# Ecologist Party "The Greens"

The Ecologist Party "The Greens" (Portuguese: Partido Ecologista "Os Verdes", pronounced, PEV) is a Portuguese eco-socialist political party. It is a member of the European Greens and a founding member of the European Federation of Green Parties.
It was the first Portuguese ecologist party, and since its foundation, in 1982, PEV has had a close relationship with the Portuguese Communist Party (PCP). From 1987 onwards, it entered all the legislative, and municipal elections as part of Unitary Democratic Coalition, which also includes the PCP. Between 1983 and 1987, PEV was part of the United People Alliance, to which the PCP also belonged. For this reason, PEV is often criticized for being an "appendage" of the PCP. People who expressed that opinion include former prime minister José Sócrates.
PEV holds many mandates in local assemblies, but, following the January 2022 election, it lost its parliamentary representation.

## History and general information

The Party was founded 1982, originally named the Portuguese Ecologist Movement – Party "The Greens" (Movimento Ecologista Português – Partido "Os Verdes"), by a group of Portuguese citizens interested in the promotion of the ecologist movement in Portuguese society, with the support of the Portuguese Communist Party, including in its founders one of its members, Zita Seabra.
In the end of the 1970s, Earth was facing new ecological problems, such as the greenhouse effect and the depletion of the ozone layer and the lack of awareness of this in Portuguese society, along with the lack of an organized Ecologist movement, led to the foundation of the Ecologist Party "The Greens" in order to put such problems on the political agenda.
The Party created regional groups immediately following its foundation, groups that have continued to grow since then. The growth of the Party throughout the country allowed many members to integrate the electoral lists of the CDU, some being elected to very different tasks. Currently (as of 2022), The PEV has several members elected in Municipal Chambers, in Municipal Assemblies and in Parish Assemblies, but it has no members elected in the Assembly of the Republic (Portuguese parliament). There is some criticism of its close ties to the Communist Party. Given that PEV never stood in elections on its own, some right-wing politicians have gone to the point of nicknaming PEV "The Watermelons – Greens Outside, Reds Inside". However, the official positions of both parties on certain questions can be quite different, of which the stance regarding bullfighting is an example.
The PEV is also present in the National Electoral Commission and also in the National Council of Education. The youth wing of the Party is the Ecolojovem, founded in 1989, which is a founding member of the Federation of Young European Greens.
The PEV edits a newspaper, the Folha Verde (Green Leaf), which received several press prizes for its unique design and style.
The PEV supported the minority Socialist Costa Government (2015–2019) with a confidence and supply agreement.
In the 2022 legislative elections, the PEV lost its remaining parliamentary representation.

## Election results

In elections, the PEV is closely allied with the Portuguese Communist Party, first in the Unitary Democratic Coalition. This explains a nickname given to Os Verdes by some: "melancias" (lit. watermelons): green outside and red inside. The "green" here is a reference to the self-proclaimed ecologist nature of the party, while "red" means "communist".

### Results in parliamentary elections

| Election | Leader | Votes | % | Seats | +/- | Government |
| 1983 | António Gonzalez | United People Alliance | United People Alliance | 1 / 250 | | Opposition |
| 1985 | Maria Amélia Santos | United People Alliance | United People Alliance | 1 / 250 | 0 | Opposition |
| 1987 | Herculano Pombo | Unitary Democratic Coalition | Unitary Democratic Coalition | 2 / 250 | 1 | Opposition |
| 1991 | Isabel Castro | Unitary Democratic Coalition | Unitary Democratic Coalition | 2 / 230 | 0 | Opposition |
| 1995 | Isabel Castro | Unitary Democratic Coalition | Unitary Democratic Coalition | 2 / 230 | 0 | Opposition |
| 1999 | Isabel Castro | Unitary Democratic Coalition | Unitary Democratic Coalition | 2 / 230 | 0 | Opposition |
| 2002 | Isabel Castro | Unitary Democratic Coalition | Unitary Democratic Coalition | 2 / 230 | 0 | Opposition |
| 2005 | Heloísa Apolónia | Unitary Democratic Coalition | Unitary Democratic Coalition | 2 / 230 | 0 | Opposition |
| 2009 | Heloísa Apolónia | Unitary Democratic Coalition | Unitary Democratic Coalition | 2 / 230 | 0 | Opposition |
| 2011 | Heloísa Apolónia | Unitary Democratic Coalition | Unitary Democratic Coalition | 2 / 230 | 0 | Opposition |
| 2015 | Heloísa Apolónia | Unitary Democratic Coalition | Unitary Democratic Coalition | 2 / 230 | 0 | Opposition (2015) |
| 2015 | Heloísa Apolónia | Unitary Democratic Coalition | Unitary Democratic Coalition | 2 / 230 | 0 | Confidence and supply |
| 2019 | Heloísa Apolónia | Unitary Democratic Coalition | Unitary Democratic Coalition | 2 / 230 | 0 | Opposition |
| 2022 | Heloísa Apolónia | Unitary Democratic Coalition | Unitary Democratic Coalition | 0 / 230 | 2 | No seats |
| 2024 | Heloísa Apolónia | Unitary Democratic Coalition | Unitary Democratic Coalition | 0 / 230 | 0 | No seats |

### Results in local elections

Results in Local Elections (year links to election page) :
| Year | Coalition | Type of Election | Voting | % | Mandates |
| 1985 | APU | Local | 942,147 | 19.4% | 305 |
| 1989 | CDU | Local | 633,682 | 12.8% | 252 |
| 1993 | CDU | Local | 689,928 | 12.8% | 246 |
| 1997 | CDU | Local | 643,956 | 12.0% | 236 |
| 2001 | CDU | Local | 557,481 | 10.6% | 202 |
| 2005 | CDU | Local | 590,496 | 11.0% | 203 |
| 2009 | CDU | Local | 537,329 | 9.7% | 174 |
| 2013 | CDU | Local | 552,690 | 11.1% | 213 |
| 2017 | CDU | Local | 489,189 | 9.5% | 171 |
| 2021 | CDU | Local | 410,666 | 8.2% | 148 |

### European Parliament

| Election | List leader | Votes | % | Seats | +/– | EP Group |
| 1987 | Ângelo Veloso | Unitary Democratic Coalition | Unitary Democratic Coalition | 0 / 24 | New | – |
| 1989 | Carlos Carvalhas | Unitary Democratic Coalition | Unitary Democratic Coalition | 1 / 24 | 1 | G |
| 1994 | Luis Manuel de Sá | Unitary Democratic Coalition | Unitary Democratic Coalition | 0 / 25 | 1 | – |
| 1999 | Ilda Figueiredo | Unitary Democratic Coalition | Unitary Democratic Coalition | 0 / 25 | 0 | – |
| 2004 | Ilda Figueiredo | Unitary Democratic Coalition | Unitary Democratic Coalition | 0 / 24 | 0 | – |
| 2009 | Ilda Figueiredo | Unitary Democratic Coalition | Unitary Democratic Coalition | 0 / 22 | 0 | – |
| 2014 | João Ferreira | Unitary Democratic Coalition | Unitary Democratic Coalition | 0 / 21 | 0 | – |
| 2019 | João Ferreira | Unitary Democratic Coalition | Unitary Democratic Coalition | 0 / 21 | 0 | – |
| 2024 | João Oliveira | Unitary Democratic Coalition | Unitary Democratic Coalition | 0 / 21 | 0 | – |