OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Paghakn

Paghakn (Armenian: Պաղակն) is a village in the Amasia Municipality of the Shirak Province of Armenia.

## Demographics

The population of the village since 1886 is as follows:
| Year | Population |
| 1886 | 171 |
| 1897 | 249 |
| 1926 | 223 |
| 1939 | 341 |
| 1959 | 173 |
| 1970 | 219 |
| 1979 | 260 |
| 1989 | 55 |
| 1990 | 300 |
| 2001 | 39 |
| 2004 | 32 |
# Abd al-Hadi (name)

ʻAbd al-Hādī (ALA-LC romanization of Arabic: عبد الهادي) is a Muslim male given name, and in modern usage, surname. It is built from the Arabic words ʻabd and al-Hādī, one of the names of God in the Qur'an, which give rise to the Muslim theophoric names. It means "servant of the Guide".
It may refer to:

## Given name

* Sheikh 'Abd al-Hadi Aqhili, one of the names used by Ivan Aguéli (1869–1917), Swedish Sufi painter and author
* Abdul Hadi Abdul Hamid (born 1987), Malaysian footballer
* Abdul Hadi Arghandiwal (born 1952), Afghan politician
* Abdul Hadi Awang (born 1947), Malaysian politician
* Abdul Haddi Bin Hadiddi (born 1969), Tunisian held in Guantanamo
* Abdul Hadi Dawai (1894–1982), Afghan poet and diplomat
* Abd Al Hadi Omar Mahmoud Faraj (born c. 1981), Syrian held in Guantanamo
* Abdel Hadi Al Gazzar (1925–1966), Egyptian painter
* Abdelhadi Habassa (born 1976), Moroccan runner
* Abdulhadi Al Hariri (born 1982), Syrian footballer
* Abdul Hadi al Iraqi (born 1961), Iraqi terrorist held in Guantanamo
* Abdel Hadi Kandil (born 1935), Egyptian chemist and politician
* Abdulhadi Khalaf (born 1945), Bahraini political activist
* Abdulhadi Alkhawaja (born 1962), Bahraini political activist
* Abdel-Hadi Al-Maharmeh (born 1983), Jordanian footballer
* Abdel Hadi Mahbooba (died 2005), Iraqi academic
* Abdulhadi Isa Omran (born 1962), Egyptian medical professor
* Abdul Hadi Palazzi, leader of Italian Muslim Assembly
* Abdelhadi Said (born 1974), Moroccan poet
* Abdulhadi Abdallah Ibrahim al Sharakh (born 1982), Saudi held in Guananamo
* Abdul Hady Talukdar, Bangladeshi academic administrator, educationalist
* Abdelhadi Tazi (1921–2015), Moroccan diplomat
* Abdul Hadi Yahya (born 1985), Malaysian footballer
* Abd al-Hadi al-Shirazi
* Abd al-Hadi al-Fadli

## Surname

* Awni Abd al-Hadi (1889–1970), Palestinian politician
* Amin Abd al-Hadi (1897–1967), Palestinian politician
* Bouchaib Abdelhadi, Moroccan musician
* Mahdi Abdul Hadi (born 1944), Palestinian lawyer
* Laakkad Abdelhadi (born 1977), Moroccan footballer
* Medhat Abdel-Hady (born 1974), Egyptian footballer
* Tarab Abdul Hadi (1910–1976), Palestinian Muslim activist and feminist
* Zain Abdul Hady (born 1956), Egyptian journalist and novelist
# Glendy B. Arnold

Glendy Burke Arnold (1875–1955) was an attorney and judge in St. Louis, Missouri, in the early 20th century.

## Personal

Arnold was born January 30, 1875, in Frankfort, Kentucky, his father being Christian minister T.N. Arnold. The younger Arnold attended public and private schools in Frankfort, the Kentucky Military Institute and then studied law at Washington University School of Law, entering private practice in 1901.
He was married in 1907 to Cora Connett of St. Joseph, Mo., who died in 1950. They had no children.
He was elected president of the Missouri Athletic Association in March 1930.
He died on February 25, 1955, after a short illness.

## Career

Arnold was engaged in private practice with the firm of Boyle & Priest but left on November 1, 1909, because he felt the firm had favored a candidate for the Democratic nomination for district attorney, for which Arnold's brother-in-law, William C. Connett, was also campaigning.
Active in Democratic politics, he was an assistant circuit attorney in 1913-14 and a candidate for circuit judge in 1914. The next year he was named circuit judge by Governor Elliot Woolfolk Major to fill a vacancy.
He was an unsuccessful candidate for the Missouri Supreme Court in 1915, and he was chairman of the Board of Election Commissioners from 1918 to 1921.
In 1916 he was associated with the United Railways Company of St. Louis, and 1926 he was general counsel for the St. Louis Chamber of Commerce. In that year also he was active in a drive to exchange the uses of the Eads Bridge with the Municipal Bridge, putting railroads on the former and ending vehicular tolls on the latter.
Arnold, as chairman of the St Louis Election Board, was attacked by ex-Governor Joseph W. Folk in July 1918 for what Folk said was his activity on behalf of Folk's opponent for the Democratic nomination for senator, Xenophon P. Wilfley.
Arnold proposed to the Missouri State Legislature in 1919 that voter registration be made permanent instead of expiring every four years.
He was chairman of The Missouri Bar in 1922.
Arnold was elected a probate judge in 1934 and put into effect rules to provide additional safeguards for estates under his jurisdiction. He was re-elected in 1938 and remained in office until February 1954, when he retired.

### Divorce court

In Arnold's first year as a divorce court judge, he was interviewed in December 1915 by St. Louis Post-Dispatch writer and illustrator Marguerite Martyn. He denied a rumor that he was depressed by his work but offered his opinion that the divorce courts "are farce, a joke," adding:
   No, I don’t mean the cases. They are for the most part just disgusting and revolting. I am ashamed of the laws that govern our procedures. Why, the divorce court is a school for perjury. You will hear more perjury in one divorce suit than in any other dozen civil cases!
He advocated divorces that could simply be granted if the opposing party did not object.
# Zarzita

Zarzita (زرزيتا) is a village in northwestern Syria, located in the Jebel Jalaqa region of the Dead Cities. It was constructed in the 5th-6th century CE, a time when local agricultural prosperity supported many surrounding monastic communities.

## Location

The ruins of Zarzita stand on the western slopes of Jebel Sheikh Barakat, with views of the plain of Amuq, east of Antioch. The village is located on an ancient muleteer road linking Aleppo to Antioch via Toqad and Tormanin. Saint Simeon the Grand likely passed through Zarzita when he was forced to abandon the Eusebonas monastery.

## Demographics

Although the inhabitants of Zarzita tend to be Turkish nomads, the village's original population numbered about 200 because of limited agricultural opportunities in the town itself.

## Archaeological remains

Seven inscriptions have been found in Zarzita, six of which note the structure's proprietor and the architect.
Of the buildings that remain, archaeologists note a church, tower, and some houses. The single-nave church dates to the sixth century and has higher, narrower proportions compared to others in the region. The nave looks southwest and retains a rectangular sanctuary. There is one west entrance and two on either side wall (north and south). It has a square presbyterium and oblong side chambers. The columns and arches are lost.
The tower stands 30 meters southeast of the church, at the end of a long stoa. The two-story military structure is 4m$^2$, and has a molded stringcourse with an inscribed date of 500 CE. This tower was likely commissioned by a priest Simeon, and built by the architects Eusebius and Jean. An ecclesiastical recluse may have lived in this tower, as the bottom floor could have functioned as a chapel, with the upper floor for living quarters. There are two doors and a small arched window. The north door has a deteriorated roundel carving with recluse symbolism.
Most dwelling ruins in Zarzita have a simple rectangular style without cornices or other moldings. One ruin remains in only a two-story portico, while others just have inscriptions. Two on the south side of town have inscriptions that read:
   God In the year 587, the 7th of the month Gorpieos. (This upper) story was built by Iakobos Rochios and Thomas, through the efforts and kindness of Nonnos, deacon, and Philipos, and Abramios (his) son. (September 548, AD)”.
   “O Christ help Ioannes son of Nonnos : he built (this) in the year 587, month Desios. (June, 539 AD)...or “O Christ help Ioannes son of Nonnos : (this is the house) of Ioannes son of Nonnos.”
# Daur Tarba

Daur Tarba (Abkhaz: Даур Ҭарба, Georgian: დაურ თარბა) is the current Minister for Agriculture of Abkhazia. In the past, he has also been Chairman of United Abkhazia at a time when it was the ruling party, Vice Premier and head of the Ochamchira District.

## Career

After the election of Sergei Bagapsh as president of Abkhazia, Tarba was appointed head of the State Committee for State Property and Privatisation 24 February 2005. On 3 April 2007 Tarba was appointed head of the Ochamchira District. On 18 December 2008 Tarba was at his own request released from this post, and on 27 January 2009, during the congress in which the socio-political movement United Abkhazia was transformed into a political party, Tarba became its new chairman.
After the re-election of Sergei Bagapsh, Tarba was appointed Vice Premier on 24 February 2010. However, on 25 February 2011, Tarba announced that he was resigning, without specifying his reasons. His resignation was approved by President Bagapsh on 4 March. On 30 March, he was succeeded by Minister for Taxes and Levies Vakhtang Pipia.
Tarba resigned as Chairman of United Abkhazia on 1 October 2015 in a letter to its political council, in which he identified excessive formalism and a lack of internal political debates, and called for the party's rejuvenation. The political council accepted his resignation and appointed Aleksei Tania as acting Chairman.
In the sidelines of the party congress that followed Tarba's resignation, it was said that Tarba had resigned specifically to make room for his successor, long-time friend, former Prime Minister and sitting MP Sergei Shamba.
On 24 August 2016, Tarba was appointed Agriculture Minister in the cabinet of new Prime Minister Beslan Bartsits, succeeding Timur Eshba.
# Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State for Technology, Innovation and Life Sciences

The Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State for Technology, Innovation and Life Sciences was a junior position in the Department of Health and Social Care in the British government. It is currently vacant since 20 September 2022.
The role was formerly known as the Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State for Life Science, Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State for Quality and Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State for Care Quality.
This office was always been held by a member of the House of Lords. As of 2022, the most recent incumbent was Lord Kamall, between 17 September 2021 and 20 September 2022.

## Responsibility

The Parliamentary Under Secretary of State for Technology, Innovation and Life Sciences leads on the following policy areas:
* Life sciences
* Medicines
* Research
* International diplomacy and relations
* Data and technology
* NHS security management, including cyber security
* Sponsorship of Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency, National Institute for Health and Care Excellence, Health Research Authority, and NHS Business Services Authority

## List of ministers

| Name | Name | Entered office | Left office | Political party |
| Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State for Health ||||||
| | The Baroness Hooper | 28 July 1989 | 14 April 1992 | Conservative |
| | The Baroness Cumberlege | 14 April 1992 | 2 May 1997 | Conservative |
| Minister of State for Health ||||||
| | The Baroness Jay of Paddington | 2 May 1997 | 27 July 1998 | Labour |
| Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State for Health ||||||
| | The Baroness Hayman | 28 July 1998 | 29 July 1999 | Labour |
| | The Lord Hunt of Kings Heath | 1 January 1998 | 17 March 2003 | Labour |
| Minister of State for National Health Services Delivery ||||||
| | The Lord Warner | 13 June 2003 | 4 January 2007 | Labour |
| Minister of State for National Health Services Reform ||||||
| | The Lord Hunt of Kings Heath | 5 January 2007 | 28 June 2007 | Labour |
| Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State for Health ||||||
| | The Lord Darzi of Denham | 29 June 2007 | 21 July 2009 | Labour |
| | The Baroness Thornton | 19 February 2010 | 11 May 2010 | Labour |
| | The Earl Howe | 17 May 2010 | 11 May 2015 | Conservative |
| Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State for National Health Services Productivity ||||||
| | The Lord Prior of Brampton | 14 May 2015 | 21 December 2016 | Conservative |
| Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State for Health ||||||
| | The Lord O'Shaughnessy | 21 December 2016 | 31 December 2018 | Conservative |
| Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State for Life Science ||||||
| | The Baroness Blackwood of North Oxford | 10 January 2019 | 13 February 2020 | Conservative |
| Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State for Innovation ||||||
| | The Lord Bethell | 9 March 2020 | 17 September 2021 | Conservative |
| Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State for Technology, Innovation and Life Sciences ||||||
| | The Lord Kamall | 17 September 2021 | 20 September 2022 | Conservative |
# James Isaac Mann

James Isaac Mann (22 June 1892 – 20 June 1965) was an Australian politician who was a member of the Legislative Assembly of Western Australia from 1930 to 1962. He represented two Wheatbelt electorates, holding the seat of Beverley from 1930 to 1950 and the seat of Avon Valley from 1950 to 1962, and at various times sat for the Country Party, the Nationalist Party, the Liberal Party, and as an independent.

## Early life

Mann was born in Toodyay, Western Australia, to Caroline Jane (née Edwards) and John Gibson Mann. He was raised in Beverley, where his father was an early settler and served as the town's mayor for a period. Mann enlisted in the Australian Imperial Force in December 1914, and during the war served with the 10th Light Horse Regiment. After returning to Australia, he took up land at Beverley as part of a soldier settlement scheme.

## Politics

Mann first ran for parliament at the 1924 state election, but was narrowly defeated by Charles Wansbrough in the seat of Beverley, losing by just 15 votes on the two-candidate-preferred count. Both Mann and Wansbrough stood for the Country Party, but owing to a split in party stood for different factions, with Mann representing the Ministerial faction (supporting the government of James Mitchell) and Wansbrough representing the Executive faction (opposing Mitchell's government).
At the 1927 state election, Mann recontested Beverley for the Nationalist Party, but was again defeated by Wansbrough. He had switched back to the Country Party by the 1930 election, and on his third attempt defeated Wansbrough with 55.4 percent of the two-candidate-preferred vote. From 1943 to 1947, Mann was deputy chairman of committees in the Legislative Assembly. He resigned from the Country Party in March 1949, and initially sat as an independent before joining the Liberal and Country League in May 1949. He was a supporter of a merger between the two parties (in order to provide a more consistent opposition to the Labor Party), and the Liberal Party later merged into Liberal and Country League.
The seat of Beverley was abolished at the 1950 state election, and Mann transferred to the new seat of Avon Valley. He held that seat until his retirement at the 1962 election, consistently winning large majorities (and running unopposed on one occasion, in 1953). Mann and Ross McLarty (who also retired in 1962) were the last remaining MPs elected in 1930.

## Later life and family

Mann died in Beverley in June 1965, aged 72. He had married Clara Constance Smith in April 1919, with whom he had two sons and two daughters. His father-in-law, Edmund Horace Smith, was also a member of parliament.
# Madiha Rana

Madiha Rana (Urdu: مدیحہ رانا; born 15 October 1986) is a Pakistani politician who was a Member of the Provincial Assembly of the Punjab, from May 2013 to May 2018.

## Early life and education

She was born on 15 October 1986 in Kuwait.
She graduated in 2010 form the University of the Punjab and has the degree of Bachelor of Arts.

## Political career

She was elected to the Provincial Assembly of the Punjab as a candidate of Pakistan Muslim League (N) on a reserved seat for women in 2013 Pakistani general election.
# Grafovka, Shebekinsky District, Belgorod Oblast

Grafovka (Russian: Графовка) is a rural locality (a selo) and the administrative center of Grafovskoye Rural Settlement, Shebekinsky District, Belgorod Oblast, Russia. The population was 1,611 as of 2010. There are 27 streets.

## Geography

Grafovka is located 18 km west of Shebekino (the district's administrative centre) by road. Bezlyudovka is the nearest rural locality.
# Turkish Publishers Association

The Turkish Publishers Association (Turkish: Türkiye Yayıncılar Birliği, TYB) is the oldest national association for publishers in Turkey. It was founded in 1985, and in 2013 counted around 300 publishing companies and distributors as members. It is a member of the International Publishers Association.
It awards the Freedom of Thought and Expression Prize annually since 1995; recipients include Meltem Arıkan (2004), Perihan Mağden (2008), Sel Publishing House (2009), Nedim Şener (2010), and İsmail Saymaz (2012).
# Noga, Israel

Noga (Hebrew: נֹגַהּ, lit. Light of dawn) is a moshav in south-central Israel. Located in Hevel Lakhish between Ashkelon and Kiryat Gat, it falls under the jurisdiction of Lakhish Regional Council. In 2022 it had a population of 590.

## History

The moshav was founded in 1955 by Jewish refugees to Israel from the Kingdom of Iraq and Pahlavy Iran on part of the land of the depopulated Arab village of al-Faluja. The name "Noga" is symbolic of the brightness of Jewish Zionist settlement in Hevel Lakhish and named after Biblical Proverbs 4:18; "But the path of the righteous is as the light of dawn".
# Ghulam Murtaza Baloch

Ghulam Murtaza Baloch (Urdu: غلام مرتضی بلوچ, 4 August 1964 – 2 June 2020) was a Pakistani politician who had been a Member of the Provincial Assembly of Sindh, from September 2016 to June 2020.

## Political career

He was elected to the Provincial Assembly of Sindh as a candidate of Pakistan Peoples Party (PPP) from Constituency PS-127 Karachi-XXXIX in by-polls held in September 2016.
He was re-elected to Provincial Assembly of Sindh as a candidate of PPP from Constituency PS-88 (Malir-II) in 2018 Pakistani general election.
On 15 October 2018, he was inducted into the provincial Sindh cabinet of Chief Minister Syed Murad Ali Shah and was appointed Provincial Minister of Sindh for labour and human resources.

## Death

On 2 June 2020, he died due to COVID-19 during the COVID-19 pandemic in Pakistan. In May 2020, he had tested positive for SARS-CoV-2.
# International Association of Libraries and Museums of the Performing Arts

The International Association of Libraries and Museums of the Performing Arts (French: Société Internationale des Bibliothèques et des Musées des Arts du Spectacle, abbreviated SIBMAS), promotes practical and theoretical research in the documentation of performing arts. The association was founded in 1954, and has organized biennial international conferences since then, primarily in European cities.
Spread across 35 countries around the world, it gathers individuals and institutions documenting circus, dance, film, opera, theatre and puppetry.
The association is governed by a 16-member international executive committee.
The association is also concerned with ensuring the proper conservation of the performing arts collections. At the beginning of 2021 it expressed its concern about the Victoria & Albert Museum's (V&A) intention to close the Department of Theatre and Performance. SIBMAS set up a petition and a press campaign to save the department and ask for the V&A to have a consultation with SIBMAS & the industry it serves.

## What does SIBMAS do?

It promotes research in the performing arts, facilitates networking among the members and share resources about their specific collections and the performing arts in general:
* Conferences: SIBMAS organises biennial conferences focusing on challenges and recent developments of current practical interest for the members
* Networking: SIBMAS encourages genuine collaboration and invests in spreading best practice between its members
* Newsletter: a quarterly newsletter, providing up-to-date news and information about the activities of SIBMAS and the members
* International Directory of Performing Arts: a database with detailed information about performing arts collections, searchable by organization name and/or category of member institution ranging from national libraries to puppet museums
* Proceedings: SIBMAS provides print editions of the conference papers of our conferences
# Nigel Richardson

Nigel John Richardson (born February 1958) is a British human rights lawyer who serves as a deputy district judge. He was appointed to that office in May 2009. As a lawyer, Richardson is known for representing victims of human rights abuses in high-profile criminal cases with international element.

## Legal career

Richardson was educated at University of Oxford and London Guildhall University. He was admitted as a solicitor in 1972. He became a trainee solicitor at Hodge Jones & Allen which specialises in human rights in 1985 and a senior partner in the firm in 1994. In 2009 Richardson was appointed Deputy District Judge sitting in the Magistrates court.

## Human rights
### Gay rights

In 2012 Richardson acted for Michael Peacock in a landmark obscenity trial which changed the law on obscene publications in this county and was seen as a test of the Obscene Publications Act 1959. Peacock, a male escort, was charged with six counts of distributing obscene DVDs under the Obscene Publications Act 1959. He was found not guilty by a jury at Southwark Crown Court.

### Pornography

In 2012, Richardson, together with his colleague Myles Jackman, successfully defended Simon Walsh, barrister and Court of Aldermen member who was accused of possession of extreme pornography under Section 63 of the Criminal Justice and Immigration Act 2008. The case came as a test to the Act.

### Racism

In 2016 Richardson represented Coronation Street actor Marc Anwar who became the centre of a racism row after posting a controversial comment about Indians on Twitter, which resulted in his sacking from the ITV soap.

### Joe Orton's retrial

As a judge, Richardson presided over Joe Orton's retrial in 2012. Orton was an English writer who in 1962 was sentenced to six months imprisonment for historic sexual offences and fined for stealing and damaging Islington Public Library books. Prosecution insisted on retrial fifty years after he served his conviction. The case made national headlines with newspapers arguing as to whether it was right to put Orton on trial. Orton later suggested that the lengthy sentence was given because he was a "queer."

## Academic career and publications

Richardson was a visiting criminal law lecturer of Oxford Institute of Legal Practice from 2001, until its closure in 2013. In 2014, together with Peter Clark, barrister at 187 Fleet Street Chambers who specialises in sex cases, he co-authored a book called Sexual Offences – A Practitioner’s Guide. Richardson also co-authored Blackstones Guide to the Human Rights Act 2000.

## Charity

Richardson is a trustee of English Collective of Prostitutes, a charity which aims to transform the lives of sex workers by campaigning against decriminalisation of prostitution and provides information, help, and support to individual sex workers and others who are concerned with sex workers' human, civil, legal, and economic rights.