OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Republic Day (Armenia)

Republic Day (Armenian: Հանրապետության օր, romanized: Hanrapetut’yan or) is a national holiday in Armenia marking the anniversary of the First Armenian Republic in 1918. It is commonly celebrated with fireworks, concerts, parades, and parties. It is considered to be the national day of Armenia.

## History

Shortly after the start of the First World War, the Ottoman Empire began forcible expulsion of Armenians from the empire. Women, children and elderly people were forced to leave Armenia and go to Syria and Russia. 1 to 1.5 million people were killed in what is now known as the Armenian genocide. Following the genocide, the Armenian National Council Declared its sovereignty on 28 May 1918. Armenia was proclaimed an independent republic on 28 May 1918. The republic immediately experienced massive hunger, and a massive influx of refugees. The republic was short lived, and as of 2 December 1920 the Red Army invaded Armenia and proclaimed it a Soviet Republic. Armenia regained its independence in 1991.

## Festivities
### The first celebrations

The first celebrations of Republic Day since the Sovietization of Armenia took place at the start of the Karabakh movement. On the First Republic's 70th anniversary in 1988, the Flag of Armenia was first raised in front of Matenadaran. During a demonstration numbering tens of thousands in Yerevan, 5000 protesters appeared carrying the tricolor flag and portraits of Andranik, Garegin Nzhdeh and Armenian fedayis. According to Verluise, this day "marked a radicalisation of [Armenian] national aspirations".

### General celebrations

The Republic Day celebrations coincide with the anniversary of the Battle of Sardarabad, which pushed the invading Ottoman Army out of Armenia. Every year, the President of Armenia, the Prime Minister of Armenia, and the President of Artsakh visits the Sardarapat Memorial to lay a wreath at the monument. Many cultural and military events also take place on Republic Day. While in 2020, republic day was marked without the traditional public events and festive ceremonies due to restrictions to slow the spread of COVID-19.

### 100th Anniversary

2018 marked the centennial of the founding of the First Armenian Republic. Armenia spent 618 million dram on events marking the anniversary. The ceremonies (known as the "Century of Victories") were attended by the President Armen Sarkissian, Prime Minister Nikol Pashinyan, President of Artsakh Bako Sahakyan, and Catholicos of All Armenians Karekin II.
A ceremonial military parade was held at the Sardarapat Memorial, which featured hundreds of soldiers dressed in military uniforms from the First Armenian, Red Army uniforms from World War II, as well as veterans of the first Nagorno-Karabakh War. Historical vehicles such as the T-90 were also on display. It also featured subdivisions of corps of the Armenian Army, the Border Service of the National Security Service, the Police of Armenia, forces of the Ministry of Emergency Situations and, for the first time, servicemen of the Russian 102nd Military Base.
In the evening, on Yerevan's Republic Square, a 3D show took place.
# Moskal (surname)

Moskal is a surname of Polish and Russian origin. The word literally means "Muscovite" and in modern days may is used as a pejorative for "Russian" in some cultures.
Notable people with the surname include:
* Edward Moskal (1924–2005), president of the Polish American Congress
* Hennadiy Moskal (born 1950), Ukrainian politician
* Jiří Moskal (born 1948), Czech racing driver
* Kazimierz Moskal (disambiguation)
* מוטי מוסקל [he] (1995–1953), Israeli military commander
* Robert Mikhail Moskal (1937–2022), American Ukrainian Greek Catholic bishop
* Tomasz Moskal (born 1975), Polish footballer
* Stanisław Moskal (1935–2019), Polish scientist and writer
# Massacre Mania

Massacre Mania (Italian: Hipnos follia di massacro) is an Italian 1967 science fiction film written and directed by Paolo Bianchini.

## Cast

* Robert Woods as Henry Spengler
* Rada Rassimov as Nicole Bouvier
* Ken Wood as Inspector Griffith
* Fernando Sancho as Professor Kenitz
* Lino Coletta as Maurice
* Piero Gerlini as The Policeman
* Nino Vingelli

## Production

Massacre Mania was the third and final film directed by Paolo Bianchini for producer Gabriele Crisanti, following The Devil's Man and Superargo and the Faceless Giants. The film was shot in eight weeks in and around Rome between February and March 1967.
Among the cast was Robert Woods. Woods described the script as improvized, stating that "these were nearly always collaborative efforts (where almost everyone involved had input)." Woods spoke positively about working on the film, specifically on how it was a departure from the Westerns and that he "loved the comic book implications" of Massacre Mania.

## Style

In his book about Italian films inspired by comic books and their conventions, Roberto Curti described the film as "often labelled as a spy flick, Massacre Mania is actually a lot closer to the superhero films of the era, of which it represents a darker version, and very Italian too." Curti felt the film was a "strange mixture of science fiction, thriller and comic-book style adventure"

## Release and reception

Massacre Mania was submitted to the Italian board of censors in October 1967, one month after Superargo and the Faceless Giants, but was eventually released earlier than that film. The Italian title for the film is Hipnos follia di massacro and is sometimes misspelled as Hypnos in reference books. Producer Gabriele Crisanti described the film's release as "a flop", acknowledging that he "made the mistake of giving it to a distributor-Vecchioni, the owner of United International Films-who went bankrupt before the film was released."
Director Paolo Bianchini did not have a high opinion of the film, stating that he had been "invited to conventions and film schools concerning [Massacre Mania]. But every time I watch it again, it's such a terrible thing. Perhaps people notice that there's a certain high craft about these pics, as they were literally made out of nothing."
# Suj Tilla

Suj Tilla or Suitilla is a Himalayan peak located on the eastern side of Uttarakhand state in Pithoragarh District of India. The peak is located above the junction of Kalabaland, Sankalp and Yankchar glaciers. Ralam Dhura pass is situated to the south of this peak, which connects Ralam valley to Darma valley.
This peak is characterised by steep ice-flutings and sharp ridges, so named as Peak of needles. This peak was first climbed in 2001 by an Indo-British joint expedition by two Britishers Graham Little and Jim Lowther. The Indian navy team was led by Lt. Cdr. Satyabrata Dam. The climbers who made the summit are Divyesh Muni, Lt. Amit Pande, Sherpa Nima Dorje, Lt. K S Balaji, Lt. Amit Rajora, Chera Rajkumar, A. Chaudhury, Sherpa Tsange, Puri and Nima Thondup. The most popular route to the summit is through the south west face.
About 200 m away from Suj Tilla is Suj Tilla East (6394 m). This peak is still unclimbed due to multiple cornices on the ridge.
# × Vuylstekeara

× Vuylstekeara, abbreviated as Vuyl. in horticultural trade, is an intergeneric hybrid between three orchid genera, Oncidium, Miltonia and Odontoglossum (Onc × Milt × Odm).
# Frederick II of Saluzzo

Frederick II (Italian: Federico del Vasto) (died 1396) was marquess of Saluzzo from 1357 to his death. He succeeded his father, Thomas II of Saluzzo.
His mother was Ricciarda Visconti, a daughter of Galeazzo I Visconti, Lord of Milan and Beatrice d'Este. Beatrice was a daughter of Obizzo II d'Este by either his first wife Giacoma Fieschi.
He inherited a marquisate impoverished by the recent civil war, and in bad relationships with the neighbouring Duchy of Savoy. Therefore, he felt himself compelled to seek help from France, swearing loyalty to Charles, Dauphin of France in April 1375. In the following forty years the margraves repeatedly asked the French help against Savoy: in 1376, for example, Thomas went to Paris, asking to King Charles V that the quarrel with Savoy could be debated at the Paris Parliament.
Frederick was eventually succeeded by his son Thomas.

## Marriage and children

Frederick married Beatrice of Geneva. She was a daughter of Hugh of Geneva, Lord of Gex, Anthon and Varey (son of Amadeus II of Geneva). They had nine children:
* Thomas III of Saluzzo.
* Amedeo of Saluzzo, Lord of Anton and Varey (1396–1419).
* Pietro of Saluzzo, Bishop of Mende (died 1412).
* Ugonino of Saluzzo, Lord of Sanfronte, Morny, Monreale and Bastide.
* Roberto of Saluzzo. A monk of the Dominican Order.
* Giacomo of Saluzzo. A monk of the Dominican Order.
* Polia of Saluzzo. Married first Francis II of Carretto, Lord of Millesimo and secondly Framonte of Cars.
* Violente of Saluzzo. Married Antonio of Porri, Count of Pollenzo, Pocapaglia, San Vittore and Braida, Marquess of Val Brebbia.
* Constanza of Saluzzo. Married John III of Blois, Count of Sancerre.
He also had three illegitimate children, later legitimised:
* Giovanna of Saluzzo. A nun.
* Franceschina of Saluzzo.
* Margherita of Saluzzo.
# Petya Lukanova

Petya Lukanova (Bulgarian: Петя Луканова; born 20 July 1969) is a Bulgarian sports shooter.

## Competition

She competed in the Women's 10 metre air rifle and Women's 50 metre rifle three positions events at the 2012 Summer Olympics, finishing in 40th in the 10 metre event and 30th in the 50 metre event.
# David Agung Susanto

David Agung Susanto (born 21 July 1991) is an Indonesian tennis player.
Susanto has a career-high singles ranking of 732 by the ATP, achieved on 3 April 2017, and a career-high ATP doubles ranking of 642, achieved on 17 July 2017. He has won five ITF Futures doubles titles.
Susanto has represented Indonesia in the Davis Cup, where he has a win–loss record of 11–22 (as of March 2024).

## ITF Futures finals
### Singles (0–1)

* Legend
* Challengers
* Futures (0–1)
| Result | Date | Tournament | Surface | Opponent | Score |
| Loss | 30 April 2016 | Chandigarh, India F1 | Hard | Vishnu Vardhan | 3–6, 6–3, 1–6 |

### Doubles (5–7)

* Legend
* Challengers
* Futures (5–7)
| Result | No. | Date | Tournament | Surface | Partner | Opponent | Score |
| Loss | 1. | 11 June 2011 | Jakarta, Indonesia F3 | Hard | Sunu Wahyu Trijati | Weerapat Doakmaiklee Christopher Rungkat | 5–7, 0–6 |
| Loss | 2. | 26 May 2012 | Bangkok, Thailand F3 | Hard | Christopher Rungkat | Lee Hsin-han Peng Hsien-yin | 6–7$^{(3–7)}$, 3–6 |
| Loss | 3. | 31 May 2013 | Bangkok, Thailand F2 | Hard | Elbert Sie | Ryan Agar Adam Feeney | 6–2, 2–6, [2–10] |
| Win | 1. | 21 November 2014 | Bangkok, Thailand F8 | Hard | Christopher Rungkat | Dane Chuntaruk Pruchya Isaro | 6–3, 6–3 |
| Win | 2. | 4 July 2014 | Phnom Penh, Cambodia F1 | Hard | Jeson Patrombon | Kenny Bun Kelsey Stevenson | 5–7, 6–3, [10–7] |
| Win | 3. | 25 July 2016 | Thu Dau Mot City, Vietnam F1 | Hard | Christopher Rungkat | Gengo Kikuchi Shunrou Takeshima | 6–3, 6–1 |
| Win | 4. | 23 August 2016 | Makassar, Indonesia F2 | Hard | Christopher Rungkat | Lin Wei-de Yu Cheng-yu | 6–1, 6–4 |
| Loss | 4. | 23 October 2016 | Thu Dau Mot City, Vietnam F7 | Hard | Francis Casey Alcantara | Chang Yu Wang Aoran | 7–5, 3–6, [5–10] |
| Loss | 5. | 30 October 2016 | Thu Dau Mot City, Vietnam F8 | Hard | Francis Casey Alcantara | Kim Young Seok Noh Sang-woo | 6–0, 4–6, [8–10] |
| Loss | 6. | 4 August 2018 | Jakarta, Indonesia F2 | Hard | Kim Cheong Eui | Sho Shimabukuro Kaito Uesugi | 4–6, 6–7$^{(4–7)}$ |
| Win | 5. | 9 June 2019 | M15 Singapore | Hard | Jonathan Gray | Kazuma Kawachi Kazuki Nishiwaki | 7–5, 4–6, [10–6] |
| Loss | 7. | 11 June 2023 | M25 Jakarta | Hard | Anthony Susanto | Nathan Anthony Barki Christopher Rungkat | 4–6, 4–6 |
# Brazil Year 2000

Brazil Year 2000 (Portuguese: Brasil Ano 2000) is a 1969 Brazilian drama film directed by Walter Lima Jr.

## Cast

* Anecy Rocha as Girl
* Ênio Gonçalves as Reporter
* Hélio Fernando as Son
* Iracema de Alencar as Mother
* Zbigniew Ziembinski as General (as Ziembinsky)
* Manfredo Colassanti as Man of the S.E.I.
* Arduíno Colassanti as Driver
* Rodolfo Arena as Priest
* Jackson De Souza as Politician
* Aizita Nascimento as Woman
* Raul Cortez as Man who protests

## Production

Filming took place in 1968. The staff stayed three months in Paraty before moving to Rio de Janeiro for additional shooting in places such as the National Museum of Brazil and the Brazilian National Archives.

## Reception

The film was entered into the 19th Berlin International Film Festival where it won a Silver Bear. It also won the Best Film Award at the 1970 Cartagena Film Festival and Best Director at the Manaus Film Festival.
# Visherogorsk

Visherogorsk (Russian: Вишерогорск) is a rural locality (a settlement) and the administrative center of Visherogorskoye Rural Settlement, Krasnovishersky District, Perm Krai, Russia. The population was 440 as of 2010. There are 4 streets.

## Geography

Visherogorsk is located 19 km northeast of Krasnovishersk (the district's administrative centre) by road. Storozhevaya is the nearest rural locality.
# Mayya (rural locality)

Mayya (Russian: Майя, Yakut: Майа, Maya) is a rural locality (a selo), the only inhabited locality, and the administrative center of the Selo of Maya of Megino-Kangalassky District in the Sakha Republic, Russia, located 34 kilometers (21 mi) from Nizhny Bestyakh, the administrative center of the district. Its population as of the 2010 Census was 7,288, of whom 3,385 were male and 3,903 female, up from 7,023 as recorded during the 2002 Census.

## History

The village, inhabited mainly by Yakuts, was founded in 1902. It was made the administrative centre of the Megino-Kangalassky District upon its formation in 1930, a position it held until 2007, when the administration was moved to the more central, though smaller, settlement of Nizhny Bestyakh, located around 30 km north-west.
# Keldysh Research Center

55°50′53″N 37°31′14″E﻿ / ﻿55.8481°N 37.5206°E﻿ / 55.8481; 37.5206
The State Scientific Centre Keldysh Research Center (Russian: Центр Келдыша) is a research institute in Moscow, Russia. It is based at 8 Onezhskaya Street (street article in Russian Wikipedia).

## History

Prior to World War II it was known as the Reactive Scientific Research Institute (or Jet Propulsion Research Institute or shortly Jet Institute) or Research Institute for Jet Propulsion (commonly known by the joint initialism RNII; Russian: Реактивный научно-исследовательский институт, romanized: Reaktivnyy nauchno-issledovatel’skiy institut), and was responsible for the development of the Katyusha rocket launcher.
Until 1991 it was known as the Scientific Research Institute of Thermal Processes (NII Thermal Processes, NIITP; НИИ тепловых процессов, НИИТП), conducting research and development in the areas of electrophysics, space instrumentation, propulsion, and power units. Like other organizations formerly subordinate to the Soviet Ministry of General Machine Building, NIITP marketed its products through Obshchemashexport.
It is now named after M. V. Keldysh, one of the key figures behind the Soviet space program. It is a Federal State Unitary Enterprise that is part of the Russian Space Agency. According to the World Nuclear Association, the center is developing a nuclear reactor for space that was suggested to be launched in 2020.
# Yusoflu, Khoda Afarin

Yusoflu (Persian: يوسفلو, also Romanized as Yūsoflū; also known as Yusupli) is a village in Minjavan-e Gharbi Rural District, Minjavan District, Khoda Afarin County, East Azerbaijan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 40, in 8 families. According to a more recent and, perhaps, reliable statistics the population is 26 people in 6 families.

## Notable people

The second generation of immigrants from Yusoflu have achieved significant success in national level. A brief list is the following:
* Yousef Ali Abbasabad, a prolific scholar and writer
* Arsalan Fathipor, chairman of the economic commission in the Iranian Parliament
* Houssein Rezapour, a poet with the pen name "Razi"
* Prof. Shahram Rezapour, a young internationally recognized mathematician
* Yaqoob Rezapour, ophthalmologist
* Forests around the village
# WSD

WSD may refer to:

## Education

* Wanganui School of Design
* Windham School District (Texas), US
* Wisconsin School for the Deaf, US
* Westminster School District, Orange County, California, US
* Woodbridge School District
* Winnipeg School Division

## Observances

* World Speech Day
* World Statistics Day
* World Storytelling Day
* World Stroke Day

## Other uses

* Water Supplies Department, of the government of Hong Kong
* Web Services for Devices, a Microsoft API
* Wideband Single-bit Data, a file format for Direct Stream Digital encoded audio recordings
* Word-sense disambiguation, in natural language processing
# Kårhamn

Kårhamn is a small fishing village in Hammerfest Municipality in Finnmark county, Norway. The village is located on an isolated peninsula on the northwestern tip of the large island of Seiland. The village has roads in it, but none of them are connected to the rest of Norway, so boat access to the village is required. Kårhamn was historically a part of the former Sørøysund Municipality, but after that municipality's dissolution in 1992 the village was merged into Hammerfest Municipality.
Kårhamn has a population of about 50 people, where most are employed in the "LeanFish AS" fish processing plant. The village also has a small school, kindergarten, and a grocery store with a post office in it. The grocery store has also recently begun to function as a small library, taking over this service from the school.
# Job Barnard

Job Barnard (June 8, 1844 – February 28, 1923) was an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the District of Columbia.

## Education and career

Born in Porter County, Indiana, Barnard served in the United States Army during the American Civil War from 1861 to 1865, where he was a First Sergeant in Company K, 73rd Indiana Infantry Regiment. He then received a Bachelor of Laws from the University of Michigan Law School in 1867. He was in private practice in Crown Point, Indiana from 1867 to 1873. He was an assistant clerk for the Supreme Court of the District of Columbia from 1873 to 1876, returning to private practice in Washington, D.C. from 1876 to 1899, and teaching as a professor at Georgetown Law.

## Federal judicial service

Barnard received a recess appointment from President William McKinley on October 1, 1899, to an Associate Justice seat on the Supreme Court of the District of Columbia (now the United States District Court for the District of Columbia) vacated by Associate Justice Walter Smith Cox. He was nominated to the same position by President McKinley on December 11, 1899. He was confirmed by the United States Senate on December 19, 1899, and received his commission the same day. His service terminated on June 8, 1914, due to his retirement.

## Death

Barnard died on February 28, 1923, in Washington, D.C. He is buried at Arlington National Cemetery.

## Honor

Barnard Elementary School in Washington, D.C. is named in Barnard's honor.
# Gospodin Tonev

Gospodin Tonchev Tonev (Bulgarian: Господин Тончев Тонев; 29 November 1955 – 5 September 2021) was a Bulgarian teacher, translator, and politician. He also lectured at seminars on the social market economy and the value foundations of politics. He is founder, owner and editor of the site "Values and Community".

## Biography

Tonev was born on 29 November 1955 in Dimitrovgrad. He graduated from the German language school in Burgas and earned a degree in German Studies at Sofia University "St. Kliment Ohridski", German literature. He is married with two children.
His political worldview came from the "open right" or conservative Christian Democracy. He presents ideas about the spiritual foundations and principles of the social market economy, and applying the principles of this ethical and economic model in Bulgaria.
He edited books about the origins and values of Christian Democracy:
"Tolerance is the soul of Europe" – a collection of speeches, articles and interviews of Federal Chancellor Angela Merkel, Compilation and Translation Mr. Tonev, published jointly by the Foundation "Konrad Adenauer", in 2009. The collection offers texts for the political rise of Angela Merkel and excerpts from its public statements in which she exposes their beliefs and values foundation of their activity as chancellor and president of the German Christian Democratic Union.
"What will save the economy" – The social market economy of Ludwig Erhard and its importance for the future. Mr. Tonev, compiler and translator of the book, together with the Foundation "Konrad Adenauer", in 2010. The book provides texts of personalities from different spheres of German public life essence and spiritual foundations of the social market economy for the beliefs and political activity of Ludwig Erhard.

## Political life

1997–2001, He was a member of the United Democratic front between 1997 and 2001, and from 2002 to 2008 part of the leadership of the Sazyuza democratic forces.
He entered the October 2014 Parliamentary Election as an Independent candidate, where he got 286 votes.
On 26 July 2016, the Bulgarian Democratic Union presented publicly the address "Honor and Justice" and announced the nomination of Mr. Tonev for President of the Republic. His running mate, Andrey Andreev, is a musicologist who heads the Philharmonic Orchestra of Plovdiv, Bulgaria's second-largest city, and several other institutions. He was also a lawmaker in a Great National Assembly in the 1990s and became one of the few MPs who refused to sign the new constitution. The Presidential pair was registered on 22 September 2016 for the 2016 Bulgarian Presidential Election.
# Kapak, Kurdistan

Kapak (Persian: كپك) is a village in Saral Rural District, Saral District, Divandarreh County, Kurdistan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 645, in 126 families. The village is populated by Kurds.
# ZNG

ZNG may refer to:
* Croatian National Guard (Croatian: Zbor narodne garde), a 1991 Croatian War of Independence armed force
* For New Generations (Bosnian: Za Nove Generacije), a political party in Bosnia and Herzegovina founded in 2022
* zng, the ISO 639-3 code for Mang language
* ZNG-FM, a radio station in Nassau, Bahamas
# Lucas Rodríguez (footballer, born 1999)

Lucas Rodríguez Álvarez (born 15 January 1999) is a Uruguayan footballer who plays as a defender for Defensor Sporting in the Uruguayan Primera División.

## Career
### Club career

After a successful loan spell at Rampla Juniors with 17 league appearances, Rodríguez returned to Defensor Sporting for the 2020 season.
# Haddam-e Yek

Haddam-e Yek (Persian: هدام يك, also Romanized as Ḩaddām-e Yek) is a village in Shahid Modarres Rural District, in the Central District of Shushtar County, Khuzestan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 65, in 12 families.
# Leandro Salvagno Rattaro

Leandro Salvagno Rattaro (born March 3, 1984) is a Uruguayan rower, who won silver for the quadruple sculls at the 2003 Pan American Games in Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic, and a bronze at the 2006 South American Games in Buenos Aires, Argentina. He made his official debut at the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens, where he finished second for the D-final, and 20th overall in the men's single sculls, with a fastest possible time of 7:01.33.
At the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing, Salvagno won the D-final of the men's single sculls, finishing ahead of Hong Kong's Law Hiu Fung by two seconds, with a time of 7:04.13. He only placed 19th out of 32 rowers in the overall rankings.
Salvagno, however, fell short in his bid to qualify for the 2012 Summer Olympics in London, after competing in the single sculls at the Latin America Continental Qualification Regatta in Buenos Aires. He finished abruptly in sixth place for the semi-final rounds, with a slowest possible time of 8:44.30.
# Alex Silva (footballer, born 1990)

Alexander Maximiliano Silva Garrel (born 14 November 1990) is an Uruguayan former footballer.

## Career
### Club career

In January 2020, Silva moved to Progreso.