OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Prundu Bârgăului

Prundu Bârgăului (Hungarian: Borgóprund) is a commune in Bistrița-Năsăud County, Romania, in the historical region of Transylvania. It is composed of two villages, Prundu Bârgăului and Susenii Bârgăului (Felsőborgó).

## Geography

The commune is located in the central-east part of the county, at the northeastern edge of the Transylvanian Plateau. It lies on the banks of the river Bistrița, a river sometimes referred to as Bistrița ardeleană or Bistricioara. The river Bârgău flows through the commune and discharges there into the Bistrița.
Prundu Bârgăului is situated in the foothills of the Călimani Mountains and of the Bârgău Mountains, whose tallest peak, the Heniu Mare, with a height of 1,611 m (5,285 ft), dominates the area. It borders the following communes: Leșu to the north, Josenii Bârgăului to the west, Livezile to the south, Bistrița Bârgăului to the southeast, and Tiha Bârgăului to the east.
National road DN17 [ro] (part of European route E58) connects Bistrița Bârgăului to the county seat, Bistrița, 22 km (14 mi) to the west, and to Vatra Dornei, 61 km (38 mi) to the east, in Suceava County. The commune has two train stations that serve the CFR Line 406, which runs from Bistrița Bârgăului to Bistrița North [ro] and on to the town of Luduș in Mureș County.

## History

Although the information about the remote past of the Bârgău Valley is scarce and fragmented, the archaeological remains reveal that the valley was inhabited since the end of the Neolithic Age or the beginning of the Bronze Age. After the conquest of Dacia by the Romans and its colonization, the Roman rule extended to the western border of the Bârgău Valley. After the withdrawal of the Roman rule, the region was crossed by different migratory peoples of Slavic (from the 7th century) and Turkic origin, who left names in the local toponymy (e.g., the Slavic origin names of Bistrița, Tiha, Miroslava).
In the 13th and early 14th century, after it entered into and organized Transylvania as a vassal voivodeship, the Hungarian crown sought to also control the mountain valleys of Transylvania. The Bârgău region is attested for the first time with the occasion of these attempts. The first documentary attestation of the Bârgău, appearing under the name Borgo, dates back to 1317, when a committee of officials of the Doboka and Szolnok counties made a division of properties in the Bârgău Mountains between the related nobility families Bethlen and Apaffy.

## Current affairs

The Heniu Prundu Bârgăului is a women's football club based in the commune. Founded in 2013, the club plays in Liga I, the first tier of the Romanian women's football system. The Heniu stadium has a capacity of 500.
Prundu Bârgăului is the headquarters of the 817th Artillery Battalion "Petru Rareș". Founded in 1995, this unit of the Romanian Land Forces is part of the 81st Mechanized Brigade "General Grigore Bălan", which is aligned with the German Army's Rapid Forces Division and is headquartered in Bistrița.

## Natives

* Alexander Gassner (born 1989), German skeleton racer
* Monica Lăzăruț (born 1977), Romanian cross-country skier
# Institutiones

Institutiones may refer to several works:
* Institutes of Gaius, legal textbook, written about 161 AD
* Institutes of Justinian, Latin: Institutiones Justiniani or "Justinian's Institutes", sixth century, largely based upon the Institutes of Gaius
* Institutiones Divinarum et Saecularium Litterarum, an encyclopedic work by Cassiodorus, sixth century
* Institutio canonicorum Aquisgranensis, Institutiones Aquisgranenses, the Instruction of canons of Aachen, disseminated in 816
* Institutiones calculi differentialis, Leonhard Euler, published 1755
# Vahan Chamlian

Vahan Chamlian (Armenian: Վահան Շամլեան, 1926 – August 11, 2022), was an American-Armenian philanthropist and businessman, and the world's largest dealer of secondhand clothes.

## Life and career

Of Armenian descent, Vahan Chamlian emigrated from Lebanon to the United States in 1957, arriving in the United States with just $20 in his pocket. He eventually founded the company Chamlian Enterprises Inc., which became the world's largest dealer in secondhand clothes. The company employs eight hundred workers in its Los Angeles, Fresno and San Lorenzo locations; he has also opened a factory in Germany. By 1996, Chamlian owned three sorting plants which grossed $78.6 million from the recycling and exporting of used clothing. Some of Chamlian's suppliers include Salvation Army and Goodwill. The largest demand for Chamlian's used clothing comes from Third World countries, in particular West African countries. John, the nephew of Vahan Chamlian, who manages the operations in Los Angeles states the attention to detail is what "makes them the best".
Vahan Chamlian married Anoush, who is also a philanthropist.
He and his wife resided in Fresno, California.

## Legacy and philanthropy

In 1975, Vahan Chamlian along with his wife Anoush raised funds to pay for all expenses for the establishment of an Armenian private school in Glendale, California. The name of the school became Vahan & Anoush Chamlian. The school, located on Lowell Avenue, continues to function till this day. Vahan Chamlian is noted to have taken "pride" in its establishment.
He was a major contributor to the Armenia Fund, donating as much as $500,000 at a time.
He was a donator of funds for the publication of Armenian related books.
Chamlian met the former president of Armenia, Levon Ter-Petrosyan and Karekin II, Catholicos of All Armenians.
# David S. Dodge

David Stuart Dodge (November 17, 1922 – January 20, 2009) was an American politician and university president. He was the Vice-President for Administration (1979–83), Acting President (1981–82) and President (1996–97) of the American University of Beirut (AUB).

## Early life

Dodge was born in Beirut on November 17, 1922. Dodge was a member of a prominent American family who were closely involved with Lebanon for well over a century. His father was Bayard Dodge, a former AUB president, his maternal grandfather was Howard Bliss, also a former president, and his great-grandfather was Daniel Bliss, who founded AUB in 1866. His paternal grandfather, Cleveland Hoadley Dodge, was a founder of the Near East Foundation.
Dodge received his high school education at Deerfield Academy and received a B.A. degree from Princeton University in 1945. For his masters, also at Princeton, he studied Arabic and Middle East Studies.

## Career

Dodge served in the OSS during World War II. After the war, he found employment at Aramco in the late 1940s and worked for the Trans-Arabian Pipeline Company; the Tapline (TAPCO) from 1952 to 1977. He returned to the States and served as president of the Near East Foundation from 1977 to 1979.
In 1961, Mr. Dodge had joined the Board of Trustees of AUB. In 1979, he returned to Beirut and joined the faculty of AUB. He served as acting president of AUB from 1981 to 1982, when his service was interrupted violently. Following his ordeal, Mr. Dodge moved to Princeton, New Jersey, where he worked briefly as recording secretary of Princeton University. That same year (1983), he rejoined the board of AUB. He served as president of AUB from 1996 to 1997 from its offices in New York City.
During his career, Dodge also served as president of the Cleveland H. Dodge Foundation.

### Hostage

On July 19, 1982, Dodge was abducted from the AUB campus by pro-Iranian Shiite Muslim extremists, flown to a prison near Tehran, and held until his release exactly one year later. The New York Times would write after Dodge's death, "The kidnapping, and the ensuing diplomatic efforts to secure Mr. Dodge’s release, received worldwide news coverage." The Syrian government helped secure his release from Iran, after being held initially in Lebanon. The kidnapping was considered significant because it directly implicated Iran in the hostage-taking activities of Shiite factions in Lebanon. Dodge was one of the first Americans kidnapped. Some hostages were killed and others released after many years, including Terry A. Anderson. Malcolm H. Kerr, who succeeded Dodge as president of AUB, was shot and killed outside his AUB office in January 1984.

## Personal life

Dodge married Doris Westfall Dodge; they were married until her death in 2000. Together, they had four children.
After the death of his first wife in 2000, he remarried to the former Margaret White in 2002.
Dodge retired to Princeton. He died there of cancer on January 20, 2009. He was survived by his second wife Margaret (née Keating) White.
# Thijmen Goppel

Thijmen Goppel (born 16 February 1997) is a Dutch professional footballer who plays as a winger for 3. Liga club SV Wehen Wiesbaden.

## Career
### Early years

A winger, Goppel began his career in his native Netherlands with SV Alkmania [nl] and Alphense Boys, before entering the youth system at NEC in 2014. After three years, where he was unable to break through to the first team, he was scooped up by ADO Den Haag.

### ADO Den Haag

Goppel made the first professional appearance of his career early in the 2017–18 season, where he was substituted in for the injured Elson Hooi in the 90th minute of a match against VVV-Venlo. He had an immediate impact, as stood for the assist to Bjørn Johnsen's goal, which would secure a 2–0 win for ADO. ADO head coach Alfons Groenendijk brought Goppel with the first team on training camp to the Turkish Belek during the winter break. During this training camp he signed his first professional contract with ADO, keeping him in De Hofstad until summer 2020. Goppel would eventually go on to make 15 appearances in that season, and won the ADO Talent of the Season award for his performances in the 2017–18 season.

#### MVV (loan)

On 2 September 2019, Goppel signed a one-year loan deal with Dutch second division side, MVV Maastricht.

### Roda JC

In June 2020 he moved to Roda JC Kerkrade. He appeared consistently during the season for the club. A year after coming to Kerkrade, Goppel wanted to complete a transfer to German 3. Liga club SV Wehen Wiesbaden, but according to the player, Roda's asking price was too high.

### Wehen Wiesbaden

In July 2021, Goppel nonetheless signed for Wehen Wiesbaden on a two-year contract. He made his debut on 26 July in a 0–0 league draw against SC Freiburg II. On 3 September, Goppel scored his first goal for Wiesbaden in a 4–3 away victory in the 3. Liga against 1. FC Saarbrücken.
# Aleksandr Kozyrev

Aleksandr Sergeevich Kozyrev (Russian: Александр Сергеевич Козырев; born 26 August 1986) is a Russian curler from Sochi. At the 2014 Winter Olympics in Sochi, Russia, Kozyrev was the alternate for the Aleksey Stukalskiy team representing Russia. He is currently the coach of Team Sergey Glukhov.

## Personal life

Kozyrev is currently married. He was born in Moscow.
# R-15 regional road (Montenegro)

R-15 regional road (Montenegrin: Regionalni put R-15) (previously known as R-16 regional road) is a Montenegrin roadway.

## History

In January 2016, the Ministry of Transport and Maritime Affairs published a bylaw on categorisation of state roads. With new categorisation, R-16 regional road was renamed as R-15 regional road.

## Major intersections

| Municipality | Location | km | mi | Destinations | Notes |
| Bar | Virpazar | 0.0 | 0.0 | M-2 – Podgorica, Bar | |
| Bar | Ostros | 34.3 | 21.3 | No major intersection | No major intersection |
| Ulcinj | Vladimir | 51.3 | 31.9 | M-1 – Ulcinj, Bar | |
| 1.000 mi = 1.609 km; 1.000 km = 0.621 mi ||||||
# Jadoo Ka Charagh

Jadoo Ka Charagh (Urdu: جادو کا چراغ; transl. Lamp of Magic) is the second album by Pakistani pop musical group, Awaz. The band became the major act after releasing Jadoo Ka Charagh (2nd studio album). The album was released in 1995 by Lips Records (Private) Limited. The album had many major hits such as Jadoo Ka Charagh, Shawa(Mein Na Manu Haar), Watan Kahani, Aajao etc.

## Track listing

* Aaghaz
* Jadoo Ka Charagh
* Aurat
* Shawa
* Aajao
* Amun
* Dekha
* Mein Bhi Pakistani
* Aankhon Ki Baaatei
* Zinda Dil
* Watan Kahani

## Personnel

All information is taken from the CD.

### Awaz

* Haroon Rashid – lead vocals
* Asad Ahmed – lead guitars
* Faakhir Mehmood – vocals, keyboards, piano
# Kavkazsky, Karachay-Cherkess Republic

Kavkazsky (Russian: Кавказский, Karachay-Balkar: Кавказский) is a rural locality (a settlement) and the administrative center of Prikubansky District of the Karachay-Cherkess Republic, Russia. Population: 3,022 (2010 Census); 3,039 (2002 Census); 3,771 (1989 Soviet census).
# Amalou Ighriben

Amalou Ighriben (Arabic: املو إغربن) is a town and eastern suburb of Khenifra in Khénifra Province, Béni Mellal-Khénifra, Morocco. According to the 2004 census it has a population of 28,933.
# Alan Smith (footballer, born 1939)

Alan Smith (8 June 1939 – 27 August 2016) was an English professional footballer who spent his entire professional career with Torquay United, making 278 appearances in the English Football League.
# Edgar Pérez Greco

Édgar Fernando Pérez Greco (born 16 February 1982) is a Venezuelan football manager and former player who played as a striker. He is the current manager of Deportivo Táchira.

## International goals

    Scores and results list Venezuela's goal tally first.
| # | Date | Venue | Opponent | Score | Result | Competition |
| 1. | 25 January 2012 | Reliant Stadium, Houston, United States | Mexico | 1–0 | 1–3 | Friendly |
# Robert Nuttall

Robert Nuttall (1 May 1908 – 10 January 1983) was an English footballer who played as a winger or as a centre forward during his career. Born in Tottington, Lancashire, he began his playing career with his hometown club before joining Football League Third Division North side Nelson in February 1931. One of Nelson's final signings as a League club, Nuttall made his debut at left-half in the 2–5 defeat to York City on 21 March 1931. He played as a centre forward in the team's following match, a 0–3 defeat away at Rotherham United. After two games out of the side, he returned for the 1–3 defeat against Wigan Borough. Nuttall made his final Football League appearance on the penultimate match of the 1930–31 season, the 1–5 loss to Wrexham on 25 April 1931. At the end of the campaign, Nelson failed their re-election to the League and subsequently joined the Lancashire Combination.
Nuttall was one of the few players who remained at Seedhill following the descent into non-league football, staying with Nelson until November 1933. He subsequently joined Turton and spent two years with the club before returning to his place of birth to sign for amateur side Tottington St. John's in October 1935.
# Brno-Jehnice

Brno-Jehnice is a city district of Brno in the Czech Republic. It is made up of the municipal part and cadastral territory of Jehnice, originally an independent municipality that became a part of Brno in 1971. Its cadastral territory has an area of 4.07 km² and about 1,100 inhabitants.
The first possible mention of Jehnice dates from 1292, in the following centuries the village belonged mainly to the Lichtenburgs and mainly to the Boskovices. Their property was acquired by the Liechtenstein family at the beginning of the 17th century. A part of the village has been a free manor since the Middle Ages, which was also purchased by the Lichtensteins at the end of the 18th century. In 1801, a small independent estate was created from Jehnice and Mokrá Hora, gradually with different owners. From the middle of the 19th century, Jehnice was an independent municipality, and in 1971 it became part of Brno. At the turn of the 20th and 21st centuries, a more extensive suburban development arose here.
Due to its forest character, the Jehnice area is used as a tourist and recreational facility for the residents of Brno. On the road to Vranov there is a listed church of God's torment, right in the village there is a bell tower and several other sights.
# Bloody Letter

The Bloody Letter (Bulgarian: Кърваво писмо) is a letter written by Bulgarian revolutionary Todor Kableshkov which is symbolically accepted to be the start of the anti-Ottoman April Uprising of 1876.
Kableshkov writes this letter upon proclaiming the revolt in his home city of Koprivshtitsa and addresses it to the revolutionary committee of Panagyurishte and specifically to Georgi Benkovski. The letter's name comes from the fact that it is signed with the blood of a local Ottoman governor (müdür), shortly after he was killed by revolutionary Georgi Tihanek. It was transported by 19-year-old Georgi Salchev for a record time of 2 hours, having his horse passing out just before reaching Panagyurishte because of the strain.
According to Memoirs of the Bulgarian Uprisings by Zahari Stoyanov, the letter's contents were:
   Brothers!
   Yesterday Neceb Aga arrived in our village from Plovdiv, and asked to imprison some people, including me. When I heard about your decision, made at the Council of Oborishte, I called up some brave men and after we got armed, we headed towards the konak and attacked it, killing the müdür and some policemen... Now, as I am writing this letter, the flag is waving before the konak, rifles shoot and the church bells echo simultaneously with them, men are kissing one another on the streets... If you, brothers, happen to be true patriots and apostles of Freedom, then do follow our example in Panagyurishte...
   Koprivshtitsa, 20th April (old style) 1876 T. Kableshkov
   I was witness as all events mentioned above in Todor's letter happened. Leaving for Klisura, to do the same.
   N. Karadzhov
# Evans (kidnapper)

Chukwudumeme Onwuamadike, popularly known as Evans, is a convicted Nigerian kidnapper. Onwuamadike is a native of Nnewi, Anambra State. He is sometimes referred to as "The Billionaire Kidnapper" because the Nigeria Police Force (NPF) believe he is one of the richest criminals in the kidnapping activities in Nigeria. In some of his operations, he made amounts of up to 1 million dollars. The Inspector General of Police Special Intelligence Response Team (IRT) of the Nigeria police force also described him as a very smart, crafty, and intelligent kidnapper having evaded arrest for four years even though he was on a most wanted list in three states (Lagos State, Edo State, and Anambra State).
Onwuamadike was arrested in Lagos during the weekend of 10–11 June 2017.

## Trial

Onwuamadike is undergoing trial on 52 charges of multiple murders, armed robberies, kidnappings, unlawful possession of firearms, unlawful possession of ammunition, conspiracy, among other charges. Specifically, he is being charged of unlawful capture of Uche Okereafor in Festac area of Lagos State on 21 November 2017 and demand a ransom of $2million. According to the Director of Public Prosecutions, Ms. Titilayo Shitta-Bey, Onuamadike contravened sections 409 and 269 of the Criminal Laws of Lagos State 2011. As of March 2021, his trial was still pending.

## Conviction

On Friday, February 25, 2022, the Lagos state high court found Evans and two others guilty of kidnapping and conspiracy. In the ruling, the trial judge claimed "He showed no remorse in the dock and tried to lie his way out of the crimes despite the video evidence". Evans was thereafter sentenced to life imprisonment.
# Kiryat Shlomo

Kiryat Shlomo (Hebrew: קריית שלמה, lit. Place of Shlomo) is a psychiatric and geriatric hospital in Israel, that has the status of an institutional settlement. It falls within the jurisdiction of Hof HaSharon Regional Council and had a population of 374 in 2022.

## History

The community was established in 1945.
# Aduarderzijl

Aduarderzijl (Dutch:; Gronings: Auwerderziel) is a hamlet in the municipality of Westerkwartier in the province of Groningen in the Netherlands, located to the south of the Reitdiep [nl]. Administratively, it is part of the village of Feerwerd.
The hamlet is located east of the hamlet of Allersma [nl], northeast of the village of Ezinge, north of the village of Feerwerd, and northwest of the wierde of Antum [nl] and the village of Garnwerd. The hamlet is home to the lock complex of the same name, the Aduarderzijlen. This complex near the Reitdiep consists of restored locks from 1706 and 1867.

## Gallery

* 't Waarhuis
* Aduarderzijl seen from the Kokersluis with 't Waarhuis behind it on the right
* Former worker's house
* Rate list
# Stelios Chasiotis

Stelios Chasiotis (Greek: Στέλιος Χασιώτης; born 11 May 1972) is a retired Greek football defender.
# Vladislav Baitcaev

Vladislav Borisovich Baitcaev (Russian: Владислав Борисович Байцаев; born August 8, 1990) is a Russian freestyle wrestler. European champion 2018, twice Ivan Yarygin winner, he was runner-up at the 2011 European Championships and third at the 2013 European Championships, both times in the 96 kg classification. Also, he is a bronze medalist of 2016 Russian Nationals Championships at 97 kg and runner-up at the 2017 Russian National Freestyle Wrestling Championships.
Baitcaev won his first European Championships in Kaspiysk in the 97 kg category.
He competed at the 2024 European Wrestling Olympic Qualification Tournament in Baku, Azerbaijan hoping to qualify for the 2024 Summer Olympics in Paris, France. He was eliminated in his first match and he did not qualify for the Olympics.

## Biography

Vladislav Baitcaev was born in the village of Digora, North Ossetia-Alania, Soviet Union. He started to train in freestyle wrestling at the age of nine, but after one month he decided to stop training. Three years later he returned to wrestling. His first coach was Alan Dzagkoev. In 2005, he moved to Vladikavkaz where he was coached by Cesar Tibilov. Baitcaev represents the CSKA wrestling club in Moscow.

## Championships and achievements

* 2013, 2016 2020 Ivan Yarygin GP – 1st (96 kg, 97 kg)
* 2011 Ivan Yarygin GP – 2nd (96 kg)
* 2018 Ivan Yarygin GP – 3rd (97 kg)
* 2014 World Cup – 2nd (97 kg)
* 2019 World Cup – 1st (97 kg)
* 2011, 2022 European Championships – 2nd (96 kg, 97 kg)
* 2013, 2023, 2024 European Championships – 3rd (96 kg, 97 kg)
* 2018 European Championships – 1st (97 kg)
* 2018 Military World Championships – 1st (97 kg)
* 2022 World Championships – 5th (97 kg)
# 12th Indiana Infantry Regiment (1 year)

The 12th Indiana Infantry Regiment was an infantry regiment in the Union Army between May 11, 1861, and May 14, 1862, during the American Civil War.

## Service

The 12th Indiana Infantry was organized at Indianapolis, Indiana May 11, 1861, and mustered in for one year's service; it was transferred to U.S. service on July 18, 1861. The regiment was attached to Abercrombie's Brigade, Banks' Department of the Shenandoah, to October 1861. Abercrombie's Brigade, Bank's Division, Army of the Potomac, to March 1862. 2nd Brigade, Williams' 1st Division, Banks' V Corps, to April 1862, and Department of the Shenandoah to May 1862.

## Detailed service

Moved to Evansville, Indiana, June 11. Left Indiana for Baltimore, Maryland, July 23; then moved to Sandy Hook, Maryland, July 28. Duty at Harpers Ferry, Virginia, Williamsport, and Sharpsburg, Maryland, until March 1862. Advance on Winchester, Virginia, March 1–12. Skirmished at Stephenson's Station, near Winchester, March 11. Operations in the Shenandoah Valley until April. Duty at Warrenton Junction, Virginia, April 3-May 5. Reconnaissance to Rappahannock River and skirmish at Rappahannock Crossing April 18. March to Washington, D.C., May 5.

## Casualties

The regiment lost a total of 24 enlisted men, all due to disease.
# Robert Roxburgh

Robert Roxburgh (5 February 1896 – 1974) was an English footballer who played in the Football League for Blackburn Rovers and Newcastle United.
# Hussein Dey (commune)

Hussein Dey is a suburb of the city of Algiers in northern Algeria, named after Hussein Dey, the last of the Ottoman provincial rulers of Algiers.

## Notable people

* Mohamed Arkab (born 1966)