OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# MEGAL pipeline

The MEGAL pipeline (German: Mittel-Europäische-Gasleitung) is a major natural gas pipeline system in southern Germany. It transports natural gas from the Czech–German and Austrian–German borders to the German–French border.

## History

Construction started in 1975 when Ruhrgas and Gaz de France formed a partnership (Mittel-Europäische-Gasleitungsgesellschaft) for transportation of Russian natural gas to France and southern Germany. The pipeline was commissioned in 1980. The pipeline cost €634 million.
In July 2009, the European Commission fined GDF Suez, now Engie and E.ON €553 million each due to collusion on the MEGAL pipeline. Commission officials claimed there was a deal between the two groups’ predecessor companies – Gaz de France and Ruhrgas – not to sell gas sent via MEGAL into each other's home markets dating from the mid-1970s. The Commission alleged that the companies maintained these arrangements after European gas markets were liberalised despite knowing that the 1975 deal violated competition rules. They are the second largest fines imposed by the European Commission and the first on the energy sector. The decision is contested by both companies, who argue that the business rules in 1975 differed from those of today. In 1975, Ruhrgas and Gaz de France concluded arrangements according to which they agreed not to sell gas in each other's home market. The deal was abandoned in 2005.

## Technical description

The pipeline system is 1,115 kilometres (693 mi) long. It comprises two interconnected pipelines—MEGAL Nord and MEGAL Süd. The MEGAL Nord pipeline consists of two parallel pipelines with a length of 459 kilometres (285 mi) and 449 kilometres (279 mi) from Waidhaus to Medelsheim. It is operated at a pressure of 80 bar (1,160 psi), which is secured by three compressor stations. The capacity of the pipeline is 22 billion cubic metres (777 billion cubic feet) of natural gas per year, or a little more than 60 million cubic metres (2 billion cubic feet) per day.
The 167-kilometre (104 mi)-long MEGAL Süd pipeline between Oberkappel and Schwandorf is operated at a pressure of 67.5 bar (979 psi), which is secured by two compressor stations. The connecting pipeline between MEGAL Nord and MEGAL Süd is 40 kilometres (25 mi) long and it is connected in Rothenstadt and Schwandorf.
The MEGAL pipeline crosses the Trans Europa Naturgas Pipeline and the Remich pipeline at Mittelbrunn, the METG (pipeline from the German-Dutch border) at Gernsheim, and the pipeline going to the Ruhr Industrial Area at Rimpar.

## Ownership

The pipeline is owned by Open Grid Europe (51%) and GRTgaz Deutschland (subsidiary of GRTgaz – 49%). It is operated by Open Grid Europe.
# Rachi, Pieria

Rachi (Greek: Ράχη) is a village of the Katerini municipality. Before the 2011 local government reform it was part of the municipality of Petra. The 2021 census recorded 371 inhabitants in the village. Rachi is a part of the community of Lofos.
# Alina Fyodorova

Alina Fyodorova (Ukrainian: Аліна Федорова; born 31 July 1989) is a Ukrainian athlete competing in heptathlon and women's pentathlon. She has achieved her personal best of 6126 points.
Fyodorova got 21st place at the 2011 World Championships in Daegu, reaching 5908 points.

## Competition record

| Year | Competition | Venue | Position | Event | Notes |
| Representing Ukraine ||||||
| 2007 | European Junior Championships | Kaunas, Lithuania | – | Heptathlon | DNF |
| 2008 | World Junior Championships | Bydgoszcz, Poland | 18th | Heptathlon | 5165 pts |
| 2011 | European U23 Championships | Ostrava, Czech Republic | 6th | Heptathlon | 5896 pts |
| 2011 | World Championships | Daegu, South Korea | 21st | Heptathlon | 5908 pts |
| 2012 | European Championships | Helsinki, Finland | 13th | Heptathlon | 5959 pts |
| 2013 | European Indoor Championships | Gothenburg, Sweden | 8th | Pentathlon | 4420 pts |
| 2014 | World Indoor Championships | Sopot, Poland | 3rd | Pentathlon | 4724 pts |
| 2014 | European Championships | Zürich, Switzerland | – | Heptathlon | DNF |
| 2015 | European Indoor Championships | Prague, Czech Republic | 7th | Pentathlon | 4563 pts |
| 2015 | World Championships | Beijing, China | 17th | Heptathlon | 5978 pts |
| 2016 | World Indoor Championships | Portland, United States | 2nd | Pentathlon | 4770 pts (PB) |
| 2016 | Olympic Games | Rio de Janeiro, Brazil | 28th | Heptathlon | 5038 pts |
# Louis Burleigh Bruhl

Louis Burleigh Bruhl (20 July 1861 – 1942) was an English landscape artist.
Bruhl was born in Bhagdad, Ottoman Empire. He was educated in Vienna and England, and studied medicine at the London Hospital.
Burleigh Bruhl was President of the Dudley Gallery Art Society. and a member of the New Society of Artists; he was also president of the Watercolour Society.
In 1915 he published Essex water-colours which contained a selection of his Essex scenes. His work included publicity posters for the Great Western Railway.
# Jasienica, Police

Jasienica (German: Jasenitz) is a district of Police, Poland, a town in the Pomerania Region. In the High and Late Middle Ages, the village was the site of Jasenitz Abbey, now in ruins.

## Gunica River and a kayak-way

In Jasienica there is a confluence of the Gunica - a small river used as a kayak-way from Węgornik through Tanowo, Tatynia and Wieńkowo. Gunica flows into Oder in the north part of the town of Police.

## Jasienica Abbey

An Augustinian abbey existed from the 14th century until its dissolution during the Protestant Reformation, when the abbeys of the Duchy of Pomerania were turned into secular domains of the local dukes. The buildings are now in ruins. Each year at the end of August there is Augustinian Fair (Polish: Jarmark Augustiański) organized in the area of ruins of the abbey, with parade residents of the estate in historical costumes, lectures, artistic performances and stalls with traditional products.

## Notable residents

* Hans Modrow (1928–2023), politician

## Infrastructure

* Roads:
** from the centre of Police to Trzebież and Nowe Warpno No. 114
** to Tanowo, over Tatynia
* Main streets in a district:
** ul. Jasienicka
** ul. Dworcowa
** ul. Piastów
* Szczecin - Police - Trzebież Railway
* Public transport:
** bus lines 101 (to the Old Town of Police and a centre of Szczecin), 103 (to the Old Town and the New Town of Police and Trzeszczyn, Tanowo, Pilchowo and Szczecin-Głębokie), and 111 (to the Old Town and the New Town of Police)
** LS "linia samorządowa" (different type of ticket) Police - Trzebież
# Reservatum ecclesiasticum

The reservatum ecclesiasticum (Latin, "ecclesiastical reservation"; German: Geistlicher Vorbehalt) was a provision of the Peace of Augsburg of 1555. It exempted ecclesiastical lands from the principle of cuius regio, eius religio (Latin: whose land, his religion), which the Peace established for all hereditary dynastic lands, such as those ruled by princes or dukes. Under this principle, the religion of the ruler would be the religion of the country and of its people, those being his possession by inheritance.
But this same principle would have different consequences if applied in an ecclesiastical realm, such as one ruled by a prince-bishop or an abbot. Such a realm was structurally Catholic, and its ruler was elected or appointed within the Church, having no hereditary rights.
The reservatum ecclesiasticum declared that an ecclesiastical prince who converted to Lutheranism immediately forfeited his authority (which he had received within the Church) and the realm was not converted. His office became vacant and he would be replaced by a Catholic. The measure was inserted into the Peace by Imperial authority, as it was not supported by Protestants. Nonetheless, the Protestants chose not to veto the measure and in return gained the declaratio Ferdinandei that protected Protestant knights and long-established Protestant cities and communities, including those in territories where reservatum ecclesiasticum applied.
The measure was contested in 1583, when the Archbishop-Elector of Cologne, Gebhard Truchsess von Waldburg, converted to Protestantism, specifically to Calvinism, and tried to retain his office. In the resulting Cologne War, Gebhard was supported by the Dutch Republic and the Electorate of the Palatinate. But the war was eventually won by his Catholic replacement, Ernest of Bavaria, supported by his brother William V, Duke of Bavaria, and by Philip II of Spain. The Spanish army, commanded by the Duke of Parma, physically recovered the electoral territory. Ernest's victory upheld the principle of the reservatum ecclesiasticum.
The measure continued to be a source of grievance for Protestants. After the ascension of the emperor Matthias, his new chancellor Melchior Klesl hoped to dissolve the religious alliances of the time — the Protestant Union and the Catholic League — and bring people of all faiths back under the authority of the Emperor. In response, the Protestant Union's Assembly at Rothenburg ob der Tauber voted in March 1613 to not disband while the Catholic League was still in existence, and to ensure certain long-standing grievances were rectified, including the reservatum ecclesiasticum.
# Agios Alexandros

Agios Alexandros (Greek: Άγιος Αλέξανδρος) is a settlement in the northeastern part of the Aegean island of Lemnos, Greece. It is part of the municipal unit of Moudros and the community of Kontopouli. The population was 4 at the 2021 census. It is located north of the Alyki Lagoon, 4 km southwest of Panagia and 5 km northeast of Kontopouli.

## Population

| Year | Population |
| 1951 | 87 |
| 1961 | 76 |
| 1981 | 1 |
| 1991 | 5 |
| 2001 | 13 |
| 2011 | 0 |
| 2021 | 4 |

## Archaeological sites

Agios Alexandros was the most important of a series of villages that existed before in the extended region of Kontopouli, most of which are currently uninhabited. The former Monastery of Chloe was mentioned in a patriarchal document of 1320. The name survived in the nearby promontory of Chloi, west of Agios Alexandros, opposite the ancient city Hephaistia. Here was the ancient sanctuary of the Kaveiron, which was excavated during the 1960s. Possibly, the Christian monastery of Chloe was founded at the site of the ancient sanctuary, which was common in Byzantine times.
In a nearby sea cave prehistoric remains have been found. The cave is commonly called the Cave of Philoctetes although the location is not compatible with the ancient literary sources.

## History

The village probably took its name from Saint Alexander, the patron saint of Lemnos according to manuscripts of the 15th century. The name of the saint survived as the name of the settlement, even though there is no church of Saint Alexander in the village. The main church of the settlement is dedicated to Saint Pachomius.
By the mid-19th century, the area north of Kontopouli was uninhabited. In 1858, the German traveller Conze In 1858 the German traveler Conze found cultivation in major parts of the plain between Cape Plaka and Kontopouli but no settlement. There were only isolated huts, which locals called estates. When the estates passed into Christian ownership, settlements started to develop around them. One of them was Agios Alexandros, first marked on the 1904 map of Fredrich.
It had 34 inhabitants in 1951, 87 in 1961. Between 1959 and 1973 a small public school was operated in the settlement. The school also served pupils from nearby agricultural settlement: Dimosia, Agios Georgios Amniou, Neftina, Saravari and Geranos. It had 32 pupils in 1961. The rise of cotton production in the area brought prosperity to the area, but the decline of cotton production in the 1970s led to mass emigration. It had only one inhabitant in 1981. Presently most inhabitants only spend the summer months in the village.
# Piobetta

Piobetta (French pronunciation:; Corsican: Piubbeta) is a commune in the Haute-Corse department of France on the island of Corsica.
# Malaya Povalikha

Malaya Povalikha (Russian: Малая Повалиха) is a rural locality (a selo) in Novoberezovsky Selsoviet, Pervomaysky District, Altai Krai, Russia. The population was 68 as of 2013. There are 2 streets.

## Geography

Malaya Povalikha is located 76 km northeast of Novoaltaysk (the district's administrative centre) by road. Novoberyozovka is the nearest rural locality.
# Kamchatka Krai Police

The Main Directorate for Internal Affairs of Kamchatka (Russian: Главного управления Министерства внутренних дел Российской Федерации по Камчатский край) or the Police of Kamchatka (Russian: Полиция Камчатки) is the main law enforcement agency in Government of Kamchatka Krai in Far East Russia. The central Headquarters is in Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky.

## History
### Czarist Russia

The Police was formed on May 24, 1902, as Constables Corps of Petropavel County. On June 17, 1909, The Kamchatka Oblast was established and Governor Perfilev formed the local branch of the Ministry for Internal Affairs. In 1913, the police force was formed as a new Gendarmerie. Between March and October 1917, the Politsiya departments were dissolved.

### Soviet Russia

On May 26, 1917, The Militsiya Force of Kamchatka Oblast was formed, and Zavoikinsky and Zakrzhevsky were appointed as new commanders.
On April 29, 1918, the Militsiya become official. On April 1, 1926, the Miltsiya was divided into the next regional departments: Petropavel, Ust-Kamchatska, Bolshers, Karagin, Tigil, Penzhin, Anadyr and Chukotka Militsiya. On June 10, 1934, the Militsiya became a part of NKVD. In 1939 the Traffic police was established.
In 1946, The NKVD Directorate for Kamchatka Oblast was renamed as MVD Directorate for Kamchatka Oblast. During the Cold War, the police gained major structural changes, including the establishments of departments of forensics, economic crimes, investigation, and press.

### Federal Russia

In January 1993, The Directorate for combating Organised Crimes (УБОП) has been established. On May 15 in same year was established The UNON Department (Anti Drugs Department, the processor of FSKN).
On June 1, 1993, the local special force was created as Kamchatka's OMON. On July 5, 1996, the Internal Affairs Departments for Cops Investigations was created to combat the growing corruption.
After the Federal Taxes Police was dissolved, on July 1, 2003, it was decided to create the local Directorate for Tax Crimes. The Police Aviation was formed on April 19, 2004.
In May 2011, the Militsiya was renamed and again it is carrying out the previous Czarist name, Politsiya.

## Structure

* Central Investigation Department
* Department of organization of the Spetsnaz
* Directorate for public order
* Zonal dog service center
* Department for records and mode
* Center for licenses and permits
* Department of inquiry
* Department for regional departments
* Office for Combating Economic Crimes
* Directorate for private security
* Office of the Traffic Police (GAI)
* The Personnel Office
* Department of Internal Security
* The Center for Combating offenses in the consumer market and the implementation of administrative law
* Forensic Center
* Audit Division
* Center for Information Technology, Communications and Information Protection (TsITSiZI)
# Obrąb, Ciechanów County

Obrąb is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Ojrzeń, within Ciechanów County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately 6 kilometres (4 mi) south-west of Ojrzeń, 18 km (11 mi) south-west of Ciechanów, and 68 km (42 mi) north-west of Warsaw.
# Rafael Nazaryan

Rafael Nazaryan (Armenian: Ռաֆայել Նազարյան, born on 26 March 1975 in Yerevan, Soviet Union) is a retired Armenian football midfielder and a current manager. He was a member of the Armenia national team and participated in 23 international matches, scoring 1 goal in an away 1998 World Cup qualification match against Portugal on 20 August 1997. In February 2011 Rafael was appointed as a head coach of the Armenia national youth football team.

## Honours
### As Player

Armenian Premier League: 1993, 2006, 2007
Armenian Cup: 1993, 1994, 1995, 1996–97, 2002, 2004

### As Manager

Armenian Cup: 2012–13
# Amir Slama

Amir Slama is a Brazilian fashion designer. He was the designer, stylist and owner of the Brazilian beach fashion brand Rosa Chá. He now runs a brand under his name, Amir Slama, with stores in São Paulo and Rio de Janeiro.
Amir's father came to Brazil when he was a little over 20 years old to work in the textile business as a trade representative on the 25 de Março street (in the Bom Retiro neighborhood); he later set up his own factory. Before coming to Brazil, his father lived for a few years in Israel, where he met his wife. Amir recalls that his parents spoke in Hebrew between themselves.
Amir was a history professor before establishing his career in the fashion industry; with the help of his wife, he started Rosa Cha. His talent has become known throughout the fashion community with Rosa Cha constantly being editorialized by Vogue, Harper's Bazaar, Elle, W Magazine, Sports Illustrated, Cosmopolitan, and many more.
He became friends with supermodel Naomi Campbell after she visited his shop in São Paulo; Campbell has modeled his collections on the runway ever since.

## Awards

* Brazil's Best Designer of the Year award in 2002 and 2003
# Gaijin 2: Love Me as I Am

Gaijin 2: Love Me As I Am (Portuguese: Gaijin – Ama-me Como Sou) is a 2005 Brazilian drama film directed by Tizuka Yamasaki. It is the sequel of Gaijin: Roads to Freedom (1980), also directed by Yamasaki.
The film is set in 1908 and tells the story of Japanese immigrants who come to work on a coffee plantation in Brazil. There, they will need to adapt to the conditions and exploitations of the farm owners. The film was shot in a scenographic city in Londrina, and in locations of Curitiba, Maringá, Foz do Iguaçu, Paranaguá, and Cambará.

## Plot

In 1908 Titoe (Kyoko Tsukamoto) arrives in Brazil, a Japanese coming to the country in attempt to get money from work and then return to Japan to be able to follow her life in the home country. In 1935, now with her daughter Shinobu (Nobu McCarthy, who died in 2002 during filming) born and without enough money to return to Japan, Titoe decides to buy her first plot of land in Londrina.
The Second World War, and its consequences for Japan end up further delaying Titoe's plans to return to the country, especially after Kazumi and Maria (Tamlyn Tomita), her grandchildren were born. Maria marries Gabriel (Jorge Perrugoría), son of a Spanish father and Italian mother, with whom he has two children: Yoko (Lissa Diniz) and Pedro.
The business of Gabriel is going well, until the seizure made by the Collor Government in 1990 leads to bankruptcy. Without alternatives, Maria and the children will live with Titoe while Gabriel embarks to Kobe, intending to work temporarily and raise money for the family.

## Cast

* Tamlyn Tomita as Maria Yamashita
* Jorge Perugorría as Gabriel Damazo Bravo Salinas
* Nobu McCarthy (in her final film role) as Shinobu Yamashita
** Eda Nagayama as Shinobu Yamashita (young)
* Aya Ono as Titoe Yamashita (née Yamada)
** Kyoko Tsukamoto as Titoe Yamada (young)
* Kissei Kumamoto as Mr. Yamashita / Kazumi
* Luís Melo as Ramon Salina Bravo Salinas
* Zezé Polessa as Gina
* Louise Cardoso as Sofia Damazo Bravo Salinas
* Mariana Ximenes as Weronica Müller
* Lissa Diniz as Yoko Salinas
* Carlos Takeshi as Vicente
* Eijiro Ozaki as Kunihiro
* Felipe Kannenberg as George Müller
* Ken Kaneko as Jiro Kobayashi
* Ryogo Suguimoto as Ken
* Dado Dolabella as Yoko's Friend
# Aligav

Aligav (Persian: علي گاو, also Romanized as ‘Alīgāv; also known as ‘Alīgū and Alkū) is a village in Abbas-e Gharbi Rural District, Tekmeh Dash District, Bostanabad County, East Azerbaijan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 115, in 26 families.
# Movement of National Antifascist Unity

The Movement of National Antifascist Unity (Portuguese: Movimento de Unidade Nacional Antifascista or MUNAF) was a political platform of democratic organizations which fought against the Portuguese authoritarian regime (led by António de Oliveira Salazar). The Movement of National Antifascist Unity was founded in December 1943, shortly after the 3rd Congress of the Portuguese Communist Party, that strongly influenced its creation.
Inside the MUNAF, several tendencies of the democratic resistance were joined together, along with the communists, it also congregated socialists, republicans, Catholics, liberals and monarchists. Several prominent figures of the resistance made part of its leadership, such as Bento de Jesus Caraça, Mário Soares and Norton de Matos.
The MUNAF ended when, in 1945, with a whole new international panorama created by the defeat of the major fascist regimes in World War II, Salazar was forced to fake some democratic changes in order to keep its image at the eyes of the western allies. Thus, in October 1945, the democratic resistance was legally authorized to form a platform. That platform, originated in the MUNAF, was named Movement of Democratic Unity (Portuguese: Movimento de Unidade Democrática, or MUD) and replaced the MUNAF as the major platform of democratic organizations.
# Bulgarian International Air Festival

The Bulgarian International Air Festival (Български Международен Авиационен Фестивал / Balgarski Meschdunaroden Awiazionen Festiwal / Bulgarisches Internationales Luftfahrt Festival; BIAF (Bulgarian: БИАФ)) is an international airshow held on Krumovo Airbase, the military part of Plovdiv International Airport. It has been held every 2 years since 2007. The latest event was the 20th, 22nd, 27th, 28th, 29 September and the 2nd, 4th, 5th & 6 October 2013.

## BIAF 2011

The theme of this year's show was 100 Years of the Bulgarian Airforce
The show was divided into 3 section :
* The Past : Albatros, Kaproni, Dar-1, Laz-7 and Ме-109.
* The Present : Galeb, Swiss Air Force PC 7 Team, BGR AF heute
* The Future : JAS 39 Grippen, Eurofighter Typhoon and MiG-29OVT.
As usual several neighbouring and coalition countries took part in the show with their Airforces.
Dynamic display from:
* Bulgarian Air Force – G 21, MiG 29A, PC9M, C 27J, Mi 17, Mi 24, Bell 206, AS 532AL, SU 25K
* Swiss Air Force – PC 7 Team
* Bulgarian Air Sport Ltd : Pitts – S2B LZ–AIR, Piper Dakota Turbo PA-28-201T
* Bulgarian organization for flight education Ratan LZ-TSA – Sting 2000 RG; LZ-RSS – Sting 2000; LZ-HPM – Sting 2000
* Romanian Air Force – IAR 99 SOIM
* German Air Force – EF Typhoon
* Russia, RSK MiG – MiG 29M ОVT
Static display from:
* Bulgarian Air Force – Mi 17, C-27J, PC 9M, SU 25 UBK, AS 532AL, MiG 21, MiG 29 UB
* Bulgarian Association of Light Aviation
* Bulgarian Aeromodeling Federation
* АК Galeb, Serbia – Galeb
* Flying club "Hawks", Romania
* Swedish Air Force - Gripen JAS 39
* Romanian Air Force – C 27J
* Italian Air Force – EF Typhoon
* Greek Air Force – Т 6
* German Air Force – С160 Transall

## Gold Sponsors

with their own pavilion
* SAAB – Sweden
* EADS / CASSIDIAN – Germany
* Lockheed Martin – USA
* Diehl Defence- Germany
# Sukhur-e Kohzad

Sukhvor-e Kohzad (Persian: سوخوركهزاد, also Romanized as Sūkhvor-e Kohzād and Sūkhūr-e Kohzād; also known as Sūkhvor Gahzād) is a village in Heydariyeh Rural District, Govar District, Gilan-e Gharb County, Kermanshah Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 355, in 80 families.
# Fattahabad, Kurdistan

Fattahabad (Persian: فتاح آباد, also Romanized as Fattāḩābād and Fatāḩābād) is a village in Zarrineh Rural District, Karaftu District, Divandarreh County, Kurdistan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 221, in 40 families. The village is populated by Kurds.
# Qeshlaq-e Sufi Qadir

Qeshlaq-e Sufi Qadir (Persian: قشلاق صوفي قدير, also Romanized as Qeshlāq-e Şūfī Qadīr) is a village in Qeshlaq-e Sharqi Rural District, Qeshlaq Dasht District, Bileh Savar County, Ardabil Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 38, in 11 families.