OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Nikolay Vasilev

Nikolay Vassilev Vassilev (Bulgarian: Николай Василев Василев) (born 28 November 1969) is a Bulgarian politician and economist, who has been part of two governments of Bulgaria. He is a former member of National Movement for Stability and Progress and served as Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of the Economy (2001–2003), Vice Prime Minister and Minister of Transport and Communications (2003–2005), and Minister of State Administration and Administrative Reform (2005–2009).
On 12 July 2021, Vassilev was nominated by the ITN party, which had secured the most votes in the July 2021 snap election, as their prospective Prime Minister. However, his candidacy was withdrawn on 15 July due to largely negative reactions from the other parties and the wider society.
Since 2009, Vassilev is managing partner at Expat Capital. With its licensed wholly owned subsidiary Expat Asset Management, it is one of the largest independent asset management companies in Bulgaria. Expat manages hundreds of individual investment portfolios, three mutual funds with global focus, and a family of exchange-traded funds tracking the performance of stock indices from Central and Eastern Europe. Previously, Vassilev was senior vice president at Lazard Capital Markets in London (2000–2001), and associate director at UBS's Dillon, Read & Co. in the Tokyo, New York, and London offices (1996–2000), working in the area of equities and emerging markets. He was also a tax adviser at Coopers & Lybrand in Budapest (1993–1994).
Vassilev holds a Master of Arts degree in international economics and finance from Brandeis University (1997) with an exchange program at Keio University as well as two bachelor's degrees from the State University of New York at Oswego (1995) and the Budapest University of Economic Sciences (1994), and has been a Chartered Financial Analyst (CFA) charterholder since 1999. He speaks English, Hungarian and Russian, and has basic knowledge of French, German, and Japanese.
Vassilev is also a member of the board of the Bulgarian CFA Association and the author of Energy (2009), Menu for Reformers (2014), and Career or Not (2018). He is married and has two daughters.
# James Wilford Garner

James Wilford Garner (November 22, 1871, Pike County, Mississippi – December 9, 1938, Urbana, Illinois) was an American political scientist who was professor of political science at the University of Illinois.

## Early life

James Wilford Garner was born in Pike County, Mississippi in 1871 to W. O. and Martha A. Garner.
He graduated from the Mississippi Agricultural and Mechanical College in 1892. He taught in Mississippi high schools from 1892 to 1896. He studied history and political science at the University of Chicago (Ph.M., 1900), after which he taught history at Bradley Polytechnic Institute.

## Academic career

He studied at Columbia University (Ph.D., 1902), where he was a member of the Dunning School. His dissertation, Reconstruction in Mississippi, though critical of Reconstruction, was regarded by W. E. B. Du Bois as the fairest of the works of the Dunning School.
He was professor of political science at the University of Pennsylvania in 1902–1903. He became professor of political science at the University of Illinois in 1904. He was editor in chief of the American Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology (1910–1911). He was head of the American Political Science Association in 1924.
He was Hyde lecturer in the French universities (1921) and Tagore lecturer in the University of Calcutta (1922). He lectured for a semester at the Geneva Institute of Higher International Studies. In 1928, he lectured at New York University. In 1929, he lectured at French and English universities as a visiting professor for the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace.
He was awarded Chevalier of the French Legion of Honour.

## Personal life

He married Terese Leggett in 1895. They had no children.

## Works

* Reconstruction in Mississippi (1901)
* The History of the United States, with Henry Cabot Lodge (four volumes, 1906)
* Introduction to Political Science (1910)
* Government in the United States, National, State, and Local (1911)
* Essays on Southern History and Politics (1914) (editor)
* Civil Government for Indian Students (1920)
* Idées et Institutions Politiques Américaines (1921)
* International Law and the World War (1920)
* Prize Law During the World War (1927)
* Political science and government (1928)
# Ali Jabbari

Ali Jabbari is an Iranian former football midfielder who played for Iran in the 1972 Summer Olympics. He also played for Taj SC. On 13 May 1972 during a group match at the 1972 AFC Asian Cup, Iran were trailing 2–0 to Thailand. Ali Jabbari turned the match around with a hat-trick in the space of 8 minutes, with goals in 80', 86' and 88', giving Iran first place in the group. He scored again in the final in which Iran beat South Korea.
He is one of the best players of all time in Iran and Asia. one of the most important members of the Iranian national team in the championship of the Asian Nations Cup in 1968 and 1972 and Asian Games 1974 and captain of the Taj(Esteghlal tehran) club in the championship of the AFC Champions League in 1970.
Regarded as one of the 50 best midfielders in the world in his prime. He's also the top scorer and assist-man in the history of the Esteghlal(Taj)vs Persepolis derby with 6 and 5 respectively.
He scored more than 100 goals as a midfielder for Taj(Esteghlal) Club

## Record at Olympic Games

| National team | Year | Apps | Goals |
| Iran | 1972 | 1 | 0 |

## Honours
### Iran

* Asian Nations Cup
    Winner: 2
       1968, 1972
* Asian Games
    Winner: 1
       1974
    Runner up: 1
       1966

### Taj

* Asian Champions League
    Winner: 1
       1970
    Third place: 1
       1971
* Iranian Football League
    Winner: 2
       1970–71
       1974–75
    Runner up: 1
       1973–74
* Tehran Football League
    Winner: 3
       1969
       1970–1971
       1972–73

### Individuals

* Golden elite of Asian Football Federation: 2013
# Yutmaru Sar

Yutmaru Sar is a mountain in the Hispar mountain range, a subrange of the Karakoram. At an elevation of 7,283 m (23,894 ft) it is the 88th highest mountain in the world. Yutmaru Sar is located in the Gilgit-Baltistan region of Pakistan-administered Kashmir. It was first climbed in 1980.
# Avelgem

Avelgem (Dutch pronunciation: ; West Flemish: Oavelgem) is a municipality located in the Belgian province of West Flanders. The municipality comprises the towns of Avelgem proper, Bossuit, Kerkhove, Outrijve and Waarmaarde. On January 1, 2006, Avelgem had a total population of 9,457. The total area is 21.75 km$^2$ which gives a population density of 435 inhabitants per km$^2$.
It has a famous building named 'Spikkerelle', where people can watch movies, theater, exhibitions and there's a room which can be organized for events.

## Climate

Climate data for Avelgem (1991-2020) :
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 6.9 (44.4) | 7.9 (46.2) | 11.5 (52.7) | 15.5 (59.9) | 18.9 (66.0) | 21.7 (71.1) | 23.9 (75.0) | 23.8 (74.8) | 20.4 (68.7) | 15.7 (60.3) | 10.6 (51.1) | 7.3 (45.1) | 15.3 (59.6) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 4.2 (39.6) | 4.6 (40.3) | 7.3 (45.1) | 10.2 (50.4) | 13.8 (56.8) | 16.7 (62.1) | 18.8 (65.8) | 18.5 (65.3) | 15.4 (59.7) | 11.7 (53.1) | 7.6 (45.7) | 4.7 (40.5) | 11.1 (52.0) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 1.4 (34.5) | 1.3 (34.3) | 3.1 (37.6) | 5.0 (41.0) | 8.7 (47.7) | 11.7 (53.1) | 13.7 (56.7) | 13.2 (55.8) | 10.4 (50.7) | 7.7 (45.9) | 4.6 (40.3) | 2.1 (35.8) | 6.9 (44.4) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 71.6 (2.82) | 59.1 (2.33) | 57.2 (2.25) | 44.1 (1.74) | 59.0 (2.32) | 69.3 (2.73) | 74.4 (2.93) | 81.3 (3.20) | 66.6 (2.62) | 67.6 (2.66) | 85.0 (3.35) | 91.1 (3.59) | 826.3 (32.54) |
| Average precipitation days (≥ 1 mm) | 12.8 | 11.5 | 10.7 | 9.1 | 10 | 10.1 | 10 | 10.4 | 10.3 | 11.4 | 13.7 | 14.2 | 134.2 |
| Mean monthly sunshine hours | 62 | 80 | 135 | 191 | 217 | 219 | 224 | 211 | 165 | 123 | 69 | 54 | 1,750 |
| Mean daily sunshine hours | 2 | 2.9 | 4.4 | 6.4 | 7 | 7.3 | 7.2 | 6.8 | 5.5 | 4 | 2.3 | 1.7 | 4.8 |
| Source: RMI ||||||||||||||

## Notable people

* Bert De Graeve, (b. 1955 in Avelgem), businessman
* Marc Demeyer, (b. 1950 in Avelgem), cyclist
# Favillea

Favillea is a genus of fungi within the Sclerodermataceae family.
# Vercoquin and the Plankton

Vercoquin and the Plankton (French: Vercoquin et le plancton) is a 1946 novel by the French writer Boris Vian, published by Éditions Gallimard. The first English-language translation of the novel was published in 2022.
Vercoquin et le plancton was the sequel to Trouble dans les andains (Trouble in the Swaths), but the latter was not published until 1966, seven years after Vian's death.
Both of these novels feature the characters of the Major and Antioch. The eponymous Vercoquin will be the Major's rival in love as they do whatever it takes to get their hands on Zizanie.
# Stavchany, Khmelnytskyi Oblast

Stavchany (Ukrainian: Ставчани) is a village in Kamianets-Podilskyi Raion, Khmelnytskyi Oblast, Ukraine. It belongs to Nova Ushytsia settlement hromada, one of the hromadas of Ukraine.
Until 18 July 2020, Stavchany belonged to Nova Ushytsia Raion. The raion was abolished in July 2020 as part of the administrative reform of Ukraine, which reduced the number of raions of Khmelnytskyi Oblast to three.
# Sergius of Bulgaria

Sergius (Bulgarian: Сергий) was the third Bulgarian Patriarch of the Bulgarian Orthodox Church.
# Tisiphone (mythology)

In Greek mythology, Tisiphone (Ancient Greek: Τισιφόνη) may refer to various characters:
* Tisiphone, one of the Erinyes, goddesses of vengeance.
* Tisiphone, daughter of Alcmaeon, one of the Epigoni, and Manto, daughter of the seer Tiresias. She was the sister of Amphilochus. Tisiphone was given by her father to King Creon of Corinth to be brought up but was instead sold as a slave by the latter's wife, who feared her beauty; coincidentally she was bought by her father, not knowing that she was his daughter, and kept by him as a maid.
* Tisiphone, the Trojan daughter of Antimachus and wife of Meneptolemus.
# Vanj Range

The Vanj Range (Russian: Ванчский хребет; Tajik: Қаторкӯҳи Ванҷ) is a mountain range of Vanj district, Gorno-Badakhshan, Tajikistan.

## Geography

It lies to the south of the Academy of Sciences Range, between the Darvaz Range to the north and the Yazgulem Range to the south. Running parallel to them, it separates the valleys of the Vanj River and the Yazgulyam River. The total glaciated area of the range is 164 km$^2$.

### Peaks

Its highest summit is glacier-covered High Yazgulem Peak (5,588 m). Other peaks are Vanchek Peak (5,428 m), Hauck Peak (5,092 m), Kuh-i Rau (4,964 m), Sokolov Peak (4,808 m) and Ku-i Zoh (4,664 m).
# Maniawan

Maniawan is a village in Silao subdistrict of Nalanda district, Bihar. As of 2011, it has a population of 5,368, in 918 households.

## History

Hiranand Sastri identified Maniawan with the village of Maṇivāṭaka identified in a copper-plate grant issued at Munger by Devapala of Bengal in the early 800s. The grant identified Maṇivāṭaka as belonging to the naya (subdivision) of Ajapura (which Shastri identified with present-day Ajaipur), in the vishaya (province) of Rājagṛha (present-day Rajgir). In the grant, the revenues from Maṇivāṭaka and several other villages, along with all of their attached fields, pastures, and mango and madhuka orchards, were granted tax-exempt for the upkeep of a Buddhist monastery at Nalanda that had been founded by the king Balaputra of Srivijaya.$^{:317,25}$

## Demographics

As of 2011, Maniawan had a population of 5,368, in 918 households.$^{:648}$ This population was 51.9% male (2,787) and 48.1% female (2,581). The 0-6 age group numbered 936 (488 male and 448 female), making up 17.4% of the total population. 1,590 residents were members of Scheduled Castes, or 29.6% of the total.$^{:244–5}$
The 1961 census recorded Maniawan (then part of Patna district) as having a total population of 1,710 people (880 male and 830 female), in 253 households and 201 physical houses. The area of the village was given as 972 acres and it had a primary school at that point.$^{:146}$

## Infrastructure

As of 2011, Maniawan had 1 primary school and 1 primary health sub centre. Drinking water was provided by well, hand pump, and tube well/borehole; there was at least one public toilet. The village did not have a post office or public library; there was at least some access to electricity for all purposes. Streets were made of both kachcha and pakka materials.$^{:648–52}$
# Abdumalik Abdullajanov

Abdumalik Abdullayevich Abdullajanov (Russian: Абдулладжанов, Абдумалик Абдуллаевич; Tajik: Абдумалик Абдуллоҷонов; born January 1, 1949) is a Tajikistani politician, born in Leninabad. He served as the third Prime Minister of Tajikistan from September 21, 1992, to December 18, 1993. He resigned as Prime Minister to become Tajikistan's first ambassador to Russia. In 1994, he ran in the second presidential elections in Tajikistan but, according to official reports, lost to Emomali Rahmon, Tajikistan's current president. After that, he left Tajikistan, stayed in Russia for several years, then moved to the United States in 1998 and lived there since then; Abdullajanov had refugee status there. Abdullajanov was detained at Boryspil International Airport (near Ukrainian capital Kyiv) on the request of the Tajik authorities upon arriving from Los Angeles on 5 February 2013. Tajik authorities accuse Abdullajanov of plotting an assassination attempt on Rahmon on 30 April 1997, when the president was wounded in the leg. Abdullajanov was also charged with organizing a riot in the Sughd Province which claimed dozens of lives in 1998. Abdullajanov has denied any involvement in his interviews to Western media. On 4 April 2013 Ukraine freed Abdullajanov from detention and refused a request to extradite him to his homeland.
Rumors have circulated that "Abdullajanov would support an opposition candidate who has not yet declared his participation" in the November 2013 Tajikistani presidential election, but because Abdullajanov has not been interviewed for a long time his stand on the issue is unclear.
# Michael Braun (industrialist)

Johann Michael Braun (5 August 1866 – 21 July 1954) was a German industrialist and pioneer of the undergarment industry. Together with corsetmaker Johann Gottfried Spiesshofer he established the corsetry manufacturer “Spiesshofer & Braun” in Heubach (Württemberg) in 1886. From 1902 onwards the company traded under the name “Triumph” as this was considered a more memorable brand name. Having started off with six sewing machines and six employees in a barn, the company had annual sales of 1.7 billion Euros in 2009, and 37’515 employees. Still family owned, by now the multinational manufacturing and marketing organization operates in 120 countries around the globe. It is one of the leading underwear companies in the world and sells its product primarily under the core brands Triumph® and sloggi®.
Michael Braun was married to Anna Helena Spiesshofer, daughter of co-founder Johann Gottfried Spiesshofer. They had four children.
In memory of Michael Braun and his wife, every year on 29 October church bells of Heubach’s St.-Ulrich Church ring as Michael and Helena Braun once donated the bells.

## Honors

* Großes Verdienstkreuz der Bundesrepublik Deutschland (Commander's Cross of the Federal Republic of Germany)
* Honorary citizen of Heubach (Württemberg)
# Ranbir (newspaper)

Ranbir (Urdu: رنبیر) was a daily Urdu language newspaper published from Jammu, India. It was the first daily newspaper in Jammu and Kashmir.

## Founding

Ranbir was founded and edited by Lala Mulkraj Saraf. He had previously worked as sub-editor of Lala Lajpat Rai's nationalist organ Bande Mataram. Saraf had negotiated for some time to obtain the permission from the Maharaja Pratap Singh of Jammu and Kashmir to publish Ranbir as a statewide weekly.
The newspaper was named after Maharaja Ranbir Singh. The first issue of Ranbir was published on 24 June 1924. Ranbir would become the first daily newspaper in Jammu and Kashmir. The newspaper was printed at the Government Press. Instantly after its foundation, the paper gained a wide readership in the state.

## 1930 ban

In May 1930 Maharaja Hari Singh issued a ban on Ranbir (accusing it of 'subversive propaganda'), following an article about an agitation in Jammu related to the arrest of Mahatma Gandhi in British India. The Maharaja argued that Ranbir had, in its 7 May 1930 (Baisakh 25, 1987) issue exaggerated the participation figures in the Jammu protest and that the newspaper had false alluded that the Maharaja himself would have supported the protests. The newspaper was allowed to resume publication in November 1931. This period was marked by increased pressure towards responsible government in Jammu and Kashmir, a movement that Ranbir supported.

## 1947 ban and later years

The newspaper was banned in June 1947, following having demanded accession to India and urged for the release of Sheikh Abdullah. The ban was eventually lifted and Ranbir re-appeared in September 1947. In the following years Ranbir was an important mouthpiece of the anti-Pakistani tendency in Jammu and Kashmir. Ranbir was finally closed down on 18 May 1950.
# Abu Qurayn

Abu Qurayn or Abu Grein /ˌɑːbuː ˈɡreɪn/ (Arabic: أبو قرين ʾAbū Qurayn), also known as El Hisha El Jadida (Arabic: الهيشة الجديدة Al-Hīšaẗ al-Jadīdah), is a village in Libya. It is located 118 km south of Misrata, and 138 km west of Sirte. It is on the cross-roads between the Libyan Coastal Highway and the Fezzan road.
# Chavelkan-e Hajji

Chavelkan-e Hajji (Persian: چاولكان حاجي, also Romanized as Chāvelkān-e Ḩājjī, Chāvlakān-e Ḩājjī, Chavlakan Haji, and Chāvalkān-e Ḩājjī; also known as Chābalkan Ḩājjī, Chābolakān Hajī, Chābolkān-e Ḩājī, Chābolkān Ḩājjī, Chāvolkān, and Chawalakān) is a village in Kalatrazan Rural District, Kalatrazan District, Sanandaj County, Kurdistan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 373, in 77 families. The village is populated by Kurds.
# Kim Sin-jin

Kim Sin-jin (Korean: 김신진; born July 13, 2001) is a South Korean professional footballer who plays as a striker for K League 2 club Seoul E-Land FC on loan from FC Seoul. He made his debut professional appearance in the 2022 K League 1 season.

## Life and career
### Early life and youth career

Kim Sin-jin was born on July 13, 2001, in Daejeon, South Korea. He has an older brother named Jeong-jin, who influenced him to play soccer in second grade. He attended Daejeon Jeonglim Elementary School, Gunsan Jeil Middle School, and Gunsan Jeil High School. In 2018, Kim enrolled in Gangneung Jeil High School and played for the Gangwon FC U-18 squad at the 2nd Asia International Youth in Tottori tournament. He scored a hat trick against the Hong Kong national under-18 football team, leading his team to a 5–0 victory.
At the start of the 2020 U-League college football season, Kim was unable to participate in three matches due to a calf injury. Playing for Sun Moon University, Kim scored two goals at the U-League King of Kings finals against Dongguk University. His team won 2–1, giving the institution its first championship in the tournament. He became the top-scoring player in the regional league with seven goals in six games. Kim's performance earned him U-League's Best Young Player Award. The following year, he played at the 57th Spring University Football Federation Tournament in Tongyeong, where he scored two goals in the finals against Jeonju University and allowed his team to win 3–1. He also scored two goals at the 57th Autumn University Football Federation – Taebaeksangi competition, with his team winning 2–1 against Soongsil University.

### Senior career

In 2021, Kim signed a free contract with FC Seoul. He made his debut professional appearance as a substitute in the second round of the 2022 K League 1 season as the team faced off against Incheon United FC. Amid an outbreak of COVID-19 among his team's squad, Kim played as a center back in the sixth round of the season against Jeju United FC. Writing for the website InterFootball, Shin Dong-hun wrote that Kim appeared anxious in the position, which negatively impacted his gameplay.
On July 30, 2024, he was loaned to Seoul E-Land FC.

## Style of play

Kim plays as a striker identified as "key player" due to his strength, game sense, and flexibility. He has occasionally been utilized as a center back. Kim has cited Robert Lewandowski, Kim Ji-hyeon, and Harry Kane as role models.

## Career statistics

    As of July 30, 2024.
| Club | Season | League | League | League | Cup | Cup | Continental | Continental | Other | Other | Total | Total |
| Club | Season | Division | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals |
| FC Seoul | 2022 | K League 1 | 20 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 22 | 4 |
| FC Seoul | 2023 | K League 1 | 27 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 27 | 5 |
| FC Seoul | 2024 | K League 1 | 9 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 9 | 1 |
| Career total | Career total | Career total | 56 | 9 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 58 | 10 |
# Misgomenai

Misgomenai (Ancient Greek: Μισγομεναί) was a town in ancient Thessaly. It is unlocated.
# Abraham's Valley

Abraham's Valley (Portuguese: Vale Abraão) is a 1993 Portuguese drama film directed by Manoel de Oliveira, based on a novel by Agustina Bessa-Luís, and partially inspired by Gustave Flaubert's 1857 novel Madame Bovary. The film was selected as the Portuguese entry for the Best Foreign Language Film at the 66th Academy Awards, but was not nominated.

## Production

Abraham's Valley was filmed in 1.66:1 on 35 mm film.

## Plot

Set in mid-20th century Portugal, in the vicinity of Lamego, Ema is a beautiful young girl who is married off to Carlos, an older doctor and friend of her father's. Dissatisfied, she takes several lovers.

## Cast

* Leonor Silveira as Ema Cardeano Paiva
* Cécile Sanz de Alba as young Ema
* Luís Miguel Cintra as Carlos Paiva, Ema's husband
* Ruy de Carvalho as Paulino Cardeano, Ema's father

## Reception
### Accolades and screenings

It won the Critics Award at the 1993 São Paulo International Film Festival and the Best Artistic Contribution Award at the 1993 Tokyo International Film Festival. It was screened at the 2023 Cannes Film Festival for the film's 40th anniversary.
# Abul Fazal Ziaur Rahman

Abul Fazal Ziaur Rahman was a physician and army officer who was killed in the Bangladesh Liberation war. He is considered a martyr in Bangladesh.

## Early life

Rahman was born in Noagon, Araihazar, Narayanganj on February 2, 1926. He graduated from Kathghar High School in Sandwip in 1944 and from Chittagong College in 1946. He Graduated from Dhaka Medical College after completing his MBBS degree.

## Career

Rahman joined the Pakistan Army Medical Corps in 1949. He served at the Combined Military Hospitals in Rangpur and Dhaka. In 1963, he was promoted to lieutenant colonel. In 1968, he was made the superintendent and principal of Sylhet Medical College, and also served as the dean of the Faculty of Medicine from 1969 to 1970. During his tenure, Rahman worked to expand the residential quarters and hostels of the medical school.

## Death

In 1971, Rahman was transferred to Islamabad, West Pakistan, but he refused the transfer. The Pakistan Army placed him under house arrest. On 14 April 1971, he was taken from his home by the Pakistan Army and was never seen again. On 14 December 1995, Bangladesh Post Office issued commemorative stamps in his name on the occasion of Martyred Intellectuals Day.