OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Getargel

40°14′33″N 44°35′46″E﻿ / ﻿40.24250°N 44.59611°E﻿ / 40.24250; 44.59611
Getargel (Armenian: Գետարգել), formerly known as Radiokayanin kits (ռադիոկայանին կից), or SMO, is a village in the Kotayk Province of Armenia.
The Dzagavank Monastery, also known as the Surp Nshan Monastery of Getargel, is located on the village's southern outskirts. The monastery consists of two churches: the main church of Surp Nshan dating back to the 7th century, and the 13th-century two-story chapel. The monastic complex was entirely renovated between 2001 and 2004.
As of the 2011 census, the population of the village is 795. In addition to Armenians, the village has a Kurdish population.

## Gallery

* Church of Surp Nshan of Dzagavank Monastery of the 7th century
* The 13th-century chapel at Dzagavank Monastery
# Australian Boat Race

The Australian Boat Race is an annual rowing race between the University of Sydney and the University of Melbourne. The event hosts men's and women's races in eights, with the venue alternating each year between the two cities, typically on Sydney Harbour and the Yarra River in Melbourne.

## History

Sydney and Melbourne University are Australia’s oldest universities, and their rowing clubs - the Sydney University Boat Club (SUBC) and Melbourne University Boat Club (MUBC) - were founded in 1860 and 1859 respectively. An informal race was held between the two clubs in 1860 on the Yarra River in Melbourne. With the addition of the University of Adelaide in the late 19th century and further universities throughout the 20th century, the annual "Inter-Varsity" rowing competition between Australian universities continues to the present day.
In 2009, the first Australian Boat Race, contested between the University of Sydney and University of Melbourne, was held as a time trial as part of the Head of the Yarra regatta in Melbourne. Following this event, the Vice-Chancellors of the two Universities agreed to an annual "match race" between men's eights and women's eights.

## The race

The men compete for The Edmund Barton Trophy, named in honour of Edmund Barton, who was Australia's first Prime Minister, and who represented the University of Sydney in the first official intervarsity race between Sydney, Melbourne and Adelaide universities in 1870.
The women compete for The Bella Guerin Trophy, named in honour of Bella Guerin who was the first woman graduate of the University of Melbourne, and who was active in women’s causes and fought for the inclusion of women in political life.
Each of the women's and men's events are raced as eights in a side-by-side format, with the boats starting at the same time from a stationary position, and the winner being the boat that crosses the finish line first. The location of the race alternates each year, with the event typically being held on Sydney Harbour and the Yarra River in Melbourne.

## Results

Winners :
| Year | Host | Mens | Womens | Comments |
| 2009 | Melbourne | Melbourne | Melbourne | Raced as part of the Head of the Yarra regatta |
| 2010 | Sydney | Sydney | Melbourne | |
| 2011 | Melbourne | Sydney | Melbourne | |
| 2012 | Sydney | Sydney | Melbourne | |
| 2013 | Melbourne | Melbourne | Melbourne | |
| 2014 | Sydney | Sydney | Melbourne | |
| 2015 | Melbourne | Sydney | Melbourne | |
| 2016 | Sydney | Sydney | Melbourne | |
| 2017 | Melbourne | Sydney | Sydney | |
| 2018 | Sydney | Sydney | Sydney | |
| 2019 | Melbourne | Sydney | Sydney | |
| 2020 | | - | - | Cancelled due to COVID-19 pandemic |
| 2021 | | - | - | Cancelled due to COVID-19 pandemic |
| 2022 | Sydney | Sydney | Sydney | |
| 2023 | Melbourne | Sydney | Sydney | |
| 2024 | Sydney | Sydney | Sydney | |
Summary of Wins :
| | Mens | Womens |
| University of Sydney | 12 | 6 |
| University of Melbourne | 2 | 8 |
Note, summary as at end of 2024 event.
# Elysian Beach

Elysian Beach (Bulgarian: Елисейски бряг, romanized: Eliseyski bryag, IPA:) is the ice-free 2 km long beach on the east side of Byewater Point on the northwest coast of Snow Island in the South Shetland Islands, Antarctica. The area was visited by early 19th century sealers.
The feature is named after the Elysian Fields, part of the underworld in Greek mythology.

## Location

Elysian Beach is centred at 62°45′05″S 61°29′00″W﻿ / ﻿62.75139°S 61.48333°W﻿ / -62.75139; -61.48333, which is 6.25 km west-southwest of Irnik Point. Bulgarian mapping in 2009 and 2017.

## Maps

* L. Ivanov. Antarctica: Livingston Island and Greenwich, Robert, Snow and Smith Islands. Scale 1:120000 topographic map. Troyan: Manfred Wörner Foundation, 2010. ISBN 978-954-92032-9-5 (First edition 2009. ISBN 978-954-92032-6-4)
* L. Ivanov. Antarctica: Livingston Island and Smith Island. Scale 1:100000 topographic map. Manfred Wörner Foundation, 2017. ISBN 978-619-90008-3-0
* Antarctic Digital Database (ADD). Scale 1:250000 topographic map of Antarctica. Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research (SCAR). Since 1993, regularly upgraded and updated
# Lake Sabaudia

Lake Sabaudia (Italian: Lago di Sabaudia), also known as Lake Paola (Italian: Lago di Paola), is a coastal lake in central Italy. Located in the comune of Sabaudia along the coast of the Tyrrhenian Sea, the lake entirely falls within the limits of Circeo National Park.
In 1963–1964, the Giovanni XXIII Bridge was built across the lake linking the sand dune to the town of Sabaudia.
# Fibroblast growth factor 23

Fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF-23) is a protein and member of the fibroblast growth factor (FGF) family which participates in the regulation of phosphate in plasma and vitamin D metabolism. In humans it is encoded by the FGF23 gene. FGF-23 decreases reabsorption of phosphate in the kidney. Mutations in FGF23 can lead to its increased activity, resulting in autosomal dominant hypophosphatemic rickets.

## Description

Fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) is a protein which in humans is encoded by the FGF23 gene. FGF23 is a member of the fibroblast growth factor (FGF) family which participates in phosphate and vitamin D metabolism and regulation.

## Function

FGF23´s main function is to regulate the phosphate concentration in plasma. It does this by decreasing reabsorption of phosphate in the kidney, which means phosphate is excreted in urine. FGF23 is secreted by osteocytes in response to increased calcitriol and phosphate. FGF23 acts on the kidneys by decreasing the expression of NPT2, a sodium-phosphate cotransporter in the proximal tubule.
FGF23 may also suppress 1-alpha-hydroxylase, reducing its ability to activate vitamin D and subsequently impairing calcium absorption.

## Genetics

In humans FGF23 is encoded by the FGF23 gene, which is located on chromosome 12 and is composed of three exons. The gene was identified by its mutations associated with autosomal dominant hypophosphatemic rickets.

## Clinical significance

Mutations in FGF23, which render the protein resistant to proteolytic cleavage, lead to its increased activity and to renal phosphate loss, in the human disease autosomal dominant hypophosphatemic rickets.
FGF23 can also be overproduced by some types of tumors, such as the benign mesenchymal neoplasm phosphaturic mesenchymal tumor causing tumor-induced osteomalacia, a paraneoplastic syndrome.
Loss of FGF23 activity is thought to lead to increased phosphate levels and the clinical syndrome of familial tumor calcinosis. Mice lacking either FGF23 or the klotho enzyme age prematurely due to hyperphosphatemia.
Over-expression of FGF23 has been associated with cardiovascular disease in chronic kidney disease including cardiomyocyte hypertrophy, vascular calcification, stroke, and endothelial dysfunction.
FGF23 expression and cleavage is promoted by iron deficiency and inflammation.
FGF23 is associated with at least 7 non-nutritional diseases of hypophosphatemia: aside from autosomal dominant hypophosphatemic rickets, X-linked hypophosphatemia, autosomal recessive hypophosphatemic rickets type 1, 2, and 3, Tumor-induced osteomalacia and Hypophosphatemic rickets with hypercalciuria.

## History

Prior to its discovery in 2000, it was hypothesized that a protein existed which performed the functions subsequently shown for FGF23. This putative protein was known as phosphatonin. Several types of effects were described including impairment of sodium dependent phosphate transport in both intestinal and renal brush border membrane vesicles, inhibition of production of calcitriol, stimulation of breakdown of calcitriol, and inhibition of production/secretion of parathyroid hormone.
# Bruno Silva

Bruno Silva may refer to:
* Bruno Silva (fighter), Brazilian middleweight mixed martial artist, born 1989
* Bruno Gustavo da Silva, Brazilian flyweight mixed martial artist, born 1990
* Bruno Silva (football manager), Brazilian football coach
* Bruno Silva (footballer, born 1980), Uruguayan footballer
* Bruno Silva (footballer, born 1986), Brazilian footballer who plays for Avai
* Bruno Silva (footballer, born 1988), Brazilian footballer who plays for Guarani
* Bruno (footballer, born 1989), Brazilian footballer who played in Japan
* Bruno Silva (footballer, born April 1991), Brazilian footballer who plays for PSPS Riau
* Bruno Silva (footballer, born May 1991), Portuguese footballer who plays for Almancilense
* Bruno Silva (footballer, born 1992), Brazilian footballer, full name Bruno da Silva Fonseca, who plays for C.D. Mafra
* Bruno Silva (footballer, born 1994), Portuguese footballer
* Bruno Silva (footballer, born 2000), Brazilian footballer who plays for Chapecoense
* Bruno Silva (cyclist), Portuguese cyclist
# Chapada das Mesas National Park

Chapada das Mesas National Park (Portuguese: Parque Nacional da Chapada das Mesas) is a national park in the state of Maranhão, Brazil. It was created to preserve the untouched cerrado vegetation of the region, and as a barrier against the advance of farming.

## Location

The park has an area of 159,952 hectares (395,250 acres) and is in the Cerrado biome. It was created on 12 December 2005, and is administered by the Chico Mendes Institute for Biodiversity Conservation. The park lies in the municipalities of Riachão, Estreito and Carolina in the state of Maranhão.
Average annual rainfall is 1,400 millimetres (55 in), Temperatures range from 15 to 39 °C (59 to 102 °F) with an average of 26 °C (79 °F). The highest point is 700 metres (2,300 ft) above sea level. The vegetation is characteristically that of the Cerrado, but includes open areas of grassland. The terrain includes hills and plateaus. The main rivers are the Farinha River in the north part and the Itapecuru River in the south, both fed by many springs and streams in the park.
The park is in the Chapada das Mesas region, which has significant tourist potential due its pleasant climate, sandstone cliffs with rock carvings, many waterfalls and other attractions. Most of the attractions are in areas where the environment has been modified or which have large human populations, so are outside the park. Within the park the two main tourist attractions for many years were the São Romão and Prata waterfalls. The park is not open to visitors.

## Conservation

As a national park the basic objectives are preservation of natural ecosystems of great ecological relevance and scenic beauty, enabling scientific research, educational activities, outdoor recreation and eco-tourism. The park was created primarily because it is an untouched Cerrado area that is threatened by the recent expansion of the agricultural frontier in Maranhão. It also contains more than 400 springs of important waterways. Protected species in the park include the oncilla (Leopardus tigrinus), ocelot (Leopardus pardalis), cougar (Puma concolor), giant anteater (Myrmecophaga tridactyla), bare-faced curassow (Crax fasciolata) and Chaco eagle (Buteogallus coronatus).
* Prata waterfall
* São Romão waterfall
# Dziwożona

Dziwożona (or Mamuna or Boginka) is a female swamp demon in Slavic mythology known for being malicious and dangerous. Most at risk of becoming one of these demons after death were thought to be midwives, old maids, unmarried mothers, pregnant women who die before childbirth, as well as abandoned children born out of wedlock.

## Etymology

From dziwo (God, sacred, wonder, see Deus) + żona (female, see gyne). In Slovak she was called „diva lena”/ „divá žena”, in Czech „divoženka”, which means "wild woman". In modern Polish the literal meaning is strangewife. This is also where the Polish "dziwożona" came from; the term was popularized by the writer Zygmunt Kaczkowski in his book written in 1855 under the same name. Other names include the Hutsul dykaja żena or the Sorb wódna żona. The term Dziwożona is exclusive to mountain regions; in different places, a similar spirit was called mamuna or boginka, and later all three became rusalka.

## Behaviour

Dziwożona was said to live in thickets near rivers, streams and lakes. According to some, she took the form of an ugly, old woman with a hairy body, long straight hair and breasts so huge that she uses them to wash her clothes. On her head she wore a red hat with a fern twig attached to it.
Dziwożona was said to kidnap human babies just after they were born and replace them with her own children, known as foundlings or changelings. A changeling could be recognized by its uncommon appearance – disproportionate body, often with some kind of disability – as well as its wickedness. It had a huge abdomen, unusually small or large head, a hump, thin arms and legs, a hairy body and long claws; it also prematurely cut its first teeth. Its behaviour was said to be marked by a great spitefulness towards people around it, a fear of its mother, noisiness, reluctance to sleep and exceptional gluttony. As an adult (which was in fact rare, as nearly all changelings were thought to die in early childhood), it was disabled, gibbered instead of talked, and mistrusted people.
To protect a child against being kidnapped by Dziwożona, a mother had to tie a red ribbon around its hand (this custom is still preserved in some regions of Poland, although without the original meaning), put a red hat on its head and shield its face from the light of the moon. Under no circumstances should she wash its nappies after sunset nor turn her head away from the child when it was asleep. Another method of deterring a Dziwożona was to keep a St. John's wort flower at home or to grab it when the danger was direct. This practice is also described in sources describing boginki.
However, even if Dziwożona managed to take a baby away, there was still a way to get it back. The mother had to take the changeling to a midden, whip it with a birch twig and pour water over it from an eggshell, shouting "Take yours, give mine back!", at which point Dziwożona normally felt sorry for her offspring and took it away, returning the one she stole.
# Thomas Hurka

Thomas Hurka (born 1952) is a Canadian philosopher who holds the Jackman Distinguished Chair in Philosophical Studies at the University of Toronto and who taught previously, from 1978 to 2002, at the University of Calgary.

## Education and career

After graduating from the University of Toronto Schools, he received a BA at the University of Toronto and a BPhil and DPhil from Oxford University.
He was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society of Canada in 2001.

## Philosophical work

Hurka has published works on a number of topics, including the topics of goodness, virtue, and ethics. His philosophy focuses on the well-rounded life. He cited that goods, which come in four basic categories - pleasure, knowledge, achievement, and virtue - matter more the less of them you have. In his theory, he stressed that it is more appropriate to seek a balanced variety of them all instead of devoting oneself to one kind. His conception of virtue is different from the view that an agent ought to maximize their own good, which requires being virtuous. Instead, Hurka stressed that "agents ought to maximize the good of all, which requires conventionally right action, and as a side effect can maximize their own good."
Hurka has also studied the ethics of fighting global warming. He maintained that if we reject the notion that individuals should only pursue their own self-interest, then we can assign ethical standing to a wider range of beings besides ourselves. This is significant in addressing global warming because it morally pushes towards strategies of avoiding instead of adapting to climate change.
# Girayr

Girayr (also spelled Jirair or Zhirair), born Harutiun-Mardiros Boyadjian (Armenian: Ժիրայր, Յարութիւն-Մարտիրոս Պօյաճեան; 1856 – 24 March 1894), was an Armenian fedayi leader and activist of the Social Democrat Hunchakian Party. He was the senior brother of fedayi leader Medzn Murad.

## Biography

Harutiun-Mardiros Boyadjian was born in the town of Hadjin in the region of Cilicia. He had a younger brother, Hampartsum (later known as Medzn Murad) and a sister, Haykanush, both of whom also participated in the Armenian national movement. He studied at the Vartanian School in Hadjin and then continued his studies in Constantinople from 1872 to 1874. Afterwards, he returned to Hadjin and worked as a teacher. From 1875 to 1889 he lived in the Russian Empire, where he was exposed to contemporary revolutionary ideas. He returned to Hadjin in 1890 and became director of the school attached to Hadjin's St Toros church. That same year, Girayr and two of his friends founded a local branch of the Social Democrat Hunchakian Party. After Girayr's brother Hampartsum organized the Kum Kapu demonstration in Constantinople, the Turkish authorities decided to arrest him. Girayr fled his hometown and lived and taught in various Armenian communities of the Ottoman Empire, including Dörtyol, Antep, Adana, and Pingian. In 1891, Girayr and his brother Hampartsum were sentenced in absentia to 12- and 10-years imprisonment, respectively, for their revolutionary activities.
Girayr advocated for solidarity between the oppressed people of the Ottoman Empire and established contacts with Kurdish and Turkish revolutionary activists. Girayr founded a fedayee group for his revolutionary activities. Known as "Girayr the Great" (Medzn Girayr), he mainly acted in the regions of Cilicia and Sebastia. In 1892 he edited and distributed papers against Abdul Hamid II's absolutist rule. In October 1893, Girayr ordered Hunchakian activists to organize a demonstration in Yozgat, which ended in violent clashes between the town's Turkish and Armenian populations. In 1894, after the Ottoman authorities arrested 850 innocent Armenians in retaliation for the demonstration, Girayr agreed to surrender himself, after which he was tried and publicly hanged in Yozgat.
Vahram Papazian acted as Girayr in a play written by Hemayag Aramiants in 1908.
# Porumbești, Satu Mare

Porumbești (Hungarian: Kökényesd, Hungarian pronunciation:, meaning "Full of Blackthorns"; Rusyn: Кикиньишд) is a commune situated in Satu Mare County, Romania. It is composed of two villages, Cidreag (Hungarian: Csedreg; Rusyn: Чедреґ) and Porumbești. These were part of Halmeu Commune until 2005, when they were split off. At the 2011 census, 81.4% of inhabitants were Hungarians, 16.8% Roma and 1.6% Romanians.
The commune is located in the northwestern part of the county, on the border with Ukraine and near the border with Hungary, 37.8 km (23.5 mi) north of the country seat, Satu Mare. Its neighbors are Halmeu commune to the east, Turulung commune to the southeast, Micula commune to the southwest, and, on the Ukrainian side, Paladu Mare [ro] commune to the west and Nevetlenfalău [ro] commune to the north.
# Bargushat

Bargushat (Armenian: Բարգուշատ) is a village in the Kapan Municipality of the Syunik Province in Armenia.
# 2008 Football Northern Territory season

The 2008 Football Northern Territory season in Northern Territory in Australia lasted from late April to mid-September. The men's competitions consisted of two major divisions across the State.

## League table
### 2008 North Zone Premier League

The season began on 26 April, concluding with the Grand Final on 13 September.
| Pos | Team | Pld | W | D | L | GF | GA | GD | Pts | Qualification |
| 1 | Darwin Olympic (C) | 14 | 13 | 0 | 1 | 69 | 11 | +58 | 39 | Qualification to Final Series |
| 2 | Casuarina | 14 | 12 | 1 | 1 | 38 | 10 | +28 | 37 | Qualification to Final Series |
| 3 | Hellenic | 14 | 10 | 1 | 3 | 46 | 21 | +25 | 31 | Qualification to Final Series |
| 4 | Port Darwin | 14 | 6 | 1 | 7 | 28 | 20 | +8 | 19 | Qualification to Final Series |
| 5 | Nakara Azzurri | 14 | 4 | 2 | 8 | 31 | 28 | +3 | 14 | |
| 6 | Darwin Dragons | 14 | 4 | 0 | 10 | 23 | 43 | −20 | 12 | |
| 7 | Mindil Padres | 14 | 3 | 1 | 10 | 12 | 52 | −40 | 10 | |
| 8 | Palmerston | 14 | 1 | 0 | 13 | 13 | 75 | −62 | 3 | |

### Finals series

| Semi-finals | Semi-finals | Semi-finals | Preliminary Final | Preliminary Final | Preliminary Final | Grand Final | Grand Final | Grand Final |
| 1 | Darwin Olympic | 3 | | | | Darwin Olympic | Darwin Olympic | 2 |
| 2 | Casuarina | 1 | | | | Casuarina | Casuarina | 0 |
| | | | Casuarina | Casuarina | 1 (6) | | | |
| | | | Port Darwin | Port Darwin | 1 (5) | | | |
| 3 | Hellenic | 1 | | | | | | |
| 4 | Port Darwin | 4 | | | | | | |

### 2008 South Zone A Grade

The season began on 27 April, concluding on 31 August.
| Pos | Team | Pld | W | D | L | GF | GA | GD | Pts |
| 1 | Verdi FC (C) | 9 | 7 | 0 | 2 | 33 | 9 | +24 | 21 |
| 2 | Scorpions FC | 9 | 4 | 1 | 4 | 27 | 20 | +7 | 13 |
| 3 | Probuild United | 9 | 3 | 1 | 5 | 12 | 36 | −24 | 10 |
| 4 | Vikings FC | 9 | 3 | 0 | 6 | 18 | 25 | −7 | 9 |

### Finals series

| Semi-finals | Semi-finals | Preliminary Final | Preliminary Final | Grand Final | Grand Final | Grand Final |
| 1 | Verdi FC | | | Verdi FC | Verdi FC | 4 |
| 2 | Scorpions FC | | | Vikings FC | Vikings FC | 1 |
| | | Scorpions FC | Scorpions FC | | | |
| | | Vikings FC | Vikings FC | | | |
| 3 | Probuild United | | | | | |
| 4 | Vikings FC | | | | | |
# Barreira Megalithic Complex

The Barreira Megalithic Complex (Portuguese: Conjunto Megalítico de Barreira) is located in the Sintra municipality in the Lisbon District of Portugal. Situated on a small wooded hill overlooking the village of Odrinhas, site of Roman ruins and an archaeological museum, it consists of about twenty menhirs and other monoliths or megaliths.
The site, which is assumed to be a dolmen or cromlech, contains mainly cylindrical stones of varying heights, with the largest being approximately four metres tall. The size of the stones decreased as they became more distant from the central menhir and the megaliths were arranged irregularly depending on the terrain. No carved or painted symbols have been detected, except for a few pairs of small circular cavities, possibly representing eyes. A small number of items have been found to the west of the complex, including flints from the Lower Paleolithic, ceramic fragments and other items from the Neolithic period, and ceramic fragments from the Iron Age, suggesting that the site has been reused over time.
The complex was not identified as a megalithic site until 1961 when it was studied by Gil Estevam Miguéis Andrade and Eduardo Prescott Vicente, who continued their studies in subsequent years. In 1975 several monoliths were removed to be used in construction work at the Port of Ericeira. In 1985, three more menhirs were also removed by the landowners, including the central monolith. It was classified as a Site of Public Interest in 1993.
# Sarab-e Zarem

Sarab-e Zarem (Persian: سراب زارم, also Romanized as Sarāb-e Zārem) is a village in Shirvan Rural District, in the Central District of Borujerd County, Lorestan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 471, in 131 families.