OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Bagrat Shinkuba

Bagrat Uasyl-ipa Shinkuba (12 May 1917 – 25 February 2004) was an Abkhaz writer, poet, historian, linguist and politician. He studied history and languages of Abkhaz, Adyghe and Ubykh people. A prolific poet, Bagrat Shinkuba published First Songs, his first volume of poetry in 1935. His novel The Last of the Departed is dedicated to the tragic destiny of Ubykh nation, which became extinct along a hundred of years.
From 1953 to 1958, he was chair of the Writer's Union of Abkhazia. From 1958 to 1978 he was the Chairman of the Supreme Council Presidium of the Abkhaz ASSR.

## Works

* Bagrat Shinkuba. The Last of the Departed on Adyghe Library
* Иалкаау иоымтакуа, т. 1–2, Akya, 1967–68; в рус. пер. — Избранное. [Предисл. К. Симонова], М., 1976.
# Dale Caya

Dale Caya is a retired American soccer goalkeeper who was the 1990 American Professional Soccer League Goalkeeper of the Year.
Caya attended Temple University, playing on the men's soccer team from 1982 to 1985. In 1988, he played for the amateur Philadelphia Inter. In July 1989, Caya signed with the Penn-Jersey Football Club. In 1990, the club entered the American Soccer League as the Penn-Jersey Spirit. Caya was selected as first team all league that season. In 1991, he was on the roster of the Spirit for a handful of games, but never came off the bench. In 1992, he graduated from the Widener University School of Law.
# Jekerkwartier

The Jekerkwartier (Dutch:; Limburgish: Jekerkerteer) is a neighbourhood in the old city centre of Maastricht, Limburg, Netherlands. It is named after the Jeker river that flows through the neighbourhood into the Meuse.

## Impressions

* Jeker near the Bisschopsmolen
* Leeuwenmolen
* Huis op de Jeker
* Typical street
* Grote Looiersstraat
* Sint Pieterstraat
* Oude Minderbroederskerk
* Helpoort [nl]
* Nieuwenhof convent
* Conservatorium
* City park
* Poort Waerachtig
* tower near the Faliezusterpark
50°50′39″N 5°41′29″E﻿ / ﻿50.84417°N 5.69139°E﻿ / 50.84417; 5.69139
# Apostolic Vicariate of Méndez

The Apostolic Vicariate (or Vicariate Apostolic) of Méndez (Latin: Apostolicus Vicariatus Mendezensis) is a missionary circonscription of the Roman Catholic Church.
Its cathedral see, Catedral Purísima de Macas, is located in the city of Macas in Ecuador's Morona-Santiago province. It is exempt, i.e. directly subject to the Holy See, not part of any ecclesiastical province.

## History

On 17 February 1893 Pope Leo XIII established the Vicariate Apostolic of Méndez y Gualaquiza from the Vicariate Apostolic of Napo.
Pope Pius XII shortened its name to the Vicariate Apostolic of Méndez on 12 April 1951.

## Bishops
### Incumbent ordinaries

So far, all its apostolic vicars were members of the missionary Salesians order (S.D.B.)

#### Apostolic vicars of Méndez y Gualaquiza

* Santiago (Giacomo) Costamagna, S.D.B. † 1921 (18 March 1895 – 1919)
* Domenico Comin, S.D.B. (1920.03.05 – 1951.04.12 cfr. infra

#### Apostolic vicars of Méndez

* Domenico Comin, S.D.B. (cfr. supra; 1951.04.12 – 1963.08.17)
* José Félix Pintado Blasco, S.D.B. † (17 Aug. 1963 – 24 Jan. 1981)
* Teodoro Luis Arroyo Robelly, S.D.B. † (24 Jan. 1981 – 1 July 1993)
* Pietro Gabrielli, S.D.B. (1 July 1993 – 15 April 2008)
* Néstor Montesdeoca Becerra, S.D.B. (15 Apr 2008 – present)

### Coadjutor Vicar Apostolic

* José Félix Pintado Blasco, S.D.B. † (13 Nov 1958 - 17 Aug. 1963)
# Mollendal, U.S. Virgin Islands

Mollendal is an uninhabited part of Virgin Islands National Park on the island of Saint John in the United States Virgin Islands. The L'Esperance Trail passes through this area. Its elevation is 140 meters.
# Altweerterheide

Main article coordinate 51°13′N 5°41′E﻿ / ﻿51.217°N 5.683°E﻿ / 51.217; 5.683
Altweerterheide (Dutch pronunciation:; Limburgish: Altwieërthei) is a town in the middle part of the Dutch province of Limburg. It is a part of the municipality of Weert, and lies about 4 km southwest of Weert.
In 2001, Altweerterheide had 514 inhabitants. The built-up area of the town was 0.14 km$^2$, and contained 195 residences.

## History

The village owes its name to the forest, swamp and heathland in the southwest of Weert. Alt comes from the medieval word for old, Weerter comes from the city of Weert and heath from the heathland; Literally translated it is Old weert heathland. Before the name Altweerterheide was used, some 40 families lived in the (outside area of the) village, mainly in the South. These families usually had contacts in Tungelroy and Stramproy. Due to the distances, roads and other limited options, there was little contact with the city of Weert at that time. The reclamation of the area around Altweerterheide only started at the beginning of the twentieth century, which has slowly led to the cultural landscape of today. Production forests were initially planted near the IJzeren Man lake and the Altweerterheide (forest), later the Laura forest were also created. The Laura forest consists of coarse pine forest, used to shore up the mine entrances. The Laurabossen are named after the Laura mine in Eygelshoven.
When the mines closed in 1964, pine trees were planted again. The existing sandy soils remained as they were, as the soil was too poor for anything to grow on them. Heathlands have also returned. When the naturally occurring swamps were also drained, more land was eventually available for agricultural areas. This led to the construction of several farms in the area. There was a chapel nearby from 1723. Later, a real residential area was created with the wooden church from 1925 as the central point. There has also been a primary school in the village since 1930.
Until the Second World War, only a few dozen families lived in the small residential area around the parish church. After the war, many young people left the village to look for better work in the city. This caused the village to empty out. After the war, a border crossing with Belgium was opened and a paved road was built, the Bocholterweg. This created a route from Belgium to Weert, which many Belgian workers gratefully used. But many Dutch people who worked in the coal mines in Belgium also often traveled the road through Altweerterheide. In recent years, new buildings have been built in the village, such as Heidebeemd (2003) and Eigen Erf (2007). These street names are derived from the history of Altweerterheide.

## Nearby towns

Weert, Tungelroy, Stramproy, Bocholt
# Department of Health (Isle of Man)

The Department of Health (Manx: Rheynn Slaynt) was a department of the Isle of Man Government. It was created on 1 April 2010, taking on the health services and public health functions of the former Department of Health and Social Security. On 1 August 2012 the Isle of Man's Mental Health Services were transferred from the Department of Social Care to the Department of Health, which also saw the creation of a post for a second Member for the Department with specific responsibility for Mental Health. On 2 December 2013 as part of the Council of Ministers' plans to modernize ministerial government it was announced that the Department of Health and the Department of Social Care (with the exception of Social Security, which would move to Treasury) would merge on 1 April, subject to the approval of Tynwald. The move was by and large a reversal of one element of the restructuring of the Isle of Man Government in April 2010 which saw the former Department of Health and Social Security split to form the Department of Health and the Department of Social Care.
During its existence, the Department of Health was the largest in terms of personnel, which is estimated to stand at 1,983.51 full-time equivalent employees at 31 March 2014, representing approx. 25% of central government's public sector workforce.

## Functions

* Acute Care
* Primary Care
* Public Health
* Mental Health
* Nurse and Medical Education and Training

## Former Ministers and Members
### Former Ministers for Health

* Hon Howard Quayle MHK, 3 March 2014 - 31 March 2014.
* Hon David Anderson MHK, 1 April 2010 – 3 March 2014.

### Former Ministers for Health and Social Security (16 December 1968 - 31 March 2010)

* Hon Eddie Teare MHK, 15 December 2006 - 31 March 2010.
* Hon Steve Rodan MHK, 30 June 2004 - 15 December 2006.
* Hon Clare Christian MLC, 6 December 1996 - 30 June 2004.
* Hon Bernie May MHK, 18 December 1991 - 6 December 1996.
* Hon Jim Cain MHK, 19 December 1989 - 18 December 1991.
* Hon Tony Brown MHK, 16 December 1986 - 19 December 1989.

### Former Chairmen of the Department of Health and Social Security (1 April 1986 - 16 December 1986)

* Arnold Callin MHK, 1 April 1986 - 16 December 1986.
Health functions were part of the Department of Health and Social Security prior to the formation of the Department for Health on 1 April 2010.

### Former Chairmen of the Health Services Board

* Arnold Callin MHK, 15 December 1981 - 31 March 1986.
* Bert Creer MHK, 1975 - 15 December 1981.
* Unknown 1971 - 1975.
* Cecil McFee MHK, 1967 - 1971.
* Sir Charles Kerruish MHK, 1955 - 1967.
* Thomas Cowin MHK, 6 July 1948 - 1955.

### Former Members for Health

* Bill Henderson MHK - Member for Mental Health Services, 7 May 2013 - 3 March 2014.
* Dudley Butt MLC - Member for Health Services, 1 April 2010 – 31 March 2014.
* Leonard Singer MHK - Member for Mental Health Services, 1 August 2012 - 7 May 2013.
# Midrakh Oz

Midrakh Oz (Hebrew: מִדְרַךְ עֹז, lit. 'Foothold of Strength') is an agricultural moshav in northern Israel. Located in the Jezreel Valley, it falls under the jurisdiction of Megiddo Regional Council. In 2022 it had a population of 822, both religious and secular Jews.

## Etymology

"Midrakh Oz" inspired by a passage in the Song of Deborah (Book of Judges 5:21).
   The brook Kishon swept them away, that ancient brook, the brook Kishon. O my soul, tread them down with strength.

## Geography

The moshav is located in a valley called "Mansi Valley", part of the larger Jezreel Valley, near Manasseh Park and is surrounded by green hills of the Plain of Manasseh. It is at an attitude of 128 meters above sea level, 7 km south-east of Yokneam Illit. The moshav lies on Highway 66, which is connected to Highway 65 through nearby Megiddo Junction, connecting the moshav to Haifa and Afula.

## History

In 1951, a Ma'abara was built named "Ma'abarat Mansi" and was populated by Jewish immigrants from Yemen. The origins of the families who arrived can be traced in twelve villages and towns in Yemen's central and southwestern regions, with the large majority from five villages south of Yemen's capital Sana'a. Midrakh Oz was built on the lands of depopulated Palestinian villages of Al-Mansi and Al-Ghubayya al-Tahta.
A year later the Ma'abara was dismantled and on 12 December 1952 Moshav was established, first named "Mansi" and later renamed to "Midrakh Oz".
Between 2000 and 2008 Israel had its milk reform and 13,000,000 NIS were invested in the moshav (around 5,000 NIS per cow), about half was provided by the locals.
An expansion of the moshav was built on one of the nearby hills called Khirbat el Khishash, at the foot of the Menashe Heights overlooking the Jezreel Valley and the first stage was completed in 2008 with 83 residential units.

## Economy

All of Midrakh Oz's food productions are members of a local agricultural association called "Oz Dganim". All members pay member's fee and take full responsibility for running the foods center.
Midrakh Oz's dairy farming is considered one of the prominent in Israel, with an annual production of 13.5 million litres of milk. Until the 90s there were 48 milk producers in 46 dairies and after Israel's milk reform, 31 milk producers were left in 26 dairies. Prior to the reform, the dairy farming caused pollution inside the moshav and each cow received on average only 5 m2. The reform improved the environmental condition and each cow received 18 m2 on average. Today most of the work is done by foreign workers.
# Gavdari-ye Qarah Ney

Gavdari-ye Qarah Ney (Persian: گاوداري قره ني, also Romanized as Gāvdārī-ye Qarah Ney) is a village in Kani Bazar Rural District, Khalifan District, Mahabad County, West Azerbaijan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 49, in 7 families.
# Leggere Donna

Leggere Donna (Italian: Reading Woman) is an Italian feminist cultural magazine which features reviews about women-related literary work and about books written by women. The magazine began publication in 1980. It has been published by Luciana Tufani publishing since its inception, and as of 2011 its editor was Luciana Tufani. The headquarters of the magazine is in Ferrara.
# Isobornyl acetate

Isobornyl acetate is an organic compound consisting of the acetate ester or the terpenoid isoborneol. It is a colorless liquid with a pleasant pine-like scent, and it is produced on a multi-ton scale for this purpose. The compound is prepared by reaction of camphene with acetic acid in the presence of a strongly acidic catalyst such as sulfuric acid. Hydrolysis of isobornyl acetate gives isoborneol, a precursor to camphor.
Like many plant exudates, isobornyl acetate appears to have antifeedant properties.
# Albuca bracteata

Albuca bracteata (syn. Ornithogalum longebracteatum), is known by the common names pregnant onion, false sea onion, and sea-onion. It is a species of bulbous flowering plant in the family Asparagaceae. Its flowering stems can reach a height of 90 cm and can carry up to 100 greenish white flowers.

## Description

Strap-shaped lanceolate leaves, 60 cm (2 ft) long and 2.5 cm (1 in) wide, protrude from a bulky bulb which is largely above ground. The roots are white and succulent. Many small, fragrant, white flowers, with a diameter of 0.5 cm and a green midvein, are located on racemes that can reach 70–90 cm tall. Flowering usually occurs from spring through to early winter (May to August in the northern hemisphere), with 50 to 100 flowers per stalk. One plant can have up to 300 flowers at one time. Fruit capsules are 10 mm long and 6 mm in diameter. Seeds are oblong with dimensions of 4 by 1.5 mm. Albuca bracteata is a cryptophyte, as the foliage dies back during drought periods.

## Taxonomy

Albuca bracteata was first described in 1794 by Carl Peter Thunberg, as Ornithogalum bracteatum. The specific epithet bracteatum refers to the bracts in the inflorescence; Thunberg described the species as "with longer flower bracts" (Latin: bracteis floribus longioribus). It was transferred to Albuca in 2009, along with other species of Ornithogalum, based on a molecular phylogenetic study.

## Distribution and habitat

Albuca bracteata is native to South Africa (the Cape Provinces and KwaZulu-Natal). It is also found in tropical east Africa, where it may be native or introduced. It can be found growing in forests, forest margins, closed woodland and sheltered slopes. As of 2012, it had stable native populations with a conservation status of "least concern". It grows at altitudes of 0–300 m above sea level.

## Cultivation

Albuca bracteata is primarily grown as a houseplant. It is hardy to USDA zones of 9a-10b. The ornamental value of this plant is based on the formation of bulblets. The common name "pregnant onion" is due to the small adventitious bulblets that form from the initial bulb scales, which are likened to "babies". It is frost tender, and requires light well drained soil, and bright light, although intense heat and light can scorch tissues. Consistent watering is required for seed germination and survival. Mature plants will benefit from slight drying between waterings, although underwatering will induce dormancy. During the winter months this plant can be allowed to go dormant and the bulbs stored at cooler temperatures.

### Propagation

Albuca bracteata can undergo vegetative and sexual reproduction. Propagation via bulblets is the most common method, whereby the bulblets are separated from the mother bulb and planted. Seed production provides genetic variation. Micropropagation of Albuca bracteata has been achieved. Bulblet production was found to be greatest in vitro between 10–30 °C, and was inhibited at 35 °C.

### Toxicity

The sap can cause contact dermatitis and most parts of this plant are considered toxic to humans. The bulb is a favoured dietary item of the Chacma baboon.
# Kachalvand

Kachalvand (Persian: كچلوند, also Romanized as Kachalvand; also known as Kachālvand-e Pāpī and Kechālvand-e Pāpī) is a village in Dowreh Rural District, Chegeni District, Dowreh County, Lorestan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 142, in 27 families.
# Rybie, Pruszków County

Rybie is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Raszyn, within Pruszków County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately 2 kilometres (1 mi) south-east of Raszyn, 10 km (6 mi) east of Pruszków, and 8 km (5 mi) south-west of Warsaw.
# John Blundell (economist)

John Blundell (9 October 1952 – 22 July 2014) was a British economist who served as Director General and the Ralph Harris Fellow at the Institute of Economic Affairs. Blundell had been involved in the creation and development of numerous free-market think tanks.

## Early life

Born in Congleton, Cheshire, on 9 October 1952, he was educated at The King's School, Macclesfield, and at the London School of Economics.

## Career

He headed the Press, Research and Parliamentary Liaison Office at the Federation of Small Businesses from 1977 to 1982, and was a Lambeth London Borough Councillor from 1978 to 1982. From 1982 to 1993 he was resident in the United States, where he was President of the Institute for Humane Studies (1988–1991), President of the Atlas Economic Research Foundation (1987–1991), President of the Board of the Congressional Schools of Virginia (1988–1992) and President of the Charles G. Koch and Claude R. Lambe Charitable Foundations (1991–1992).
Blundell became Director General of the Institute of Economic Affairs on 1 January 1993.
In addition he served as co-founder and Chairman of the Institute for Children in Boston, Massachusetts (1993–1997); Founder and Director of the Institute for Justice in Washington D.C. (1991–1993); International Trustee of The Fraser Institute in Vancouver, British Columbia (1988–1993); and Founder Trustee of the Buckeye Institute in Ohio.
Blundell was a Director of Fairbridge and of the International Policy Network, and Chairman of the Institute Development and Relations Committee on the board of Atlas Economic Research Foundation. He was also a board member of the Institute for Humane Studies at George Mason University in Fairfax, Virginia; of the Institute of Economic Studies in Paris, France; and, until 2012, of the Mont Pelerin Society.

## Death

Blundell died on 22 July 2014 at the age of 61.

## Works

Books
* Female Force: Ayn Rand, with Todd Tennant and Jaymes Reed. Bluewater Productions, 2011. ISBN 978-1450749244.
* Government Failure, with Alan Peacock, Otmar Issing, Richard Allen Epstein, Carolyn Fairbairn, David B. Smith, Geoffrey Edward Wood, James Tooley and David Graham. London: Institute of Economic Affairs, 2003. ISBN 978-0255365475.
* Ladies For Liberty: Women Who Made a Difference in American History. Algora Publishing, 2011. ISBN 978-0875868660.
* Margaret Thatcher: A Portrait of the Iron Lady. Algora Publishing, 2008. ISBN 978-0875866314.
* Regulation Without the State: The Debate Continues, with Colin Robinson. London: Institute of Economic Affairs, 2000. ISBN 978-0255364836.
* Waging the War of Ideas. London: Institute of Economic Affairs, 2003. ISBN 978-0255365475.
Articles
* "Arthur Seldon CBE and the IEA". Liberty Fund, November 2013.
* "IHS and the Rebirth of Austrian Economics: Some Reflections on 1974–1976". The Quarterly Journal of Austrian Economics, Vol. 17, No. 1, Spring 2014, pp. 92–107.
# Lewis Gard

Lewis Thomas Gard (born 26 August 1999) is an English professional footballer who plays as a midfielder for Isthmian League South East Division club Ramsgate.

## Career
### Youth and Southend

Born in Basildon, Essex, Gard grew up in Langdon Hills and attended St Thomas More High School for Boys in Westcliff-on-Sea. He started his career in the youth system at Southend United who he joined at the age of eight. After progressing through the youth team he signed a scholarship in June 2015.

#### Aveley (loan)

In December 2017 he joined Isthmian League North Division side Aveley on loan and made twelve appearances and scored twice during his month loan spell.

### Southend United Senior Team

Upon his return he made his Southend first team debut on 24 April 2018 in a 3–0 win over Oldham Athletic when he replaced Theo Robinson as a late substitute.
On 30 September 2021, he was sent out on loan to Isthmian League Division One North side Heybridge Swifts.

### Tonbridge Angels

On 10 June 2022, Gard joined National League South club Tonbridge Angels.

### Ramsgate

In July 2024, Gard joined Isthmian League South East Division side Ramsgate.

## Career statistics

    As of match played 6 October 2020
Appearances and goals by club, season and competition :
| Club | Season | League | League | League | FA Cup | FA Cup | League Cup | League Cup | Other | Other | Total | Total |
| Club | Season | Division | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals |
| Southend United | 2017–18 | League One | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 |
| Southend United | 2018–19 | League One | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 0 |
| Southend United | 2019–20 | League One | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 1 |
| Southend United | 2020–21 | League Two | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 6 | 0 |
| Southend United | Southend United | Southend United | 7 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 4 | 0 | 12 | 1 |
| Aveley (loan) | 2017–18 | IL North Division | 12 | 1 | 0 | 0 | — | — | 0 | 0 | 12 | 1 |
| Career total | Career total | Career total | 19 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 4 | 0 | 24 | 2 |
* 1 2 Appearance(s) in the Football League Trophy
# Lewis Hamilton (footballer)

Lewis Emmanuel Hamilton (born 21 November 1984) is an English footballer who plays as a defender for Horsham.

## Career

Hamilton made his Football League debut for Queens Park Rangers in the Championship after coming on as a substitute against Burnley at Turf Moor on 19 April 2005.
He then moved to Aldershot Town, and then Lewes, where he was part of the 2007–08 Conference South winning side. Hamilton signed for Tonbridge Angels in July 2008 after a successful trial. Hamilton left Tonbridge in December 2009 and subsequently rejoined Lewes.
Hamilton signed for Isthmian League side Horsham at the start of the 2013–14 campaign.

## Honours

Lewes
* Conference South: 2007–08
# Aristeidis Dosios

Aristeidis Dosios (Greek: Αριστείδης Δόσιος; c. 1844–1881) was a Greek economist, author and banker, best known for his attempted assassination of Queen Amalia. His father was the politician Konstantinos Dosios.
# Dulcie Boling

Dulcie Boling (born Elizabeth Dulcie Boling on 29 March 1936) is an Australian businessperson and magazine editor. She was born in Kyabram, Victoria in Australia. She was editor of New Idea magazine from 1977 to 1993. Boling was a senior executive of Southdown Press, which later became Pacific Magazines. She served as the chairperson and executive chairman of Southdown Press and Chief Executive Magazines of PMP Limited from 1992 to 1993.
Australian actor Rachel Griffiths played Boling in the Australian Broadcasting Corporation television mini-series Paper Giants: Magazine Wars, a sequel to Paper Giants: The Birth of Cleo.