OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Novikov conjecture

The Novikov conjecture is one of the most important unsolved problems in topology. It is named for Sergei Novikov who originally posed the conjecture in 1965.
The Novikov conjecture concerns the homotopy invariance of certain polynomials in the Pontryagin classes of a manifold, arising from the fundamental group. According to the Novikov conjecture, the higher signatures, which are certain numerical invariants of smooth manifolds, are homotopy invariants.
The conjecture has been proved for finitely generated abelian groups. It is not yet known whether the Novikov conjecture holds true for all groups. There are no known counterexamples to the conjecture.

## Precise formulation of the conjecture

Let $G$ be a discrete group and $BG$ its classifying space, which is an Eilenberg–MacLane space of type $K(G,1)$, and therefore unique up to homotopy equivalence as a CW complex. Let
    $f\colon M\rightarrow BG$
be a continuous map from a closed oriented $n$-dimensional manifold $M$ to $BG$, and
    $x\in H^{n-4i}(BG;\mathbb {Q} ).$
Novikov considered the numerical expression, found by evaluating the cohomology class in top dimension against the fundamental class $[M]$, and known as a higher signature:
    $\left\langle f^{*}(x)\cup L_{i}(M),[M]\right\rangle \in \mathbb {Q}$
where $L_{i}$ is the $i^{\rm {th}}$ Hirzebruch polynomial, or sometimes (less descriptively) as the $i^{\rm {th}}$ $L$-polynomial. For each $i$, this polynomial can be expressed in the Pontryagin classes of the manifold's tangent bundle. The Novikov conjecture states that the higher signature is an invariant of the oriented homotopy type of $M$ for every such map $f$ and every such class $x$, in other words, if $h\colon M'\rightarrow M$ is an orientation preserving homotopy equivalence, the higher signature associated to $f\circ h$ is equal to that associated to $f$.

## Connection with the Borel conjecture

The Novikov conjecture is equivalent to the rational injectivity of the assembly map in L-theory. The Borel conjecture on the rigidity of aspherical manifolds is equivalent to the assembly map being an isomorphism.
# Belarusian State University of Transport

Belarusian State University of Transport (BelSUT; Russian: Белорусский государственный университет транспорта) is a university and a non-profit public higher education institution in Gomel, Belarus. Founded in 1953, this institution has also branch campuses in Orsha and Brest. Until 1993, it was called Belarusian Institute of Railway Engineers. Officially accredited/recognized by the Ministry of Education of the Republic of Belarus, BelSUT is a coeducational higher education institution. It offers courses and programs leading to officially recognized higher education degrees such as bachelor degrees, master degrees, doctorate degrees in several areas of study. This HE institution does not have a selective admission policy. International students are welcome to apply for enrolment.
# Istanbul Girls High School

Istanbul Girls' High School (Turkish: İstanbul Kız Lisesi: 1850-1988) was the first state established girls' school in the Ottoman Empire.
The school was inaugurated on March 21, 1850, by Sadrazam Mustafa Reshid Pasha, one of the architects of the Tanzimat reforms, in a building donated by Bezmiâlem Sultan, mother of Sultan Abdulmejid I. At the beginning, it was a secondary school (Turkish: rüşdiye). The school took the name İnas İdadisi (Girls Lycee) in 1911, and later İnas Sultanisi (Imperial High School for Girls).
During most of the republican period in Turkey, the school was known under the name İstanbul Kız Lisesi, but always related to its founding mother Bezm-i Alem, whose name it carried officially as Bezm-i Alem Sultanisi for about a decade until 1924, when it was renamed.
The school could not be spared from a spree of closing (or turning into a mixed gender school), similar to what other girls-only schools also experienced in Turkey in the early 1980s. It ceased receiving new students in 1984, had its final graduates in 1988, and then closed down. At its closure, its building became Cağaloğlu Anatolian High School.
# Al Fasyimi

Al Fasyimi (born 21 July 1998) is an Indonesian professional footballer who plays as a midfielder.

## Club career
### Persiraja Banda Aceh

He was signed for Persiraja Banda Aceh to play in Liga 1 in the 2021 season. Fasyimi made his first-team debut on 23 October 2021 as a substitute in a match against Arema at the Maguwoharjo Stadium, Sleman.

## Career statistics
### Club

    As of 5 December 2021.
| Club | Season | League | League | League | Cup | Cup | Continental | Continental | Other | Other | Total | Total |
| Club | Season | Division | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals |
| Persiraja Banda Aceh | 2021 | Liga 1 | 7 | 0 | 0 | 0 | – | – | 0 | 0 | 7 | 0 |
| Career total | Career total | Career total | 7 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 7 | 0 |
# Socchieve

Socchieve (Friulian: Soclêf) is a comune (municipality) in the Regional decentralization entity of Udine in the Italian region Friuli-Venezia Giulia, located about 110 kilometres (68 mi) northwest of Trieste and about 45 kilometres (28 mi) northwest of Udine.
The municipality of Socchieve contains the frazioni (boroughs) of Caprizi, Dilignìdis, Feltrone, Lungis, Mediis (municipal seat), Nonta, Priuso, and Viaso.
Socchieve borders the following municipalities: Ampezzo, Enemonzo, Forni di Sotto, Ovaro, Preone, Raveo, Tramonti di Sopra, Tramonti di Sotto.
# Flourless chocolate cake

Flourless chocolate cake is a dense cake made from an aerated chocolate custard. The first documented form of the cake was seen in Ferrara, Italy, though some forms of the cake have myths surrounding their origins. The dessert contains no gluten, which makes it acceptable for those with celiac disease, gluten-free diets, and during religious holidays in which gluten and grains are not permitted.

## Overview

A traditional baking method for a variety of flourless chocolate cakes involves whipping the whites alone and then whipping the yolks into the sugar to increase the air content. The overall effect of this process is a sturdy, but light cake. The chocolate and butter are melted together in either a microwave or double boiler. Once all the ingredients are combined, the resulting batter contains only the starch naturally present in the chocolate. The use of Dutch cocoa powder instead of simple cocoa powder will allow the cake to have a denser fudge-like consistency that the cake is known for. Flourless chocolate cakes typically use simple ingredients including: chocolate, butter, eggs, sugar, cocoa powder, vanilla, salt, and an optional dusting of powdered sugar, chocolate ganache, or berries. The Torta Caprese includes an additional ingredient of an almond meal.

## Origin

La Torta Tenerina is an Italian flourless chocolate cake that was first seen in Ferrara, Italy in 1900. It is the first recorded version of the cake. It has an alternative name, Queen of Montenegro, as it was said to be served when King Victor Emmanuel III took the throne of Italy making Elena Montenegro the Queen of Italy. In Ferrara, Italy La Torta Tenerina can be found on many restaurant and bakery menus.

## Special diets
### In Jewish cuisine

Flourless chocolate cake is a common dessert among Jews during the holiday of Passover since leavened grains cannot be consumed during that holiday.

### In gluten-free diets

Flourless chocolate cake is a popular dessert in gluten-free diets. There are several varieties including topping the cake with a chocolate ganache, adding raspberries, or it is frequently served with vanilla ice cream, all of which can be enjoyed by those with gluten-free and celiac-appropriate diets.
The use of alternative sugars would allow this cake to be enjoyed by those on a keto diet as well.

## Versions and similar cakes

Torta Caprese, originating from the Italian island of Capri, is a traditional flourless chocolate cake popular in that region that includes almond flour. This cake has a number of myths surrounding its origins including a baker forgetting to add the flour and that it's a version of an Austrian cake called the Austrian Sachertorte. A similar cake with little or no flour is known as "fallen" or "molten" chocolate cake and was popularized by, among others, Jean-Georges Vongerichten's restaurants.
The River Café's "chocolate nemesis" is a version of a flourless chocolate cake, with only four ingredients, eggs, sugar, chocolate and butter.
# My Little Loves

My Little Loves (French: Mes Petites Amoureuses from a poem by Arthur Rimbaud) is a French drama film written and directed by Jean Eustache, his second and last feature. It was released in 1974 and stars Martin Loeb as an adolescent boy shunted from a tranquil lifestyle at his grandmother's rural abode to his mother's cramped apartment in the city. Ingrid Caven plays the boy's mother. The film was entered into the 9th Moscow International Film Festival.

## Plot

This film is a study of a boy growing up in France. Daniel lives with his grandmother in Pessac outside the city of Bordeaux, sharing a naïve and happy childhood with his friends. After one year of secondary school, Daniel has to go to the city of Narbonne to live with his mother. She is a seamstress living in a small apartment with her lover José, a married Spanish farm worker. Daniel would like to continue school. However, his mother cannot afford it and sends him instead to work as an apprentice in a moped repair shop. Daniel learns about girls from observing others in the cinema, on the street, and advice from other boys in town. When he visits his grandmother next year, he returns as a much more mature boy than his old friends.

## Cast

* Martin Loeb as Daniel
* Jacqueline Dufranne as La grand-mère
* Jacques Romain
* Ingrid Caven as La mère
* Marie-Paule Fernandez as Françoise
* Vincent Testanière
* Roger Rizzi
* Anne Stroka
* Cirque Muller
* Syndra Kahn
* Jean-Jacques Bihan

## Production

Luc Béraud is assistant director on the movie.

## Reception

My Little Loves has an 80% approval rating on Rotten Tomatoes. It is one of Michel Gondry's favorite films.
# Opposition Deputy Chief Whip in House of Lords

Opposition Deputy Chief Whip is a position in the Opposition Frontbench in the House of Lords. The office holder tends to be shared by two members, each responsible for supervising whips in the chamber and reporting to the Leader and Chief Whip. As is the custom in the Lords, the officeholder acts as a spokesperson, as well as their duties as a Whip. It is currently held by Labour Peer Baroness Wheeler, who acts as Labour's spokesperson for Health and Social Care.
# Danny Carson

Danny Carson (born 2 February 1981) is an English footballer, who played as a midfielder in the Football League for Chester City.
# Azikeyevo, Mechetlinsky District, Republic of Bashkortostan

Azikeyevo (Russian: Азикеево; Bashkir: Әжекәй, Äjekäy) is a rural locality (a village) in Bolsheustyikinsky Selsoviet, Mechetlinsky District, Bashkortostan, Russia. The population was 684 as of 2010. There are 15 streets.

## Geography

Azikeyevo is located 14 km north of Bolsheustyikinskoye (the district's administrative centre) by road. Srednyaya Oka is the nearest rural locality.
# Nathaniel C. Barker

Sergeant Nathaniel C. Barker (September 28, 1836 – March 7, 1904) was an American soldier who fought in the American Civil War. Barker was awarded the country's highest award for bravery during combat, the Medal of Honor, for his action in Spotsylvania County, Virginia, during the Battle of Spotsylvania on May 12, 1864. He was presented with the award on 23 September 1897.

## Biography

Barker enlisted into the 11th New Hampshire Regiment Volunteer Infantry Company E on 21 August 1862. During the Battle of Spotsylvania six of the color bearers of Barker's company were killed on May 12, considered the bloodiest day of the battle. Barker took the regiment's two flags and advanced with them the rest of duration of the battle.
Barker was wounded on 7 June 1864 in Cold Harbor, Virginia and was later discharged from duty on 25 May 1865. He is buried at Last Rest Cemetery in Merrimack, New Hampshire.

## Medal of Honor citation

   Six Color Bearers of the regiment having been killed, Sergeant Barker voluntarily took both flags of the regiment and carried them through the remainder of the battle.
# Irsina Cathedral

Irsina Cathedral (Italian: Cattedrale di Santa Maria Assunta, Duomo di Irsina), formerly Montepeloso Cathedral, is a Roman Catholic cathedral dedicated to the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary, located in Irsina in the region of Basilicata, Italy. Since 1977 it has been a co-cathedral of the Archdiocese of Matera-Irsina, and was previously, from 1818, a co-cathedral of the Diocese of Gravina-Irsina. Before that it was the seat of the Diocese of Montepeloso. The present building was constructed in the 13th century and remodelled in 1777. It has a Baroque façade and a Gothic campanile. It contains a baptismal font of red marble and a number of 18th-century paintings of the Neapolitan School.
The cathedral also contains a well-known marble statue of Saint Euphemia. This has been attributed by some critics to Mantegna, and was exhibited as his at Mantua in 2009. Others however, including Giovanni Agosti, curator of the Mantegna exhibition at the Louvre, attribute it to Pietro Lombardo. The discussion continues.
The festival of Saint Euphemia, patron of Irsina, takes place on 14–17 September. On 16 September the keys of the city are offered to the archbishop on the altar of the cathedral, and by him to Saint Euphemia. A long procession then takes place through the streets of the town carrying the statue of the saint, the reliquary containing her arm and the icon of Our Lady of Divine Providence.
# Muhammad Fhirdan Guntara

Muhammad Fhirdan Maulana Guntara (born September 2, 1998) is an Indonesian professional basketball player for the Prawira Bandung of the Indonesian Basketball League (IBL).

## Early career

Represented the West Java province and won the gold medal for basketball at the 2016 Pekan Olahraga Nasional .

## College career

Fhirdan played college basketball for the ITHB Arrows alongside his current teammate Yudha, and they both won the LIMA championship in 2019.

## Personal life

Fhirdan has an older brother, Reza. They used to play alongside before he left Prawira to play for Pelita Jaya Bakrie.
# Alfonzo Giordano

Alfonzo J. Giordano Jr. (February 7, 1937 – November 21, 2013) was a senior ranking officer in the Philadelphia Police Department (PPD), having achieved the rank of Inspector and was part of the homicide division, before his retirement in 1982. In 1986, he was convicted of accepting $57,000 in bribes. Giordano admitted receiving more than $45,000 in bribes in 1979, and more than $12,000 in early 1980 when he was commander of Philadelphia's East Division. The payoffs were from various operators of illegal lotteries and from sports betting operations that thrived in the blue-collar neighborhoods.
Giordano is notable as being the "right hand man" of Frank Rizzo. He maintained a position of a high-ranking officer in the department throughout Rizzo's tenure as police commissioner and mayor. He was a member of the police force during the summer of 1964 when race riots devoured much of the city.
# Dense-scale lantern shark

The dense-scale lanternshark (Etmopterus pycnolepis) is a shark of the family Etmopteridae found in the southeast Pacific off Peru and Chile.
# Norman Hook (bowls)

Norman Robert Hook (27 October 1928 – 3 October 2011), was an English international lawn bowler.

## Bowls career

Hook was an England international from 1968 until 1970.
He represented England in the rinks (fours), at the 1970 British Commonwealth Games in Edinburgh, Scotland, with Harold Powell, Bobby Stenhouse and Cliff Stroud.
# Shchebetovka

Shchebetovka (Ukrainian: Щебетовка; Russian: Щебетовка; Crimean Tatar: Otuz) is an urban-type settlement in the Feodosia Municipality of Crimea. Population: 3,442 (2014 Census).
# Beowali

Beowali (Urdu: بیووالی) is a village situated alongside Jalalpur–Gujrat road in the district of Gujrat, Pakistan.
* This article about a location in Gujrat District, Punjab, Pakistan is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
# Apollonius Attaleus

Apollonius Attaleus (Ancient Greek: Άπολλώνιος Ἀτταλεύς) was a man mentioned by Artemidorus as being the author of a work on dreams. We know he lived in or before the 2nd century, but nothing else.
# Macau Catholic Schools Association

Macau Catholic Schools Association (Portuguese: Associação das Escolas Católicas de Macau, AECM; Chinese: 澳門天主教學校聯會) was established by the Bishop of Macau Paulo José Tavares during the 1960s.

## History

Paulo José Tavares established Federation of Catholic Schools of Macau (天主教學校協進會) in 1967 and it was supported by Salesian and Jesuit priests. After the bishop's death in 1973, the activities of the association were put on hold. When Arquimínio Rodrigues da Costa became the new bishop of Macau in 1982, the Federation became active again and was renamed Macau Catholic Schools Association.

## Purpose

The purpose of the Union is the federation of organizations to unite all the catholic schools which are located in Macau. Moreover, it also promotes moral education, and under the guidance of the bishop, complete cultivation and spread of the Gospel and other related issues.

## Membership

* Colégio Diocesano de São José 5
* Escola de São José Ka-Ho
* Our Lady Of Fatima Girls' School
* Colégio Mateus Ricci
* Escola São João de Brito
* Chan Sui Ki Perpetual Help College
* Instituto Salesiano
* Escola Estrela do Mar
* Yuet Wah College
* Escola do Santissimo Rosario
* Escola São Paulo
* Escola Dom João Paulino
* Escola de Santa Teresa
* Sacred Heart Canossian College (English Section)
* Colégio Escola Dom Luis Versiglia
* Yuet Wah College, Escola Caritas de Macau
* Escola Madalena de Canossa
* Colegio de Santa Rosa de Lima (Chinese Secondary)
* Colegio de Santa Rosa de Lima (English Secondary)
* Escola Santa Maria Mazzarello
Schools that are managed by Caritas Macau are members of the Association.
# Babikavan

Babikavan (Armenian: Բաբիկավան) is a village in the Kajaran Municipality of the Syunik Province in Armenia.

## Demographics

Babikavan was not listed in the 2011 Armenian census. However, following the 2017 reforms, Babikavan appeared in the records with a total population of 216.

## Municipal administration

The village was a part of the community of Lernadzor until the June 2017 administrative and territorial reforms, when the village became a part of the Kajaran Municipality.
# Allen Jones (whistleblower)

Allen Jones, gained widespread attention as a 'whistleblower' after discovering that state employees were receiving kickbacks from the pharmaceutical industry in Texas while working as an investigator in the Pennsylvania Office of the Inspector General (OIG). According to several sources he discovered similar issues in Pennsylvania as well, but when investigating the Department of Welfare he was told to back down, and that the pharmaceutical industry "write checks to both sides of the aisle." "
# Norman Rodgers (footballer)

Norman Rodgers (1891–1947) was an English footballer who played in the Football League for Blackburn Rovers and Stockport County.
# Danny Facey

Danny Facey is a Grenadian international footballer who plays for English club Albion Sports, as a striker.

## Career

Facey scored nine goals in five games for Towngate, and moved from Bradford Park Avenue to Ossett Town in January 2011.
In July 2015 he joined Brighouse Town, returning to Albion Sports in July 2016.
Facey made his international debut for Grenada in 2011.

## Personal life

He is the younger brother of Delroy Facey and cousin to Anthony Griffith.
# Camporosso

Camporosso (Ligurian: Campurussu) is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Imperia in the Italian region Liguria, located about 160 kilometres (99 mi) southwest of Genoa and about 45 kilometres (28 mi) west of Imperia.
Camporosso borders the following municipalities: Dolceacqua, San Biagio della Cima, Vallecrosia, and Ventimiglia.

## History

On 21 April 1686, the representants of eight villages, Camporosso, Vallebona, Vallecrosia, San Biagio della Cima, Sasso, Soldano, Borghetto San Nicolò and Bordighera had a meeting in order to build what they called "Magnifica Comunità degli Otto Luoghi", which can be translated as: "The magnificent community of the eight villages". Their goal was to gain independence from the nearby rival city of Ventimiglia.
# Yellow Yoshi

%5B%5BWikipedia%3ARedirects+for+discussion%5D%5D+debate+closed+as+delete
#REDIRECT Super Mario 64 DS#Gameplay
# Cavernas do Peruaçu Environmental Protection Area

Cavernas do Peruaçu Environmental Protection Area (Portuguese: Área de Proteção Ambiental Cavernas do Peruaçu) is a protected area in the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil.

## Location

The Cavernas do Peruaçu Environmental Protection Area, which covers 143,354 hectares (354,240 acres) of Cerrado biome, was established on 26 September 1989. The area is administered by the Chico Mendes Institute for Biodiversity Conservation. It covers parts of the municipalities of Bonito de Minas, Cônego Marinho, Itacarambi and Januária in the state of Minas Gerais.

## Environment

The Peruaçu River is a tributary of the São Francisco River, flowing from the tropical Cerrado region towards the semi-arid Caatinga of north east Brazil. It runs through a deep canyon cut through a limestone massif, with many galleries and caves in the high cliffs on either side. The Olhos d'Agua cave is 6 kilometres (3.7 mi) long, and the Janelso cave is 3,020 by 400 metres (9,910 by 1,310 ft) and 200 metres (660 ft) high. The caves contain stalactites, one of which is 28 metres (92 ft) high. Rock paintings have been found throughout the area. The river course holds gallery forests, while the massif holds some of the last areas of "dry forest" left in central Brazil. On 16 September 1998 the area was added to the UNESCO World Heritage Site Tentative List.

## Conservation

The area is classed as IUCN protected area category V, protected landscape/seascape. The purpose is to conserve the landscape and regional culture, protect and preserve the caves and other karst formations, protect the vegetation and wildlife, manage human impact and ensure the sustainable use of natural resources. Protected species include maned wolf (Chrysocyon brachyurus), ocelot (Leopardus pardalis mitis) jaguar (Panthera onca) and cougar (Puma concolor capricornensis).