OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Oxygen permeability

Oxygen permeability (OP) is a parameter of a contact lens that expresses the ability of the lens to let oxygen reach the eye by diffusion. In soft contact lenses, it is dependent on the thickness of the lens and the material of the lens, especially concerning the water content. Because of this dependence on thickness, transmissibility level (abbreviated Dk/t), the Dk per thickness of the lens, is more commonly used.
The earliest models of soft contact lenses, based on hydrogel material, had a level of oxygen permeability of around 6–8 Dk/t. Polymacon, the material used in the first hydrogel contact lenses in some countries in the 1960s and approved by the FDA in the U.S. in 1971, has a Dk of 9 .
These days, typical values of oxygen permeability for hydrogel contact lenses range from 25 to 50. For example, Nelfilcon A has a Dk value of 26, and the Omafilcon A has a Dk of 25.
While those numbers are typical of hydrogel contact lenses, many contact lenses are made of silicone hydrogel, which has a much higher oxygen permeability. For example, the Dk value of Lotrafilcon B and Comfilcon A, two silicone hydrogels, is 110 and 128, respectively. These values are more than twice the values of oxygen permeability for hydrogel materials.
D being diffusivity (cm$^2$/sec) – a measure of how fast the oxygen moves through the material. Note, different sources may use different units: contact package inserts often use cm$^2$/sec, while academic papers may use other values for distance such as mm$^2$/sec.
k being the solubility (ml O$_2$/ml of material × mm Hg) – a measure of how much oxygen is contained in the material. Once again, various sources may use units of different sizes. Do not assume that they're the same unless specified by the source.
# Chandigarh–Amritsar Intercity Express

The 12411 / 12412 Chandigarh–Amritsar Intercity Superfast Express is a Daily Intercity Superfast Express of Indian railways. It n

## Coaches

The 12411 / 12 Chandigarh–Amritsar Intercity Express has 1 AC Chair Car, 8 Second Class seating, 2 General Unreserved and 2 SLR (Seating cum Luggage Rake) coaches. It does not carry a pantry car. Recently it added AC and Non AC sleeper coaches as well.
As is customary with most train services in India, coach composition may be amended at the discretion of Indian Railways depending on demand.

## Service

The 12411 Chandigarh–Amritsar Intercity Express covers the distance of 248 kilometres in 4 hours 30 mins (55.11 km/h) and in 4 hours 25 mins as 12412 Amritsar–Chandigarh Intercity Express (56.15 km/h).
As the average speed of the train is above 55 km/h (34 mph), as per Indian Railways rules, its fare includes a Superfast surcharge.

## Routeing

The 12411 / 12 Chandigarh–Amritsar Intercity Express runs from Chandigarh via Ludhiana Junction, Jalandhar City, Beas to Amritsar Junction.

## Traction

As the entire route is fully electrified, a Ghaziabad-based WAP-5 / WAP-7 powers the train for its entire journey.

## Timings

* 12411 Chandigarh–Amritsar Intercity Express leaves Chandigarh on a daily basis at 06:55 hrs IST and reaches Amritsar Junction at 11:25 hrs IST the same day.
* 12412 Amritsar–Chandigarh Intercity Express leaves Amritsar Junction on a daily basis at 17:30 hrs IST and reaches Chandigarh at 21:55 hrs IST the same day.
# The Girl and the Spider

The Girl and the Spider (German: Das Mädchen und die Spinne) is a Swiss drama film, directed by Ramon Zürcher and Silvan Zürcher and released in 2021. The film centres on Mara (Henriette Confurius) and Lisa (Liliane Amuat), two women who have been living together, and portrays the emotional complications as Lisa moves out to a new apartment.
The film premiered in the Encounters program at the 2021 Berlin Film Festival, where the Zürchers won the award for Best Director in the program alongside Denis Côté for Social Hygiene (Hygiène sociale). It had its North American premiere at the 2021 Toronto International Film Festival.

## Cast

* Henriette Confurius as Mara
* Liliane Amuat [de] as Lisa
* Ursina Lardi as Astrid
* Flurin Giger as Jan
* André Hennicke as Jurek
* Ivan Georgiev as Markus
* Dagna Litzenberger-Vinet [de] as Kerstin
* Lea Draeger [de] as Nora
* Sabine Timoteo as Karen
* Birte Schnöink [de] as

## Reception

On Rotten Tomatoes the film has a 93% rating based on 29 reviews, with an average rating of 7.4/10. The critics consensus reads: "Beneath its deceptively placid surface, The Girl and the Spider grapples with deeply meaningful questions of personal identity in the face of fundamental change." On Metacritic, the film holds a weighted average score of 83 out of 100, based on 11 critics, indicating "universal acclaim".
# John Thompson (footballer, born 1932)

John Henry Thompson (4 July 1932 – 29 December 2006) was an English footballer who made 50 appearances in the Football League playing as a goalkeeper for Newcastle United and Lincoln City.
Thompson was born in Newcastle upon Tyne and began his football career as an apprentice with his local Football League club, Newcastle United. He played eight matches in the First Division, and played in the 1955 FA Charity Shield, in which Newcastle lost 3–0 to Chelsea. He was third choice, behind Jack Fairbrother and Ronnie Simpson, and left for Second Division club Lincoln City in 1957 for a fee of £2,500. He played regularly during his first season with Lincoln, but lost his place to Bill Heath and others, and then moved into non-league football with Horden Colliery Welfare. He died in 2006 at the age of 74.
# Merhavia (moshav)

Merhavia (Hebrew: מֶרְחַבְיָה, lit. "Space of God") is a moshav in northern Israel. It falls under the jurisdiction of Jezreel Valley Regional Council and in 2022 had a population of 671. Founded in 1911, it was the first modern Jewish settlement in the Jezreel Valley.

## Etymology

The name Merhavia is derived from the Book of Psalms 118:5.
   Out of my straits I called upon the LORD; He answered me with great enlargement.
In the metaphorical sense: "God set me free" - the experience of the Jews immigrating to the Land of Israel and achieving a new homeland without the straits of persecution.

## History
### Co-operative

The village was established as the Co-operative in Merhavia, a co-operative farm, at the beginning of 1911, based on the ideas of Franz Oppenheimer. The founders had arrived in the area in 1910 and consisted of members of Kvutzat Kibush and workers of the Second Aliyah. It was supposed to operate as a co-operative farm with differential wages, and was founded with the assistance of Arthur Ruppin, Yehoshua Hankin, the Anglo-Palestine Bank and Eliyahu Blumenfeld. Alexander Baerwald designed and built the first solid buildings and the road net with a central square in 1915.

### Moshav

In 1922 it was converted to a moshav ovdim after being joined by Polish-Jewish immigrants and residents of Tel Aviv who wanted to work in agriculture. According to a census conducted in the same year by the British Mandate authorities, the settlement had a population of 135 Jews.
In 1929 a kibbutz, also by the name of Merhavia, was established next to the moshav.

### Gallery

* Merhavia founders 1910
* Merhavia first building 1911
* Merhavia members of Hashomer 1915
* Merhavia residents 1920
* Merhavia 1921
* Merhavia 1929
* Merhavia 1941
* Moshav Merhavia 1947

## Notable residents

* Henry Einspruch (1892–1977), a Galician-born Jew who converted to Lutheranism, becoming a Messianic missionary affiliated with the Hebrew Christian movement, best known for translating the Christian New Testament into Yiddish.
# Vostok, Astrakhan Oblast

Vostok (Russian: Восток) is a rural locality (a selo) and the administrative center of Vostochinsky Selsoviet of Yenotayevsky District, Astrakhan Oblast, Russia. The population was 1,276 as of 2010. There are 11 streets.

## Geography

Vostok is located 21 km southeast of Yenotayevka (the district's administrative centre) by road. Kosika is the nearest rural locality.
# Filkeháza

Filkeháza (Rusyn: Φилкехаза) is a village in Borsod-Abaúj-Zemplén County in northeastern Hungary. As of 2008, the village had a population of 99.
# Brazil cost

Brazil cost (Portuguese: Custo Brasil) refers to the increased operational costs associated with doing business in Brazil, making Brazilian goods and services more expensive compared to other countries. There are several factors that contribute to the extra cost, including:
* High levels of public deficits;
* The economy divided into cartels;
* Inefficiency of public services;
* Maintenance of high real interest rates;
* Exaggerated net interest spread of financial institutions (among the highest in the world);
* Excessive bureaucracy for importing and exporting, creating difficulties for foreign trade;
* Low education levels and lack of qualified labour;
* Excessive layers of bureaucracy (red tape), e.g., starting a company in Brazil takes at least 120 days;
* High levels of corruption within the public sector;
* High tax burden;
* Expensive labour costs;
* High social security costs;
* Complex and inefficient fiscal legislation;
* Economic instability;
* High electricity cost;
* Legal uncertainty;
* High interest rates;
* High crime rate, which adds extra security costs;
* Underdeveloped infrastructure, including a deteriorated network for domestic shipping by rail, highway and coastal navigation*.
In 2007 transport costs consumed 13% of GDP, 5% more than in the United States. The high transport costs are exacerbated by the scattering of industry over Brazil's vast territory.
# Shimon Sofer (Hungarian rabbi)

Shimon Sofer (1850 – 2 June 1944) was the rabbi of the Hungarian city of Eger (Erlau) and the progenitor of the Erlauer Hasidic dynasty. His grandson Yochanan Sofer was the Erlauer rebbe in Israel.

## Early life and family

Sofer was one of 10 children of Samuel Benjamin Sofer (1815 – 1872), a rabbi known as the Ksav Sofer, who was the son of Moses Sofer (1762 – 1839), known as the Chasam Sofer, the rabbi of Pressburg (present-day Bratislava).
Sofer lived the early part of his life in Kisvárda (Kleinwardein) in Hungary.
In 1870 he married Esther Fried. The couple had a daughter. Esther died after two years of marriage. In 1874 Sofer married his cousin, Glikle Birnbaum. The couple had a son, Akiva, but divorced soon after his birth.
During this period, Sofer lived both in Uman and Kiev.
He then lived in the Polish city of Kraków, where his uncle, also a rabbi named Shimon Sofer (author of Michtav Sofer).
In approximately 1875 Sofer returned to Pressburg and married another cousin, Malka Esther Spitzer, with whom he had 13 children.
In 1881, Sofer became rabbi of the Hungarian city of Eger (Erlau) where he founded a large yeshiva. He also fought Neolog Judaism, a Hungarian reform movement.
Later one of his sons, Moses Sofer (author of Yad Sofer) became rabbi and dayan (rabbinical judge) of Erlau.

## Death and legacy

Sofer led the Jewish community in Erlau for some 64 years. Shortly after the Germans occupied Hungary in May 1944, they placed the Jewish population in ghettos. In June, the Germans deported Sofer and his entire community – some 3,000 Jews – to Auschwitz. They arrived on 21 Sivan (June 2), and were gassed a few hours later. Sofer was 94 at the time of his death. His son, Rabbi Moshe Sofer, was murdered at the same time.
Sofer authored a book of responsa, Hisorerus Teshuva (hence he is known as "The Hisorerus Teshuva"), and Shir Maon on the Torah. He also edited the works of his father and grandfather and prepared them for publication.
Sofer's grandson, Yochanan Sofer, re-founded the Erlau community in Israel in 1953. Yochanan printed his grandfather's sefarim at the Institute for Research of the Teachings of the Chasam Sofer (Hebrew: מכון חת"ם סופר), which he established and also presided over the Ohel Shimon-Erlau Yeshiva, named in memory of Shimon Sofer.

## Children

Sofer had 15 children from his three wives, including Moshe Sofer.
# Left Handed Johnny West

Left Handed Johnny West (Italian: Johnny West il mancino, also known just as Johnny West) is a 1965 Italian Spaghetti Western film directed by Gianfranco Parolini.

## Plot

Johnny West is a half-breed and a dreaded shooter. In the village where he comes, two brothers spread fear and terror with a group of unscrupulous men. So they have a goldmine owner in their power and try to become heir of his assets. Even with Johnny West they are doing a bad game, so that he is put in jail instead of them for bank robbery. However, he can break out and decimate the bandits with the help of two dealers. Then he captures the two brothers, shoots them and returns the stolen money to the owners. He then rides on new adventures.

## Cast

* Mimmo Palmara as Jonny West (as Dick Palmer)
* Adriano Micantoni as Jefferson (as Mike Anthony)
* Roger Delaporte as Don Trent
* André Bollet as Brad McCoy
* Mara Cruz as Anne Rose
* Dada Gallotti as Ginger (as Diana Garsón)
* Barta Barri
* Roberto Camardiel as Dusty
* Bob Felton as Jimmy
# Bella with White Collar

Bella with White Collar (French: Bella au col blanc) is a painting done by Belarusian-French artist Marc Chagall in 1917. It is a portrait of Bella Rosenfeld Chagall, Chagall's wife at the time. The two tiny figures at the bottom are thought to represent the artist and the couple's daughter, Ida. The painting is currently kept at the Musée National d'Art Moderne, in Paris.
# Thomas Lounsbury

Thomas Raynesford Lounsbury (January 1, 1838 – April 9, 1915) was an American literary historian and critic. He was born in Ovid, New York on January 1, 1838. He graduated from Yale College in 1859 with a B.A. and received a M.A. from Yale University in 1887. He later received honorary degrees from Yale University (LL.D. in 1892), Harvard University (LL.D. in 1893), Lafayette College, Princeton University, and Aberdeen College. He enlisted in the 126th New York Volunteers in 1862 and served in the Civil War as a first lieutenant.
From 1871 until his retirement in 1906 he was professor of English language and literature in Yale. For 33 years he was also librarian at Sheffield Scientific School, Yale. He was elected a member of the American Academy of Arts and Letters (1898) and the American Academy of Arts and Sciences (1896).
His work is marked by sound scholarship and literary acumen. It is as a student of Chaucer, of Shakespeare, and of the English language from the point of view of its development that he especially distinguished himself. His editorial work includes: Chaucer's Parliament of Foules (1877); the Complete Works of Charles Dudley Warner (1904); and the Yale Book of American Verse (1912). Professor Lounsbury wrote other important publications which include:
* A History of the English Language (1879, 1894)
* Life of James Fenimore Cooper (1882)
* Studies in Chaucer (three volumes, 1891)
* Shakespeare as a Dramatic Artist (1901)
* Shakespeare and Voltaire (1902)
* The Standard of Pronunciation in English (1904)
* The Text of Shakespeare (1906)
* The Standard of Usage in English (1908)
* English Spelling and Spelling Reform (1909)
* Shakespeare as a Dramatic Artist (1912)
Lounsbury was also the subject of some needling by Mark Twain, in his famous critique of James Fenimore Cooper ("Fenimore Cooper's Literary Offenses", written 1895). Lounsbury had written favorably of Cooper, which Twain took to mean that Lounsbury simply hadn't actually read Cooper.
# St. George Coptic Orthodox Church (Philadelphia)

St George Coptic Orthodox Church (Coptic: Ϯⲉⲕ'ⲕⲗⲏⲥⲓⲁ ⳿ⲛⲣⲉⲙ⳿ⲛⲭⲏⲙⲓ ⳿ⲛⲟⲣⲑⲟⲇⲟⲝⲟⲥ ⳿ⲛⲧⲉ ⲫⲏⲉⲑⲟⲩⲁⲃ Ⲅⲉ⳿ⲱⲣⲅⲓⲟⲥ // transliteration: ti.eklyseya en.remenkimi en.orthodoxos ente fi.ethowab Gewargios) is one of the oldest Coptic Orthodox churches established in North America. It is one of over 200 Coptic Orthodox Churches in the US. The church belongs to Coptic Diocese of Pennsylvania, Maryland, Delaware & West Virginia.

## History

St. George Coptic Orthodox Church was the first Coptic Orthodox church established in Pennsylvania, in 1969. It was incorporated in May 1973 with 30 families at the time. Several Coptic Orthodox priests served the congregation in churches of other denominations until 1980, when a building in Conshohocken was purchased. Pope Shenouda III assigned Father Samuel Thabet Samuel to head that church in September 1983, and Father Samuel and his wife and two children left Egypt and moved to Roxborough.
The congregation later bought the current building in Norristown, Pennsylvania. The Greek Revival church was originally built in 1863 for a congregation of the Trinity Evangelical Lutheran Church. The interior was modified so that the building could be used for Coptic Orthodox Liturgies; the exterior, however, retained its architectural style. The building was consecrated in October 1994, by Pope Shenouda III.
The parish had more than one priest in its history. Fr. Angelos Habib Boghdadi served the parish in its early years, as well as several other Coptic churches throughout the States, including St. Mary Coptic Orthodox Church in Ambridge, Pennsylvania. Fr. Boghdadi is currently the priest of St. George Church in Tampa, Florida.

### Formative years

During the church's formative years in the 1980s, Fr. Samuel Thabet Samuel was the parish priest. He served until 1990 when summoned by Pope Shenouda III to serve St. Mark Coptic Orthodox Church of Chicago, Illinois , becoming the senior priest. In 1991 Pope Shenouda sent Fr. Roufail Z. Youssef as parish priest. Over 300 Coptic families are served by St. George's Church.
# Vaneča

Vaneča (pronounced; Hungarian: Vaslak) is a settlement north of Puconci in the Prekmurje region of Slovenia.
There is a small neoromanesque chapel in the settlement. It was built in the early 20th century and has a three-story belfry with arched windows on all sides.

## Notable people

Notable people that were born or lived in Vaneča include:
* Mihály Szever Vanecsai (ca. 1699–1750), writer
# Pity Me

Pity Me is a suburban village of Durham, England, located north of Framwellgate Moor and west of Newton Hall.

## Etymology

There are various theories on the origin of Pity Me's unusual name. Most likely, as speculated in the Oxford Dictionary of British Place Names, it is simply "a whimsical name bestowed in the 19th century on a place considered desolate, exposed or difficult to cultivate". Alternatively it may be a shortened form of an earlier place name referring to a shallow lake or mere, such as Petit Mere (i.e. from Norman French), Petty Mere or Peaty Mere. Related theories suggest that it comes from Pithead Mere, referring to an extended area of boggy waste ground onto which the outwash from minehead pumping engines was discharged, or that petite mer (French: small sea) is an ironic name for the settlement given the arid nature of the land.
However, the existence of several examples of other, lesser settlements, that share this name in Northumberland - particularly one north of Barrasford, near Hexham, and another outside Hartburn, west of Morpeth - suggests that it may be derived from some actual feature of the landscape, or former land-use, that has since been forgotten (one exotic suggestion for the North Tynedale example being the Ancient British term "Beddan Maes", meaning "burial ground" - although this suggestion has never been offered to explain the name of the Durham settlement. This form looks suspiciously like modern Welsh rather than any Brythonic name. As a Welsh name it makes no sense, although 'bedd' is 'grave', and 'maes' is 'open field').
More obvious folk etymologies include the story that the coffin of St Cuthbert was dropped near Pity Me on the way to Durham, at which point the saint implored the monks carrying him to take pity on him and be more careful; or that coming to the location during a flight from a Viking raid, a group of monks sang the 51st Psalm, the Latin version of which includes the words "Miserere mei, Deus", which may be rendered in English as "Pity me, O God".

## Transport

Pity Me is bypassed by the A167 which connects to Darlington and Newcastle via Chester-le-Street along the former route of the A1 through the region.
The Arnison Centre, an out of town retail park, is located on the edge of the village. It is served by several frequent bus routes operated by Go North East; destinations include Newcastle, Sunderland, Durham and Sherburn Village.
# Municipal Library of Porto

The Municipal Library of Porto (Portuguese: Biblioteca Pública Municipal do Porto) is a library located in the civil parish of Bonfim, municipality of Porto in the Portuguese district of the same name.

## History

The Real Biblioteca do Porto (Royal Library of Porto) was established on 9 July 1833, by decree of the King D. Pedro and endorsed by Cândido José Xavier (Minister/Secretary of State for Affairs of the Kingdom).
The library was initially installed in 1841 in the Hospício de Santo António do Vale da Piedade, in the Praça do Cordoaria and later the Episcopal Palace of Porto. In 1842 it finally moved to the Convent of Santo António da Cidade hospice, next to the Garden of São Lázaro, along Rua D. João IV.
The first librarian was appointed by the Minister Inspector, with the first books being collected from the former libraries of the convents and religious institutions of the Diocese. The first books in the library were 16 manuscript volumes which had been heavily used for the time. They were supplemented by collections from various wealthy private book collectors. According to Alexandre Herculano, the library initially consisted of 36,000 volumes and 300 manuscript codices.
By 1842, the library consisted of 24,256 works (47,322 volumes) and some 4200 volumes from the former convents in Vila do Conde and others. At that time, the first printed catalogs from the library began appearing at the time. In 1877, the collection of rare manuscripts was enriched by the legacy of the Count of Azevedo.
This institution was transformed into a municipal library by decree on 27 January 1876, promulgated by King D. Luís I (signed by António Rodrigues Sampaio and former-municipal president Francisco Pinto Bessa).
Between 1929 and 1932, Hispano-Moorish azulejos from the Convent of Santa Clara, in Vila do Conde were moved to the public library.
# Kinelle

Kinelle (Russian: Кинелле) is a rural locality (a settlement) in Kilinchinsky Selsoviet, Privolzhsky District, Astrakhan Oblast, Russia. The population was 96 as of 2010. There are 2 streets.

## Geography

Kinelle is located 25 km south of Nachalovo (the district's administrative centre) by road. Yevpraksino is the nearest rural locality.