OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Metric mile

A metric mile or an Olympic mile is a colloquial term used in some countries for the 1500 meters, the premier middle distance running event in international track and field. The term 'metric mile' (0.93 statute miles) was applied to this distance because it approximates one statute mile (1609.344 m). The term is most commonly used in track running, speed skating and swimming.

## History

In track running, the 1500 m race became the standard middle distance race in Europe in the late 19th century, and has been the standard distance in the Olympic Games since 1896.
Prior to metrication, many tracks in the United States and the Commonwealth of Nations were constructed to the specifications of one quarter of a mile, 440 yards (402.336 m). Thus when the mile was run, the race was a four lap race. The Commonwealth Games officially converted to metric in the mid-1960s. The United States adopted metric rules in the mid to late 1970s, though some tracks are still constructed to be a quarter of a mile in length requiring calibrated painted lines to run metric races.
Even in countries such as the U.S, which do not embrace the metric system, most running tracks now have a lap distance of 400 meters in the innermost lane. The final leg of a distance medley relay uses a four-lap 1600 m leg; The standard middle distance in many United States high school competitions is 1600 m and this distance is sometimes referred to as a metric mile as well.
In swimming, the 1500 m (1640 yd) race is commonly referred to as "the swimmer's mile", and is often the longest distance swum by competitors in a pool. The standard distance triathlon also employs the swimmer's mile, except that it is in open water instead of in a pool.
# Leonas Petrauskas

Leonas Eugenijus Petrauskas (1919 – 18 July 1994) was a Lithuanian basketball player. He won two gold medals with the Lithuania national basketball team during EuroBasket 1937 and EuroBasket 1939.

## Career

Leonas Petrauskas worked as a Doctor at the Engadine Medical Group, 1107 Old Prince's Highway (corner of Boronia Avenue), Engadine, NSW, Australia. Engadine Medical Group also had a smaller practice at Heathcote, NSW, Australia.
# HaMerkaz HaHakla'i

HaMerkaz HaHakla'i (Hebrew: המרכז החקלאי, lit. 'The Agricultural Centre'), also referred to simply as Merkaz Hakla'i, is an umbrella organization covering the economic and social functioning of a large part of the agricultural settlements in Israel. It is the executive of the Agricultural Workers Union [he], which was established in 1919. In English it has been variously called the Central Agricultural Office, or the Agricultural Executive Centre, one of the "national frameworks set up prior to the founding of the State". It has been described as the main Jewish agricultural planning organisation of the British Mandate period, which connected the general workers' trade union (Histadrut) and the associated kibbutz movement, with the Zionist Organization (ZO). The Agricultural Centre played a major role in creating a centralised settlement and agricultural plan. It was in charge of coordinating Jewish agricultural activities by organising settlements into block committees and regional councils, allocating land, etc. After the 1948 war, the Agricultural Centre, directly or through its regional councils, distributed land from abandoned Arab farms to the Jewish settlements (individual or in blocks) who were applying for such lease agreements.

## Organisation

The 151 members of HaMerkaz HaHakla'i are selected every four years by a conference of 501 members of the Agricultural Workers Union. The organisation is headed by a 21-member secretariat.

## History

The Agricultural Workers Union was established in 1919.
After the Histadrut was established in 1920, the Agricultural Workers Union became one of its central components. This arrangement lasted until 1994, when the two organisations separated.
# Vitalii Doroshenko

Vitalii Doroshenko (Ukrainian: Віталій Дорошенко; born 12 December 1994) is a Ukrainian-Portuguese footballer who plays for Dragões Sandinenses.

## Club career

Born in Kherson, in Ukraine, Doroshenko started his career in Portugal, playing for many clubs during his youth career between 2005 and 2013. Notable among the clubs was Porto. In 2013, he signed for Doxa Katokopias in Cypriot First Division. He made his debut against AEL Limassol, coming as an 86th-minute substitute for Carlitos. He scored a brace in a Cypriot Cup match against Olympiakos Nicosia. In 2015, he moved to Olympiakos Nicosia for 6 months.

## Club statistics

    As of 26 May 2014
| Club | Season | League | League | League | Cup | Cup | Other | Other | Total | Total |
| Club | Season | Division | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals |
| Doxa Katokopias | 2013–14 | Cypriot First Division | 8 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 10 | 3 |
| Career total | Career total | Career total | 8 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 10 | 3 |
# Shazia Khushk

Shazia Khushk (Urdu: شازیہ خشک, Sindhi: شازيه خشڪ) (born September 1970 in Jamshoro), is a Pakistani former folk singer. She sang in Sindhi, Balochi, Sairaiki, Urdu, Kashmiri, Brahui and Punjabi.

## Biography

Shazia Khushk was born at Jamshoro. She debuted for a show in 1992, upon her husband's encouragement, about whom Shazia says, "My husband often called me the Queen of Voice". She emerged as a singer of two prominent languages Sindhi and Balochi. Her debut song Mara Udheta Pakhiyara Kadi Aao Na Maare Des popularized her name across the country.

## Legacy

Shazia Khushk performed over 500 songs in the span of her career, performing in 45 countries around the world. US Consulate General, Karachi had selected Shazia as the 'Goodwill Ambassador'. Sindh University, Jamshoro conferred upon her, an honorary fellowship for 'Sufism - folk music'. She received the 'Presidential Award' from the government of Uzbekistan

## Awards

* Shazia Khushk received an honorary fellowship in Sufism and folk music from the University of Sindh.
* Uzbekistan government awarded her a Presidential Award in appreciation of her singing.

## Quit Singing

In 2019, Shahzia Khushk announced that she has decided to part ways with the music industry. And she will spend her rest of the life in the service of Islam.

## Songs

Some of her famous songs are:
* Roobaro-e-Yaar
* Tera Naam Liya
* Laal Meri Pat Rakhyo لعل میری پت رکھیو
* Niaani Nimaani
* Medha Ranjana میڈھا رانجھنا
* Mada udtha Pakhiya ke Ao Na Mare Desh
* Aley Muhinja Maaraora
https://lyricskaashi.blogspot.com/
# List of regions of Jamaica by Human Development Index

This is a list of regions of Jamaica by Human Development Index as of 2024 with data for the year 2022.
| Rank | Region (Parish) | HDI (2022) |
| High human development |||
| 1 | Saint Ann, Saint Catherine | 0.721 |
| 2 | Kingston Parish, Saint Andrew | 0.714 |
| – | Jamaica (average) | 0.706 |
| 3 | Manchester, Clarendon | 0.703 |
| Medium human development |||
| 4 | Saint James, Hanover, Westmoreland | 0.698 |
| 5 | Saint Thomas, Portland, Saint Mary | 0.695 |
| 6 | Trelawny, Saint Elizabeth | 0.688 |
# Ernest F. Pletschke

Ernest F. Pletschke is the name of the surveyor who platted Houghton, Michigan in 1854, prior to its incorporation as a village in 1861. In Houghton's first days it was said that "only thieves, crooks, murderers and Indians" lived there.
An Ernest F. Pletschke, most likely the same individual (though this is by no means certain) also was a leading citizen of nearby Outagamie County, Wisconsin during the American Civil War era. This Pletschke was a professor of German at Lawrence University in Appleton, Wisconsin. In November 1860, he and forty students formed a local militia company, with Pletschke as Captain and a Professor Pomeroy as First Lieutenant. In April 1861, Professor Pletschke became the captain of the Appleton Light Infantry, with one T. R. Hudd as First Lieutenant. On May 31, 1861, Pletschke offered the services of his company to Adjutant-General William L. Utley in the Union's battle against the southern rebels; Utley accepted in early June, noting that the Appleton Light Infantry would likely be called upon within ten days. They were mustered into service soon after. His command was folded into the regiment of Colonel Frank J. Hecker of Illinois, where his captaincy was confirmed and made official.
Pletschke died in October 1861 at Louisville, Kentucky as a result of a relapse of typhoid fever, which he had contracted at some earlier, unspecified time. He was survived by a widow and a daughter. His funeral was held in the Lawrence Memorial Chapel at Lawrence University.
# Muskö Canal

The Muskö Canal (Swedish: Muskö kanal) is an artificial canal that divides the island of Muskö into western and eastern halves, linking Mysingen [sv] to the south with Horsfjärden to the north. The canal itself is 350 metres (1,150 ft) in length, and with its approaches has a total length of about 1 kilometre (0.62 mi). It has a depth of 1.7 metres (5 ft 7 in), a bottom width of 3 metres (9.8 ft), a width at water level of 8 metres (26 ft), and a navigation clearance of 3 metres (9.8 ft) above water level.

## History

Originally the two halves of Muskö were separated by a natural sound, but post-glacial rebound had rendered this route unusable by the early 1700s. The first artificial canal was constructed in 1719 by the Russians as part of their campaign of raids at that time. Over time and with the land continuing to rise, the first canal became less usable and eventually, by the start of the 20th century, it had disappeared.
In the 1930s the local fishermen proposed that the canal be re-excavated, as it would save them an hours voyage between their fishing grounds and market. In 1933 work commenced on re-opening the channel, as a public works project giving 52 unemployed men a paid job, and the canal opened in 1934. As built, a hand-operated bascule bridge was provided to carry the road between the two halves of the island, but this proved difficult to operate and was fixed in position. In the 1970s, a modern bridge was built north of the old bridge, which was left in place for pedestrian and bicycle traffic.
# S. Tyler Read

Samuel Tyler Read, usually known as S. Tyler Read, (May 11, 1836 – December 18, 1880) was an American Union brevet brigadier general during the period of the American Civil War. He received his appointment as brevet brigadier general dated to March 13, 1865.
Samuel Tyler Read was born on May 11, 1836, in Attleboro, Massachusetts. His parents were Henry Clifford Read and Eunice Doggett Tyler Read of Attleboro, Massachusetts. Read was a graduate of the 1860 class of Union College. In September 1861, President Lincoln authorized General Benjamin Butler to recruit a division of troops in New England, and Butler gave S. Tyler Read permission to raise a squadron of cavalry to consist of two companies. He married Kate Scofield on July 1, 1868. They had two daughters, Martha and Kathryn. Read died on December 18, 1880, in New Orleans, Louisiana.
# Bono, Sardinia

Bono (Sardinian: Bòno) is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Sassari in the Italian region Sardinia, located about 130 kilometres (81 mi) north of Cagliari and about 50 kilometres (31 mi) southeast of Sassari.

## History

The territory of Bono has been inhabited by man since the Nuraghic age as evidenced by the numerous nuraghi scattered throughout the territory.
# Antoine Tassy

Antoine Tassy (26 March 1924 – 3 March 1991) was a Haitian football (soccer) player and manager. He was the manager of the Haiti national football team in the 1974 FIFA World Cup, their only World Cup appearance to date. In 1963, he was the manager of Jamaica. Earlier in 1963, he was the manager of Racing Club Haïtien, who were eventually declared winners of the 1963 CONCACAF Champions' Cup.
As a player, he represented Haiti in 1954 World Cup qualification, at the 1957 CCCF Championship and at the 1959 Pan American Games.
During Tassy's time as manager of Haiti, the national team was used as an instrument of propaganda by the Duvaliers. A friendly held at Downing Stadium, New York City in July 1973 between Haiti and Millonarios of Colombia was delayed for more than two hours and forty five minutes by Haitian exiles protesting against the regime. At one point, Tassy took his team to the dressing room and said that they were going home. He later made a call to Haitian Football Federation president Claude Raymond who told him to resume the match, if possible. Then, Serge Charles, a high ranking member of the Haitian delegation to the United Nations, arrived and made another call to Raymond, and the Haitians agreed to go back on the field. Police arrived and cordoned off the field.
Tassy was described in a February 1974 Observer article by Hugh McIlvanney as a "short, thickly built man" and as a "48 year-old Negro who is director of sport in Haiti and coach of the national team". The article stated that Tassy had both a year's study of the sport of football in Paris and "twenty years" as an inside left with Racing, "one of the most popular of the eight Port-au-Prince teams that form the highest level of the game in Haiti".
Looking forward to the World Cup first round match versus Italy later that year, Tassy was quoted as saying in the Observer piece that "we know the Italians will not play their usual game against us...they will not be as cautious as they normally are. They will come out to overwhelm us, regarding us as much the weakest of their opponents. We will try to defend carefully and hit them with counter-attacks".
Haiti shocked Italy in their opening match of the tournament by taking a lead in the 46th minute through Emmanuel Sanon from a quick counter attacking pass by Philippe Vorbe. However, Italy eventually won 3–1.
Tassy was also co-manager of the CONCACAF side at the 1972 Brazil Independence Cup with Carlos Padilla of Honduras.
He died on 3 March 1991.
# San Teodoro, Sardinia

San Teodoro (Gallurese: Santu Diadòru, Sardinian: Santu Tiadòru) is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Sassari in the Italian region Sardinia, located about 180 kilometres (110 mi) northeast of Cagliari and about 20 kilometres (12 mi) southeast of Olbia. As of 31 December 2004, it had a population of 3,565 and an area of 104.8 square kilometres (40.5 sq mi).
The municipality of San Teodoro contains several frazioni (subdivisions, mainly villages and hamlets), among which: La Suarédda, Monti Pitrosu, Straula, Budditogliu, La Traversa, Lu Fraili, and Lu Sitagliacciu.
San Teodoro borders the following municipalities: Budoni, Loiri Porto San Paolo, Padru, Torpè.
The beach of "La Cinta" was home of the kite boarding festival in September 2010.
The beach of "Lu Impostu" is also known as Little Tahiti due to the beautiful colours of the sea.
# Arshak Hayrapetyan

Arshak Hayrapetyan (Armenian: Արշակ Հայրապէտյան, born 8 November 1978) is an Armenian Freestyle wrestler. He competed at the 2000 Summer Olympics in the men's freestyle 63 kg division, coming in 5th place.
# James of Douai

James of Douai (French: Jacques de Douai, Latin: Jacobus de Duaco; fl. 1275) was a French philosopher who taught at the University of Paris.
James was a Master of Arts who wrote commentaries on Aristotle. He defended the freedom of philosophers to engage in speculation. In 1275, the papal legate Simon of Brion appointed him proctor of the Picard nation at the university. He was probably one of the targets of the Condemnation of 1277. It is possible that the philosopher is the same person as the James of Douai who was a monk at the Abbey of Saint Bertin from 1287 to 1311.
Two commentaries on Aristotle's Meteorology and Nicomachean Ethics were once attributed to James, but his authorship now doubted. The commentary on Meteorology does contain ideas similar to those in James's known commentary on On the Soul. He adhered to the Averroist doctrine that knowledge was the ultimate perfecter of humans. James wrote commentaries of the summa and quaestiones form on Aristotle's On Length and Shortness of Life, On Memory, On Sleep, Sense and Sensibilia, Physics, Prior Analytics and Posterior Analytics.
# Eljo Iba

Eljo Ernesto Ignatius Polikarpus Iba (born December 17, 1991) is an Indonesian professional footballer who plays as a right back. His older brother, Erol Iba is a former footballer for Indonesia national team.

## Club career
### Persiba Balikpapan

Eljo Iba joined the Persiba Balikpapan club in the 2020 Liga 2. This season was suspended on 27 March 2020 due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The season was abandoned and was declared void on 20 January 2021.
# Miss Grenada World

Miss Grenada World was a beauty pageant which selected representatives for the Miss Universe and Miss World pageant from Grenada. The winner receives nationwide media exposure, thousands of dollars in prizes, an all-expense-paid trip to the Miss World contest and the opportunity to travel the world to act as an ambassador for various charitable causes.

## History

Miss Grenada was held for first time in 1964. The competition is run as a franchise and organized by a committee. The event organizers strive to increase the skill level and confidence of young Grenadian women. Christine Hughes was the first Miss Grenada 1964 and competed at Miss Universe 1964.

## Miss World

Jennifer Hosten won the Miss World 1970 contest, representing Grenada. She became the first woman from her country to win the title. The whole contest had been controversial even before the result had been announced. Afterwards allegations were made about the influence of the Prime Minister of Grenada, who was on the judging panel.

### Miss Grenada World

In 2007, Jennifer Hosten, Miss Grenada 1970, was granted the Miss Grenada World Franchise by the Miss World Organization. The event took place at Jenny's Place, a resort on the beach in Grand Anse and was sponsored by the Ministry of Tourism of Grenada and cosmetics company, Revlon.

## Titleholders
### Miss Universe Grenada

* : Declared as Winner
* : Ended as runner-up or top 5/6 qualification
* : Ended as one of the finalists or semifinalists
* : Ended as special awards winner
| Year | Miss Grenada | Placement |
| 1964 | Christine Hughes | Unplaced |
| Did not compete between 1965 - present |||

### Miss World Grenada

* : Declared as Winner
* : Ended as runner-up or top 5/6 qualification
* : Ended as one of the finalists or semifinalists
* : Ended as special awards winner
| Year | Miss Grenada | Placement |
| 1970 | Jennifer Hosten | Miss World 1970 |
| Did not compete between 1971 - 1995 |||
| 1996 | Aria Johnson | Unplaced |
| Did not compete between 1997 - 2006 |||
| 2007 | Vivian Burkhardt | Top 16 |
| 2009 | Tamara Lawrence | Did not compete |
| 2013 | Priscilla Collingsworth | Did not compete |
# Chaco (volcano)

25°27′S 69°02′W﻿ / ﻿25.450°S 69.033°W﻿ / -25.450; -69.033 Chaco is a volcano in Chile.
It is part of the Central Volcanic Zone of Chile, which since the Miocene has generated large volcanic edifices. Chaco itself is 5,145 metres (16,880 ft) or 5,045 metres (16,552 ft) high and consists of two overlapping volcanic cones, which further have been cut by about three separate sector collapses. Lava flow features such as individual blocks and the flow front have been well preserved by the arid climate of the region. The sector collapses have given rise to avalanche deposits, the largest of which has a volume of about 2.45 cubic kilometres (0.59 cu mi). Later two of the sector collapses were found to be nonexistent, with one scarp being of glacial origin and another landslide deposit being a pyroclastic deposit.
Chaco has principally erupted andesite, which contains hornblende, orthopyroxene and plagioclase, but also biotite within lava dome forming andesites. Some hydrothermal alteration has taken place in the central part of the volcano. Radiometric dating has yielded ages of 17.0 - 15.5 million years ago.
# Huashan 1914 Creative Park

The Huashan 1914 Creative Park (traditional Chinese: 華山1914文化創意產業園區; simplified Chinese: 华山1914文化创意产业园区; pinyin: Huàshān 1914 Wénhuà Chuàngyì Chǎnyè Yuánqū) is a multi-purpose park in Zhongzheng District, Taipei, Taiwan.

## History
### Empire of Japan

What is now Huashan 1914 Creative Park opened in 1914 as Taihoku Winery during Japanese rule. It was privately owned winery that produced sake and ginseng wines, and bred moth orchids. In 1922, the government included wine within a list of monopoly items. They bought the winery and changed the name to Taiwan Governor-General's Monopoly Bureau, Taihoku Wine Factory. The winery then produced rice wine and liquors.

### Republic of China

In 1945, the ROC Government took ownership over the winery and changed the name into Taiwan Province Monopoly Bureau, Taipei Wine Factory.
In 1949, when the Monopoly Bureau started including tobacco among its items, the winery was renamed to Taiwan Province Tobacco and Wine Government Monopoly Bureau, Taipei First Winery. The winery produced cheap liquor made from cassava that became known as Taibai Liquor. It was a staple drink for most people.
In the mid-1960s, the winery name was changed yet again, this time to Fruit Wine Factory. Rice wine started to occupy a bigger part of its production. In compliance with government policy, the winery started to develop fruit wines. It was the start of its golden age.
In 1987, due to rapid urbanization in Taipei, pollution it caused due to manufacturing process and skyrocketing land prices, the winery moved to Linkou District in Taipei County.
In 1997, the Golden Bough Theater Group barged into the winery premises and staged a production. The winery was slated for demolition. The group was charged with forcible entry into state property. Artists and performing groups reacted and clamored for the reopening of the winery that had been left idle for ten years.
In December 2003, the Council for Cultural Affairs (CCA) took over its management. They planned a complete reconstruction that started in early 2004. And the end of 2005, Huashan 1914 Creative Park opened and offered artists a place to develop their creations and non-profit organizations a venue to hold activities.
In November 2007, the CCA signed a contract with Taiwan Cultural-Creative Development Co., Ltd. to run the park. Since then, theater groups, painters, wood sculptors, writers, movie producers and directors from Taiwan and abroad have found in the park a timeless pace to showcase their creative talents.

## Transportation

The park is accessible within walking distance West from Zhongxiao Xinsheng Station of the Taipei Metro.