OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Ortam

Ortam (Turkish: Setting) was a weekly political magazine in Istanbul, Turkey, between April and November 1971. Founded immediately after the military coup on 12 March 1971 the magazine was one of the oppositional publications in the country. The editors and contributors of the magazine included many significant Turkish journalists, including Mümtaz Soysal, Muammer Aksoy and Uğur Mumcu among others.

## History and profile

Ortam was established by Kemal Bisalman and first published in April 1971. The headquarters of the magazine was in Cağaloğlu, Istanbul. The magazine was published by Vatan Publishing company on a weekly basis on Saturdays. The founding editor-in-chief was Mümtaz Soysal. He was arrested by the military authorities after the publication of the second issue, and Ortam did not appear until June 1971 when it was published under the editorship of Muammer Aksoy. He was also arrested following the tenth issue of Ortam. After this the post of editor-in-chief was not mentioned in the masthead of the magazine.
Three influential Turkish journalists, namely Uğur Mumcu, Aydın Engin and Osman Ulagay, started their journalistic career in Ortam. Uğur Mumcu served as the bureau chief of the magazine in Ankara. İlhami Soysal, Nimet Arzık, Refik Erduran, Hıfzı Veldet Velidedeoğlu and Ali Sirmen were other contributors of the magazine.
In November 1971 from the nineteenth issue the magazine was renamed Yeni Ortam (Turkish: New Setting) and produced four issues under this title before ceasing publication on 29 November 1971. During its lifetime the magazine sold nearly 35,000 copies. The founder, Kemal Bisalman, launched a daily newspaper with the same name which was first published on 11 September 1972.
# Owen L. W. Smith

Owen Lun West Smith (May 18, 1851 – January 5, 1926) was an African American minister and diplomat of the United States.

## Biography

Smith was born into slavery in Giddensville, Sampson County, North Carolina, on May 18, 1851. At the start of the Civil War, he would follow the Confederate army while serving as a personal servant. Later on, however, he would enlist in the Union Army and go on to fight in the Battle of Bentonville.
After becoming a freedman, Smith worked as a teacher before getting a scholarship to attend the University of South Carolina from 1874 to 1876.
In 1880 Smith would convert to the African Methodist Episcopal Zion Church, while attending a camp in Whiteville, North Carolina; later on, by 1881, he would attain a preacher's license and was ordained as a local deacon. Following his conversion, he would go on to receive an honorary Doctor of Divinity degree from Livingstone College in 1883.
After having been appointed on February 11, 1898, Smith would go on to serve as the Minister Resident of the United States to Liberia between May 11, 1898, and May 13, 1902.
Smith died on January 5, 1926, in Wilson, North Carolina, where he was later buried.
# Mitzpe Yair

Mitzpe Yair (Hebrew: מצפה יאיר, lit. 'Yair Lookout') is an unauthorized Israeli settlement in the West Bank. Located two kilometres south-east of Susya, it falls under the jurisdiction of Har Hebron Regional Council. It consists of 15 prefabricated structures, and is home for several families.

## History

Mitzpe Yair was established by Meir Am-Shalem in October 1998, and, according to Gideon Levy, was a price tag operation set up as Magen David Farm in retribution for the murder of a Susya settler, Yair Har-Sinai, after whom it was subsequently renamed.

## Legal status

Mitzpe Yair is an unauthorized settlement that is regarded as illegal by the Israeli regional administration. In 2007 Peace Now revealed that a police superintendent was residing there despite its illegal status. The officer was ordered to evacuate his house by July that year.
The international community considers all Israeli settlements in the West Bank illegal under international law, but the Israeli government disputes this in regard to those settlements who do have state authorization.
A vineyard in a wadi, planted on privately owned Palestinian land, and run by Elad Movshoviz, produces 7,000 bottles per annum. A legal case on the ownership of the area was, as of 2012, pending before the Israeli High Court of Justice.
# Handarap Lake

Handarap Lake (Urdu: ہندارپ جھیل, Khowar:شونجو چھت) is a high altitude water reservoir situated in the Shandur Valley in Gupis-Yasin District, the westernmost part of the Gilgit-Baltistan, the northernmost part of Pakistan. The lake is an important source of fresh water and also a tourist attraction. It houses trout originating in the rivers.

## Location

Handarap Lake is located in Handarap Nallah, in the Handarap Valley or other valleys of Tehsil Phander Ghizer District, in Gilgit-Baltistan, Pakistan. Its estimated elevation is 3285 metres or 10777.6 ft above sea level. The lake is reached by taking the Karakoram Highway from Islamabad to Gilgit, then continuing west on the Gilgit-Chitral road towards Shandur. The final leg of the journey is a four-hour hike from the village of Handarp Valley, where lodging is available. Now from valley to Lake the Jeepable Road is constructing, this road would be better for the Tourist, they could travel by Van, Bike, and by bicycles also.
Handarap Lake is surrounded by snow-covered mountains in a variety of shapes including conical and cylindrical.
# William L. S. Tabor

Private William L. S. Tabor (June 2, 1843 – December 15, 1921) was an American soldier who fought in the American Civil War. Tabor received his country's highest award for bravery during combat, the Medal of Honor, for his action in the Siege of Port Hudson in Port Hudson, Louisiana, in July 1863. He was honored with the award on 10 March 1896.

## Biography

Tabor was born in Metheun, Massachusetts, on June 2, 1843. He enlisted into the 15th New Hampshire Infantry's K Company. He died on December 15, 1921, and he is buried in East Derry, New Hampshire.

## Medal of Honor citation

   Citation: Voluntarily exposed himself to the enemy only a few feet away to render valuable services for the protection of his comrades.
# Bergeggi

Bergeggi (Ligurian: Berzezzi) is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Savona in the Italian region Liguria, located about 90 kilometres (56 mi) southwest of Genoa and about 10 kilometres (6 mi) southwest of Savona.
# Sugash

Sugash (Russian: Сугаш; Altay: Сугаш, Sugaş) is a rural locality (a selo) in Ust-Koksinsky District, the Altai Republic, Russia. The population was 521 as of 2016. There are 10 streets.

## Geography

Sugash is located 68 km northwest of Ust-Koksa (the district's administrative centre) by road. Talda is the nearest rural locality.
# William P. Thompson

William P. Thompson (January 11, 1844 – October 7, 1864) was a sergeant in the American Civil War and a recipient of the Medal of Honor for action at Battle of the Wilderness during which he was killed on May 6, 1864 with an award being issued to him on December 1, 1864. He was buried at Greenbush Cemetery, Lafayette, Indiana.
# Andrew Traynor

Andrew Traynor (February 9, 1843 – July 6, 1920) was an American soldier who fought in the American Civil War. Traynor received the Medal of Honor for his action in Mason's Hill, Virginia, on March 16, 1864.

## Biography

Traynor was born in Newark, New Jersey, on February 9, 1843. He enlisted into the 1st Michigan Cavalry's Company D at the age of 18 in 1861. He received the Medal of Honor on September 28, 1897, for helping his fellow prisoners escape from their captors. In 1864, the Union had several cavalry brigades push down to the James River. On March 16, under orders from his commanding officer, Traynor and another soldier were scouting in thick forests near Mason's Hill, which was used by 1st Virginia Cavalry as an outpost as well as a signalling post. They were suddenly ambushed by four heavily armed guerrillas, who took them to another group of captured prisoners.
In Deeds of Valor (p. 309), Traynor recounts of the action that resulted in his awarding of the Medal of Honor:
"Here it was that I communicated my intention to escape, telling my companions to watch me closely and keep by my side. Selecting an opportune moment, I sprang at the two guards, and, before they could fire their guns or otherwise give a signal, I was engaged in a sharp struggle with both. They were able bodies and well-armed men, but my attack had been so sudden and well directed that almost in an instant I had both of their guns and had handed one to the civilian, who had kept right at my elbow.
Just then the other two guerrillas returned hastily and before they could realize the situation, the civilian and I both fired, each one dropping a man. At this moment, the two disarmed guerrillas made their escape in one direction, while my five companions and myself made our escape in an opposite direction."
After escaping the guerrillas, Traynor and another prisoner were soon spotted by other guerrillas in the area and were pursued until they finally reached Union positions. He was awarded the Medal of Honor thirty-three years later on September 28, 1897. Traynor later moved to Omaha, Nebraska and died there on July 6, 1920.

## Medal of Honor citation

   Citation: Having been surprised and captured by a detachment of guerrillas, this soldier, with other prisoners, seized the arms of the guard over them, killed 2 of the guerrillas, and enabled all the prisoners to escape.
# Sweet chestnut of Ovacık village

Sweet chestnut of Ovacık village (Turkish: Ovacık Köyü Anadolu Kestanesi) is a very old chestnut tree in İzmir Province, western Turkey. It is a registered natural monument of the country.
The chestnut tree is located at Ovacık Highland close to Ovacık village in Kemalpaşa district of İzmir Province. It is a sweet chestnut (Castanea sativa). The tree is 18 m (59 ft) high, has a circumference of 8.70 m (28.5 ft) at 2.80 m (9.2 ft) diameter. Its age is dated to be about 500 years old.
The tree was registered a natural monument on February 21, 1995. The protected area of the plant covers 2,500 m$^2$ (27,000 sq ft).
# Javeria Khan

Javeria Khan (Urdu: جویریہ خان) (born 14 May 1988) is a former Pakistani cricketer who played as an all-rounder, batting right-handed and bowling right-arm off break. She played international cricket for Pakistan from 2008 and announced her retirement in 2024. She has also played domestic cricket for Karachi and Zarai Taraqiati Bank Limited. On 21 March 2024, she announced her retirement from international cricket.

## International career

Javeria made her one-day debut against Sri Lanka on 6 May 2008. In October 2018, she was named in Pakistan's squad for the 2018 ICC Women's World Twenty20 tournament in the West Indies. Later the same month, she was named as the captain of the side, after Bismah Maroof stepped down from the role. Ahead of the tournament, she was named as one of the players to watch. She was the leading run-scorer for Pakistan in the tournament, with 136 runs in four matches.
In September 2010, Javeria was selected to play in the 2010 Asian Games in China. In November 2019, during the series against Bangladesh, she became the third female cricketer for Pakistan to play in 100 WODIs. In January 2020, she was named in Pakistan's squad for the 2020 ICC Women's T20 World Cup in Australia. She was the leading run-scorer for Pakistan in the tournament, with 82 runs in four matches.
In December 2020, Khan was named the captain of Pakistan's squad for their tour to South Africa, after Bismah Maroof withdrew from the tour due to family reasons. Later the same month, she was shortlisted as one of the Women's Cricketer of the Year for the 2020 PCB Awards. In October 2021, she was named as the captain of Pakistan's team for the 2021 Women's Cricket World Cup Qualifier tournament in Zimbabwe. In January 2022, she was named in Pakistan's team for the 2022 Women's Cricket World Cup in New Zealand.
# William Haliday Williams

William Haliday Williams (December 13, 1845 – September 1, 1916) was an American soldier who fought in the American Civil War. Williams received his country's highest award for bravery during combat, the Medal of Honor. Williams's medal was won for his heroism at the Battle of Peachtree Creek in Georgia on July 20, 1864. He was honored with the award on June 19, 1894.
Williams moved to Colfax County in Nebraska after the war and worked as a brick layer, police officer and postal worker. In 1904 he was sent a newer version of the Medal of Honor without explanation. In 1912 Williams was featured as a rural mail carrier on the 4-cent U.S. Parcel Post stamp. He died in Colfax County, Nebraska, in 1916.

## Medal of Honor citation

   The President of the United States of America, in the name of Congress, takes pleasure in presenting the Medal of Honor to Private William Haliday Williams, United States Army, for extraordinary heroism on 20 July 1864, while serving with Company C, 82d Ohio Infantry, in action at Peach Tree Creek, Georgia. Private Williams voluntarily went beyond the lines to observe the enemy; also aided a wounded comrade.
# Werner Attinger

Werner Attinger is a former Swiss curler. He played second position on the Swiss rink that won the 1984 European Curling Championships and a silver medal at the 1984 World Men's Championship.

## Teams

| Season | Skip | Third | Second | Lead | Alternate | Coach | Events |
| 1983–84 | Peter Attinger Jr. | Bernhard Attinger | Werner Attinger | Kurt Attinger | | | SMCC 1984 WCC 1984 |
| 1984–85 | Peter Attinger Jr. | Bernhard Attinger | Werner Attinger | Kurt Attinger | | | ECC 1984 |
| 1986–87 | Peter Attinger Jr. | Werner Attinger | Martin Zürrer | Kurt Attinger | | | SMCC 1987 |
| 1988–89 | Bernhard Attinger | Werner Attinger | Martin Zürrer | Marcel Senn | | | ECC 1988 SMCC 1989 |
| 1989–90 | Bernhard Attinger | Werner Attinger | Martin Zürrer | Marcel Senn | | | SMCC 1990 |
| 1991–92 | Bernhard Attinger | Peter Attinger Jr. | Werner Attinger | Thomas Grendelmeier | | | SMCC 1992 |
| 1995–96 | Felix Luchsinger | Werner Attinger | Markus Foitek | Markus Luchsinger | | | SMCC 1996 |
| 1996–97 | Felix Luchsinger | Werner Attinger | Markus Foitek | Markus Luchsinger | Thomas Grendelmeier | Frédéric Jean | ECC 1996 |
| 1997–98 | Felix Luchsinger | Werner Attinger | Andreas Schwaller | Thomas Grendelmeier | | | SMCC 1998 |
| 1998–99 | Felix Luchsinger | Werner Attinger | Thomas Grendelmeier | Markus Luchsinger | Markus Foitek | Frédéric Jean | ECC 1998 (5th) |
| 2000–01 | Werner Attinger | Sacha Knobel | Markus Arnold | Thomas Kuhn | Christian Moser | | SMCC 2001 |
| 2012–13 | Werner Attinger | Peter Attinger Jr. | Ronny Müller | Tony Knobel | Bernhard Attinger (WSCC) | | SSCC 2013 WSCC 2013 |
| 2014–15 | Werner Attinger | Peter Attinger Jr. | Ronny Müller | Tony Knobel | | | SSCC 2015 |
| 2015–16 | Werner Attinger | Peter Attinger Jr. | Ronny Müller | Tony Knobel | | | SSCC 2016 |
| 2016–17 | Werner Attinger | Peter Attinger Jr. | Ronald Müller | Marc Brügger | Tony Knobel | | SSCC 2017 |

## Private life

Werner Attinger grew up in a family of curlers. His father Peter Attinger Sr. is a 1972 Swiss men's champion. His brothers - Peter Jr., Bernhard, Ruedi and Kurt - are curlers too, they won Swiss and European championships and Worlds medals when they played in Peter Jr.'s team. His nephew (Peter Jr.'s son) Felix is skip of team, he won Swiss men's silver in 2017 and bronze in 2016; Peter Jr. coached his team. Bernhard's daughter Sandra Ramstein-Attinger is a competitive curler too, she played on three Women's Worlds with teams skipped by Silvana Tirinzoni and Binia Feltscher-Beeli.
# Karaagash

Karaagash (Russian: Караагаш) is a rural locality (a settlement) in Akhmatovsky Selsoviet, Narimanovsky District, Astrakhan Oblast, Russia. The population was 239 as of 2010. There are 10 streets.

## Geography

It is located on the Volga River, 66 km south of Narimanov (the district's administrative centre) by road. Tinaki 2-ye is the nearest rural locality.
# Ruedi Attinger

Ruedi Attinger is a former Swiss curler. He played lead position on the Swiss rink that won two 1976 European Curling Championships and a silver medal at the 1979 World Men's Championship.

## Teams

| Season | Skip | Third | Second | Lead | Events |
| 1973–74 | Bernhard Attinger | Kurt Attinger | Ruedi Attinger | Louis Keller | SJCC 1974 WJCC 1974 (unofficial) |
| 1976–77 | Peter Attinger Jr. | Bernhard Attinger | Mattias Neuenschwander | Ruedi Attinger | ECC 1976 |
| 1977–78 | Peter Attinger Jr. | Bernhard Attinger | Mattias Neuenschwander | Ruedi Attinger | SMCC 1978 |
| 1978–79 | Peter Attinger Jr. | Bernhard Attinger | Mattias Neuenschwander | Ruedi Attinger | SMCC 1979 WCC 1979 |
| 1980–81 | Peter Attinger Jr. | Bernhard Attinger | Mattias Neuenschwander | Ruedi Attinger | SMCC 1981 |
| 1981–82 | Peter Attinger Jr. | Bernhard Attinger | Ruedi Attinger | Kurt Attinger | SMCC 1982 |
| 1982–83 | Peter Attinger Jr. | Bernhard Attinger | Ruedi Attinger | Kurt Attinger | SMCC 1983 |

## Private life

Attinger grew up in a family of curlers. His father Peter Sr. is a 1972 Swiss men's champion. His brothers, Peter Jr., Werner, Bernhard and Kurt are curlers too. They won Swiss and European championships and Worlds medals when they played on Peter Jr.'s team. His nephew (Peter Jr.'s son) Felix is a skip of a team that won the Swiss men's silver in 2017 and bronze in 2016; Peter Jr. coached his team. Bernhard's daughter Sandra Ramstein-Attinger is a competitive curler too. She played on three Women's Worlds with teams skipped by Silvana Tirinzoni and Binia Feltscher-Beeli.
# Charles Conrad Abbott

Charles Conrad Abbott (June 4, 1843 – July 27, 1919) was an American archaeologist and naturalist.

## Biography

Abbott was born at Trenton, New Jersey, son of Timothy and Susan (Conrad) Abbott; grandson of Joseph and Anne (Rickey) Abbott, and a descendant of John and Anne (Mauleverer) Abbott, settlers, from England, in New Jersey in 1684. He studied medicine at the University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine. During the American Civil War, he served as a surgeon in the Union Army. He received his M.D. degree from University of Pennsylvania in 1865, but never entered into the practice of the profession.
In 1876, he announced the discovery, later confirmed by other archaeologists, of traces of human presence in the Delaware River Valley dating from the first or "Kansan" ice age, and inferentially from the pre-glacial period when humans are believed to have entered upon the North American continent. However, today the consensus of archaeologists is that most of Abbott's "Trenton Gravel Implements" date from the Middle Woodland period of about A.D. 300–900. From 1876 to 1889, he was assistant curator of the Peabody Museum in Cambridge, Massachusetts, to which he presented a collection of 20,000 archaeological specimens; he freely gave also to other archaeological collections. From 1890 to 1894 he served as the first curator of the University of Pennsylvania's newly organized Department of American Archaeology.
He was a corresponding member of the Boston Society of Natural History, a member of the American Philosophical Society of Philadelphia, and a fellow of the Royal Society of Antiquaries of the North in Copenhagen. In 1919 he died at the age of 76 years in Bristol, Pennsylvania, where he had moved after the burning of his New Jersey home a few years before.

## Writings

His book Primitive Industry: Illustrations of the Hand-work in Stone, Bone, and Clay of the Native Races of the Northern Atlantic Seaboard of America (Salem, 1881) detailed his hypothesis arguing for the presence of pre-glacial man in the Delaware Valley. He was well known as a frequent contributor to the American Naturalist, Science, Nature, Science News, and Popular Science Monthly. He also published many books on outdoor observation, such as A Naturalist's Rambles about Home (1884).
# Bajėniškis

Bajėniškis (formerly Russian: Баіонишки) is a village in Kėdainiai district municipality, in Kaunas County, in central Lithuania. According to the 2011 census, the village had a population of 2 people. It is located 2 kilometres (1.2 mi) from Aristava, on the shore of the Bubliai Reservoir, by the Aukupė rivulet. There is a cemetery.

## Demography

| Year | Pop. | ±% p.a. |
| 1902 | 23 | — |
| 1923 | 9 | −4.37% |
| 1959 | 25 | +2.88% |
| 1970 | 9 | −8.87% |
| Year | Pop. | ±% p.a. |
| 1979 | 12 | +3.25% |
| 1989 | 5 | −8.38% |
| 2001 | 2 | −7.35% |
| 2011 | 2 | +0.00% |
Source: 1902, 1923, 1959 & 1970, 1979, 1989, 2001, 2011 :
# John Christopher Draper

John Christopher Draper (March 31, 1835 – December 20, 1885) was an American chemist and surgeon. He was a son of multidisciplinary scientist John William Draper and a brother of astronomer Henry Draper.

## Life and work

Draper was born at Christiansville (now Chase City, Virginia). His father, John William Draper, was an accomplished doctor, chemist, astronomer, botanist, and professor at New York University. Draper's mother, Antonia Coetana de Paiva Pereira Gardner, was a daughter of the personal physician to the John VI of Portugal and Charlotte of Spain.
In 1850–52 Draper took the arts course, and in 1855–57 the medical course, in New York University, and then studied in Europe. He was professor of natural sciences (1858–60) and of analytical and practical chemistry (1858–71) in New York University, and in 1859 was one of the first instructors of chemistry at the Cooper Union.
On May 31, 1862, he joined S Company, 12th New York Infantry Regiment as an assistant surgeon along with his brother Henry, who joined as a surgeon. They served until October 8, 1862.
From 1863 to 1885 he was professor of physiology and natural history in the College of the City of New York; in 1865–85, professor of chemistry in the medical department of New York University. In 1873 he received the degree of Doctor of Laws from Trinity College. Draper died suddenly, of pneumonia which he caught during a cold winter. He was serving his duties just a few days before death.

## Publications

* Is muscular motion the cause of the production of urea?: being a thesis for the degree of Doctor of Medicine, in the University of New York. Holman & Gray, Printers. 1856.
* A text-book on anatomy, physiology, and hygiene ... Harper & brothers. 1866.
* A text-book on anatomy, physiology, and hygiene for the use of schools and families. Harper and Brothers. 1866.
* Year-Book of Nature and Popular Science For 1872. ISBN 978-1-143-06365-7.
* Coffee and its adulterations. Printed by the New York Printing Co. 1867.
* Draper, John Christopher (1882). A Practical Laboratory Course in Medical Chemistry. ISBN 978-1-144-11323-8.
* A text-book of medical physics: for the use of students and practitioners of medicine. Lea Brothers. 1885.
* A Textbook on anatomy, physiology, and hygiene for the use of schools and colleges. Harper. 1891.