OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# 1957 Rwandan parliamentary election

Indirect parliamentary elections were held in Rwanda in 1957.

## Electoral system

The Decree of 14 July 1952 by the Belgian authorities introduced an element of democracy to the Rwandan political system. A complicated electoral system was created, which involved seven stages of elections to eventually elect the National Superior Council (French: Conseil Superieur du Pays). The system was modified from the 1953–54 elections with all men aged 18 or over able to vote for the Sub-Chiefdom Councils, as voting had previously been restricted to notables.
| Council | Elected members | Ex officio members | Other members |
| Sub-Chiefdom Council | 5–10 members elected by all men aged 18 and over | Sub-chiefs | |
| Chiefdom Council | 10–18 members, 5–9 elected by sub-chiefs and 5–9 elected by notables | Chiefs | |
| Territorial Council | Sub-chiefs elected from amongst their own and notables elected by Chiefdom Councils | Chiefs | |
| Superior Council | 6 chiefs elected from their own number, 9 notables elected by Territorial Councils | King, presidents of the Territorial Councils | Up to 8 co-opted |

## Results

The elections in the sub-chiefdoms were held in 1956, with elections to the Chiefdom Councils Territorial Councils and the Superior Council following in 1957.
| Council | Members | Members | Members | Members | Members | Members | Members | Members |
| Council | Hutus | Hutus | Hutus | Tutsis | Tutsis | Tutsis | Tutsis | Total |
| Council | Elected chiefs | Elected notables | Co-opted | Elected chiefs | Elected notables | Ex officio | Co-opted | Total |
| Sub-chiefdom councils | 0 | 2,261 | 0 | 0 | 1,292 | 603 | 0 | 4,160 |
| Chiefdom councils | 0 | 107 | 0 | 298 | 245 | 54 | 0 | 704 |
| Territorial councils | 0 | 21 | 0 | 46 | 71 | 46 | 0 | 184 |
| Superior Council | 0 | 0 | 1 | 6 | 9 | 10 | 7 | 33 |
| Source: Sternberger et al. |||||||||
# Grimacco

Grimacco (Slovene: Garmak; Friulian: Grimac) is a comune (municipality) in the Regional decentralization entity of Udine in the Italian region Friuli-Venezia Giulia, located about 60 kilometres (37 mi) northwest of Trieste and about 25 kilometres (16 mi) northeast of Udine, on the border with Slovenia, and borders the following municipalities: Drenchia, Kanal ob Soči (Slovenia), Kobarid (Slovenia), San Leonardo, Savogna, Stregna.
Grimacco localities include Brida superiore (Gorenje Bardo), Brida inferiore (Dolenje Bardo), Canalaz (Kanalac), Clodig (Hlodič), Costne (Hostne), Dolina (Dolina), Grimacco Inferiore (Dolenji Garmak), Grimacco Superiore (Gorenji Garmak), Liessa (Liesa), Lombai (Lombaj), Plataz (Platac), Podlach (Podlak), Seuza (Selce), Slapovicco (Slapovik), Sverinaz (Zverinac), Topolò (Topolove), Ville di Mezzo. The municipal hall is located in Clodig.
As of 2015, it had a population of 342 and an area of 16.4 square kilometres (6.3 sq mi).

## Ethnic composition

93.7% of the population were Slovenes according to the 1971 census.

## Gallery

* Torrent Rieca at Liessa
* Italian-Slovene bilingualism in Grimacco, with the Slovene names written in the local dialect.
# Bert Shears

Albert Edward Shears (12 May 1900 – April quarter 1954) was an English footballer who played as a defender.
# Martakert Province

Martakert Province (Armenian: Մարտակերտի շրջան) was a de facto province of the Republic of Artsakh, when it was de jure part of the Republic of Azerbaijan. The population was mainly Armenian. The province had 43 communities of which one was considered urban and 42 are rural. It is under control of Azerbaijan since 23 September 2023.
Following the First Nagorno-Karabakh war, the district came under the control of the self-proclaimed. However, following the 2020 Nagorno-Karabakh war, Azerbaijan recaptured parts of the district and after September 2023 offensive they gained the full control of the region.

## Settlements

* Ağdamkənd
* Aliağalı
* Bağbanlar, Agdam
* Baş Günəypəyə
* Baş Qərvənd
* Boyəhmədli
* Bozavend
* Cavahirli
* Chapar, Nagorno-Karabakh
* Drmbon, Nagorno-Karabakh
* Kusapat
* Martakert
* Mehmana
* Nor Ghazanchi, Nagorno-Karabakh
* Umudlu, Nagorno-Karabakh
* Vank, Nagorno-Karabakh

## Cultural sites

The Gandzasar monastery, the Yeghishe Arakyal Monastery and the 17th century Armenian monastery Yerits Mankants are located in the province. The Vankasar Monastery is just outside the town of Martakert. The archaeological site of Tigranakert of Artsakh is also located in the province, thought to have been founded in the 2nd-1st century B.C, it has been undergoing excavation since 2005. Some of the walls of the city, with Hellenistic-style towers, as well as Armenian basilicas dating to fifth to seventh centuries have been uncovered.
| Mardakert view | The Sarsang reservoir, in Martakert, Nagorno-Karabakh |
# Rutki-Borki

Rutki-Borki is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Ciechanów, within Ciechanów County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland.
# Pelle Svanslös (TV series)

Pelle Svanslös is a 1997 Swedish live-action SVT's Christmas calendar TV series initiated by SVT Dramas executive chief Mark Levengood. The series is based on Gösta Knutsson's books about Pelle Svanslös and was well received by both children and grownups. The script was written by Pernilla Oljelund.
Some of the actors wore mechanical, remote-controlled tails with their costumes.

## Plot

The series is set at Åsgränd in the town of Uppsala in Sweden, where a group of cats are living. Among them are Pelle Svanslös, Måns and Maja Gräddnos.

## Actors

* Björn Kjellman - Pelle Svanslös
* Cecilia Ljung - Maja Gräddnos
* Christer Fant - Måns
* Leif Andrée - Bill
* Göran Thorell - Bull
* Brasse Brännström - Trisse
* Suzanne Ernrup - Gullan från Arkadien
* Jonas Uddenmyr - Murre från Skogstibble
* Lena-Pia Bernhardsson - Maja Gräddnos mamma
* Anna Norberg - Frida
* Lakke Magnusson - Fritz
* Jonathan Dehnisch - Fridolf
* Julia Dehnisch - Fridolfina
* Peter Harryson - Pettersson
* Ulla Akselson - Gammel-Maja
* Björn Granath - Konrad
* Lars Dejert - Tusse Batong
* Claes Månsson - Karl-Erik, kalkonen
* Henry Bronett - Taxen Max
* Reuben Sallmander - Frösö-Frasse
* Ecke Olsson - Ville med sillen
* Katarina Ewerlöf - Mirjam, societetskatt
* Fransesca Quartey - Monique, societetskatt
* Anders Beckman - Långe John
* Gösta Prüzelius - Berättaren

## Video

The series was released on VHS in 1998, and on DVD on 19 November 2001.
# John Anthony Boissonneau

John Anthony Boissonneau (born December 7, 1949, in Scarborough) is a Roman Catholic Auxiliary Bishop in Toronto, Canada.
He was ordained a priest on December 14, 1974.
Pope John Paul II appointed him Titular Bishop of Tambeae and Auxiliary Bishop of Toronto on March 23, 2001. The Archbishop of Toronto, Cardinal Aloysius Ambrozic, gave him the episcopal ordination on May 29 of the same year; co-consecrators were the auxiliary bishops in Toronto Nicola De Angelis CFIC, and Anthony Giroux Meagher.
# Boneh-ye Hajji

Boneh-ye Hajji (Persian: بنه حاجي, also Romanized as Boneh-ye Ḩājjī) is a village in Howmeh-ye Sharqi Rural District, in the Central District of Ramhormoz County, Khuzestan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 199, in 44 families.
# Amorpheae

The tribe Amorpheae is an early-branching clade within the flowering plant subfamily Faboideae or Papilionaceae. It is found from Mexico to Argentina. It was recently found to belong in a larger clade known informally as the dalbergioids sensu lato. This tribe is consistently resolved as monophyletic in molecular phylogenetic analyses. It is estimated to have arisen 36.9 ± 3.0 million years ago (in the Eocene). A node-based definition for Amorpheae is: "the MRCA of Psorothamnus arborescens and Eysenhardtia orthocarpa." The tribe exhibits the following morphological synapomorphies: "epidermal glands throughout the plant body; dry, indehiscent fruits that are single-seeded; and terminal inflorescences."

## Subclades and genera
### Amorphoids

The amorphoids can be distinguished from the daleoids on the basis of their non-papilionaceous flowers.
* Amorpha L.
* Apoplanesia C. Presl
* Errazurizia Phil.
* Eysenhardtia Kunth
* Parryella Torr. & A. Gray

### Daleoids

The daleoids can be distinguished from the amorphoids on the basis of their generally papilionaceous corollas.
* Dalea L.
* Marina Liebm.
* Psorothamnus Rydb.
# Alpine foothills

The Alpine foothills, or Prealps (German: Voralpen; French: Préalpes; Italian: Prealpi; Slovene: Predalpe), may refer generally to any foothills at the base of the Alps in Europe. They are the transition zone between the High Alps and the Swiss Plateau and the Bavarian Alpine Foreland in the north, as well as to the Pannonian Basin (Alpokalja) in the east, the Padan Plain in the south and the Rhone Valley in the west.

## Classification

The Alpine foothills comprise:
* The French Prealps
** Savoy Prealps
** Dauphiné Prealps
** Provence Prealps
* The Swiss Prealps
* The Northern Prealps, part of the Northern Limestone Alps:
** Bavarian Prealps in southeastern Germany
** Salzburg Prealps, part of the Salzkammergut Mountains in Austria
** Upper Austrian Prealps
** Lower Austrian Prealps, leading to the Vienna Woods
* The Southeastern Prealps, borderline of the Alps to the Pannonian Basin in Austria and Slovenia:
** Prealps East of the Mur
** Lavanttal Alps
** Styrian Prealps
** Slovenian Prealps, Pohorje
* The Southern or Italian Prealps, usually divided into:
** Julian Prealps
** Venetian Prealps
** Bergamasque Prealps
** Lugano Prealps
** Brescia and Garda Prealps

## Gallery

* Pastures on the Lessini Mountains, in the Venetian Prealps
* Pastures on Monte Pora with a view of Presolana, in the Bergamasque Prealps
* Panorama from Mount Bauroux, in the Provence Prealpes
* Summit of the Dent du Salantin, in the Savoy Prealps
* Landscape of Devoluy, in the Dauphiné Prealps
* Panorama of the Mia and Matajur mountains, in the Julian Prealps
* The north face of the Benediktenwand, Bavarian Prealps
# Amrizal Salayan

Amrizal Salayan (born October 8, 1958) is an Indonesian artist and sculptor.

## Biography

Amrizal Salayan was born in Bukittinggi, West Sumatra, on October 8, 1958. He studied fine arts at the Padang Teachers Training and Education Institute in West Sumatra from 1979 to 1980. Subsequently, he pursued his education at the Bandung Institute of Technology (ITB), where he enrolled in the Faculty of Fine Arts in 1984. In 1988, he successfully obtained his Bachelor of Fine Arts (BFA) degree from ITB. Later, in 2004, he furthered his academic journey at the same institute, attaining a master's degree.

## Notable works

* There He is with His Absence
* Banana Leaf Man
# Cousso

Cousso is a Portuguese freguesia ("civil parish") in the municipality of Melgaço. The population in 2011 was 294, in an area of 7.23 km$^2$.

## Architecture

* Chapel of Senhora da Boa Morte (Portuguese: Capela da Senhora da Boa Morte)
* Chapel of São Tiago (Portuguese: Capela de São Tiago)
* Cross of Cousso (Portuguese: Cruzeiro de Cousso)
* Church of São Tiago (Portuguese: Igreja Paroquial de Cousso/Igreja de São Tomé)
# Caldiero railway station

Caldiero (Italian: Stazione di Caldiero) is a railway station serving the town of Caldiero, in the region of Veneto, northern Italy. The station is located on the Milan–Venice railway. The train services are operated by Trenitalia.

## Train services

The station is served by the following services:
* Regional services (Treno regionale) Verona - Vicenza - Padua - Venice
| Preceding station | Trenitalia | Following station |
| San Martino Buon Albergotoward Verona Porta Nuova | Treno regionale | San Bonifaciotoward Venezia Santa Lucia |
# Pain Narenj Lengeh

Pain Narenj Lengeh (Persian: پائين نارنج لنگه, also Romanized as Pā’īn Nārenj Lengeh) is a village in Ahandan Rural District, in the Central District of Lahijan County, Gilan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 192, in 40 families.
# Acauã Ecological Station

Acauã Ecological Station (Portuguese: Estação Ecológica Acauã is a state-operated ecological station in the State of Minas Gerais, Brazil. It is a strictly protected area and is closed to the public except for research and environmental education.

## Location

The reserve is in the cerrado biome, and covers 5,196 hectares (12,840 acres) in the municipalities of Leme do Prado and Turmalina. It was created on 23 September 1974, modified on 27 September 1994 and 30 December 1994. It is in the Jequitinhonha Valley region in Minas Gerais.

## Environment

The vegetation is dense cerrado with transition to Atlantic Forest. The flora consists of medium to large plants. Fauna include armadillo, maned wolf, common agouti, paca, collared peccary (Pecari tajacu), robust capuchin monkey and broad-snouted caiman (Caiman latirostris). More than 190 species of birds have been identified.
In April 2013, the Public Ministry and Justice department of Minas Gerais charged that the State Forestry Institute had been failing to comply with environmental legislation. There were serious problems such as lack of a management plan, physical structures and personnel, and land tenure issues with the ecological stations of Mata do Acauã and Mata dos Ausentes and the state parks of Biribiri, Alto Cariri, Rio Preto and Serra Negra.
# Akçakiraz, Elazığ

Akçakiraz (former Perçenç, from the original Armenian Parchanj [Armenian: Բարջանճ]) is a belde (town) in the central district (Elazığ District) of Elazığ Province, Turkey. Situated 7 kilometres (4.3 mi) south of Elazığ and near the junction of two Turkish state highways D.300 and D.885 which connect Elazığ to Bingöl and Diyarbakır respectively. Its population is 8,047 (2021).
It consists of 10 quarters: Paşalar, Kıraç, Yenice, Hürriyet, Kültür, Yeşilyurt, Yüzbaşı, Yeşilkuşak, Zafer and Bahçekapı.

## History

According to the official municipality page the town was founded in 1670 by a certain İsmail Bey who was probably a member of Karakoyunlu dynasty (which had founded a short lived Turkmen empire in the 14th and 15th centuries). Local Armenian tradition held that the town was founded by the Apostles Thaddeus and Bartholomew, patron saints of the Armenian Church. While the author of a study on the village finds this story to be apocryphal, he believes Armenians were the original founders of the village. All the Armenians were expelled or massacred during the course of the Armenian genocide of 1915.
# Andrew Tang

Andrew Tang (born November 29, 1999) is an American chess grandmaster. He is also a popular streamer, known online for his speed chess skills especially in bullet (one minute), hyperbullet (30 seconds), and ultrabullet (15 seconds) time controls as well as for playing speed chess blindfolded.

## Chess career

Tang began playing chess in preschool. He was instructed by John Bartholomew as he was growing up. He earned the title of International Master in 2014 by winning the North American Junior Chess Championship.
Tang earned the title of Grandmaster in November 2017, when he achieved his final norm and an Elo rating over 2500, both required for the title, in the Fall 2017 CCCSA GM Norm Invitational tournament, held in Charlotte, North Carolina. FIDE awarded him the title in April 2018.
In December 2018, he participated in the World Rapid Chess Championship in Saint Petersburg. Initially seeded 190th, Tang achieved a good result, scoring 8.5 points out of 15 rounds, and placing 59th. In the tournament, he also played his first live game against world champion Magnus Carlsen.
In the 2019 U.S. Junior Championship, Tang placed 4th out of 10 with 5/9.
In January 2020, Tang tied for second place with a score of 6.5/9 in the Charlotte Open, held in Charlotte, North Carolina, tying with GM Cemil Can Ali Marandi, GM Akshat Chandra, GM Ulvi Bajarani, and IM Aaron Grabinsky. On October 1, 2020, Tang signed with the esports organization Cloud9 using the online ID penguingm1.
Andrew Tang also competed in the 2021 Bullet Chess Championship Presented By SIG hosted by chess.com. There he competed against GMs Hikaru Nakamura, Nihal Sarin, Daniel Naroditsky and Alireza Firouzja, among others. He finished in 2nd place, losing 5–11 to Firouzja in the final. He again participated in the competition's following-year edition, and again finished in 2nd place, losing 11–8 to Nakamura in the Grand Final.
Andrew Tang won the 2023 US Open. He and GM Alexey Sorokin both won their ninth round games to tie for first place, but Tang won the Armageddon playoff. Tang was subsequently featured on the cover of the December 2023 issue of Chess Life.
In 2024, Tang was inducted into the Minnesota Chess Hall of Fame, by the Minnesota State Chess Association.
Tang streams chess live on Twitch, preferring fast bullet chess games of 15-, 30-, or 60-second chess with no increment. He has beaten the Lichess Stockfish engine successively from level 1 through 8 in ultrabullet time control. He has won the Lichess Titled Arena five times as of December 2021.

## Personal life

Tang was born in Naperville, Illinois but his family moved to Minnesota when he was eight. He graduated from Wayzata High School in Plymouth, Minnesota, and attended Princeton University, where he majored in Operations Research and Financial Engineering.
After graduating, he was hired as a quantitative trader by SIG.
# La Tavola Rotonda

La Tavola Rotonda (Italian: The Round Table) was an illustrated weekly music and literary magazine which was based in Naples, Italy. It was in circulation between 1891 and 1924.

## History and profile

La Tavola Rotonda was founded by Ferdinando Bideri in Naples in 1891. He was also the publisher of the magazine which came out weekly. It was originally a literary publication, but later it also covered musical texts such as romanzas and Neapolitan songs. It also featured literary, theatrical and musical reviews. The magazine hosted a song contest in 1892.
La Tavola Rotonda featured the works of Vincenzo Valente, Eduardo di Capua, Salvatore Gambardella, Pasquale Cinquegrana, Vincenzo Russo, and E. A. Mario. The magazine published a song per week, including O marenariello (Italian: Little sailors), a song by Salvatore Gambardella in 1893. In addition, the advertisements of the Piedigrotta Festival were published in the magazine, and during the preparations of the festival from August to September each year the number of songs featured was increased. Its contributors were young writers who were supporters of symbolism. Some of them included Biagio Chiara, who was also its editor-in-chief, Decio Carli, and Achille Macchia. Michele Saponaro succeeded Biagio Chiara as editor-in-chief of La Tavola Rotonda on 14 August 1908 and held the post until 28 February 1909. It folded in 1924.
The issues of La Tavola Rotonda was archived by the National Library of Naples.
# Versinikia Peak

Versinikia Peak (Bulgarian: връх Версиникия, romanized: vrah Versinikiya, IPA:) is the sharp peak in Ellsworth Mountains, Antarctica rising to 2918 m on the side ridge that trends 8.8 km from the south rib of Mount Giovinetto on the main crest of north-central Sentinel Range northeastwards via Evans Peak to Debren Pass. It has partly ice-free west and southeast slopes, and surmounts Patton Glacier to the southeast and the head of Rumyana Glacier to the northwest.
The peak is named after the medieval fortress of Versinikia in Southeastern Bulgaria.

## Location

Versinikia Peak is located at 78°17′38″S 85°48′11″W﻿ / ﻿78.29389°S 85.80306°W﻿ / -78.29389; -85.80306, which is 3.1 km northeast of Evans Peak, 6.5 km east of Mount Giovinetto, 6.6 km southwest of Mount Jumper and 8.53 km northwest of Mount Bearskin. US mapping in 1961 and 1988.

## Maps

* Vinson Massif. Scale 1:250 000 topographic map. Reston, Virginia: US Geological Survey, 1988.
* Antarctic Digital Database (ADD). Scale 1:250000 topographic map of Antarctica. Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research (SCAR). Since 1993, regularly updated.
# Qarah Darreh, Kurdistan

Qarah Darreh (Persian: قره دره, also Romanized as Qareh Darreh) is a village in Kani Shirin Rural District, Karaftu District, Divandarreh County, Kurdistan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 425, in 84 families. The village is populated by Kurds.
# Çişmäbaş, Kukmorsky District

Çişmäbaş (Tatar: Чишмәбаш, romanized: Çişmäbaş) is a rural locality (a selo) in Kukmara District, Tatarstan. The population was 732 as of 2010. Çişmäbaş, Kukmorsky District is located 22 km from Kukmara, district's administrative centre, and 142 km from Ԛazan, republic's capital, by road. The village was established in 17th century. There are 8 streets in the village.
# Novoselskoye, Republic of Dagestan

Novoselskoye (Russian: Новосельское; Chechen: Керла-Йурт, Kerla-Yurt) is a rural locality (a selo) and the administrative centre of Novoselsky Selsoviet, Khasavyurtovsky District, Republic of Dagestan, Russia. 3,280 (2021 Census); 2,918 (2002 Census); 2,443 (1989 Soviet census). There are 24 streets.

## Geography

Novoselskoye is located 32 km north of Khasavyurt (the district's administrative centre) by road. Moksob is the nearest rural locality.
# Daray Daray Naina

Daray Daray Naina (or spelled as Dare Dare Naina) (Urdu: ڈرے ڈرے نیناں) is a 2012 Pakistani drama serial broadcasting on A-Plus Entertainment every Tuesday. The serial is written by K Rehman and directed by Dilawar Malik, starring Babar Ali, Sami Khan, Neelam Munir, Mehmood Aslam, Zhalay Sarhadi and Shahood Alvi. It was first aired on 6 November 2012.

## Cast

* Sami Khan as Razim
* Babar Ali
* Neelam Munir
* Mehmood Aslam
* Zhalay Sarhadi
* Shahood Alvi
* Taifoor Khan
* Anita Kampher
* Sataish Khan
* Imran Ashraf
# Hamid Ali Mirza

Hamid Ali Mirza (Urdu: حامد علی مرزا) (14 September 1940 — 23 October 2017) was a Pakistani lawyer. He served as Judge of the Supreme Court of Pakistan and Chief Election Commissioner of Pakistan.

## Education

Hamid Ali Mirza was born on 14 September 1940 in Jacobabad, Sindh, Pakistan. He passed matriculation examination from Jacobabad in 1954 and earned degrees of BSc and LLB in 1959 and 1961 respectively from the University of Sindh.

## Professional history
### Lawyer

He started his practice as an advocate (Lawyer) in 1961 until he joined the Judicial Service in 1973.

### Judicial service

* Senior Civil Judge and Assistant Sessions
    He joined the Provincial Judicial Service on 10 December 1973 as Senior Civil Judge and Assistant Sessions Judge and served in this capacity for almost eight years.
* District and Session Judge
    He was promoted as District and Session Judge on 26 January 1983 and he served in this capacity for over twelve years.
* Judge, High Court of Sindh
    On 10 April 1995 he was elevated as a Judge of the High Court of Sindh. In addition to his duties as Judge, he also remained as Member Syndicate, University of Sindh, Jamshoro.
* Judge, Supreme Court of Pakistan
    On 28 April 2000 he was elevated to Judge of the Supreme Court of Pakistan. He retired in 2005.
* Chief Election Commissioner of Pakistan
    He was appointed Chief Election Commissioner of Pakistan on 17 March 2009. As a Member of the Election Commission of Pakistan, he participated in the Workshop for Commonwealth Chief Electoral Officers held in Dhaka, Bangladesh from 7–10 April 1997.