OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Privileged altar

A Privileged Altar (Latin: Altare Privilegiatum) was an altar in a Roman Catholic church where a plenary indulgence could be applied in favor of a soul in purgatory by the priest celebrating Mass whenever Mass was celebrated there. This was an additional indulgence, over and above the graces and benefits normally flowing from the celebration of Mass.
Such altars were once granted by special concession, but later became widespread: the privilege was extended by the Pope to altars in many churches and by the twentieth century any bishop could designate one altar in each church under his jurisdiction as a privileged altar (normally the main altar for daily Mass in most parish churches). Such altars were supposed to have a plaque or inscription nearby, "altare privilegiatum".
Individual priests could, by various means, obtain a grant of a, "personal privileged altar". This type of grant of the indulgence was not limited to a physical altar, as above, but traveled with the priest whenever, and wherever, he celebrated Mass. Such a privilege was automatically granted by law to cardinals and bishops, and could be obtained by priests upon request or by undertaking the, "Heroic Act of Charity", a private commitment by the priest offering to God any indulgences he merited to be applied to the most needy souls in purgatory.
With the 1724 bull Omnium saluti of Pope Benedict XIII, a privileged altar could be permitted in every patriarchal, metropolitan or cathedral church.
The grants of privileged altars were replaced by Norm 20 of Pope Paul VI's Apostolic Constitution 'Indulgentiarum Doctrina', which expanded the grant of the indulgence explained above to all Masses, "whatsover", wherever and by whomever they are celebrated.
# Barumini

Barumini (Sardinian: Barùmini) is a comune (municipality) in the Province of South Sardinia in the Italian region of Sardinia, located about 50 kilometres (31 mi) north of Cagliari and about 15 kilometres (9 mi) northeast of Sanluri.
Barumini borders the following municipalities: Gergei, Gesturi, Las Plassas, Tuili, Villanovafranca.
It is home to Su Nuraxi di Barumini, a Nuraghe complex listed in the UNESCO World Heritage Sites.

## Pictures

* Parochial church of the "Vergine Immacolata“
* Palazzo Zapata
* Palazzo Zapata
* San Giovanni Batista
# Kara-Kudyur

Kara-Kudyur (Russian: Кара-Кудюр; Altay: Кара-Кујур, Kara-Kuĵur) is a rural locality (a selo) in Ulagansky District, the Altai Republic, Russia. The population was 344 as of 2016. There are 4 streets.

## Geography

Kara-Kudyur is located 13 km northwest of Ulagan (the district's administrative centre) by road. Chibilya is the nearest rural locality.
# Jules C. Webber

Jules C. Webber (August 27, 1838 – January 12, 1872) was a lieutenant colonel in the Union Army during the American Civil War.
Jules C. Webber was born in Mayville, New York on August 27, 1838. He was a lawyer in Illinois before the Civil War. He was the brother-in law of Union Army Major General Joseph J. Reynolds.
Webber began his Civil War service as a first sergeant in the 18th Illinois Volunteer Infantry Regiment on May 28, 1861. He was appointed as first lieutenant on September 15, 1861. He was appointed captain and aide-de-camp to Major General Frederick Steele on June 7, 1864 and November 7, 1864. Webber was appointed lieutenant colonel of the 18th Illinois Infantry on March 24, 1865. He was mustered out of the volunteers on December 16, 1865.
On February 24, 1866 (resubmitted July 26, 1866), President Andrew Johnson nominated Webber for appointment to the grade of brevet brigadier general of volunteers, to rank from March 13, 1865, and the United States Senate confirmed the appointment on April 10, 1866 (reconfirmed July 27, 1866).
Jules C. Webber died at Vicksburg, Mississippi on January 12, 1872. He was buried in Evergreen Cemetery, Morris, Illinois.
# Gabriel Caldwell Wharton

Gabriel Caldwell Wharton was born in Springfield, Washington County, Kentucky, 13 June 1839 and died in Louisville, Kentucky, 22 February 1887.
Wharton enlisted in 1861 with the 10th Regiment Kentucky Volunteer Infantry. During the Battle of Chickamauga, the brigade commander of the 2d Brigade (of the 3d Division, 14th Army Corps) fell, and Col. William H. Hays who was commander of the 10th Infantry Regiment took command of that brigade. Col. Wharton took command of the 10th Infantry Regiment at that time. By March 1863 he was promoted to Lieutenant Colonel and commanded the regiment.
After the war he resumed practice as a lawyer and died in Louisville.
# Jana Pérez

Jana Pérez (born 23 September 1986) is a Spanish actress and model.

## Biography

Raised in the neighborhood of Horta, Barcelona, she made her debut as an advertising model at the age of 6. At that same age, she met her father (who is from Ceuta).
Her grandfather was a boxing champion in Spain.
In 2013 she starred in the global campaign The House of Häagen-Dazs, alongside actor Bradley Cooper.

## Filmography

* 2013: Love Matters (as Matilda)
* 2015: Cinderella (as Princess Chelina of Zaragoza)
* 2016: Our Kind of Traitor (as Maria)
* 2018: Fariña (as Camila Reyes)
* 2018: Holmes & Watson (as Lestrade's wife)
* 2021: The One (as Sophia Rodriguez)
# Edward N. Whittier

Edward Newton Whittier (July 1, 1840 – June 14, 1902) was a Union Army officer during the American Civil War. He took temporary command of the 5th Maine Battery when Captain Greenlief T. Stevens was wounded at the Battle of Gettysburg. Whittier received the Medal of Honor for gallantry during the Battle of Fisher's Hill near Strasburg, Virginia fought September 21–22, 1864. The battle was one of the engagements of the Valley Campaigns of 1864.
Whittier was later breveted to the rank of captain. He was a companion of the Massachusetts Commandery of the Military Order of the Loyal Legion of the United States.

## Medal of Honor citation

“The President of the United States of America, in the name of Congress, takes pleasure in presenting the Medal of Honor to First Lieutenant (Field Artillery) Edward Newton Whittier, United States Army, for extraordinary heroism on 22 September 1864, while serving with Battery 5, Maine Light Artillery, in action at Fisher's Hill, Virginia. While acting as assistant adjutant general, Artillery Brigade, 6th Army Corps, First Lieutenant Whittier went over the enemy's works, mounted, with the assaulting column, to gain quicker possession of the guns and to turn them upon the enemy.”
# Thomas J. Williams

Thomas J. Williams (1838 – November 18, 1866) was a Union Army officer during the American Civil War.
Thomas J. Williams was born at Paterson, New Jersey in 1838. He was a bookkeeper before the Civil War.
Williams served as a captain with the 23rd Regiment Kentucky Volunteer Infantry, beginning December 16, 1861. He was discharged on January 1, 1865. On March 1, 1865, he was appointed a major of the 55th Regiment Kentucky Volunteer Mounted Infantry. He was promoted to lieutenant colonel, March 23, 1865. He was mustered out of the volunteers on September 19, 1865. He was appointed a brevet colonel, to rank from September 22, 1865.
On January 13, 1866, President Andrew Johnson nominated Williams for appointment to the grade of brevet brigadier general of volunteers, to rank from September 22, 1865, and the United States Senate confirmed the appointment on March 12, 1866.
Thomas J. Williams died at Covington, Kentucky, November 18, 1866. He was buried at Spring Grove Cemetery, Cincinnati, Ohio.
# Eritrea national badminton team

The Eritrea national badminton team (Tigrinya: ሃገራዊት ጋንታ ባድሚንተን ኤርትራ) represents Eritrea in international badminton team competitions. The team is controlled by the Eritrean National Badminton Federation, the governing body for badminton in Eritrea. The national team debuted in the 2004 African Badminton Championships after the formation of the national federation in 2004.

## History
### Mixed team

Eritrea competed in the 2004 African Badminton Championships team event. The team finished on the bottom of Group A after losing 5–0 to all of their opponents. In 2019, Eritrea made their badminton debut at the African Games. The team were eliminated in the group stages after losing 5–0 to Egypt and South Africa.

## Competitive record
### African Games
#### Mixed team

| Year | Round | Pos |
| 2003 | Did not enter | Did not enter |
| 2007 | Did not enter | Did not enter |
| 2011 | Did not enter | Did not enter |
| 2015 | Did not enter | Did not enter |
| 2019 | Group stage | |
| 2027 | TBD | TBD |

### African Team Championships

    **Red border color indicates tournament was held on home soil.

## Junior competitive record
### Suhandinata Cup

| Year | Round | Pos |
| 2000 to 2024 | Did not enter | Did not enter |
| 2025 | To be determined | To be determined |

### African Junior Team Championships
#### Mixed team

| Year | Round | Pos |
| 1979 to 1988 | Part of Ethiopia | Part of Ethiopia |
| 1993 to 2022 | Did not enter | Did not enter |
| 2024 | To be determined | To be determined |
    **Red border color indicates tournament was held on home soil.

## Players
### Current squad

    As of 2 January 2024

#### Men's team

| Name | DoB/Age | Ranking of event | Ranking of event | Ranking of event |
| Name | DoB/Age | MS | MD | XD |
| Filimon Samsom | (1990-02-07) 7 February 1990 (age 34) | - | - | - |
| Leykun Semere | (1994-01-29) 29 January 1994 (age 30) | - | - | - |

#### Women's team

| Name | DoB/Age | Ranking of event | Ranking of event | Ranking of event |
| Name | DoB/Age | WS | WD | XD |
| Kisanet Heyelom | (2000-06-27) 27 June 2000 (age 24) | - | - | - |
| Yodit Okbamichael | (1988-06-11) 11 June 1988 (age 36) | - | - | - |
# Johnny Fry

John Fry Jr. (1840 – October 6, 1863) was the closing rider on the first westbound Pony Express and later a soldier in the United States Cavalry who was killed in action during the American Civil War.

## Early life and The Pony Express

Fry was born in Bourbon County, Kentucky to John Fry Sr., the son of a German immigrant, and Susannah "Sally" Fry (née Humble) in 1840. Sally moved with her son and new husband Benjamin Wells to Rushville, Missouri around 1857.
In the winter of 1860, William H. Russell, Alexander Majors, William B. Waddell and Secretary of War John B. Floyd were working to undermine efforts by the Atlantic & Pacific Mail Company's efforts to secure from Congress $10,000,000 for rail mail service between the westernmost rail head in St. Joseph, Missouri and the gold fields of northern California. At the Willard Hotel, Russell's party bet the Atlantic & Pacific's backers $100,000 that men on horseback could make the journey of 1,950 miles in ten days. The bet resulted in The Pony Express, set to start the next spring, on April 8, 1860.
As an adult, "Johnny" Fry weighed 120 pounds and described as: "Tough and wiry, he was as light as a cat." Fry was assigned the last sixty miles using six thoroughbred horses to do it. While there are no photographs of the start of the Pony Express, the old tin-type of Johnny Fry standing next to Johnson William Richardson in a sailor's hat and jacket, with Charlie Cliff and his brother Gus Cliff, pictures the riders hired by Lewis for Russell, Majors, and Waddell.
The Pony Express failed as economically untenable in October 1861 due to the arrival of the transcontinental telegraph. The American Civil War was underway and Johnny Fry joined the Union Army and was killed by Quantrill's Raiders in the Battle of Baxter Springs.
# Surriya Naseem

Surriya Naseem (Urdu: ثریا نسیم; born 10 November 1967) is a Pakistani politician who was a Member of the Provincial Assembly of the Punjab, from February 2007 to November 2007 and again from May 2013 to May 2018.

## Early life and education

She was born on 10 November 1967 in Faisalabad.
She earned the degree of Master of Arts in Urdu from Murray College in 1989. She also received the degrees of Bachelor of Education in 1990 and Master of Arts in Islamiat in 1998, both from the University of the Punjab.

## Political career

She was elected to the Provincial Assembly of the Punjab in February 2007, where he served until November 2007.
She was re-elected to the Provincial Assembly of the Punjab as a candidate of Pakistan Muslim League (N) on a reserved seat for women in 2013 Pakistani general election.
# Foro

Foro (Arabic: فورو, Tigrinya: ፎሮ) is a town in the Northern Red Sea region (Zoba Semienawi Keyih Bahri) of Eritrea.

## Overview

A small city located near the coast, Foro was built at the confluence of the Haddas, Aligide and Comaile rivers. In the 1960s, there was significant agricultural development on its alluvial plains.
The Aksumite ruins of Adulis are situated about 6 kilometres (3.7 mi) to the east.
# Panthoibi (disambiguation)

Panthoibi (Meitei: /pan.tʰoi.bi/) may refer to:
* Panthoibi, an ancient Meitei goddess of civilization, courage, fertility, handicraft, love, victory, warfare and wisdom
* Panthoibi Iratpa, a traditional Meitei religious festival dedicated to goddess Panthoibi
* Panthoibi Jagoi, a traditional Meitei dance form dedicated to goddess Panthoibi
* Panthoibi Khongul, an old Meitei language religious text dedicated to goddess Panthoibi
# Samuel Bonsall Parish

Samuel Bonsall Parish (1838–1928) was a California botanist and curator of the herbarium at Stanford University. A number of plants were named in his honor, including Allium parishii, Atriplex parishii, Boechera parishii, Chaenactis parishii, Cheilanthes parishii, Delphinium parishii ssp. pallidum, Delphinium parishii ssp. parishii, Ericameria parishii, Erigeron parishii, Eriogonum parishii, Eschscholzia parishii, Euphorbia parishii, Galium parishii, Grusonia parishii, Heuchera parishii, Lycium parishii, Malacothamnus parishii, Mimulus parishii, Orobanche parishii ssp. brachyloba, Orobanche parishii ssp. parishii, Perideridia parishii, Phacelia parishii, Plagiobothrys parishii, Puccinellia parishii, Silene parishii, Solanum parishii, Stipa parishii, Symphoricarpos parishii, Tauschia parishii, Trichostema parishii, Viguiera parishii, and others.
After studying at New York University in 1858, he became a professor and then participated for four years at the American Civil War. With his brother, he bought a ranch near San Bernardino in 1872 and studied the flora of southern California. His collection of plants of this region led him to undertake a collaboration with Charles Christopher Parry and C. G. Pringle. His herbarium was sold to Stanford University in 1917.
# Homeland of Armenians Party

The Homeland of Armenians Party (Armenian: Հայերի հայրենիք կուսակցություն, romanized: Hayeri hayrenik’ kusakts’ut’yun) is an Armenian political party. It was originally registered in 2005 but de-registered in 2016. The party was officially re-established in 2018 following the 2018 Armenian revolution and is currently led by Artak Galstyan.

## History

The Homeland of Armenians Party was established in 2018 and Artak Galstyan was elected chairman of the party. The party announced its intentions to participate in the 2021 Armenian parliamentary election. Following the election, the party won 1.03% of the popular vote, failing to win any seats in the National Assembly. The party released a statement claiming that there were several violations during the elections and that they were rigged. Currently, the party acts as an extra-parliamentary force.

## Ideology

The party supports the strengthening of the Armenian military, protecting the territorial integrity of Armenia and Artsakh, and criminalizing hate speech. The party maintains Pro-Russian views and supports Russian troops guarding the Armenian border.

## Electoral record
### Parliamentary elections

| Election | Leader | Votes | % | Seats | +/– | Position | Government |
| 2021 | Artak Galstyan | 13,130 | 1.03% | 0 / 107 | 0 | 12th | Extra-parliamentary |
# Guerau de Cabrera

Guerau or Guerao de Cabrera (Occitan: Giraut or Guiraut de Cabreira) may refer to:
* Guerau I de Cabrera
* Guerau II de Cabrera (died c. 1132)
* Guerau III de Cabrera (died c. 1160)
* Guerau IV de Cabrera (died 1228)
# 6500 Kodaira

6500 Kodaira, provisional designation 1993 ET, is a highly eccentric, rare-type asteroid and sizable Mars-crosser from the central regions of the asteroid belt, approximately 10 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered on 15 March 1993, by Japanese amateur astronomers Kin Endate and Kazuro Watanabe at Kitami Observatory in eastern Hokkaidō, Japan. It was named for Japanese astronomer Keiichi Kodaira.

## Orbit and classification

Kodaira orbits the Sun at a distance of 1.6–3.9 AU once every 4 years and 7 months (1,670 days). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.42 and an inclination of 29° with respect to the ecliptic.
In April 1970, it was first identified as 1970 GE$_1$ at the Chilean Cerro El Roble Station, extending the body's observation arc by 23 years prior to its official discovery observation at Kitami.

## Physical characteristics

In the SMASS classification, Kodaira is carbonaceous and uncommon B-type asteroid, of which only a few dozen bodies are currently known.

### Rotation period

In October 2014, a rotational lightcurve of Kodaira was obtained from photometric observations by American astronomer Robert Stephens at the Center for Solar System Studies (U81) in California. Lightcurve analysis gave a well-defined rotation period of 5.400 hours with a brightness variation of 0.78 magnitude (U=3).
Previous observations at Montgomery College Observatory (MCO), the Preston Gott and McDonald Observatories, and at the Palomar Transient Factory gave similar periods between 5.398 and 5.496 hours (U=3-/3-/2).

### Diameter and albedo

According to first-year results from the NEOWISE mission of NASA's Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer, Kodaira measures 9.5 kilometers in diameter and its surface has an albedo of 0.15, while the Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link assumes a standard albedo for carbonaceous asteroids of 0.057 and calculates a diameter of 16.8 kilometers with an absolute magnitude of 12.6.

## Naming

This minor planet was named after Keiichi Kodaira (born 1937), Japanese astronomer and director of NAOJ, whose interests lie in astrophysics and galactic physics.
In the 1980s, Kodaira was head of IAU's commission of Theory of Stellar Atmospheres (comm. 36). He was also instrumental for the completion of the Subaru Telescope project, of which he was the scientific director since its inception. The approved naming citation was published by the Minor Planet Center on 1 June 1996 (M.P.C. 27331).
# Lagiacrusichthys

Lagiacrusichthys macropinna, the longfin greeneye, is a species of pearleye and the only species in the genus Lagiacrusichthys. L. macropinna live between 0–840 m depth, usually 500 m. This species occurs in Antarctic waters. This species is the only known member of its genus. The genus is named after the fictional monster Lagiacrus from the Monster Hunter video game series and franchise, as both are "rather ferocious coldwater predators" that inhabit the deep ocean.
# Wrestling at the Commonwealth Games

Wrestling at the Commonwealth Games is an optional sport for that was one of six to be featured on the Programme in Hamilton 1930. The sport was originally male only until women's events were added at the 2010 games. Wrestling was present at all editions of the games program until 1994. The sport was first removed from the program in 1998, when Malaysian organizers replaced it with 10-pin bowling, as the sport lacked popular appeal in the country and medal chances were also low, returning in 2002. In the following edition in 2006, it was again removed for the addition of basketball. The second return was in 2010, when in addition to freestyle wrestling, the Indian organizers chose to add Greco-Roman wrestling events. The sport was present in the 2014, 2018 and 2022 editions. It was announced in October 2024 that wrestling had not been chosen for the 2026 games.

## Editions

| Games | Year | Host city | Host country | Best nation |
| I | 1930 | Hamilton, Ontario | Canada | Canada |
| II | 1934 | London | England | Canada |
| III | 1938 | Sydney, | Australia | Australia |
| IV | 1950 | Auckland | New Zealand | Australia |
| V | 1954 | Vancouver | Canada | South Africa |
| VI | 1958 | Cardiff | Wales | South Africa |
| VII | 1962 | Perth | Australia | Pakistan |
| VIII | 1966 | Kingston | Jamaica | Pakistan |
| IX | 1970 | Edinburgh | Scotland | India |
| X | 1974 | Christchurch | New Zealand | Canada |
| XI | 1978 | Edmonton, Alberta | Canada | Canada |
| XII | 1982 | Brisbane, Queensland | Australia | Canada |
| XIII | 1986 | Edinburgh | Scotland | Canada |
| XV | 1994 | Victoria, | Canada | Canada |
| XVII | 2002 | Manchester | England | Canada |
| XIX | 2010 | Delhi | India | Australia |
| XX | 2014 | Glasgow | Scotland | England |
| XXI | 2018 | Gold Coast, Queensland | Australia | Australia |
| XXII | 2022 | Birmingham | England | Australia |

## All-time medal table

Updated after the 2022 Commonwealth Games
| Rank | Nation | Gold | Silver | Bronze | Total |
| 1 | Canada | 69 | 48 | 30 | 147 |
| 2 | India | 49 | 39 | 26 | 114 |
| 3 | Pakistan | 21 | 14 | 11 | 46 |
| 4 | Australia | 14 | 22 | 17 | 53 |
| 5 | South Africa | 13 | 10 | 11 | 34 |
| 6 | Nigeria | 12 | 13 | 24 | 49 |
| 7 | England | 5 | 22 | 42 | 69 |
| 8 | New Zealand | 3 | 9 | 18 | 30 |
| 9 | Scotland | 1 | 5 | 15 | 21 |
| 10 | Cameroon | 0 | 3 | 4 | 7 |
| 11 | Wales | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 |
| 12 | Cyprus | 0 | 0 | 2 | 2 |
| 13 | Northern Ireland | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| 13 | Sri Lanka | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| 13 | Zambia | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| 13 | Zimbabwe | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| Totals (16 entries) | Totals (16 entries) | 187 | 186 | 206 | 579 |
# The Sentinel (1992 film)

The Sentinel (French: La sentinelle) is a 1992 French thriller film, directed by Arnaud Desplechin. It was entered into the 1992 Cannes Film Festival.

## Cast

* Emmanuel Salinger - Mathias Barillet
* Thibault de Montalembert - Jean-Jacques
* Jean-Louis Richard - Bleicher
* Valérie Dréville - Nathalie
* Marianne Denicourt - Marie Barillet
* Jean-Luc Boutté - Varins
* Bruno Todeschini - William
* Philippe Duclos - Macaigne
* Fabrice Desplechin - Simon
* Emmanuelle Devos - Claude
* Philippe Laudenbach - The priest
* László Szabó - Pamiat, the Russian (as Laszlo Szabo)
* Alexis Nitzer - Consul
* Mathieu Amalric - A medical student
* Nadine Alari - Mme. Barillet
* Jean-Pierre Ducos - Customs officer
* Hubert Gillet - Cop on train
* Louis-Do de Lencquesaing

## Accolades

| Award / Film Festival | Category | Recipients and nominees | Result |
| Avignon Film Festival | Prix Tournage | | Won |
| Bogotá Film Festival | Silver Precolumbian Circle | | Won |
| Cannes Film Festival | Palme d'Or | | Nominated |
| César Awards | Best First Feature Film | | Nominated |
| César Awards | Best Writing | Arnaud Desplechin | Nominated |
| César Awards | Most Promising Actor | Emmanuel Salinger | Won |
# Jule Böwe

Jule Böwe (born Kathrin Cammann, 1969) is a German actress. She has appeared in more than thirty films since 1999.

## Biography

Jule Böwe, born as the child of a psychiatrist and neurologist couple, took her first name Jule in a student dormitory after the statement of a roommate. While still in the GDR, she first trained as an occupational therapist and worked in this profession until 1992 in the "home for the injured" in Berlin-Lichtenberg and in the special hospital in Berlin-Charlottenburg. Already during her training in Wismar she played in a student theater group. She applied to some acting schools, but failed all entrance exams.

## Selected filmography

| Year | Title | Role |
| 2003 | Alltag | Franka Bischoff |
| 2005 | Katze im Sack | |
| 2006 | Black Sheep | |
| 2009 | Gravity | Sonja |
| 2010 | The Silence | |
| 2012 | Russian Disco | Jule |
| 2022 | The Ordinaries | Elisa Feinmann |
| 2022 | Grand Jeté | Doris |
# Bokjusan

Bokjusan (Korean: 복주산) is a mountain in the county of Cheorwon, Gangwon-do in South Korea. It has an elevation of 1,152 m (3,780 ft). It is part of the Bokjusan Mountain National Recreation Forest, which was officially designated as a national recreational forest in 1998.