OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# General Federation of Transport and the Environment

The General Federation of Transport and the Environment (French: Fédération générale des transports et de l'environnement, FGTE) is a French trade union representing transportation workers, refuse workers, and those with jobs relating to the environment.
The union was founded in 1977, as the General Federation of Transport and Equipment, when the Federation of Railway Workers merged with the Federation of Seafarers, the Transport Federation, and the Equipment Federation. It affiliated to the French Democratic Confederation of Labour. By 1995, the union claimed 40,500 members, and by 2017, this had increased to 43,666.
# Criminal Court of the Maldives

The Criminal Court of the Maldives (Dhivehi: ދިވެހިރާއްޖޭގެ ކްރިމިނަލް ކޯޓު, previously known as the Jinaaee Court) is a Maldivian court of justice of first instance responsible for the practice of Criminal law.

## History in brief

The court was established along with the Ministry of Justice which established 8 courts, criminal hearings were heard from courts 6, 7, 8. The number was reduced from 8 to 4 and criminal hearings were heard from 1 and 2. The hearings were previously held at a shop in Haa Alif Atoll, before moving to the Justice building. When the name of the Ministry was changed to the Ministry of Justice and Islamic Affairs, the criminal court was designated as Court 3. Before getting separated by the 2008 Constitution and all power has been vested in the Supreme, High and lower courts.

## Notable rulings

* Former President Abdulla Yameen Abdul Gayoom was sentenced to 11 years in jail for money laundering and bribery charges but was overturned by the High Court.
* The court charged Ahmed “Ahandhu” Ismail in connection with murdering human right activists and news journalists.
# Artak Harutyunyan

Artak Harutyunyan (Armenian: Արտակ Հարությունյան, born 31 March 1983) is an Armenian Greco Roman wrestler. He competed three times at the world championships—finishing 31st in 2005, 11th in 2006, and 13th in 2009.
Harutyunyan was a member of the Armenian Greco-Roman wrestling team at the 2010 Wrestling World Cup. The Armenian team came in third place.
# T-Rex (tank)

T-Rex (Ukrainian: Тірекс) was a Ukrainian main battle tank announced in 2016.

## Development

The vehicle was announced in 2016 and was developed by the Arey Engineering Group [uk], an engineering group belonging to the Azov Battalion. It was named after Tyrannosaurus rex. Its main competitor was the Russian MBT T-14 Armata. Sergei Stepanov, the chief designer for Arey, claimed that the tank would have a "conceptually new system of fire control and a high level of personnel protection," along with "many features include high maneuverability, 360-degree vision, and a high-bandwidth counteraction analytics system."
The vehicle would be based on the T-64 and hulls of T-64 and T-72, inherited by the thousands from the Soviet Union, would be reused in the production of the tanks. The Azov Battalion estimated that up to 20 tanks could be upgraded every month.

## Design

The tank would be based on the T-64 and would feature an unmanned turret. The three crew members would be seated in an armored capsule at the front of the hull, where they could remotely-control the cannon, the automatic loader and the machine guns T-Rex would weigh 39 tons and be equipped with a 125mm main gun with "high-power projetiles". The armor would utilize both Nizh and Duplet (Ukrainian: Дуплет) explosive reactive armor. The combat capability was said by the Ukrainian press to be exceeding those of the Ukrainian Oplot and Bulat, while at the same time being more cost-effective than the Bulat.
# Jeungpyeong County

Jeungpyeong County (Korean: 증평군; RR: Jeungpyeong-gun) is a county in North Chungcheong Province, South Korea.

## Location

Jeungpyeong is in the centrally located in Chungcheongbuk-do. It is located East of Jincheon, West of Goesan, south of Eumseong, north of Cheongwon.

## Symbols

* county tree: Ginkgo tree
* county bird: Snowy Egret
* county flower: White Magnolia

## History

* 1990, 12, 31 : Chungcheongbuk-do Jeungpyeong local office is construct of Goesan-gun jeungpyeong eup, doan myeon.
* 2003, 8, 30 : Jeungpyeong local office is raised to Jeungpyeong-gun, and it became independence from Goesan-gun.

## Education

* Jeungpyeong is the site of several school and tertiary institutions, including:

### Elementary school

* Doan Elementary School
* Jeungpyeong Elementary School
* Jukri Elementary School
* Sambo Elementary School

### Middle school

* Hyeongseok Middle School
* Jeungpyeong Middle School
* Jeungpyeong Girl's Middle School

### High school

* Chungbuk Business High School
* Hyeongseok High School
* Jeungpyeong Technical High School

### Tertiary Institution

* Korea National University of Transportation

## Twin towns – sister cities

Jeungpyeong is twinned with:
* Guannan County, Jiangsu, China
# Stan Lloyd (English footballer)

William Stanley Lloyd (1 October 1924 – 6 July 2011) was an English professional footballer who played as a winger.
He died in Cleethorpes, North Lincolnshire, in 2011, aged 86.
# Collegiate Church of Santa Maria della Scala, Chieri

The Collegiate Church of Santa Maria della Scala in Chieri (Italian: Chiesa Collegiata di Santa Maria della Scala; Duomo di Chieri) is a late-Gothic Roman Catholic collegiate church, and the principal church or duomo, in the town of Chieri, Province of Turin, region of Piedmont, Italy.

## History

An ancient church on the site was erected by Bishop Landolfo of Turin in the 11th century, putatively on the site of a temple to Minerva.
The present church was rebuilt in the first decade of the 15th century, initially under the patronage of the Balbi and Bertoni families. The façade has buttresses and a tall stone portal sculpted with Romanesque motifs. The interior has three naves.

## Interior

The Chapel of the Blessed Virgin of the Graces (Beata Vergine della Grazie) was designed (1757) by Bernardo Vittone in order to house a venerated statue of the titular image of the Virgin (1637) by Botto. The other chapels include the Turinetti, decorated with stucco, as well as the chapels of the Crucifix and the Corpus Domini (Eucharist), which hold 17th-century canvases. In the southern nave is a canvas depicting the Resurrection of Christ by Francesco Fea and a fresco depicting the Adoration by the Magi in the Chapel of the Tabussi.
In the south transept is a Renaissance tabernacle attributed to Matteo Sanmicheli that houses an altarpiece depicting Saints Anthony Abbot and Sebastian, painted by Guglielmo Caccia. The north transept has an altarpiece depicting the Trinity by Giovanni Crosio. Behind the main altar are carved 15th-century wooden choir stalls. At the base of the bell tower, in the Gallieri Chapel, are a series of 13th-century frescoes depicting the life of John the Baptist, which were restored in the 20th century.
The sacristy contains Renaissance furniture and a 17th-century altarpiece of the Resurrection. The adjacent baptistry has the Tana Polyptych (1503) and 15th-century frescoes depicting the Passion of Christ by Guglielmo Fantini.
# Szágy

Szágy is a village (Hungarian: község) in Hegyhát District, northern Baranya county, in the Southern Transdanubia region of Hungary. Its population at the 2011 census was 140.

## Geography

The village is located at 46° 13′ 21″ N, 17° 56′ 49″ E. Its area is 9.40 km$^2$ (3.63 sq mi). It is part of the Southern Transdanubia statistical region, and administratively it falls under Baranya County and then Hegyhát District. It lies 9.5 km (5.9 mi) west of the town of Mindszentgodisa and 27.7 km (17.2 mi) northwest of Pécs.

## Demographics
### 2011 census

As of the census of 2011, there were 140 residents, 59 households, and 37 families living in the village. The population density was 39 inhabitants per square mile (15 inhabitants/km$^2$). There were 61 dwellings at an average density of 17 per square mile (6.6/km$^2$). The average household size was 2.46. The average number of children was 1.16. The average family size was 2.95.
Religious affiliation was 83.4% Roman Catholic, 2.8% Calvinist, and 5.5% unaffiliated, with 8.3% declining to answer.
The village had significant ethnic minority Roma (27.6%) and German (30.3%) populations. A small number of residents also identified as other, non-native to Hungary (2.8%). The vast majority declared themselves as Hungarian (96.6%), with 1.4% declining to answer.

## Local government

The village is governed by a mayor with a four-person council. The local government of the village operates a joint council office with the nearby localities of Bakóca, Baranyajenő, Kisbeszterce, Kishajmás, Mindszentgodisa, and Tormás. The seat of the joint council is in Mindszentgodisa.
As of the election of 2019, the village also has local minority self-governments for its Roma and German communities, each with three elected representatives.

## Transportation
### Railway

* Sásd Train Station, 18 km (11 mi) to the northeast of the village. The station is on the Pusztaszabolcs–Pécs and Dombóvár-Komló railway lines and is operated by MÁV.
# Charles Gordon

Charles Gordon may refer to:

## Politics and armed forces

* Charles Gordon, 1st Earl of Aboyne (1638–1678)
* Charles Gordon, 2nd Earl of Aboyne (1670–1702)
* Charles Gordon, 4th Earl of Aboyne (1726–1794)
* Charles Gordon (Royal Navy officer) (c. 1780–1860)
* Charles Gordon, 10th Marquess of Huntly (1792–1863), Scottish peer and politician
* Charles George Gordon (1833–1885), British army officer and colonial governor, killed at Khartoum
* Charles Gordon, 11th Marquess of Huntly (1847–1937), Scottish Liberal politician
* Charlie Gordon (born 1951), Scottish Labour Party politician
* Charles William Gordon (MP) (1817–1863), British Conservative politician
* Charles Gordon (parliamentary clerk) (1918–2009), English parliamentary clerk

## Sports

* Charles Gordon (cricketer, born 1849) (1849–1930), English cricketer
* Charles Gordon (cricketer, born 1814) (1814–1899), English cricketer and gin distiller
* Charles Gordon (Canadian football) (born 1968), Canadian football player
* Charles Gordon (American football) (born 1984), American cornerback

## Other

* Ralph Connor (1860–1937), pen name of Rev. Charles William Gordon, Canadian novelist
* Charles Blair Gordon (1867–1939), Canadian banker
* Charles Gordon (trade unionist) (died 1929), British trade union leader
* Charles Gordon (lawyer) (1905–1999), American immigration attorney
* Charles Gordon (artist) (1909–1978), American watercolor artist
* Charles Gordon (journalist) (born 1940), Canadian writer and journalist
* Charles Jason Gordon (born 1959), Barbadian archbishop
* Charles Gordon (producer) (1947–2020), American film producer of October Sky
* Charles B. W. Gordon Sr. (1861–1941) American Baptist minister, journalist, and newspaper publisher
* Charles Grant Gordon (1927–2013), Scottish whisky distiller

## Characters

* Charlie Gordon, the main character in Flowers for Algernon by Daniel Keyes, and in the film adaptation Charly
# Franciscan Province of the Most Holy Redeemer

Franciscan Province of the Most Holy Redeemer (Croatian: Franjevačka provincija Presvetog Otkupitelja, Latin: Provincia franciscana Sanctissimi Redemptoris) is a province of the Order of the Friars Minor (Franciscans) of the Catholic Church based in Split, Croatia which is active in Dalmatia, Croatia.
The province is one of the original Franciscan provinces founded in the Croatian lands in the Middle Ages. In 1735, when the area was divided between the Kingdom of Hungary, the Ottoman Empire and the Venetian Republic, that province was split, and the latter was named the Province of Pope Caius. In 1743, it was renamed to the current name.
The province has monasteries throughout Dalmatia as well as one in Zagreb and one in Munich.
They run the Franciscan Grammar School of Sinj (a high school) and a seminary, also in Sinj.
The province has maintained a publishing activity for over half a century, publishing Vjesnik since 1951, Služba Božja since 1961, Kačić since 1966.
# Madineh Qeshlaqi

Madineh Qeshlaqi (Persian: مدينه قشلاقي, also Romanized as Madīneh Qeshlāqī; also known as Askalū Moḩammad Ḩasanlū) is a village in Garamduz Rural District, Garamduz District, Khoda Afarin County, East Azerbaijan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 144, in 26 families.
# Mladen Ramljak

Mladen Ramljak (1 July 1945 – 13 September 1978) was a Croatian football defender.

## Club career

Ramljak left Dinamo Zagreb for Dutch side Feyenoord after playing over 600 games for the club. He moved to AZ '67 after three seasons in Rotterdam, but never played for AZ as his career got cut short due to injury.

## International career

He made his debut for Yugoslavia in a May 1966 friendly match against Hungary and earned a total of 13 caps, scoring no goals. He was a participant at Euro 1968 and his final international was a May 1972 European Championship qualification match away against the Soviet Union.

## Death and legacy

Mladen Ramljak died in a road accident near Novska. Dinamo Zagreb holds an international memorial tournament in his honour for youth squads.
# Darreh Tefi, Marivan

Darreh Tefi (Persian: دره تفي, also Romanized as Darreh Tefī, Darreh Tofī, Darreh Tafī, and Darreh-ye Tefī; also known as Darreh Taghi, Darreh Taqī, and Darreh Tufi) is a village in Zarivar Rural District, in the Central District of Marivan County, Kurdistan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 959, in 218 families. The village is populated by Kurds.
# Aagat

Aagat (Nepali: आगत) is a Nepali novel by Bhawani Bhikshu. It was published in 1975 (2032 BS) by Sajha Prakashan. It won the prestigious Madan Puraskar in the same year. Bhikshu spent 25 years to complete the novel.

## Synopsis

The novel depicts the lifestyle and culture of the Madhesh region of Nepal. The book presents transitional period of Nepali history. The period when land-reform and the uprooting of feudal aristocracy was happening is depicted in the novel. The novel is considered a first Aanchalik (regional) writing of Nepali literature.

## Awards

The book won the Madan Puraskar for 2032 BS (1975) presented by the Madan Puraskar Guthi. It also received the Sajha Puraskar in the same year which is awarded to the best book published within the Sajha Publications.
# Stan Mercer

Stan Mercer (11 September 1919 – 2003) was an English professional footballer who played in the Football League for Accrington Stanley, Leicester City and Mansfield Town where he also had a spell as manager.
# Duško Radinović

Duško Radinović (Serbian Cyrillic: Душко Радиновић; born 8 February 1963) is a Montenegrin retired footballer.

## Club career

He is best known for his spell with Red Star Belgrade in the early 1990s, being part of the side's European Cup victory although he did not feature in the final. He also won the Intercontinental Cup 1991, in which he played the whole game.

## International career

He was included by Yugoslavia national football team to UEFA Euro 1992, but the nation would be suspended due to the Yugoslav Wars.
# Krutoye, Volgograd Oblast

Krutoye (Russian: Крутое) is a rural locality (a selo) in Lemeshkinskoye Rural Settlement, Rudnyansky District, Volgograd Oblast, Russia. The population was 8 as of 2010. There is 1 street.

## Geography

Krutoye is located in steppe, on the Khopyorsko-Buzulukskaya Plain, 19 km west of Rudnya (the district's administrative centre) by road. Ilmen is the nearest rural locality.
# Pinioning

Pinioning is the act of surgically removing one pinion joint, the joint of a bird's wing farthest from the body, to prevent flight. Pinioning is often done to waterfowl and poultry. It is not typically done to companion bird species such as parrots. This practice is unnecessary and restricted in many countries.

## Procedure

Removing the pinion joint of a bird stops the growth of the primary feathers, preventing the acceleration required for flight and is analogous to amputating a human hand at the wrist. Pinioning may be done by a veterinarian or by a trained breeder, depending on the country in which the keeper is operating. For example, it is illegal for anyone other than a veterinarian to carry out the procedure in the United Kingdom. It is similar to other forms of modification and surgical procedures of domestically raised animals, such as docking the tail of a dog and declawing on a cat.
Apart from the prevention of flight, there is commonly thought to be little long term negative effect from pinioning if performed correctly and at a young age. However, the animal welfare impact of pinioning is subject to increasing debate. For example, it is now known that the operation, which is often performed without pain relief, is just as painful in young birds as in mature birds, if not more so. Evidence also suggests that pinioning may cause a phantom limb syndrome similar to what is observed in human amputees. For these reasons this practice has been prohibited in certain regions and is subject to increasing scrutiny.

## Alternatives to pinioning

A non-surgical alternative is clipping the flight feathers. This only lasts until feathers are replaced during the moult; however, the flight feathers are only replaced once or twice a year, depending on the species. The process of capturing and clipping can cause considerable distress to birds.
Permanent enclosures designed to prevent accidental egress (escape) of birds remove the need for pinioning.
Keeping birds who through natural adaptation or selective breeding have lost the ability to fly removes the need for pinioning; for example, keeping Indian runner ducks as opposed to wild-type mallard ducks.

## Legal status

Pinioning is legally restricted in many countries. In England, if the bird is more than 10 days old its pinioning may only be performed using anaesthetic and, regardless of the bird's age, the procedure is illegal unless performed by a veterinarian. It is also illegal to perform on farmed birds. In Austria pinioning is prohibited based on §5 (Prohibition of cruelty to animals) and §7 (Prohibited interventions performed on animals) of the Animal Protection Act.
# Alina Zmushka

Alina Zmushka (Belarusian: Аліна Змушка; born 5 January 1997) is a Belarusian swimmer. She competed in the women's 100 metre breaststroke at the 2019 World Aquatics Championships. In 2021, she represented Belarus at the 2020 Summer Olympics held in Tokyo, Japan. Alina is participating in 2024 Olympics in Paris as an individual independent athlete.
# Duzakh Darreh, Divandarreh

Duzakh Darreh (Persian: دوزخدره, also Romanized as Dūzakh Darreh) is a village in Saral Rural District, Saral District, Divandarreh County, Kurdistan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 295, in 47 families. The village is populated by Kurds.
# Thomas Thorpe (speaker)

Sir Thomas Thorpe (died 1461) was Speaker of the House of Commons in England from 8 March 1453 until 16 February 1454.
He worked as a clerk in the royal Exchequer, reaching a position of Third Baron of the Exchequer in 1452. His parliamentary career began in October 1449 when he was elected junior knight of the shire (MP) of Northamptonshire with Thomas Tresham. He was later knight of the shire for Essex and was elected Speaker for the first part of the 19th Parliament of King Henry VI in 1453. In 1454 he was imprisoned in the Fleet Prison for falsely confiscating property of the Duke of York and was replaced as Speaker by Sir Thomas Charlton, the House of Commons having failed to secure his release.
In 1455 he became Chancellor of the Exchequer but his enemy the Duke of York accused him of intercepting messages to the King which might have prevented the Battle of St Albans and Thorpe was stripped of all his public offices. On his return to favour in 1457 he was made keeper of the privy wardrobe in the Tower of London for life and in 1458 was appointed Second Baron of the Exchequer, serving until 1460. At the parliament of 1459 he gained his revenge on the Duke of York by helping to draw up the bill of attainder declaring York and his leading followers to be traitors.
In 1460 he was captured after the Battle of Northampton and brought back to London as a prisoner and once more stripped of his offices. He escaped from prison, but was recaptured and sent to the Tower. He escaped a second time but on 17 February 1461 was caught in Harringay by a London mob and summarily beheaded.
He had married Joan and was succeeded by his son and heir Roger. Some sources may give the dates of his Speakership as being between 1452 and 1453 as, at the time, the new year did not begin in England until a date in March. The dates given above are on the basis of the year starting on 1 January.
# Ovechkino

Ovechkino (Russian: Овечкино) is a rural locality (a selo) and the administrative center of Ovechkinsky Selsoviet, Zavyalovsky District, Altai Krai, Russia. The population was 618 as of 2013. There are 11 streets.

## Geography

Ovechkino is located 29 km northeast of Zavyalovo (the district's administrative centre) by road. Ovechkino (station) is the nearest rural locality.
# Qıraq Müşlan

Qıraq Müşlan is a village in the Zangilan District of Azerbaijan.

## History

The village was located in the Armenian-occupied territories surrounding Nagorno-Karabakh, coming under the control of ethnic Armenian forces in 1993 during the First Nagorno-Karabakh War, subsequently becoming part of the breakaway Republic of Artsakh as part of its Kashatagh Province, being referred to as Alashkert (Armenian: Ալաշկերտ). It was recaptured by Azerbaijan on 21 October 2020 during the 2020 Nagorno-Karabakh war.
# Baranyaszentgyörgy

Baranyaszentgyörgy is a village (Hungarian: község) in Hegyhát District, northern Baranya county, in the Southern Transdanubia region of Hungary. Its population at the 2011 census was 141.

## Geography

The village is located at 46° 14′ 40″ N, 18° 0′ 57″ E. Its area is 7.27 km$^2$ (2.81 sq mi). It is part of the Southern Transdanubia statistical region, and administratively it falls under Baranya County and Hegyhát District. It lies 7 km (4.3 mi) west of the town of Sásd and 25.5 km (15.8 mi) northwest of Pécs.

## Demographics
### 2011 census

As of the census of 2011, there were 141 residents, 61 households, and 40 families living in the village. The population density was 50 inhabitants per square mile (19 inhabitants/km$^2$). There were 76 dwellings at an average density of 27 dwellings per square mile (10 dwellings/km$^2$). The average household size was 2.36. The average number of children was 1.03. The average family size was 2.83.
Religious affiliation was 59.0% Roman Catholic, 4.9% Calvinist, 1.4% Lutheran, 1.4% Greek Catholic, 0.7% other religion and 8.3% unaffiliated, with 24.3% declining to answer.
The village had a significant ethnic minority Roma population of 21.6%. A small number of residents also identified as Croat (1.0%). The majority declared themselves as Hungarian (76.5%), with 23.5% declining to answer.

## Local government

The village is governed by a mayor with a four-person council. The local government of the village operates a joint council office with the nearby localities of Baranyaszentgyörgy, Gödre, Meződ, Palé, Sásd, Varga and Vázsnok. The seat of the joint council is in Sásd.

## Transportation
### Railway

* Sásd Train Station, 10 km (6.2 mi) to the east of the village. The station is on the Pusztaszabolcs–Pécs and Dombóvár-Komló railway lines and is operated by MÁV.
# Deutsche Polizeigewerkschaft

The German Police Trade Union (German: Deutsche Polizeigewerkschaft, DPolG) is a trade union in Germany. Representing 94,000 police employees, it is the second largest union for police employees in Germany, following the Gewerkschaft der Polizei (GdP). It is affiliated with the German Civil Service Federation (Deutscher Beamtenbund, DBB).
Since 2007, the union has been headed by Rainer Wendt, who was reelected in 2011, and – receiving more than 98% of member votes – in 2015.

## Presidents

* 1951–1962: Kurt Fähnrich
* 1962–1968: Walter Seidel
* 1968–1971: Jürgen Brockmann
* 1971–1975: Johannes Zistel
* 1975–1991: Benedikt-Martin Gregg
* 1991–1995: Harald Thiemann
* 1995–2003: Gerhard Vogler
* 2003–2007: Wolfgang Speck
* since 2007: Rainer Wendt