OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Tsarigrad Peak

Tsarigrad Peak (Bulgarian: Връх Цариград, romanized: vrah Tsarigrad, IPA:) is sharp ice-covered peak rising to 1689 m in Imeon Range, Smith Island in the South Shetland Islands, Antarctica. Overlooking Armira Glacier to the southeast.
The peak is named after the 1876 Constantinople Conference (Tsarigrad is the Bulgarian name for Constantinople) of the Great Powers that determined the Bulgarian ethnic borders as of the second half of the 19th century.

## Location

Tsarigrad Peak is located at 63°00′53″S 62°34′42″W﻿ / ﻿63.01472°S 62.57833°W﻿ / -63.01472; -62.57833, which is 2.5 km southwest of the island's summit Mount Foster, 550 m south of Slaveykov Peak and 600 m northeast of Neofit Peak. Bulgarian mapping in 2009.

## Maps

* Chart of South Shetland including Coronation Island, &c. from the exploration of the sloop Dove in the years 1821 and 1822 by George Powell Commander of the same. Scale ca. 1:200000. London: Laurie, 1822.
* L.L. Ivanov. Antarctica: Livingston Island and Greenwich, Robert, Snow and Smith Islands. Scale 1:120000 topographic map. Troyan: Manfred Wörner Foundation, 2010. ISBN 978-954-92032-9-5 (First edition 2009. ISBN 978-954-92032-6-4)
* South Shetland Islands: Smith and Low Islands. Scale 1:150000 topographic map No. 13677. British Antarctic Survey, 2009.
* Antarctic Digital Database (ADD). Scale 1:250000 topographic map of Antarctica. Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research (SCAR). Since 1993, regularly upgraded and updated.
* L.L. Ivanov. Antarctica: Livingston Island and Smith Island. Scale 1:100000 topographic map. Manfred Wörner Foundation, 2017. ISBN 978-619-90008-3-0
# Hermitage of Our Lady of Guadalupe

The Hermitage of Our Lady of Guadalupe (Portuguese: Ermida de Nossa Senhora de Guadalupe), also known as the Chapel of Our Lady of Guadalupe (Portuguese: Capela de Nossa Senhora de Guadalupe) is located between the towns of Budens and Raposeira, in the Municipality of Vila do Bispo, Faro District, in the Algarve region of Portugal. It is particularly well known as a supposed location where the pioneer navigator Prince Henry the Navigator (1394–1460) used to pray. In addition to a chapel, there is a small museum dedicated to Prince Henry.

## History

The chapel is constructed from local sandstone, which is whitewashed. It has a rectangular plan with a single nave supported by buttresses in the Romano-Gothic style. In the main chapel, there is a vault supported by eight columns with capitals adorned with branches, shells, human heads and foliage, which are among the most realistic works of this type in Portugal. Two gargoyles spout rainwater from the sacristy roof through the wall on the south side and over the vestry. Above the doorway is a small rose window. The chapel is one of the rare extant examples of medieval architecture in the Algarve, due to the fact that it survived the 1755 earthquake, and it is the oldest religious building in the region. It was one of the first churches in Portugal to be dedicated to Our Lady of Guadalupe. Considering its relative remoteness, this is a large building, in which it is believed that 400 people could have attended Mass. The chapel was declared a National Monument in 1924.
Based on an architectural style that employs buttresses and presents an austere appearance, the chapel is considered by some likely to have been built by the Knights Templar during the time of King Denis in the second half of the 13th century and only dedicated later to Our Lady of Guadalupe. However, an alternative view is that it was built after the so-called miracle of Our Lady of Guadalupe, which occurred early in the 14th century in Spain. There is evidence of construction in the 15th century because of the use of late-Gothic features reminiscent of the nearby Silves Cathedral, but some commentators consider these to be the result of subsequent alterations rather than indicative of the time of original construction.
The exact connection with Prince Henry the Navigator, known in Portugal as the Infante Dom Henrique, who was the fourth child of King John I of Portugal, is unclear. Henry was instrumental in sending out the first Portuguese navigators to explore the west coast of Africa and look for a direct sea route to India and the Far East. There are many reports of his having prayed at the chapel.
# Vernashen

39°47′38″N 45°21′48″E﻿ / ﻿39.79389°N 45.36333°E﻿ / 39.79389; 45.36333
Vernashen (Armenian: Վերնաշեն) is a village in the Yeghegnadzor Municipality of the Vayots Dzor Province in Armenia. The 13th-century fortress of Proshaberd (also known as Boloraberd) and the Spitakavor Monastery of 1321 are located near Vernashen.

## Toponymy

The village was previously known as Bashkend.

## Gallery

* Nature along the tourist route Vernashen - Spitakavor
* Spitakavor Monastery of 1321 near Vernashen
* Arkazi Surb Khach
* The road through the village towards the Spitakavor monastery
* Surp Hakob church of Vernashen
* Tanahat Monastery
* WWII monument
# Kaleh Ban

Kaleh Ban (Persian: کله بان, also Romanized as Kaleh Bān; also known as Kaleh Bān 2) is a village in Teshkan Rural District, Chegeni District, Dowreh County, Lorestan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 278, in 57 families.
# Lycée Pasteur de São Paulo

Lycée Pasteur de São Paulo (Portuguese: Liceu Pasteur) is a French international school located in Chácara Klabin, in Vila Mariana district of São Paulo. The school serves the levels maternelle (preschool) through lycée (senior high school).
# Sofulu, Agdam

40°08′26″N 46°52′32″E﻿ / ﻿40.14056°N 46.87556°E﻿ / 40.14056; 46.87556
Sofulu (Armenian: Սոֆուլու) is a village in the Agdam Rayon of Azerbaijan.
# Lindy Rama-Ellis

Lindy Rama-Ellis (née Rama, previously Klim) is an Australian-Indonesian model and entrepreneur.

## Early life

Rama-Ellis' mother, Frances Parker, was a school teacher in Arnhem Land when she took a cheap holiday to Bali where she met Anak Agung Oka Rama. Rama-Ellis was born a Balinese princess and grew up in the palace before moving to Tasmania with her mother after her parents divorced when she was three. Rama-Ellis' uncle, Ida Cokorde Pamecutan XI, was the king of Denpasar and she stated that she didn't know she was part of the royal family because she didn't have much contact with her dad after the divorce.
Des, her maternal grandfather became like her father in Australia and often took her fishing and camping. Her stepfather Mike, came into her life when she was five and would often pick her up from dance lessons and school.

## Career

At the age of 20, Rama-Ellis began modeling and walked in high-end fashion shows like Gucci and Chanel. She attended New York fashion week in 2008 representing top Australian designer, Toni Maticevski. Early in her career Rama-Ellis stated that she had a bad body image and dropped down to weigh just 42 kilograms at her lowest.
She is a regular attendee of both Sydney and Melbourne fashion weeks and has been an ambassador for "La Mer" and designed a collection with brand "Mercer + Reid".
Rama-Ellis and Klim co-owned "Milk & Co" skin care. What started out as a men's range of products, Rama-Elis expanded the line to include a range for children.
In 2017, Rama-Ellis launched a fashion label named "Rama Voyage".
In 2020, Rama-Ellis launched "Fig Femme", a wellness brand that encourages open and honest self-care by selling items such as a vulva mask.

## Personal life

At 16, Rama-Ellis started a relationship with a musician who was six years older than her. The couple were together for ten years and lived in London together for four years. After the 2004 Athens Olympics, Rama-Ellis was a model for Myer when she met her future husband, Olympic swimmer Michael Klim on the catwalk. She credits her relationship with Klim for teaching her how to be confident. Rama-Ellis married Michael Klim in 2006 and divorced in 2016. The couple have two daughters and a son together and spent much of their relationship living between Bali and Melbourne.
Two years after her divorce from Klim in August 2018, Rama-Ellis remarried with British property developer Adam Ellis and the pair welcomed a daughter in December 2017. The couple married in 2018. In 2024, the pair separated.
Her father Oka Rama died of heart problems a few weeks after the birth of Rama-Ellis' first child.
Rama-Ellis has lent supports to charities including Brainwave, Sids, Bali Orphanage, Sumba Foundation and the Witchery (Silver Diary) Ovarian Cancer Campaign.
In 2020, Rama-Ellis and her family suffered from Dengue fever.
# Santa Giusta Cathedral

Santa Giusta Cathedral, now a minor basilica (Italian: Basilica di Santa Giusta) is the former cathedral of the abolished Diocese of Santa Giusta, in Santa Giusta, province of Oristano, Sardinia, Italy. The dedication is to Saint Justa of Cagliari who, according to the tradition, was martyred here at the time of the Roman emperor Diocletian, with her companions Saints Justina and Aenidina. Almost entirely built in sandstone, it is considered one of the most important examples of Sardinian Romanesque architecture.

## History

The cathedral was erected in the early 12th century by local and Pisan workers, the latter with experience from Pisa Cathedral. Some art historians have supposed that another church existed on the site previously, but this has not been definitely proven.
In the 16th-17th centuries the south wall was demolished to allow creation of two chapels. In 1503 the Diocese of Santa Giusta was abolished and annexed to that of Oristano. In 1847 a marble enclosure was built to encircle the presbytery, while a pulpit was added in 1876. In 1860 the former sail-shaped bell tower collapsed, and was replaced by a square bell tower in neo-Romanesque style, finished in 1906.

## Overview

The basilica has a façade in undecorated sandstone, with three bays corresponding to the interior's nave and two aisles. The central one has the main portal, surmounted by a triple mullioned window. The façade is topped by a tympanum also divided into three parts, the central one featuring a lozenge. Near the pilasters flanking the portal are two old columns, leading to the hypothesis that the church once had a portico or similar structure.
The side walls are divided into blind arches with Lombard bands, but have few decorations otherwise. More numerous are the features of the apse, with semi-columns supported by plinths and ending in leaf-shaped capitals, Lombard bands and six single-mullioned windows (the three lower ones lighting the church's crypt).
In the interior the aisles and the nave are divided by seven columns with arcades, made of material from ancient settlements of the area. The aisles are covered by groin vaults, while the nave has trusses. The columns in the crypt are original.

## Sources

* Coroneo, Roberto (1993). Architettura Romanica dalla metà del Mille al primo '300. Nuoro: Ilisso. ISBN 88-85098-24-X.
39°52′54″N 8°36′26″E﻿ / ﻿39.881667°N 8.607222°E﻿ / 39.881667; 8.607222
# Active Citizenship

Active Citizenship (Italian: Cittadinanza Attiva) was a left-wing political and electoral alliance in San Marino, formed to contest the 2012 general election. It comprises
* United Left (SU, democratic socialist),
* Civic 10.
# United Armenia Party

The United Armenia Party (Armenian: Միացյալ Հայաստան կուսակցություն) was an Armenian political party in Artsakh.

## History

The United Armenia Party was established on 22 December, 2018. In July 2019, party members called on former President of Artsakh Bako Sahakyan to resign, citing concerns over corruption. The party also voiced concern over growing poverty in Artsakh.
On 23 December 2019, it was announced that party leader Vahan Badasyan would run for the presidency of Artsakh and that he would lead the party in the 2020 Artsakhian general election. Badasyan was nominated unanimously during a party congress.

## Ideology

The party's principle ideology is the establishment of a United Armenia. Party leader Badasyan has stated, "The two Armenian states should unite in the near future in a peaceful and smooth way and become one Mighty Homeland - the United Homeland."
Party leader Vahan Badasyan is closely allied with Armenia's prime minister Nikol Pashinyan and believes that Artsakh should closely adhere to Pashinyan's inspiring 'renewal' philosophy which sparked the 2018 Armenian revolution. Badasyan is one of the few political figures in Artsakh who supports Pashinyan's reformist agenda.

## Electoral record

Following the 2020 election, the party gained just 1.03% of the votes after the first round of voting, failing to qualify for the second round. Furthermore, the party failed to gain any seats in the National Assembly. Currently, the party acts as an extra-parliamentary force.
# Farmers' Party (Greece)

The Farmers' Party (Greek: Αγροτικό Κόμμα) was a political party in Greece in the 1920s and 1930s.

## History

The party first contested national elections in 1928, but failed to win a seat in the parliamentary elections that year. However, they won two seats in the Senate elections the following year.
The 1932 elections saw the party win 13 seats in the Vouli, making it the fourth-largest faction in the Hellenic Parliament after the People's Party, the Liberal Party and the National Democratic Party, although they also lost both seats in the Senate.
In the 1933 elections the party was reduced to a single seat in the Vouli, and did not contest any further elections.
# Bohri Bazaar

Bohri Bazaar, also known as Bohra Bazaar, (Urdu: بوہری بازار) is a bazaar located in Saddar Town, Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan.
It is one of the oldest marketplaces of Karachi.
Bohri Bazaar was once the most famous shopping place in Karachi. It has historical importance similar to Istanbul’s Grand Bazaar.

## History

Bohri Bazaar was established in 1939 as a location for camps for British military personnel. The bazaar named after Bohra community of Karachi. The community has built a mosque called Tahiri Masjid at the centre of the bazaar.
As of August 2022, the bazaar consists of at least 5,000 shops.

## Incidents

Parts of Bohri Bazaar were badly damaged in a fire in 1958 but were rebuilt, and again in the 1987 Karachi car bombing and were restored later.
# Yitav

Yitav (Hebrew: יִיטַ"ב, an abbreviation of Yad Yitzhak Tabenkin) is an Israeli settlement and moshav shitufi in the southern Jordan Valley of the West Bank. Located just north of Jericho and west of the Palestinian village of al-Auja, it falls under the jurisdiction of Bik'at HaYarden Regional Council. In 2022 it had a population of 261.
The international community considers Israeli settlements in the West Bank illegal under international law, but the Israeli government disputes this.

## History

According to ARIJ, Israel confiscated 499 dunams of land from the Palestinian village of Al-Auja in order to construct Yitav.
Niran was established as a Nahal settlement in 1970, Yitav was recognised by the state in 1977, and began operating as a kibbutz. It was named a memorial (Hebrew: yad) to Yitzhak Tabenkin, one of the leaders of the Israeli kibbutz movement. It subsequently reorganized into a moshav shitufi (though remaining within the Kibbutz Movement), whose members today are immigrants from the former Soviet Union (34 families).

## Nature

Subtropical agriculture is the main economic activity in Yitav (dates, bananas, vegetables), although some members have outside jobs in the surrounding area or in Jerusalem.
Yitav Nature Reserve located 4 km west of Yitav covers the canyon of Nahal Yitav (Wadi al-Auja) with its springs.
# Kazachy, Altai Krai

Kazachy (Russian: Казачий) is a rural locality (a settlement) in Borovikhinsky Selsoviet, Pervomaysky District, Altai Krai, Russia. The population was 919 as of 2013. There are 9 streets.

## Geography

Kazachy is located 19 km north of Novoaltaysk (the district's administrative centre) by road. Borovikha is the nearest rural locality.
# NGC 428

NGC 428 is a barred spiral galaxy in the constellation of Cetus (The Sea Monster), with its spiral structure distorted and warped, possibly the result of the collision of two galaxies. There appears to be a substantial amount of star formation occurring within NGC 428 and it lacks well defined arms — a telltale sign of a galaxy merger. In 2015 the Hubble Space Telescope made a close-up shot of the galaxy with its Advanced Camera for Surveys and its Wide Field and Planetary Camera 2. The structure of NGC 428 has been compared to NGC 5645.

## Discoveries

NGC 428 was discovered by William Herschel in December 1786. A type Ia supernova designated SN2013ct was discovered May 11, 2013, within the galaxy by Stuart Parker of the Backyard Observatory Supernova Search (BOSS) project in Australia and New Zealand.
Smoker et al. reported in 1996 on the NGC 428 field, with the HI tail and LSB dwarf 0110+008, assessing star formation properties based on molecule density distributions, and concluded that the tail formation most likely originated through tidal interactions between two galaxies.
# Obórki, Żuromin County

Obórki is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Lubowidz, within Żuromin County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland.
# Obózek

Obózek is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Jedlińsk, within Radom County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland.
# FC Spartak-Telekom Shuya

FC Spartak-Telekom Shuya (Russian: «Спартак‑Телеком» (Шуя)) was a Russian football team from Shuya. It played professionally from 1998 to 2003. Their best result was 9th place in the Russian Second Division (Zone Center, 2000 and Zone West, 2002). In 2004 it merged into FC Tekstilshchik Ivanovo.

## Team name history

* 1991: FC Mashzavod Shuya
* 1992–1995: FC Akvarius Shuya
* 1996–2003: FC Spartak-Telekom Shuya.
# Fazal Bhambro railway station

Fazal Bhambro railway station (Urdu: فضل بھمبرو ریلوے اسٹیشن, Sindhi: فضل ڀنڀرو ريلوي اسٽيشن) is located in Pakistan.
# Huggett

Huggett is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Alf Huggett (1892–1972), Australian rules footballer
* Anne Huggett (1942-1992), American activist for women
* Annie Huggett (1892-1996), English suffragette and political activist
* Arthur Huggett (1861–1945), English cricketer
* Arthur St George Huggett 1897–1968, British physiologist
* Brian Huggett (born 1936), Welsh professional golfer
* Catherine Huggett, OAM (1970–2011), Australian Paralympic swimmer who won two medals at two Paralympics
* Chris Huggett, engineer/designer, co-founded Electronic Dream Plant (EDP), founded Oxford Synthesiser Company
* Maurice Huggett (1945–2011), proprietor of the Phoenix Artist Club in Soho, London
* Monica Huggett (born 1953), British conductor and leading Baroque violinist
* Ralf Huggett or Ralf Hogge, English iron-master and gun founder to the king, cast the first iron cannon in England, in 1543
* Richard Huggett, British citizen who stood in a variety of elections using descriptions similar to established political parties
* Richard Huggett (playwright) (1929–2000), British playwright
* Sandra Huggett (born 1973), British actress
* Stuart Huggett, British-born Fijian architect, businessman, and civil servant
* Susan Huggett (born 1954), former field hockey player from Zimbabwe
# Union for Democracy and the Republic (Niger)

The Union for Democracy and the Republic (French: Union pour la Démocratie et la République-Tabbat, UDR-Tabbat) is a political party in Niger. Its founding leaders were former Prime Minister Amadou Cissé and Amadou Madougou.

## History

The party was formed by Cissé on September 12, 1999, after a split with the Rally for Democracy and Progress (RDP-Jama'a) party. Cissé had been Prime Minister of Niger under former coup leader Ibrahim Baré Maïnassara, who formed the RDP in 1997. Following Maïnassara's assassination in April 1999, Cissé and RDP party president Hamid Algabid vied for the party's presidential nomination for the 1999 general elections. Algabid and his supporters won, and Cissé was expelled from the RDP. A faction of the RDP persisted in supporting Cissé, leaving it to the Court of State to judge which faction would remain in the RDP. The Court accepted Algabid's candidacy and rejected Cissé's candidacy on September 3. On September 12, Cissé founded the UDR-Tabbat, taking a number of supporters with him.
Although Cissé did not run in the presidential elections, the party did contest the parliamentary elections, receiving 2% of the vote, but failing to win a seat. The party contested the 2004 general elections as part of the Coordination of Democratic Forces (CFD) alliance with the main opposition party, the Nigerien Party for Democracy and Socialism (PNDS) and nine other parties, including the Nigerien Progressive Party – African Democratic Rally, the Nigerien Self-Management Party and the Union of Independent Nigeriens (UNI). A joint list of the PNDS, UNI and UDR won two seats in the National Assembly.
After boycotting the 2009 parliamentary elections, Cissé and the UDR-Tabbat were prominent among the opposition coalition to President Tandja Mamadou's Sixth Republic of 2009–10. Following the 2010 coup, the party contested the 2011 general elections; Cissé finished eighth out of ten candidates in the presidential elections with 1.6% of the vote, but the party received 5.4% of the vote in the National Assembly elections, winning six seats. Cissé ran for the presidency again in the 2016 elections, this time finishing ninth out of 15 candidates with 1.5% of the vote, whilst the party's parliamentary representation was reduced to two seats in the National Assembly after its vote share fell to 2.2%.
# Nautheh

Nauthen (Urdu: نوتھیں) is a village in Pindi Bhattian Tehsil, Hafizabad District, Punjab, Pakistan.

## Geography

Nauthen covers a 5 square mile area . Nauthen has nine sub villages areas called khooh (well): Jandwal Khooh, Rodu Khooh, Malwala Khooh, Saroo Khooh, Jinnah colony, Nauthen Station, Chuntra, Dall Wahaband Dall Jahana.

## Demographics

The population is 5,678. Punjabi is primary language of the area and Islam is the common religion, 97 percent Sunni and nearly 3 percent Shia Muslim. The majority of the population are Randhaira clan of Kharal caste.

## History

Nautha Singh and Uduo Singh were two brothers who dug two water wells which grew into two villages, Nauthen and Uduoki. Rai Jalaldin Randhira (Jalalia) a nomad leader of Kharal clan from Ravi Rihan (Lahore) in 1740 AD occupied the area around the well and drove out the old inhabitants. Rai Jalalia was survived by four sons Rai Qaim, Rai Saro (Sarwar), Rai Aqal, Rai Humaon (Humayon) and one son-in-law Ghulla Malah (a pirate) from the Pindi Bhattian Chenab river. Rai Jalalia settled in Nauthen, leaving five tribes bearing the names of his sons and son-in-law.

## Transport

Nauthen is linked with Hafizabad through Sukheki road and by rail to Faisalabad. Nauthen is linked with provincial capital Lahore and federal capital Islamabad through Lahore-Islamabad Motorway M2. Nauthen hosts motorway service area Sukheki.

## Education

Govt. High School Nauthen and Govt. Girls Middle School and Govt. Primary School Nauthen.

## Religion

The two main holy shrines are of Baba Haji Shah Sarkar and Bawa Nawab shah.