OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Dhurma

Dhruma or Darma (Arabic: ضرما) is a small town located 73.4 kilometres (45.6 mi) by road northwest of Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. It is the center of the small Dhurma Governorate of Riyadh Province, and had a population of 10,267 people according to the 2004 census. It lies in the wide Al-Batin valley, which it shares with its larger twin, Muzahmiyya.

## History

The town appears in the 7th century poetry of Jarir as "Qarma" or "Garma", and is also mentioned by the same name in Yaqut's encyclopedia. It is unknown, however, when exactly the name evolved into "Dhurma". The village was important in pre-20th century Nejd as a western gateway to the region of Wadi Hanifa, which includes Riyadh and Diriyah, and often bore the brunt of the military campaigns directed at the region. Its traditional rulers were distant cousins of the Al Saud family, and Dhurma joined the First Saudi State at the end of the 18th century. A large invasion of Saudi-ruled territory by the Yam tribe of Najran, some 1000 km to the south, was repelled by the people of Dhurma in 1775 after an intense battle fought in a nearby forest of palm trees.
Later, the Egyptian-Ottoman forces of Ibrahim Pasha placed the town under siege on their way to the Saudi capital of Diriyah (see Saudi-Ottoman War). Dhurma offered remarkably stout resistance to the invading army, and even rejected Ibrahim's offer of a truce in exchange for allowing him to proceed to Diriyah. The town, however, surrendered in early 1818 and Ibrahim's retribution was especially harsh, allowing his troops to pillage the village with impunity. The town revived somewhat after those events, and was reported by Philby to have had a population of nearly 6,000 in 1917. Its fortunes have fallen dramatically in recent decades, however, because it was bypassed by the modern Riyadh-Mecca highway, and most of its original inhabitants have moved to neighboring Riyadh.

## Climate

Climate data for Dhurma :
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 20.3 (68.5) | 23.2 (73.8) | 28.1 (82.6) | 32.4 (90.3) | 38.6 (101.5) | 41.7 (107.1) | 42.6 (108.7) | 42.1 (107.8) | 40.1 (104.2) | 34.4 (93.9) | 27.1 (80.8) | 21.7 (71.1) | 32.7 (90.9) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 10.0 (50.0) | 8.1 (46.6) | 14.1 (57.4) | 18.3 (64.9) | 23.4 (74.1) | 25.5 (77.9) | 26.7 (80.1) | 23.6 (74.5) | 23.4 (74.1) | 18.3 (64.9) | 13.6 (56.5) | 9.0 (48.2) | 17.8 (64.1) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 16 (0.6) | 8 (0.3) | 32 (1.3) | 31 (1.2) | 11 (0.4) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 2 (0.1) | 8 (0.3) | 13 (0.5) | 121 (4.8) |
| Source: Climate-data.org ||||||||||||||
# Teshel Cove

Teshel Cove (Bulgarian: залив Тешел, ‘Zaliv Teshel’ \'za-liv 'tr-shel\) is the 1.4 km wide cove indenting for 1.6 km the west coast of Low Island in the South Shetland Islands, Antarctica. Situated north of Malina Cove and south by west of Kazichene Cove, 8.3 km north of Cape Garry and 6.7 km south by west of Cape Wallace.
The cove is named after the settlement of Teshel in southern Bulgaria.

## Location

Teshel Cove is centred at 63°17′17″S 62°15′08″W﻿ / ﻿63.28806°S 62.25222°W﻿ / -63.28806; -62.25222. British mapping in 2009.

## Maps

* South Shetland Islands: Smith and Low Islands. Scale 1:150000 topographic map No. 13677. British Antarctic Survey, 2009.
* Antarctic Digital Database (ADD). Scale 1:250000 topographic map of Antarctica. Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research (SCAR). Since 1993, regularly upgraded and updated.
# Rida Quli

Rida Quli (Azerbaijani: Rzaqulu; Uzbek: Rizoquli; Persian: رضاقلی, romanized: Rezâqoli; Urdu: رضا قلی, romanized: Rizā Qulī) is a Turkic-derived Muslim male given name meaning 'slave of Ali ar-Rida'. It is built from quli. It is equivalent to Arabic-derived Abd ar-Rida or Persian-derived Gholamreza.

## People

* Reza-Qoli Khan Hedayat
* Reza Qoli Mirza Afshar
* Mirza Rida Quli Shari'at-Sanglaji
# Breitinden

Breitinden (Norwegian) or Reaiddaidčohkka (Northern Sami) is the highest mountain on the island of Senja in Troms county, Norway. It is located in Senja Municipality, southeast of the Medfjorden and southwest of the village of Medfjordbotn. The village of Senjahopen lies about 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) northwest of the mountain. The lake Svartholvatnet is located along the southwestern base of the mountain.
# John M. Sullivan (mathematician)

John Matthew Sullivan (born February 25, 1963) is an American mathematician who works in Germany as a professor at Technische Universität Berlin. His research includes work on knot theory, constant-mean-curvature surfaces, mathematical foams, scientific visualization, and mesh generation.

## Early life and education

Sullivan was born in Princeton, New Jersey, and graduated summa cum laude from Harvard University in 1985. He earned a master's degree from the University of Cambridge in 1986, and a doctorate from Princeton University in 1990 under the supervision of Frederick J. Almgren, Jr.

## Career

After postdoctoral studies at The Geometry Center and the Mathematical Sciences Research Institute, Sullivan joined the faculty of the University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign in 1997. He moved to Berlin in 2003, and chaired the Berlin Mathematical School from 2012 to 2014.

## Awards

In 2012, he became one of the inaugural Fellows of the American Mathematical Society.
# Klyuchevoy, Republic of Bashkortostan

Klyuchevoy (Russian: Ключевой) is a rural locality (a village) in Abdullinsky Selsoviet, Mechetlinsky District, Bashkortostan, Russia. The population was 180 in 2010. There are four streets.

## Geography

Klyuchevoy is located 23 km northwest of Bolsheustyikinskoye (the district's administrative centre) by road. Abdullino is the nearest rural locality.
# Henrik Batikyan

Henrik Batikyan (Armenian: Հենրիկ Բատիկյան, born 12 February 1977) is an Armenian footballer. He currently plays for the Armenian Premier League club Shirak Gyumri.
# Vorobyevsky, Astrakhan Oblast

Vorobyevsky (Russian: Воробьёвский) is a rural locality (a settlement) in Zabuzansky Selsoviet, Krasnoyarsky District, Astrakhan Oblast, Russia. The population was 110 as of 2010. There are 9 streets.

## Geography

Vorobyevsky is located 7 km southwest of Krasny Yar (the district's administrative centre) by road. Zabuzan is the nearest rural locality.
# Will Snowdon

Will Snowdon (born 7 January 1983) is an English former professional footballer.
Snowdon played in the Scottish leagues for Livingston, Partick Thistle and Stranraer. Snowdon was an unused substitute for Livingston as they won the 2004 Scottish League Cup Final.
Since 2007, Snowdon played for Bo'ness United up until his retirement from playing in April 2021.

## Honours

Titles
* Scottish League Cup: 2004
Individual
* Ipswich Town Young Player of the Year: 2001–02
# William Barker (tennis)

William Barker (born 21 March 1981) is a British former professional tennis player.
Barker played collegiate tennis for Rice University in the United States, forming a doubles partnership with twin brother Richard. The pair had 35 consecutive wins in their junior year, culminating in a semifinal loss at the NCAA Division I Championships.
On the professional tour, Barker had a best doubles ranking of 244 in the world and partnered his brother in the main draw of the 2005 Wimbledon Championships, where the wildcard pairing were defeated in the first round by top seeds Jonas Björkman and Max Mirnyi.
# Vasily Potto

Vasily Aleksandrovich Potto (Russian: Василий Александрович Потто; 1 January 1836 – 29 November 1911) was a Russian lieutenant-general (1907) and military historian, known for his landmark works on the history of the Caucasian War.

## History

Born of a noble family of a German descent in the Tula Governorate, Potto was educated at the Orlovsky Bakhtin Cadet Corps. He served as a captain in the Crimean War (1853–55) and took part in putting down the Polish January Uprising (1863–64). In 1887 Colonel Potto was attached to the staff of the Caucasus Military District, where he was appointed head of the military and historical department in 1899. During his tenure in the Caucasus, Potto collected pieces of folk literature of the Caucasian mountain peoples and the Cossacks. He exploited his access to vast historical and first-hand material and produced a series of works pertaining to the Russian conquest of the Caucasus, including his monumental five-volume The Caucasian War in Different Essays, Episodes, Legends, and Biographies (1885–91).
# Palain

Palain (Persian: پلايين, also Romanized as Palā’īn) is a village in Khalazir Rural District, Aftab District, Tehran County, Tehran Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 361, in 81 families.
# Rahimabad, Tehran

Rahimabad (Persian: رحيم اباد, also Romanized as Raḩīmābād) is a village in Khalazir Rural District, Aftab District, Tehran County, Tehran Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 46, in 16 families.
# Djevletommelen

Djevletommelen (Devil's Thumb) is a mountain in Prins Karls Forland, Svalbard. The mountain has a height of 831 m.a.s.l. and is located northeast of Phippsfjellet, and appears as a nunatak of the Buchananisen glacier.
# George Henry Gordon

George Henry Gordon (July 19, 1823 – August 30, 1886) was an American lawyer and a Union general in the American Civil War.

## Early life

Gordon was born in Charlestown, Massachusetts. He moved to Framingham, Massachusetts, at the age of five with his widowed mother. He graduated from the United States Military Academy in 1846, 43rd in a class of 59 cadets. He served under Lt. Gen. Winfield Scott in the Mexican–American War, earning the brevet of first lieutenant for gallantry at Cerro Gordo. He resigned from the army in 1854. After taking a course in the Harvard Law School, he practiced law in Boston.

## Civil War

When the Civil War erupted in 1861, Gordon organized and became colonel of the 2nd Regiment Massachusetts Volunteer Infantry. The regiment served guarding the upper Potomac River and Frederick, Maryland, and in the spring of 1862, Gordon served under Maj. Gen. Nathaniel P. Banks, unsuccessfully opposing Maj. Gen. Stonewall Jackson in the Shenandoah Valley. Gordon was appointed a brigadier general of volunteers on June 12, 1862, to rank from June 9, 1862.
Gordon commanded a brigade in XII Corps, Army of the Potomac, at the Battle of Antietam, becoming acting division commander when Brig. Gen. Alpheus S. Williams became acting corps commander. He also took command of 1st Division, XI Corps, following the Battle of Gettysburg and was transferred with it to the Department of the South. There he commanded troops on Folly Island, South Carolina. Starting in November 1864, Gordon served in the Department of Virginia. He commanded the Eastern District of that department from February 1865 until he left the army.
Gordon served in the army until August 24, 1865. On January 13, 1866, President Andrew Johnson nominated Gordon for the award of the honorary grade of brevet major general, United States Volunteers, to rank from April 9, 1865, and the U.S. Senate confirmed the award on March 12, 1866.

## Postbellum career

After the war, Gordon practiced law in Boston. He was one of the founders of the Military Historical Society of Massachusetts. He published the following books:
* History of the Second Massachusetts Regiment (1876)
* History of the Campaign of the Army of Virginia under Gen. John Pope from Cedar Mountain to Alexandria (1880)
* A War Diary of the Events of the War of the Great Rebellion, 1863-65 (1882)
* Brook Farm to Cedar Mountain (1883)
Gordon died in Framingham, Massachusetts, and is buried in Framingham Centre.
# Samuel Harriman

Samuel Harriman (October 1826 – August 25, 1897) was a colonel in the Union Army during the American Civil War who was nominated and confirmed for appointment to the grade of brevet brigadier general in 1866.

## Biography

Harriman was born in Orland, Maine, in October 1826. After taking part in the California Gold Rush, Harriman and his brother founded Somerset, Wisconsin, in 1856. He died on August 25, 1897, in Hot Springs, Arkansas. He married Fidelia Holbrook Fanning and had two children, Charles Fanning Harriman and Mary Frances Harriman (Mrs. Cordenio Severance).

## Career

Harriman joined the Union Army in 1862 during the American Civil War and was assigned to the 30th Wisconsin Volunteer Infantry Regiment. In 1864, he helped to organize 37th Wisconsin Volunteer Infantry Regiment and was then promoted to colonel and given command of the regiment. The regiment was later attached to the IX Corps under the command of future U.S. Senator Ambrose Burnside. Harriman and the 37th would later take part in the Battle of the Crater during the Siege of Petersburg.
On January 13, 1866, President Andrew Johnson nominated Harriman for appointment to the grade of brevet brigadier general of volunteers to rank from April 2, 1865, and the United States Senate confirmed the appointment on March 12, 1866.
# John Parker Hawkins

John Parker Hawkins (September 29, 1830 – February 7, 1914) was a career officer of the United States Army who served as brigadier general during the American Civil War, in which he served as a commissary officer and as a commander of colored troops. After the war he remained in the army and rose to the position of Commissary General of Subsistence of the United States Army.

## Early life

Hawkins was born in Indianapolis, Indiana, the son of John Hawkins and Elizabeth (née Waller); his elder sister was Louisa Hawkins Canby (who married Major General Edward Canby). He graduated from West Point in 1852 as 40th out of 43 cadets, and joined the 2nd US Infantry. When the Civil War began in 1861 he was a First Lieutenant and Regimental Quartermaster of the 6th US Infantry.

## Civil War

Parker was promoted to captain on August 3, 1861, and was posted to Missouri to serve as a Commissary of Subsistence. He was sent to western Tennessee in 1862, and was promoted to lieutenant colonel on November 1 that year. The following month he became the Commissary General for Gen. Grant's Army of the Tennessee. On April 25, 1863, President Abraham Lincoln appointed Hawkins Brigadier General in the U.S. Volunteers, with effect from April 13, 1863. However, the U.S. Senate returned the nomination to the President on April 1, 1864. The following day Lincoln renominated Hawkins and the Senate subsequently confirmed the appointment on April 18, 1864.
Hawkins was assigned to command a brigade of the United States Colored Troops (USCT) and the District of Northeastern Louisiana. In April 1864 he assumed command of the 1st Division of the USCT. He and his division distinguished themselves in the assault at the Battle of Fort Blakeley on April 9, 1865, which resulted in the capture of Mobile, Alabama. Hawkins was mustered out of the Union Army volunteer service on February 1, 1866.
In the wave of the mass promotions at the end of the war Hawkins was promoted to the brevet grade of major general in both the U.S. Volunteers and the regular army.

## Later life

Hawkins stayed in the army and reverted to his regular rank of captain in the Subsistence Department. He married Jane Bethuxe Craig, daughter of former Chief of Ordnance Colonel Henry Knox Craig, on October 10, 1867. He served in a number of postings and received a series of promotions: to major on June 23, 1874; to lieutenant colonel on September 3, 1889; and colonel on March 12, 1892. He was appointed Commissary General of Subsistence of the U.S. Army with the rank of brigadier general on December 2, 1892, and remained in this position till he resigned on September 29, 1894, aged 64. He died on February 7, 1914, in Indianapolis, Indiana, outlived by his daughter, and was buried at the local Crown Hill Cemetery. His wife had predeceased him on April 13, 1913.

## Released works

* Memoranda concerning some branches of the Hawkins family and connections (1913)
# Mayim Mayim

Mayim Mayim (Hebrew: מים מים, "water, water") is an Israeli folk dance, danced to a song of the same name. It has become notable outside the Israeli dancing community and is often performed at international folk dance events.

## History

The dance was created in 1937 for a festival to celebrate the discovery of water in the desert after a seven-year search. The choreographer was Else I. Dublon.
The dance is sometimes known as "Ushavtem Mayim", after the first words of the lyrics, or simply just "Mayim", but "Mayim Mayim" is the original and most common name. The movement to the first four counts has become known as the "Mayim step" and is similar to the grapevine step found in other forms of dance.
"Mayim Mayim" is done in a circle formation, facing the center through most of the dance, and holding hands except when clapping.
| Count | Step |
| Part 1 |
| 1–4 | Grapevine: Step R foot across in front of L foot, step on L foot to L, step on R foot behind L foot, step on L foot to L (turning a bit as you go, so that the R foot goes more forward and backward, rather than directly crossing) |
| 5–16 | Repeat counts 1–4 three more times |
| Part 2 |
| 1–4 | Run four steps forward, R L R L. Begin leaning forward with arms down on 1, then straighten up and raise arms during 2–4. |
| 5–8 | Take four steps backwards, R L R L, bringing arms back down again. (A variation, more recent than the first version given here, is to clap on count 5 before beginning to bring the arms down, while in an earlier version the arms are brought down on 5.) |
| 9–16 | Repeat counts 1–8 |
| Part 3 |
| 1–3 | Facing left, run three steps forward around the circle, R L R |
| 4 | Face center while hopping on R and touching L foot slightly to the side. (In another variation, a fourth step is added here, onto the L foot, and the rest of this part is done with opposite footwork.) |
| 5–6 | Facing center, hop on R foot while touching L toe in front, hop on R foot while touching L to side, near R foot and slightly to the back. |
| 7–12 | Repeat counts 5–6 three more times, and on 12 transfer some weight onto L foot. |
| 13–20 | Repeat counts 5–12 with opposite footwork and clapping hands each time you touch R in front, finishing with R foot free to start Part 1 again. (In yet another variation, some people turn while doing counts 13–20). |

## The song

The music for Mayim Mayim was composed by Emanuel Pugashov Amiran with lyrics taken from the Book of Isaiah, chapter 12 verse 3, "Joyfully shall you draw water from the fountains of triumph".
    Ushavtem mayim b'sason mimainei hayeshua
    Ushavtem mayim b'sason mimainei hayeshua
    Mayim mayim mayim mayim, hey, mayim b'sason
    Mayim mayim mayim mayim, hey, mayim b'sason
    Hey, hey, hey, hey
    Mayim mayim mayim mayim mayim mayim b'sason
    Mayim mayim mayim mayim mayim mayim b'sason

## Appearances in gaming

* An 8 bit arrangement appears in the Game Boy Camera's Ball minigame.
* A 16 bit arrangement appears in the Super Famicom port of ClockWerx.
* A remixed version appears in Konami's Sexy Parodius.
# Valeri Filatov

Valeri Nikolayevich Filatov (Russian: Валерий Николаевич Филатов; born 18 November 1950) is a Russian football administrator and former player and manager.
He was the president of FC Lokomotiv Moscow from 1992 to 2006, under his leadership and the management of Yuri Semin Lokomotiv won their two Russian Professional Football League titles in 2002 and 2004.

## Honours as a player

* Soviet Top League champion: 1976 (autumn).
* Soviet Top League runner-up: 1980.
# Sütlüce Pier

Sütlüce Pier (Turkish: Sütlüce İskelesi) is a ferry slip on the Golden Horn in Beyoğlu, Istanbul. The Municipal ferry operator, Şehir Hatları, operates hourly ferry service from Eyüp to Üsküdar, stopping at Sütlüce and six other piers on the Golden Horn. This route is known as the Golden Horn Line.
It is unclear when Sütlüce Pier was built, although public ferry service has been operating since the mid 19th century. The pier was rebuilt in 1989.
# Tuyekta

Tuyekta (Russian: Туекта; Altay: Туйакты, Tuyaktı) is a rural locality (a selo) in Tenginskoye Rural Settlement of Ongudaysky District, the Altai Republic, Russia. The population was 329 as of 2016. There are 3 streets.

## Geography

Tuyekta is located on the bank of the Ursul River, 22 km northwest of Onguday (the district's administrative centre) by road. Karakol is the nearest rural locality.
# Levriero Sardo

The Levriero Sardo (Sardinian: Cani de lèpori) is a very rare breed of dog originating in Sardinia. Few specimens exist, but some Sardinian breeders are dedicated to the breed. Locally, the breed is also called vertreddru, which roughly translates to "little hunting dog."
# Daniel McCook Jr.

Daniel McCook Jr. (July 22, 1834 – July 21, 1864), one of the famed Fighting McCooks, was a brigade commander in the Union Army who was mortally wounded in the Battle of Kennesaw Mountain, Georgia, during the American Civil War.

## Early life

McCook was born in Carrollton, Ohio, son of Daniel and Martha Latimer McCook. He graduated from the University of Alabama at Florence in 1858, then returned home to study law in Steubenville, Ohio. He passed his bar exam and moved to Leavenworth, Kansas, where he formed a partnership with William T. Sherman, Hugh Boyle Ewing, and Thomas Ewing Jr. The men closed their law office when the Civil War began, and all four would serve as generals in the Union Army. Married December, 1860 to Julia Tibbs of Platte County, Missouri.

## Civil War

McCook was captain of a local company of militia, which became part of the 1st Kansas Infantry. When the 1st Kansas marched into Missouri and the Battle of Wilson's Creek, McCook was taken ill with pneumonia and missed the battle where the 1st Kansas suffered over 50% casualties and saw the death of Brig. Gen. Nathaniel Lyon. Subsequently, McCook was named as chief of staff of the 1st Division of the Army of the Ohio in the Battle of Shiloh. He became colonel of the 52nd Ohio Infantry on July 15, 1862, and commanded a brigade under his old law partner Sherman in the Army of the Cumberland.
He was selected by Sherman to lead the assault on Kennesaw Mountain on June 27, 1864, and took his brigade directly up to the Confederate works. Just before the attack, he calmly recited to his men the stanza from Thomas Macaulay's poem of "Horatius" beginning "Then how may man die better than facing fearful odds?" He had reached the top of the enemy's works, and was encouraging his men to follow him, when he was mortally wounded by a rifle shot to his right lung. For the courage that he displayed in this assault, he was promoted to the full rank of brigadier general, to date from July 16, 1864. He was appointed a brevet major general effective on the day he died, but the appointment was not confirmed by the Senate.
He is buried in Spring Grove Cemetery in Cincinnati, Ohio.
# Charles Maynard (Dominican politician)

Charles Maynard was a Dominican politician and cabinet minister from Dominica Freedom Party.
Maynard was born on 18 January 1934 in Roseau. He was educated in the University of the West Indies, the University College of Wales at Aberystwyth and the University of Oxford, England. Back in Dominica, he worked as civil servant.
During the summer 1979 political turmoil, Maynard was appointed minister of education in the cabinet of Oliver Seraphin. He resigned from the cabinet in January 1980.
When Dominica Freedom Party (DFP) lead by Eugenia Charles won the elections of 1980, Maynard was asked to join the cabinet as minister of education. In the elections of 1985 Maynard succeeded Anthony Moise as the representative of Soufrière in the House of Assembly as a member of DFP. He was a member of the legislature for fifteen years. Maynard was also appointed Deputy Prime Minister of Dominica up until at least 1991. He was later minister of agriculture and tourism. In 1993 he run in the leadership elections of DFP to succeed Eugenia Charles, but eventually he lost to Brian Alleyne.
Maynard was later appointed by the Dominica Labour Party government as ambassador to CARICOM. He died on 8 May 2012.