# Where in the Universe Is Carmen Sandiego?

Where in the Universe Is Carmen Sandiego? (also known as Carmen I) is an educational planetarium program and live theatrical production and part of the Carmen Sandiego franchise. Licensed to planetariums across the US, Canada, and Japan, the show premiered in 1998 or 1999. The program featured the effects work of Adrian Ropp and was produced by Dr. William A. Gutsch, with music composed by Mark Mercury. Inspired by the successful television programs Where in the World Is Carmen Sandiego? and Where in Time Is Carmen Sandiego?, the series aimed to promote listening and math skills through interactive sessions rather than relying on memorized facts. The shows encouraged audience participation by incorporating question-and-answer segments.
A sequel, Where in the Universe is Carmen Sandiego? - II (also known as Carmen II), was subsequently developed. These shows introduced various astronomical concepts, including stars, star clusters, stellar evolution, black holes, and the Milky Way Galaxy. Both productions featured Lynne Thigpen as "The Chief" and Rita Moreno as Carmen Sandiego, reprising their roles from the franchise's TV shows and video games. Carmen II was reportedly in production as of 2000. The shows continued until at least 2013. The recommended audience for the 55-minute show was grades 2–4. The show was hosted by an actor and incorporated music and graphics inspired by the PBS game shows Where in the World Is Carmen Sandiego? and Where in Time Is Carmen Sandiego?.

## Conception

The inception of the Where in the Universe Is Carmen Sandiego? programs was influenced by the success of the television programs Where in the World Is Carmen Sandiego? and Where in Time Is Carmen Sandiego?. Dr. William Gutsch, the creative force behind the planetarium shows, aimed to develop an engaging and educational experience that mirrored the popular TV shows but with an emphasis on astronomy and space science.
Gutsch's vision was to create a fast-paced "quiz show in outer space" that would not only entertain but also foster and hone essential skills, including listening and math abilities. Unlike traditional trivia-based quiz shows, the goal was to encourage audiences to think critically and apply their knowledge while actively participating in the show's activities.
The inspiration for the incorporation of recognized characters and interactive elements came from Gutsch's prior successful endeavors, such as the production of Wonderful Sky with the Sesame Street Muppets in collaboration with The Children’s Television Workshop, and Robots in Space featuring Star Wars’ R2D2 and 3-CP0 in conjunction with Lucasfilm. These experiences laid the foundation for the unique format that would define the Carmen planetarium programs.
The creation of the shows also involved collaboration with various sources, including Broderbund Software, Inc., Sky-Skan, Inc., Evan & Sutherland, and a team of talented animators. This collaborative effort allowed the incorporation of state-of-the-art 3-D color computer animation, a distinguishing feature that contributed to the success and appeal of the programs.
Where in the Universe Is Carmen Sandiego? marked Carmen Sandiego's second venture into the realm of outer space, following the earlier video game titled Where in Space Is Carmen Sandiego?, which was released in 1993. This expansion into the cosmos allowed the franchise to delve into astronomy education while maintaining the essence of its character-driven storytelling.
The success of the initial Carmen I program paved the way for the development of its sequel, Carmen II. Building on the achievements of the first show, Carmen II expanded its focus to explore more complex astronomical topics, offering an even richer educational experience. The positive reception and impact of both programs demonstrated the viability of combining entertainment, education, and interactivity within a planetarium setting.

## Development

The development of the Where in the Universe Is Carmen Sandiego? programs involved a collaborative effort among various institutions, animators, and creative professionals to bring the envisioned planetarium experiences to life. Dr. William Gutsch, the driving force behind the projects, worked closely with contributors to craft a unique blend of entertainment and education.
To fund the production of the inaugural program, a consortium comprising eight planetariums from the United States and Canada was formed under Gutsch's direction. Each institution contributed $7200 to the production budget, enabling the creation of the first installment, Carmen I. Animation for the show was sourced from multiple entities, including Broderbund Software, Inc., Sky-Skan, Inc., and Evan & Sutherland. Notably, the production made use of state-of-the-art 3-D color computer animation, which was a key factor in the program's visual appeal and impact.
The production process involved recording video of talent in costume and makeup on a large Ultimat sound stage located in New Jersey. Backgrounds and special effects were incorporated in post-production to enhance the visual experience. Additionally, Rockapella, known for their involvement in the Carmen television series, contributed five-part harmonies to the program's sound. The musical elements were recorded at a New York sound studio and mixed down for presentation. Final video and audio components were meticulously assembled on formats like D1 and Betacam SP, and ultimately converted to laser discs for distribution.
Visual realism was achieved through the creation of 3-D models by Brian Sullivan, which were then illuminated and photographed by individual planetariums to tailor the visuals to their specific projection systems. The collaborative efforts of the consortium institutions extended to the production of supplementary materials, including a full-color show poster and a comprehensive Teacher’s Guide featuring pre- and post-visit activities.
The remarkable success of the first program enabled the production of a sequel, Carmen II. Expanding upon the achievements of its predecessor, Carmen II delved into more advanced astronomical subjects, featuring over 30 minutes of original 3-D character and astronomical special effects animation. The sequel's development maintained the core elements of the original while enhancing both the quantity and quality of animation, resulting in an engaging and immersive experience for audiences.

### Design

The design of Where in the Universe Is Carmen Sandiego? was a collaborative effort aimed at merging entertainment and education within a planetarium setting.
The program drew inspiration from successful television shows like Where in the World Is Carmen Sandiego? and Where in Time Is Carmen Sandiego?. The goal was to adapt their engaging format for the planetarium, emphasizing listening and math skills and encouraging active audience participation.
Funding for the program's development came from a consortium of eight planetariums across the United States and Canada. This financial support enabled the integration of animation sources from Broderbund Software, Inc., Sky-Skan, Inc., and Evan & Sutherland.
Visual authenticity was a key focus in the program's design. Brian Sullivan created intricate 3D models of panoramas and all-sky environments, which were captured through photography by individual planetariums. This ensured that the visuals were tailored to specific projection systems. The program utilized video effects, computer animations, NASA footage, and All Sky ship interiors to encourage participation and problem-solving.
The use of advanced 3D color computer animation was central to enhancing the educational experience. This technology allowed for dynamic visuals that engaged the audience. Throughout the design process, a balance was maintained between animation quality and cost-effectiveness, ensuring accessibility for various planetariums.
Lynne Thigpen portrayed "The Chief," a central figure at the Acme Detective Agency. Thigpen reprised her role from the Carmen Sandiego television shows and video games, adding continuity to the franchise. She appeared in the programs until her death on March 12, 2003.
Rita Moreno portrayed the titular character Carmen Sandiego, capturing the essence of the character as seen in other adaptations.
The programs also featured live actors who engaged with the audience, facilitating discussions and presenting the educational content. This interaction added to the immersive experience, enhancing the educational value of the programs.

### Sequel development

The development of the sequel to Where in the Universe Is Carmen Sandiego?, titled Where in the Universe Is Carmen Sandiego? - II, aimed to extend the educational and interactive aspects of the original program within the planetarium context.
The conception of Carmen II was driven by the desire to expand upon the success of the first program. It aimed to delve deeper into the realm of astronomy and space exploration, providing audiences with a more comprehensive understanding of the universe's intricacies.
The development of Carmen II involved collaboration between various contributors and institutions. Funding was secured from affiliated planetariums, animators, and production facilities, all aiming to enhance the sequel's production values. This collective support allowed for the incorporation of over 30 minutes of original 3D character and astronomical special effects animation, elevating the visual and immersive aspects of the program.
One of the distinguishing features of Carmen II was its extended scope of topics. While the first program primarily focused on the solar system, the sequel ventured into more complex astronomical concepts. These included stars, multiple stars, star clusters, stellar evolution, supernovae, neutron stars, black holes, and insights into the structure of the Milky Way Galaxy.
The design features of Carmen II were carefully crafted to create an engaging and informative experience. Building on the interactive quiz-show format established in the first program, the sequel continued to encourage audience participation. This approach allowed viewers to actively engage with the content, answer questions, and accumulate points, fostering critical thinking skills in a dynamic manner.

## Release

Where in the Universe Is Carmen Sandiego? programs, notably Carmen I and its sequel Carmen II, were strategically distributed and showcased in planetariums across the United States, Canada, and Japan. The release and distribution strategies were instrumental in reaching diverse audiences and making the educational experiences accessible to a wide range of viewers.
Following the successful production of Carmen I, the program was premiered at various planetarium venues. Notably, the Omniplex and Reservoir were among the venues that hosted the premiere, with the former marking the release in 1998. The show was met with positive reception, captivating audiences with its unique blend of entertainment and educational content. Carmen I successfully engaged viewers by encouraging active participation through question-answering sessions, ultimately fostering learning and enjoyment.
Carmen II, the sequel, also underwent strategic distribution efforts. The program's content, which delved into advanced astronomical subjects, aimed to engage and educate audiences of varying age groups. The show's production values were enhanced compared to its predecessor, maintaining the successful interactive model that encouraged participation and learning. Institutions that were part of the consortium played a crucial role in contributing not only to the funding but also to the animation and overall development of Carmen II. The collaboration resulted in a program that was visually captivating and intellectually stimulating.

### Viewing figures

Both programs enjoyed successful viewing figures across the planetariums where they were showcased. Audiences in the United States, Canada, and Japan experienced the immersive educational content provided by the Carmen series. The engaging format, which combined interactive elements with visually captivating 3D animations, attracted viewers of various age groups, enhancing their understanding of astronomy and space exploration.
The programs' impact was also evident in their attendance records. In several planetariums, Carmen I and Carmen II not only surpassed attendance records for IMAX movies but also increased overall annual attendance figures by as much as 97%. The engaging content and unique format contributed to these impressive attendance boosts, highlighting the effectiveness of the Carmen series in attracting and engaging audiences.
Additionally, the Carmen programs were praised by educators, teachers, and parents for their ability to provide informative content in an entertaining manner. The programs' emphasis on fostering critical thinking skills and promoting active engagement resonated with both educational professionals and families seeking enriching experiences.
While specific sales figures for the programs themselves are not readily available, the success of Carmen I generated sufficient funds to support the development of its sequel, Carmen II. The collaborative efforts of various planetarium institutions, animators, and production facilities ensured the creation of a sequel that expanded on the visual and educational aspects of the original program, further contributing to the Carmen series' impact on planetarium audiences.

## Plot and gameplay

Where in the Universe Is Carmen Sandiego? employed an engaging plot and interactive gameplay to educate and entertain its audience within a planetarium environment.
The program's narrative centered around the titular character, Carmen Sandiego, a master thief known for stealing astronomical objects. In the sequel, Where in the Universe Is Carmen Sandiego? - II, Carmen's escapades continued as she aimed to steal the black hole at the center of the Milky Way Galaxy. The plot was driven by Carmen's elaborate heists and the audience's mission to track her down and bring her to justice.
Audience participation was a central element of the program. Similar to the TV shows that inspired it, the planetarium program adopted a quiz-show format set in outer space. Instead of relying on memorized facts, the audience engaged in active learning by answering questions to score points. This approach aimed to foster critical thinking and reinforce listening and math skills.
The immersive experience was enhanced by incorporating over 30 minutes of original 3D character and astronomical special effects animation. This visual aspect contributed to the program's appeal to both children and adults. The animation depicted celestial bodies, stars, multiple stars, star clusters, and other astronomical phenomena, reinforcing the educational content of the show.
The sequel, Where in the Universe Is Carmen Sandiego? - II, expanded the scope of topics covered. While the first program focused on the solar system, the sequel delved into more advanced subjects such as stellar evolution, supernovae, neutron stars, and black holes. The incorporation of these topics aimed to provide a comprehensive understanding of space and astronomy.

## Critical reception
### Where in the Universe Is Carmen Sandiego?

Where in the Universe Is Carmen Sandiego? received positive critical reception for its innovative approach to educational planetarium programming. The program's unique blend of interactive gameplay, captivating 3D animations, and educational content garnered praise from educators, planetarium professionals, and audiences.
Educators lauded the program's ability to engage and educate audiences of all ages. By combining a quiz-show style with astronomy-themed questions, the program effectively encouraged active participation and critical thinking among viewers. This interactive approach was particularly well-received as it facilitated a dynamic learning experience within a planetarium setting.
Planetarium professionals noted that the program's integration of recognized characters from popular media, such as Carmen Sandiego, helped bridge the gap between entertainment and education. This approach effectively captured the attention of audiences, making the learning process more engaging and memorable. Furthermore, the use of cutting-edge 3D animations added a visually stunning element to the program, enhancing the overall experience.

### Where in the Universe Is Carmen Sandiego? - II

The sequel, Where in the Universe Is Carmen Sandiego? - II, continued the trend of positive critical reception established by its predecessor. The program's expansion into more advanced astronomical topics and its inclusion of 3D character animations were particularly well-received.
Critics praised the sequel for delving deeper into the realm of astronomy, covering topics such as stars, stellar evolution, and the Milky Way Galaxy. The program's ability to present complex concepts in an accessible and engaging manner was highlighted as a significant strength. Viewers and educators appreciated the program's ability to foster an understanding of advanced astronomical concepts among audiences of various age groups.
The inclusion of over 30 minutes of original 3D character and astronomical animations further enhanced the sequel's visual appeal. Critics and audiences alike found these animations to be visually captivating and a valuable addition to the educational content. The program's ability to seamlessly integrate entertainment and learning through these animations was acknowledged as a notable achievement.
The sequel achieved noteworthy success, with a production cost of $6200 for each consortium participant and subsequent purchaser, a significantly lower amount compared to the potential animation expenses that could have exceeded $200,000. The achievements of both Carmen I and Carmen II underscored the effective production and fiscal models employed in the creation of educational planetarium programming.

## Legacy

Where in the Universe Is Carmen Sandiego? and its sequel, Where in the Universe Is Carmen Sandiego? - II, have become noteworthy components of the broader Carmen Sandiego franchise. These planetarium programs creatively merge astronomy education with storytelling, expanding the franchise's reach and providing an immersive educational experience.
The programs' continued operation until at least 2013, and their commitment to education and engagement has been acknowledged by respected organizations like the International Planetarium Society.