OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Harry Reid (disambiguation)

Harry Reid (1939–2021) was an American politician who served as the senior United States senator from Nevada, from 1987 to 2017.
Harry Reid may also refer to:

## People

* Harry Reid (bishop) (1866–1943), Bishop of Edinburgh
* Harry Avery Reid (1877–1947), director of Veterinary Services in New Zealand
* Harry Fielding Reid (1859–1944), American geophysicist
* Harry Reid (journalist) (born 1947), Scottish journalist and author
* Harry Reid (actor) (born 1992), British actor

## Transport

* Harry Reid International Airport, airport serving Las Vegas, Nevada, U.S.
# Jawdat Ibrahim

Jawdat Ibrahim (Arabic: جودت ابراهيم, Hebrew: ג'וודאת איברהים) is an Israeli millionaire who has established a fund that gives scholarships to both Arab and Jewish university students, and has hosted informal peace talks between Israeli and Palestinian National Authority leaders at his popular Abu Ghosh restaurant. Ibrahim lived in Chicago for six years, but returned to Israel in 1992 after winning US$17.5 million in the Illinois State Lottery.
In 2010, Ibrahim funded a project to reclaim the Guinness World Record for the world's largest hummus from Lebanon in the Israeli Arab town of Abu Ghosh. The world record breaking hummus weighed 4,090 kg. The new record was described by Israel's Army Radio as the Third Lebanon War.
# Châteaudouble, Var

Châteaudouble (French:; Occitan: Castèudoble) is a commune in the Var department in the Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur region in southeastern France.
# Scoriodyta patricki

Scoriodyta patricki is a moth of the Psychidae family. It was described by Haettenschwiler in 1989. It is found in New Zealand.
# Charlie Thomson (footballer, born 1905)

Charles Marshall Thomson (25 October 1905 – 1965) was a Scottish professional footballer who played as a goalkeeper for Scottish League clubs Raith Rovers, Alloa Athletic and Falkirk and made 169 Football League appearances for Brighton & Hove Albion.

## Life and career

Thomson was born in Perth. He played for St Johnstone YMCA and for Scottish League clubs Alloa Athletic and Falkirk, where he spent four seasons, before moving to England to sign for Third Division South club Brighton & Hove Albion in 1934. He was a first-team regular for five years.
Thomson joined Exeter City in 1939, and played in the first three matches of the 1939–40 Football League before competitive football was abandoned for the duration of the Second World War. He then returned to Scotland where he played for Dundee United in the Eastern Regional League and was on the losing side in the Scottish War Emergency Cup, won by Rangers. After the war, he rejoined Exeter City to play in the 1945–46 FA Cup before going back to Scotland.
Thomson's son, Chic Thomson, kept goal for Chelsea during their 1954–55 Football League-winning campaign and won the 1959 FA Cup Final with Nottingham Forest.
# Colin Meldrum (footballer, born 1941)

Colin Meldrum (26 November 1941 – 4 October 2019) was a Scottish football player and manager.

## Career

Born in Glasgow, Meldrum played as a left back for Arsenal, Watford, Reading, Cambridge United, Hillingdon Borough and Workington. At Reading, he was Player of the Season in the 1963–64 and 1964–65 seasons.
Meldrum also worked as the player-manager of Hillingdon Borough and Workington, coach of York City, and manager of Stafford Rangers.

## Honours
### Reading

* Player of the Season: 1964, 1965
# Cui Kai

Cui Kai (Chinese: 崔凯; born on March 26, 1982) is a retired Chinese track and field athlete who specialised in the high jump. He won silver medal at the inaugural World Youth Championships in 1999.
He has personal bests of 2.25 metres outdoors (2003) and 2.15 metres indoors (2004).

## Competition record

| Year | Competition | Venue | Position | Notes |
| Representing China |||||
| 1999 | World Youth Championships | Bydgoszcz, Poland | 2nd | 2.13 m |
| 1999 | Asian Junior Championships | Singapore | 2nd | 2.15 m |
| 2000 | World Junior Championships | Santiago, Chile | 13th (q) | 2.10 m |
| 2002 | Asian Championships | Colombo, Sri Lanka | 1st | 2.19 m |
| 2002 | Asian Games | Busan, South Korea | 2nd | 2.19 m |
| 2003 | Universiade | Daegu, South Korea | 3rd | 2.20 m |
| 2003 | Asian Championships | Manila, Philippines | 5th | 2.19 m |
| 2003 | Afro-Asian Games | Hyderabad, India | 1st | 2.18 m |
# Dave MacFarlane

Dave MacFarlane (16 January 1967 – 30 October 2013) was a Scottish professional football player who is best known for his time with Kilmarnock.
MacFarlane began his career with Ayr United Boys Club before joining Rangers. Whilst at Ibrox he made seven league appearances and picked up a winner's medal in October 1986 when he came on as a second-half substitute in Rangers 2–1 win over Celtic in the Scottish League Cup Final. MacFarlane also had loan spells with Kilmarnock and Dundee, before joining the former on a permanent basis in 1988. He spent nearly two seasons at Rugby Park.
A brief spell with Partick Thistle followed before MacFarlane moved to the junior leagues to Glenafton Athletic, who were managed by Scottish former international goalkeeper Alan Rough. He became a regular pick for the junior side and played in three consecutive Scottish Junior Cup finals, winning the trophy in 1992.
# Anne's Church, Dresden

Anne's Church (German: Annenkirche) is named in honour of Anne of Denmark, Electress of Saxony. The original 1578 church was destroyed by Prussian troops in 1760 during the Seven Years' War. The new church was opened in 1769.
51°02′56″N 13°43′40″E﻿ / ﻿51.04889°N 13.72778°E﻿ / 51.04889; 13.72778
# David Burns (footballer, born 1934)

David Burns (13 March 1934 – 29 November 2010) was a Scottish footballer who played in the Scottish Football League for Kilmarnock, St Johnstone, Arbroath and East Fife.
# David Cargill (footballer)

David Anderson Cargill (21 July 1936 – 20 November 2011) was a Scottish former professional footballer, who played as a left winger.
# David Chalmers (footballer, born 1897)

David Chalmers (1897 – 1961) was a Scottish footballer who played as an inside left for Clydebank in the first and second tiers of the Scottish Football League during the 1920s, playing alongside Jimmy McGrory for a season. He had earlier played for Junior side St Anthony's and been selected to play for Scotland at that level.
His son, Stevie Chalmers, played for Celtic and Scotland, scoring the goal which won the 1967 European Cup Final; he credited his father as a quiet influence and an example to follow in his early life. David's grandson (Stevie's son), Paul Chalmers, also played professionally.
# David Kinnear

David Kinnear (22 February 1917 – 4 February 2008) was a Scottish professional footballer.

## Career

Kinnear was signed to Rangers in 1934 by Bill Struth, having previously been playing for Raith Rovers and Burntisland United before that. He made his debut on 25 August 1934 in a league match against Dundee, which ended in a 3–2 defeat. He only made four appearances in the 1934–35 season. His first goal came a season later on 14 August 1935 against Albion Rovers.
Kinnear gained his one and only Scotland cap in an international challenge match against Czechoslovakia on 8 February 1937, in which he scored.
With the outbreak of the Second World War, Kinnear served with the British Army in the Army Physical Training Corps and was to leave Rangers after the war in May 1946. During his spell with the club he made 109 competitive appearances and scored 32 goals. He won two Scottish league championships, one Glasgow Cup and one Charity Cup. Along with Alex Venters, Kinnear scored in front of the all-time record crowd at Ibrox in a 2–1 victory over Old Firm rivals Celtic. He also enjoyed wartime spells with Third Lanark, Dunfermline Athletic and Stirling Albion.
He returned to Ibrox in 1956 as physiotherapist and had a hand in the transfer of Harold Davis to the club, having worked with him as a patient. He later became a trainer under Scot Symon but left the club in 1970 when manager William Waddell replaced his backroom staff.
# Davie Laing

David Laing (20 February 1925 – 15 July 2017) was a Scottish professional footballer.
Laing played for Hearts for eight years and represented the Scottish League XI while there in 1952. His last game for the club was on 4 September 1954 in a 3–2 home victory against Celtic; He left Hearts a day later. His position in the team was given to Dave Mackay, who became a regular first team pick. Laing missed out as Hearts won their breakthrough trophy of the Tommy Walker era, the Scottish League Cup in 1954.
Laing though was to enjoy success of his own elsewhere, as he joined Clyde. He helped them win the 1955 Scottish Cup Final in his first season. Laing is generally accepted to have been man of the match in both the first game of the final and its replay.
He later played for Hibernian and Gillingham. He was inducted into the inaugural Clyde FC Hall of Fame in 2011. Laing died in July 2017, aged 92.
# Union and Social Progress List

The Union for Social Progress (French: Liste d'union et de progrès social) was a list that contested the Algiers Muslim non-citizen constituency in the 1945 French Constituent Assembly election. The list was close to the French Section of the Workers International. The candidates of the list were Bachir Abdelouahab, Mohand Achour, Abderrahmanne Bouthiba and Abderrahmane Farès.
The list won three of the four seats allotted to the constituency. It got 136,109 votes out of 235,833 votes cast (in total there were 480,826 registered voters). Abdelouahab, Achour and Bouthiba were elected. However, Abdelouahab resigned from his seat in early 1946. On March 14, 1946, Adberrahmane Farès overtook his seat in the Constituent Assembly.
# Denis Lawson (footballer)

Denis Lawson (11 December 1897 – 23 May 1968) was a Scottish footballer who played as an outside-right.
He started playing professionally for St Mirren in 1920; in 1923 he moved to Cardiff City of the English Football League and played 64 matches for them, before moving to the United States and playing for Springfield Babes and Providence F.C. He returned to British football in 1927–28 with a move to Wigan Borough, and then finished his career back in Scotland with Clyde and Brechin City.
In 1923 Lawson was capped for Scotland, in a 2–2 draw with England at Hampden Park.
# Derek Robertson (footballer)

Derek Robertson (12 February 1949 – 29 January 2015) was a Scottish footballer who played as a goalkeeper and played his entire senior career with St Johnstone.
The Glasgow-born Robertson joined St Johnstone in 1966 from junior outfit Petershill and made 235 appearances for the Muirton Park club before finally retiring in 1979.

## Death

Robertson died, aged 65, on 29 January 2015 from a respiratory infection while battling cancer.
# Dick Donnelly

Charles Richard Donnelly (11 September 1941 – 21 July 2016) was a Scottish footballer, broadcaster, and journalist.

## Early and personal life

Donnelly was born in Lochee, Dundee and attended Harris Academy in the city.
He was married with one son, one daughter, and three grandchildren.

## Career

After working as an apprentice at DC Thomson, Donnelly began his footballer, playing as a goalkeeper for Carnoustie Panmure, East Fife, Brechin City and Arbroath. He made 79 appearances for East Fife in the Scottish Football League, and 107 appearances in all competitions.
Donnelly began writing Sunday match reports for The Courier in the late 1960s, before becoming a full-time journalist with The People's Journal and the Scottish Sunday Express.
He also broadcast on the radio with Radio Tay and Radio Clyde.
# Harry Lee (United States Marine)

Harry Lee (June 4, 1872 – May 13, 1935) was a decorated major general in the United States Marine Corps and a military governor of Santo Domingo.

## Early life and education

Harry Lee was born in Washington, D.C., on 4 June 1872.

## Career

Lee was appointed as a second lieutenant in the U.S. Marine Corps for the Spanish–American War on 2 August 1898. He served at the Havana Naval Station during the war, and following it, aboard various ships of the United States Navy and many Marine Corps stations.
Lee took command of the 6th Marine Regiment in June 1918, a year after the American entry into World War I, in succession to Albertus W. Catlin, who had been badly wounded. He led the unit through the battles at Château-Thierry, St. Mihiel, and the Meuse-Argonne Offensive, marching with the Army to the Rhine.
After the war, he commanded the Marine brigade in Santo Domingo, sent in 1921 to pacify the Dominican Republic and establish constitutional government. For 3 years, he served as military governor of the country.
Later, Lee commanded Marine Barracks, Parris Island. On 1 March 1933, he assumed command of the Marine Corps Base Quantico.

## Later life and death

Lee died on May 13, 1935, at age 62, at the Quantico Marine Base.

## Awards and decorations

For World War I service, Lee was awarded the Silver Star, Navy and also Army versions of the Distinguished Service Medal, the French Legion of Honor, and other decorations.

## Legacy

* USS Harry Lee (APA-10) was named after Lee.
* Harry Lee Hall on Marine Corps Base Quantico is named for MajGen Lee. Harry Lee Hall initially served as the Officer's Club, it is currently the home to the promotions branch of Headquarters Marine Corps.
# Ilko Dimitrov

Ilko Dimitrov Dimitrov (Bulgarian: Илко Димитров Димитров) is a Bulgarian jurist and poet, born on 23 December 1955 in Sofia, Bulgaria. He served as deputy defense minister of the Republic of Bulgaria (2003–2005). Member of the 40th National Assembly of Bulgaria. Member of the Bulgarian Writers Association.

## Literary works

* Opit za opredelenie (Attempt at a Definition), poetry, 1989
* Prikazki za Popo (Tales of Poppo), a book for children, 1992
* Obraten vodopad (Reverse Waterfall), poetry, 1995
* Vselena po zdrach (Universe at Dusk), poetry, 1998
* Parkat (The Park), a poem, 1999 - Annual award of the Bulgarian Writers Association, 1999
* Trite koshnitsi (The Three Baskets), poetry, 2000
* Razchlenyavane (Dismemberment), a poem, 2001
* Dvamata sadruzhnitsi (The Two Associates), essays, 2007
* Byalo (White), selected poetry, 2008
* Prodavachat na kontsi (The Thread Seller), a poem, 2009 - "Ivan Nikolov" National Poetry Award for 2009.
* Bog v Nyu York (God in New York), prose, 2010
* 4etiri (Four), poetry, 2011
* tova edno/ mozhesh li go (This Oneness), poetry, 2013
In translation:
* in Serbian - Molitva za novu zemqu, a poem, Gradina (Niš), N 12, 1997, tr. by Velimir Kostov and Mila Vasov;
* in English - Untitled miniatures, Nthposition (UK webzine), November 2003, tr. by Zdravka Evtimova;
* in English - Untitled miniatures, The MAG - The Muse Apprentice Guild (USA webzine), Fall 2003, tr. by Zdravka Evtimova;
* in English - The Thread Seller, a poem, The Literary Club (BG webzine), 2009, tr. by Hristianna
# Structural cohesion

In sociology, structural cohesion is the conception of a useful formal definition and measure of cohesion in social groups. It is defined as the minimal number of actors in a social network that need to be removed to disconnect the group. It is thus identical to the question of the node connectivity of a given graph in discrete mathematics. The vertex-cut version of Menger's theorem also proves that the disconnection number is equivalent to a maximally sized group with a network in which every pair of persons has at least this number of separate paths between them. It is also useful to know that k-cohesive graphs (or k-components) are always a subgraph of a k-core, although a k-core is not always k-cohesive. A k-core is simply a subgraph in which all nodes have at least k neighbors but it need not even be connected.
The boundaries of structural endogamy in a kinship group are a special case of structural cohesion.

## Software

Cohesive.blocking is the R program for computing structural cohesion according to the Moody-White (2003) algorithm. This wiki site provides numerous examples and a tutorial for use with R.

## Examples

Some illustrative examples are presented in the gallery below:
* The 6-node ring in the graph has connectivity-2 or a level 2 of structural cohesion because the removal of two nodes is needed to disconnect it.
* The 6-node component (1-connected) has an embedded 2-component, nodes 1-5
* A 6-node clique is a 5-component, structural cohesion 5

## Perceived cohesion

Perceived Cohesion Scale (PCS) is a six item scale that is used to measure structural cohesion in groups. In 1990, Bollen and Hoyle used the PCS and applied it to a study of large groups which were used to assess the psychometric qualities of their scale.
# Barry Clark (rally driver)

Barry Clark (born 30 July 1982) is a Scottish rally driver born in Aberdeen in Scotland. In 2006 he became the PWRC Junior Rookie World Champion competing in his Fiesta ST.
After becoming the Fiesta Sporting Trophy International champion in 2007, Clark was awarded a drive in the World Rally Championship for one event, and secured funding for two more events. His first event was to be in Turkey driving a Ford Focus WRC for the Munchi's Ford team, but after regular Munchi's driver Luís Pérez Companc had to drop out of the Jordan rally, Clark took his place at short notice. Clark also helps organise his local event, the Speyside Stages organised by 63 car club and the Grampian Forest stages organised by Stonehaven and District Motor Club.
Despite competing in four WRC events in 2008, he was unable to secure sponsorship to enable him to continue at that level and he more or less retired from the WRC. He built a successful rally car preparation business in Kintore, Aberdeenshire before it was sold on in 2012.

## Complete WRC results

| Year | Entrant | Car | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | WDC | Points |
| 2003 | Barry Clark | Ford Puma S1600 | MON | SWE | TUR | NZL | ARG | GRE | CYP | GER | FIN | AUS | ITA | FRA | ESP | GBR Ret | | | - | 0 |
| 2006 | Barry Clark | Ford Fiesta ST | MON | SWE | MEX | ESP Ret | FRA 40 | ARG 49 | ITA | GRE | GER 35 | FIN 37 | JPN | CYP | TUR | AUS | NZL | GBR 30 | - | 0 |
| 2007 | Barry Clark | Ford Fiesta ST | MON | SWE | NOR 29 | MEX | POR 24 | ARG | ITA 32 | GRE | FIN 55 | GER 45 | NZL | ESP 59 | FRA | JPN | IRE | | - | 0 |
| 2007 | Barry Clark | Subaru Impreza STi | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | GBR 22 | - | 0 |
| 2008 | Munchi's Ford World Rally Team | Ford Focus RS WRC 07 | MON | SWE | MEX | ARG | JOR 12 | ITA | GRE | TUR 10 | FIN | GER | NZL | ESP | | | | | - | 0 |
| 2008 | Stobart VK Ford Rally Team | Ford Focus RS WRC 07 | | | | | | | | | | | | | FRA 10 | | GBR 10 | | - | 0 |
# The Meaning of Things

The Meaning of Things: Applying Philosophy to Life, published in the U.S. as Meditations for the Humanist: Ethics for a Secular Age, is a book by A. C. Grayling. First published in 2001, the work offers popular treatments of philosophical reasoning, weaving together ideas from various writers and traditions. It consists of short essays on a variety of subjects which, although deeply rooted in philosophy, are everyday phenomena encountered, recognized, and understood by everyone. The brief essays in the volume were originally published as installments in Grayling's "The Last Word" column in The Guardian.

## Contents

Part I: Virtues and Attributes Moralising — Tolerance — Mercy — Civility — Compromise — Fear — Courage — Defeat — Sorrow — Death — Hope — Perseverance — Prudence — Frankness — Lying — Perjury — Betrayal — Loyalty — Blame — Punishment — Delusion — Love — Happiness
Part II: Foes and Fallacies Nationalism — Racism — Speciesism — Hate — Revenge — Intemperance — Depression — Christianity — Sin — Repentance — Faith — Miracles — Prophecy — Virginity — Paganism — Blasphemy — Obscenity — Poverty — Capitalism
Part III: Amenities and Goods Reason — Education — Excellence — Ambition — Acting — Art — Health — Leisure — Pace — Reading — Memory — History — Leadership — Travel — Privacy — Family — Age — Gifts — Trifles

## Quotations

* Defeat is always an opportunity, even when, as far too often happens, what is genuinely the better cause has been crushed by the worse. [...] But nothing happens without a lesson to offer, or without opening other routes into the future.
* Hatred [...] is dislike and antipathy inflamed to a high degree and inspired by beliefs which stimulate a set of other emotions in the hater, chief among them fear, ignorance, jealousy, anger and disgust. But note that all these emotions, and especially the first three, are about the hater; thus hating says more about haters than what they hate. It shows weakness, for it is a crude emotion which turns fears and anxieties outward to fix them on something else.
* What underlies talk of virginity is a profound and often hidden moral angst about purity and pollution—and therefore also sentiments of temptation and desire. If our religions had decided that ears or wisdom teeth were spiritually significant, we should feel the same anxieties regarding them as with the hymen; and moral concern would be devoted to them instead.

## Editions

The 2001 hardcover edition of The Meaning of Things was published by Weidenfeld & Nicolson. A paperback edition was published in 2002 by Phoenix, an imprint of the Orion Publishing Group. The American edition hardcover edition was published by Oxford University Press in 2002. Weidenfeld & Nicolson, also an imprint of Orion Publishing Group, published a paperback edition in 2002 and a Kindle edition in 2011.
# Yevpatoria RT-70 radio telescope

The Yevpatoria RT-70 radio telescope (P-2500, RT-70) is an RT-70 radio telescope and planetary radar at the Center for Deep Space Communications, Yevpatoria, Crimea. In scientific literature, it is often called the Evpatoria Planetary Radar (EPR).

## History

Radio telescopes are highly sensitive detectors of signals from outer space. With its 70-meter antenna diameter, the Yevpatoria RT-70 is among the largest single-dish radio telescopes in the world. It has an advantage in comparison with other large radio telescopes in the fact that the complex includes powerful transmitters that allow active space experiments. Powerful electromagnetic beams can be accurately targeted and the signals received can be analyzed. For this reason, the Yevpatoria RT-70 radio telescope is one of only two in the world that are able to transmit messages to extraterrestrial civilizations, e.g. the multiple Cosmic Calls, Teen Age Messages, or A Message from Earth (AMFE).
The radio telescope is depicted on Russia's commemorative 100-ruble banknote of 2015.

## Missions

The telescope has participated in the Soviet space program since 1978 for the exploration of deep space:
* Venera 11 and Venera 12
* VLBI Salyut 6 KRT-10 radio observatory — RT-70
* Venera 13, Venera 14, Venera 15, Venera 16
* Vega program
* Astron
* Phobos program
* Granat
* Interball
* Fobos-Grunt (in 2011)
* Spektr-R
In 1999, 2001, 2003, and 2008, for the transmission of messages to extraterrestrial civilizations:
* Cosmic Call
* Teen Age Message
* Cosmic Call 2
* A Message From Earth
Radar studies of planets and asteroids – Observatory code 255 (Evpatoria):
* 4179 Toutatis
* 6489 Golevka (the name Golevka comes from the first few letters of the names of the three observatories Goldstone, Evpatoria, and Kashima)
* (33342) 1998 WT24
* 101955 Bennu
# Kahrizeh-ye Mahmud Aqa

Kahrizeh-ye Mahmud Aqa (Persian: كهريزه محموداقا) is a village in Akhtachi Rural District of the Central District of Bukan County, West Azerbaijan province, Iran.

## Demographics
### Population

At the time of the 2006 National Census, the village's population was 1,187 in 247 households. The following census in 2011 counted 2,955 people in 778 households. The 2016 census measured the population of the village as 4,058 people in 1,144 households. It was the most populous village in its rural district.