OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Fenitrothion

Fenitrothion (IUPAC name: O,O-dimethyl O-(3-methyl-4-nitrophenyl) phosphorothioate) is a phosphorothioate (organophosphate) insecticide that is inexpensive and widely used worldwide. Trade names include Sumithion, a 94.2% solution of fenitrothion.

## Health effects

Fenitrothion at sublethal doses affected the motor movement of marsupials, and at acute dose levels it reduced the energy of birds.
In chronic (low) dose tests, unexpectedly only the lowest concentration (0.011 microgram/liter) of fenitrothion depressed the growth of an algae, though all of the chronic dose levels used were toxic in other ways to the algae.
Just half of fenitrothion's minimally effective dose altered the thyroid structure of a freshwater murrel (the snakehead fish).
Cases of non-specific encephalopathy and fatty visceral changes (Reye's syndrome) in children living in the vicinity of fenitrothion-spraying operations invoked the research described latterly in Science, and originally in The Lancet:
   2-day-old mice were dosed topically for 11 days with fenitrothion, amongst other substances. After a further 2 days a sublethal dose of encephalomyocarditis virus was injected subcutaneously in known titre. Mortality-rates in the 10-day period after virus injection 4-9% in fenitrothion groups, and 0% in corn-oil controls. Fatty changes were noted in liver and kidney in the insecticide-virus groups. The encephalopathy showed no specific central-nervous system lesion, but death followed a sequence of paralysis and convulsions. The possible role of exposure to combinations of insecticides in human viral susceptibility requires further attention.
Further study showed that the illness was caused not by fenitrothion itself, but combinations which included the surfactants and the solvent (with or without the pesticide) clearly showed that pretreatment with these chemicals markedly increased the viral lethality in the test mice.

## Resistance

In an unusual demonstration of resistance to pesticides, 8% of insects in farm fields were found to carry a symbiotic gut microbe that can metabolize and detoxify fenitrothion; after in-vitro tests showed that the microbe significantly increased the survival of fenitrothion-treated insects.
# Oratory of Eternal Wisdom

The Oratory of Eternal Wisdom (Italian: Oratorio dell'Eterna Sapienza) was a confraternity in Milan between 1500 and 1530. It was founded by Giovanni Antonio Bellotti of Ravenna, commendatory abbot of the Augustinian friars of Saint Antoine de Grenoble. Amidst the ongoing Italian Wars, he had been sent to Milan by Joan of France in order to foster spiritual renewal and peace. The confraternity practised the Forty Hours' Devotion.
Prominent members include three future popes, Giovanni de' Medici (Leo X), Giovanni Angelo de' Medici (Pius IV) and Michele Ghislieri (Pius V); the Cardinal Guillaume Briçonnet and his sons, Bishops Guillaume Briçonnet and Denis Briçonnet; and the Bishops Giacomo Simonetta and Francesco Landini. An important spiritual influence on the confraternity was the visionary Arcangela Panigarola, the Augustinian prioress of Santa Marta. Her death in 1525 and that of Bellotti in 1528 sparked a crisis in the oratory. The few remaining members, including Giacomo Antonio Morigia and Bartolomeo Ferrari [fr], were soon joined by new blood from Cremona, including Antonio Maria Zaccaria, Battista da Crema [it] and Ludovica Torelli.
# Siege of Antalya

The siege of Antalya in March 1207 was the successful Seljuk capture of the city of Attalia (today Antalya, Turkey), a port in southern-western Asia Minor. The capture of port gave the Turks a path into the Mediterranean, although it would be another century before they made any serious attempts into the sea.
The port had come under the control of a Tuscan adventurer by the name of Aldobrandini, who had been in the service of the Byzantine Empire, but reputedly mistreated Egyptian merchants at that port. The inhabitants appealed to the regent of Cyprus, Gautier de Montbeliard, who occupied the town but was unable to prevent the Seljuk Turks from ravaging the adjacent countryside. Sultan Kaykhusraw I took the town by storm in March 1207, and put his lieutenant Mubariz al-Din Ertokush ibn 'Abd Allah in charge as its governor.
# Pyasachnik

The Pyasachnik (Bulgarian: Пясъчник) is a river in southern Bulgaria, a left tributary of the river Maritsa, with a length of 72 km.
The river takes its source at an altitude of 1,512 m at 300 m west of the summit of Shiligarka (1,577 m) in the mountain range of Sredna Gora. Its source lies a few kilometers southeast of Sredna Gora's highest summit, Golyam Bogdan (1,604 m). The Pyasachnik flows in southern–southeastern direction along its whole course, initially in a deep valley until the village of Starosel. Following the Pyasachnik Reservoir a few kilometers downstream of the village, the river flows through the Upper Thracian Plain, where the sandy riverbed is corrected with protective dikes. It flows into the Maritsa at an altitude of 155 m in the northeastern neighbourhoods of the city of Plovdiv.
Its drainage basin covers a territory of 663 km$^2$ or 1.25% of Maritsa's total and borders the drainage basins of the Luda Yana to the northwest, the Potoka to the southwest, and the Stryama to the north, northeast and east, all of them left tributaries of the Maritsa.
The Pyasachnik has predominantly rain-snow feed with high water in February–June and low water in July–October. The average annual flow near the village of Lyuben is 2.3 m$^3$/s.
The river flows entirely in Plovdiv Province. There are five settlements along its course: the village of Starosel in Hisarya Municipality and the villages of Tseretelevo and Nedeleno in Saedinenie Municipality, the village of Trud in Maritsa Municipality and the city of Plovdviv. A 10 km stretch of the third class III-606 road Koprivshtitsa–Strelcha–Trud follows its valley between Pyasachnik Reservoir and the village of Golyam Chardak. The river's waters are utilised for irrigation for the intensive agriculture in the Upper Thracian Plain.
About 2 km upstream of Starosel, along the Pyasachnik's left banks is located Chetinyova Mogila — an important Thracian tumulus, hosting an underground temple and a mausoleum.

## Citations

* 1 2 3 4 5 6 Geographic Dictionary of Bulgaria 1980, pp. 395–396
* ↑ "A Map of the Republican Road Network of Bulgaria". Official Site of the Road Infrastructure Agency. Retrieved 20 November 2023.
# Nesib Malkić

Nesib Malkić (July 5, 1961 – October 25, 1993) was a Bosnian military commander in the Army of the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina. He was also the commander of 210/281. Knight's Liberation Brigade, to which the name "Nesib Malkić" was added after his death.

## Early life

Nesib Malkić was born on July 15, 1961, in Dubrave Gornje, municipality of Živinice as the fifth of eight children of parents Hamdija and Ajka. In addition to Nesib, the Malkić family had 3 more sons and 4 daughters. He finished elementary school in his hometown and enrolled in high school in the former "Maršal Tito" military barracks in Sarajevo. After graduating with honors in high school, he enrolled in a higher military school - the Department of Air Force and Air Defense. In addition, he is completing specialist training in Zadar.

## War period

He left the former Yugoslav People's Army at the beginning of April 1992 with the rank of captain. He then placed himself at the disposal of the municipal headquarters of the Kladanj Territorial Defense. On May 9, 1992, he was assigned to the post of commander of the TO Živinice company and soon became the chief of the municipal staff of the TO Živinice. With the formation of the 210th Mountain Brigade, he became its first commander. With the formation of operational group 6 (OP-6), which was under the direct command of the Main Staff of the RBiH Army, he became the chief of staff of that OG.

## Death

After the crimes in Stupni Do committed by HVO units, the brigade commanded by Nesib Malkić was tasked with taking control of Vareš. He died during the preparation of this task, during the commander's reconnaissance on October 25, 1993, on the Crnoriječka visoravan.

## Legacy

By decree of the Presidency of RBiH, on December 6, 1993, in the same year he died, he was awarded the Order of the Golden Lily. In 1994, Nesib Malkić was posthumously awarded the Order of the Hero of the Liberation War for his heroic contribution to the defensive-liberation war, and his exceptional heroism and self-immolation. In 1996, he was posthumously promoted to the rank of brigadier in the RBiH Army. A street in Tuzla is named after him (Bosnian: Ulica Nesiba Malkića), and the city boulevard in Živinice (Bosnian: Bulevar Nesiba Malkića), too.
# Verin Tsaghkavan

40°56′31″N 45°19′52″E﻿ / ﻿40.94194°N 45.33111°E﻿ / 40.94194; 45.33111
Verin Tsaghkavan (Armenian: Վերին Ծաղկավան) is a village in the Berd Municipality of the Tavush Province of Armenia.

## Etymology

The village was previously known as Veligegh and Veli.

## Gallery

* Nature on the road to the Shkhmurad Monastery
* Entrance to the Shkhmurad Monastery
* Nature on the road to the Shkhmurad Monastery
* Shkhmurad Monastery
* Monument
* Shkhmurad Monastery interior
# Renče

Renče (pronounced; Italian: Ranziano) is a settlement in the lower Vipava Valley in the Municipality of Renče–Vogrsko in the Littoral region of Slovenia.
The hamlets of Arčoni, Lukežiči, Martinuči, Mohorini, Merljaki (Mrljaki until 1993), Renški Podkraj, and Žigoni were independent settlements until 2000, when they were incorporated into Renče.
The parish church in the settlement is dedicated to Saints Hermagoras and Fortunatus and belongs to the Diocese of Koper.
# Nahr-e Jarrah

Nahr-e Jarrah (Persian: نهرجراح, also Romanized as Nahr-e Jarrāḩ; also known as Nahr-e Jarrāḩ-e ‘Olyā) is a village in Buzi Rural District, in the Central District of Shadegan County, Khuzestan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 432, in 76 families.
# Here Come the Freeloaders

Here Come the Freeloaders (Spanish: Ahí vienen los gorrones) is a 1953 Mexican comedy film directed by Gilberto Martínez Solares and starring Lilia del Valle, Antonio Espino and Manuel Palacios.

## Cast

* Lilia del Valle as Rosita Rios
* Antonio Espino as Martín
* Manuel Palacios
* Estanislao Shilinsky as Miguel Hernández
* Fernando Soto as Cachetes
* Yolanda Montes as Bailarina
* Verónica Loyo as Lola
* Celia Viveros as Eufrosina
* Juan García as Don Octaviano
* Elisa Berumen as Doña Febronia
* Los Tatos
* Amparo Arozamena as Artemisa
* Diana Ochoa as Mujer busca nodriza
* Armando Arriola as Gonzalo
* Federico Curiel as Abogado
* Eulalio González as Comisario
* Ildefonso Sánchez Curiel
* Dumbo y Yáñez
* Petrolini
* Ismael Larumbe as Actor en escena
* Carlos Sánchez Hurtado
* Chel López
* José René Ruiz as Pequeño César
# Santi Cosma e Damiano, Isernia

Santi Cosma e Damiano is a Roman Catholic church in the town of Isernia in the region of Molise, Italy.

## History

A chapel at the hilltop at this site was founded circa 1130, and by the 14th century, a new church was erected dedicated to the Saints Cosmas and Damian (Italian: Santi Cosma e Damiano). The main altar was built in 1639 and houses a 16th-century canvas depicting the Madonna and Child with Saints and Cardinal Numaio. While bishop of the town, the Cardinal Numaio placed the church and its property under the property of the diocese.
The altar of the Virgin of the Addolorata (1744) is to the right of the nave. The altar of the Crucifixion on the left dates to 1645.
# Izvorska Planina

Izvorska Planina (Bulgarian: Изворска планина) is a mountain range in Kraishte region on the border of western Bulgaria and southeastern Serbia. Its highest summit is Plocha at 1,242 meters above sea level. It is part of the Milevska-Konyavska range.
From north to south, its length is 12 km; its width is up to 8 km. To the southwest and south, the valley of the river Dragovishtitsa, a right tributary of the Struma, separates it from the Dukat and Chudinska mountain ranges. To the east, the valley of the Uyneshtitsa river, a left tributary of the Dragovishtitsa, separates it from Zemenska Planina; to the northeast, through a 1,148 m high saddle, it connects to Kobilska Planina. To the north, via the Slavcheto saddle (960 m) on the border with Serbia, it connects to Milevska Planina.
The ridge of the mountain is flat and hilly with rounded summits, the highest being Plocha (1242.2 m), located at border pyramid No. 140, about 1 km west of the outer hamlets of the village Gorni Koriten.
The predominant soils are brown forest and cinnamon forest soils. Izvorska Planina is covered with deciduous forests.

## Citations

* 1 2 3 4 Geographic Dictionary of Bulgaria 1980, pp. 221–222
# Thurwieserspitze

The Thurwieserspitze (Italian: Punta Thurwieser; German: Thurwieserspitze) is a mountain in the Ortler Alps on the border between South Tyrol and the Province of Sondrio, Italy.
# Givaki

Givaki (Persian: گيوكي, also Romanized as Gīvakī and Gīvkī; also known as Gīvahkī) is a village in Solgi Rural District, Khezel District, Nahavand County, Hamadan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 552, in 134 families.
# Revolutionary Workers League (U.S.)

The Revolutionary Workers League (RWL) is a Trotskyist political party in the United States. RWL formed in the late 1970s, when its members split from the Spartacist League/U.S.. RWL still has about 20 active members.

## History
### Origins

The RWL was founded in 1976 by Peter Sollenberger and Leland Sanderson, two former Harvard graduate students from Detroit. Although Sollenberger and Sanderson were briefly contacts of the Spartacist League, neither of them was ever a member. They organized among clerical workers at the University of Michigan, Ann Arbor as well as among LGBT rights groups.$^{:922–3}$

### International affiliation

In 1979, the RWL joined Alan Thornett's Trotskyist International Liaison Committee (TILC).$^{:922}$
In October 1982, negotiations opened between RWL and the Internationalist Workers Party (Fourth International) (IWPFI) since October 1982. In 1983, the RWL participated in the IWPFI's Emergency National Trotskyist Conference. In 1984, RWL accepted the IWPFI's invitation to participate in the Morenoist IWPFI World Congress.
In summer 1984, RWL left TILC and created the International Trotskyist Committee for the Political Regeneration of the Fourth International (ITC).

### Subsequent history

In 1981 they absorbed the Socialist League (Democratic-Centralist), a group of ex-adherents of Tim Wohlforth that had been expelled from the Workers League of the United States in the mid-1970s. The SL(DC), shrinking since its formation, led by Steve Zeltzer, and had its main base in San Francisco. By 1982 the RWL was credited with about 40 members.$^{:922–3}$
The RWL supported anti-administration forces within the United Auto Workers. They backed the United Front Caucus in the November 1982 elections in Local 600 at River Rouge, Michigan, which secured 10% of the vote. It was unclear how many members the RWL had within Local 600.
In the 1980s, RWL worked within the Peace & Freedom Party in California. There they formed a bloc with members of the Internationalist Workers Party (Fourth International) (IWPFI) at the August 1984 convention against a majority dominated by the Communist Party USA.$^{:923}$
In 1995, RWL created the Coalition to Defend Affirmative Action, Integration & Immigrant Rights, and Fight for Equality By Any Means Necessary (BAMN), a civil rights organization whose headquarters is in Detroit. BAMN continues to organize high-profile direct actions at UC Berkeley and elsewhere in California.
In 2006, RWL's websites ceased function.

### 1991 split

In 1991, a group of RWL members, including founding member Peter Sollenberger, left to form the Trotskyist League.

## Publications

* Down with the Carter-Reagan war drive! Detroit, Mich.: Revolutionary Workers League; San Francisco, Calif.: Socialist League (Democratic-Centralist), 1981
* Socialism and black liberation: a statement by a black revolutionary from the Revolutionary Workers League. Detroit, Mich.: Revolutionary Workers League, 1981
* Theses on pornography: adopted by the fifth national conference of the Revolutionary Workers League/US, 27 May 1985. S.l. : The League, 1985
# The Ruthless Four

The Ruthless Four (Italian: Ognuno per sé, lit. 'Everyone for Himself') is a 1968 Italian / West German feature motion picture about the American Frontier / Western film directed by Giorgio Capitani and starring famous American actors Van Heflin, and Gilbert Roland, along with an international cast (but generally unknown in the U.S.).. It was first released in Europe, in Italy and West Germany.

## Cast

* Van Heflin as Sam Cooper
* Gilbert Roland as Mason
* Klaus Kinski as Brent the Blonde
* George Hilton as Manolo Sanchez
* Sarah Ross as Anna
* Federico Boido (as Rick Boyd)
* Sergio Doria
* Giovanni Ivan Scratuglia (as Ivan Scratuglia)
* Giorgio Gruden
* Hardy Reichelt
* Teodoro Corrà (as Doro Corra)

## Release

The Ruthless Four was released in West Germany on 6 August 1968 as Das Gold von Sam Cooper.
# Mets Parni

40°50′14″N 44°06′33″E﻿ / ﻿40.83722°N 44.10917°E﻿ / 40.83722; 44.10917
Mets Parni (Armenian: Մեծ Պառնի; also, Parni) is a town in the Lori Province of Armenia, 33 km north-west of the regional capital Vanadzor. The village is located on the right bank of the river Pambak, 1680 meters above sea level.
The village is located near two churches; St. Sarkis (19th century) and Mets Parni Church (13-14 centuries).

## Demographics

The population of Mets Parni has steadily grown since 1831, with a brief depopulation after the 1988 earthquake.
| Years | 1831 | 1897 | 1926 | 1939 | 1959 | 1970 | 1979 | 1989 | 2001 | 2004 |
| Population | 505 | 2420 | 2760 | 2686 | 2313 | 2511 | 2153 | 785 | 2171 | 2313 |

## Economy

The village may be one of Armenia's oldest settlements, and is located on the central Yerevan-Gyumri highway. The Yerevan-Tbilisi railway passes through the village. Before the 1988 earthquake the village hosted two parallel industrialized workshops, a branch of Arzni crystal factory and a garment factory. The climate of the area is very favorable to agriculture. The main employment sector in the village is crop cultivation and animal husbandry. Most of the village's lands are irrigated and fertile, and are mainly used to produce grain and potatoes. After the earthquake destroyed a number of homes, training and education of pre-school age children and students work continued. However, due to financial constraints a series of temporary shelters were closed, but work continues on a new 450-seat high school. There is a medical center with 15 beds and an outpatient clinic. The Health Center is equipped with specialists, a pediatrician, therapist, and a dentist.

## Name Origin

The name bears the suffix -ni, evident in many names in the area since Urartian times, for example, Garni, Ptghni, Bjni, Armani, Bagratuni, Aratsani, Gnuni, Saharuni, Rshtuni, and so on. It is possible Parni took its name from an archaic name for the Pambak valley area, which is surrounds the village. Mets Parni as a settlement existed in ancient times, which is evidenced by ancient river bed graves discovered during constructions near the village of Tsaghkaber. The village was likely destroyed and rebuilt several times. In particular, the village is located on the eastern side of a high hill that often protect the people from enemies.
# 4th millennium

The fourth millennium of Anno Domini or Common Era, under the Georgian calendar. It began on 1 January 3001 (MMMI) and end on 31 December 4000 (IV), spanning the 31st to 40th centuries
# Rawy

Rawy is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Sypniewo, within Maków County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately 22 kilometres (14 mi) north-east of Maków Mazowiecki and 93 km (58 mi) north of Warsaw.
# Olszanka, Wyszków County

Olszanka is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Wyszków, within Wyszków County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately 6 kilometres (4 mi) west of Wyszków and 50 km (31 mi) north-east of Warsaw.
# Transgression (2017 film)

Transgression (Bulgarian: Трансгресия) is a 2017 Bulgarian coming-of-age drama film written and directed by Val Todorov, and based on his 2016 novel Daddy Dear. It stars Maria Bakalova, Rosen Penchev and Joanna-Izabella Varbanova, and follows an 18-year old (Bakalova) who has a relationship with an older has-been rock musician (Penchev).

## Plot

18-year-old Yana gives an interview on a talk show. Baited and provoked by the irritating and arrogant host, she talks about her life and confesses that she is in an intimate relationship with Stoil, a rock musician who is twice her age. The studio audience, filled with indignation, starts commenting on Yana's revelation, and shows their lack of approval. This leads to a chase by a vigilante group of hunters and other complications.
The film is divided into three parts: Him and Her, The Others, and The Hunt. Its nonlinear narrative follows Yana's memories: wild parties, a motorcycle rally, July Morning, a threesome with her best girlfriend, beach-side bonfires, a crypto-gay machista's birthday, a cheap tattoo shop, a posh spa hotel, wine tasting, pot smoking and transgressive sex.

## Cast

* Maria Bakalova as Yana
* Rosen Penchev as Stoil
* Joanna-Izabella Varbanova as Nina
* Lazara Zlatareva as Kaka Lara

## Release

The film premiered in Europe in 2017, and had its worldwide release on HBO in 2021.

## Reception

The film received several accolades including the Arthouse Feature Film Award at the Depth of Field International Film Festival and Best Actress at the Toronto Alternative Film Festival for Bakalova's role. Bakalova also received a nomination for Best Actress at the Queen Palm Film Festival.
# Action for Change

The Action for Change (AC) (French: Action pour le changement) was a political party in Mauritania. The party was led by Messaoud Ould Boulkheir, and campaigned for greater rights for Mauritania's Haratin and black populations. The party was banned and dissolved in January 2002.

## History
### Electoral history

The first election contested by the AC was the 1996 parliamentary election, with the party coming third, with 5.3% of the vote and 1 seat in Parliament.
The party also participated in the 2001 parliamentary election, winning 5.5% of the popular vote and 4 out of 81 seats.

### Dissolution

The party was banned and officially dissolved in January 2002 following accusations by the Mauritanian Government that the party threatened Mauritanian national unity and was threatening Mauritania's relations with Senegal. Communications Minister Chyakh Ould Ely accused the party of being racist and violent. The party was allowed to keep its four parliamentary seats.
Messaoud Ould Boulkheir, the leader of the dissolved AC strongly denied the allegations made against the party and claimed that the party was instead being banned as part of a "crackdown" in dissent by the Government, and also because of the party's recent electoral gains.