OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Mikó Castle

The Mikó Castle (Romanian: Castelul Mikó; Hungarian: Mikó-vár) is a fortified castle in Miercurea Ciuc (Csíkszereda), Romania. It is among the city's most important monuments, and today houses an ethnographic museum devoted to Székely heritage.
Work on the castle, which is 75 m long and 70 m wide, began on 26 April 1623 and probably was completed in the 1630s. In style, it resembles the castles at Iernut, Vințu de Jos and Lăzarea. It is named after Ferenc Mikó (1585–1635), who began building it a decade after becoming supreme captain of the Csíkszék (Ciuc), Gyergyószék (Gheorgheni) and Kászonszék (Caşin) Székely seats, later merged into Csík County. Documents of the time also refer to it as "Mikó's new citadel".
The first written document to mention the citadel dates to 1631. After Ferenc Mikó's heirs died prematurely, the citadel came into the possession of Tamás Damokos, supreme judge of Csíkszék. On 21 October 1661, Turkish and Tatar troops led by Ali, Ottoman pasha of Temeşvar Province, invaded Csíkszereda, occupying and burning the citadel. It was rebuilt in 1714-16 under orders from Habsburg General Stephan Steinville, as attested by a stone inscription above the entrance gate.
In 1735, the Austrian engineer and colonel Johann Conrad Weiss drew up the castle's plan. This is the oldest surviving plan of the building, and has been important to those studying both its history and the stages of its construction. For the rebuilt citadel, the Austrians designed a defensive system involving four Italian-style bastions, remnants of which are still visible on the south side. On the southwest side, they built a gunpowder depot, while converting the south bastion into a chapel. The chapel ceiling is decorated in modest stucco, following a late-Baroque design. The Gothic window frames were placed later on. The ground-floor rooms have dome-shaped cylindrical ceilings with groin vaults. Above the window sills there are tall, narrow, rectangular embrasures. The fortified castle played an important defensive role at the eastern border of the Habsburg Empire.
Through the mid-20th century, the building was used by the troops of various armies. In particular, it served as a barracks for Habsburg troops until 1764. From 1764 to 1848 it was the residence of the commander of the 1st Székely Regiment of the Transylvanian Military Frontier, part of the Military Frontier. During the Transylvanian Revolution of 1848, part of the Revolutions of 1848 in the Habsburg areas, it served as the headquarters of Sándor Gál, commander of the Székely revolutionary forces. In 1970, following a thorough restoration, the Ciuc Szekler Museum, established in 1930, moved into the castle. Additionally, part of the Kájoni János County Library, including a rare documents collection, has operated in the castle since 1978. The building is classified as a historic monument by the Ministry of Culture and Religious Affairs.

## Gallery

* Bastion
* Panorama
* Inside the castle
* Gallery
* Szekler gates exhibition near the castle
# William Dzus

William Dzus (born Volodymyr Dzhus (Ukrainian: Володимир Джус; 5 January 1895, Chernykhivtsi, Kingdom of Galicia and Lodomeria, currently Ukraine – 19 June 1964, New York City, United States) was an American engineer from Eastern Galicia, and the inventor of the Dzus fastener, also known as the quarter-turn fastener. He was also one of the founders of the Ukrainian Institute of America, a cultural foundation, for which he purchased the Harry F. Sinclair House (its current home).

## Life

Dzus was born 1895 in the country of Ukraine to a family of wealthy Ukrainian farmers in the village of Chernykhivtsi in the Austro-Hungarian Empire. In his late teens he moved over from his home country to New York, where he quickly established himself as an innovative thinker, developing the first form of the quick‐acting fastener and founding the Dzus Fastener Company in 1934. The fastener was originally designed to fit aircraft – subsequently being used in heavy machinery, automobiles and license plates.
In 1948 Dzus founded the Ukrainian Institute of America, a charitable and cultural organization, of which he was also president for a number of years. The building at which the institute is based was acquired in 1955. Furthermore, Dzus was also a member of the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, the Society of Automotive Engineers, and the National Association of Manufacturers.

## Death

William Dzus died, aged 69, from a stroke and other health complications at the Good Samaritan Hospital on 19 June 1964. A Requiem Mass was held in his memory at the Holy Family Ukrainian Catholic Church.

## Quote

"The obstacles will become diminutive when you view them from the pinnacle of love for the work to which you have set your hand."
# Vakalis

Vakalis (Greek: Βακάλης) is a Greek surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Donna Vakalis (born 1979), Canadian modern pentathlete
* Nassos Vakalis (born 1966), American animator and film director
* Nikos Vakalis (1939–2017), Greek politician
# Chen Jixing

Chen Jixing (Chinese: 陈继兴; born August 1954) is a retired Chinese politician who spent his entire career in south China's Guangdong province. He joined the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) in December 1974, and entered the workforce in September 1977. As of July 2023 he was under investigation by China's top anti-corruption agency. He has retired for five years. Previously he served as vice chairman of Guangdong Provincial People's Congress.
He was a representative of the 16th National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party.

## Early life and education

Chen was born in Zengcheng County (now Zengcheng District of Guangzhou), Guangdong, in August 1954. In 1975, he enrolled at Guangzhou Finance School, where he graduated in 1977.

## Career

Starting in September 1977, he served in several posts in Guangdong Provincial Department of Finance, including section member, deputy director of Budget Department, director of Budget Department, deputy head of the Guangdong Provincial Department of Finance, and eventually head in March 1998.
He was party secretary of Jiangmen in October 2002, in addition to serving as chairman of the Jiangmen Municipal People's Congress.
He was transferred back to Guangzhou in November 2011 and was elevated to vice chairman of Guangdong Provincial People's Congress.

## Downfall

On 9 July 2023, he was suspected of "serious violations of laws and regulations" by the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection (CCDI), the party's internal disciplinary body, and the National Supervisory Commission, the highest anti-corruption agency of China.
On 6 January 2024, he was expelled from the CCP and was disqualified from his retirement benefits. His illicit gains will be confiscated and the suspected crimes will be transferred to the procuratorate for further investigation and prosecution. On January 16, he was arrested by the Supreme People's Procuratorate.
# Lapithaeum

Lapithaeum or Lapithaion (Ancient Greek: Λαπίθαιον) was a town of ancient Laconia. Pausanias writes that it was on Taygetus, 15 stades distant from the sanctuary of Persephone by Helos, and not far from Dereium. He writes that Lapithaeum was named after Lapithus, a native of the district.
Its site is tentatively located near the modern Anogeia.
# Chkalovsky District, Nizhny Novgorod Oblast

Chkalovsky District (Russian: Чка́ловский райо́н) was an administrative and municipal district (raion) in Nizhny Novgorod Oblast, Russia. It was located in the west of the oblast. The area of the district was 861.5 square kilometers (332.6 sq mi). Its administrative center was the town of Chkalovsk. As of the 2010 Census, the total population of the district was 21,963, with the population of Chkalovsk accounting for 56.3% of that number.

## History

The district was established in 1936 as Vasilyevsky District (Васильевский район), but was renamed in 1937 in honor of Valery Chkalov. Per Law #67-Z of May 13, 2015, the district was transformed into a town of oblast significance of Chkalovsk. In a similar manner, Law #59-Z of May 8, 2015 abolished Chkalovsky Municipal District and transformed it into Chkalovsk Urban Okrug.

## Administrative and municipal divisions

As of May 2015, the district was administratively divided into 1 town of district significance (Chkalovsk) and 8 selsoviets (comprising 228 rural localities). Municipally, Chkalovsky Municipal District was divided into one urban settlement and eight rural settlements.
# Cantuaria stephenensis

Cantuaria stephenensis is a species of trapdoor spider endemic to New Zealand.

## Taxonomy

This species was described in 1968 by Ray Forster from female specimens collected on Stephen Island. The holotype is stored at Canterbury Museum.

## Description

The female is recorded at 15mm in length. The carapace and legs are orange brown. The abdomen has a chevron pattern dorsally.

## Distribution

This species is only known from Stephen Island in New Zealand.

## Conservation status

Under the New Zealand Threat Classification System, this species is listed as Data Deficient with the qualifiers of "Data Poor: Size" and "Data Poor: Trend".
# Alvanos

Alvanos or Albanos (Greek: Άλβάνος) is a Greek surname literally meaning "Albanian". Notable people with the surname include:
* Alexandros Alvanos
* Pete Alvanos
# Norsk idrætsblad

Norsk Idrætsblad (Norwegian: The Norwegian Sporting Gazette) was a sports magazine published from 1878 to 1925 under different titles in Oslo, Norway. It was the first sports magazine and one of the most read magazines in the country during its run.

## History and profile

The magazine was established as Norsk Skytter og Jægertidende in 1878. The headquarters of the magazine was in Oslo. It was restarted as a weekly magazine under the title Norsk Idrætsblad in 1881. The magazine appeared with this title until 1915, and its subtitle was organ for alslags sport (Norwegian: Organ for all kinds of sport). During this period David Didrichson, Sigvart Petersen and Hagbart Wergeland served as its editors-in-chief.
It was then merged with another magazine entitled Sport and was renamed as Norsk Idrætsblad og Sport. The magazine folded in 1925.
The magazine came out weekly between 1881 and 1883, and then its frequency switched to biweekly. It covered articles about both amateur and professional sports. However, it mostly featured articles and news about skiing, particularly between 1881 and 1915.
# Bükk National Park

Bükk National Park (Hungarian: Bükki Nemzeti Park) is a national park in the Bükk Mountains of Northern Hungary, near Miskolc. It was founded in 1977 as the third national park in the country. It contains 431.3 km$^2$ (of which 37.74 km$^2$ is under increased protection). Mountainous and forested, Bükk is Hungary's largest national park and is situated in the northern mountains, between Szilvásvárad and Lillafüred. Bükk's important geological features include various karst formations within its limestone mountains - particularly caves (once inhabited by pre-historic people), swallow-holes, and ravines. The country's longest (4,000 metres) and deepest (245 metres) cave, Istvánlápa, is located in the park. Bükk National Park also contains ninety species of nesting birds, some considered endangered.
The Vatican Climate Forest was to be located within the Park. KlimaFa ("Climate Trees") was started by a San Francisco promoter, Russ George, who promised a carbon offsetting project, intended to offset the Vatican's carbon dioxide emissions. However, no trees have been planted. In an interview with the Christian Science Monitor, Lajos Kiss, mayor of the village of Tiszakeszi pointed out an empty area along the Tisza River where the trees were supposed to be planted. The Monitor also said the Vatican was considering "legal action in order to defend the Vatican’s reputation."
# Phthia of Macedon

Phthia (Ancient Greek: Φθία; lived 3rd century BC) was a daughter of Alexander II (272–260 BC), king of Epirus, and his half-sister Olympias II.
Phthia became the wife of Demetrius II (239–229 BC), king of Macedonia. The match was arranged by her mother Olympias, who was desirous of thus securing the powerful assistance of the Macedonian king to support herself on the throne of Epirus after the death of Alexander. Phthia possibly gave birth to Philip V of Macedon; while it has also been suggested that Chryseis gave birth to him.
# Korođ

Korođ or Korog (Hungarian: Kórógy) is a village in the municipality of Tordinci, Vukovar-Syrmia County, Croatia. Korođ is one of the oldest Hungarian settlements in the area of present day Croatia dating back at least to some time before 1290 when the fortification was constructed at this spot. The village is named after Hungarian noble family of Kórógy. Only 2 out of 274 male over 21 years were recognised their right to vote at the 1920 Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes Constitutional Assembly election with the same practice continuing at the 1923 elections.
# Ivan Polzunov

Ivan Ivanovich Polzunov (Russian: Иван Иванович Ползунов 1728 – May 27, 1766 n.s.) was a Russian inventor. He created the first steam engine in Russia and the first two-cylinder engine in the world.
Minor planet 1978SP7 is named in his honor, as is a crater on the Moon.

## Biography

Ivan Polzunov was born in the family of a soldier of peasant origin in the town Turinsk (currently Sverdlovsk Oblast region, Russia). After graduating in 1742 from Mining school (Горнозаводская Школа) in Ekaterinburg he worked as a mechanic's apprentice for the Chief Mechanic of Ural Plants Nikita Bakharev. Beginning in 1748 he worked in Barnaul.
In the library of Barnaul plant he found works of Mikhail Lomonosov, that he studied by himself as well as the descriptions of contemporary steam machines by Johann Schlatter. In 1763 he proposed an original 1.8 h.p. (1.2kW) steam machine. The design used two cylinders on the same shaft that allowed its operations completely independently from water power even on dry places or in mountains. This design was a great step forward from contemporary steam machines that used hydropower to return the pistons and so could not be used if the hydropower was not available.
The project was sent to Empress Catherine II. She awarded him 400 rubles and promotion two ranks (to captain-poruchik) but did not seem to appreciate the new technology, as she recommended hydropower be used to return the pistons as done in Britain.
In 1765 Polzunov designed a large 32 h.p. steam machine for air pumps for steel furnaces. The director of Barnaul plants general Porshin agreed to use Polzunov's two-cylinder design as Barnaul steel mills were in a very dry area and in summer they often did not have any hydropower at all.
The machine was assembled in the winter and spring of 1766; the machine hall had very thin walls and a lot of draughts. Ivan Polzunov's tuberculosis became much worse, he coughed blood but still worked. He died on May 27, 1766, at the age of 37, three days before the machine was finished. The machine worked three months, then was disassembled and replaced by convenient hydropower, despite paying off its costs in those three months. A working model of the steam machine made by Ivan Polzunov is in the museum of Barnaul and is still in an operational condition.
# This Is America (album)

This Is America is the third studio album (and second solo album) by Kim Weston. Released in 1968, the album focuses on the theme of patriotism. It is well known for its recording of "Lift Every Voice and Sing", later released as a single.

## Track listing
### Side one

* "This Is America" (Beth Beatty, Ernie Shelby)
* "When Johnny Comes Marching Home" (Arranged and adapted by Marty Paich)
* "If I Ruled the World" (Cyril Ornadel, Leslie Bricusse)
* "The Impossible Dream (The Quest)" (Joe Darion, Mitch Leigh)
* "Born Free" (Don Black, John Barry)
* "Somewhere" (Leonard Bernstein)

### Side two

* "The Exodus Song" (Ernest Gold, Pat Boone)
* "People" (Bob Merrill, Jule Styne)
* "Touch the Earth" (Gail Allen, Jeri Southern)
* "Lift Ev'ry Voice and Sing" (James Weldon Johnson, John Rosamond Johnson)
* "The House I Live In" (Earl Robinson, Lewis Allan)
* "This Is My Country" (Al Jacobs, Don Raye)

## Personnel

* Marty Paich - arrangements
* Val Valentin - director of engineering
* Tom Nixon - recording supervisor
* Acy R. Lehman - art direction
* John Sposato - cover art
# Anantara New York Palace Budapest Hotel

The Anantara New York Palace Budapest Hotel is a five-star luxury hotel on the Grand Boulevard of Budapest's Erzsébet körút part, under Erzsébet körút 9–11, in the 7th district of Budapest, Hungary. The hotel is part of the Anantara Hotels & Resorts brand under Minor Hotels.

## History

The building opened on October 23, 1894, as a local office of the New York Life Insurance Company. It was designed by architect Alajos Hauszmann, along with Flóris Korb and Kálmán Giergl. The famous New York Café (Hungarian: New York Kávéház), located on the ground floor, has been a longtime center for Hungarian literature and poetry. The statues and other ornaments on the facade of the building, as well as the café's 16 imposing devilish fauns, are the works of Károly Senyei.
The building was damaged in World War II, and then nationalized during the communist era. The New York Café was renamed the Hungaria Café in 1954. In 1957, Hungarian sculptors Sándor Boldogfai Farkas, Ödön Metky, and János Sóváry carved replicas in the café of the damaged allegorical sculptures of Thrift and Wealth, America and Hungary. The New York Café was returned to its historic name in 1989, with the fall of communism.
In February 2001, the structure was sold by the Hungarian government to the Italian Boscolo Hotels chain for US$8 million. The building was completely renovated and reopened on May 5, 2006 as the New York Palace - A Boscolo Luxury Hotel, a 107-room luxury hotel, including the restored New York Café. In 2011, the name was shortened to Boscolo Budapest Hotel. In 2017, it joined The Dedica Anthology Hotels as the New York Palace Budapest Hotel.
In January 2020, Covivio, a European investment and development company, acquired the eight hotels under The Dedica Anthology's portfolio, with these hotels subsequently managed by NH Hotel Group.
In 2018, Minor Hotels, the parent company of Anantara Hotels & Resorts, acquired a majority stake in NH Hotel Group. It was renamed as the Anantara New York Palace Budapest Hotel on November 24, 2021.

## Gallery

* Anantara New York Palace Budapest Hotel
* Anantara New York Palace Budapest Hotel at night
* Anantara New York Palace Budapest Hotel
* Facade of Anantara New York Palace Budapest Hotel
* New York Café
# Nikolai Kurnakov

Nikolai Semyonovich Kurnakov (Russian: Николай Семёнович Курнаков; 6 December [O.S. 24 November] 1860 – 19 March 1941) was a Russian chemist, who is internationally recognized as the originator of physicochemical analysis. He also was one of the principal founders of the platinum industry in the Soviet Union. A chemical reaction that he pioneered, known as the Kurnakov test, is still used to differentiate cis from trans isomers of divalent platinum and is his best-known contribution to coordination chemistry.

## Early life and career

Kurnakov was born in Nolinsk, Vyatka Governorate. He attended a high school at Nizhny Novgorod and later studied at the Mining Institute in St. Petersburg. Distantly related to organic chemist Vladimir Markovnikov, he made an early choice of a chemistry career, setting up a home laboratory at 14. He published his first article on alum crystallization and sodium thioantimoniate in 1882. In the same year he graduated as a mining engineer.
During a trip to France, Germany and Austria, Kurnakov studied salt manufacturing in several locations. The scientific work of this trip became his Ph.D. thesis, which he completed in 1884.

## Career

He then worked for several years at the Mining Institute, mostly on the formation of salts and potash deposits and mining and beneficiation of salt and potash. In 1893, Kurnakov became professor of inorganic chemistry for his work on the reactions of cis- and trans- platinum complexes with thiourea, today known as the Kurnakov test. In 1902 he became professor at the Saint Petersburg Polytechnic Institute, which he established together with Dmitri Mendeleev and Nikolai Menshutkin. He held the position until 1930.
In his later years, he focused his work on platinum chemistry and platinum production. He received several prizes, for example, the Mendeleev Prize in 1936, the Order of the Red Banner of Labour in 1939 and the Stalin Prize in 1941. He was also awarded a Doctor honoris causa by Moscow State University in 1909. After the death of his wife in 1940 his health deteriorated, and he died in a sanatorium in Barvikha on 19 March 1941. A mineral was named kurnakovite in his honor.
# Alan Spencer (writer)

Alan Spencer is an American director and writer known for his work in comedy.

## Biography

Spencer was born in Whittier, California. He began his career in television writing at the age of 15. His initial work involved writing jokes for comedians. His early success in television was marked by overcoming skepticism due to his young age.
Spencer is best known for creating the 1980s comedy series Sledge Hammer! and later, IFC's Bullet in the Face. His early career was notable for his unconventional approach, including befriending industry figures such as Andy Kaufman and Marty Feldman by sneaking onto movie sets. At 26, he created Sledge Hammer! for ABC, becoming one of the youngest creators of a network series at that time. The show gained a cult following and influenced later comedies, particularly in its offbeat style.
Following the cancellation of Sledge Hammer!, Spencer worked on various projects, some of which remained unproduced. He developed a sitcom featuring Anthony Perkins after the show's end. In 1990, he created The Ghost Writer for ABC, which was later considered by Fox but not produced due to its dark tone and Spencer's concurrent commitment to The Nutt House with NBC and Mel Brooks. In 1993, he wrote and directed Hexed. Galaxy Beat (1994), a science fiction comedy, and The Tomorrow Man (1995), a science fiction film intended as a series pilot, were among his other projects.
In 2007, Spencer returned to television with Crime Team!, a parody of police procedurals co-created with Jim Abrahams for ABC. He was also involved in the development of The Naked Gun: What 4? The Rhythm of Evil (2009), a proposed sequel to the original film series. Despite a positive reception of the script and a planned role for Leslie Nielsen, budgetary constraints and creative differences led to Spencer's departure from the project, which was subsequently canceled.
In 2010, Spencer developed Man Up! for SPIKE, in collaboration with Adam Sandler's Happy Madison. The comedy, about a paramilitary group performing exercises in civilian areas, was not produced due to SPIKE's discontinuation of scripted programming.
# Amjad Ali Shah

Amjad Ali Shah (c. 1801 – 13 February 1847) was the fourth King of Oudh from 7 May 1842 to 13 February 1847.

## Administration

His reign began in May 1842. His administration was responsible for a new bridge over the river Gomti and a metalled road from Lucknow to Kanpur. He also built the Hazratganj and Aminabad Bazar, major shopping markets in Lucknow.

## Death

He died of cancer on 13 February 1847 at the age of 47 years. He is buried at Imambara Sibtainabad in the western part of Hazratganj, Lucknow. He was succeeded by his son Wajid Ali Shah.