OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# North Carolina pound

The pound (symbol: £) was the currency of North Carolina until 1793. Initially, sterling coin circulated, supplemented from 1709 by the introduction of colonial currency denominated in pounds, shillings and pence in 1712. The North Carolina currency was worth less than sterling, with a rating of 1 North Carolina shilling = 9 pence sterling (or 1 North Carolina pound to 15 shillings sterling). The first issue of paper money was known as "Old Tenor" money. In 1748, "New Tenor" paper money was introduced, worth 7+1⁄2 times the Old Tenor notes.
The State of North Carolina issued continental currency denominated in £sd and Spanish dollars at the York rating of 1 dollar = 8 shillings. The continental currency was replaced by the U.S. dollar at a rate of 1000 continental dollars = 1 U.S. dollar.
# Roman Catholic Diocese of Bettiah

The Roman Catholic Diocese of Bettiah (Latin: Bettiahen(sis)) is a diocese located in the city of Bettiah in the ecclesiastical province of Patna in India.
Some of the communicants within this diocese are Bettiah Christians, one of the oldest ethnoreligious Christian communities in the northern Indian subcontinent. Newaris of the Catholic Christian faith who settled in Chuhari in the 1700s after being expelled from Nepal, are part of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Bettiah as well; they are known as Newar Christians. Other Catholic Christian communities who are served by the Roman Catholic Diocese of Betetiah include those of scheduled castes and tribal people.

## History

* 1892: Established as the Apostolic Prefecture of Bettiah from the Diocese of Allahabad
* 1917: Suppressed to the Apostolic Vicariate of Patna
* June 27, 1998: Restored as Diocese of Bettiah from the Diocese of Muzaffarpur

## Leadership

* Bishops of Bettiah (Latin Rite)
** Fr. Peter Sebastian Goveas, Vicar General of Bhagalpur Diocese, is elected new Bishop of the Catholic Diocese of Bettiah on 22 July 2017
** Bishop Victor Henry Thakur (June 27, 1998 – July 3, 2013); elevated to Archbishop of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Raipur, in Raipur, India, by Pope Francis
* Prefects Apostolic of Bettiah (Latin Rite)
** Fr. Eugenio Remigio Schwarz, O.F.M. Cap. (1892 – 1918)
# Herbst Nunatak

Herbst Nunatak (Bulgarian: нунатак Хербст, ‘Nunatak Herbst’ \'nu-na-tak 'herbst\) is the partly ice-free ridge extending 1.1 km in southeast-northwest direction and 300 m wide, with a central height rising to 846 m and a southern one of 869 m on the southeast side of Sofia University Mountains in northern Alexander Island, Antarctica. It surmounts Poste Valley to the northwest and Nichols Snowfield to the southeast. The vicinity was visited on 2 February 1988 by the geological survey team of Christo Pimpirev and Borislav Kamenov (First Bulgarian Antarctic Expedition), and Philip Nell and Peter Marquis (British Antarctic Survey).
The feature is named after the Bulgarian journalist Yosif Herbst (1875-1925).

## Location

Herbst Nunatak is located at 69°27′50″S 71°12′10″W﻿ / ﻿69.46389°S 71.20278°W﻿ / -69.46389; -71.20278, which is 5.51 km east-northeast of Thompson Hill, 9.78 km southeast of Mount Braun, 4.32 km south-southwest of the central height of Landers Peaks and 6.12 km northwest of Lizard Nunatak. British mapping in 1971.

## Maps

* British Antarctic Territory. Scale 1:200000 topographic map. DOS 610 – W 69 70. Tolworth, UK, 1971
* Antarctic Digital Database (ADD). Scale 1:250000 topographic map of Antarctica. Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research (SCAR). Since 1993, regularly upgraded and updated
# Turn in one's grave

Turn in one's grave is an idiom to describe an extreme level of shock or an intense level of surprise and is expressed as the vicarious sentiment of a deceased person. This hyperbolic figure of speech is used to describe the upset, disgust, horror or anger of a deceased person if they were alive to hear of a certain news story, action or idea—especially a negative one. It is also said of the deceased founder(s) of governments or private institutions if their extant leadership goes against the founder(s)' principles or pursue(s) programs that the founder(s) would not have executed or envisioned. The phrase dates from the nineteenth century.

## Etymology

Literal use of the expression appeared in the Jewish rabbinic tradition in reference to Judah, the older brother of Joseph who accepted responsibility for Joseph's captivity in Egypt. As the Israelites wandered in the desert for their doubts, the tradition holds, the bones of Judah rolled around (Hebrew: מְגוּלְגָּלִין) in their coffin for his shame, until Moses prayed for mercy.
The earliest known example in English is a 4 November 1801 House of Commons speech by a Mr. Windham warning Britain against giving too much power to France during the preliminaries to peace following the revolutionary wars: "Thus have we done a thing altogether unknown in the history of this country ; a thing which would have scared all former politicians ; a thing, which, if our old Whig politicians were now to hear, they would turn in their graves."
One of the earliest uses is found in William Thackeray's 1849 work The History of Pendennis, where Mrs. Wapshot, upset by a man's advances on the widow of Mr. Pendennis whom the widow had "never liked," says it's "enough to make poor Mr. Pendennis turn in his grave." Another early use of the phrase is in historian James Bryce's 1888 work The American Commonwealth in which he said: "Jefferson might turn in his grave if he knew."
It has also been said that circa 1906, when George Bernard Shaw was invited to Henry Irving's funeral, he said "If I were at Westminster, Henry Irving would turn in his grave, just as Shakespeare would turn in his grave were Henry Irving at Stratford," implying that Irving's productions of Shakespeare would have made the actor as offensive to Shakespeare as Shaw had made himself offensive to Irving with the numerous critical reviews he had written of Irving's work. In 1902, the work Current Literature stated that "William Morris might well turn in his grave if he could see the uses to which his fine dreams of beautiful books have been put."
Where the sorry state of people's spelling/punctuation/literary skills come under criticism, the act is generally said to make "Shakespeare turn in his grave," as he is associated with high literary standards. One example of this is when a national newspaper opined that writing the word "cough" with an "F" would cause such a thing to occur.
# Shapley–Sawyer Concentration Class

The Shapley–Sawyer Concentration Class is a classification system on a scale of one to twelve using Roman numerals for globular clusters according to their concentration. The most highly concentrated clusters such as M75 are classified as Class I, with successively diminishing concentrations ranging to Class XII, such as Palomar 12. (The class is sometimes given with numbers [Class 1–12] rather than with Roman numerals.)
From 1927–1929, Harlow Shapley and Helen Sawyer Hogg began categorizing clusters according to the degree of concentration the system has toward the core using this scale. This became known as the Shapley–Sawyer Concentration Class.

## Classes

| Class | Description | Example |
| I | High concentration toward the center | Messier 75 |
| II | Dense central concentration | Messier 2 |
| III | Strong inner core of stars | Messier 54 |
| IV | Intermediate rich concentrations | Messier 15 |
| V | Intermediate concentrations | Messier 30 |
| VI | Intermediate mild concentration | Messier 3 |
| VII | Intermediate loose concentration | Messier 22 |
| VIII | Rather loosely concentrated towards the center | Messier 14 |
| IX | Loose towards the center | Messier 12 |
| X | Loose | Messier 68 |
| XI | Very loose towards the center | Messier 55 |
| XII | Almost no concentration towards the center | Palomar 12 |
# İzmir Parachute Tower

İzmir Parachute Tower (Turkish: İzmir Paraşüt Kulesi) is a parachute tower located within Kültürpark in İzmir, Turkey. It was built in 1937 by the Turkish Aeronautical Association. It is one of the two parachute towers in the country.

## History

Mayor Behçet Uz, who saw the parachute tower in Gorky Park in Moscow, suggested that a similar tower be built in Kültürpark to the Turkish Aeronautical Association. The Turkish Aeronautical Association sent a delegation to Russia to investigate and decided to build a parachute tower in Ankara in addition to İzmir. The construction of the tower, whose architectural project was prepared by Bedri Tümay and Algrandi, started in 1935 within Kültürpark. The tower, which cost 38,758.61 Turkish liras, was completed in 1937 and opened on 9 September in the same year during the 7th İzmir International Fair. The tower operates for a fee during the fair period.

## Architecture

Seventy-five oak piles were nailed to the floor of the İzmir Parachute Tower, which was built using reinforced concrete. The tower, which has three terraces, is 4.5 metres (15 ft) above sea level and 48 metres (157 ft) above ground level. There is an elevator in the middle of the tower and a spiral staircase around this elevator.
# On Civility in Children

On Civility in Children (Latin: De civilitate morum puerilium) is a handbook written by Erasmus of Rotterdam, and is considered to be the first treatise in Western Europe on the moral and practical education of children. First published in 1530 it was addressed to the eleven-year-old Henry of Burgundy, son of Adolph, Prince of Veere, and gives instructions, in simple Latin, on how a boy should conduct himself in the company of adults. The book achieved immediate success and was translated into many languages. The first English version, by Robert Whittinton (or Whittington) was published in 1532, under the title of A Little Book of Good Manners for Children. Another translation by Thomas Paynell was issued in 1560.
The book is divided into seventeen sections, each dealing with an aspect of behaviour.
Norbert Elias refers to this book in his most influential work, The Civilizing Process, claiming that Erasmus' specific use of the French term "civilité" reshaped its meaning, laying the groundwork for the later emergence of the influence of the word civilization for the French and British states.
# Tarsus Half Marathon

The Tarsus Half Marathon (Turkish: Tarsus Yarı Maratonu) is an annual road running event over the half marathon distance, which is held in March in Tarsus in Mersin Province Turkey.
The 2012 edition attracted 1,200 competitors from 16 countries. The elite level competition attracts top level international runners as well as national level runners. The event also features a shorter 5-kilometre race for fun runners.
The route celebrates the historic roads of Tarsus, which were built and used by the Romans around 500-600 A.D.

## Past winners

Key:  Course record
| Edition | Year | Men's winner | Time (h:m:s) | Women's winner | Time (h:m:s) |
| 1st | 2004 | John Kipyator (KEN) | 1:06:57 | Yelena Burykina (RUS) | 1:15:18 |
| 2nd | 2005 | Iaroslav Mușinschi (MDA) | 1:04:30 | Adanech Adane (ETH) | 1:12:35 |
| 3rd | 2006 | Patrick Musyoki (KEN) | 1:02:42 | Letay Negash (ETH) | 1:12:03 |
| 4th | 2007 | Wilson Kiprotich (KEN) | 1:02:05 | Luminița Talpoș (ROM) | 1:12:29 |
| 5th | 2008 | Wilson Kiprotich (KEN) | 1:02:50 | Damla Yenigelen (TUR) | 1:23:13 |
| No | 2009 | Sentayehu Merga (ETH) | 1:04:27 | Atsede Baysa (ETH) | 1:11:37 |
| 6th | 2010 | Mehmet Çağlayan (TUR) | 1:03:05 | Layes Abdullayeva (AZE) | 1:13:08 |
| 7th | 2011 | Sentayehu Merga (ETH) | 1:04:27 | Atsede Baysa (ETH) | 1:11:37 |
| 8th | 2012 | Gebretsadik Abraha (ETH) | 1:02:19 | Atsede Baysa (ETH) | 1:09:39 |
| 9th | 2013 | Moses Too (KEN) | 1:03:56 | Ümmü Kiraz (TUR) | 1:12:56 |
| 10th | 2014 | Bernard Cheruiyot (KEN) | 1:03:20 | Zinash Hayile (ETH) | 1:12:26 |
| 11th | 2015 | Evans Kiplagat (KEN) | 1:02:15 | Purity Changwony (KEN) | 1:11:35 |
| — | 2016 | cancelled due to security concerns | cancelled due to security concerns | cancelled due to security concerns | cancelled due to security concerns |
| — | 2017 | Not held | Not held | Not held | Not held |
# Runa Konomi

Runa Konomi (木稲 瑠那, Konomi Runa, born 6 August 2000) is a Japanese professional footballer who plays as a goalkeeper for WE League club Sanfrecce Hiroshima Regina.

## Club career

Konomi made her WE League debut on 12 September 2021.
# Ogorzelice

Ogorzelice is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Stara Biała, within Płock County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland.
# Special Council of the NKVD

Within the administration of the Soviet Union, the Special Council of the USSR NKVD (Russian: Особое совещание при НКВД СССР (ОСО), romanized: Osoboe soveshchanie pri NKVD SSSR, (OSO)) was created by the same decree of Sovnarkom of July 10, 1934 that introduced the NKVD itself. The decree endowed the Special Council with the right to apply punishments "by administrative means", i.e., without trial. In other words, the term "by administrative means" actually refers to extrajudicial punishment.
The following types of punishment were put at the disposal of the Special Council by this decree: banishment (высылка) (from the place of residence), exile (ссылка) (to remote regions), sentencing to corrective labor camp (исправительно-трудовой лагерь) for up to five years, and deportation (высылка) from the USSR.
In 1937, during the Great Purge, the Special Council was allowed to sentence to imprisonment for up to eight years. The abolition of many NKVD troikas in November 1938 saw the Special Council take over some of their functions. In November 1941, after the beginning of the war against Germany, the Special Council was allowed to sentence to imprisonment for up to 25 years or to death. After the 1945 end of the war the Special Council lost the right to pass death-sentences; the maximum available punishment was 25 years of imprisonment.
When the NKVD was renamed in 1946, the Special Council remained within the corresponding organization, e.g., as Special Council of the MGB, etc.
After the death of Joseph Stalin in March 1953, the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union abolished the Special Council in September 1953.
# Sagittal keel

In the human skull, a sagittal keel, or sagittal torus, is a thickening of part or all of the midline of the frontal bone, or parietal bones where they meet along the sagittal suture, or on both bones. Sagittal keels differ from sagittal crests, which are found in some earlier hominins (notably the genus Paranthropus) and in a range of other mammals. While a proper crest functions in anchoring the muscles of mastication to the cranium, the keel is lower and rounded in cross-section, and the jaw muscles do not attach to it.
Sagittal keels occur in several early human species, most noticeably in Homo erectus, occasionally in Homo heidelbergensis and in some Upper Paleolithic Homo sapiens specimens. Most modern Homo sapiens groups have lost them, likely as part of the general trend toward thinning of the cranial bones to make room for larger brains during the Pleistocene. However, there is a small portion of modern humans who have the feature, but its function and etiology are unknown. Actor Patrick Stewart and the martial artist Shi Yan Ming present good examples of modern humans (Homo sapiens sapiens) with this feature. The keel appears to be tied to general cranial robustness and is more common in adult men than women and absent in children.
# Shabestar

Shabestar (Persian: شبستر) is a city in the Central District of Shabestar County, East Azerbaijan province, Iran, serving as capital of both the county and the district.
Shabstar, with an altitude of 1,400 meters, is located in the southern foothills of Mishudagh, 575 km northwest of Tehran and 54 km northwest of Tabriz, on the road from Tabriz to Khuy, Selmas, Urumiye, Ushnawiye and Piranshahr. The railway line from Tabriz to Türkiye passes by this city.

## Demographics
### Ethnicity

The population is Azerbaijanis.

### Population

At the time of the 2006 National Census, the city's population was 13,857 in 3,989 households. The following census in 2011 counted 15,663 people in 4,824 households. The 2016 census measured the population of the city as 22,181 people in 7,004 households.
Shabestar is located in proximity to Tabriz, the provincial capital, on the main Iranian-International railway line which connects Tehran and Tabriz to Turkey and Europe. During the Safavid period. Shabestar's economy and development has received a major boost due to the 'Azad' university built there.

## Historical monuments

* Mosque of Tasouj
* Mojoumbar Church
* Sohrol Church
* Mosque Sheykh Esmayil Shabestari
* Great Jameh Mosque
* Khalil Shrine and Rudqat Bridge are the historic and ancient monuments of Shabestar.
# Jason Martin (artist)

Jason Martin (born 2 September 1970) is a contemporary painter who lives in London and Portugal. He has a BA from Goldsmiths, University of London (1993). His paintings are often monochromatic or three-dimensional. A contemporary of Damien Hirst and Ian Davenport, he has works in the major collections including the Saatchi Gallery and of art dealer Thaddaeus Ropac.
# Papa, maman, ma femme et moi

Papa, maman, ma femme et moi French: Papa, Mama, My Woman and Me, is a French comedy film from 1955, directed by Jean-Paul Le Chanois, written by Marcel Aymé, starring Robert Lamoureux and Louis de Funès. The film is known under the titles: Papa, Mama, My Wife and Me (UK), Papa, Mama, My Woman and Me (International English title), Papà, mammà, mia moglie ed io (Italy), and Papa, Mama, meine Frau und ich (West Germany).

## Cast

* Robert Lamoureux as Robert Langlois, son, lawyer
* Gaby Morlay as Gabrielle Langlois, mother
* Fernand Ledoux as Fernand Langlois, father
* Nicole Courcel as Catherine Langlois, wife of Robert
* Elina Labourdette as Marguerite, the florist
* Jean Tissier as Mr. Petitot, former lawyer, property adviser
* Robert Rollis as Léon "Alibi", Robert's friend
* Louis de Funès as Mr. Calomel, neighbour of the Langlois family
* Renée Passeur as the lady visiting the apartment
* Luc Andrieux as the removal man
* Mylène Demongeot as The woman at the door
# Saraiu

Saraiu is a commune in Constanța County, Northern Dobruja, Romania.
The commune includes three villages:
* Saraiu (historical name: Turkish: Saray)
* Dulgheru (Turkish: Dülger)
* Stejaru (historical name: Carapelit, Turkish: Karapelit)
The territory of the commune also includes the former village of Albina (historical name: Balgiu), located at 44°43′36″N 28°12′00″E﻿ / ﻿44.72667°N 28.20000°E﻿ / 44.72667; 28.20000, disestablished by Presidential Decree in 1977.

## Demographics

At the 2011 census, Saraiu had 1,231 Romanians (99.84%), 2 others (0.16%).
# Roman Catholic Diocese of Rajshahi

The Roman Catholic Diocese of Rajshahi (Latin: Dioecesis Raishahiensis) is a diocese located in the city of Rajshahi in the ecclesiastical province of Dhaka in Bangladesh.

## History

* May 21, 1990: Established as the Diocese of Rajshahi from the Diocese of Dinajpur

## Leadership

* Bishops of Rajshahi (Roman rite)
** Bishop Patrick D’Rozario, C.S.C. (May 21, 1990 – February 3, 1995), appointed Bishop of Chittagong; future Archbishop and Cardinal
** Bishop Paulinus Costa (January 11, 1996 – July 9, 2005), appointed Archbishop of Dhaka
** Bishop Gervas Rozario (January 15, 2007 – present)

## Information

* High School = 3
St. Louis High School, Jonail, Natore, Bangladesh. St. Joseph High School and College, Bonpara, Natore, Bangladesh. St. Rita's High School, Chatmohor, Pabna, Bangladesh.
* Primary School = 17
* Parish = 19
* Seminary = 1
* Health Center = 13

## Prominent Persons

* Denis C Baskey, Director, Caritas Rajshahi Region
* William Atul Kuluntunu, Joint Sectary (OSD), Ministry of Entailment
# Okrąglik, Masovian Voivodeship

Okrąglik is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Białobrzegi, within Białobrzegi County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately 7 kilometres (4 mi) east of Białobrzegi and 65 km (40 mi) south of Warsaw.
# Kinsterna

Kinsterna (Greek: Κινστέρνα) or Gisterna was a Slavic-inhabited district in the southern Peloponnese during the Late Middle Ages.
The Kinsterna is described as a fertile and rich plain northwest of the Mani Peninsula, and inhabited by Slavs, most likely the Melingoi tribe. The district was ceded by the Principality of Achaea to the Byzantine province around Mystras in 1263, but it remained largely autonomous. Thus in 1295, some of the local tribesmen captured Kalamata on their own initiative, and both the local Byzantine governor and Emperor Andronikos II Palaiologos declared themselves unable to force them to restore it to the Principality, while in the next year, the Prince of Achaea was able to recruit 200 men and a ship from among its inhabitants to fend off Byzantine attacks in Skorta.
The castles of Grand Magne and Leuktron or Beaufort were erected by the Princes of Achaea to keep the raids of the Slavs of Kinsterna at bay.
# Magic Mirror (film)

Magic Mirror (Portuguese: Espelho Mágico) is a 2005 Portuguese film directed by Manoel de Oliveira. It was shown in competition at the 2005 Venice Film Festival. It is based on a novel by Agustina Bessa-Luís. The film was conceived as the second part of a trilogy that begun with the 2002 film The Uncertainty Principle.

## Cast

* Leonor Silveira as Alfreda
* Ricardo Trêpa as José Luciano / Touro Azul
* Luís Miguel Cintra as Filipe Quinta
* Leonor Baldaque as Vicenta / Abril
* Glória de Matos as Nurse Hilda
* Isabel Ruth as Celsa Adelaide
* Adelaide Teixeira as Queta
* Diogo Dória as Police Commissioner
* José Wallenstein as Américo
* Maestro Atalaya as Prof. Oboé
* P. João Marques as Priest Feliciano (as Padre João Marques)
* Marisa Paredes as Monja
* Michel Piccoli as Prof. Heschel

## Production

The film was released when Oliveira was 96 year old.