OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Capture of Cobija

The Capture of Cobija or Peruvian occupation of Cobija was a war action that occurred within the framework of the Salaverry-Santa Cruz War that took place in the Bolivian port of Cobija between the Peruvian expedition of Colonel José Quiroga and the garrison under the command of Colonel Gaspar Aramayo.

## Background

After the declaration of the "war to the death" from Salaverry to Santa Cruz on July 8, 1835, the self-proclaimed supreme leader of Peru ordered the start of hostilities by ordering Colonel Quiroga to surprise the Bolivian port of Cobija. Quiroga, in command of 260 soldiers from the 1st battalion of Carabineros de la Guardia, embarked on the corvette "Libertad" and the schooner "Limeña", left the port of Callao on September 4, 1835, arriving on the Bolivian coast 18 days later and disembarking his ship. troops in the bay of Mejillones, 16 leagues south of Cobija.

## The Battle

After two days of marching through sandbanks and gorges, the Peruvian troops appeared in sight of the port garrison made up of 87 soldiers and militiamen and which also had a fort defended by 18 artillery pieces of various calibers. Quiroga ordered his men to advance as a guerrilla towards the Bolivian positions, ordering not to fire a shot until they reached 100 paces from the Bolivian positions, the left wing led by Sergeant Major Andrade and the right by Captain Salaverry (brother of the supreme chief). The restorers advanced to the ordered distance under the cannon and rifle fire directed at them by the defenders, subsequently holding a lively shootout for two hours in which the leader of the square, Colonel Gaspar Aramayo, a lieutenant and 9 soldiers were killed. another 8 wounded, their leader fallen and understanding the futility of continuing to resist, the garrison surrendered, sending the citizen-soldier Antonio Molina as a parliamentarian to communicate the surrender of the square after which the batteries, the port and the city fell into the power of the Peruvians who had 11 dead and 18 wounded during the action. According to the Peruvian historian Manuel Nemesio Vargas, Aramayo would not have defeated Quiroga alive.
# Rod Hersey

Rod Hersey is a Canadian para-alpine skier. He represented Canada at the 1984 Winter Paralympics in alpine skiing.
He won the silver medal in the Men's Giant Slalom B1 event and in the Men's Alpine Combination B1 event.
He also competed in the Men's Downhill B1 and finished in 4th place.
# Roman Bezpalkiv

Roman Bezpalkiv (Ukrainian: Рома́н Безпа́лків) – (15 April 1938, village Hlushyn, Lviv region (Lviv Oblast) – 19 November 2009, Lviv) – was a Ukrainian painter. Genre – painting, sacral art. Member of the National Union of Artists of Ukraine (1988). Honored Artist of Ukraine (1998).
1962 graduated from Lviv Medical Institute. In 1965 he enrolled in Lviv National Academy of Arts and finished it in 1971.
From 1970 he worked as a teacher of painting in Lviv College of Decorative and Applied Arts named after Ivan Trush.
Author of many scenic and of sacral of works, among them philosophical portraits of figures of Ukrainian culture as Taras Shevchenko, Bohdan Ihor Antonych, Markiyan Shashkevych, Ivan Vyshenskyi, Kateryna Bilokur and others. Participated in the personal, national and international exhibitions.
He died after a long illness on 19 November 2009 and was buried in the Lychakiv Cemetery, Lviv.
# Ken Jammeh

Ken Malamin Jammeh (born November 18, 1987) is a Gambian former footballer.
# George Merrill (Medal of Honor)

George Merrill (February 11, 1847 – August 29, 1925) was a Union Army soldier during the American Civil War. He received the Medal of Honor for gallantry during the Second Battle of Fort Fisher on January 15, 1865.

## Military service

Merrill enlisted in the Army from Schenectady, New York in September 1864. He was assigned to Company I, 142nd New York Volunteer Infantry, mustering out with his regiment in June 1865.
On January 15, 1865, the North Carolina Confederate stronghold of Fort Fisher was taken by a combined Union storming party of sailors, marines, and soldiers under the command of Admiral David Dixon Porter and General Alfred Terry.

## Medal of Honor citation

   For The President of the United States of America, in the name of Congress, takes pleasure in presenting the Medal of Honor to Private George Merrill, United States Army, for extraordinary heroism on 15 January 1865, while serving with Company I, 142d New York Infantry, in action at Fort Fisher, North Carolina. Private Merrill voluntarily advanced with the head of the column and cut down the palisading.
General Orders: Date of Issue: December 28, 1914
Action Date: January 15, 1865
Service: Army
Rank: Private
Company: Company I
Division: 142nd New York Infantry
# Zalabad

Zalabad (Persian: زال اباد, also Romanized as Zalābād) is a village in Sudlaneh Rural District, in the Central District of Quchan County, Razavi Khorasan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 24, in 7 families.
# Vladimir Bozhko

Vladimir Karpovich Bozhko (Russian: Владимир Карпович Божко; born 16 May 1949) is a Kazakh politician, lawyer who served as the Deputy Chair of the Mazhilis from 2016 to 2020. He is the former Minister of Minister of Emergency Situations of Kazakhstan.
While Bozhko was a lieutenant general, he also graduated from the Kazakh Polytechnic Institute with a PhD in law. After graduating he worked at the Almaty electrotechnical plant. From 1976 Bozhko served in the national security bodies, where he ascended from a detective to the first vice head of the National Security Committee. Before being appointed Emergency Minister in November 2007 he served as Deputy Chairman of the National Security Committee.
# Groombridge 34

Groombridge 34 is a binary star system in the northern constellation of Andromeda. It was listed as entry number 34 in A Catalogue of Circumpolar Stars, published posthumously in 1838 by British astronomer Stephen Groombridge. Based upon parallax measurements taken by the Gaia spacecraft, the system is located about 11.6 light-years (3.6 parsecs) from the Sun. This positions the pair among the nearest stars to the Solar System.
Both components are small, dim red dwarf stars that are too faint to be seen with the naked eye. They orbit around their common barycenter in a fairly eccentric orbit with a separation of about 93 AU and a period of around 1,230 years. Both stars exhibit random variation in luminosity due to flares and they have been given variable star designations: the brighter member Groombridge 34 A is designated GX And, while the smaller component is designated GQ And.
The star system has a relatively high proper motion of 2.9 arc seconds per year, and is moving away from the Solar System at a velocity of 11.6 km/s. It achieved perihelion some 15,000 years ago when it came within 11 ly (3.5 pc) of the Sun.

## GX Andromedae

The more massive and luminous component of the pair has the variable star designation GX Andromedae. It is a main-sequence red dwarf star of spectral type M1.4 that varies its brightness due to stellar flares. Gaia observations suggest a rotation period of 44 days and a magnetic activity cycle of roughly 9 years.

## GQ Andromedae

The smaller companion bears the variable star name GQ Andromedae. It is a red dwarf main sequence star that undergoes flare events like the primary; it has a spectral type M4.1, so it also has a lower effective temperature.

## Planetary system

In August 2014, a planet orbiting around Groombridge 34 A was reported. The planet's existence was deduced from analysis of the radial velocities of the parent star by the Eta-Earth Survey using HIRES at Keck Observatory. At the time of its discovery, it was the sixth-nearest-known exoplanet.
Using the CARMENES spectrograph combined with the measurements of the HARPS and HIRES spectrographs, researchers failed to detect the purported Groombridge 34 Ab. However, they did propose that another planet (Groombridge 34 Ac, GJ 15 Ac) could be orbiting the parent star.
This discrepancy was later reconciled with new HIRES observations, covering a longer span of time, where both planets were recovered, constraining their minimum mass to 3.03 M$_E$ for Groombridge 34 Ab and 36 M$_E$ for Groombridge Ac. Their orbital periods are 11.4 and approximately 7,600 days, respectively. To date, this is the fourth-closest confirmed multi-planet system to the Sun, hosting the longest-period Neptune-mass exoplanet discovered so far.
The Groombridge 34 A planetary system :
| Companion (in order from star) | Mass | Semimajor axis (AU) | Orbital period (days) | Eccentricity | Inclination | Radius |
| b | ≥3.03+0.46 −0.44 M$_🜨$ | 0.072+0.003 −0.004 | 11.4407+0.0017 −0.0016 | 0.094+0.091 −0.065 | — | — |
| c | ≥36+25 −18 M$_🜨$ | 5.4+1.0 −0.9 | ~7,600 | 0.27+0.28 −0.19 | — | — |
# Semih Tufan Gülaltay

Semih Tufan Gülaltay (born 1968, in Kars) is the founder of the militant Turkish Revenge Brigade, and the National Unity Party (Turkish: Ulusal Birlik Partisi).
He was sentenced to nineteen years in prison for the attempted killing in 1998 of Human Rights Association chairman Akın Birdal, but released 4.5 years later on amnesty. He hid in the home of Ergenekon suspect Muzaffer Tekin's retired friend, major Zihni Ozansoy, after the Birdal incident.
One of the highest ranking soldiers detained in the Ergenekon investigation, Hurşit Tolon, was also known to the meetings of Gülaltay's party, UBP. On 5 August 2013 Gülaltay was sentenced to twelve years in prison as part of the Ergenekon trials.
# Mustafa Lutfi al-Manfaluti

Mustafa Lutfi el-Manfaluti (Arabic: مصطفى لطفي المنفلوطي, ALA-LC: Muṣtafá Luṭfī al-Manfalūṭī; 1876–1924) was an Egyptian writer, and poet who wrote a number of Arabic books. He was born in the Upper Egyptian city of Manfalut to an Egyptian father and a Turkish mother.

## Early life

el-Manfaluti memorized the Quran before the age of twelve. He studied at Al-Azhar University in Cairo. He translated, and novelized plays from French. Moreover, el-Manfaluti wrote and translated several short stories. He began writing Al-Nazarat in 1907, which is his most famous work, including a collection of his articles under the title: Al-Nazarat (Arabic: النظرات).
One of el-Manfaluti's most notable traits is that he couldn't read or speak French. He asked some of his friends to translate the play or the book to Arabic, then he rewrote them.

## Books

Some of his books include:
* Majdolin (Arabic: ماجدولين)
* Al-Abarat (The Tears) (Arabic: العبرات), first published in 1915.
* Ash-Sha'er (The Poet) (Arabic: الشاعر)
* Fee Sabeel Et-taj (For the Sake of the Crown) (Arabic: في سبيل التّاج)
* Al-Fadeela (Virtue) (Arabic: الفضيلة)
* Al-Nazarat (Views) (Arabic: النظرات)
# Yoel Schwartz

Yoel Schwartz (Hebrew: יואל שוורץ; 29 September 1939 – 8 September 2022) was an Israeli Haredi Jewish rabbi, Torah scholar, and writer who published over 200 Jewish books. He was a senior lecturer at Dvar Yerushalayim yeshiva in the Jerusalem neighborhood of Har Nof, an English-speaking institute for baalei teshuva. He was also involved in attempts to revive the Sanhedrin.

## Education

Schwartz studied at Kol Torah Yeshiva in Jerusalem, Ponevezh Yeshiva in Bnei Brak and Mir Yeshiva in Jerusalem. He served as the mashgiach ruchani of Yeshivas Itri.

## Prizes

In 2009, he received the Moskowitz Prize for Zionism in Jerusalem for his work in establishing the "Nahal Haredi" framework for conscription of Haredi males to serve as combat troops in the IDF.
# Karnal Sher Khan Shaheed Road

Karnal Sher Khan Shaheed Road (Urdu: سڑکِ کرنال شیر خان شہید), previously known as the IJP Road (Urdu: سڑکِ آئی جے پی), or the Inter-Junction Principal Road, is one of the busiest roads in the Islamabad–Rawalpindi metropolitan area in Pakistan, connecting Islamabad to Rawalpindi. It also serves as a route for traffic coming from Punjab and Azad Kashmir going towards Taxila, Attock, and onwards to Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. It is named IJ Principle Road because it is the road that was going to be between the never-built Sector J and Sector I of Islamabad.
It starts at N-5 National Highway in the west and ends at Faizabad Interchange in the east, where it meets the Islamabad Expressway and Murree Road. The total length of the road is 10.2 kilometers.

## Repairs and renovation

Over the years, several potholes had appeared on the road due to the heavy volume of trucks (from the Islamabad wholesale market and Sabzi Mandi) and buses (from the Pirwadhai bus stand) using it. Regular maintenance and repairs were not carried out in time by the Capital Development Authority. Triple surface treatment repair work was done in 2016–17, but major repairs were still needed.
IN December 2017, the Development Working Party of the Capital Development Authority approved the project concept-II for the uplift of the road. It then launched a tender to hire a consultant who would prepare a rehabilitation plan for the road. Four firms responded to the tender: Zeerak International, National Engineering Services Pakistan (NESPAK), EA Associates, and ACC Consultants, out of which the former was hired in April 2020. It presented its plan in October 2020, which had an estimated cost of Rs. 5.322 billion.
In 2021, the government launched a plan to rebuild and widen the dual carriageway by adding two additional lanes on either side at a cost of Rs. 4.9 billion, while Rs. 120 million was earmarked for environmental protection and conservation. The renovation project also envisaged two flyovers, two bridges (at Katarian and Pirwadhai), and seven culverts as well. The National Logistics Cell was awarded the contract for the project. It is planned to be completed by April 2023.
# Len Kieran

Len Kieran (25 July 1926 – 24 July 1981) was an English footballer who played as a left half for Tranmere Rovers and Macclesfield Town. He made 359 appearances for Tranmere, scoring 6 goals.
# Sekirna Spur

Sekirna Spur (Bulgarian: връх Секирна, romanized: vrah Sekirna, IPA:) is the rocky, partly ice-free peak rising to 776 m at the southeast extremity of Zagreus Ridge on Oscar II Coast in Graham Land. It surmounts Hektoria Glacier to the northeast and southeast, and Paspal Glacier and Green Glacier to the west and south. The feature is named after the settlements of Gorna (Upper) and Dolna (Lower) Sekirna in Western Bulgaria.

## Location

Sekirna Spur is located at 64°54′00″S 61°46′47″W﻿ / ﻿64.90000°S 61.77972°W﻿ / -64.90000; -61.77972, which is 3.05 km south-southeast of Govedare Peak, 10.43 km west-southwest of Mount Quandary, and 10.5 km north of Pirne Peak. British mapping in 1978.

## Maps

* British Antarctic Territory. Scale 1:200000 topographic map. DOS 610 Series, Sheet W 64 60. Directorate of Overseas Surveys, Tolworth, UK, 1978.
* Antarctic Digital Database (ADD). Scale 1:250000 topographic map of Antarctica. Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research (SCAR). Since 1993, regularly upgraded and updated.
# Elze

Elze (German pronunciation: ) is a town in the district of Hildesheim, in Lower Saxony, Germany. It is situated on the river Leine, approximately 15 km (9.3 mi) west of Hildesheim. The municipality of Elze also comprises the villages of Esbeck, Mehle, Sehlde, Sorsum, Wittenburg and Wülfingen.
Elze is one of the oldest settlement in the area, as its name stems from Latin: aula caesaris, a castle of Charlemagne which he had established about 800 in the Saxon estates after his victory over duke Widukind in the Saxon Wars. The emperor also founded a missionary diocese here, dedicated to Saints Peter and Paul which became the origin of the Bishopric of Hildesheim. King Louis the Pious relocated the episcopal see to Hildesheim in 815, however the Lutheran parish church is still devoted to Peter and Paul and the saints are also depicted in the town's coat of arms.
The village of Wittenburg is the site of a former Augustininan canons regular monastery, established in the 14th century in the place of a former castle, maybe erected by members of the Billung dynasty as early as 805. The abbey decayed in the course of the Protestant Reformation, while the Gothic monastery church is preserved.
In 1856 the Kingdom of Hanover opened the Hanoverian Southern Railway (Hannöversche Südbahn) from Hanover to Kassel with a station in Elze. After the annexation by Prussia in 1866, the town became an important railway junction with the building of the Elze–Löhne railway (Weserbahn) to Löhne in Westphalia by entrepreneur Bethel Henry Strousberg, finished in 1875. Elze is also the junction of the Bundesstraße 1 and Bundesstraße 3 federal highways.

## Notable people

* Justus Gesenius (1601-1673), Lutheran theologian
* Johann Heinrich Louis Krüger (1857-1923), mathematician
* Philipp Furtwängler, (1800-1867), organ builder,
* Philipp Furtwängler, (1869-1940), mathematician (number theorist)
* Günter Halm, (born 1922), bearer of the Knight's Cross and Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany

## Twin town

* Écouché, France since 1971.
# Rutul (rural locality)

Rutul (Russian: Рутул, Rutul: МыхІа) is a rural locality (a selo) and the administrative center of Rutulsky District of the Republic of Dagestan, Russia. Population: 4,132 (2010 Census); 3,958 (2002 Census); 2,957 (1989 Soviet census).
# Alexandrovka, Shebekinsky District, Belgorod Oblast

Alexandrovka (Russian: Александровка) is a rural locality (a selo) in Shebekinsky District, Belgorod Oblast, Russia. The population was 379 as of 2010. There are 2 streets.

## Geography

Alexandrovka is located 58 km northeast of Shebekino (the district's administrative centre) by road. Petrovka is the nearest rural locality.
# Torra di Pinareddu

The Tower of Pinareddu (Corsican: Torra di Pinareddu) is a Genoese tower located in the commune of Zonza (Corse-du-Sud) on the east coast of the Corsica. The tower sits at an elevation of 52 metres (171 ft) on the Île de Pinarellu.
The tower was built in around 1595. It was one of a series of coastal defences constructed by the Republic of Genoa between 1530 and 1620 to stem the attacks by Barbary pirates. Genoese documents refer to the Île de Pinarellu as the Isola dei Corsi or the Island of the Corsaires. The design of the Tower of Pinareddu is unusual in that the plan is square rather than round. The tower is 13 metres (43 ft) in height and each side at the base is 9.5 metres (31 ft) reducing to 8 metres (26 ft) at the string course. The tower was attacked by the Ottoman Turks and burned in 1650.
Since 1981 the Tower of Pinareddu has been owned and maintained by the French government agency, the Conservatoire du littoral. Restoration work was carried out in 1994. The agency has acquired the 19 hectares (47 acres) of the island. In 1992 the tower was listed as one of the official historical monuments of France.
# George G. Moore

George G. Moore (July 2, 1844 – November 26, 1925) was a Union Army soldier during the American Civil War. He received the Medal of Honor for gallantry during the Battle of Fisher's Hill near Strasburg, Virginia fought September 21–22, 1864. The battle was one of the engagements of the Valley Campaigns of 1864.

## Medal of Honor citation

“The President of the United States of America, in the name of Congress, takes pleasure in presenting the Medal of Honor to Private George G. Moore, United States Army, for extraordinary heroism on 22 September 1864, while serving with Company D, 11th West Virginia Infantry, in action at Fisher's Hill, Virginia, for capture of flag.”
# Len Marlow

Leonard Frederick Marlow (30 April 1899 – 1975) was a professional footballer who played for Huddersfield Town and Torquay United. He was born in Putney. Huddersfield signed him from Kingstonian F.C. in 1921–22 season having scored 20 goals in 17 appearances for the Athenian League club. He later played for Torquay United between 1925 and 1927, becoming joint top scorer for the 1926–27 season.
# Hard Times (1988 film)

Hard Times (Portuguese: Tempos Difíceis) is a 1988 Portuguese film adaptation of the 1854 novel by Charles Dickens, directed by João Botelho. However, the story is set in modern times. The film was selected as the Portuguese entry for the Best Foreign Language Film at the 61st Academy Awards, but was not accepted as a nominee.

## Cast

* Henrique Viana as José Grandela
* Júlia Britton as Luisa Cremalheira
* Eunice Muñoz as Mrs. Vilaverde
* Ruy Furtado as Tomaz Cremalheira
* Isabel de Castro as Teresa Cremalheira
* Joaquim Mendes as Sebastião
* Isabel Ruth as Sebastião's Wife
# Varzo

Varzo (Lombard: Varsc) is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Verbano-Cusio-Ossola in the Italian region Piedmont, located about 130 kilometres (81 mi) northeast of Turin and about 35 kilometres (22 mi) northwest of Verbania, on the border with Switzerland. As of 31 December 2004, it had a population of 2,209 and an area of 94.4 square kilometres (36.4 sq mi).
The Varzo railway station has connections to Bern and Domodossola.
Varzo borders the following municipalities: Baceno, Bognanco, Crevoladossola, Crodo, Grengiols (Switzerland), Ried-Brig (Switzerland), Trasquera, Zwischbergen (Switzerland).
Varzo is also known because of the Alpe Veglia Natural Park.
# Sovata

Sovata (Romanian pronunciation:; Hungarian: Szováta; Hungarian pronunciation:) is a town in Mureș County, Transylvania, Romania. Three villages are administered by the town: Căpeți (Kopac), Ilieși (Illyésmező), and Săcădat (Szakadát). In 2004, the village of Sărățeni broke away to form an independent commune.
As well as being a spa town, Sovata is on the route of the Via Transilvanica long-distance trail, which also passes through the village of Săcădat.

## Geography

The town is part of the Székely Land region of the historical Transylvania province. It is located in the eastern part of Mureș County, on the border with Harghita County; the county capital, Târgu Mureș, is 60 km (37 mi) to the west.
Sovata lies at the foot of the Gurghiu Mountains, at an altitude between 475 and 530 m (1,558 and 1,739 ft). It is situated between the river Corund and the valley of the Târnava Mică. The river Sovata discharges into the Târnava Mică in the town.
Sovata can be reached from Târgu Mureș, Miercurea-Ciuc, and Odorheiu Secuiesc on the DN13A [ro] national road and from Reghin on a connection road.

## History

The first data about Sovata are from 1578. By 1583 it was already a village. For 42 years, from 1876 until 1918, the village belonged to the Maros-Torda County of the Austrian-Hungarian Empire.
Due to its salty lakes and warm water it became an increasingly popular health resort during the end of the 19th and the 20th century. It gained the status of town in 1952.

## Demographics

According to the 2011 census, the town had a population of 10,385, of which 87.7% were Hungarians, 8.2% Romanians, and 1.9% Roma. At the 2021 census, Sovata had a population of 9,703, of which 82.81% were Hungarians, 8.51% Romanians, and 2.12% Roma.
Demographic movement according to census data:

## Spa

The geological events in 1875 gave birth to the Bear Lake, which is unique in Europe, its water being helio-thermal and salty, with purported therapeutic effects for chronic gynaecological symptoms, severe rheumatic pains, peripheral nervous system, and post-accidental motor diseases.
There are four more salty lakes: Nut Lake, Black Lake, Red Lake, and Green Lake. In the interwar period, Sovata became one of the most fashionable spas in the country, visited several times even by the Romanian Royal Family.

## People from Sovata

* Nahum (Nachum) Gantz Ostolish (1926–2005), a Knesset (parliamentary) candidate, local head of Mapai party and moshav (type of farm) movement and co-founder of Kfar Ahim moshav , Israel, father of Benny Gantz, leading Israeli politician
# List of Friday the 13th media

Since the original Friday the 13th film in 1980 there has been a myriad of media releases from the franchise, ranging from films, novels, comics, albums and a television series.