OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Ivan Petlin

Ivan Petlin (Russian: Иван Петлин; 17th-century diminutive form, Russian: Ивашко Петлин, Ivashko (Evashko) Petlin), a Siberian Cossack, was the first Russian to have reached China on an official mission (1618-1619). His expedition may have been the second European expedition to reach China from the west by an overland route (after that of Bento de Góis) since the fall of the Yuan Dynasty. For background, see Russia-China relations.
Although sent by the Czar he was not officially an ambassador. The mission was outfitted by the Tobolsk and Tomsk voyevodas. Petlin was originally appointed as translator and scribe under Maksim Trupcheninov, but at the last minute Trupcheninov was unable to go so Petlin became leader. His traveling companion was named Andrei Mundov (Mundoff).
Accompanied by two returning envoys from the Altyn Khan who was one of leader of Western Mongolia, Petlin and Mundov left Tomsk on 9 May 1618 and went south up the Ob River, crossed the Abakan Range, went south to Tuva and around Lake Ubsa to the court of the Altyn Khan. (This route was rarely used in later times.)
From there he traveled east across Mongolia to the Great Wall and reached Peking in late August. He was not allowed to see the Wanli Emperor because he did not bring proper tribute. He returned some time before November 1619. He brought with him a letter in Chinese inviting the Russians to open trade, but no one in Russia was able to read it until 1675.
Petlin's report is quite vague. He mentions: the upper Ob; rivers flowing into Lake Ubsa; the local rulers across Mongolia; a Princess Malchikatun who rules the towns of Mongolia and issues permits to cross the Great Wall; the Black Mongols west of the wall and the Yellow Mongols east of it; an 'Iron Tsar' near Bukhara who sends diamonds to China (probably, a reference to the Kashgarian jade tribute trade); the Great Wall (which he thinks runs from the Pacific to Bukhara); several Chinese cities on the way to Peking; Peking; and an 'Ob River' which he seems to think flows from western Mongolia to the Yellow Sea. He mentions lamas, temples with gilded statues, city walls and gates, paved streets and officials who go about with yellow sunshades over their heads. Throughout he emphasizes the remarkable fact that cities are built of stone.
An account of Petlin's expedition was translated into English and published in Samuel Purchas' "Pilgrims" (vol. XIV) (1625); it was apparently well known in the 17th century England: e.g., John Milton is thought to have drawn on it in his description of Mongolia.
# Masinton Pasaribu

Masinton Pasaribu (born 11 February 1971) is an Indonesian politician from PDI-P and former activist who served as a member of the House of Representatives between 2014 and 2024.

## Career

Pasaribu was born in the city of Sibolga, North Sumatra from a Batak background. After completing high school, he spent some time as a freelance laborer at the Port of Belawan before moving to Jakarta to study law, graduating in 2003. During his time as a student, he was active in organisations protesting the New Order and took part in the 1998 protests which eventually led to the fall of Suharto. After graduating, he was also part of labor activism. Pasaribu joined PDI-P, along with around 50 other activists, in 2004. There, he became one of the founders and served as chairman of REPDEM (Indonesian: Relawan Perjuangan Demokrasi, "Volunteers for Democratic Struggle"), which became one of PDI-P's wings.
In the 2014 Indonesian legislative election, Pasaribu ran for a seat in the People's Representative Council from Jakarta's 2nd electoral district and won after securing 30,989 votes. In the body, he became part of the Third Commission on Law and Human Rights. After being reelected in 2019, he failed to win a seat in the 2024 election.
He severely criticised then vice president Jusuf Kalla in 2015, accusing him of being the source of various government issues. During an investigation into the Corruption Eradication Commission (KPK), Pasaribu became the deputy chairman of the committee responsible for some time, until he was replaced. Pasaribu called #2019GantiPresiden movement a dishonest, political movement.
# Pokrovka, Bichursky District, Republic of Buryatia

Pokrovka (Russian: Покровка) is a rural locality (a selo) in Bichursky District, Republic of Buryatia, Russia. The population was 298 as of 2010. There are 2 streets.

## Geography

Pokrovka is located 20 km northwest of Bichura (the district's administrative centre) by road. Sudutuy is the nearest rural locality.
# Agatha Christie (band)

Agatha Christie (Russian: Агата Кристи, romanized: Agata Kristi) was a Soviet and Russian rock band. Formed in 1984 by Vadim Samoylov, Alexander Kozlov, and Peter Mai in Sverdlovsk. under the name VIA RTF UPI (Russian: ВИА РТФ УПИ) the band changed their name to Agatha Christie, after the detective fiction author, in 1988 and went on to become one of the most notable Russian rock acts in the mid to late 1990s. During the recording sessions for their debut album "Second Front", Vadim's younger brother, Gleb, became a full-time member of the band. The band lineup changed continuously since then, with the Samoylov brothers being bandleaders, swapping vocal duties. The Samoylov brothers have been the principal songwriters of the band, together with keyboardist Alexander Kozlov.

## History

The band's music has spanned through a variety of genres across their albums, including gothic rock, post punk, alternative rock, psychedelic rock, glam rock, art rock and hard rock.
After the dissolution of Agatha Christie in 2010, the former lead singer Gleb Samoylov, together with keyboardist Konstantin Bekrev and drummer Dmitry Khakimov, formed the group The Matrixx.

## Members
### "The Golden Line-up"

* Vadim Samoilov — vocals, guitars, keyboards, arrangements, songwriter (1987-2010, 2015)
* Gleb Samoilov — vocals, bass guitar, guitar, keyboards, arrangements, songwriter (1988-2010, 2015)
* Alexander Kozlov — keyboards, synthesizer bass, arrangements, songwriter (1987-2001)
* Andrey Kotov — drums (1990-2008)

### Other members

* Lev Shutylev — keyboards (1989-1990)
* Albert Potapkin — drums (1989-1990)
* Peter May — drums (1988-1989)
* Dmitry "Snake" Khakimov — drums (2008-2010)
* Konstantin Bekrev — keyboards, bass guitar, backing vocals (2008-2010, 2015)
* Roman Baranyuk — drums (2010, 2015)
* Arkady Baranyuk — keyboards (2015)
* Alexander Radchenko — guitar, bass (2015)

## Discography

LP :
| Data release | Title | Translation |
| 1988 | Второй фронт | The Second Front |
| 1989 | Коварство и любовь | Intrigue and Love |
| 1991 | Декаданс | Decadence |
| 1993 | Позорная звезда | Shameful Star |
| 1995 | Опиум | Opium |
| 1997 | Ураган | The Hurricane |
| 1998 | Чудеса | Wonders |
| 2000 | Майн Кайф? | Mein Bliss? |
| 2004 | Триллер. Часть 1 | Thriller. Part 1 |
| 2010 | Эпилог | Epilogue |

## Honors and awards

* 1991: Grand Prix at the Festival of young European bands Open du Rock (Burgundy, France)
* 1996, 1997, 2001: Ovation
* 1997: Golden Gramophone Award
* 1998: World Music Awards in the nomination Successfully selling foreign artist (Monte Carlo)
* 2004: Komsomolskaya Pravda, according to a survey of readers, Agatha Christie was the fourth most influential group in the history of Russian rock.
# Skoryukovo

Skoryukovo (Russian: Скорюково) is a rural locality (a village) in Kargopolsky District, Arkhangelsk Oblast, Russia. The population was 29 as of 2010. There are 2 streets.

## Geography

Skoryukovo is located 64 km south of Kargopol (the district's administrative centre) by road. Nikiforovo is the nearest rural locality.
# Basti Dad Halt railway station

Basti Dad Halt railway station (Urdu: بستی داد ہالٹ ریلوے اسٹیشن) is located in Pakistan.
# Rio Acre Ecological Station

Rio Acre Ecological Station (Portuguese: Estação Ecológica do Rio Acre) is an ecological station in the state of Acre, Brazil.

## Location

The Rio Acre Ecological Station, which covers 79,094 hectares (195,450 acres), was created on 2 June 1981. It is administered by the Chico Mendes Institute for Biodiversity Conservation. The ecological station lies in the municipalities of Assis Brasil and Sena Madureira in the state of Acre. It contains Amazon forest bounded to the north by an Indian reservation and to the south by the Acre River.

## Environment

The vegetation is characterized by open forests of palms and bamboos. 255 species of birds have been found in the alluvial forests, and 189 species in the open forests. The first occurrence in Brazil of several species of birds was first recorded in the ecological station, including sapphire-spangled emerald (Amazilia lactea), Guianan warbling antbird (Hypocnemis cantator), buff-fronted foliage-gleaner (Philydor rufum), wedge-billed woodcreeper (Glyphorynchus spirurus), Tschudi's woodcreeper (Xiphorhynchus ocellatus chunchotambo) and russet-backed oropendola (Psarocolius angustifrons).
The station is rich in species of amphibian, including about 40% of all the species recorded in the state of Acre. The yellow-spotted river turtle is found in small numbers, but is subject to increasing pressure from people hunting the eggs. 44 species of terrestrial mammals have been recorded, including the threatened giant armadillo (Priodontes maximus), giant anteater (Myrmecophaga tridactyla), Peruvian spider monkey (Ateles chamek), Goeldi's marmoset (Callimico goeldii), South American tapir (Tapirus terrestris), neotropical otter (Lontra longicaudis), margay (Leopardus wiedii), jaguar (Panthera onca) and cougar (Puma concolor).

## Conservation

The Ecological Station is a "strict nature reserve" under IUCN protected area category Ia. It was created to preserve the headwaters of the Acre River and to promote research. The conservation unit is supported by the Amazon Region Protected Areas Program.
# Kariguiyeh

Kariguiyeh (Persian: كريگوييه, also Romanized as Karīgū’īyeh) is a village in Mashiz Rural District, in the Central District of Bardsir County, Kerman Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 15, in 5 families.
# Jami Syekh Abdul Hamid Abulung Mosque

The Jami Syekh Abdul Hamid Abulung Mosque (Indonesian: Masjid Jami Syekh Abdul Hamid Abulung), also known as Datu Abulung Mosque, is an old mosque in South Kalimantan province, Indonesia, which is located in Sungai Batang village, West Martapura district, Martapura. The mosque was built by the king of Banjar, Sultan Tahmidullah II who ruled the area during 1761 to 1801, as a form of retribution for ordering the executions of Datu Abulung, a scholar who had been accused of heresy. The mosque is one of the cultural heritages in Martapura.
# The Bride Ship

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic | |
The Bride Ship is the third studio album by Crime & the City Solution, released on July 11, 1989 through Mute Records.

## Track listing

All lyrics are written by Bonney, except where noted; all music is composed by Crime & the City Solution

## Personnel

Crime & the City Solution
* Bronwyn Adams – violin
* Simon Bonney – vocals
* Chrislo Haas – guitar, synthesizer
* Alexander Hacke – guitar
* Mick Harvey – drums, piano
* Thomas Stern – bass guitar

### Production and additional personnel

* Bleddyn Butcher – photography
* Crime & the City Solution – mixing
* Ralph Droge – trombone
* Peter Gruchot – photography
* David Heilmann – engineering
* Gareth Jones – production, mixing
* Miles Standish – photography
* Victor Van Vugt – engineering, mixing
# 1978 European Rugby League Championship

The 1978 European Rugby League Championship was the 19th edition of the Rugby League European Championship, a rugby league tournament that took place in Europe.
England won the competition after defeating Wales 60–13, which was at the time Wales' largest margin of defeat.

## Results

* 15 January
| Wales | 29 – 7 | France |
* Naughton Park, Widnes Attendance: 9,502
| France | 11 – 13 | England |
* Stade des Minimes, Toulouse Attendance: 6,000
* 28 May
| England | 60 – 13 | Wales |
* Knowsley Road, St Helens Attendance: 9,759

### Final standings

| Team | Played | Won | Drew | Lost | For | Against | Diff | Points |
| England | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 73 | 24 | +49 | 4 |
| Wales | 2 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 42 | 67 | −25 | 2 |
| France | 2 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 18 | 42 | −24 | 0 |
* England win the tournament with two victories.
# Diocese of Lethe

The Diocese of Lethe (Latin: Dioecesis Letaea), was a bishopric of the Roman province of Macedonia Prima in the civil diocese of the same name. Lethe was located in the area of Aïvati (Khaïvati), which is situated west of Lake Koroneia in Greece. The bishopric was a suffragan of the archbishopric of Thessalonica.

## History

The exact location of Lethe is unknown to Michel Le Quien, the author of the work Oriens Christianus. However, the area was identified as Aïvati (Khaïvati) west of Lake Koroneia in Greece. Lethe was one of the ancient bishoprics of the Roman province of Macedonia Prima in the civil diocese of the same name, a suffragan of the archdiocese of Thessalonica.
Since the 18th century, Lethe has been included among the titular bishopric sees of the Catholic Church. The seat has been vacant since February 1, 2022.

## Titular ordinaries (Roman Catholic)

* Carlo Cosenza (1728–1732)
* Anton Joseph von Lamberg (1733–1757)
* Juan Lario y Lancis (1757–1764)
* Karl Friedrich von Zehmen (1765–1798)
* Michael Francis Buttigieg (1863–1864)
* Tobias Kirby (1881–1886)
* Filippo Degni di Salento (1886–1913)
* Karl Reth (1916–1933)
* Pacifico Tiziano Micheloni, O.F.M. Cap. (1933–1936)
* Benigno Luciano Migliorini, O.F.M. (1937–1941)
* Peter William Bartholome (1941–1953)
* John Joseph U Win (1954–1959)
* Anthony Denis Galvin, M.H.M. (1960–1976)
* Patrick Dougherty (1976–1983)
* Angelo (William Thomas) Acerra, O.S.B. (1983–1990)
* Carlos José Ñáñez (1990–1995)
* Jesús Murgui Soriano (1996–2003)
* Antonio Ortega Franco, C.O. (2004–2022)
# Yakov Khoziev

Yakov Khoziev (Ossetian: Хозиты Яков) (February 8, 1916 – July 9, 1938) was an Ossetian poet.
After having studied for some time at an agricultural school, in 1932 he seriously devoted himself to literature, entering the literary faculty of the North Ossetia Pedagogical Institute (now university). There were 14 newspapers and magazines in Ossetian language published in North Ossetia in the 1930s, all of them since 1932 published poems by Khoziev.
In 1936, having finished the pedagogical institute, Yakov Khoziev started his post-diploma studies at the North Ossetian Research Institute. He could not become a doctor of philology because of his sudden death on 9 July 1938: he drowned while swimming in the fast moving river Terek. He was 22 years old at that time.
Some of his many poems are studied in the school course of Ossetian literature. His poetry is "generally about hope and achievement", as described by professor Shamil Dzhigkaev, author of the Ossetian literature overview.
# Cryptachaea veruculata

Cryptachaea veruculata is a spider native to Australia and New Zealand. It has been introduced into England and Belgium. The species has potential to control spider mites and leafroller caterpillars in New Zealand.

## Description

Females reach a body size of about 4 mm, males only about 1.5 mm. They sometimes build small webs in flowers and green vegetation, but will also build webs in corners of the outer walls of buildings.

## Taxonomy

This species was moved from genus Achaearanea in 2008.

## Name

Common names include Diamond Comb-footed Spider. In New Zealand, it is also known as just "cobweb spider".
# Medical profile

The medical profile (Hebrew: פרופיל רפואי) is a numerical system utilised by the Israel Defense Forces (IDF) to indicate the medical fitness of individuals for different roles within the IDF. The medical profile, denoted on a scale from 21 (indicating the lowest level of fitness and resulting in automatic disqualification from IDF service) to 97 (representing peak fitness and enabling individuals to apply for any unit within the IDF), plays a crucial role in evaluating an individual's suitability for various positions within the IDF. A medical profile rating of 64 or lower renders individuals ineligible for direct combat roles.

## Known profile numbers
### Combatant

* 97: Perfectly healthy and fit for field combat units, in the elite units in the corps as well as in the combat battalions. In cases of very mild problems (such as the need for glasses), a note is added that does not lower the profile, but dismisses the soldier from volunteering to be a part of the elite units. Since 2005, soldiers can be accepted for the flight training course with glasses (up to 1 diopter).
* 82: A slight problem (for example: color blindness). Unfit for elite combat units but fit for infantry and the combat battalions.
* 72: A moderate problem (knee or back problems, mild asthma, allergies or a high level of myopia – above 7 diopters). Unfit for infantry service, but eligible for several combat units like the Armored Corps, Artillery, Air Defense, specific roles in the Field Intelligence Corps and the Caracal Battalion.
* 65: A problem or injury caused during the military service.

### Non-combatant

* 64: A serious problem (asthma, low BMI, high blood pressure, mental health issues). Unfit for combat.
* 45: A very serious problem (severe asthma, severe orthopedic problems, severe mental status, HIV positive). Unfit for combat service and many military courses.
* 35: A special profile for people with diabetes, the hearing impaired and people with epilepsy. Able to serve in various roles with certain limitations due to their medical condition.
* 25: Individuals who received a profile of 21 and nonetheless applied to volunteer (and are accepted) for military service.
* 24: Temporarily unfit for service (severe sensitivity to bee stings, temporary low BMI, anemia). The soldier gets a temporary exemption and gets monitored every few months with the possibility of raising his profile.
* 21: Totally unfit for military service for health reasons (physical or mental). Individuals with this profile can still apply to volunteer for military service by getting a profile of 30.
# Michael Lewis (model)

Michael Mario Lewis (Hebrew: מייקל לואיס, born 21 December 1987) is an Israeli actor and fashion model. From 2007 to 2008, Lewis modeled for the Israeli clothing company Fox, with Esti Ginzburg. He appeared in fashion shows for Castro, and has been on the cover of several Israeli magazines.

## Early life

Lewis was born and raised in Tel Aviv, Israel, to an Argentine mother and Dutch father.
He studied at Ahad HaAm High School in Petah Tikva. Lewis played basketball in the "Ahad Ha'am" high school team, as part of the Premier League for high schools. In the 2006-2007 season, he joined Maccabi Petah Tikva's senior team, when the team played in the national league. In the 2008-2009 season, Lewis played in the AL Or Yehuda team from the second league.
He suffers from Wolff–Parkinson–White syndrome and was exempted from conscription in the Israel Defense Forces. He volunteered to serve, but his request was denied.

## Career

In 2005, Lewis began working as an underwear model, appearing at a fashion show for the "El Niño" company held at a gay club. He also wrote a weekly column and blog for Walla! portal, which he wrote until February 2007, and for a few months after, also through a blog. He also appeared in fashion shows for the Israeli fashion company Castro.
At the beginning of November 2006, he replaced Yehuda Levi as the main male fashion model for Fox, starting with the summer 2007 campaign. He appeared with Esti Ginzburg for the summer fashion catalog.
In addition, he has appeared on the covers of several youth and entertainment newspapers. He also appeared in the January 2008 issue of the French gay magazine Têtu.
In early 2010, he and professional dancer Anna Arronov were winners of the fifth season of Rokdim Im Kokhavim, the Israeli version of Dancing with the Stars.
In 2011, Lewis was chosen by E!: Entertainment Television as one of “The 25 Sexiest Men in the World”, next to George Clooney and Brad Pitt.
In 2012, he participated in the sixth season of the Israeli version of the reality show Survivor The VIP season; he was medically evacuated on Day 2 of 40, becoming the first person to leave the show. He took part in the third season of Italian Peking Express in 2014, along with rally pilot Luca Betti, ending their journey in the fourth episode.
In 2021, he participated in the eleventh season of the Israeli version of the reality show Survivor. He was voted out on Day 21, becoming the eighth person to be sent to Cabin Guard, where he would have a chance to return to the game. He lost his first duel the same day and thus became the sixth person permanently eliminated from the game.
In July 2021, Lewis opened an OnlyFans account.

## Personal life

Lewis speaks three languages (Hebrew, English and Italian). He started acting and modeling when he was 15 years old.
# State-transition equation

The state-transition equation is defined as the solution of the linear homogeneous state equation. The linear time-invariant state equation given by ${\frac {d\mathbf {x} (t)}{dt}}=\mathbf {Ax} (t)+\mathbf {Bu} (t)+\mathbf {Ew} (t),$ with state vector x, control vector u, vector w of additive disturbances, and fixed matrices A, B, E can be solved by using either the classical method of solving linear differential equations or the Laplace transform method. The Laplace transform solution is presented in the following equations. The Laplace transform of the above equation yields $s\mathbf {X} (s)-\mathbf {x} (0)=\mathbf {AX} (s)+\mathbf {BU} (s)+\mathbf {EW} (s)$ where x(0) denotes initial-state vector evaluated at t = 0. Solving for X(s) gives $\mathbf {X} (s)=(s\mathbf {I} -\mathbf {A} )^{-1}\mathbf {x} (0)+(s\mathbf {I} -\mathbf {A} )^{-1}[\mathbf {BU} (s)+\mathbf {EW} (s)].$ So, the state-transition equation can be obtained by taking inverse Laplace transform as ${\begin{aligned}x(t)&={\mathcal {L}}^{-1}{\Bigl \(s\mathbf {I} -\mathbf {A} )^{-1}{\Bigr \}}\mathbf {x} (0)+{\mathcal {L}}^{-1}{\Bigl \(s\mathbf {I} -\mathbf {A} )^{-1}[\mathbf {BU} (s)+\mathbf {EW} (s)]{\Bigr \}}\\&=\mathbf {\Phi } (t)\mathbf {x} (0)+\int _{0}^{t}\mathbf {\Phi } (t-\tau )[\mathbf {Bu} (\tau )+\mathbf {Ew} (\tau )]dt\end{aligned}}$ where Φ(t) is the state transition matrix.
The state-transition equation as derived above is useful only when the initial time is defined to be at t = 0. In the study of control systems, specially discrete-data control systems, it is often desirable to break up a state-transition process into a sequence of transitions, so a more flexible initial time must be chosen. Let the initial time be represented by t$_0$ and the corresponding initial state by x(t$_0$), and assume that the input u(t) and the disturbance w(t) are applied at t ≥ 0. Starting with the above equation by setting t = t$_0$, and solving for x(0), we get $\mathbf {x} (0)=\mathbf {\Phi } (-t_{0})\mathbf {x} (t_{0})-\mathbf {\Phi } (-t_{0})\int _{0}^{t_{0}}\mathbf {\Phi } (t_{0}-\tau )[\mathbf {Bu} (\tau )+\mathbf {Ew} (\tau )]d\tau .$ Once the state-transition equation is determined, the output vector can be expressed as a function of the initial state.
# Vitali Davydov

Vitali Semyonovich Davydov (Russian: Виталий Семенович Давыдов), born 1 April 1939 in Moscow, is a retired Russian ice hockey player who spent his entire club career with HC Dynamo Moscow of the Top Soviet Hockey Championship. On the international stage, he won three Olympic gold medals and nine Ice Hockey World Championships titles. He was inducted into the Russian and Soviet Hockey Hall of Fame in 1963. He was inducted into the IIHF Hall of Fame in 2004.