OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Simon Suhler

Simon Suhler (1844–1895) was a private in the United States Army and a recipient of America's highest military decoration—the Medal of Honor—for his actions in the Indian Wars of the western United States.

## Biography

Suhler enlisted in the 32nd Indiana Regiment (known unofficially as the First Indiana German Regiment) at the outset of the Civil War. The 32nd spoke German and were headed by former Prussian officer August Willich. After his capture and wounding at Shiloh and being furloughed back, he deserted from this unit and served under the name of Simon Neustadle, honorably, the remainder of the Civil War in the 11th Heavy Artillery. He also later served in the 4th New York Heavy Artillery.
After the war he joined the 8th Cavalry Regiment under the assumed name Charles Gardner, where he earned the Medal of Honor fighting the Apaches in Arizona. He was awarded the Medal of Honor at the rank of private. After 12 years in the 8th Cavalry he retired at the rank of sergeant. He was recommended to be promoted to lieutenant but this never took place.
Suhler died in 1895 and was buried at San Antonio National Cemetery, San Antonio, Texas. A corrected monument was placed at his gravesite on Veterans Day in 1988. His grave site can be found in Section I Grave 1610 and the GPS location is (lat/lon): 29.2528, -98.28068.

## Medal of Honor citation

* Rank and organization: Private, Company B, 8th U.S. Cavalry.
* Place and date: Arizona, August to October 1868.
* Entered service at:------.
* Birth: Bavaria.
* Date of issue: July 24, 1869.
Citation:
   Bravery in scouts and actions against Indians.
# Mihran Halt railway station

Mihran Halt railway station (Urdu: مہران ہالٹ ریلوے اسٹیشن) is located in Pakistan.
# Gerson

Gerson may refer to:
Given name:
* Gerson von Bleichröder (1822–1893), Jewish German banker
* Gérson Caçapa (born 1967), Brazilian former footballer
* Gerson Goldhaber (1924–2010), German-born American particle physicist and astrophysicist
* Gerson Guimarães Júnior, (born 1992), Brazilian footballer
* Gérson Magrão (born 1985), Brazilian footballer
* Gerson Mayen (born 1989), Salvadoran-American footballer
* Gérson or Gérson de Oliveira Nunes (born 1941), Brazilian footballer
* Gerson Rosenzweig (1861–1914), writer and poet
* Gerson (footballer, born 1997) (Gerson Santos da Silva), Brazilian footballer
* Gérson dos Santos (1922–2002), Brazilian footballer and manager
* Gerson dos Santos (footballer, born 1982) (Gerson Pereira dos Santos Filho), Brazilian footballer
* Gérson da Silva (1965–1994), Brazilian footballer
* Gerson Victalino (1959–2020), Brazilian Olympic basketball player
Surname:
* Dora Gerson (1899–1943), German Jewish actress and cabaret singer killed at Auschwitz
* Felix N. Gerson (1862–1945), American newspaper editor
* Georg Hartog Gerson (1788–1844), German surgeon in the King’s German Legion during the Napoleonic Wars
* Horst Gerson (1907–1978) was a German-Dutch art historian.
* Jean Gerson (1363–1429), French scholar and theologian
* John Gerson, deputy head of MI6
* José Gerson Ramos (born 1981), Brazilian footballer also known as simply Gérson
* Marlene Gerson (born 1940), South African tennis player
* Max Gerson (1881–1959), German physician, known for Gerson therapy, an alternative therapy for cancer and chronic diseases
* Michael Gerson (1964–2022), newspaper columnist and former speechwriter and adviser to US President George W. Bush
* Noel Gerson (1913–1988), American author
* Victor Gerson, French resistance in World War II
* Wojciech Gerson (1831–1901), Polish painter and academic
# Urdu Daira Maarif Islamiya

Urdu Daira Maarif Islamiya or Urdu Encyclopaedia of Islam (Urdu: اردو دائرہ معارف اسلامیہ) is the largest Islamic encyclopedia published in Urdu by University of the Punjab. Originally it is a translated, expanded and revised version of Encyclopedia of Islam. Its composition began in the 1950s at University of the Punjab. Its completion was delayed due to various reasons including political unrest, death of the main editor, financial crisis. In 1989, a total of 23 volumes were completed.

## History

The Urdu Encyclopaedia of Islam is the project of translating the Encyclopedia of Islam into Urdu. It was started in the 1950s at University of the Punjab, as a project led by Muhammad Shafi. The editorial board worked on translating the Leiden Encyclopaedia into Urdu, amending, correcting, and adding to the Leiden text themselves. The original plan for publication, as laid out by Shafi and others, was for the Encyclopaedia (which was to be entitled Urdu Da’ira Ma’arif-i-Islamiya) to span between 20 and 22 volumes, with roughly a hundred illustrations per volume, published at a rate of four volumes per year. At the time of Shafi's death in 1963, one volume of the encyclopaedia had been published (in February 1954), and a second volume was in press. Because of Shafi's death, and lack of funding, work on the Encyclopaedia stalled until 1971, when a grant from the Asia Foundation enabled it to resume. Volumes 10 and 12 were completed by 1973. By 1985, 21 out of a planned 25 volumes had been published.

## Editorial board

The first fifteen-members of Majlis-e Intizamiyy, lays down the publication policy and decides on the financial structure. Due to the political unrest, some members of the delegation changed frequently. The committee appointed five members from among them as the editorial board called Idare-i Tahrir (Standing Committee of the Editorial Board). A representative body called the Foreign Editorial Board was also formed to support encyclopedias among scholars outside the Pakistan. After thirteen years of Muhammad Shafi's presidency, Syed Muhammad Abdullah took over the presidency.
# Richard Taylor (Medal of Honor)

Richard Taylor (c. 1834–1890) was a Union Army soldier during the American Civil War. He received the Medal of Honor for gallantry during the Battle of Cedar Creek fought near Middletown, Virginia on October 19, 1864. The battle was the decisive engagement of Major General Philip Sheridan's Valley Campaigns of 1864 and was the largest battle fought in the Shenandoah Valley.
Taylor joined the Army from Indiana in August 1861, and mustered out with his regiment in August 1865.

## Medal of Honor citation

"The President of the United States of America, in the name of Congress, takes pleasure in presenting the Medal of Honor to Private Richard Taylor, United States Army, for extraordinary heroism on 19 October 1864, while serving with Company E, 18th Indiana Infantry, in action at Cedar Creek, Virginia, for capture of flag."
# Vladimir Semenets

Vladimir Ivanovich Semenets (Russian: Владимир Иванович Семенец; born 9 January 1950) is a retired Soviet cyclist. He won a gold medal in the 2000 m tandem sprint at the 1972 Summer Olympics, riding with Igor Tselovalnikov. In the following five years he won three silver and one bronze medals in the tandem sprint at world championships.
He was born in Russia but then moved to Ukraine and graduated from the Institute of Physical Education in Kyiv. Since 1973 he lives in Saint Petersburg and works as a cycling coach and lector at the Lesgaft University of Physical Education. He was awarded the Order of the Badge of Honour.
# Richard Thatcher

Richard Thatcher (March 23, 1846 – November 28, 1909) was an American educator, and Civil War veteran. He was a school administrator in Kansas and Oklahoma, hotel operator and the first President of Territorial Normal School, now the University of Central Oklahoma.

## Early life

Richard Thatcher was born on March 23, 1846, in Alton, Illinois. His father, John Wesley Thatcher was a reverend. At the age of 15 he left to join the Union Army as a member of the 111th Illinois Volunteer Infantry Regiment. He was captured on July 22, 1864, and sent to the notorious Andersonville Prison, where he began to have chronic respiratory issues. He was later released during a prisoner exchange. After the war he attended McKendree College in Lebanon, Illinois, and graduated in 1878.

## Academic career

Thatcher would be a superintendent in Kansas, before moving to Edmond, Oklahoma, in 1890. He operated the Central Hotel until 1891 when he became the first president of Territorial Normal School. He would hold that post until 1893. He would become principal of Edmond Schools from 1894 to 1895. UCO would later name Thatcher Hall in his honor.

## Personal life

Thatcher married Melissa D. DeFord a native of Ashley, Illinois. They had five children, four daughters of whom survived infancy, Edna, Mae, Blanche, and Ethel.
Thatcher was also a Freemason, reaching the 33rd degree, and was the second master of the Edmond Lodge.

## Death

Thatcher died on November 28, 1909, in Edmond, Oklahoma from complications from tuberculosis. He was 63 years old.
# Canadian Parliamentary Press Gallery

The Canadian Parliamentary Press Gallery (French: Tribune de la presse parlementaire) is an association established to oversee rules and responsibilities of Canadian journalists when at Parliament Hill. The organization was formed in 1866 by Thomas White. During the early years of the association, the members were associated with political parties. Membership of the gallery is determined by the association, but, the final decision lies with the Speaker of the House of Commons. The headquarters of the organization is the National Press Building at 150 Wellington Street. Before Hansard was introduced in 1875, records were dependent upon the newspapers of the time.
Each province of Canada also has its own press gallery.

## Related links

* Press gallery
* Media in Canada
* List of Canadian journalists
# Wilson Vance

Wilson J. Vance (December 20, 1845, Findlay, Ohio – November 10, 1911, Chattanooga, Tennessee) was an American soldier who fought for the Union Army during the American Civil War, an author, a journalist and an editor. He received the Medal of Honor for valor.

## Civil War service

Vance served in the American Civil War in the 21st Ohio Infantry as a private, enlisting in 1861. He received the Medal of Honor on September 17, 1897, for his actions on January 3, 1863, at the Battle of Stones River. He was commissioned as a second lieutenant, becoming the youngest commissioned officer in the Army of the Cumberland. He commanded a company at the Battle of Chickamauga while not yet 18 and remained in the army to the end of the war.

### Medal of Honor citation

Rank and organization: Private, Company B, 21st Ohio Infantry. Place and date: At Murfreesboro, TN., 31 December 1862. Entered service at:------. Birth: Ohio. Date of Issue: 17 September 1897.
Citation:
   Voluntarily and under a heavy fire, while his command was falling back, rescued a wounded and helpless comrade from death or capture.

## Post-war

He attended Harvard Law School and practiced for a year or two, but switched to journalism. He became the managing editor of the Ohio State Journal in 1870, the Indianapolis Journal in 1873, and The New York Advertiser for two years after moving to New York in 1892. He also served as Washington correspondent for various publications. In 1904, he became the editor of The Square Deal.
He is the father of author Louis Joseph Vance.
He died of heart disease in Chattanooga, Tennessee, while attending a reunion of the Army of the Cumberland.
# William Miller Wallace

William Miller Wallace (January 9, 1844 – November 5, 1924) was a brigadier general in the United States Army.
He was born in Prairie du Chien, Wisconsin. Wallace married Alice Knight on January 18, 1871. He died in San Francisco, and is buried with Alice at Arlington National Cemetery.

## Career

Wallace originally joined the Union Army during the American Civil War. Following the war he was assigned to the 8th Infantry Regiment. Later assignments included the 6th Cavalry Regiment and the 2nd Armored Cavalry Regiment. His retirement was effective as of October 2, 1906.
# Nikolay Vikhor

Nikolay Vikhor (Russian: Николай Вихор; born March 10, 1954, in Moscow) is a retired male discus thrower. He represented the Soviet Union at the 1976 Summer Olympics in Montreal, where he ended up in 21st place in the overall-rankings. Vikhor is best known for winning the gold medal in the men's discus event at the 1977 Summer Universiade in Sofia, Bulgaria.
# Chécatica River

The Chécatica River (French: Rivière Chécatica) is a salmon river in the Côte-Nord region of Quebec, Canada. It empties into the Gulf of Saint Lawrence.

## Location

The Chécatica River is about 30 kilometres (19 mi) long, and runs from north to south. In some sections it widens into lakes, including Lake Chécatica. It enters Jacques-Cartier Bay on the Saint Lawrence about 80 kilometres (50 mi) west of Blanc-Sablon. The bay is a waterbody with an irregular outline, containing many points, inlets and islands. Chécatica Island is at the entrance to the bay. Along the coast to the west, near one of the inlets, there is a small hamlet named Shekatika. The mouth of the Chécatica River is in the municipality of Saint-Augustin in Le Golfe-du-Saint-Laurent Regional County Municipality.

## Name

The Innu call the river Netshikatikau Hipis or Netsheskatakau Shipis. According to Father Georges Lemoine the name comes from shikatikau and means there are bushes beside the water. Variants include Ouescatacou and Ouescatacouau. On his first voyage in 1534 Jacques Cartier went by shallop to Chécatica, which he called Port de Jacques-Cartier. He found indigenous people in quite large numbers.

## Basin

The river basin covers 193 square kilometres (75 sq mi). It lies between the basins of the Coxipi River to the west and the Napetipi River to the east. It is partly in the unorganized territory of Petit-Mécatina and partly in the municipality of Saint-Augustin.
A map of the ecological regions of Quebec shows the river in sub-regions 6o-T, 6n-T and 6m-T of the east spruce/moss subdomain. In 2002 the northern part of the river, to the east of Lake Tooker, was in territory that was seriously affected by hemlock looper moths (Lambdina fiscellaria). The river is recognized as an Atlantic salmon river. There are also brook trout in the river.
# Syed Essa Noori

Syed Essa Noori (Urdu: سید عیسیٰ نوری; born 1 January 1953) is a Pakistani politician who was a member of the National Assembly of Pakistan, from August 2013 to May 2018.

## Early life

He was born on 1 January 1953.

## Political career

He was elected to the National Assembly of Pakistan as a candidate of Balochistan National Party (Mengal) (BNP-M) from Constituency NA-272 (Kech-cum-Gwadar) in by-election held in August 2013. He received 15,835 votes and defeated Muhammad Yasin Baloch, a candidate of National Party.
# Bill Fitzgerald

Bill Fitzgerald may refer to:
* Bill Fitzgerald (hurler) (1892–1983), Irish hurler
* William Charles Fitzgerald (1938–1967), United States Navy officer
* William B. Fitzgerald Jr. (1942–2008), American attorney and politician in Michigan
* Bill Fitzgerald (Home and Away), a character in the Australian TV series Home and Away
* Billy Fitzgerald, Canadian field lacrosse player
# Curcuris

Curcuris (Sardinian: Crucùris) is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Oristano in the Italian region Sardinia, located about 60 kilometres (37 mi) northwest of Cagliari and about 25 kilometres (16 mi) southeast of Oristano.
Curcuris borders the following municipalities: Ales, Gonnosnò, Morgongiori, Pompu, Simala.
# Stella, Liguria

Stella (Ligurian: A Steja; translates literally as The Star) is a comune of the Province of Savona in the Italian region Liguria. The municipality has a population of 3,006 (as of 1 January 2018) and extends over an area of 43.68 square kilometres (16.86 sq mi). It borders the comuni of Albisola Superiore, Celle Ligure, Pontinvrea, Sassello and Varazze.

## Frazioni

The commune is divided into five distinct localities, or frazioni, known locally as the cinque stelle, or "five stars."
Stella San Giovanni, some ten minutes by car from the sea and adjacent to Albisola, is the site of the town hall. Sandro Pertini, seventh President of the Italian Republic was born here and is buried in its cemetery.
Stella San Giustina, five minutes by car to the north of San Giovanni and about 15 from the sea, is located in an area rich in woodland. Its original name was Danaveta and in the Middle Ages it was a possession of the Abbey of Santa Giustina, Sezzadio. A landmark is the eighteenth-century chimney which belonged to a tannery which was destroyed by a flood in the 1920s.
Stella San Martino, thought to be the earliest of the settlements, stands on a hill to the east of San Giovanni. The houses and the parish church bear characteristic sundials.
Stella San Bernardo is the westernmost of the frazioni. The surrounding wooded mountains, rich in streams, and the panoramic views which it affords, make it popular centre for holiday makers.
Stella Gameragna is the southernmost of the frazioni and the closest to the sea. Its historic centre is characterised by narrow lanes.
# Alisar Halt railway station

Alisar Halt railway station (Urdu: علیسر ہالٹ ریلوے اسٹیشن) is located in Pakistan.
# The American Monomyth

The American Monomyth is a 1977 book by Robert Jewett and John Shelton Lawrence arguing for the existence and cultural importance of an 'American Monomyth', a variation on the classical monomyth as proposed by Joseph Campbell.
Campbell's monomyth describes a hero's journey: a hero ventures from the normal world into a supernatural one, winning a decisive victory there and returning with a 'boon'. In contrast, Jewett and Lawrence define the American monomyth as:
   A community in a harmonious paradise is threatened by evil; normal institutions fail to contend with this threat; a selfless superhero emerges to renounce temptations and carry out the redemptive task; aided by fate, his decisive victory restores the community to its paradisiacal condition; the superhero then recedes into obscurity.
In their 2002 book The Myth of the American Superhero (with Lawrence as first author) and their 2003 book Captain America And The Crusade Against Evil: The Dilemma Of Zealous Nationalism (with Jewett as first author), the authors extend the thesis by using examples from both American popular culture and the American religious tradition.
The American Monomyth posits a level of cultural belief in American society that helps to explain the desire in American government to "save" the world.
# Democracy in Deficit

Democracy in Deficit: The Political Legacy of Lord Keynes is a book by American economists James M. Buchanan and Richard E. Wagner originally published in 1977.

## Contents

The book consists of 12 chapters:
* What Hath Keynes Wrought?
* The Old-Time Fiscal Religion
* First, the Academic Scribblers
* The Spread of the New Gospel
* Assessing the Damages
* The Presuppositions of Harvey Road
* Keynesian Economics in Democratic Politics
* Money-Financed Deficits and Political Democracy
* Institutional Constraints and Political Choice
* Alternative Budgetary Rules
* What about Full Employment?
* A Return to Fiscal Principle
# Torre Cabrera (Pozzallo)

The Torre Cabrera (Sicilian: Turri Cabrera) is an imposing "palacium" which combined the function of a noble residence with that of a control point for grain and goods, built in the 15th century. Today, it is in good condition and it is open to the public as a museum.

## History

In the 15th century, the site of Pozzallo had natural springs known as "Pozzofeto" and "Senia", which were marked on nautical charts and were well known among sailors. The "palacium" was built in the early fifteenth century in Sicilian Gothic style at the behest of the Count of Modica Giovanni Bernardo Cabrera, a member of one of the most illustrious Catalan families, the Viscounts Cabrera and Bas and the Counts of Osona, who supported and financed the Spanish sovereigns in reconquest of Sicily and received in exchange the county of Modica confiscated from the Chiaramonte rebels. It took its name from him “Torre di Cabrera”.
The tower became an impressive structure and it had great military importance, since it was used to defend Pozzallo from attacks by pirates. The tower was garrisoned by soldiers and gunners, and guns of different calibers were placed on its terraces. Captured pirates or other criminals were executed at the tower by being placed in a room on the rocks and being drowned by the high tide. On the main floor, characterized by imposing cross vaults, is the Count's residence, the sculpted coats of arms depicting the coat of arms of the noble Catalan Cabrera family stand out (House of Cabrera).
The village of Pozzallo first began to develop around the tower during the 18th century. It was initially a community of a few hundred people, including soldiers and fishermen, but it eventually grew to a town.
Today, the tower is in good condition, and it is now open to the public as the Museo della torre Cabrera. The building is a national monument, and it is depicted on the coat of arms of Pozzallo. Some of its windows have been rebuilt in their original style.
The Tower is a structure with a square plan, 20 meters on each side and 28 meters in height. It consists of three floors and a basement. The main floor is characterized by rooms with imposing Gothic ribbed vaults with carved keystones and elegant three-light windows. On the outside it preserves the sixteenth-century escarpment bastion, which juts out into the sea with the imposing terrace, equipped with the troniere for the maneuvering of the artillery pieces required by the needs of the defensive system of Sicily in the Mediterranean. The structure is very impressive, measuring 20 meters per side and 28 m high.
# Ganokh

Ganokh, (Wylie: ga nog) locally called Ganishah, is a village in the Kharmang District of Baltistan, Pakistan, close to the Line of Control with Indian-administered Ladakh. It is populated by Brokpas professing Shia Islam.

## Geography

The village of Ganokh consists of two census settlements, Gamba Ganokh and Goma Ganokh. Both lie in the valley of the Ganokh Nala, a tributary of the Indus River. The Line of Control (LOC) with Indian-administered Kashmir (Ladakh) run south of the valley, about 2 kilometres (1.2 mi) along the Indus, on a ridge line that forms the watershed between the Ganokh Nala and the Ghargurdo and Yaldor Nalas on the other. It continues on to the Chorbat La pass.

## Demographics

Ganokh is populated by Brokpas professing Shia Islam. According to a 2022 news report, it is the only village in Pakistan where the Brokskat language is spoken.

## History

Historically, Ganokh and the adjacent regions were populated by Brokpa people. Folklore maintains that they arrived there from the Gilgit region through the Gavis valley (to the north of the Ganokh valley) and colonised Ganokh, Yaldor, and Hanu before spreading to Dha. Their chieftains wielded significant autonomy in the region, pledging nominal allegiance to the Maqpon rulers of Skardu.
However, things changed in the seventeenth century when Jamyang Namgyal of Ladakh faced a conflict with Ali Sher Khan Anchan of Skardu and had to accept Gurgurdho as a boundary between their territories. Consequently, Ganokh was integrated into Baltistan and became influenced by Shia Islam. Nevertheless, the local Brokpas continued to maintain marital relations with their ethnic kin in the Dah Hanu region of Ladakh; cross-border trade also occurred, with the village serving as a tax collection post.
Family connections ceased when the latter accepted Buddhism in c. late nineteenth century. In the aftermath of the First Kashmir War (1947–1948), Ganokh fell in Pakistan and became permanently inaccessible for Dah-Hanu Brokpas. During the 1999 Kargil War, the Ganokh valley provided a key infiltration route for Pakistani forces, through which they accessed the Dah-Hanu region. The ensuing shelling and fighting caused much loss of life and property in Ganokh; many had to be evacuated and remain internally displaced even two decades after the war.

## See Also

* Chulichan
* Garkon
* Dha
* Darchik
* Hanoo