OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Novoagansk

Novoagansk (Russian: Новоаганск) is an urban locality (an urban-type settlement) in Nizhnevartovsky District of Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug, Russia. Population: 10,343 (2010 Census); 9,717 (2002 Census); 10,050 (1989 Soviet census).
# Sieglinde Gstöhl

Sieglinde Gstöhl (born 1964) is a Liechtensteiner academic.

## Biography

She currently serves as Director of Studies of the department of EU International Relations and Diplomacy Studies at the College of Europe in Bruges, Belgium, as well as a professor of international relations. Before joining the College she was assistant professor of international relations from 1999 to 2005 at the Institute of Social Sciences at Humboldt University of Berlin.
She studied economics and social sciences at the University of St. Gallen, where she graduated in 1988. She later studied International Relations and Political Sciences at the Graduate Institute of International Studies in Geneva. She previously was a member of the Centre of International Affairs at Harvard University in Cambridge, Massachusetts.

## Books

* The Trade Policy of the European Union. Palgrave, 2018, ISBN 9781349935833.
* Theorizing the European Neighbourhood Policy. Routledge, 2017, ISBN 9781315468679.
* European Union Diplomacy: Coherence, Unity and Effectiveness. Brussels: P.I.E. Peter Lang, 2012, ISBN 978-90-5201-842-3.
* Europe's Near Abroad: Promises and Prospects of the EU's Neighbourhood Policy. Brussels: P.I.E. Peter Lang, 2008, ISBN 978-90-5201-047-2.
* Small States in International Relations. Seattle/Reykjavik: University of Washington and University of Iceland Presses, 2006
* Global Governance und die G8: Gipfelimpulse für Weltwirtschaft und Weltpolitik. Münster: LIT Verlag, 2003
* Reluctant Europeans: Sweden, Norway, and Switzerland in the Process of Integration. Boulder: Lynne Rienner, 2002
* Flexible Integration für Kleinstaaten? Liechtenstein und die Europäische Union. Schaan: Verlag der LAG. (Liechtenstein Politische Schriften, 33), 2001
# Perry v Truefitt

Perry v Truefitt (1842) 6 Beav. 66 is a famous English case where the tort of passing off was first articulated. Leathart made a hair treatment product. He had shown the mixing process to Perry, a perfumer and hair-dresser, who decided to call the mixture "Medicated Mexican Balm". Perry marketed the mixture under the title "Perry's Medicated Mexican Balm". Truefitt, one of Perry's competitors, made a product that was very similar to Perry's mixture, which he marketed under the name "Truefitt's Medicated Mexican Balm", using bottles and labels that looked like Perry's product. Perry filed a bill against Truefitt, arguing that the name "Medicated Mexican Balm" was valuable to his business and that he should have exclusive right to prevent others from using it. The Court denied Perry the right to the name. However, Lord Longdale held that misrepresentation can be grounds for an injunction, stating that "a man is not to sell his own goods under the pretence that they are the goods of another man".
# Khara-Shibir

Khara-Shibir (Russian: Хара-Шибирь; Buryat: Хара Шэбэр, Khara Sheber) is a rural locality (an ulus) in Zaigrayevsky District, Republic of Buryatia, Russia. The population was 175 as of 2010. There is 1 street.

## Geography

Khara-Shibir is located 36 km northeast of Zaigrayevo (the district's administrative centre) by road. Pervomayevka is the nearest rural locality.
# French Socialist Party (1919)

The French Socialist Party (French: Parti socialiste français, PSF), the second political party to exist under this name, was a political party in France founded in 1919 during the Third Republic which emerged from the right-wing of the French Section of the Workers' International (SFIO). The party was an early social democratic party, as opposed to the Marxist SFIO.
The party was weak and merged with the Republican-Socialist Party and the Socialist Party of France-Jean Jaurès Union to form the Socialist Republican Union (USR) in 1935. The USR participated in the Popular Front.
# Tsikada

Tsikada (Russian: Цикада meaning cicada) was a Soviet satellite navigation system including ten Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellites. It transmitted the same two carrier frequencies as the U.S. TRANSIT satellite system. The first satellite was launched in 1974.
# Voznesenka, Duvansky District, Republic of Bashkortostan

Voznesenka (Russian: Вознесенка) is a rural locality (a selo) and the administrative centre of Voznesensky Selsoviet, Duvansky District, Bashkortostan, Russia. The population was 1,217 as of 2010. There are 5 streets.

## Geography

Voznesenka is located 42 km northwest of Mesyagutovo (the district's administrative centre) by road. Tastuba is the nearest rural locality.
# Lambung Mangkurat University

Lambung Mangkurat University (Indonesian: Universitas Lambung Mangkurat) is a public university in Banjarmasin and Banjarbaru, South Kalimantan, Indonesia. It is established on September 1, 1958. Its current rector is Prof. Dr. Ahmad Alim Bachri. It is named after Lambung Mangkurat, the first Negara Dipa's patih (prime minister).

## Schools

The university has 10 faculties.

### Banjarmasin campus

* Faculty of Education
* Faculty of Law
* Faculty of Economics
* Faculty of Social and Politics Sciences
* Faculty of Medicine (Departments of Medicine and Dentistry)
* Department of Architecture (under Faculty of Engineering)

### Banjarbaru campus

* Faculty of Social and Political Sciences
* Faculty of Engineering (all departments include Architecture)
* Faculty of Agriculture
* Faculty of Forestry
* Faculty of Fishery
* Faculty of Medicine (Departments of Psychology, Public Health and Nursery)
* Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences
Since 2011, the Department of Medicine and Dentistry (Faculty of Medicine) has been moved to a new campus in Banjarmasin, adjacent to Duta Mall.

## Academic fraud accusations

In 2024 it was revealed that 11 professors at the university had obtained their position partly by submission of papers in journals operating on a "pay-to-publish basis with minimal peer review and an acceptance rate of nearly 100 percent."
# Gary Phaeton

Gary Phaeton (born February 16, 1985, in Paris) is a French basketball player who played for French Pro A League club Nancy during the 2003-2004 season.
# Corbara, Haute-Corse

Corbara (French pronunciation:; Corsican: A Curbaghja) is a commune in the Haute-Corse department of France on the island of Corsica.
# Thrymsa

The thrymsa (Old English: þrymsa) was a gold coin minted in seventh-century Anglo-Saxon England. It originated as a copy of Merovingian tremisses and earlier Roman coins with a high gold content. Continued debasement between the 630s and the 650s reduced the gold content in newly minted coins such that after c. 655 the percentage of gold in a new coin was less than 35%. The thrymsa ceased to be minted after about 675 and was superseded by the silver sceat.

## History

The first thrymsas were minted in England in the 630s. These earliest coins were created at mints in Canterbury, London, and perhaps also Winchester. Charles Arnold-Baker in his Companion to British History suggests that the impetus for the creation of this coin was increased commerce following the marriage of Æthelberht of Kent and Bertha of Kent, a daughter of the Frankish king Charibert I. Thrymsas originally contained between 40% and 70% gold, but following continued debasement those coins minted after c. 655 contained less than 35% gold. Gold coins ceased to be minted completely by about 675, after which the silver sceat was minted instead. The term thrymsa is used in later Anglo-Saxon texts to refer to a value of four silver pennies. Thrymsas are known to modern numismatists through their discovery in various hoards, notably the Crondall Hoard. The ship-burial at Sutton Hoo, which dates from the early seventh-century contained 37 Merovingian tremisses but no Anglo-Saxon coins. The Crondall hoard by contrast, dated to after c. 630, contained 101 gold coins, of which 69 were Anglo-Saxon and 24 were Merovingian or Frankish.

## Design

Early thrymsas were imitations of Merovingian tremisses or earlier Roman coins. They weighed between 1 and 3 grams (0.032 and 0.096 ozt), and had a diameter of approximately 13 millimetres (0.51 in). Later thrymsas feature various different designs, including busts, crosses, lyre-like objects and Roman legionary ensigns. Inscriptions are also common features, and sometimes appear in Latin script and sometimes in Anglo-Saxon runes.
# Maria of Montpellier

Marie of Montpellier (adapted from Occitan: Maria de Montpelhièr) (1182 – 21 April 1213) was Lady of Montpellier and by her three marriages Viscountess of Marseille, Countess of Comminges and Queen of Aragon.
She was the daughter of William VIII, Lord of Montpellier, by his wife Eudokia Komnene, a niece of Byzantine Emperor Manuel I Komnenos.

## Life

Since her birth, Marie was the legitimate heiress of the Lordship of Montpellier, because a clause of the marriage contract of her parents established that the firstborn child, boy or girl, would succeed in Montpellier on William VIII's death.
In April 1187, William VIII repudiated Eudokia Komnene and married a certain Agnes, a relative of the Kings of Aragon. They had eight children, six sons and two daughters. Although Eudokia entered in a convent in Aniane as a Benedictine nun, William VIII's second marriage was declared invalid and all the children born from this union declared illegitimate, so Marie remained as the undisputed heiress of Montpellier.
Marie married Viscount Raymond Geoffrey II of Marseille, also named Barral, in 1192 or shortly before, but was widowed at the end of that year. Her second marriage, in December 1197, was to Count Bernard IV of Comminges, and at the insistence of her father, Marie renounced her rights over Montpellier in favor of her eldest half-brother William (IX), son of Agnes.
From her marriage with Bernard IV, Marie had two daughters, Mathilde (by marriage Viscountess de la Barthe) and Petronille (by marriage Countess of Astarac). The marriage was, however, notoriously polygamous (Bernard IV had two other living wives) and was finally annulled (some say on Marie's insistence, some say on that of King Peter II of Aragon) in 1201. Marie was once more heir to Montpellier with this annulment, but her father never recognized her and openly acknowledged his son William IX as his heir.
William VIII died in 1202. Marie's half-brother William IX had taken control of the city, but she asserted her right to it. On 15 June 1204 Marie married Peter II of Aragon, and thanks to a revolt against William IX, she was recognized as Lady of Montpellier.
From her marriage with Peter II, Marie gave birth to two children: Infanta Sancha (born in 1205, died aged one) and Infante James, the future King James I the Conqueror (born on 1 February 1208). Peter II immediately attempted to divorce her, hoping both to marry Maria of Montferrat, Queen of Jerusalem, and to claim Montpellier for himself. Marie's last years were spent in combating these political and matrimonial maneuvers. Pope Innocent III finally decided in her favor, refusing to permit the divorce. Marie died in Rome (21 April 1213) on her way back to Aragon, and Peter II a few months later (14 September 1213) at the Battle of Muret. Marie and Peter II's only surviving child, King James I, inherited Aragon and Montpellier.
# Fotinovo

Fotinovo (Bulgarian: Фотиново) may refer to the following places in Bulgaria:
* Fotinovo, Kardzhali Province
* Fotinovo, Pazardzhik Province
# Low-speed pre-ignition

Low-speed pre-ignition (LSPI), also known as stochastic pre-ignition (SPI), is a pre-ignition event that occurs in gasoline vehicle engines when there is a premature ignition of the main fuel charge. LSPI is most common in certain turbocharged direct-injection vehicles operating in low-speed and high-load driving conditions.
LSPI events are random and infrequent, and their effects on impacted vehicles can include very high-pressure spikes, loud knocking noises and sometimes catastrophic engine damage. It's commonly known as "Detonation or Knock". Engine management systems can overcome pre ignition by the means of a knock or detonation sensor. The sensor will detect pre ignition and retard the engines timing to protect the engine from damage. Undesired engine behavior will occur such as loss of performance or power.

## Impact on engine design

Automakers use engine downsizing to help improve vehicles’ fuel efficiency and reduce emissions, and use turbocharger technology to recover power lost in the downsizing process. The presence of LSPI limits automakers’ ability to capture the full potential of turbocharged engines to meet increasing fuel-efficiency requirements and to further reduce carbon dioxide emissions.
Updated oil-performance standards are taking shape to address LSPI. General Motors’ next-generation dexos1 specification (Dexos 1 Gen 2), released in 2015, included an engine test based on a GM 2.0-liter four-cylinder Ecotec that will test for LSPI. The ILSAC GF-6 standard (released in 2020) also include a test for oil-related LSPI events in gasoline direct-injection engines based on a Ford 2.0 L four-cylinder Ecoboost engine. API oil category SP, introduced in May 2020, was designed to provide protection against LSPI.

## Potential solutions

Researchers have been unable to pinpoint a single root cause for all LSPI instances. However, tests involving the use of engine oils have shown engine oils can be formulated to prevent LSPI while maintaining the oil’s basic performances.
Southwest Research Institute (SwRI) launched the two-year Preignition Prevention Program (P3) consortium in 2011 aimed at understanding the source of LSPI and working towards developing a standardized test for lubes / fuels. The consortium's objectives included examining the interaction between fuel and oil in LSPI events, understanding how hardware design could be used to help mitigate LSPI, and identifying fluids that can help reduce LSPI occurrences.
The oil additive industry is also looking at using engine oil additives to suppress LSPI while retaining the fuel-saving benefits of existing engine technologies.
# Bali Sea

The Bali Sea (Indonesian: Laut Bali) is the body of water north of the island of Bali and south of Kangean Island in Indonesia. The sea forms the south-west part of the Flores Sea, and the Madura Strait opens into it from the west.

## Geography

The Bali Sea is sometimes grouped with the Flores Sea for oceanographic purposes; however, in some nautical charts, Bali Sea is written as a distinct sea for navigation. The sea has an area of 45,000 km$^2$ (17,000 sq mi) and a maximum depth of 1,590 m (5,217 ft).

### Extent

The International Hydrographic Organization (IHO) defines the Bali Sea as being one of the waters of the East Indian Archipelago. The IHO defines its limits as follows:
   On the North. A line from the Western Paternoster Island to the East point of Sepandjang and thence through this island to the West point of Gedeh Bay on the South coast of Kangean (7°01′S 115°18′E﻿ / ﻿7.017°S 115.300°E﻿ / -7.017; 115.300).
   On the West. A line from the West point of Gedeh Bay, Kangean Island, to Tg Sedano, the Northeast extreme of Java and down the East coast to Tg Bantenan, the Southeast extreme of the island.
   On the South. A line from Tanjong Banenan through the Southern points of Balt [sic] and Noesa Islands to Tanjong Bt Gendang, the Southwest extreme of Lombok, and its South coast to Tanjong Ringgit the Southeast extreme, thence a line to Tanjong Mangkoen (9°01′S 116°43′E﻿ / ﻿9.017°S 116.717°E﻿ / -9.017; 116.717) the Southwest extreme of Soembawa.
   On the East. The West and North coasts of Soembawa as far East as Tanjong Sarokaja (8°22′S 117°10′E﻿ / ﻿8.367°S 117.167°E﻿ / -8.367; 117.167), thence the Western limit of Flores Sea [A line from Tg Sarokaja to the Western Paternoster island (7°26′S 117°08′E﻿ / ﻿7.433°S 117.133°E﻿ / -7.433; 117.133)].

### Circulation

The circulation and mass water properties in Bali Sea are a continuation from Flores Sea to the Java Sea in the north. In oceanographic, Bali Sea is concerned with the Indonesian Throughflow coming from Pacific Ocean to the Indian Ocean, the flow of which are mostly passing through Bali Strait and Lombok Strait.

## Tsunamis

In a recorded tsunami history, Bali Sea observed several tsunamis. The 1815 Tambora eruption (scale 7 of Volcanic Explosivity Index) formed tsunamis on 22 September 1815 at coordinate 8°00′S 115°12′E﻿ / ﻿8.00°S 115.20°E﻿ / -8.00; 115.20 and three years later (8 September 1818) from subsequent volcanic activities at coordinate 7°00′S 117°00′E﻿ / ﻿7.0°S 117.0°E﻿ / -7.0; 117.0. Two more tsunamis were recorded in 1857 and 1917 with maximum heights of 3 and 2 meters (9.8 and 6.6 ft) respectively.

## Accidents
### 2021

* On 21 April 2021, an Indonesian navy submarine called KRI Nanggala (402) was reported as missing in waters about 95 km (51 nautical miles) north of Bali during its torpedo drill. Few days later, debris was found within 10 nmi (19 km; 12 mi) of the point of last contact and was believed to have come from the submarine. Nanggala was later declared sunk along with 53 people on board, including 49 crew members, 1 commander, and 3 weapons specialists.
# Adelbert Niemeyer

Adelbert Hans Gustav Niemeyer (1867–1932) was a German painter, craftsman and architect.
# Guillermo Marino

Guillermo Andrés Marino (born 2 February 1981) is an Argentine football coach and former player who played as a midfielder.
Marino was known for his teamwork and playmaking ability and could play in the center as well as on the wings.

## Career

Marino started his career with Newell's Old Boys in 2000, he helped the team to win the Apertura 2004. He then endured a six-month contract dispute with the club, he did not play for them again.
In 2005, he signed for Boca Juniors, he has suffered a number of injuries and has often been left out of the team, but he has helped the club to win five major titles.
In July 2007, he signed with Tigres UANL. After his spell in the Mexican side, he came back to Boca Juniors, where he was used mainly as a substitute for Juan Román Riquelme.
In 2010, after six months of being released from Boca Juniors and inactivity due to injuries, Marino signed a 3-year contract with Universidad de Chile. In his first season with the club, he struggled to obtain a spot in the main squad, mainly because of poor form. However, with the arrival of Jorge Sampaoli (who, at first, told him that he wasn't on his plans for the 2011 season) Marino began to improve his form and weight, and was one of the key players that helped the team to win the Apertura 2011.
In 2015, he joined to Atlético de Rafaela.

## Honours

Newell's Old Boys
* Argentina Primera División: 2004 Apertura
Boca Juniors
* Argentina Primera División: 2005 Apertura, 2006 Clausura
* Copa Libertadores: 2007
* Copa Sudamericana: 2005, 2006
* Recopa Sudamericana: 2005
Universidad de Chile
* Chilean Primera División: Apertura 2011, Clausura 2011, Apertura 2012
* Copa Sudamericana: 2011
# Georgios Koulouris

Georgios Koulouris (Greek: Γεώργιος Κουλούρης; born 22 July 2004) is a Greek professional footballer who plays as a winger for Super League 2 club Makedonikos on loan from PAOK B. He also was playing with the Greece national under-19 football team
# Åbjøra

Åbjøra is a river in Bindal Municipality in Nordland county, Norway. It begins in the mountains between the Tosen fjord and the Namdalen valley. The 59-kilometre (37 mi) long river passes through some lakes, including the lake Åbjørvatnet, then past the village of Åbygda, and ends in the Osan fjord, not far from the village of Terråk. It is a small river but good for fishing for salmon or sea trout.
# Veslyana

The Veslyana (Russian: Весляна) – is a river in Perm Krai and Komi Republic, Russia, a left tributary of the Kama, which in turn is a tributary of the Volga. It starts in the southeastern portion of Ust-Kulomsky District of the Komi Republic, about 7 kilometres (4 mi) from the border with Perm Krai. It flows through the Gaynsky District of Perm Krai and into the Kama River 1,193 kilometres (741 mi) from its mouth, 145 metres (476 ft) above sea level, near the rural locality of Ust-Veslyana. The river is 266 kilometres (165 mi) long, and the area of its drainage basin is 7,490 square kilometres (2,890 sq mi).
Main tributaries:
* Left: Travyanka, Ruch, Bolshoy Kub, Maly Kub, Dozovka;
* Right: Bolshoy Chabes, Maly Chabes, Vizyakha, Chyornaya, Utva.
# 1863 Colony of Vancouver Island election

A total of 15 members were elected to the Third House of Assembly of Vancouver Island which ruled from September 2, 1863, to August 31, 1866. This was the last parliament for an independent Colony of Vancouver Island before unification with the colony of British Columbia.

## Constituencies

* Victoria City 4 members to be elected
William Alexander George Young 229 He resigned and was replaced by Charles Bedford Young October 25, 1864, who then resigned and replaced by Leonard McClure February 14, 1865. Amor De Cosmos 211 Israel Wood Powell 203 Joseph Charles Ridge 183. He resigned and was replaced by Selim Franklin on February 1, 1864, who then resigned and was replaced by Charles Bedford Young on May 2, 1866. Semlin Franklin 133 Pidwell 91
* Victoria District 3 to be elected
Edward Henry Jackson 60. He resigned and was replaced by James Dickson on September 22, 1864. William Fraser Tolmie 60 James Trimble 57 Mr Elliott 28
* Esquimalt Town
George Foster Foster 22. He resigned and was replaced by Joseph Johnson Southgate on September 22, 1864, who then resigned and was replaced by Edward Stamp on May 18, 1866. Mr Cocker 14
* Esquimalt and Metchosin 2 to be elected
John Sebastian Helmcken elected by acclamation Robert Burnaby elected by acclamation who resigned and was replaced by John Ash on November 28, 1865.
* Lake District
James Duncan elected by acclamation.
* Saanich District
Charles Street elected by acclamation. He resigned and was replaced by John James Cochrane on November 2, 1864.
* Saltspring Island and Chemainus
John Trevasso Pidwell He resigned and was replaced by George Edgar Dennes on October 13, 1863, who then resigned and was replaced by John Trevasso Pidwell on May 30, 1866. G.E.Dennes (he seems to have received more votes than Pidwell but seems to have been disqualified)
* Nanaimo (vote totals were not reported in the paper)
Charles Alfred Bayley He resigned and was replaced by Thomas Cunningham on January 5, 1866. David Babington Ring
* Sooke
James Carswell elected by acclamation
# Fosforito (disambiguation)

Fosforito is a Spanish flamenco singer born in 1932. It may also refer to:
* Fosforito (sandwich), a popular sandwich in Argentina, known as a Jesuita in Uruguay
* Francisco Lema Ullet (1869–1940), a Spanish flamenco singer known as Fosforito or Fosforito el Viejo
# Judah Ashkenazi

Judah ben Simon Sofer Frankfurt Ashkenazi (Tiktin) was a Polish commentator on the Shulchan Aruch. He officiated as "dayyan" (assistant rabbi) at Tikotzin, Poland, in the first half of the eighteenth century.

## Main work

He wrote Ba'er Hetev (also spelled B’er Heteb) (Hebrew: באר היטב; "Explaining Well"), which comments briefly on the first three parts of the Shulchan Aruch ("Orach Chayim", "Yoreh De'ah", and "Even Ha'ezer"). A similar commentary on the fourth part of the Shulchan Aruch — that is, on the "Choshen Mishpat" — was written by Rabbi Moses Frankfurter, dayyan of Amsterdam. Ashkenazi's work was appended to the Shulchan Aruch in the editions of Amsterdam, 1753 and 1760, and went through many editions.
# Siah Peleh-ye Olya

Siah Peleh-ye Olya (Persian: سياه پله عليا, also Romanized as Sīāh Peleh-ye ‘Olyā) is a village in Mansuri Rural District, Homeyl District, Eslamabad-e Gharb County, Kermanshah Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 46, in 9 families.