OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Amotz Zahavi

Amotz Zahavi (Hebrew: אמוץ זהבי) (August 14, 1928 – May 12, 2017) was an Israeli evolutionary biologist, a Professor in the Department of Zoology at Tel Aviv University, and one of the founders of the Society for the Protection of Nature in Israel. His main work concerned the evolution of signals, particularly those signals that are indicative of fitness, and their selection for "honesty".

## Biography

Amotz Zahavi was influenced to study zoology by the director of the zoo at Tel Aviv, Heinrich Mendelssohn. He received his Ph.D. from Tel Aviv University in 1970. He was married to Avishag Zahavi, a biologist and a co-investigator. He died in Tel Aviv, Israel on May 12, 2017, aged 88.

## Scientific career

Zahavi is best known for his work on the handicap principle, which explains the evolution of characteristics, behaviors or structures that appear contrary to the principles of Darwinian evolution in that they appear to reduce fitness and endanger individual organisms. Evolved by sexual selection, these act as signals of the status of the organism, functioning to e. g. attract mates. He expanded it with theories on honest signalling and the idea that selection would favour signals that impose a higher cost, those that are not easily cheated on. He worked in particular on the Arabian babbler, a long-lived and social bird with altruistic behaviour among unrelated individuals, not explainable by kin selection. Zahavi reinterpreted these behaviours according to his signal theory and its correlative, the handicap principle. The altruistic act is costly to the donor, but may improve attractiveness to potential mates, a form of competitive altruism.
Zahavi is credited with co-developing the information centre hypothesis in 1973 with Peter Ward. The information centre hypothesis states that birds live in communal roosts primarily to gain information on food resource locations from other roost individuals.
Towards the end of his life he attempted to apply his theory at the molecular scale and sought to examine for example whether the neurotransmitter acetylcholine was selected due to its toxicity.

## Awards

In 1980, The Society for the Protection of Nature in Israel, Zahavi and two other colleagues, were awarded the Israel Prize for SPNI's special contribution to society and the State, for the environment.
In 2011, Zahavi received the Fyssen Foundation's International Prize for the evolution of social communication.
In 2016, Zahavi received a prize for lifetime achievement from the Israel Society of Ecology and Environmental Sciences.

## Published works

* Zahavi, A (1975). "Mate selection - a selection for a handicap". Journal of Theoretical Biology. 53 (1): 205–214. Bibcode:1975JThBi..53..205Z. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.586.3819. doi:10.1016/0022-5193(75)90111-3. PMID 1195756.
* Zahavi, A (1977). "The cost of honesty (Further remarks on the handicap principle)". Journal of Theoretical Biology. 67 (3): 603–605. Bibcode:1977JThBi..67..603Z. doi:10.1016/0022-5193(77)90061-3. PMID 904334.
* Zahavi, A. and Zahavi, A. (1997). The handicap principle: a missing piece of Darwin's puzzle. Oxford University Press. Oxford. ISBN 0-19-510035-2
# Roman Catholic Diocese of Riobamba

The Roman Catholic Diocese of Riobamba (Latin: Dioecesis Rivibambensis) is a Roman Catholic diocese located in Riobamba, Ecuador. This diocese was erected on 29 December 1862 as the Diocese of Bolivar (Latin: Dioecesis Bolivarensis) from territory of the Diocese of Cuenca. On 25 August 1955, it was renamed the Diocese of Riobamba.
On 28 April 2021, Pope Francis accepted the resignations of Bishop Julio Parrilla Díaz and of Coadjutor Bishop elect Gerardo Miguel Nieves Loja. The diocese had been the subject of charges of financial mismanagement and notable failures of priests to maintain their vows of celibacy. The former auxiliary bishop of Cuenca, Bolivar Piedra, was named Bishop on 21 September 2022.

## Bishops

Bishops of Bolivar
* José Ignacio Ordóñez (22 June 1866 – 1879)
* Arsenio Andrade (13 November 1884 – 1907)
* Andrés Machado, S.J. (16 November 1907 – 26 April 1916), appointed Bishop of Guayaquil
* Ulpiano Maria Perez y Quinones (7 December 1916 – 27 December 1918)
* Carlos María Javier de la Torre (21 August 1919 – 20 December 1926), appointed Bishop of Guayaquil; future Cardinal
* Alberto Maria Ordóñez Crespo (5 December 1930 – 7 January 1954)
* Leonidas Eduardo Proaño Villalba (18 March 1954 – 25 August 1955); see below
Bishops of Riobamba
* Leonidas Eduardo Proaño Villalba (25 August 1955 – 20 March 1985); see above
* Victor Alejandro Corral Mantilla (4 September 1987 – 28 February 2011)
* Julio Parrilla Díaz (12 January 2013 – 28 April 2021)
* Bolivar Piedra (21 September 2022 – present)

### Other priest of this diocese who became bishop

* Raúl Eduardo Vela Chiriboga, appointed Auxiliary Bishop of Guayaquil in 1972; later cardinal
# Slovak Philharmonic

The Slovak Philharmonic or Slovak State Philharmonic (Slovenská filharmónia) is a Slovak symphony orchestra based in Bratislava. Founded in 1949, the orchestra has resided since the 1950s in the Baroque-era Reduta Bratislava concert hall constructed in 1773.
The current chief conductor of the orchestra is Daniel Raiskin, since the start of the 2020–2021 season.

## Principal conductors

* Václav Talich (1949–1952)
* Ľudovít Rajter (1949–1952)
* Tibor Frešo (1952–1953)
* Ľudovít Rajter (1953–1976)
* Ladislav Slovák (1961–1981)
* Libor Pešek (1981–1982)
* Vladimir Verbitsky (1982–1984)
* Bystrík Režucha (1984–1989)
* Aldo Ceccato (1990–1991)
* Ondrej Lenárd (1991–2001)
* Jiří Bělohlávek (2003–2004)
* Vladimír Válek (2004–2007)
* Peter Feranec (2007–2009)
* Emmanuel Villaume (2009–2016)
* James Judd (2017–2020)
* Daniel Raiskin (2020–present)
# Mikhail Skopin-Shuisky

Prince Mikhail Vasiliyevich Skopin-Shuisky (Russian: Михаил Васильевич Скопин-Шуйский; 18 November [O.S. 8 November] 1586 – 3 May [O.S. 23 April] 1610) was a Russian statesman and military figure during the Time of Troubles. He was the last representative of a cadet branch of the Shuysky family.

## Life

Having lost his father, Vasili Feodorovich Skopin-Shuisky, at an early age, Mikhail Skopin-Shuisky was educated by his mother. During the reign (1598-1605) of Boris Godunov, he was appointed stolnik (tsar's assistant). False Dmitriy I made Mikhail his mechnik (sword carrier), and asked him personally to bring Marfa Ivanovna - mother of the future Tsar Mikhail I - to Moscow from exile. During the reign (1606-1610) of Tsar Vasili IV, Skopin-Shuisky became a close associate of his cousin, the Tsar.

## Military career

He began his military career in 1606 with the appearance of Ivan Bolotnikov, whom he would defeat twice, first near the Pakhra River with a small unit at his disposal (after Bolotnikov had crushed the Muscovite army led by Mstislavsky and other boyars) and then at Kotly. After the second defeat, Bolotnikov and his men fled to Tula. Skopin-Shuisky took an active part in a successful siege of Tula alongside the Muscovite army.
When False Dmitriy II appeared on the political horizon, Vasili IV decided to seek help from the Swedes and sent Skopin-Shuisky to Novgorod to negotiate with them. Despite some obstacles, Skopin-Shuisky managed to persuade the Swedes to help the Russian tsar.
On 14 April 1609, Skopin-Shuisky left Novgorod with 12,000 Swedish soldiers under the command of Jacob De la Gardie to save the Russian throne. Skopin-Shuisky captured Oreshek, Tver and Torzhok and cleared the north of the country from the enemies. He defeated Hetman Jan Piotrus Sapieha at Kalyazin and made him abandon the Siege of the Troitse-Sergiyeva Lavra.
Mikhail's actions were often impeded by lack of funding for the Swedish mercenaries and necessity to train his own army. Nevertheless, many supporters of False Dmitriy II chose to flee at the sight of Mikhail's army and this gained him a reputation of the saviour of the fatherland.
According to Chester Dunning, "In March 1610, Tsar Vasili's brilliant nephew Skopin-Shuiskii made a triumphal entry into the capital widely hailed as the hero who had ended the siege of Moscow and eliminated the longstanding threat posed by Tushino. Skopin-Shuiskii was by this time far more popular than Tsar Vasilii and was being secretly promoted by Prokofi Liapunov and others as the next tsar. Although Skopin-Shuiskii immediately rejected the radical idea of toppling his uncle, the paranoid tsar learned about his nephew's flirtation with treason."

## Death

Skopin-Shuiskii died mysteriously, less than a month after a private meeting with Tsar Vasili. According to Dunning, "Many people claimed that he had been poisoned by a jealous relative, either the tsar himself or his brother Dmitrii - who was, in fact, hoping to succeed the childless ruler some day. Few people believed the tsar sincerely mourned the loss of his nephew, and many suspected him of involvement in murder."
# Bilistiche

Bilistiche (Greek: Βιλιστίχη; born c. 280 BC) or Belistiche was a Hellenistic courtesan of Ptolemy II Philadelphus and winner of the 264 BC Olympic Games in tethrippon and synoris.

## Name

It is generally accepted that the name Bilistiche is a Macedonian dialectal form of a Greek name. The first element presumably relates to φιλ-, ‘love’; (the phi turns into beta in the Macedonian dialect, cf. Pherenice -> Berenice). The most probable full etymological account of her name accordingly construes it as the superlative stem φιλιστ- followed by the productive suffix -ίχα, found in a number of other female names, particularly in Boeotia (Doricha, Deinicha, Hippicha, etc.).

## Origin

According to Pausanias, Bilistiche was a woman from the coast of Macedonia; according to Athenaeus, she was an Argive (said to descend from the line of Atreus); according to Plutarch, a foreign slave bought from the marketplace. If one were to accept Plutarch's information, one might suppose that, as a (former) slave of such origin she was given Macedonian citizenship for her services, although this is considered unlikely.
Olivier Masson dismissed Plutarch's information as fiction concluding that Plutarch had drawn her from the existing entourage of the Macedonian nobility, as does Daniel Ogden, who notes that Plutarch's information probably originated from Sotades' work On Bilistiche whose contents are unknown, but may have been a polemic against her.

## Biography

Bilistiche was born around 280 BC. Her father was named Philon (cf. Athenian architect Philon) and was presumably an admiral of Ptolemy II Philadelphus. She won the tethrippon and synoris horse races in the 264 BC Olympic Games, and subsequently she became a mistress of Ptolemy II. They had a son together named Ptolemy Andromachou.

## Death

Her date of death is unknown. After her death, it is known that Ptolemy II deified her as Aphrodite Bilistiche. Fragmentary papyri from Ankyronpolis dated to 239/8 BC indicate that later in life she was a money lender. According to Clement of Alexandria, she was buried under the shrine of Sarapis in Alexandria.
# Tokat Gaziosmanpaşa University

Tokat Gaziosmanpaşa University (Turkish: Tokat Gaziosmanpaşa Üniversitesi) is a public university established in 1992 and primarily located in Tokat, Turkey. The university takes its name from the famous Turkish commander Gazi Osman Nuri Pasha, who was born in Tokat.

## Faculties

* Faculty of Agriculture
* Faculty of Arts and Sciences
* Faculty of Dentistry
* Faculty of Economics and Administrative Sciences
* Faculty of Education
* Faculty of Engineering and Architecture
* Faculty of Fine Arts
* Faculty of Health Sciences
* Faculty of Islamic Sciences
* Faculty of Law
* Faculty of Medicine
* Faculty of Pharmacy
* Faculty of Sport Sciences

## Graduate institutes

* Institute for Graduate Studies in Pure and Applied Sciences
* Institute of Social Sciences
* Institute of Health Sciences

## Vocational colleges of higher education

* Vocational College of Physical Education
* Vocational School of Health Services
* Vocational School of Foreign Languages
* Zile Dinçerler Vocational School of Tourism and Hotel Management
* Tokat Vocational College
* Almus Vocational College
* Artova Vocational College
* Erbaa Vocational College
* Niksar Vocational College
* Reşadiye Vocational College
* Turhal Vocational College
* Zile Vocational College
* Koyulhisar Vocational College
* Erbaa Vocational School of Health Services
* Turhal Vocational School of Health Services

## University governance

The present rector of Tokat Gaziosmanpasha University is Prof. Fatih Yılmaz. University has two vice Rectors. Names of vice Rectors are Prof. Mücahit Eğri and Prof. Rasim Koçyiğit.

## Notable alumni

* Sibel Özkan, Turkish weightlifter

## Gallery

* Faculty of Arts and Sciences
* Rectorate
* Dining halls
# Rovnoye, Belgorod Oblast

Rovnoye (Russian: Ровное) is a rural locality (a settlement) in Valuysky District, Belgorod Oblast, Russia. The population was 212 as of 2010. There are 6 streets.

## Geography

Rovnoye is located 15 km southeast of Valuyki (the district's administrative centre) by road. Zenino is the nearest rural locality.
# Grandson District

Grandson was a district of the Canton of Vaud in Switzerland. The seat of the district was the town of Grandson.
On 1 September 2006 the district was dissolved and all the municipalities joined the new Jura-North Vaudois District (French: District du Jura-Nord vaudois).

## Municipalities

* Bonvillars
* Bullet
* Champagne
* Concise
* Corcelles-près-Concise
* Fiez
* Fontaines-sur-Grandson
* Fontanezier
* Giez
* Grandevent
* Grandson
* Mauborget
* Mutrux
* Novalles
* Onnens
* Provence
* Romairon
* Sainte-Croix
* Vaugondry
* Villars-Burquin
# Ciocârlia, Constanța

Ciocârlia is a commune in Constanța County, Northern Dobruja, Romania. The commune includes two villages:
* Ciocârlia (historical names: Ciocârlia de Jos until 1968, Biulbiul-Mic, Turkish: Küçük Bülbül)
* Ciocârlia de Sus (historical names: Biulbiul-Mare, Turkish: Büyük Bülbül)

## Demographics

At the 2011 census, Ciocârlia had 2,795 Romanians (87.73%), 91 Turks (2.86%), 292 Tatars (9.17%), 8 others (0.25%).

## Natives

* Yusuf Isa Halim
# Vishnyovy

Vishnyovy (Russian: Вишнёвый) is a rural locality (a settlement) in Akhtubinsky Selsoviet, Krasnoyarsky District, Astrakhan Oblast, Russia. The population was 445 as of 2010. There are 4 streets.

## Geography

Vishnyovy is located on the Akhtuba River, 60 km northwest of Krasny Yar (the district's administrative centre) by road. Bakharevsky is the nearest rural locality.
# Elsloo, Friesland

Elsloo (West Frisian: Elslo) is a village consisting of around 600 inhabitants in the municipality of Ooststellingwerf in the east of Friesland in the Netherlands.
The hamlets considered part of the village are Tronde and Canada.

## History

The village was first mentioned in 1002 as Elisla. The etymology is unclear. Elsloo developed as a road village. The monastery Lux Mundi used to be near Elsloo. It was destroyed in the 16th century, and its exact location is unknown. The Dutch Reformed church dates from 1913, and is a replacement of a 1632 predecessor. In 1987, a double belfry has been added to the church. In 1840, it was home to 239 people.

## Gallery

* Tjasker Vesuvius
* Landscape
* Sunset in Elsloo
* Welcome to Elsloo
# Urdu Ki Aakhri Kitab

Urdu Ki Aakhri Kitab (Urdu: اردو کی آخری کتاب) is a 1971 Urdu comic and satirical book by Ibn-e-Insha. It is a parody of Muhammad Hussain Azad's textbook "Urdu Ki Pehli Kitab". The Dawn newspaper included Urdu Ki Aakhri Kitab in its list of the best 100 Urdu books of all times.

## Synopsis

Urdu Ki Aakhri Kitab is a parody of our Urdu textbooks and the author mentions "Unsanctioned by the textbook board" on its cover. The book makes funny descriptions of grammar, mathematics, geography, history, etc.
# Karantrav

Karantrav (Russian: Карантрав; Bashkir: Ҡаранторау, Qarantoraw) is a rural locality (a selo) in Urgalinsky Selsoviet, Belokataysky District, Bashkortostan, Russia. The population was 264 as of 2010. There are 4 streets.

## Geography

Karantrav is located 23 km southeast of Novobelokatay (the district's administrative centre) by road. Urakovo is the nearest rural locality.
# Zeytin-Kosh

Zeytin-Kosh is a mountain in Crimea and the third highest mountain in the Crimean Mountains. Its height stands at 1,537 metres (5,043 ft) above sea level.

## Etymology

The name of the mountain is of Crimean Tatar origin and literally means "olive kosh" (zeytün or in the southern coast dialect zeytin - "olive, olive tree"; qoş - "koshara, sheepfold").
# Roman Catholic Diocese of Balsas

The Roman Catholic Diocese of Balsas (Latin: Dioecesis Balsensis) is a diocese located in the city of Balsas in the ecclesiastical province of São Luís do Maranhão in Brazil.

## History

* 20 December 1954: Established as Territorial Prelature of Santo Antônio de Balsas from the Diocese of Caxias do Maranhão
* 26 October 1981: Promoted as Diocese of Balsas

## Bishops
### Prelates of Santo Antônio de Balsas

* Diego Parodi, M.C.C.I. (1959.05.09 – 1966)
* Rino Carlesi, M.C.C.I. (1967.01.12 1981.10.25)

### Bishops of Balsas

* Rino Carlesi, M.C.C.I. (1981.10.25 – 1998.04.15)
* Gianfranco Masserdotti, M.C.C.I. (1998.04.15 – 2006.09.17)
** Coadjutor bishop 1995–1998
* Enemésio Ângelo Lazzaris, F.D.P. (2007.12.12 – 2020.02.02)
* Valentim Fagundes de Meneses, M.S.C. (2020.07.29 – present)

### Other priest of this diocese who became bishop

* Sebastião Bandeira Coêlho, appointed Auxiliary Bishop of Manaus, Amazonas in 2004
# Lemmenjoki (river)

The Lemmenjoki (Finnish: Lemmenjoki, Northern Sami: Leammi) is a river in the northern part of the Finnish province of Lapland. Some 80 kilometres (50 mi) long, it flows from Nautajänkä, via Lake Paatari, terminating in Lake Inari.
The name of the river comes from the Sami word "Leammijohka", meaning "warm river" or "the river of love". Due to an erroneous folk etymology, the form Lemmenjoki is often associated with the Finnish word lempi (genitive form lemmen), meaning "love".
The Lemmenjoki National Park derives its name from the river.
# Mersin Marathon

The Mersin Marathon (Turkish: Mersin Maratonu) is an annual road running event over the marathon distance, which is held in December in Mersin in Mersin Province Turkey. The event also features a 15-kilometre race.
Mersin Marathon was established in 2015 and it is hosted by the Mersin Metropolitan Municipality.

## Past winners

Key:  Course record
| Edition | Year | Men's winner | Time (h:m:s) | Women's winner | Time (h:m:s) |
| 1st | 2015 | Sulti Gure (ETH) | 2:26:54 | Svetlana Șepelev-Tcaci (MDA) | 3:09:06 |
| 2nd | 2016 | Moses Too (KEN) | 2:14:27 | Jedidah Karungu (KEN) | 2:40:54 |
| 3rd | 2017 | Hassane Ahouchar (MAR) | 2:11:21 | Truphena Chepchirchir (KEN) | 2:28:47 |
| 4th | 2018 | Kenneth Kiplagat (KEN) | 2:10:12 | Biruk Tilahun (ETH) | 2:33:18 |
# Maccabi Kfar Saba F.C. (women)

Maccabi Kfar Saba (Hebrew: מכבי כפר סבא) was an Israeli women's football club from Kfar Saba competing in the Israeli Second League and the Israeli Women's Cup.

## History

The club was established in 2011 and entered the league's second division in 2012. The club finished as runners-up in its first season, and wasn't promoted to the top division. The next season the club qualified to the promotion group of the league, but finished third.
In the cup, the club's passed the first round in its first attempt, beating F.C. Kiryat Gat 2–1 in 2011–12, before losing 1–4 to Hapoel Be'er Sheva in the quarter-finals. Since then the club didn't manage to advance past the first round. The club also competed in the Second Division League Cup, in which it didn't manage to win a match.
At the end of the 2015–16 season the football team moved its activities to Hapoel Kfar Saba, with most of the players and staff continuing in the new club, which was registered to play in the second division.
# Family Demolition

Family Demolition (French: La démolition familiale) is a Canadian documentary film, directed by Patrick Damien-Roy and released in 2015. The film profiles Christopher and Marika, two teenage cousins from Bellechasse, Quebec, who are both involved in the sport of demolition derby.
The film premiered on September 19, 2015, at the Quebec City Film Festival, where it won the Public Award for Best Feature Film and the Prix Jury Cinéphile for Best First Film.
Catherine Legault won the Prix Iris for Best Editing in a Documentary at the 19th Quebec Cinema Awards in 2017.
# Boval Hut

The Boval Hut (Romansh: Chamanna da Boval, German: Bovalhütte) is a refuge in the Alps in Switzerland. It lies at the foot of Piz Morteratsch and Piz Bernina, above the Morteratsch Glacier.
46°24′55″N 9°55′30″E﻿ / ﻿46.41528°N 9.92500°E﻿ / 46.41528; 9.92500
* This article about a Swiss building or structure is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
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# Orte Cathedral

Orte Cathedral or the Basilica of Santa Maria Assunta, Orte (Italian: Duomo di Orte; Basilica Concattedrale di Santa Maria Assunta), is the main Roman Catholic church of Orte, located in front of the Piazza della Libertà, in the province of Viterbo, region of Lazio, Italy. It is dedicated to the Assumption of the Virgin Mary. It was the episcopal seat of the bishops of Orte, which in 1437 was united aeque principaliter with the diocese of Civita Castellana, and merged into it in 1986; it is now a co-cathedral. It is an immemorial minor basilica.

## History

A church existed on the site by the 9th century. By the 18th century, despite some refurbishments, it was in need of reconstruction. In 1721, the church was reconsecrated after bring rebuilt by the architects Castrachini and Bizzacchero, maintaining the same layout, with a nave in a late-Baroque style. The single nave is flanked by solid rows of pilasters leading to a crossing topped by a small dome, and a semicircular apse. The white marble west front with decorative volutes was added in 1898 - 1901.
The interior is notable for a main altarpiece of the Virgin in Glory and Holy Martyrs (1752) by Giuseppe Bottani. The pipe organ, recently restored by Wijwand Van der Pol, has elements from a previous organ made by Domenico Bevenuti in 1582 and Domenico Densi in 1721.
# Lenore Muraoka

Lenore Muraoka Rittenhouse (born December 12, 1955) is an American professional golfer who played on the LPGA Tour. She played under her maiden name, Lenore Muraoka, until her marriage in 1987, and then under her married name, Lenore Rittenhouse.
Muraoka won once on the LPGA Tour in 1983.
Muraoka Rittenhouse was inducted into the Hawaii Sports Hall of Fame in 2010.

## Professional wins
### LPGA Tour wins (1)

| No. | Date | Tournament | Winning score | Margin of victory | Runners-up |
| 1 | May 15, 1983 | United Virginia Bank Classic | −4 (70-73-69=212) | 3 strokes | Stephanie Farwig Debbie Massey Alice Miller |
LPGA Tour playoff record (0–1)
| No. | Year | Tournament | Opponent | Result |
| 1 | 1990 | Boston Five Classic | Barb Mucha | Lost to birdie on second extra hole |
# Pniewnik

Pniewnik is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Korytnica, within Węgrów County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately 14 kilometres (9 mi) west of Węgrów, and approximately 59 km (37 mi) east of Warsaw.
# Have You Seen Tom Thumb?

Have You Seen Tom Thumb? is a biography of General Tom Thumb written for children by Mabel Leigh Hunt. It tells the story of Charles Sherwood Stratton, a charming and humorous dwarf who traveled all over the world with the showman P. T. Barnum. The book, illustrated by Fritz Eichenberg, was first published in 1942 and was a Newbery Honor recipient in 1943.