OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Edward L. Berthoud

Captain Edward Louis Berthoud (1828-1910) was a military officer, statesman and engineer in the western United States during the late 19th century. He is primarily known as the chief engineer and secretary of the Colorado Central Railroad during its expansion throughout Colorado in the 1870s. The town of Berthoud, Colorado, as well as Berthoud Pass in the Rocky Mountains west of Denver, are named for him.

## Biography

Berthoud was born Edouard Louis Berthoud (pronounced "bare-too") in Geneva, Switzerland on March 29, 1828. He came to the United States in 1830 with his parents and spent his childhood along the Mohawk River and in Oneida County in Upstate New York. In the United States, the family Americanized the pronunciation of their name to "ber-thud".
Berthoud graduated with a degree in engineering from Union College in 1849. In the early 1850s he worked as a surveyor on the Panama Canal. In 1855, he was living in Leavenworth in the Kansas Territory where he became interested in the effort to build the first transcontinental railroad. In 1860, during the Colorado Gold Rush, Berthoud and his wife Helen settled in the western part of the territory in the new town of Golden. Helen was a daughter of a founding Golden family, the Ferrells, and an original street of the town was named in her honor. In 1861, the town became part of the Colorado Territory. Berthoud spent much of his career surveying roads and railways throughout the region, and became an active citizen in Golden.
In 1861, in an effort to establish a more direct route from Denver to Salt Lake City, he surveyed the first road to Middle Park and discovered and surveyed the pass that now bears his name (current route of U.S. Highway 40). He also named Vasquez Peak. In 1862, after the outbreak of the American Civil War, he volunteered for the Union Army and received a commission in the 2nd Colorado Volunteer Infantry. That same year he received commendations for his design of fortifications to save Jefferson City, Missouri, during a rebel attack.
He returned to Golden in 1866 and proceeded to run for the Colorado Legislature. He also served as the librarian of the Colorado Territorial Library in Golden from 1867–1868. As a member of the legislature, he helped authorize the foundation of the Colorado School of Mines and served as the college's first registrar, and on its Board of Trustees. Berthoud surveyed the lines of the Colorado Central Railroad, the first railroad to penetrate the Colorado mountains, and he became the longtime proprietor of the Overland Hotel in downtown Golden. Berthoud served as the Colorado State Historian and was Mayor of Golden from 1890–1891.
Berthoud died in Golden in 1910 as a result of injuries sustained in a fall at the Overland, joining his wife who preceded him in the 1880s. The Colorado School of Mines dedicated Berthoud Hall in his honor in 1940.
# Kildorrery

Kildorrery (Irish: Cill Dairbhre, meaning 'church of the oak-forest') is a village in north County Cork, Ireland. It lies at the crossroads of the N73 road from Mallow to Mitchelstown and the R512 from Kilmallock to Fermoy. The village is in a townland and civil parish of the same name. Kildorrery is part of the Cork East Dáil constituency.
The village, which sits on a hilltop plateau, overlooks the surrounding area. To the east are the Galtee Mountains and Knockmealdown Mountains, with Slievenamon in the distance. To the north the Ballyhouras – the Limerick road is flanked by two mountains, Castlegale and Carrigeenamronety Hill (Carraigín na mBróinte). To the south, across the Blackwater Valley, are the Nagle mountains.

## History

Evidence of ancient settlement in the area includes a number of ringfort sites in the townlands of Ballynoe and Scart. A ruined medieval church, within the village, dates to at least the 14th century.
Bowen's Court, a former 18th century country house and home to writer Elizabeth Bowen, was built in nearby Farahy.
The current Roman Catholic church, built c. 1840, is dedicated to Saint Bartholomew.

## Economy and culture

Agriculture, including dairy farming, provides much of the local employment. The village itself has several businesses, including a petrol station, grocery shop, fast food outlet, a bus/coach transportation service, restaurant/cafe, two pubs which present live music, several hair salons and beauticians, a bakery, sign makers/printers, a veterinarian, horticultural businesses, a haulage firm, a funeral parlour and a nursing home.
An annual festival, known as "Hillfest", takes place during the summer and is jointly run by the local community development group and by Kildorrery GAA club.

## Education

Kildorrery National School on Fermoy Road was constructed in the 1970s replacing the two-roomed "Old School", formerly known as Scart National School, which was originally built in 1847. Kildorrery National School was opened in 1977, an amalgamation of Ballinguyroe and Scart National Schools. Kildorrery National School is a co-educational, Catholic primary school. There are ten full time teachers, one part time teacher and four special needs assistants in the school. As of the 2022/2023 school year, there were 195 pupils enrolled. Kildorrery also has a pre-school which operates from the community hall in the church grounds.
# Seaksarn Boonrat

Seaksarn Boonrat (born 1 April 1969) is a Thai sprinter. He competed in the men's 200 metres at the 1992 Summer Olympics.
# Maysk

Maysk (Russian: Майск; Altay: Шоорно, Şoorno) is a rural locality (a selo) in Mayskoye Rural Settlement of Turochaksky District, the Altai Republic, Russia. The population was 118 as of 2016. There are 3 streets.

## Geography

Maysk is located at the confluence of the Kaurchak and Lebed Rivers, 159 km east of Turochak (the district's administrative centre) by road. Kirpichny is the nearest rural locality.
# Cape Farina

Cape Farina (French: Cap Farina) is a headland in Bizerte Governorate, Tunisia. It forms the northwestern end of the Gulf of Tunis. The Tunisian towns of Ghar el-Melh (the ancient Castra Delia), Rafraf, Lahmeri, and the beach of Plage Sidi Ali Mekki Est are located along the peninsula.

## Names

The cape was known to the Phoenicians and Carthaginians as 𐤓𐤀𐤔 𐤀𐤔𐤌𐤍, meaning the Cape of Eshmun, a healing god in the Phoenician pantheon whom the Greeks and Romans variously interpreted as Asclepius or Apollo. From this, the cape's name was interpreted by Greco-Roman authors as Rusucmona and was known under Roman rule as the Cape of Apollo (Latin: Apollinis Promontorium) or of the Beautiful One (Pulchri Promontorium).
Its modern Arabic names are Ras et-Tarf or Ras Sidi Ali el-Mekki.

## Geography

The extremity of Cape Farina forms the northwestern end of the Gulf of Tunis. The geological formation responsible for Cape Farina continues underwater before rising to form Plane Island 3.75 kilometers (2.3 mi) offshore.

## History

Under Roman rule, the peninsula preserved an ancient and important temple to "Apollo", probably representing a continuation of the Carthaginian worship of the healing god Eshmun. The settlement at Castra Delia (modern-day Ghar el-Melh), the largest on the peninsula, was also sometimes known by the peninsula's latinized Punic name as "Rusucmona".
Under Turkish rule, Porto Farina (modern-day Ghar el-Melh) was a well-fortified base for piracy. This caused it to be the scene of the 1655 English assault wherein naval bombardment completely overwhelmed shore defenses for the first time.

## Gallery

* A French topographical map of the Gulf of Tunis
* A French nautical chart of the Cape Farina anchorage in 1939
* An aerial view of Cape Farina from the west
* An aerial view of Cape Farina from the southwest
# Roman Catholic Diocese of Concepción, Argentina

The Roman Catholic Diocese of Concepción (Latin: Dioecesis Sanctissimae Concepionis in Argentina) is in Argentina and is a suffragan of the Archdiocese of Tucumán.

## History

On 12 August 1963 Saint John XXIII founded the Diocese of Concepción from territory taken from the Archdiocese of Tucumán.

## Bishops
### Ordinaries

* Juan Carlos Ferro (1963–1980)
* Jorge Arturo Meinvielle, S.D.B. (1980–1991), appointed Bishop of San Justo
* Bernardo Enrique Witte, O.M.I. (1992–2001)
* Armando José María Rossi, O.P. (2001–2020)
* José Melitón Chávez (2020–2021)
* José Antonio Díaz (2021–present)

### Coadjutor bishops

* Armando José María Rossi, O.P. (2000–2001)
* José Melitón Chávez (2019–2020)
# James H. Burbank

Sergeant James H. Burbank (January 5, 1838 – February 15, 1911) was a Dutch soldier who fought in the American Civil War. Burbank received the United States' highest award for bravery during combat, the Medal of Honor, for his action at Blackwater, near Franklin, Virginia on 3 October 1862. He was honored with the award on 27 July 1896.

## Biography

Burbank was born as Reinder Jilderts in Stavoren, Friesland in the Netherlands on 5 January 1838 and migrated to the United States. He enlisted into the 1st Rhode Island Volunteers on 16 April 1861 at Providence, Rhode Island. He was promoted to second sergeant and later served as a non-commissioned first sergeant. Burbank served an 11-month stint with the navy, on detached service. It was during this service that he performed the act of gallantry that earned him the medal of honor. In October 1862 he was aboard the Commodore Perry at Black Water, near Franklin, Virginia. He served with outstanding bravery despite heavy fire and despite thirteen shots piercing his coat.
Following the war Burbank married Mary A. Burns, who had emigrated from Glasgow, Scotland, and they resided in Rhode Island. He subsequently moved to Missouri and then Kansas. Their marriage produced seven children.

## Medal of Honor citation

   Gallantry in action while on detached service on board the gunboat Barney.
# E. Michael Burk

Private E. Michael Burk (1847 – February 3, 1878) was an Irish soldier who fought in the American Civil War. Burk received the United States' highest award for bravery during combat, the Medal of Honor, for his action during the Battle of Spotsylvania Court House in Virginia on 12 May 1864. He was honored with the award on 1 December 1864.

## Biography

Burk was born in Ireland in 1847. He joined the 125th New York Infantry in August 1862, claiming to be 18 years old. He was captured following the Battle of Harpers Ferry, but was paroled the next day. After his Medal of Honor action, he remained in the hospital until his regiment was mustered out. Burk died on 3 February 1878 and his remains are interred at the St. Mary's Cemetery.

## Medal of Honor citation

   Capture of flag, seizing it as his regiment advanced over the enemy's works. He received a bullet wound in the chest while capturing flag.
# Aktal

Aktal (Russian: Актал; Altay: Ак-Тал, Ak-Tal) is a rural locality (a selo) in Kazakhskoye Rural Settlement of Kosh-Agachsky District, the Altai Republic, Russia. The population was 3 as of 2016.

## Geography

Aktal is located 20 km southeast of Kosh-Agach (the district's administrative centre) by road. Kokorya is the nearest rural locality.
# Lucinasco

Lucinasco (Ligurian: Lücinascu) is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Imperia in the Italian region Liguria, located about 90 kilometres (56 mi) southwest of Genoa and about 11 kilometres (7 mi) northwest of Imperia. As of 31 December 2004, it had a population of 268 and an area of 8.2 square kilometres (3.2 sq mi).
The municipality of Lucinasco contains the frazione (subdivision) Borgoratto.
Lucinasco borders the following municipalities: Borgomaro, Chiusanico, Chiusavecchia, Pontedassio, and Vasia.
# Gazeta Sot

Gazeta SOT is a daily newspaper published in Albania.
Reporters Without Borders describes Gazeta Sot as a daily newspaper established in 2002.
# Gibborim (biblical)

Gibborim (Hebrew: גִּבֹּרִ֛ים, romanized: gībbōrīm, singular גִּבֹּר gībbor) is a Hebrew word that can be glossed "mightiest" and is an intensive form of the word for "man" (גֶּבֶר geḇer). In the Hebrew Bible, it is used to describe people who are valiant, mighty, or of great stature. There is some confusion about the gibborim as a class of beings because of its use in the Genesis flood narrative in Genesis 6:4, which describes the Nephilim as mighty (gibborim).
The word gibborim is used in the Tanakh over 150 times and applied to men as well as lions (Proverbs 30:30), hunters (Genesis 10:9), soldiers (Jeremiah 51:30) and leaders (Daniel 11:3). The word is also applied to David's Mighty Warriors, a group of 37 men who fought with King David in 2 Samuel 23:8–38.
In Modern Hebrew, the word gibbor (גִּבּוֹר) equates with the English word "hero" as a noun or brave as an adjective.

## Modern Hebrew

In contemporary usage, gibborim is often used to describe heroes or champions. It is a term used to describe individuals who exhibit exceptional strength, courage, and prowess. The word is often associated with sports, where it is used to describe athletes who exhibit exceptional skill and ability.
# Guillermo Cotugno

Guillermo Gastón Cotugno Lima (born 12 March 1995) is an Uruguayan professional footballer who plays as a right-back for Racing de Montevideo.

## Career

In February 2015, Cotugno moved to Russian Premier League side FC Rubin Kazan on loan until the end of the 2014–15 season. Cotugno made his Russian Premier League debut for Rubin Kazan on 9 March 2015 against FC Arsenal Tula. On 19 July 2017, he was released from his Rubin contract by mutual consent.
On 1 August 2017, Cotugno signed a two-year contract with Real Oviedo. The following 20 July, he returned to his home country after agreeing to a deal with Nacional.

## Honours
### Danubio

* Uruguayan Primera División: 2013–14
# Kermadec spiny dogfish

The Kermadec spiny dogfish (Squalus raoulensis) is a dogfish described in 2007. It is a member of the family Squalidae, found off the Kermadec Islands. The length of the longest specimen measured is 68.1 cm (26.8 in).
In June 2018 the New Zealand Department of Conservation classified the Kermadec spiny dogfish as "Data Deficient" under the New Zealand Threat Classification System.
# Milices Patriotiques

The Patriotic Militia (French: Milices patriotiques, Dutch: Patriotische Militie) was a communist group in the Belgian resistance during the Second World War, affiliated to the Communist Party of Belgium. The Milices were intended to be a mass movement, working alongside the much smaller Partisans Armés (PA) group.

## History

22,006 people are recognized to have been part of the Milices during the war.
# Saint Nikolai Cathedral, Yerevan

Saint Nikolai Cathedral (Russian: Николаевский собор, Armenian: Սուրբ Նիկոլայ Մայր եկեղեցի (Surb Nikolay Mayr yekeghets'i)) was a Russian Orthodox cathedral in Yerevan, Armenia. It was destroyed by Soviet forces in 1931. It was located at the site of what is now Shahumyan Square in Yerevan's Kentron District.

## History

The Russian Orthodox Cathedral of St. Nikolai was located in the middle of the north-eastern side of the Cathedral Square (now Shaumyan Square) area. According to O. Khalpahkhyan, this Russian military cathedral at the central square of Yerevan, was built in the second half of the 19th century. The cathedral was built by local red and black tufa in the architectural forms that prevailed at that time in Russia.
The cathedral was destroyed in 1931, and later Shahumyan Square was built in its place.

## Gallery

* The cathedral with surrounding area in the Fortress St.
* The façade
* The altar
* Armenian soldiers marching next to the church in 1919
# Harharu

Harharu (Akkadian: 𒄯𒄩𒊒, romanized: Ḫar-ḫa-ru) was according to the Assyrian King List (AKL) the fifth Assyrian monarch, ruling in Assyria's early period, though he is not attested in any known contemporary artefacts. He was listed among the “seventeen kings who lived in tents” within the Mesopotamian Chronicles. Harharu is preceded in the lists by Suhlamu, and succeeded by Mandaru.
# Dathina

Dathina (Arabic: دثينة Dathīnah), the Dathina Sheikhdom (Arabic: مشيخة دثينة Mashyakhat Dathīnah), or sometimes the Dathina Confederation, was a state in the British Aden Protectorate, the Federation of Arab Emirates of the South, and its successor, the Federation of South Arabia. Its capital was Mudiyah.

## History

The state was abolished on 14 August 1967 upon the founding of the People's Republic of Yemen. In 1990 it became part of the Republic of Yemen.

### Rulers

Dathina was ruled for one-year terms by Chairmen of the Council of State who bore the title Na'ib, Ra'is Majlis al-Dawla.
* 1965 - 6? Apr 1966? al-Husayn ibn Mansur al-Jabiri
* 1966 - 14 Aug 1967 `Abd al-Qadir ibn Shaya
# Mary River (Nunavut)

Mary River is located on Baffin Island in the Qikiqtaaluk Region of Nunavut, about 936 km (582 mi) northwest of the capital, Iqaluit, and about 176 km (109 mi) southwest of Pond Inlet Inuktitut: Mittimatalik, lit. 'the place where the landing place is' The Inuit, name for the Mary River mountain is Nuluyait, meaning buttocks. There is a 4,000 year history in the area. For hundreds of years the semi-nomadic Inuit from the region that includes the hamlets of Pond Inlet and Igloolik, met at Mary River during the summer hunting caribou. By 2011, the population of the region was about 5,400 people, many of whom continued the traditional hunting and fishing lifestyle living off the land.
A Canadian prospector found rich iron ore deposits in 1962 but it was only in the 2010s that a mining project was developed. In March 2011, a private equity fund in the United States and Luxembourg-based ArcelorMittal SA, the largest steel maker in the world, jointly purchased the small Toronto-based public Canadian company, Baffinland Iron Mines Corporation, that had owned the Mary River lease since the 1980s. The Mary River open pit iron ore mine became operational in 2015.

## Traditional Inuit lands

There is a 4,000 year history in the area. For hundreds of years the semi-nomadic Inuit met at Mary River during the summer hunting caribou. By 2011, there were about 5,400 people living within a 400 kilometres radius, many of whom continue to live off the land, hunting caribou herds. Wildlife in the region includes polar bears, foxes, ermines, lemmings, and hares, as well as caribou herds, and in the coastal waters—walrus, seals, beluga, whales, and narwhals.

## Mary River Mine

In 1962 Murray Edmund Watts and Ron Sheardown found a rich iron ore deposit. When Watts died a small Toronto-based company, Baffinland Iron Mines Corporation, became the new owners. In 2008 railway enthusiasts anticipated the construction of a railway in the far north to the proposed mine at Mary River.
In March 2011, a private equity fund in the United States and Luxembourg-based ArcelorMittal SA, the largest steel maker in the world, jointly purchased the small Toronto-based public Canadian company, Baffinland Iron Mines Corporation, that had owned the Mary River lease since the 1980s. The Mary River open pit iron ore mine became operational in 2015.
There is a small airstrip, Mary River Aerodrome, located near the river.
* Mary River Aerodrome
* Mary River mine site
* Mary River mine site
* Mary River mine site
* Road to Mary River
* Fresh water lake at Mary River
* Mary River camp
# Kushta

In Mandaeism, kushta or kušṭa (Classical Mandaic: ࡊࡅࡔࡈࡀ, lit. 'truth') can have several meanings. Its original literal meaning is "truth" in the Mandaic language, and is thus typically used to refer to the Mandaean religious concept of truth. The same word is also used to refer to a sacred handclasp that is used during Mandaean rituals such as the masbuta, masiqta, and priestly initiation ceremonies.

## In the World of Light

Mandaeans believe that in the World of Light, the Mšunia Kušṭa, or the world of ideal counterparts, exists, where everything has a corresponding spiritual pair (dmuta). Alternatively, kušṭa can be used as a synonym for Hayyi Rabbi, or God in Mandaeism.
In the 69th chapter of the Mandaean Book of John, Manda d-Hayyi addresses Etinṣib Ziwa (Splendid Transplant), son of Yushamin, as "Truth, beloved by all excellencies." E. S. Drower interprets a reference in the Haran Gawaita to being looked upon by and rising with Transplant upon death as a reference to Ṣauriel, the Angel of Death. Book 1, chapter 1 of the Left Ginza likewise observes that Ṣauriel is called "Death" in this world, but "Truth" (Kushta) by those who know about him.
Carl H. Kraeling interprets the concept of Kushta as having developed from an entity in the pleroma representing truth as the directive force of Hayyi's actions, alongside Manda d-Hayyi as his hypostatic reason.

## In rituals

The kušṭa handclasp is exchanged dozens of times between the novice and initiator during priest initiation ceremonies. It is also exchanged during rituals that need to be performed by priests, such as masbuta and masiqta rituals. A two-volume study (Kushṭā: a monograph on a principal word in Mandaean texts) has been published by Waldemar Sundberg (1953, 1994).
# Darren Blewitt

Darren Blewitt (born 3 September 1985) is an English former footballer who played in the Football League for Southend United as a defender.

## Career

As a youngster, Blewitt was associated with Norwich City, but joined West Ham United while still at school and came through their academy system. He played regularly for and captained the reserves, and was an unused substitute for the first team. In February 2005 Blewitt joined Football League Two club Southend United on loan to gain experience of first-team football. However, his debut in the Football League was also the only appearance he made in Southend's first team, as an 89th-minute substitute in a 3–0 win away to Cheltenham Town. Blewitt spent the first half of the 2005–06 season on loan at Conference club Hereford United where he made eleven appearances, and had a trial with Oxford United in February 2006. West Ham released Blewitt at the end of that season.
After a trial with Dagenham & Redbridge, Blewitt joined Billericay Town, where he spent two seasons before being released and joining Heybridge Swifts. His stay was brief: he left following a change of management, made one appearance for Enfield Town, then, in September 2008, joined Brentwood Town, where he won both Manager's and Players' Player of the Year awards for the 2008–09 season. After Brentwood dismissed manager Carl Griffiths at the start of the 2009–10 season, Blewitt moved to Aveley. He then re-signed for Brentwood in November 2009.
On 28 March 2016, Blewitt played in former West Ham United teammate Mark Noble's testimonial at the Boleyn Ground.