OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Hemp in France

Hemp (French: chanvre) has been grown continuously in France for hundreds of years or longer for use as a textile, paper, animal bedding, and for nautical applications.

## History

There is archaeological evidence that Neolithic Europeans used hemp cloth in what is now Southern France 4,000 years BP. Hemp was introduced as a crop from Central and East Asia to Europe by the Scythians during the Bronze Age, and it was cultivated in France by 1000 CE and used for a number of purposes including canvas for sails and sacks, rope, and as a textile. William Shakespeare wrote of the quality of hemp cloth from Locronan in the tragedy Coriolanus. The Corderie Royale was built at Arsenal de Rochefort in 1666 for hemp rope needed by the Royal (French) Navy's rigging. In the 19th century, hemp production reached 200,000 hectares (490,000 acres). Breton hemp (from Brittany) was considered some of the finest in the world. The French Navy "always" used national hemp sources for oakum necessary to seal wooden boats and ships.

### Decline

Production declined and nearly went extinct with the introduction of other fibers, especially cotton, until its reintroduction in the 1960s. France is the only Western European country that never prohibited hemp cultivation in the 20th century.

## Modern hemp

France produced more than half of the hemp in Europe most years between 1993 and 2015. Most modern hemp seed cultivars originate from France and a handful of other European countries, or China. Hemp fiber from France is used to make hemp paper and the hurds are used to make bedding for horses and other domesticated animals. As of 1994, most of the crop was used to make high quality paper for Bibles, currency and rolling paper.
Coopérative Centrale Des Producteurs De Semences De Chanvre is the main supplier of hempseed in the European Union.
# Neil Wilkinson (footballer)

Neil Wilkinson (16 February 1955 – 2 August 2016) was an English footballer. A right-back, he made 112 league appearances in a nine-year career in the Football League, turning out for Blackburn Rovers, Port Vale, and Crewe Alexandra. He won the Third Division title with Rovers in 1974–75.

## Career

Wilkinson began his career with Blackburn Rovers, beginning his apprenticeship in August 1971. He made his first-team debut in the FA Cup at Lincoln City on 18 November 1972. He turned professional in February 1973. Blackburn finished third in the Third Division in 1972–73 under the stewardship of Ken Furphy. They dropped to 13th in 1973–74, before new boss Gordon Lee guided them to promotion as champions in 1974–75. Jim Smith then took charge at Ewood Park, as Rovers retained their Second Division status with mid-table finishes in 1975–76 and 1976–77. Wilkinson was only a first-team regular for part of the 1975–76 season when Mick Heaton was out injured and was behind Derek Fazackerley and Kevin Hird in the pecking order during the 1976–77 campaign. Wilkinson then spent a brief time in South Africa before he returned to England to join Fourth Division club Port Vale in June 1978. He played nine competitive games for Dennis Butler's "Valiants" in 1978–79, before being transferred to Warwick Rimmer's Crewe Alexandra, along with £3,000, in exchange for Kevin Tully in October 1978. The "Railwaymen" finished bottom of the Football League in 1978–79, and under Tony Waddington's stewardship had to re-apply for re-election again in 1979–80, before rising to 18th place in 1980–81.

## Career statistics

Source:
| Club | Season | Division | League | League | FA Cup | FA Cup | Other | Other | Total | Total |
| Club | Season | Division | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals |
| Blackburn Rovers | 1972–73 | Third Division | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 |
| Blackburn Rovers | 1973–74 | Third Division | 4 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 8 | 0 |
| Blackburn Rovers | 1974–75 | Third Division | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 5 | 0 |
| Blackburn Rovers | 1975–76 | Second Division | 21 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 22 | 0 |
| Blackburn Rovers | 1976–77 | Second Division | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 5 | 0 |
| Blackburn Rovers | Total | Total | 30 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 10 | 0 | 42 | 0 |
| Port Vale | 1978–79 | Fourth Division | 7 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 9 | 0 |
| Crewe Alexandra | 1978–79 | Fourth Division | 26 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 28 | 0 |
| Crewe Alexandra | 1979–80 | Fourth Division | 38 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 39 | 0 |
| Crewe Alexandra | 1980–81 | Fourth Division | 11 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 13 | 0 |
| Crewe Alexandra | Total | Total | 75 | 0 | 4 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 80 | 0 |
| Career total | Career total | Career total | 112 | 0 | 6 | 0 | 13 | 0 | 131 | 0 |

## Honours

Blackburn Rovers
* Football League Third Division: 1974–75
# John Alderson (footballer)

John Henry Alderson (5 March 1910 – 1986) was a footballer who played in the Football League for Darlington. He was born in England.

## Career statistics

| Club | Season | League | League | League | FA Cup | FA Cup | Total | Total |
| Club | Season | Division | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals |
| Stoke City | 1930–31 | Second Division | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Darlington | 1932–33 | Third Division North | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 1 |
| Career total | Career total | Career total | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 1 |
# Financial crisis in america

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#REDIRECT Great Recession#United States policy responses
# Kolik, Nur

Kolik (Persian: كليك, also Romanized as Kolīk) is a village in Sheykh Fazlolah-e Nuri Rural District, Baladeh District, Nur County, Mazandaran Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 79, in 27 families.
# Yahya Taher Abdullah

Yahya Taher Abdullah (Arabic: يحيى الطاهر عبدالله ; 1942–1981) was an Egyptian writer.

## Biography

Abdullah born in Karnak in 1942. He grew up in Upper Egypt, but moved to Cairo in 1964. One of the first to recognize his talents was the writer and editor Edwar al-Kharrat who arranged a monthly stipend for him. Nonetheless, Abdullah lived a meagre existence. He gained renown in literary circles for live readings of his stories, and published several novellas and short story collections. He had no formal literary training, but was widely regarded as one of the top young Egyptian writers of the 1960s. Abdullah was one of the contributors of the avant-garde literary magazine Galerie 68 which was launched in 1968. He died in a car crash in the Western Desert on 9 April 1981.
In his memoirs, the translator Denys Johnson-Davies describes his acquaintanceship with Abdullah and his struggle to publish the author's short stories in English. That first collection, eventually published as part of the Heinemann Arab Authors series, was called The Mountain Of Green Tea and is still available from the AUC Press. More recently, The Collar and the Bracelet was translated by Samah Selim and published by the AUC Press in 2009. Selim won the Banipal Prize for her translation. The Collar and the Bracelet was also adapted for the screen by the famous realist film director Khairy Bishara in 1986.
# Pridorozhnoye, Romnensky District, Amur Oblast

Pridorozhnoye (Russian: Придорожное) is a rural locality (a selo) in Chergalinsky Selsoviet of Romnensky District, Amur Oblast, Russia. The population was 42 as of 2018. There is 1 street.

## Geography

Pridorozhnoye is located on the right bank of the Gorbyl River, 24 km northeast of Romny (the district's administrative centre) by road. Smolyanoye is the nearest rural locality.
# Era Fascista

The Era Fascista (English: 'Fascist Era') was a calendar era (year numbering) used in the Fascist-ruled Kingdom of Italy. The March on Rome, or more precisely the accession of Mussolini as prime minister on 29 October 1922, is day 1 of Anno I of the Era Fascista. The calendar was introduced in 1926 and became official in Anno V (1927). Each year of the Era Fascista was an Anno Fascista, abbreviated A.F.
The Era Fascista calendar was inspired by the French Republican calendar.
Era Fascista dates often consisted of the Gregorian date followed by the corresponding Era Fascista year in Roman numerals, as part of Fascist propaganda's appropriation of ancient Roman iconography. The Era Fascista year was sometimes written as "Anno XIX", "A. XIX", or marked "E.F." The calendar was intended to replace the "bourgeois" Gregorian calendar in Italian public life to the extent that, in 1939, newspapers were forbidden to write about New Year's Day.
The tenth anniversary of the March on Rome, Anno X, was called the Decennale (evoking the ancient Roman Decennalia). The propaganda centerpiece of Anno X was the Exhibition of the Fascist Revolution.
The calendar was abandoned in most of Italy with the fall of the Fascist regime in 1943 (Anno XXI), but continued to be used in the rump Republic of Salò until the death of Mussolini in April 1945 (Anno XXIII).
Many monuments in Italy still bear Era Fascista dates.
# Sterche

Sterche (Ukrainian: Стерче; Romanian: Stârcea) is a commune (selsoviet) in Chernivtsi Raion, Chernivtsi Oblast, Ukraine. It is composed of a single village, Sterche. It belongs to Hlyboka settlement hromada, one of the hromadas of Ukraine.
Until 18 July 2020, Sterche belonged to Hlyboka Raion. The raion was abolished in July 2020 as part of the administrative reform of Ukraine, which reduced the number of raions of Chernivtsi Oblast to three. The area of Hlyboka Raion was merged into Chernivtsi Raion.
# Al Fassiyine Synagogue

The Al Fassiyine Synagogue or Slat Al Fassiyine (Hebrew: בית הכנסת סלאת אל פאסיין; Arabic: بيعة صلاة الفاسيين) is a synagogue located in the Mellah of Fes el-Jdid, within the historic medina of Fez, Morocco. The Slat al-Fassiyine Synagogue was one of the few synagogues where the non-Sephardic rituals of the toshavim (indigenous Moroccan Jews) continued up until the 20th century.

## History

Slat al-Fassiyin ("Prayer of the Fessis" or "Prayer of the People from Fez") is reputed to be the oldest synagogue of the Mellah of Fez and one of the oldest in continuous use. It is thought to have been built during the Marinid Sultanate (13th-15th centuries). Its current building dates from the 17th century. In 1791–92, Moulay Yazid expelled the Jews from the Mellah and turned Slat al Fassiyine into a prison. However, after a short period, he allowed them to go back.

### Decline

The synagogue continued being used actively through the end of the 1950s, when most of the Jewish community left the country for Israel, France, and Montreal (Canada). After Morocco gained its independence from France in 1956, the synagogue fell into disrepair and was eventually turned into a carpet-making workshop, and later a boxing gymnasium.

### Restoration

The synagogue was reinaugurated in February 2013 by the Prime Minister Abdelilah Benkirane, with the funds for the restoration coming from the German government, the Jewish community of Fez, the Foundation for Moroccan Jewish Cultural Heritage, and the Moroccan government.
# Hell River

Hell River, also known as Partisans (Serbo-Croatian: Partizani / Партизани) and The Last Guerilla, is a 1974 Yugoslav partisan film starring Rod Taylor as a Yugoslav raised in America who returns home to fight the Germans as a Partisan in World War II. Adam West plays a German officer.
The film was shot on location in Yugoslavia, and claims to be based on a true story. There are several versions, including an original three-hour cut made for Yugoslavian television, and a feature-length version for the American market. Rod Taylor was involved in rewriting and shooting some additional scenes during post production.

## Cast

* Rod Taylor as Marko
* Adam West as Capt. Kurt Kohler
* Brioni Farrell as Anna Kleitz
* Bata Živojinović as Brka
* Peter Carsten as Col. Henke
* Olivera Katarina as Mila
* Branko Pleša as Brig. Gen. Steiger
* Marinko Šebez as Sele
* Janez Vrhovec as Col. Hoffmann
* Dragomir Felba as Chicha
* Gizela Vuković as Woman Mayor
* Cane Firaunović as Lt. Schuler
* Jovan Janićijević as Machek
* Dragomir Čumić as Partisan (uncredited)
* Dragomir Stanojevic as German (uncredited)
* Zoran Stojiljković as German Officer (uncredited)
* Predrag Milinković as Jewish Refugee (uncredited)
# Khabbab ibn al-Aratt

Khabbāb ibn al-Aratt (Arabic: خبّاب بن الأرتّ), c. 585 – c. 660, was a Companion of the Islamic prophet Muhammad whom Islamic tradition regards as one of the ten earliest converts to Islam. Born as a slave in Mecca, he later became a swordsmith and was able to build up enough of a reputation to eventually get freed by his master. His beautiful recitation of the Quran is said to have been the direct cause of Umar ibn al-Khattab's (died 644, reigned as the second caliph 634–644) conversion to Islam in c. 616.

## Biography

Khabbab ibn al-Aratt's background is uncertain, as medieval sources give widely different accounts. While some accounts regarded him in various ways as a mawlā (non-Arab client) of the Arab Banu Zuhra tribe, his descendants claimed that his father (whose name they gave as al-Aratt ibn Jandala ibn Saʿd ibn Khuzayma ibn Kaʿb ibn Saʿd) belonged to the Banu Sa'd branch of the Arab Banu Tamim tribe. However, he most likely was the son of a non-Arab inhabitant of the Sawād (southern Iraq), perhaps an Iraqi Nabataean, who was brought to Mecca as a slave and sold to someone belonging to the Arab Khuza'a tribe. His name al-Aratt, which literally means 'afflicted by a speech impairment', likely points to someone who did not master Arabic like a native speaker would.
As a slave and early convert Khabbab suffered heavily from the persecution of early Muslims by the Meccan elite, which would lead later tradition to see him as a symbol of Islam's power to emancipate and to reward steadfast belief regardless of origin or status. In 622 Khabbab was able to escape Mecca by participating in the migration (Hijra) of Muhammad and the early Muslims to Medina. He fought at the Battle of Badr in 624 and was highly regarded by Umar during his reign in 634–644. He died a rich man, in the year 657/658 (37 AH) or 659/660 (39 AH), and was buried outside of a village near Kufa where he had his estate. His son Abd Allah ibn Khabbab was murdered by the Kharijites.
Khabbab later figured as a transmitter of reports about Muhammad that were collected by the 8th/9th-century scholars of hadith, thirteen of which appeared in the Six Books recognized as most authoritative by Sunni Muslims.
# Miskolc District

Miskolc (Hungarian: Miskolci járás) is a district in central-western part of Borsod-Abaúj-Zemplén County. Miskolc is also the name of the town where the district seat is found. The district is located in the Northern Hungary Statistical Region.

## Geography

Miskolc District borders with Kazincbarcika District, Edelény District and Szikszó District to the north, Szerencs District and Tiszaújváros District to the east, Mezőcsát District to the south, Mezőkövesd District to the southwest, Eger District and Bélapátfalva District (Heves County) to the west. The number of the inhabited places in Miskolc District is 39.

## Municipalities

The district has 1 urban county, 6 towns, 1 large village and 31 villages. (ordered by population, as of 1 January 2012)
* Alsózsolca (5,937)
* Arnót (2,544)
* Berzék (1,145)
* Bőcs (2,754)
* Bükkaranyos (1,467)
* Bükkszentkereszt (1,212)
* Emőd (4,895)
* Felsőzsolca (6,750)
* Gesztely (2,798)
* Harsány (2,014)
* Hernádkak (1,632)
* Hernádnémeti (3,417)
* Kisgyőr (1,648)
* Kistokaj (2,121)
* Kondó (607)
* Köröm (1,388)
* Mályi (4,111)
* Miskolc (166,823) – district and county seat
* Nyékládháza (5,001)
* Onga (4,775)
* Ónod (2,595)
* Parasznya (1,166)
* Radostyán (591)
* Répáshuta (464)
* Sajóbábony (2,782)
* Sajóecseg (1,007)
* Sajóhídvég (1,048)
* Sajókápolna (404)
* Sajókeresztúr (1,505)
* Sajólád (3,095)
* Sajólászlófalva (419)
* Sajópálfala (727)
* Sajópetri (1,515)
* Sajósenye (446)
* Sajóvámos (2,200)
* Sóstófalva (262)
* Szirmabesenyő (4,344)
* Újcsanálos (867)
* Varbó (1,087)
The bolded municipalities are cities, italics municipality is large village.

## Demographics

Religion in Miskolc District (2011 census)
In 2011, it had a population of 250,530 and the population density was 258/km².
| Year | County population | Change |
| 2011 | 250,530 | n/a |

### Ethnicity

Besides the Hungarian majority, the main minorities are the Roma (approx. 12,500), German (1,200), Slovak (1,000), Rusyn and Romanian (300), Polish, Russian and Bulgarian (200), Greek and Ukrainian (150) and Arab (100).
Total population (2011 census): 250,530 Ethnic groups (2011 census): Identified themselves: 232,864 persons:
* Hungarians: 215,090 (92.37%)
* Gypsies: 12,061 (5.18%)
* Others and indefinable: 5,713 (2.45%)
Approx. 18,000 persons in Miskolc District did not declare their ethnic group at the 2011 census.

### Religion

Religious adherence in the county according to 2011 census:
* Catholic – 90,927 (Roman Catholic – 80,143; Greek Catholic – 10,765);
* Reformed – 44,505;
* Evangelical – 1,925;
* other religions – 4,215;
* Non-religious – 35,919;
* Atheism – 3,197;
* Undeclared – 69,842.

## Gallery

* Miskolc, the district seat
* Aerial view of Lillafüred
* View of Nyékládháza
* Diósgyőr Castle
* Szinva Terrace
* Town Hall in Miskolc
* Ónod Castle
* Meat-jelly Festival
# West Malvern

West Malvern is a village and a civil parish on the west side of the north part of the Malvern Hills, on the western edge of Worcestershire, England. It has become effectively a suburb of Malvern and part of an urban area often called The Malverns, locally administered by Malvern Hills District Council and its own parish council. Its altitude up to 250 metres gives West Malvern panoramic views of the Herefordshire countryside to the west. The Church of St James, built in 1840, has an adjacent Church of England primary school. The churchyard includes the grave of Peter Mark Roget, author of Roget's Thesaurus, who died while on holiday in the village. The 2011 Census population of 1,385 was estimated at 1,263 in 2019.

## Etymology

The name Malvern is first attested in a charter of around 1030, as Mælfern, and then in the Domesday Book of 1086 as Malferna. The name derives from the Common Brittonic words that survive in modern Welsh as moel ("bare") and bryn ("hill"); thus it once meant "bare hill". The name perhaps applied originally to the hill now called Worcester Beacon, after which Great Malvern and Little Malvern were then named. The West element of West Malvern was added in modern times to distinguish the settlement from these older centres.$^{:341}$

## Culture

Since 2005 West Malvern has hosted an annual one-day music festival West Fest. In years when West Fest makes a profit the committee distributes grants "to support community action, cultural development, training or to meet special needs." From the profits of West Fest 2008 "a total of £7,150 was distributed" in the Malvern Hills area to 2nd Malvern Link Brownies, the Theatre of Small Convenience, West Malvern Sean Éireann McMahon Academy (Irish dancing), West Malvern Cricket Club, Malvern Mencap, St James Primary School, Leapfrogs Playgroup, and Malvern Access Group. There has also been a regular weekly acoustic music session in the village each Sunday evening since 1996.
On 20–22 August 2010 a visual arts festival was held in the village, in support of the Malvern Hills Community Foundation, in a variety of venues including the Regents Theological College, St James's Church, St James Primary School, and the Brewers Arms pub. Local garages, gazebos, and even garden walls and railings were also used to display artworks. The event, which is intended to become annual, was modelled on a similar arts festival at Saint-Céneri-le-Gérei in Normandy, France.

## Landmarks

The Malvern Hills area is well known for its Malvern water and there are several springs and wells in West Malvern including Westminster Bank Spout, St James Churchyard Basin, West Malvern Tap, Hayslad, Royal Well, and Ryland's Well and St Thomas' Well.
There were quarries around West Malvern including Dingle and several more.
* Hayslad Spout after a well dressing festival

## Transport
### Rail

The nearest railway stations are Malvern Link (for the northern end of the parish) and Colwall (for the southern end), both on the Cotswold Line between Hereford and Worcester.

### Bus

Local bus services connect West Malvern with the surrounding area.
# Socialist Youth Union (Brazil)

The Socialist Youth Union (Portuguese: União da Juventude Socialista, UJS), founded 1984, is the youth organization of the Communist Party of Brazil.
# Kim Yik-yung

Kim Yik Yung (Korean: 김익영; born 19 February 1935) in Chongjin, Hamgyong, is a South Korean ceramic artist.
She studied chemical engineering at Seoul National University and then went to the US, where she studied ceramics at Alfred University in New York. After returning to Korea, she worked as a researcher in the National Museum of Modern and Contemporary Art, South Korea.
Kim was co-winner of the 2004 "Artist of the Year" award from the National Museum of Modern and Contemporary Art for significant contribution to the development of Korean contemporary ceramic art. Her work has been shown in major exhibitions in Korea, Japan, the United States, and Europe.

## Education

* 1957 B. S. Degree, Chemical Engineering, Seoul National University
* 1958 Finished 1-year course of Ceramic Engineering, Seoul National University
* 1959 Finished 1-year course of Crafts and Arts, Hongik University
* 1961 M. F. A. College of Ceramics at Alfred University

## Experiences

* 1958-1959 Research Assistant, AID Central Design Demonstration Center
* 1960-1961 Teaching Assistant, College of Ceramics at Alfred University
* 1961-1963 Assistant to the Curator, National Museum of Korea
* 1963-1964 Full-time Instructor, Duksung Women's University
* 1964-1965 Invitational Research instructor, Kyoto City University of Arts
* 1965-1967 Instructor, Housing and Interior Design, Yonsei University
* 1967-1968 Research Assistant, AID Design Development Project
* 1969-1974 Planning Manager, Design Development Section, Korea Trade Promotion Center
* 1975-2000 Professor, Ceramics Design, College of Design and Architecture, Kookmin University in Korea
* 2000-present Professor emeritus, Kookmin University

## Work in Collections

* National Gallery of Contemporary Arts, South Korea
* Hoam Art Museum, Seoul, Korea
* Youngeun Museum of Art, Daeyu Cultural Foundation, Korea
* Everson Museum, Syracuse, U. S. A.
* Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, U. S. A.
* Royal Museum of Mariemont, Brussels, Belgium
* British Museum, United Kingdom
* National Museum of Scotland, United Kingdom
* Victoria and Albert Museum, United Kingdom
* Detroit Institute of Art, U. S. A.
* Royal Ontario Museum, Canada
* Smithsonian Institution, U. S. A.
* National Museum of History, Taipei
* Asian Art Museum, U. S. A.
* Philadelphia Museum of Art, U. S. A.
* Smart Museum of Art, U. S. A.
* Honolulu Academy of Arts, U. S. A.
* Hawaii University Gallery, U. S. A.
* San Antonio Museum of Art, U. S. A.