OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Plum-headed finch

The plum-headed finch (Aidemosyne modesta) also known as cherry finch is a common species of estrildid finch found in Australia. It is the only species placed in the genus Aidemosyne. It has an estimated global extent of occurrence of 100,000 – 1,000,000 km$^2$.

## Taxonomy

The plum-headed finch was formally described and illustrated in 1837 by the English ornithologist John Gould in his book A Synopsis of the Birds of Australia, and the Adjacent Islands. Gould coined the binomial name Amadina modesta. This species was formerly placed in the genus Neochmia. A molecular phylogenetic study of the Estrildidae published in 2020 found that the genus Neochmia was paraphyletic. In the reorganization to create monophyletic genera, the plum-headed finch was moved to the genus Aidemosyne that had been introduced in 1862 by the German naturalist Ludwig Reichenbach. The genus name Aidemosyne is from Ancient Greek aidēmosunē meaning "modesty". The specific epithet modesta is Latin meaning "plain", "modest" or "unassuming". The species is monotypic: no subspecies are recognised.

## Description

The plum-headed finch is a robust bird, with a stocky, strong beak and a long tail. It measures some 15 cm long. The scientific name emphasizes the absence of the flamboyant livery typical of many Australian species, as the brown tones predominate in the plumage of this bird; the upper part of the body (nape, back, wings and tail) is in fact a deep brown color, with a tendency to darken on the tail, while the ventral area (cheeks, throat, chest, abdomen and hips) is beige color that turns towards white in the central part of the belly and on the undertail. The bird distinguishes for its fine zebra like colouring, which is white and present on the eyebrows, neck, chest, hips and tail, while on the remiges are two rows of white spots. The beak is black, the legs are flesh-colored and the eyes are dark brown. In the male there are also a rust colored bib and a frontal stain of the same color (often with a brighter color tending to purple red), which in the female are reduced or absent, in any case with a predominance of brown on red; they also have less dense stripes. The female is similar to the male but lacks the male's black chin spot.

## Distribution and habitat

It is found in dry savannah and subtropical/tropical (lowland) dry shrubland in Australia.

## Behaviour
### Breeding

The plum-headed finch breeds mainly from September to January in the south and from August to March in the north. The nest is round, laterally compressed chamber of green grass and is built in thick bushes. Four to six pure white eggs are laid.

## Status

The International Union for Conservation of Nature has classified this species as being of least concern.
# Fort of São Tiago

The Fort of São Tiago (Portuguese: Fortaleza de São Tiago) is a historic military fort located in the historical centre (Zona Velha) of Funchal, Madeira. Constructed in the early 17th century, the fort was built to protect the island against pirate attacks and foreign invasions. The fort is notable for its prominent yellow walls, which contrast with the surrounding architecture, and its strategic position overlooking the Atlantic Ocean. Today, Fort of São Tiago serves as both a cultural landmark and a popular tourist attraction, offering panoramic views of the sea and the city of Funchal.

## History

Fort of São Tiago was constructed in 1614 during a period when Madeira held significant strategic importance in the Atlantic Ocean. The fort was commissioned by the Portuguese Crown to defend the island from pirate raids, as well as attacks from other European powers. Throughout the 17th and 18th centuries, it played a crucial role in protecting Funchal from corsairs and privateers, particularly during conflicts between Portugal and Spain.
The fort underwent extensive restoration in the 1990s, transforming it into a cultural venue. From 1994 until 2015, it housed the Madeira Museum of Contemporary Art (Museu de Arte Contemporânea da Madeira), which has since relocated to Calheta.

## Architecture

Fort of São Tiago is an example of 17th-century Portuguese military architecture. The structure is characterized by its robust stone walls and bastions, designed to withstand cannon fire and repel naval assaults. The most distinguishing feature of the fort is its vivid yellow exterior, a color scheme that was applied during its restoration in the late 20th century. This striking appearance sets it apart from the surrounding buildings in Funchal's historic district.
The fort's design includes multiple watchtowers and ramparts that once provided soldiers with clear views of the harbor and surrounding coastline. Inside the fort, visitors can explore its courtyards, battlements, and a small chapel that once served the religious needs of stationed soldiers. The strategic coastal location of Fort of São Tiago allowed early detection of approaching ships, ensuring its critical role in the island’s defense system.

## Visitor Information

Opening Hours:
Fort of São Tiago is accessible to the public at any time, as the grounds are open without restrictions. Visitors can freely explore the exterior and enjoy views from the fort’s walls.
Admission:
Entrance to the fort is free of charge.
Location:
Fort of São Tiago is located in Funchal’s old town, at Tv. do Forte 8, 9060-123 Funchal
# Golom Kabud, Kermanshah

Golom Kabud (Persian: گلم كبود, also Romanized as Golom Kabūd) is a village in Khodabandehlu Rural District, in the Central District of Sahneh County, Kermanshah Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 67, in 18 families.
# Ayeshbon-e Olya

Ayeshbon-e Olya (Persian: ايشبن عليا, also Romanized as Ayeshbon-e ‘Olyā) is a village in Kelarestaq-e Sharqi Rural District, in the Central District of Chalus County, Mazandaran Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 1,180, in 324 families.
# The Crowd (band)

The Crowd was a charity supergroup formed specifically to produce a charity record for the Bradford City stadium fire, in which 56 people died on 11 May 1985. The group consisted of singers, actors, television personalities and others.
Gerry Marsden of Gerry and the Pacemakers had decided to make a charity record to aid the families of the victims of the disaster (the Bradford City Disaster Fund). The re-recording of the 1963 number 1 hit song "You'll Never Walk Alone" from the Broadway musical Carousel, also a 'football anthem' for Liverpool supporters, entered the UK Singles Chart at number 52, moving to number 4 the following week and then reaching number one on 15 June 1985. The record also topped the Irish Singles Chart. The single gave Gerry Marsden a 'first' in British recording history, by becoming the first person to top the UK chart with two versions of the same song.

## Contributing musicians and celebrities

The band and celebrity members included: Bruce Forsyth, Denny Laine, Jim Diamond, Tony Christie, Rick Wakeman, John Conteh, The Barron Knights, Jess Conrad, Kiki Dee, the Foxes, Rolf Harris, Graham Gouldman, Kenny Lynch, Rick Wild of The Overlanders, Keith Chegwin, Tony Hicks, Colin Blunstone, Tim Hinkley, Johnny Logan, Zak Starkey, Girlschool, Black Lace, John Otway, Gary Holton, Peter Cook, the Nolans, John Entwistle of The Who, Motörhead, Dave Lee Travis, Graham Dene, Ed Stewart, Phil Lynott, Smokie, Joe Fagin, Eddie Hardin, Gerard Kenny, Tim Healy, John Verity, Rose Marie, David Shilling, Chris Norman, Bernie Winters, Robert Heaton, and Frank Allen of The Searchers.
Paul McCartney contributed some words on the B-side of the record which was titled "Messages".
# Billy Smith (footballer, born 1895)

William Henry Smith (23 May 1895 – 13 April 1951) was a professional footballer who played most of his career at Huddersfield Town.
He is one of Huddersfield's all-time top goal-scorers with 126 goals in his career between 1913 and 1934. Smith scored Huddersfield's winning goal in the 1922 FA Cup Final against Preston North End at Stamford Bridge. He also won three caps for England. He was also the first person to score from a corner in a match against Arsenal in October 1924. He made 574 appearances for the Terriers, scoring 126 goals.

## Career

For a Huddersfield legend, the story opened in an unlikely manner. It was September 1913 when at a board meeting a letter of W.H. Smith of Tantobie in County Durham was discussed. The content of the note was short and to the point for the writer made it clear he was not prepared to accept terms of less than 50/- a week (£2.50) and for that reason did not wish to present himself to further trials.
During a Division I match against Stoke he had a fight with a Stoke player. They were both sent off and it meant they would both miss a game. This caused Smith to miss the 1920 FA Cup Final against Aston Villa. After Huddersfield went on appeal he would miss the next league game. Huddersfield lost the cup final 1-0 as Billy Kirton scored in extra time.
In the 2nd half of the 1922 F.A. Cup final, Smith was brought down on the edge of the area. The referee pointed to the spot. Smith, shaken stepped up himself to take the penalty. Preston goalkeeper Mitchell jumped around on his line in attempt to distract Smith but Clem Stephenson said, "Never mind the dancing devil, just shove it in the net. Smith did."
Smith was a key member of the team that won a hattrick of First Division titles under Herbert Chapman and Cecil Potter and in the final championship year (in 1926) received his first England cap. He was one of five Huddersfield players who played in the "Wembley Wizards" 5–1 defeat of England. He, Bob Kelly, Roy Goodall and Tom Wilson played for England, and Alex Jackson for Scotland; Jackson scored a hat-trick, while Kelly scored a consolation for England in the 89th minute. On 11 November 1933 he received his fourth benefit from the president of the football league. He later had a small player - manager stint at Rochdale.

## Later life

Smith faded out from the game in the 1940s and died of cancer in 1951, after having his left leg amputated due to a mistreated football injury.
He and his son Conway Smith were the first father and son to score 100 goals each. His grandson Robert played in the last ever match at the Leeds Road ground before it was knocked down.

## Honours

Huddersfield Town
* FA Cup: 1921–22
* First Division (3): 1923–24, 1924–25, 1925–26
* FA Charity Shield: 1922
# Nairi Hunanyan

Nairi Hrachiki Hunanyan (Armenian: Նաիրի Հրաչիկի Հունանյան, born 8 December 1965) is an Armenian journalist who led the armed attack on the Armenian parliament on 27 October 1999 and killed Prime Minister Vazgen Sargsyan and Parliament Speaker Karen Demirchyan and six other politicians.

## Early life and education

Hunanyan was born in 1965 in Yerevan. He served in the Soviet army from 1984 to 1985, when he was discharged for health reasons. He graduated from the Department of Philology of Yerevan State University in 1990.

## Career

In 1988 he became an active participant in the Karabakh movement and was one of the founders of the Alliance of Armenian Students. He became a member of the Armenian Revolutionary Federation in 1990. According to the ARF, Hunanyan was expelled from the party in 1992 for misconduct and had not been in any association with the ARF since then. Later he founded and managed the Horizon news agency, which operated for a few months. From 1994 to 1997 he lived in Crimea, Ukraine, teaching the Armenian language at a school in Yevpatoria. He returned to Armenia in 1997. After moving back to Armenia, Hunanyan made more than one visit to Turkey. Hunanyan had developed a plan to improve relations between Armenia and Turkey and reportedly had meetings with several Turkish ministers to discuss the idea. From September 1998 to February 1999 he worked at the Public Television Company of Armenia as a journalist.

## 1999 Armenian parliament shooting

On 27 October 1999, Hunanyan and four other gunmen, including his brother Karen Hunanyan and his uncle Vram Galstyan, entered the Armenian parliament building and killed the prime minister Vazgen Sargsyan, speaker of parliament Karen Demirchyan and six other officials. In his statement, Nairi Hunanyan accused the government of leading Armenia into political and economic ruin. The attackers surrendered on 28 October. The five gunmen were later each sentenced to eight life sentences.
Hunanyan claimed that he made the decision to attack parliament by himself and did not receive orders from anyone, although there was much speculation about the true organizers of the attack.
# Ugo Coccia

Ugo Coccia (11 August 1895 – 23 December 1932) was an Italian socialist journalist and politician who served as the secretary of the Italian Socialist Party (PSI) for two terms from 1926 to 1928 and from 1930 to 1932. He died in exile in Hyères, France.

## Biography

Coccia was born in Rieti on 11 August 1895. He started his socialist activities from young age. He was the editor of the Avanti! newspaper until 1928 when Angelica Balabanoff assumed the post.
Coccia left Italy in 1926 when a strict law which ended the legal existence of the oppositional movements were put into force by the Fascist government of Benito Mussolini. Coccia continued his activities in Switzerland and France. He became the secretary of the PSI on 31 December 1926 succeeding Olindo Vernocchi in the post. Coccia's tenure ended on 15 January 1928 when Angelica Balabanoff was elected to the post. Coccia was elected secretary of the secretary of the PSI-IOS (Socialist Workers' International) at the unity congress held in Paris on 30 July 1930, replacing Pietro Nenni in the post. A secretariat committee composed of Oddino Morgari, Giuseppe Saragat and Angelo Tasca assumed the post on 2 September 1939.
Coccia died in Hyères, France, on 23 December 1932, while serving as the secretary of the PSI-IOS, from heart disease resulting from a rheumatic disease which he contracted in the trenches during World War II.
His son, Franco Coccia (1929–2017), was also a politician.

## Legacy

A conference in memory of Coccia was organized by the Filippo Turati Foundation and the Pietro Nenni Foundation in his hometown, Rieti, on 12 March 1999. The papers presented at the conference were published as a book entitled Ugo Coccia e la generazione degli esuli (Italian: Ugo Coccia and the generation of exiles) in 2001.
# Bystrá, Stropkov District

Bystrá (Rusyn: Быстра; Hungarian: Hegyesbisztra) is a village and municipality in Stropkov District in the Prešov Region of north-eastern Slovakia.

## Background

In historical records the village was first mentioned in 1405. The municipality lies at an altitude of 400 metres and covers an area of 3.012 km².

## Population

According to the 2001 Census, the village has a population of about 33 people. 52.6% were Slovak and 47.4% Rusyn. 92.1% were Greek Catholic, 5.3% Orthodox and 2.6% Roman Catholic.

## Genealogical resources

The records for genealogical research are available at the state archive "Statny Archiv in Presov, Slovakia"
* Greek Catholic church records (births/marriages/deaths): 1885-1952 (parish B)
# Necropolis of Monte Luna

The Necropolis of Monte Luna is an archaeological site located in the surroundings of Senorbì, in Sardinia, near a hill known as Monte Luna (Italian: Moon Mountain). Excavations at this site have unveiled the remainders of a Carthaginian necropolis, comprising about 120 graves. The necropolis was built by the inhabitants of a Carthaginian settlement in the area of modern Santu Teru around the 6th century BC.

## Footnotes

* 1 2 (in Italian) Senorbì
* ↑ The necropolis at Wikimapia
# Bunovo Peak

Bunovo Peak (Bulgarian: връх Буново, romanized: vrah Bunovo, IPA:) is the rocky peak rising to 1104 m in the west foothills of Hemimont Plateau on Fallières Coast in Graham Land, Antarctica. It surmounts Forbes Glacier to the north and Kom Glacier to the south.
The peak is named after the settlements of Bunovo in Western and Southwestern Bulgaria.

## Location

Bunovo Peak is located at 67°49′48″S 66°36′53″W﻿ / ﻿67.83000°S 66.61472°W﻿ / -67.83000; -66.61472, which is 18.2 km south-southwest of Shapkarev Buttress, 4.75 km north of Grozden Peak and 5.85 km east of Mount Diamond. British mapping in 1978.

## Maps

* Antarctic Digital Database (ADD). Scale 1:250000 topographic map of Antarctica. Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research (SCAR). Since 1993, regularly upgraded and updated.
* British Antarctic Territory. Scale 1:200000 topographic map. DOS 610 Series, Sheet W 67 66. Directorate of Overseas Surveys, Tolworth, UK, 1978.
# Mount Frank Rae

Mount Frank Rae (2,360 m) is the highest mountain of the Ogilvie Mountains in central Yukon, Canada, located 62 km (39 mi) northeast of Dawson City.
# Lycodon kundui

Lycodon kundui is a species of snake in the subfamily Colubrinae of the family Colubridae. The species is endemic to Myanmar.

## Etymology

The specific name, kundui, is in honor of the collector of the holotype, Dr. Kundu of the Harcourt Butler Institute of Public health, Rangoon, Burma (Yangon, Myanmar).

## Description

The holotype of L. kundui, a juvenile specimen, has a total length (including tail) of 22.5 cm (8.9 in).
Dorsally, it is bluish black, with narrow white crossbars. Ventrally it is white, including the first row of dorsal scales on each side. The smooth dorsal scales are arranged in 15 rows throughout the length of the body. It has seven upper labials, of which the third and fourth contact the eye. Four lower labials on each side contact the anterior pair of chin shields. The anterior chin shields are much larger than the posterior chin shields.

## Habitat

The preferred natural habitat of L. kundui is forest.

## Reproduction

L. kundui is oviparous.
# David Citadel Hotel

David Citadel Hotel (Hebrew: מָלוֹן מֽצוּדָת דָּוִד, malón mezudát davíd) is a luxury hotel on King David Street in Jerusalem, across the street from the Mamilla Mall. It has hosted VIPs, global political leaders, business moguls and celebrities, competing with the nearby King David Hotel and the new Waldorf Astoria for the title of "Jerusalem's flagship hotel".

## History

The hotel opened in 1998 as the Hilton Jerusalem, managed by Hilton International. After a business dispute in 2001 between Hilton and Alfred Akirov, managing director of the Tel Aviv-based Alrov hotel and real estate development group, which involved multimillion-dollar lawsuits between the two corporations, Hilton pulled out of managing the property. The hotel, renamed the David Citadel Hotel, is currently owned by Akirov and managed by the Alrov Hotel Group, which controls five luxury properties in Jerusalem, Amsterdam, London and Paris.
People who have stayed at the hotel include U.S. President Bill Clinton and his wife Hillary Clinton, Senator Barack Obama, Senator John McCain, Russian Prime Minister Vladimir Putin and U.S. Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice, who has used the facility to conduct quiet meetings between Israeli and Palestinian peace negotiating teams.

## Design and style

The hotel, along with the Mamilla development project across the street, was designed by Moshe Safdie as a U-shaped structure rising 8 stories high with 384 rooms and suites. It has terrace-style suites that overlook the Old City of Jerusalem and the Tower of David. A glass-domed public lobby in the inner part of the "U" was designed by Piero Lissoni. The building sports a neo-Oriental style which blends Middle-Eastern and classic Jerusalem architectural elements.
# Zafer (newspaper)

Zafer (Turkish: Victory) was a daily newspaper which was published in Ankara, Turkey, between 1949 and 1960. It was one of the leading newspapers in Turkey during the 1950s. It is known for its close affiliation with the Democrat Party (DP) which was the ruling party in the period between 1950 and 1960. The paper was closed by the Turkish authorities immediately after the military coup on 27 May 1960 which ended the rule of the DP.

## History and profile

Zafer was first published on 30 April 1949. It came out daily and was headquartered in Ankara. Its founder was Mümtaz Faik Fenik who was a journalist and a deputy of Ankara for the DP. He also headed the DP's campaign in the 1946 election. The publishing company was the Güneş Press owned by Fenik. Later the paper was managed by other DP members, including Zeki Rıza Sporel, Zühtü Hilmi Velibeşe and Kâmil Gündeş. Editors-in-chief of Zafer included Şemsi Cemil Altay, Fatin Fuad, Sacid Ögel, Cenap Yakar, Turhan Dilligil and Atilla Onuk. Its major contributors were Adviye Fenik, Ali Fuat Başgil, Ahmet Muhip Dıranas, Bahadır Ülger, Burhan Apaydın, Burhan Belge, Fazıl Ahmet Aykaç, Hikmet Yazıcıoğlu, Orhan Seyfi Orhon, Rıfkı Salim Burçak, Sefaettin Karanakçı and Perihan Parla.
As a result of its closeness to the ruling party Zafer was named as the "partisan publication" by the opposition figures. The paper was given the highest number of official advertisements in the period between 1951 and 1958.
Zafer was one of the Turkish newspapers which supported the resistance of Hungarian people against the Soviet Union in 1956. The others were Milliyet and Hürriyet.
The last issue of Zafer numbered 3832 appeared on 26 May 1960, a day before the military coup.
# Krolevets Raion

Krolevets Raion (Ukrainian: Кролевецький район) was a raion in Sumy Oblast in North Ukraine. The administrative center of the raion was the town of Krolevets. The raion was abolished on 18 July 2020 as part of the administrative reform of Ukraine, which reduced the number of raions of Sumy Oblast to five. The last estimate of the raion population was 36,390 (2020 est.).
# 1st Iowa Independent Battery Light Artillery

The 1st Iowa Light Artillery Battery was a light artillery battery from Iowa that served in the Union Army between August 17, 1861, and July 5, 1865, during the American Civil War.

## Service

The 1st Iowa Light Artillery was mustered into Federal service at Burlington, Iowa for a three-year enlistment on August 17, 1861. The regiment was mustered out of Federal service on July 5, 1865.

## Total strength and casualties

A total of 266 men served in the 1st Iowa Battery at one time or another during its existence. It suffered 10 enlisted men who were killed in action or who died of their wounds and 1 officer and 50 enlisted men who died of disease, for a total of 61 fatalities#
# 2024 in games

This page lists board and card games, wargames, miniatures games, and tabletop role-playing games published in 2024. For video games, see 2024 in video gaming.

## Deaths

| Date | Name | Age | Notability |
| January 1 | James Herbert Brennan | 83 | Northern Irish writer and gamebooks author |
| January 10 | Jennell Jaquays | 67 | American game designer and artist |
| March 18 | James M. Ward | 72 | American game designer and fantasy author for TSR |
| March 27 | James A. Moore | 58 | American role-playing game and novel author |
| April 1 | Anne Vétillard | 60-61 | French role-playing game author |
| May 23 | John Maddox Roberts | 76 | American novelist, wrote Dragonlance novel Murder in Tarsis |
| October 31 | Greg Hildebrandt | 85 | American illustrator |
# Richard Schunke

Richard Hernán Schunke (born 26 November 1991) is an Argentine professional footballer who plays as a centre-back for Independiente del Valle.

## Career

As a youth player, Schunke played as a goalkeeper, midfielder, and forward, before becoming a defender.
Schunke started his career with Argentine third division side Almagro, where he made 145 league appearances and scored 8 goals.
Before the 2018 season, he signed for Ecuadorian top flight side Independiente del Valle, helping them win the 2019 Copa Sudamericana.
# Dimitrios Theodoridis

Dimitrios Theodoridis (Greek: Δημήτριος Θεοδωρίδης; born 8 August 2002) is a Greek professional footballer who plays as a striker for Super League 2 club AEK Athens B.
# Asterios Ikonomikos

Asterios 'Stergios' Ikonomikos (Greek: Αστέριος 'Στέργιος' Οικονομίκος; born 25 February 2000) is a Greek professional footballer who plays as a midfielder for Serbian club Zlatibor Čajetina.