OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Monte Rotondo massif

The Monte Rotondo massif (French: Massif du Monte Rotondo) is a chain of mountains on the southern side of Corsica, France. It takes its name from Monte Rotondo, the highest peak.

## Location

The Monte Rotondo massif is one of the four main blocks of mountains in Corsica. These are (from north to south), the Monte Cinto massif, Monte Rotondo massif, Monte Renoso massif and Monte Incudine massif. These massifs form the Corse cristalline, mainly composed of magmatic rocks such as granites, granulites, porphyries and rhyolites. The Monte Rotondo massif is located between the Col de Vergio and the Col de Vizzavona. It extends westward through the hills of Ajaccio, and eastward to the Sillon de Corte.

## Peaks

The main peaks are,
| Name | Elevation | Elevation | Prominence | Prominence |
| Name | metres | feet | metres | feet |
| Monte Rotondo | 2,622 | 8,602 | 0 | 0 |
| Punta Mufrena | 2,590 | 8,500 | 0 | 0 |
| Maniccia | 2,496 | 8,189 | 0 | 0 |
| Monte Cardo | 2,453 | 8,048 | 0 | 0 |
| Punta Felicina | 2,437 | 7,995 | 0 | 0 |
| Monte d'Oro | 2,390 | 7,840 | 0 | 0 |
| Punta Muzzella | 2,342 | 7,684 | 0 | 0 |
| Punta Artica | 2,327 | 7,635 | 0 | 0 |
| Punta alle Porte | 2,313 | 7,589 | 0 | 0 |
| Lombarduccio | 2,268 | 7,441 | 0 | 0 |
| Punta Migliarello | 2,254 | 7,395 | 0 | 0 |
| Cimatella | 2,100 | 6,900 | 0 | 0 |
| Capu a u Tozzu | 2,007 | 6,585 | 0 | 0 |
| Pinerole | 1,951 | 6,401 | 0 | 0 |
| Monte Cervellu | 1,622 | 5,322 | 0 | 0 |
| Capu d'Orto | 1,294 | 4,245 | 0 | 0 |
# Saybag, Ürümqi

Saybag District (Uyghur: سايباغ رايونى, romanized: Saybagh Rayoni, Saybaƣ Rayoni, Saybag Rayoni, Сайбағ Райони; Chinese: 沙依巴克区; pinyin: Shāyībākè Qū) is one of 7 urban districts of the prefecture-level city of Ürümqi, the capital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Northwest China. It contains an area of 422 km$^2$ (163 sq mi). According to the 2002 census, it has a population of 440,000.

## Administrative divisions

Saybag District contains 17 subdistricts:
| Name | Simplified Chinese | Hanyu Pinyin | Uyghur (UEY) | Uyghur Latin (ULY) | Administrative division code |
| Subdistricts ||||||
| Changjiang Road Subdistrict | 长江路街道 | Chángjiānglù Jiēdào | چاڭجياڭ يولى كوچا باشقارمىسى‎ | Changjyang yoli kocha bashqarmisi | 650103001 |
| Hetian Street Subdistrict | 和田街街道 | Hétiánjiē Jiēdào | خوتەن كوچىسى كوچا باشقارمىسى‎ | Xoten kochisi kocha bashqarmisi | 650103002 |
| Yangzijiang Road Subdistrict | 扬子江路街道 | Yángzǐjiānglù Jiēdào | ياڭزىجياڭ يولى كوچا باشقارمىسى‎ | Yangzijyang yoli kocha bashqarmisi | 650103003 |
| Youhao South Road Subdistrict | 友好南路街道 | Yǒuhǎonánlù Jiēdào | جەنۇبىي دوستلۇق يولى كوچا باشقارمىسى‎ | Jenubiy dostluq yoli kocha bashqarmisi | 650103004 |
| Youhao North Road Subdistrict | 友好北路街道 | Yǒuhǎoběilù Jiēdào | شىمالىي دوستلۇق يولى كوچا باشقارمىسى‎ | Shimaliy dostluq yoli kocha bashqarmisi | 650103005 |
| Bayi Subdistrict (August the 1st Road) | 八一街道 | Bāyī Jiēdào | «1-ئاۋغۇست» كوچا باشقارمىسى‎ | «1-Awghust» kocha bashqarmisi | 650103006 |
| Luyuan Street Subdistrict | 炉院街街道 | Lúyuànjiē Jiēdào | لۇيۈەن كوچىسى كوچا باشقارمىسى‎ | Luyüen kochisi kocha bashqarmisi | 650103007 |
| Xishan Subdistrict | 西山街道 | Xīshān Jiēdào | شىشەن كوچا باشقارمىسى‎ | Shishen kocha bashqarmisi | 650103008 |
| Yamalikh Mountain Subdistrict (Yamalikeshan Subdistrict) | 雅玛里克山街道 | Yǎmǎlǐkèshān Jiēdào | يامالىق تېغى كوچا باشقارمىسى‎ | Yamaliq têghi kocha bashqarmisi | 650103009 |
| Hongmiaozi Subdistrict (Khizil But Subdistrict) | 红庙子街道 | Hóngmiàozǐ Jiēdào | قىزىل بۇت كوچا باشقارمىسى‎ | Qizil but kocha bashqarmisi | 650103010 |
| Changsheng East Subdistrict | 长胜东街道 | Chángshèngdōng Jiēdào | چاڭشېڭ شەرقىي كوچا باشقارمىسى‎ | Changshëng sherqiy kocha bashqarmisi | 650103011 |
| Changsheng West Subdistrict | 长胜西街道 | Chángshèngxī Jiēdào | چاڭشېڭ غەربىي كوچا باشقارمىسى‎ | Changshêng gherbiy kocha bashqarmisi | 650103012 |
| Changsheng South Subdistrict | 长胜南街道 | Chángshèngnán Jiēdào | چاڭشېڭ جەنۇبىي كوچا باشقارمىسى‎ | Changshêng jenubiy kocha bashqarmisi | 650103013 |
| South Railway Station Subdistrict | 火车南站街道 | Huǒchēnánzhàn Jiēdào | جەنۇبىي ۋوگزال كوچا باشقارمىسى‎ | Jenubiy wogzal kocha bashqarmisi | 650103014 |
| Huangwei Road Subdistrict | 环卫路街道 | Huánwèilù Jiēdào | خۇەنۋېي يولى كوچا باشقارمىسى‎ | Xuenwëy yoli kocha bashqarmisi | 650103016 |
| Qimashan Subdistrict (Mingeshtagh Subdistrict) | 骑马山街道 | Qímǎshān Jiēdào | مىنگەشتاغ كوچا باشقارمىسى‎ | Mingeshtagh kocha bashqarmisi | 650103017 |
| Pingdingshan Subdistrict (Yekhilghantagh Subdistrict) | 平顶山街道 | Píngdǐngshān Jiēdào | يېقىلغان تاش كوچا باشقارمىسى‎ | Yëqilghan tash kocha bashqarmisi | 650103018 |

## Transport

* Ürümqi railway station
* Ürümqi South railway station
# Shireen Arshad Khan

Shireen Arshad Khan (Urdu: شیرین ارشد خان) is a Pakistani politician who served as member of the National Assembly of Pakistan.

## Political career

She was elected to the National Assembly of Pakistan as a candidate of Pakistan Muslim League (N) on a seat reserved for women from Punjab in the 2008 Pakistani general election.
# Crespin Abbey

Crespin Abbey (French: Abbaye de Crespin) was a Benedictine monastery in the commune of Crespin in the department of Nord, France, founded around 648 by the reformed brigand Landelin of Crespin, also the first abbot, and dissolved in 1802.

## Foundation

Landelin was born of a noble family, but became the leader of a band of brigands. After his conversion to Christianity he became active as a missionary in the north of France. The traditional story is that he then withdrew with two disciples into the forest of the County of Hainault between Valenciennes and Mons, where he built a wooden cell on the bank of the Haine, which flows into the Scheldt at Condé-sur-l'Escaut. The owner of the forest took their clothes in compensation for the branches they had sawn off without his permission, and was struck lame: only when he returned the clothes did Landelin heal him. It is also said that after praying Landelin struck the ground with his staff, whereupon a strong spring appeared, the curling waves of which (Latin: crispantibus undis) caused him to name the spot "Crispinium" (Crespin). The reputation of the three hermits and the stories of these miracles attracted increasing numbers of disciples, for whom Landelin had a chapel built, which became the centre of the Benedictine abbey, dedicated to Saint Peter. Landelin was its first abbot. He died there, probably in 686, and was buried in the abbey church.
From Crespin, Landelin founded Aulne Abbey on the banks of the Sambre in 656. He is also credited with founding Lobbes Abbey in about 650, and the priory at Wallers-Trélon (now Wallers-en-Fagne) in 657.

## History

The monastery flourished at first, because of its reputation for miracles at the intercession of Landelin, but in the 9th century found itself in increasing danger of being plundered or destroyed by the marauding Vikings. Landelin's relics were therefore moved, apparently in 836, to Boke in Delbrück near Paderborn. In 870 the abbey was indeed destroyed by the Vikings. Although it was quickly rebuilt, it was not immediately re-dedicated as a monastery, but housed a community of secular priests, and was not re-occupied by the Benedictines until 1080. In 1095 Sigard of Chocques donated a mill and some land near Angre to the Abbey for the soul of William the Conqueror.
From 1080 to 1802, when the abbey was dissolved in the Napoleonic period, there were altogether 48 abbots of Crespin. After its dissolution the abbey was sold off and destroyed.

## Present day

Of the abbey church, first built in 673, only a few ruins remain. Of the other structures on the site only the abbot's house still stands, with a few ancillary buildings.
# Tsakona Arch Bridge

The Tsakona Arch Bridge (Greek: Τοξωτή Γέφυρα Τσακώνας), located in Arcadia, southern Greece, is one of the world's longest multi-span arch bridges. It crosses the Tsakona Valley, spanning a dangerous location near Megalopoli where there have been many landslides.

## Construction

The Tsakona Arch Bridge, with a length of 490 meters, was the part of the Paradeisia–Tsakona axis Tripolis–Kalamata road route to be completed. It was delivered for the Greek state by the Moreas consortium. The project leader Nikos Donas stated that the bridge was one of the most difficult engineering projects, after the Charilaos Trikoupis Bridge. It was budgeted at €94 million but there were significant cost overruns, due largely to the complexity of building in challenging and unstable geological conditions. The original studies made for construction of the bridge had also underestimated the challenges associated with construction, causing budget and time overruns. The final cost was €131.5 million.
The bridge is supported at three points: one at each end (abutments) and one that is closer to the top of the pier. The last is the most important: it is basically a giant 'prefab', which ensures the stability of the bridge. From the pier starts the arch of the bridge, with a maximum height of 30 meters. The two arches, one on each side, support the metal part of the bridge on which the road is located.
Construction on the bridge started in 2008; it was opened for traffic in January 2016.
# Kapodistrias (surname)

Kapodistrias (Greek: Καποδίστριας) is a Greek form of Italian surname Capodistria. Notable people with the surname include three brothers:
* Ioannis Kapodistrias, Greek diplomat and Foreign Minister of the Russian Empire and later the first head of state of independent Greece
* Augustinos Kapodistrias, Greek soldier and politician
* Viaros Kapodistrias
# Cime de Missun

The Cime de Mussun (French) or Cima Missun (Italian) is a mountain of the Ligurian Alps.

## History

The mountain up to World War II was totally belonging to Italy but, following the Paris Peace Treaties, signed in February 1947, is now shared between Italy and France.

## Geography

The mountain belongs to the Ligurian Alps and is located on the main chain of the Alps and on the water divide between che drainage basins of river Po (East) and Roya. Heading South the chain goes on with Punta Farenga and Cima Ventosa, while towards N-W it continues with the large saddle of Colla Rossa, which divides Cima Missun from Monte Bertrand. The summit, which is marked by a small cross, is located in France close to the French-Italian border, between Piemonte and Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur. Administratively the summit belongs to the French mairie of La Brigue. On the slopes facing Italy a former military mule-track runs across the mountainside, connecting Monesi with the colle di Tenda.

### SOIUSA classification

According to the SOIUSA (International Standardized Mountain Subdivision of the Alps) the mountain can be classified in the following way:
* main part = Western Alps
* major sector = South Western Alps
* section = Ligurian Alps
* subsection = (It:Alpi del Marguareis/Fr:Alpes Liguriennes Occidentales)
* supergroup = (It:Catena del Saccarello /Fr:Chaîne du Mont Saccarel)
* group = (It:Gruppo del Monte Saccarello /Fr:Groupe du Mont Saccarel)
* subgroup = (It:Nodo del Monte Saccarello /Fr:Nœud du Mont Saccarel)
* code = I/A-1.II-A.1.a

## Hiking

The mountain is accessible from the Colla Rossa by a brief diversion branching from the former military dirt road which marks the border between Italy and France, which in this stretch coincides with an hiking itinerary named Alta via delle Alpi del Mare.

## Maps

* Cartografia ufficiale italiana in scala 1:25.000 e 1:100.000 (Map). Istituto Geografico Militare.
* Géoportail (French official maps) (Map). Institut géographique national.
* Carta in scala 1:50.000 n. 8 Alpi Marittime e Liguri (Map). Torino: Istituto Geografico Centrale.
# Qaleh Gah, Divandarreh

Qaleh Gah (Persian: قلعه گاه, also Romanized as Qal‘eh Gāh) is a village in Saral Rural District, Saral District, Divandarreh County, Kurdistan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 180, in 37 families. The village is populated by Kurds.
# Negative-calorie food

A negative-calorie food is food that supposedly requires more food energy to be digested than the food provides. Its thermic effect or specific dynamic action—the caloric "cost" of digesting the food—would be greater than its food energy content. Despite its recurring popularity in dieting guides, there is no evidence supporting the idea that any food is calorically negative. While some chilled beverages are calorically negative, the effect is minimal and requires drinking very large amounts of water, which can be dangerous, as it can cause water intoxication.

## Controversy

There is no evidence to show that any of these foods have a negative calorific impact. Foods claimed to be negative in calories are mostly low-calorie fruits and vegetables such as celery, grapefruit, orange, lemon, lime, apple, lettuce, broccoli, and cabbage. However, celery has a thermic effect of around 8%, much less than the 100% or more required for a food to have "negative calories".
Diets based on negative-calorie food do not work as advertised but can lead to weight loss because they satisfy hunger by filling the stomach with food that is not calorically dense. A 2005 study based on a low-fat plant-based diet found that the average participant lost 13 pounds (5.9 kg) over fourteen weeks, and attributed the weight loss to the reduced energy density of the foods resulting from their low fat content and high fiber content, and the increased thermic effect. Nevertheless, these diets are not "negative-calorie" since they bear energy. Another study demonstrated that negative-calorie diets (NCDs) have the same efficacy to low-calorie diets (LCDs) in inducing weight loss when both of these diets are combined with exercise.
Chewing gum has been speculated as a "negative-calorie food"; A study on chewing gum reported mastication burns roughly 11 kcal (46 kJ) per hour. Therefore, to reach "negative-calorie" one has to chew for almost 6 minutes per kcal (one chewing gum can have a large range of kcal from around 2 to 15 kcal).
# Artaxias IV

Artaxias IV or Artashir IV (Armenian: Արտաշես Դ, romanized: Artashes D) was a prince who served as a Sasanid client king of eastern Armenia from 422 until 428. Artaxias IV was the last Arsacid king of Armenia and the last person to hold the crown of the ancient Armenian Kingdom.

## Family background, early life and rise to the throne

Artaxias IV was the son of Vramshapuh who ruled eastern Armenia as a Sasanid vassal from 389 until 417. Artaxias' uncle, Khosrov IV, ruled Armenia before Vramshapuh (and possibly after as well). Modern genealogies depict Artaxias IV as the grandson of Varasdates (Varazdat). Artaxias IV was born about 405, as he was seventeen years old when enthroned. The identity of his mother is unknown. She may have been Vramshapuh's wife or concubine. Artaxias IV was born and raised in Armenia and little is known about his life, prior to his kingship. Artaxias IV was named in honor of past kings of Armenia and Iberia who had this name.
When Vramshapuh died in 417, Artaxias IV was too young to succeed his father as king. After his father died, the Armenian Catholicos Sahak, who was Artaxias IV's distant relative, visited the court of the Sasanid king, Yazdegerd I, to obtain the release of Khosrov IV from political exile. Yazdegerd consented and released Khosrov from imprisonment. Upon release, Khosrov may have served again as king of Armenia from 417 until 418, when he died. Little is known about Artaxias IV's relationship with his father and uncle.
Until 422, Armenia was under direct rule of the local Armenian nakharar nobility and the Sasanid dynasty. The nakharar requested that the Sasanid dynasty enthrone a client king from the Arsacid line. In 422, Artaxias IV was enthroned as king of Armenia.

## Kingship

Upon his elevation to the throne, Artaxias IV called himself Artashir in deference to past Sasanid kings. Following his uncle and father, Artaxias IV served as the third Sasanid vassal of eastern Armenia, ruling as a Christian monarch subservient to a Zoroastrian state.
As king, Artaxias IV had the support of the reigning Catholicos, Sahak. Although Artaxias IV was recognised by the nakharars as their king, the centrifugal tendencies of the nobles were beyond his control. The leading members of the nobility soon resumed their intrigues under pretense of disgust at the young king's vices. Due to his youth and weakness in character, Artaxias IV was unable to cope with the Armenian aristocracy. Sahak appealed at various times to the nakharars to respect the king's supreme authority, to cooperate with him and be his ally, but these appeals were disregarded.
The nakharars lost confidence in the Armenian monarchy and determined that direct rule by Persia would be preferred over vassalage. At the nakharars' request, Artaxias IV was dethroned by Bahram V in 428. Armenia was annexed and became a satrapy of the Persian Empire. The Sasanids installed Veh Mihr Shapur as marzban of Persian Armenia. The further fate of Artaxias IV is unknown. Through the dethronement of Artaxias IV, Armenian rule by the Arsacid dynasty and almost a thousand years of Armenian monarchy ended.
# Predel Point

Predel Point (Bulgarian: нос Предел, ‘Nos Predel’ \'nos pre-'del\) is a point on the northwest coast of Fournier Bay in Anvers Island in the Palmer Archipelago, Antarctica separating the termini of Rhesus Glacier to the north and Thamyris Glacier 4 km to the south.
The point is named after Predel Saddle between the mountains of Pirin and Rila in southwestern Bulgaria.

## Location

Predel Point is located at 64°32′08″S 63°12′43″W﻿ / ﻿64.53556°S 63.21194°W﻿ / -64.53556; -63.21194, which is 10.72 km southwest of Dralfa Point, 15.03 km west-southwest of Andrews Point and 3.77 km north by west of Studena Point. British mapping in 1980.

## Maps

* British Antarctic Territory. Scale 1:200000 topographic map No. 3217. DOS 610 - W 64 62. Tolworth, UK, 1980.
* Antarctic Digital Database (ADD). Scale 1:250000 topographic map of Antarctica. Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research (SCAR). Since 1993, regularly upgraded and updated.
# Progressive Dissidence

Progressive Dissidence (Portuguese: Dissidência Progressista, DP) was a political party in Portugal.

## History

The party was established in 1905 by Minister of Justice José Maria de Alpoim as a left-wing breakaway from the Progressive Party. It won nine seats in the April 1906 parliamentary elections, but was reduced to four seats in the August 1906 elections. The 1908 elections saw the party win seven seats.
The party was dissolved in 1910.
# Dağdöşü

Daghdoshu (Azerbaijani: Dağdöşü, lit. 'mountainside') or Tyak (Armenian: Տյաք) is a village in the Khojavend District of Azerbaijan, in the disputed region of Nagorno-Karabakh. The village is located close to the town of Hadrut. The village had an ethnic Armenian-majority population prior to the 2020 Nagorno-Karabakh war, and also had an Armenian majority in 1989.

## History

During the Soviet period, the village was part of the Hadrut District of the Nagorno-Karabakh Autonomous Oblast. After the First Nagorno-Karabakh War, the village was administrated as part of the Hadrut Province of the breakaway Republic of Artsakh. The village came under the control of Azerbaijan during the 2020 Nagorno-Karabakh war.

## Historical heritage sites

Historical heritage sites in and around the village include the church of Surb Mesrop (Armenian: Սուրբ Մեսրոպ), a cemetery, and a spring monument from the 19th century.

## Demographics

The village had 71 inhabitants in 2005, and 70 inhabitants in 2015.
# HYAL2

Hyaluronidase-2 is a multifunctional protein, previously thought to only possess acid-active hyaluronan-degrading enzymatic function. In humans it is encoded by the HYAL2 gene.
This gene encodes a protein which is similar in structure to hyaluronidases. Hyaluronidases intracellularly degrade hyaluronan, one of the major glycosaminoglycans of the extracellular matrix. Hyaluronan is thought to be involved in cell proliferation, migration and differentiation.
Varying functions have been described for this protein. It has been described as a lysosomal hyaluronidase which is active at a pH below 4 and specifically hydrolyzes high molecular weight hyaluronan. It has also been described as a GPI-anchored cell surface protein which does not display hyaluronidase activity but does serve as a receptor for the oncogenic virus Jaagsiekte sheep retrovirus. The gene is one of several related genes in a region of chromosome 3p21.3 associated with tumor suppression. This gene encodes two alternatively spliced transcript variants which differ only in the 5' UTR.
One study found associations between cleft lip and palate and mutations in the HYAL2 gene.
An investigation published in 2017, attributed an additional function to the Hyaluronidase 2 (HYAL2) protein. The study found interactions between HYAL2 and proteins involved in the alternative splicing of CD44 pre-mRNA. Another study published in 2020, described roles for HYAL2 in the orchestration of cytoskeletal components involved in myofibroblast contraction. These recent discoveries suggest a broader regulatory role for the HYAL2 protein in cell biology.
# Hydroporinae

Hydroporinae is a subfamily of predaceous diving beetles in the family Dytiscidae. There are at least 2,200 described species in Hydroporinae.
# Gologorica

Gologorica, historically known as Moncalvo di Pisino (Italian: Moncalvo di Pisino; Golgorizza), is a village in central Istria, near Pazin (Pisino).
Today the village is part of the municipality of Cerovlje.

## History

The area of Pisino was inhabited since ancient times. The burg around the Castle Montecuccoli (Pazin Castle) was inhabited since prehistoric times, as were many other settlements in the area, including the Bertossi castellieri, Glavizza, and Vermo [it], which features a necropolis dating from the 7th to 5th century BC. Some of these settlements became urban centers, others became burgs of castles, and others still remained villages. All the villages in the Pisino area enjoyed in Medieval times a degree of relative autonomy. The presence of such municipal organization in central Istria "demonstrates the persistence of prerogatives linked to the ancient Roman municipalities". Important Roman artifacts were discovered in the Pisino area, including a Roman gravestone discovered in Moncalvo di Pisino.
Remarkable sights in the town include the church of St. Peter and Paul the Apostle with three beautiful Renaissance altars and a painted baptismal font from the 17th century. This church contains artworks from the 15th century and a Baroque altar. There is the small church of the Blessed Virgin Mary, located on the hilltop on the right side, at the entrance of the settlement, dating from the Romanesque period. It features frescoes by an unknown author, dating from 1400. Finally, there are the remains of the city walls.
On the main square, in front of the parish church, there is the house of the De Franceschi family, built in 1711.
The village also features a stone inscription dedicated to the alleged local Mikula Gologoricki, mentioned in the 13th-century document Istrian Demarcation.

## Demographics

According to the 2021 census, its population was 237. In the 2011 census, it had 269 inhabitants.

### Notable people

* Carlo De Franceschi (1809–1893), Italian historian and politician
# Anbardeh

Anbardeh (Persian: انبارده, also Romanized as Anbārdeh) is a village in Mianrud Rural District, Chamestan District, Nur County, Mazandaran Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 242, in 67 families.
# Heydarabad, Bardsir

Heydarabad (Persian: حيدراباد, also Romanized as Ḩeydarābād; also known as Khairābād, Kheir Abad, and Kheyrābād) is a village in Mashiz Rural District, in the Central District of Bardsir County, Kerman Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 72, in 18 families.