OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Human Rights and Equality Institution of Turkey

The Human Rights and Equality Institution of Türkiye (Turkish: Türkiye İnsan Hakları ve Eşitlik Kurumu, TİHEK) is the equality body and the national human rights institution of Turkey. It is a public legal entity vested with administrative and financial autonomy by the relevant legislation regulating it.

## History

The institution was first established under the name Human Rights Institution of Turkey. It was established by the "Turkish Human Rights Institution Law" dating 21 June 2012 and became a national prevention mechanism with the decision of the Council of Ministers in 9 December 2013. The institution was abolished in 2016 and reestablished with the name of Human Rights and Equality Institution of Turkey in 2016.

## Purpose and duties

The Human Rights and Equality Institution of Turkey is established in order to:
* protect and develop human rights based on human dignity;
* to ensure the right of people to be treated equally;
* to prevent discrimination in the enjoyment of legally recognized rights and freedoms;
* to effectively combat torture and ill-treatment;
* to fulfill the task of national prevention mechanism in this regard.
The Human Rights and Equality Institution of Türkiye has quasi-judicial authorities such as imposing administrative fines between ₺ 2,673,61 and ₺ 40, 179,00 based upon the procedures stipulated by the Law and conducting ex officio investigations regarding human rights violation and prohibition of discrimination.

## Staff

The board consists of eleven members, including a chairperson and a deputy chairperson, who will serve for four years. The board members and staff must declare their property and are prohibited from receiving presents from parties with whom they have business service or relationship of interest.

## Application

Each and every natural person and legal person who claim to have suffered from violations of non-discrimination can apply to the institution. Applications to the institution can be filed via governorates in provinces and district governorates in provinces. Applications can be delivered by hand, fax, email and other services provided by the Institution. Persons deprived of their liberty or taken under protection can also apply to the Institution. Applications are not charged with a fee.

## Partnerships

The Human Rights and Equality Institution of Turkey is collaborating with the relevant units of the United Nations (UN), Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE) and Council of Europe.
As an institution established in compliance with the Paris Principles, the Global Alliance of National Human Rights Institutions and European Network of National Human Rights Institutions are the strategic partners of the Human Rights and Equality Institution of Turkey. In this regard, it attends annual meetings of the aforementioned organizations and takes part in the projects at advisor level and in working group on migrants and asylum seekers. In the official letter sent by the SCA Secretariat on October 10, 2022, it is stated that SCA decided that the HREIT be accredited with B status.
# Hosen

Hosen (Hebrew: חֹסֶן, חוסן, lit. 'Strength') is a moshav in northern Israel. Located near Ma'alot-Tarshiha, it falls under the jurisdiction of Ma'ale Yosef Regional Council. In 2022 it had a population of 1,193.

## History

The village was established in 1949 by members of Herut on land which had belonged to the depopulated Palestinian village of Suhmata.
# Xpand Rally

Xpand Rally is a rally racing game developed by Techland for Microsoft Windows. It contains 60 tracks where players can drive against 120 different rally drivers.

## Reception

Aggregate score :
| Aggregator | Score |
| Metacritic | 82/100 |
Review scores :
| Publication | Score |
| IGN | 8/10 |
| PC Gamer (UK) | 74% |
| PC Gamer (US) | 79% |
The game received "favorable" reviews according to the review aggregation website Metacritic.
# Dorsal interossei

Dorsal interossei (Latin: interossei dorsales) may refer to:
* Dorsal interossei of the hand, musculi interossei dorsales manus
* Dorsal interossei of the foot, musculi interossei dorsales pedis
# Eastern Arc Mountains

The Eastern Arc Mountains are a chain of mountains found in Kenya and Tanzania. The chain runs from northeast to southwest, with the Taita Hills being in Kenya and the other ranges being in Tanzania. They are delimited on the southwest by the fault complex represented by the Makambako Gap that separates them from the Kipengere Range. To the northeast, they are delimited by more recent volcanism represented by Mount Kilimanjaro. The chain is considered a tentative World Heritage Site.

## Mountain ranges

The Eastern Arc Mountains form a roughly crescent-shaped arc and consist of:
* Taita Hills
* North and South Pare Mountains
* East and West Usambara Mountains
* Nguru Mountains
* Ukaguru Mountains
* Uluguru Mountains
* Uvidunda Mountains
* Rubeho Mountains
* Malundwe Mountain
* Udzungwa Mountains
* Mahenge Mountains

## Geology

These mountain ranges are the oldest in East Africa, and though physically separated from each other, share a similar geomorphology and ecology. They were formed at least 100 million years ago along a fault lying to the east of the East African Rift, which is a more recent structure. About 30 million years ago, all this area was covered by extensive rainforest. During a period some 10 million years ago, when the climate was cooler and drier, the lowland forests were converted to savanna, leaving the mountain ranges as "islands" where the tropical forests continued to flourish, fed by moisture-laden winds from the Indian Ocean. This isolation of each mountain range has led to a great deal of endemism, and a very diverse flora and fauna. The Eastern Arc has become known as one of the world's top-20 biodiversity hotspots.

## Flora and fauna

Seventy-five species of vertebrate are endemic to the Eastern Arc, as well as thousands of species of invertebrates. About 15 plant genera are endemic to these mountains, as well as Streptocarpus sect. Saintpaulia, the African violet, now used as a houseplant around the world. Many of these endemics have evolved recently, but some are remnants of populations that were at one time more widespread. The Uluguru Mountains and the eastern Usambara Mountains have the greatest degree of biodiversity. Many endemic species are found on a single mountain range. Four of the endemic birds are similar to Asian species, and may have evolved at a time when the Arabian Peninsula had a coastal fringe of vegetation to act as a passageway; the Udzungwa forest partridge (Xenoperdix udzungwensis) is a relict and example of this, it is found only on the Rubeho Mountains and Udzungwa Mountains, and its closest relatives appear to be the hill partridges of Asia.
# Grenzgipfel

The Grenzgipfel (4,618 m) (German for Border Summit) is a peak of Monte Rosa Massif (Pennine Alps), located on the border between Italy and Switzerland.
The Grenzgipfel is the highest summit on the Italian side of the Monte Rosa massif and the highest point of the entire border between Italy and Switzerland; it is also the culminating point of the Italian region of Piedmont and of the Ticino river drainage basin.
The closest locality is Macugnaga, which is located east of the Monte Rosa Massif.
# Świnica

Świnica (Polish) or Svinica (Slovak) is a mountain in the main crest of the High Tatras, on the Polish-Slovak border. The main peak is at 2,302 m AMSL. A marked trail leads through the summit. The Polish name Świnica (derivative form of a pig or swine) was given to this summit in the mid 19th century. It probably refers to the resemblance of the peak to silhouette of a swine. Another, doubtful explanation, is that the summit was difficult to reach.
# Bustan HaGalil

Bustan HaGalil (Hebrew: בֻּסְתַּן הַגָּלִיל or בוסתן הגליל lit. Orchard of the Galilee) is a moshav in the Western Galilee in northern Israel. Located near Acre, it falls under the jurisdiction of Mateh Asher Regional Council. As of 2022 its population was 1,328.

## History

It was founded in 1948 by Holocaust survivors from Romania and was located on the land of the depopulated Palestinian village of Al-Manshiyya, north of the village site. The site had previously been used for the Sydney Smith Barracks, where the Armistice of Saint Jean d'Acre, which ended the Syria-Lebanon campaign of World War II in 1941, was signed. The name is symbolic, taken after the orchards in the area.
After the 1948 Arab–Israeli War, residents of the moshav of Beit Yosef joined them.
# Marcheroux Abbey

Marcheroux Abbey (French: Abbaye de Marcheroux or Abbaye Saint-Nicolas-de-Marcheroux; Latin: Marchasium Radulphi) is a former Premonstratensian monastery dedicated in honour of Saint Nicholas in Beaumont-les-Nonains in Les Hauts-Talican south of Beauvais, Picardy, France. The site has been registered as a monument historique since 1995.

## History

In 1122 Ulric, a companion of the founder of the Premonstratensian Order, Saint Norbert of Xanten, established in Jouy-la-Grange in the present Beaumont-les-Nonains a religious community called Saint-Nicolas-en-Thelle. In or around 1145 the landowner Ansculphe de Sénots made them a gift of land in Marcheroux, less than 5 kilometres away, to which the abbey moved shortly afterwards. In 1147 Pope Eugene III confirmed the foundation. The monastery was subordinate to the abbey of Saint-Josse de Dommartin in Tortefontaine (now in Pas-de-Calais). Ansculphe de Sénots also gave the abbey a farm at Beaumont, where Ulric established a nunnery, whence the present name of Beaumont-les-Nonains ("nonains" is the Old French word for "nuns"). The farm was destroyed in 1192 but there was still apparently a community of nuns there in the mid-13th century.
Around 1180 Marcheroux founded a daughter house, Abbecourt Abbey, in the present Yvelines. Marcheroux never became wealthy: it had the revenues of a single parish church. It also suffered some misfortunes. At the end of the 12th and beginning of the 13th centuries it was laid waste by a certain Guyard, a descendant of Ansculphe. It was destroyed again in about 1430 by English troops and remained in ruins until the beginning of the 16th century. A new abbey church was dedicated in 1536 but collapsed in 1615.
In 1668 the abbey joined the reformist movement initiated some decades earlier by Servais de Lairuelz in an attempt to regain the earlier discipline of the order. In 1727 it fell into the hands of commendatory abbots. By the time of the French Revolution in 1791, when the monastery was suppressed and its assets sold, only seven canons remained. In the 19th century the abbey church, the vaulting of which had been destroyed, was used as a barn.

## Remains

The abbey church survives and retains parts of the 13th-century choir and apse. The nave and west front date from the rebuilding of around 1710. The 17th-century conventual building and the 18th-century gateway are also still extant.
Parts of the fabric and fittings of the abbey church are now in other local parish churches. Sixteen choir stalls, backed by two altars and retables with a tabernacle are in the parish church of La Houssoye. One of the retables is decorated with a relief depicting Saint Nicholas and the three children in the salt barrel. The group is dated 1716 in an inscription. The parish church of Montjavoult contains two 18th-century altar claddings depicting the Presentation of Jesus at the Temple.
# Canadian Dental Association

The Canadian Dental Association (CDA; French: Association dentaire canadienne) is a non-profit professional association representing Canada's provincial and territorial dental associations. Headquartered in Canada's capital city Ottawa, the CDA serves its members and the public by managing key oral health issues on their behalf and by coordinating dental health awareness programs across the nation.
CDA is actively involved with lobbying and advocacy initiatives and uses its leadership role to communicate to the public and the government the profession's concerns regarding managed dental care.

## History

The CDA was founded in 1902.
Deborah Stymiest of Fredericton was elected as its first female president in 2008.

## CDA Seal Program

The CDA Seal is a symbol to help consumers know which oral health benefit claims made by a manufacturer have been independently reviewed and are supported by scientific evidence. The seal is designed to help the public and dental professionals make informed choices. It is based on the dental symbol the Rod of Asclepius, and is surrounded by an interlocking circle and triangle.

## CDA Corporate Membership

The Canadian Dental Association is a nationwide professional organization, representing Canadian dentists through its corporate members, who are currently:
* British Columbia Dental Association
* Alberta Dental Association
* College of Dental Surgeons of Saskatchewan
* Manitoba Dental Association
* Ontario Dental Association
* New Brunswick Dental Society
* Northwest Territories and Nunavut
* Nova Scotia Dental Association
* Dental Association of Prince Edward Island
* Newfoundland & Labrador Dental Association
* Yukon Dental Association
Corporate members are provincial or territorial dental organizations that pay a corporate membership fee in order to represent their members' interests on a national basis.

## Publications

* Journal of the Canadian Dental Association
* CDA Essentials
# Bronis Ropė

Bronis Ropė (born 14 April 1955) is a Lithuanian member of the European Parliament representing the Lithuanian Farmers and Greens Union (Greens–European Free Alliance). He was first elected in 2014 and was re-elected in 2019.

## Biography

He studied at the Kaunas University of Technology between 1974-1979 where he was elected chairman of the faculty trade union from 1976 to 1978. He was the mayor of Ignalina from 1995 to 2014. He is also the first vice chairman of the Lithuanian Farmers and Greens Union. He married his wife Danutė Šileikytė-Ropienė in 1985 and they have two sons.
# The Carved Lions

The Carved Lions (1895) is a book by British author Mary Louisa Molesworth (Mrs. Molesworth). The book was first published by Macmillan and Company, London.

## Plot

The story features the interaction between the children of the household and a pair of lions carved in wood, who come to life and take care of them.
* Children's literature portal
# Jawa

Jawa may refer to:

## Places
### Southeast Asia

* Java (Javanese: Jawa), the most populous and fifth-largest island in Indonesia and the site of its capital, Jakarta
** East Java, also called Jawa Timur, a province on the Indonesian island of Java
** Central Java, also called Jawa Tengah, a province on the Indonesian island of Java
** West Java, also called Jawa Barat, a province on the Indonesian island of Java
* Chek Jawa, a cape and the name of its 100-hectare wetlands located on the south-eastern tip of Pulau Ubin off coast of Singapore
* Karimunjava, an archipelago of 69 islands in the Java Sea, Indonesia, approximately 80 kilometres northwest of Jepara
* Padang Jawa, a small town in Selangor, Malaysia
* Parit Jawa, a main town in Muar district, Johor, Malaysia

### Middle East

* Jawa, Jordan, archaeological site in Jordan
* Tall Jawa, Iron Age village in central Jordan
* Zaduqabad, Iran, a village in Markazi Province, Iran, also known as Jāwa

## Entertainment

* Jawa (Star Wars), a fictional alien species from Star Wars
* Langgam jawa, a regional form of Indonesian kroncong music most often associated with the city of Surakarta
* Jawa: Mammoth and the Stone's Secret, a 2008 game for the Nintendo Wii home video game console

## Other uses

* Jawa Moto, also known as JAWA Motokov, a manufacturer of motorcycles based in the Czech Republic
* Jawa Pos, an Indonesian daily newspaper published in Surabaya, East Java
* The Jawa Report, a blog and forum for civilians concerned about terrorism by Islamists
* Joint Action Water Agency, a form of organization for public water supply utilities
* The Javanese language, sometimes known as Jawa
# Iril River

The Iril River (Meitei: Iril Turel) is a river that runs through the eastern suburbs of the city of Imphal in the state of Manipur, India. Dolathabi Project is on the river at Leitanpokpi village.

## Etymology

The name Iril derives from two words Ee and Rei/Ree. The Meitei word Ee, which means blood, although "Ee" is also the first syllable in the Meitei word for anything "water" related such as "Ee-shing" which simply means water. So words suffixed with the syllable "Ee" can also denote different forms of water e.g. "ee-ram" (path of water), ee-phut" (spring), "ee-mai" (water surface), "ee-chel" (speed of running water) etc. And the word Rei/Ree, means river. Literally translated, it could be Iril indicates "river of blood", but more likely, since both the syllables in this bi-syllabic word indicate water or river in two different languages, it could simply still mean a river, and probably does, considering the context.

## Course

It originates from Lakhamai village, and flows through Ngamju Village. The river then runs through Saikul, Sagolmang area and flows through Lamlai, Top, Naharup, Pangong, and Irilbung before it joins with the Imphal River. The Lilong is at the confluence of Iril River and Imphal River.
It is fed with fresh water from the streams, very clear. The water supplies a plant located in Porompat. It is one of the headstreams of the Manipur River. The Iril River still has a large population of endangered indigenous fish called ngaton, Meitei sareng. These fish are captured by local fisherman in the months of July and August.
# Tymbou

Tymbou (Turkish: Kırklar) is a village in the central Mesaoria plain of Cyprus. Tymbou belongs to the Turkish Armed Forces and is under the control of Northern Cyprus. After 1960, the village was inhabited exclusively by Greek Cypriots; in 1973, they numbered 1,288. The original population fled the village in 1974, following the Turkish Invasion of Cyprus. As of 2011, Tymbou had a population of 384.
Ercan International Airport is located directly north of the village.

## Location

Tymbou is located 17 km (11 mi) to the east of Nicosia, off the old Nicosia – Famagusta road. It lies in the Mesaoria plain, next to Yialias river, at an altitude of 110 m (360 ft). To the south of the village lie the now-uninhabited villages of Margo and Pyrogi, while Louroujina, 15 km (9.3 mi) south of Tymbou, is still inhabited by Turkish Cypriots.

## Nearby airport

Tymbou Airport, the precursor of Ercan International Airport, was constructed by the British in World War II as a military airport, during their colonial rule of the island. It was abandoned after the independence of Cyprus. Following the Turkish invasion, it was expanded and today it is used as the main civilian airport of Northern Cyprus.

## History

The name Tymbou is believed to come from the tombs (Greek τύμβος) located in caves and caverns to the north of the present village near the airport. First written records of the name Tymbou can be found on a document from the Frankish (Lusignian) occupation of the island during the reign of the Frankish king Jacob II (1460-1473 AD). The document granted feudal rights of the area to Pierre Coul.
During the Ottoman period it was a large çiflik (farming area which included the entire village) belonging to wealthy Greek landowner in 1813 named Demetris Pavlides. From 1821 it became the property of a local Turkish administrator Halil Shindar (?). After the end of Turkish rule it returned to Greek hands.
The Greek population of the village grew from 278 in 1881 to 1133 in 1960 and 1288 in 1973.
The village church dedicated to Ayios Yeorgios (Saint George) was built in 1875. However some of the icons in the church date back to the 17th and 18th centuries.
A cave - turned church near the village dedicated to the Forty Martyrs (Σαράνατα Μάρτυρες) was later turned into a mosque named Kirklar, the name used by the occupying power for the village of Tymbou.
# Khristinovka

Khristinovka (Russian: Христиновка) is a rural locality (a selo) in Sapronovsky Selsoviet of Mazanovsky District, Amur Oblast, Russia. The population was 37 as of 2018. There are 2 streets.

## Geography

Khristinovka is located 25 km south of Novokiyevsky Uval (the district's administrative centre) by road. Yubileynoye is the nearest rural locality.
# Dmitry Sipyagin

Dmitry Sergeyevich Sipyagin (Russian: Дми́трий Серге́евич Сипя́гин; 20 March [O.S. 8 March] 1853 – 15 April [O.S. 2 April] 1902) was a Russian politician.

## Political career

Born in Kiev, Sipyagin graduated from the Judicial Department of St Petersburg University in 1876. Served in the MVD as Vice Governor of Kharkov Governorate (1886–1888), Governor of Courland Governorate (1888–1891) and Governor of Moscow Governorate (1891–1893). Deputy of the Minister of State Property (1893); Deputy of the Minister of Interior (1894); Executive Director on the petitions of the Imperial Chancellery (1895–1899); Director of the Ministry of Interior (1899); Minister of Interior (1899).
In 1899, during the Russian Student Strike, the government had given Sipyagin "the power of imposing military service as a punishment for acts of civil disobedience towards the University authorities, and themselves to appoint special committees, or rather Courts nominated ad hoc..." He remained the interior minister from 20 October 1899 to 2 April 1902.
He was assassinated in the Mariinsky Palace by Socialist-Revolutionary Stepan Balmashov. His death was a severe setback to Sergei Witte, the finance minister, who had been supported by Sipyagin but would be challenged by his successor, Vyacheslav von Plehve.

## Honours

Sipyagin received the Order of Saint Vladimir as an Imperial favour for the New Year 1900, shortly after accepting the position as Minister.
# Hesar-e Kuchek

Hesar-e Kuchek (Persian: حصاركوچك, also Romanized as Ḩeşār-e Kūchek, Ḩeşār Kūchek, Ḩeşār-e Kūchak, and Hisār Kuchik; also known as Ḩeşār-e Soflá) is a village in Behnamarab-e Jonubi Rural District, Javadabad District, Varamin County, Tehran Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 90, in 24 families.
# Salvador Carmona

José Salvador Carmona Álvarez (born 22 August 1975) is a Mexican former professional footballer who played as a defender who is currently banned for life from playing professional football affiliated to FIFA for failing two separate anti-doping tests.
During his career, he obtained 84 caps for the Mexico national team since his debut in 1996. He had an important role in the success of the team at two World Cup tournaments: 1998 and 2002.
He was involved in a doping controversy and suspended one year as was teammate Aaron Galindo, in the 2005 FIFA Confederations Cup, therefore prohibiting both players from representing Mexico in the 2006 World Cup. On 16 May 2007, Carmona received a lifetime ban by the Court of Arbitration for Sport for testing positive once again in an antidoping control test taken on 31 January 2006.

## Honours

Toluca
* Mexican Primera División: Verano 1998, Verano 1999, Verano 2000, Apertura 2002
* Campeón de Campeones: 2003
* CONCACAF Champions' Cup: 2003
Mexico
* CONCACAF Gold Cup: 1998, 2003
* FIFA Confederations Cup: 1999
Individual
* Mexican Primera División Best full-back: 1998, 2002, 2003