OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Sápmi Pride

Sápmi Pride (Inari Sami: Säämi Pride; Northern Sami: Sápmi Pride; Southern Sami: Saepmie Pride) is a pride festival with Sápmi focus arranged annually since 2014.

## History

The festival, organised by Queering Sápmi, took place for the first time in 2014 in Kiruna, in Lapland. The festival, which went on for four days, featured a performance by Sápmi singer Sofia Jannok, and a parade of 300 participants which traveled through the central city. The following year, the festival took place in Karasjok Municipality in Northern Norway. Maxida Märak performed at the festival and there were workshops with Asta Balto and Erland Elias. The fourth Sápmi pride took place in Inari in Finland in 2017, the first time the event had been held in Finnish Sápmi. The theme of the festival was generations and solidarity, and it featured discussions with journalist Martta Alajärvi, drama director Pauliina Feodoroff. In 2018, Sápmi Pride took place in Östersund in Sweden.

## Events

| Year | Location | Sami names | Sami languages |
| 2014 | Kiruna | Giron | Northern |
| 2015 | Karasjok | Kárášjohka | Northern |
| 2016 | Kautokeino | Guovdageaidnu | Northern |
| 2017 | Inari | Aanaar/Aanar/Anár | Inari/Skolt/Northern |
| 2018 | Östersund | Staare | Southern |
| 2019 | Trondheim | Tråante | Southern |
| 2021 | Utsjoki | Ohcejohka/Uccjuuhâ/Uccjokk | Northern/Inari/Skolt |
| 2022 | Jokkmokk | Jåhkåmåhkke/Johkamohkki | Lule/Northern |
| 2023 | Hetta | Heahttá | Northern |
| 2024 | Bodø | Bådåddjo/Buvvda/Budejju | Lule/Pite/Northern |
# Marcin Wodziński

Marcin Wodziński is a professor of Jewish studies at the University of Wrocław, where he heads the Taube Department of Jewish Studies. His research is centered on the 19th century social history of Jews in Silesia and Eastern Europe (chiefly the areas that had historically comprised Poland), and particularly on Haskalah and the Hasidic movement within Judaism.
He has employed both qualitative as well as geospatial and quantitative methods in his study of Hasidism playing a pioneering role in the understanding of geographic factors in its development in former Poland and Eastern Europe. This approach features notably in his Historical Atlas of Hasidism, complemented by his other closely interrelated books on the movement's history in the context of wider socio-historical processes in the region: with Hasidism: Key Questions, Hasidism: A New History (co-authored) and Studying Hasidism: Sources, Methods, Perspectives (co-edited).
His interest in digital methods in humanities resulted also in his contributions to several projects, among others to the Yerusha project, where Wodziński was responsible for the Polish section, and to several ongoing projects focused on the collection, analysis and publication of data along with tools for digital historical analysis, in cooperation with several universities in Israel (Bar Ilan, Haifa University, Open University of Israel) and Toronto University.
He was the editor-in-chief of the biannual of the Polish Association of Jewish Studies, Studia Judaica in the years 2009–2018 and, since 2021, he has served as the editor-in-chief of the European Journal of Jewish Studies, published by the European Association for Jewish Studies.
Wodziński worked as a historical consultant at the POLIN Museum of the History of Polish Jews in Warsaw, Poland in the years 2000–2014, for two of which he was the museum's senior historian (2010–2012). He was the head of the team responsible for the 19th century section of the permanent exhibition. Since then, he has been a member of the museum's Historical Committee.
He is a member of the Academia Europaea and the Polish Academy of Sciences.

## Books

* Hebrew Inscriptions in Silesia 13th – 18th Century (1996)
* Graves of Zaddikim in Poland. On the Funeral Literature of Hasidim and its Contexts (1998)
* Jewish Cemetery in Lesko. Part 1: 16th and 17th Centuries (co-authored with Andrzej Trzciński) (2002)
* Bibliography on the History of Silesian Jewry II (2004)
* Haskalah and Hasidism in the Kingdom of Poland: A History of Conflict (2005)
* Judaica in the archival collection of the Central Religious Authorities of the Kingdom of Poland: Archival guide (2010)
* Hasidism in the Kingdom of Poland, 1815–1867: Historical Sources in the Polish State Archives (2011)
* Hasidism and Politics: The Kingdom of Poland, 1815–1864 (2013)
* Historical Atlas of Hasidism (with cartography by Waldemar Spallek) (2018), Princeton University Press
* Hasidism: Key Questions (2018) Oxford University Press
* Hasidism: A New History (co-authored with David Assaf, David Biale, Benjamin Brown, Uriel Gellman, Samuel Heilman, Moshe Rosman, Gad Sagiv) (2018) Princeton University Press
# Judah ibn Kuraish

Judah ibn Kuraish (Hebrew: יהודה אבן קריש, Arabic: يهوذا بن قريش, fl. 8th-9th centuries CE), was an Algerian-Jewish grammarian and lexicographer. He was born at Tiaret in Algeria and flourished in the 9th century. While his grammatical works advanced little beyond his predecessors, he was the first to study comparative philology in Hebrew, Aramaic, and Arabic. He recognized that the various Semitic languages are derived from one source and that although they are different in their development, they are subject to the same linguistic laws. Judah's grammatical researches were original, and he maintained his views regardless of the Mishnah and the Talmud so he has been erroneously considered a Karaite.

## Risalah

His Risalah, a letter in Arabic but written in the Hebrew script, to the community at Fes (ed. Bargès and Goldberg, Paris, 1857), is the earliest known contribution to the critical study of the Semitic languages. The work is divided into three sections, with an introduction. He warns the community not to neglect the study of the Targumim since they are important for a correct knowledge of the Bible, which contains many Aramaisms. In the first section, he compares biblical words to similar Aramaic words. In the second section, he compares biblical words to later Rabbinic Hebrew. He makes the comparison for 17 words even if they do not have a direct comparison. The third section is structured differently from the other two in that he does not deal with individual words. Instead, he deals with the larger relationship between the three Semitic languages. He explores ideas such as the interchange of letters or pronunciation, the presence or loss of certain weaker letters in roots like the Nun, the changes of letters used in tenses, changes in gender in names and number and additional vowels or the lack thereof. An additional section is attached to the third section in which he examines the relationship between Arabic and Hebrew. In particular, he notes the alternations of Aleph with Ayin, Ayin with Ghain, Zayin with Dalet, Tsade with Teth, Shin with Taw, etc.
He is also said to have written, in addition to the Risalah, a dictionary and a book on the Commandments. However, little is known about them. Although he mentions his dictionary in the Risalah, nothing remains of it or his other book.

## Sources

* Goldberg, preface to the Risalah, Paris, 1857
* Gustav Karpeles, Geschichte der Jüdischen Literatur, i. 435 et seq., Berlin, 1886
* Winter and Wünsche, Die Jüdische Litteratur, ii.142-144.
# Nowa Wieś, Piaseczno County

Nowa Wieś is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Tarczyn, within Piaseczno County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately 6 kilometres (4 mi) west of Tarczyn, 22 km (14 mi) south-west of Piaseczno, and 33 km (21 mi) south-west of Warsaw.
# Nowa Wieś Kosowska

Nowa Wieś Kosowska is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Kosów Lacki, within Sokołów County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately 5 kilometres (3 mi) east of Kosów Lacki, 20 km (12 mi) north of Sokołów Podlaski, and 93 km (58 mi) north-east of Warsaw.
# Snefrid Aukland

Snefrid Erika Aukland (née Kjølstad, October 5, 1884 – January 14, 1977) was a Norwegian actress.

## Family

Snefrid Aukland was the daughter of the orthopedist and lawyer Thorvald Nils Gotfrid Essendrop Kjølstad (1832–1910) and the actress Elly Kjølstad (1850–1930). She was the niece of the actress Mathilde Nielsen. She was married to the engineer Ernst Bernhard Aukland (1894–1969). She also performed under the names Erika Warnecke and Snefrid Warnecke.

## Acting career

Snefrid Aukland took part in the National Touring Theater (Norwegian: Nationalturnéen), a troupe led by the theater manager Ludovica Levy, from 1907 to 1911. From 1913 to 1917, she worked at the Norwegian Theater. In 1917, she sailed on SS Bergensfjord to New York City to seek her fortune. At the time, she was registered as an extra living in Kongsberg. She later returned to Norway. In the fall of 1931 she took part in the Chat Noir revue, under the direction of Victor Bernau, and in the 1930s she was on several tours with Bjørn Bjørnevik's theatre, where she performed in the plays Augustas lille feiltrinn (1935) and No'n er gifte – og andre har det godt (1939).
Aukland appeared in several Norwegian films. She made her film debut in 1928 in Ragnar Westfelt's Viddenes folk, and she also appeared in the first Norwegian sound film, Den store barnedåpen, in 1931.
For many years, Aukland was a prompter and a prop assistant at the National Theater in Oslo, where she was nicknamed Føyka.

## Modeling

Snefrid Aukland was one of the first models for the painter Henrik Sørensen, and she is portrayed, among other works, in his painting Artister (Performers) in the Rasmus Meyer art collection in Bergen.

## Selected theater roles

* The old hag in Tyrihans by Hulda Garborg (Norwegian Theater, 1914)
* Krestna in Ungen by Oskar Braaten (Norwegian Theater, 1915)
* Anna in Per Olsen og Kjerringa hans (Outdoor Theater at Bygdøy, 1926)
* Mrs. Vom in the children's comedy Knold og Tot by Knut Hergel (Oslo Theater, 1927)
* Augusta in Augustas lilla felsteg (Norwegian title: Augustas lille feiltrinn) by Siegfried Fischer (Bjørnevik Theater, 1935)

## Filmography

* 1928: Viddenes folk as a sorceress
* 1931: Den store barnedåpen as a woman
* 1942: Trysil-Knut as an old woman
* 1944: Ti gutter og en gjente as a hoarder
* 1951: Storfolk og småfolk as a woman in the village
# Peter of Rates

Peter of Rates (Portuguese: Pedro de Rates), also known in English as Peter of Braga, is traditionally considered to be the first bishop of Braga between the years AD 45 and 60. Tradition says he was ordered to preach the Christian faith by James the Great, and that Peter of Rates was martyred while attempting to convert the locals to the Christian faith in northern Portugal. The ancient Breviary of Braga (Breviarium Bracarense) and the Breviary of Evora hold that Peter of Rates was a disciple of James and preached in Braga. However, the Bollandists say that this claim is "purely traditional."

## Life

The document holds that James, one of the apostles of Christ, visited the northwest of the Iberian Peninsula in AD 44. One of his alleged visits occurred at Serra de Rates, in the current municipality of Póvoa de Varzim. During his visit, the apostle is said to have ordained the local Peter of Rates as the first bishop of Braga. This is probably a myth, given that it is proven that James was celebrating Easter in Jerusalem precisely in this year.
It is believed that Peter of Rates was beheaded while converting believers of the Roman religion to the Christian faith.

## The discovery of Peter's body

Centuries later, around the 9th century, the discovery of Peter's body was attributed to Felix the Hermit, a fisherman of Villa Mendo, an ancient Roman villa that existed until the early years of the Kingdom of Portugal, and rediscovered in the 20th century under the sand dunes of Rio Alto in Estela, also in Póvoa de Varzim.
Felix had left home and settled in the biggest hill of the area, which is today known as São Félix Hill. According to legend, Félix regularly observed a light in the darkness of the night from the hill. One day, curious about the light's origins, Felix came upon the body of Peter of Rates. On that spot, the Romanesque Monastery of Rates was built, and the relics kept there until 1552; in that year the body was transferred to Braga Cathedral, where it is still kept. Scientific studies suggest that the body kept in Braga is from a 9th-century child.

## Miraculous fountains

In the civil parishes of Balasar and Rates in Póvoa de Varzim, there are two fountains that the population believes are miraculous because they were used by Peter.
In the 18th century, there are descriptions that Peter of Rates was beheaded while drinking the waters of the fountain in Balasar. The population believes that two indentations on the fountain are impressions from his knees. At the fountain of Rates, a stone is believed to cure in cases of sterility. Due to that belief, on 26 April every year, the feast day of Saint Peter of Rates, the pregnant women and female animals do not work in some villages.
# Albert Dickin

Albert Edward Dickin (11 January 1901 – 5 May 1955) was a British freestyle swimmer and diver who competed in the 1920 Summer Olympics, 1924 Summer Olympics, and 1928 Summer Olympics.
In 1920 he was eliminated in the first round of the 100-metre freestyle event as well as of the plain high diving competition. Four years later he finished fifth with the British team in the 4×200-metre freestyle relay. In the 100-metre freestyle event as well as of the plain high diving competition he was eliminated in the first round again. At the 1928 Games he was a member of the British team which finished sixth in the 4×200-metre freestyle relay contest.
His brother Jack Dickin also swam the 100-metre freestyle event in the 1920 Summer Olympics.
# Bnaya

Bnaya (Hebrew: בְּנַיָה) is a moshav in central Israel. Located in the westernmost portion of the Shephelah near Ashdod, Gedera and Yavne, it falls under the jurisdiction of Brenner Regional Council. In 2022 it had a population of 745.

## History

The village was founded in 1949 by Jewish immigrants from Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Poland and Romania, and was initially named Yavne HaDromit (יבנה הדרומית, lit. Southern Yavne) due to its location south of the town. However, later after a process of metathesis of the word "Yavne" the name was changed to Bnaya, named after "an officer under David" mentioned in 1 Chronicles 11:22, a member of the tribe of Simeon (1 Chronicles 4:36) dwelling in this area.
# Bagh Kheyrat

Bagh Kheyrat (Persian: باغ خيرات, also Romanized as Bāgh Kheyrāt and Bāghkheyrāt) is a village in Beyhaq Rural District, Sheshtomad District, Sabzevar County, Razavi Khorasan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 337, in 111 families.
# Nowa Góra, Masovian Voivodeship

Nowa Góra is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Staroźreby, within Płock County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland.
# Nowa Iwiczna

Nowa Iwiczna (pronounced) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Lesznowola, within Piaseczno County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately 5 kilometres (3 mi) east of Lesznowola, 3 km (2 mi) north-west of Piaseczno, and 15 km (9 mi) south of Warsaw.
# Mohamed Abulasʽad El-ʽAlem

Mohamed Abulasʽad El-ʽAlem (محمد أبو الأسعاد العالم, Mohammad Abu al-ʼAsʽad al-ʽAlim) was the mufti of Tripolitania from 1945 to 1951 and elected President of the Libyan National Assembly in 1951. He was a signatory to the original Libyan Constitution of 1951, along with two Vice-Presidents of the National Assembly, Omar Faiek Shennib and Abu Baker Ahmed Abu Baker.
# Tolko tebe

Only for You is a studio album of Sofia Rotaru, recorded at Melodiya in the USSR in 1979. This is one of the rare art works where her first name is spelled with an "h" as Sophia instead of typical Sofia.

## Track listing

| # | English title | Original language title | Time |
| 1. | "John, John" Lyrics: Music: | Romanian: Ioane, Ioane/ Иоане, Иоане | 02:49 |
| 2. | "Spring" Lyrics: Music: | Romanian: Primăvară/Примэварэ | 03:45 |
| 3. | "Echo of Your Steps" Lyrics: Music: | Ukrainian: Vidlunnʲa tvojix krokiv/Відлуння твоїх кроків | 03:24 |
| 4. | "Give Me the Wings" Lyrics: Music: | Russian: Daj krylʲia mnʲe/Дай крылья мне | 04:54 |
| 5. | "Road" Lyrics: Music: | Ukrainian: Doroga/Дорога | 04:08 |
| 6. | Lyrics: Music: | Ukrainian: Čerešnevа haj/Черешнева гай | 02:55 |
| 7. | "Common Story" Lyrics: Music: | Russian: Obyčnaja istorija/Обычная история | 05:20 |
| 8. | "Only For You" Lyrics: Music: | Russian: Tolʲko tʲebʲe/Только тебе | 05:23 |
| 9. | "Believe Me" Lyrics: Music: | Romanian: Crede mă/Креде мэ | 03:36 |

## Languages of performance

Songs are performed in Russian, Ukrainian and Romanian languages.
# Graf Zeppelin

Graf Zeppelin (German: Count Zeppelin) may refer to:

## People

* Count Ferdinand Adolf Heinrich August Graf von Zeppelin (1838–1917), German officer, engineer, and founder of the Zeppelin airship company
* Counts of Zeppelin (Grafen von Zeppelin) [de]
* Eberhard Moritz Adolph Albert Graf von Zeppelin (1842–1906), Count of Zeppelin
* Amethé Gwendolen Marion Mackenzie Smeaton Gräfin von Zeppelin (born 1896), Countess of Zeppelin

## Transportation and vehicles

* LZ 127 Graf Zeppelin, a German rigid airship 1928–1937, named after Count Zeppelin
* LZ 130 Graf Zeppelin II, the second airship of the Hindenburg class, 1938–1940, named after Count Zeppelin
* Graf Zeppelin-class aircraft carriers, two German Kriegsmarine aircraft carriers laid down in the mid-1930s, named after Count Zeppelin
** German aircraft carrier Graf Zeppelin, the first ship of this class

## Other uses

* Naval Air Wing 3 "Graf Zeppelin"
* Graf Zeppelin Barracks, Calw, Germany
* Graf Zeppelin (march), a musical composition by Carl Teike
# National Museum of Military History (Luxembourg)

The National Museum of Military History (Luxembourgish: Nationale Militärgeschichtsmusée, French: Musée national d'histoire militaire, German: Nationales Museum für Militärgeschichte), abbreviated to MNHM, is a national museum in Diekirch, in north-eastern Luxembourg, that includes amongst its exhibits military vehicles and weaponry, a photographic archive, and lifesize dioramas displaying military servicemen and actions.

## Museum

The museum originally developed out of the Diekirch Historical Museum (opened in 1984), which was primarily dedicated to the Battle of the Bulge in Luxembourg in winter 1944–45. The museum is located in the complex of the Diekirch 'old brewery', 200m from the town center.
The main topic of the museum remains the balanced and objective historical representation of the military operations in the Ardennes from the American, German, and civilian points of view. Over 3000 square metres of exhibition space and numerous lifesize dioramas enable an insight of the dramatic and tragic situations that both soldiers and civilians were caught in. Special showrooms feature extensive collections of weapons, uniforms, military equipment of all kind, wheeled and tracked vehicles, in addition to numerous personal soldiers' belongings, photographs, documents, and maps. The museum's core piece is the detailed mock-up of the night-time Sauer river crossing at Diekirch on January 18, 1945 by units of the United States 5th Infantry Division. The museum's World War II collection is regarded as one of the finest of Western Europe.
A second part of the MNHM museum is dedicated to the history of the military of Luxembourg since the creation of Luxembourg as a state, until present. A number of large-scale dioramas cover key aspects and periods of the Luxembourgian army since the Second World War. Other sections are dedicated to Luxembourgers fighting in allied armies in the First World War, the Second World War, and during the Korean War. United Nations missions in which Luxembourg has participated are also covered and special displays provide an overview of daily military life.
The National Museum of Military History is a founding member of the Belgian-Luxembourg Association of the Museums of the Battle of the Ardennes (AMBA) and a European partner of the National World War II Museum in New Orleans, in the United States.

## Gallery

* US - First Aid
* US - AA gun
* US - Bomb
* Courier with Panzerfaust
# Trauttmansdorff Castle Gardens

The Gardens of Trauttmansdorff Castle (German: Die Gärten von Schloss Trauttmansdorff; Italian: I Giardini di Castel Trauttmansdorff) are botanical gardens located on the grounds of Trauttmansdorff Castle in Meran, Italy. The gardens are open daily in the warmer months; an admission fee is charged.

## History

The gardens were initially laid out circa 1850 by Count Joseph von Trauttmansdorff (1788-1870) during the castle's restoration. Empress Elisabeth of Austria was a frequent visitor to Meran and the gardens. A bronze bust in her memory was placed in the gardens after her assassination in Geneva in 1898.
After being used for other purposes the original gardens disappeared. Between 1994 and 2001, a completely new garden was planted around the castle. In 2001 the new Trauttmansdorff botanical gardens were opened to public.

## Gardens

Today, the castle grounds contain about 80 dedicated gardens with local and exotic plants, organized by region of origin, including typical landscapes of South Tyrol. Principal features of interest include:
* Forests of the world – conifers and deciduous trees from the Americas and Asia.
* Oleander Steps – flowering oleander, an ancient olive tree, etc.
* Sun Gardens – cultivated plants of the Mediterranean, including cypress, figs, grapevines, lavender, and Italy's northernmost olive grove.
* Water and Terraced Gardens – various gardens, including a formal Italian garden, English garden, and sensual garden.
* The landscapes of South Tyrol – testimony of the ancient vegetation of the Valle dell'Adige.
The gardens also contain Aesculapian Snakes in their natural habitat, courtesy of the Alpine Zoo of Innsbruck, an aviary, a Japanese alluvial forest, rice terraces, and tea plantations.
* Rice terraces in the Sun Gardens
* View of the fountain
* A collection of succulent plants in the Water and Terraced Gardens
* Iceland poppy (Papaver nudicaule) field
* View of the gardens
* Bronze bust of Empress Elisabeth, who was a frequent visitor
# Tellus of Athens

Tellus (Greek: Τέλλος) was an Athenian statesman featured in Herodotus's Histories, in which the wise man Solon describes him as the happiest man ever.
This characterization arose during an exchange between Solon and Croesus, the wealthy king of Lydia. When Croesus, flaunting his immense wealth, inquired of Solon if he knew of anyone happier than himself, Solon responded with his now-famous adage, 'Call no man happy until he is dead.' In this context, he cited Tellus as an exemplar of happiness, and referenced Tellus as a noteworthy example of his philosophy.
To quote Herodotus:
   Tellus... had both beautiful and good children, and he saw all his grandchildren from birth and all remaining alive... And the end of his life was most brilliant: for when the Athenians had a war against their neighbours in Eleusis, coming to the rescue and making a rout of the enemy he died most beautifully, and the Athenians had buried him publicly right where he fell, and honoured him greatly.
His "perfect" life helps historians infer Ancient Greek ideals about the most honorable and mentionable way to live.
After describing Tellus as the happiest of all men, Solon states that the second-happiest men ever were the brothers Kleobis and Biton.
# Bang Krabue

Bang Krabue (Thai: บางกระบือ) may refer to:
* Bang Krabue, Bangkok, an intersection and neighbourhood in Dusit District, Bangkok
* Bang Krabue Subdistrict, a subdistrict (tambon) in Bang Khonthi District, Samut Songkhram Province
* Bang Krabue Subdistrict, a subdistrict (tambon) in Mueang Sing Buri District, Sing Buri Province
* Bang Krabue Subdistrict, a subdistrict (tambon) in Sam Khok District, Pathum Thani Province