OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Regional Natural Monument of Pedreira do Campo

The Regional Natural Monument of Pedreira do Campo (Portuguese: Monumento Natural Regional da Pedreira do Campo), which singularly translated means field quarry, is an area located west of Pico do Facho and Ponta do Figueiral, in the civil parish and municipality of Vila do Porto, on the island of Santa Maria in the Eastern Group of the Portuguese archipelago of the Azores. Along with other sites in Santa Maria, Pedreira do Campo is an area known for the discovery of oceanic fossils, which has allowed a specific assessment of the age of the island.

## History

The first references to this area came from the religious scholar and historian Gaspar Frutuoso who, writing in the 16th century, referred to calcareous sandstone deposits in a quarry near Figuerial, describing the sandstone as "...[having] seafood shells glued on [to] it".
Even after its modern re-discovery, by García-Talavera (in 1997), it attracted little attention, until the first international expedition Paleontology in Atlantic Islands (2002).
A workshop followed, entitled Marine Fossils of the Azores: Perspectives on the Future (presented by the Marine Biology section of the University of the Azores and the Portuguese Ordem dos Biólogos), which first suggested "a proposal for protection and classification of Pedreira do Campo as a Natural Regional Monument.
A technical report was published (M. Cahão, et al., 2003) that eventually laid the foundation for the Natural Monument designation. On 25 December 2002, a resolution-in-council by the Regional Government designated Pedreira do Campo as a Regional Natural Monument (Resolution 203/2002), which was approved as Decree 11/2004/A on 23 March 2004.

## Geography

Pedreira do Campo is a 200 metres (660 ft) area, once associated with a rock quarrying, but since 2004 integrated into a protected area, that includes exposed sediments, extrusive magmatic and fossil deposits 20 metres (66 ft) deep and 120 to 130 metres (390–430 ft) above sea level.
The rock formation is delimited by a composite of sedimentary rock from the Touril Volcanic Complex and magmatic rocks of the Facho-Pico Alto Volcanic Complex. These units are estimated at five million years in age, from the Miocene to Pliocene epochs. The sedimentary deposits consist of horizontal layers intercalated into volcanic material of limestones, breccias, sandstones and conglomerates, as well as sub-aerial deposits.
It is one of the areas where abundant fossilized bicarbonate rocks have been discovered, including micro- and macro-fossils of algae, coral, bi-valve mollusks, gastropods, echinoderms, as well as bio-eroded sponges and bi-valve skeletons.
In terms of natural biological species, the area is known for Myrica faya (evergreen shrub), Myrtus communis (myrtle) and the endemic Scabiosa nitens. Migratory and marine bird species common to the area include the common buzzard (Buteo buteo rothschildi), the Columbian rock pigeon (Columbia livia atlantis), European greenfinch (Carduelis chloris aurantiiventris) and Atlantic canary (Serinus canaria).
# Catanzaro funicular

The Catanzaro funicular (Italian: Funicolare di Catanzaro) is a funicular railway in the city of Catanzaro, Calabria, Italy. It connects the upper part of the city, at Piazza Roma, with Catanzaro Sala via an intermediate stop at Piano Casa. The line carries some 580,000 passengers per year.
The current line opened in 1998, using the trackbed and tunnel of the funicular section of the former Automotofunicolare di Catanzaro, a hybrid electric tramway and funicular that operated between 1910 and 1954. The reopened line was operated by the Ferrovie della Calabria, whose concession expired in 2014. The line closed in mid-2014 due to the poor condition of the infrastructure, and in November of that year, the city of Catanzaro issued a request to tender for an upgrade to the funicular. Work costing €0.5 million was undertaken to fit new surveillance, control and communications equipment, and the line reopened on 12 November 2016.
The funicular is owned by the city of Cantanzaro, and is now operated by the Azienda per Mobilitatà della Città di Catanzaro. It has the following technical parameters:
| Number of stops | 3 (2 termini; 1 intermediate) |
| Configuration | Single track with passing loop |
| Length | 678 m (2,224 ft) |
| Height | 158 m (518 ft) |
| Average steepness | 28% |
| Number of cars | 2 |
| Capacity | 70 passengers per car |
| Maximum speed | 7 m/s (23 ft/s) |
| Trip time | 130 seconds |
# M. Rizki Mirzamah

Muhammad Rizki Mirzamah (born July 31, 1991) is an Indonesian former footballer.
# Gorla (district of Milan)

Gorla (Italian pronunciation:; Lombard: Gòrla, same pronunciation) is a district ("quartiere") of Milan, Italy. It is part of the Zone 2 administrative division, located north-east of the city centre. Before 1923, Gorla was an independent comune. The name "Gorla" is probably derived from the latin word gulula, meaning "little cleft".
The district is traversed by Viale Monza, a major thoroughfare connecting Milan and Monza, as well as the Naviglio Martesana canal. The most prominent architectural feature of Gorla consists in a number of 19th Century villas that were built along the Naviglio Martesana and served as country residences for rich Milanese families.

## History

Gorla developed as a rural settlement until the late 19th century. Thereafter, the Milanese north-east quickly turned into an industrial area (most notably around Sesto San Giovanni), a process that affected Gorla as well. In 1864, Gorla became a formal "comune", named "Gorla Primo"; in 1920 Gorla and the bordering comune of Precotto merged into the new comune of Gorlaprecotto, a decision that was intended to preserve both comunes from being absorbed into Milan. Nevertheless, three years later, Gorlaprecotto was annexed to the city along with other 12 comunes.

### Bombing of Gorla

During World War II, on 20 October 1944, Gorla was struck by American bombers in the Bombing of Gorla. As part of a larger operation to target industrial sites in Milan, an American bomber unit - intending to target the Breda works some 2.5 km from Gorla - made a navigational error and missed the Breda works, causing the formation to drift over Gorla. Upon realizing its course could not be corrected, the bomber unit dropped their bombs indiscriminately into the Po valley, with many bombs falling on Gorla. 614 civilians were killed in the bombings, include 184 children when a school was hit.
The victims are now remembered as "the Little Martyrs of Gorla", and a memorial was built where the killing had taken place; a museum dedicated to peace has also been established in the area. The mayor of Milan called for the US to apologize for the bombing in 2019.

## Footnotes

* ↑ Dante Olivieri (1931), Dizionario di toponomastica lombarda. La Famiglia Meneghina Editrice, Milan, p. 275
* ↑ Lupiano, Vincent dePaul (2022-12-15). Operation Ginny: The Most Significant Commando Raid of WWII. Rowman & Littlefield. ISBN 978-1-4930-6800-5.
* ↑ Corrado, Giovanni (2015). Tactical Enthusiasm and Operational Blindness: Civilian Casualties during the Allied Air Campaign in Italy in 1940-1945. School of Advanced Military Studies United States Army Command and General Staff College Fort Leavenworth, Kansas. URL: https://apps.dtic.mil/sti/tr/pdf/AD1001269.pdf
* ↑ "Milan seeks US apology for WWII bomb that killed children". AP News. 2019-10-20. Retrieved 2024-02-18.
# Henry Green (British Army officer)

Brigadier-General Henry Clifford Rodes Green, CB, CMG, DSO (15 May 1872 – 15 April 1935) was a senior British Army officer during the First World War.
Green was the son of Sir William Green of the British Indian Army and Louisa Dunn, daughter of John Henry Dunn. He was commissioned as a second lieutenant into the King's Royal Rifle Corps on 18 November 1891, having attended the Royal Military College, Sandhurst, and was promoted to lieutenant on 3 January 1895. He served in the Second Boer War 1899–1902, as adjutant of the 2nd battalion from 23 October 1899, and was present at the actions of Rietfontein and Lombard´s Kop, the defence of Ladysmith and actions at Laing's Nek. While in South Africa he was promoted to captain on 7 January 1900. After peace was declared in May 1902, Green left South Africa on board the SS Bavarian and arrived in the United Kingdom the following month.
In 1915 he took command of the newly raised 8th Battalion of the regiment, part of the 41st Brigade. From 7 August 1916, he was Brigade Commander of the 20th Brigade which was engaged on the Western Front. Green was wounded on 5 October 1917 during the Third Battle of Ypres. He subsequently commanded the brigade on the Italian Front until the end of the war.
Green was awarded the Distinguished Service Order in June 1916. In September 1917 he was made a Commander of the Belgian Order of the Crown. He was made a Companion of the Order of St Michael and St George in January 1918. On 2 March 1923 he was decorated by the Italian government as a Commander of the Order of Saints Maurice and Lazarus. He retired in 1923.
He married Florence Elmslie Humphrey Davidson in 1910, with whom he had two children.
# Yasel

Yasel (Persian: ياسل, also Romanized as Yāsel) is a village in Sheykh Fazlolah-e Nuri Rural District, Baladeh District, Nur County, Mazandaran Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 16, in 6 families.
# Denys Solonenko

Denys Solonenko (Ukrainian: Денис Солоненко, born 25 October 1992) is a Ukrainian boxer. He competed at the 2016 Summer Olympics in the men's light heavyweight event, in which he was eliminated in the round of 32 by Teymur Mammadov.
# Dickie Reader

Richard Reader (8 November 1890 – 1974) was an English footballer who played in the Football League for Bristol City, Derby County and Luton Town.
# UFCW Local 1776

UFCW Local 1776 represents workers in the state of Pennsylvania for the United Food and Commercial Workers. The larger majority of their members work in grocery stores. The number 1776 refers to the year that the United States Declaration of Independence was drafted in Philadelphia, rather than it being a sequential number of local unions.

## History

In 1937, The Retail Clerks & Managers Protective Association (retail clerks) Local 1357 was founded in Philadelphia by employees of American Stores and A&P. In 1963, Local 1357 of the retail clerks had 4,000 members in Philadelphia area supermarkets. By the end of the decade, through the organizing power of president Wendell Young III over 10,000 non-food retail workers and department store employees joined Local 1357.
In 1971, Pennsylvania State Liquor Store clerks joined the ranks of the expanding union. In 1979 the Retail Clerks International Association had merged with the Amalgamated Meat Cutters to create the United Food and Commercial Workers (UFCW) International Union.

## Notable representations

Retail food
* Acme Markets
* Giant Eagle
* Rite Aid
* ShopRite
* Super Fresh Food Markets
# Forever Peace

Forever Peace is a 1997 science fiction novel by Joe Haldeman. It won the Nebula Award, Hugo Award and John W. Campbell Memorial Award in 1998.

## Plot

Though its title is similar to The Forever War, and both novels deal with soldiers in the future, Forever Peace is not a direct sequel and takes place on a different future of Earth in 2048.
Using remotely controlled, nearly invincible robots called "soldierboys", the Alliance military fights third-world guerrillas in an endless series of economy-driven wars. As only first-world nations possess the nanoforge technology that can produce anything from basic materials, conflict is largely asymmetric.
The novel is told partly in first-person narration by the main character, Julian Class, and partly by an anonymous third-person narrator, who comments on aspects of Julian's personality and background.
The main protagonist, Julian Class, is a physicist and a mechanic who operates a soldierboy. Thanks to electronic "jacks" implanted in their skulls, mechanics are remotely linked to the machinery as well as to each other, being able to experience battle through the machines and read the thoughts of other mechanics who are simultaneously jacked in.
After attempting suicide, Julian and his lover, Amelia "Blaze" Harding, are made aware of a problem with an automated particle physics project that could trigger a new Big Bang that would destroy the universe. The pair speculate that a given universe exists only until its first civilization attempts such a project. When Julian, Blaze, and another physicist submit their paper to a journal's review board, they find themselves the target of "The Hammer of God", a Christian cult bent on hastening an anticipated end of the universe. As the Hammer of God has a secret presence throughout the government, Julian and Blaze narrowly miss being assassinated.
Marty Larrin, one of the inventors of jacking technology, recruits Julian and Blaze in an attempt to use the technology to end war; a little-known secret is that jacking with someone else for about two weeks will psychologically eliminate the ability to kill another human being. By "humanizing" the entire world, dangerous technology would not be a problem for human survival. They do so, stop the particle accelerator's construction, and the war is eventually ended.

## Reception

* Hugo Award winner, 1998
* Nebula Award winner, 1998
* John W. Campbell Memorial Award winner, 1998
* Locus Award nominee, 1998
# Liguria (Chamber of Deputies constituency)

Liguria is one of the 29 constituencies (Italian: circoscrizioni) represented in the Chamber of Deputies, the lower house of the Italian parliament. The constituency currently elects 16 deputies. Its boundaries correspond to those of the Italian region of Liguria. The electoral system uses a parallel voting system, which act as a mixed system, with 37% of seats allocated using a first-past-the-post electoral system and 61% using a proportional method, with one round of voting.
The constituency was first established by the Mattarella law on 4 August 1993 and later confirmed by the Calderoli law on 21 December 2005 and by the Rosato law on 3 November 2017.

## Members of the Parliament
### 2018–present

Single-member districts :
| District | District | District | Deputy | Coalition | Coalition | Party | Party |
| N. | Name | Map | Deputy | Coalition | Coalition | Party | Party |
| 01 | Sanremo | | Giorgio Mulé | | Centre-right | | Forza Italia |
| 02 | Savona | | Sara Foscolo | | Centre-right | | League |
| 03 | Genoa–Sestri | | Roberto Traversi | | Five Star Movement | Five Star Movement | Five Star Movement |
| 04 | Genoa–San Fruttuoso | | Marco Rizzone [it] | | Five Star Movement | Five Star Movement | Five Star Movement |
| 05 | Genoa–Rapallo | | Roberto Bagnasco [it] | | Centre-right | | Forza Italia |
| 06 | La Spezia | | Manuela Gagliardi | | Centre-right | | Forza Italia |
Multi-member districts :
| District | District | District | Party | Party | Deputy |
| N. | Name | Map | Party | Party | Deputy |
| 01 | Liguria – 01 | | | Five Star Movement | Sergio Battelli [it] |
| 01 | Liguria – 01 | | | Five Star Movement | Leda Volpi [it] |
| 01 | Liguria – 01 | | | League | Fabio Di Muro |
| 01 | Liguria – 01 | | | Democratic Party | Franco Vazio |
| 02 | Liguria – 02 | | | League | Edoardo Rixi |
| 02 | Liguria – 02 | | | League | Lorenzo Viviani |
| 02 | Liguria – 02 | | | Five Star Movement | Simone Valente |
| 02 | Liguria – 02 | | | Democratic Party | Raffaella Paita |
| 02 | Liguria – 02 | | | Forza Italia | Roberto Cassinelli |
| 02 | Liguria – 02 | | | Free and Equal | Luca Pastorino |
# Paul Mansion

Paul Mansion (3 June 1844 – 16 April 1919) was a Belgian mathematician, editor of the journal Mathesis.

## Life and work

Mansion was the ninth of ten brothers. His father died when he was only a baby and he was brought up by his mother and his older brothers. He studied at Huy school and high school. In 1862 he entered in the École Normale des Sciences, attached to the University of Ghent, where he graduated in 1865. From this time till 1867 he taught mathematics in the artillery academy in Ghent, while he was working in his doctoral thesis. He was awarded PhD in 1867.
In 1867, after the death of his professor Mathias Schaar, he was appointed to the chair of calculus at the university of Ghent. He remained there until he was appointed to the chair of probability in 1892. Also, from 1884, he taught the history of mathematics.
In 1874, with Eugene Catalan, he founded the journal Nouvelle Correspondence Mathématique, and in 1880, with Joseph Neuberg, he founded the journal Mathesis.
The works of Mansion, deal mainly with non-Euclidean geometry, history of mathematics, and differential equations. He published 349 works in very different journals.
# Ann Doherty

Ann Doherty (c. 1786 – c. 1831/1832) was an English novelist and playwright, who corresponded with Robert Southey. Her father, Thomas Holmes (1751–1827), was a wealthy East India merchant from Worcestershire, who changed his name to Hunter on inheriting an estate, Gobions in North Mymms, Hertfordshire, through his wife, the daughter of the Governor of Bombay, William Hornby.

## Relationships

Ann Holmes, said to have "a very superior intellect" and much wealth as a child, wrote at the age of 15 a number of excited love letters and verses to Hugh Doherty, an Irish ex-dragoon, who was twice her age when they married. However, she left him and their baby in 1806, after which Hugh Doherty published a book entitled The Discovery, which included her letters and related that they had eloped after Ann's parents had confined her in a private madhouse.
In 1811, Hugh Doherty brought a successful action against the architect Philip William Wyatt (died 1835) for "criminal conversation" with his wife, but received only £1000 in damages, not the £20,000 he had claimed. Her relationship with Wyatt was over by 1818, when she was calling herself Ann Attersoll, presumably referring to cohabitation with the wealthy merchant and banker John Attersoll (c. 1784–1822), who had briefly been a Whig MP for Wootton Bassett in 1812–1813.
By 1820, Ann Doherty was living under the name St Anne Holmes in France, where she remained.

## Writings

As an author, Ann Doherty published anonymously or as "St Anne". Her novels "tended towards an Ossianic, flowery style" with heroines of "a high degree of feminine softness". They included Ronaldsha (1808), The Castles of Wolfnorth and Mont Eagle (1812) and The Knight of the Glen. An Irish Romance (1815).
While with Attersoll, she began corresponding with the Lake Poet Robert Southey. In 1818 she sent him a copy of her Peter the Cruel King of Castile and Leon: An Historical Play in Five Acts. He responded with a dedicated copy of the 1821 French translation of his Roderick the Last of the Goths.
# Basilica of the Most Blessed Sacrament, São Paulo

The Basilica of the Most Blessed Sacrament (also Church of St. Efigenia; Portuguese: Basílica do Santíssimo Sacramento) is a Catholic basilica located at the corner of Casper Libero Avenue and Santa Ifigenia Street, in the district of the same name in the city of Sao Paulo in the south of Brazil. The Santa Ifigenia viaduct ends in front of the church.

## Description

Located near the Anhangabaú Valley, the current Church of Santa Ifigenia was built on the site of one of the oldest chapels of the city, the Chapel of Our Lady of Conception, built before 1720. This first chapel was renovated in 1794, and by disposition of the prince regent Don João VI, in 1809 the parish of Our Lady of the Conception and Santa Ifigenia appeared.
Between 1930 and 1954, due to the construction of the cathedral of St. Paul, the church of Santa Ifigenia served as cathedral of the city. On April 18, 1958, the church was elevated to the rank of basilica, under the name of Basilica of the Blessed Sacrament, by Pope Pius XII. It was protected by the Municipal Council of Historic, Cultural and Environmental Preservation of the City of Sao Paulo (CONPRESP) in 1992.
# Al-Askar

Al-‘Askar (Arabic: العسكر) was the capital of Egypt from 750–868, when Egypt was a province of the Abbasid Caliphate.

## History
### Background

After the Muslim conquest of Egypt in 641, Fustat was established, just north of Coptic Cairo and the regional capital of Egypt was moved from Alexandria to the new city on the eastern side of the Nile.

### Abbasid regional capital (750-868)

The Rashiduns were followed by the Umayyads, who ruled until they were overthrown by the Abbasids in 750, when the Umayyad regional capital of Fustat was replaced with an Abbasid city slightly north of it, al-‘Askar. Its full name was Arabic: مدينة العسكري, romanized: Madinatu l-‘Askari, lit. 'City of Cantonments or City of Sections'. Intended primarily as a city large enough to house an army, it was laid out in a grid pattern that could be easily subdivided into separate sections for various groups, such as merchants and officers.
The peak of the Abbasid dynasty occurred during the reign of Harun al Rashid (r. 786-809), along with increased taxes on the Egyptians, who rose up in a peasant revolt in 832 during the time of Caliph al-Ma'mun (r. 813-833).
Local Egyptian governors gained increasing autonomy, and in 870, governor Ahmad ibn Tulun declared Egypt's independence (though still nominally under the rule of the Abbasid Caliph). As a symbol of this independence, in 868 ibn Tulun founded yet another capital, al-Qatta'i, slightly further north of al-‘Askar.

### After 868

Al-‘Askar, Fusṭāṭ, and, after the 1168 fire that destroyed old Fustat, nearby al-Qāhirah (Cairo) became capitals of Egypt, the latter keeping this position to this day. Cairo's boundaries grew to eventually encompass the three earlier capitals of al-Fusṭāṭ, al-Qatta'i and al-‘Askar, the remnants of which can today be seen in "Old Cairo" in the southern part of the city.
# Don Anthony

Donald William James Anthony MBE (6 November 1928 – 28 May 2012) was a British hammer thrower. He competed at the 1956 Summer Olympics.
Anthony placed 4th in the Empire Games in Vancouver in 1954. The former Watford Harrier held the England record in the event which he broke several times during his decade long international athletics career. He later competed for Polytechnic Harriers. He was a founder member of the Hammer Circle.
He was a former pupil at Watford Boys Grammar School.
It was as an administrator, educator and sporting pioneer that he truly made his mark. Whilst on National Service in Cyprus in 1955, Anthony first played the game of volleyball and, on his return home to a job as an assistant lecturer at Manchester University he established a national governing body for the sport. Anthony remained president of England Volleyball. Volleyball England's Hall of Fame bears his name.
He traveled the world to promote peace and the values of the Olympic Games through UNESCO and the Olympic Solidarity movement. He was a familiar face at the International Olympic Academy in Greece and oversaw the establishment of Britain's own National Olympic Academy in 1982.
As a journalist, he was responsible for uncovering much of Britain's early Olympic heritage and also ensured that William Penny Brookes’ Olympian Games in Much Wenlock received their rightful place in the history of the modern Games. In 1994, Anthony welcomed Juan Antonio Samaranch to Much Wenlock to mark the centenary of the IOC. Wenlock was the name of one of the London 2012 games mascots.
He worked closely with Baron Pierre de Coubertin’s great nephew, Antoine de Navacelle, in the establishment of the Coubertin awards which combined sport with the world of business ethics.
Anthony was appointed Member of the Order of the British Empire (MBE) in the 2011 Birthday Honours for services to sport. He died in May 2012.