OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Radiometer Assessment using Vertically Aligned Nanotubes

The Radiometer Assessment using Vertically Aligned Nanotubes (RAVAN) was an experiment launched into low Earth orbit on November 11, 2016. It successfully collected data for 20 months.
RAVAN's goal is to test new technologies that help measure Earth's radiation imbalance, which is the difference between the amount of energy received from the Sun that reaches Earth and the amount that is reflected and emitted back into the outer space. Theoretical estimates of the difference in the thermal energy is estimated to be at less than one percent.
The experiment was designed by Johns Hopkins University's Applied Physics Laboratory, in collaboration with NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory.
# Along Came a Dog

Along Came a Dog is a children's novel by Meindert DeJong, and Maurice Sendak. It was a Newbery Medal honor book in 1959.
It tells a story about a friendship of a little red hen and a homeless dog who appoints himself as her protector. A big black dog came to the farm in search of a home. The dog was humble and lonesome. The hen was cocky and secure. A strange and wonderful friendship grew between them.

## Plot

Along Came a Dog is the story of a friendship between a little red hen and a homeless dog. The little red hen lost her toes during the winter when the floor in the hen house froze up. When spring came, her toes fell off in the mud when she walked out the hen house. The homeless dog comes to the farm looking for a home. However, Joe had a bad experience with dogs and took him away from the farm. Joe's previous red flock of chicken were eaten by a pack of dogs. Joe took the dog away twice, but the dog always found his way back to the farm.
The White hens noticed that the little red hen was toeless and started attacking her. The rooster also fought the little red hen instead of protecting her.
Because the little red hen lost her toes, she can not walk up the ramp to the hen house. She sleeps with the dog in the bushes. The dog protects the little red hen from other animals from the swamp. The dog has protected her from weasels, skunks, dogs, and the white hens.
Joe had forgotten to feed the hens, so the hens followed the dog out to the field and swamp to look for food. The little red hen found a perfect spot under a willow tree to build a nest. She didn't want to go back to the barn because she laid an egg.
Back in the barn, Joe found the dog and took him to town so that he wouldn't find his way back to the barn. For the next two weeks, the dog had been lost, and nowhere to be seen in the barn. The dog caught a faint scent of the swamp where the little red hen laid her eggs. He went over to the swamp and found that the little red hen has five eggs in the nest, and they were hatching. When all the eggs were hatched, the dog led the little red hen and her five chicks back to the barn. On the way back to the barn, they were attacked by a hawk. The hawk grabbed the little red hen and tried to fly up. The dog launched himself at the hawk, which flew away. Then the dog, the little red hen, and the five chicks went back to the barn. Joe saw what happened and welcomed them back home.
The dog has earned Joe's trust that it will help protect his hens from danger, so he decided to keep the dog.

## Characters

* Joe "The Man" – Has a crazy habit of talking to animals.
* Little Red Hen – The only survivor of the red flock that a pack of dogs mauled.
* The Dog – Homeless dog that wants to find a home. Becomes friends with the Little Red Hen and protects her.
* The boss – Joe's boss that works in the big farm.
* White Hens – Bullies and takes advantage of the little red hen for not having toes.
* The Rooster – Favors the white hens, and takes advantage of the little red hen.
# Poiana Mare

Poiana Mare is a commune in Dolj County, Oltenia, Romania with a population of 9,047 as of 2021. It is composed of three villages: Poiana Mare, Tunarii Noi, and Tunarii Vechi.

## Geography

The commune is located at the southwestern extremity of Dolj County, 14 km (8.7 mi) southeast of Calafat, a port city on the Danube, and 85 km (53 mi) southwest of the county seat, Craiova.
Poiana Mare is crossed by the national road DN55A [ro], which starts in the port town of Bechet, 82 km (51 mi) to the east, and ends in Calafat. The Poiana Mare train station serves the CFR Line 913, a 7 km (4.3 mi)-long railway that connects the commune to Golenți, a component village of Calafat.

## Demographics

At the 2021 census, the commune had 9,047 inhabitants; of those, 85.53% were Romanians and 4.23% Roma.

## Natives

* Petre Cănciulescu [ro] (1877–?), major general
* Lucian Goge (born 1991), footballer
* Gheorghe Nețoiu [ro] (born 1959), businessman and politician
# Baba Cheshmeh

Baba Cheshmeh (Persian: باباچشمه, also Romanized as Bābā Cheshmeh) is a village in Azari Rural District, in the Central District of Esfarayen County, North Khorasan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 180, in 38 families.
# Hva skal vi gjøre i dag og andre noveller

Hva skal vi gjøre i dag og andre noveller (lit. What Shall We Do Today and Other Short Stories) is a 1996 short story collection by Norwegian author Øystein Lønn. It won the Nordic Council's Literature Prize in 1996.
# Arbuzovka, Kolyvansky Selsoviet, Pavlovsky District, Altai Krai

Arbuzovka (Russian: Арбузовка) is a rural locality (a selo) in Kolyvansky Selsoviet, Pavlovsky District, Altai Krai, Russia. The population was 270 as of 2013. There are 2 streets.

## Geography

Arbuzovka is located 42 km south of Pavlovsk (the district's administrative centre) by road. Kolyvanskoye is the nearest rural locality.
# Serj

Serj (Armenian: Սերժ) is an Armenian given name. Serzh is an alternative Armenian form. Notable people with the name include:
* Serzh Sargsyan (born 1954), Armenian politician, former president of Armenia
* Serj Tankian (born 1967), Armenian-American musician, poet, and political activist
# Khazar hypothesis of Cossack ancestry

The Khazar hypothesis of Cossack ancestry, also known as the Khazarism, Khazar Cossack myth or Khazar myth, is a claim (a "founding myth") that the Ukrainian Cossacks descended from Slavicised Khazars. With traces in the 17th century, it was propagated in the 18th century as an element of the legitimization of the Ukrainian Cossack autonomy. In particular, it was put forth in the Constitution of Pylyp Orlyk. Its origin may be traced to the contemporary Polish historiography.
# Radomysl uezd

The Radomysl uezd (Russian: Радомысльский уезд; Ukrainian: Радомисльський повіт, romanized: Radomysl's'kyi povit) was one of the subdivisions of the Kiev Governorate of the Russian Empire. It was situated in the northern part of the governorate. Its administrative centre was Radomyshl. It included the city of Chernobyl which later became the seat of its own Raion after the uyezd was liquidated in 1923, but before that was the seat of Chernobyl uezd which existed from 1919 to 1923.

## Demographics

At the time of the Russian Empire Census of 1897, Radomyslsky Uyezd had a population of 315,629. Of these, 78.4% spoke Ukrainian, 13.1% Yiddish, 3.9% Russian, 2.3% German, 1.9% Polish and 0.4% Czech as their native language.
# Aleksandr Sereda

Aleksandr Valeryevich Sereda or Oleksandr Valeriyovych Sereda (Russian: Александр Валерьевич Середа; Ukrainian: Олександр Валерійович Середа; born 5 September 1983) is a former Russian and Ukrainian professional football player.

## Club career

Sereda played in the Ukrainian Second League with FC Palmira Odesa and FC Metalurh-2 Zaporizhzhia.
# Katakonozi

Katakonozi (Greek: Κατακονόζι) is a neighborhood in Serres, Greece.
According to local legend, the Byzantine family of 'Kantakouzinos' once possessed the land that now belongs to the neighborhood.
At the end of the 20th century, it was established as a location for the housing of immigrants from former Soviet bloc countries, and has more recently become a hotspot for real estate development projects. As a result, the neighborhood has undergone unprecedented expansion. The neighborhood was the site of a pilot project in Serres to improve mixed waste collection among the densely populated area with many detached houses that had made effective collection difficult in previous years.
# Prokopiou

Prokopiou (Greek: Προκοπίου) is a Greek surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* George Prokopiou (born 1946), Greek shipowner
* Georgios Prokopiou (1876–1940), Greek artist, photographer, and documentary filmmaker
# Yurivka, Luhansk Oblast

Yurivka (Ukrainian: Юр'ївка; Russian: Юрьевка, romanized: Yuryevka) is a rural settlement in Alchevsk urban hromada, Alchevsk Raion (district), Luhansk Oblast (region), Ukraine. Population: 2,882 (2022 estimate)

## Demographics

Native language distribution as of the Ukrainian Census of 2001:
* Ukrainian: 38.99%
* Russian: 60.76%
* Others: 0.14%
# National Liberation League in Palestine

The National Liberation League in Palestine (Arabic: عصبة التحرر الوطني في فلسطين, ʿuṣbat at-taḥrīr al-waṭaniyy fi filasṭīn) was a political party in Palestine, founded in early 1944 by Arab members of the Palestine Communist Party (which had experienced a split between Jewish and Arab members the previous year), Bulus Farah and his followers, and other trade unionists and left wing intellectuals.

## History

The founders included Haidar Abdel-Shafi, Mukhlis Amer, Emil Habibi, Mufid Nashashibi and Emile Toma. It published the al-Ittihad newspaper in Haifa, a journal which still exists. It was the only Arab Palestinian party to support the 1947 UN Partition Plan, in line with the official position of the Soviet Union.
In October 1948, after the formation of the State of Israel, the NLL merged with Maki. Since both Arab and Jewish Communists still hoped to establish two states on the terms of the UN Partition Plan, it was decided that the Maki and NLL party organizations would merge in the areas that the UN had laid out for a Jewish state, while the NLL would continue to exist as an independent party in areas of Israel that were to have been part of an Arab state under the UN plan. NLL leaders were added to an expanded Maki Central Committee. In practice, the NLL quickly ceased to exist within Israel except in name, and in April 1949 al-Ittihad and its Hebrew sister paper, Kol HaAm, quietly dropped all references to the NLL. On July 20, 1949, Egypt destroyed the remnant of the NLL existing in Gaza, arresting 33 people. In 1951, its members in the West Bank joined the Communist Party of Jordan.
# Váhovce

Váhovce (Hungarian: Vága) is a village and municipality in Galanta District of the Trnava Region of south-west Slovakia.

## Geography

The municipality lies at an elevation of 130 metres and covers an area of 15.975 km². It has a population of about 2070 people.

## History

In the 9th century, the territory of Váhovce became part of the Kingdom of Hungary. In historical records the village was first mentioned in 1259. Before the establishment of independent Czechoslovakia in 1918, Váhovce was part of Pozsony County. After the Austro-Hungarian army disintegrated in November 1918, Czechoslovak troops occupied the area, later acknowledged internationally by the Treaty of Trianon. Between 1938 and 1945 Váhovce once more became part of Miklós Horthy's Hungary through the First Vienna Award. From 1945 until the Velvet Divorce, it was part of Czechoslovakia. Since then it has been part of Slovakia.
# Yerik, Belgorod Oblast

Yerik (Russian: Ерик) is a rural locality (a selo) and the administrative center of Yerikovskoye Rural Settlement, Belgorodsky District, Belgorod Oblast, Russia. The population was 559 as of 2010. There are 65 streets.

## Geography

Yerik is located 28 km north of Maysky (the district's administrative centre) by road. Gonki is the nearest rural locality.
# Bogʻot

Bogʻot (Uzbek: Bogʻot, Боғот, باغات; Russian: Багат) is an urban-type settlement and seat of Bogʻot District in Xorazm Region in Uzbekistan. Its population was 4,524 people in 1989, and 10,700 in 2016.
# Faqah

Faqah, (Arabic: فقعة) is an old village in the sub-governorate of Bariq in the province of Asir, Saudi Arabia. It has a population of 2,000 (1970). It is connected with the main road by a 10 Kilometer. In the 1970s a large number of the people of Faqah left the village and immigrated in many directions in Bilad al-Musa.
# Don Maitz

Don Maitz (born June 10, 1953) is an American science fiction, fantasy, and commercial artist. He has twice won the Hugo Award for Best Professional Artist, science fiction's highest honor for an artist. His peers in the Association of Science Fiction and Fantasy Artists have honored him ten times with a Chesley Award for outstanding achievement, and he has received a Silver Medal of Excellence from the Society of Illustrators.
A native of Plainville, Connecticut, he is a 1975 graduate of the Paier School of Art. His art has adorned the covers of books by Isaac Asimov, Ray Bradbury, C. J. Cherryh, Stephen King, Gene Wolfe, Michael Moorcock, and Raymond E. Feist, among others. Two compilations of his work have been published, Dreamquests: The Art of Don Maitz, and First Maitz. He also created the "Captain" character of the Captain Morgan brand of rum.
Maitz resides in Florida with his wife, fantasy novelist and artist Janny Wurts.

## Genres

Maitz's work covers the broad spectrum of Fantasy & Science Fiction and even horror. He has also painted an extensive collection of pirates, including the pirate on the labels of Captain Morgan rum.

## Published works

Don Maitz has published two books featuring his own works entitled First Maitz and Dreamquests: The Art of Don Maitz. Friedlander Publishing Group released two 90-card sets, each with five "chase" cards in 1994 and 1996.
Maitz has also been included in the first book of series concentrating on artists who publish in the realm of Fantasy. This book is Fantasy Art Masters: The Best Fantasy and Science Fiction Artists Show How They Work.

### First Maitz

First Maitz was published in 1988. A detailed overview of the artist's work, his techniques, inspirations, and sketches from start to finished painting.

### Dreamquests: The Art of Don Maitz

Published in 1993, Dreamquests is a collection of Maitz's works. Raymond E. Feist gives the introduction, Maitz gives a few thoughts and then come pages and pages of beautiful images with a glossary at the end to give a title to the image and where it was used - book cover, magazine cover, etc.

## Raiding Parties

Raiding Parties is a pirate-themed card game featuring artwork by Maitz on each card.
# The Apple and the Arrow

The Apple and the Arrow is a children's novella written and illustrated by Mary and Conrad Buff, published by Houghton Mifflin in 1951. It retells the legend of William Tell from the viewpoint of his 12-year-old son Walter. It is set in 1291, during the political upheaval that led to the foundation of the Old Swiss Confederacy.
The Buffs were one runner-up for the 1952 Newbery Medal from the American Library Association, recognizing the previous year's "most distinguished contribution to American literature for children". The Apple and the Arrow is called a Newbery Honor Book in retrospect and may display a silver seal.
# Annabel Mullion

Annabel Mullion (born 1969) is a British actress. She was educated at St Mary's School, Ascot and studied English and Drama at the University of East Anglia. She then completed the 3 year acting course at Central School of Speech and Drama, graduating in 1994. She won the Carleton Hobbs Bursary Award in that year as well.
Her films include Carrington (1995, dir Christopher Hampton),$^{:15}$ Mission: Impossible (1996, dir Brian De Palma), Me Without You (2001, dir Sandra Goldbacher), A Christmas Carol (dir David Jones), Scooterman, and Mother's Milk (2012, dir Gerald Fox) for which she received Best Supporting Actress at Monaco Film Festival 2013 for her role as Mary Melrose.
In 2006 she played Lady Tara Butler in Midsomer Murders “Vixen’s Run”. She also appeared in Emma a TV Mini-Series in 2009 as Mrs Woodhouse.
She has had many parts in television including Law & Order: UK, Doll and Em, Agatha Christie's Poirot, Breathless, Wallander, Midsomer Murders and Lewis.
In 2012 she appeared in the TV Series Lewis “The Soul of Genius” as Thea Falconer. In 2013 she appeared in Agatha Christie’s Poirot “Elephants Can Remember” as Lady Ravenscroft, in Doll & Em “Six” as Woman with Lurchers and in Breathless a TV Mini-Series as Duchess.
Her theatre parts include a nine-month run as Shelia in An Inspector Calls directed by Stephen Daldry, Lydia Languish in The Rivals directed by Braham Murray, and Lady Mary in The White Carnation directed by Knight Mantel. In 2019 she appeared in Bodies by James Saunders (playwright)
From 1996 to 2004 Annabel was the muse of Lucian Freud who created three paintings of her,$^{:303}$ including Annabel and Rattler 1997-1998. She also appeared in Malcolm Venville's book of advertising, celebrity, fashion, and personal photography, Layers.$^{:354,355}$
# Zarabad, Bashagard

Zarabad (Persian: زرآباد, also Romanized as Zarābād; also known as Zarādād) is a village in Jakdan Rural District, in the Central District of Bashagard County, Hormozgan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 163, in 40 families.
# Frog House

Frog House (Polish: kamienica Pod Żabami) is an example of Art Nouveau architecture in the city of Bielsko-Biała, in southern Poland's Silesia Province. It features two frogs seated over the entrance, one smoking a pipe and the other playing a mandolin, while beetles roam freely over the walls.
The Frog House stands on Bielsko-Biała's Polish Army Square (plac Wojska Polskiego).
49°49′25.8″N 19°3′5.4″E﻿ / ﻿49.823833°N 19.051500°E﻿ / 49.823833; 19.051500
* This article about a Polish building or structure is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
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# Kenneth Falconer (mathematician)

Kenneth John Falconer CBE FRSE (born 25 January 1952) is a British mathematician working in mathematical analysis and in particular on fractal geometry. He is Regius Professor of Mathematics in the School of Mathematics and Statistics at the University of St Andrews.

## Research

Falconer is known for his work on the mathematics of fractals and in particular sets and measures arising from iterated function systems, especially self-similar and self-affine sets. Closely related is his research on Hausdorff and other fractal dimensions. He formulated Falconer's conjecture on the dimension of distance sets and conceived the notion of a digital sundial. In combinatorial geometry he established a lower bound of 5 for the chromatic number of the plane in the Lebesgue measurable case.

## Education and career

Falconer was educated at Kingston Grammar School, Kingston upon Thames and Corpus Christi College, Cambridge. He graduated in 1974 and completed his PhD in 1979 under the supervision of Hallard Croft.
He was a research fellow at Corpus Christi College, Cambridge from 1977 to 1980 before moving to Bristol University. He was appointed Professor of Pure Mathematics at the University of St Andrews in 1993 and was head of the School of Mathematics and Statistics from 2001 to 2004. He served on the council of the London Mathematical Society from 2000 to 2009 including as publications secretary from 2006 to 2009.

## Honours and awards

Falconer was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh in 1998.
In 2020, he was awarded the Shephard Prize of the London Mathematical Society.
Falconer was appointed Commander of the Order of the British Empire (CBE) in the 2024 New Year Honours for services to mathematics.

## Personal life

Falconer was born 25 January 1952 at Bearsted Memorial Maternity Hospital outside Hampton Court Palace.
His recreational interests include long-distance walking and hill walking. He was chair of the Long Distance Walkers Association from 2000 to 2003 and editor of their journal Strider from 1987 to 1992 and 2007–12. In 2021, he was appointed a Vice President of the LDWA. He has twice climbed all the Munros as well as all the Corbetts.
# The Legionnaires

The Legionnaires (Swedish: Legionärerna) is a 1968 documentary novel by Swedish author Per Olov Enquist about the Swedish extradition of Baltic soldiers shortly after the Second World War. It won the Nordic Council Literature Prize in 1969.
# Leon White (musician)

Leon R. White (born September 26, 1950) is an American guitarist, author of instructional guitar books, producer, and studio musician. He is also a performer, producer, composer, software producer, and luthier. He has written and edited over 40 books including the guitar instructional books Sight to Sound and Styles for the Studio as well as co-producing the album titled Solo Guitar performed by his friend, Ted Greene.

## Early life

White began working during school repairing guitars and amplifiers at local music stores. He started his professional music career as a sideman playing guitar, bass, and five-string banjo.

## Publishing

Sight to Sound and Styles for the Studio, White's first books, were released in the era of traditional publishing. He later became one of the first adopters of blended media teaching solutions with insert records in books, and companion record albums.

## Recording

White has worked as a recording engineer and jack-of-all-audio trades on movie and TV recording projects, and produced electronic Foley for that medium. During his studio mixing years, White wrote early computer software to control studio consoles for film/score syncing.

## Instruments and sound

White builds custom semi-hollow body guitars under the brand Sunset Guitars. His history with vintage instruments and work with musical instruments and electronics has led him to build custom guitars with proprietary pickups and tone control.

## Effects

White's earlier company, Professional Music Products, distributed music books. Professional Music Products also produced early versions of highly sought after Buffer Pedals from Paul Rivera of Rivera Amplifiers. Rivera and White introduced the Hot Sink and Super Sink power soaks. (Direct Recording Interfaces of this type were designed to safely reduce volume from over-driven amplifiers while recording). Rivera’s Silent Sister is now the standard for that product.

## Associations

White is a founding partner of the new publisher, Six String Logic, LLC to return to his first love of simplifying and accelerating the joy of music for students and players world-wide.

## Personal life

White has been married over 35 years. The couple live with their springer spaniel in the Los Angeles area.
# Second Amendment (disambiguation)

Second Amendment is part of the United States Bill of Rights, protecting the right of the people to keep and bear arms.
Second Amendment may also refer to:
* 1992 Colorado Amendment 2
* 1998 Hawaii Amendment 2, grants the Hawaii State Legislature the right to ban same-sex marriage
* 2004 Missouri Amendment 2, bans same-sex marriage
* 2006 Idaho Amendment 2, bans same-sex marriage, civil unions and civil union equivalents
* 2008 Florida Amendment 2, bans same-sex marriage, civil unions and civil union equivalents
* Australian referendum, 1910 (State Debts), the second amendment to the Constitution of Australia
* Second Amendment to the Charter of Fundamental Rights and Freedoms of the Czech Republic, 2021 amendment which guarantees the right to armed self-defense
* Second Amendment of the Constitution of India, 1952 amendment which removed the upper population limit for parliamentary constituencies
* Second Amendment of the Constitution of Ireland, an omnibus amendment
* Second Amendment of the Constitution of South Africa, which made various technical changes
* Second Amendments, an American country-rock band that consisted of 5 members of the U.S. House of Representatives