OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Centar Župa Municipality

Centar Župa (Macedonian: Центар Жупа; Turkish: Merkez Jupa) is a municipality in the western part of North Macedonia. Centar Župa is also the name of the village where the municipal seat is found. Centar Župa Municipality is part of the Southwestern Statistical Region.

## History

After the Ottoman conquest in 1448, Kodžadžik was settled by Ottoman soldiers and Turkish nomads (Yörüks). The local church was converted to a mosque, and Kodžadžik, as part of the sanjak (district) Debra-i Bala, became a center that connected the southeast with Albania and the Adriatic Sea.
When North Macedonia proclaimed its independence in 1991, the Macedonian state implemented nationalist politics, which aimed to assimilate Macedonian Muslims into a broader category of "Macedonians". The government banned education in Turkish in all regions to "prevent Turkification". This, however, was met with resistance by Muslims who did not support the association and wanted to learn Turkish and continue their education in Turkish. The protests failed, although one person applied to the European Court of Human Rights. The case revolved around rights to education in the mother tongue.

## Geography

The municipality borders Struga Municipality to the south, Debar Municipality to the east, north and west, and Albania to the west.

## Demographics

Mothers tongues in the municipality include (2021):
* Turkish: 2,209 (59.4%)
* Macedonian: 962 (25.9%)
* Persons for whom data are taken from administrative sources: 324 (9.5%)
* Albanian: 192 (5.2%)
* Others: 3 (0.1%)
Ethnic groups in the municipality according to the 2021 North Macedonia census:
| | 2002 | 2002 | 2021 | 2021 |
| | Number | % | Number | % |
| TOTAL | 6,519 | 100 | 3,720 | 100 |
| Turks | 5,226 | 80.17 | 2,899 | 77.93 |
| Macedonians | 814 | 12.49 | 236 | 6.34 |
| Albanians | 454 | 6.96 | 187 | 5.03 |
| Bosniaks | | | 1 | 0.03 |
| Other / Undeclared / Unknown | 25 | 0.38 | 43 | 1.15 |
| Persons for whom data are taken from administrative sources | | | 354 | 9.52 |
# Hot fountain pen

The hot fountain pen, or red-hot fountain pen, is a small keyless single-reed woodwind instrument similar to a xaphoon, popularised in the 1920s and 30s by jazz saxophonist Adrian Rollini. It was first introduced in jazz band The California Ramblers by saxophonist Jimmy Dorsey in the mid-1920s, where Rollini, a fellow band member, encountered and adopted it. Rollini, who introduced several other instruments to jazz including the bass saxophone, couesnophone ("goofus") and vibraphone, named it from his friendship with Neil Waterman, a musician from the wealthy New York family that owned the Waterman Pen Company.
The instrument Rollini performed on was pitched in E♭ and about 27 centimetres (10½ inches) in length. He made at least two models for sale, in original E♭ and a larger model in C. These were made in ebonite by London instrument manufacturer Keith, Prowse & Co. and first advertised c. 1928 in British Melody Maker magazine.
Only a small number of instruments were made up until the mid-20th century, featuring mainly on recordings by Rollini and jazz violinist Joe Venuti. Its only other significant proponent was English musician Laurie Payne. In museums, one instrument survives in the Bate Collection of Musical Instruments, Oxford.
# Banknotes of the Sungei Buloh Settlement

The banknotes of the Sungei Buloh Settlement were issued as leprosy colony money in 1935 and 1936, at Sungai Buloh, Selangor, British Malaya when it was a leper colony. The currency (near money, actually scrip or vouchers) was pegged to the Straits Settlements dollar. These notes are extremely scarce. They were all printed by the Survey Department, Federated Malay States. They have never been listed in the Standard Catalog of World Paper Money.
The 1936 issue are all inscribed 'SUNGEI BULOH SETTLEMENT VALID FOR GOODS WORTH (x denomination) WITHIN THE SUNGEI BULOH SETTLEMENT ONLY' in English, Chinese, Arabic, and Tamil.

## First issue (1935)

This issue consisted of a single denomination— a 5-cents banknote bearing the date 4 February 1935. It is printed on only one side in English, Chinese, and Tamil.
* SPB1. 5 cents. Black on white (115 x 83 mm)

## Second issue (1936)

These notes depict a kingfisher sitting on a rock with the Sun rising in the background. They are printed on both sides. The 5-cent and 10-cent notes have a border pattern on the back with the numbers '5' and '10' at both ends, respectively. The $1 has a water buffalo-drawn cart on the back with the number '1' in a border pattern at both ends of the note.
* SPB2. 5 cents. Red. (120 x 63 mm)
* SPB3. 10 cents. Blue. (120 x 63 mm)
* SPB4. 1 dollar. Purple. (120 x 80 mm)

## Destruction

The Director, Dr. Gordon Alexander Ryrie, sent the special notes for examination and it was proved that the notes were not disease carriers. All special notes were burned in a bonfire in 1938.
# Roman Catholic Diocese of Witbank

The Roman Catholic Diocese of Witbank (Latin: Vitbanken(sis)) is a diocese located in the city of Witbank in the ecclesiastical province of Johannesburg in South Africa.

## History

* June 12, 1923: Established as Apostolic Prefecture of Lydenburg from the Apostolic Vicariate of Transvaal
* December 9, 1948: Promoted as Apostolic Vicariate of Lydenburg
* January 11, 1951: Promoted as Diocese of Lydenburg
* September 13, 1964: Renamed as Diocese of Lydenburg – Witbank
* November 10, 1987: Renamed as Diocese of Witbank

## Bishops

* Prefect Apostolic of Lydenburg (Roman rite)
** Fr. Giovanni Riegler, M.C.C.I. (1939.06.30 – 1948.12.09 see below)
* Vicar Apostolic of Lydenburg (Roman rite)
** Bishop Giovanni Riegler, M.C.C.I. (see above 1948.12.09 – 1951.01.11 see below)
* Bishops of Lydenburg (Roman rite)
** Bishop Giovanni Riegler, M.C.C.I. (see above 1951.01.11 – 1955.10.06)
** Bishop Anthony Reiterer, M.C.C.I. (1956.02.29 – 1964.09.13 see below)
* Bishops of Lydenburg – Witbank (Roman rite)
** Bishop Anthony Reiterer, M.C.C.I. (see above 1964.09.13 – 1983.02.25)
** Bishop Mogale Paul Nkhumishe (1984.01.09 – 1987.11.10 see below)
* Bishops of Witbank (Roman rite)
** Bishop Mogale Paul Nkhumishe (see above 1987.11.10 – 2000.02.17), appointed Bishop of Pietersburg
** Bishop Paul Mandla Khumalo, C.M.M. (2001.10.02 – 2008.11.24), appointed Archbishop of Pretoria
** Bishop Giuseppe Sandri, M.C.C.J. (2009.11.05 – 2019.05.30)
** Bishop Xolelo Thaddaeus Kumalo (since 2020.11.25)

### Auxiliary Bishop

* Mogale Paul Nkhumishe (1981–1984), appointed Bishop here

### Other priest of this diocese who became bishop

* João Noé Rodrigues, appointed Bishop of Tzaneen in 2010
# Banknotes of the Constantinople Estate (Johore)

The banknotes of the Constantinople Estate were the only banknotes that were ever issued for circulation on the estates of Tuan Syed Mohamed bin Ahmed Alsagoff with permission of the Johorean Government. They were printed by the Al Sa'aidi Press in Singapore. The extant notes, which are extremely rare, have hand-written signatures and stamped serial numbers. They are printed on only one side. They bear the date of 1 May 1878.
They have never been listed in the Standard Catalog of World Paper Money.

## Catalogue

* JPP1. 25 cents. Green. (126 x 113 mm).
* JPP2. 50 cents. Red-brown. (134 x 110 mm).
* JPP3. 1 dollar. Black. (127 x 106 mm).
* JPP4. 2 dollars. Brown. (134 x 106 mm).
# Usinaza

The Diocese of Usinaza (Latin: Dioecesis Usinazensis) is a suppressed and titular see of the Roman Catholic Church, in the province of Mauretania Caesariensis.
The seat of the Usinaza bishopric has been tentatively identified with Seneg in today's Algeria, though this is not certain.
The only known ancient bishop of this diocese is Donaziano, who took part in the synod assembled in Carthage in 484 by the Arian King, Huneric of the Vandal Kingdom, after which the bishop was exiled.
Today Usinaza survives as a titular bishopric and the current bishop is Marie Pierre François Auguste Gaschy, apostolic vicar emeritus of Saint Pierre and Miquelon.
# Princess Beatrice (disambiguation)

Princess Beatrice (born 1988) is the daughter of Prince Andrew, Duke of York, and granddaughter of Queen Elizabeth II.
Princess Beatrice may also refer to:

## People

* Beatrice of England (1242–1275), daughter of Henry III of England and Eleanor of Provence, married John II of Brittany
* Princess Beatrice of the United Kingdom (1857–1944), youngest child of Queen Victoria and Prince Albert of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha
* Beatrice Bhadrayuvadi (1876–1913), daughter of King Chulalongkorn of Siam
* Princess Beatrice of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha (1884–1966), youngest daughter of Alfred I, Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha, and Grand Duchess Maria Alexandrovna of Russia
* Infanta Beatriz of Spain (1909–2002), third child and elder daughter of King Alfonso XIII of Spain and Princess Victoria Eugenie of Battenberg
* Princess Beatrix of Hohenlohe-Langenburg (1936–1997), second child of Gottfried, Prince of Hohenlohe-Langenburg, and Princess Margarita of Greece and Denmark
* Beatrix of the Netherlands (born 1938), former Queen of the Netherlands
* Princess Béatrice of Bourbon-Two Sicilies (born 1950), eldest child of Prince Ferdinand, Duke of Castro, and Chantal de Chevron-Villette

## Other uses

* Beatrice, a MR 1738 Class locomotive built in 1885 for the Midland Railway and named after Princess Beatrice, who opened the Royal Jubilee Saltaire Exhibition of 1887 where the locomotive won a gold medal
* Princess Beatrice, a GWR 3031 Class locomotive built in 1899 for the Great Western Railway
* SS Princess Beatrice, a steamship that operated on the coast of British Columbia
# Vineet Kothari

Justice Vineet Kothari (born 2 September 1959) is an Indian Judge who is now a designated Senior Advocate practising at Supreme Court of India . He is former Acting Chief Justice of Gujarat High Court. He is Former Judge of Madras High Court, Karnataka High Court and Rajasthan High Court.

## Career

He born in a Jain family of chartered accountants. He completed B.Com.(Hons.) from Jodhpur university in 1978. After practising as a chartered accountant for 26 years, he served with distinction the Income Tax Appellate Tribunal for 15 years from 1989 to 2004. He was not the member of income tax appellate tribunal rather his elder brother Mr. B M kothari was member of income tax appellate tribunal.
He was elevated as Judge of Rajasthan High Court on 13 June 2005. Transferred as Judge of Karnataka High Court on 18 April 2016. Transferred as Judge of Madras High Court on 23 November 2018. Transferred as Judge of Gujarat High Court on 4 January 2021. Appointed as Acting Chief Justice of Gujarat High Court on 31 August 2021 consequent upon the appointment of Justice Vikram Nath as a Judge of Supreme Court of India. He was retired on 1 September 2021.
# Dieulacres Chronicle

The Dieulacres Chronicle (Latin:Chronicon monasterii Dieulacrensis) is a 14th-century English chronicle that was written at the Cistercian Dieulacres Abbey in Staffordshire. It has three parts: the first is a description of England that borrows from Bede, Ranulf Higden and Gerald of Wales; the second is a history of the earls of Chester and Dieulacres Abbey dating to the 13th century; and the third is a history of England spanning the years from 1337-1403. After Henry Bolingbroke and Thomas Arundel invaded England and deposed Richard II, a number of chronicles, including Dieulacres were edited by newly appointed scribes to support Henry's Lancastrian claim to the throne.
# Trabzon Subregion

The Trabzon Subregion (Turkish: Trabzon Alt Bölgesi, TR90) is a statistical subregion in the eastern Black Sea region of Turkey.

## Provinces

* Trabzon Province (TR901)
* Ordu Province (TR902)
* Giresun Province (TR903)
* Rize Province (TR904)
* Artvin Province (TR905)
* Gümüşhane Province (TR906)
# Oca (river)

The Oca river is a short river, about 70 kilometres (43 mi) long, in the north of Spain. It is an affluent of the Ebro river that flows through the province of Burgos. It begins in the Sistema Ibérico range and flows north through the municipalities of Rábanos, Villafranca Montes de Oca, Valle de Oca, Alcocero de Mola, Prádanos de Bureba, Briviesca, Vileña, the shire of Bureba and Oña.
The Oca River rises in the comarca of Montes de Oca, near the town of Rábanos. Near its source, the river passes through the narrow, rock-lined gorge of La Hoz. This passage, 700 metres (2,300 ft) long and 100 metres (330 ft) high, was of great strategic value in the 11th century and was defended by the castle of Alba.

## Affluents

From the right, the Oca receives the waters of the river Matapán and the streams Valsorda and Penches, while on the left it receives the waters of the rivers Cerratón, Anguilas and Homino, and the streams Valdazo and Hoyo.
# The Big Bad Wolf (2013 film)

The Big Bad Wolf (French: Le Grand méchant loup) is a 2013 French comedy film directed by Nicolas Charlet and Bruno Lavaine. A remake of the 2007 Canadian film The 3 L'il Pigs (Les 3 p'tits cochons), the film centres on three brothers living in Versailles who react to the terminal illness of their mother by having extramarital affairs.

## Cast

* Benoît Poelvoorde as Philippe Delcroix
* Kad Merad as Louis Delcroix
* Fred Testot as Henri Delcroix
* Valérie Donzelli as Nathalie Delcroix
* Charlotte Le Bon as Natacha
* Zabou Breitman as Victoire Delcroix
* Cristiana Reali as Eléonore de Saint-André
* Léa Drucker as Patricia Delcroix
* Linh Dan Pham as Lai
* Marie-Christine Barrault as Madame Delcroix
* Denis Podalydès as Doctor Stanislas de Lastic
# Debagandhari

Debagandhari (Odia: ଦେବଗାନ୍ଧାରୀ, romanized: debagāndhāri) is a rāga belonging to the tradition of Odissi music. Falling under the meḷa of the same name, the raga uses komala dhaibata and is traditionally associated with the karuṇa rasa.

## Structure

The raga is sampurna or heptatonic in its aroha and abaroha (ascent and descent). Its aroha-abaroha are given below :
Aroha : S R G M P d N S
Abaroha : S N d P M G R S
The raga dwells or does nyasa on the panchama, as per tradition and evokes a pensive mood.

## Compositions

Some of the well-known traditional compositions in this raga include :
* Jaa Re Jaa, Brajaraja Nagare Tu Jaa by Lokanath Pattanayaka
* Pranabandhua Aja To Anauni Nua by Kabisurjya Baladeba Ratha
# Sindhri (town)

Sindhri (Sindhi: سِنڌِڙي, Urdu: سِندھڑى) is the biggest area and a town located in the Mirpur Khas District of the Sindh province of Pakistan. Previously, it was part of Tharparkar District in Sindh. Muhammad Khan Junejo, former prime minister of Pakistan, was born in this town.
Sindhri is also a type of mango grown in Sindh.25°43′N 69°08′E﻿ / ﻿25.717°N 69.133°E﻿ / 25.717; 69.133
# Oktyabrsky, Duvansky District, Republic of Bashkortostan

Oktyabrsky (Russian: Октябрьский) is a rural locality (a village) in Duvansky Selsoviet, Duvansky District, Bashkortostan, Russia. The population was 220 as of 2010. There are 4 streets.

## Geography

Oktyabrsky is located 63 km west of Mesyagutovo (the district's administrative centre) by road. Potapovka is the nearest rural locality.
# Shishani

Shishani (Chechen: Шишани; Arabic: شيشاني, lit. 'Chechen') is a common family name among the Chechen diaspora in the Arab world.
* Muhammed Bashir Ismail ash-Shishani, Jordanian statesman and major general
* Mohammad Omar Shishani (born 1989), Jordanian football player
* Abu Omar al-Shishani, Georgian militant, member of the Islamic State
# Udi Gal

Udi Gal (Hebrew: אודי גל; born June 11, 1979) is an Israeli Olympic sailor, who is a sailing world championship three-time bronze medalist.

## Biography

Gal is Jewish, and was born in Tel Aviv, Israel. He started sailing at 8 years of age, and started racing at 13 years of age. He competes with the club Hapoel Tel Aviv. He competed with partner Gideon Kliger in two-man competitions from the outset of his career, through 2009.
The first event he won was the Youth Europeans 420, in 1996. In 1998 he and Kliger won the European Youth Championships, and in 2001 they finished second in the European Championship in Ireland.
In 2004 he was chosen as chair of the Israel Olympic Committee's athletes section.
He and Kliger won bronze medals in the Sailing 470 World Championship for three straight years in Men's 470-Class Two-Person Dinghy — in 2006–08. In June 2007, he came in third in the Men's 470 ISAF Sailing World Championships, in Cascais, Portugal. In January 2008, he came in third in the Men 470 World Championships, in Melbourne, Australia. In April 2008, he and Kliger were ranked third in the world in the 470 class dinghy.
Gal and Kliger competed on behalf of Israel at the 2004 Summer Olympics in the Sailing at the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens, Greece, and on behalf of Israel at the 2008 Summer Olympics in Sailing at the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing, China, in Men's 470-Class Two-Person Dinghy, coming in 15th and 14th, respectively.
He coaches Israeli Olympians Eyal Levin and Dan Froyliche, who are competing on behalf of Israel at the 2016 Summer Olympics, in the 470.
Gal moved to the San Francisco/Bay Area to pursue a master's degree in Sports Psychology from John F. Kennedy University, and began coaching youth sailing at Peninsula Youth Sailing Foundation (PYSF). In 2021, Gal left PYSF to start his own youth sailing program, High Performance Center (HPC)
As a coach at the 2021 i420 world championships, he helped lead team USA to three gold medals.
# Fleuve

The Fleuve is a breed of horse from Senegal, in West Africa. Its name is the French word for "big river"; it is named for the Senegal River (French: Fleuve Sénégal). It is one of four Senegalese horse breeds, the others being the Foutanké, the M'Bayar and the M'Par.$^{:23}$

## History

The origins of the horse in Senegal are not documented.$^{:261}$ The Fleuve derives from Sahel-type horses from the Hodh and Kayes regions of modern-day Mauretania and Mali, to the north of Senegal.$^{:262}$ Those in turn are descended from Barb horses from the Maghreb countries further to the north.$^{:14}$ The Fleuve has been described as a "degenerate Barb".$^{:37–38}$
In 1996, Senegal had a horse population of about 400,000 head, the largest of any West African country.$^{:36}$ This was a substantial increase from the 216,000 reported in 1978,$^{:10}$ and a much greater increase from the population after the Second World War, estimated at barely 30,000.$^{:260}$ Population numbers for the Fleuve are not reported. In 2007 the FAO did not have data from which to estimate the conservation status of the breed.$^{:101}$

## Characteristics

The Fleuve is normally grey. It is a well-made horse, with a fine head and slender legs; it is energetic, with lively gaits. Poor examples may be too narrow in the chest, or have insufficient bone in the legs.$^{:37}$

## Use

Horses play an important part in the social and economic life in Senegal.$^{:52}$ The Fleuve was once the horse of chieftains; it is now used as a saddle-horse and for horse-racing.$^{:15}$
It is also used in cross-breeding: a cross between a Fleuve stallion and an M'Bayar mare gives rise to the type called Foutanké.$^{:15}$
# Bursa Anadolu Lisesi

Bursa Anatolian High School (Turkish: Bursa Anadolu Lisesi; BAL), is a public boarding secondary school in Bursa, Turkey. BAL is one of the most prominent high schools in the West Anatolian area. It was established in 1970 as Education College (Maarif Koleji) and later was renamed as Bursa Anatolian High School becoming the first Anatolian High School in Bursa Province. The education of BAL is in English. German and French are taught as foreign languages, as well. Moreover, in 2008, BAL has been selected and awarded by Turkish Ministry of National Education as the best secondary school in Turkey.

## Education

Admission to the school is through a special entrance exam. Until 1974 this exam was performed by the exam commissions set up in the school under the supervision of Provincial National Education Admission. Since 1974 a single exam for all Anadolu High Schools is performed centrally by Ministry of National Education.
Until 2000-2001 educational year, the school’s education period was seven years (which were completely in English): a year of English preparation class, three years of intermediate school, and three years of high school. Since then, the education period is four years which includes a year of preparation class and three years of high school including grades 9-11. The school has an enrollment of 900-950 students.
40°12′37″N 29°01′06″E﻿ / ﻿40.2104°N 29.0184°E﻿ / 40.2104; 29.0184Also the New Year Kareoke Competition has been coordinating annually since 2007. This activity can be coordinated by students' contributions mostly. After 2017, this competition also evolved in another category called as Show Presentations. This includes mostly dancing and humorous events. In 2019 Ballas's Show was selected as the best superior one across the years and Hall of Fame Reward has given them.
# Karigasniemi

Karigasniemi (Northern Sami: Gáregasnjárga) is a village in the municipality of Utsjoki in Finland. It lies at the foot of Mount Ailigás.
The village is situated on the border between Norway and Finland 18 kilometres (11 mi) south-east of the Norwegian village of Karasjok. It lies on the banks of the river Inarijoki (Anarjohka), which, downstream of Karigasniemi, joins the river Karasjohka to form the famous salmon fishing river Tana.
Karigasniemi lies on the road between the Finnish town of Ivalo and Lakselv in Norway.
Karigasniemi is home to about 300 people, of which more than half are Sámi. There are one grocery store, two petrol stations and three bars and restaurants, mostly because of a lot of border traffic from the Norwegian side. There is also a school and a small health care center in the village.
Karigasniemi is also a junction point where travelers can choose the road to Nordkapp or other places at the Arctic Ocean.
# Neelam Kumari

Neelam Kumari (Urdu: نیلم کُماری), is a Pakistani politician who is member of the National Assembly of Pakistan.

## Political career

Kumari was allotted a reserved seat for minorities in National Assembly of Pakistan after 2024 Pakistani general election as part of the reserved quota for Pakistan Muslim League (N).
On 13 May 2024, the Election Commission of Pakistan (ECP) suspended her membership as a member of the National Assembly. This action followed a Supreme Court of Pakistan decision to suspend the verdict of the Peshawar High Court, which had denied the allocation of a reserved seat to the PTI-Sunni Ittehad Council bloc.
# Foscagno Pass

Foscagno Pass (Italian: Passo di Foscagno, Romansh: Pass da Fus-chagn) (el. 2291 m.) is a high mountain pass in the Alps in the province of Sondrio, northern Italy.
The road (SS 301) connects Bormio in the east and Livigno in the west. It is the only link between Livigno and the rest of Italy, and is usually open all year round.
This route also includes the subsidiary Eira Pass (Italian: Passo d'Eira) (2209 m) which lies between the Foscagno Pass and Livigno itself. Here lies the village of Trepalle, part of Livigno municipality, and one of Europe's highest inhabited parishes.
Although both sides of the pass are in the same country, Italy, you are required to pass through customs at the top. This is due to the duty-free status of Livigno.
The pass is located on the main alpine watershed. Water on the north side of the pass flows down into the Inn and Danube, whereas water on the south side flows down into the Adda and Po.