OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Republican Union (France)

The Republican Union (French: Union républicaine, UR), later known as the Progressive Union (French: Union progressiste, UP), was a French parliamentary group founded in 1871 as a heterogeneous alliance of moderate radicals, former Communards and opponents of the French-Prussian Treaty.

## History

Formed in the early years of the French Third Republic, the Republican Union led by Léon Gambetta was strongly opposed to the Treaty of Frankfurt as much understanding to the Paris Commune, repressed by the moderate Adolphe Thiers. The party's electoral lists also included notable activists and intellectuals like Louis Blanc (elected with 216,000 votes), Victor Hugo, Giuseppe Garibaldi, Edgar Quinet, Pierre Waldeck-Rousseau, Émile Littré, Charles Floquet, Georges Clemenceau, Arthur Ranc and Gustave Courbet.
Initially on the extreme left of the Parliament of France, the group became close to the Opportunist Republicans of Jules Ferry in the late 1870s, causing a split of the far-left radicals led by Clemenceu. During the Gambetta government (1881–1882), René Goblet also broke away from the group to form the Radical Left.
After the 1885 legislative election, the Republican Union's popularity decreased while the Opportunists to their right increased their votes. In 1894, one of the last prominent members of the group, Gustave Isambert, renamed the Republican Union as the Progressive Union and with an handful of deputies and senators continued to pursue Gambetta's goals. However, changes in the political system led to a need for a big party of all liberals and when the Democratic Republican Alliance was created in 1901 the Opportunists and the Progressive Union merged into it.

## Electoral history
### Presidential elections

| Election year | Candidate | No. of first round votes | % of 1st round vote | No. of second round votes | % of 2nd round vote | Won/Loss |
| 1873 | Jules Grévy | 1 | 0.2% | | | Loss |
| 1879 | Léon Gambetta | 5 | 0.7% | | | Loss |
| 1885 | Henri Brisson | 68 | 11.8% | | | Loss |
| 1887 | Henri Brisson | 26 | 3.0% | | | Loss |
| 1894 | Henri Brisson | 195 | 23.1% | | | Loss |
| 1894 | Henri Brisson | 195 | 43.0% | 361 | 45.2% | Loss |

### Legislative elections

Chamber of Deputies :
| Election year | No. of overall votes | % of overall vote | No. of overall seats won | +/– | Leader |
| 1871 | Unknown (5th) | 6.0% | 38 / 638 | New | Léon Gambetta |
| 1876 | 1,359,435 (2nd) | 18.4% | 98 / 533 | 60 | Léon Gambetta |
| 1877 | 4,860,481 (1st) | 60.0% | 313 / 521 | 205 | Jules Dufaure |
| 1881 | 2,678,678 (1st) | 37.3% | 204 / 545 | 109 | Léon Gambetta |
| 1885 | 1,125,989 (2nd) | 14.2% | 83 / 584 | 121 | Henri Brisson |
| 1889 | 2,974,565 (1st) | 37.4% | 216 / 578 | 133 | Charles Floquet |
* ^ a: Running unified with the Republican Left.
# Graves Without a Name

Graves Without a Name (French: Les tombeaux sans noms) is a 2018 French-Cambodian documentary film edited, co-written, and directed by Rithy Panh. It was selected as the Cambodian entry for the Best Foreign Language Film at the 91st Academy Awards, but it was not nominated.
# Mahnke Peak

Mahnke Peak is a 3,652 feet (1,113 m) mountain in Mendocino County, California.

## Location

Mahnke Peak is in Mendocino County, California, in the Mayacamas Mountains of the northern California Coast Ranges. It is just south of the Mendocino County–Lake County boundary. It is 0.3 miles (0.48 km) east-southeast of the heading of Hoil Creek, 7 miles (11 km) northwest of Cobb Mountain and 8 miles (13 km) south of Kelseyville.
The Köppen climate classification is Csb : Warm-summer Mediterranean climate. The mountain is named for John Christian Christof Mahnke (1858–1939) and his family, who ran several hundred head of angora goats on this peak for 70 years. There is a small building on top of the peak which has an excellent view of the power plants of The Geysers geothermal field.

## Hydrology

The peak borders the Russian River watershed to the west. It is 0.3 miles (0.48 km) east-southeast of the heading of Hoil Creek. To the northwest Hoil Creek joins Tyler Creek, a tributary of Pieta Creek, which in turn is a tributary of Russian River. Another stream draining the peak is Hummingbird Creek, which flows south to Squaw Creek, a tributary of Big Sulphur Creek, which is also a tributary of Russian River to the west.

## Dimensions

Mahnke Peak is 3,652 feet (1,113 m) high with a prominence of 612 feet (187 m). It has isolation of 5.84 miles (9.40 km) from Mount Hannah to the east-northeast.
# Giovanni Camilla

Giovanni Camilla (also written Camilli or Camillo, Latin: Ioannes Camillus; fl. 2nd half of the 16th century) was an Italian physician and philosopher from Genoa.

## Works

* Enthosiasmo. De' misterii, e maravigliose cause della compositione del Mondo (in Italian). Venice: Gabriel Giolito de' Ferrari. 1564.
# Tatakan

Tatakan (Russian: Татакан) is a rural locality (a railway station) in Otvazhnensky Selsoviet of Arkharinsky District, Amur Oblast, Russia. The population was 85 as of 2018. There is 1 street.

## Geography

Tatakan is located near the left bank of the Arkhara River, 11 km southeast of Arkhara (the district's administrative centre) by road. Otvazhnoye is the nearest rural locality.
# Wadi Auja

Wadi Auja (Arabic: وادي العوجا‎), also spelled Ouja, known in Hebrew as Nahal Yitav (Hebrew: נחל ייט"ב) is a valley or stream (Arabic: وادي‎ wādī, "wadi"), in the West Bank, originating near the Ein Samia spring and flowing to Al-Auja near Jericho before it runs into the Jordan River.

## Name

"Al-auja" means "the meandering one". This should not be confused with the Yarkon River in Israel which flows to the Mediterranean Sea in Tel Aviv, known in Arabic by the name "Nahr al-Auja". During World War I this coincidence led to the term of "the line of the two Aujas", referring to a strategic line connecting the two river valleys. The Hebrew name is based on the Israeli settlement Yitav, founded in 1970 on the northern river bank, next to the Palestinian village of Al-Auja. "Yitav" is an acronym for Yad Yitzhak Tabenkin.

## Geography

Wadi Auja is 35 kilometers long and sets the boundary between the Desert and the eastern hillslopes of the West Bank. It has a drainage area of 200 square kilometers and descends from a height of approximately 1000 meters above sea level to -315 meters below sea level, where it flows into the Jordan River. The stream starts at Ein Samia, on the eastern slopes of Mount Hazor and flows eastward. Before its arrival to the Jordan Rift Valley, it forms a deep and steep gorge, some 3 kilometers long. In this area some waterfalls are formed. Ein Samia has been diverted to provide water to Ramallah, some 20 km away, providing around 30% of the city's needs, and leaving most of the Wadi dry throughout the year. The Auja Spring produces an estimated 9 million cubic metres of water annually, which creates a small oasis that attracts thousands of tourists a year, as well as providing for the farmers of Auja village.
Two ancient aqueducts built in Wadi Auja during the late Second Temple period (and refurbished in later generations) carried water from their source at ʻAin el Aûjah ("the crooked spring") to their respective destinations, the one termed Ḳanât el Manîl ("the canal of el Manil") which led to an outlet in the Jordan valley north of Jericho, and the other termed Ḳanât Farʻûn ("Pharaoh's canal"), thought to have brought water to the fortified town of Archelais.
The gorge section of the river is a natural reserve, where rows of precipitous cliffs are exposed and inside them a variety of rare birds of prey and perennial plants can be found.

## History

The area was occupied by Israel in 1967.
Today, Wadi Auja is a route used by Palestinian hikers. It is quieter and more isolated than the popular routes hiking routes such as Wadi Qelt. The wadi is used by many Bedouin shepherds.
# Olmoti Crater

The Olmoti Crater (Kasoko la Olmoti in Swahili) is located at an elevation of 3,088 meters. Olmoti, which means "Cooking Pot" in Maasai, is an extinct volcano. The crater is located in Nainokanoka ward of Ngorongoro District in Arusha Region of Tanzania. Olmoti's highest peak is 3,080m, and the crater is approximately 6.5 km in diameter.
The crater is a caldera and is within UNESCO Biosphere Reserve protection program and the Ngorongoro Conservation Area. The Munge Waterfall is located on the western crater rim. The Munge River provides fresh water for wildlife and also feeds wetlands and Lake Magadi on the floor of the Ngorongoro Crater. The crater is part of the Crater Highlands geographic zone. The crater is known for its unique flora.
# Victory Day (Turkey)

Victory Day (Turkish: Zafer Bayramı), also known as Turkish Armed Forces Day (Turkish: Türk Silahlı Kuvvetleri Günü), is a public holiday in Turkey commemorating the decisive victory in the Battle of Dumlupınar, on 30 August 1922. It is also observed by Northern Cyprus.

## Background

The holiday commemorates the decisive victory in the Battle of Dumlupınar, the last battle in the Greco-Turkish War, on 30 August 1922. Following the battle, Greek military presence in Anatolia ended. Victory Day has been celebrated as an official holiday since 1926, and was first celebrated on 30 August 1923.

## Customs

Victory Day is celebrated across Turkey and in Northern Cyprus and is a celebration of the Turkish Armed Forces. The main celebration is held at Anıtkabir in Ankara, where the President of Turkey leads officials in laying wreaths and then delivers the keynote address.
One of the big commemorative events is also held at the War Academy in Istanbul, with all military promotions made on this day, while parades are held in major cities across the country with Ankara also hosting a national parade in honor of the holiday, currently small scaled, previously the national parade, in the presence of the President, was one of the biggest in Eurasia. August 30 is also the traditional the day of graduation ceremonies of military schools in Turkey - however the actual date in recent years has been before the 30th. The Turkish Stars performs an airshow over Dumlupınar. In the evening, holiday concerts are held in major cities to honor the men and women of the Armed Forces. President of Turkey, acting as the Commander-in-chief, hosts an event at the Presidential Complex.

## Celebration gallery

* A Turkish soldier on a BA-3/6 during a military parade in Ankara (1935)
* Victory Day celebrations in North Nicosia, Northern Cyprus (2006)
* President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan greets people during a parade (2014)
# Tambarón

Tambarón or Pico Tambarón is a 2,102 metres (6,896 ft) high mountain located in the Gistredo Mountains in Spain on the border between the regions of Omaña and El Bierzo and the basins of the Douro and Miño. On its eastern slope, about 1,800 metres (5,900 ft) of altitude, it is source the Omaña River at Murias de Paredes.
# Savoyan League

The Savoyan League (French: Ligue savoisienne, Arpitan: Liga de la Savouè) was a regionalist and populist political party based in Savoy, France.
Founded in 1995, the party supported the independence of Savoy from France and the unification of the two departments of Savoy, named Savoie and Haute-Savoie, which have belonged to France since the Treaty of Turin in 1860. Formerly a member of the European Free Alliance, the party was generally pro-European in outlook, while lying on the right of the political spectrum. The League co-operated with the Savoy Region Movement, which does not support independence but rather federalism and Savoyard autonomism.
In the 1998 regional elections, the League won 5.39% in Savoy (4.42% in Savoie and 6.05% in Haute-Savoie) and therefore won a seat in the Rhône-Alpes Regional Council. It did not participate in the 2004 regional elections.
At the party's 17th Congress on 21 October 2012, the Savoyan League suspended its activities.
# Lawrence of Transylvania

Lawrence (Hungarian: Lőrinc; died 1265 or 1266) was a Hungarian distinguished nobleman and military leader, who served as voivode of Transylvania between 1242 and 1252.

## Background

His origin is uncertain; Tudor Sălăgean assigned him to the kindred Aba, however, according to Pál Engel, he belonged to the Illyéd branch of the gens Kán. He had a son from his unidentified wife, Lawrence II, who served as master of the cupbearers (1272–1273; 1274) and ban of Severin (1279; 1291).
Lawrence was first mentioned by contemporary records in the first regnal year (1235) of Béla IV of Hungary, when he functioned as ispán (comes) of Fejér County. In 1238, a charter in a connection with donation from Andrew II of Hungary, referred to him as "former" (tunc temporis) ispán, which implies Lawrence maybe already held that office during the end of Andrew's reign. He served as ispán of Bihar County between 1236 and 1238. He was appointed master of the cupbearers and ispán for the stablemen (Hungarian: lovászispán; Latin: comes agasonum) in 1240.
After the Mongol invasion (1241–1242), where voivode Pousa, son of Sólyom died, the consolidation of the province of Transylvania was the main task of Lawrence, who was appointed voivode by Béla IV and held the office for 10 years from 1242. He also fought in the royal army in a war against Austria in 1246 and participated in the battle of the Leitha River, where Frederick the Quarrelsome was killed. Besides his voivodeship, Lawrence also functioned as ispán of Valkó County from 1248 to 1252.
In the 1260s, factional conflicts in gaining the throne saw him supporting junior king Stephen, who rebelled against his father's rule and governed Transylvania independently from Béla IV, holding the title of duke of Transylvania. Consequently, Lawrence served as master of the treasury for Stephen between 1263 and 1265. He was appointed ban of Severin (Hungarian: Szörény) in 1263, where Stephen also exercised the royal rights.
# Azra Sabir Khan

Azra Sabir Khan (Urdu: عذرا صابر خان; born 1 January 1945) is a Pakistani politician who was a Member of the Provincial Assembly of the Punjab, from May 2013 to May 2018.

## Early life and education

She was born on 1 January 1945 in Lahore and is a member of Dastgir family.
She has completed Intermediate level education.
She has 8 children.

## Political career

She was elected to the Provincial Assembly of the Punjab as a candidate of Pakistan Muslim League (N) on a reserved seat for women in 2013 Pakistani general election.
# Zakagori

Zakagori (Georgian: ზაქაგორი or Georgian: ზაკაგორი; Ossetian: Четойтыхъæу, Ĉetojtyqæw) is a village in the Truso Gorge, part of the historical region of Khevi, north-eastern Georgia. It is located on the left bank of the river Suatisi. Administratively, it is part of the Kazbegi Municipality in Mtskheta-Mtianeti. Distance to the municipality center Stepantsminda is 29.5 km.

## Sources

* Georgian Soviet Encyclopedia
* Google Earth
# Symmetria iuridico Austriaca

Symmetria iuridico Austriaca (full title: Symmetria iuridico Austriaca continens Viva Themidis & Austriiæ oscula. Seu Theses et hypotheses deductas ex utroque jure; Nec non celeberioribus factis ac symbolis augustissimorum imperatorum et inclyta domo Austriaca.) (Latin: Symmetria iuridico Austriaca) is book containing instructions for governing according to Roman and Ecclesiastical law, as well as according to Roman-German law. It contains basic biographical information for 17 Austrian rulers; it was written by Latin historian and writer Albermontius Federicus.

## Exempli gratia

| Latin text | English translation |
| Symmetria iuridico Austriaca : continens viva Themidis & AustrIae oscula : seu theses et hypotheses deductas ex vtroque jure; nec non celeberioribus factis ac symbolis augustissimorum imperatorum ex inclyta domo Austriaca | Austrian juridical symmetry: containing the living kisses of Themis and Austria: or theses and hypotheses derived from each law; nor with the more famous deeds and symbols of the most august emperors from the famous Austrian house |
# Orhan Kemal Literature Museum

The Orhan Kemal Literature Museum (Turkish: Orhan Kemal Müzesi) is a literary museum and archive in Istanbul, Turkey dedicated to Turkish literature, and named after novelist Orhan Kemal (1914–1970).
Established with the support of Orhan Kemal Culture and Arts Center, the museum is situated in a five-story building in Cihangir neighborhood of Beyoğlu. On display are photographs about his private life taken by Ara Güler, family photographs, original first edition of his books, his private letters, critics, articles and dissertations about his works. His study room contains his typewriter and many other personal belongings. His death mask is also exhibited in the museum. The building houses a bibliothek and a cafeteria for visitors.
It is accessible by walking from Taksim Square, and is open from 9:00 to 18:00 local time except Sundays. Admission is free of charge.
# Fwa River

The Fwa (French: Rivière Fwa) is a river in the Democratic Republic of the Congo in central Africa, flowing through Kasai-Oriental province. The river is a tributary of the Lubi River, which is a tributary to the Sankuru River, in the southeastern Congo River drainage basin.

## Fauna

The river is particularly notable for its diverse community of fish. This community includes five endemic cichlid species: Cyclopharynx fwae, C. schwetzi, Schwetzochromis neodon, Thoracochromis brauschi and T. callichromus.
# Francis Langford O'Callaghan

Sir Francis Langford O'Callaghan KCMG (22 July 1839 – 14 November 1909) was an Irish civil engineer who spent most of his career in the construction of railways in India.

## Early life and education

Francis Langford O'Callaghan was born in Drisheen, County Cork, Ireland on 22 July 1839. He was educated privately, and at Queen's College, Cork.

## Career

He trained as a civil engineer with Henry Conybeare from 1859 to 1862 whilst working on railway construction in Ireland and in South Wales.
In 1862, he joined the Indian Public Works Department, after competitive examination, and rose through various grades. He was appointed probationary Assistant Engineer on 13 June 1862, Executive Engineer on 1 April 1866, and Superintending Engineer (First Class) in March 1886. On 9 May 1889, he rose to the position of Chief Engineer (First Class) and Consulting Engineer to the Government of India for State Railways, and in 1892, he became Secretary to the Government of India Public Works Department. He retired from Indian service in 1894.
In September 1895, after returning to England, he was appointed by the Colonial Office as a managing member of the Uganda Railway Committee, and held the position until the committee was dissolved on 30 September 1903.
He built several State railways in India. In 1887 to 1889, he designed and partly constructed the railway through the Khojak Pass to the frontier with Afghanistan. A few years earlier, he received the C.I.E. for the construction of a bridge across the Indus at Attock, and later he received the C.S.I. for building a railway through the Bolan Pass to Quetta.
He became a member of the Institution of Civil Engineers in 1872. He was also a fellow of the Royal Geographical Society. He was a director of the Burma Railway Company and the Egyptian Delta Light Railway Company. He published in 1865 "Bidder's Earthwork Tables, intended and adapted for the Use of the Public Works Department in India".

## Personal life and death

O'Callaghan married Anna Powell in 1875 and they had a son. He died in Guildford on 14 November 1909, and was buried at Holy Trinity Church, Guildford.

## Honours

In the 1902 Coronation Honours, O'Callaghan was appointed Knight Commander of the Most Distinguished Order of St Michael and St George (KCMG). He was also awarded the Order of the Indian Empire (CIE) and the Order of the Star of India (CSI).
# Ragogna

Ragogna (Friulian: Ruvigne) is a comune (municipality) in the Regional decentralization entity of Udine, in the Italian region of Friuli-Venezia Giulia, located about 90 kilometres (56 mi) northwest of Trieste and about 30 kilometres (19 mi) northwest of Udine.
Ragogna borders the following municipalities: Forgaria nel Friuli, Pinzano al Tagliamento, San Daniele del Friuli.

## International relations
### Twin towns — sister cities

Ragogna is twinned with:
* Weitensfeld im Gurktal, Austria, since 2003
* Sainte-Bazeille, France, since 2010
# John Middleton (footballer, born 1910)

John Middleton (15 April 1910 – 3 August 1971) was an English footballer who made 179 appearances in the Football League playing for Swansea Town, Darlington, Blackpool and Norwich City in the 1920s and 1930s. An inside right, he also played non-league football for clubs including Mickley, Walker Celtic and South Shields.
# Massacre Play

Massacre Play (Italian: Gioco al massacro, also known as The Wounded King) is a 1989 Italian thriller-drama film directed by Damiano Damiani.

## Cast

* Tomas Milian as Clem Da Silva
* Elliott Gould as Theo Steiner
* Nathalie Baye as Bella
* John Steiner as Danilo
* Eva Robin's as Rosita
* Galeazzo Benti as Cornelius Plank
* Michael Gothard as Zabo
* Peter Woodthorpe as Straccalino
# Campo de Jogo

Sunday Ball (Portuguese: Campo de Jogo) is a 2015 Brazilian documentary film co-written, produced and directed by Eryk Rocha.

## Synopsis

In the shadow of Maracanã Stadium in Rio de Janeiro, 14 soccer teams from the favelas compete in soccer matches.

## Release

The film received its North American premiere on 20 February 2015 at the Museum of Modern Art. On 3 May 2015, the film will be featured at the San Francisco International Film Festival.
# Convent of Jesus and Mary, Murree

The Convent of Jesus Mary, Murree is a girls school located in Murree, Punjab, Pakistan. It was founded in 1876, by a French woman named Claudine Thévenet, foundress of the Religious of Jesus Mary, whose aim was to raise and educate young women. Though this is a convent school yet Islamic studies are studies here as well.

## History

The school operated as a boarding school from its establishment until 2007.
   "We have served students all over the country for 135 years. It is time now to concentrate on the people of Murree. This town has also changed as it has expanded and there are many children today. We had 160 girls in the boarding and right now we have 400 day-scholars. There is no limit on the number of students that will join the school."
On February 15, 2012, the President of Pakistan approved conferment of Sitara Quaid-e-Azam on Sister John Berchmans Conway, a former teacher of the school, for her services towards education and promoting interfaith harmony in Pakistan.

## Notable alumni

* Benazir Bhutto
* Tehmina Durrani, author of My Feudal Lord
* Syeda Abida Hussain
* Rubina Khanum, elder sister of Imran Khan
# Philipp Schmiedl

Philipp Schmiedl (born 23 July 1997) is an Austrian professional footballer who plays as a centre-back for ASV Siegendorf.

## Club career

He made his professional Austrian Football Second League debut for Juniors OÖ on 29 July 2018 in a game against Wacker Innsbruck II.
On 23 July 2019 he signed a two-year contract with an additional one-year extension option with SCR Altach. He made his Austrian Football Bundesliga debut with SCR Altach on 15 September 2019 in a game against St. Pölten.
On 3 October 2020, Schmiedl signed a four-year contract with Danish Superliga club SønderjyskE. To get more playing time, Schmiedl returned to Austria on 31 August 2021, signing a season-long loan deal with Admira Wacker. On 27 July 2022, after returning from his latest loan spell, Schmiedl left SønderjyskE to join Hungarian side Mezőkövesdi SE.
On 27 June 2022, Schmiedl joined Hungarian club Mezőkövesd. In January 2023, he moved to the Austrian third-tier Austrian Regionalliga club ASV Siegendorf.