OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Headingley Bear Pit

Headingley Bear Pit is a Grade II listed building (officially listed as The Old Bear Pit) in Headingley, Leeds, England. It was formerly part of Leeds Zoological and Botanical Gardens, which closed in 1858.

## 19th century

The Victorian structure, a sham castle facade constructed of rock-faced masonry, consists of two circular castellated turrets with round-arched entrances, linked by a wall with a gateway. On the inside, the circular bear pit is brick-lined and is linked to the facing by two tunnels. The bear was viewed by visitors by climbing spiral steps to the tops of the turrets. Metal railings would have been fixed around the pit, and the bear also had a wooden pole to climb up to be fed sandwiches and buns. The zoo had some smaller cages containing birds, tortoises and monkeys, but the bear pit was the only live animal exhibit. Bear-baiting had recently been outlawed by the Cruelty to Animals Act 1835, so they were kept only for display and scientific study.

## 20th century

Purchase and restoration of the Bear Pit was one of the first acts of the Leeds Civic Trust, established in 1965. It was purchased for £128 in 1966 and restored at a cost of £1,000 by 1968.
The Bear Pit is recorded in the National Heritage List for England as a Grade II listed building, having been designated on 5 August 1976. Grade II is the lowest of the three grades of listing, and is applied to "buildings that are nationally important and of special interest".
In 1983, the Civic Trust applied for planning permission to turn the Bear Pit into an open-air theatre, but this proposal was withdrawn. In 2016, the Trust undertook major rubbish clearance and Japanese knotweed treatment.

## 21st century

In 2023, it was announced that the Civic Trust planned to restore the structure and open it to the public. The charity said it planned to spend about £100,000 on the project.
In June 2024, The Yorkshire Post reported that the pit was set to open later that summer after its "extensive" restoration.

## In popular culture

In 1986, the gothic rock band The Mission, which formed in Leeds, had their first photo shoot at the Bear Pit. In September 2024, the band returned for a new photo shoot, having accepted an invitation to recreate the photo.
# New Tales from the Mountain

New Tales from the Mountain (Portuguese: Novos Contos da Montanha) is a short story collection written by the Portuguese writer Miguel Torga and published in 1944.
# Barrud, Fareghan

Barrud (Persian: بررود, also Romanized as Barrūd) is a village in Ashkara Rural District, Fareghan District, Hajjiabad County, Hormozgan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 44, in 10 families.
# Peshawar Cantonment

Peshawar Cantonment (Urdu: پشاور چھاؤنی, Pashto: د پیښور کنډک) is a garrison located in Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. Although the cantonment is located within Peshawar City District, it is an independent municipality under control of the Military Lands and Cantonments Department of the Ministry of Defence.
Popular areas in the Cantonment are Garrison Rangers Club, Army Stadium Park, Peshawar Services Club, Serena Hotel, Food court, PAF Hospital and others. Peshawar Cantonment is under the rule of the Pakistan Army.

## History

The Peshawar Cantonment was established on the remains of old town site and the graveyard. It was as irregular and oblong in shape as it is today and originally occupied an area of 09 square kilometers. It was occupied by British troops soon after the British annexation of Punjab in 1848–49. After the fall of the Sikh Empire in 1849 and annexation of Punjab to the British Empire, a Military Garrison was established at Peshawar in 1868 by the British colonial authorities on the remains of old town site and ancient grave yards. Peshawar Cantonment now covers an area of 13.64 Sq. Kilometers and is currently under the control of the Pakistan Army.

## Military

Peshawar Cantonment serves as the headquarters of XI Corps.
# Syncopacma mitrella

Syncopacma mitrella is a moth of the family Gelechiidae. It was described by Thomas de Grey, 6th Baron Walsingham, in 1905. It is found in Algeria.
The wingspan is about 10 mm. The forewings are bronzy fuscous at the base, darkening to deep brownish fuscous towards the middle, clearly and straightly defined along the inner edge of a white transverse fascia, somewhat expanded outward from the dorsum to the costa. Beyond this the dark brownish fuscous colouring is continued to the apex with bright shining pale steel-grey scales, each tipped with black, radiating outwards along the margins at the base of the brownish grey cilia. The hindwings are leaden grey.
# Roshanabad railway station

Roshanabad railway station (Urdu: روشن آباد ریلوے اسٹیشن) is located in Pakistan.
# Jerik Aghaj

Jerik Aghaj (Persian: جريك اغاج, also Romanized as Jerīk Āghāj; also known as Jerīk Āghājī) is a village in Dastjerd Rural District, Khalajestan District, Qom County, Qom Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 106, in 29 families.
# Aristeas (sculptor)

Aristeas (Ancient Greek: Ἀριστέας) was part of a duo, along with Papias, of sculptors from Aphrodisium in Cyprus who made the two statues of centaurs, known as the Furietti Centaurs, in dark grey marble which were found at Hadrian's Villa at Tivoli, Lazio in 1746, and are now in the Capitoline Museums.
The statues bear the inscription ΑΡΙΣΤΕΑΣ ΚΑΙ ΠΑΠΙΑΣ ΑΦΡΟΔΙΣΙΕΙΣ. From the style of the statues, and from the place where they were discovered, German art historian Johann Joachim Winckelmann supposed that they were made during the reign of Hadrian. Other statues of centaurs have been discovered, very much like those of Aristeas and Papias, but of better workmanship, from which some writers have inferred that the latter are only copies. The two centaurs are fully described by Winckelmann, and figured by sculptors Bartolomeo Cavaceppi and Giovanni Battista Foggini.
# Popowice, Masovian Voivodeship

Popowice is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Mogielnica, within Grójec County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately 6 kilometres (4 mi) north of Mogielnica, 19 km (12 mi) south-west of Grójec, and 58 km (36 mi) south of Warsaw.
# Bozjani

Bozjani (Persian: بزجاني, also Romanized as Bozjānī; also known as Bozhgānī) is a village in Sang Bast Rural District, in the Central District of Fariman County, Razavi Khorasan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 533, in 142 families.
# Gegham Vardanyan

Gegham Vardanyan (Armenian: Գեղամ Վարդանյան; born 29 March 1988 in Yerevan, Armenia) is an Armenian figure skater. He is the 2005 Armenian national champion.

## Results

| Event | 2003 | 2004 | 2005 | 2009 |
| World Championships | | | | 48th |
| European Championships | | | | 39th |
| Armenia Championships | 2nd | 2nd | 1st | |
# Darbid-e Ali Akbar

Darbid-e Ali Akbar (Persian: داربيدعلي اكبر, also Romanized as Dārbīd-e ʿAlī Akbar) is a village in Vizhenan Rural District, in the Central District of Gilan-e Gharb County, Kermanshah Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 21, in 6 families.
# Darreh Dasht

Darreh Dasht (Persian: دره دشت, also Romanized as Darrehdasht) is a village in Dasht-e Veyl Rural District, Rahmatabad and Blukat District, Rudbar County, Gilan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 11, in 5 families.
# Petarch

Petarch (Bulgarian: Петърч) is a village in Kostinbrod Municipality, Sofia Province, located in western Bulgaria approximately 5 km south-west of the town of Kostinbrod. In the centre there is a monument, several pubs and a computer club. There exists an Orthodox church and a school. There are several buses to Kostinbrod, Slivnitsa and Sofia.
Petarch was first mentioned as Bedriç in an Ottoman record of 1448, later as Bedric in 1520, Petreiç in 1574, Petriç in 1728, Petriçe in 1519, 1574 and 1649. In the 17th-century Boyana Screed, it was listed as ПЄТРЪЧЪ. The official name was Petrich until 1934, when it was renamed to the current form. The toponym is derived from the personal name Peter (Bulgarian Petar, Петър).
# Epitaph of Altamura

The Epitaph of Altamura (Italian: Epitaffio di Altamura) is a monument located in Altamura, Southern Italy. According to historian Ottavio Serena, it was erected right after the visit in city, on 8 April 1807, of Joseph Bonaparte (the elder brother of Napoleon Bonaparte), who had just become king of Naples. According to more recent hypotheses, this monument was instead built in the year 1797, right after the visit of the kings Ferdinand IV and Maria Carolina of Austria in the city of Altamura. The commemorative monument is located in largo Epitaffio (Epitaph square). Although traditionally named epitaph, it is not a funerary inscription but instead a commemorative monument.

## Ottavio Serena's hypothesis

According to Ottavio Serena, Joseph Bonaparte was coming from the city of Taranto. He was returning to Naples, from where he had departed on 21 March of the same year. The representatives of the city of Altamura and a multitude of people went to meet and warmly welcomed Joseph Bonaparte, who stopped to greet the people in the square that was named largo Epitaffio. Joseph Bonaparte stayed in Altamura in the palace of count Viti, he received the hereditary title "Prince of Altamura" and then left. On 9 April the king was in Venosa, and on 12 April he was already back in Naples.

## Michele Marvulli's hypothesis

According to more recent studies by the scholar Michele Marvulli (1996), this monument dates back to the year 1797, when the kings of the Kingdom of Naples Ferdinand IV and Maria Carolina of Austria visited the city of Altamura, as testified by a few sources. In support of this, Vitangelo Bisceglia's chronicles (unknown to Ottavio Serena) state that in 1799 the "royal army" placed two years earlier on the occasion of the visit of the kings was destroyed in the San Martino district (i.e. the area where the monument is located): Another point in support of this is that in Michele Rotunno's chronicle (relating to the events of 1799 to Altamura) the monument is cited in order to indicate the direction in which the fugitives were headed in the year 1799.

## Description

The monument originally contained an inscription, an imperial eagle symbol and a coat of arms. The inscription and the coat of arms were both erased following the restoration and the return of the Bourbons to Naples. The inscription is not readable anymore and the coat of arms is partly unrecognizable.
# Lighthouse of Ponta dos Rosais

The Ponta dos Rosais Lighthouse (Portuguese: Farol da Ponta dos Rosais) is a beacon and lighthouse located along the 200 m cliffs of Ponta dos Rosais near Rosais in the extreme northwest of the island of São Jorge, in the Archipelago of the Azores, Portugal. It includes the main tower and several living quarters and auxiliary buildings constructed for the maintenance and operation of the lighthouse, currently abandoned and in ruins. This includes structures such as a motor-pool, a communal hearth and a series of concrete lavoirs for washing, as well as the larger block devoted to administration and private residences.

## History

There was already a notion, by 1890, that a beacon was necessary on the western coast of São Jorge, and a lighthouse was planned for the region.
In 1956, the project was continued by the Comissão Administrativa das Novas Instalações (Administrative Commission for New Installations), an arm of the Portuguese Navy (with a completion predicted for 1957). Yet, by that time the project continued to be audited by the Administrative Commission of the Navy.
At the conclusion of the building project (in 1958), the installation of the equipment began on 1 May, which included mounting of the dual-optical cathode beacon which permitted a 500-metre focal distance. Power was provided by groups of groups of engines that provided power to its 3000 watt/110 volt acetylene lamp. It was finally completed and inaugurated in 1964. At the time of its construction, it was the most advanced lighthouse in the Portuguese network. It was also a self-sufficient complex, with residences for several families, an independent water supply and a power-source to operate independently from the rest of the parish.
Shortly after the lighthouse was completed, it was abandoned during the 1964 Rosais earthquake, when seismic events and an underwater eruption hit the Ponta dos Rosais, causing damage to 900 homes and 400 buildings in the parish of Rosais. The earthquake caused enough panic to warrant the evacuation of its residents to the neighbouring island of Terceira, which included the temporary evacuation of the lighthouse families. Over time these fears were mitigated and life resumed at the complex.
There was a substitution of the main lamp for dioptic model with 150 mm focal distance, and with 50 watt/12 volt capacity and supported by batteries charged by photovoltaic solar panels. The change, although more efficient, allowed the beacon to be seen for 8 nautical miles (15 km).
Then, on 1 January 1980, a series of seismic events, in the order of 7 on the Richter magnitude scale caused destruction to homes on Terceira, Graciosa, Faial and São Jorge islands. These events caused significant damage to the structure of the lighthouse and buildings, necessitating a complete abandonment of the complex.
The lighthouse was automated and reopened on 5 July 1982.
# Maretsch Castle

Maretsch Castle (German: Schloss Maretsch; Italian: Castel Mareccio) is a castle located in the historic center of Bolzano, South Tyrol, northern Italy. It is a residence rather than a defense construction.
The oldest part of the castle dates back to the 13th century. The present form is due to the members of the Feiler family, who transformed it in a Renaissance castle between 1560 and 1570.
Today the castle is a convention center, but it can be visited after previous reservation.
# MV Isla Bella

Isla Bella and her sister ship Perla del Caribe are the world's first liquefied natural gas (LNG)-powered container ships. Isla Bella is currently used as part of the Florida-Puerto Rico trade, sailing out of Jacksonville, Florida and arriving in San Juan, Puerto Rico on a weekly basis. Both ships were built by NASSCO for TOTE Maritime Puerto Rico and replaced the last of the Ponce-class ships that were previously used for the route. They cost US$324 million to build and each is propelled by a single slow-speed engine capable of 25,191 kW at 104 rpm, which propels the ships at a maximum speed of 22 knots.
Isla Bella has a length of 764 feet and is 106 feet in width. It has a capacity of 3,100 TEU but can carry 20-foot, 30-foot, 40-foot, 45-foot and 53-foot containers. Isla Bella was christened on April 18 before a crowd of 3,400 people. The name Isla Bella is Spanish for “beautiful island”. The name of the vessel comes from Paola Dominguez as part of a partnership with The Puerto Rico Boys & Girls Club and TOTE.

## Engine and fuel

Isla Bella's engine is powered by a single slow-speed MAN B&W 8L70ME-GI dual fuel gas engine. This engine operates on a mixture of LNG and diesel fuel oil, the latter of which is used to ignite the natural gas. The engines are designed to run on as little as 3 percent pilot oil. The result is a 97 percent reduction in sulfur oxides and a 98 percent nitrogen oxide reduction in particulate matter coming from the exhausts. To fuel this engine two 900 cubic meter cryogenic tanks are located aft of the house. The combined weight of these two tanks is 760 tons. These eighty-four-foot-long tanks hold a combined total of 475,000 gallons of LNG.
For the first few years, the ship was refueled from trucks. As of 2018, a dedicated LNG bunker barge and a LNG liquefication plant are being built for the Isla Bella and Perla del Caribe.
# Information economy

Information economy is an economy with an increased emphasis on informational activities and information industry, where information is valued as a capital good. The term was coined by Marc Porat, a graduate student at Stanford University, who would later co-found General Magic.
Manuel Castells states that information economy is not mutually exclusive with manufacturing economy. He finds that some countries such as Germany and Japan exhibit the informatization of manufacturing processes. In a typical conceptualization, however, information economy is considered a "stage" or "phase" of an economy, coming after stages of hunting, agriculture, and manufacturing. This conceptualization can be widely observed regarding information society, a closely related but wider concept.
There are numerous characterizations of the transformations some economies have undergone. Service economy, high-tech economy, late-capitalism, post-Fordism, and global economy are among the most frequently used terms, having some overlaps and contradictions among themselves. Closer terms to information economy would include knowledge economy.

## Knowledge workers

In The Effective Executive by Peter Drucker, Drucker describes the manual worker (page 2) who works with his hands and produces "stuff". The knowledge worker (page 3) works with his head and produces ideas, knowledge, and information.
# Slavena Vatova

Slavena Vatova (Bulgarian: Славена Вътова, born 1989) is a Bulgarian model and beauty pageant titleholder who won the title of Miss Bulgaria 2006.
In 2005, Slavena won the Miss Black Sea contest and a year later in 2006 she was selected as Miss Bulgaria. She represented her country at Miss World 2006. In 2019, she became part of the jury in the program Balgariya tarsi talant.
# Algerian Women's Super Cup

The Algerian Women's Super Cup (Arabic: كأس الجزائر الممتازة للسيدات) is a women's association football competition in Algeria. pitting regional teams against each other. It was established in 2016. It is the women's equivalent of the Algerian Super Cup for men. The winner of the 2016 edition was FC Constantine.

## Finals

| Year | Winners | Score | Runners-up | Venue |
| 2016 | FC Constantine | 0–0 (3–1 p) | Afak Relizane | Stade Omar Hamadi, Algiers |
| 2024 | CF Akbou | 1–0 | JF Khroub | 8 May 1945 Stadium, Sétif |

## Most successful clubs

| Club | Winners | Runners-up | Winning Cups | Runners-up |
| CS Constantine | 1 | 0 | 2016 | |
| CF Akbou | 1 | 0 | 2024 | |
| Afak Relizane | 0 | 1 | | 2016 |
| JF Khroub | 0 | 1 | | 2024 |
* CS Constantine (ex. FC Constantine)
# Açunguí River

The Açunguí River (Portuguese: Rio Açunguí) is a river of Paraná state in southern Brazil. It is a headwater of the Ribeira de Iguape River.

## Basin

The Açungui river basin is the last natural reserve of unpolluted water to supply the metropolitan region of Curitiba. The basin includes the Açungui National Forest, created in 1944 under the government of Getúlio Vargas as the Romário Martins Park, with an area of 3,728 hectares (9,210 acres). The national forest preserves araucarias. The river basin covers about 1,800 square kilometres (690 sq mi).

## Course

The river rises in the foothills of the Serra de São Luiz do Purunã, Paraná. The river rises to the northwest of Curitiba and flows in a generally northeast direction to join the Ribeira River, which flows east into São Paulo. The Açungui valley is steep, with many small canyons and very close to the National Forest, so the environment has been well preserved. There are rapids along the river, particularly in the Canyon do Acalantilado, making it an excellent place for rafting. The Ribeira de Iguape River forms at the confluence of the Ribeirinha River and the Açungui River in the state of Paraná, less than 100 kilometres (62 mi) from Curitiba.
The river's hydroelectric potential has been of interest since the 1950s, but the larger plants on the Iguaçu River gained priority. Large hydroelectric plants, with their large environmental impact, are now out of fashion, and the potential for a series of small hydroelectric plants along the Açungui was being considered in 2015.
# Three Reservists

Three Reservists (Bulgarian: Тримата от запаса, romanized: Trimata ot zapasa) is a Bulgarian comedy-drama war film released in 1971, directed by Zako Heskiya, starring Georgi Partsalev, Kiril Gospodinov and Nikola Anastasov.
The winter of 1945, the First Bulgarian Army is engaged in the battles for the liberation of Hungary from the Nazis during the Second World War. Three men are sent to join the army, but they are completely unprepared and without a clear idea of warfare. They are laughable with their inability to cope with their tasks.
Upon its release, the film won wide popularity. The memorable performances by Partsalev, Gospodinov and Anastasov turned their characters into favorites of the audience. Three Reservists became one of the film classics of the Bulgarian cinematography from those years.

## Cast

* Georgi Partsalev as Ivan Staykov
* Nikola Anastasov as Peyo Vutov
* Kiril Gospodinov as Spiro Stoimenov
* Valcho Kamarashev as the master sergeant
* Stoycho Mazgalov as the assistant commander
* Tünde Szabó as Ilonka (the Hungarian girl)
* Bella Tsoneva as Peyo's wife
* Vasil Popiliev as the commander
* Slavcho Mitev
* Dimitar Yordanov
* Dimiter Milushev
* Gani Staykov
* Nikola Dobrev
* Vasil Yotov
* Vladimir Davcev
* Nikola Dadov
# Suren Shadunts

Suren Konstantinovich Shadunts (Armenian: Սուրեն Կոստանդինի Շադունց; 1898 – 1938) was First Secretary of the Communist Party of Tajikistan between 1934 and 1937.

## Life and career

Of Armenian descent, Shadunts was born in Jabrayil, Elisabethpol Governorate, Russian Empire (now Azerbaijan) in 1898. He received his early education in Shusha. In 1917, Shadunts became a member of the Communist Party. He became an activist for the communist cause in Azerbaijan. In 1921, he went to Armenia and participated in the fighting as a result of the establishment of Republic of Mountainous Armenia. After the Republic of Mountainous Armenia was dismembered, Shadunts became the Executive Secretary of the Municipal Committee in Yerevan in 1923. He became the head of the Department of Water Resources of the People's Commissariat of Agriculture of the Armenian SSR in 1923 and served this position until 1927. From 1928 to 1931, he was the head of the Transcaucasian Water Management bureau.
Shadunts eventually became the chairman of the Central Asian Cotton-growing Company in 1932 and remained at this post for two years. Immediately thereafter, he became the secretary for the Central Asian Bureau of Communist USSR. A year later, in 1935, Shadunts became the first secretary of Tajikistan SSR. In the same year, he was awarded the Order of Lenin for his outstanding achievements in the field of agriculture and for exceeding state plans.
While on a working visit in Moscow, Shadunts was arrested for 'counter-revolutionary' activity and was sentenced to death; his execution took place in 1938.
Shadunts' reputation was formally reestablished in 1957.