OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Grand National Assembly of Bulgaria

In Bulgaria, a Grand National Assembly is a special meeting of the National Assembly which may be convened in order for matters of special jurisdiction.
The first Grand National Assembly of Bulgaria was conducted from 17 April to 26 June 1879. Its chairman was Anthim I.

## History

In the first Grand National Assembly, Alexander of Battenberg was chosen as Prince of Bulgaria.
The second assembly opened on 1 July 1881, with conservative Todor Ikonomov as chairman; the third commenced in 1886, with 443 members and chaired by Georgi Zhivkov; the fourth convened from 3 to 17 May 1893, with chairman Dimitar Petkov.
In the fifth Great National Assembly which convened in 1911 with chairman Stoyan Danev, the title "knyaz" was changed to "tsar" and the assembly passed the Tarnovo Constitution.
The sixth assembly convened in 1946 with chairman Vasil Kolarov. It passed the first constitution of the People's Republic of Bulgaria.
The seventh Grand National Assembly passed the Constitution of the Republic of Bulgaria on 12 July 1991.
The 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th and 5th Grand National Assemblies were convened in Veliko Tarnovo while the 6th and 7th were conducted in Sofia.
# Kol Nidrei (Bruch)

Kol Nidrei, Op. 47 (also known as All Vows, the meaning of the phrase in Aramaic), is a composition for cello and orchestra written by Max Bruch.

## History

Bruch completed the work in Liverpool, England, in 1880,$^{:100}$ and published it in Berlin in 1881. It was dedicated to and premiered by Robert Hausmann, who later co-premiered Johannes Brahms's Double Concerto with Joseph Joachim, the dedicatee of Bruch's most famous work, the Violin Concerto No. 1 in G minor. Hausmann had requested such a cello work from Bruch.$^{:170}$
The use of Jewish folk music as an inspiration has been seen as a reflection of the extent of Jewish assimilation into Germany by some academics. Many also mistakenly believed that Bruch was Jewish as a result of this piece, despite the composer actively working to correct that mistake in his own lifetime.
After his Violin Concerto No. 1, the Kol Nidrei is Bruch's second most frequently performed piece.

## Development

It is styled as an Adagio on 2 Hebrew Melodies for Cello and Orchestra with Harp and consists of a series of variations on two main themes of Jewish origin. The first theme, which also lends the piece its title, comes from the Kol Nidre declaration, which is recited during the evening service on Yom Kippur. In Bruch's setting of the melody, the cello imitates the rhapsodic voice of the cantor who chants the liturgy in the synagogue. The second subject of the piece is quoted from the middle section of Isaac Nathan's arrangement of "O Weep for Those that Wept on Babel's Stream", a lyric which was penned by Lord Byron in his collection Hebrew Melodies (which also includes the famous poem "She Walks in Beauty").
Bruch was a Protestant$^{:109}$ and first became acquainted with the Kol Nidrei melody when his teacher Ferdinand Hiller introduced him to the Lichtenstein family, the head of which served as the cantor-in-chief of Berlin. Cantor Abraham Jacob Lichtenstein was known to have cordial relations with many Christian musicians and supported Bruch's interest in Jewish folk music. While some commentators, including Abraham Zevi Idelsohn, have criticized the lack of Jewish sentiment in Bruch's concert-hall Kol Nidrei, Bruch never presumed to write Jewish music. He only wished to incorporate Jewish inspirations into his own compositions.
   Even though I am a Protestant, as an artist I deeply felt the outstanding beauty of these melodies and therefore I gladly spread them through my arrangement (taken from a letter written by Bruch)... In his presentation, the melody entirely lost its original character. Bruch displayed a fine art, masterly technique and fantasy, but not Jewish sentiments. It is not a Jewish Kol-Nidre which Bruch composed. (Idelsohn, from Jewish Music in its Historic Development, 1929)
The work is scored for solo cello, 2 flutes, 2 oboes, 2 clarinets, 2 bassoons, 4 horns, 2 trumpets, 3 trombones, timpani, harp and strings.
# Roger Leney

Roger Anthony Leney MM (4 May 1923 – 4 May 2008) was a British radio operator with the Royal Armoured Corps during the Second World War.

## Second World War

After finishing Special Operations Executive (SOE) signals training school in September 1943, he was part of a three-man team parachuted into occupied France in June 1944. The mission was primarily to establish contact with and provide weaponry to the French Resistance via airdrop. Leney (codenamed "Jeremy") was the radio operator of his team, whose other members were the English-speaking Captain Geoffrey Hallowes and the French-speaking Lieutenant Henri Charles Giese. The team landed in Haute Loire after dark on the night of 24 August 1944. The teams were known as "Jedburghs".
On arrival, they were to operate under the instructions of an SOE member codenamed "Diane", an American woman who had lost part of her left leg in a non-war related shooting accident, hence known locally as "La dame qui boite" ("the woman who limps"). This was actually Virginia Hall, who encountered Leney's team near her base at Le Chambon-sur-Lignon. He remained with her to make radio contact with SOE headquarters, while Hallowes and Giese sought out local resistance fighters. Leney established successful radio contact with SOE/HQ and some thirty (30) containers of arms were dropped to equip the FFI to engage detachments of withdrawing German troops.

### Burma

His previous mission in France having ended in September 1944, Leney was parachuted into Burma on 15 March 1945 with a team from Force 136, an arm of SOE operating in South East Asia. He again was radio operator for a group training locals (Karen guerrillas) who were deployed to assist General Slim's 14th Army in preventing the escape of the Japanese 28th Army into Thailand. The operation, codenamed "Character", was also successful.

### Awards

Leney was awarded the Military Medal for his service in Burma. He was mentioned in dispatches. In 1946 he received the Croix de Guerre with Silver Star for his work in occupied France.

## Family

Roger Leney died on his 85th birthday in 2008, and was survived by his wife (since 1950), the former Shirley Rollett, and their four children.
# Union of Russia and Ukraine Tercentenary

The Union of Russia and Ukraine Tercentenary or the Reunification of Ukraine with Russia Tercentenary (Russian: 300-летие воссоединения Украины с Россией, 300-letiye vossoyedineniya Ukrainy s Rossiyei; Ukrainian: 300-річчя возз'єднання України з Росією) was a republic-wide celebration within the Soviet republics of Russia and Ukraine, starting in February 1954, in celebration of the union between Russia and Ukraine formed by the 1654 Pereiaslav Agreement.
In preparation for the event, a special Republican commission for commemoration of the union between Russia and Ukraine Tercentenary was formed, headed by the First Secretary of the Communist Party of Ukraine Alexei Kirichenko. A three-volume body of documents and materials titled as "Reunification of Ukraine with Russia" was published in 1953 in Moscow, prepared jointly by the History Institute of the Academy of Sciences of the Soviet Union, History Institute of the Academy of Sciences of the Ukrainian SSR, and the Ukrainian Directorate of Archives, and included 747 documents of the period between 1620 and 1654. The materials were prepared by a group of Soviet Russian and Ukrainian historians organized in 1952 and approved by the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union.
As part of the celebration, the Crimean Oblast was transferred from the Russian SFSR to the Ukrainian SSR in 1954. In 1954, both Dnipropetrovsk State University and Cherkasy Pedagogical Institute were named after the Union of Russia and Ukraine Tercentenary. Also, several cities were renamed including Proskuriv as Khmelnytskyi and Pereyaslav as Pereiaslav-Khmelnytskyi in honor of Bogdan Khmelnytsky. Full-scale parades were organized in Moscow and Kiev. It was a period when television broadcasting in the Soviet Union was just beginning, so most of the celebration was being broadcast on radio.
The Russian aspirations to reunite with Ukraine is one of the main subjects in the Soviet historiography. According to the Ukrainian Soviet Encyclopedia, in the 18th century there were no partitions of Poland, but rather reunification of Ukrainian lands (Right-bank Ukraine).

## Gallery

* Soviet stamp of 2 rubles (1954)
* Soviet stamp of 1 ruble (1954)
* Soviet stamp of 4 kopecks (1979)
* The 1954 envelope with additional Soviet stamps
* Soviet commemorating placard on monument of Lev Tolstoy
# Stan Persky

Stan Persky (19 January 1941 – 15 October 2024) was a Canadian writer, media commentator, and philosophy instructor.

## Early life

Persky was born in Chicago, Illinois on 19 January 1941. As a teenager, he made contact with and received encouragement from Jack Kerouac, Allen Ginsberg and other writers of the Beat Generation. Persky served in the United States Navy, and then settled in San Francisco, California in the early 1960s, becoming part of a group of writers that included Jack Spicer, Robert Duncan, Robin Blaser and George Stanley.

## Life during university

In 1966, Persky moved to Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, and attended the University of British Columbia, receiving degrees in anthropology and sociology. He studied with anthropologist Michael Kew, political philosopher Bob Rowan, and sociologist Roy Turner, and briefly studied as a graduate student with Rowan's teacher, political philosopher Joseph Tussman in the Experimental Program at the University of California, Berkeley. He became a Canadian citizen in 1972. During the 1960s and '70s, he was prominent as a student and civic activist, was an early staff member of the Georgia Straight, a free alternative newspaper, and co-founder with Dennis Wheeler of the "Georgia Straight Writing Supplement", which eventually became New Star Books.

## Career after university

After university, Persky worked at Vancouver Mental Patients Association and the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation before becoming a college instructor in the sociology department at Northwest Community College in Terrace, British Columbia. He subsequently taught briefly at Malaspina College in Nanaimo, and Simon Fraser University in Burnaby. From 1983 to 2016, he was a professor at Capilano University in North Vancouver, first in political studies and then in philosophy. Since 1990, Persky has resided part-time in Vancouver and in Berlin, Germany.
He was the author or editor of some 20 books and worked as a media commentator for the CBC, a literary columnist for The Globe and Mail and The Vancouver Sun, and wrote for The Body Politic, This Magazine, New Directions, Saturday Night, Sodomite Invasion Review, Books in Canada and most recently The Tyee. He was also a frequent contributor to Dooney's Cafe. Stan Persky was a long-time Vancouver public intellectual and literary activist. His later publications included Reading the 21st Century: Books of the Decade, 2000–2009 (Montreal and Kingston: McGill-Queen's, 2011), Post-Communist Stories: About Cities, Politics, Desires (Toronto: Cormorant, 2014) and Letter from Berlin: Essays 2015-2016 (Toronto: Dooney's, 2017).

## Death

Persky died in Berlin on 15 October 2024, at the age of 83.

## Awards

* Hubert Evans Non-Fiction Prize – 1990 (nomination)
* Hubert Evans Non-Fiction Prize – 2006 (winner)
* Lieutenant Governor's Award for Literary Excellence – 2010
# Pieczyska Iłowskie

Pieczyska Iłowskie is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Iłów, within Sochaczew County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately 3 kilometres (2 mi) north of Iłów, 22 km (14 mi) north-west of Sochaczew, and 69 km (43 mi) west of Warsaw.
# Avetaranots, Nagorno-Karabakh

Avetaranots (Armenian: Ավետարանոց) or Chanakhchi (Armenian: Չանախչի; Azerbaijani: Çanaqçı) is a village in the Khojaly District of Azerbaijan, in the region of Nagorno-Karabakh. The village had an ethnic Armenian-majority population prior to the 2020 Nagorno-Karabakh war, and also had an Armenian majority in 1989. Prior to 2020, the village was controlled by the Republic of Artsakh.

## History

The village is the birthplace of Valerian Madatov (1782–1829), an Armenian melik (prince) in the Principality of Varanda, and later lieutenant general of the Russian Empire.
During the Soviet period, the village was a part of the Askeran District of the Nagorno-Karabakh Autonomous Oblast. The village was administrated by the breakaway Republic of Artsakh as part of its Askeran Province after the First Nagorno-Karabakh War. The village was captured by Azerbaijani forces on 9 November 2020, during the 2020 Nagorno-Karabakh war.

## Historical heritage sites

Historical heritage sites in and around the village include tombs from the 2nd–1st millennia BCE, a 12th/13th-century khachkar, the monastery of Kusanats Anapat (Armenian: Կուսանաց Անապատ) built in 1616, the church of Surb Astvatsatsin (Armenian: Սուրբ Աստվածածին, lit. 'Holy Mother of God') built in 1651, the 17th/18th-century Chanakhchi Fortress, and a 19th-century cemetery.

## Demographics

The village had 1,039 inhabitants in 2005, and 1,121 inhabitants in 2015.

## Gallery

* 19th century Armenian carpet "Meghu"
* 19th century Armenian carpet "Trchnabun"
* Old buildings
* Fort
* Armenian memorial
* Kusanats Anapat Armenian Monastery
* Kusanats Anapat Armenian Monastery
* WWII Memorial
* Surb Astvatsatsin Armenian Church of 1651
# James Rowe (Australian footballer)

James "Jimmy" Rowe (born 17 September 1999) is a former professional Australian rules footballer who played for the Adelaide Football Club in the Australian Football League (AFL). Rowe was drafted with the 38th selection in the 2020 AFL draft. Previously playing for Woodville-West Torrens in the South Australian National Football League (SANFL), Rowe kicked 84 goals in 34 games across 2019 and 2020, earning the leading goal kicker in the SANFL for the 2020 season and helping guide the Eagles to the Premiership.
Rowe made his AFL debut in the opening round of the 2021 AFL season. He was delisted at the conclusion of the 2022 AFL season.

## Personal life

Rowe is the son of former Adelaide, Norwood and South Fremantle player, Stephen Rowe, who played for the Crows between 1991 and 1995. He is currently a radio host and football commentator with FIVEaa radio, and was commentating when James kicked his first goal in his first game.
# Porcarius

Porcarius (French: Porcaire or Porchaire) is the Latin word for "swineherd" and was occasionally used as a masculine given name in the early Middle Ages. Since porcarii were often slaves, "only elite couples [named their children Porcarius], and they probably did it ironically." In the 7th-century hagiography Martyrium Prisci et sociorum, for example, the aristocratic landowner Porcarius is introduced while boar hunting. The Spanish name Suarius may have a similar origin.
Known bearers of the name include;
* Porcarius I (fl. c. 490), abbot of Lérins
* Porcarius of Poitiers [fr] (d. c. 600), abbot of Saint-Hilaire-le-Grand
* Porcarius II (d. c. 732), abbot of Lérins, martyr
* Porcarius (fl. 1150), brother of Peter Abelard and monk of Buzay Abbey
# Second Hatta Cabinet

* This article is part of a series aboutSukarno
1st President of Indonesia
Pre-Independence
PNI
Partindo
PETA
BPUPK
Pancasila
PPKI
Indonesian National Revolution
Proclamation of Independence
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APRA
Ambon
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DI/TII
Three Souths Affair
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building
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Spouses
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Soekarno–Hatta International Airport
Gelora Bung Karno Stadium
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Gallery: Picture, Sound, Video :
vte :
The Second Hatta Cabinet (Indonesian: Kabinet Hatta II) was Indonesia's ninth cabinet. It was formed after the Indonesian leadership, which had been imprisoned by Dutch forces, returned to the capital, Yogyakarta. It served from 4 August to 20 December 1949.

## Composition
### Cabinet Leadership

* Prime Minister: Mohammad Hatta
* Deputy Prime Minister: Sjafroedin Prawirnegara (Masyumi Party)

### Departmental Ministers

* State Coordinating Minister for Domestic Security: Sultan Hamengkubuwana IX
* Minister of Foreign Affairs: Agus Salim
* Minister of Home Affairs: Wongsonegoro (PIR)
* Minister of Justice: Soesanto Tirtoprodjo (PNI)
* Minister of Finance: Lukman Hakim (Indonesian National Party – PNI)
* Minister of Welfare: Ignatius J. Kasimo (PKRI)
* Minister of Supply of People's Provisions: Ignatius J. Kasimo (PKRI)
* Minister of Education & Culture: S. Mangunsarkoro (PNI)
* Minister of Health ad interim: Dr. Surono
* Minister of Public Works: Herling Laoh (PNI)
* Minister of Transportation: Herling Laoh (PNI)
* Minister of Religious Affairs: Masjkur (Masyumi)
* Minister of Labor and Social Affairs: Koesnan (PGRI)
* Minister of Information: Samsudin (Masyumi)

### State Ministers (without portfolio)

* State Minister: Dr. Soekiman Wirjosandjojo (Masyumi)
* State Minister: Djuanda Kartawidjaja
* State Minister: Dr. Johannes Leimena (Parkindo)

## Changes

Due to Hatta's departure for the Dutch-Indonesian Round Table Conference, from 6 August 1949, via Presidential Decision No. 10/A/1949, Defense Minister Sultan Hamengkubuwana IX became acting Prime Minister. He also became acting Foreign Minister while Agus Salim was unable to perform his duties from 21 October. Effective from 1 December, Dr. Johannes Leimena replaced Minister of Health ad interim Dr. Surono, leaving only two state ministers.

## The end of the cabinet

The cabinet was dissolved after a fundamental change in Indonesia's political system with the establishment of the United States of Indonesia, a result of the Round Table Conference. With the coming into force of the Federal Constitution on 20 December, the cabinet was automatically dissolved and replaced by the Republic of the United States of Indonesia Cabinet, also led by Hatta.
# ENRS

ENRS may refer to:
* European Network Remembrance and Solidarity, a joint initiative by German, Hungarian, Polish, and Slovak ministers of culture created in 2005
* Entreprise nationale de Radiodiffusion sonore, an Algerian broadcasting company
* Røst Airport, ICAO airport code
# Oganessian

Oganessian (and similar transliterations) (Armenian: Հովհաննիսյան) a variant of Hovhannisyan is a surname of Armenian origin derived from the Armenian given name Ohannes. People with such names include:
* Alina Oganesyan (born 2004), German rhythmic gymnast
* Armen Oganesyan (born 1954), CEO of Russian state radio station Voice of Russia
* Gaguik Oganessian (1947–2015), Armenian chess player, writer and organiser
* Khoren Oganesian (born 1955), Soviet footballer
* Yuri Oganessian (born 1933), Russian-Armenian nuclear physicist (the element oganesson is named to honor him)
* Marina E. Oganesian (born 1954) Armenian botanist
# Piekut

Piekut is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Chynów, within Grójec County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately 5 kilometres (3 mi) south-east of Chynów, 19 km (12 mi) east of Grójec, and 39 km (24 mi) south of Warsaw.
# Diplochaetetes

Diplochaetetes is an extinct genus of marine polychaete worms in the family Cirratulidae. It was initially described as a tabulate coral, and later classified as a sponge. Later studies provided significant evidence that Diplochaetetes fossils are bioconstructions attributable to cirratulid polychaetes due to their strong similarity with modern Dodecaceria aggregates. Both fossil Diplochaetetes and recent Dodecaceria bioconstructions retain identical double-phased biomineralization characteristics, but the possible synonymity of these genera is currently subject to debate.

## Fossil record

The first Diplochaetetes fossils were discovered in Namibian sediments dating back to the Eocene. No known Paleocene record has been described, but from the Oligocene onwards, aggregates are found in the pacific coasts of the Americas. It's worth noting that recent bioconstructions are attributed to the genus Dodecaceria.

## Species

The following species are currently recognised in the genus Diplochaetetes:
* Diplochaetetes longitubus † Weissermel, 1913
** Diplochaetetes longitubus vermicularis † Weissermel, 1926
* Diplochaetetes mexicanus † Wilson, 1986
# National Museum of Hutsulshchyna and Pokuttia Folk Art

The Yosafat Kobrynskyi National Museum of Hutsulshchyna and Pokuttia Folk Art (Ukrainian: Національний Музей Народного Мистецтва Гуцульщини та Покуття імені Йосафата Кобринського, romanized: Natsionalnyi Muzei Narodnoho Mystetstva Hutsulshchyny ta Pokuttia imeni Yosafata Kobrynskoho) is a museum in Kolomyia, Ukraine with a collection of more than 50,000 objects documenting the history and folk culture of Hutsulshchyna and Pokuttia regions.

## History

The museum was founded in 1926 and opened to the public in the end of 1934. It is located in the former People's House building in the city center. It is named in honour of Yosafat Kobrynskyi (1818–1901). In 1945, it was entitled the State Museum of Hutsulshchyna Folk Art. Currently, the museum consist of three branches:
* Kosiv Museum of Hutsulshchyna Folk Art and Life (located in Kosiv).
* Museum of Pysanka (located in Kolomyia). Opened in 1987 gathers a collection of more than 12,000 Easter eggs from all over the world.
* Yaremche Museum of Ethnography and Ecology of the Carpathians (in 2007 it joined the main museum in Kolomyia), located in Yaremche. It focuses on organizing festivals, seminars and conferences.
The main exhibition is filled with the objects from Hutsul and Pokuttian villages like: decorated stove tiles, musical instruments, carved wooden tools, furniture, folk costumes, unique Hutsul embroidery, woven wall–hangings and a collection of traditional Hutsul axes.
In the history of Kolomyia there were already a few tries to create a regional museum. First in 1892 a private collector and amateur archeologist Edmund Starzeński (1845–1900) set up a private museum of the Pokuttia Region. It was a collection focused on so called "antiquities" which meant archeological artefacts, but there were also objects of nature as well as ethnographic objects. It was located in his villa and was divided into two parts: the library and the proper museum. Circa 1900 he gave the collection to his son and in 1909 part of it was given to the National Museum in Cracow.
The Museum of Pokuttia Region was revived in June 1913, when Bronisława Starzeńska, after the death of her husband and son, gave the rest of her family collection to the Society of Community School and the museum was open to the public in the rooms of the Peoples' House. The head of the museum was Antoni Sidorowicz. The collection of about 755 ethnographic and historic objects together with a few hundred coins didn't last long. Within the next years it was destroyed in the events of the World War I (first in 1914 and later in 1917). According to the reports from that time there is no evidence of anything saved from that collection.

## Gallery (objects from the museum)

* Temporary exhibition of Hutsul wedding.
* Hurdy-gurdy, 2007
* Traditional Hutsul kolach (wedding bread) on the temporary exhibition
* Cart, 18 c,