OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Final form

In certain languages, the final form or terminal form is a special character used to represent a letter only when it occurs at the end of a word. Some languages that use final form characters are: Arabic, Hebrew, Manchu and one letter in Greek (ς).
The lowercase Latin letter "s" had separate medial (ſ) and final (s) in the orthographies of many European languages from the medieval period to the early 19th century; it survived in the German Fraktur script until the 1940s.

## Hebrew

In the Hebrew alphabet the final form is called sofit (Hebrew: סופית, meaning "final" or "ending").
Hebrew letters that have a final form :
| Letter name | Non-final | Final (sofit) |
| Mem | מ‎ | ם‎ |
| Nun | נ‎ | ן‎ |
| Tsadi | צ‎ | ץ‎ |
| Pe | פ‎ | ף‎ |
| Kaf | כ‎ | ך‎ |
This set of letters is known acronymically as אותיות מנצפ"ך‎ (מ, נ, צ, פ, ך‎ letters).
The now final forms ן ץ ף ך‎ predate their non-final counterparts; They were the default forms used in any position within a word. Their descender eventually bent forwards when preceding another letter to facilitate writing. A final form of these letters is also called pshuta (פשוטה‎, meaning extended or plain).
The letter Mem also had a descender 𐡌‎, however, its current final form ם‎ was a variant of מ‎ used interchangeably in all positions. The standardization is mentioned in the Babylonian Talmud (Megillah 2b-3a and Shabbas 104a). One instance of a medial ם‎ is preserved in Isaiah 9:6 of the Hebrew Bible, while Nehemiah 2:13 and arguably Genesis 49:19–20 have a final מ‎.
Modern Hebrew uses the forms פ כ‎ finally, when transcribing a plosive pronunciation, for example מיקרוסקופ‎ (microscope), מובארכ‎ (Mubarak, مبارك), while their final forms ף ך‎, are transcribing a fricative pronunciation, for example כך‎ (Kach), שף‎ (Chef).
# Opera Atelier

Opera Atelier is an opera company located in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. It was founded in 1985. The company mounts baroque operas and ballets from the 17th and 18th centuries that are presented in venues located in Toronto's Theatre District. For many years, their productions have been performed at the Elgin Theatre.
Patricia Barretto served as the executive director from 2011 to 2015. The company has performed baroque operas in New York, Houston, Stuttgart, Bremen, London, Singapore, Seoul, and Tokyo, and at the Glimmerglass Festival and Chateau de Versailles, France. Opera Atelier received a number of Lieutenant Governor's Awards for the Arts before these were discontinued in 2003.
Opera Atelier presents two full operas per year and tours internationally biennially. They use period instruments, as well as sets and costume designs that reflect the aesthetics of the epoch.
Opera Atelier has collaborated with other music organizations in Toronto, including the Tafelmusik Baroque Orchestra (Opera Atelier's pit orchestra for performances at the Elgin Theatre) and the Royal Conservatory of Music. The organization also benefits from funding from the Toronto Arts Council.
# Tom Brady (film director)

Thomas Adam Brady (born September 2, 1964) is an American filmmaker and producer best known for directing and co-writing the fantasy comedy film The Hot Chick (2002), and co-founding Tiki Tāne Pictures.

## Career

Brady was raised in New Jersey. He began writing and acting during high school, earning him a scholarship to Harvard College. At Harvard, where he graduated in 1986 with a B.A. in English Literature, Brady acted in and directed various theater productions, and began writing his own plays and screenplays. Afterwards, he attended the theater department of the University of Hawaiʻi to get a Master of Fine Arts - Directing.
After being invited to work for Mike Reiss and Al Jean, Brady went on to write and produce episodes of The Critic and The Simpsons, which he would follow with other television work such as Home Improvement, Men Behaving Badly, Sports Night, and Good Vibes. Film credits include The Animal, The Hot Chick, The Comebacks, and Bucky Larson: Born to Be a Star. Tom was Executive Producer of the FX television series Chozen.
# Donald Cock

Donald James Cock (10 July 1896 – 31 August 1974) was an English footballer. He was the younger brother of England international Jack Cock and his other brother Herbert was also a footballer.
Born in Hayle, Cornwall, Cock started his professional career with Brentford during World War I. A striker, he moved to Fulham in 1919. In three seasons with the Second Division club, he averaged a goal every other game, and was the club's leading goalscorer in 1919–20 and 1920–21. He moved to Notts County in October 1922 and played nearly 100 games in three seasons there, being the club's top scorer in 1922–23 and 1923–24, winning the Second Division title in the former.
Cock's exploits at Notts County earned the eye of Arsenal and he was signed by Leslie Knighton in March 1925, making his debut for Arsenal against Bolton Wanderers on 7 March 1925. However, in his next match, against his former club Notts County at Meadow Lane, he was tackled strongly and broke his leg. He was out of action for five months and could not find favour under new manager Herbert Chapman. Cock only played one more game for Arsenal before being sold to Clapton Orient in October 1925.
Cock regained his form at Orient, becoming top scorer for the Second Division side in 1925–26 and 1926–27 before finishing his career with brief stints at Wolves and Newport County in 1927. He retired from professional football, aged 31, soon after. He died in 1974, aged 78.
# Romanów, Gostynin County

Romanów is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Pacyna, within Gostynin County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately 5 kilometres (3 mi) east of Pacyna, 26 km (16 mi) south-east of Gostynin, and 84 km (52 mi) west of Warsaw.
# Flying Hero Class

Flying Hero Class is a 1991 thriller novel by the Australian author Thomas Keneally.

## Synopsis

On a flight between New York and Frankfurt Australian Aboriginal dance troupe, the Barrarnatjara, find themselves hostages after their plane is hijacked by a group of Palestinians.

## Critical reception

Mark Thomas, writing in The Canberra Times noted: "Flying Hero Class is meant to combine a political thriller with a morality play. The components of the thriller are obvious enough, especially if you have ever worried about being blown out into the atmosphere at 30,000 feet...The morality play reflects Keneally's interest in the proposition that Aborigines might prove sympathetic to Palestinians complaining about their loss of a homeland. Keneally's halves are not equally balanced. The thriller bits limp and creak; the novel is too much talk and too little action...But this novel has quieter charms. Keneally is a keen, kind observer of life, and his characters (including the bit parts) are cleverly drawn."

## Publishing history

After the novel's initial publication in UK by Hodder and Stoughton in 1991, it was reprinted as follows:
* Warner Books, USA, 1991
* Sceptre, UK, 1991
* Coronet, Australia, 1992
# Al-Qa'im District

Al-Qa'im District (Arabic: قضاء القائم) is a district in Al Anbar Governorate, Iraq, on the border with Syria. It is centred on the town of Al-Qa'im. The Euphrates river flows through it. At its western end, in the city of Husaybah, is the Al-Qa'im border crossing to Abu Kamal in Syria's Deir ez-Zor Governorate.

## Cities

* Al-Qa'im
* Al-Karābilah
* Al Ubaidi
* Al Ramanah
# Malak Sechko Cove

Malak Sechko Cove (Bulgarian: залив Малък Сечко, romanized: zaliv Malak Sechko, IPA:) is the 1.8 km wide cove indenting for 760 m the northwest coast of Guangzhou Peninsula on Nelson Island in the South Shetland Islands, Antarctica north of Harmony Point. The area was visited by early 19th century sealers.
The feature is named after the Bulgarian mythical figure Malak (little) Sechko associated with winter and cold, in relation to working in the harsh Antarctic environment.

## Location

Malak Sechko Cove is centred at 62°17′50″S 59°13′50″W﻿ / ﻿62.29722°S 59.23056°W﻿ / -62.29722; -59.23056. British mapping of the area in 1968.

## Maps

* Livingston Island to King George Island. Scale 1:200000. Admiralty Nautical Chart 1776. Taunton: UK Hydrographic Office, 1968
* South Shetland Islands. Scale 1:200000 topographic map No. 3373. DOS 610 - W 62 58. Tolworth, UK, 1968
* Isla Nelson - Punta Armonía. Shetland del Sur. Escala 1:5000. Servicio Geográfico Militar del Uruguay, 1986
* Antarctic Digital Database (ADD). Scale 1:250000 topographic map of Antarctica. Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research (SCAR). Since 1993, regularly upgraded and updated
# Gordon Anderson (footballer)

Gordon Anderson (16 September 1924 – 19 June 1965) was an Australian rules footballer who played with Hawthorn in the Victorian Football League (VFL).
Anderson was a follower and forward, secured by Hawthorn from Blackburn. He had served in the Royal Australian Air Force during World War II.
Anderson was Hawthorn's leading goal-kicker in the 1950 VFL season, with 21 goals, two clear from full-forward Albert Prior, who had played only seven games.
Anderson left Hawthorn in 1952, to coach Surrey Hills.
# Ilona Mokronowska

Ilona Mokronowska (born 11 June 1972 in Poznań) is a Polish lightweight rower.
# Paradis, Iran

Paradis (Persian: پاراديس, also Romanized as Pārādīs) is a village in Sardasht Rural District, Zeydun District, Behbahan County, Khuzestan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 45, in 10 families.
# Şeyh Süleyman Mosque

Şeyh Süleyman Mosque (Turkish: Şeyh Süleyman Mescidi) is a mosque in Istanbul converted from a former Byzantine building which was part of the Eastern Orthodox Pantokrator Monastery. Its usage during the Byzantine era is unclear. The small building is a minor example of architecture of the Byzantine middle period in Constantinople.

## Location

The structure is located in Zeyrek Sokak, in the district of Fatih, in the neighborhood of Zeyrek, about 120 meters southwest of the former Pantokrator Church, now part of the Mosque of Zeyrek.

## History

Nothing is known about the history of this small octagonal building before 1453. Almost certainly it was part of the great Monastery of Christ Pantokrator, erected between 1118 and 1124 by Byzantine Empress Irene Komnene. According to some scholars it could have been a burial place, while others think that it was the library of the monastery.
Shortly after the Fall of Constantinople in 1453, under Mehmed II, the building was converted into a mosque by Şeyh Süleyman Halîfe (?–1491). In any case, the instrument endowing the corresponding waqf is missing. After the great fire of 1756 the building was restored during the reign of Sultan Mustafa III (r. 1757-74) by Kazgan Asan Aĝa, and assigned to the nearby medrese.

## Description

The building has a square plan and is topped by a low octagonal dome with pendentives. Inside the building four niches are located in the corners. Underground there is a burial crypt with eight niches covered by a dome vault. The masonry of the lower part is made of ashlar, while in the upper part it consists of bricks. A Byzantine cistern is still extant close to the building.
# Romualdów

Romualdów is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Wieniawa, within Przysucha County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately 7 kilometres (4 mi) north-west of Wieniawa, 8 km (5 mi) north-east of Przysucha, and 93 km (58 mi) south of Warsaw.
Romualdów was the location of a motte-and-bailey castle from the 13th-14th century, which is now an archaeological site.
# Sufan-e Olya

Sufan-e Olya (Persian: سوفان عليا, also Romanized as Sūfān-e ‘Olyā, Sofān-e ‘Olyā, and Soofan ‘Olya; also known as Soffān-e Bālā and Şūfān-e Bālā) is a village in Miyan Ab-e Shomali Rural District, in the Central District of Shushtar County, Khuzestan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 138, in 27 families.
# Ad Dimaniyat Islands

The Ad Dimaniyat Islands are a protected area in the Gulf of Oman.

## History

The islands are mentioned in the Periplus of the Erythraean Sea as the Calaei Islands being derived from Kalhat, a former major Phoenician trade city north of Sur that acted as a last stop for trade to and from Arabia and India. It is suggested that the natives of the city migrated to Kalat which shares a similar name.

## Geography

The Nature Reserve is located in Wilayat AlSeeb in the Muscat Governorate and lies about 18 kilometres (11 mi) off the coast of Barka (70 kilometres (43 mi) west of Muscat, the capital). It is composed of nine islands with a total area of 100 hectares (250 acres). Locally, the islands go by the names Kharabah, Huyoot, Al Jabal Al Kabeer (Um As Sakan). The latter is divided into two islands: Um Al Liwahah (Minaret) and Al Jawn, which includes three islands.

## Environment

The reserve has a rich natural heritage with several kinds of coral reefs, including some examples that are quite rare. The island is home to a large number of sea turtles that lay their eggs and nest there, as well as being a magnet for migratory and resident birds.

### Important Bird Area

The archipelago has been designated an Important Bird Area (IBA) by BirdLife International because it supports breeding sooty gulls, bridled, roseate and white-cheeked terns, as well as sooty falcons. Green and hawksbill sea turtles nest on the beaches.

## Access

Fans of camping and diving now pay more for their satisfaction, after the decree of the Ministry of Environmental Protection and Climate Affairs. Expatriates pay OMR10, while locals pay OMR5. Before the new rule, everyone paid OMR1 for entering the islands, OMR3 for diving, OMR5 for camping or OMR7 for the whole package.
Under the new law, non-Omanis will have to pay OMR3 per day for a visit, OMR6 for diving and OMR10 for diving and overnight camping. Approval of the Ministry of Environmental Protection and Climate Affairs is required to visit the islands, which was also the case with the previous law. Stay on the island is allowed for a maximum of 5 days, and the number in the group must not exceed 12 people.
# Bernstein Castle

Bernstein Castle (Hungarian: Borostyánkő vára) is a historical building in Bernstein im Burgenland, Austria, first mentioned in the 13th century.

## History

In 860 the whole region was part of the archbishopric of Salzburg. Erimbert, a liege of the archbishopric, handed over the Pinka to one Jacobus. The village name Rettenbach was not mentioned yet, but the old Slavic name of the nearby hamlet Grodnau (meaning "the village belonging to the castle") is a sign of the existence of a nearby castle, identifiable with castle Bernstein. Bernstein Castle is 615 metres (2,018 ft) above sea level.
Since 1199 the castle was part of Hungary. It is not exactly known when the castle was handed over to Frederick II, Duke of Austria, and how long it was his property; but in 1236 Béla IV of Hungary conquered the castle. Some years later (in 1260) he gave it to count Henry I Kőszegi.
In 1336 the counts of Güssing and Bernstein were defeated by the Hungarian King Charles Robert of Anjou, and the castle of Bernstein became part of the Hungarian Kingdom. In 1388 the castle was given to the Kanizsai family. In 1482 it became property of Matthias Corvinus of Hungary for a short time; in 1487 Hans von Königsberg received the castle from Emperor Frederick III.
In 1529 the Turks besieged the castle, but they were not able to capture it. Another unsuccessful siege by the Turks followed in 1532. On that occasion the ring of bastions was erected in order to change the castle into a refuge.
In 1604 castle Bernstein was unsuccessfully besieged for weeks by a combined army consisting of Hungarians, Turks, and Tatars under the leadership of Stephen Bocskay. Due to an explosion of the gunpowder storeroom, in 1617 Ludwig Königsberg ordered the rebuilding of the Gothic inner part of the castle in Baroque style. The keep and towers were eliminated. A short time later (1644) Ehrenreich Christoph Königsberg sold the sovereignty and the castle to Count Ádám Batthyány. In 1864 Gustav Batthyány sold the castle to his manciple Edward O'Egan, whose heirs finally sold the castle to Eduard von Almásy. His family currently owns the castle. In 1953 a part of the castle was turned into a hotel and restaurant.
* South view of the Bernstein Castle
* Inner gate of Bernstein Castle
* Outer courtyard of Bernstein Castle
# Ligovsky Pond

Ligovsky Pond (Russian: Лиговский пруд) was an artificial lake that existed in Ligovo, suburb of Saint Petersburg (Russia) from 1716–1941.
In 1703, Peter I was based the city of Saint Petersburg. This area became a capital suburb. In 1710s emperor gook part in the destiny of the settlement. It was enjoined to block the Dudergofka river in 1715. On a dam a watermill which specialised on flour-grinding and felting works was constructed.
Simultaneously the Ligovsky channel was built. It diverted an essential source of water from Dudergofka and its reservoir became a source of water for Ligovo. At that time the surrounding district represented imperial grange for palace maintenance with foodstuffs, including a dairy farm and gardens.
In 1765 Grigory Orlov became the owner of the district. On the western coast of a pond were the house with landing stage and economic activity. On the east coast the manour house where Orlov accepted Russian empress Catherine II was constructed.
After Orlov died in 1783, Ligovo was inherited by his pupil Natalia Alekseeva. She married Orlov's aide-de-camp Friedrich Wilhelm von Buxhoeveden. In the 1840s the manor of Buxhoeveden passed to count G. G. Kushelev-Bezbordko (younger), it continued useful agricultural activity, and Ligovo became an agricultural manor. A network of avenues and paths created specific hills and ponds were excavated. The house has a connected covered transition to kitchen. To the north were zones for an orchard with greenhouses, stables, the bird's and cattle courtyard. The lakeshore was improved by architect A. Stackenschneider. He added a terrace, a path from the house to lake, and a grotto on Love Island.
After Kushelev-Bezbordko's death the manor gradually fell into decay. In 1857 the Baltic railway arrived. By the end of the 1870s vicinities Ligovsky pond became a holiday area.
During the October Revolution in 1917 the lake, a dam and a mill were supported. After that the mill stopped. Waterfalls fell from the dam.
The pond mirror was supported by a mill dam until 1941. On 5 December 1941 German armies destroyed the dam on the approach to Leningrad. After the Second World War hydraulic work was not restored. A ravine overgrown with bush became dominant. The former lake was not developed and became a memorial zone for the 700 men who died defending the area. Nearby an Orthodox church is under construction.
# Tennis Federation of Armenia

The Tennis Federation of Armenia (Armenian: Հայաստանի թենիսի ֆեդերացիա), also known as the Armenian Tennis Federation, is the regulating body of tennis in Armenia, governed by the Armenian Olympic Committee. The headquarters of the federation is located in Yerevan.

## History

The Tennis Federation of Armenia was established in 1940. Harutyun Pambukyan is the current president. The Federation oversees the training of tennis specialists and organizes Armenia's participation in European and international level tennis competitions. The Federation is a full member of the International Tennis Federation and Tennis Europe.

## Activities

The Federation manages several tennis clubs across Armenia and organizes annual tennis tournaments. The Federation also manages the Armenia Davis Cup team, which itself sends tennis athletes to participate in the Davis Cup. Meanwhile, the Armenia Billie Jean King Cup team, also managed by the Federation, is responsible for sending athletes to compete in the Billie Jean King Cup.
# Koper railway station

Koper railway station (Slovene: Železniška postaja Koper, Italian: Stazione ferroviaria di Capodistria) is a railway station in Koper, Slovenia.
# Doug Pimbley

Douglas William Pimbley (19 June 1917 – 1988) was an English professional footballer who played in the Football League for Birmingham City and Notts County. He played as a forward.
Pimbley was born in the Kings Norton district of Birmingham. He had played for Stourbridge, was on Leicester City's books as an amateur, and served abroad in the Army for four and a half years, before joining Birmingham City in July 1946. A physically powerful player, he appeared only twice for Birmingham's first team. His debut came on 7 April 1947, deputising for George Edwards at outside left in a 2–0 home win against Newcastle United in the Second Division. He moved on to Notts County, for whom he played 23 league games, one of which was County's all-time record league win, 11–1 against Newport County in January 1949; Pimbley, playing at inside left, was involved in several of the goals but failed to get on the scoresheet himself.
# Lavici

Lavici (Latin: Lavicum) was an ancient town of Latium in central Italy, located near modern Colonna.

## History

In around 488 BC, Lavici was captured by an invading army of the Volsci, led by Gaius Marcius Coriolanus and Attius Tullus Aufidius. The town was taken by the Romans in 418 BC under dictator Quintus Servilius Priscus Structus Fidenas.
# Canadian House of Commons Standing Committee on Natural Resources

The House of Commons Standing Committee on Natural Resources (RNNR) is a standing committee of the House of Commons of Canada.

## Mandate

* The management, operation, budget and legislation of the Department of Natural Resources and its affiliated agencies:
** The Canadian Nuclear Safety Commission
** Atomic Energy of Canada Limited
** The National Energy Board
* The current and future state of oil and gas pipelines and refining capacity in Canada
* Resource development in Northern Canada
* The state of the forestry sector in Canada

## Membership

| Party | Member | District |
| Liberal | James Maloney, chair | Etobicoke—Lakeshore, ON |
| Liberal | T. J. Harvey | Tobique—Mactaquac, NB |
| Liberal | Denis Lemieux | Chicoutimi—Le Fjord, QC |
| Liberal | Michael McLeod | Northwest Territories, NT |
| Liberal | Marc Serré | Nickel Belt, ON |
| Liberal | Geng Tan | Don Valley North, ON |
| Conservative | John Barlow, vice-chair | Foothills, AB |
| Conservative | Mark Strahl | Chilliwack—Hope, BC |
| Conservative | Shannon Stubbs | Lakeland, AB |
| New Democratic | Richard Cannings, vice-chair | South Okanagan—West Kootenay, BC |

## Subcommittees

* Subcommittee on Agenda and Procedure (SRNN)
# Waldyr Boccardo

Waldyr Geraldo Boccardo (alternate spelling: Waldir) (28 January 1936 – 18 November 2018) was a Brazilian basketball player. He was a member of the team that won the title at the 1959 World Championship and the bronze medal at the 1960 Olympics.
Boccardo was born in São Manuel, and died, aged 82, in Rio de Janeiro.
# Bram Schwarz

Bram Schwarz (born 28 April 1998) is a Dutch rower. He is the son of Sven Schwarz. His uncle was Ralph Schwarz.
He is an Olympic finalist and won a medal at the 2019 World Rowing Championships.
# Roman Catholic Diocese of Maturín

The Roman Catholic Diocese of Maturín (Latin: Dioecesis Maturinensis) is a diocese located in the city of Maturín in the ecclesiastical province of Ciudad Bolívar in Venezuela.

## History

On 24 May 1958 Pope Pius XII established the Diocese of Maturín from the Diocese of Ciudad Bolívar.

## Ordinaries

* Antonio José Ramírez Salaverría (24 May 1958 – 7 May 1994)
* Diego Rafael Padrón Sánchez (7 May 1994 – 27 Mar 2002) Appointed, Archbishop of Cumaná
* Enrique Pérez Lavado (9 Aug 2003 – present)