OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Apple A12

The Apple A12 Bionic is a 64-bit ARM-based system on a chip (SoC) designed by Apple Inc., part of the Apple silicon series, It first appeared in the iPhone XS and XS Max, iPhone XR, iPad Air (3rd generation), iPad Mini (5th generation), iPad (8th generation) and Apple TV 4K (2nd generation). Apple states that the two high-performance cores are 15% faster and 40% more energy-efficient than the Apple A11's, and the four high-efficiency cores use 50% less power than the A11's. It is the first mass-market system on a chip to be built using the 7 nm process.

## Design

The Apple A12 SoC features an Apple-designed 64-bit ARMv8.3-A six-core CPU, with two high-performance cores called Vortex, running at 2.49 GHz, and four energy-efficient cores called Tempest. The Vortex cores are a 7-wide decode out-of-order superscalar design, while the Tempest cores are a 3-wide decode out-of-order superscalar design. Like the A11's Mistral cores, the Tempest cores are based on Apple's Swift cores from the Apple A6.
The A12 also integrates an Apple-designed four-core graphics processing unit (GPU) with 50% faster graphics performance than the A11. The A12 includes dedicated neural network hardware that Apple calls a "Next-generation Neural Engine." This neural network hardware has eight cores and can perform up to 5 trillion 8-bit operations per second. Unlike the A11's Neural Engine, third-party apps can access the A12's Neural Engine.
The A12 is manufactured by TSMC using a 7 nm FinFET process, the first to ship in a consumer product, containing 6.9 billion transistors. The die size of the A12 is 83.27 mm$^2$, 5% smaller than the A11. It is manufactured in a package on package (PoP) together with 4 GiB of LPDDR4X memory in the iPhone XS and XS Max and 3 GB of LPDDR4X memory in the iPhone XR, the iPad Air (2019), the 5th generation iPad mini, and the iPad (2020). The ARMv8.3 instruction set it supports brings a significant security improvement in the form of pointer authentication, which mitigates exploitation techniques such as those involving memory corruption, Jump-Oriented-Programming, and Return-Oriented-Programming.
The A12 has video codec encoding support for HEVC and H.264. It has decoding support for HEVC, H.264, MPEG‑4 Part 2, and Motion JPEG.
Die Block Comparison (mm²) :
| SoC | A12 (7 nm) | A11 (10 nm) |
| Total Die | 83.27 | 87.66 |
| Big Core | 2.07 | 2.68 |
| Small Core | 0.43 | 0.53 |
| CPU Complex (incl. cores) | 11.90 | 14.48 |
| GPU Core | 3.23 | 4.43 |
| GPU Total | 14.88 | 15.28 |
| NPU | 5.79 | 1.83 |

## Products that include the Apple A12 Bionic

* iPhone XS & XS Max
* iPhone XR
* iPad Mini (5th generation)
* iPad Air (3rd generation)
* iPad (8th generation)
* Apple TV 4K (2nd generation)
# 9,10-Dithioanthracene

9,10-Dithioanthracene (DTA) is an organic molecule and a derivative of anthracene with two thiol groups. In 2004, DTA molecules were demonstrated to be able to "walk" in a straight line (reportedly a first) on a metal surface by, in effect, mimicking the bipedal motion of a human being. The sulfur-bearing functional groups on either side (referred to as "linkers") serve as the molecule's "feet". When the compound is heated on a flat copper surface, the linkers raise up, alternating from side to side, and propel the molecule forward.
During testing at UC Riverside's Center for Nanoscale Science and Engineering, the molecule took about 10,000 unassisted nano-scale steps, moving in a straight line without requiring the assistance of nano-rails or nano-grooves for guidance. As described by one of the researchers, "Similar to a human walking, where one foot is kept on the ground while the other moves forward and propels the body, our molecule always has one linker on a flat surface, which prevents the molecule from stumbling to the side or veering off course." Researchers believe the project could lead to the development of molecular computers in which DTA or other similar molecules would function as nano-abacuses.
# Pontões Capixabas Natural Monument

Pontões Capixabas Natural Monument (Portuguese: Monumento Natural dos Pontões Capixabas) is a natural monument in the state of Espírito Santo, Brazil.

## Location

The Pontões Capixabas Natural Monument lies in the Atlantic Forest biome. It covers 17,443 hectares (43,100 acres). It is in the municipalities of Águia Branca and Pancas in the state of Espírito Santo.
The terrain includes the escarpment of the Serra da Mantiqueira and part of the Jequitinhonha-Pardo plateau. The streams are in the watershed of the Pancas River, a tributary of the Doce River. Average annual rainfall is 1,250 millimetres (49 in). Average temperature is 24 °C (75 °F). Altitudes range from 120 to 1,000 metres (390 to 3,280 ft). The conservation unit holds a remnant of dense rainforest.

## History

It was created as a national park by decree on 19 December 2002. It became part of the Central Atlantic Forest Ecological Corridor, created in 2002. Law 11.686 of 2 June 2008 changed the designation of the Pontões Capixabas National Park to the Pontões Capixabas Natural Monument. The unit is administered by the Chico Mendes Institute for Biodiversity Conservation. The conservation unit is classed as IUCN protected area category III (natural monument or feature). The primary objective is to preserve the rocky features, the associated flora and fauna, and the landscape. The cougar (Puma concolor) is a protected species in the unit.
# Máirín de Burca

Máirín de Burca (born 1938) is an Irish writer, journalist and activist. She is particularly well known in her role with Mary Anderson, of forcing a change in Irish law to enable women to serve on juries.

## Activism

A leading Sinn Féin and Official Sinn Féin member (General Secretary for 11 years), de Burca was a founding member of the Irish Women's Liberation Movement in 1970. She was also a member of the Dublin Housing Action Committee, formed in May 1967, the Irish Voice on Vietnam, the Irish Anti-Apartheid movement, the Prisoner's Rights Organisation and Right to Die Ireland. As an activist she has been jailed for 3 months (for her anti-Vietnam War activities where she took down the flag and burnt it) and fined (for her attacks on Richard Nixon's car during a visit to Ireland) during 1970. In 1971 the Contraceptive Train was organised by the Irish Women's Liberation Movement. This was a train to Northern Ireland so that women could buy contraceptives and openly bring them back to the Republic. This subject was delicate and de Burca made the active decision not to go as she feared the reaction because she was not married at the time.
She was the Official Sinn Féin candidate at the 1973 general election for the Dublin North-Central constituency. She received 1,667 (4.8%) first-preference votes but was not elected.
She has been involved in a legal case which changed Irish law and Ireland. The two litigants were represented in court by Mary Robinson and Donal Barrington. That case allowed for the Juries Act 1976 which now allows any Irish citizen aged 18 or over who is registered to vote in general elections to be involved in a jury. Despite her activism, de Burca is considered a militant pacifist.
In 2017 de Burca was awarded the Honorary degree of Doctor of Law by University College Dublin. A Supreme Court judge who found against her concluded his judgement by saying: "I admire Máirín de Búrca for her humanity and compassionate concern for the underprivileged, and admire her for her courage in sacrificing her liberty on their behalf."
# Calocerus

Saint Calocerus (Italian: Caio, Calocero, Calogero) was a 2nd-century Christian martyr. His alleged "acts", belong to a much later period.

## Narrative

He was probably an officer in the Roman army under the Roman emperor Hadrian and was stationed in Brescia in Lombardy, Italy. His life and legend are associated with Saints Faustinus and Jovita, and according to tradition, all three saints were soldiers from Brescia. The constancy of Faustinus and Jovita led to the conversion of Calocerus, who in turn converted Secundus of Asti.
According to tradition, Calocerus preached at Albenga and was martyred in this town.

## Veneration

A local cult devoted to Calocerus was limited to the dioceses of Brescia, Milan, Asti, Ivrea and Tortona. The cathedral of Albenga, built in the fourth and fifth centuries, was dedicated to him. The alleged tomb of Saint Calocerus is conserved in the Civic Museum at Albenga. The cathedral of Albenga contains an urn with some of his relics.
# Sydney Sarel

Sydney Lancaster Sarel (18 June 1872 – 23 December 1950) was a British track and field athlete who competed in racewalking events. At the 1908 Summer Olympics, he was eliminated in the first round of the 3500 metre walk competition.
He was educated at Tonbridge School and studied natural sciences at Keble College, Oxford. He taught science at Sir William Borlase's Grammar School before training for the priesthood. He was ordained in 1898 and served as a curate in Hoxton, then as vicar of St Matthew's, Bethnal Green.
He dedicated himself to missionary work and also the promotion of athletics. He was the president of London Athletic Club in 1928.
# Kokona Iwasaki

Kokona Iwasaki (born 8 October 2002) is a Japanese professional footballer who plays as a midfielder for WE League club Tokyo Verdy Beleza.

## Club career

Iwasaki made her WE League debut on 25 September 2021.

## Honours

Tokyo Verdy Beleza
* AFC Women's Club Championship: 2019
# Yervand Manaryan

Yervand Manaryan (Armenian: Երվանդ Մանարյան; September 20, 1924 – February 19, 2020) was an Iranian-born Armenian actor.
Manaryan was born in Arak, Iran in 1924 in a family from Agulis, Nakhichevan. In 1946 his family repatriated to Soviet Armenia along with thousands of other Iranian Armenians. He was an atheist.
The actor was a member of the Armenian National Congress of former President Levon Ter-Petrosyan.
Manaryan died in February 2020, aged 95.

## Filmography

According to IMDb
* Karine (1969)
* Morgan's Relative (1970)
* Chaos (1974)
* A Bride from the North (1975)
* Priekhali na konkurs povara... (1977)
* Arevik (1978)
* Captain Arakel (1986)
* Comrade Panjuni (1992)
* Le piano (2011)
* Garegin Nzhdeh (2013)

## Awards

* Honored Artist of Armenia (2003)
* Artavazd Award of the UTEA (2005)
* Honorary Citizen of Yerevan (2019)
# George Bond (footballer)

George Albert Bond (11 February 1910 – 1982) was an English professional footballer. He played for Millwall and Gillingham between 1931 and 1936, making 69 appearances in the Football League, before emigrating to Malta.
# Jacobus Buys

Jacobus Buys (19 November 1724 – 7 April 1801) was a Dutch painter and engraver.
Buys was born in Amsterdam the son of a wig-maker. He studied under Cornelis Pronk, Jacob de Wit, and Cornelis Troost, and ultimately became director of the Amsterdam Drawing Academy. He painted portraits, bas-reliefs, and tapestry, designed book-illustrations, and made copies of the works of the best masters of the seventeenth century. Buys became a member of Amsterdam's Guild of St Luke in 1750, and died in 1801.
# Shushi Province

Shushi Province (Armenian: Շուշիի շրջան) was a province of the breakaway Republic of Artsakh. The province had 7 communities of which 1 is considered urban and 6 are rural. The town of Shushi (Shushi) and Karin Tak came under control of Azerbaijan after the 2020 Battle of Shusha.

## Sites of interest

* Shushi, its largest community
* The "rock" of Shushi, below which is the village of Karin Tak (Քարին Տակ; Under the Rock). The "rock" is prominent in Armenian history as it was from there that Armenian fighters ambushed the Armenian military who were held in Shushi during the First Artsakh
* Ghazanchetsots Cathedral, 1868–1887
* The Shushi Tank Memorial
* The church of Kanach Zham (Կանաչ Ժամ եկեղեցի), 1847
* The Shushi tank memorial
* Ghazanchetsots Cathedral
# Hayduta Buttress

Hayduta Buttress (Bulgarian: рид Хайдута, ‘Rid Hayduta’ \'rid hay-'du-ta\) is the rounded, mostly ice-covered buttress 13.5 km long in E-W direction and 7.5 km wide, rising to 1287 m on the west side of Hemimont Plateau on Fallières Coast in Graham Land, Antarctica. The feature has steep and partly ice-free south, west and north slopes, and surmounts Perutz Glacier to the south, Blind Bay to the west and Barnes Glacier to the north.
The buttress is named after Hayduta Peak in Rila Mountain, Bulgaria.

## Location

Hayduta Buttress is located at 67°33′50″S 66°26′45″W﻿ / ﻿67.56389°S 66.44583°W﻿ / -67.56389; -66.44583, which is 13 km south-southwest of Smilyan Bastion, 12.7 km north of Shapkarev Buttress, 14.25 km northeast of Glavinitsa Peak and 7.17 km east-southeast of Chertigrad Point. British mapping in 1978.

## Maps

* Antarctic Digital Database (ADD). Scale 1:250000 topographic map of Antarctica. Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research (SCAR). Since 1993, regularly upgraded and updated.
* British Antarctic Territory. Scale 1:200000 topographic map. DOS 610 Series, Sheet W 67 66. Directorate of Overseas Surveys, Tolworth, UK, 1978.
# The Nightmarkets

The Nightmarkets (1986) is a verse novel by Australian writer Alan Wearne. It was originally published by Penguin in Australia in 1986.
Each of the ten sections of the novel was previously published as a separate poem in such publications as Scripsi, Meanjin, and The Oxford Book of Modern Australian Verse etc.

## Synopsis

The novel follows a number of different characters, including: journalist Ian Metcalfe; his ex-girlfriend Sue Dobson; his brother Robert Metcalfe; and sex worker Terri. The characters tell their own stories in a series of monologues covering the geography of Melbourne from inner-city Fitzroy to suburban Heidelberg, and Australian history from the Vietnam War, through the Whitlam Government's election and sacking up to the 1980s.

## Publishing history

After its initial publication in Australia by Penguin in 1986, the novel was reprinted by Penguin Books in 1987.

## Critical reception

Writing in The Canberra Times Stephanie Green noted that the book "is an extraordinary blend of convention and originality, written as a sequence of verse narratives set in the high and the low life of contemporary Melbourne, taking in the political combat zones, the urban fringe and middle-class suburbia. The ten sections of the book are voiced by a group of central characters, mostly faded icons from the post-'60s generation; intellectuals jilted by the demise of the Whitlam era in 1975...It is almost classical in shape and proportion, in its diversity and profusion, and in the scope of its exploration of social life. It is certainly ambitious. Yet, the various colourful threads that make up this enigmatic novel are woven together through the fabric of the writing in an energetic and unusual way...The Nightmarkets is intriguing and lively, packed with characters, places, public and private events. Its narrative verse style and its intentions make it an unusual and ambitious work. It is also clever, amusing and in many ways highly relevant."

## Awards

* ALS Gold Medal winner 1987
# Angel Penchev

Angel Penchev (Bulgarian: Ангел Пенчев) is a Bulgarian psycho-neurologist and morphologist, director of the mental-psychiatric clinic at the Sofia Faculty of Medicine. He fled Bulgaria after the Soviet Union invaded in 1944.
# Pont-Salomon

Pont-Salomon (French pronunciation:; Occitan: Lo Pont de Salamon) is a commune in the Haute-Loire department in south-central France.
# Dachaoshan Dam

The Dachaoshan Dam (Chinese: 大朝山大坝) is a gravity dam on the Lancang (Mekong) River in Yunnan Province, China. The sole purpose of the dam is hydroelectric power production as it supplies water to a power station containing six 225 MW generators for a total installed capacity of 1,350 MW.

## Background

Initial construction preparations on the dam began in 1993 before it was approved ready for construction in 1994. On August 4, 1997, the project was approved for construction commencement and on November 10, 1997, the river was diverted. Between 2001 and 2003, the dam was complete and all six generators went operational.

## Design

The dam is a 111 m (364 ft) tall and 460 m (1,509 ft) long gravity dam. It is composed of 1,126,700 m$^3$ (39,789,035 cu ft) of concrete, 756,600 m$^3$ (26,719,077 cu ft) is roller-compacted concrete. The reservoir created by the dam has a capacity of 940,000,000 m$^3$ (762,070 acre⋅ft). To release water downstream, the dam has five 14 m (46 ft) x 17 m (56 ft) crest openings along with three mid-level openings and one bottom flushing outlet. With these openings, the design flood discharge capacity of the dam is 18,000 m$^3$/s (635,664 cu ft/s) while the maximum is 23,500 m$^3$/s (829,895 cu ft/s).
The dam's power station is underground and supplied with water via six 179.5 m (589 ft) long penstocks. Once through the six turbines, the water exits back to the river by means of two tailrace tunnels, one 1,355 m (4,446 ft) long and the other 1,248 m (4,094 ft).
# George Bourne (footballer)

George Fredrick Bourne (5 March 1932 – 7 October 2004) was an English footballer who played in the Football League for Stoke City.

## Career

Bourne was an amateur at local club Burslem Albion before he signed a professional contract at Stoke City. He transferred from a centre forward into a defender and became a useful player in the Second Division however after exactly 100 League appearances Bourne suffered a badly broken leg and consequently had to retire. The club paid him £855 in compensation and also gave him a Testimonial match in 1957. He later ran his own window cleaning business before his death in 2004.

## Career statistics

| Club | Season | League | League | League | FA Cup | FA Cup | Total | Total |
| Club | Season | Division | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals |
| Stoke City | 1952–53 | First Division | 20 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 20 | 0 |
| Stoke City | 1953–54 | Second Division | 42 | 1 | 3 | 0 | 45 | 1 |
| Stoke City | 1954–55 | Second Division | 28 | 0 | 6 | 0 | 34 | 0 |
| Stoke City | 1955–56 | Second Division | 10 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 10 | 0 |
| Career Total | Career Total | Career Total | 100 | 1 | 9 | 0 | 109 | 1 |
# Kani Kowtar

Kani Kowtar (Persian: كاني كوتر, also Romanized as Kānī Kowtar) is a village in Akhtachi-ye Gharbi Rural District, in the Central District of Mahabad County, West Azerbaijan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 110, in 19 families.
# Damon Way

Damon Way (born September 23, 1971) is an American designer, brand marketer, entrepreneur and musician. He co-founded DC Shoes in 1994. In 2008 he became a partner at Incase Designs, and transitioned to Chief Brand Officer. In 2016 he launched skateboarding apparel brand, FACT. In 2018 he cofounded spatial audio brand Syng, where he is Chief Brand Officer.

## Early life

Damon Way was born in Portland, Oregon in 1971. He was brought up by his mother alongside younger brother, and professional skateboarder, Danny Way, in San Diego California.

## Career

In 1991, he started Eightball clothing with friend Ken Block and Danny Way. They would go on to create a number of brands throughout the early 1990s: Droors Clothing, Dub Brand Outerwear, Blunt Snowboard Magazine, and DC Shoes. In 2004 DC Shoes was sold to Quiksilver. In 2008 Damon left DCShoes to become the Chief Brand Officer and partner at Incase Designs. Damon launched FACT in June, 2016 as a new brand idea deriving from familiar elements of music and skateboarding he experienced through the '80s and '90s. In 2016 he joined ex-Apple designer Christopher Stringer to start Syng, a company committed to advancing spatial sound technologies.
# Amukhanzi-ye Sofla

Amukhanzi-ye Sofla (Persian: عموخانزي سفلي, also Romanized as ‘Amūkhānzī-ye Soflá; also known as ‘Amū Khanzī-ye Pā'īn) is a village in Chaldoran-e Jonubi Rural District, in the Central District of Chaldoran County, West Azerbaijan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 113, in 22 families.
# Pageant (novel)

Pageant (1933) is a historical novel by Australasian author G. B. Lancaster (pen name for Edith Joan Lyttleton). It won the ALS Gold Medal for Best Novel in 1933.

## Plot summary

The novel follows the fortunes of three Tasmanian families from 1826 to the twentieth century.
# Plamen Grozdanov

Plamen Ivanov Grozdanov (Bulgarian: Пламен Иванов Грозданов) (born 24 September 1950) was the Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary of the Republic of Bulgaria to the Russian Federation from October, 2006 to April, 2012.
He graduated in University of National and World Economy in Sofia.
# Marianne Dissard

Marianne Dissard is a French-born American singer, photographer, author, producer, and filmmaker.
She has released four albums, four EPs, and a number of singles and collaborations. She started touring abroad in 2006, including in countries such as China, Turkey, New Zealand, and Australia.
Her first book, memoir Not Me, was self-published in 2019. Her photography has been exhibited in Ramsgate (UK), Turner Contemporary in Margate (UK), Paris (France), and Glasgow (UK).

## Personal life
### Activism

In 2004, Dissard founded The Tucson Suffragettes in Tucson, Arizona to encourage youth voter registration in the 2004 American presidential election cycle.
Her 2019 memoir "Not Me" details her decades-long struggles with eating disorders and she has been open in sharing her experience on stage and in the media.
# Oleksandr Shevchenko (disambiguation)

Oleksandr Shevchenko or Olexandr Shevchenko (Ukrainian: Олександр Шевченко) may refer to:
* Oleksandr Shevchenko (1937–2016), Ukrainian scientist and politician
* Oleksandr Shevchenko (footballer) (born 1992), Ukrainian footballer
* Olexandr Shevchenko (born 1971), Ukrainian entrepreneur and politician
# Cheshmeh Jamileh

Cheshmeh Jamileh (Persian: چشمه جوميله, also Romanized as Cheshmeh Jāmīleh and Cheshmeh Jamīleh) is a village in Teshkan Rural District, Chegeni District, Dowreh County, Lorestan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 83, in 17 families.
# Cheranallur water metro station

Cheranallur is a station of Kochi Water Metro. Located in Cheranallur, the station was inaugurated by the Chief Minister Pinarai Vijayan on 14 March 2024 and opened for public on 17 April as a part of the first phase of the metro system.