OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Oskar Anderson

Oskar Johann Viktor Anderson (Russian: Оскар Николаевич Андерсон, romanized: Oskar Nikolaevič Anderson; 2 August [O.S. 21 July] 1887] – 12 February 1960) was a Russian-German mathematician of Baltic German descent. He is best known for his work on mathematical statistics and econometrics.

## Life

Anderson was born from a Baltic German family in Minsk (now in Belarus), but soon moved to Kazan (Russia). His father, Nikolai Anderson, was professor in Finno-Ugric languages at the University of Kazan. His older brothers were the folklorist Walter Anderson and the astrophysicist Wilhelm Anderson.
Oskar Anderson graduated from Kazan Gymnasium with a gold medal in 1906. After studying mathematics for one year at the University of Kazan, he moved to St. Petersburg to study economics at the Polytechnic Institute. From 1907 to 1915, he was Aleksandr Chuprov's student and assistant. In 1912 he married Margarethe Natalie von Hindenburg-Hirtenberg, a granddaughter of Wilhelm Paul von Hindenburg-Hirtenberg [ru] who was commemorated in "The Funeral of 'The Universal Man'" in Dostoyevsky's A Writer's Diary, and started lecturing at a commercial school in St. Petersburg while also studying for a law degree at the University of Saint Petersburg, graduating in 1914.
In 1918 he took on a professorship in Kiev but he was forced to flee Russia in 1920 due to the Russian Revolution, first taking a post in Budapest (Hungary) before becoming a professor at the University of Economics at Varna (Bulgaria) in 1924.
Anderson was one of the charter members of the Econometric Society, whose members also elected him to be a fellow of the society in 1933. In the same year he also received a fellowship from the Rockefeller Foundation.
Supported by the foundation, in 1935 he established and became director of the Statistical Institute for Economic Research at the University of Sofia. For the remainder of the decade he also served the League of Nations as an associate member of its Committee of Statistical Experts.
In 1942 he joined the Kiel Institute for the World Economy as head of the Department of Eastern Studies and also took up a full professorship of statistics at the University of Kiel, where he was joined by his brother Walter after the end of the second world war. In 1947 he took a position at the University of Munich, teaching there until 1956, when he retired.

## Writings

* Einführung in die Mathematische Statistik, Wien : Springer-Verlag, 1935, ISBN 978-3-7091-5873-9
* Über die repräsentative Methode und deren Anwendung auf die Aufarbeitung der Ergbnisse der bulgarischen landwirtschaftlichen Betriebszählung vom 31. Dezember 1926, München : Bayer. Statist. Landesamt [de], 1949
* Die Saisonschwankungen in der deutschen Stromproduktion vor und nach dem Kriege , München : Inst. f. Wirtschaftsforschung, 1950
# Dezső Bokányi

Dezső Bokányi (11 February 1871, Pest – June 1943, Moscow) was a Hungarian communist politician, writer, translator and journalist who was a leading figure of the Hungarian Soviet Republic.

## Biography

Bokányi was born in to a deeply religious Catholic family and had worked as a stonemason. In 1886 became a member of a trade union and in 1889 he became member of the Social Democratic Party of Hungary. He was distinguished in the Social Democratic Party by his influential ability to speak. In 1893 he was sent to the second congress of the MSZDP. From 1894 to 1919, he was a member of the board and a speaker, and also worked as a journalist. He translated several products of Marxist literature, including several works by Marx, Engels, and August Bebel, into Hungarian. In 1896 he published the first Hungarian translation of the Communist Manifesto, from which the "Világ proletárjai egyesüljetek!" (Proletarians of all countries unite!) was translated for the first time in Hungarian.
After the Aster Revolution, he became a member of the Hungarian National Council, participated in peace negotiations with the Entente powers and became a member of the party leadership in March 1919.
Although initially he did not take heart in the aspirations of Béla Kun and the Communists until 1919, he eventually accepted and even supported the unification of the Hungarian Social Democratic Party and the Hungarian Communist Party and became a prominent leader of the Soviet Republic. During the period of the Soviet Republic, he served as the People's Commissioner for Labor and Welfare of the Revolutionary Governing Council. The leadership of the united party and at the same time the Budapest Central Revolutionary Workers' and Military Council. He was also a member of the Bureau. He attacked many unions because they did not see their main activity in boosting production. His social policy proposals included workers' insurance, the nationalization of pension associations, state benefits for orphans and widows, but also the expropriation of the homes of the rich for the benefit of families with many children and, as an atheist, the abolition of religious teachings in schools.
In December 1920, Bokányi was sentenced to death in the case of the Hungarian People's Commissars after the fall of the Soviet Republic. In 1922, he was a prisoner exchange by the Soviet Union, where he worked in the movement, the work done in the field of social insurance, he also worked at the Moscow radio station.
Dezső Bokányi was arrested during the Great Purge in 1938. It was previously believed that he had died in 1940 in captivity, but according to recent research, he died in a prison hospital in June 1943.
# No. 2778 Squadron RAF Regiment

No. 2278 Squadron, Royal Air Force Regiment was an airfield defence squadron of the Royal Air Force.

## Formation

The squadron was formed as No 778 (Ground Defence) Squadron at RAF Jurby, Isle of Man on 19 December 1941, having been unnumbered from the previous April. On 1 February 1942 all RAF Regiment Squadrons had 2,000 added to their numbers thus the squadron was re-designated No. 2778 Squadron Royal Air Force Regiment.

## Service

No. 2778 Squadron remained at Jurby until it moved to RAF Manston in 1942. It converted to the Light Anti Aircraft role in May 1943. During the anti-Diver operations of 1944 it was based at Maidstone.

## Disbandment

No. 2778 Squadron was disbanded in May 1945.
# Königslutter station

Königslutter (German: Bahnhof Königslutter) is a railway station located in Königslutter, Germany. The station is located on the Brunswick–Magdeburg railway. The train services are operated by Deutsche Bahn.

## Train services

The following services currently call at the station:
* Local services RB 40 Braunschweig - Helmstedt - Magdeburg - Burg
# Mişni, Lachin

Mişni (Mishni) is a village in the Lachin District of Azerbaijan.

## History

The village was located in the Armenian-occupied territories surrounding Nagorno-Karabakh, coming under the control of ethnic Armenian forces during the First Nagorno-Karabakh War in the early 1990s. The village subsequently became part of the breakaway Republic of Artsakh as part of its Kashatagh Province, referred to as Msheni (Armenian: Մշենի). It was returned to Azerbaijan as part of the 2020 Nagorno-Karabakh ceasefire agreement.
# Medborgarplatsen metro station

Medborgarplatsen, formerly known as Södra Bantorget, is a station on the Green line of the Stockholm metro. It is situated near to the Medborgarplatsen square in the district of Södermalm in central Stockholm, and lies below Götgatan between its junctions with Noe Arksgränden [sv] and Folkungagatan. The station has a single island platform, which is accessed by entrances at the junction of Götgatan with Folkungagatan, and in the Björns trädgård. The distance to Slussen is 0.6 km (0.37 mi).
Medborgarplatsen is, along with Skanstull, the oldest underground station on the metro, actually predating that system by some years. The station lies in the Södertunneln, a tunnel originally built in 1933 for use by routes 8 and 19 of the Stockholm tramway. Originally known as Södra Bantorget, the station took its current name in 1944. In 1950, it became part of Stockholm's first metro line when the Södertunneln was adapted to become part of the line from Slussen south to Hökarängen. This adaption required an extension of the station platforms to the north to accommodate the metro's trains, and this work was not completed when the line opened on 1 October, with the station not reopening until 1 November. The entrance in the Björns trädgård was opened on 29 November 1995.
The walls of the station have yellow tiles, partly original from the 1930s. As part of Art in the Stockholm metro project, Gunnar Söderström [sv] designed the color scheme of the pillars and walls in 1979. In the southern ticket hall there is a wall decoration and floor mosaic by Mari Pårup [sv] from 1997.

## Gallery

* Södra Bantorget tram station, 1930s
* Entrance on Folkungagatan, 2009
* Ticket hall, 2017
* Exit to Björns trädgård, 2017
* Station tiles, 1954
# Arab International Academy

Arab International Academy (AIA), (Arabic: الأكاديمية العربية الدولية) is located in Doha, Qatar. Founded in 2016, AIA is an International Baccalaureate (IB) World School for the Diploma Programme (DP) and Middle Years Programme (MYP), and is now an authorised school for the IB Primary Years Programme (PYP). Its chairman is Abdullah bin Ali Al-Thani, an adviser in the Amiri Diwan in Doha, Qatar.

## Curriculum

As an IB World School for the DP (grades 11 and 12), the MYP (grades 6-10), and a candidate school for the PYP (grades KG-5), AIA implements high-quality international academic programs that develop the whole person cognitively, socially, emotionally and physically. Also, it considers the following standards in its programs; the Qatari local standards in education, the American Education Reaches Out (AERO), and the Common Core State Standards (CCSS).
Arab International Academy primarily focuses on Arabic and English languages at all levels, and allows students to learn French as an additional language.
# Petia Arnaudova

Petia Arnaudova (Bulgarian: Петя Арнаудова) is a physician and author of medical books. She has three specialties, internal medicine, rheumatology, and pharmacology, as well as a Doctor of Science degree and a professorship in medicine. She is Bulgarian and American citizen currently living in Chicago, United States and Sofia, Bulgaria.
Arnaudova has more than thirty years of clinical, scientific and educational practice, mainly at Medical University of Sofia, Bulgaria. She has also been:
* Deputy Minister of Health for the Ministry of Health of Bulgaria (1994–1995)
* Vice-President of the joint Greek-Bulgarian medical company Biocheck based in Sofia, Bulgaria (1996–1997)
* Director of the Department of Clinical Research at the American pharmaceutical company Viral Genetics, Inc. in Pasadena, CA, USA (1999–2001)
* Senior Editor of Cardioscript International, based in Salt Lake City, UT, USA – a service for translating, editing and revising scientific medical manuscripts to meet the standards of American scientific publications (1998–2006).

## Scientific works

* Petia Arnaudova. Concise Medical Encyclopedia for Everyone (Bulgarian: Малка медицинска енциклопедия за всеки). 411 pages. Iztok-Zapad, Sofia, 2013. ISBN 6191522967.
* Petia Arnaudova. Terminologia Medica – Polyglotta, Eponymica et Acronymica (Title in Latin) (Bulgarian: Медицинска терминология – полиглотна, епонимна и акронимна). 748 pages, Medizina i Fizkultura, Sofia, 2012.
* Petia Arnaudova. Congenital Anomalies in Clinical Practice (Bulfarian: Вродени аномалии в клиничната практика). 305 pages. Medizina i Fizkultura, Sofia, 2010. ISBN 9789544202804.
* Petia Arnaudova. A Popular Medical Dictionary, or How to Understand Doctor-Speak (Bulgarian: Популярен медицински речник или как да разберем какво си говорят лекарите): 354 pages, Medizina i Fizkultura, Sofia, 2008. ISBN 9789544202644.
* Petia Arnaudova. Medical Acronyms, Abbreviations, and Symbols in 5 languages – Latin, Bulgarian, Russian, English, German (Bulgarian: Медицински акроними, съкращения и символи от 5 езика). 450 pages, Medizina i Fizkultura, Sofia, 2008. ISBN 9789544202699.
* Petia Arnaudova. Eponyms in Internal Medicine (Bulgarian: Епонимни термини в морфологията, нозологията и клиниката на вътрешните болести): 376 pages, Medizina i Fizkultura, Sofia, 2005. ISBN 9544202366.
* Petia Arnaudova. Nova Terminologia Medica Polyglotta et Eponymica (Title in Latin) (in 7 languages – Latin, Bulgarian, Russian, English, French, German, Spanish): 738 pages. 1st Ed., 2003; 2nd Ed., 2005. Medizina i Fizkultura, Sofia.
* Georgie Arnaudov, Petia Arnaudova. Terminologia Medica Polyglotta (in 6 languages): 3rd Ed., 1090 pages, Medizina i Fizkultura, Sofia, 1992. ISBN 9544200126.
* Georgie Arnaudov, Petia Arnaudova. Pharmacotherapy (Bulgarian: Лекарствена терапия): 6th Ed., 976 pages, Medizina i Fizkultura, Sofia, 1984.
# Gerra (Gambarogno) railway station

Gerra (Gambarogno) railway station (Italian: Stazione di Gerra (Gambarogno)) is a railway station in the municipality of Gambarogno, in the Swiss canton of Ticino. It is an intermediate stop on the standard gauge Cadenazzo–Luino line of Swiss Federal Railways.

## Services

As of the December 2021 timetable change, the following services stop at Gerra (Gambarogno):
* S30: service every two hours between Cadenazzo and Luino or Gallarate.
# Archibius

Archibius (Ancient Greek: Ἀρχίβιος) was the name of several people of classical antiquity:
* Archibius of Alexandria, grammarian who wrote about the epigrams of Callimachus
* Archibius (surgeon), a Greek surgeon of the 1st century CE
* Archibius of Leucas or Alexandria, a grammarian, who taught at Rome in the time of the emperor Trajan, according to the Suda
# Burg Castle

Burg Castle (German: Schloss Burg) may refer to:
* Burg Castle (Solingen), in the German state of North Rhine-Westphalia
* Burg Castle (Burg im Leimental), in the Swiss canton of Basel-Landschaft
See also
* Berg Castle, in Luxembourg
* Berg Castle (Bavaria)
# San Carlos River (Paraguay)

The San Carlos River (Spanish: Río San Carlos) is a river located in the Alto Paraguay Department of Paraguay.
# Ayakapı

Ayakapı (Turkish: "The Gate of the Saint", "The holy gate") (the toponym comes from the Turkish word Aya, derived from pronunciation of the Greek word ἁγἰα, meaning "female Saint" and the Turkish word kapı, meaning "gate") is a quarter of Istanbul, Turkey. It is part of the district of Fatih, inside the walled city, and lies on the shore of the Golden Horn. During the Byzantine era, it was named ta Dexiokratiana or ta Dexiokratous in Greek, after the houses owned here by a certain Dexiokrates. Its modern name comes from a church dedicated to Saint Theodosia which, according to Petrus Gillius, stood near the gate. In Ayakapı lies one of the most important surviving Byzantine buildings of the historical peninsula, the Gül Mosque. Moreover, in 1582 the Ottoman architect Sinan built here a Turkish bath, the Ayakapı Hamamı. This structure is currently used as a storage for timber.

## Gallery

* Holy Gate or Ayakapı
* Holy Gate or Ayakapı
# Pawłowice, Lipsko County

Pawłowice is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Solec nad Wisłą, within Lipsko County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately 8 kilometres (5 mi) south of Solec nad Wisłą, 12 km (7 mi) south-east of Lipsko, and 138 km (86 mi) south of Warsaw.
# Argam Aivazian

Argam Ararati Aivazian (sometimes written Ayvazyan; Armenian: Արգամ Արարատի Այվազյան; born 20 July 1947) is an Armenian historian, journalist and researcher. Born in the village of Arinj in the Nakhichevan ASSR, he is particularly known for his books and monographs about the Armenian culture and history of that region, and has written books about the towns of Hin Jugha (Julfa) and Agulis, as well as more than 200 other works, mostly in Armenian.

## Biography

Argam Aivazian was born in 1947 the village of Arinj (Ayrınc) in the Nakhichevan Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic of the Azerbaijan SSR (now located in the Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic of Azerbaijan). He went to grade school in his home village. He graduated from the Armenian State Pedagogical University in 1984.
Aivazian has worked at the Monument Protection Department of the Armenian SSR and the Art Institute of Armenian Academy of Sciences. His photographic archive contains over 10000 negatives. It is one of the largest documentary collections of historical Armenian architecture in the world.
From 1992 to 2000 he was a Senior Researcher at the Institute of Archeology and Ethnography of the Armenian National Academy of Sciences.

## Awards

* Honored Cultural Worker of Armenia (2009)
* Boghossian Prize (for the 6-volume book "The Lithographic Inheritance of Nakhidjevan", 2010)
* RA Presidential Award (2011)

## Selected works

* The Historical Monuments of Nakhichevan. Translated into English by Krikor H. Maksoudian. Detroit: Wayne State University Press, 1990, 152 p., ISBN 0-8143-1896-7.
* The khachkars of Nakhijevan . Published in English and Armenian. Yerevan, 1996.
* The Symphony of the Destroyed Jugha Khatchkars. Published in English, Russian, and Armenian. Yerevan, 2007.
* Nakhijevan: Map of Monuments. Yerevan, 2007.
* Djugha. In English and Russian. Yerevan: Hayastan Publishing, 1990.
* (in Armenian) "The Rock-Carvings of Navasar." Lraber Hasarakakan Gituyunneri, № 2, 1981.
* (in Armenian) Ջուղա (Jugha). Yerevan: Sovetakan Grogh, 1984.
* (in Armenian) Monumental Memorials and Reliefs of Nakhijevan. Yerevan, 1987.
* (in Armenian) The Art of Wall Painting in Nakhijevan. Yerevan, 1998.
* (in Armenian) Նախիջեւանի վիմագրական ժառանգութիւնը (The Lithographic Inheritance of Nakhidjevan). Two volumes. Antelias, 2005.
# Aza Gazgireyeva

Aza Adlopovna Gazgireyeva (Russian: Аза Адлоповна Газгиреева; 29 October 1954, Saran, Kazakhstan – 10 June 2009, Nazran), also known as Aza Gazgireeva, was an Ingush jurist who served as the deputy chief justice of the Supreme Court of Ingushetia. She was assassinated in Nazran on 10 June 2009.
Gazgireyeva became deputy chief justice on the Ingush Supreme Court following the assassination of her predecessor on the court, Khasan Yandiev, on 13 April 2008.
On 10 June 2009, gunmen opened fire on Gazgireyeva's chauffeur-driven van in the Ingushetian city of Nazran shortly after she dropped her children off at kindergarten. At least one gunman reportedly walked up to Gazgireyeva and shot her in the head. Five other people, including a one-year-old child, were injured during the attack on Gazgireyeva, according to Russian television broadcasts. The gunmen escaped in two cars. Gazgireyeva died at a hospital in Nazran hours after the attack.
Gazgireyeva is believed to have been killed because of her work on the court. She oversaw Supreme Court trials involving crimes carried out by Islamic extremists and separatist groups in Russia's North Caucasus region. She may have been targeted for her role in the investigation of a 2004 attack on Ingush police forces by Chechen militants. The chairman of the Ingush Supreme Court, Mikhail Zadvornov, told Russia's Interfax news agency that, "Aza Gazgireyeva was a judge with 25 years experience ... the reason for her murder was her professional activities." Ingushetia's deputy interior minister Valery Zhernov called Gazgireyeva's killing both "brutal" and "brazen".
Gazgireyeva's assassination came just eighteen months after the shooting death of her predecessor, Khasan Yandiev. Her death came amidst a series of attacks on officials in Ingushetia and other parts of Russia's troubled Caucasus region. Adilgerei Magomedtagirov, a Russian general and interior minister of neighboring Dagestan, was shot dead on 5 June 2009. The President of Ingushetia Yunus-Bek Yevkurov was critically wounded in a suicide bombing on 22 June 2009, less than two weeks after Gazgireyeva's death.
# National Rally (New Caledonia)

The Federation of The National Rally (French: La fédération du Rassemblement national; abbreviated RN) formerly known as the National Front is a political party that acts as the regional wing of the French National Rally in the French Overseas Territory of New Caledonia. It is currently led by businessman and former Caledonia Together politician Alain Descombels.
The RN is a loyalist party, opposing both the full independence of New Caledonia and concessions towards Kanak nationalist forces. Unlike other anti-separatist parties represented in the Congress of New Caledonia which exist as independent entities affiliated to parties in metropolitan France, the RN of New Caledonia functions as an extension of the same party in France.

## History

The New Caledonia federation of the National Front was created in 1984 in response to growing tensions and violence between loyalists and militant separatist groups such as FLNKS during a period known as "the events." Some loyalist activists had also come to see The Rally under its leadership of Jacques Lafleur as too moderate and supported Jean-Marie Le Pen's call for a "French Caledonia." Among the parties founders included former mayor of Thio and Caledonian Union politician Roger Galliot. The party also formed an alliance with another far-right anti-separatist party the Caledonian Front led by Justin Guillemard.
The party saw a peak of popularity during the 1980s. It first contested the 1984 New Caledonian legislative election and won a seat which was taken by Galliot. The party later increased to three representatives during the early 1985 New Caledonian legislative election during which Le Pen visited New Caledonia to organise the party's campaign. During the 1988 territorial elections, it won 8 seats out of 48 and become the second dominant anti-separatist party after The Rally.
The National Front's support declined during the 1990s, as violence between groups died down and the party rejected the Nouméa Accord. The party's support was also concentrated in the South Province which saw it in competition with other new loyalist parties. Although the party predominantly consolidated its support with Caldoche communities, the National Front also began expanding to Wallisians and loyalist Kanaks who had been targeted militants. In 1999, the party lost all of its representatives and subsequently endorsed Harold Martin and his Future Together party until 2009 when it tried to contest the New Caledonia Congress elections but did not see any candidates elected.
In 2021, the party regained representation in the Congress for the first time when representative Guy-Olivier Cuénot was nominated to take over from fellow Future with Confidence member Christopher Gygès who resigned his seat.
# Mieming Plateau

relief 47°19′N 10°59′E﻿ / ﻿47.317°N 10.983°E﻿ / 47.317; 10.983
The Mieming Plateau (German: Mieminger Plateau) is a mountain terrace between 850 and 1000 metres high above the Upper Inn valley in the Austrian state of Tyrol at the southern foot of the Mieming Chain. It lies in the municipalities of Wildermieming, Mieming, Obsteig and Mötz.
The low mountain terrace is composed of ground moraines and gravels, probably from the Würm glaciation. In the south the terrace is bounded by the so-called Achberg range (Achbergzug), a chain of mountains made of main dolomite, the other side of which is the Inn valley.
The plateau is about 14 kilometres long and up to 4 kilometres wide. Except near Telfs and Mötz it drops steeply 200 metres down to the Inn valley and ends in the west at the Holzleiten Saddle, where the road continues to the Gurgltal and the Fern Pass section. From Telfs and Mötz there are transit routes that have probably been used since Roman times (Via Claudia Augusta), as evinced by an undated milestone near Holzleiten, that run across the plateau to the Fern Pass and on towards Augsburg.
The region is characterised by its small-scale division into fields of pasture and crops that alternate with larch meadows and open forest. A network of walking paths and cycleways, and in winter cross-country skiing routes, criss-crosses the plateau, making it a popular recreation area.
The fictitious village of Sonnenstein in the TV series Bergdoktor ("Mountain Doctor") is set on the plateau.