OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Hayk Gyulikevkhyan

Hayk Gyulikevkhyan (Armenian: Հայկ Գյուլիքևխյան, 1886, Shushi - 1951, Yerevan) was an Armenian literary critic and philosopher and Professor of Yerevan State University. He was one of the founders of Soviet Armenian literary criticism.

## Biography

He studied at Leipzig and Zurich universities, then graduated from the department of philosophy of Heidelberg University. Gyulikevkhyan cooperated with Karl Liebknecht and Rosa Luxemburg. For his political activities he was arrested in 1914. In 1920's he became the editor of "Kommunist" newspaper of Yerevan and worked in Alexandropol. Gyulikevkhyan was the pro-rector of Yerevan State University and director of Armenian SSR Marxism–Leninism Institute. He was arrested during the Great Purge, then released.

## Sources

* Armenian Concise Encyclopedia, Ed. by acad. K. Khudaverdian, Yerevan, 1990, p. 664
* This biography of an Armenian philosopher is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
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# Chuvash State Opera and Ballet Theater

56°08′40″N 47°14′40″E﻿ / ﻿56.14444°N 47.24444°E﻿ / 56.14444; 47.24444
The Chuvash State Opera and Ballet Theater (Russian: Чувашский государственный театр оперы и балета, Chuvash: Чӑваш патшалӑх оперӑпа балет театрӗ) is an opera and ballet theater in Cheboksary, Chuvashia (Russia). Initially, it was known as the Chuvash Musical Theater, but was given its present name in 1993.
The yearly International Opera Festival named after Maxim Mikhailov held in the theater since 1991, the International Ballet Festival organized in 1997, the International Competition of Young Opera Singers named after Maxim Mikhailov held for the first time in 2010, and the Festival of Operetta organized in 2010 have become part of the cultural heritage of Chuvashia.

## History

The theater was opened in May 22, 1960 in the Soviet Union with the first opera being Water Mill (Chuvash: Шывармань, romanized: Shyvarman) by F. Vasilev. The founder and first director of the theater was Boris Markov.
The current theater building was built in 1985 in brutalism style. It was designed by architects R. Begunts and V. Teneta.

## Administration
### Ballet

The company has artists from Yoshkar-Ola, St. Petersburg and other cities.
# Afewerki

Afewerki, Afwerki or Afewerk (Tigrinya: ኣፈወርቂ or አፈወርቅ) is an Eritrean name that may refer to
* Afewerk Tekle (1932–2012), Ethiopian painter on African and Christian themes, stained glass artist
* Abraham Afewerki (1966–2006), Eritrean singer
* Isaias Afwerki (born 1946), President of Eritrea
# First Geography Congress, Turkey

The First Geography Congress (Turkish: Birinci Türk Coğrafya Kongresi), which was held in Ankara in 1941, separated Turkey into seven geographical regions, which are still used today.

## Overview

The congress took numerous factors into consideration when defining these regions, including the fact that Turkey is surrounded by sea on three sides and the presence of mountain ranges lying parallel to the length of the coastline that isolate the central section from the influence of the sea. Based on these factors and the resulting differences in the climate, natural plant cover and the distribution of types of agriculture, as well as the influences of these on the transportation systems and types of housing, the congress divided Turkey into four coastal and three central regions.
The coastal regions were named after the seas to which they are adjacent (the Black Sea, the Marmara, the Aegean and the Mediterranean Regions). The central regions were named according to their location in the whole of Anatolia (Central, Eastern and Southeastern Anatolia Regions).

## Analysis

The Eastern Anatolia Region largely corresponds to the western part of the Armenian highlands. According to historian Richard G. Hovannisian, this changing of toponyms was "necessary to obscure all evidence" of the Armenian presence in the area, as part of the policy of Armenian genocide denial embarked upon by the newly established Turkish government and what Hovannisian calls its "foreign collaborators".
# Wawrzyniec (bishop of Lubusz)

Wawrzyniec (German: Lorenz, Latin: Laurentius) was a bishop of Lubusz until his death on 9 March 1233.
Between 1204 and 1209 he became a bishop of Lubusz. He took a participation in synod in Borzykowo (1210) and in synod in Mostowo (1212).
Wawrzyniec died on 9 March 1233.
According to the tradition from 17th Century they were two bishops named Wawrzyniec (first died in 1204, second in 1232), but it is rejected by modern historians, which claim that there was only one bishop of Lubusz named Wawrzyniec.

## Footnotes

* ↑ Klaus Neitmann, Heinz-Dieter Heimann (2009). Spätmittelalterliche Residenzbildung in geistlichen Territorien Mittel- und Nordostdeutschlands. Lukas Verlag.
* ↑ Wałkowski, Andrzej (1995). "Czy w latach 1201–1233 diecezją lubuską rządziło dwóch biskupów o imieniu Wawrzyniec" (PDF). Nadwarciański Rocznik Historyczno-Archiwalny. 2: 33. Retrieved 11 April 2016.
* ↑ Wałkowski, Andrzej (1995). "Czy w latach 1201–1233 diecezją lubuską rządziło dwóch biskupów o imieniu Wawrzyniec" (PDF). Nadwarciański Rocznik Historyczno-Archiwalny. 2: 31. Retrieved 11 April 2016.
* ↑ Wałkowski, Andrzej (1995). "Czy w latach 1201–1233 diecezją lubuską rządziło dwóch biskupów o imieniu Wawrzyniec" (PDF). Nadwarciański Rocznik Historyczno-Archiwalny. 2: 35–36. Retrieved 11 April 2016.
* ↑ Wałkowski, Andrzej (1995). "Czy w latach 1201–1233 diecezją lubuską rządziło dwóch biskupów o imieniu Wawrzyniec" (PDF). Nadwarciański Rocznik Historyczno-Archiwalny. 2: 36–37. Retrieved 11 April 2016.
# Jack D. Hunter

Jack Dayton Hunter (June 4, 1921 – April 13, 2009) was an American author and artist, best known for his novel The Blue Max, which was made into a film of the same name.

## Biography

Hunter was born in Hamilton, Ohio, on June 4, 1921, the son of Whitney G. and Irene Dayton Hunter. While his father, whose long career with the DuPont Company began as a paint color evaluator because of his sensitivity to colors, Hunter was red-green blind. He graduated with a B.A. degree in journalism from Penn State University in 1943.
Because he spoke German, having taught himself and then studied it in college, Hunter was sent to Germany just after the war ended.
"Operation Nursery," including Jack Hunter's role in it, forms the basis of the nonfiction book The Axmann Conspiracy: The Nazi Plan for a Fourth Reich and How the U.S. Army Defeated It, Berkley Books (Penguin), Sept. 2012.
After the war, he worked in various journalistic capacities, as a public relations executive for Du Pont, and as a speech writer in Washington D.C.
His first novel was The Blue Max. Hunter, who dabbled in water colors, painted a cover image for the book.
Hunter wrote 17 novels, including The Ace, published in 2008. Like The Blue Max, The Ace deals with World War I aviation, but focuses on the human costs and chaotic conditions that bedeviled the Americans in their need to build a world-class air force virtually overnight.
During the 1980s, Hunter served as the writing coach for reporters working at the (now defunct) Jacksonville Journal, the Florida Times-Union, which still publishes in Jacksonville, and the St. Augustine Record, which still publishes in St. Augustine. In this role, which continued three days a week for 10 years, Hunter provided encouragement, tutelage and support to hundreds of journalists, some of whom went on to work at The New York Times, The Denver Post, The Miami Herald and in many other venues.
He lived in St. Augustine, Florida, until he died at age 87 on April 13, 2009. He was interred at the Jacksonville National Cemetery.
# John H. Starkins

John H. Starkins (1841 - 4 April 1897) was a first sergeant of the United States Army who was awarded the Presidential Medal of Honor for gallantry during the American Civil War. Starkins was awarded the medal on 30 July 1896 for actions performed at the Battle of Campbell's Station in Tennessee on 16 November 1863.

## Personal life

Starkins was born in Great Neck, New York in 1841. He died in Flushing, New York on 4 April 1897 and was buried in Zion Episcopal Church Cemetery in Douglaston, New York.

## Military service

Starkins enlisted in the Army as a blacksmith on 7 October 1861 in Flushing and was assigned to the 34th New York Light Artillery. He was promoted to corporal and then to sergeant but was demoted to private during his first enlistment. He re-enlisted in the Army on 5 November 1863, as a sergeant but was demoted to private again. He was promoted to first sergeant twice, once on 13 November 1864 and once on 1 January 1865. He was mustered out of service on 21 June 1865 at Hart's Island, New York.
On 16 November 1863, during the Battle of Campbell's Station in Tennessee, Starkins maneuvered his artillery piece off the field of battle without taking any casualties. His Medal of Honor citation for this action reads:
   The President of the United States of America, in the name of Congress, takes pleasure in presenting the Medal of Honor to Sergeant John H. Starkins, United States Army, for extraordinary heroism on 16 November 1863, while serving with 34th New York Battery, in action at Campbell Station, Tennessee. Sergeant Starkins brought off his piece without losing a man.
# Jahanabad, Varamin

Jahanabad (Persian: جهان اباد, also Romanized as Jahānābād) is a village in Behnamarab-e Jonubi Rural District, Javadabad District, Varamin County, Tehran Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 25, in 9 families.
# George Lippitt Andrews

George Lippitt Andrews (April 22, 1828 – July 19, 1920) was an officer of the United States Army, who commanded the African-American 25th Infantry Regiment for 20 years.

## Early life and education

Andrews was born in Providence, Rhode Island, on April 22, 1828. He was educated in the grammar schools of Providence.

## Personal life

He was first married to Alice Beverly Potter. He was married a second time to Emily Kemble (Oliver) Brown on May 13, 1874. His son was George Andrews who became Adjutant General of the United States Army with the rank of brigadier general.

## Career

Andrews started a career in business in Providence in 1841 and moved to St. Louis, Missouri, in 1858.
Andrews was appointed lieutenant colonel of the 1st Missouri Infantry at the start of the American Civil War in 1861. While with this regiment, he was picked by his commander, Union Brigadier General, U.S. Volunteers, Nathaniel Lyon, to lead the 3rd Brigade which fought at the Battle of Wilson's Creek in Missouri on August 10, 1861.
He was mustered out of volunteer service in September 1861 and was commissioned in the Regular Army as the major of the 17th Infantry to rank from May 14 of the same year.
In June 1863, he was in command of Fort Preble in South Portland, Maine, during an action called the Battle of Portland Harbor.
He was promoted to lieutenant colonel on October 14, 1864, and was assigned to the 13th Infantry.
He was reassigned as lieutenant colonel of the 25th Infantry on December 15, 1870. On January 1, 1871, he was promoted to colonel and assigned as commander of the 25th Infantry. He commanded the 25th Infantry for 21 years until he retired from the Army in 1892.
He was a Veteran Companion of the District of Columbia Commandery of the Military Order of the Loyal Legion of the United States and a Compatriot of the Rhode Island Society of the Sons of the American Revolution.
In 1904, in recognition of his long and distinguished career, he was promoted to the rank of brigadier general on the retired list.
After retiring from the Army, General Andrews made his home in Washington, D. C. He died at his home there on July 19, 1920. He is buried in Arlington National Cemetery.
# Nasirabad, Varamin

Nasirabad (Persian: نصيراباد, also Romanized as Naşīrābād; also known as Onaşīrābād) is a village in Behnamarab-e Jonubi Rural District, Javadabad District, Varamin County, Tehran Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 16, in 8 families.
# Zarnitsy

Zarnitsy (Russian: Зарницы) is a rural locality (a khutor) in Prokhorovsky District, Belgorod Oblast, Russia. The population was 13 as of 2010. There are 2 streets.

## Geography

Zarnitsy is located 36 km southeast of Prokhorovka (the district's administrative centre) by road. Gagarino and Lisichki are is the nearest rural locality.
# Galia Ackerman

Galina Ackerman or usually Galia Ackerman (Russian: Галя Аккерман) (born 1948) is a French-Russian writer, historian, journalist, translator, researcher at the University of Caen, specializing on Ukraine and Post-Soviet states. She was also a translator for slain Russian journalist Anna Politkovskaya.

## Biography

Galia Ackerman was born in 1948 into a Russian Jewish family. She holds a doctorate in history from the University of Paris 1 Pantheon-Sorbonne and is an associate researcher at the University of Caen.

### Crossing Chernobyl

In 1998, Galia Ackerman translated into French the 'Chernobyl Prayer' by Svetlana Alexievich, a documentary about the Chernobyl disaster. While working on the translation, she traveled in the poisoned territories called 'Zone' (short for Chernobyl Exclusion Zone), in Belarus, and interviewed local well-known personalities about the nuclear catastrophe.
When she published her gathered stories about 'Zone', the Center of Modern Art of Barcelona asked her in 2003 prepare an exhibition about 'Zone'. To prepare the materials for the Center of Modern Art, Galia Ackerman traveled from 2003 to 2006 in Ukraine. She co-worked with a museum about the catastrophe in Kyiv, met with local people, and gathered various artefacts like special clothes of recovery workers, various Geiger counters. As result, she talked with many local people, gathered much information, and wrote her first documentary in 2006 about 'Zone', but, as she said, it was just a pure history of the catastrophe.
Since then, Galia Ackerman used to travel in Ukraine, visited 'Zone', met local people and became a friend with Ukrainian poet Lina Kostenko, who also often visited Chernobyl Exclusion Zone. So she decided to write a new story entitled 'Crossing Chernobyl' to tell her 20-year-long experience about Chernobyl, thoughts, mental pictures of Chernobyl. The book was published in France.

## Selected bibliography
### Books

* French: Traverser Tchernobyl; Premier Parallèle, 2016 (Crossing Chernobyl; Premier Parallèle, 2016)
* French: Le régiment immortel; la guerre sacrée de Poutine; Premier Parallèle, 2019 (The Immortal Regiment; The Sacred War of Putin; Premier Parallèle, 2019)
# Myuta

Myuta (Russian: Мыюта; Altay: Мыйту, Mıytu) is a rural locality (a selo) in Shebalinsky District, the Altai Republic, Russia. The population was 274 as of 2016. There are 6 streets.

## Geography

Myuta is located 16 km north of Shebalino (the district's administrative centre) by road. Cherga and Shebalino are the nearest rural localities.
# Lewis Tappan Barney

Lewis Tappan Barney (March 18, 1844 – December 19, 1904) was an officer in the Union Army during the American Civil War. Born in 1844 he became the youngest man brevetted to brigadier general and major general in the war.

## Life and Service

Lewis Tappan Barney was born in the city of Brooklyn, New York on March 18, 1844 as child of New York lawyer Hiram Barney and his wife Susannah A. Tappan. Growing up with his five siblings Barney became a hotel clerk and tried his luck as a viticulturist.
In 1862, after the American Civil War raged for a year, Barney joined the 7th New York Militia Regiment (Company F) as a Private for 90-day service. In October he joined the 68th New York Infantry Regiment (Company G). At the time present the 68th Infantry was part of the Army of the Potomac's XI Corps and, in the brigade of Alexander Schimmelfennig, was posted in the Washington defenses. A month later Barney, who was listed in some rosters as John Barney, was commissioned a 1st Lieutenant.
In February 1864 Barney was promoted to captain and assigned to the staff of General Rufus Saxton. He functioned as an assistant-adjutant general to the forces stationed in South Carolina. During summer he was offered the colonelcy of the 106th New York Infantry Regiment, but he declined. Instead he tried to raise the 180th New York Infantry. However the regiment failed to muster when it draw only enough men for a company; and in February 1865 the regiment was disorganized (its men being transferred to the 179th New York). On March 13, 1865, still only 20 years old, he was brevetted both Brigadier and Major General of the U.S. Volunteers for "gallant and meritorious services during the war".
After the war Barney settled in California and married his wife, Mary S. Fowler, in 1875. He died in Inglewood on December 19, 1904; and is buried on Rosedale Cemetery, Los Angeles (now Angelus-Rosedale Cemetery).
# Thomas Miller Beach

Thomas Miller Beach (who used the alias Major Henri Le Caron) (September 26, 1841 – April 1, 1894) was an English spy.
For 25 years he lived in Detroit, Michigan and other places in the United States, paying occasional visits to Europe.

## Early career

Beach was born in Colchester, England. When he was 19, he went to Paris, where he found employment in business dealing with the United States.

## Army life

Inspired by the American Civil War, he emigrated to the United States in 1861 and enlisted in the Union Army under the name of Henri Le Caron.
In 1864, he married a young woman who had helped him to escape from a Confederate militia, and by the end of the war he had risen to the rank of Major. In 1865, through a fellow Union soldier, John O'Neill, he was brought into contact with the Fenian Brotherhood, and having learnt of the planned Fenian raids against Canada, he mentioned them when writing home to his father in England. Beach's father told his local Member of Parliament, who in turn told the Home Secretary, and the latter asked Beach to supply further information.

## Irish connections

His services enabled the British Government to take measures which led to the fiasco of the Canadian invasion of 1870 and Kiel's surrender in 1871, and he supplied full details concerning various Irish-American associations, in which he himself was a prominent member. His successful infiltration of the Fenian Brotherhood and Clan na Gael aided the defence of Upper Canada from the Fenian raids and caused both the failure of the Fenian Dynamite Campaign. In an effort to protect his cover, Beach and his handlers were also complicit in blaming the deaths and arrests of Clan na Gael's dynamite bombers on Dr. Patrick Henry Cronin, which resulted in the latter's 1889 murder in Chicago.
Beach was proficient in medicine, among other skills, and he remained for years on close personal terms with the most extreme men in the Fenian organization. He was in the secrets of the "new departure" in 1879-1881, and in 1881 had an interview with Charles Stewart Parnell at the House of Commons, when the Irish Parliamentary Party leader allegedly spoke sympathetically of an armed nationalist revolution in Ireland.

## Later years

The Parnell Commission of 1889 ended Beach's spying career. He was subpoenaed by The Times, and in the witness-box he told his whole story, with all the efforts of Charles Russell in cross-examination failing to alter his testimony. The Times lost the case, Beach's career was at an end, and Parnell, who had always insisted that he was opposed to violence, was completely exonerated.
Beach published the story of his life, Twenty-five Years in the Secret Service, in 1892 and it had a wide circulation, but he had to be constantly guarded, his acquaintances were hampered from seeing him, and he suffered from peritonitis, from which he died on 1 April 1894. He is buried in London.
# Áurea of San Millán

Aurea or Oria (from the Latin: golden) (1043-1070), was a Spanish anchorite saint attached to the Monastery of San Millán de la Cogolla, in the Spanish Province of La Rioja (Europe). She is commemorated on 11 March.

## Life

Aurea was born in 1043 in the village of Villavelayo, then part of the Taifa of Zaragoza, a region controlled by the Moors. According to tradition, her mother was St. Amunia. As a child, she studied the Scriptures and the lives of the early martyrs of the Church under the guidance of a monk named Munio, who would later write her vita. Her favorite saints to meditate upon and to try to imitate were Agatha, Eulalia and Cecilia.
When she was aged nine, Amunia and Aurea decided to leave the world and to embrace a life of asceticism. They went to the Monastery of San Millán de la Cogolla, where they appealed to the prior, Dominic (later founder and namesake of the Abbey of Santo Domingo de Silos) for help in this. After some consideration as to how to proceed, for Aurea Prior Dominic had a narrow anchorhold built for her in the wall of the monastery church, with a small window through which she could see the altar, and another to the outside. He then consecrated her and had her walled into her new cell.
Aurea completely applied herself to the contemplative life. By the age of 20, she was living in a cave where she received a vision of her three favorite saints and was encouraged to follow her chosen lifestyle with more zeal. Eulalia gave her a pigeon, which image became connected to her, instructing her to follow it as an example of how she was to seek God. According to tradition, she performed many miracles and many people began to seek her advice and prayers. She supported herself by embroidering vestments for the monastery and baking hosts for the Mass.
Aurea did not live long after her visions. During the winter of 1070 she contracted a painful disease, in the course of which she sent for her tutor, Munio. At the time of her death, Aurea was twenty-seven years old. Her body was initially buried in her cave, which served as her shrine until 1609, when the bulk of her remains were enshrined at the monastery, with some being given to the parish church of her home town of Villavelayo, where a special chapel was built to house them and to honor her as the patron saint of the town.
A confraternity established to honor her cares for the shrine at the church and organizes an annual trip to the shrine at the monastery.

## Veneration

Gonzalo de Berceo, considered the first poet of the Spanish language, wrote an account of her life called the Vida de Santa Oria.
# The Mysterious Miss C.

The Mysterious Miss C. (French: La mystérieuse Mademoiselle C.) is a Canadian children's fantasy-comedy film, directed by Richard Ciupka and released in 2002. The film stars Marie-Chantal Perron as Mademoiselle Charlotte, a quirky supply teacher who transforms the lives of a struggling class of elementary students. The film was adapted from the "Mlle. Charlotte" series of children's novels by Dominique Demers. The film was the sixth highest-grossing Canadian film of 2002.
Demers received a Genie Award nomination for Best Adapted Screenplay at the 23rd Genie Awards. Perron received a Prix Jutra nomination for Best Actress, and Jean-François Bergeron was nominated for Best Editing, at the 5th Jutra Awards.
A sequel film, The Incomparable Miss C. (L'incomparable Mademoiselle C.), was released in 2004.