OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Calabria (Chamber of Deputies constituency)

Calabria is one of the 29 constituencies (Italian: circoscrizioni) represented in the Chamber of Deputies, the lower house of the Italian parliament. The constituency currently elects 21 deputies. Its boundaries correspond to those of the Italian region of Calabria. The electoral system uses a parallel voting system, which act as a mixed system, with 37% of seats allocated using a first-past-the-post electoral system and 61% using a proportional method, with one round of voting.
The constituency was first established by the Mattarella law on 4 August 1993 and later confirmed by the Calderoli law on 21 December 2005 and by the Rosato law on 3 November 2017.

## Members of the Parliament
### 2018–present

Single-member districts :
| District | District | District | Deputy | Coalition | Coalition | Party | Party |
| N. | Name | Map | Deputy | Coalition | Coalition | Party | Party |
| 01 | Castrovillari | | Carmelo Massimo Misiti | | Five Star Movement | Five Star Movement | Five Star Movement |
| 02 | Corigliano Calabro | | Francesco Sapia | | Five Star Movement | Five Star Movement | Five Star Movement |
| 03 | Cosenza | | Anna Laura Orrico | | Five Star Movement | Five Star Movement | Five Star Movement |
| 04 | Catanzaro | | Giuseppe D'Ippolito | | Five Star Movement | Five Star Movement | Five Star Movement |
| 05 | Crotone | | Elisabetta Barbuto | | Five Star Movement | Five Star Movement | Five Star Movement |
| 06 | Vibo Valentia | | Wanda Ferro | | Centre-right | | Brothers of Italy |
| 07 | Gioia Tauro | | Francesco Cannizzaro | | Centre-right | | Forza Italia |
| 08 | Reggio Calabria | | Federica Dieni | | Five Star Movement | Five Star Movement | Five Star Movement |
Multi-member districts :
| District | District | District | Party | Party | Deputy |
| N. | Name | Map | Party | Party | Deputy |
| 01 | Calabria – 01 | | | Five Star Movement | Francesco Forciniti |
| 01 | Calabria – 01 | | | Five Star Movement | Elisa Scutellà |
| 01 | Calabria – 01 | | | Five Star Movement | Alessandro Melicchio |
| 01 | Calabria – 01 | | | Forza Italia | Roberto Occhiuto |
| 01 | Calabria – 01 | | | Democratic Party | Enza Bruno Bossio |
| 01 | Calabria – 01 | | | League | Domenico Furgiuele |
| 02 | Calabria – 02 | | | Five Star Movement | Dalila Nesci |
| 02 | Calabria – 02 | | | Five Star Movement | Paolo Parentela |
| 02 | Calabria – 02 | | | Five Star Movement | Riccardo Tucci |
| 02 | Calabria – 02 | | | Forza Italia | Jole Santelli |
| 02 | Calabria – 02 | | | Forza Italia | Maria Tripodi |
| 02 | Calabria – 02 | | | Democratic Party | Antonio Viscomi |
| 02 | Calabria – 02 | | | Free and Equal | Nico Stumpo |
# Sehested Fjord

Sehested Fjord (Greenlandic: Uummannap Kangertiva)) is a fjord of the King Frederick VI Coast in the Sermersooq municipality, southeastern Greenland.
This fjord was named in 1829 by Lieutenant W. A. Graah after Danish Admiral Christen Thomesen Sehested.

## Geography

Sehested Fjord is located north of Timmiarmiut Fjord. To the east it opens into the North Atlantic Ocean with Uiivaq and the entrance of Kattertooq Fjord on the northern side of its mouth and Griffenfeld Island on the southern side. Annat Fjord, with Tasiusaq Bay on its western side, is an inlet on the northern shore of the fjord located 17 km from its mouth. Sikuijuitsoq is another small tributary fjord branching from the Sehested Fjord on the southern shore opposite Annat Fjord.
This fjord has large, active glaciers at its head. The Rimfaxe, Guldfaxe and Ygdrasil glaciers have their confluence shortly before their terminus at the northwestern end of the fjord. Flowing from the west, the Garm glacier has two branches near its terminus, one flowing southwards into the Ernineq Fjord of the Timmiarmiut fjord system and the other eastwards into the Sikuijuitsoq, the southern branch of the Sehested Fjord.
* Sehested Fjord (right)
* Sehested Fjord (right)
* Sehested Fjord (middle) and Uiivaq

### Mountains

There are high mountains on both sides of the fjord. 1,539 m (5,049 ft) high Peberbøssen, a prominent peak, rises on the King Dan Peninsula (Kong Dan Halvø) on the northern side near the entrance. Further inland a 2,004 m (6,575 ft) high summit rises in the north at 63°18′25″N 42°12′37″W﻿ / ﻿63.30694°N 42.21028°W﻿ / 63.30694; -42.21028. In the western side, a 1,832 m (6,010 ft) high summit rises at 63°7′58″N 42°14′57″W﻿ / ﻿63.13278°N 42.24917°W﻿ / 63.13278; -42.24917. The Skirnir Mountains (Skirners Bjerge) are a nunatak group rising at 63°2′N 42°40′W﻿ / ﻿63.033°N 42.667°W﻿ / 63.033; -42.667 between the Heimdal and Garm glaciers in the inner part of the fjord.
# Palan-e Narges

Palan-e Narges (Persian: پالان نرگس, also Romanized as Pālān-e Narges) is a village in Dasht-e Hor Rural District, in the Central District of Salas-e Babajani County, Kermanshah Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 277, in 47 families.
# Christopher Drazan

Christopher Drazan (born 2 October 1990) is an Austrian football midfielder.

## International

On 19 August 2008, Drazan made his debut in the starting eleven of the Austrian U-21 team against Ireland, being substituted in the 46th minute.

## Personal life

His father is the former FK Austria Wien player Fritz Drazan.
# Khnatsakh, Nagorno-Karabakh

Khnatsakh (Armenian: Խնածախ) or Khanyurdu (Azerbaijani: Xanyurdu) is a village in the Khojaly District of Azerbaijan, in the region of Nagorno-Karabakh. Until 2023 it was controlled by the breakaway Republic of Artsakh. The village had an ethnic Armenian-majority population until the exodus of the Armenian population of Nagorno-Karabakh following the 2023 Azerbaijani offensive in Nagorno-Karabakh. The village is located to the immediate north of the city of Stepanakert.

## History

The modern village was founded in 1770 by settlers from the village of Khnatsakh in the Syunik region of Armenia. During the Soviet period, the village was part of the Askeran District of the Nagorno-Karabakh Autonomous Oblast.

## Historical heritage sites

Historical heritage sites in and around the village include the 12th/13th-century village of Kghategh (Armenian: Քղատեղ), a 13th-century khachkar, the 17th/18th-century shrine of Parur (Armenian: Պարուր), an 18th/19th-century cemetery, and the 19th-century church of Surb Astvatsatsin (Armenian: Սուրբ Աստվածածին, lit. 'Holy Mother of God').

## Economy and culture

The population is mainly engaged in agriculture and animal husbandry, as well as in different state institutions. As of 2015, the village has a municipal building, a house of culture, a secondary school, and a medical centre.

## Demographics

The village had 592 inhabitants in 2005, and 684 inhabitants in 2015.

## Gallery

* WWII monument
* St. Astvatsatsin Church
* Entrance to the village, sign reading "Khnatsakh" in Cyrillic script
* Municipal building
* School
* Cemetery
# Binaa Sudan Party

Binaa Sudan Party (Arabic: حزب بناء السودان, romanized: Hizb Binaa Al Sudan), abbreviated BSP, is a political party in Sudan. Established February 2018 following an invitation from the Sudanese Shadow Government, a group of youth professionals who joined together to form a non-ideological organisation to produce a practical manifesto to put solutions for Sudan's state problems. Binaa Sudan Party is a Transpartisan organization. BSP has signed the Deceleration of Freedom and Change, which is an alliance that initiated and led the topple of Omar Al-Bashir in 2019.

## History

The Sudanese Shadow Government is a political organization which announced its establishment on 24 December 2013 in Khartoum, Sudan. After 5 years of attempting to reform the political environment in Sudan, it called for establishing a new political party to lead the change in political agenda, aiming to stop the ideology based conflict to shift the political competition towards addressing citizens' problems and concerns.

## Ideology

Binaa Sudan Party seeks to transcend traditional political boundaries to be a Transpartisan organization.

## Electoral history

There has been no elections in Sudan since the establishment of the party.
# Ivan Khokhlov

Ivan Sergeyevich Khokhlov (Russian: Иван Серге́евич Хохлов; 28 May 1895 – 11 February 1973) was a Soviet-Russian statesman who was from 1940 to 1943 the Chairman of the Council of People's Commissars of the Russian SFSR, literally meaning Premier or Prime Minister.
From 1906 he worked as a weaver. Entering the Red Army in 1918, he was an employee of the Rabkrin in 1920–23. To 1929 Khokhlov was a member of executive committees of Bronnitsky Uyezd and then Bogorodsky Uyezd. In 1931–34 in the financial department of Moscow Oblast, 1934–37 — chairman of the Ramensky District executive committee.
Khokhlov was elected member of the 1st, 2nd, 3rd and 4th Supreme Soviet of the USSR (1937–58), from 17 January 1938 to 31 May 1938 he was deputy chairman of the Presidium. From 2 June 1940 to 23 June 1943, he was the chairman of the Council of People's Commissars of the RSFSR. Due to the prolonged absence of Khokhlov, from 5 May 1942 his deputy Konstantin Pamfilov was the acting chairman of the Council of People's Commissars. Khokhlov's absence in Moscow was caused by his membership in the Military Council of Western Front. The main concern of Khokhlov at this time was the transportation of troops, the army's provision with military equipment, weapons, ammunition, fuel, evacuation from the western and southwestern regions, and repair of military equipment.
From 1955 he was the head of the Main Directorate for Trade Inspection of the Ministry of Trade of the USSR. Ivan Khokhlov died in Moscow on 11 February 1973 and was buried at Novodevichy Cemetery.
# Ed Lucas

Edward Joseph Lucas Jr.$^{:2}$ (January 3, 1939 – November 10, 2021) was an American blind sportswriter who primarily covered the New York Yankees.

## Biography

Born in Jersey City, New Jersey, Lucas grew up in Weehawken, New Jersey and attended St. Joseph's School for the Blind in Jersey City. Lucas was blind from 1951, when he was 12 years old. He was pitching in a pickup game on October 3, 1951—the day of Bobby Thomson's "Shot Heard 'Round the World"— when a line drive hit him in the face. The accident resulted in the loss of his sight. From 1964, Lucas was a reporter and broadcaster.
He was an alumnus of Seton Hall University, having received a bachelor's degree in communication arts. In 2006, Lucas and his second wife, Allison Pfeifle, were the first couple to be married on the field of Yankee Stadium; they had been introduced to each other by Phil Rizzuto.
Lucas was featured in Bleacher Boys, a 2009 documentary about blind baseball fans, and in an April 2018 episode of SC Featured on ESPN.
A resident of Union Township, Union County, New Jersey, Lucas died from pulmonary fibrosis on November 10, 2021, at the age of 82.

## Works

* Lucas, Ed; Lucas, Christopher (2015). Seeing Home: The Ed Lucas Story: A Blind Broadcaster's Story of Overcoming Life's Greatest Obstacles. Gallery/Jeter Publishing. ISBN 978-1476785837.
# Almaș

Almaș (Hungarian: Háromalmás) is a commune in Arad County, Romania. Situated in the Gurahonț Basin, in the left valley of the Crişul Alb River, the commune is composed of four villages: Almaș (situated at 97 km (60 mi) from Arad), Cil (Alcsil), Joia Mare (Kakaró) and Rădești (Bozósd). Its total administrative territory is 8127 ha.

## Population

According to the last census the population of the commune counts 3009 inhabitants. From an ethnic point of view, it has the following structure: 96.3% are Romanians, 0.2% Hungarians, 3.4% Roma and 0.1% are of other or undeclared nationalities.

## History

The first documentary record of the locality Almaș dates back to 1334. Cil was mentioned in documents in 1369, Rădești in 1441, and Joia Mare in 1439.

## Tourism

There is a monastery dedicated to the Annunciation, and the Rădeștilor Valley.
# Ghukas Chubaryan

Ghukas Chubaryan (Armenian: Ղուկաս Չուբարյան; 1923 – March 23, 2009) was a prominent Armenian sculptor, People's Artist of Armenia. He authored numerous works that later became symbols of the Armenian capital.
Chubaryan became famous in 1968, after his basalt statue of Mesrop Mashtots was located in front of the Matenadaran.
One of the most important Armenian artists in the post-Stalin Soviet period, Chubaryan also made the prominent decorative ornaments on the government building in the 1950s and the facade of Yerevan Opera House in 1980s. He is also known as the sculptor of Hovhannes Tumanyan (monuments in Tumanyan's birthplace Dsegh, Armenia and in the front of Tumanyan's museum, Yerevan) and Alexander Spendiaryan monuments (Opera House square and in the front of Musical school named after Alexander Spendiaryan, Yerevan).
# Markus Fuchs (sprinter)

Markus Fuchs (born 14 November 1995) is an Austrian sprinter. He represented his country at two outdoor and three indoor European Championships.

## International competitions

| Year | Competition | Venue | Position | Event | Notes |
| Representing Austria ||||||
| 2011 | European Youth Olympic Festival | Trabzon, Turkey | 22nd (h) | 100 m | 11.27 |
| 2015 | European Indoor Championships | Prague, Czech Republic | 29th (h) | 60 m | 6.85 |
| 2015 | European U23 Championships | Tallinn, Estonia | 29th (h) | 100 m | 10.96 |
| 2015 | European U23 Championships | Tallinn, Estonia | 27th (h) | 200 m | 21.99 |
| 2016 | European Championships | Amsterdam, Netherlands | 22nd (h) | 100 m | 10.56 |
| 2017 | European Indoor Championships | Belgrade, Serbia | 22nd (h) | 60 m | 6.84 |
| 2017 | European U23 Championships | Bydgoszcz, Poland | 19th (sf) | 100 m | 10.59 |
| 2017 | European U23 Championships | Bydgoszcz, Poland | – | 200 m | DQ |
| 2017 | Universiade | Taipei, Taiwan | 18th (qf) | 100 m | 10.64 |
| 2017 | Universiade | Taipei, Taiwan | 29th (h) | 200 m | 21.79 |
| 2018 | European Championships | Berlin, Germany | 34th (h) | 100 m | 10.57 |
| 2018 | European Championships | Berlin, Germany | 25th (h) | 200 m | 21.29 |
| 2019 | European Indoor Championships | Glasgow, United Kingdom | 11th (sf) | 60 m | 6.71 |
| 2019 | Universiade | Naples, Italy | 13th (sf) | 100 m | 10.53 |
| 2019 | Universiade | Naples, Italy | 15th (sf) | 200 m | 21.37 |
| 2021 | European Indoor Championships | Toruń, Poland | 38th (h) | 60 m | 6.77 |
| 2022 | World Indoor Championships | Belgrade, Serbia | 28th (h) | 60 m | 6.68 |
| 2022 | European Championships | Munich, Germany | 23rd (sf) | 100 m | 10.42 |
| 2023 | European Indoor Championships | Istanbul, Turkey | 7th | 60 m | 6.59 |
| 2023 | World Championships | Budapest, Hungary | 46th (h) | 100 m | 10.43 |
| 2024 | World Indoor Championships | Glasgow, United Kingdom | 10th (sf) | 60 m | 6.58 |
| 2024 | European Championships | Rome, Italy | 13th (sf) | 100 m | 10.29 |
| 2024 | Olympic Games | Paris, France | 65th (h) | 100 m | 10.59 |

## Personal bests

Outdoor
* 100 metres – 10.08 (+1.2m/s, St. Polten 2023)
* 200 metres – 20.84 (-1.0 m/s, Weinheim 2018)
Indoor
* 60 metres – 6.58 (Glasgow 2024)
* 200 metres – 21.45 (Vienna 2019)
# William A. Clemens Jr.

William Alvin Clemens Jr. (May 15, 1932 — November 17, 2020) was a paleontologist at the University of California at Berkeley. He was faculty of the Department of Paleontology from 1967, then the Department of Integrative Biology from 1994 to his retirement and curator of the UC Museum of Paleontology. Clemens was also director of the museum (1987–1989) and chair of the Department of Paleontology (1987–1989). He was awarded a Guggenheim Fellowship (1974–75), a U.S. Senior Scientist Award by the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation, the Romer-Simpson Medal (2006), and was made a Fellow of the California Academy of Sciences.

## Early life and education

Clemens was born in Berkeley, California. After graduating from Berkeley High School, he attended the University of California, Berkeley, earning a B.A. in paleontology in 1954 and a Ph.D. in 1960. From 1961 to 1967, he served as faculty in the Zoology Department at the University of Kansas and as the curator of higher vertebrates in their Museum of Natural History.

## Research

Clemens' research focussed on the evolution of mammals in the Mesozoic Era, both their origin and diversification as well as the microstructure of the early mammalian jaw and teeth. He was also noted for his research into the extinction of the dinosaurs at the Cretaceous–Paleogene boundary (K–Pg or K-T boundary). Clemens supported a view contrary to the more familiar Alvarez hypothesis model of sudden catastrophic extinction precipitated by an asteroid, which was proposed in part by Walter Alvarez, also at the University of California, Berkeley, at the time. Clemens' research in western North America suggests that the dinosaurs were already undergoing gradual extinction prior to the end of the Cretaceous and that other groups of vertebrates were not severely impacted by the event.

## Selected publications

* Clemens, William A. (1997). "Characterization of enamel microstructure and application of the origins of prismatic structures in systematic analyses", pages 85–112 in W. V. Koenigswald (ed.) Tooth enamel microstructure. Rotterdam: A. A. Balkema.
* Clemens, William A. (2001). "Patterns of mammalian evolution across the Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary". Mitteilungen aus dem Museum für Naturkunde in Berlin, Zoologische Reihe 77:175–191.
* Clemens, William A. (2002). "Evolution of the mammalian fauna across the Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary in northeastern Montana and other areas of the Western Interior." Geological Society of America, Special Paper 361: 217–245.
* Clemens, William A. (2006). Ecological diversification of mammals during the Mesozoic, the Age of Dinosaurs. McGraw-Hill.
# Composition of Yards and Perches

The Composition of Yards and Perches (Latin: Compositio Ulnarum et Perticarum) or the Statute of Ells and Perches was a medieval English statute defining the length of the barleycorn, inch, foot, yard, and perch, as well as the area of the acre. Its date has been estimated at 1266–1303.
The Latin text from the manuscript known as BL Cotton MS Claudius D 2 is translated in Ruffhead's Statutes at Large) as
   It is ordained that 3 grains of barley dry and round do make an inch, 12 inches make 1 foot, 3 feet make 1 yard, 5 yards and a half make a perch, and 40 perches in length and 4 in breadth make an acre.$^{:277}$
A similar statement is made in Liber Horn (as published in The Statutes of the Realm):
   And be it remembered that the iron yard of our Lord the King containeth 3 feet and no more, and a foot ought to contain 12 inches by the right measure of this yard measured, to wit, the 36th part of this yard rightly measured maketh 1 inch neither more nor less and 5 yards and a half make a perch that is 16 feet and a half measured by the aforesaid yard of our Lord the King.$^{:276}$
The Composition of Yards and Perches belongs to a class of documents known as Statutes of uncertain date generally thought to be from c. 1250 to 1305. Although not originally statutes, they gradually acquired the force of law. In some early statute books Composition of Yards and Perches was appended to another statute of uncertain date, the Statute for the Measuring of Land also known as Statutum de Admensuratione Terrase, An Ordinance for Measuring of Land, sometimes listed as 33° Edward I. st. 6. (1305). The Composition of Yards and Perches was repealed by the Weights and Measures Act 1824 (5 Geo. 4. c. 74, par. 23).
# List of ambassadors of the United Kingdom to North Korea

The British ambassador to North Korea is head of the United Kingdom's diplomatic mission to North Korea. The official title is His Britannic Majesty's Ambassador to the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (DPRK). The current ambassador is Dr David Ellis, who has held the role since December 2021.

## History

Under the Imperial Chinese tributary system, Korea was a tributary state to China. After the United Kingdom–Korea Treaty of 1883 British Ministers to China were appointed as "Her Majesty's Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary to His Majesty the Emperor of China, and also Her Majesty's Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary to His Majesty the King of Corea." Britain also appointed consuls-general to be resident in Seoul, but they were not heads of mission, as the head of mission was the minister in Peking (now Beijing). In 1898, following the First Sino-Japanese War (1894–95), the Korean Empire became independent of China, and Britain appointed a chargé d'affaires who became Minister Resident when the United Kingdom and Korea exchanged envoys in 1901.

## Consul-General in Seoul

* 1884–1885: William George Aston
* 1889–1896: Walter Hillier
* 1896-1898: John Jordan

## Head of mission to Korea
### Minister to China, non-resident Minister to Korea

* 1884–1885: Sir Harry Smith Parkes
* 1885–1892: Sir John Walsham, 2nd Baronet
* 1892–1895: Sir Nicholas O'Conor
* 1896–1898: Sir Claude MacDonald

### Chargé d'affaires

* 1898–1901: John Jordan

### Minister Resident

* 1901–1905: Sir John Jordan
Under the Japan–Korea Treaty of 1905 Korea became a protectorate of Japan, and Britain and other countries withdrew diplomatic missions from Seoul. After World War II Japan's rule ended and Korea was occupied by the Soviet Union and United States, resulting in division of Korea between the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (North Korea) and the Republic of Korea (South Korea).

## Head of mission to North Korea

After Britain and North Korea re-established diplomatic relations in 2000, James Hoare was appointed British Chargé d'affaires in Pyongyang; and his work laid the foundation for the establishment of a full embassy in the North Korean capital.
The British Embassy in Pyongyang opened in July 2001. David Slinn was the first British Ambassador; he arrived in Pyongyang in November 2002.

### Chargé d'affaires in North Korea

* James Hoare, 2001–2002

### Ambassador to North Korea

| Name | Tenure begins | Tenure ends | British monarch | Supreme leader |
| David Slinn | 2002 | 2006 | Elizabeth II | Kim Jong-il |
| John Everard | 2006 | 2008 | Elizabeth II | Kim Jong-il |
| Peter Hughes | 2008 | 2011 | Elizabeth II | Kim Jong-il |
| Karen Wolstenholme | 2011 | 2012 | Elizabeth II | Kim Jong-un |
| Michael Gifford | 2012 | 2015 | Elizabeth II | Kim Jong-un |
| Alastair Morgan | 2015 | 2018 | Elizabeth II | Kim Jong-un |
| Colin Crooks | 2018 | 2022 | Elizabeth II | Kim Jong-un |
| David Ellis | 2022 | | Elizabeth II | Kim Jong-un |
| David Ellis | 2022 | | Charles III | Kim Jong-un |
# Constitutional Court of Uzbekistan

The Constitutional Court of the Republic of Uzbekistan (Uzbek: Ўзбекистон Республикаси Конституциявий суди, Russian: Конституционный суд Республики Узбекистан) is the supreme constitutional court of Uzbekistan. Its tasks include reviewing whether proposed laws conflict with the Constitution of Uzbekistan, and whether laws of the Republic of Karakalpakstan conflict with the laws of the Republic of Uzbekistan. Under Article 95 of the Constitution, it is also tasked with authority to approve the President of Uzbekistan's decision to dissolve the Oliy Majlis. The court's decisions are final and unappealable.
The court is made up of seven judges, including the chairman and deputy chairman. One of the judges must be a representative of Karakalpakstan. The Senate of Uzbekistan elects the judges by majority vote, from among candidates recommended by the Supreme Judicial Council and nominated by the president. They are elected to terms of five years. The judges elect the chairman and deputy chairman from among themselves. The chairman of the court since 2014 (re-elected in 2017) has been Mirbabaev Bakhtiyar.
The law establishing the Constitutional Court was adopted on May 6, 1993. A second law was adopted in 1995, and the first judges were elected to the court in December 1995. The current law on the Constitutional Court was adopted by the Supreme Assembly in 2017.