OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Liber daticus vetustior

Liber daticus vetustior (Latin: The earlier book of gifts; Lund, UB Mh 7) is a 12th-century illuminated manuscript probably made in Lund (then part of Denmark, today in Sweden). It was made to serve as the martyrology and obituary of the canons of Lund Cathedral.

## History

The book was written sometime between 1139 and 1146, and was designed as a combined martyrology and book of obituaries over deceased canons from Lund Cathedral. It is likely that it was made to be ready at the time of the consecration of the chancel of the cathedral in 1145. The book belonged to the cathedral until the early 15th century, but its whereabouts after that until 1709 are not known in any detail. From 1709 it has been in the collections of the library of Lund University. It has been known by its Latin title Liber daticus vetustior since the 18th century, when it was first called so by Danish historian Jakob Langebek.

## Description

The martyrology is modeled after the Martyrology of Ado, composed in the 9th century, and updated with more recent saints such as Saint Olaf and Saint Rimbert. The list of saints also includes several bishops from Metz Cathedral in Lorraine, which has led researchers to assume that the text is a copy from a book from Metz.
In addition, the book contains a calendar with the names of canons from the cathedral who died on the respective dates. A large number of these names have been copied from a somewhat earlier book from the cathedral, Necrologium Lundense, and new entries were made until c. 1410.
The book is bound in a half parchment binding from the 20th century (made in Lund) and measures 31.2 centimetres (12.3 in) by 21 centimetres (8.3 in). The text is decorated with twelve double initials (KL), one of which is much larger than the others. The initials were made at the same time as the oldest part of the text, in the 12th century. There are also 25 later decorative initials, made in the 13th century, as well as a few other decorative elements. The book is worn, showing traces of considerable use.
# Lavasi Mahalleh

Lavasi Mahalleh (Persian: لواسی محله, also Romanized as Lavāsī Maḩalleh) is a village in Ahandan Rural District, in the Central District of Lahijan County, Gilan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 45, in 13 families.
# Democratic People's Party (Northern Cyprus)

The Democratic People's Party (Turkish: Demokratik Halk Partisi) was a conservative political party in Northern Cyprus.

## History

The party was established in 1979 by defectors from the National Unity Party led by Nejat Konuk. The party began with five members of the National Council, and gained a sixth in 1981 when the Populist Party merged into it.
The 1981 elections saw the party reduced to only three seats due to voter dissatisfaction with the territory's conservative parties. The party's presidential candidate Husamettin Tanyar finished fourth with 4.8% of the vote. Following the election Konuk was elected Speaker. The party failed to win a seat in the 1985 elections, and did not contest any further elections.

## Ideology

The party claimed to hold social democratic principles, but was opposed to state intervention in the economy.
# Bednayel

Bednayel (Arabic: بدنايل (بعلبك)) is a local authority in the Baalbek District of the Baalbek-Hermel Governorate in Lebanon.

## History

In 1838, Eli Smith noted Bednaya's population as being predominantly Metawileh.
# Richard Henry Jackson

Richard Henry Jackson (1830–1892) was an Irish-born American career soldier. He served in the Union Army in the American Civil War rising to the grade of brigadier general of volunteers and an appointment to the grade of brevet major general of volunteers in 1866.

## Life

Richard Henry Jackson was a native of Ireland, born at Kinnegad, Westmeath County, on July 14, 1830. He came to the United States with his parents when he was a boy.
On December 12, 1851 he enlisted in the 4th Regiment of Artillery of the United States Army as a private. At the outbreak of the American Civil War he had risen to the grade of first lieutenant and in February 1862 was promoted to the grade of captain.
He participated in many of the battles in Virginia, receiving brevet commissions for meritorious conduct at the battles of Drewry's Bluff and New Market Heights. The highest grade to which Jackson was promoted during the war was lieutenant colonel and assistant inspector general. He was chief of artillery of the IX Corps of the Union Army for several months in 1864. He was commander of 2nd Division of the XXV Corps during the closing operations of the Army of the Potomac in Virginia. He served with Division 2 of the XXV Corps in the Department of Texas from May 4, 1865 to November 4, 1865.
On January 13, 1866, President Andrew Johnson nominated Jackson for appointment to the grade of brigadier general of volunteers with an appointment date and date of rank of May 19, 1865 and the United States Senate confirmed the appointment on February 23, 1866. Also on January 13, 1866, President Johnson nominated Jackson for appointment to the grade of brevet major general of volunteers with a date of rank of November 24, 1865 and the United States Senate confirmed the appointment on March 12, 1866.
On February 1, 1866, Jackson was mustered out of the volunteer service. He was assigned to his old regiment, reverting to his regular grade of captain. On July 17, 1866, President Johnson nominated Jackson for appointment to the grade of brevet brigadier general in the regular U.S. Army to rank from March 13, 1865 and the United States Senate confirmed the appointment on July 23, 1866. He did not receive an assignment in that grade. He became major of the 5th Regiment of Artillery in July, 1880, and lieutenant colonel of the 4th Regiment of Artillery in December, 1888.

### Death and burial

He died at 3 p.m. on November 28, 1892 at the barracks of Fort McPherson, Atlanta, Georgia, where he was stationed. General O. O. Howard was at once notified by telegraph.
Funeral services were held at St. Phillips' Protestant Episcopal church in Atlanta, after which, in obedience to his wishes, his remains were taken to West Point military academy for interment. His only child, who died while a cadet at West Point, had also been buried there.His wife survived him.
# Hordivtsi

48°30′20″N 26°20′01″E﻿ / ﻿48.5056°N 26.3336°E﻿ / 48.5056; 26.3336 Hordivtsi (Ukrainian: Гордівці; Romanian: Gordeuți) is a commune (selsoviet) in Dnistrovskyi Raion, Chernivtsi Oblast, Ukraine. It belongs to Rukshyn rural hromada, one of the hromadas of Ukraine.
Until 18 July 2020, Hordivtsi belonged to Khotyn Raion. The raion was abolished in July 2020 as part of the administrative reform of Ukraine, which reduced the number of raions of Chernivtsi Oblast to three. The area of Khotyn Raion was merged into Dnistrovskyi Raion.
# Brusen Point

Brusen Point (Bulgarian: нос Брусен, ‘Nos Brusen’ \'nos 'bru-sen\) is the narrow rocky point projecting 200 m in north-northwest direction and forming the north extremity of Greenwich Island in the South Shetland Islands, Antarctica. Nereid Lake is situated 800 m east-southeast of the point, and Proteus Lake lies at its base.
The point is named after the settlements of Brusen in Northwestern and Western Bulgaria.

## Location

Brusen Point is located at 62°26′27″S 59°48′32″W﻿ / ﻿62.44083°S 59.80889°W﻿ / -62.44083; -59.80889, which is 990 m west of Agüedo Point and 4.55 km east of Aprilov Point on Greenwich Island, and 1.02 km southwest of Dee Island. British mapping in 1968, Chilean in 1971, Argentine in 1980, and Bulgarian in 2005 and 2009.

## Maps

* L.L. Ivanov et al. Antarctica: Livingston Island and Greenwich Island, South Shetland Islands. Scale 1:100000 topographic map. Sofia: Antarctic Place-names Commission of Bulgaria, 2005.
* L.L. Ivanov. Antarctica: Livingston Island and Greenwich, Robert, Snow and Smith Islands. Scale 1:120000 topographic map. Troyan: Manfred Wörner Foundation, 2009. ISBN 978-954-92032-6-4 (Updated second edition 2010. ISBN 978-954-92032-9-5)
# Heciyê Cindî

Heciyê Cindî (Armenian: Հաջիե Ջնդի Ջաուարի; March 18, 1908 – May 1, 1990) was a Kurdish linguist and researcher from Armenia.
Cindî was born into a Yazidi Kurdish family in the village of Yemençayir (Emançayîr) near Kars in modern Turkey. During World War I and Turkish and Soviet invasions, his family fled to Armenia and settled in the village of Elegez. Later on, he lost all his family (except for one brother) to disease and massacre. In 1919, he stayed in the American orphanage in Alexandropol, and in 1926 was transferred to the orphanage in Leninakan, Armenia.
During 1929–30, Cindî taught in the villages of Qundexsaz and Elegez, and was head of the cultural section of the Kurdish newspaper Riya Teze in 1930. He also worked as a news anchor in the Kurdish section of Radio Yerevan. In 1933, he joined the Writers Union of Armenia and attended the meeting of the Soviet Writers Congress the following year. In 1937, during Joseph Stalin's purges, he was imprisoned on March 18, 1937, on charges of spying, nationalism, being a Yezidi and helping counter-revolutionaries. After one year, several Armenian intellectuals campaigned for his release and he was pardoned, but was not allowed to work; however, with Alexander Fadeyev's help and support, he was able to resume his literary work.
In 1940, Cindî received his PhD in Kurdish folklore, and in 1941 the Armenian government, put him in charge of changing Kurdish alphabet from Latin to Cyrillic. The new alphabet was approved and published in 1946, and it was used in Kurdish education in Armenia, Georgia and several Central Asian republics. In 1959, he was employed in the Oriental department of Armenian Academy of Sciences, where he headed the Kurdology section for the next eight years.
In 1940 and 1952 his book Kurdish Fairy Tales was published in Armenian, in 1959 in Kurdish (Һ’ьк’йа̄тед щьмаә’тә к’ӧрдие).
From 1968 to 1974, Cindî taught Kurdish literature and language at the Oriental Faculty of the University of Yerevan. He wrote and translated many books, among them 15 books on folklore and literature, 33 textbooks for schools, 19 translations and 7 books in pedagogy.
# Christian Democratic Party (Brazil)

The Christian Democratic Party (Portuguese: Partido Democrata Cristão, PDC) was a political party in Brazil founded in 1945. The PDC, a small party supporting traditional Christian values, never achieved electoral success and was banned by the military government in 1965.
The party was re-created following the fall of the military in 1985, and subsequently merged with other parties, including the Democratic Social Party, to form the right-wing Brazilian Progressive Party (PPB) in 1993.
The former president of Brazil Jair Bolsonaro was a member of the party from 1988 to the merging with Democratic Social Party.
# Wynigen railway station

Wynigen railway station (German: Bahnhof Wynigen) is a railway station in the municipality of Wynigen, in the Swiss canton of Bern. It is an intermediate stop on the standard gauge Olten–Bern line of Swiss Federal Railways.

## Services

As of the December 2023 timetable change, the following services stop at Wynigen:
* InterRegio: hourly service between Olten and Bern.
# Sausnēja Parish

Sausnēja Parish (Latvian: Sausnējas pagasts) is an administrative unit of Madona Municipality in the Vidzeme region of Latvia. At the beginning of 2014, the population of the parish was 622. The administrative center is Sidrabiņi village.

## Towns, villages and settlements of Sausnēja parish

* Liepkalne
* Sausnēja
* Sidrabiņi
# Nerkin Charbakh

40°07′45″N 44°26′50″E﻿ / ﻿40.12917°N 44.44722°E﻿ / 40.12917; 44.44722
Nerkin Charbakh (Armenian: Ներքին Չարբախ), (also, Nerkin Ch’arbakh and Nizhniy Charbakh) is a part of Shengavit District in Yerevan, Armenia.
# Lojze Spazzapan

Luis Spazzapan, (Slovene: Lojze Špacapan, Italian: Luigi Spazzapan) (Gradisca d'Isonzo, 18 April 1889 - Turin, 18 February 1958) was a Slovenian painter from the Slovene community in Italy, considered one of the most important postwar Italian exponents of Abstract Art.
He was born as the third of five children to father Gustav Špacapan (Italianized Giustino Spazzapan), a prison guard, and Josipina Mervič (Italianized Giuseppina Mervi).
In 1920 he worked as a teacher of mathematics at the middle schools of Idria, where one of his pupils was the author of the first Slovene comic strip Milko Bambič. Spazzapan left teaching to devote himself entirely to his passion, painting.
In 1923 he participated in Padua in an exhibition of Futurism art movement which he had recently met through the group founded by artists George Carmelich, Sophronius Pocarini, and Mirko Vucetich.
His artistic training was accomplished through several journeys he undertook in his youth in the major art centers, including Munich with Kandinsky, assimilating styles of Art Nouveau, Futurism, Expressionism, and Abstract Art.
In 1928 he moved to Turin, where his meeting the Group of Six of Turin allowed him to create a personal style in his work. In 1936 he was invited to the Venice Biennale, where, in 1954, had a solo show distinguishing himself as a notable artist.
# Hajji Musa

Hajji Musa (Persian: حاجی موسی, also Romanized as Ḩājī Mūsá and Ḩājjī Mūsá) is a village in Saral Rural District, Saral District, Divandarreh County, Kurdistan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 113, in 26 families. The village is populated by Kurds.
# Grohmannspitze

The Grohmannspitze (Italian: Punta Grohmann; German: Grohmannspitze) is a mountain in the Langkofel Group of the Dolomites in South Tyrol, Italy.
# Liliya Stoyanova

Liliya Stoyanova (Bulgarian: Лилия Стоянова; born 19 November 1968) is a Bulgarian rower. She competed in the women's coxless four event at the 1992 Summer Olympics.
# Arch of San Lazzaro, Parma

The Arch of San Lazzaro (Italian: Arco di San Lazzaro) is a triumphal arch that stands just outside and east of the city of Parma, Region of Emilia-Romagna. It was constructed in 1628 under the designs of Giovanni Battista Magnani to celebrate the arrival to the city of Margherita de’ Medici, the new wife of the then Duke Odoardo Farnese. At the time of its construction, the panels of the arch were painted by Pomponio Amidano with historical tableaus, depicting
* Marcus Aemilius Lepidus founds a Roman Colony in Parma.
* Parma sends Citizens to Rome to aid them during Floods.
* The siege of Parma by Legates of Sulla urging rebellion against Rome.
* Parma offers 1,000 citizens to protect Julius Caesar.
* Frederick II defeat in the 1248 Battle of Parma.
* Celebration of the victory with dedications to the Virgin.
The paintings were decayed over time and in 1819 were replaced to celebrate the visit to Parma of the Austrian Emperor.
# Hobby shop

A hobby shop (or hobby store) sells recreational items for hobbyists.

## Types
### Modelling

Classical hobby stores specialize in modelling and craft supplies and specialty magazines for model airplanes (military craft, private airplanes and airliners), model trains (locomotives, rolling stock, track, power packs and accessories), ship models, house and building models. Some hobby shops sell R/C cars, pinewood derby kits, boats, and model or remote control planes.

### Collectibles

Some hobby shops may also sell dolls, figures, and collectible coins and stamps.

### Gaming

A subtype of hobby shop is a game store, which sells jigsaw puzzles, card and board games and role playing games. Such stores sometimes may also contain community space for hobbyists (gamers) to mingle and play games. In recent years, board and card game hobby shops have often become part-cafes.

### Computer

Another subtype of hobby shop is the computer store, which sells computers, software, services, and training. Computer hobby shops have traditionally sold computers, related network equipment, and services, more often than not, they are selling training in software like Adobe PhotoShop, Autodesk 3ds, web design and other creative software pursuits. As technology continues to evolve, the post "dot com" computer hobby shops have transformed these equipment and services to hands-on training environments where people gather and learn from one another. This is because several people who work in technology also have it as a hobby.
# Vrachanska Skaklya

Vrachanska Skaklya (Bulgarian: Врачанска Скакля) or Skaklya is a plunge waterfall in the Vrachanski Balkan Nature Park of Vratsa Province in northwestern Bulgaria. With a height of 141 or 148 m, it is claimed to be the highest intermittently flowing waterfall in Bulgaria and the Balkans. The waterfall lies 1.5 km south of Vratsa, behind the Kaleto hill, and can be observed from the town centre.
The Vrachanska Skaklya waterfall is protected as part of the Vrachanski Karst Reserve within the nature park. Several marked tourist trails lead to the waterfall, with lengths ranging from 1.5 to 5 km.
The waterfall is at its most powerful in May and June, when its flow rate averages 200 litres per second (with a recorded maximum of around 300 L/s). In spring, Vrachanska Skaklya is up to 20 metres wide. During the rest of the year, its flow rate is much reduced and in August and September, it typically dries up entirely. When the waterfall freezes in winter, it is popular as an ice climbing destination.
# Karak, Hamadan

Karak (Persian: كرك; also known as Garak, Garrak, and Gorg) is a village in Gamasiyab Rural District, in the Central District of Nahavand County, Hamadan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 294, in 65 families.
# Bukaiši Parish

Bukaiši Parish (Latvian: Bukaišu pagasts) is an administrative unit of Dobele Municipality in the Semigallia region of Latvia. At the beginning of 2014, the population of the parish was 745. The administrative center is Bukaiši village.

## Towns, villages and settlements of Bukaiši parish

* Bukaiši
* Kārklumuiža
* Medne
* Rociņas
# The Eunuch of Stamboul

The Eunuch of Stamboul is a 1935 spy thriller novel by the British writer Dennis Wheatley. A British army officer is forced to resign his commission to avoid a diplomatic incident. He is dispatched to Istanbul and uncovers a plot to overthrow the government of Mustafa Kemal Atatürk and restore a traditionalist sultanate, led by a eunuch who serves as a senior secret policeman in the present government.

## Film adaptation

The following year it was made into a film The Secret of Stamboul, directed by Andrew Marton and starring James Mason, Valerie Hobson and Kay Walsh.
# David Sadler (footballer)

David Sadler (born 5 February 1946 in Yalding, Kent, England) is an English former footballer. He was a skilful central defender who could also play usefully in midfield or even as a forward. He is currently secretary of the Manchester United Former Players' Association.
Sadler started his career with Maidstone United, but signed a professional contract with Manchester United in 1963, helping the club win the 1965 and 1967 First Division Football League championships as well as the 1968 European Cup. He left United in 1974 after scoring 27 goals for the club to join Preston North End, who were being managed by Sadler's former teammate Bobby Charlton.
He made 121 appearances (including one as substitute) for the Deepdale club and scored four goals before retiring due to injury in 1977, by which time Charlton had resigned as manager.
Sadler was capped four times for England.

## Post-football career

Sadler became a manager for a building society in Hale, Greater Manchester. He also became involved with Charlton in corporate hospitality.

## Career statistics
### Club statistics

| Club | Season | First Division | First Division | FA Cup | FA Cup | League Cup | League Cup | Europe | Europe | Other | Other | Total | Total |
| Club | Season | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals |
| Manchester United | 1963–64 | 19 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 21 | 5 |
| Manchester United | 1964–65 | 6 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 6 | 1 |
| Manchester United | 1965–66 | 10 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 10 | 4 |
| Manchester United | 1966–67 | 36 | 5 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 39 | 5 |
| Manchester United | 1967–68 | 41 | 3 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 9 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 52 | 6 |
| Manchester United | 1968–69 | 29 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 5 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 37 | 0 |
| Manchester United | 1969–70 | 40 | 2 | 9 | 0 | 8 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 57 | 3 |
| Manchester United | 1970–71 | 32 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 39 | 1 |
| Manchester United | 1971–72 | 37 | 1 | 6 | 1 | 6 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 49 | 2 |
| Manchester United | 1972–73 | 19 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 22 | 0 |
| Manchester United | 1973–74 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 0 |
| Manchester United | Total | 272 | 22 | 23 | 1 | 22 | 1 | 16 | 3 | 2 | 0 | 335 | 27 |

### International statistics

| National team | Year | Apps | Goals |
| England | 1967 | 2 | 0 |
| England | 1970 | 2 | 0 |
| England | Career total | 4 | 0 |
# Ibirapuitã Environmental Protection Area

Ibirapuitã Environmental Protection Area (Portuguese: Área de Proteção Ambiental do Ibirapuitã) is a protected area in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. It is in the Uruguayan savanna ecoregion.

## Location

The protected area, which covers 316,790 hectares (782,800 acres) of pampas biome, was created on 20 May 1992. It is administered by the Chico Mendes Institute for Biodiversity Conservation. The area includes parts of the Alegrete, Quaraí, Rosário do Sul and Santana do Livramento municipalities of Rio Grande do Sul. It is in the upper basin of the Ibirapuitã River, a tributary of the Ibicuí River. The climate is subtropical with average annual temperature of 18.6 °C (65.5 °F).

## Conservation

The area is classified as IUCN protected area category Ia, Strict Nature Reserve. The primary purposes are to conserve a significant portion of the pampas biome, protect biological diversity and control human activities to ensure sustainable use of natural resources.
Protected species include the mussels Lamproscapha ensiformis, Mycetopoda siliquosa and Mycetopoda legumen.
# Jaime Sánchez (footballer, born 1973)

Jaime Sánchez Fernández (born 20 March 1973), known simply as Jaime, is a Spanish former professional footballer who played as a defensive midfielder.

## Club career

Jaime was born in Madrid. After starting professionally with a modest team, RSD Alcalá (with whom he achieved a 1992 promotion to Segunda División B), he joined Real Madrid, spending three seasons with its reserve sides.
Jaime first appeared in La Liga for Racing de Santander, on loan, being a mainstay during 1996–97 and subsequently returning home to help Madrid to the following campaign's UEFA Champions League, coming in the 82nd minute of their 1–0 win against Juventus FC and remaining two years with the club.
Subsequently, Jaime signed for Deportivo de La Coruña and, prior to the team's signing of Aldo Duscher, would appear significantly in the 2000 league conquest, the only in the Galicians' history. However, it would be the only season he would play for Depor, being consecutively loaned for the duration of his link, including twice to German Bundesliga's Hannover 96.
Jaime retired in 2006 at the age of 33, after one-year stints with Albacete Balompié and Racing de Ferrol – the latter in the Segunda División – both ended in relegation.

## Honours

Real Madrid
* Supercopa de España: 1997
* UEFA Champions League: 1997–98
Deportivo
* La Liga: 1999–2000