OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Brachycephalus nodoterga

Brachycephalus nodoterga, also known as the Serra Cantareira saddleback toad, is a species of frog in the family Brachycephalidae. It is endemic to the eastern São Paulo state (both the mainland and Ilha de São Sebastião) of southeastern Brazil, and only known from five locations in Atlantic rainforest at altitudes of 700–900 m (2,300–3,000 ft).

## Description

Adult males measure about 12 mm (0.5 in) and adult females about 13 mm (0.5 in) in snout–vent length; the largest females can reach 14.5 mm (0.6 in) SVL. This tiny toad has bumpy skin and an overall yellow-orange colour, with its upperparts generally tending towards a duller and darker brownish-green hue. Unlike the more conspicuously coloured B. ephippium and B. pernix, studies of B. nodoterga have not detected toxins in its skin or organs.

## Habitat and conservation

Little is known about its behavior, but like other saddleback toads it lives among leaf litter. Its conservation status was last reviewed by the IUCN in 2004 where regarded as data deficient (insufficient information for rating it), but an independent review in 2019 that used IUCN's criteria recommended that B. nodoterga should be recognised as vulnerable.
# Dilys Grace Edmunds

Dilys Grace Edmunds (1879–1926), an early twentieth century teacher in India from a Welsh Calvinistic Methodist background, whose fund-raising work supported school building programmes in the Karimanj District of India.
Dilys Edmunds was born in London in 1879. Her father was Mr Llewelyn Edmunds, the precentor at Bethel Chapel, Wilton Square, in Islington, London (a chapel built by Welsh Calvinistic Methodists in 1853, rebuilt 1884). Such Welsh Methodists had their origins in the religious revival of the eighteenth century, and had been influenced by George Whitfield and his patron, Selina, Countess of Huntingdon.
After attending a school in London, Dilys Edmunds studied at the University College of Wales in Aberystwyth where she gained a bachelor of arts degree, followed by completion of a teachers' training course. Her teaching career began in London, but in 1914 as war broke out in Europe, she sailed to India, funded by a Welsh missionary society, to teach at a secondary school in Silchar. Two years later she was offered a post in charge of the Girls' School at Karimganj. Whilst there she wrote numerous articles about the customs and culture of local people for the Welsh monthly periodical Y Cenhadwr
Returning to Britain after the end of World War One, arriving towards the end of 1920 and staying for about a year, she raised funds in London and Wales for a building programme to provide residential hostels for Indian teachers, accommodation for school children in the Karimanj District, and to establish a 'School of Weaving' for the Girls' School at Karimganj.
Coming back to London again in 1925, this time to care for her mother who was unwell, she herself took ill and died suddenly in a London hospital on 17 April 1926.
Dilys Edmunds was buried at Abney Park Cemetery in Stoke Newington, London.
# Norillag

Norillag, Norilsk Corrective Labor Camp (Russian: Норильлаг, Норильский ИТЛ) was a gulag labor camp set by Norilsk, Krasnoyarsk Krai, Russia and headquartered there. It existed from June 25, 1935 to August 22, 1956.

## History

Initially, the Norillag labor force was responsible for the construction of the Norilsk mining-metallurgic complex and for mining copper and nickel. Its activities gradually expanded into virtually all economical functions of the region, from fishing to "reconstruction of the house where lived Comrade I.V. Stalin in exile".
Starting from 1,200 inmates in 1935, its numbers jumped to 9,000 in 1937 (the onset of the Great Purge) and peaked in 1951 at 72,500, housed in 30 camp sections. Memorial estimates the total number of its inmates over the history of the camp at 400,000, with about 300,000 being political prisoners. The geography of this camp system included the Norilsk area, including Dudinka and Kayerkan, as well as more remote places, including Krasnoyarsk and some agricultural camps in Kureika (village), Atamanovo and Shushenskoye.
Initially the construction activities were handled by the Norilstroy (Норильстрой), while Norillag supplied the workforce and some infrastructure.
In 1953, shortly after the death of Joseph Stalin, the Gorlag camp of Norillag system was the place of the major Gulag revolt, known as the Norilsk uprising.
It was closed in 1957, together with most of the Gulag system.

## Notable inmates

* Aleksei Balandin
* Dmitri Bystrolyotov
* Herbert Brede (1888–1942), Estonian military commander
* Walter Ciszek (1904–1984), Polish-American Jesuit priest
* Lev Gumilev
* Eufrosinia Kersnovskaya (1908–1994), writer and artist
* Grigoriy Kirdetsov (1880–1938), journalist and translator
* Voldemar Karl Koht (1893-1942), Estonian military officer
* Nikolai Aleksandrovich Kozyrev (1908-1983), Soviet Russian astronomer and astrophysicist
* József Lengyel [ru] (1896-1975), Hungarian writer
* Jānis Medenis (1903–1961), Latvian poet and writer
* Isaiah Oggins (1898–1947), American communist and Soviet spy
* Nikolay Oyogir [ru], Evenk writer and poet
* Jacques Rossi (1909–2004), Polish-French writer and polyglot
* Shukrullo, Uzbekistani poet (1921–2020)
* Sergey Snegov, Soviet science fiction writer
* Karlo Štajner (1902-1992), Croatian writer
* Nikolay Urvantsev (1893–1985), geologist and explorer
* Nikolai Vekšin (1887–1951), Estonian sailor
* Aleksandr Yavorsky [ru], Russian botanist and poet
# Kiska, Altai Republic

Kiska (Russian: Киска; Altay: Кыска, Kıska) is a rural locality (a selo) in Choyskoye Rural Settlement of Choysky District, the Altai Republic, Russia. The population was 143 as of 2016. There are 4 streets.

## Geography

Kiska is located east from Gorno-Altaysk, in the valley of the Isha River, 11 km northwest of Choya (the district's administrative centre) by road. Gusevka is the nearest rural locality.
# Parvezwala railway station

Parvezwala railway station (Urdu: پرویز والا ریلوے اسٹیشن) is located in Pakistan.
# Robert Bryan (poet)

Robert Bryan (1858 – 5 May 1920) was a Welsh poet, composer and folklorist.

## Life

He was born at Llanarmon-yn-Iâl, Denbighshire, Wales, son of Edward and Elinor Bryan . He was a pupil and a pupil teacher at the Wrexham British School and then educated at the Normal College, Bangor, the University College of Wales, Aberystwyth, and at Oxford. He was forced to discontinue his studies at Oxford in 1893 without attaining a degree because of ill health. He lived at Wrexham and Marchwiel until 1903 when he moved to Caernarfon, where his brothers, Edward and Joseph Davies Bryan, had a house. His brothers ran a successful retail business in Egypt with large stores in Cairo and Alexandria, and branches in Port Said and Khartoum. Robert Bryan spent most of his winters there, returning to Caernarfon each summer.
Between 1905 and 1909 he was a teacher at Rhostryfan.
He died in Cairo, Egypt, on 5 May 1920, and was buried there. He was unmarried.

## Works

Poems by him were published in Oldlau Can (1901). Another volume Tua'r Wawr, was published posthumously in 1921.
He wrote music arrangements at the request of David Thomas, of Bangor whilst he was teaching. They were written for Alun Mabon of Ceiriog.
# Khurin, Varamin

Khurin (Persian: خورين) is a village in, and the capital of, Behnampazuki-ye Jonubi Rural District of the Central District of Varamin County, Tehran province, Iran.

## Demographics
### Population

At the time of the 2006 National Census, the village's population was 4,456 in 1,088 households. The following census in 2011 counted 29,447 people in 1,482 households. The 2016 census measured the population of the village as 7,223 people in 1,301 households. It was the most populous village in its rural district.
# Volodymyr Kornutyak

Volodymyr Kornutyak (Ukrainian: Володимир Петрович Корнутяк; born 24 July 1983 in Ukrainian SSR) is a Ukrainian former football defender.
# ZNS-2

ZNS-2 (branded as Inspiration 107.9) is the second-oldest radio station in the Bahamas, having begun broadcasting in 1962 on the AM band on 1240 kHz with a power of 1 kW. At some unknown point in the 1990s, the station migrated to the FM band on 107.9 MHz. It is under ownership of the Broadcasting Corporation of The Bahamas.
# Charlie Dixon (English footballer, born 1903)

Charles Hubert Dixon (16 June 1903 – 1 March 1983) was an English professional footballer who played as a centre-half. He played a total of 60 matches in the Football League for Bournemouth & Boscombe Athletic, Nelson and Southport.
# Balatonszemes

Balatonszemes is a village in Somogy county, Hungary. It lies on the southern shore of Lake Balaton, on the northern slopes of the Outer Somogy hills overlooking the lake and on the half-kilometre wide coastal plain. It has a train station on the (Budapest-)Székesfehérvár-Gyékényes railway line.
The settlement is part of the Balatonboglár wine region.

## History

The area has been inhabited since prehistoric times. The large tumulus in the present-day cemetery is thought to be of Iron Age origin, and probably contains the ashes of a prominent person. Archaeological remains from antiquity prove that both Celts and Romans lived here.
It was inhabited by Hungarians from the time of the conquest. The important trade route from the Danube to the Adriatic Sea ran southwest from the shore of Lake Balaton, and as a lookout and well-defensible point it was a fortified place from ancient times. In the Middle Ages a castle here was part of the chain of fortresses in Turkish times, and as such regularly changed hands between the Hungarians and the Turks, was repeatedly destroyed and then refortified.
The earliest parts of the village's Roman Catholic church date back to the 12th century.
In the 18th and 19th centuries, from 1790 to 1861, there was also a stagecoach station in the village, which still stands today and houses the Postal Museum.
Originally a village of peasants and fishermen, Balatonszemes – like other settlements along the lake – started to be also considered a bathing resort by the end of the 19th century (soon after the railroad was built), and the building of villas and holiday homes began, which was given a new impetus when the boat harbour was built in 1913.

## Gallery

* Cycling road
* Lake Balaton near Balatonszemes
* Statue of Zoltán Latinovits
* Plaque of the Statue of Zoltán Latinovits
* Statue of Anthony of Padua

## Notable residents

* Zoltán Latinovits (1931-1976), Hungarian actor
* István Bujtor (1942-2009), Hungarian actor, director, producer, and screenplay writer
* Eszter Perényi (born 1943), Hungarian violinist
# Our Lady of the Assumption Church, Caselle Landi

The Our Lady of the Assumption Church (Italian: Chiesa dell'Assunzione della Beata Vergine Maria) is a Catholic church in Caselle Landi, a small village in Italy.
The church is located in the province of Lodi, in the region of Lombardy, 74 kilometres (46 mi) south of Milan and 15 kilometres (9.3 mi) north of Piacenza.

## History

The building has undergone various restorations and remodeling, including the last one after the flood of the Po in 1951 which devastated the entire Lower Lodi area.

### External

It is a rectangular building with semicircular apse and a single nave. The bell tower until 1891 was behind the apse, the current one is detached from the church by the chapel of Our Lady of Lourdes. The façade, over the years, has undergone various restorations, often not improving. The current one, from the 1990s, is now crumbling and would require further conservative work.

### Internal

The interior has a single nave. At the entrance, on the left, there is the baptistery with a niche dedicated to Nativity of Mary. On the right a fresco of saint Frances Xavier Cabrini (work by Luigi Arzuffi) leaving for the American mission.
Following, on the right is the chapel of Our Lady of the Rosary, and on the left of s. Anthony of Padua.
The second chapels are dedicated to the Sacred Heart and Our Lady of Sorrows. The last chapels are dedicated to saint Joseph and saint Sabinus of Piacenza, protector of the village. In the various chapels, there are smaller statues of other saints.
The presbytery was modernized in the 1970s with the positioning of the altar towards the people and the bringing of the main altar towards the apse. The latter and the central nave were restored between the spring of 2016 and the summer of 2019 by the parish priest at the time. The central nave features frescoes (works by Paolo Zambelli) depicting the evangelists, other saints, the Dormition of Mary and Saint Savino who, from above, protects Caselle Landi.
# Abalaç

Abalaç (Tatar: Абалач, romanized: Abalaç) is a rural locality (a selo) in Mindälä District, Tatarstan. The population was 307 as of 2010. Abalaç is located 18 km from Mindälä, district's administrative centre, and 223 km from Qazаn, republic's capital, by road. The village was established in 1781. There are 2 streets in the village.
# Cayley's sextic

In geometry, Cayley's sextic (sextic of Cayley, Cayley's sextet) is a plane curve, a member of the sinusoidal spiral family, first discussed by Colin Maclaurin in 1718. Arthur Cayley was the first to study the curve in detail and Raymond Clare Archibald named the curve after him.
The curve is symmetric about the x-axis (y = 0) and self-intersects at y = 0, x = −a/8. Other intercepts are at the origin, at (a, 0) and with the y-axis at ±3⁄8√3a
The curve is the pedal curve (or roulette) of a cardioid with respect to its cusp.

## Equations of the curve

The equation of the curve in polar coordinates is
    r = 4a cos$^3$(θ/3)
In Cartesian coordinates the equation is
    4(x$^2$ + y$^2$ − (a/4)x)$^3$ = 27(a/4)$^2$(x$^2$ + y$^2$)$^2$ .
Cayley's sextic may be parametrised (as a periodic function, period π, $\mathbb {R} \rightarrow \mathbb {R} ^{2}$) by the equations:
* x = cos$^3$t cos 3t
* y = cos$^3$t sin 3t
The node is at t = ±π/3.
# Qeshlaq-e Khan Goldi Kamaran

Qeshlaq-e Khan Goldi Kamaran (Persian: قشلاق خان گلدي كامران, also Romanized as Qeshlāq-e Khān Goldī Kāmarān) is a village in Qeshlaq-e Sharqi Rural District, Qeshlaq Dasht District, Bileh Savar County, Ardabil Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 134, in 32 families.
# Grandfather Ivan (historical myth)

Grandfather Ivan (Bulgarian: Дядо Иван) is a folklore image of Russia in the minds of Bulgarians from the times of the Bulgarian National Revival, portraying Russia as a benevolent, protective force.
Ivan is a Slavic form of the biblical name Joan (John). The apparition of the myth of "Grandfather Ivan" is associated with the marriage of Ivan III to the niece of the last Byzantine emperor, Sophia Palaiologina, in 1472. Through this marriage, Ivan III was formally entitled to ascend to the throne of the already nonexisting Byzantine Empire and also received the moral obligation to liberate the Balkan Orthodox peoples from the Ottoman invaders. "Grandfather Ivan" was accepted as an "old clever patron". This vision was applied not only to the Tsar but also to the Russian people. Sometime in the 18th century, during the Bulgarian National Awakening, the Bulgarians came to the conclusion that "Grandfather Ivan" should come to set them free from the Ottoman rule.
# United Italian Federation of Clothing Workers

The United Italian Federation of Clothing Workers (Italian: Federazione Unitaria Italiana Lavoratori dell'Abbigliamento, FUILA) was a trade union representing workers in the clothing and footwear industries in Italy.
The union was founded in about 1950 as an affiliate of the Italian Confederation of Workers' Trade Unions (CISL). It also joined the International Garment Workers' Federation and the International Shoe and Leather Workers' Federation.
By 1954, the union claimed 55,186 members, but by 1965 it was down to 39,417 members. That year, it merged with the Italian Federation of Textile Workers, to form the Italian Federation of Textile and Clothing Workers.

## General Secretaries

    c.1950: Silvio Ascari
    c.1960: Bruno Fassina
# Kings' sagas

Kings' sagas (Icelandic: konungasögur, Nynorsk: kongesoger, -sogor, Bokmål: kongesagaer) are Old Norse sagas which principally tell of the lives of semi-legendary and legendary (mythological, fictional) Nordic kings, also known as saga kings. They were composed during the twelfth through the fourteenth centuries, primarily in Iceland, but with some written in Norway.
Kings' sagas frequently contain episodic stories known in scholarship as þættir, such as the Íslendingaþættir (about Icelanders), Styrbjarnar þáttr Svíakappa, Hróa þáttr heimska, and Eymundar þáttr hrings (about people from elsewhere).

## List of Kings' sagas

Including works in Latin, and in approximate order of composition (though many dates could be off by decades)
* A Latin work by Sæmundr fróði, c. 1120, lost.
* The older version of Íslendingabók by Ari fróði, c. 1125, lost.
* Hryggjarstykki by Eiríkr Oddsson, c. 1150, lost.
* Historia Norvegiæ, c. 1170.
* Historia de Antiquitate Regum Norwagiensium by Theodoricus monachus, c. 1180.
* Skjöldunga saga, c. 1180, badly preserved.
* Oldest Saga of St. Olaf, c. 1190, mostly lost.
* Ágrip af Nóregskonungasögum, c. 1190.
* A Latin Óláfs saga Tryggvasonar by Oddr Snorrason, c. 1190, survives in translation.
* A Latin Óláfs saga Tryggvasonar by Gunnlaugr Leifsson, c. 1195, lost.
* Sverris saga, by Karl Jónsson, c. 1205.
* Legendary Saga of St. Olaf, c. 1210.
* Morkinskinna, c. 1220 but before Fagrskinna.
* Fagrskinna, c. 1220.
* Óláfs saga helga by Styrmir Kárason, c. 1220, mostly lost.
* Böglunga sögur, c. 1225.
* Separate Saga of St. Olaf, by Snorri Sturluson, c. 1225.
* Heimskringla by Snorri Sturluson, c. 1230.
* Knýtlinga saga, probably by Ólafr Þórðarson, c. 1260.
* Hákonar saga Hákonarsonar, by Sturla Þórðarson, c. 1265.
* Magnúss saga lagabœtis, by Sturla Þórðarson, c. 1280, only fragments survive.
* Hulda-Hrokkinskinna, c. 1280.
* Óláfs saga Tryggvasonar en mesta, c. 1300.

## Sometimes counted among the Kings' sagas

* Jómsvíkinga saga
* Orkneyinga saga
* Færeyinga saga
* Brjáns saga

## Editions and translations

In Norwegian
* Storm, Gustav; Bugge, Alexander (ed. & tr.) Norges Kongesagaer (Christiania: I. M. Stenersen's Publishing, 1914)
* Munch, Peter Andreas; Þórðarson, Sturla Norges Konge-Sagaer Fra De Aeldste Tider Indtil Anden Halvdeel Af De 13 De Århundrede Efter Christi Fødsel (Nabu Press. 2010 ) ISBN 978-1142083908
# Veronica turrilliana

Veronica turrilliana (Bulgarian: Търилово великденче) is a species of speedwell in the family Plantaginaceae, endemic to the Strandzha mountain range in south-eastern Bulgaria and north-western Turkey. It is included in the Red Book of Bulgaria as an endangered species. and is categorized as data deficient by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN). It was described in 1923 by the Bulgarian botanists Nikolai Stojanov and Boris Stefanoff.

## Morphology

Veronica turrilliana has a vertical rhizome, the stems are straight, branched, reaching height of 8 to 35 cm. The leaves are consecutive, skeletal, ovate, elliptic to lanceolate, with small glands. The flowers are in loose grape-shaped raceme; the petals are purple-blue, with a light yellow ring in the middle. The bracts are whole, lanceolate and uncovered. The fruit is an oval, slightly biconvex box. Flowering is in April–May. It is an insect-pollinating plant and propagates by seeds.

## Distribution

The plant grows on dry limestone rocks and cracks in the Strandzha mountain range in the south-eastern part of the Balkan Peninsula in Bulgaria and Turkey, at an altitude of about 200 m. It forms fragmented populations made up of a few scattered individuals. Its type locality north of the town of Malko Tarnovo, where the species is described, is destroyed. In Bulgaria Veronica turrilliana is spread in Strandzha Nature Park, where it inhabits the Kovach locality south of the village of Zvezdets, Petrova Niva historic area, the zone around the villages of Stoilovo and Slivarovo, the springs of the Mladezhka river, a tributary of the Veleka, as well as Sredoka and Vitanovo Reserves.
# Rilets

Rilets (Bulgarian: Рилец) is a summit in the northwestern part of the Rila mountain range in southwestern Bulgaria reaching height of 2,713 m. It is named after the 19th-century Bulgarian architect Aleksi Rilets. It is located in Rila Monastery Nature Park, where it is the highest peak.
The summit is the highest point of a short, difficult to access secondary ridge that branches off north of the Rilets ridge, one of the two main ridges of Central Rila. Rilets is a bare, rocky peak resembling a huge granite pyramid. A large part of the summit, as well as the crest of the secondary ridge, is covered with huge and unstable boulders. The area around the summit is difficult to navigate, with extensive sections of rock debris alternating with belts of impenetrable dwarf mountain pine (Pinus mugo). Ascent in winter is difficulty category and requires alpine tools.
Rilets is part of the watershed ridge between the rivers Rilska and Iliyna. In a cirque on its eastern slope is situated Smradlivo Lake, the largest glacial lake in Bulgaria and the Balkan Peninsula. At its southwestern foot are the Devil's Lakes. The ridge to the north of the summit bisects and on a terrace enclosed by the two secondary ridges is located the Black Lake. In the north, the slopes of the Rilets reach the valley of the Rilska River.
From the summit there are impressive views of the Malyovitsa section of Northwestern Rila. The nearest mountain refuge is Ribni Ezera at altitude of 2,230 m.

## Citations

* 1 2 3 Geographic Dictionary of Bulgaria 1980, p. 410
* ↑ Yankov 2004, p. 28
* 1 2 Grancharov 2000, pp. 166–167
* ↑ Great Encyclopaedia "Bulgaria" 2012, p. 3730