T.B.") plus two more, along with an interview with vocalist Kevin Sharp.

## Track listing

All tracks are written by Brutal Truth, except where noted

## Personnel
### Brutal Truth

* Dan Lilker – bass guitar
* Richard Hoak – drums
* Brent McCarthy – guitar
* Kevin Sharp – vocals

### Additional musicians

* Mike Williams – vocals (9)
* Bill Yurkiewicz – vocals (2)
* Andy Haas – didgeridoo (4)

### Technical personnel

* Steve McAllister – recording
* Colin Richardson – mixing
* Zmago Smon – engineering
* Dave Buchanan – assistant engineering
* Stephen Marcussen – mastering
* Patrick Aquintey – art direction
* Louis Gozik – cover art
* Eddie Bartolomei – photography
# Knapweed Nightmare

Knapweed Nightmare was the first dog trained "to locate a plant within a plant community" which enabled her to track down low densities of invasive non-native noxious weeds. Nightmare is a sable shepherd dog trained by Montana based, Rocky Mountain Command Dogs.

## Description

The concept that detection dogs could be used to sniff out invasive non-native weeds in the same manner they can be trained to locate drugs and bombs came from Kim Goodwin, weed prevention coordinator at Montana State University Bozeman.
Goodwin pitched her idea of using dogs for locating spotted knapweed (Centaurea stoebe) to a local dog trainer in 2003 and the two started working on the project. Nightmare, a shepherd dog in training for scent detection, was chosen to detect the invasive weed.

## Process

For scent work training, her trainer Hal Steiner uses largely positive dog training methods. Without employing food rewards to entice the dog to search for the knapweed, a technique called "game theory" is employed. The dog's attention is fixed to a particular object, like a towel or a piece of plastic tubing that has knapweed wrapped inside. When the dog responds to the scented toy, handlers give her praise. The toy is then concealed in increasingly difficult-to-find locations.
The knapweed detection dog was taught a little differently than normal scent detection dogs- spending at least 10 seconds digging at a rosette of knapweed allows the global positioning system (GPS) attached to her collar to indicate the location of a knapweed find.
Since Nightmare was expected to work on her own out in a large pasture locating small rosettes of knapweed as it invaded an area, she needed to be able to cover the field without chasing after wildlife or stray scents. As her proficiency increased, the trainers added various distractions, to help Nightmare learn to stay focused solely on her task.

## Accuracy

Phase One of the knapweed detection program was successfully completed and field-tested in the fall of 2004. Nightmare has a 93 percent success rate overall in locating the invading non-native spotted knapweed. She followed it up with 98% in the final trials in open fields, demonstrating that dogs can effectively detect low densities of invasive plants.
# Doriones Saddle

Doriones Saddle (Bulgarian: седловина Дорионес, ‘Sedlovina Doriones’ \se-dlo-vi-'na do-ri-'o-nes\) is the ice-covered saddle of elevation 962 m (3,156 ft) on Brabant Island in the Palmer Archipelago, Antarctica, connecting Avroleva Heights on the east to Taran Plateau in Stribog Mountains on the west. It is part of the glacial divide between Laënnec Glacier to the north and Svetovrachene Glacier to the south.
The saddle is named after the ancient Roman station of Doriones in Western Bulgaria.

## Location

Doriones Saddle is located at 64°13′15″S 62°12′05″W﻿ / ﻿64.22083°S 62.20139°W﻿ / -64.22083; -62.20139, which is 730 m (2,400 ft) west-southwest of Opizo Peak, 10.8 km (6.7 mi) northeast of Mount Parry and 6.85 km (4.26 mi) southeast of Blesna Peak. British mapping in 1980 and 2008.

## Maps

* Antarctic Digital Database (ADD). Scale 1:250000 topographic map of Antarctica. Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research (SCAR). Since 1993, regularly upgraded and updated.
* British Antarctic Territory. Scale 1:200000 topographic map. DOS 610 Series, Sheet W 64 62. Directorate of Overseas Surveys, Tolworth, UK, 1980.
* Brabant Island to Argentine Islands. Scale 1:250000 topographic map. British Antarctic Survey, 2008.
# Aqa Bagi

Aqa Bagi (Persian: اقابگي, also Romanized as Āqā Bagī) is a village in Miyan Ab-e Shomali Rural District, in the Central District of Shushtar County, Khuzestan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 158, in 23 families.
# Hirab

Hirab (Persian: هيراب, also Romanized as Hīrāb; also known as Hīru) is a village in Valanjerd Rural District, in the Central District of Borujerd County, Lorestan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 29, in 7 families.
# Lee Samuel Finn

Lee Samuel Finn is an American astrophysicist, former professor of physics, astronomy and astrophysics and former director of the Center for Gravitational Wave Physics at Pennsylvania State University. His research interests are in gravitational wave astronomy.
He is a Fellow of the American Physical Society (2002) , a member of the American Astronomical Society, the Association for Computing Machinery, and the Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics.
Lee Samuel Finn was the founding Field Chief Editor of the peer-reviewed journal Frontiers in Astronomy and Space Sciences, and Specialty Chief Editor for its Cosmology section, in which roles he served from the journal's founding until mid-2018.
According to NASA ADS, as of November 2024 his h index is 89, with 56,583 refereed citations. As of November 2014 his tori index is 33.5, and his riq index is 193.
# Kalateh-ye Aqazadeh

Kalateh-ye Aqazadeh (Persian: كلاته اقازاده, also Romanized as Kalāteh-ye Āqāzādeh) is a village in Qasabeh-ye Gharbi Rural District, in the Central District of Sabzevar County, Razavi Khorasan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 113, in 35 families.
# Gale (given name)

Gale is a given name. It has seen masculine and feminine use consecutively in the United States. Gale as a man's name is from an English surname, ultimately from Middle English gaile "jovial". As a woman's name, it is a short form of the biblical name Abigail. It can also be used as a form of the name Galen, a name derived from that of the ancient Greek physician, meaning "tranquil."
It was almost exclusively a masculine name before 1935; in the later 1930s, it became a popular variant of the feminine name Abigail. Feminine usage surpassed masculine usage in 1940, leading to a further decline in masculine usage, and Gale was predominantly a feminine name when it peaked in popularity in the later 1950s. Its popularity decreased rapidly in the 1960s, falling below rank 1,000 in 1971. In the 1990 census, it was ranked 4,209.

## People called Gale
### Men

* Gale Gordon (1906–1995), American actor
* Gale Harold (born 1969), American actor
* Gale McGee (1915–1992), United States Senator from Wyoming
* Gale Sayers (1943–2020), American professional football player (Chicago Bears, 1965–1971)
* Gale Wade (1929-2022), American baseball player

### Women

* Gale Ann Hurd (born 1955), American film producer and screenwriter
* Gale Benson (1944–1972), British model and socialite
* Gale Brewer (born 1951), American politician
* Gale Garnett (born 1942), Canadian singer/actress/writer
* Gale Norton (born 1954), 48th United States Secretary of the Interior
* Gale Sondergaard (1899–1985), American actress

### Pseudonym

* Gale Storm, pseudonym of Josephine Owaissa Cottle (1922–2009), American actress

### Fictional characters

* Gale Boetticher, from the TV series Breaking Bad
* Gale Weathers, from the Scream films, played by Courteney Cox
* Gale Hawthorne, from The Hunger Games
* Gale of Waterdeep, from the video game Baldur's Gate 3
* Gale, a supporting protagonist of the webcomic Acception
* Gale, a female violet-backed starling in Angry Birds Stella and The Angry Birds Movie
* Gale, a female wind spirit from Frozen 2
* Gale, an epic rarity brawler, from the Supercell game Brawl Stars
* Gale Cumulus, a supporting character from Elemental
* Gale Beaufort, a background character who does not have any lines, from Cars 3
* Gale, a Supporting Protagonist from Digital Devil saga
# Sasun Mikayelyan

Sasun Nikoli Mikayelyan (Armenian: Սասուն Միքայելյան; born 7 November 1957) is an Armenian politician and current member of the Armenian National Assembly. He is a founding member of the Civil Contract Party. During the 2020 Nagorno-Karabakh conflict he was injured in the frontline by shrapnel in the legs.
# Aija Kukule

Aija Kukule (born 1 October 1956) is a Latvian singer.
She performed at the 1981 Mikrofona aptauja with Līga Kreicberga. Their song was "Dāvāja Māriņa meitenei mūžiņu" (English: Dear Māra gave the girl life). The song was later a big hit in Soviet Union and covered by many artists, most famously by Alla Pugacheva. Aija Kukule received the Grand Music Award in 1993.

## Discography

* Naktsputni [with "Modo"]. Melodija, 1978.
* Dzied Aija Kukule [EP]. Melodija, 1980.
* Dzied Aija Kukule un "Dzeguzīte". 1985.
* Raimonda Paula dziesmas. Melodija, 1985.
* Meža gulbji. Mikrofona ieraksti, 1995.
* Labākās dziesmas. Baltic Records Group, 2005.
# Theodore Balina

Theodore Balina (Bulgarian: Теодор Балина/Teodor Balina) was an Ottoman Bulgarian nobleman and leader in the Sanjak of Nicopolis who led the First Tarnovo Uprising against the Ottoman Empire in 1598.

## Life

To him the local merchant from Ragusa Pavel Đorđević writes:
   Lord Theodore Ballina is a first noble in Nicopolis sandzak, which enjoys great influence among Christians in this country because of its noble origin and dignity. Turks watch it in your mouth what you say, and pashas respect him very much and he consulted him on every important issue.
Except Theodore, the uprising was organized by religious leaders, as well as public figures and merchants. These included the Archbishop of Tarnovo Dionysus Rali, Pavle Đorđević and the Sorkočević brothers, with the bishops Theophanes of Lovech, Jeremiah of Rousse, Spyridon of Shumen and Methodius of Thrace and other high-ranking religious figures also taking part in the organization.
The invasion of Wallachian forces under Michael the Brave in the northern Bulgarian lands in the autumn of 1598 provided good conditions for the uprising, as the fellow Christian army would support the insurrection according to the plan. At the time the Ottomans were engaged in the Long War with the Habsburg monarchy. One descendant (may be Theodore Balina) of the medieval Shishman dynasty was proclaimed Tsar of Bulgaria (as Ivan Shishman II) and Tarnovo was briefly liberated, with about 12,000 people gathering.
As a consequence, about 16,000 Bulgarians fled centrally-governed Ottoman territory and crossed the Danube to settle in autonomous neighbouring Wallachia, where they established a Bulgarian community. The leader of the Uprising emigrated to Russia.
# Bon Gahar

Bon Gahar (Persian: بن گهر) is a village in Kuh Shah Rural District, Ahmadi District, Hajjiabad County, Hormozgan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 158, in 41 families.
# 1988 U.S. Women's Hard Court Championships – Doubles

Lori McNeil and Helena Suková won in the final 6–3, 6–7, 6–2 against Rosalyn Fairbank and Gretchen Magers.

## Seeds

Champion seeds are indicated in bold text while text in italics indicates the round in which those seeds were eliminated.
* Lori McNeil / Helena Suková (champions)
* Rosalyn Fairbank / Gretchen Magers (final)
* Mary-Lou Daniels / Candy Reynolds (quarterfinals)
* Jo Durie / Sharon Walsh-Pete (quarterfinals)

## Draw
### Key

* Q = Qualifier
* WC = Wild card
* LL = Lucky loser
* Alt = Alternate
* SE = Special exempt
* PR = Protected ranking
* ITF = ITF entry
* JE = Junior exempt
* w/o = Walkover
* r = Retired
* d = Defaulted
* SR = Special ranking
| First round | First round | First round | First round | Quarterfinals | Quarterfinals | Quarterfinals | Quarterfinals | Quarterfinals | Semifinals | Semifinals | Semifinals | Semifinals | Semifinals | Final | Final | Final | Final | Final |
| 1 | L McNeil H Suková | 6 | 6 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | E Hakami M Werdel | 2 | 3 | 1 | L McNeil H Suková | 6 | 6 | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | E Inoue A Villagrán | 4 | 3 | | K Maleeva L Meskhi | 2 | 2 | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | K Maleeva L Meskhi | 6 | 6 | | | | | | 1 | L McNeil H Suková | 4 | 7 | 6 | | | | | |
| 4 | J Durie S Walsh-Pete | 6 | 6 | | | | | | | L Savchenko N Zvereva | 6 | 5 | 1 | | | | | |
| | C Christian A Grossman | 1 | 2 | 4 | J Durie S Walsh-Pete | 0 | 6 | 4 | | | | | | | | | | |
| | L Allen C Benjamin | 3 | 3 | | L Savchenko N Zvereva | 6 | 4 | 6 | | | | | | | | | | |
| | L Savchenko N Zvereva | 6 | 6 | | | | | | | | | | | 1 | Lori McNeil Helena Suková | 6 | 6 | 6 |
| | S Gomer M Torres | 1 | 2 | | | | | | | | | | | 2 | Rosalyn Fairbank Gretchen Magers | 3 | 7 | 2 |
| | I Demongeot N Tauziat | 6 | 6 | | I Demongeot N Tauziat | 7 | 6 | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | B Bowes C MacGregor | 5 | 6 | 3 | M L Daniels C Reynolds | 6 | 3 | | | | | | | | | | | |
| 3 | M L Daniels C Reynolds | 7 | 7 | | | | | | | I Demongeot N Tauziat | 4 | 4 | | | | | | |
| | P Fendick J Hetherington | 6 | 6 | | | | | | 2 | R Fairbank G Magers | 6 | 6 | | | | | | |
| | K Keil A Kijimuta | 4 | 4 | | P Fendick J Hetherington | 3 | 2 | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | S Meier N Provis | 3 | 4 | 2 | R Fairbank G Magers | 6 | 6 | | | | | | | | | | | |
| 2 | R Fairbank G Magers | 6 | 6 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
# Attorney General v. Hitchcock

Attorney General v. Hitchcock (1847) 154 E.R. 38 establishes the common law "Hitchcock Rule" regarding impeachment of a witness and establishing a test for a collateral matter.

## Case Summary

Hitchcock was charged with the illegal use of an untaxed cistern to make malt by the Attorney General.

## Hitchcock Rule

The Hitchcock Rule (also known as the "Collateral Rule") is a common law rule forbidding the introduction of extrinsic evidence to contradict a witness on a collateral matter. That is, impeachment of a witness as to a collateral fact can only be accomplished by intrinsic methods such as questioning.
Although this test is not found in the Federal Rules of Evidence explicitly it has been imported from the common law under rules 403 and 611.
# Ponte da Mizarela

Bridge of Mizarela (Portuguese: Ponte da Mizarela) is a medieval bridge that crosses the Rio Rabagão, between the civil parish of Ruivães (municipality of Vieira do Minho) and civil parish of Ferral (in the municipality of Montalegre), the Portuguese district of Braga.

## History

It was built in the Middle Ages and was reconstructed in the beginning of the 19th century.
According to a local legend, it was built by the Devil himself.
The bridge was nicknamed "Saltador" ("jumper").
Marshal Soult's army crossed the bridge on 17 May 1809 during the French retreat from Porto. Portuguese militia had refused to destroy the bridge, opting to barricade it instead. Major Dulong of the 31st Léger led the assault on the bridge, clearing the French army's escape to Spain.

## Characteristics

It is implemented in an escarpment, set in rocks with some altitude relative to the riverbed. It consists of a single arch with a span of 13 m (43 ft).
# Laima Vaikule

Laima Vaikule (born 31 March 1954) is a Latvian actress, singer, director, and choreographer, best known in Europe and in the former USSR for such popular hits as "Vernissage" and "Charlie," among other songs.

## Biography

Vaikule was born on 31 March 1954, in Cēsis, Latvia. Her parents moved to Riga when she was three. Young Laima was fond of music and dancing. In 1966, at the age of 12, she took part in a competition of young singers and was noticed. Between 1970 and 1973, she studied nursing at the Vilnius Medical College, while also continuing to sing with a band. Eventually, she became a lead singer with a local band in Riga, Latvia and worked night gigs at local clubs and restaurants for several years. In the 1980s she studied acting and directing at Moscow State Institute for Theatrical Arts (GITIS), graduating as actress and director.
In 1985, Laima Vaikule made her first hit in the Soviet Union. Since 1986, Vaikule has been enjoying a fruitful collaboration with popular Latvian composer, Raimonds Pauls, and Russian poet Ilya Reznik, who wrote such hits as "Vernisage", "Charlie" and "Skripach na kryshe" ("Fiddler on the roof"). She is among the original organizers of the Jurmala Festival of popular music, along with Raimonds Pauls. During the 1980s and 1990s Laima Vaikule was a regular participant at international music competitions and festivals across Europe. Vaikule was awarded the Golden Lyra at the 1987 Bratislavská lýra, was a guest singer and a host at "Jurmala 92" festival, and also took part at "AU music world" in Monaco, among other festivals and competitions. She was awarded the title Peoples Artist of Latvia (1995) and the Grand Music Award (1996) for her special contribution to the music and culture of Latvia.

## Personal life

Vaikule is currently living and working in Riga, Latvia and owns a second home in Moscow, Russia. She is an animal rights activist and a vegetarian.

## Controversy

In a 2018 interview to the Ukrainian press, when asked about performing in the Russian-annexed Crimea, Vaikule responded "I won't go there, whatever royalties they offer me" and explained "I'm a citizen of the European Union, I don't have the right to travel there", receiving criticism from Russian Senator Aleksey Pushkov and several Russian cultural figures. Vaikule later went on Russian national television, where she said her answer had been misinterpreted and what she meant was that the law forbids her from going to Crimea, not that she would not want to perform there. When asked by the anchor, whether she would perform in Crimea if no Latvian law forbade it, Vaikule answered positively.

## Popular songs

* It's Not Evening Yet
* Yellow Leaves
* Vernisage
* What Does the Pianist Play
* Fiddler On the Roof
* Charlie
* On Piccadilly Street

## Awards and honors

* Zlatá Bratislavská lyra (1987)
* Merited Artist of Latvian SSR [lv; ru] (1990)
* World Music Awards (1993)
* Peoples Artist of Latvia (1995)
* Grand Music Award (1996)
* Order of Friendship (2011)
* Certificate of Merit of the President of Latvia (2019)
* Golden Gramophone Award (2019)
# Scott Hutter

Scott Hutter (born August 11, 1997) is a Canadian professional football defensive back for the Edmonton Elks of the Canadian Football League (CFL). He played U Sports football for Wilfrid Laurier. Hutter was drafted by the Elks in the sixth round of the 2019 CFL draft.

## University career

Scott played four seasons of U Sports football at Wilfrid Laurier for the Golden Hawks (2015–18). In his final season of collegiate football, he was named an OUA Second-Team All-Star. In total he played in 130 games accumulating 135.5 tackles, 6.5 quarterback sacks, 13 pass knockdowns, and 11 interceptions.

## Professional career

After being drafted 50th overall in the sixth round by the Edmonton Elks, Hutter spent his first two seasons primarily playing on special teams. In those first two seasons, he played in a total of 15 games and contributed with 16 special teams tackles. Starting in 2022, he began to feature more regularly on the defensive side of the ball. On October 14, 2022, Hutter and the Elks agreed to a two-year contract extension. He finished the season having played in all 18 regular season games, starting in 13, where he had 57 defensive tackles, nine special teams tackles, five pass knockdowns, one forced fumble, and two fumble recoveries.
In 2023, Hutter reverted to playing more as a backup as he played in 16 regular season games, starting in one, where he had four defensive tackles, 17 special teams tackles, and one pass knockdown.