OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Harrow History Prize

The Harrow History Prize or the Townsend Warner Preparatory Schools History Prize is an annual history competition for children at British preparatory schools. It currently attracts around 800 entrants each year.

## History

The prize was established in 1885 by E. E. Bowen, a housemaster at Harrow School. He wanted to encourage a move away from purely classical education and offered a prize in history to pupils of Elstree Preparatory School. In 1895 the Dragon School also started to take part, and the competition had spread to thirteen other schools by 1905 with 39 entrants taking part that year. In 1905, George Townsend Warner, head of history at Harrow (and father of Sylvia Townsend Warner), took on the running of the competition until his death in 1916. Over many years the prize was repeatedly won by St Cyprian's School whose Headmistress Mrs Vaughan Wilkes was a great believer in history teaching and in the prize itself. After 1916 administration was shared between Mr Henry of Harrow and Henry Marten, later Sir Henry Marten, of Eton and the prize was renamed after Townsend Warner. In 1940 the number of participating schools had risen to 40, by which time both Henry and Marten had withdrawn. There were difficulties during World War II because of the disruption this caused to prep schools, but the competition was kept running by Major C F Letts until 1956 when the Independent Association of Preparatory Schools (IAPS) took over. By this time there were 70 schools and over 500 entrants in the competition. The competition has continued to grow since then, and a special centenary competition was run in 1985.

## Winners

Notable winners, both from St Cyprian's, included Dyneley Hussey (1905) and Cyril Connolly (1916), with his colleague Eric Blair (George Orwell) in second place. Orwell later wrote scathingly of the prize as a "piece of nonsense". Another runner up was the historian Arthur Bryant. Westminster Under School. British Conservative Party politician Kwasi Kwarteng is also a recipient of the prize as he won it in 1988 while studying at Colet Court.

## Papers 1 and 2

There are two exams in this competition, Paper 1 consisting of testing of dates and battles, and 2 is made up of essays.
# Turany

Turany (Hungarian: Nagyturány) is a town and municipality in Martin District in the Žilina Region of northern Slovakia.

## History

In historical records the town was first mentioned in 1341. Before the establishment of independent Czechoslovakia in 1918, it was part of Turóc County within the Kingdom of Hungary. From 1939 to 1945, it was part of the Slovak Republic.

## Geography

The municipality lies at an altitude of 406 metres and covers an area of 46.747 km$^2$. It has a population of about 4,271 people.
# Dargovských hrdinov

Dargovských hrdinov (literally: "(Borough) of the Dargov Heroes", Hungarian: Dargói Hősök lakótelep), commonly referred to as Furča after the hill it is built upon, is a borough (city ward) of Košice, Slovakia, located in the Košice III district.
Located largely on the side of a hill named Furča, the vast majority of the Dargovských hrdinov borough consists of housing, built mainly in the form of panelhouses. There are little to no industrial structures or activities in the borough, which is one of the largest residential developments built in Slovakia during the Communist era.

## History

Construction of the microdistrict began in the early 1970s, with the first completed part of the borough officially opening on the 29 June 1976. Currently, there are more than 26,000 people living in the borough. The name of the housing estate and borough was chosen in honour of the combat veterans of the WWII Battle of Dargov Pass, fought over a key regional route in the Slanské Hills to the east of Košice during the winter of 1944/1945.

## Statistics

* Area: 11.09 square kilometres (4.28 sq mi)
* Population: 26,169 (31 December 2017)
* Population density: 2,400/km² (31 December 2017)
* District: Košice III
* Mayor: Jozef Andrejčák (as of 2018 elections)

## Gallery

* Church of the Holy Family, a Roman Catholic church in the borough
* Church of God's Wisdom, a Greek Catholic Church in the borough
* Local gymnázium school on Exnárova Street
# Viktor Lonskyy

Viktor Ihorovych Lonskyy (Ukrainian: Віктор Ігорович Лонський; born 27 October 1995) is a Ukrainian athlete specialising in the high jump.

## Career

Lonskyy won a bronze at the 2017 European U23 Championships.
His personal bests in the event are 2.28 metres outdoors (Kropyvnytskiy 2017) and 2.28 metres indoors (Minsk 2017).

## International competitions

| Year | Competition | Venue | Position | Notes |
| Representing Ukraine |||||
| 2013 | European Junior Championships | Rieti, Italy | 18th (q) | 2.03 m |
| 2015 | European U23 Championships | Tallinn, Estonia | 17th (q) | 2.10 m |
| 2017 | European U23 Championships | Bydgoszcz, Poland | 3rd | 2.24 m |
| 2018 | European Championships | Berlin, Germany | 13th (q) | 2.21 m |
| 2019 | Universiade | Naples, Italy | 11th | 2.05 m |
# 2018 Lombok earthquake

2018 Lombok earthquake may refer to the following five thrust type earthquakes, with epicentres north of Rinjani volcano, that caused significant damage and deaths:
* July 2018 Lombok earthquake (M$_w$ and M$_L$: 6.4, a foreshock)
* 5 August 2018 Lombok earthquake (M$_w$: 6.9, M$_L$ : 7.0, the mainshock)
* 9 August 2018 (M$_L$ : 5.9 aftershock, 6 deaths)
* 18 August 2018 23:10pm local time Lombok earthquakes (M$_w$ : 6.4 aftershock, 2 dead)
* 19 August 2018 Lombok earthquake (M$_w$  6.9 new earthquake, different fault.)
# Sankivtsi

48°22′10″N 26°13′34″E﻿ / ﻿48.3694°N 26.2261°E﻿ / 48.3694; 26.2261 Sankivtsi (Ukrainian: Санківці; Romanian: Săncăuți) is a village in Dnistrovskyi Raion, Chernivtsi Oblast, Ukraine. It belongs to Klishkivtsi rural hromada, one of the hromadas of Ukraine.
Until 18 July 2020, Sankivtsi belonged to Khotyn Raion. The raion was abolished in July 2020 as part of the administrative reform of Ukraine, which reduced the number of raions of Chernivtsi Oblast to three. The area of Khotyn Raion was merged into Dnistrovskyi Raion.
# Peroidas

Peroidas or Peroedas (Ancient Greek: Περοίδας), son of Menestheus, was hipparch of the ile of Hetairoi from Anthemus from the beginning of the campaign of Alexander the Great. At the Battle of Issus, his squadron was transferred, along with that of Pantordanus, from the left to the right wing before the battle began (Arrian 2.9.3).
# Hypostasis

Hypostasis, hypostases, hypostatic, hypostatization, or hypostatisation (Ancient Greek: ὑπόστᾰσις, romanized: hupóstasis, lit. 'under standing') may refer to:
* Hypostasis (philosophy and religion), the underlying, fundamental state or substance that supports all of reality
** Hypostasis (linguistics), a relationship between a name and a known quantity, as a cultural personification of an entity or quality
** Hypostasis (literature), a literary moment when characters in fiction become aware of their own fictional nature
** Hypostasis of the Archons, a Gnostic text
** Hypostatic model of personality, a view asserting that humans present themselves in many different aspects or hypostases, depending on the internal and external realities they relate to, including different approaches to the study of personality
** Hypostatic union, a technical term in Christian theology employed in mainstream Christology to describe the union of Christ's humanity and divinity in one hypostasis
* Hypostasis, a type of boss in the video game Genshin Impact
* Hypostatic abstraction, a formal operation that transforms a predicate into a relation
* Hypostatic gene, a gene whose phenotype is altered by the expression of an allele at a separate locus, in an epistasis event
* Holding current (electronics), the minimum current which must pass through a circuit in order for it to remain in the 'ON' state
* Livor mortis, the second stage of death and one of the signs of death
* Reification (fallacy), a fallacy of ambiguity, when an abstraction is treated as if it were a concrete real event or physical entity
* Sediment in a liquid, including wine
# Arwa bint Kurayz

Arwā bint Kurayz (Arabic: أَرْوَى بِنْت كُرَيْز) was the mother of Uthman ibn Affan, a companion of the Islamic prophet Muhammad, and the third of the Rashidun or "Rightly Guided Caliphs".

## Ancestry

Arwa was the daughter of Kurayz ibn Rabi'ah ibn Habib ibn Abd Shams ibn Abd Manaf, so she was of Banu Abd-Shams, a sub-clan of the tribe of Quraysh. Arwa's mother was Umm Hakim bint Abd al-Muttalib, so Arwa was a cousin of Muhammad.

## Children

Arwa married Affan ibn Abi al-'As and bore him Uthman and Amina. After the death of Affan, Arwa married Uqba ibn Abu Mu'ayt, to whom she bore al-Walid, 'Ammara, Khalid, Umm Kulthum, Umm Hakim and Hind.

## Biography

Arwa bint Kurayz converted to Islam and emigrated to Medina after her daughter, Umm Kulthum bint Uqba. She gave allegiance to Muhammad, and remained in Madina, until she died during the caliphate of her son, Uthman ibn Affan.
# Vågan

Vågan or Vaagan may refer to:

## People

* Eldar Vågan, a songwriter and guitarist in the band Vazelina Bilopphøggers
* Ole Morten Vågan, a Norwegian jazz musician and composer
* Petter Vågan, a bandleader, singer, and guitarist of the Norwegian indie electronica band The Fjords
* Petter Vaagan Moen, a Norwegian former professional footballer

## Places

* Vågan Municipality, a municipality in Nordland county, Norway
* Vågan Church, a church in Vågan Municipality in Nordland county, Norway
* Vaagan River, a river in Rajasthan, India
# Aninoasa

Aninoasa (Hungarian: Aninósza or Aninószabányatelep) is a town in Hunedoara County in the Transylvania region of Romania. The town is located in the Jiu Valley, which is a coal basin, and many of the towns residents are coal miners. Aninoasa administers one village, Iscroni (Alsóbarbatyeniszkrony). It officially became a town in 1989, as a result of the Romanian rural systematization program.

## Geography

The town is situated near the confluence of both headwater rivers (Jiul de Vest and Jiul de Est) of the Jiu, north of the Vâlcan Mountains and in the eastern foothills of the Retezat Mountains. Most of the town was built along Aninoasa creek, and the town is actually separated into two areas by the Jiul de Vest. "Anin" means "alder tree" in Romanian.
Aninoasa is located at the southern extremity of Hunedoara County, about 98 km (61 mi) from the county seat, Deva, on the border with Gorj County. The village of Iscroni is crossed by national road DN66A [ro], which leads west to Vulcan, 5 km (3.1 mi) away, and Lupeni, 11 km (6.8 mi) away, and east to European route E79 and the city of Petroșani, 7 km (4.3 mi) to the northeast.
The Iscroni train station serves the CFR Line 214, a 17 km (11 mi) railway from Livezeni (in Petroșani) to Lupeni.

## History

Aninoasa is the oldest town in Hunedoara County, being mentioned as far back as 1453 AD.

## Demographics

At the 2021 census, the town had a pupation of 3,369. At the 2011 census, 88.18% of inhabitants were Romanians, 7.1% Roma, and 4.18% Hungarians.

## Natives

* Nicolae Guță (born 1967), musician
* Nicolae Ionescu (1949–1997), footballer
* Ștefania Stănilă (born 1997), artistic gymnast
* Andrei Stocker (born 1942), footballer
# Kyiv Institute of Business and Technology

Kiev Institute of Business and Technology or Kyiv Institute of Business and Technology (KIBiT) (Ukrainian: Київський інститут бізнесу та технологій; KIБіT) is a Ukrainian university founded in 1992 as the successor of Kyiv People's University for Technical Progress which was founded in 1961. Its address is Bilyzka street 41/43 in Kyiv.
# Our Lady of the Isles

Our Lady of the Isles (Gaelic: Moire ro Naomh nan Eilean or Bana Thighearna nan Eilean) is a sculpture of the Madonna and Child, on South Uist in the Outer Hebrides of Scotland.
The statue is situated on the western slopes of Ruabhal, a hill near the northern end of South Uist. It is to the east of the A865 road, and a paved path runs from the road to the statue.
The statue was commissioned following proposals from the Ministry of Defence for a large missile testing range. This would have covered much of Uist, and involved construction of a military town as well as facilities for building missiles. This caused concern it would destroy much of the island's way of life, culture and language. Resistance to the proposals was led by Canon John Morrison, the local parish priest, whose opposition to the range earned him the nickname "Father Rocket".
Canon Morrison both commissioned and raised funds for the construction of the statue, which was designed by Hew Lorimer, and sculpted from granite. The statue was completed in 1957, and dedicated in 1958.
After visiting South Uist during the research for his 2004 book The Last of the Celts, Marcus Tanner described the statue as one of the only visible proofs that visitors driving across South Uist, where most of the population defied the Penal Laws at great personal cost and remained members of the strictly illegal Catholic Church in Scotland, have left the Scottish Presbyterianism of John Knox behind.
In 2007 the statue was listed as a Category B listed building.

## In popular culture

* The 1958 dedication of the statue of Our Lady of the Isles and the instrumental role played in the project by Canon John Morrison are both important to the modern history of Scottish Gaelic literature. This is because they both were commemorated by important South Uist Bard Dòmhnall Iain Dhonnchaidh in a work of Christian poetry; Laoidh Statue Ruaidheabhal ("The Statue at Rueval").
# Mykhaylenko

Mykhaylenko or Mykhailenko (Ukrainian: Михайленко) is a Ukrainian last name derived from the Ukrainian first name Mykhailo or Mykhaylo. Russian spelling: Mikhailenko or Mikhaylenko. It may refer to:
* Dmitry Mikhaylenko (footballer, born 1995), Russian football player
* Dmitry Mikhaylenko (footballer, born 2000), Russian football player
* Dmytro Mykhaylenko (born 1973), Soviet and Ukrainian football player and coach
* Volodymyr Mykhailenko (born 1973), retired male decathlete from Ukraine
# Cigeľ

Cigeľ (Hungarian: Cégely) is a village and municipality in Prievidza District in the Trenčín Region of western Slovakia.

## History

In historical records the village was first mentioned in 1362.

## Geography

The municipality lies at an altitude of 460 metres and covers an area of 17.35 km$^2$. It has a population of about 1,036 people.

## Genealogical resources

The records for genealogical research are available at the state archive "Statny Archiv in Nitra, Slovakia"
* Roman Catholic church records (births/marriages/deaths): 1660-1895 (parish B)
# Roman Vorobey (footballer, born 1995)

Roman Vorobey (Ukrainian: Роман Володимирович Воробей; born 7 June 1995 in Volyn Oblast, Ukraine) is a Ukrainian football defender.

## Career

Vorobey is a product of his native FC Volyn Lutsk youth sportive school system.
He played in the Ukrainian Premier League Reserves for FC Volyn and the different Ukrainian amateur clubs. In August 2017, Vorobey signed again a contract with FC Volyn
# Sânmartin, Harghita

Sânmartin (Hungarian: Csíkszentmárton, Hungarian pronunciation:, meaning "St. Martin of Csík") is a commune in Harghita County, Romania. It lies in Székely Land, an ethno-cultural region in eastern Transylvania.

## Component villages

The commune is composed of three villages:
| In Romanian | In Hungarian |
| Ciucani | Csíkcsekefalva |
| Sânmartin | Csíkszentmárton |
| Valea Uzului | Uzvölgye |
Cozmeni (Csíkkozmás) along with the village of Lăzărești (Lázárfalva) have formed an independent commune since 2002.

## History

The villages belonged to the Székely seat of Csíkszék until the administrative reform of Transylvania in 1876, when they fell within Csík County in the Kingdom of Hungary. After the Treaty of Trianon of 1920, they became part of Romania and fell within Ciuc County during the interwar period. In 1940, the second Vienna Award granted the Northern Transylvania to Hungary and the villages were held by Hungary until 1944. After Soviet occupation, the Romanian administration returned and the commune became officially part of Romania in 1947. Between 1952 and 1960, the commune fell within the Magyar Autonomous Region, between 1960 and 1968 the Mureș-Magyar Autonomous Region. In 1968, the province was abolished, and since then, the commune has been part of Harghita County.

## Demographics

The commune has an absolute Hungarian Székely majority. According to the 2011 census it has a population of 2,308 which 98,83% or 2,281 are Hungarian.

## Economy

The size of the arable land is 1,109 ha, of which 526 ha are cultivated by the agricultural company Burgabotek MT. Pasture of an area of 474 ha belong to the commonages 'Csekefalva' and 'Aklós'. 1295 ha of reaper is owned by individual farmers. The area of forest is 1162 ha, of which 8 ha belong to individuals while the remaining parts belong to commonages.
Potato, grain - wheat, barley, rye - and sugar beet is grown by individual farmers and an agricultural association. Fodder is produced in private businesses, likewise, stock breeding is dealt with by individual farmers, cattle, swine, sheep, goats being kept in the village.
The most important branch of industrial activity is timber-industry, including logging and processing. Currently, four sawmills operate in the village and the production is exported to several European countries. The sawmills provide more than 100 jobs for locals.

## Twinnings

The commune is twinned with:
* Kenderes, Hungary
* Mórahalom, Hungary
* Zalahaláp, Hungary
* Sülysáp, Hungary
# Han Xiancong

Han Xiancong (Chinese: 韩先聪; born November 1955) is a former Chinese politician from Anhui province. He was best known for his term as the Chinese Communist Party Committee Secretary of the cities of Anqing and Chuzhou. From 2013 to 2014 he served as the vice-chairman of the Anhui provincial People's Political Consultative Conference, a largely ceremonial legislative consultation body. He was later investigated for corruption and indicted on criminal charges of bribery.

## Career

Han was born and raised in Feixi County, Anhui. He graduated from Anhui Agricultural University.
Shortly after the conclusion of the Cultural Revolution, Han worked in his hometown as a teacher at a local school. Han began working in January 1982 in the provincial agriculture and fisheries department. He joined the Chinese Communist Party in July 1984. In 1987, he entered the provincial government as a staffer of the General Office, and in 1991, he began working for the provincial agricultural economics commission.
Han served as the Deputy Party Secretary of Chaohu from October 1994 to July 1996. In August 1999, Han was transferred laterally to Anqing, where he ascended to become the party chief in April 2003. Than he served as the party chief of Chuzhou between February 2008 to February 2012. In February 2012, he was promoted to become the Secretary-general of the Government of Anhui Province.
In January 2013, Han, then 58, was appointed as the Vice-Chairman of Anhui Provincial Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference.
On July 12, 2014, Han was being investigated by the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection (CCDI) for "serious violations of laws and regulations". On December 11, 2014, the CCDI announced the expulsion of Han from the Chinese Communist Party; the investigation concluded that Han abused his power to seek gain for others, took "massive bribes", and presided over "serious loss of state assets". It was also said that he violated the Eight-point Regulation and regularly accepted elaborate dinner invitations paid for by public funds. In December 2015, Han was indicted on criminal charges of bribery and tried in the southeastern city of Nanping, in Fujian province. Han was sentenced to 16 years in prison in November 2016.
# Jean Deaux

Zoi Harris (born May 4, 1995), better known by her stage name Jean Deaux (/doʊ/) is an American musician. She is known for her involvement in multiple genres and creative mediums. Her debut EP Krash was released in October 19, 2018.

## Career

Deaux has appeared on tracks by other artists including Smino, Saba, Mick Jenkins, and Isaiah Rashad. She has noted Missy Elliott as one of her inspirations. Jean Deaux is a stage name inspired by the line 'that's John Doe' in a track by Rick Ross which she previously used as a Twitter handle before adopting it as a stage name. She is part of the hip hop collective The Village 777 with Alex Wiley, Monster Mike, Isaiah Rashad, Spiff, and The Magician. She is also part of the musical collective Medicine Woman with Ravyn Lenae, Drea Smith, and Via Rosa.
In 2017 she released a track titled Wikipedia, telling HotNewHipHop that "People are going to try and tell you who you are every step of the way, they'll even knock you down to convince you. But you get stronger every time you get up on your feet". The lead single Way Out from the Krash EP was positively reviewed by Pitchfork. The EP received positive reviews from Rolling Out, DJBooth and Chicago Reader. NPR listed Deaux as one of 20 'artists to watch' in 2019.

## Discography
### Extended plays

| Title | Details |
| Krash | Released: October 19, 2018 Label: EMPIRE Format: Digital download, streaming |
| Empathy | Released: June 14, 2019 Label: EMPIRE Format: Digital download, streaming |
| Watch This! | Released: May 4, 2020 Label: EMPIRE Format: Digital download, streaming |
| Most Wanted | Released: November 19, 2021 Label: Duality Records, EMPIRE Format: Digital download, streaming |
| Heavy | Released: April 14, 2023 Label: Duality Records, EMPIRE Format: Digital download, streaming |
| Nowhere, Fast | Released: April 12, 2024 Label: Guin Records Format: Digital download, streaming |

### Singles
#### As lead artist

List of singles as lead artist, with showing year released and album name :
| Title | Year | Album |
| "Wikipedia" | 2017 | Wikipedia |
| "Energy" | 2018 | Krash |
| "Back 2 You" | 2018 | Krash |
| "Roll With Me" | 2023 | Nowhere, Fast |

### Guest appearances

List of non-single guest appearances, with other performing artists, showing year released and album name :
| Title | Year | Other artist(s) | Album |
| "Est. N19g4" | 2012 | Saba | GETCOMFORTable |
| "Noah and The Reign" | 2013 | Mick Jenkins | Trees & Truths |
| "Menthol" | 2014 | Isaiah Rashad | Cilvia Demo |
| "Healer" | 2014 | Mick Jenkins | The Water[s] |
| "Kajun" | 2016 | Smino, Phoelix | Non-album single |
| "Lemon Pon Goose" | 2016 | Smino | Non-album single |
| "Loner" | 2016 | Mykki Blanco | Mykki |
| "Photosynthesis" | 2016 | Saba | Bucket List Project |
| "Amphetamine" | 2017 | Smino, Bari, Noname | blkswn |
| "Taranphoeno" | 2018 | Phoelix, Smino | TEMPO |
| "Edward Scissorhands" | 2019 | Pivot Gang | You Can't Sit With Us |
| "One Day" | 2020 | Tokimonsta, Bibi Bourelly | Oasis Nocturno |
| "On One" | 2023 | ZZ Ward | Dirty Shine |
# Tegene

The Tegene (Kazakh: Тегене; Russian: Тегене) is a river in the Aktobe Region and Ulytau Region, Kazakhstan. It has a length of 117 km (73 mi) and a drainage basin of 2,530 km$^2$ (980 sq mi).
The Tegene flows wholly across uninhabited territory. Its basin is used seasonally for livestock grazing, before the burnout of the grass in the summer. The name of the river originated in the Kazakh language word for "bowl".

## Course

The river originates in springs located in the Mashay Kemer. In its first stretch it flows roughly westwards to the north of the Saryapankum Sands (Russian: Пески Сарыапанкум). Halfway through its course the river describes a wide bend and flows northwards, bending again to the west in its final stretch. The Tegene has its mouth in the northwestern end of the Shalkarteniz endorheic lake, to the north of the mouth of the Zhyngyldyozek.
The river is fed by the winter snows and flows only in the spring. In the summer it dries up.