OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Harcharan Chawla

Harcharan Dass Chawla (Urdu: ہرچَرَن داس چاولہ, November 4, 1926 – November 5, 2001) was an Urdu writer.
Born to a Punjabi Hindu family in Mianwali (now Pakistan), he moved to Delhi, India as a refugee as a result of the 1947 partition of India. The event served as the backdrop for his first novel Darinday, and would leave a lasting impression throughout his career, with migration and cultural identity dominant themes of his work.
After graduating from the Panjab University in Chandigarh in 1956 and working for Indian Railways, in 1971 Chawla moved to Frankfurt, Germany then Oslo, Norway in 1974 where he would eventually settle. His shift to Europe would bring new dimension to his writing, addressing issues of loss of culture and identity faced by South Asians migrating to different parts of the world.
In Oslo, Chawla helped creating a literary bridge between the Indian subcontinent and Norway by translating Norwegian stories into Urdu and Hindi and South Asian work into Norwegian. Completing the work of his wife Purnima Chawla who died in the midst of the process, he translated Knut Hamsun's novel Victoria. En kjærlighedshistorie into Hindi and Urdu and Indian Foreteller, a compilation of stories by Indian writers into Norwegian. He was also the Urdu, Hindi and Punjabi consultant for Deichmanske Bibliotek, Oslo.

## Works

* Darinday, 1968 (Urdu)
* Aks Aiyene Ke, 1974 (Urdu, short stories)
* The Broken Horizon, 1974 (English, short stories)
* Ret, Samundar aur Jhag, 1980 (Urdu, short stories)
* Chiragh Ke Zakhm, 1980 (Urdu)
* Akhri Kadam se Pehle, 1983 (Hindi, short stories)
* Aate Jaate Mausmon Ka Sach Afsaney, 1984 (Urdu)
* Pani di Aurat, 1985 (Punjabi)
* Norway Ke Behtreen Afsaney, 1989 (Urdu, short stories, translated)
* Anguish of a Horse and other stories, 1990 (English, short stories)
* Dil, Dimagh aur Duniya, 1992 (Urdu, short stories)
* India Foreteller, 1992 (Norwegian, translated)
* Sach Jaise Sapne, 1992 (Urdu, short stories)
* Tumko Dekha, 1992 (Urdu, short stories)
* Bhatke Hue Log, 1993 (Urdu, Hindi)
* Dhoop Ek Chadar, 1993 (Hindi, Urdu, novel)
* Darya aur Kinaare, 1995 (Urdu, short stories)
* Dhai Akkhar, 1996 (Urdu)
* Garebaan Jhut Bolta Hai: Afsaney aur Afsance, 1996 (Urdu)
* Victoria, 1996 (Urdu, Hindi, translated, with Purnima Chawla)
* Album Yadon Ki, 2001 (Urdu, Hindi)
* Yaadein, 2001 (Hindi)
* Bhatke Hue Log, 1984, 2003 (Hindi)
* Fan or Shakhsiyat, 2003 (Urdu)
* Adrift, 2003 (English)

## Short Story Contributions

* Back to Ganges, in Roses in Snow - Poems and Lyrics of Immigrants in Norway, Sweden and Denmark edited by Khalid Salimi, 1988
* Between the Lines, in Contemporary Urdu Short Stories: An Anthology, selected and translated by Jai Ratan, 1991

## Honours and awards

* Rajinder Singh Bedi Award
* Uttar Pradesh Urdu Academy Award - 1976, 1981, 1991
* Zalaten Klas Bulgaria International Short Story Competition
* All India Meer Academy Award - 1981
# Sergei Popkov

Sergei Nikolayevich Popkov (Russian: Серге́й Николаевич Попков; born 28 July 1963) is a Russian professional football coach and a former player.
# Oscar Broady

Oscar Broady (May 28, 1832 – March 13, 1922) was a petty officer in the Swedish navy who emigrated to the United States. During the Civil War he rose to the command of a brigade in the Union Army. After returning to Sweden as a Baptist missionary, he became the first president of the Swedish Baptist Bethel Seminary.

## Early life

Broady was born in Uppsala, the son of a niterworker, went to school in Stockholm, and began clerking in a store at the age of 13. At age 16 he enlisted in the Swedish navy, becoming a petty officer in 1852, and married the same year. Two years later he and his wife decided to emigrate to the United States, but his wife died at sea. In New York Broady became a convinced Baptist, and enrolled at Madison University in New York State, today's Colgate University, where he pursued his studies at the same time as preaching to a local Baptist congregation. Broady graduated with a B.A. in 1861, and entered into his second marriage shortly thereafter.

## Civil War

When the American Civil War began, the students at Madison University raised a volunteer company, and offered it to United States service. In September 1861 the company became Company C, 61st New York Volunteer Infantry Regiment, and Broady became its captain. A year later Broady was promoted to lieutenant colonel, and in the spring of 1863 he became, as lieutenant colonel, commanding officer of the regiment. In the summer of 1864 Broady became, still a lieutenant colonel, a brigade commander in the Army of the Potomac. A month later he was wounded in action at the Second Battle of Ream's Station, and had to leave his command. He was subsequently mustered out of United States, outside of Petersburg, Virginia. In 1865 Broady was brevetted colonel, United States Volunteers.

## Baptist pioneer

In 1866 Broady returned to Sweden, under his American name, as a missionary in the service of the American Baptist Foreign Mission Society of Boston. In Sweden he became the first president of the Swedish Baptist Bethel Seminary, a predecessor of the Stockholm School of Theology, a position he held until 1906. Broady held a number of positions of trust in the Swedish Baptist movement, and was an avid temperance advocate. In 1877 Madison University honored him with the degree of Doctor of Divinity, and in 1916 the degree of Legum Doctor was conferred of him by its successor, the Colgate University.
# Arzana

Arzana (Italian:; Sardinian: Àrtzana or Àrthana) is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Nuoro in the Italian region Sardinia, located about 90 kilometres (56 mi) northeast of Cagliari and about 10 kilometres (6 mi) west of Tortolì.
Arzana borders the following municipalities: Aritzo, Desulo, Elini, Gairo, Ilbono, Jerzu, Lanusei, Seui, Seulo, Tortolì, Villagrande Strisaili, Villaputzu. Arzana is located about 670 metres (2,200 ft) above sea level. In the town of Arzana stands Punta la Marmora, the highest peak in Sardinia.

## People

* Stanis Dessy, artist
* Anselmo Contu, political
* Attilio Cubeddu, former member of Anonima sarda
* Samuele Stochino bandit
# Kholodny, Magadan Oblast

Kholodny (Russian: Холо́дный) is an urban-type settlement in Magadan Oblast, Russia. Population: 1,062 (2010 Census); 1,344 (2002 Census); 1,826 (1989 Soviet census).

## Geography

Kholodny is located around 380 km north-north-west of the city of Magadan, by the Byoryolyokh river in the Upper Kolyma Highlands. It is in Susumansky District, 14 km from the administrative centre Susuman.

## History

The settlement was founded in 1941 as a gold mining base, gaining urban-type settlement status in 1962. The settlement's name Kholodny is the Russian word for cold.

## Infrastructure

Kholodny lies on the Kolyma Highway.
# Iduapriem Gold Mine

The Iduapriem Gold Mine (French: Mine d'or d'Iduapriem) is an open-pit gold mine situated 10 km south of Tarkwa, in the Western Region of Ghana. The mine is owned by AngloGold Ashanti and consists of the Iduapriem and the Teberebie operation, which were merged in 2000. AngloGold Ashanti originally only owned 85% of the mine but acquired the remaining 15% in September 2007.
In 2008, AngloGold Ashanti's Ghana operations, consisting of Iduapriem and the Obuasi Gold Mine, contributed 11% to the company's annual production. Both mines became part of AngloGold Ashanti when AngloGold merged with the Ashanti Goldfields Corporation in 2004.
In 2009, the mine employed 1,447 people. The mine has been fatality-free since 1999.

## Environmental impact

The mine and its owners have been criticised in the past for the loss of land for local farmers, the pollution and drying-up of local rivers and watersources and the lack of action to combat these issues.
Mining at Iduapriem was suspended for a time in early 2010 to allow for the construction of a temporary tailings storage facility at the mine. The operators were told by the Environmental Protection Agency of Ghana to suspend operations over "potentially adverse environmental impacts arising from the current tailings storage facility".

## Mine ownership

Majority-owned by the Ashanti Goldfields Corporation from 2000 onwards, ownership of this 85% share of the operation was transferred to AngloGold Ashanti with the merger of Ashanti and AngloGold in 2004. The new company owned an 80% share of Iduapriem, with the remaining 20% held by the International Finance Corporation, and a 90% share of Teberebie, with the Government of Ghana holding the remainder. Combined, this accumulated to an 85% share for AngloGold Ashanti in the whole operation. In September 2007, the company acquired the remaining 15% as well.

## Production

Production figures of the recent past were:
| Year | Production | Grade | Cost per ounce |
| 2002 | 185,199 ounces | 1.66 g/t | US$ 232 |
| 2003 | 243,533 ounces | 1.75 g/t | US$240 |
| 2004 | 147,000 ounces | 1.72 g/t | US$303 |
| 2005 | 205,000 ounces | 1.71 g/t | US$348 |
| 2006 | 196,000 ounces | 1.74 g/t | US$368 |
| 2007 | 185,000 ounces | 1.85 g/t | US$373 |
| 2008 | 200,000 ounces | 1.76 g/t | US$525 |
| 2009 | 190,000 ounces | 1.72 g/t | US$516 |
| 2010 | | | |
* The 2004 results are for the eight month from May to December only.
# Pompeiana

Pompeiana (Ligurian: Pumpiâna) is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Imperia in the Italian region Liguria, situated about 110 kilometres (68 mi) southwest of Genoa and about 13 kilometres (8 mi) southwest of Imperia. As of 31 December 2004, it had a population of 859 and an area of 5.4 square kilometres (2.1 sq mi).
Pompeiana borders the following municipalities: Castellaro, Cipressa, Pietrabruna, Riva Ligure, Santo Stefano al Mare, and Terzorio.
# William W. Burritt

Private William W. Burritt (c. 1831 to October 18, 1901) was an American soldier who fought in the American Civil War. Burritt received the country's highest award for bravery during combat, the Medal of Honor, for his action at Vicksburg in Mississippi on 27 April 1863. He was honored with the award on 8 July 1896.

## Biography

Burritt was born in Campbell, New York in 1831 and enlisted into the 113th Illinois Infantry at Chicago, Illinois. He died of mitral insufficiency on 18 October 1901 and his remains are interred at the Leavenworth National Cemetery in Kansas.

## Medal of Honor citation

   Voluntarily acted as a fireman on a steam tug which ran the blockade and passed the batteries under a heavy fire.
# Abdrashitovo, Duvansky District, Bashkortostan

Abdrashitovo (Russian: Абдрашитово; Bashkir: Әбдрәшит, Äbdräşit) is a rural locality (a village) in Mesyagutovsky Selsoviet of Duvansky District, Bashkortostan, Russia. The population was 402 as of 2010. There are 4 streets.

## Geography

Abdrashitovo is located 10 km northeast of Mesyagutovo (the district's administrative centre) by road. Karanayevo is the nearest rural locality.
# Jacob ben Machir ibn Tibbon

Jacob ben Machir ibn Tibbon (Hebrew: יעקב בן מכיר ׳ן תיבון), of the Ibn Tibbon family, also known as Prophatius, was a Jewish astronomer; born, probably at Marseilles, about 1236; died at Montpellier about 1304. He was a grandson of Samuel ben Judah ibn Tibbon. His Provençal name was Don Profiat Tibbon; the Latin writers called him Profatius Judæus. Jacob occupies a considerable place in the history of astronomy in the Middle Ages. His works, translated into Latin, were quoted by Copernicus, Reinhold, and Clavius. He was also highly reputed as a physician, and, according to Jean Astruc ("Mémoires pour Servir à l'Histoire de la Faculté de Médecine de Montpellier," p. 168), Ibn Tibbon was regent of the faculty of medicine of Montpellier.
In the controversy between the Maimonists and the anti-Maimonists, Jacob defended science against the attacks of Abba Mari and his party; the energetic attitude of the community of Montpellier on that occasion was due to his influence.

## Works

Jacob became known by a series of Hebrew translations of Arabic scientific and philosophical works, and above all by two original works on astronomy. His translations are:
* the Elements of Euclid, divided into fifteen chapters
* the treatise of Qusta ibn Luqa on the armillary sphere, in sixty-five chapters
* Sefer ha-Mattanot, the Data of Euclid
* Autolycus' On the Moving Sphere
* Theodosius' Spherics
* Menelaus' Spherics
* Ma'amar bi-Tekunah, or Sefer 'al Tekunah, in forty-four chapters
* a treatise on the use of the astrolabe
* compendium of the Almagest of Ptolemy
* Iggeret ha-Ma'aseh be-Luaḥ ha-Niḳra Sofiḥah
* preface to Abraham bar Ḥiyya's astronomical work
* an extract from the Almagest on the arc of a circle
* "Ḳiẓẓur mi-Kol Meleket Higgayon," Averroes' compendium of the Organon (Riva di Trento, 1559)
* Averroes' paraphrase of books xi–xix of Aristotle's history of animals
* Mozene ha-'Iyyunim, falsely attributed to Ghazali, including also a large part deriving from the Encyclopedia of the Brethren of Purity (Rasā’il Ikhwān al-Ṣafā’)
The two original works of Jacob are:
* a description of the astronomical instrument called the quadrant (Bibliothèque Nationale, Paris, MS. No. 1054), in sixteen chapters, the last of which shows how to construct this instrument. This was translated several times into Latin (once by Armengaud Blaise)
* astronomical tables, beginning with 1 March 1300 (Munich MS. No. 343, 26). These tables were translated into Latin and enjoyed great repute.
# Shumang Kumhei

Shumang Kumhei (Meitei: /sū.máŋ kūm-hə́i/), also known as Shumang Leela (Meitei for 'Courtyard Play'), is a Meitei traditional form of theatre, usually performed in Manipur, North East India. The theatre is arranged in the form of open air from four sides. The roles are all played by male actors, some dressed as beautiful ladies. The role of male characters are played by female artists in case of female theatre groups. This traditional theatre form was prevalent since the time of monarchical rule in Manipur. But the proper form of Shumang Leela had its inception in 1895 A.D.
The present day Shumang Leelas address the issues of moral values, unity and integrity. The fostering of bonds of brotherhood and friendship among various communities in the State is also promoted by the theatre.
In 2017, Shougrakpam Hemanta was conferred with the prestigious Sangeet Natak Akademi Award in recognition of his contribution in Shumang Leela. With this, he became the first person to receive the award for this art form.

## Observance

An annual event, Shumang Leela Day, commemorates the art form. The Iboyaima Shumang Leela Lifetime Achievement Award is presented on this day.

## Notable artists

* Chinglen Thiyam
* Shougrakpam Hemanta
* Iboyaima Khuman
* Bishesh Huirem
* Gokul Athokpam
* Gurumayum Bonny
* Narendra Ningombam
# Shishkina, Plesetsky District, Arkhangelsk Oblast

Shishkina (Russian: Шишкина) is a rural locality (a village) in Kenozerskoye Rural Settlement of Plesetsky District, Arkhangelsk Oblast, Russia. The population was 46 as of 2010.

## Geography

Shishkina is located 167 km southwest of Plesetsk (the district's administrative centre) by road. Gory is the nearest rural locality.
# Horace Capron Jr.

Horace Capron Jr. (October 27, 1839 – February 6, 1864) was an American soldier who fought in the American Civil War. Capron received the country's highest award for bravery during combat, the Medal of Honor, for his action at Chickahominy and Ashland in Virginia in June 1862.

## Biography

Capron was born in Laurel, Maryland, on October 27, 1839. The 1860 U.S. census identifies him as the son of head-of-household Horace Capron in Peoria, Illinois.
He joined the 8th Illinois Cavalry at Peoria as a corporal in September 1861, and was promoted to sergeant in 1862. He was later commissioned as a first lieutenant of the 14th Illinois Cavalry, his father's regiment. Capron's horse was killed during a skirmish in September 1863 near Kingsport, Tennessee.
Capron was mortally wounded on February 2, 1864, during a charge near Qualla Town, North Carolina. He died from his wounds on February 6, 1864, in Knoxville, Tennessee, where he had been transported. His remains are interred at the Springdale Cemetery and Mausoleum in Peoria. He was posthumously awarded the Medal of Honor on September 27, 1865.

## Medal of Honor citation

   Gallantry in action.
# Nick Palatas

Nicholas Edward Palatas (born January 22, 1988) is an American actor. Palatas has appeared in short films including The Erogenous Zone, Love, and Air We Breathe and has been in several ads. In 2009, he played Norville "Shaggy" Rogers in the film Scooby-Doo! The Mystery Begins and reprised the role in Scooby-Doo! Curse of the Lake Monster which aired in October 2010. A newcomer to the Scooby-Doo series, Palatas took over for Matthew Lillard. Palatas is of Slovakian, English and German descent.

## Personal life

Palatas married his wife Marissa Denig in 2012. Denig filled for divorce from Palatas in 2017; the divorce was finalized in 2019.

## Filmography

| Year | Film | Role | Notes |
| 2007 | The Erogenous Zone | Flip Fowler | Short Film |
| 2008 | Love | School Boy 1 | Short Film |
| 2009 | Scooby-Doo! The Mystery Begins | Norville "Shaggy" Rogers | TV movie |
| 2009 | The Scooby-Doo Mystery Inc. Personality Quiz | Norville "Shaggy" Rogers | Video Short |
| 2009 | Scooby-Doo: The Coolsville High Video Yearbook | Norville "Shaggy" Rogers | Video Short |
| 2010 | Scooby-Doo! Curse of the Lake Monster | Norville "Shaggy" Rogers | TV movie |
| 2010 | Scooby-Doo: The Whole World Loves You! | Norville "Shaggy" Rogers | Video Short |
| 2010 | True Jackson, VP | Skeet | TV series |
| 2010 | Destroy Build Destroy | Himself | TV series |
| 2011 | Air We Breathe | Dylan Avery | Short Film |
| 2011 | Searching For Phantosaurs | Himself | Video Short |
| 2011 | Scooby-Doo: Rock, Rap and Rollerskates | Himself | Video Short |
| 2011 | Jeepers! Jinkies! Zoinks! A Tribute to the Classic Gags of Scooby-Doo! | Himself | Video Short |
| 2013 | School of Thrones | Robb Stark | Web Series |
| 2024 | White Ladybug | The Agent | |

## Theater

2023 : Ken Ludwig's Sherwood
# Mustapha Kouchene

Mustapha Kouchene (born 14 February 1962) is an Algerian boxer. He competed in the men's bantamweight event at the 1984 Summer Olympics. At the 1984 Summer Olympics, he lost to Dale Walters of Canada.
# Erchempert

Erchempert (Latin: Erchempertus) was a Benedictine monk of the Abbey of Monte Cassino in Italy in the final quarter of the ninth century. He chronicled a history of the Lombard Principality of Benevento, in the Langobardia Minor, giving an especially vivid account of the violence in southern Langobardia. Beginning with Duke Arechis II (758-787) and the Carolingian conquest of Benevento, his history, titled the Historia Langobardorum Beneventanorum degentium (The History of the Lombards living in Benevento), stops abruptly in the winter of 888-889. Just one medieval manuscript of this text survives, from the early fourteenth century.

## Editions

* Erchempertus. Georg Waitz, ed. (1878). Historia Langobardorum Beneventanorum (in Latin). In Monumenta Germaniae Historica: Scriptores rerum Langobardicarum et Italicarum saec. VI–IX. Hannoverae: impensis bibliopolii Hahniani. pp. 231–264.
* Erchempert's "History of the Lombards of Benevento": A translation and study of its place in the chronicle tradition - Joan Ferry's PhD thesis from Rice University, which includes an English translation of Erchempert's work
* Erchemperto, Piccola Storia dei Longobardi di Benevento / Ystoriola Longobardorum Beneventum degentium, edition and translation into Italian by L. A. Berto (Naples: Liguori, 2013).
* Luigi Andrea Berto, ed. The Little History of the Lombards of Benevento by Erchempert: A Critical Edition and Translation of ‘Ystoriola Longobardorum Beneventum degentium’. Routledge, 2021.

## Sources

* L. A. Berto, “‘Copiare’ e ‘ricomporre’. Alcune ipotesi su come si scriveva nell’Italia meridionale altomedievale e sulla biblioteca di Montecassino nel nono secolo. Il caso della cronaca di Erchemperto” Medieval Sophia, 17, (2015), pp. 83-111. L. A. Berto, “Erchempert, a Reluctant Fustigator of His People: History and Ethnic Pride in Southern Italy at the End of the Ninth Century”, Mediterranean Studies, 20, 2 (2012), pp. 147-175.
* L. A. Berto, “Linguaggio, contenuto, autori e destinatari nella Langobardia meridionale. Il caso della cosiddetta dedica della “Historia Langobardorum Beneventanorum” di Erchemperto“, Viator. Medieval and Renaissance Studies, Multilingual, 43 (2012), pp. 1-14.
* L. A. Berto, “L’immagine delle élites longobarde nella “Historia Langobardorum Beneventanorum” di Erchemperto”, Archivio Storico Italiano, CLXX, 2 (2012), pp. 195-233.
* L. A. Berto, Making History in Ninth-Century Northern and Southern Italy (Pisa: Pisa University Press, 2018), pp. 69-111.
* This biographical article about an Italian historian is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
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# Talon (rural locality)

Talon (Russian: Талон; Altay: Толоон, Toloon) is a rural locality (a selo) in Mayskoye Rural Settlement of Turochaksky District, the Altai Republic, Russia. The population was 13 as of 2016. There is 1 street.

## Geography

Talon is located on the slope of the Biysk Range near the Kaurchak River, 147 km east of Turochak (the district's administrative centre) by road. Klyuchevoy is the nearest rural locality.
# Nizhny Kuyum

Nizhny Kuyum (Russian: Нижний Куюм; Altay: Алтыгы Куйум, Altıgı Kuyum) is a rural locality (a selo) in Uznezinskoye Rural Settlement of Chemalsky District, the Altai Republic, Russia. The population was 21 as of 2016. There is 1 street.

## Geography

Nizhny Kuyum is located in the valley of the Kuyum River, 26 km northeast of Chemal (the district's administrative centre) by road. Elekmonar is the nearest rural locality.