# 1908–09 Kangaroo tour of Great Britain

The 1908–09 Kangaroo tour of Great Britain was the first ever such tour for the newly-formed Australia national rugby league team (or 'The Kangaroos'). The tour was to England and Wales and coincided with the first Wallabies Rugby Union tour of Great Britain, which in hindsight put the Kangaroos in a tough position. The game of rugby league was not yet twelve months old in Australia however a New Zealand side had already toured to Britain (the All Golds in 1907), Australia had encountered New Zealand during the 1908 season and the pioneer Australian leaders of the game were keen to match up against the Northern Union founders of the code.
The 1908–09 Kangaroos wore jumpers of sky blue and maroon representing the New South Wales Blues and Queensland Maroons players that comprised the team. The first Kangaroo tour was considered a financial failure, with poor weather and economic conditions contributing to smaller than expected gate takings. Tour promoter James Giltinan was bankrupted as result. However for almost a century afterward, Kangaroo tours took place every four years and involved a three-Test Ashes series against Great Britain (under the name Northern Union) and a number of tour matches. The 1908-09 tour was later depicted in the 1988 Australian television movie The First Kangaroos.

## The tour
### Itinerary

The Kangaroos sailed for Britain on RMS Macedonia prior to the close of the 1908 NSWRFL season, denying some of the selected players to appear in the inaugural grand final. They worked as stokers to keep their fitness levels up as well as doing daily sessions in the ship's gymnasium and boxing ring. The jerseys were coloured sky blue and maroon, combining the state colours of NSW and Queensland respectively. When tour captain, Lutge was injured early in the tour, Messenger became captain in the 1st and 2nd Test Matches. After he was injured, Alec Burdon assumed the captaincy for the 3rd Test. One of the players Pat Walsh sailed to Britain separately on the ship, Salamis and brought the live Kangaroo mascot with him. Walsh arrived in England for the 5th match of the tour against Salford.The team's live marsupial mascot died before the end of the tour due to the execrable weather.
The Kangaroos scored some memorable victories, including wins against Yorkshire, Lancashire and Hunslet (featuring their fearsome forwards "The Terrible Six"). Rugby league made its first appearance in Scotland in 1909 when Glasgow’s Celtic Park hosted a game between the Northern Rugby Football Union representative side and the touring Australians.

### Results

Matches played: 45 Won: 17 Drew: 6 Lost: 22 The Ashes: Great Britain 2-0. Leading try scorers of the tour were Devereaux 17, Messenger 10, Frawley 10, Walsh 9, Courtney 8. Dally Messenger was the tourists' leading point-scorer with 160, a full 103 points clear of next highest-scorer.
| N° | Opposing Team | F | A | Date | Venue | Attendance | Status |
| 1 | Mid-Rhondda | 20 | 6 | 3 October 1908 | King George's Field, Tonypandy | 7,500 | Tour match |
| 2 | Bradford Northern | 12 | 11 | 7 October 1908 | Valley Parade, Bradford | 4,000 | Tour match |
| 3 | Rochdale Hornets | 5 | 0 | 10 October 1908 | Athletic Grounds, Rochdale | 3,000 | Tour match |
| 4 | York | 5 | 5 | 14 October 1908 | Clarence Street, York | 1,781 | Tour match |
| 5 | Salford | 9 | 9 | 17 October 1908 | The Willows, Salford | 6,100 | Tour match |
| 6 | Runcorn | 9 | 7 | 21 October 1908 | Canal Street, Runcorn | 2,700 | Tour match |
| 7 | Cumberland | 52 | 10 | 24 October 1908 | Recreation Ground, Whitehaven | 4,000 | Tour match |
| 8 | Leigh | 11 | 14 | 28 October 1908 | Mather Lane, Leigh | 6,000 | Tour match |
| 9 | Dewsbury | 0 | 15 | 31 October 1908 | Old Crown Flatt ground, Dewsbury | 2,000 | Tour match |
| 10 | Yorkshire | 24 | 11 | 5 November 1908 | The Boulevard, Hull | 3,500 | Tour match |
| 11 | Hunslet | 12 | 11 | 7 November 1908 | Parkside, Hunslet | 6,000 | Tour match |
| 12 | Aberdare | 37 | 10 | 10 November 1908 | Athletic Ground, Aberdare | 5,000 | Tour match |
| 13 | Warrington | 3 | 10 | 14 November 1908 | Wilderspool, Warrington | 5,000 | Tour match |
| 14 | Northern Union XIII | 10 | 9 | 18 November 1908 | Goodison Park, Liverpool | 6,000 | Tour match |
| 15 | Hull Kingston Rovers | 16 | 21 | 21 November 1908 | Craven Street, Hull | 7,000 | Tour match |
| 16 | Lancashire | 20 | 6 | 25 November 1908 | Central Park, Wigan | 4,000 | Tour match |
| 17 | Barrow | 21 | 5 | 28 November 1908 | Cavendish Park, Barrow | 6,500 | Tour match |
| 18 | Halifax | 8 | 12 | 5 December 1908 | Thrum Hall, Halifax | 6,000 | Tour match |
| 19 | Swinton | 10 | 9 | 9 December 1908 | Chorley Road, Swinton | 1,500 | Tour match |
| 20 | Northern Union | 22 | 22 | 12 December 1908 | Park Royal Ground, London | 2,000 | Test match |
| 21 | Treherbert | 6 | 3 | 16 December 1908 | Athletic Ground, Treherbert | 4,000 | Tour match |
| 22 | Wakefield Trinity | 13 | 20 | 20 December 1908 | Belle Vue, Wakefield | 3,000 | Tour match |
| 23 | Leeds | 14 | 10 | 25 December 1908 | Headingley, Leeds | 12,000 | Tour match |
| 24 | Oldham | 5 | 11 | 28 December 1908 | Watersheddings, Oldham | 11,800 | Tour match |
| 25 | Northern Union XIII | 9 | 14 | 2 January 1909 | Fartown, Huddersfield | 7,000 | Tour match |
| 26 | Widnes | 13 | 2 | 6 January 1909 | Lowerhouse Lane, Widnes | 1,000 | Tour match |
| 27 | Wigan | 15 | 7 | 9 January 1909 | Central Park, Wigan | 4,000 | Tour match |
| 28 | Batley | 5 | 12 | 12 January 1909 | Mount Pleasant, Batley | 5,735 | Tour match |
| 29 | Ebbw Vale | 9 | 8 | 18 January 1909 | Bridge End Field, Ebbw Vale | 5,000 | Tour match |
| 30 | Wales XIII | 13 | 14 | 19 January 1909 | Penydarren Park, Merthyr Tydfil | 6,000 | Tour match |
| 31 | Wigan | 8 | 16 | 20 January 1909 | Central Park, Wigan | 9,100 | Tour match |
| 32 | Northern Union | 5 | 15 | 23 January 1909 | St James' Park, Newcastle | 22,000 | Test match |
| 33 | Keighley | 8 | 8 | 26 January 1909 | Lawkholme Lane, Keighley | 1,000 | Tour match |
| 34 | Hull F.C. | 9 | 8 | 30 January 1909 | The Boulevard, Hull | 10,000 | Tour match |
| 35 | Northern Union XIII | 17 | 17 | 3 February 1909 | Celtic Park, Glasgow | 3,000 | Tour match |
| 36 | Cumberland | 2 | 11 | 4 February 1909 | Devonshire Park, Carlisle | 2,000 | Tour match |
| 37 | Broughton Rangers | 12 | 14 | 6 February 1909 | Wheater's Field, Broughton, Salford | 12,000 | Tour match |
| 38 | Warrington | 8 | 8 | 8 February 1909 | Wilderspool, Warrington | 7,000 | Tour match |
| 39 | St. Helens | 12 | 14 | 6 February 1909 | Knowsley Road, St. Helens | 1,500 | Tour match |
| 40 | Northern Union | 5 | 6 | 10 February 1909 | Villa Park, Birmingham | 9,000 | Test match |
| 41 | Huddersfield | 5 | 3 | 20 February 1909 | Fartown, Huddersfield | 9,700 | Tour match |
| 42 | Barrow | 3 | 11 | 22 February 1909 | Cavendish Park, Barrow | 6,000 | Tour match |
| 43 | Merthyr Tydfil | 13 | 15 | 27 February 1909 | Penydarren Park, Merthyr Tydfil | 4,000 | Tour match |
| 44 | Northern Union XIII | 7 | 14 | 3 March 1909 | Goodison Park, Liverpool | 3,000 | Tour match |
| 45 | Lancashire | 14 | 19 | 8 March 1909 | Wheater's Field, Broughton, Salford | 4,000 | Tour match |

### Financial difficulties

The seven-month tour proved to be a true test of survival and was almost a disaster due to small gate-takings. A crippling cotton mill strike in northern England made it difficult for many fans to afford their way through the turnstiles and there was criticism of the entry price the Australians wanted to charge. Australian morale ebbed during one of the meanest northern winters on record.
   We are having nothing but rain, snow, sleet and cold... why, you cannot feel your hands and feet and the referees are cruel, don't give us anything at all.
   James Giltinan, Tour Manager wrote home in 1908
Giltinan as promoter of the tour had borrowed £2,000 to fund the operation and took the full risk. He paid the players a weekly allowance of one pound early in the tour but before long it was cut to ten shillings. Things eventually became so bad that the team would travel on overnight trains to save on accommodation. The players had sailed from Sydney on one-way fares and the Northern Union had to pay the players' fares home. Later, evidence emerged that Giltinan lost £418 on the campaign and was bankrupted on his return to Sydney.

### Aftermath

Peter Moir a seminal figure in the foundation of the Glebe club had an unhappy tour and played in only four games and no Tests. At tour's end he wrote a letter home, The team is run by a clique and you are picked by them. I am very disappointed at not getting a game. It is very hard as all my people live here and they keep asking me why I am not playing and I cannot tell them a lie.
Deane, Walsh, Frawley, Devereux, McCabe and Rosenfeld all stayed behind to play in the wintry Northern Union competition when the Australians boarded the RMS Seuvic for the journey home. On the return journey Messenger met and fell in love with Annie Macauley whom he would marry. Also while en route back to Australia, secretary J. J. Giltinan, president Henry Hoyle and treasurer, Victor Trumper, the men who had done most to form the NSWRL, were being voted out of it.

## Touring party
### Tour management

Tour manager: James Giltinan Giltinan had borrowed £2,000 to fund the entire tour as promoter. He was one of the founders of the breakaway code's Australian formation in Sydney a year earlier.
Assistant manager: John Fihelly Fihelly was one of the code's founders in Queensland. He had represented for Queensland in rugby union and in the state's first representative league side in May 1908. He was a state selector that year. He did not play any matches on tour & performed the role of Assistant Manager. He would later referee many matches of the 1909 Brisbane club competition & a 1910 Test match.
Tour secretary: Bill Noble Selected as a player, Noble the 1908 Newtown club captain was injured early and made only three tour match appearances. He performed the role of Secretary/Treasurer, managing the tour's scarce finances.
Tour captain: Denis Lutge A rugged North Sydney forward North who worked as a stevedore, Lutge was elected Tour Captain by his team-mates shortly after the squad set sail from Sydney. He had captained Australia in the 3rd ever Test match against New Zealand in June 1908. Lutge broke his arm early in the tour and appeared in only five tour matches and no Tests.
Test captains: Dally Messenger & Alex Burdon Lutge's deputy as tour vice-captain, Messenger stepped up to lead Australia in the first two Tests, scoring all of Australian's points in the 2nd. A knee injury from attempting field goals kept him out of the 3rd Test. Burdon was one of the founders of the Glebe club and its first captain. He was a selector on the 1908 tour and selected himself in two Tests and 24 tour matches. He led Australia in the 3rd Test.

### Touring squad

| Name | Tests | Club | Tour Apps | Position | Pts |
| Dally Messenger | 2 | Eastern Suburbs | 31 | Three-quarter back | 155 |
| Jim Devereaux | 2 | North Sydney | 31 | Three-quarter back | 54 |
| Dan Frawley | 2 | Eastern Suburbs | 24 | Three-quarter back | 41 |
| Andy Morton | 1 | North Sydney | 24 | Three-quarter back | 32 |
| Ed "Tedda" Courtney | 3 | Newtown | 31 | Forward | 30 |
| Albert Conlon | 1 | Glebe | 8 | Half-back | 27 |
| Pat "Nimmo" Walsh | 3 | Newcastle Rebels | 28 | Forward | 24 |
| Arthur Butler | 2 | South Sydney | 20 | Half-back | 22 |
| Sid Deane | 2 | North Sydney | 26 | Three-quarter back | 21 |
| Albert Rosenfeld | 1 | Eastern Suburbs | 14 | Three-quarter back | 21 |
| Tom McCabe | 1 | Glebe | 22 | Forward | 18 |
| Arthur "Pony" Halloway | 1 | Glebe | 31 | Half-back | 15 |
| Larry O'Malley | 3 | Eastern Suburbs | 34 | Forward | 15 |
| Jim Abercrombie | 2 | Western Suburbs | 32 | Forward | 12 |
| Bill Heidke | 2 | Souths Brisbane (Qld) | 26 | Three-quarter back | 12 |
| Lou Jones | 0 | Eastern Suburbs | 5 | Forward | 6 |
| Bill "Jerry" Bailey | 0 | Newcastle Rebels | 3 | Three-quarter back | 9 |
| Mick Bolewski | 3 | Queensland | 33 | Three-quarter back | 9 |
| Alec Burdon | 2 | Glebe | 26 | Forward | 9 |
| Billy Cann | 0 | South Sydney | 9 | Forward | 6 |
| Robert Graves | 1 | Balmain | 23 | Forward | 6 |
| Peter Moir | 0 | Glebe | 4 | Forward | 6 |
| Arthur Anlezark | 1 | Queensland | 17 | Half-back | 3 |
| Sandy Pearce | 3 | Eastern Suburbs | 33 | Forward | 3 |
| Bill Hardcastle | 0 | Ipswich | 6 | Forward | 3 |
| Charlie Hedley | 1 | Glebe | 18 | Forward | 2 |
| Tommy Anderson | 0 | South Sydney | 5 | Forward | 0 |
| Frank Cheadle | 0 | Newtown | 7 | Three-quarter back | 0 |
| Jim Davis | 0 | South Sydney | 6 | Forward | 0 |
| Alf Dobbs | 0 | Balmain | 6 | Forward | 0 |
| Arthur Hennessy | 0 | South Sydney | 7 | Forward | 0 |
| Denis Lutge (c) | 0 | North Sydney | 5 | Forward | 0 |
| Bill Noble | 0 | Newtown | 3 | Forward | 0 |
| John Rosewell | 0 | South Sydney | 1 | Forward | 0 |

## Test matches
### First Test

* 12 December 1908
| Northern Union | 22 – 22 | Australia |
| Tries: William Batten (2) Johnny Thomas Ernie Brooks George Tyson Asa Robinson Goals: Ernie Brooks (2) | | Tries: Jim Devereux (3) Arthur Butler Goals: Dally Messenger (5) |
* Park Royal Ground, London Attendance: 2,000 Referee: J Smith
| Northern Union | Position | Australia |
| Harry Gifford | FB | Mick Bolewski |
| William Batten | WG | Bill Heidke |
| Bert Jenkins (c) | CE | Sid Deane |
| George Dickenson | CE | Dally Messenger (c) |
| George Tyson | WG | Jim Devereaux |
| Ernie Brooks | SO | Arthur Halloway |
| Johnny Thomas | SH | Arthur Butler |
| Arthur Mann | PR | Larry O'Malley |
| John Higson | HK | Sandy Pearce |
| William Jukes | PR | Alex Burdon |
| William Longworth | SR | Jim Abercrombie |
| Arthur Smith | SR | Tedda Courtney |
| Asa Robinson | LF | Pat Walsh |
Great Britain led 14-5 at half-time and stretched to 17-5 before Australia began their fightback spearheaded by Devereaux's three ties. They led 22-20 in the dying minutes before Great Britain snatched a draw with a penalty goal.

### Second Test

* 23 January 1909
| Northern Union | 15 – 5 | Australia |
| Tries: James Lomas Johnny Thomas George Tyson Goals: James Lomas (2) Field Goals: James Lomas | | Tries: Dally Messenger Goals: Dally Messenger (1) |
* St James' Park, Newcastle Attendance: 22,000 Referee: William McCutcheon
| Northern Union | Position | Australia |
| Harry Gifford | FB | Mick Bolewski |
| George Tyson | WG | Dan Frawley |
| James Lomas (c) | CE | Dally Messenger (c) |
| Bert Jenkins | CE | Albert Rosenfeld |
| William Batten | WG | Andy Morton |
| Ernie Brooks | SO | Arthur Halloway |
| Johnny Thomas | SH | Arthur Butler |
| John Higson | PR | Larry O'Malley |
| William Jukes | HK | Sandy Pearce |
| William Longworth | PR | Jim Abercrombie |
| Arthur Smith | SR | Tom McCabe |
| Asa Robinson | SR | Tedda Courtney |
| Dick Silcock | LF | Pat Walsh |

### Third Test

* 10 February 1909
| Northern Union | 6 – 5 | Australia |
| Tries: James Lomas George Tyson Goals: | | Tries: Dan Frawley Goals: Jim Devereaux (1) |
* Villa Park, Birmingham Attendance: 9,000 Referee: E Smirk
| Northern Union | Position | Australia |
| Frank Young | FB | Charlie Hedley |
| William Batten | WG | Bill Heidke |
| Bert Jenkins | CE | Dan Frawley |
| James Lomas (c) | CE | Jim Devereaux |
| George Tyson | WG | Mick Bolewski |
| Ernie Brooks | SO | Sid Deane |
| Johnny Thomas | SH | Arthur Anlezark |
| William Jukes | PR | Larry O'Malley |
| Dick Padbury | HK | Sandy Pearce |
| Arthur Smith | PR | Alex Burdon (c) |
| William Longworth | SR | Robert Graves |
| Arthur Mann | SR | Tedda Courtney |
| Frank Boylen | LF | Pat Walsh |
A heavy pitch limited scoring opportunities and Great Britain went to the half-time break with a three nil lead. Australia's defence was solid throughout the second half and when Frawley scored for Devereaux to convert they took the lead. However, with Australian centre Bill Heidke off the field having a dislocated shoulder put back in place, Oldham winger George Tyson scored late in the match and secured The Ashes for Great Britain for the first time.