OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Palace Chapel (Buda Castle)

The medieval Palace Chapel (Hungarian: Várkápolna; formerly Alamizsnás Szent János-kápolna) in Buda Castle was built in the 15th century by King Sigismund as the lower chapel of the former Castle Church. The Gothic chapel, which survived the destruction of the 1686 siege, was buried under a Baroque terrace for centuries. After its reconstruction in 1963 became part of the exhibition of the Budapest History Museum.

## History

The first chapel in Buda Castle was probably built in the 14th century during the reign of Louis I of Hungary. The chapel was mentioned in the Chronicle of Eberhard Windecke. Windecke claimed that Charles II of Hungary was attacked by his murderers in 1386 in a room from which the royal chapel could be seen: "konig Karle von Nopols erslagen zü Ofen in der vesten in der stuben, do man sicht in die capell." The chapel was also mentioned in the Chronicle of Lorenzo de Monacis, written around 1390.
King Sigismund thoroughly rebuilt the old Anjou palace during the first decades of the 15th century. He erected a splendid Gothic church in place of the former chapel. Its façade was facing towards the inner palace courtyard, and the long chancel was projecting from the eastern side of the palace. The chancel was built upon a lower church, a solution which was necessitated by the lack of space on the narrow plateau. It had a 21 m (69 ft)-long nave and an 11 m (36 ft)-long chancel. Two-storeyed royal chapels were not uncommon in medieval Europe. The flamboyant Royal Church of Buda Castle was similar to the more famous Sainte-Chapelle in Paris.
The archeological research proved the dating of the church, because 15th century strata were discovered under the intact brick floor of the lower church.
In November 1489 Sultan Bayezid II sent the relics of John the Almoner to King Matthias Corvinus. The King placed the relics in the Royal Chapel which was re-dedicated and embellished with Renaissance furniture.
In 1526 Buda was plundered by the Ottoman Turks after the Battle of Mohács. The relics were rescued in time and carried to Pressburg where they are still kept today. A surviving church inventory from 1530 still shows the wealth of furnishings. Later King John Zápolya converted the lower church into a bastion. The large Gothic windows were walled up, only the new, rectangular loopholes were left open.
In 1541 the Ottoman Turks captured Buda without fight and the Royal Church ceased to be a place of Christian worship. The upper church was destroyed in the 1686 siege of Buda and the ruins were demolished in 1715. The vault of the lower church fell down and the interior was filled with rubbish. The remains were buried under the new Baroque terrace for two centuries.
The ruins of the lower church were discovered by archeologists in 1949-50. The remains were buried in 1953 because of conceptional disputes about the possible reconstruction. The chapel was finally reconstructed by 1963. It was re-consecrated in 1990.
# Unification Day (Bulgaria)

Unification Day (Bulgarian: Ден на Съединението, romanized: Den na Saedinenieto) on 6 September is a national holiday of Bulgaria. It commemorates the unification of Eastern Rumelia and the Principality of Bulgaria in 1885.
By the terms of the Treaty of Berlin (1878), Southern Bulgaria (named Eastern Roumelia) was separated from the newly formed Bulgarian state and returned to the Ottoman Empire with partial autonomy. Bulgarian citizens considered the decisions of the Berlin Treaty to be unfair and began a peaceful demonstration against them. At first the plan was to annex all territories that Bulgaria had gained after the Treaty of San Stefano but later it became clear that was impossible because of the unsuitable international situation. The Bulgarians had to leave Macedonia and the rest of Thrace and concentrate on the East Roumelian issue. The first actions were taken in 1880 but the sharpened political situation, economic instability and the low prestige of the Bulgarian country delayed the resolution of the so-called "national question". In 1884 the "Macedonian committees" were the main body working on the unsolved problem. On 10 February 1885 led by Zahari Stoyanov a group of former revolutionaries founded in Plovdiv (the capital of Eastern Roumelia) a secret committee known as BSCRC – Bulgarian Secret Central Revolutionary Committee (Bulgarian: БТЦРК – Български Таен Централен Революционен Комитет). It had regulations and programs which were connected to the organisation led by Vasil Levski, Hristo Botev and Lyuben Karavelov before the Liberation. After a few months BSCRC had improved their plan for actions and organised some public events on dates significant to Bulgarians. The conference in Dermendare (Parvanets) on 24–26 July and the next meeting on 23 August declared what should be done and exactly how to proceed. On 5 September 1885 the people rose in Goliamo Konare (Saedinenie) and after arresting the prefect of Plovdiv the militia advanced toward the capital. On 6 September the palace in Plovdiv was surrounded. The governor Gavril Krastevich did not alert the Turks in Istanbul and proclaimed his support of the people's cause. A temporary government headed by Georgi Stranski took control of the situation and armed forces were commanded by major Danail Nikolaev who began preparation for war with the Ottoman Empire. On 8 September knyaz Alexander received a telegram in the old capital Tarnovo which he was already expecting. His army was prepared and waiting for a signal. He agreed to become a leader of the Unified Bulgaria. On the next day (9 September) the knyaz arrived in Plovdiv and the temporary government was dismissed. Diplomatic efforts failed and Bulgaria had to defend its interests on the battlefield in the Serbo-Bulgarian War where the Bulgarians were victorious.
According to information compiled from 2012 to 2019, 25% of Bulgarians celebrated the holiday, with people claiming it was most celebrated in Plovdiv.
# Nafrian

32°40′27.4″N 74°12′03″E﻿ / ﻿32.674278°N 74.20083°E﻿ / 32.674278; 74.20083
Nafrian (Urdu: نفریاں) is a village situated near Thimka in the district of Gujrat, Pakistan.
# Lists of Slavs and Germans

The Lists of Slavs and Germans (Italian: Liste di Slavi e Tedeschi) was the collective name given to the political parties representing Slovene and German minorities in northern Italy between World War I and the Fascist regime.
Most Slovene-speakers resided in the Julian March, most German-speakers in South Tyrol.

## History

In the Julian March the list was organised by Josip Vilfan. In South Tyrol it consisted of the Deutscher Verband (DV), a political party formed by the merger of the Christian-democratic Tiroler Volkspartei (TVP) and the national-liberal Deutschfreiheitliche Partei (DFP); the DV was successively led by Eduard Reut-Nicolussi and Karl Tinzl.
In the 1921 general election the Lists won a combined 1.3% of the vote and 9 seats in the Chamber of Deputies.
In the 1924 general election the Lists won a combined 0.9% and 4 seats.
In 1922 the Lists opposed the formation of Benito Mussolini's Fascist government, which would forbid other languages and all the parties except the National Fascist Party. Consequently, the Lists ceased to exist.

## Election results
### Chamber of Deputies

Chamber of Deputies :
| Election | Votes | % | Seats | +/– | Leader | Government |
| 1921 | 88,648 (11th) | 1.3 | 9 / 535 | – | Collective leadership | Opposition |
| 1924 | 62,491 (12th) | 0.9 | 4 / 535 | 5 | Collective leadership | Opposition |

#### Results by districts

| Election year | District | Votes | % | Seats | +/− |
| 1921 | Bolzano | 36,664 (1st) | 90.2 | 4 / 4 | – |
| 1921 | Gorizia | 34,639 (1st) | 60.0 | 4 / 5 | – |
| 1921 | Parenzo | 11,215 (2nd) | 21.4 | 1 / 6 | – |
| 1921 | Trento | 3,200 (5th) | 4.5 | 0 / 7 | – |
| 1921 | Trieste | 2,930 (5th) | 8.8 | 0 / 4 | – |
| 1924 | Veneto | 32,644 (5th) | 4.9 | 2 / 53 | 2 |
| 1924 | Venezia Giulia | 29.847 (2nd) | 11.1 | 2 / 23 | 3 |
# St. John's Hindu Temple

The St. John's Hindu Temple is located in St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada. In 1975, Hindus established a Hindu temple in Mount Pearl. Swami Chinmayananda donated a marble statue of Krishna, which was installed by Swami Dayananda. The temple functioned as an independent organization with the name Chinmaya Mission St. John's.
In 1995, a new temple was constructed in the east end of St. John's where most Hindus live, and subsequently it was renamed Hindu Temple St. John's Association.
All major Hindu festivals are celebrated in this temple. The temple participates in several local ethno-cultural and community projects and events. Children perform a weekly puja on Sunday mornings, and the temple is regularly visited by other groups of school children.

## Main deity at the Temple

* Krishna

## Festivals celebrated during the year

* Navratri - Golu, Garba and Durga Pooja
* Diwali
* Maha Shivaratri
* Ganesh Chathurthi
* Makar Sankranti Pongal
* Holi
* Krishna Janmashtami
* Onam
* New Year festivities in April, Ramanavami
# Viktor Ustinov

Viktor Ustinov (born 20 July 1974) is a retired Uzbekistani hammer thrower.
He won the bronze medal at the 2002 Asian Championships, finished fourth at the 2002 Asian Games, finished fifth at the 2003 Asian Championships and competed at the 2000 Olympic Games without reaching the final.
His personal best throw was 75.86 metres, achieved in September 2004 in Tashkent.
# Molla Salemi

Molla Salemi (Persian: ملاسالمي, also Romanized as Mollā Sālemī) is a village in Abdan Rural District, in the Central District of Deyr County, Bushehr Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 103, in 21 families.
# Hookeriales

Hookeriales is an order of Bryophyta or leafy mosses. Named for William Jackson Hooker, it is composed of mainly subtropical and tropical species of mosses with generally complanate and asymmetrical leaves.

## Families

Hookeriales comprises the following families:
* Daltoniaceae
* Hookeriaceae
* Hypopterygiaceae
* Leucomiaceae
* Pilotrichaceae
* Saulomataceae
* Schimperobryaceae
# Kyulevcha Nunatak

Kyulevcha Nunatak (Bulgarian: нунатак Кюлевча, ‘Nunatak Kyulevcha’ \'nu-na-tak kyu-'lev-cha\) is the rocky, partly ice-free ridge extending 4.17 km in northwest–southeast direction, 1.2 km wide, and rising to 1740 m between the upper courses of Fleece Glacier and Leppard Glacier on Oscar II Coast in Graham Land. The feature is named after the settlement of Kyulevcha in Northeastern Bulgaria.

## Location

Kyulevcha Nunatak is located at 65°57′45″S 63°30′33″W﻿ / ﻿65.96250°S 63.50917°W﻿ / -65.96250; -63.50917, which is 5.9 km west-southwest of Moider Peak, 10.65 km west-northwest of Mount Lagado, and 37 km east of Mount Dewey on Graham Coast. British mapping in 1976.

## Maps

* British Antarctic Territory. Scale 1:200000 topographic map. DOS 610 Series, Sheet W 65 62. Directorate of Overseas Surveys, Tolworth, UK, 1976.
* Antarctic Digital Database (ADD). Scale 1:250000 topographic map of Antarctica. Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research (SCAR), 1993–2016.
# Kerry G. Denson

Kerry G. Denson is a retired brigadier general in the National Guard of the United States and former Deputy Adjutant General of the Army in Wisconsin.

## Education

* B.A. - Milton College
* Graduate - Air War College

## Career

Denson originally joined the United States Army in 1969 and served two tours in the Vietnam War and was a flight instructor at Hunter Army Airfield. He would transfer to the Wisconsin Army National Guard in 1971. Denson was promoted to Brigadier General on October 6, 2000.
Awards he has received include the Silver Star, the Distinguished Flying Cross, the Bronze Star Medal, the Purple Heart, the Meritorious Service Medal, the Air Medal with award numeral 35, the Army Commendation Medal, the Air Force Commendation Medal, the Army Achievement Medal, the Good Conduct Medal, the Army Reserve Components Achievement Medal with silver oak leaf cluster, the National Defense Service Medal with service star, the Vietnam Service Medal, the Humanitarian Service Medal, the Armed Forces Reserve Medal with silver hourglass device, the Army Service Ribbon, the Army Reserve Components Overseas Training Ribbon, the Vietnam Campaign Medal, and the Vietnam Gallantry Cross.
# Michael Tinkham

Michael Tinkham (February 23, 1928 – November 4, 2010) was an American physicist. He was Rumford Professor of Physics and Gordon McKay Research Professor of Applied Physics at Harvard University. He is best known for his work on superconductivity.

## Professional life

Tinkham was born and raised in Brooklyn Township, a farming community in Green Lake County, Wisconsin. He studied nearby at Ripon College in Wisconsin, where he obtained a BA in 1951. He continued at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, achieving a Master's in 1951, followed by a PhD in 1954. During 1954–55 he worked in the Clarendon Laboratory at the University of Oxford. In 1955 he moved to the University of California, Berkeley, in becoming an assistant professor in 1957, with a full professorship later. In 1966 he joined the faculty at Harvard University as full professor. During 1978–79 he was a Humboldt U.S. Senior Scientist at the University of Karlsruhe.
Tinkham's research concentrated on superconductivity and in 1975 he published one of the classic textbooks on the subject. Later he focused on material properties where sample dimensions are in the nanometer range, including studies of nanowires and carbon nanotubes.
In 1970 Tinkham was made a member of the National Academy of Sciences, and in 1974 was awarded the Oliver E. Buckley Condensed Matter Prize. He received the Fred E. Saalfeld Award for Outstanding Lifetime Achievement in Science in 2005. He has also been honored for his achievements by his colleagues in the Journal of Superconductivity.
Tinkham maintained an active research group at Harvard University until his retirement. Over these years, he trained over 45 students who received their PhDs under his guidance.

## Work on superconductivity

In 1956, Tinkham and a fellow postdoc Rolfe Glover found the direct evidence of an energy gap in the continuous distribution of energy levels in the form of a sharp rise in the optical absorption spectrum of a superconductor. The absorption spectrum observed was a direct consequence of the coherence factors of BCS theory due to John Bardeen, Leon Cooper, and John Robert Schrieffer; along with other observations, it provided the first substantive experimental confirmation of BCS theory.
Tinkham also studied the macroscopic quantum behaviour of superconductors, and examined the conditions under which transitions between different energy levels happen when superconductors are carrying a current.
# Tazehabad-e Amin, Kurdistan

Tazehabad-e Amin (Persian: تازه آباد امين, also Romanized as Tāzehābād-e Amīn; also known as Majīd Khān, Tāzehābād-e Majīdkhānī, and Tāzehābād-e Moḩammad-e Amīn) is a village in Saral Rural District, Saral District, Divandarreh County, Kurdistan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 255, in 50 families. The village is populated by Kurds.
# Madonna of the Rose Garden (Luini)

Madonna of the Rose Garden (Italian: Madonna del Roseto) is an oil painting on panel of c. 1510 by the Italian Renaissance artist Bernardino Luini. It is in the Pinacoteca di Brera in Milan, which acquired it from the Giuseppe Bianchi collection in 1826.
A masterpiece of the artist's youth, it is traditionally thought to have been commissioned by the Certosa di Pavia, though no documents survive to support or deny this.

## Description and analysis

The Madonna is depicted at half-length, seated with the Child in her arms, in front of a background of white roses: this is the typical Marian flower, whose iconographic relation to the Virgin was in use throughout the Middle Ages. The attention devoted to the description of plants is linked to Lombard naturalism, whose origins can be found in the late Gothic art.
The background is dark and even, so that the soft, subdued lighting stands out. In fact, the face of the Madonna shows the unmistakable influence of Leonardo da Vinci, with a sweet nuance. Even the Child is inspired by Leonardo's works, but none in particular (or perhaps the never painted Madonna of the Cat): the artist used a certain freedom in reworking its shape, arranging it diagonally, as if to compose an ideal arc that reconnects it to the figure of the mother within an oval. The Christ Child points to a vase with his left hand, referring to his mother as the mystic vase, and with his right hand holds the stem of the aquilegia growing in it, its reddish colour referring to his own Passion.
# Ribaritsa

Ribaritsa (Bulgarian: Рибарица; also Ribarica, Ribaritza) is the name of two Bulgarian villages:
* Ribaritsa, Lovech Province
* Ribaritsa, Sofia Province
# Pedro Damiano

Pedro Damiano (Portuguese: Pedro Damião; Damiano is the Italian form, much like the Latin Damianus; 1480–1544) was a Portuguese chess player. A native of Odemira, he was a pharmacist by profession. He wrote Questo libro e da imparare giocare a scachi et de li partiti, published in Rome, Italy, in 1512; it went through eight editions in the sixteenth century. Damiano describes the rules of the game, offers advice on strategy, presents a selection of chess problems (see diagrams), and provides analyses of a few openings. It is the oldest book that definitely states that the square on the right of the row closest to each player must be white. He also offers advice regarding blindfold chess, principally focused on the need to master notation based on numbering the squares 1–64 (Murray 1913, 788–89).
In this book Damiano suggested chess was invented by Xerxes, which would be why it was known in Portuguese as xadrez and in Spanish as ajedrez. In fact, these words come from Sanskrit caturaṅga via Persian and Arabic šaṭranj.
The well-known chess aphorism "If you see a good move, try to find a better one", sometimes misattributed to Lasker and other writers, can be found in Damiano's book; similar sentiments were expressed by al-Suli regarding shatranj, the Persian precursor to chess.
According to the historian José Antonio Garzón, Damiano was a pseudonym, and his book was written by Francesc Vicent.

## Chess openings

In his opening analysis, Damiano suggested that after 1.e4 e5 2.Nf3 the reply 2...Nc6 is best and 2...d6 (now called the Philidor Defence) is not as good. He rightly condemned 2...f6 as clearly inferior, noting that White can play 3.Nxe5 with advantage; however, the opening later came to be known as the Damiano Defence. He stated that 1.e4 and 1.d4 are the only good first moves and that 1.e4 is better. He examined the Giuoco Piano, Petrov's Defence, and the Queen's Gambit Accepted.

## Chess problems

| | a | b | c | d | e | f | g | h | |
| 8 | | | | | | | | | 8 |
| 7 | | | | | | | | | 7 |
| 6 | | | | | | | | | 6 |
| 5 | | | | | | | | | 5 |
| 4 | | | | | | | | | 4 |
| 3 | | | | | | | | | 3 |
| 2 | | | | | | | | | 2 |
| 1 | | | | | | | | | 1 |
| | a | b | c | d | e | f | g | h | |
| | a | b | c | d | e | f | g | h | |
| 8 | | | | | | | | | 8 |
| 7 | | | | | | | | | 7 |
| 6 | | | | | | | | | 6 |
| 5 | | | | | | | | | 5 |
| 4 | | | | | | | | | 4 |
| 3 | | | | | | | | | 3 |
| 2 | | | | | | | | | 2 |
| 1 | | | | | | | | | 1 |
| | a | b | c | d | e | f | g | h | |
| | a | b | c | d | e | f | g | h | |
| 8 | | | | | | | | | 8 |
| 7 | | | | | | | | | 7 |
| 6 | | | | | | | | | 6 |
| 5 | | | | | | | | | 5 |
| 4 | | | | | | | | | 4 |
| 3 | | | | | | | | | 3 |
| 2 | | | | | | | | | 2 |
| 1 | | | | | | | | | 1 |
| | a | b | c | d | e | f | g | h | |
# Brendan Moriarty

Brendan Moriarty (born 1988 or 1989) is a Cambodian film director and producer. Moriarty directed his first film at the age of 20, The Road to Freedom, a war drama film about photojournalist Sean Flynn, who went missing in 1971 in Cambodia while on assignment for Time magazine.
Moriarty has also served as media advisor on numerous projects in Asia and around the world.
# National Broadcasting Network (Trinidad and Tobago)

The National Broadcasting Network (NBN), formerly National Broadcasting Service of Trinidad and Tobago (or just National Broadcasting Service, abbreviated to NBS) and International Communications Network (ICN), was a state-owned broadcasting station in the Republic of Trinidad and Tobago between November 1969 and January 2005.

## Early days

The precursor to the National Broadcasting Service (NBS Radio) was Radio Guardian, established on October 13, 1957, by the Thompson Group, the British owners of the Trinidad Guardian newspaper. On November 1, 1969, the Government under Eric Williams acquired Radio Guardian and Trinidad and Tobago Television (TTT). Radio Guardian was nationalised and renamed the National Broadcasting Service of Trinidad and Tobago (NBS Radio 610), although continued to be referred to by its old name. The radio broadcast and production studios continued to be located at 17 Abercromby Street in downtown Port-of-Spain, the capital city.
On October 6, 1972, the National Broadcasting Service became the first media company in Trinidad & Tobago to operate an FM stereo station, Radio 100 FM, which remained the sole FM stereo signal available until the privately-owned Trinidad Broadcasting Company (Radio Trinidad) opened Radio 95 FM Stereo on March 14, 1976.
Over the days of the attempted coup attempt led by the Jamaat al-Muslimeen on July 27, 1990, NBS Radio remained on the air around the clock as the only source of information for listeners in the country, up the eastern Caribbean and also overseas via short-wave signal.

## International Communications Network

In 1995, with the addition of Radio 98.9 FM, catering largely to the urban youth, the National Broadcasting Service (i.e. the radio frequencies) were relocated to the TTT compound at 11A Maraval Road in Port of Spain. Yet a further frequency came on board shortly thereafter - 91.1 FM. This frequency was for a while also used to rebroadcast NBS Radio 610 AM as an FM signal. Under the re-branded International Communications Network (ICN), 91.1 FM eventually changed its format entirely to East Indian programming in 1998. Radio 610 continued to broadcast on the AM dial, but progressively lost its traditional listening audience due to a weakening of the quality of its broadcast signal and a reduction in allocated financial resources to upgrade its equipment and programming.

## National Broadcasting Network

In 2001 there was another name change, with ICN rebranded as the National Broadcasting Network (NBN). Due to financial losses, both radio and TV broadcast entities of NBN ceased operations at midnight on January 15, 2005.
In early 2007, a newly created state-owned media company began operations under the name of the Caribbean New Media Group, as the successor to Trinidad and Tobago Television.