OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Nice (Unix)

nice is a program found on Unix and Unix-like operating systems such as Linux. It directly maps to a kernel call of the same name. nice is used to invoke a utility or shell script with a particular CPU priority, thus giving the process more or less CPU time than other processes. A niceness of -20 is the lowest niceness, or highest priority. The default niceness for processes is inherited from its parent process and is usually 0.
Systems have diverged on what priority is the lowest. Linux systems document a niceness of 19 as the lowest priority, BSD systems document 20 as the lowest priority. In both cases, the "lowest" priority is documented as running only when nothing else wants to.

## Etymology

Niceness value is a number attached to processes in *nix systems, that is used along with other data (such as the amount of I/O done by each process) by the kernel process scheduler to calculate a process' 'true priority'—which is used to decide how much CPU time is allocated to it.
The program's name, nice, is an allusion to its task of modifying a process' niceness value.
The term niceness itself originates from the idea that a process with a higher niceness value is nicer to other processes in the system and to users by virtue of demanding less CPU power—freeing up processing time and power for the more demanding programs, who would in this case be less nice to the system from a CPU usage perspective.

## Use and effect

nice becomes useful when several processes are demanding more resources than the CPU can provide. In this state, a higher-priority process will get a larger chunk of the CPU time than a lower-priority process. Only the superuser (root) may set the niceness to a lower value (i.e. a higher priority). On Linux it is possible to change /etc/security/limits.conf to allow other users or groups to set low nice values.
If a user wanted to compress a large file without slowing down other processes, they might run the following:
The exact mathematical effect of setting a particular niceness value for a process depends on the details of how the scheduler is designed on that implementation of Unix. A particular operating system's scheduler will also have various heuristics built into it (e.g. to favor processes that are mostly I/O-bound over processes that are CPU-bound). As a simple example, when two otherwise identical CPU-bound processes are running simultaneously on a single-CPU Linux system, each one's share of the CPU time will be proportional to 20 − p, where p is the process' priority. Thus a process, run with nice +15, will receive 25% of the CPU time allocated to a normal-priority process: (20 − 15)/(20 − 0) = 0.25. On the BSD 4.x scheduler, on the other hand, the ratio in the same example is about ten to one.

## Similar commands

The related renice program can be used to change the priority of a process that is already running.
Linux also has an ionice program, which affects scheduling of I/O rather than CPU time.
# Ouides

Ouides (French pronunciation:; Occitan: Oides) is a commune in the Haute-Loire department in south-central France.
# Nava Barak-Singer

Nava Barak-Singer (Hebrew: נאוה ברק-זינגר; née Cohen; April 8, 1947) is an Israeli educator and social activist. She was the wife of Ehud Barak between 1969 and 2003 and thus the spouse of the prime minister of Israel between 1999 and 2001.

## Biography

Nava Cohen was born in Tiberias. Her father was the manager of a branch of Bank Leumi and her mother worked for the Jewish Agency. She served in the Israel Defense Forces as a member of the Intelligence Corps.
In the winter of 1968, while studying English and Arabic literature at the Hebrew University, she met her future husband, Ehud Brug, later Barak, in one of the university's libraries; Brug, a major in the IDF, was a student of mathematics and physics. After graduating with a BA, she obtained a position as an English teacher at a middle school in Kfar Saba.
The wedding of Nava Cohen and Ehud Barak took place on March 25, 1969 at the Ginaton Hotel in Tiberias. The newlyweds made their first home in Kiryat Hayovel in Jerusalem.

## Spouse of the prime minister of Israel

During Ehud Barak's time as Israeli Prime Minister (1999–2001), Nava Barak chose not to hold any official public role, instead undertaking voluntary work in the youth sector. The organizations in which she served included the Elem Association for Youth at Risk; the network of Hafuch al Hafuch cafes that gave young people opportunities to meet professionals; a project supporting the teaching of healthy interpersonal relationships in schools; and the Supervision Patrol Project, which aimed to identify young people whose behaviour on the streets gave cause for concern. Other organizations that she helped were the Israel Cancer Association, the Israel AIDS Task force, the Tel Hashomer Hospital, the Rabin Medical Center and the Association for Children with Down Syndrome. Following an attack on a children's bus in Kfar Darom, she raised money for a fund that had been created to help the injured.

## Private life

The Baraks had three daughters. In 2003, after 34 years of marriage, they separated. On July 7, 2009, Nava Barak married the businessman Shalom Singer.
Barak-Singer is currently employed as the president of the Elem Association and serves as the (unpaid) president of the Friends of the Rabin Medical Center Association.
# 3 Kings (jazz trio)

The 3 Kings was a jazz trio, also known as the Three Blind Mice, as they wore dark glasses. They were formed at Hot Springs High School by future US President Bill Clinton on tenor saxophone, Randy Goodrum on piano and Joe Newman alternating with Mike Hardgraves on drums. They played in the school auditorium, the Quapaw Community Center and at the YMCA and YWCA, where high school teenagers would dance. Their advertising slogan was "swing pretty hard with some cool jazz".
According to Goodrum, who became a professional pianist, the band was influenced by Stan Getz, and covered some of his bossa nova records. They also performed a variety of blues, jazz and pop songs. He recalls that the band played together for about two years beginning in 1963, "mostly for community events and variety shows".
# National Salvation Front (Benin)

The National Salvation Front (French: Front National du Salut) was a political party in Benin.

## History

The FNS joined the Chameleon Alliance to contest the 1995 parliamentary elections. The alliance received 1.5% of the vote, winning a single seat.
Prior to the 1999 elections the party joined the UDES Alliance alongside the Democratic Union for Economic and Social Development, the Bloc for Social Democracy, the MCP and CND. The alliance failed to win a seat after receiving 0.8% of the vote.
# Gräfenberg Railway

The Gräfenberg Railway (German: Gräfenbergbahn) is the railway line from the Nuremberg Nordost station via Heroldsberg, Kalchreuth and Eschenau to Gräfenberg. It is a successful reference project for the revitalisation of railway lines threatened with closure.

## Services

Passenger services are operated by DB Regio. They are in integrated into the Nuremberg Regional Transport Association (Verkehrsverbund Großraum Nuremberg) and designated as line R 21.

## Future

An electrification of this line has variously been debated as has been extending passenger service along the Nuremberg Ringbahn. There have also been calls for additional stops in the northern Nuremberg boroughs of Ziegelstein and Buchenbühl which had had stops in the past.

## Gallery

* Nürnberg Nordost station (2021)
* Eschenau station (2001)
* BR 290 at Nürnberg Nordost (1990)
* Arch bridge in Heroldsberg, built 1908
* Former locomotive shed in Eschenau
# Derakht-e Senjed, Torbat-e Heydarieh

Derakht-e Senjed (Persian: درخت سنجد) is a village in Bala Rokh Rural District, Jolgeh Rokh District, Torbat-e Heydarieh County, Razavi Khorasan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 679, in 117 families.
# Alsace-Lorraine Party

The Alsace-Lorraine Party (German: Elsass-Lothringen Partei; also known as Elsässer) was a political party in the German Empire.

## History

The party first contested national elections in 1874, winning 15 seats. It went on to win 15 seats in every election until 1890, when it was reduced to 10 seats. As more Alsatians emigrated to France, the party's support declined, and it never won more than 10 seats following the 1890 elections. When Alsace-Lorraine was returned to France after World War I, the party disappeared.

## Ideology

The party represented the autonomist views of the French-speaking population of Alsace-Lorraine. It protested against the German government's policies on Alsace-Lorraine, Catholics and other ethnic minorities, and was frequently allied with the Danish Party, the German-Hanoverian Party and the Polish Party.
# Peasants' Party of Italy

The Peasants' Party of Italy (Italian: Partito dei Contadini d'Italia) was a small political party in Italy founded in 1920 by Urbano Prunotto and Giacomo Scotti.

## History

Starting from left-wing agrarian and Christian leftist ideas, the party moved onto an independent ideological position, with the sole goal to defend the small farmers against major landowners. Its symbol was several ears of corn between two bunches of grapes, and its newspaper was called La Voce del Contadino ('The Peasant's Voice'). The party, founded in Piedmont, was never able to rise on a national plan, being limited to the Po Valley.
The party participated in the 1924 general election, where it elected 4 deputies, before being forcibly disbanded by the National Fascist Party government. After the war, the party was re-built by Alessandro Scotti, who was elected the party's sole deputy in 1946 general election, and 1948 general elections. However, the Christian Democracy had strongly taken the representation of the agrarian interests, and the party was consequently marginalised. It survived on the local level, but eventually disbanded and in 1963 merged with the Italian Republican Party.

## Election results
### Chamber of Deputies

| Election | Votes | % | Seats | +/− | Leader |
| 1924 | 73,569 (11th) | 1.03 | 4 / 535 | – | Urbano Prunotto Giacomo Scotti |
| 1929 | banned | – | 0 / 400 | 4 | – |
| 1934 | banned | – | 0 / 400 | – | – |
| 1946 | 102,393 (10th) | 0.44 | 1 / 556 | 1 | Alessandro Scotti |
| 1948 | 95,914 (9th) | 0.37 | 1 / 574 | – | Alessandro Scotti |
| 1953 | into PNM | – | 1 / 590 | – | Alessandro Scotti |
| 1958 | into MC | – | 0 / 596 | 1 | Giacomo Boeris |

### Senate

| Election | Votes | % | Seats | +/− | Leader |
| 1948 | 65,986 (10th) | 0.29 | 0 / 237 | – | Alessandro Scotti |
| 1953 | into PNM | – | 0 / 237 | – | Alessandro Scotti |
| 1958 | into MC | – | 0 / 246 | – | Giacomo Boeris |
# DWLA

DWLA may refer to the Philippine broadcast stations:
* DWLA-FM (105.9 FM), an FM radio station broadcasting in Metro Manila, branded as True FM
* DWLA-TV (channel 12), a television station broadcasting in Legazpi, Albay, branded as GMA TV-12 Legazpi
# Riva-Agüero Institute

The Riva-Agüero Institute (Spanish: Instituto Riva-Agüero, IRA) is an institute created in 1947 by the Pontifical Catholic University of Peru, named after its benefactor, José de la Riva-Agüero y Osma. Located in the Casona Riva-Agüero of the historic centre of Lima, where Riva-Agüero lived until his dath, it serves a research centre for the human sciences that in 1955 reached the category of "School of Higher Studies" (Spanish: Escuela de Altos Estudios). It is divided into six research sections: Archaeology, Law, Ethnology, philosophy, Language and Literature, and History.

## History

The institute was founded three years after the death of Peruvian intellectual and politician José de la Riva-Agüero y Osma: the Pontifical Catholic University of Peru (PUCP), an institution to which he bequeathed his assets, welcomed an initiative by his friends and acquaintances to continue his life's work, agreeing to the institute's creation in October 1946 and formally founding it in a ceremony at his home at Lártiga Street that took place on May 18, 1947. As part of the ceremony, Nuncio Luigi Arrigoni celebrated mass on the same day.

## Headquarters

The IRA operates in two historic buildings owned by the PUCP located in the centre of Lima: the Casona Riva-Agüero (headquarters) and the Casona O'Higgins.

### Casona Riva-Agüero

The Casona Riva-Agüero, also known as the Casa Ramírez de Arellano, was built in 1760 by the Spanish colonel Domingo Ramírez de Arellano y Martínez de Tejada, to be used as a family home by him and his descendants. It is considered one of the main attractions of the historic centre of Lima and one of the best preserved ancient buildings in the city. It was owned by the Marquises of Montealegre de Aulestia and donated to the PUCP by the last of his descendants: José de la Riva-Agüero y Osma. In addition to classrooms and offices, there is a library, a historical archive known as the Riva-Agüero Historical Archive (Spanish: Archivo Histórico Riva-Agüero), and the Museum of Popular Arts and Traditions. The archive houses the documents inherited by Riva-Agüero from his ancestors, as well as those produced during his lifetime.

### Casona O'Higgins

The original construction of the Casona O'Higgins dates back to the beginning of the 16th century. The construction was modified over time depending on the use given to the property. The Chilean hero Bernardo O'Higgins spent his adolescence in the building, during the government of his father: Ambrosio O'Higgins, viceroy of Peru. In 1830, during his exile, he rented the house, which he occupied with his family until his death in 1842. The house became property of the PUCP as part of the legacy left by Riva-Agüero. The archeology section and the Josefina Ramos de Cox museum operate there.
# Maisonnais-sur-Tardoire

Maisonnais-sur-Tardoire (French pronunciation:, literally Maisonnais on Tardoire; Occitan: Maisonès) is a commune in the Haute-Vienne department in the Nouvelle-Aquitaine region in west-central France.

## Tourism

It is a pretty little village with a sixteenth-century church that has a square steeple. It also has a village shop, a school, a town hall, a small post office and a cemetery.
It is 6 kilometres from the nearest small town, Saint-Mathieu which has a variety of shops and bars and a tennis court, as well as a swimming lake.
It is central to three capital cities, Angoulème the capital of the Charente, with its famous cartoon museum; Limoges the capital of the Limousin, famous for its history of porcelain manufacture and Périgueux the capital of the Périgord.
# Murg (Baden) station

Murg (Baden) station (German: Bahnhof Murg (Baden)) is a railway station in the town of Murg (Baden), Baden-Württemberg, Germany. The station lies on the High Rhine Railway and the train services are operated by Deutsche Bahn.

## Services

As of the December 2023 timetable change, the following services stop at Murg (Baden):
| Connection | Line | Frequency | Operator |
| RB 3 | Basel Bad Bf – Rheinfelden (Baden) – Murg (Baden) – Bad Säckingen – Schaffhausen – Singen – Überlingen – Friedrichshafen Stadt | individual services | DB Regio Baden-Württemberg |
| RB30 | Basel Bad Bf – Rheinfelden (Baden) – Murg (Baden) – Laufenburg – Waldshut – Lauchringen (– Erzingen) | 30 min | DB Regio Baden-Württemberg |
# North Walsham R.F.C.

North Walsham R.F.C. is a rugby union club representing the market town of North Walsham in Norfolk. Between 1990 and 2008 the club competed in National Division Three South, making it Norfolk's only national League rugby team, but the team was relegated to London Division One for the 2008–09 season after a defeat against Lydney on 19 April 2008. They currently play in National League 2 East.

## Current standings

2023–24 National League 2 East table :
| Pos | Teamvte | Pld | W | D | L | PF | PA | PD | TB | LB | Pts | Result |
| 1 | Esher (C) | 26 | 22 | 0 | 4 | 1108 | 598 | +510 | 21 | 4 | 113 | Promoted |
| 2 | Barnes | 26 | 21 | 0 | 5 | 883 | 631 | +252 | 18 | 4 | 106 | |
| 3 | Dorking | 26 | 19 | 1 | 6 | 971 | 676 | +295 | 23 | 3 | 104 | |
| 4 | Henley Hawks | 26 | 16 | 2 | 8 | 784 | 680 | +104 | 19 | 2 | 89 | |
| 5 | Tonbridge Juddians | 26 | 14 | 1 | 11 | 844 | 714 | +130 | 20 | 7 | 85 | |
| 6 | Bury St Edmunds | 26 | 14 | 1 | 11 | 813 | 653 | +160 | 17 | 6 | 81 | |
| 7 | Canterbury | 26 | 13 | 0 | 13 | 808 | 736 | +72 | 16 | 5 | 73 | |
| 8 | Old Albanian | 26 | 12 | 0 | 14 | 802 | 828 | −26 | 17 | 4 | 69 | |
| 9 | Westcombe Park | 26 | 10 | 2 | 14 | 735 | 741 | −6 | 16 | 9 | 69 | |
| 10 | Guernsey Raiders | 26 | 11 | 0 | 15 | 685 | 856 | −171 | 16 | 2 | 62 | |
| 11 | Sevenoaks | 26 | 11 | 1 | 14 | 605 | 724 | −119 | 10 | 4 | 60 | |
| 12 | Worthing Raiders | 26 | 7 | 0 | 19 | 761 | 963 | −202 | 18 | 5 | 51 | |
| 13 | Wimbledon (R) | 26 | 6 | 1 | 19 | 686 | 899 | −213 | 13 | 5 | 44 | Relegated |
| 14 | North Walsham (R) | 26 | 1 | 1 | 24 | 432 | 1218 | −786 | 6 | 0 | 12 | Relegated |
* Number of matches won
* Difference between points for and against
* Total number of points for
* Aggregate number of points scored in matches between tied teams
* Number of matches won excluding the first match, then the second and so on until the tie is settled (C) Champion; (R) Relegated

## Honours

1st team:
* London 1 North champions (2): 1987–88, 2019–20
* London Division 2 North East champions: 2012–13
2nd team:
* Eastern Counties Greene King Division 3 North champions: 2015–16

## Notable former players

* Ben Pienaar
* Calum Green
* Jacques Potgieter
* Toby Salmon
* Jack van Poortvliet

## Notable former internationals

* Ben Youngs
* Tom Youngs

## Teams

Minis: Boys and Girls play together: U6 U7 U8 U9 U10 U11
Youth: U11 U12 U13 U14 U15 U16 U17 Colts
Girls: U12 (Yrs 6, 7) U14 (Yrs 8, 9) U16 (Yrs 10, 11) U18 (Yrs 12, 13)
# Montgaillard, Tarn-et-Garonne

Montgaillard (French pronunciation: ; Occitan: Montgalhard) is a commune in the Tarn-et-Garonne department in the Occitanie region in southern France.
# Bitsch

Bitsch is a surname of German origin. Notable people with the surname include:
* Emil Bitsch (1916–1944), German Luftwaffe flying ace
* Jana Bitsch Messerschidt (born 1990), German karateka
* Marcel Bitsch (1921–2011), French composer
* Noah Bitsch (born 1989), German karateka
# The Life to Come (novel)

The Life to Come is a novel by Michelle de Kretser.
The novel switches points of view between five loosely connected characters, all Australians. Sydney is the primary location of the novel's vignettes, but some take place in other parts of Australia, or in Paris, Sri Lanka, and other International locations.
In his review in The Guardian's Marcel Theroux wrote "The book is replete with examples of important things being forgotten, suppressed or misunderstood."
The New York Times review remarked on the satirical nature of the novel, and the pretentiousness of the characters' obsession with exotic food, with one character explaining privileged Australians are obsessed with food “Because they live in a country of no importance.”
In a review in The Financial Times Boyd Tonkin wrote "De Kretser writes about the aura and texture of places with breath-stopping virtuosity. 'Briny and fumy', her Sydney appears 'regulated and hygienic' but remains 'voluptuously receptive to chaos and filth'.
# Kasanzi attack

On August 28, 2021, jihadists from the Allied Democratic Forces (also known as the Islamic State - Central Africa Province, ISCAP) attacked the village of Kasanzi, Beni Territory, North Kivu, Democratic Republic of the Congo. Nineteen civilians were killed in the massacre, and the attack was part of a larger spree by ISCAP against villages in Beni Territory.

## Background

The Allied Democratic Forces (ADF) was founded in Uganda in the 1990s, gaining prominence as an Islamist rebel group and conducting deadly attacks on civilians in the early 2010s. The group pledged bay'ah to the Islamic State in 2019 and began carrying out its first attacks under the ISCAP moniker months later. Beginning in 2021, the ADF carried out dozens of deadly massacres against villages in North Kivu, attacking villagers along ethnic and religious lines.

## Attack

During the massacre, the ADF jihadists looted and burned homes in the village of Kasanzi near Virunga National Park. Congolese authorities stated that the attackers used machetes and guns to attack the populace. Civilian groups stated that there were no Congolese soldiers stationed nearby to prevent the attack. Initial reports stated that five bodies were found in the village and thirteen houses were torched and looted. The next day, searches by authorities and the Red Cross discovered fourteen more bodies in fields surrounding the village. Others had been killed returning or fleeing from the village.
Congolese authorities attributed the attack to the ADF/ISCAP, although the group did not claim responsibility.
# Muammer Güler

Muammer Güler (born 21 March 1949) is a Turkish Mhallami politician. He is a member of parliament from the Justice and Development Party (AKP). He was formerly the Governor of Istanbul Province and the Minister of the Interior under Prime Minister Recep Tayyip Erdoğan's government.

## Biography

Güler was born in Mardin, Turkey. He completed his primary education in Ankara and graduated from the Faculty of Law at the University of Ankara in 1972. Güler began his career as candidate District Governor on 14 March 1973 in Balıkesir. After taking post as Deputy District Governor of Çal in Denizli Province and then District Governor of Pehlivanköy in Kırklareli Province and Horasan in Erzurum Province, he was assigned to the Directorate of Personnel Branch at the Ministry of Interior, where he served as Branch Director and later as Director General.
On 16 September 1993 he was appointed governor of Niğde Province. From 29 January 1992 on he was the governor of Kayseri Province. After serving as governor of Gaziantep Province between 6 July 1994 and 28 July 2000, Güler moved to Samsun Province as governor. Starting 17 February 2003 he served as the governor of Istanbul Province. On 12 May 2010 Güler began the position of MOI Undersecretary for Security and Public Order. On 24 January 2013, he was appointed minister of interior, replacing İdris Naim Şahin in the post.
He is married to Neval Güler, a retired math teacher, since 1977. They have a son, Barış Güler, and a daughter.
Some of his critics have dubbed him "Chemical Muammer" (Turkish: Kimyasal Muammer), comparing him with "Chemical Ali". Among his other nicknames are "Neckless Muammer" (Turkish: Boyunsuz Muammer), "Neckless Muammer Pasha" (Turkish: Boyunsuz Muammer Paşa), and "Neckless Muammer Pasha, Governor of Dersaadet" (Turkish: Dersaadet Valisi Boyunsuz Muammer Paşa).

## 2013 corruption scandal

On 17 December 2013, his son Barış Güler was arrested as a consequence of a corruption operation. Muammer Güler resigned as Minister of the Interior amid the scandal on 25 December together with Minister of Economy Zafer Çağlayan and Minister of Environment and Urban Planning Erdoğan Bayraktar, both of whose own sons were also involved in the scandal.
# Vanessa Greene

Vanessa Greene (September 15, 1954 – December 13, 2017) was a TV producer. She served as a producer or executive producer on several made-for-television films, including Stolen Women: Captured Hearts (1997) starring Janine Turner, Monday After the Miracle (1998) starring Roma Downey, Under the Influence (1986) starring Andy Griffith, and Wait Till Your Mother Gets Home! (1983) starring Paul Michael Glaser. She also co-wrote the teleplay for the Star Trek: The Next Generation episode "The Loss" with Alan J. Adler.
She married British director David Greene in 1975. They divorced in 1981.

## Selected filmography

* Murder at 75 Birch (1998) TV movie, producer
* Before He Wakes (1998) TV movie, supervising producer
* Our Son, the Matchmaker (1996) TV movie, co-executive producer
* Nothing Lasts Forever (1995) TV miniseries, producer
* Search for Grace (1994) TV movie, producer
* With Hostile Intent (1993) TV movie, producer
* Deadly Desire (1991) TV movie, producer
* Secret Witness (1988) TV movie, producer