OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Nicholas Hanges

Nicholas William Hanges was a mathematician and professor at Lehman College of the City University of New York, known for his work in partial differential equations and the theory of several complex variables.

## Education and career

Hanges earned his B.S degree in mathematics from the New York City College in 1970. He received his M.A. (1975) and Ph.D. (1976) from Purdue University, under the supervision of M. Salah Baouendi. He was a visiting scholar at the Institute for Advanced Study in 1977-1978, 1980-1981, 1991-1992 and again in 1994. In 1983, Hanges joined the faculty of Lehman College of the City University of New York as a Professor of Mathematics from the University of Pittsburgh. From 2017 he served as Chairman of the Mathematics Department.

## Awards and honors

* In 1982, Hanges received an Alfred P. Sloan Research Fellowship.

## Selected publications

* Hanges, Nicholas (1990). "Explicit formulas for the Szegö kernel for some domains in C$^2$". Journal of Functional Analysis. 88 (1): 153–165. doi:10.1016/0022-1236(90)90123-3.
* Hanges, Nicholas (2004). "Analytic regularity for an operator with Treves curves". Journal of Functional Analysis. 210 (2): 295–320. doi:10.1016/j.jfa.2003.12.006.
* Cordaro, Paulo D.; Hanges, Nicholas (2009). "Hyperfunctions and (analytic) hypoellipticity". Mathematische Annalen. 344 (2): 329–339. doi:10.1007/s00208-008-0308-2. MR 2495773. S2CID 121525806.
* Cordaro, Paulo D.; Hanges, Nicholas (2009). "A new proof of Okaji's theorem for a class of sum of squares operators". Annales de l'Institut Fourier. 59 (2): 595–619. doi:10.5802/aif.2442. MR 2521430.
* Cordaro, Paulo D.; Hanges, Nicholas (2012). "Hypoellipticity in spaces of ultradistributions—Study of a model case". Israel Journal of Mathematics. 191 (2): 771–789. doi:10.1007/s11856-012-0011-6. MR 3011496. S2CID 255398748.
# Tour de Capitello

The Tour de Capitello (Corsican: Torra di Capiteddu) is a Genoese tower located in the commune of Grosseto-Prugna (Corse-du-Sud) on the coast of the French island of Corsica. The tower lies to the south of Ajaccio near the Porticcio beach.
The construction of the tower was begun in 1552. It is one of a series of coastal defences constructed by the Republic of Genoa between 1530 and 1620 to stem the attacks by Barbary pirates. The roof terrace of the tower was modified during the Second World War. The tower is now owned by the commune and in 1991 was listed as one of the official historical monuments of France.
# Laki Ghulam Shah Halt railway station

Laki Ghulam Shah Halt railway station (Urdu: لکی غلام شاہ ہالٹ ریلوے اسٹیشن) is located in Pakistan.
# İzmir–Söke Regional

The Basmane–Söke Regional, numbered B39 (Turkish: Basmane-Söke Bölgeseli), was a 121 km (75 mi) long regional passenger train operated by the Turkish State Railways, running from Basmane Terminal in İzmir to the town of Söke. The train was operating daily in each direction, heading to İzmir in the morning and returning to Söke in the evening. Scheduled journey time is 2 hours and 28 minutes.
The northbound train was departing Söke at 5:55 while the southbound train was departing Basmane Terminal at 19:25.
# Carucate

The carucate or carrucate (Medieval Latin: carrūcāta or carūcāta) was a medieval unit of land area approximating the land a plough team of eight oxen could till in a single annual season. It was known by different regional names and fell under different forms of tax assessment.

## England

The carucate was named for the carruca heavy plough that began to appear in England in the late 9th century, which may have been introduced during the Viking invasions of England. It was also known as a ploughland or plough (Old English: plōgesland, "plough's land") in the Danelaw and usually, but not always, excluded the land's suitability for winter vegetables and desirability to remain fallow in crop rotation. The tax levied on each carucate came to be known as "carucage". Though a carucate might nominally be regarded as an area of 120 acres (49 hectares), and can usefully be equated to certain definitions of the hide, its variation over time and depending on soil and fertility makes its actual figure wildly variable. The Danelaw carucates were subdivided into eighths: oxgangs or bovates based on the area a yoked pair of oxen could till in a year. In the rest of England, the land was reckoned in hides which were divided into four yardlands, later known as virgates.

## Scotland

A ploughgate was the Scottish equivalent in the south and east of the country. Even more so than in England, the variable land quality in Scotland led to ploughgates of varying sizes, although the area was notionally understood as 100 Scots acres. Many sources say that four ploughgates made up a daugh, but in other places it would have appeared to have been the equivalent of one daugh exactly. As in the Danelaw, ploughgates were subdivided into oxgangs, again usually by eighths.

## Wales

Cattle and oxen were a central part of the Laws of the ancient Celts, by the Welsh Middle Ages, oxen were an integral part of Welsh Law, and an important part of the legal valuations used in assessing land value, the wealth of personal holdings and determining compensations (such as the Galanas). Carucates are found throughout the Cyfraith Hywel (Law's of Hywel Dda).
In 1086, the Domesday Book records a number of entries for commotes in Wales. These commotes, (that had come under Anglo-Norman possession, but were still part of Welsh law and customs) were assessed for military service and taxation. Whereas the English possessions obligations were given in hides, the Welsh obligations were rated in carucates. This was also true for Archenfield in Herefordshire which may indicate the area maintained the Welsh systems.
# Tsaydam

Tsaydam (Russian: Цайдам; Buryat: Сайдам, Saidam) is a rural locality (an ulus) in Selenginsky District, Republic of Buryatia, Russia. The population was 206 as of 2010. There are 5 streets.

## Geography

Tsaydam is located 36 km southwest of Gusinoozyorsk (the district's administrative centre) by road. Gusinoye Ozero is the nearest rural locality.
# Carl Anton

Carl Anton (Latin: Carolus Antonius; 11 September 1722 – ?) born Moses Gershon Cohen (Hebrew: משה־גרשון כהן), was a Curonian writer and Hebraist.

## Biography

Moses Gershon Cohen was born to a Jewish family in Mitau, Courland. He claimed descent from Issachar Berman ben Naphtali ha-Kohen, the Bartenura, and Ḥayyim Vital Calabrese. After studying for seven years at Prague under Jonathan Eibenschütz, Anton traveled in the East, and on his return became a convert to Christianity. He was baptized at Wolfenbüttel under the name Carl Anton on 30 January 1748. The Duke of Brunswick then appointed him professor of Hebrew at Helmstedt.
Though he occasionally reviled his former coreligionists, he also spoke well of them, even vindicating them in his book on Jewish oaths (Einleitung in die Jüdischen und Rabbinischen Rechte, dabey Insbesonderheit von einem Judeneide, Brunswick, 1756), against some of Eisenmenger's aspersions. Anton took part in the well-known dispute between Jacob Emden and Jonathan Eibenschütz, in which he defended the latter (Kurze Nachricht von dem Falschen Messias, Shabbethai Ẓebi, Wolfenbüttel, 1752; Nachlese zu Dieser Nachricht, Brunswick, 1753). He wrote a Latin tract on the legend of the Wandering Jew, entitled Commentatio Historica de Judæo Immortali in qua hæc Fabula Examinatur et Confutatur (Helmstedt, 1756); translated Abraham Jagel's catechism, Lekaḥ Tov ('Good Instruction', Brunswick, 1756); and gave a description of a rare copy of Shulḥan Arukh Even ha-Ezer, to be found in manuscript in the City Library of Hamburg. He also wrote Fabulæ Antiquitatum Ebraicarum Veterum (Brunswick, 1756) and Sammlung einiger Rabbinischer Oden nebst einer Freyen Übersetzung (Brunswick, 1753), among other works.
# Aftab Jawaid

Aftab Jawaid (also transliterated Aftab Javed; Urdu: آفتاب جاوید) is a former squash player from Pakistan, who was one of the game's leading players in the 1960s. He won the British Amateur championship three times (in 1963, 1964 and 1965) and finished runner-up at the British Open three times (in 1966, 1967 and 1971). He arranged the PIA squash tour and was Pakistan's national coach.
He was born in Gurdaspur, a city in Indian Punjab in 1937, and currently resides in Manchester. He has a son and two daughters.
# 1944–45 Oklahoma A&M Aggies men's basketball team

The 1944–45 Oklahoma A&M Aggies men's basketball team represented Oklahoma A&M College, now known as Oklahoma State University, in NCAA competition in the 1944–45 season.

## NCAA tournament

* West Region
** Oklahoma A&M 62, Utah 37
* Final Four
** Oklahoma A&M 68, Arkansas 41
* Finals
** Oklahoma A&M 49, NYU 45
# Samina Mushtaq Pagganwala

Samina Mushtaq Pagganwala (Urdu: ثمینہ مشتاق پگانوالہ) is a Pakistani politician who served as member of the National Assembly of Pakistan.

## Political career

She was elected to the National Assembly of Pakistan as a candidate of Pakistan Peoples Party on a seat reserved for women from Punjab in the 2008 Pakistani general election. In 2011, she was appointed parliamentary secretary for Kashmir affairs and Gilgit-Baltistan.
# Ahva, Israel

Ahva (Hebrew: אַחֲוָה, lit. 'Brotherhood') is a village in the northern Negev desert of southern Israel. It falls under the jurisdiction of Be'er Tuvia Regional Council and had a population of 297 in 2022. It is adjacent to the Ahva Academic College and acts as a service center for the surrounding settlements, including Kfar Ahim, Kfar HaRif, Talmei Yehiel and Yenon.

## History

The village was established in 1976 for civil servants of the regional council on land that had belonged to the depopulated Palestinian village of Al-Masmiyya al-Kabira.
# How Life Imitates Chess

How Life Imitates Chess is a book by former World Chess Champion Garry Kasparov.
Kasparov uses his experience in playing chess successfully as an analogy for how to be successful in real life. He recounts many events from his chess career.

## Reception

The book has received mixed reviews from The Guardian and New Humanist, and a positive review by Blas Moros.
# Andhera Ujala

Andhera Ujala (Urdu: اندھیرا اجالا, English: Darkness, Brightness) was a popular Pakistani crime investigation television series aired on Pakistan Television (PTV) during the 1984–85 season, written by Younis Javed and directed by Rashid Dar.
It also had an occasional touch of comic moments, mainly centred upon the character of a police constable,"Havaldar Karam Dad." The leading cast of the series included Irfan Khoosat, Jamil Fakhri, Qavi Khan, Rahat Kazmi and Abid Butt (sub-inspector). The main theme of this TV series was based on the 1983 drama Ragon mein Andhera, which aired on 29 December 1983 and was to show a police team fighting crime in their locality. This TV drama serial later went on to become so popular among the public due to its reruns that it became a 'cult classic'.

## Cast
### Main cast

* Qavi Khan as DSP Tahir Ali Khan
* Rahat Kazmi as ASP Asad-Ur-Rehman
* Jameel Fakhri as (SHO) Inspector Jaffar Hussain
* Abid Butt as Sub Inspector Mehmood
* Nazir Hussani as ASI Mian Khan
* Irfan Khoosat as Havaldar Karam Dad
* Sadia Jilani
* Zaib Rehman as Neeli
* Yasmeen Ismail as Begum
* Manoon Abbasi as Constable Aftab
* Talat Siddiqui as Tahir's mother
* Samina Ahmad as Anjum
* Afshan Qureshi as Jaffar Begum
* Ismat Tahira
* Rubina Ashraf as Humaira
* Shakila Qureshi as Sajida
* Atiya Sharaf as Amma
* Lalarukh Hameed as Rubina

### Recurring cast

* Mehboob Alam as Police officer
* Aurangzeb Leghari as Raheel
* Khayam Sarhadi as Naeem
* Firdous Jamal as Arif
* Saba Hameed as Rubi
* Sehrish Khan as Saima
* Tahira Wasti as Nasir's mother
* Bindiya as Nasreen
* Faysal Quraishi as Taha
* Firdous Jamal as Arif
* Asim Bukhari as Nasreen's father
* Nighat Butt as Nasreen's mother
* Waseem Abbas as Nasir
* Faiza Hasan as Zubaida
* Khursheed Shahid as Zainab
* Sarwat Ateeq as Muneer Begum
* Khalid Moin Butt as Anwar
* Jazba Sultan as Begum Aziz

## Accolades

| Year | Award | Category | Result | Recipients and Nominees | Ref. |
| 1984 | Nigar Award | Best Actor | Won | Jameel Fakhri | |

## Sequel

A sequel of Andhera Ujala was launched in 2019 with a new cast as well as the two old characters of Qavi Khan and Irfan Khoosat. The new members included Danish Taimoor, Rashid Farooqi. Khawaja Saleem, Hamza Firdous, Ayaz Sammo and Irfan Motiwala.
# Oldeholtpade

Oldeholtpade (West Frisian: Aldeholtpea) is a village in Weststellingwerf in the province of Friesland, the Netherlands. It had a population of around 1,020 in 2017.
The village was first mentioned in 1204 as "Holenpathe juxta Liennam1", and means "old low-lying path". Olde (old) has been added to distinguish from Nijeholtpade. Oldeholtpade is a road village which developed along the Wolvega to Oosterwolde road. The Dutch Reformed church was built in 1545 to replace a church from 1204. The tower was built in 1608.
Oldeholtpade was home to 407 people in 1840.

## Gallery

* Stephanus Church
# C/1999 J6 (SOHO)

C/1999 J6 (SOHO) is a small comet, notable for being among those that made a close approach to the Earth. It was first observed by the space-based Solar and Heliospheric Observatory (SOHO) on 10 May 1995. It is next expected to come to perihelion (closest approach to the Sun) in June 2026 at 0.044 AU (6.6 million km).
The most notable Earth approach was on June 12, 1999 when it passed between 357,000 km (222,000 mi) to 3.3 million kilometres (2,100,000 mi) from Earth. The uncertainty is a result of the large number of observations at roughly the same time as there were around 50 observations on April 19, 2010. The discovery was made on March 20, 2000, during a review of previously captured images.
It next came to perihelion in November 2004, when it was known as "C/2004 V9", and then on April 19, 2010 when it was known as "C/2010 H3". On August 15, 2015 it should have been 0.56 AU from Earth.
# Karry Porpoise

The Karry Porpoise is an electric light, commercial 5/6-door van designed and produced by the Chinese automaker Karry since June 2022.

## Overview

The Karry Porpoise EV is an fully electric urban logistics van by Karry, specially designed for the needs of urban logistics and distribution. The same platform also spawned an ICE powered pickup truck called the Karry X6.
From 2024, the Karry Porpoise EV received various variants in dimensions, with the original Karry Porpoise being renamed the Karry Porpoise E6 retaining the 4746mm length, a longer Karry Porpoise E7 with a length of 5150mm, and a shorter Karry Porpoise E5 with a length of 4480mm.

### Specifications

The Karry Porpoise EV was built on a frame chassis with a permanent magnet synchronous electric motor positioned over the rear axle, with the output of which reaching 60 kW, and 220 Nm of torque. A 41.86 kWh lithium iron phosphate flat battery pack is located right under the floor. The Karry Porpoise EV is capable of covering 285 km on one charge. The powertrain layout of the Porpoise EV is rear-wheel drive, with MacPherson-type independent front suspension and rear-dependent leaf springs. The top speed is 80 km/h, and the cargo space is 6.6 cubic meters.

## Karry X6/ Little Elephant EV

The Karry X6 is the gasoline powered micro truck variant of the Porpoise EV. The Karry X6 was launched in February 2022, and available as a crew cab and single cab body style. The powertrain of the Karry X6 is a 1.6 liter engine mated to a 5-speed manual transmission developing 22hp and 158N·m of torque.
* Karry X6 single cab
* Karry X6 crew cab
The Karry Little Elephant EV (Xiaoxiang EV,小象EV) is the micro truck variant of the Porpoise EV. Sharing the body with the Karry X6 while featuring the grille-less front end of the Karry Porpoise. It was launched in January 2023 and features a 85kW permanent magnet synchronous motor and 55.7kWh lithium iron phosphate battery (LFP battery) supplied by CATL, supporting a CLTC range of 251km. It is equipped with the e-Motion Drive 2.0 electric drive system with 30%-80% of the battery charged within 36 minutes.
* Karry Little Elephant EV single cab

## JAC Lanmao M1

The JAC Lanmao M1 (蓝猫M1) is a rebadged variant of the Karry Porpoise electric van. The JAC Lanmao M1 features a restyled front bumper and 40.55kWh batteries supplied by Gotion High-Tech.
* JAC Lanmao M1
* JAC Lanmao M1 rear
# Council of State of Geneva

The Council of State of Geneva (French: Conseil d'État de Genève) is the executive organ of the République and Canton of Geneva, in Switzerland. Geneva has a seven-member Conseil d'État.
The last elections were held in April 2023.

## Members

| Name | Party | Office | Elected | Notes |
| Delphine Bachmann | The Center | Economy and Employment | 2023 | |
| Antonio Hodgers | Green Party | Territory and Resources | 2013 | |
| Carole-Anne Kast | Socialist Party | Institutions and Digital | 2023 | |
| Pierre Maudet | Freedom and Social Justice | Health and Mobility | 2023 | |
| Anne Hiltpold | Liberal Radical Party | Education, Training and Youth | 2023 | |
| Nathalie Fontanet | Liberal Radical Party | Finances and Human Resources | 2018 | President |
| Thierry Apothéloz | Socialist Party | Social cohesion | 2018 | |
Michèle Righetti holds the non-political position of State Chancellor.
# Borgo, Haute-Corse

Borgo (Italian pronunciation:; French:; Corsican: U Borgu) is a commune in the Haute-Corse department of France on the island of Corsica.
The Bastia-Poretta Airport is located in Borgo. It was the site of the 1768 Battle of Borgo during the French Conquest of Corsica when a French force was defeated by Corsican troops.

## Population

| Year | Pop. | ±% p.a. |
| 1800 | 431 | — |
| 1806 | 459 | +1.05% |
| 1821 | 430 | −0.43% |
| 1831 | 589 | +3.20% |
| 1836 | 627 | +1.26% |
| 1841 | 687 | +1.84% |
| 1846 | 675 | −0.35% |
| 1851 | 677 | +0.06% |
| 1856 | 690 | +0.38% |
| 1861 | 761 | +1.98% |
| 1866 | 717 | −1.18% |
| 1872 | 787 | +1.56% |
| 1876 | 717 | −2.30% |
| 1881 | 723 | +0.17% |
| 1886 | 803 | +2.12% |
| 1891 | 849 | +1.12% |
| 1896 | 903 | +1.24% |
| 1901 | 959 | +1.21% |
| Year | Pop. | ±% p.a. |
| 1906 | 1,203 | +4.64% |
| 1911 | 1,023 | −3.19% |
| 1921 | 746 | −3.11% |
| 1926 | 714 | −0.87% |
| 1931 | 789 | +2.02% |
| 1936 | 806 | +0.43% |
| 1946 | 725 | −1.05% |
| 1954 | 913 | +2.92% |
| 1962 | 726 | −2.82% |
| 1968 | 1,600 | +14.08% |
| 1975 | 2,650 | +7.47% |
| 1982 | 3,413 | +3.68% |
| 1990 | 3,773 | +1.26% |
| 1999 | 5,002 | +3.18% |
| 2007 | 7,030 | +4.35% |
| 2012 | 7,950 | +2.49% |
| 2017 | 8,760 | +1.96% |
Source: EHESS and INSEE (1968-2017) :

## Sights

* Torra di Punta d'Arcu
# Dominik Andrijašević

Dominik Andrijašević (Italian: Domenico Andreassi, Latin: Dominicus Andriasius/Dominicus Andreassius; 1572–1639), was a Ragusan Franciscan friar who served as the Catholic Bishop of Skadar (Scutari) (1622–24) and later Mostar (1637).

## Life

Born in 1572 in Orahov Do in Herzegovina, Andrijašević was a resident in Ragusa (Dubrovnik).
He was sent with Damjan Ljubibratić several times to the Popes with petitions of aid in Balkan uprisings.
In 1608, Andrijašević arrived in Ragusa (Dubrovnik) from Spain with letters for Grdan.
In 1624, the Ottomans expelled him from Scutari.

## Legacy

Andrijašević was a member of the Andrijašević-Mrše family of the Slano region.
# Ramūnas

Ramūnas is a Lithuanian masculine given name. It is derived from the Lithuanian word ramus, meaning "calm". People with the name Ramūnas include:
* Ramūnas Butautas (born 1964), Lithuanian basketball player and coach
* Ramūnas Karbauskis (born 1969), Lithuanian businessman and politician
* Ramūnas Navardauskas (born 1988), Lithuanian professional road racing cyclist
* Ramūnas Radavičius (born 1981), Lithuanian footballer
* Ramūnas Šiškauskas (born 1978), Lithuanian basketball player
* Ramūnas Stonkus (born 1970), Lithuanian footballer
* Ramūnas Vyšniauskas (born 1976), Lithuanian weightlifter
# Zeenat Abdullah Channa

Zeenat Abdullah Channah (Sindhi: زينت عبداللٰه چنه January 4, 1919 – July 12, 1974) was an educationist and writer from Sehwan, Sindh, Pakistan. She was one of the first female writers to write Sindhi stories after the partition of India in 1947. Zeenat Channah served as the editor of the monthly magazine Marvi. She motivated parents in rural Sindh to educate their daughters. In addition to being a teacher and storyteller, she also wrote literary articles.

## Childhood and personal life

Zeenat Abdullah Channa was born on January 4, 1919, in Sehwan Sharif, District Jamshoro, Sindh, Pakistan. Her father, Muhammad Saleh Channa, was a postmaster. Her younger brother, Mahboob Channa, was a scholar and renowned writer. She studied in her hometown of Sehwan and later attended the Training College for Women in Hyderabad. She started her career as a school teacher in Talti, a town near Sehwan Sharif. She retired as Head Mistress. During her teaching career she always encouraged young girls to pursue education.
She married Abdullah Khan Channa on August 13, 1944. Her husband was Deputy Collector of Sehwan. He was also a researcher and writer. She bore 3 daughters, Nusrat, Nighat and Talat, and one son, Shauqat Channah.

## Literary contributions

Zeenat Channa was one of the best Sindhi story writers after the partition of India in 1947. Her stories were published in reputable Sindhi magazines including Mehran and Naeen Zindagi. She also authored a number of good quality literary articles and essays. Some of her best stories include Randiko (Toy), oondahi (Darkness), and Mithi (Sweet). She served as an editor of Monthly women magazine "Marvi" which was very popular among the readers. She compiled a book titled Yadgar e Latif in 1958.

## Death

She died on July 12, 1974 in Hyderabad, Sindh, Pakistan.
# Sonata for Violin and Cello (Ravel)

The Sonata for Violin and Cello (French: Sonate pour violon et violoncelle) is a composition written by Maurice Ravel from 1920 to 1922. He dedicated it to Claude Debussy, who had died in 1918. It premiered on 6 April 1922 with Hélène Jourdan-Morhange playing the violin and Maurice Maréchal the cello. It is in the key of A minor, with the fourth movement in the relative major key of C. It is M. 73 in the catalogue compiled by Marcel Marnat.

## Structure

The work consists of four movements:
* Allegro
* Très vif
* Lent
* Vif, avec entrain
# Simpang-kanan River

Simpang-kanan River (Indonesian: Sungai Simpangkanan, means: Right Junction River) is the name of several Indonesian rivers:
* Simpang-kanan River (North Sumatra), 2°20′54″N 97°51′33″E﻿ / ﻿2.3483°N 97.8591°E﻿ / 2.3483; 97.8591﻿ (Simpang-kanan River (North Sumatra))
* Simpang-kanan River, Riau, 1°58′30″N 100°36′02″E﻿ / ﻿1.97489°N 100.60044°E﻿ / 1.97489; 100.60044﻿ (Simpang-kanan River (Riau, lat 1,97, long 100,60))
* Simpang-kanan River, Riau, 0°10′01″N 103°15′19″E﻿ / ﻿0.167°N 103.2554°E﻿ / 0.167; 103.2554﻿ (Simpang-kanan River (Riau, lat 0,17, long 103,26))
* Simpang-kanan River (South Sumatra), 2°43′27″S 102°12′46″E﻿ / ﻿2.7242°S 102.2128°E﻿ / -2.7242; 102.2128﻿ (Simpang-kanan River (South Sumatra))