OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Roman Catholic Diocese of Antsirabe

The Roman Catholic Diocese of Antsirabe (Latin: Antsiraben(sis)) is a Latin suffragan diocese in the ecclesiastical province of Antananarivo (one of five in Madagascar; in the national capital), yet depends on the missionary Roman Congregation for the Evangelization of Peoples.
Its cathedral episcopal see is the (Marian) Cathédrale Notre-Dame-de-la-Salette, in the city of Antsirabe, Antananarivo Province.

## Statistics

As per 2014, it pastorally served 892,713 Catholics (45.4% of 1,967,703 total) on 16,000 km$^2$ in 29 parishes and 2 missions with 125 priests (64 diocesan, 61 religious), 519 lay religious (198 brothers, 321 sisters) and 74 seminarians.

## History

* Established on May 15, 1913 as Apostolic Prefecture of Betafo, on Malagassy territory split off from the then Apostolic Vicariate of Central Madagascar.
* Promoted on August 24, 1918 as Apostolic Vicariate of Betafo, hence entitled to a titular bishop.
* Renamed on January 10, 1921 as Apostolic Vicariate of Antsirabe after its new see.
* Promoted on September 14, 1955 as Diocese of Antsirabe.

## Bishops
### Ordinaries

(Roman Rite, mostly members of missionary Latin congregations)

#### Apostolic Prefect of Betafó

* Father François-Joseph Dantin, Missionaries of Our Lady of LaSalette (M.S.) (born France) (1913.06.24 – 1918.08.24 see below)

#### Apostolic Vicars of Betafo

* François-Joseph Dantin, M.S. (see above 1918.08.24 – 1921.01.10 see below), Titular Bishop of Satala in Armenia (1918.08.24 – death 1941.07.05)

#### Apostolic Vicars of Antsirabe

* François-Joseph Dantin, M.S. (see above 1921.01.10 – death 1941.07.05)
* Édouard Rostaing, M.S. (born France) (1942.02.24 – death 1946.05.18), Titular Bishop of Curium (1942.02.24 – 1946.05.18)
* Joseph-Paul Futy, M.S. (born France) (1947.02.13 – death 1955.03), Titular Bishop of Aspendus (1947.02.13 – 1956.08.12); previously Apostolic Prefect of Morondava (Madagascar) (1938 – 1947.02.13)

#### Suffragan Bishops of Antsirabe

* Claude Rolland, M.S. (born France) (1955.12.19 – death 1973.10.15)
* Jean-Maria Rakotondrasoa, M.S. (first native incumbent) (1974.02.28 – retired 1989.06.19), died 2002
* Philibert Randriambololona, Society of Jesus (S.J.) (1989.06.19 – 1992.12.17), succeeding as previous Coadjutor Bishop of Antsirabé (1988.09.01 – 1989.06.19); later Metropolitan Archbishop of Fianarantsoa (Madagascar) (1992.12.17 – retired 2002.10.01), died 2018
* Félix Ramananarivo, M.S. (1994.11.11 – retired 2009.11.13), died 2013
* Philippe Ranaivomanana (2009.11.13 – death 2022.09.06), previously Bishop of Ihosy (Madagascar) (1999.01.02 – 2009.11.14)

### Coadjutor Bishop

* Philibert Randriambololona, S.J. (1988-1989)

### Other priest of this diocese who became bishop

* Désiré Tsarahazana, appointed Bishop of Fenoarivo Atsinanana in 2000; future Cardinal
# Chundzha

Chundzha (Uyghur: Чонҗа, Chonja, Kazakh: Шонжы, Şonjy) is a selo and the administrative center of Uygur District of Almaty Region in south-eastern Kazakhstan. It is located on the A352 road.

## Population

Its population was 18,008 (2009 Census results); and 20,095 (1999 Census results).

## Thermal springs in Chundzha

The most famous thermal baths are located in the village of Chundzha, 250 km from Almaty, where the journey by car takes about 4–4.5 hours. Water in springs with a high content of radon and silicon. Water from thermal springs is used to treat various kinds of diseases, including diseases of the gastrointestinal tract and respiratory tract. According to studies carried out in 2010, the water in the springs of the Karadalinsky field in the Uygur district of the Almaty region is a medical and canteen weakly mineralized acrotherm (hypertherma) of a complex sulfate-hydrocarbonate-chloride sodium composition.

## Origin of the name

Focusing on the work of the Mongolian language researcher Napil Bazylkhan, Alimgazy Dauletkhan left the following notes in the name of Chundzha: The last toponymic name of the fortress at the junction of nine roads, built by the heirs to the throne of Dschinghis Khan and monitoring the well-being of military and trade routes military (station, fire - means Lenger- Chundzha), came down to us as "Chundzha". “In modern Mongolian language occurs in the form of Conji. In the Kazakh language it is found as a toponym represented by "Шонжы". The meaning of the word "Conji" in the Mongolian language: 1. A high rock that guards from afar. 2. (figurative) Fortress; Fortification protecting the border areas”. Therefore, the word Conji translated into the Kazakh language are now used as "Chundzha" or “Шонжы”. In East Turkestan, near the city of Urimсhi, there is a district called "Shonzhi" where local Kazakhs are densely populated.
According to a report made by russian colonel Nikolai Friederiks in 1869, toponym "Chundzja" comes from the name of chinese citizen Junji of taranchi tribe.
# Lake Auger Old Forest

The Lake Auger Old Forest (French: Forêt ancienne du Lac-Auger) is a protected area of old-growth forest in the Côte-Nord region of Quebec, Canada. It is classified as an exceptional forest ecosystem.

## Location

The Lake Auger Old Forest Old Forest is in the unorganized territory of Lac-Jérôme in Minganie Regional County Municipality of the Côte-Nord region. It lies to the west of Lake Auger. It is in the watershed of the Little Watshishou River. The forest covers a rugged area of 296 hectares (730 acres), and is 95 kilometres (59 mi) northwest of Havre-Saint-Pierre.
The forest is administered by Quebecʻs Ministry of Natural Resources, Wildlife and Parks, Forest Environment Directorate. It was designated old-growth forest in 2005, and has IUCN management category III. A map of the ecological regions of Quebec shows the Lac Auger Old Forest in the east spruce/moss subdomain.

## Flora

The Lac-Auger Old Forest mainly consists of stands of black spruce (Picea mariana) and balsam fir (Abies balsamea), or stands of black spruce alone, over 200 years old. The oldest trees are about 285 years old. The forest has not been seriously affected by fire, insect infestations or windstorms, and has never been modified by human activities. It has developed naturally, and has trees of varied ages from saplings to mature and senescent trees of great age, with much wood litter including the fallen trunks of large trees. The natural renewal process probably predates the oldest trees in the forest. Although old, the trees are relatively small due to the harsh climate, with few larger than 34 centimetres (13 in) in diameter or 20 metres (66 ft) in height.
The forest grows on medium or steep slopes covered with thin glacial till. There is also black spruce in sphagnum moss in damp areas, and white spruce (Picea glauca) on the richest sites, often at the foot of slopes along the many streams that criss-cross the area. There are some white birch (Betula papyrifera) in openings in the forest caused by windstorms. Fir and black spruce also dominate the undergrowth. The other undergrowth plants are not very diversified, and include hypnaceous mosses and common broad leaf plants such as Canadian bunchberry (Cornus canadensis), blue-bead lily (Clintonia borealis) and creeping snowberry (Gaultheria hispidula).
# Slava, Amur Oblast

Slava (Russian: Слава) is a rural locality (a selo) in Novorossiysky Selsoviet of Mazanovsky District, Amur Oblast, Russia. The population was 1 as of 2018. There is 1 street.

## Geography

Slava is located on the left bank of the Orlovka (Mamyn) river, near its confluence with the Selemdzha, 79 km (49 mi) northeast of Novokiyevsky Uval (the district's administrative centre) by road.
# Echten, Friesland

Echten (West Frisian: Ychten) is a small village in De Fryske Marren in the province of Friesland, the Netherlands. It had a population of around 235 in 2017.

## History

The village was first mentioned in 1245 as Acthne. The etymology is unclear, however forest of oak trees fits the earliest forms. Echten is a road village along the Heerenveen-Lemmer main road. In the 18th century, peat excavation started and finished in the middle of the 19th century. The Protestant Church dates from the middle of the 13th century, and received its current form in the late 17th century. In 1825, the village was flooded and most of the houses were either destroyed or severely damaged. In 1840, Echten was home to 894 people.
The 2,800 hectares (6,900 acres) Veenpolder was poldered between 1856 and 1871. It needed 7 wind mills to pump away the excess water. In 1913, a steam engine-powered pumping station was built. In 1925, it was converted to an electric engine, and the chimney was demolished. The pumping station was decommissioned in 1996. In 2006-2007, it was restored and the chimney was rebuilt. It is currently used an exhibition and gallery space.

## Gallery

* House along the canal
* Village centre
* Houses along the canal
* Pumping station Echten
# Val Viola Pass

The Val Viola Pass (Italian: Passo di Val Viola, Romansh: Pass da Val Viola) is a high mountain pass in the Alps on the border between Switzerland and Italy. It connects Poschiavo in the Swiss canton of Graubünden with Valdidentro in the Italian region of Lombardy. The pass lies at a height of 2,468 metres above sea level between Piz Val Nera and Corno di Dosdè.
The pass is traversed by a trail.
# Mor Aviram

Mor Aviram (Hebrew: מור אבירם) is an Israeli ten-pin bowler. She finished in 18th position of the combined rankings at the 2006 AMF World Cup. She represented Israel in the 2004 and 2008 AMF World Cups as well.
Her brother, Or Aviram, is also a professional bowler, as was their mother, Sara Aviram.
# A1 motorway (Luxembourg)

The Autoroute 1, abbreviated to A1 or otherwise known as the Trier motorway (Luxembourgish: Tréierer Autobunn, French: Autoroute de Trèves), is a motorway in Luxembourg. It is 36.203 kilometres (22.496 mi) long and connects Luxembourg City, in the south, to Wasserbillig, in the east. A few hundred metres to the north of Wasserbillig, it reaches the German border, whereupon it becomes the A64, which leads to Trier.

## Overview

Originally a connection from Luxembourg City to Luxembourg Airport, at Senningerberg, in 1969, the A1 was extended in three stages from 1988 to 1992 to connect to the German border. From 1994 to 1996, two more sections were opened, bypassing the south-east of Luxembourg City and connecting the A1 to the Croix de Gasperich, where it meets the A3 (to Dudelange) and A6 (towards Arlon, in Belgium).
In all, the A1 was opened in six separate sections:
* 1969: Kirchberg - Senningerberg
* 6 September 1988: Potaschberg - Wasserbillig
* 11 July 1990: Senningerberg - Munsbach
* 26 June 1992: Munsbach - Potaschberg
* 20 May 1994: Croix de Gasperich - Irrgarten
* 23 September 1996: Irrgarten - Kirchberg

## Route

Junctions and structures :
| | Croix de Gasperich | A 3 / A 6 |
| | Howald Tunnel | |
| | Victor Bodson Bridge | |
| (J7) | Hamm / Sandweiler | N 2 |
| | Cents Tunnel | |
| | Neudorf Viaduct | |
| / (J8) | Kirchberg / Grunewald Junction | N 51 / A 7 |
| (J9) | Senningerberg / Airport | |
| (J10) | Cargo Centre | |
| (J11) | Munsbach | |
| | Syre Viaduct | |
| (J12) | Flaxweiler | |
| (J13) | Potaschbierg | N 1 |
| (J14) | Mertert | |
| (J15) | Wasserbillig | |
| / | Wasserbillig services | |
| | Border with Germany | A 64 |
# St Aidan's High School

St Aidan's High School (simply referred to as St Aidan's) is an 11–18 mixed, Roman Catholic, secondary school in Wishaw, North Lanarkshire, Scotland. It is located in the Roman Catholic Diocese of Motherwell.
It was rated 'good' by Education Scotland following its inspection in December 2018, and was ranked 139th out of 339 secondary schools in Scotland for exam results in 2019.

## Notable alumni

* John Higgins - snooker player
* Joe Jordan - footballer, Leeds United F.C., Manchester United F.C., A.C. Milan, Scotland national football team
* Nicholas McDonald - singer
* Geraldine McKelvie, journalist
* Stephen O'Donnell - footballer, Motherwell F.C., Scotland national football team
* Jobby - Proper Unit
# Vladimir Yezhurov

Vladimir Raimovich Yezhurov (Russian: Владимир Раимович Ежуров; born 24 March 1960) is a Russian football manager and a former player. He also holds Tajikistani citizenship. He is an assistant manager with Astana.
# Prosperity and Solidarity Party

The Prosperity and Solidarity Party (French: Parti de la Solidarité et du Progrès, PSP) is a political party in Rwanda.

## History

The PSP contested the 2008 elections as part of the Rwandan Patriotic Front-led coalition, winning a single seat. It did not run in the 2013 elections.
# Dense order

In mathematics, a partial order or total order < on a set $X$ is said to be dense if, for all $x$ and $y$ in $X$ for which $x<y$, there is a $z$ in $X$ such that $x<z<y$. That is, for any two elements, one less than the other, there is another element between them. For total orders this can be simplified to "for any two distinct elements, there is another element between them", since all elements of a total order are comparable.

## Example

The rational numbers as a linearly ordered set are a densely ordered set in this sense, as are the algebraic numbers, the real numbers, the dyadic rationals and the decimal fractions. In fact, every Archimedean ordered ring extension of the integers $\mathbb {Z} [x]$ is a densely ordered set.
For the element $x\in \mathbb {Z} [x]$, due to the Archimedean property, if $x>0$, there exists a largest integer $n<x$ with $n<x<n+1$, and if $x<0$, $-x>0$, and there exists a largest integer $m=-n-1<-x$ with $-n-1<-x<-n$. As a result, $0<x-n<1$. For any two elements $y,z\in \mathbb {Z} [x]$ with $z<y$, $0<(x-n)(y-z)<y-z$ and $z<(x-n)(y-z)+z<y$. Therefore $\mathbb {Z} [x]$ is dense.
On the other hand, the linear ordering on the integers is not dense.

## Uniqueness for total dense orders without endpoints

Georg Cantor proved that every two non-empty dense totally ordered countable sets without lower or upper bounds are order-isomorphic. This makes the theory of dense linear orders without bounds an example of an ω-categorical theory where ω is the smallest limit ordinal. For example, there exists an order-isomorphism between the rational numbers and other densely ordered countable sets including the dyadic rationals and the algebraic numbers. The proofs of these results use the back-and-forth method.
Minkowski's question mark function can be used to determine the order isomorphisms between the quadratic algebraic numbers and the rational numbers, and between the rationals and the dyadic rationals.

## Generalizations

Any binary relation R is said to be dense if, for all R-related x and y, there is a z such that x and z and also z and y are R-related. Formally:
    $\forall x\ \forall y\ xRy\Rightarrow (\exists z\ xRz\land zRy).$ Alternatively, in terms of composition of R with itself, the dense condition may be expressed as R ⊆ (R ; R).
Sufficient conditions for a binary relation R on a set X to be dense are:
* R is reflexive;
* R is coreflexive;
* R is quasireflexive;
* R is left or right Euclidean; or
* R is symmetric and semi-connex and X has at least 3 elements.
None of them are necessary. For instance, there is a relation R that is not reflexive but dense. A non-empty and dense relation cannot be antitransitive.
A strict partial order < is a dense order if and only if < is a dense relation. A dense relation that is also transitive is said to be idempotent.
# Vasily Lazarev

Vasily Grigoryevich Lazarev (Russian: Васи́лий Григо́рьевич Ла́зарев; 23 February 1928 – 31 December 1990) was a Soviet cosmonaut who flew on the Soyuz 12 spaceflight as well as the abortive Soyuz 18a launch on 5 April 1975.
He was injured by the high acceleration of the abort and landing and was initially denied his spaceflight bonus pay, having to appeal directly to Leonid Brezhnev to receive it. Brezhnev was at the time the General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union.
Lazarev held a degree in medicine and the rank of colonel in the Soviet Air Force. He remained in the space programme until failing a physical in 1981. He never fully recovered from the injuries sustained on Soyuz 18a and died on the last day of 1990 at the age of 62.
He was awarded the title Hero of the Soviet Union, the title Pilot-Cosmonaut of the USSR and the Order of Lenin.
# Krugloye

Krugloye (Russian: Круглое) is a rural locality (a selo) in Vasilyevsky Selsoviet of Belogorsky District, Amur Oblast, Russia. The population was 69 as of 2018. There are 6 streets.

## Geography

Krugloye is located on the left bank of the Tom River, 30 km east of Belogorsk (the district's administrative centre) by road. Pavlovka is the nearest rural locality.
# Esmail Mahmudi, Kabgan

Esmail Mahmudi (Persian: اسماعيل محمودي, also Romanized as Esmā‘īl Maḩmūdī and Esmāeel Maḩmūdī) is a village in Kabgan Rural District, Kaki District, Dashti County, Bushehr Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 198, in 41 families.
# Roman Catholic Diocese of Diamantino

The Roman Catholic Diocese of Diamantino (Latin: Dioecesis Adamanteae) is a diocese located in the city of Diamantino in the ecclesiastical province of Cuiabá in Brazil.

## History

* 22 March 1929: Established as Territorial Prelature of Diamantino from the Metropolitan Archdiocese of Cuiabá
* 16 October 1979: Promoted as Diocese of Diamantino
* 6 February 1982: Lost territory to establish Diocese of Sinop
* 23 December 1997: Lost territory, along with Diocese of Ji-Paraná, to establish Diocese of Juína

## Bishops
### Ordinaries, in reverse chronological order

* Bishops of Diamantino (Latin Rite)
** Vital Chitolina, S.C.I. (2011.12.28 - present)
** Canísio Klaus (1998.08.26 – 2011.12.28), appointed Bishop of Santa Cruz do Sul, Rio Grande do Sul
** Agostinho Willy Kist, S.J. (1982.11.15 – 1998.08.26)
** Henrique Froehlich, S.J. (1979.10.16 – 1982.03.25), appointed Bishop of Sinop, Mato Grosso
* Prelates of Diamantino (Roman Rite)
** Henrique Froehlich, S.J. (1971.11.29 – 1979.10.16)
** Alonso Silveira de Mello, S.J. (1955.06.13 – 1971.11.29; Apostolic Administrator 1949.11.12 – 1955.06.13)

### Coadjutor bishop

* Canísio Klaus (1998)
# Stäketskogen Nature Reserve

Stäketskogen Nature Reserve (Swedish: Stäketskogens naturreservat) is a nature reserve in Upplands-Bro Municipality, Stockholm County in Sweden.
The nature reserve has been created to protect an area of old-growth mixed coniferous forest. The area is hilly, with glacial till, and has been subjected to a very low degree of forestry. It is a known habitat for several species of endangered insects and bracket fungi.
# Alastaro

Alastaro (Finnish pronunciation:) is a former municipality of Finland. It was merged into the town of Loimaa on 1 January 2009.
Alastaro is located in the province of Southern Finland and is part of the Southwest Finland region. The municipality had a population of 2,910 (31 December 2008) and covered an area of 258.12 km$^2$ (99.66 sq mi) of which 1.32 km² is water. The population density was 11.33 inhabitants per km².
The municipality was unilingually Finnish.
The Alastaro Circuit opened in 1990.

## Notable people

* Aimo Koivunen (1917–1989), Finnish soldier
# Sagarmatha Ko Gahirai

Sagarmatha Ko Gahirai (Nepali: सगरमाथाको गहिराइ, lit. 'The depth of Everest') is a poetry collection by Nawaraj Parajuli. It was published in 2017 by FinePrint Publication. It was shortlisted for the prestigious Madan Puraskar. The book was launched in the premises of Nepal Academy by the poet and his mother, Laxmi Devi Parajuli.

## Background

Nawaraj Parajuli is a young Nepali poet. He is also the winner of the All Nepal Slam Poetry 2014. This is the poet's debut book. The anthology consists of 36 poems. The poems are centered around different themes such as relationships, Nepali society, and patriotism.
Parajuli has recited the poems from this anthology in various poetry events and Kavita concerts across Nepal and other countries like Australia, Portugal, etc. The recorded videos from those events are also uploaded to YouTube, where they are very popular.

## Awards

The book won the Padmashree Sahitya Puraskar for the year 2073 BS. A cash reward of Rs. 200,000 was awarded alongside the honor. The book was also shortlisted for the Madan Puraskar award.
# Andranik Voskanyan

Andranik Voskanyan (Armenian: Անդրանիկ Ոսկանյան; born 11 April 1990) is an Armenian professional footballer who plays as a centre-back.

## Club career

Andranik Voskanyan loved football from early childhood. When he was in the first grade, a football coach visited looking for children interested in playing football. Voskanyan did not miss the opportunity and started to go to training. He began his career in the football school of Malatia Yerevan (now school property of Banants Yerevan) under the direction of Hakob Andreasyan.
He started playing for Mika-2 in the Armenian First League in 2008. Two years later, Voskanyan made his debut for the first team Mika Yerevan in the Armenian Premier League. He played three games that year. In 2011, he got a starter position in the defense and was a major player that season. In the 2011–12 UEFA Europa League, Mika had a match against Norwegian club Vålerenga Fotball. Voskanyan did not play on the field and remained at the touch-lines.
Voskanyan was released by FC Urartu on 5 December 2019.
On 5 January 2023, Voskanyan left Alashkert after his contract was terminated by mutual consent.

## International career

In 2011, the head coach of the Armenia national team saw Voskanyan's skills and recruited him in the Armenia U-21 youth team. On June 7 the same year, he made his debut for the youth national team in the qualifying matches for the 2013 UEFA European Under-21 Football Championship. His debut came in the opening match against the Montenegro U-21 youth team, which the Armenian youth team dealt a 4–1 defeat. He played five games as a youth, all in 2011.
On 28 February 2012, he made his debut in the Armenia senior national team in a friendly match against Serbia. Voskanyan played on the field in the 77th minute of the match, replacing Varazdat Haroyan. The match ended in 2–0 defeat for Armenia.

## Honours

Pyunik Yerevan
* Armenian Premier League runner-up: 2009
* Armenian Cup: 2011
* Armenian Supercup: 2012–13
# Aminohippuric acid

Aminohippuric acid or para-aminohippuric acid (PAH), a derivative of hippuric acid, is a diagnostic agent useful in medical tests involving the kidney used in the measurement of renal plasma flow. It is an amide derivative of the amino acid glycine and para-aminobenzoic acid that is not naturally found in humans; it needs to be IV infused before diagnostic use.

## Uses
### Diagnostics

PAH is useful for the measurement of renal plasma flow.
The renal extraction ratio of PAH in a normal individual is approximately 0.92. This means that unlike inulin and creatinine, which are filtered in the glomerulus and ignored by the rest of the kidney, aminohippuric acid is both filtered and secreted, being almost entirely removed from the bloodstream in a normal kidney.

### Pharmaceuticals

Aminohippuric acid is often used as the sodium salt sodium para-aminohippurate. During World War II, para-aminohippurate was given along with penicillin in order to prolong the time penicillin circulated in the blood. Because both penicillin and para-aminohippurate compete for the same transporter in the kidney, administering para-aminohippurate with penicillin decreased the clearance of penicillin from the body by the kidney, providing better antibacterial therapy. Transporters found in the kidney eliminate organic anions and cations from the blood by moving substances, in this case, drug metabolites, from blood into urine.

## Other

pK$_a$ = 3.83