OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Akhpradzor

Akhpradzor (Armenian: Ախպրաձոր) is a village in the Vardenis Municipality of the Gegharkunik Province of Armenia.

## Etymology

The village was known as Verin Zaghalu until 1978, which was rendered "Verkhniy Zagalu" in Russian.

## Economy

Most of the villagers plant and sell potatoes. The village is also well known for its locally produced honey. The villagers also regularly sell their cheese and butter.

## Education

The village has one school that has approximately 75 students from Kindergarten to 12th grade. Its principal, Ginevard Ghukasyan is the director of the school. The school is sponsored by a non-profit organization known as the Hidden Road Initiative that runs regular programs in the summer, provides internet and computers to the village school, and provides scholarships to high school graduates.

## Infrastructure

Currently, the road leading to the village is very limited and hard to access. During the winter, the snow blocks the road for the majority of the months. US Ambassador John Heffern visited the village in the summer of 2014 and promoted the road construction. The village mayor as well as the regional director promised that the road should be renovated by 2016.

## Demographics
### Population

As of 2011, the village has a population of 355.
# Pavlos Grosdanis

Pavlos Grosdanis (Greek: Παύλος Γροσδάνης; born 3 April 2002) is a Greek professional footballer who plays as a midfielder for Super League 2 club Kavala.

## Honours

PAS Giannina
* Super League Greece 2: 2019–20
# Antonis Rigopoulos

Antonis Rigopoulos (Greek: Αντώνης Ρηγόπουλος; born 10 June 2004) is a Greek professional footballer who plays as a left-back for Super League 2 club Makedonikos.
# Albert Yavuryan

Albert Garnikovich Yavuryan (Armenian: Ալբերտ Յավուրյան) (August 26, 1935, Gyumri, Armenia – November 3, 2007, Yerevan, Armenia) is an Armenian film producer.

## Biography

He graduated from the Moscow All-Union Film Institute. Yavuryan was awarded the Movses Khorenatsi Medal in 1999 and the Merited Artist of Armenia. Ashik Kerib was one of his films.

### Death

Serzh Sargsyan, president of Armenia made a comment on Yavuryan's death, on November 3, 2007.
   I learnt about Albert Yavuryan’s death with great grief. The loss is great. One of the most known operators of the 20th century has left life. He really made a revolution in the Soviet film art,
Albert Yavuryan's funeral was held on November 6, 2007 at the Komitas Chamber Music Hall, funerals, Yerevan City Pantheon.
# Reutje

Reutje or 't Reutje (Dutch:; Limburgish: 't Räötje) is a hamlet in Dutch Limburg. It belongs to the municipality of Roerdalen. It lies a few km from Sint Odiliënberg.
It was first mentioned in 1251 as "curtis in Raetken", and means "cultivated forest". Reutje has place name signs. It was home to 184 people in 1840.
There is a small café 'Bie Tiel' and a big fanfare, Sint Wiro. Reutje also has its own song: Träötje mien Landj, composed by Wiel Janssen and Pièrre Bonné.
# John F. Appleton

John Francis Appleton (August 29, 1838 – August 31, 1870) was a lawyer and Union colonel in the American Civil War from the state of Maine who was awarded the honorary grade of brevet brigadier general, United States Volunteers.

## Early life

Born in Bangor, Maine, the oldest son of Maine Supreme Judicial Court Chief Justice John Appleton, he was a graduate of Bangor High School and Bowdoin College.

## American Civil War service

When the Civil War began the year after his college graduation, Appleton raised and commanded a company for the 12th Maine Volunteer Infantry Regiment, which saw action in Louisiana and Virginia. At the Battle of Port Hudson, according to a published account by a fellow officer, "Capt. Appleton alone, among ten thousand men who fought that day, mounted the Rebel parapet and stood there facing the whole Rebel Army, a mark for a thousand rifles . . . A Confederate officer told me, after the surrender, that as he saw that young man standing there so calm and brave, he could not bear to see him die, and he told his men not to fire upon him." For this and similar acts Appleton was promoted to colonel and eventually, on May 18, 1866, brevetted as a brigadier general of volunteers (back dated to March 13, 1865).
Appleton subsequently accepted command of a free black regiment (the 81st Regiment Infantry U.S. Colored Troops), as did another Union general from Bangor serving in Louisiana, Cyrus Hamlin, the son of Vice President Hannibal Hamlin, who had strongly urged the arming of freed slaves.

## Postbellum

On May 18, 1866, the U.S. Senate confirmed the award to Colonel Appleton of the honorary grade of brevet brigadier general, U.S. Volunteers, to rank from March 13, 1865 for faithful and meritorious services.
During Southern Reconstruction, Appleton was offered the position of U.S. District Judge for the Eastern District of Texas, but declined due to ill-health. He practiced law in Bangor and died there in 1870. He is buried in the city's Mount Hope Cemetery.
# Thomas J. Brady

Thomas Jefferson Brady (February 12, 1839 – April 22, 1904) was an American Republican politician and Civil War officer.

## Early life and the Civil War

Brady was born in Muncie, Indiana in 1839, the son of John Brady, the first mayor of Muncie, and his wife, Mary Wright Brady. After graduating from Asbury College (now DePauw University), Brady taught school for several years before studying law and being admitted to the bar in 1860. At the outbreak of the Civil War, he joined the Union Army as a captain in the 8th Indiana Infantry Regiment. Brady served with that regiment until 1863, when he was promoted to colonel of the 140th Indiana Infantry Regiment. He was promoted to brevet brigadier general just before the end of the war, in March 1865, in recognition of his "long and meritorious service." During the war, in 1864, Brady was married to Emeline Wolfe. They had three children: Arthur, Elizabeth, and Winfield.

## Political career and Later Life

After the war, Brady resumed his law practice in Muncie, forming a partnership with Arthur C. Mellette. Brady also purchased the Muncie Weekly Times in 1868. In 1870, he was appointed consul to St. Thomas, then a part of the Danish Virgin Islands, where he served until 1875. He was appointed commissioner of internal revenue for Ohio and Indiana that year. The following year, President Ulysses S. Grant appointed Brady second assistant postmaster-general.
In his position with the postal service, Brady became embroiled in the Star Route scandal. Brady was alleged to have illegally profited in a scheme in which postal officials received bribes in exchange for awarding postal delivery contracts in southern and western areas. President Rutherford B. Hayes sustained Brady in office, but he resigned in 1881. Brady was indicted for conspiracy to defraud the government in 1882. A jury found him guilty, but the judge set aside the verdict. At a second trial the following year, Brady and his co-defendants were found not guilty.
Brady moved to Jersey City, New Jersey, where his son, Arthur, was president of the Union Traction Company. He died there in 1904.
# Simeon B. Brown

Simeon Batcheldor Brown (1812 – 1893) was an American brevet brigadier general who served in the American Civil War under the Union and commanded several battles of the war.

## Biography
### Family

Brown was born on March 1, 1812, in Bridgewater, New Hampshire, the son of Benjamin Batcheldor and Mary Spaulding. Simeon married Adeline Brown in 1834, with whom he had his only child, Samuel, on January 1, 1839, who would go on to serve in the 5th New Hampshire Infantry Regiment. He later married Eliza Colby until his death.

### American Civil War

He enlisted in the Union Army on August 14, 1862, as a major. On October 13 of the same year, he was assigned to the 6th Michigan Cavalry Regiment. On August 14, 1863, he was promoted to colonel, and on December 10 of the same year, he was given command of the newly formed 11th Michigan Cavalry Regiment. He would lead the regiment at the Battle of Cynthiana during Morgan's Raid into Kentucky. He was then promoted to brevet brigadier general on January 1, 1865 and took part in Stoneman's 1865 raid as commander of three Cavalry Regiments. Brown participated in the Battle of Anderson in South Carolina, a battle that occurred three weeks after Robert E. Lee's surrender at Appomattox Court House. Brown then resigned from the Army on June 11, 1865. He died in Saint Clair, Michigan, on March 18, 1893.
# Alexander Chambers

Alexander Chambers (August 23, 1832 – January 2, 1888) was a US Army officer, who became a general during the American Civil War.
Chambers was born in Cattaraugus, New York. He graduated from West Point with the class of 1853 (which also included John Schofield and Philip Sheridan), and was commissioned a second lieutenant. He fought in the Third Seminole War from 1855, and was promoted to first lieutenant in 1859. In May 1861, shortly after the war started, he was promoted to captain, and performed recruiting duty in Iowa. Promoted to colonel in March 1862, he took command of the 16th Iowa Volunteer Infantry Regiment, leading it at the Battle of Shiloh and the Battle of Iuka, being wounded on both occasions. Returning to duty, he led a brigade in the Vicksburg Campaign. In August 1863, he was appointed brigadier general of volunteers and led a division in the XVII Corps, but his appointment was revoked by the U.S. Senate in April 1864. On December 8, 1868, President Andrew Johnson nominated Chambers for appointment to the brevet grade of brigadier general of volunteers, to rank from March 13, 1865, for the Battle of Champion's Hill, and the U.S. Senate confirmed the appointment on February 16, 1869.
After the war, he reverted to the rank of captain and remained in the army and served as a military judge-advocate in Nebraska, receiving promotions to major and lieutenant colonel. He was also military attache to the Ottoman Empire from July 1877 to September 1878. His last appointment was as garrison commander at Fort Townsend. He died in San Antonio, Texas with the rank of colonel in the 17th U.S. Infantry Regiment and was buried in Owatonna, Minnesota.
# Hafiz Muhammad Siddique

H Muhammad Siddique (1819-1890; Urdu: حافظ محمد صديق, title 'Hafiz-ul-milat'), was a Follower Of Hazrat Per Syed Muhammad Rashid Rozi Dhani Peer Sahab Pagara and a Sufi of the Qadiriyya order from Sindh and founder of school of Bharchundi Shareef Khanqah in Sindh.
# Plenmeller

Plenmeller is a village and former civil parish, now in the parish of Plenmeller with Whitfield, in Northumberland, England about a mile (1½ km) southeast of Haltwhistle. In 1951 the parish had a population of 107.

## Etymology

The name Plenmeller is first attested in 1255–56, with diverse spellings appearing: Plenmeneure, Plenmenewre, and Playnmalevere. The name is thought to come from the Brittonic language, comprising the words that in modern Welsh are blaen ("top"), moel ("bare"), and bre ("hill"). Thus the name once meant 'top of the bare hill'.$^{:323}$

## Governance

Plenmeller is in the parliamentary constituency of Hexham. The parish council is Plenmeller with Whitfield. Historically, Plenmeller was a township, also incorporating Unthank, within the ancient parish of Haltwhistle. On 1 April 1955 the parish was abolished to form Plenmeller with Whitfield.

## Economy

Coal mining dominated the history of the area in recent times. Employment at Plenmeller colliery reached its peak in the early 1920s. When the colliery closed in 1932 it caused widespread hardship in the area. More recently coal has been extracted by open cast methods on Plenmeller Common and land then returned to a more natural landscape. The open cast mine was opened by John Northand CBE, Deputy Chairman of the British Coal Corporation, on 19 September 1991. By the time the site was completed in May 2002 there had been 1.91 million tonnes of coal extracted. RPC Containers Ltd., manufacturers of blow-moulded plastic containers, now operate from the site of the old colliery. There is a farm at the west side of the village.

## Landmarks

Unthank Hall is a Grade II listed mansion house, now serving as commercial offices, situated on the southern bank of the River South Tyne. The house, which was built in the 16th century, incorporating an ancient Pele tower, was substantially remodelled and extended in 1815. The Hall was later rebuilt between 1862 and 1865. Much of the 1865 house has since between demolished and only the central gables and entrance porch survive.

## Transport
### Rail

Plenmeller Halt on the Alston line opened in 1919 to serve the colliery. The halt closed in 1946 and was demolished but trains continued to stop as required until the 1960s. The village is now served by Haltwhistle railway station on the Tyne Valley line. The line was opened in 1838, and links Newcastle with Carlisle. The line follows the course of the River Tyne through Northumberland.
Passenger services on the Tyne Valley Line are operated by Northern. The line is also heavily used for freight.

### Road

The village lies just to the south of the A69 road as it bypasses Haltwhistle. The road is a major road running east–west across the Pennines, linking Newcastle upon Tyne with Carlisle in Cumbria.

## Etymology

It is generally agreed that the name "Plenmeller" is of Brythonic Celtic origin. The first element is most plausibly blajn meaning "summit" (c.f. Welsh blaen). The second element is more obscure. Suffixes of -maɣl, "chief" and -mę:l, "bare" are both possible. The attestation Plenmeneure from 1256 would favor the suffix -maɣn, "a stone".
# Everton Conger

Everton Judson Conger (April 25, 1834 – July 12, 1918) was an American officer during the Civil War who was instrumental in the capture of John Wilkes Booth, the assassin of President Abraham Lincoln, in a Virginia barn twelve days after Lincoln was shot.

## Biography

Everton Conger was born in Huron County, Ohio, in 1834. He was the son of Rev. Enoch Conger, a Presbyterian minister. In 1856, he moved to Fremont, Ohio, where he established a dental practice.
Conger enlisted in the Union army during the Civil War, initially as a private in the three-months 8th Ohio Infantry. When his term of enlistment expired, he returned to Fremont. On October 16, 1861, he married Emma "Kate" Boren, with whom he had five children. He later became a captain in the 3rd West Virginia Cavalry and eventually rose to the rank of lieutenant colonel of the 1st District of Columbia Cavalry. He suffered three severe wounds during combat and was assigned to detached duty in Washington, D.C., joining General Lafayette Baker's intelligence service as a detective.
Following the assassination of President Lincoln on April 14, 1865, Conger was ordered to accompany a detachment of 25 Union soldiers from the 16th New York Cavalry Regiment, led by Lieutenant Edward P. Doherty. The soldiers pursued Booth through Southern Maryland and across the Potomac and Rappahannock rivers to Richard Garrett's farm, just south of Port Royal, Caroline County, Virginia. Booth and his accomplice, David E. Herold, had been led to the farm by William Storke "Willie" Jett, formerly a private in the 9th Virginia Cavalry, whom they had met before crossing the Rappahannock.
Conger tracked down Jett and interrogated him, learning of Booth's location at the Garrett farm, and led the soldiers there. Arriving early in the morning of April 26, 1865, the soldiers found Booth and Herold hiding in a tobacco barn. Although Herold surrendered, Booth refused.
Conger set fire to the barn and Sergeant Boston Corbett mortally wounded Booth by shooting him in the neck. Booth was dragged from the barn and died on the porch of the Garrett farmhouse.
Conger removed Booth's personal effects, including a diary. Conger was given $15,000 as a reward for the successful operation. The city of Fremont gave him a pair of inscribed silver-handled pistols in recognition for his role in tracking down Booth.
Conger moved to Illinois, built a home, and practiced law in Carmi. Later he was appointed a United States District Court judge in the Montana Territory. He eventually moved to Hawaii to live with his daughter, dying there on July 12, 1918. He is buried in Mountain View Cemetery, Dillon, Montana.
# James F. Curtis

James Freeman Curtis II (December 19, 1825 – March 1, 1914), participant in the 1849 California Gold Rush, Chief of Police of San Francisco, officer in the California state militia and volunteer in the American Civil War.

## Biography

James Freeman Curtis was born December 19, 1825, in Boston, Massachusetts. His father died in a train accident in 1839. Not much is known about his father, except he was a midshipman on the USS Constitution in the War of 1812.
Curtis went to sea and in 1849 sailed around Cape Horn, and settled in San Francisco. In the 1850s, he was a leading member of the San Francisco Committee of Vigilance and was a member of the Society of California Pioneers.
He was also an active member of the California Militia and in 1854, was elected First Lieutenant of the California Guard, Light Battery, the oldest military company in the state organized in 1849. Curtis was the Chief of Police of San Francisco with his election to the office November 4, 1856, which he held until 1858.
During the Civil War, Curtis, joined the 4th Infantry Regiment California Volunteers as Major on September 2, 1861. His first assignment was as commander of Fort Colville, Washington Territory. In 1862 he became commander of Fort Lincoln, near Crescent City, California. On June 25, 1863 he was promoted lieutenant colonel and commander of Camp Drum, in Wilmington, California and of the Military District of Southern California. He took command of 4th Infantry Regiment California Volunteers, August 20, 1863 until it was disbanded by consolidation, November 30, 1865. On April 11, 1864 he was promoted Colonel of the 4th Infantry Regiment, and continued as commander of Camp Drum, and the Military District. He remained in Southern California for the duration of the war and was discharged November 30, 1865. In 1867 he was retroactively promoted to Brevet Brigadier General as of May 13, 1865, for meritorious conduct during the war.
After the Civil War he moved to Idaho where he became the secretary of state in 1892. He was also a member of the Grand Army of the Republic.
Curtis died March 1, 1914, in Boston, Massachusetts.
# Serre Mourene

The Serre Mourene is a pyrenean summit, located on the Franco-Spanish border between the cirques of Troumouse and Barrosa, culminating at 3,090 m (10,140 ft); it is the second highest summit of the massif de la Munia after the pic de la Munia.

## Topography

The summit is located on the pyrenean watershed in the central Pyrenees between the summits of la Munia and Troumouse.
# Iqbal Muhammad Ali Khan

Iqbal Muhammad Ali Khan (Urdu: اقبال محمد علی خان; 1 January 1958 – 19 April 2022) was a Pakistani politician who was a member of the National Assembly of Pakistan from August 2018 until his death. He had previously been a member of the National Assembly from 2002 to May 2018.

## Early life

Khan was born on 1 January 1958.

## Political career

Khan was elected to the National Assembly of Pakistan as a candidate of Muttahida Qaumi Movement (MQM) from Constituency NA-256 (Karachi-XVIII) in 2002 Pakistani general election. He received 39,196 votes and defeated Muhammad Hasim Siddiqui, a candidate of Muttahida Majlis-e-Amal (MMA).
He was re-elected to the National Assembly as a candidate of MQM from Constituency NA-256 (Karachi-XVIII) in 2008 Pakistani general election. He received 123,491 votes and defeated Mirza Maqbool Ahmed, a candidate of Pakistan Peoples Party (PPP).
He was re-elected to the National Assembly as a candidate of MQM from Constituency NA-256 (Karachi-XVIII) in 2013 Pakistani general election. He received 151,788 votes and defeated Muhammad Zubair Khan, a candidate of Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf (PTI).
He was re-elected to the National Assembly as a candidate of MQM from Constituency NA-240 (Korangi Karachi-II) in 2018 Pakistani general election.
# Michael DeGroote Institute for Infectious Disease Research

The Michael G. DeGroote Institute for Infectious Disease Research (IIDR) is a centre of infectious disease research affiliated with McMaster University. Founded in 2007, the IIDR houses over 40 principal investigators and 2000 trainees.
# Sam Blackham

Samuel Blackham (19 August 1890 – 1956) was an English footballer who played in the Football League for Bradford Park Avenue and Halifax Town.
# Theodore Pergande

Theodore Pergande (28 December 1840 – 23 March 1916) was a German-born American entomological pioneer known for his skills in rearing insects. He made careful observations on aphids and thrips and made collections and studies on North American ants, several of which, including the harvester ant Messor pergandei and the scale insect Parlatoria pergandii, have been named after him.

## Biography

Pergande was born in Germany and moved to the United States at the beginning of the American Civil War and served in the northern army. He had worked for a while as a mechanic in a gun works factory in Stettin and left Germany ostensibly to avoid marrying a girl from a Catholic family. After the war, he lived in St. Louis where he married a German, worked in a gun-making company, and collected insects on weekends. On one of his weekend collecting trips, he met Otto Lugger who was then retiring. Lugger recommended Pergande as an assistant to C.V. Riley, state entomologist in Missouri. When Riley moved to the US Department of Entomology, he took Pergande along. Pergande described many species of insects and was in-charge of rearing insects and was noted for his care in mounting specimens. Pergande was among the oldest members of the Entomological Society of Washington and was among the several other influential entomologists of German origin along with Hermann August Hagen, Eugene Amandus Schwarz, George Marx, A.J. Schafhirt, Otto Heidemann, Frederick Knab and Albert Koebele.
# Dimitrios Karagiannis

Dimitrios Karagiannis (Greek: Δημήτριος Καραγιάννης; born 27 February 2001) is a Greek professional footballer who plays as a centre-back for Diagoras.
# Lorenzo D. Immell

Lorenzo Dow Immell (June 18, 1837 – October 31, 1912) was a Union Army corporal in the American Civil War who received the U.S. military's highest decoration, the Medal of Honor.

## Biography

Immell was born June 18, 1837, in Ross County, Ohio, and joined the army from Fort Leavenworth, Kansas in August 1860. He was awarded the Medal of Honor, for extraordinary heroism shown at Wilson's Creek, Missouri, for bravery in action during the Battle of Wilson's Creek, while serving as a corporal with Company F, 2nd U.S. Artillery. He was discharged in February 1862. His Medal of Honor was issued on July 19, 1890.
Immell died at the age of 75, on October 31, 1912 and was buried in Jefferson Barracks National Cemetery, in Lemay, St. Louis, Missouri.

## Medal of Honor citation

   The President of the United States of America, in the name of Congress, takes pleasure in presenting the Medal of Honor to Corporal Lorenzo Dow Immell, United States Army, for extraordinary heroism on 10 August 1861, while serving with Company F, 2d U.S. Artillery, at Wilson's Creek, Missouri, for bravery in action.

## Later life

After the war, Immell settled in Franklin County, Missouri. On January 6, 1866, he married Libbie Frances Bell (July 5, 1847 – March 20, 1870). They had two children, one of whom died in infancy.
Left with a young daughter, Immell married Caroline Rumple (January 27, 1852 – August 27, 1874) on July 25, 1870. They had three children, all of whom died young.
On February 9, 1875, Immell married Julia Rhodus (born October 23, 1857). As of 1885, they had five children, two of whom died young.