OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Köyek, Pestrechinsky District

Köyek (Tatar: Көек, romanized: Köyek) is a rural locality (a selo) in Piträç District, Tatarstan. The population was 9192 2020 as of 2020. Köyek, Pestrechinsky District is located 20 km from Piträç, district's administrative centre, and 19 km from Qazan, republic's capital, by road. The village already existed during the period of the Qazan Khanate. There are 48 streets in the village.
# Sowmeeh-ye Sang

Sowmeeh-ye Sang (Persian: صومعه سنگ, also Romanized as Şowme‘eh-ye Sang; also known as Şowma‘eh) is a village in Kuhsar Rural District, in the Central District of Hashtrud County, East Azerbaijan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 55, in 8 families.
# Khomartaj

Khomartaj (Persian: خمارتاج, also Romanized as Khomārtāj; also known as Khomārtāsh) is a village in Harasam Rural District, Homeyl District, Eslamabad-e Gharb County, Kermanshah Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 284, in 65 families.
# Saint Canius

Saint Canius (Italian: San Canio or San Canione) was a Roman Catholic bishop and martyr, and patron saint of the cities of Calitri, Acerenza and its archdiocese. He may have been a descendant of the Roman gens Cania. He is venerated on 25 May.

## Life and persecution

The principal source of information on the life of Canius is the Passio San Canionis, a document preserved in Acerenza Cathedral.
According to this, Canius was born in Iulia (near Carthage) in the first half of the 3rd century and later became bishop of Acerenza. During the Diocletianic Persecution he refused in the presence of the prefect Pigrasius to worship idols and to acknowledge the divinity of the Emperor. He was thereupon put to torture and then imprisoned, on the assumption that hunger and his injuries would erode his resistance. He continued nevertheless to proclaim the Gospel and with his words and long-suffering converted to Christianity all who came near him.
When the prisoner's resistance was reported to him the prefect ordered him to be decapitated. A violent storm accompanied by an earthquake scattered the soldiers, and in the confusion Canius, with some of the faithful, was able to escape in a boat to Volturno.

## Miracles

At Atella (on the site of the present hamlet of Sant'Arpino), where he preached the Gospel, many miracles were attributed to him. In the amphitheatre of Atella, a man was healed in the middle of a heart attack by the touch of Canius' hand; a blind woman named Eugenia regained her sight; and a boy was cured of demonic possession.
When he was old and ill, Canius retired to a hermitage, where he died. Bishop Elpidius of Atella, when he learnt miraculously of Canius' death, built a little shrine on the site to protect the saint's body.

## Veneration

In about 800 bishop Leone of Acerenza built a cathedral on the ruins of an old shrine and translated the body of Canius there from Atella. In 1080, according to the chronicler Lupo Protospata, the body of Canius was re-discovered, and the newly rebuilt cathedral and diocese were put under his protection.
In 1543, on the occasion of a pastoral visit by Cardinal Saraceni it was observed that it was not possible to see the body of Saint Canius, because it was under a large altar.
In the ambulatory of the present Acerenza Cathedral beneath the altar of Saint Canius his crozier is still preserved, a relic which is displayed and venerated, and considered as a testimony to the Diocese of Acerenza's calling to the mission of evangelisation.
Saint Canius is also venerated in the parish that bears his name, San Canione in Sant'Arpino, in the province of Caserta, where an ancient structure, now known as the Romitorio di San Canione, is dedicated to him. It is believed to be an ancient Christian oratory of the Atellan era, and seems to have been the place where Canius' body was preserved before its translation to Acerenza.
# Indian Territorial Force

The Indian Territorial Force (ITF) was a part-time, paid volunteer military organisation within the British Indian Army, with recruits from British India. Its units were made up of European officers and Indian other ranks. It was formed in 1920, along with the Auxiliary Force, India (AFI), replacing the Indian Defence Force (IDF).

## History

The ITF was created by the Indian Territorial Force Act 1920 to replace the Indian section of the Indian Defence Force. It was an all-volunteer force modelled after the British Territorial Army. The European parallel to the ITF was the Auxiliary Force (India).
After Indian independence, it was succeeded by the Territorial Army in 1949.

## Footnotes

* ↑ "Indian Auxiliary Forces: A Territorial Scheme", The Times, 1 October 1920
# National Audiovisual Centre

The National Audiovisual Centre (French: Centre national de l'audiovisuel or CNA) was created in 1989 and is based in Dudelange, Luxembourg. Its function is to safeguard and promote Luxembourgish audiovisual art. More specifically, it is concerned with photographic, audio and film work created by Luxembourgers or in Luxembourg. The centre also serves as a general exhibition and performance venue.

## Examples of works

* Ray Tostevin's film "Léif Lëtzebuerger";
* Marianne Majerus's photographs.
# Renasak Bon

Renasak Bon (Persian: رناسك بن, also Romanized as Renāsak Bon; also known as Rīnāsokovand) is a village in Blukat Rural District, Rahmatabad and Blukat District, Rudbar County, Gilan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 87, in 14 families.
# Mohammadi-ye Sofla

Mohammadi-ye Sofla (Persian: محمدي سفلي, also Romanized as Moḩammadī-ye Soflá) is a village in Heydariyeh Rural District, Govar District, Gilan-e Gharb County, Kermanshah Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 389, in 91 families.
# Doldim-e Bozorg

Doldim-e Bozorg (Persian: دلديم بزرگ, also Romanized as Doldīm-e Bozorg; also known as Doldīm) is a village in Blukat Rural District, Rahmatabad and Blukat District, Rudbar County, Gilan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 166, in 33 families.
# Oxford University Scout and Guide Group

The Oxford University Scout and Guide Group (OUSGG) is the oldest student Scout and Guide club in the United Kingdom, having been founded in 1919. When Rover Scouts were part of Scouting in the UK, the Group included a Rover Crew, the 13th Oxford. The stated aim of the group is to enable members of the University of Oxford to “maintain, acquire, or renew an interest in the Scout and Guide Movements”.

## History

The group was founded in 1919 under the name of "O.U.B.P. Scout Club", with the first formal meeting held on 24 November that year. Women were first admitted to OUSGG the following year. For a number of years, the Club ran in parallel with Oxford University Rover Crew and Oxford University Girl Guide Club, until 1939, when these merged into the Scout group. In 1940 the O.U. Guide Club was reformed, though it turned out it had never officially disbanded.
Missing records make the exact tracking of various mergers and separations between the Rover, Scout, and Guide groups difficult, but the name Oxford University Scout and Guide Group was officially accepted when the group constitution was rewritten in 1962.
For 50 years the Group camped in the Easter vacation, and the late summer vacation, at the Ennerdale Scout Camp of the Cumbria Scout Country.
The Group was responsible for organising the first two international Scout and Guide camps at Gilwell Park in 1959 and 1961. These events are called Witans, named after the Anglo-Saxon gathering of the wise called a Witan.

## Membership

Its membership mainly comprises members of the University of Oxford; however, within certain limits other people may join. It is affiliated to the Student Scout and Guide Organisation (SSAGO). During the University's term the group meets on Monday nights, with a lunchtime meeting (‘NnN’) held on Thursdays. During University vacations the group goes on trips, the most notable being “Winter Walking” held over the New Year.

## Publication

PostScript is the thrice-termly publication of the Group. It is not only a newsletter informing members, ex-members and old members of upcoming events and activities, but also serves as a permanent record of the group's history. A copy of each new issue is stored in the Bodleian Library at the University of Oxford.
# Dimeh-ye Karim

Dimeh-ye Karim (Persian: ديمه كريم, also Romanized as Dīmeh-ye Karīm; also known as Dīmeh) is a village in Howmeh-ye Gharbi Rural District, in the Central District of Ramhormoz County, Khuzestan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 41, in 7 families.
# Asheqan-e Abedin

Asheqan-e Abedin (Persian: عاشقان عابدين, also Romanized as ‘Āsheqān-e ‘Ābedīn; also known as ‘Āsheqān-e ‘Ābedīn Beyg) is a village in Howmeh-ye Shomali Rural District, in the Central District of Eslamabad-e Gharb County, Kermanshah Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 81, in 20 families.
# Rossano Cathedral

Rossano Cathedral (Italian: Duomo di Rossano, Cattedrale di Maria Santissima Achiropita) is a Roman Catholic cathedral in Rossano, a frazione of Corigliano-Rossano, Calabria, southern Italy, dedicated to the Blessed Virgin Mary as Maria Santissima Acheropita. It is the seat of the Archbishop of Rossano-Cariati, and previously of the Bishops and Archbishops of Rossano.

## History and description

The cathedral was built in the 11th century, with substantial reconstruction in the 18th and 19th centuries. It has a central nave and two side-aisles, terminating in three apses. The bell tower and the baptismal font date from the 14th century, while the other artworks and furnishings are of the 17th and 18th centuries.

## Maria Santissima Acheropita

The cathedral houses an ancient image of the Madonna Acheropita, an image of the Madonna and Child supposedly discovered in the cathedral plaster and not painted by human hand, which is dated to somewhere between about 580 and the first half of the 8th century.

## Rossano Gospels

In the sacristy in 1879 was discovered the Codex Purpureus Rossanensis ("Rossano Gospels"), a Greek evangeliary of the 5th or 6th century of Middle Eastern origin (probably Antioch), which was probably brought to Rossano by a monk taking refuge from the Arab invasions of the Middle East during the 9th and 10th centuries.
The manuscript comprises 188 leaves of parchment dyed purple containing the Gospels of Matthew and Mark and the Epistula ad Carpianum (a letter from Eusebius of Caesarea to a Christian named Carpianus). Although it is mutilated and anonymous, the manuscript is perhaps the most representative testimony of the Byzantine connections of Rossano. The texts are in gold and silver ink, with 15 miniatures showing the most important moments in the life and preaching of Jesus.
# Praemastus flavidus

Praemastus flavidus is a moth in the subfamily Arctiinae. It was described by Paul Dognin in 1912. It is found in Colombia.
# Sàbat Hill

Sàbat Hill (Bulgarian: хълм Сабат, ‘Halm Sàbat’ \'h&lm 'sa-bat\) is the ice-free hill rising to 151 m in Dospey Heights on the Ray Promontory of Byers Peninsula, Livingston Island in the South Shetland Islands, Antarctica. Surmounting Richards Cove to the west-northwest and Barclay Bay to the east.
The feature is part of the Antarctic Specially Protected Area ASPA 126 Byers Peninsula, situated in one of its restricted zones.
The hill is named after Francesc Sàbat from Juan Carlos I Base who, together with Jorge Enrique, made the first ascent of the island's summit Mount Friesland (1700 m) on 30 December 1991.

## Location

Sàbat Hill is located at 62°34′59.8″S 61°08′18.0″W﻿ / ﻿62.583278°S 61.138333°W﻿ / -62.583278; -61.138333, which is 1.36 km north of Battenberg Hill, and 560 m southeast of Voyteh Point that is formed by an offshoot of the hill. Spanish mapping in 1992, and Bulgarian in 2010.

## Maps

* Península Byers, Isla Livingston. Mapa topográfico a escala 1:25000. Madrid: Servicio Geográfico del Ejército, 1992.
* L.L. Ivanov et al. Antarctica: Livingston Island and Greenwich Island, South Shetland Islands. Scale 1:100000 topographic map. Sofia: Antarctic Place-names Commission of Bulgaria, 2005.
* L.L. Ivanov. Antarctica: Livingston Island and Greenwich, Robert, Snow and Smith Islands. Scale 1:120000 topographic map. Troyan: Manfred Wörner Foundation, 2009. ISBN 978-954-92032-6-4
* L.L. Ivanov. Antarctica: Livingston Island and Smith Island. Scale 1:100000 topographic map. Manfred Wörner Foundation, 2017. ISBN 978-619-90008-3-0
# Vissarion of Bulgaria

Vissarion (Bulgarian: Висарион) was a Patriarch of the Bulgarian Orthodox Church in the 13th century. He is the only Bulgarian Patriarch who was not included in the list of Patriarchs in the medieval Book of Boril. The only testimony of his existence is an undated seal reading "Vissarion, by the grace of God Patriarch of the Bulgarians". It is suggested that he presided over the Bulgarian Church during the rule of emperor Ivan Asen II (r. 1218–1241) and was omitted in the lists because he supported the union with the Catholic Church concluded by emperor Kaloyan (r. 1197–1207) and abolished by Ivan Asen II.
Bulgarian historians believe he can be identified with "Patriarch Spiridon", known from a recently discovered hagiography, whose name is not mentioned in any historical sources. In 1238 that Patriarch opposed the third marriage of Ivan Asen II to Irene Komnene Doukaina because it was non-canonical. The emperor, who loved Irene "no less than Marcus Antonius loved Cleopatra" according to contemporaries, had the Patriarch persecuted and executed. The Church refused to acknowledge Irene as empress and had Vissarion canonized as a saint and commissioned his hagiography.
# Maran-e Sofla

Maran-e Sofla (Persian: مران سفلی, also Romanized as Marān-e Soflá and Marrān-e Soflá) is a village in Kani Shirin Rural District, Karaftu District, Divandarreh County, Kurdistan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 167, in 37 families. The village is populated by Kurds.
# Göydərə

Göydərə (also Gjoydara and Goydere), formerly Norashen (Armenian: Նորաշեն, romanized: Norašen), is a village and municipality in the Julfa District of Nakhchivan, Azerbaijan. It is located 32 km in the north from the district center, on the right bank of the Alinjachay River, on the slope of the Zangezur ridge. Its population is busy with vine-growing, farming and animal husbandry.
There are a secondary school, a cultural house, a library, a communication center, a pensioners' club and a medical center in the village. It has a population of 1,332.

## History

Based on surviving manuscripts, Norashen ("New village" in Armenian), was an important center for scriptorium production from the 14th to the 18th century. In the village was an Armenian church, named Surp Astvatsatsin, a domeless basilica that dated back to the 9th or 10th century. It survived at least into the 1990s but is presumed to have been demolished sometime after that. In 1992 the name of the village was changed to Goydara ("Green valley").

## Historical and archaeological monuments
### Goydara Necropolis

Goydara Necropolis - an Armenian cemetery from the Middle Ages, is located to the north-west of Goydara village, on the slope of a mountain. It is surrounded in the west with the valley, in the north with the mountain range, and in the east and south with the Goydara village. The gravestones include khatchkars, ram-shaped stones like those at the Julfa cemetery, and simpler rectangular chest-shaped stones. Exploration research works were carried out in 1990–91. All of the graves are in the east and west direction. The gravestones were kept. Stones for the chest on the graves are in a square prismatic shape. On the sides of some of the graves are relief carvings, including rifles and swords. There is the sign of an arrow on one of the ram stones. It is supposed that the monument belongs to the 13–17 centuries.

### St. Astvatsatsin Monastery

St. Astvatsatsin Monastery was a 10th-century Armenian monastery located in the center of the village and was destroyed at some point between 1997 and 2001.
# Viktor Vidović

Viktor Vidović (born 1973) is a Croatian classical guitarist.

## Early years

Born in Karlovac, Croatia, Viktor Vidović came from a well-known musical family, whose influence on his achievements was significant. His sister, Ana, was introduced to music by him and eventually became an internationally recognised guitar virtuoso.
At 12, he had his first solo concert. At 13, he was awarded first place at competitions in Croatia and the former Yugoslavia, coming far in front of rivals, generations above him. At 14 he enrolled in the Geneva Conservatory, in the class of Brazilian guitarist Maria Livia Sao Marcos, under whose guidance he took the first place at CIEM, the Geneva International Music Competition, becoming the youngest winner in the history of the competition, taking the Villa Lobos Prize and the Patek Philippe Prize for distinguished musical interpretation.
He completed his studies at Geneva Conservatory at 16 with a diploma and "the first prize for virtuosity" by way of special recognition. He completed a course at Salzburg's Mozarteum under professor Matthias Seidel at the age of 21, earning a degree of Master of Arts. During his studies he was awarded the Franz Kossak Prize and a prize of the Austrian Ministry of Culture and also won the special prize for the interpretation of contemporary music at the International Music Competition in Templin.

## Development

In the early 1990s he began attending the master classes of Leo Brouwer, Eliot Fisk and David Tannenbaum. In 2000, he was a finalist at the Rene Bartoli competition in France in 2000 and was awarded with a special audience prize.
Vidović has spent a great deal of time studying composition, creating original compositions and transcriptions for the classical guitar. He has also explored other genres such as jazz, Latino and original ethno music of various cultures. He is noted in particular for his recitals of Croatian dances including works by Boris Papandopulo and Bruno Krajcar. He has performed Balun, a popular Istrian dance by Bruno Krajcar with his sister.

## Concerts

He has performed in the top concert halls all around Europe, including Italy, Germany, France, Spain, Portugal, Belgium, Russia, Austria, Hungary, Macedonia, Slovenia, Holland and elsewhere. He has performed with the Zagreb Philharmonic Orchestra, the Orchestre de la Suisse Romande and Stuttgart Philharmonic Orchestra. He is also a guitar teacher, and he leads numerous masterclasses, including the masterclass at Medulin, Istria every June. He performed at a concert in Hong Kong with the Moscow Philharmonic orchestra in October 2017.

## Private life

He is the older brother of Ana Vidović.
# Yowler

Maryn Jones, known by the stage name Yowler, is an American musician. Jones is the guitarist and lead vocalist of the band All Dogs and formerly a member of the band Saintseneca.

## History

Jones released their first album under the name Yowler in 2015, titled The Offer. In 2017, Jones released their second album as Yowler, Black Dog in My Path.

## Backing Band

* John Samuels – guitar, casio
* Chelsea Dirck – bass guitar
* Tony Richards – drums

## Discography

Studio albums
* The Offer (2015, Double Double Whammy)
* Black Dog in My Path (2018, Double Double Whammy)
# Boscia angustifolia

Boscia angustifolia is a shrub or small tree with lanceolate leaves commonly found in the savannah zones of Africa, from Senegal moving eastwards to Sudan. It is part of the Capparaceae family. The plant is also known as the rough-leaved shepherds tree.

## Description

It is a smooth, grey barked shrub or small tree that is capable of reaching 7 m (23 ft) in height and with a short trunk. It has leaves with simple, alternate arrangement; leaf-blade is lanceolate to oblong outline with a coriaceous and glabrous upper surface, short, fine hairs beneath; it is 1.5-5 cm long and 1-1.5 cm wide, petiole is 2-7 mm long. Flowers are greenish to white, terminal or axillary clustered in raceme type of inflorescence. Fruit is spherical berries, about 6-10 mm in diameter.

## Distribution

Occurs in the Sudan and Sahel zones of West Africa, from Senegal to Nigeria and eastwards towards the Red Sea where it has been identified in Sudan and Egypt then southwards towards Northern South Africa.

## Chemistry

Test on parts of the species identified the methylated flavonoid, ombuin, the carboxylic acid compounds: lactic and quinic acid, and about three nitrogen methyl compounds including 1-methyl imino thieno [3,4b] naphthalene.

## Uses

The roots are used in decoctions to treat a variety of bacteria infection and other health issues including diarrhea, pneumonia, urinary tract infection, chest pain and boil. Its leaves and fruit are used to induce purging and to act as a cholagogue.
# Darmodar Aghost Pass

Darmodar Haghost Pass (el. 14,747 ft.) links Jundoli village, along the Gilgit River 10km upstream from its confluence with the Iskhoman River, with Dal Sandhi in Yasin in Pakistan.
# Goli Bolagh-e Gonbadlu

Goli Bolagh-e Gonbadlu (Persian: گلي بلاغ گنبدلو, also Romanized as Golī Bolāgh-e Gonbadlū; also known as Golī Bolāghī) is a village in Qaranqu Rural District, in the Central District of Hashtrud County, East Azerbaijan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 43, in 12 families.
# Great Comet of 1618

C/1618 W1 is a comet that was visible to the naked eye in 1618 and 1619. It is classified as a "Great Comet" due to its extraordinary brightness and its long tail, measuring up to 90° long.
It was the first comet to be observed with telescopes (along with two smaller ones of the same year) . While leading scientists at the time made precise observations, others discussed at a colloquium whether these comets were divine signs because of the war that had just broken out across Europe, or purely natural phenomena.

## Discovery and observation

Three comets were visible in the naked eye in 1618. The brightest of these is probably the one first observed in November 25. Two Chinese texts reported the sighting of the comet on the morning of November 26, with its tail measuring 10° long across the sky, pointed to the southeast.
It is possible that the comet was discovered earlier in Persia, where the Spanish ambassador García de Silva y Figueroa had seen it in Isfahan a day or two earlier. However, his reports are inaccurate in this regard. He described it as diffuse and of the color and brightness of Venus in the eastern sky. Sightings were also made in Korea, the Moluccas, and the Philippines
In Europe, the comet was observed by many astronomers from the end of November. Johannes Kepler saw it in Linz on the morning of November 29th and was able to measure its orbit until January 7th. The Swiss Jesuit Johann Baptist Cysat observed the comet from Ingolstadt from December 1st. On December 9th, he reported a tail length of 70°. In England, the astronomer John Bainbridge observed it from November 28th to December 26th and drew maps showing the comet's position in the sky. From his observations, he concluded that the comet was ten times further away from the Earth than the Moon.