OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Holy Saviour's monastery of Yerazgavors

Yerazgavorsi Surb Amenaprkitchi Vank (Holy Saviour of All) (Armenian: Երազցավորսի Սբ. Ամենափրկչի վանք) is an Armenian monastery in the village of Çetindurak (previously called Başsüregel) in the Kars Province of present-day Turkey. This corresponds to the Shirakavan settlement of Historical Armenia, also known by its older name of Yerazgavors, developed into a small town in the mid-ninth century AD. It was located about 25 km Northeast of Ani, the capital of the medieval Bagratid (Bagratuni) Armenian Kingdom.

## History

S. Amenaprkitch was commissioned by the Bagratid King Smbat I in Yerazgavors (Shirakashat) town in Shirak district of Historical Armenia's Ayrarat region. The date of construction started was probably after 892 (the year of Smbat's coronation) and 893 (when an earthquake is known to have struck the town). Catholicos Yovhanness wrote in his "History of Armenia" that the church in Shirakawan was consecrated shortly after his elevation to the patriarchal throne (which took place in 897/898), and that it was located near the royal palace. Monastery was sacked by the Seljuk Turks in the 1060s but was rebuilt during the Zakarid period at the end of the 12th century. An inscription on its walls mentioned that restoration work was undertaken between 1072 and 1081. At a later date the church was converted into a fortified tower. During this conversion the eastern niches and many of the windows were filled in, and the corners of the church were heightened. An external staircase was also added at the northern end of the west façade. The dome of the church had collapsed by the 19th century. Nikolai Marr noted the remains of the polygonal drum of the original dome. That dome had collapsed at a distant period and had been replaced by a conical dome with a smaller diameter. The replacement dome had also mostly collapsed and had been replaced by a covering of wooden beams that were, by 1913, rotten and about to fail. Marr wrote that in 1913 the building was undergoing repairs and was being converted into the village's parish church. He mentions that during those repairs the villagers had dug up many architectural fragments, but none had been recorded and most had just been reused in new buildings. He also mentions "two magnificent capitals" that had been recovered by the villagers and were now stored inside the church.
# Izvornik

Izvornik (Bulgarian: Изворник) is a village in Valchi Dol Municipality, Varna Province, Bulgaria.
* This Varna Province, Bulgaria location article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
43°28′N 27°21′E﻿ / ﻿43.467°N 27.350°E﻿ / 43.467; 27.350
# Istanbul Technical University Faculty of Mines

ITU Faculty of Mines (Turkish: İTÜ Maden Fakültesi), located in Maslak campus, is one of the faculties in Istanbul Technical University, which has five departments.Among the notable faculty of the ITU Faculty of Mines are Galip Sağıroğlu, İhsan Ketin, Aykut Barka, Celal Şengör and Kazım Ergin.
The faculty's departments are:
* Mining engineering
* Geological engineering
* Petroleum and natural gas engineering
* Geophysical engineering
* Mineral processing engineering

## History

The Faculty of Mines was established March 1, 1953 in Istanbul. In its first years, the faculty was composed of mainly Turkish and German professors, and its program was similar to those days' famous mining schools such as RWTH Aachen University, Clausthal University of Technology then in West Germany and Freiberg University of Mining and Technology in East Germany. The Faculty of Mines accepted its first students in 1953 with a faculty of eleven scientists.
# Chupuro District

Chupuro District is one of twenty-eight districts of the province Huancayo in Peru.
# Francis Gano Benedict

Francis Gano Benedict (October 3, 1870 – April 14, 1957) was an American chemist, physiologist, and nutritionist who developed a calorimeter and a spirometer used to determine oxygen consumption and measure metabolic rate.

## Biography

Born in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, Benedict attended Harvard University, earning his bachelor's degree in 1893 and his master's degree in 1894. He earned his Ph.D., magna cum laude, at Heidelberg University in 1895. He taught at Wesleyan University and did work for the U.S. Department of Agriculture. He was elected a Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 1909, a member of the American Philosophical Society in 1910, and the United States National Academy of Sciences in 1914. He was also a descendant of John Gano of Revolutionary War fame, through his great-grandmother Margaret Hubbell Benedict (Gano).
After retirement in 1937 he toured and lectured about magicians. He died at his home in Machiasport, Maine, aged 86.

## Fasting study

Benedict observed Agostino Levanzin, who fasted for thirty-one days at the Carnegie nutrition laboratory. George F. Cahill Jr. was influenced by the study and conducted similar studies.

## Selected publications

* The Influence of Inanition on Metabolism (1907)
* The Composition of the Atmosphere with Special Reference to its Oxygen Content (1912)
* A Study of Prolonged Fasting (1915)
* Chemical and Physiological Studies of a Man Fasting Thirty-One Days (1915)
* Human Vitality and Efficiency Under Prolonged Restricted Diet (1919)
# The Concept of Nature in Marx

The Concept of Nature in Marx (German: Der Begriff der Natur in der Lehre von Marx) is a 1962 book by the philosopher Alfred Schmidt. First published in English in 1971, it is a classic account of Karl Marx's ideas about nature.

## Summary

The critic Terry Eagleton summarizes Schmidt as arguing that, according to Marx, "Human beings are part of Nature yet able to stand over against it; and this partial separation from Nature is itself part of their nature."

## Reception

The Concept of Nature in Marx has been seen as a classic work. The philosopher Herbert Marcuse offers a discussion of the role of nature in Marxist philosophy informed by Schmidt's work in his Counterrevolution and Revolt (1972). The political scientist David McLellan describes The Concept of Nature in Marx as, "an important and well-documented consideration of the importance of Marx's materialism."
# Margarita Petrova

Margarita Petrova (Bulgarian: Маргарита Петрова) (born 4 April 1977) is a Bulgarian rower. She competed in the women's lightweight double sculls event at the 2000 Summer Olympics.
# John Walker (footballer, born 1899)

William John Walker (1899–1929) was an English footballer who played in the Football League for Stoke and Walsall.

## Career

Walker was born in Great Wyrley and started playing football with Cannock Town before joining Stoke in 1924. He spent two seasons at the Victoria Ground both of which were poor seasons as Stoke were relegated to the third tier in 1925–26. Walker played 36 times for Stoke scoring once against Stockport County in January 1926. After Stoke's relegation Walker left the club for Walsall.

## Career statistics

| Club | Season | League | League | League | FA Cup | FA Cup | Total | Total |
| Club | Season | Division | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals |
| Stoke | 1924–25 | Second Division | 9 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 10 | 0 |
| Stoke | 1925–26 | Second Division | 25 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 26 | 1 |
| Stoke | Total | Total | 34 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 36 | 1 |
| Walsall | 1926–27 | Third Division North | 12 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 12 | 0 |
| Career Total | Career Total | Career Total | 46 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 48 | 1 |
# Nijega

Nijega (West Frisian: Nyegea) is a village in Smallingerland municipality in the province of Friesland, the Netherlands. It had a population of around 461 in January 2017.
The village was first mentioned in 1412 as Nyegae, and means "new village". Nije (new) has been added to distinguish from Oudega. The Dutch Reformed church dates from at least 1381, and has been modified in 1850, and partially rebuilt in 1894.
Nijega was home to 165 people in 1840. The former elementary school was used as the village centre, however the building was in poor share. In 2003, a village centre opened next door to the Kommissiehuys.

## Gallery

* Farm in Nijega
* Café-restaurant Kommissiehuys
* Villa in Nijega
* Prince Frog statue
# Incest (film)

Incest (German: § 173 St.G. B. Blutschande) is a 1929 German silent drama film directed by James Bauer and starring Walter Rilla, Erna Morena, and Olga Chekhova. It was shot at the Staaken Studios in Berlin. The film's sets were designed by the art director Max Heilbronner.

## Synopsis

Gardener Martin Hollman meets Lisbeth his much older wife Hedwig's daughter from her first marriage. She becomes his housekeeper and the two fall in love and when she falls pregnant go to get married. At the registry office they are informed that under the criminal code they are considered to have committed incest.

## Cast

* Walter Rilla as Martin Hollman
* Erna Morena as Hedwig Hollman seine Frau
* Olga Chekhova as Lisbeth Kröger, deren Tochter aus erster Ehe
* Olga Limburg as Margot Stein
* Grete Graal as Edith Hollman deren Tochter
* Paul Otto as Rolf van Heynen
* Paul Henckels as Amtmann
* Theodor Loos as Pastor
* Max Maximilian as Gendarm
* Ekkehard Arendt as Gärtnergehilfe
* Valy Arnheim
# Cwmni Theatr Ieuenctid Maldwyn

Cwmni Theatr Ieuenctid Maldwyn (English: Maldwyn Youth Theatre Company) are a music and theatre group based in mid Wales.
The group, who perform predominantly in the Welsh language, are known for their performances of new music theatre works such as Myfi Yw and Pum diwrnod o rhyddid, produced by Linda Gittins, Derec Williams and Penri Roberts.
Many of the shows produced have been featured on the Welsh television channel S4C.
# Igor Muradyan

Igor Muradyan (Armenian: Իգոր Մուրադյան; 29 April 1957 – 17 June 2018) was an Armenian political activist and political scientist. He was one of the earliest leaders of the Karabakh movement, along with Zori Balayan, Silva Kaputikyan and Viktor Hambardzumyan.
Born in Odessa, Muradyan grew up in Baku, where many Armenians lived during the Soviet period. He finished the Plekhanov Institute of National Economy in Moscow. According to Thomas de Waal, "Muradian was a Soviet insider. He worked as an economist in the state planning agency Gosplan in Yerevan and had good connections among Party cadres."
Muradyan was later critical of the Nagorno-Karabakh authorities, calling the unrecognised Nagorno-Karabakh Republic "a failed experiment" and criticising its authorities for not being able to come up with a clear strategy for its existence and arguing for Nagorno-Karabakh's incorporation into Armenia.
# Turuf

Turuf (Russian: Туруф; Tabassaran: Туриф) is a rural locality (a selo) in Tinitsky Selsoviet, Tabasaransky District, Republic of Dagestan, Russia. Population: 389 (2010 Census); 517 (2002 Census); 469 (1989 Soviet census). There are 8 streets.

## Geography

Turuf is located 11 km southeast of Khuchni (the district's administrative centre) by road. Dzhugdil is the nearest rural locality.
# Chetvertynivka

Chetvertynivka (Ukrainian: Четвертинівка) is a Ukrainian village in the Haisyn Raion of the Vinnytsia Oblast. Its population as of 2001 was 1,618.

## History

By the beginning of the 14th century, the village of Chetvertynivka consisted of three parts: old Chetvertynivka, Slobodo Chetvertynivka, and the village of Batih, which lay on the bank of the Southern Bug. In the middle of the 14th century, the area became part of Lithuania, and after the Union of Lublin in 1569, it became part of Poland, after which the lands were transferred to the princes of Chetvertynivka. In those years, residents of the villages of Strutova (now Velyka Stratiivka [uk]) and Mytkivka [uk] moved to the village. Each village had churches with separate parishes. And in 1638, Prince Chetvertynskyi gave these lands to the nobleman Sobanskyi.
Near the village, under the Batih Mountain, on 1 June 1652 was the Battle of Batoh, where an alliance of the Zaporizhian Sich and Crimean Khanate under leadership of Bogdan Khmelnytsky fought against the army of the Polish-Lithuania Commonwealth under the command of Martyn Kalinovsky. The battle was considered one of the most important events in the Khmelnytsky Uprising, and ended with a victory for the Khanate alliance.
After victory at Mount Batih, the Cossacks set up a small camp to rest in the village. The stone is still there today and local folklore believes that the stone will give strength, courage, and health to people who stand on it.
The city became part of the Ledyzhyn povit in the 1820s when Michał Sobanski acquired the land from Seweryn Potocki.
# The Archangel

The Archangel (Italian: L'arcangelo) is a 1969 Italian comedy film directed by Giorgio Capitani and starring Vittorio Gassman.

## Cast

* Vittorio Gassman as Fulvio Bertuccia
* Pamela Tiffin as Gloria Bianchi
* Irina Demick as Sig.ra Tarocchi Roda
* Adolfo Celi as Marco Tarocchi Roda
* Laura Antonelli
* Carlo Baccarini
* Carlo Delle Piane
* Mario De Rosa
* Gioia Desideri
* Tom Felleghy as Fabris
* Antonio Guidi
* Corrado Olmi
* Carlo Pisacane
* Gianni Pulone
* Jacob Stanislave [it]
* Pippo Starnazza
# Beilstein Journal of Organic Chemistry

The Beilstein Journal of Organic Chemistry is a peer-reviewed diamond open-access scientific journal established in 2005. The journal is published and completely funded by the Beilstein Institute for the Advancement of Chemical Sciences, a German non-profit foundation. The editor-in-chief is Peter Seeberger (Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces). It is a member of the Free Journal Network.
Scientific videos are available for selected articles of the journal.

## Abstracting and indexing

The journal is abstracted and indexed in Science Citation Index Expanded, Current Contents, Scopus, Chemical Abstracts Service and the Directory of Open Access Journals
According to the Journal Citation Reports, the journal has a 2023 impact factor of 2.2.
# Varben, Plovdiv Province

Varben (Bulgarian: Върбен) is a village in central Bulgaria. It has a population of 147 as of 2022. It was established by refugees from the village of Poibrene, after the Ottomans quelled the April Uprising of 1876.

## Geography

Varben is located in Plovdiv Province and has a territory of 31.494 km$^2$. It is part of Brezovo Municipality. It is situated some 45 km northeast of Bulgaria's second largest city Plovdiv. The nearest villages are Sarnegor to the northwest, Strelets to the southwest and Zlatosel to the east.
Varben is situated at the southern foothills of the Sredna Gora mountain range facing the Upper Thracian Plain.

## Economy

The village is situated in a fertile agricultural region. The main crops include orchards and grapes. The most important livestock are cattle, sheep and goats.

## Citations

* 1 2 "Tables of Persons Registered by Permanent Address and by Current Address". Official Site of the Civil Registration and Administrative Services (GRAO). Retrieved 20 February 2024.
* ↑ "Bulgaria Guide, Varben". Retrieved 20 February 2024.
* 1 2 Geographic Dictionary of Bulgaria 1980, p. 123
# Annunciation (Caravaggio)

The Annunciation is an oil painting by the Italian master Michelangelo Merisi da Caravaggio, finished around 1608. It housed in the Musée des Beaux-Arts de Nancy.
The painting has been considerably damaged and retouched, and what remains of Caravaggio's brushwork is the angel, who bears a resemblance to the figure in John the Baptist at the Fountain. The illusionistic treatment of the angel, floating on his cloud and seeming to protrude outside the picture plane, is more Baroque than is normal for Caravaggio, but the contrast between the energetic pose of the heavenly messenger and the receptive Mary is dramatically and psychologically effective. The loose brushwork is typical of Caravaggio's later period.
The painting was given by Henry II, Duke of Lorraine, to his primatial church in Nancy as the main altarpiece, and was perhaps acquired by one of the Duke's sons in the course of a visit to Malta in 1608.

## Description

The painting is composed of two figures. The angel above the Virgin is attributed to being Gabriel who was the angel of the annunciation. The lilies that Gabriel holds are also a symbol of the Virgin. The Virgin is in a prostrate position as she is being told by Gabriel of God's plan for her. The painting exhibits Caravaggio's signature sfumato and tenebrism, with almost the entire painting being dark except for the two main figures.
# Suburbs (film)

Suburbs (Spanish: Adosados) is a 1996 Spanish drama film directed by Mario Camus based on the novel by Félix Bayón which stars Antonio Valero, Ana Duato, Jaume Valls, Lluís Homar, and Boris Nevzorov.

## Plot

A visit to the veterinarian triggers a series of lies that jeopardizes the routine and peaceful suburban life of a successful auditor with his wife and children.

## Cast

* Antonio Valero as Andrés
* Ana Duato as Paula
* Jaume Valls as veterinario ('veterinarian')
* Lluís Homar as hombre de Paula ('Paula's man')
* Boris Nevzorov as Yuri
* Simón Andreu as jefe de Andrés
* Ramón Langa [es] as comisario
* Ángel Jodrá [es] as Gordo
* Paco Plaza

## Production

The film was produced by Enrique Cerezo PC.

## Release

Suburbs was released theatrically in Spain on 9 August 1996. It also screened at the Montreal Film Festival later in August that year.

## Reception

Godfrey Cheshire of Variety billed the film as an "awitty, downbeat allegory of middle-class fears".

## Accolades

| Year | Award | Category | Nominee(s) | Result | Ref. |
| 1996 | 20th Montreal World Film Festival | Best Screenplay | Mario Camus, Félix Bayón | Won | |

## Themes

The films has been studied within the scope of an examination of the "culture of the townhouse" as a "control device by the Spanish democratic governments in the 1990s through the urban restructuring of the suburbs of large cities".
# Marie-Félicie des Ursins

Marie Félicie des Ursins (Italian: Maria Felice Orsini; 11 November 1600 – 5 June 1666) was the wife of Henri de Montmorency, 4th Duke of Montmorency, governor of Languedoc.
She was born into the House of Orsini in the Pitti Palace, Florence. She was daughter of Virginio Orsini, Duke of Bracciano and his wife Flavia Peretti, a niece of Pope Sixtus V. Wise and pious, very focused on charity and good works, she lived at the Château of Chantilly, choosing to reside in a cottage ("Sylvie's House") in the park in order to escape the bustle of the main building. She retired permanently to the Convent of the Visitation at Moulins-sur-Allier after her husband was executed for treason on 30 October 1632. She died there, aged 65.
Her inspiring life and character, combining tenderness and strength, earned her the admiration of contemporaries and the praise of many poets. It was Théophile de Viau who gave her the nickname "Sylvie" in reference to her love of woodland animals. She gave the libertine poet her friendship and protection. La Silvanire by Jean Mairet is dedicated to her.
# Chah Khoshkan

Chah Khoshkan (Persian: چاه خشكان, also Romanized as Chāh Khoshkān) is a village in Momenabad Rural District, in the Central District of Sarbisheh County, South Khorasan Province, Iran. According to the 2006 census, it had a population of 61 in 11 families.
# Quercus aliena

Quercus aliena, the galcham oak or oriental white oak, is a species of oak in the family Fagaceae, in the white oak section Quercus.

## Description

It is a deciduous tree growing to 30 metres (98 ft) tall with a trunk up to 1 m (3 ft) in diameter with fissured gray-brown bark. The leaves are obovate to oblong, glabrous above, glabrous to densely grey-white hairy below, mostly 10–20 centimetres (4–8 inches) long and 5–14 cm (2–5+1⁄2 in) wide (rarely up to 30 cm (12 in) long and 16 cm (6 in) wide), with 9 to 15 lobes on each side, and a 10–13 mm (3⁄8–1⁄2 in) petiole.
The flowers monecious catkins. The acorns are 17–25 mm (5⁄8–1 in) long and 13–18 mm (1⁄2–3⁄4 in) wide, a third to a half enclosed in a green-grey cup on a short peduncle; they are solitary or 2–3 together, and mature in about six months from pollination. A long-lived tree, it is slow-growing.

## Taxonomy

Three to five varieties are accepted:
* Quercus aliena var. aliena. Leaf margin wavy; leaf greyish below.
* Quercus aliena var. acutiserrata Maxim. Leaf margin serrated, with sharp serration; leaf densely hairy below with greyish hairs.
* Quercus aliena var. pekingensis Schottky. Leaf margin serrated, with rounded serration; leaf glabrous or only slightly hairy below.
* Quercus aliena var. alticupulifirmis H.Wei Jen & L.M.Wang (not accepted by Flora of China).
* Quercus aliena var. pellucida Blume (not accepted by Flora of China).
Hybrids between Quercus aliena and several other oaks in Quercus sect. Quercus are known.

### Common names

In China it is called ruìchí húlì, or húlì. Quercus aliena var. acutiserrata is referred to as ruìchí húlì, while var. aliena is referred to as húlì. In Japan it is called naragashiwa.

## Distribution

It is native to East Asian states of Korea, Japan (where it occurs in Honshu, Shikoku, and Kyushu), Taiwan and mainland China (where it occurs in the provinces of Anhui, Gansu, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hebei, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Liaoning, Shaanxi, Shandong, Shanxi, Sichuan, Yunnan, and Zhejiang).

## Cultivation and uses

The wood is used in East Asia for boat building and wood flooring for houses. The seeds can be crushed into a powder and used as a soup thickener and for mixing into cereals and breads. The seeds when roasted can also be used as a substitute for coffee. Galls produced by the larvae of insects are a rich source of tannin.
Quercus aliena was introduced to Europe in 1908, but remains rare in cultivation outside of its native area. The taproot is deep, making older plants difficult to move. It grows in full sun or partial shade and tolerates strong winds. It can grow in almost any type of soil as long as not waterlogged.
# Mazian, Gilan

Mazian (Persian: مازيان, also Romanized as Māẕīān) is a village in Rostamabad-e Shomali Rural District, in the Central District of Rudbar County, Gilan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 19, in 4 families.
# Karvansara, Naqadeh

Karvansara (Persian: كاروانسرا, also Romanized as Kārvānsarā and Kārevānserā; in Armenian: Քարվանսառայ) is a village in Beygom Qaleh Rural District, in the Central District of Naqadeh County, West Azerbaijan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 741, in 187 families.