OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# General Directorate of the Infrastructural Investment

General Directorate of the Infrastructural Investment (Turkish: Altyapı Yatırımları Genel Müdürlüğü) is a Turkish governmental establishment responsible in official transportation investments.

## History

The directorate was established during the Ottoman Empire era as a part of Ministry of Public Works (Nafıa Nezareti in Ottoman Turkish). It was responsible in rail road construction and operation. In 1920 the directorate was transferred from Istanbul to Ankara, the newly established capital of Turkey. In 1938, the department of Sea Services which previously had been a part of the Ministry of Economy was merged to the directorate. Next year, the operational services were handed to the relevant establishments in other ministries and the responsibility of the directorate was limited to construction. In 1956 another directorate responsible in airport construction as well as pipelines was established within the same ministry. In 1971, both directorates were merged with. Next year, the name of the directorate was officially declared as Railways, Harbors, Airports and Petroleum Directorate (Demiryolları, Limanlar, Hava Meydanları Genel Müdürlüğü, DLH for short) Although, the Directorate was divided into three between 1977-1983, it resumed its former status in 1983. However in 1986, the directorate was transferred from The Ministry of Public works to the Ministry of Transport. In 2011 its name was changed to General directorate of the infrastructural investment (AYGM for short)

## Organization

Currently the departments of the directorate are as follows:
* Research
* Planning
* Expropriation
* Railroads Survey
* Railroads Construction
* Harbors Survey
* Harbors Construction
* Airports Survey
* Airports Construction
* Electrification
* Mechanical
* Rail systems
* Common services
# Edwin M. Truell

Edwin M. Truell (August 19, 1841 – October 12, 1907) was a Union Army soldier during the American Civil War who received the Medal of Honor.

## Biography

Truell was born on August 19, 1841, in Lowell, Massachusetts. He joined the 12th Wisconsin Volunteer Infantry Regiment from Mauston, Wisconsin in August 1862, and mustered out with the regiment in May 1865. He died on October 12, 1907, and was buried at Arlington National Cemetery in Arlington County, Virginia.

## Medal of Honor citation

His award citation reads:
   For extraordinary heroism on 21 July 1864, while serving with Company E, 12th Wisconsin Infantry, in action at Atlanta, Georgia. Although severely wounded in a charge, Private Truell remained with the regiment until again severely wounded, losing his leg.
# Charles Kayonga

Lieutenant-General Charles Kayonga (born 1962) is a retired Rwandan soldier and diplomat, who was, until 2019, the Rwandan Ambassador to China. He was formerly Chief of Defence Staff. He attended Makerere University in Kampala, Uganda where he received a Bachelor of Arts Degree. He graduated from the U.S. Army Command and General Staff College at Fort Leavenworth, Kansas. During the Rwandan Civil War, Kayonga held various military appointments and his key career highlights include the fact that he served in various capacities and rose in rank from Platoon Commander to Battalion Commander. He is married to Caroline Rwivanga and has 3 children.
# Henry C. Warfel

Henry Clay Warfel (1844–1923) was an American Civil War Medal of Honor recipient. He received the Medal of Honor for his actions during the Appomattox Campaign as a member of the 1st Pennsylvania Cavalry. Warfel was born on September 14, 1844, in Mill Creek, Pennsylvania, and died on June 17, 1923, in Philipsburg, Pennsylvania. At the time of his death he worked as a Justice of the Peace. He is buried at the Philipsburg Cemetery in South Philipsburg, Pennsylvania.

## Military service

Henry C. Warfel enlisted first with the 125th Pennsylvania Volunteer Infantry in August 1862. His unit fought at Antietam and Chancellorsville. He re-enlisted, with the 195th Pennsylvania Volunteer Infantry, in 1863 and was then transferred to Company A of the 1st Pennsylvania Cavalry. He participated in the Grand Review of the Armies in Washington, D.C., in May 1865, and was discharged on May 27, 1865.

## Medal of Honor Citation

Warfel was awarded the Medal of Honor on May 3, 1865, for his actions on April 5, 1865. The citation reads:
"The President of the United States of America, in the name of Congress, takes pleasure in presenting the Medal of Honor to Private Henry Clay Warfel, United States Army, for extraordinary heroism on 5 April 1865, while serving with Company A, 1st Pennsylvania Cavalry, in action at Paines Crossroads, Virginia, for capture of Virginia State colors."
# Karakoksha

Karakoksha (Russian: Каракокша; Altay: Кара-Кӧкши, Kara-Kökşi) is a rural locality (a selo) and the administrative centre of Karakokshinskoye Rural Settlement of Choysky District, the Altai Republic, Russia. The population was 1351 as of 2016. There are 17 streets.

## Geography

Karakoksha is located southeast of Gorno-Altaysk, in the valley of the Sarakoksha River, 54 km south of Choya (the district's administrative centre) by road. Kuzya is the nearest rural locality.
# South Eastern Zone, Tigray

The South Eastern Zone (Tigrinya: ዞባ ደቡባዊ ምብራቕ) is a zone in the Tigray Region of Ethiopia. The South Eastern Zone is bordered on the south by the Southern Zone, on the southeast by the Amhara Region, on the northeast by the Central Zone, on the north by the Eastern Zone, on the east by the Afar Region, and it surrounds the enclaved Mekelle Special Zone. The South Eastern Zone was separated from the Southern Zone.

## Demographics

As the zone was created after the census of 2007, it is hard to find correct data about the population of the zone. The estimated size of population according to 2007 census conducted by the CSA is 392,142, of which 21,125 or 5.39% were urban dwellers.
# John L. Younker

John L. Younker (November 16, 1836 – May 18, 1911) was an American soldier who fought in the American Civil War. Younker received his country's highest award for bravery during combat, the Medal of Honor. Younker's medal was won for his heroism at the Battle of Cedar Mountain in Virginia on August 9, 1862. He was honored with the award on November 1, 1893.
Younker was born in Württemberg, Germany. He joined the Army from Lancaster, Ohio in March 1862, and was discharged in March 1865. He is buried in Logan, Ohio.

## Medal of Honor citation

   The President of the United States of America, in the name of Congress, takes pleasure in presenting the Medal of Honor to Private John L. Younker, United States Army, for extraordinary heroism on 9 August 1862, while serving with Company A, 12th U.S. Infantry, in action at Cedar Mountain, Virginia. Private Younker voluntarily carried an order, at great risk of life in the face of a fire of grape and canister; in doing this he was wounded.
# Boris Alterman

Boris Alterman (Hebrew: בוריס אלתרמן, Russian: Борис Альтерман; born May 4, 1970) is a Ukrainian-born Israeli chess Grandmaster, FIDE Senior Trainer (2010), advisor of the Junior chess program.
He started playing chess at the age of 7. His career highlights include earning the IM title in 1991, and the GM title in 1992. He is the winner of the following Open and GM tournaments: Haifa 1993, Bad Homburg 1996, Rishon LeZion 1996, Beijing 1995 and 1997, and Munich 1992.
He plays for Rishon LeZion chess club. He does video lectures on the Internet Chess Club Website, and has a series called "Gambit Guide" which covers openings like the Danish Gambit, Cochrane Gambit, Evans Gambit, Budapest Gambit, and the Fried Liver Attack.
On the April 2009 FIDE list, he has an Elo rating of 2572.
# Clayton Cowgill

Clayton Augustus Cowgill (c. 1829 – February 2, 1901) was an American surgeon who served as Florida Comptroller from January 15, 1873 to January 12, 1877. Florida's governor appointed him to the Board of Canvassers to resolve the disputed November 1876 election. He was a Republican who served in Republican governor Ossian B. Hart's cabinet.
Cowgill was a surgeon from Dover, Delaware, and The Morning News noted that he was "possessed of superior mental faculties, highly cultivated, he applied himself assiduously to the study of his profession and his remarkable skill in the treatment of diseases, his devotion to his patients and agreeable personality, was rewarded by a large and lucrative practice." He also spent one year, 1853, as a clerk for the Delaware House of Representatives, having "remarkable alertness and ability" in the role. He served as a surgeon for the Union Army in New Bern, North Carolina, during the American Civil War. He moved to Florida at the end of the war.
Appointed to the three member Board of Canvassers determining disputed election results from November 1876, he and fellow Republican Samuel B. McLin determined Republican victories for president and governor. The Florida Supreme Court heard a case on the election. Republican Rutherford B. Hayes took office as president while Democrat George Franklin Drew became governor in Florida.
The Florida Archives have a bond on which the governor and cabinet members signatures appear.
Cowgill died on February 2, 1901, in West Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, at the age of 72.
# Artybash

Artybash (Russian: Артыбаш; Altay: Артыбаш, Artıbaş) is a rural locality (a settlement) in Artybashskoye Rural Settlement of Turochaksky District, the Altai Republic, Russia. The population was 602 as of 2016. There are 46 streets.

## Geography

Artybash is located at the northern end of the Lake Teletskoye at the source of the Biya River, 70 km south of Turochak (the district's administrative centre) by road. Iogach is the nearest rural locality.
# Erigeron klamathensis

Erigeron klamathensis is a North American species of flowering plant in the family Asteraceae known by the common name Klamath fleabane or Klamath daisy. It had been collected by botanists for many years and generally regarded as part of E. foliosus. It was not recognized as a distinct species until 2004.
Erigeron klamathensis is native to the Klamath Ranges of southwestern Oregon and northwestern California. It is a perennial herb up to 20 cm (8 inches) tall, producing a woody taproot. The stem is covered with stiff, straight hairs, unlike some related species. Leaves are most on the stem rather than crowded close to the ground. Each stem can produce 1–5 flower heads, each with as many as 30 purple or lavender ray florets surrounding numerous yellow disc florets.
# Isaiah Fawkes Everhart

Isaiah Fawkes Everhart (January 22, 1840 – May 26, 1911) was an American physician and naturalist who founded the Everhart Museum in Scranton, Pennsylvania.

## Early life and education

Everhart was born in Berks County, Pennsylvania, January 22, 1840, the youngest son of James and Mary Templin Everhart. He spent his early youth at the homestead, gaining his rudimentary education at the schools and academies of the neighborhood. At the age of seventeen he matriculated at Franklin & Marshall College, where he spent four years in the pursuit of a scientific course of study, giving special attention to the natural sciences. After his graduation he studied medicine, and, at the outbreak of the Civil War, entered the Satterlee General Hospital, then with 4,000 patients under the charge of Isaac Israel Hayes of Arctic exploration fame. Everhart graduated from the medical department of the University of Pennsylvania as a member of the class of 1862–63.

## Military service

Immediately upon graduation, Everhart went to the front as assistant surgeon of the 8th Pennsylvania Cavalry Regiment. He was present at thirty battles during the war, and in all discharged the duties of a full surgeon. On February 4, 1865, he received his promotion to full surgeon with the rank of major, and on the consolidation of his regiment with the 16th Pennsylvania Cavalry, was mustered surgeon of the joint body thus organized, and appointed surgeon of the military district of Lynchburg, Virginia, which position he held until mustered out of service on August 11, 1865.

## Later life and career

On his return from an extended tour through Europe in 1867, he settled at Scranton, Pennsylvania, where he successfully practiced his profession. He served as a member of the medical staff of the Lackawanna state hospital, a member of the Scranton Board of Health, and surgeon of the 9th regiment of the state militia.
In 1871 he married Annie Victoria Ubil. They had one son, Edwin Ellsworth Everhart, born in 1873.

## Everhart Museum

Everhart compiled an extensive and unique collection of birds and animals found within the state, which he personally collected and prepared, being not only an enthusiastic naturalist, but an expert taxidermist. In 1898 he returned from an extended tour through Mexico, the Pacific coast and Alaska, adding largely to his stock of specimens. In 1907, Everhart announced he would give the city of Scranton a natural history museum, and on May 30, 1908, the Isaiah Fawkes Everhart Museum of Natural History, Science and Art opened to the public.
Everhart died in Scranton on May 26, 1911, at the age of 71.
# Borghetto d'Arroscia

Borghetto d'Arroscia (Ligurian: O Borghetto d'Areuscia, locally Burghettu) is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Imperia in the Italian region Liguria, located about 90 kilometres (56 mi) southwest of Genoa and about 20 kilometres (12 mi) north of Imperia.
Borghetto d'Arroscia borders the following municipalities: Aquila di Arroscia, Caprauna, Casanova Lerrone, Pieve di Teco, Ranzo, and Vessalico. It gets its name from the Arroscia, a large creek flowing down from Ligurian Alps.
# Henry J. Menninger

Henry J. Menninger (1838 – 8 September 1889) was a German-American physician, pharmacist, politician, newspaper editor, and merchant. During the American Civil War, he served in the Union Army as a surgeon. He was the North Carolina Secretary of State from 1868 to 1873 and was a city official and prominent pharmacist in Brooklyn, New York in the 1880s.

## Early life and education

Henry J. Menninger was born in 1838 near Metz to Dr. John Menninger, one of the German Forty-Eighters. John Menninger was a Radical member of the 1849 Frankfurt Parliament. The Menningers fled Germany along with Franz Sigel after the failure of that political body, emigrating to New York. Henry Menninger attended the public school system in New York and paid his way through medical school at New York University by first working in and then opening a drug store in New York. He graduated medical school in 1861 in time to serve in the American Civil War.

## American Civil War

Shortly after receiving his medical degree, Menninger enlisted in the Union Army as a private to fight in the American Civil War. Upon his unit's arrival in Washington D.C., he was promoted to the rank of first lieutenant. In that capacity he led a company during the First Battle of Bull Run. He was later injured at Roach's Mill. He then transferred to the medical corps and served with the 2nd North Carolina Infantry Regiment, and later as a post surgeon at New Bern, North Carolina after being injured. He served through early 1865, when his commission ended. He chose to stay in occupied New Bern and opened a drug store.

## Post-bellum career

During and after Reconstruction, Menninger was active in the Republican Party, co-founding the New Bern Republican newspaper in 1867. During 1865, he served as the chief surgeon for the Freedmen's Bureau of North Carolina in New Bern, and from 1865 to 1868 he was surgeon for the United States Marine Hospital at New Bern. He was elected to New Bern's town council in 1866 and served until its members were removed by federal officials in May 1867.
In 1868, he moved to Raleigh, North Carolina and was elected Secretary of State of North Carolina, serving until 1873. He focused much of his attention on immigration to North Carolina during his administration, as well as agriculture. He declined to seek reelection. After his term ended, he operated a drug store in Raleigh until leaving the state. In 1874, he moved to the Fourth Ward of Brooklyn, New York City, where he continued to operate a drug store. In 1881, he was elected a Republican alderman, and elected coroner in 1883 serving until 1886 when he was defeated by a Democratic opponent. He was an active member of Mallory Post of the Grand Army of the Republic, a vice-president of the New York College of Pharmacy, and a director of the Germania Savings Bank. He was an active member of the American Pharmaceutical Association for several decades, and served as its first vice president.
# Richard Sherwood Satterlee

Richard Sherwood Satterlee (1798–1880) was a medical officer in the United States Army.

## Biography

Satterlee was born on December 6, 1798, in Fairfield, New York. His father, Major. William Satterlee, had served in the American Revolutionary War. Sattlerlee obtained his medical license in 1818 and began practicing in rural Seneca County, New York. He moved to Detroit, then part of the Michigan Territory, in 1822. There he married Mary S. Hunt, sister of John Hunt, a Michigan Territorial Supreme Court Justice. Satterlee died on November 10, 1880, in New York City.

## Career

Satterlee joined the Army in February 1822 at the Detroit Barracks as assistant surgeon. He was subsequently stationed at Fort Niagara in Porter, New York, Fort Howard in Green Bay, Wisconsin, and Fort Mackinac on Mackinac Island, Michigan. In 1831 he transferred to Fort Winnebago in Portage, Wisconsin. While there he would take part in the Black Hawk War.
Following a second tour of duty at Fort Howard, Satterlee was sent to Florida to assist in a campaign against the Seminole. During his time there, he was given an official commendation by his commanding officer, future U.S. President Zachary Taylor.
After a tour of duty at Fort Adams in Newport, Rhode Island, Satterlee was sent to serve in the Mexican–American War. Serving under Winfield Scott, Satterlee took part in the Battle of Molino del Rey and the Battle of Chapultepec. Following his service in the war, he returned to Fort Adams in 1848. In 1853 he survived the sinking of the steamboat San Francisco off the coast from New York as it was carrying an artillery regiment to the West Coast.
He served throughout most of the American Civil War as head of the Union Army's Medical Purveyor's Office in New York City. While there, he oversaw the introduction of the Satterlee bone saw, used for amputations, which had a "pistol grip." This saw is still in use. During the war he was brevetted a Brigadier General and was a candidate for the command of the Medical Corps following the dismissal of Clement Finley. The command eventually went to William Alexander Hammond. Satterlee retired in 1869.
# George Suckley

George Suckley (1830–1869) was an American physician and naturalist notable as an explorer of the Washington and Oregon territories in the 1850s, and describer of several new fish species.

## Life

He was born in New York City, studied at the College of Physicians and Surgeons (today Columbia University), received an M.D. in 1851, and subsequently served as surgeon at New York Hospital.
In April 1853 Suckley was appointed assistant surgeon and naturalist to the Pacific Railroad Survey led by Isaac Stevens. Initially commissioned as a surgeon with the U.S. Army, Suckley resigned in 1856 to pursue natural history full-time resulting in the publication of several works on the natural history of the Pacific Northwest.
Upon the outbreak of the American Civil War, Suckley rejoined the Army and worked as a surgeon throughout the war. He died in New York City a few years after the war.
Two fish species, Squalus suckleyi Girard 1855, and Catostomus sucklii Girard 1856, and the bumblebee Bombus suckleyi are named after George Suckley.
In 1856, American botanist A.Gray published Suckleya, a genus of flowering plants from America belonging to the family Amaranthaceae, which were named in George Suckley's honor.

## Works

* (with James Graham Cooper) Natural History of Washington Territory (1859)
# Kyzyl-Ozyok

Kyzyl-Ozyok (Russian: Кызыл-Озёк; Altay: Кызыл-Ӧзӧк, Kızıl-Özök) is a rural locality (a selo) and the administrative centre of Kyzyl-Ozyokskoye Rural Settlement of Mayminsky District, the Altai Republic, Russia. The population was 4746 as of 2016. There are 4 streets.

## Geography

Kyzyl-Ozyok is located 18 km southeast of Mayma (the district's administrative centre) by road. Gorno-Altaysk is the nearest rural locality.

## Climate

Climate data for Kyzyl-Ozyok (1991–2020, extremes 1929–present) :
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 13.5 (56.3) | 15.2 (59.4) | 25.3 (77.5) | 33.6 (92.5) | 36.1 (97.0) | 37.5 (99.5) | 39.6 (103.3) | 39.6 (103.3) | 36.4 (97.5) | 29.8 (85.6) | 24.0 (75.2) | 16.5 (61.7) | 39.6 (103.3) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | −6.9 (19.6) | −3.7 (25.3) | 3.0 (37.4) | 13.3 (55.9) | 20.5 (68.9) | 24.6 (76.3) | 26.1 (79.0) | 24.5 (76.1) | 18.4 (65.1) | 11.5 (52.7) | 1.0 (33.8) | −5.1 (22.8) | 10.6 (51.1) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | −14.1 (6.6) | −11.9 (10.6) | −4.6 (23.7) | 5.2 (41.4) | 12.0 (53.6) | 17.1 (62.8) | 19.0 (66.2) | 16.9 (62.4) | 10.7 (51.3) | 4.1 (39.4) | −5.4 (22.3) | −11.5 (11.3) | 3.1 (37.6) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | −18.8 (−1.8) | −17.4 (0.7) | −10.3 (13.5) | −1.1 (30.0) | 4.8 (40.6) | 10.4 (50.7) | 13.1 (55.6) | 10.9 (51.6) | 5.0 (41.0) | −0.7 (30.7) | −9.6 (14.7) | −16.2 (2.8) | −2.5 (27.5) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −46.4 (−51.5) | −43.9 (−47.0) | −36.3 (−33.3) | −31.5 (−24.7) | −15.1 (4.8) | −2.0 (28.4) | 2.6 (36.7) | −1.0 (30.2) | −8.3 (17.1) | −24.7 (−12.5) | −42.8 (−45.0) | −48.6 (−55.5) | −48.6 (−55.5) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 22 (0.9) | 23 (0.9) | 32 (1.3) | 62 (2.4) | 86 (3.4) | 90 (3.5) | 114 (4.5) | 93 (3.7) | 72 (2.8) | 58 (2.3) | 48 (1.9) | 34 (1.3) | 734 (28.9) |
| Source: Pogoda.ru.net ||||||||||||||
# National Lampoon The Up Yourself Book

National Lampoon The Up Yourself Book was an American humor book that was published on January 1, 1977. Although it appears to be a book, this was a "special edition" of National Lampoon magazine, and as such it was sold in newsstands along with the regular monthly issue of the magazine. It is a parody of self-help books.
The book was conceived and edited by Gerald Sussman, although the cover claims the book was written by "PETER AND PEGGY POPE, PH Ds" and gives it the subtitle "SEARCHING FOR THE WAY TO BE A BETTER YOU UNTIL YOU DIE". The cover was drawn in a naive style and shows a couple driving a red Mercedes down a road towards a setting sun which is a visual pun referring to self-absorption.
# Her Beloved Villain

Her Beloved Villain is a lost 1920 American comedy film directed by Sam Wood and written by Alice Eyton. The film stars Wanda Hawley, Ramsey Wallace, Templar Powell, Tully Marshall, Lillian Leighton and Gertrude Claire. The film was released on December 10, 1920, by Realart Pictures Corporation.

## Cast

* Wanda Hawley as Suzanne Bergamot
* Ramsey Wallace as Paul Blythe
* Templar Powell as Louis Martinot
* Tully Marshall as Dr. Joseph Poulard
* Lillian Leighton as Madame Poulard
* Gertrude Claire as Susanne's Aunt
* Robert Bolder as Monsieur Bergomat
* Margaret McWade as Madame Bergomat
* Harrison Ford as Martinot
* Irma Coonly as Rose
* Jay Peters as Casimer