OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Petrified forest, Khorixas

The Petrified forest, located 42 kilometres (26 mi) west of the Namibian town of Khorixas, on the C39 road, is a deposit of large tree trunks that have "turned to stone" through a process of diagenesis. There are at least two large tree trunks, each 45 metres (148 ft) long, exposed to view. Several hundred others are located in the vicinity.
It is believed that the trees were swept downstream by a large flood and covered by alluvial sands. Deprived of air, the organic matter could not rot and decay, but instead, over millions of years, underwent silicification, whereby each cell is individually fossilised and the appearance, if not the colour, of wood is retained. The surrounding sands became sandstone, which is now eroding away.
In addition, there are a large number of welwitschia plants at the site.
The site was declared a National Monument on 1 March 1950.
# Flag of Anchorage, Alaska

The city flag of Anchorage, Alaska was adopted by the city of Anchorage in 1973. It is a field of yellow with the seal of the city, which features a blue anchor in the foreground as well as a blue airplane, yellow sun, and yellow sailboat in the background. The words "ANCHORAGE ALASKA" are also present.

## History

In 1973, the city of Anchorage held a contest to adopt a city flag for the first time. Artist and longtime art professor at the University of Alaska Anchorage Joan Kimura submitted an acrylic painting of her design which was slightly adjusted and then adopted by the city. In 1975 the Anchorage Assembly passed a resolution to adapt the seal on the flag into the seal of the city, which is still in use today.

## Symbolism

The large anchor is in reference to the city's name as well as its origin as an anchorage, notably for the third voyage of James Cook. The modern airplane symbolizes Anchorage's role as a transportation hub with its Ted Stevens Anchorage International Airport. The yellow sun symbolizes the city's variation in daylight across the seasons due to its northern latitude. The ship is HMS Resolution used by Captain James Cook in his exploration of the Cook Inlet, upon which Anchorage was founded. It is unknown what the field of yellow is meant to represent, but it is possibly in reference to the Yukon Gold Rush.

## Reception

The North American Vexillological Association ranked the Anchorage flag as the 29th best of 150 selected city flags in the United States and rated it a 5.33 out of 10. Ted Kaye, secretary of the Association, said "it has great imagery, an anchor for Anchorage is just super. But writing the words Anchorage, Alaska on the flag, in a sense, shows that Anchorage is insecure about its symbolism."
The flag is rarely seen in the city; it is most notably flown at the Anchorage public library and the Anchorage Museum.
The Kimura Art Gallery at the University of Alaska Anchorage is named in honor of Sam Kimura, Professor Emeritus of Art, and the flag's designer and also Professor of Art, Joan Kimura.
# Finnish Immigration Service

Finnish Immigration Service (abbreviated Migri, Swedish: Migrationsverket, Finnish: Maahanmuuttovirasto) is an agency under the Ministry of the Interior that implements Finland's immigration policy and provides information services to support political decision-making as well as national and international cooperation. The agency started operations in 1995 under the name Ulkomaalaisvirasto, a name which was used until 2008.
The Immigration Office of the Ministry of the Interior was established in 1948 and abolished in 1989, when the Immigration Center of the Ministry of the Interior was founded, known since 1995 as the Directorate of Immigration. Since 2008, immigration matters have been handled by the Finnish Immigration Service.
The Finnish Immigration Service is a decision-making organization on immigration, asylum, refugee, and citizenship matters. Its operations include implementing immigration policy, ensuring good governance, and promoting human and fundamental rights as well as controlled immigration. Since 2017, Migri's responsibilities have expanded to include managing extensions of existing residence permits and residency matters for EU citizens.

## Organization

The Finnish Immigration Service consists of result units, including the immigration, asylum, reception, and citizenship units. Support units, including the customer and communication unit, and the headquarters, which comprises the legal and country information unit, human resources management, electronic services unit, office, and development services. The agency employs over 1,000 people. The Finnish Immigration Service is supervised and developed by the Director General, a position held by Ilkka Haahtela since September 2022.
The main office of the Finnish Immigration Service is in the Pasila administrative center in Helsinki. The Finnish Immigration Service's reception centers are located in Helsinki, Joutseno, and Oulu.
Until March 2020, the agency operated an Immigration Library on Lintulahdenkatu.

## Criticism

In May 2016, the Finnish Immigration Service announced that Iraq, Afghanistan, and Somalia were considered safer countries to return to. On February 10, 2017, asylum seekers began a demonstration against the erroneous asylum decisions made by the Finnish Immigration Service. Demonstrators demanded a review of erroneous asylum decisions, cessation of forced returns, humanitarian protection, and assurance that asylum seekers are not removed from reception centers before the next accommodation is known. Errors in asylum decisions have been attributed to the rush and inexperience of officials, as well as political reasons, although the agency denies political influence in decision-making. Translation errors are also common.
# Anestis (surname)

Anestis is a Greek surname (Greek: Ανέστης). Notable people with it include:
* Giannis Anestis (born 1991), Greek footballer
* Michael Anestis (born 1979), American psychologist and professor
# Cathedral of St. Michael the Archangel, Mariupol

Cathedral of Saint Michael the Archangel (Ukrainian: Собор Архістратига Михаїла) is a Ukrainian Orthodox church located at the left bank of the river Kalmius, Mariupol, Ukraine.

## General information

The cathedral is a six-domed church, built between 1996 and 1998 and designed by the architects V. N. Konstantinow, L. N. Kuzminkow (Russian: В. Н. Константинов, Л. Н. Кузьминков).
The cathedral is a church, built of red brick over the course of two years and completed and consecrated in 1997. It can accommodate from 200 to 1,000 parishioners.
From the observation deck of the cathedral one has panoramic views of the Sea of Azov, coastal villages of the Left Bank, green villages and hills, in particular a hill called Slag Mountain, which arose as a result of the work of the Azovstal Iron and Steel Works.
The church is commonly known as "Pozhivanovska" in honor of the former mayor of Mariupol, Mikhail Pozhivanov, who was the initiator and patron of the project of constructing this church.
The church is home to icons and shrines, the main shrine being the copy of the icon of the Mother of God "Life-Giving Spring", created at the beginning of the 19th century. Other icons are of the Archangel Michael of God and St. Nicholas. There also are icons of saints, in which particles of their remains are embedded: St. Ignatius of Mariupol; St. Lazar the Four Days, Bishop of Kita; Hieromartyr Thaddeus, Archbishop of Tver; Saint Blessed Paul of Taganrog; Martyr Grand Duchess Elizabeth; Rev. Alexy, a man of God; Great Martyr John Sochavsky, and others.
During World War II, when temples were destroyed, the icons were kept by parishioners. After a period of persecution and unrest, the image of the Mother of God was restored and returned to the church.
An administrative building was also built on the grounds of the temple to house a Sunday school, a room for the baptism of children and a refectory for the needy.
A monument to Metropolitan Ignatius of Mariupol [uk], the city's heavenly patron, stands next to the church. According to history, Metropolitan Ignatius of Gotfei and Kafai led the migration of Orthodox Greeks from the Crimea to the Azov Sea.
In 2022, during the Siege of Mariupol, the cathedral was heavily damaged.

## Gallery

* Monument to Metropolitan Ignatius - religious educator
* Foundation of the monument to Metropolitan Ignatius
# Tampere Day

Tampere Day (Finnish: Tampereen päivä; Swedish: Tammerforsdagen) is an annual celebration in Finland, held on October 1, to celebrate the city of Tampere; on that date, Tampere was granted full city rights in 1779. Tampere Day has been celebrated since 1955, when the decision to celebrate Tampere Day was made by the city government in 1954. Tampere Day is associated with many events where the city's agencies and institutions, as well as many companies, associations and communities, present their activities. The program also includes guided tours, among other things. In addition, the city will host an official gala reception for invited guests at the Tampere City Hall.
Tens of thousands of city dwellers take part in the events of Tampere Day every year. Popular places to visit have included local fire stations. In 2020, Tampere Day was celebrated online, as traditional public events were not organized due to the COVID-19 situation.
On Tampere Day, it is customary to award the Tampere Prize [fi] (Tampereen palkinto) to one or more people for work done for Tampere; the prize, founded in 1959, is awarded by the city government only to those who, either through their life's work or their activities, have contributed to the development of Tampere and the well-being of the people of Tampere or have been to increase Tampere's attractiveness.
# Rodakove

Rodakove (Ukrainian: Родакове) is a rural settlement in Zymohiria urban hromada, Alchevsk Raion (district), Luhansk Oblast (region), Ukraine. Population: 6,099 (2022 estimate)

## Demographics

Native language distribution as of the Ukrainian Census of 2001:
* Ukrainian: 40.37%
* Russian: 57.54%
* Others 0.06%
# Ovčiarsko

Ovčiarsko (Hungarian: Juhászi) is a village and municipality in Žilina District in the Žilina Region of northern Slovakia.

## History

In historical records the village was first mentioned in 1289.

## Geography

The municipality lies at an altitude of 420 metres and covers an area of 4.894 km$^2$. It has a population of about 483 people.
# People's Commissariat of State Security (Ukraine)

People's Commissariat of State Security of the UkrSSR or NKDB of the UkrSSR (Ukrainian: Народний комісаріат державної безпеки УРСР; НКДБ УРСР) was a union-republican agency of state security that was created for the first time on March 12, 1941 according to ukase of the Presidium of the Verkhovna Rada of the Ukrainian SSR and which verbatim copied ukase of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union of February 3, 1941. Pavlo Meshyk was appointed a narkom.

## Overview

On March 21, 1941, Verkhovna Rada implemented required changes and amendments to articles 45 and 48 of Constitution of the Ukrainian SSR. NKDB received status of a union-republican people's commissariat and its structure and tasks were defined with respect to structure and tasks of the NKGB of the USSR. Local affiliations of NKDB of the UkrSSR were regional administrations of NKDB (UNKDB). In districts, where were located big industrial centers of defense or nationwide significance that represented interest to foreign intelligence, were to be created district departments of NKDB. Also there were plans to organize operative departments and posts of NKDB at big rail stations and operative departments of NKDB at sea ports.
With the start of the Great Patriotic War NKVD of the USSR and NKGB of the USSR were merged according to the ukase of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of July 20, 1941. Respectfully (in the beginning of August 1941) NKDB of the UkrSSR and NKVS of the UkrSSR were also merged. After liberation of bigger part of territory of the USSR from the Nazi Germany occupation NKGB of the USSR was recreated according to resolution of Politburo of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union and ukase of Presidium of the Supreme Council of April 14, 1943 and in May 1943 there was recreated NKDB of the UkrSSR. Sergei Savchenko was appointed the narkom of state security of the UkrSSR on the orders of NKGB of the USSR. That appointment was secured by ukase of Presidium of the Verkhovna Rada of October 25, 1943. Structure and tasks of NKDB of the UkrSSR as earlier had to correspond the nationwide standards and structurally functional edification of NKGB of the USSR.
NKDB of the UkrSSR was liquidated simultaneously with NKGB of the USSR after adaption by Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of March 15, 1946 the law "About transformation of the Council of People's Commissars of the USSR into the Council of Ministers of the USSR and council of people's commissars of union and autonomous republics - into council of ministers of union and autonomous republics". According to the law on March 25, 1946 Presidium of the Verkhovna Rada issued ukase "About transformation of the Council of People's Commissars of the Ukrainian SSR into the Council of Ministers of the Ukrainian SSR and people's commissariats of the Ukrainian SSR - into ministers of the Ukrainian SSR". NKDB was transformed into the Ministry of State Security of the UkrSSR (MDB UkrSSR).
# Statue of Zabel Yesayan (Proshyan)

Statue of Zabel Yesayan (Armenian: Զաբել Եսայանի հուշարձան), a life-size monument dedicated to famous Armenian writer, novelist, translator, public speaker, literary critic Zabel Yesayan. It is located in the village of Proshyan, Kotayk Province of Armenia, in the area of the International Center for Agribusiness Research and Education (ICARE): 5th street, 12th lane, 1.
The project was implemented by the Armenian Artists Project charitable online gallery, under the initiative and sponsorship of Diaspora Armenians Victor Zarougian and Judy Saryan.

## History

In 2021, Boston-Armenian philanthropists Victor Zarougian and Judy Saryan commissioned an original monument dedicated to Armenian novelist, public speaker and politician Zabel Yesayan.
The opening ceremony of the monument took place on October 9, 2022, in the park of the Zabel Yesayan Agribusiness Center. The opening speech was delivered by Judy Saryan, who presented important episodes of Yesayan's biography, emphasizing her great contribution to the protection of the rights of the Armenian people, especially Armenian women.
The Nairyan vocal ensemble performed at the opening ceremony, whose artistic director Naira Mugdusyan first presented Zabel Yesayan's letter to her daughter. Mughdusyan accompanied her speech with sign language.

## Description

The sculpture of Zabel Yesayan is placed on the bridge. She is holding a book in her right hand, which symbolizes her intellectual character and love for literature. The left hand is a fist, symbolizing Yesayan's fighting spirit and defiant character. The bridge-pedestal of the statue symbolizes Western and Eastern Armenia, on which the image of Yesayan stands as a connecting link.
The statue is made of bronze, and it is 1 meter 80 cm high. The height together with the bridge is 2 meters 50 cm.

## Authors

Sculptor: Nune Tumanyan

## Gallery

* The opening ceremony of Zapel Yesayan's statue
* Sculptor Nune Tumanyan and philanthropist Judy Saryan unveil the statue
* The opening ceremony of Zapel Yesayan's statue
* Information Plaque about the monument
# Prosa State Park

The Prosa State Park (Portuguese: Parque Estadual do Prosa), formerly the Parque dos Poderes, is an urban state park in the state of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil. It protects a remnant of cerrado vegetation, and is home to a wildlife rehabilitation center.

## Location

The Prosa State Park is within the urban perimeter of the municipality of Campo Grande, capital of the state of Mato Grosso do Sul. It has an area of 135.26 hectares (334.2 acres). It is surrounded by a buffer zone in which there are restrictions on land use.

## History

The area that would become the park was defined as the Parque dos Poderes Ecological Reserve in 1981. It was upgraded to become the Prosa State Park by decree 10.783/2002 of 21 May 2002. Its objectives are to preserve samples of the city's last remnants of cerrado ecosystems, flora and fauna, to protect the sources of the Córrego Prosa and the landscape and cultural heritage of the region, and to support scientific research, environmental education, recreation and tourism in contact with nature. The Management Plan was published in December 2011. In 2012 there were about 10,000 visitors.

## Environment

Annual precipitation is from 1,300 to 1,700 millimetres (51 to 67 in). Average annual temperatures are from 20 to 22 °C (68 to 72 °F), ranging from 25 °C (77 °F) in the summer months down to 17 °C (63 °F) in the winter from April to September.
The park provides an important refuge for wildlife, with many resident or migratory species of mammals, reptiles and birds. Mammals include the giant anteater (Myrmecophaga tridactyla), southern tamandua (Tamandua tetradactyla), nine-banded armadillo (Dasypus novemcinctus), big hairy armadillo (Chaetophractus villosus), black-tufted marmoset (Callithrix penicillata), robust capuchin monkey, howler monkey (Bugio), crab-eating fox (Cerdocyon thous), coati, ferret, red brocket (Mazama americana), pampas deer (Ozotoceros bezoarticus), capybara (Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris), Azara's agouti (Dasyprocta azarae), paca, Erinaceidae, tapeti (Sylvilagus brasiliensis), gray four-eyed opossum (Philander opossum), common opossum (Didelphis marsupialis), white-eared opossum (Didelphis albiventris), Pallas's long-tongued bat (Glossophaga soricina) and fruit bat.
There are many species of birds including the rufescent tiger heron (Tigrisoma lineatum), and a variety of reptiles such as the Brazilian lancehead (Bothrops moojeni) and gold tegu (Tupinambis teguixim).

## Visiting

The park is open for visits, which must be scheduled, between 8:00 and 17:00 on Tuesday to Saturday. Visitors may see the park by walking along trails with an accredited guide. The Wildlife Rehabilitation Center may only be visited on Tuesdays, Thursdays and Saturdays. Visitors should wear long pants, use insect repellant and bring water. Motor vehicles and bicycles are not allowed, and pets must not be brought into the park. Visitors must not take plants or animals, climb trees, swim, hunt, fish, leave litter or cause any damage to the environment. Research requires authorization from the Environment Institute of Mato Grosso do Sul (Imasul).
# Cistern of Pulcheria

The Cistern of Pulcheria (Greek: Κινστέρνα Πουλχερίας, Turkish: Pulcheria Sarnıcı) is a Byzantine period covered cistern built in Constantinople (modern Istanbul, Turkey).

## Location

This cistern lay in the eleventh region of Constantinople, at the eastern end of the valley separating the fourth and the fifth hill of the city. The water reservoir has been tentatively identified with the covered cistern located in the north area of Fatih (the historic peninsula) near the Sivasi Tekkesi Mosque, in front of the southern end of the çukurbostan ("garden pit" in Turkish) of Sultan Selim, now identified with the cistern of Aspar. The main reason for the identification is the position of the cistern within the quarter named Pulcherianae ( Greek: αὶ Πουλχεριαναὶ, so named after the palace that the empress had build in the area).

## History

According to the Chronicon Paschale, a 7th-century Christian chronicle written in Greek and the only ancient source to mention it, the cistern was built by Aelia Pulcheria, who at the time was a construction advisor to her brother, the emperor Theodosius II, and was subsequently the wife of emperor Marcian. The Chronicon reports that it was filled with water for the first time during the Ides of February 421 AD. But based on its stylistic elements, Ernest Mamboury avows that the cistern was built in the 6th century. Unused after the Ottoman conquest of the city, the dry cistern was used by weavers until the beginning of the twentieth century but was then abandoned.
The cistern has been restored and it is now a wedding and event location.

## Description

The reservoir is one of the best kept in Istanbul. It probably belonged to a palace which has not survived. Its area covers 29.10 by 18.70 metres (95.5 by 61.4 ft). Its roof is supported by four rows of seven marble or granite columns, which bear 40 domes 8.50 metres (27.9 ft) above the ground. The columns have capitals of Corinthian order, surmounted with transoms carved with leaves of acanthus or bearing the symbol of the cross. The building has 35 windows, but now most of them are walled. Its main facade features four windows of equal area with a door placed under the third window.
# E 611 road (United Arab Emirates)

E 611 (Arabic: إ ٦١١) is a road constructed in the United Arab Emirates (UAE). Also known as the "Emirates Road", E 611 is developed to link the emirate of Abu Dhabi with the northern emirates of Ras al Khaimah, Umm al Quwain, parallel to E311 without passing through the city of Dubai.

## History and description

The project is being developed in three phases. Work on Phase 1, which began in February 2006, was intended to create a sector that starts along E 66 (Dubai–Al Ain Road) and extends inward towards E 77 (Jebel Ali–Al-Habab Road). Phase II of the project, which began in January 2007, involved linking the bypass with E 88 (Al Dhaid Road) in Sharjah. Phase III will involve extending E 611 from the Jebel Ali–Al-Habab junction to the outskirts of Abu Dhabi City and is expected to cost approximately US$80 million.
E 611 was called "Dubai Bypass Road" or "Outer Bypass Road" (also called the "Dubai Ring Road"), before being renamed the "Emirates Road" in 2013.
In 2010, UPS Airline Flight 6, a cargo plane crashed near the highway by the Dubai Silicon Oasis, after it took off from Dubai International Airport. All people aboard were killed.
Sharjah's largest mosque, opened in May 2019, is located at the junction of this road and the road to Mleiha.

## Gallery

* Aerial view of E611
* E611 during a sandstorm
# Șofronea

Șofronea (Hungarian: Sofronya) is a commune in Arad County, Romania, lies in the Arad Plateau and it stretches over 3,490 ha (13.5 sq mi). It is composed of two villages, Sânpaul (Szentpál), and Șofronea. It is situated at 10 km (6.2 mi) from the county capital, Arad.

## Population

According to the last census the population of the commune counts 2,566 inhabitants. From an ethnical point of view it has the following structure: 64.0% are Romanians, 35.1% Hungarians, 0.5% Germans, 0.3% Ukrainians and 0.1% are of other or undeclared nationalities.

## History

The first documentary record of Șofronea dates back to 1437, while Sânpaul was first mentioned in 1235.

## Natives

* Magdolna Purgly (1881–1959), wife of Admiral Miklós Horthy
* Ovidiu Vezan (b. 1985), footballer

## Economy

The commune's present-day economy can be characterized by a powerful dynamic force with significant developments in all the sectors. Commerce and light industry are intensively present on the commune's economic map.

## Tourism

The most popular tourist sights are the springs of thermal water with therapeutic effect in the treatment of rheumatic diseases and the complex of the Purgly Castle with its park and households, an architectural complex dating from the end of the 19th century, registered in the national cultural patrimony.
* Purgly Castle (main entrance)