OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Gulf of Squillace

The Gulf of Squillace (Italian: Golfo di Squillace; Latin: Scylleticus Sinus or Scyllaceus Sinus; Greek: Σκυλλητικὸς κόλπος) is a body of water, an inlet of the Ionian Sea along the Calabrian coast of Italy.
The gulf is part of the Ionian Sea and makes up part of the east coast of the region of Calabria. It takes its present-day name from the coastal town of Squillace.

## Ancient history

Anciently known as Scylleticus Sinus, from the ancient coastal city of Scylletium, which Strabo mentions is situated on the east coast of Bruttium (modern Calabria), situated on the shores of an extensive bay, to which it gave the name of Scylleticus Sinus. It is this bay, still known as the Gulf of Squillace, which indents the coast of Calabria on the east as deeply as that of Hipponium or Terina (the Gulf of Saint Euphemia, Italian: Golfo di Sant'Eufemia) does on the west, so that they leave but a comparatively narrow isthmus between them.
The Scylleticus Sinus, or Gulf of Squillace, was always regarded as dangerous to mariners; hence Virgil calls it navifragum Scylaceum. There is no natural port throughout its whole extent, and into the 19th century, it still bore an evil reputation for shipwrecks. The name is found in Aristotle as well as Antiochus of Syracuse, but would seem to have been unknown to Thucydides; at least it is difficult to explain otherwise the peculiar manner in which he speaks of the Terinaean gulf, while relating the voyage of Gylippus along the east coast of Bruttium.
# Whitby, Turks and Caicos Islands

Whitby is a village located on the island of North Caicos in the Turks and Caicos Islands, a British Overseas Territory. Whitby consists of a few small houses, shops, vacation rental villas, restaurants, and a small hotel. The village is named after Whitby in Yorkshire, northern England.

## History

Similar to other nearby settlements in North Caicos, the village was once home to Loyalist plantations in the aftermath of the American Revolutionary War. One such notable plantation was Greenwich hill, that was owned by Stephen Delancy, a Lieutenant Colonel in the British Army. The village shares the name with Whitby, England.
# Montcalm Massif

The Montcalm Massif (French: Massif du Montcalm, Catalan: Massís del Montcalm) is a mountain massif located in the Pyrenees, at the border between France and Spain, with an altitude of 3077 metres above sea level.
Some of the summits are over 3,000 m high and the highest mountain in Catalonia (Pica d'Estats), as well as the highest mountain in Ariège (Pic de Montcalm), are part of this massif.

## Protected areas

The Parc naturel régional des Pyrénées ariégeoises is located on the French side of the massif area and the Parc Natural de l'Alt Pirineu on the Spanish side.
Climbing some of the summits is not easy and there have been occasional accidents involving overconfident mountaineers.
The Estany de Canalbona or Estanyol Occidental de Canalbona is a pristine glacial lake located in the Montcalm Massif between the Pic de Canalbona and the Rodó de Canalbona, at the base of the "Collet Fals" near the "Pica d'Estats". The lake drains towards the Catalan side. The lake stays frozen most of the year, but the ice is usually totally melted at the end of the summer.

## Summits

Some of the main summits are:
* Pica d'Estats, 3143 m
* Pic de Montcalm, 3077 m
* Pic de Sotllo or Pic du port de Sullo, 3072 m
* Pic Verdaguer, 3131 m
* Punta Gabarro, 3115 m
* Rodo de Canalbona, 3004 m
* Pic de Canalbona, 2965 m
# Molini di Triora

Molini di Triora (Ligurian: Moin de Triêua) is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Imperia in the Italian region Liguria, located about 100 kilometres (62 mi) southwest of Genoa and about 25 kilometres (16 mi) northwest of Imperia. As of 31 December 2004, it had a population of 741 and an area of 57.9 square kilometres (22.4 sq mi).
Molini di Triora borders the following municipalities: Badalucco, Bajardo, Carpasio, Castelvittorio, Montalto Ligure, Montegrosso Pian Latte, Rezzo, and Triora.
The photo over shows the village called Corte, not Molini di Triora. Corte is close to Molini di Triora, but higher up.

## Climate

The Köppen Climate Classification subtype for this climate is "Csb". (Mediterranean Climate).

## Persons linked to Molini

* Michael Green (painter and sculptor)
# Harry Harvey (Medal of Honor, 1865)

Harry Harvey (December 14, 1846 – April 2, 1896), originally named Harry Huckman, was a member of the United States Army who fought for the Union during the American Civil War, where he was awarded the Medal of Honor. He was born on December 14, 1846, in England, but moved to Rochester, New York. He entered service in Rochester, New York, and became a Corporal of Company A of the 22nd New York Company. He was awarded the Medal of Honor for action on March 2, 1865, in Waynesboro, Virginia. There, he is cited as capturing the "flag and bearer, with two other prisoners." He was issued his Medal of Honor on March 26, 1865. Harvey died on April 2, 1896, in Syracuse, New York, and was buried in Myrtle Hill Cemetery.
# Young People's Front for Democracy and Justice

The Young People's Front for Democracy and Justice (Tigrinya: ህዝባዊ ግንባር ንደሞክራስን ፍትሕን ን'ምንኦሰያት, romanized: Həzbawi Gənbar nəDämokrasən Fətəḥən, Arabic: الجبهة الشعبية للديمقراطية والعدالة, romanized: al-Jabhatu l-Shaʻabiyatu lil-Dīmuqrāṭiyatu wāl-ʻIdālah; YPFDJ, Tigrinya: ህግደፍ) is a nationalist Eritrean diaspora youth organization and the youth branch of their parent organization, the People's Front for Democracy and Justice (Eritrea's sole legal political party). Conferences are held throughout the world by local chapters, particularly in North America and Europe.
Conferences have included both PFDJ dignitaries, members of the Eritrean government as well as non-Eritrean speakers.
# Chirnogeni

Chirnogeni is a commune in Constanța County, Northern Dobruja, Romania.
The commune includes two villages:
* Chirnogeni (historical name: Ghiuvenlia, Turkish: Güvenli), named after Chirnogi, whence many settlers came
* Credința (historical name: Sofular, Turkish: Sofular)
* Plopeni (historical name: Cavaclar, Turkish: Kavaklar)

## Demographics

At the 2011 census, Chirnogeni had 3,105 Romanians (98.98%), 26 Roma (0.83%), 4 Turks (0.13%), 2 others (0.06%).

## Natives

* Şevqiy Bektöre
# Iffat Liaqat

Iffat Liaqat (Urdu: عفت لیاقت) is a Pakistani politician who had been a member of the National Assembly of Pakistan, from June 2013 to May 2018.

## Political career

She was elected to the National Assembly of Pakistan as a candidate of Pakistan Muslim League (N) on a reserved seat for women from Punjab in 2013 Pakistani general election.
# Nathan E. Hickok

Nathan E. Hickok (born c. 1839; date of death unknown) was an American soldier who fought in the American Civil War. Hickok received his country's highest award for bravery during combat, the Medal of Honor. Hickok's medal was won for his actions at the Battle of Chaffin's Farm, on September 29, 1864. He was honored with the award on April 6, 1865.
Hickok was born in Danbury, Connecticut, where he entered service in the war and was buried.

## Medal of Honor citation

   The President of the United States of America, in the name of Congress, takes pleasure in presenting the Medal of Honor to Corporal Nathan E. Hickok, United States Army, for extraordinary heroism on 29 September 1864, while serving with Company A, 8th Connecticut Infantry, in action at Chapin's Farm, Virginia, for capture of flag.
# Meir Ashkenazi (rabbi)

Rabbi Meir Ashkenazi (Hebrew: מאיר אשכנזי) was a Chabad rabbi who served as chief Rabbi of Shanghai from 1926 to 1949.

## Early life

Ashkenazi was born to Shneur Zalman and Kayla (Zislin), Chabad Chasidim in Chernihiv. He was taught by his brothers and teachers in his hometown before leaving to study in Lubavitch at the Tomchei Tmimim yeshiva where he studied for a year despite contracting typhoid fever. He received semicha from Rabbi Tzvi Tumarkin and from Rabbi Chaim Eliezer Soloveitchik, the rabbi of the city and his future father in law. In 1914 he became engaged to Toiba Liba Soloveitchik but the wedding was postponed due to his enlistment in the Russian army during World War I.

## Rabbinic positions
### Vladivostok

He was appointed as rabbi of Vladivostok. In 1919 his future father in law fled to Harbin in Manchuria due to the spread of communism. He then married his wife in Harbin before returning to Vladivostok where he continued to serve as rabbi until 1926.

### Shanghai

In 1926, with the help of Jewish communist youth he had hosted in his home, he received exit visas to leave the Soviet Union for the United States of America. He planned to accept a position in Boston. En route to America he passed through Shanghai, China where Jewish community residents requested that he remain there and be appointed rabbi. Based on the direction of his rabbi, Rabbi Yosef Yitzchak Schneersohn, he accepted the offer and became the chief rabbi of Shanghai.
In 1927 he encouraged the creation of a larger space for the existing Ohel Moshe Synagogue. Today the synagogue is the Shanghai Jewish Refugees Museum where there is an exhibit dedicated to Ashkenazi's life and tenure as chief rabbi.
In 1934 his parents brought his son Moshe to Israel to study in Yeshivas Toras Emes in Shikun Chabad.
In 1939 Rabbi Ashkenazi helped set up a Talmud Torah for Jewish children. By 1941 it had 120 students and its height had 300 students. He also established a yeshiva ketana headed by his son-in-law, Rabbi Hershel Milner.
During the Holocaust, Ashkenazi assisted the thousands of Jews fleeing the Nazis that arrived in Shanghai as refugees. He also helped arrange weddings for the yeshiva students who became engaged during their time in Shanghai. Ashkenazi also collected funds for the yeshivas as well as being the preferred distribution channel for funds from elsewhere.
In 1949, after the majority of the refugees had left Shanghai and the Jewish community dwindled, Askenazi moved to Crown Heights, Brooklyn.

## Death

Ashkenazi died in 1954 and is buried in the Montefiore Cemetery in Queens, New York.
# Department of New England

The Department of New England was a Union Army Department created on October 1, 1861, consisting of the six New England States. The department was discontinued on February 20, 1862.

## Commanders

* Major General, Benjamin F. Butler, October 1, 1861 - February 20, 1862

## Posts in Department of New England

* Fort Adams, Rhode Island
# Kaous, Algeria

Kaous (Arabic: قاوس; Algerian Arabic: قاوس),. In 2008, the population was 26,137. Kaous is a commune of Jijel Province.
# Jamal Jahan

Jamal Jahan (Persian: جمال جهان, also Romanized as Jamāl Jahān) is a village in Tashan-e Gharbi Rural District, Tashan District, Behbahan County, Khuzestan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 116, in 18 families.
# Photographos

Photographos (Greek: Φωτογράφος, meaning photographer) is a Greek photography and imaging magazine, published monthly by Press Photo Publications and distributed with the Greek newspaper, Kathimerini and autonomously, the penultimate Saturday of each month (October 19 this month).
The magazine provides articles on equipment reviews, photographic and editing techniques, photographic history and profiles of professional photographers.

## About the magazine

Photographos is the longest running and most established photo magazine in Greece. Its first issue was published on December 5, 1989. From 1989 to 1994, the magazine was published semimonthly and in October 2003 the cooperation with Kathimerini began. The magazine is a member of the Technical Image Press Association (TIPA), the European Federation of Magazine Publishers (FAEP) and the International Federation of the Periodical Press (FIPP). Panayiotis Kaldis is the editor of this magazine that offers subscription services in Greece as well as other countries.
The activities of the magazine include the edition of books on photography and the organization of seminars for amateur and professional photographers. The Press Photo Publications company organizes every two years (since 1995), PHOTOVISION, the largest trade fair for the photographic and imaging industries in Greece.
# Charlie Comyn-Platt

Charlie Comyn-Platt (born 2 October 1985) is an English former professional footballer who played as a defender and midfielder.
Comyn-Platt attended Parrs Wood High School in East Didsbury along with fellow footballers Danny Webber, Carlos Roca and Lewis Montrose. He started his career at Bolton Wanderers under Sam Allardyce, and made his debut on 24 September 2003 as a late substitute in a 3–1 League Cup win over Walsall. Later in the 2003–04 season he started twice against Tranmere Rovers in the FA Cup. Comyn-Platt was in the match day squad for numerous Premier League games and also the 2004 League Cup Final, but in total, appeared for the Wanderers four times.
In the 2004–05 season he was loaned to Wycombe Wanderers for one month, playing five times for Tony Adams' side. He was released by Bolton Wanderers at the end of the season and signed by Andy King for Swindon Town along with fellow Bolton youngster Ricky Shakes.
Comyn-Platt did not play much under King, but after his dismissal he found himself a regular player in the team under Iffy Onuora. Though Swindon were relegated at the end of the 2005–06 season, Comyn-Platt signed a new one-year contract. In 2006–07, Comyn-Platt was a consistent member of the first team under Dennis Wise's reign, but then found himself out of favour under Paul Sturrock. In total, Comyn-Platt appeared 42 times for Swindon. On 23 November 2006 he joined Grays Athletic on loan until January 2007, playing five times in the league for the club.
On 31 January 2007, Comyn-Platt joined Rochdale just a few minutes before the transfer window closed at midnight. He signed an 18-month contract, but didn't play in his first half-season, and his contract was terminated by mutual consent in July 2007.
In November 2007 he signed for and captained Conference South side Weston-super-Mare. In early 2009 he moved to Australian club ECU Joondalup. In June 2011, he went on trial with A-League club Perth Glory and after failing to secure a deal with Perth he returned to England and spent time with Forest Green Rovers.
In October 2011, Comyn-Platt signed for Cirencester Town. He left the club shortly after however to return to Australia and play for ECU Joondalup. He returned to England in 2015 to pursue a career in coaching. He worked in Oldham Athletic's Academy and now works for Liverpool F.C. International Academy.
As of December 2023, Comyn-Platt lives in Liminka, Finland.
# Fire Services Museum, Macau

The Fire Services Museum (Chinese: 消防博物館; Portuguese: Museu dos Bombeiros) is a museum about firefighting in Santo António, Macau, China.

## History

The museum building was constructed in 1920. The museum was opened on 11 December 1999.

## Architecture

The museum building was built in a European style. It has two exhibition halls with a total area of 350 m$^2$.

## Exhibitions

The museum exhibits more than 700 artifacts about fire fighting system, including vehicles and instruments to extinguish fire.
# Department of the South

The Department of the South was a military department of the United States Army that existed in several iterations in the 19th century during and after the American Civil War.

## 1862–65

After the first 11 months of the American Civil War, starting March 15, 1862, the Department of the South comprised Union Army troops occupying the states of Florida (March 15, 1862 to August 8, 1862 and thereafter only parts of the State of Florida), Georgia, and South Carolina. This included troops stationed at Hilton Head and Morris Island in South Carolina, along with Savannah, Georgia and Pensacola, Florida. On August 8, 1862, Florida west of the Apalachicola River was detached to the Department of the Gulf. On March 16, 1863, Key West and the Dry Tortugas were transferred to the Department of the Gulf. Until 1864, the department's command was coterminous with that of the X Corps. North Carolina was added to the department briefly, from January 18, 1865 to January 31, 1865.
On May 17, 1865, that part of Florida remaining in the department was transferred to the Department of the Gulf. Under General Orders No. 118 on June 27, 1865, the States of Georgia and South Carolina were merged into the Department of Georgia and the Department of South Carolina. This order ended this iteration of the Department of the South until it was reconstituted with different territory on May 19, 1866.

### Commanders

* Major General David Hunter, March 31 to September 3, 1862
* Major General Ormsby M. Mitchel, September 3, 1862 to October 30, 1862 (died of yellow fever)
* Brigadier General John M. Brannan, October 30, 1862 to January 21, 1863
* Major General David Hunter, January 21 to June 3, 1863
* Major General Quincy Adams Gilmore, June 12, 1863, to May 1, 1864
* Brigadier General John P. Hatch, May 1, 1864 to May 26, 1864
* Major General John G. Foster, May 26, 1864 to February 11, 1865
* Major General Quincy Adams Gilmore, February 9 to November 17, 1865.

## 1866-1867

This iteration of the Department of the South, organized on May 19, 1866, comprised posts in Georgia and Alabama. On August 6, 1866, it was reorganized to include North Carolina and South Carolina from the Department of the Carolinas. Georgia and Alabama were moved to the Department of Tennessee. On May 11, 1867, this iteration of the department was merged into the Second Military District.

## 1868

This iteration of the Department of the South comprised posts in North Carolina and South Carolina from the Second Military District and posts in Alabama, Florida and Georgia from the Third Military District. It was commanded by General George G. Meade from July 28, 1868 to March 13, 1869.

## 1869–1883

In this iteration, the Department of the South comprised reconstructed states in the former Confederacy. It was subordinate to the Military Division of the South until 1876, and the Military Division of the Atlantic after that.

### Commanders

* Brigadier General Thomas Howard Ruger, September 8, 1876–July 1, 1878
* Brigadier General Christopher Columbus Augur, July 1, 1878–December 26, 1880
* Colonel Henry Jackson Hunt, January 6, 1881–September 14, 1883
# Iry-pat

Iry-pat in hieroglyphs :
Iry-pat (Ancient Egyptian: jrj-pꜥt "member of the elite") was an ancient Egyptian ranking title, that is a title announcing a high position in the hierarchy of the country. Iry-pat was indeed the highest ranking title at the royal court, and only the most important officials could bear this title. The title is already attested in the First Dynasty: one of the first holders was Merka, official under king Qa'a.
In the New Kingdom, the title was often the crown prince and the title announced that the holder was the second ruler in the country. It is therefore sometimes translated as Hereditary or Crown Prince. Under Tutankhamun, Horemheb was officially designated the iry-pat or successor to this pharaoh but did not succeed the boy king since Ay intervened to seize the throne instead for about 4 years before Horemheb assumed power as pharaoh.
# Gisela Mashayekhi-Beer

Gisela Mashayekhi-Beer (born before 1966) is an Austrian flautist and professor at the University of Music and Performing Arts Vienna as well as lecturer at the Joseph-Haydn-Konservatorium des Landes Burgenland [de].

## Life

Mashayekhi-Beer was born in Passau. She studied from 1983 at the Mozarteum University Salzburg with Helmut Zangerle, who was the solo flautist of the Mozarteum Orchestra Salzburg. During her time in Salzburg, she also took part in the master classes of the Summer school with Peter-Lukas Graf.
In 1985 she changed to the University of Music and Performing Arts Vienna, where she studied for the next two years with Wolfgang Schulz, solo flautist of the Vienna Philharmonic. In 1986 Schulz brought her into the Vienna Chamber Orchestra as his successor, with whom she also played her first major tours in South America and Japan.
In addition to her work in the orchestra, she founded the Ensemble Wien with the composer Nader Mashayekhi in 2001. The ensemble's mission is to perform contemporary music in connection with other arts or contrasting music, opening the listener's ears in a new and different way to new music. So there were for example concerts with contemporary Japanese composers, together with European composers who were influenced by Japanese art and traditional Japanese music; or Austrian contemporary music together with Johann Sebastian Bach's The Musical Offering, or even a portrait of the Persian poet Forugh Farrokhzad, with compositions by the Persian composer Nader Mashayekhi and recitation by the actress Hanna Schygulla, to name but a few of the projects. During this time, Mashayekhi-Beer intensified her engagement with contemporary music and its instrument-specific new techniques and profited from collaborations with composers such as Hans Zender, Toru Takemitsu, and Peter Ablinger.
# Left Worker-communist Party of Iraq

The Left Worker-communist Party of Iraq (Arabic: الحزب الشيوعي العمالي اليساري العراقي) is a small political party in Iraq, formed in 2004.
The party was formed by a group of communists, some of whom were members in the Worker-Communist Party of Iraq soon after the WCPIraq decided to support the Worker-Communist Party of Iran - Hekmatist; the Left tendency was to desire to maintain links with the Worker-Communist Party of Iran, believing that group held to a clear revolutionary and socialist position and maintained the line of Worker Communism as laid out by its founder, Mansoor Hekmat.
The current leader of LWPI is Issam Shukri. He is also a member of Central Committee and Politburo of WPI.
# Cape Gloucester Airport

Cape Gloucester Airport is an airport in West New Britain Province, Papua New Guinea. (IATA: CGC, ICAO: AYCG). The airport is a single runway general aviation facility; at the present time there is no scheduled commercial service to the airport.

## History

Construction of Cape Gloucester Airport originally began in 1942 by the Australians. When the area was seized by the Japanese, it was improved into a two-runway airfield. Later, the area was liberated by the United States Marines on 30 December 1943. Three American aviation engineer battalions were sent to the airfield where they found their work impeded by heavy rains. Marine L-4 aircraft (military versions of the Piper Cub) began operating from a road near the airfield as early as 2 January, and other aircraft were able to make emergency landings. The available engineering forces planned to have the airfield operational for fighters by 1 February but American aircraft did not start operating from the strip until February 1944, but moved out by the end of March.
Cape Gloucester was later developed as an American and an Australian air base but it was never a particularly significant one. After the war, the airfield remained in use for civilian aircraft to service the Cape Gloucester area. It is not used by larger commercial flights, and is occasionally closed due to volcanic activity in the area.

### Major USAAF units assigned

* 8th Fighter Group (20 February – 14 March 1944)
    Headquarters, 35th Fighter Squadron, P-40 Warhawk; 80th Fighter Squadron, P-38 Lightning
* 8th Photo Reconnaissance Squadron (6th Photo Reconnaissance Group) (dates undetermined)
In addition, the 12th Defense Battalion (USMC) was assigned to the airfield between 30 December 1943 and late May 1944. Royal Australian Air Force units based at Cape Gloucester consisted of No. 78 Squadron, equipped with P-40 Warhawks. The facility, however, was not very usable, as the mud during the winter rainy season was so bad most aircraft could not use the airfield.