OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Oltu stone

Oltu stone (Turkish: Oltu taşı) is a kind of jet found in the region around Oltu town within Erzurum Province, eastern Turkey. The organic substance is used as semi-precious gemstone in manufacturing jewellery.

## Location and extraction

Oltu stone, sometimes called also "Erzurum stone", is principally mined in the villages northeast of Oltu town, around Tutlu Dağı (Yasak Dağ) as well as in Alatarla, Hankaskışla and Çataksu villages. The mountainous, rough region with steep slopes is 1,600–1,800 m (5,200–5,900 ft) high.
Oltu stone beds are formed when fossilized trees are subject to diastrophism resulting in folding. Beds of this organic substance are 70–80 cm (28–31 in) in thickness. Extraction is done by digging narrow tunnels and shafts below ground. There are around 600 quarries in the region.

## Properties

It is a very dense mineral-like substance of the nature of coal that does not demonstrate crystallinity. It generally comes in black, but can also be velvet-black, blackish brown, grey or greenish.
Oltu stone's most interesting characteristic is its softness when excavated. It only begins to harden when exposed to the air. For this reason, it can be carved very easily.
It attracts, by way of static electricity, light substances like dust when rubbed. Oltu stone burns bursting in flames, and leaves ash behind.
To distinguish true Oltu stone from the artificial jet, it is rubbed against unglazed porcelain. Real Oltu stone will leave a chocolate brown streak. The structure of Oltu stone, which is remarkably like that of wood, can be seen under magnification.

## Jewellery

Oltu stone is cut or carved in desired form and polished to manufacture various decorative ornaments and utensils like rings, earrings, necklaces, bracelets, tie pins, smoking pipes, cigarette holders, and prayer beads.
# Merry Christmas, Y'all

Merry Christmas, Y'all is the second EP and first Christmas album from American country singer Thomas Rhett. It was released through Valory on October 21, 2022, includes four Christmas standards covers.

## Background

On October 20, 2022, without any previous implications, Rhett took to his social media accounts to announce the EP. Rhett said about the EP, "I wanted to record some of the Christmas songs that my family and I enjoy every year." All songs on the EP are arranged in Rhett's country style.

## Charts

Chart performance for Merry Christmas, Y'all :
| Chart (2022) | Peak position |
| US Top Holiday Albums (Billboard) | 22 |
# Nice Evening

Nice Evening (Armenian: Լավ Երեկո) was an Armenian late night talk show hosted by musicians Aram MP3 and Garik Papoyan. The series premiered on Armenia 1 on October 27, 2017 and ended on December 31, 2019. The series aired on Fridays at 21:35. It is generally structured around humorous monologues about the day's news, guest interviews, comedy sketches and music performances. Popular guests of the show include Marcus Miller, Nikol Pashinyan, Hovhannes Azoyan, Hayk Marutyan, Sebu Simonian, Arto Tunçboyacıyan, Nazeni Hovhannisyan, and Ralph Yirikian.

## Notable episodes
### Episode 1

The episode aired on October 27, 2017. Guests of the show were Armenian actor and producer Hayk Marutyan and Armenia's honored artist Sergey Armen Smbatyan. The episode has approximately 625,000 views on YouTube.

### Episode 2

The episode aired on November 3, 2017. Guests of the show were Armenian politician, journalist, eventual Prime Minister Nikol Pashinyan and American jazz composer Marcus Miller. The episode has approximately 753,000 views on YouTube.

### Episode 3

The episode aired on November 10, 2017. Guests of the show were former minister of education and science Armen Ashotyan and Armenian actor Hovhannes Azoyan. The episode has approximately 606,000 views on YouTube.

### Episode 4

The episode aired on November 17, 2017. Guests of the show were Russian singer Yelena Yesenina and Armenian-American singer, songwriter Sebu Simonian. The episode has approximately 349,000 views on YouTube.

### Episode 5

The episode aired on November 24, 2017. Guests of the show were Armenian musician Arto Tunçboyacıyan and Armenian-American singer, songwriter Armen Abgar Muradyan. The episode has approximately 253,000 views on YouTube.

### Episode 6

The episode aired on December 1, 2017. Guests of the show were Armenian presenter Nazeni Hovhannisyan and Armenian manager Ralph Yirikian. The episode has approximately 664,000 views on YouTube.

### Episode 7

The episode aired on December 8, 2017. Guests of the show were Armenian singer-politician Shushan Petrosyan and three-time former world champion Arthur Abraham. The episode has approximately 454,000 views on YouTube.

### Episode 8

The episode aired on December 15, 2017. Guests of the show were Armenian gynecologist Georgi Poghosyan and Georgian singer Dato Khujadze. The episode has approximately 307,000 views on YouTube.
# Dalaku

Dalaku (Persian: دلكو, also Romanized as Dalakū; also known as Dalakūh) is a village in Dastgerdan Rural District, Dastgerdan District, Tabas County, South Khorasan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 17, in 5 families.
# StarMan

StarMan is a 1996 fantasy novel by Australian writer Sara Douglass. It follows the second book in the series, Enchanter, with Axis marching north with his army to confront a formidable enemy.

## Background

StarMan was first published in Australia on 30 October 1999 by Voyager in paperback format. It was later released in the United States and the United Kingdom in both hardback and paperback formats. StarMan won the 1996 Aurealis Award for best fantasy novel in a three-way tie with Douglass' other novel Enchanter and Jack Dann's The Memory Cathedral.
# Pat Floyd

Hugh Pat Floyd (1910–1988) was an English boxer who competed for England.

## Boxing career

Floyd won a gold medal in the heavyweight division at the 1934 British Empire Games in London.
Floyd was the Amateur Boxing Association four times heavyweight champion in 1929, 1934, 1935 and 1946. He defeated James Howell of the United States in the New York Golden Gloves tournament during 1935. On 8 December 1935 in the Oslo Colosseum; he fought Erling Nilsen in England's first match against Norway. He represented England in the 1934 European Championships in Budapest.

## Personal life

He was a printer by trade and lived at 45 Kerby Street, Battersea in 1935.
# Hillel Markman

Hillel Markman (Hebrew: הלל מרקמן; 1930 – 11 December 2022) was an Israeli ballet dancer. Together with Berta Yampolsky, he founded the Israel Ballet.

## Biography

Hillel Markman was born in Haifa in 1930, to a Jewish family of Russian origin. He studied at the High School and was considered an outstanding athlete.
He later served in the Navy, where he became interested in ballet against the wishes of his father, who hoped that Hillel would complete the full engineering education at the Technion that he had begun at the time. While serving in the Navy, he began taking ballet lessons at the studio of the Haifa teacher Valentina Arkhipova-Grossman, where he met his future wife, 16-year-old Berta Yampolsky.
# Sayat-Nova Avenue

Sayat-Nova Avenue (Armenian: Սայաթ-Նովայի պողոտա Sayat-Nova'i Poghota), is an avenue in the central Kentron District of Yerevan, Armenia. It is named after the 18th-century Armenian poet and musician Sayat-Nova. It was officially inaugurated on 27 October 1963.
The avenue starts with the Marshal Baghramyan Avenue at the northwest and ends up with the Charents street to the southeast.

## Notable buildings

Many notable buildings in the city of Yerevan are located on the Sayat-Nova Avenue. Below is a list of the most attractive structures located on the avenue:
* Yerevan Komitas State Conservatory
* Ani Plaza Hotel
* Hovhannes Tumanyan Puppet Theatre of Yerevan

## Gallery

* Residential building on the avenue
* Hovhannes Tumanyan Puppet Theatre
* The statue of Sayat-Nova
# Allantoma

Allantoma is a genus of woody plant in the family Lecythidaceae first described as a genus in 1874. It is native to northwestern South America (Colombia, Venezuela, Peru, northern Brazil.

## Species

* Allantoma decandra (Ducke) S.A.Mori, Ya Y.Huang & Prance - Peru, Brazil
* Allantoma integrifolia (Ducke) S.A.Mori - Amazonas State in Brazil
* Allantoma kuhlmannii (Ducke) S.A.Mori - Rondônia State in Brazil
* Allantoma lineata (Mart. ex O.Berg) Miers - Amazonas State in Venezuela; Amazonas and Pará States in Brazil
* Allantoma pachyantha (A.C.Sm.) S.A.Mori, Ya Y.Huang & Prance - Amazonas State in Brazil
* Allantoma pauciramosa (W.A.Rodrigues) S.A.Mori, Ya Y.Huang & Prance - Amazonas State in Brazil
* Allantoma pluriflora S.A.Mori, Ya Y.Huang & Prance - Colombia
* Allantoma uaupensis (Spruce ex O.Berg) S.A.Mori, Ya Y.Huang & Prance - Amazonas State in Brazil
# Khalifeh Kenar

Khalifeh Kenar (Persian: خليفه كنار, also Romanized as Khalīfeh Kenār and Khalīfehkanār) is a village in Ziabar Rural District, in the Central District of Sowme'eh Sara County, Gilan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 241, in 63 families.
# The Starry Rift

The Starry Rift: Tales of New Tomorrows is a science fiction anthology of short stories edited by Jonathan Strahan, published in April 2008 by Viking Press.

## Contents

The stories in the book are listed below.
* Stephen Baxter: "Repair Kit"
* Cory Doctorow: "Anda's Game"
* Greg Egan: "Lost Continent"
* Jeffrey Ford: "The Dismantled Invention of Fate"
* Neil Gaiman: "Orange"
* Kathleen Ann Goonan: "Sundiver Day"
* Gwyneth Jones: "Cheats"
* Margo Lanagan: "An Honest Day's Work"
* Kelly Link: "The Surfer"
* Paul McAuley: "Incomers"
* Ian McDonald: "The Dust Assassin"
* Garth Nix: "Infestation"
* Alastair Reynolds: "The Star Surgeon's Apprentice"
* Tricia Sullivan: "Post-Ironic Stress Syndrome"
* Scott Westerfeld: "Ass-Hat Magic Spider"
* Walter Jon Williams: "Pinocchio"

## Inspiration

Strahan asked each of the authors to write a science fiction story aimed at young people, reminiscent of the type of 1950s science fiction stories that are considered to be classic SF juveniles, but that would resonate better with young people of today.
Strahan gave the example of Robert A. Heinlein's The Door into Summer as the type of 1950s SF juvenile he was thinking of, although that novel is not normally classified as one of Heinlein's juveniles, though it was written during the same period.
# Anjirebus-e Sofla

Anjirebus-e Sofla (Persian: انجيربوس سفلي, also Romanized as Anjīrebūs-e Soflá; also known as Anjīrbājsī, Anjīrebūs, and Anjīrebūs-e Bālā) is a village in Dasht-e Hor Rural District, in the Central District of Salas-e Babajani County, Kermanshah Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 63, in 12 families.
# Shurbaz-e Olya

Shurbaz-e Olya (Persian: شوربازعليا, also Romanized as Shūrbāz-e ‘Olyā; also known as Shūrbāz) is a village in Bezenjan Rural District, in the Central District of Baft County, Kerman Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 266, in 59 families.
# Surp Yerrortutyun Armenian Catholic Church

Surp Yerrortutyun Armenian Church (Armenian: Սուրբ Երրորդութիւն Եկեղեցի), is an Armenian Catholic Church located in Beyoğlu Municipality, Istanbul, Turkey. The church was built at the very beginning of the 18th century by four Austrian priests. It burned in 1762 after the reconstruction, it was struck by fire again in 1831 and was rebuilt in 1836. The Church was purchased on May 25, 1857, by Armenian Catholics.
The Turkish name of this temple is Surp Hovhan Vosgeperan Ermeni Katolik Kilisesi, because is it an Armenian church that belongs to the Catholic Church, as opposed to the majority of the Armenian churches in the world, that are part of the Armenian Apostolic Church.
Vosgeperan means Golden Mouthed in Armenian. This church is dedicated to Saint John Chrysostom, He was Archbishop of Constantinople (the previous name of Istanbul), and he is considered an Early Church Father. He was a very notable preacher, famous for his eloquence and his many writings. (Hence the term Golden Mouthed).
This church is located a few steps away from Taksim Square and the famous pedestrian boulevard Istiklal Caddesi. If you are not looking for it, you may miss it, since it is located behind a tall wall in a narrow street. Both the outer wall and the walls of the church are pink.
# Xu Shiyan

Xu Shiyan (born 15 March 1997) is a Chinese judoka. In 2021, Xu competed in the women's +78 kg event at the 2020 Summer Olympics in Tokyo, Japan.
Xu is the gold medallist of the 2021 Judo Grand Slam Tbilisi in the +78 kg category.
# Manurewa Central School

Manurewa Central School is a Primary School (years 1–6) in Manurewa, a suburb of South Auckland, New Zealand. Manurewa Central has celebrated its 100-year school reunion on October 20–22, 2006.

## History

The school began operating from the mid-1850 in Wiri, then known by the name Woodside. The Woodside School operated from the Methodist church, until school buildings were built on the corner of Kerrs Road and Great South Road in 1873.
In 1875, the Manurewa railway station opened, causing the township of Woodside to slowly decline while Manurewa grew. After years of debate, the school moved to its current site, and opened on 8 September 1906. Originally opening with 63 pupils, this had grown to 250 by 1920, and 500 students by 1930. As Manurewa was primarily a rural area, many students rode to school on horseback.
A long-serving teacher, Mr. McNaughton, planted a grove of native trees along the school's north-western boundary. An oak tree was planted at the school in the early 1920s, which became a major feature of Manurewa Central School.
An explosion in growth in Manurewa led to the addition of prefabricated classrooms in the 1940s and 1950s, and the school's swimming pool was opened in 1940. By the 1950s and 1960s, growth in the area led to the opening of many new schools in Manurewa to ease the pressure on Manurewa Central School.

## School policies

Manurewa Central is a Duffy Books in Homes school which provides five or more free books to students annually. Each year, eight year 6 students are chosen to be 'School Councillors'. These school councillors help run the school and organize fun activities for other students to do like; Funtime Lunchtime, Wheels Day, Black out day etc. They support the students in their learning, sports and their future.
# Armenian Ski Federation

The Armenian Ski Federation (Armenian: Հայաստանի դահուկային սպորտի ֆեդերացիա), also known as the Armenian Ski and Snowboard Federation, is the regulating body of skiing and snowboarding in Armenia, governed by the Armenian Olympic Committee. The headquarters of the federation is located in Yerevan.

## History

The Federation was established in 1992 and the current president is Gagik Sargsyan. The Federation is a full member of the International Ski and Snowboard Federation (FIS) and the Small Evolving Ski Nations.

## Activities

The Armenian skiing team participates in various international skiing competitions, including the FIS Alpine World Ski Championships.
In 2018, the European Union supported the development of a cross-country skiing festival in Armenia. The aim was to promote winter sports tourism and offer skiing masterclasses by professional trainers.
# Tanga (cart)

A tonga or tanga is a two-wheeled cart drawn by a single horse. It is used for transportation in the Indian subcontinent. There is a canopy over the body, one seat faces forward for the driver and one passenger, and one seat faces the rear for a second passenger. Some space is available for baggage below the carriage, between the wheels. This space is often used to carry hay for the horses.
Tongas were commonly used in Colonial India by British officers and civil servants. They were used in long distance mail routes and travel, where they changed horses every few miles in the manner of stage stations (posting), averaging 8 miles per stage in rough terrain. Under such conditions, Tongas would be drawn by a pair of horses with a pole, but in contemporary times are pulled by a single horse.
Tangas were popular before the advent of automobiles and are still in use in some parts of the Indian subcontinent. They are a popular mode of transportation because they are fun to ride in, and are usually cheaper to hire than a taxi or rickshaw. However, in many cities, tangas are not allowed to use highways because of their slow pace. In Pakistan, tangas are mainly found in the older parts of cities and towns, and are becoming less popular for utilitarian travel and more popular for pleasure. Tangas have become a traditional feature of weddings and other social functions in parts of the Indian subcontinent.
In India, tangas are also found in rural areas of North India like Uttar Pradesh, Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh, and Punjab. Apart from the modern modes of transport, tangas still offer services at the entrance of bus stops and railway stations to transport luggage and passengers to their destinations in small towns of North India. The culture of the tanga is disappearing due to the speed of modern transportation and the earnings people make. However, there are still some that continue to support themselves and keep the tradition alive. Tourists who come to India still take rides in tangas to experience their Indian charm. They are still among the most appreciated experiences of North India.
* Tanga in Mysore, Karnataka, India
* Tanga in Saharanpur, Uttar Pradesh, India
* Tanga in Darbhanga, Bihar, India
* Tanga on the Indian National Highway 86 in India
# Jorăști

Jorăști is a commune in Galați County, Western Moldavia, Romania with a population of 1,616 people as of 2021. It is composed of three villages: Lunca, Jorăști, and Zărnești.
The commune is situated in the southern part of the Moldavian Plateau, at an altitude of 105 m (344 ft), on the banks of the Bujorul stream. It is located in the northeastern part of Galați County, on county road DJ242H, about 70 km (43 mi) north of the county seat, Galați.

## Natives

* Sorin Frunză (born 1978), footballer
* Ioan Gheorghe Savin (1885–1973), theologian, academic, and writer
# Aripuanã Sustainable Development Reserve

The Aripuanã Sustainable Development Reserve (Portuguese: Reserva de Desenvolvimento Sustentável Aripuanã) is a sustainable development reserve in the state of Amazonas, Brazil.

## Location

The Aripuanã Sustainable Development Reserve is in the Apuí municipality of Amazonas. It has an area of 224,291 hectares (554,240 acres). The reserve lies on either side of the Aripuanã River. It is bounded to the south by the border with the state of Mato Grosso. To the east of the Aripuanã River it adjoins the Igarapés do Juruena State Park in Mato Grosso. To the east it adjoins the Sucunduri State Forest. To the west it adjoins the Aripuanã State Forest.

## History

The Aripuanã Sustainable Development Reserve was created by Amazonas state governor decree 24811 of 21 January 2005. The objectives included preserving nature and the conditions needed to preserve and improve the livelihoods, quality of life and use of natural resources of the traditional populations, and preserving and improving knowledge and environmental management techniques of the traditional populations.

## Conservation

The reserve is an integral part of the Apuí Mosaic, which totals 2,467,243 hectares (6,096,690 acres) in area and contains the Guariba and Sucunduri State Parks; Bararati and Aripuanã sustainable development reserves; Guariba Extractive Reserve; and Sucunduri, Aripuana, Apuí and Manicoré state forests. The conservation unit is supported by the Amazon Region Protected Areas Program.
# Pat Kendall

Patrick Hume Kendall (8 March 1927 – 18 July 1968) was an English competitive swimmer.

## Swimming career

Kendall represented Great Britain at the 1948 Summer Olympics in London. Kendall competed in the round one preliminary heats of the men's 100-metre freestyle event, but he did not advance. Two years later, he won a gold medal in the 3x110-yard medley relay as a member of the winning English team at the 1950 British Empire Games in Auckland, New Zealand. He won the 1947 and 1950 ASA National Championship 100 metres freestyle title.
# Advancement Unification Party

Advancement Unification Party (AUP; Korean: 선진통일당), formerly known as Liberty Forward Party, was a conservative political party in South Korea. This party was created by Lee Hoi Chang, the presidential candidate who lost 2007 presidential elections. On 12 February 2008, the party merged with the People First Party.
The party was absorbed by Saenuri Party on 16 November 2012.

## Human rights activism

In February–March 2012, just before the scheduled national elections, Liberty Forward Party representative Park Sun-young became active in the "Save My Friend" campaign, a series of protests protesting China's policy of forcibly repatriating North Korean refugees; she went on hunger strike in front of the Chinese embassy in Seoul and was hospitalized after fainting; once she recovered she resumed her efforts to raise awareness about North Korean human rights issues. In April, during a speech at an event hosted by the Korean-American Freedom League, Park criticized the Catholic Association for Peace and Justice, questioning its silence on the plight of North Korean refugees and arguing that the Left's anti-Americanism was distracting from much more serious issues: "Defectors) are ruthlessly being killed, so how can you remain completely silent? In the Republic of Korea, there is a wildfire anti-American movement, but they never make a single critical statement against China."

## 2012 election

In the 2012 National Assembly election the party lost all but five of its 18 seats, declining to the fourth position, well behind the left-leaning Unified Progressive Party (which gained seats). Party leader Sim Dae-pyung announced his resignation after the party's poor performance.

## Electoral results

| Election | Leader | Constituency | Constituency | Constituency | Constituency | Party list | Party list | Party list | Party list | Seats | Seats | Position | Status |
| Election | Leader | Votes | % | Seats | +/- | Votes | % | Seats | +/- | No. | +/– | Position | Status |
| 2008 | Lee Hoi-chang | 984,751 | 5.72 | 14 / 245 | new | 1,173,463 | 6.85 | 4 / 54 | new | 18 / 299 | new | 4th | Opposition |
| 2012 | Lee Hoi-chang | 474,001 | 2.20 | 3 / 246 | 11 | 690,754 | 3.24 | 2 / 54 | 2 | 5 / 300 | 13 | 4th | Opposition |
# Common Front

The Common Front (French: Front Commun) was a political alliance in Burundi.

## History

The Common Front was established in 1960 as an alliance of the Party of the People (PP), the Christian Democratic Party (PDC), the Democratic and Rural Party, the People's Emancipation Party, the Murundi People's Voice and several other smaller parties. Based on the local election results in 1960, the Front supplied assigned eight of the ten delegates to a conference in Ostend, Belgium in January 1961, with the Union for National Progress (UPRONA) supplying the other two.
In the September 1961 parliamentary elections the alliance won six seats, of which the PP took four, but was heavily beaten by UPRONA, which won 58 seats.
The PP contested the 1965 parliamentary elections alone, winning 10 seats in the National Assembly and none in the Senate, whilst UPRONA won 21 seats in the National Assembly and 12 in the Senate.
# There Is a Light

There Is a Light (Italian: Il padre d'Italia, lit. ''The Father of Italy') is a 2017 Italian drama film co-written and directed by Fabio Mollo.

## Cast

* Luca Marinelli as Paolo
* Isabella Ragonese as Mia
* Mario Sgueglia [it] as Mario
* Anna Ferruzzo [it] as Nunzia

## Production

The film was produced by Bianca Film with Rai Cinema. It was shot between Rome, Turin, Naples, and the Calabrian region, namely in the cities of Reggio Calabria, Gioia Tauro and Scilla.

## Release

The film was released in Italian cinemas on 13 July 2017.

## Reception

For this film Isabella Ragonese won the Globo d'oro for best actress. The film also received four Nastro d'Argento nominations, for best actress (Ragonese), best actor (Marinelli), best supporting actress (Ferruzzo) and best original story.