# Muriqui, Mangaratiba

Muriqui (also known as Vila Muriqui) is a district of the municipality of Mangaratiba, located within the Greater Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. It is part of the Green Coast. Highway BR-101 passes through the district.
The district has a patron saint, the Blessed Virgin Mary (Portuguese: Nossa Senhora das Graças). Since the 1950s, the local parish has celebrated annually on the 27th of November, the date Catherine Labouré reportedly had a vision of her in 1830.

## Etymology

The district was named after muriquis, a genus of spider monkeys. The name "muriqui" itself comes from a corruption of the word myraqui, of the Tupi language, with the alternates buriqui, barigui and baregui. According to Alcides Pissinatti, in "Management of Muriquis in Captivity" (2005):
   Its approximate meaning is "people that swing as they come and go" and it refers particularly to the large, pale brown monkeys that inhabit forests along Brazil's Atlantic coast, initially assigned the scientific name of Ateles hypoxanthus by Wied-Neuwied (1958).
However, according to von Martius' glossary, the word comes from the Tupi words jemoroo ("to nourish"; muru, "nutrient") and aiké (a contraction of aikobê: "to have", "to exist").

## History
### Colonial era

Prior to 1567, all land that now belongs to Mangaratiba – including modern-day Muriqui – was part of the freguesia of Angra dos Reis, under the Captaincy of São Vicente. After that date, those lands became part of the (Royal) Captaincy of Rio de Janeiro. In 1568, the colonization of the region of modern-day Mangaratiba begins through the distribution of land to the Sá family.
At some point before 1598 – the year Francisco de Mendonça e Vasconcelos [pt] came to Rio de Janeiro to take office as governor – Salvador Correia de Sá [pt] finished building a new engenho (the fifth sugarcane mill of Rio de Janeiro). As per the recounting of Anthony Knivet:
   [...] the same yeere (1598) there came Francisco de mondunsa de vesconsales (Francisco de Mendonça e Vasconcelos [pt]) for Governour to my Masters place, that day the Hulke which the new Governour was in, came to the mouth of the Haven, the Governour Salvador Corea de Sasa (Salvador Correia de Sá [pt]) was at a Sugar-mil that he had newly finished.
The engenho was known as Engenho of Saint Gregory (Portuguese: Engenho de São Gregório).$^{:416}$ According to Vieira de Mello, this engenho was located in Itacuruçá, the district which Muriqui was part of until the middle of the 20th century, and thus later became known as "Engenho of Itacuruçá" (Portuguese: Engenho de Itacuruçá). Additionally, Mirian Bondim claims that this engenho was located in the same place as modern-day Muriqui, and it is referred to by the Mangaratiba town hall as the first construction in Mangaratiba land.
On 8 June 1652, D. Suzana Peixoto and her husband, Dom José Rendon de Quebedo, exchanged an engenho they owned in Irajá, known as "Engenho Fumaça", for the Engenho of Itacuruçá and some farms in Mangaratiba. Prior to this exchange, the governor of Rio de Janeiro Salvador Correia de Sá e Benevides (son of Martim Correia de Sá [pt] and grandson of Salvador Correia de Sá [pt]) owned the Engenho of Itacuruçá.
D. Maria de Alarcão e Quebedo inherited the property after the death of Dom José Rendon and, on 17 May 1718, sold it for 600 mil-réis to priest Nicoláo de Siqueira.$^{:370}$ She donated two thirds of the payment to the local church, "for herself and the souls of all the buried there".
* Map of a part of the state of Rio de Janeiro, c. 1666, making no mention of Muriqui.
* A 1767 map portraying a settlement in Muriqui.

### Late modern period

As a part of a series of expansions to the Central Railway of Brazil (Portuguese: Estrada de Ferro Central do Brasil), on 7 November 1914, the Muriqui train station was inaugurated.
On 1 December 1949, via a legislative decree, the district of vila de Muriqui is delimited on land previously belonging to the district of Itacuruçá, and annexed to the municipality of Mangaratiba.

## Administration

Being a district of the larger municipality of Mangaratiba, Muriqui is subject to the administration of Mangaratiba's prefecture – i.e. its mayor and municipal government. However, a subprefecture dedicated exclusively to Muriqui exists.
The following is a list of heads ("subprefeitos") of the subprefecture of Muriqui:
Heads of the subprefecture of Muriqui :
| Name | Nominated | Exonerated | Duration |
| Demócrito Reginaldo | 1 August 2011 | ? | ? |
| Demócrito Reginaldo | 1 February 2013 | 1 May 2015 | 2 years and 3 months |
| Antônio Marcos de Moura | 1 February 2017 | 1 July 2018 | 1 year and 5 months |
| Adilson dos Santos | 1 August 2018 | ? | ? |
| Fabrícia Guerhardt | 20 November 2018 | 1 April 2019 | 4 months and 12 days |
| Adilson dos Santos | 1 April 2019 | 2 January 2020 | 9 months and 1 day |

## Fauna and Flora

Muriqui is surrounded mostly by Atlantic Forest, which heavily influences its fauna and flora.
* The southern muriqui (Brachyteles arachnoides), after which the district is named
* Cycloramphus eleutherodactylus
* Atlantic ghost crab (Ocypode albicans), known as "maria farinha" (lit. "flour Mary")
* Black mangrove (Avicennia germinans), known as "sereíba"

## Hydrography
### Beaches

Muriqui has direct access to the Atlantic Ocean through the Muriqui beach (Portuguese: Praia de Muriqui), located to the west of Sepetiba Bay [pt] (Portuguese: Baía de Sepetiba). In terms of balneability, the Muriqui beach has been mostly deemed improper for bathing, although there have been recent efforts in an attempt to clean Mangaratiba rivers and beaches.

### Rivers

Muriqui is centered between two rivers, with Rio Catumbi to the east and Rio Muriqui (sometimes called Rio da Prata) to the west.
To mitigate the risk of flooding, both rivers are periodically dredged by the district's subprefecture.

## Culture
### Art

Muriqui is home to an art installation by Japanese artist Mariko Mori called Ring: One With Nature, inaugurated atop the Bride's Veil (Portuguese: Véu da Noiva) waterfall in August 2016 to celebrate the 2016 Summer Olympics. The piece is an acrylic ring that changes in color depending on the position of the sun, and is meant as a representation of a sixth Olympic ring. It measures about 3 metres (9.8 ft) in diameter and weighs around 2 tonnes (4,400 lb).
* View of the art installation from atop the Bride's Veil waterfall.
* View of the art installation from the base of the waterfall.

### Cuisine

Muriqui's most well known delicacy is the cocada (known as Cocada de Muriqui), deemed to be one of the famous sweets of the Mangaratiba cuisine. According to Fabrini dos Santos, a SEBRAE consultant, the cocadas are distinctive enough that they could, at some point, be granted a geographical indication. The district's cocada has existed at least since the construction of the BR-101 highway, and has been sold on its shoulders ever since.
The coconut-based dessert has had such a cultural impact that, in March 2018, the "Cocada Party of Muriqui" (Portuguese: Festa da Cocada do Distrito de Muriqui) was added to the municipality's official event calendar, to be celebrated annually on the last weekend of the month of July.

### Folklore

Muriqui has its own folklore, limited to the region, and separate from the national-level folklore.
The story of the "Vieira Wind" (Portuguese: Vento Vieira) is part of the oral tradition of the district. The tale is usually related to the high-speed winds in the area during winter (roughly in the period from the end of August to the start of September).
According to the Brazilian Archaeology Institute [pt] (Portuguese: Instituto de Arqueologia Brasileira, shortened IAB), there are two different versions of the story. The first and more common one, which has been retold by Mangaratiba's official culture manager Fundação Mario Peixoto, was described by local newspaper Jornal Litoral in 2015 as follows:
The second version, arguably more grounded in reality, although less common, is as follows:

## Sport

Muriqui is the birthplace of a proeminent football player, Luiz Guilherme Silva, nicknamed Muriqui himself. As of October 2020, he plays for Chinese Super League club Cangzhou Mighty Lions. In 2018, he was elected the sixth most influential football player in China's history.
Muriqui is also home to its own football club, Muriqui Football Club – along with the Muriqui Football Club Stadium (Portuguese: Estádio do Muriqui Futebol Clube). Among other events, it hosts the Municipal Veterans Championship (Portuguese: Campeonato Municipal de Veteranos).

## Notable people

This is a non-exhaustive list of notable people born in Muriqui:
* José Leandro de Carvalho (c. 1770–1834), painter
* Luiz Guilherme Silva (1986–), footballer