OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Hirata, Fukushima

Hirata (平田村, Hirata-mura) is a village located in Fukushima Prefecture, Japan. As of 31 January 2020, the village had an estimated population of 5,935 in 2016 households, and a population density of 66 persons per km$^2$. The total area of the village was 93.42 square kilometres (36.1 sq mi).

## Geography

Hirata is located in southeast Fukushima prefecture, approximately halfway between the cities of Iwaki and Kōriyama. The landscape consists of rolling hills with an altitude of between 500 and 700 meters.
* Rivers: Abukuma River

### Neighboring municipalities

* Fukushima Prefecture
** Furudono
** Ishikawa
** Iwaki
** Kōriyama
** Ono
** Sukagawa
** Tamakawa

## Demographics

Per Japanese census data, the population of Hirata peaked at around the year 1950 and has been gradually declining since.

## Climate

Hirata has a humid climate (Köppen climate classification Cfa). The average annual temperature in Hirata is 10.6 °C (51.1 °F). The average annual rainfall is 1,412 mm (55.6 in) with September as the wettest month. The temperatures are highest on average in August, at around 23.0 °C (73.4 °F), and lowest in January, at around −0.6 °C (30.9 °F).

## History

The area of present-day Hirata was part of ancient Mutsu Province. During the Edo period it was mostly the territory of Tsuchiura Domain. After the Meiji Restoration, it was organized as part of Ishikawa District within the Nakadōri region of Iwaki Province. The villages of Odaira and Yomogida were created on April 1, 1889 with the establishment of the modern municipalities system. The two villages merged on March 31, 1955 to form the village of Hirata.

## Economy

The economy of Hirata is primarily based on agriculture.

## Education

Hiram has two public elementary schools and one public junior high school operated by the village government, and one public high school operated by the Fukushima Prefectural Department of Education.
* Fukushima Prefectural Ono Higher Hirata High School
* Hirata Yomogida High School
* Hirata Odaira Middle School
* Hirata Yomogida School
* Hirata Odaira Elementary School

## Transportation
### Railway

* Hirata does not have any passenger train service.

### Highway

* Abukuma Kōgen Road
* National Route 49
* National Route 349

## Local attractions

* Komagata Jangara Nembutsu Folk Dance
* Shibazakura Matsuri
* Site of Yomogida Castle
# Rüstem Pasha Caravanserai (Erzurum)

Rüstem Pasha Caravanserai (Turkish: Rüstem Paşa Kervansarayı), also known as Taşhan, is a caravanserai located in Yakutiye district of Erzurum, eastern Turkey, built by Ottoman statesman and grand vizier Rüstem Pasha in 1561.

## Location

Rüstem Pasha Caravanserai is located on Menderes Street at Fevziye neighborhood in Yakutiye district of Erzurum, eastern Turkey.

## History

The caravanserai was commissioned by Rüstem Pasha (c. 1500–1561), Ottoman statesman and grand vizier of Sultan Suleiman the Magnificent (reigned 1520–1566). Completed in 1561, it served the travelers and met all their needs day and night. It contained a hospice, a small mosque, resting places, shops, stables for keeping camels, donkeys, oxen, buffaloes and horses. Not all of the original building parts survived. The inscription over the entrance gate reads as "This is a border post" (Ottoman Turkish: ribat) due to the position of Erzurum as a border city at that time. 40 to 50 men strong raider troops were stationed at the border posts, or outposts. After the eastern borders of the Ottoman Empire territory were extended out to Tbilisi and Caspian Sea, the mansions, shelters, barns and shops were added to the caravanserai.

## Architecture

Rüstem Pasha Caravanserai is an important example of a caravanserai in Ottoman architecture. The two-story ashlar building surrounds a rectangular courtyard. The courtyard has an entrance in the west and the east. The gates hare pointed arched and vaulted. The building has 32 rooms, which are situated behind verandas looking to the courtyard. The upper rooms are flat vaulted. The ornaments found here were added in a later time.
The caravanserai underwent a major restoration in 1965. A slight supercumbent was added to the western facade of the building that created an office room for the caravanserai manager over the barrel vaulted entrance, which became a bit longer.

## Today

The caravanserai, locally known as "Taşhan" for "stoney commercial building", today houses around hundred workshops and souvenir shops. Many of which sell prayer beads, rings and necklaces, made of local Oltu stone.
# Roman Catholic Diocese of Jacmel

The Roman Catholic Diocese of Jacmel (Latin: Dioecesis Iacmeliensis), erected 25 February 1988, is a suffragan of the Archdiocese of Port-au-Prince.
The diocese began with ten priests, and in 2007 had over fifty. Some have been sent as missionaries to such places as Brazil and Quebec.

## Bishops
### Ordinaries

* Guire Poulard (25 February 1988 - 9 March 2009, appointed Bishop of Les Cayes)
* Launay Saturné (28 April 2010 - 16 July 2018, appointed Archbishop of Cap-Haïtien)
* Glandas Marie Erick Toussaint (8 December 2018)

### Other priest of this diocese who became bishop

* Chibly Langlois, appointed Bishop of Fort-Liberté in 2004; future Cardinal
# Dyffryn Cennen

Dyffryn Cennen is a community located in Carmarthenshire, Wales. The population of the community taken at the 2011 census was 1,176.
The community is bordered by the communities of: Manordeilo and Salem; Llangadog; Cwmamman; Llandybie; Llanfihangel Aberbythych; and Llandeilo, all being in Carmarthenshire.
It includes the villages of Ffairfach and Trapp.
The community is part of the Llandeilo electoral ward for elections to Carmarthenshire County Council.
# Bajardo

Bajardo (also Baiardo) (Ligurian: Baiardu) is a comune in the Province of Imperia in the Italian region Liguria. It is about 110 kilometres (68 mi) southwest of Genoa and about 25 kilometres (16 mi) west of Imperia.
Its principal settlement, Bajardo itself, is a medieval village which stands at an elevation of 900 metres (3,000 ft) on a peak at the head of the basin of the Nervia torrent.

## History

First ruled by the Counts of Ventimiglia, it passed to the Marquis of Ceva before coming under Genoese control in 1259. It remained with Genoa until 1815 when it became part of the Kingdom of Sardinia. The parish church of San Nicolò da Bari in Piazza Parrocchiale was built in 1893 to replace the church destroyed by the earthquake of 1887.
# Poking (martial arts)

A poke or prod is a blow using the tips of one or more fingers.

## Sports

In sporting events, a losing fighter will sometimes break the rules and poke someone in the eye, leading to the fight being ruled "no decision," thus preventing the poker from taking a loss. Some events try to prevent eye poking by having fighters wear gloves with webbing over the fingers.

## Self-defense

In a street fight situation, when one's opponent may be trying to inflict serious harm, martial arts expert Kelly McCann advises that the eyes should be a "persistent primary target". An eye poke needs little power to be effective, and it can stop even highly determined attackers. If the hand is kept at an approximately 45° angle to the opponent's face during the strike, there is less risk of hurting ones fingers, and even if they do not connect with the eye, the palm can impact on the opponent's face.

## Comedy

The eye poke was a signature move in the slapstick antics of the comedy and vaudeville act The Three Stooges, who mastered the technique. In reality, the Stooges poked each other on the eyebrows to avoid actual injury. The form of attack was well known among children who watched the show.

## Targets
### Eyes

An eye poke, eye jab, eye stab, eye strike or poke in the eye is a strike at the eye or eyes of a human or animal. It is typically made with the fingers which may either be forked to jab both eyes or held together, like a bird's beak, to strike with force and protect the fingers from damage. The attack became better known among the public due to its use in comedy; the idea of using it to entertain was likely invented by the vaudeville duo of Joe Weber and Lew Fields.
# Gharmi people

The Gharmi Tajiks are one of the original regional groups of Tajiks, with origins in the Rasht Valley in central Tajikistan.

## History

From the 1920s to 1955 there was a Gharm Oblast in Tajikistan, and henceforth people from central Tajikistan were known as Gharmi Tajiks. During the 1950s many Gharmi Tajiks were forced to migrate from central Tajikistan to the Vakhsh River Valley in western Tajikistan.
Gharmi Tajiks were largely excluded from government positions, which were dominated by individuals from Khujand and Kulob. Gharmi Tajiks who settled in Qurghonteppa Oblast are frequently described as a clan group that found social niches in education and the marketplace.
After Tajikistan became independent in 1991, many Gharmi Tajiks participated in protests against communists and the government. When the Civil War of Tajikistan broke out in 1992 a large number of Gharmi Tajiks joined the DPT-IRP opposition. The organization Human Rights Watch among others, reported that Gharmi Tajiks were targeted for execution, disappearances, mass killings, and Gharmi villages were burnt.
During the fall and winter of 1992 as many as 90,000 Gharmi Tajiks and Pamiris were expelled from their homes and found refuge in Afghanistan in a campaign described by the United States Department of State as a pogrom. This was followed by heavy fighting in the Rasht Valley between government and opposition forces that led to the destruction of villages. There is evidence that rape was used by both sides during this campaign.
* Tajikistan portal
# Harry Beadle

Harry Alfie Beadle (born 7 January 2003) is an English professional footballer who plays as a defender for Bishop's Stortford on loan from EFL League Two club Colchester United.

## Career

Beadle progressed through the Academy at Charlton Athletic prior to signing a professional contract with Colchester United on 4 June 2021. He made his professional debut on 7 September 2021, starting in Colchester's EFL Trophy match against Gillingham.
He spent the 2022–23 campaign on loan at Bishop's Stortford, winning promotion to the National League North following title success before joining Braintree Town in July 2023, signing on a short-term basis. In October 2023, he returned to Bishop's Stortford on an initial one-month loan deal.

## Career statistics

    As of match played 3 February 2024
Appearances and goals by club, season and competition :
| Club | Season | League | League | League | FA Cup | FA Cup | League Cup | League Cup | Other | Other | Total | Total |
| Club | Season | Division | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals |
| Colchester United | 2021–22 | League Two | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
| Colchester United | 2022–23 | League Two | 0 | 0 | — | — | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Colchester United | 2023–24 | League Two | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
| Colchester United | Total | Total | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 0 |
| Bishop's Stortford (loan) | 2022–23 | Isthmian League Premier Division | 22 | 2 | 1 | 0 | — | — | 3 | 0 | 26 | 2 |
| Braintree Town (loan) | 2023–24 | National League South | 4 | 1 | 0 | 0 | — | — | — | — | 4 | 1 |
| Bishop's Stortford (loan) | 2023–24 | National League North | 17 | 0 | — | — | — | — | 2 | 0 | 19 | 0 |
| Career total | Career total | Career total | 43 | 3 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 7 | 0 | 51 | 2 |
* 1 2 Appearance in EFL Trophy
* 1 2 Appearances in FA Trophy

## Honours

Bishop's Stortford
* Isthmian League Premier Division: 2022–23
# Pokrytki

Pokrytki is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Strzegowo, within Mława County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately 19 kilometres (12 mi) south of Mława and 93 km (58 mi) north-west of Warsaw.
# M-9 highway (Montenegro)

M-9 highway (Montenegrin: Magistralni put M-9) (previously known as R-12 regional road) is a Montenegrin roadway.

## History

First section from Vilusi to Petrovići of then R-12 regional road was reconstructed and upgraded in 2012. Second and final section from Petrovići to border crossing Vraćenovići is being reconstructed and should be finished in 2017.
In January 2016, the Ministry of Transport and Maritime Affairs published bylaw on categorisation of state roads. With new categorisation, R-12 regional road was categorised as M-8 highway.

## Major intersections

| Municipality | Location | km | mi | Destinations | Notes |
| Nikšić | Vilusi | 0.0 | 0.0 | M-7 – Nikšić, Trebinje | |
| Nikšić | Deleuša | 30.6 | 19.0 | R-431 – Bileća (Bosnia and Herzegovina) | Vraćenovići border crossing with Bosnia and Herzegovina |
| 1.000 mi = 1.609 km; 1.000 km = 0.621 mi ||||||
# Ata Turab

Ata Turab (Urdu: عطا تراب) is a Pakistani poet. He is well known for his poetry about romance and heart. He also studied Persian language from Iran and Arabic.

## Personal life

Turab was born on 7 January 1977 and raised in Islamabad, Pakistan. He studied Arabic and Islamic Studies in Iran at the post-graduate level .

## Career

He has been involved in poetry recitals in the country and his works have been published in major literary magazines of Pakistan and India. He has been a television host on different channels of Pakistan. Turab translated many books from Persian and Arabic to Urdu language. He has also hosted television shows on Pakistan Television Network and Such TV. He has been writing for the last fifteen years. His book of poetry titled "Barish Main Shareek" ("Companion in the Rain") was published in December 2012. The major article among others on the book can be read on BBC Urdu by following the link.

## Reviews

"Turab’s poetry stays with you and, like with all good poetry, when you come back to it, it will say more to you than it did the first time. His verses illuminate their subject and move you with their message of rationality."
"Ata Turab's words also hold content relating to socio-political issues, philosophy, romance and journey into simple yet refined emotions. One finds Turab’s poetry an absolute long narrative, where the characters in words tease and engage, multiply and divide, arrest and surrender, probe and explore, love and hate, redeem and sin, live and die — but, always breathe, creating a sense of extinguishing the inner climate of mind and soul. He captures the horrors, glories, mundane existence, confrontations, demons, consequences, and what it is to be alive in a world full of facades that we human beings are classified to follow whether we agree or disagree."
# 3rd Iowa Independent Battery Light Artillery

The 3rd Iowa Light Artillery Battery was a light artillery battery from Iowa that served in the Union Army between September 24, 1861, and October 23, 1865, during the American Civil War.

## Service

The 3rd Iowa Light Artillery was mustered into Federal service at Dubuque, Iowa for a three-year enlistment on September 24, 1861. The regiment was mustered out of Federal service on October 23, 1865.

## Total strength and casualties

A total of 290 men served in the 3rd Iowa Battery at one time or another during its existence. It suffered 3 enlisted men who were killed in action or who died of their wounds and 34 enlisted men who died of disease, for a total of 37 fatalities#
# Shori Chatta railway station

Shori Chatta railway station (Urdu: شوری چٹھا ریلوے اسٹیشن) is located in Pakistan.
# Broad Wall (Jerusalem)

The Broad Wall (Hebrew: החומה הרחבה HaChoma HaRechava) is an ancient defensive wall, located in the Jewish Quarter of Jerusalem's Old City. The wall was unearthed in the 1970s by Israeli archaeologist Nahman Avigad. Originally dated to the reign of King Hezekiah (late 8th century BCE), it has been attributed in 2024, based on carbon-dating, to the reign of King Uzziah, several decades earlier.
The Broad Wall is a massive defensive structure, seven meters thick. The unbroken length of wall uncovered by Avigad's dig runs 65 metres (71.1 yd) long and is preserved in places to a height of 3.3 metres (3.6 yd).
It was long believed that the city in this period was confined to the fortified, narrow hill running to the south of the Temple Mount known as the City of David. Avigad's dig demonstrated that by the late eighth century the city had expanded to include the hill to the west of the Temple Mount. As long as the wall was attributed to Hezekiah, the motivation for building it was believed to have been Sennacherib's campaign in Judah, and the presumption was that it might be referred to in Nehemiah 3:8 and Isaiah 22:9–10. Uzziah's motivation, however, was to rebuild the city after the damage brought about by a strong earthquake.
# The Vakil

The Vakil (Urdu: وکیل) was an Urdu language newspaper published from Amritsar during the British Raj. Initially it was bi-weekly newspaper but later it became three days. This newspaper was started by Inayatullah Khan Mashriqi's father Khan Ata Muhammad Khan in 1895 and published until about July 28, 1931.
The first editor of the newspaper was Mirza Hairat Dehlavi but separated after editing two pamphlets. In October of the same year, Insha Allah Khan became the editor. Abul Kalam Azad was associated with Vakil as one of the editor for five years, from 1903 to 1908.
# Isolabona

Isolabona (Ligurian: L'Isora) is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Imperia in the Italian region Liguria, located about 120 kilometres (75 mi) southwest of Genoa and about 30 kilometres (19 mi) west of Imperia. As of 2011, it had a population of 716, spread between 333 families throughout an area of 12.4 square kilometres (4.8 sq mi).
Isolabona shares borders the following municipalities: Apricale, Castelvittorio, Dolceacqua, Pigna and Rocchetta Nervina.
# 31st century BC

The 31st century BC was a century that lasted from the year 3100 BC to 3001 BC.

## Events

* c. 3100 BC: Polo (Meitei: Sagol Kangjei) was first played in Manipur state.
* c. 3100 BC?: The Anu Ziggurat and White Temple are built in Uruk.
* c. 3100 BC?: Predynastic period (Neolithic) ends in Ancient Egypt.
* c. 3100 BC?: Early Dynastic (Archaic) period starts in Ancient Egypt.
* c. 3100 BC?: The first temple of Tarxien is in use by the Neolithic inhabitants of Malta.
* c. 3100 BC?: First stage in the construction of Stonehenge.
* c. 3100 BC: Oldest adobe building in the Americas was built in Peru.
* c. 3100 BC – 2600 BC: Skara Brae, Orkney Islands, Scotland is inhabited.
* c. 3090 BC: Narmer (Menes) unifies Upper and Lower Egypt into one country; he rules this new country from Memphis.
* c. 3051 BC: The oldest currently living organism, a Great Basin bristlecone pine, undergoes germination in the White Mountains of California.

## Inventions, discoveries, introductions

* Drainage and sewage system in the Indus Valley
* Dams, canals, stone sculptures using inclined plane and lever in Sumer and the Tigris–Euphrates Valley
* Copper was in use, both as tools and weapons.
* Senet is one of the oldest-known board games in the world.
* c. 3100 BC – Invention of writing in Mesopotamia and Egypt
* The Sydney rock engravings date to around 3000 BC (Sydney, Australia).
# Joseph H. Shea

Joseph Henry Shea (January 22, 1847 – December 12, 1937) was an American soldier who fought for the Union Army during the American Civil War. He received the Medal of Honor for valor.

## Biography

Shea joined the 92nd New York Volunteer Infantry in January 1863. He received the Medal of Honor in March 1866 for his actions at the Battle of Chaffin's Farm on September 29, 1864. He was transferred to the 96th New York Volunteer Infantry in December 1864, and was mustered out in January 1866.

## Medal of Honor citation

Citation:
   Gallantry in bringing wounded from the field under heavy fire."
# Stony Brook Seawolves men's soccer

The Stony Brook Seawolves men's soccer team is a collegiate soccer team that competes in NCAA Division I and in the Colonial Athletic Association.

## History
### Coaching record

| | | Overall | Overall | Conference | Conference | |
| Coach | Years | Record | Pct. | Record | Pct. | Note |
| Costas Alexandrides | 1967–68 | 13–5–1 | .711 | | | |
| Stoney Burgess | 1969–75 | 68–38–3 | .638 | | | |
| Scottie O'Neill | 1976–86 | 143–57–4 | .711 | | | 2 TAAC Championships (1983, 1986) |
| Hugh Beasley | 1987–93 | 50–72–15 | .420 | | | 1 TAAC Championship (1987) |
| Brett Teach | 1994–99 | 43–66–3 | .397 | | | 1 TAAC Championship (1997), first NCAA appearance |
| Kerem Daser | 2000–09 | 67–100–10 | .407 | | | 1 Atlantic Sun Championship (2000) |
| Brett Surrency | 2010– | 89–75–12 | .540 | | | 1 Sun Belt Championship (2018) |
| Total | | 417–413–38 | .532 | | | |

## Postseason record
### NCAA Tournament

Stony Brook has appeared in three NCAA Tournaments. Their record is 1–2–1
| Year | Round | Opponent | Result |
| 2005 | First round Second round | Yale Connecticut | W 2–1 $^{OT}$ L 0–2 |
| 2009 | First round | Brown | L 0–1 $^{2OT}$ |
| 2011 | First round | Monmouth | T 0–0 $^{4–5PK}$ |
# Gaga

Gaga, ga-ga, GAGA and other variants, may also refer to:

## Culture and society

* Gaga (game), an Israeli form of dodgeball
* Gaga (god), a minor Babylonian deity
* Gaga (dance vocabulary), a movement language and pedagogy used in some Israeli contemporary dance
* Gagá, the name used in the Dominican Republic for a type of Haitian music otherwise known as Rara
* Gaga (film), a 2022 Taiwanese film
* Giọng ải giọng ai (subtitled Hidden Voices), a Vietnamese television game show; part of the I Can See Your Voice franchise
* "Radio Ga Ga", a 1984 song by Queen
* Gaga, a dialect of the Franco-Provençal language spoken in the region around Saint-Étienne, France

## People

* Lady Gaga (born 1986 as Stefani Joanne Angelina Germanotta), American singer, songwriter, and actress
* Gaga Chkhetiani (born 1983), Georgian footballer

## Other uses

* GAGA, an influential paper by Serre on algebraic geometry and analytic geometry
* Gaga (plant), a genus of fern named for Lady Gaga
* Gaga, Central African Republic, a village in Central African Republic
* Gaga (company), publisher of the video game Dark Seed
# Central Committee for Defending Albanian Rights

The Central Committee for Defending Albanian Rights (Albanian: Komiteti Qendror për Mbrojtjen e të Drejtave Shqiptare, Turkish: Arnavut Haklarını Savunmak Merkez Komitesi) was formed in the city of Istanbul, Turkey, then Ottoman Empire on December 18, 1877, by an influential group of Albanian intellectuals, patriots, and politicians, such as Hasan Tahsini, Abdyl Frashëri, Vesel Dino [tr], Iljaz Pasha Dibra, Ymer Prizreni, Sami Frashëri, Zija Prishtina, Ahmet Koronica, Mehmet Ali Vrioni, Said Toptani, Mustafa Nuri Vlora [tr], Pashko Vasa, Jani Vreto, Mihal Harito [tr], Pandeli Sotiri, Koto Hoxhi, and Mane Tahiri. The chairman of the committee was elected Abdyl Frashëri. The committee would be referred later with a more practical name as Komiteti i Stambollit ("Istanbul Committee").
The goal of the committee was to disseminate the idea of an autonomous Albanian region within the steadily diminishing Ottoman Empire. The committee's plan and ideals were printed in the Tercuman i Sark paper, and anticipated the founding of a single Albanian vilayet that would encompass the vilayets of Kosovo, Monastir, Janina and Scutari. Contrary to what is often said, a claim for territories very often included the Salonica Vilayet too. As support for both the committee and the idea of a united autonomous Albania grew, supporters decided to meet in the city of Prizren. This became the first meeting of what came to be known as the League of Prizren.
In October 1879, elite members of the committee formed the Society for the Publication of Albanian Letters, which would perform the difficult tasks of establishing a unified alphabet and primer, and spreading the Albanian writings.