OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Imam of Friday Prayer

The Imam of Friday Prayer (Arabic: امام صلاة الجمعة), or Imam Jom'a (Jumu'ah), is the person who conducts the Friday prayer in Islam and preaches related sermons.

## Qualifications to serve

An Imam of Friday Prayer is expected to be distinguished for intellect ('Aql), faith (Iman), and righteousness. Traditionally, a Friday prayer imam must be male and, according to some, also of legitimate birth. Moreover, it is recommended (Mustahab) that the imam be eloquent, brave, watchful of prayer times, and true in his speech.
There are many rulings (Ahkam) regarding the Friday prayer that are common across the various branches and schools of Islam, but there are differences when it comes to qualifications. For instance, while there is a consensus about the five conditions—adulthood, intellect, correctness in reciting, and not otherwise excluded—there are disagreements as to the requirement to be a Mo'men (believer).

## Infallible imams

Historically in Shi’a Islam, when an infallible imam (Ma'sum) is present, the position of Friday Imam is assumed by him or someone he appoints.

## Temporary imams

The permanent Imam Jom'a of a city may appoint others to this office in a temporary capacity.
# Mireń

Mireń is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Pionki, within Radom County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately 6 kilometres (4 mi) south-east of Pionki, 25 km (16 mi) east of Radom, and 93 km (58 mi) south-east of Warsaw.
# Mirów, Szydłowiec County

Mirów is a village in Szydłowiec County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It is the seat of the gmina (administrative district) called Gmina Mirów. It lies approximately 14 kilometres (9 mi) east of Szydłowiec and 113 km (70 mi) south of Warsaw.
# Sanjak of Çanad

The Sanjak of Çanad (Turkish: Çanad sancağı, Liva-i Çanad) was a sanjak (district) of the Ottoman Empire located in what is today northwestern Banat (northernmost Serbia, southernmost Hungary and northwesternmost Romania), centered at Cenad (Hungarian: Csanád, in modern Romania).
The Eastern Hungarian Kingdom, a vassal state of the Ottoman Empire in the first half of the 16th century, lost the territory during the Ottoman campaign in 1551-1552, when it was incorporated into the newly formed Temeşvar Eyalet. It was one of four sanjaks of the Temeşvar Eyalet during the 1550s, one of eleven sanjaks in 1699, one of five in 1700–01, one of six in 1701–02, until its abolishment in 1707, becoming a sub-district of the Sanjak of Temeşvar. It was conquered by the Habsburgs and organized into the Csanád County.
# Philipp Ruhig

Philipp Ruhig (Lithuanian: Pilypas Ruigys, Latin: Philippus Ruhigius) (March 31, 1675, Kattenau — June 4, 1749) was a Lithuanian Lutheran priest from East Prussia mostly known as a philosopher and philologist, an early expert in Lithuanian language.

## Major works

* 1745: "Betrachtung der Littauischen Sprache, in ihrem Ursprunge, Wesen und Eigenschaften"
* 1747: "Littauisch-Deutschen und Deutsch-Littauischen Lexicon"
# Parliament Square, Ramsey

Parliament Square, Ramsey (Manx: Kerrin y Valley or Market Square) is situated between the 23rd and 24th Milestone road-side markers on the Snaefell Mountain Course used for the Isle of Man TT Races on the junction of the primary A3 Castletown to Ramsey road, the A9 Ramsey to Andreas road and A2 Douglas to Ramsey road situated in the town of Ramsey in the parish of Lezayre in the Isle of Man.
Parliament Square was part of the Highland Course and Four Inch Course used for the Gordon Bennett Trial and Tourist Trophy automobile car races held in the Isle of Man between 1904 and 1922. It is also the road junction of the A9 Bowring Road and A2 Albert Road in the town of Ramsey and this section of the Highroads Course was the eastern edge of the Sandygate Loop which included a nearby official refuelling stop for the 1904 Gordon Bennett British Eliminating Trial and 1905 Tourist Trophy Race for automobiles. The 1906 Tourist Trophy Race used the Short Highroad Course, with the abandonment of the Sandygate Loop in favour of the A3 Lezayre Road, the A2 Albert Road in the town of Ramsey, including a section of private road and the A18 Mountain Road.
Parliament Square is part of the Snaefell Mountain Course used since 1911 for the Isle of Man TT and from 1923 for the Manx Grand Prix Races. Changes to the course occurred in 1923 with the adoption of a private road between Parliament Square and May Hill in Ramsey. The course had previously had negotiated Albert Road and Tower Road in Ramsey and the new course length was now 37.739 miles (revised to 37.733 miles in 1938).

## Sources

* ↑ TT Pioneers – Early Car Racing in the Isle of Man pp 22 Robert Kelly, Mercury Asset Management (1996)(1st Edition) The Manx Experience, The Alden Press ISBN No 1 873120 61 3
* ↑ Official TT Guide 1992 pp 45 Mannin Media Publication/Isle of Man Department of Tourism
# St Fergus

St Fergus is a village in the Buchan area of Aberdeenshire, Scotland. St Fergus lies 1 mile (1.6 km) from the North Sea coast and 3 miles (5 km) north-west of Peterhead. The Parish of St Fergus includes the remains of Inverugie Castle and Ravenscraig Castle. The church in the village was built in 1763. The church for this parish previously stood in the old kirkyard near the shore 2 miles (3 km) to the east. This site on the St Fergus Links is still used as a burial ground. Prior to the change in site of the church the parish was known as Longley and at a still more remote period Inverugie.

## History

Historically, the 9,000 acres (3,600 ha) of St Fergus parish formed a detached portion of Banffshire. The parish was transferred to Aberdeenshire in 1891. At that time it had a population of 1,527.
The beach area was classed as a risk during WW2 as a possible landing area for a German invasion. Several pillboxes and anti-tank blocks were placed along the coast. These formed part of the Rattray stop line. Anti-tank ditches are still visible today. A minefield was laid on St Fergus links and Craigwan sands. On 30 November 1941, 11-year-old John Paul, 12-year-old James Reekie and Corporal Ronald Cumbley of the Royal Engineers were killed by a landmine. Two other soldiers were also injured. On 26 March 1946, Lance Corporal Reginald Wallis, age 26, and Corporal John Wood, age 23, of 11 Bomb Disposal company were killed whilst clearing landmines from the area. Corporal Wood stepped on the mine detonating it.
During mine clearing operations by 11th Company Bomb Disposal, a British Empire Medal was awarded to Sgt Robert Husband. Sgt Husband assisted a platoon officer dealing with mines that had fallen down a cliff when rough weather caused a bank of sand to collapse.
The St Fergus Gas Terminal situated to the north of the village, began operating in 1977 and was officially opened on 9 May 1978. The terminal consists of plants operated by a number of different oil and gas companies, and processes up to 60 million m$^3$ (2.1 billion cu ft) of North Sea gas per day, amounting to 15% of the United Kingdom gas demand.

## Transportation

The town is served by buses between Fraserburgh and Aberdeen (via Peterhead).
# Uri Mayerfeld

Uri Shraga Mayerfeld is a Rabbi and posek in Canada. He is the current Rosh Yeshiva (headmaster) of Yeshivas Ner Yisroel of Toronto in Toronto, Ontario.

## Biography

Rabbi Mayerfeld was born in Vineland, New Jersey. His father, Manfred Mayerfeld, was in the poultry business and was an active member of the Vineland Jewish community.
In his early years, Rabbi Mayerfeld studied in Philadelphia Yeshiva under the tutelage of Rabbi Shmuel Kamenetsky and Rabbi Elya Svei, and in Brisk yeshiva under the tutelage of Rabbi Berel Soloveitchik. He also studied under Rabbi Shneur Kotler and Rabbi Nosson Wachtfogel, and received smicha (rabbinic ordination) in 1971 from their yeshiva Beth Medrash Govoha of Lakewood, New Jersey.
When Rabbi Mayerfeld joined the Ner Yisroel faculty, he was a high school rebbi (religious studies teacher). He was promoted to Rosh Yeshiva after the death of the former Rosh Yeshiva, Rabbi Dov Gavriel Ginsburg.
Currently, Rabbi Mayerfeld is an active leader of the Toronto Jewish community. He leads a daf yomi (Talmud) class for the general public and frequently speaks at public Jewish events.
# Rushen (sheading)

54°07′01″N 4°40′44″W﻿ / ﻿54.11694°N 4.67889°W﻿ / 54.11694; -4.67889
Rushen (/ˈrʊʃən/ RUUSH-ən; Manx: Rosien) is one of the six sheadings of the Isle of Man.
It is located in the south of the island (part of the traditional South Side division) and consists of the three historic parishes of Arbory, Malew and (Kirk Christ) Rushen.
Administratively, the sheading of Rushen also includes the town of Castletown and the village districts of Port Erin and Port St Mary.
Other settlements in the sheading include Ballabeg, Colby and Ronague (all in the parish of Arbory), Ballasalla, Derbyhaven and St Mark's (all in the parish of Malew), and Cregneash in the parish of Rushen.

## MHKs and elections

Since 2016, when it was reduced from a three-member seat to a two-member seat, the House of Keys constituency of Rushen covers the historical parish of Rushen (as above) with some minor departures from the historical parish boundary.
# Tagtal

Tagtal was a Nubian queen with the titles king's wife and Egyptian. Her husband is not known for sure. Malonaqen had been proposed although this is only a guess. So far she is only known from her burial at Nuri (Nu. 45). Tagtal is also known from her burial at Nuri. The latter consisted of a pyramid with a chapel and one underground burial chamber. The pyramid and chapel were found totally destroyed. There was a staircase going underground and leading to the burial that was found heavily looted. Fragments of 15 shabtis preserved her name that was difficult to read due to their bad preservation. There appears also her titles, king's wife and a second one, perhaps to be read as Egyptian. The inscriptions there are made in Egyptian hieroglyphs, but the texts are hard to read.
# Denis Chachkhalia

Denis Kirshalovich Chachkhalia (Abkhaz: Денис Кьыршьал-ипа Чачхалиа; Russian: Денис Киршалович Чачхалиа; born 21 August 1950, in Tkvarcheli, Abkhazia) is an Abkhazian writer, historian, and translator.
Chachkhalia born in the family of Abkhazian poet Kirshal Chachkhalia. In 1973 he graduated from the Literary Institute at the Writer’s Union of the USSR in Moscow. He was working as a correspondent in the newspaper "Soviet Abkhazia", literary consultant of the writers union of Abkhazia. In the 1970s he published his collected poems: "Behind the horizon line", "Two heavens", "Relationship extent. In the beginning of the 1980s his work was included in the collected stories and drama "The Lonely Alder's Ford". Several stories were published in foreign languages. There are translations of Russian (Alexander Pushkin, Sergei Yesenin, Alexander Blok, Anna Akhmatova, Marina Tsvetaeva) and German (Heine, Goethe, Schiller) poetry into Abkhazian. The poems of Abkhazian poets Dmitry Gulia, Iyua Kogonia, Bagrat Shinkuba, Kirshal Chachkhalia, Anatoly Adzhindzhal, Taif Adzhba, Gennady Alamia, Rushbey Smir, translated into Russian, were published in Moscow, Leningrad, Sukhumi. In 1984—1989 he lectured at the Literary Institute in Moscow, leading the seminar on translation of Abkhazian poetry and prose. Then he established and headed Literary fond of writers union of Republic of Abkhazia in Sukhumi.
Chachkhalia later served as vice-chairman of the board of the Writers Union of Republic of Abkhazia for foreign affairs. Since the 1990s he lived and worked in Moscow, where he published the books "Abkhazian Orthodox Church. Chronicle. Additions" and "Abkhazian Tsars Chronicle". He also edited several books, including: Karla Serena "Traveling along Abkhazia" (1997), F. Bodenshtedt "Along major and minor Abkhazia. About Cherkessia" (2002).

## Sources

* "The Adyghe (Cherkess) Encyclopedia". M., 2006.
# Halen

Halen (Dutch pronunciation: ), formerly Haelen (Limburgish: Hôle), is a city and municipality located in the Belgian province of Limburg, to the west of Hasselt. On January 1, 2018, Halen had a total population of 9,461. The total area is 36.29 km$^2$ which gives a population density of 261 inhabitants per km$^2$.
The municipality consists of the following sub-municipalities: Halen proper, Loksbergen, and Zelem.
During the First World War, on August 12, 1914, the Battle of Halen took place here near the river crossing of the Gete.
# Stranger in the City (1962 film)

Stranger in the City (Turkish: Şehirdeki Yabancı) is a 1962 Turkish drama film directed by Halit Refiğ. It was entered into the 3rd Moscow International Film Festival.

## Cast

* Göksel Arsoy as Aydin
* Nilüfer Aydan as Gönül
* Reha Yurdakul as Selami Agaçligil
* Ali Sen as Serafettin Toraman
* Talat Gözbak as Mustafa Bakirci (as Talât Gözbak)
* Erol Tas as Nazif Usta
# Chickamauga (tugboat)

Chickamauga was a wooden tugboat built in 1915 and operated in Washington throughout its service life. The boat sank on October 2, 2013, and was subsequently scrapped.

## History

Chickamauga was a 70' long wooden tug boat built in Seattle Washington in 1915. Chickamauga was designed by naval architect Leslie Geary, and was the first diesel powered tugboat designed and built in the U.S.

## Sinking & demolition

Chickamauga sank while moored at Eagle Harbor on Bainbridge Island, Washington on October 2, 2013. It was reported to have leaked over 300 gallons of petroleum products into the harbor. The wreck was lifted from the water on October 10, 2013 by crane.
The Washington State Department of Natural Resources (DNR) took possession of the Chickamauga on January 16, 2014 and offered it to museums for possible preservation. On January 30, 2014, Chickamauga was towed to a dry dock outside Seattle to await a decision regarding its future. The boat was eventually destroyed with the use of an excavator, and the wreckage was disposed of. The helm and throttle controls, however, were salvaged and donated by the DNR to the Foss Waterway Seaport Museum in Tacoma.
# Daniele Molmenti

Daniele Cristoforo Molmenti (born 1 August 1984 in Pordenone) is an Italian slalom canoeist who competed at the international level from 1999 to 2016.

## Career

On 1 August 2012, his 28th birthday, he won the gold medal in the K1 event at the 2012 Summer Olympics in London. Molmenti also finished tenth in the K1 event at the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing.
Molmenti won six medals at the ICF Canoe Slalom World Championships with two golds (K1: 2010, K1 team: 2013), two silvers (K1 team: 2005, 2006), and two bronzes (K1 team: 2010, 2011).
Molmenti is also the European Champion from 2009, 2011 and 2012. He also has 2 silver and 3 bronze medals from the European Championships. In 2010 he won the overall World Cup title in K1. Molmenti finished the 2010 and 2011 seasons as the World No. 1 in the K1 event.
He announced his retirement from the sport in 2017, when he became the technical director of the Italian national team.

## World Cup individual podiums

| | | | | Total |
| K1 | 7 | 5 | 1 | 13 |
| Season | Date | Venue | Position | Event |
| 2004 | 30 May 2004 | Merano | 1st | K1 |
| 2005 | 10 July 2005 | Athens | 2nd | K1 |
| 2005 | 24 July 2005 | La Seu d'Urgell | 1st | K1 |
| 2006 | 28 May 2006 | Athens | 1st | K1 |
| 2009 | 1 February 2009 | Mangahao | 2nd | K1 |
| 2009 | 5 July 2009 | Bratislava | 2nd | K1 |
| 2009 | 11 July 2009 | Augsburg | 3rd | K1 |
| 2009 | 3 August 2009 | Kananaskis | 1st | K1 |
| 2010 | 21 February 2010 | Penrith | 1st | K1 |
| 2010 | 20 June 2010 | Prague | 1st | K1 |
| 2010 | 27 June 2010 | La Seu d'Urgell | 1st | K1 |
| 2011 | 13 August 2011 | Prague | 2nd | K1 |
| 2016 | 4 June 2016 | Ivrea | 2nd | K1 |
    $^1$ Oceania Championship counting for World Cup points
    $^2$ Pan American Championship counting for World Cup points
    $^3$ Oceania Canoe Slalom Open counting for World Cup points

## Other activities

In 2016, he was one of the Italian celebrities lending their support to the Green Cross campaign for World Water Day.
# Movement for National Rectification–Unionist

The Movement for National Rectification–Unionist (French: Mouvement de Redressement National–Unioniste, MORENA–Unionist) is a political party in Gabon.

## History

The party was established in 1992 by the MP Adrien Nguemah Ondo as a breakaway from the Movement for National Rectification. Nguemah Ondo ran in the 1993 presidential elections, receiving just 0.4% of the vote. It lost its seat in the 1996 parliamentary elections.
The party did not nominate a presidential candidate again until the 2009 elections, in which Bienvenu Mauro Nguema ran on the MORENA–Unionist ticket. He received only 293 votes (0.09%).
# Lucas Silva (footballer, born 1994)

Lucas Silva de Oliveira (born 28 April 1994), known as Lucas Silva, is a Brazilian professional footballer who plays as a forward for Brazilian club Retrô.

## Honours

Tombense
* Campeonato Brasileiro Série D: 2014
Santa Clara
* AF Ponta Delgada Taça S. Miguel: 2015–16
Jaraguá
* Campeonato Goiano - Segunda Divisão: 2019
Mirassol
* Campeonato Brasileiro Série D: 2020
# 2019 Wimbledon Championships – Gentlemen's invitation doubles

Tommy Haas and Mark Philippoussis were the defending champions, but they were eliminated in the round-robin competition.
Arnaud Clément and Michaël Llodra won the title, defeating Xavier Malisse and Max Mirnyi in the final, 6–3, 1–6, [10–7].

## Draw
### Key

* Q = Qualifier
* WC = Wild card
* LL = Lucky loser
* Alt = Alternate
* SE = Special exempt
* PR = Protected ranking
* ITF = ITF entry
* JE = Junior exempt
* w/o = Walkover
* r = Retired
* d = Defaulted
* SR = Special ranking

### Final

| Final | Final | Final | Final | Final |
| A1 | Arnaud Clément Michaël Llodra | 6 | 1 | [10] |
| B4 | Xavier Malisse Max Mirnyi | 3 | 6 | [7] |

### Group A

| | | Clément Llodra | Fleming Hutchins | González Grosjean | Haas Philippoussis | RR W–L | Set W–L | Game W–L | Standings |
| A1 | Arnaud Clément Michaël Llodra | | 7–6$^{(7–4)}$, 7–6$^{(7–3)}$ | 6−3, 3−6, [11−9] | 6–3, 6–4 | 3–0 | 6–1 | 36–28 | 1 |
| A2 | Colin Fleming Ross Hutchins | 6–7$^{(4–7)}$, 6–7$^{(3–7)}$ | | 7–5, 6–4 | 3–6, 7–6$^{(8–6)}$, [10–7] | 2–1 | 4–3 | 36–35 | 2 |
| A3 | Fernando González Sébastien Grosjean | 3−6, 6−3, [9−11] | 5–7, 4–6 | | 3–6, 7–6$^{(7–3)}$, [7–10] | 0–3 | 2–6 | 28–36 | 4 |
| A4 | Tommy Haas Mark Philippoussis | 3–6, 4–6 | 6–3, 6–7$^{(6–8)}$, [7–10] | 6–3, 6–7$^{(3–7)}$, [10–7] | | 1–2 | 3–5 | 32–33 | 3 |

### Group B

| | | Ančić Black | Delgado Marray | Enqvist Johansson | Malisse Mirnyi | RR W–L | Set W–L | Game W–L | Standings |
| B1 | Mario Ančić Wayne Black | | 7−6$^{(8−6)}$, 6−4 | 7–6$^{(8–6)}$, 7−5 | 3–6, 4–6 | 2−1 | 4−2 | 34−33 | 2 |
| B2 | Jamie Delgado Jonathan Marray | 6−7$^{(6−8)}$, 4−6 | | 6–2, 6–7$^{(7–9)}$, [8–10] | 6−7$^{(5−7)}$, 2−6 | 0−3 | 1−6 | 30−36 | 4 |
| B3 | Thomas Enqvist Thomas Johansson | 6–7$^{(6–8)}$, 5−7 | 2–6, 7–6$^{(9–7)}$, [10–8] | | 2–6, 7–6$^{(7–4)}$, [7–10] | 1–2 | 3–5 | 30–39 | 3 |
| B4 | Xavier Malisse Max Mirnyi | 6–3, 6–4 | 7−6$^{(7−5)}$, 6−2 | 6–2, 6–7$^{(4–7)}$, [10–7] | | 3–0 | 6–1 | 38–24 | 1 |
# Laser Hawk

Laser Hawk is a horizontally scrolling shooter for Atari 8-bit computers published by UK-based Red Rat Software. It was created in Dunedin, New Zealand by programmer Andrew Bradfield and artist Harvey A. Kong Tin.
A sequel, HawkQuest, also from Bradfield and Kong Tin, was released in 1989. Andrew Bradfield died in 2001 at age 35.

## Development

Work on Laser Hawk started in 1985 and took about a year to complete. Laser Hawk was originally called Hot Copter by Bradfield. Red Rat Software came up with the name Laser Hawk.

## Reception

A review of Laser Hawk in the January 1987 issue of Atari User concluded, "While the game concept is perhaps getting a little long in the tooth, Red Rat has tweaked it nicely, treating it in a thoughtful and refreshing way. What it may lack in originality it makes up for in finesse." The overall score was 8 out of 10.

## Legacy

Laser Hawk was later included in the 4 Star Compilation, Volume 1 published by Red Rat, along with Escape from Doomworld, Domain of the Undead, and Panic Express.
The same team created the sequel, HawkQuest, released in 1989. Harvey Kong Tin was responsible for the overall design. Development started in 1986 with the finished game using four floppy disk sides at 90K apiece.
# Plaza del Sol (Mexico)

Plaza del Sol is one of the largest shopping malls in the Guadalajara metropolitan area, Mexico, located in the municipality of Zapopan. Built at the end of the sixties by the architect Alejandro Zohn, it was the first mall in Latin America. It is the largest outdoor mall in the city, located next to the Plaza Milenium and future Torrena. Current anchors are Suburbia, Soriana supermarket and Mundara (a branch of El Nuevo Mundo department store with specific branding).
The mall was anchored by an 8,255-square-meter Fábricas de Francia department store, opened in 1969 and rebranded briefly in 2018-9 as Liverpool before Liverpool closed it in September 2021 as it opened a new store at nearby Distrito La Perla, and reopened the building a month later on October 7, 2021, as a branch of Suburbia, also owned by the El Puerto de Liverpool group.
It is located a few blocks away from the Expo Guadalajara and the Guadalajara World Trade Center on one of the highest commercial areas of the city and rivals in importance with La Gran Plaza, Plaza Pabellón, Centro Magno and Galerías Guadalajara. A more recent competitor is Distrito La Perla which opened in 2021 only 1 km to the west.
# Helga Klein

Helga Klein (Germany, 15 August 1931 – Germany, 27 January 2021) was a German athlete who competed mainly in the 100 metres. She competed for West Germany in the 1952 Summer Olympics held in Helsinki, Finland in the 4 x 100 metres where she won the Silver medal with her teammates Ursula Knab, Maria Sander and Marga Petersen.
# Sandro Tsveiba

Sandro Akhrikovich Tsveiba (Russian: Сандро Ахрикович Цвейба; Abkhaz: Сандро Аҳрик-иҧа Цәеиба; born 5 September 1993) is a former professional footballer who played as a midfielder or centre-back. Born in Ukraine, he represented Russia internationally at youth levels. He is a son of former international Akhrik Tsveiba.

## Career

Tsveiba spent 13 seasons in the youth ranks of FC Lokomotiv Moscow, amassing 59 matches and 5 goals between 2011 and 2013 for the "double"/youth team. Not breaking into the club's first team, he left the club and made his debut in the third-tier Russian Second Division for Rus Saint Petersburg on 15 July 2013 in a game against Spartak Kostroma. After half a season there, he moved again, to the second-tier SKA-Energiya Khabarovsk, playing only three matches in the season.
In the summer of 2014, he moved abroad, to the Hungarian side Újpest FC. Despite making the first-team squad in 22 league matches, he only entered the game twice, for a total of seven minutes in play. his only full match for Újpest was in a cup game against FC Ajka, where he made an assist.
In the summer of 2015, he moved abroad again, signing for the Croatian side NK Osijek.
On 17 February 2017, he signed with Russian Premier League club Krylia Sovetov Samara. On 24 June 2017, he signed with Dynamo Saint Petersburg.
On 19 July 2019, he signed with Swedish club AFC Eskilstuna until the end of 2019.