# List of Armillaria species

Armillaria is a genus of fungi commonly known as honey mushrooms. First treated by Elias Magnus Fries in 1821, and later assigned generic rank by Friedrich Staude in 1857, Armillaria is classified in the family Physalacriaceae of the Agaricales, the gilled mushrooms. The majority of species in Armillaria are saprotrophic and live mainly on dead wood, but some are parasites that can cause root and butt rot in over 600 species of woody plants. Some Armillaria species form mycorrhizae with orchids; others, such as A. gallica, A. mellea, and A. tabescens, are bioluminescent.
Armillaria species form fleshy, white-spored mushrooms with a cottony or membranous veil that typically forms a distinct annulus on the stem. The fruit bodies usually occur in autumn in large clusters at the base of the stem or roots. Armillaria species can produce rhizomorphs—rootlike aggregations of hyphae—that can form massive, long-lasting underground networks. The growth of the rhizomorph networks allows for tree-to-tree spread of the fungus even when direct contact between diseased and healthy plants is not possible.
The genus once served as a wastebasket taxon for many agaric mushrooms with a white spore print, gills attached to the stem, and an annulus. Due largely to differing interpretations on the limits of the genus, over 270 species and varieties have been placed in Armillaria or its synonym Armillariella. A comprehensive 1995 study by Tom Volk and Harold Burdsall evaluated all of the epithets that have been used in Armillaria or Armillariella. They determined that about 40 species belong to Armillaria sensu stricto (in the strict sense); the remaining names belong to species that are distributed among 43 other modern fungal genera.
Many species are difficult or impossible to distinguish from each other using observable characteristics; laboratory incompatibility tests are often used on pure cultures to reliably determine species. Because of the difficulties posed by routine species identification, the use of DNA sequencing and phylogenetic approaches has become a standard method to help clarify relationships between species. Species differ in their geographical distribution and ecological position, host specificity, microscopic and macroscopic features, and also in their aggressiveness in colonizing wood hosts. The following list of Armillaria species is based on the taxonomic overviews provided by Volk and Burdsall in 1995, David Pegler in 2000, and reports of new species that have been published since then.

## Species
### Key to the table of species below

| Image | Photo of the Armillaria species. |
| Name | The binomial name of the Armillaria species. |
| Authority | The author citation—the person who first described the species using an available scientific name, eventually combined with the one who placed it in Armillaria, and using standardized abbreviations. |
| Year | The year in which the species was named, or transferred to the genus Armillaria. Where the actual year of publication (as defined for the purpose of priority) differs from the date given in the material, the latter date is given in quotes. |
| Distribution | The distribution of the species; unless otherwise indicated, this information is obtained from Volk and Burdsall (1995), and Pegler (2000). |
| Name | Authority | Year | Distribution |
| Armillaria affinis | (Singer) T.J.Volk & Burds. | 1995 | CaribbeanCentral America |
| Armillaria altimontana | Brazee, B.Ortiz, Banik & D.L.Lindner. | 2012 | Western North America |
| Armillaria apalosclera | (Berk.) A.Chandra & Watl. | 1982 ("1981") | Asia |
| Armillaria aotearoa | Hood and Ramsfield. | 2016 | New Zealand |
| Armillaria borealis | Marxm. & Korhonen | 1982 | Eurasia |
| Armillaria calvescens | Bérubé & Dessur. | 1989 | Eastern North America |
| Armillaria camerunensis | (Henn.) Courtec. | 1995 | Africa |
| Armillaria cepistipes | Velen. | 1920 | EurasiaNorth America |
| Armillaria duplicata | (Berk.) Sacc. | 1887 | India |
| Armillaria ectypa | (Fr.) Lamoure | 1965 | Europe |
| Armillaria fellea | (Hongo) Kile & Watling | 1983 | Australia |
| Armillaria fumosa | Kile & Watling | 1983 | Australia |
| Armillaria fuscipes | Petch | 1909 | AfricaAsia |
| Armillaria gallica | Marxm. & Romagn. | 1987 | AfricaEuropeJapanNorth America |
| Armillaria gemina | Bérubé & Dessur. | 1989 | Eastern North America |
| Armillaria griseomellea | (Singer) Kile & Watling | 1983 | North and South America |
| Armillaria heimii | Pegler | 1977 | Africa |
| Armillaria hinnulea | Kile & Watling | 1983 | Australasia |
| Armillaria jezoensis | J.Y.Cha & Igarashi | 1994 | Japan |
| Armillaria limonea | (G.Stev.) Boesew. | 1977 | AustralasiaSouth America |
| Armillaria luteobubalina | Watling & Kile | 1978 | AustralasiaSouth America |
| Armillaria mellea | (Vahl) P.Kumm. | 1871 | EurasiaNorth America |
| Armillaria melleorubens | (Berk. & M.A.Curtis) Sacc. | 1887 | North and Central America |
| Armillaria mexicana | Elías-Román et al. | 2018 | Mexico |
| Armillaria montagnei | (Singer) Herink | 1973 | EuropeSouth America |
| Armillaria nabsnona | T.J.Volk & Burds. | 1996 | AsiaWestern North America |
| Armillaria novae-zelandiae | (G.Stev.) Boesew. | 1973 | AustraliaNew GuineaNew ZealandSouth America |
| Armillaria omnituens | (Berk.) Sacc. | 1887 | India |
| Armillaria pallidula | Kile & Watling | 1988 | Australia |
| Armillaria paulensis | Capelari | 2008 | South America |
| Armillaria pelliculata | Beeli | 1927 | Africa |
| Armillaria procera | Speg. | 1889 | South America |
| Armillaria puiggarii | Speg. | 1889 | South America |
| Armillaria sinapina | Bérubé & Dessur. | 1988 | AsiaNorth America |
| Armillaria singula | J.Y.Cha & Igarashi | 1994 | JapanNorth America |
| Armillaria socialis | (DC.) Fayod | 1889 | EurasiaNorth America |
| Armillaria solidipes, popularly known as Armillaria ostoyae | Peck | 1900 | EurasiaNorth America |
| Armillaria sparrei | (Singer) Herink | 1973 | North and South America |
| Armillaria tabescens | (Scop.) Emel | 1921 | EurasiaNorth America |
| Armillaria tigrensis | (Singer) T.J.Volk & Burds. | 1983 | South America |
| Armillaria umbrinobrunnea | (Singer) Pildain & Rajchenb. | 2010 | South America |
| Armillaria viridiflava | (Singer) T.J.Volk & Burds. | 1995 | Europe(?)South America |
| Armillaria yungensis | (Singer) Herink | 1973 | South America |