OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Vasily Vladimirovich Petrov

Vasily Vladimirovich Petrov (Russian: Василий Владимирович Петров; 19 July [O.S. 8 July] 1761 – 15 August 1834) was a Russian experimental physicist, self-taught electrical technician, academician of Russian Academy of Sciences (since 1809; Corresponding member since 1802).
Vasily Petrov was born in the town of Oboyan, Belgorod Province, Russian Empire, in the family of a priest. He studied at a public school in Kharkov, and then at the St. Petersburg Teacher's College.
In 1788, he gained a position as mathematics and physics teacher at Kolyvansko-Voskresenskoe College of Mining, in the town of Barnaul. In 1791, he was transferred to Saint Petersburg to teach mathematics and Russian at the military Engineering College, in the Izmailovsky regiment. In 1793, Petrov was invited to teach mathematics and physics at the St. Petersburg Medical and Surgery School, at the military hospital. In 1795, he was promoted to the rank of 'Extraordinary Professor'. During the next few years, he built up a comprehensive physics laboratory.
His first published book, "A collection of new physical-chemical experiments and observations" (Russian: Собрание физико-химических новых опытов и наблюдений), was published in 1801. The bulk of this work was dedicated to the description of experiments related to combustion, as evidence against the then-popular phlogiston theory.
The chapters, describing luminosity of phosphors of mineral and organic origins have elicited vivid interest in scientific circles. Petrov was able to detect the maximum temperature when phosphorus ceases to glow in open (atmospheric) air, by his numerous experiments with fluorite he was able to prove it glows due to a different reason than phosphorus.
In 1802, Petrov discovered the electric arc effect, thanks to his building the world's largest and most powerful Voltaic pile at the time, which consisted of around 4,200 copper and zinc discs. In "News of Galvanic-Voltaic Experiments", 1803 (Russian: Izvestie o galvani-voltovskikh opytakh), Petrov described experiments performed using the voltaic pile, detailing the stable arc discharge and the indication of its possible use in artificial lighting, melting metals for smelting and welding, obtaining pure metallic oxides, and reduction of metals from oxides mixed with powdered carbon and oils.
Petrov was forgotten soon after his death and his works fell into oblivion. A copy of "News of Galvanic-Voltaic Experiments" was discovered by chance in a library in the town of Vilna near the end of the 19th century. The book was the first time in world literature that a series of important physical phenomena related to electricity were described in detail.
It was not until the late 1880s that technology based on Petrov's experiments was developed with the goal of industrial usage.
# Vladimir Gagloyev

Vladimir Gagloyev (Ossetian: Гаглойты Владимир; 1 February 1927 in Dodot, Tskhinvali District, South Ossetia – 12 February 1996 in Moscow, Russia) was an Ossetian writer, playwright and publicist.

## Biography

He studied at the Maxim Gorky Literature Institute, after graduating from university he returned to South Ossetia.
From 1968 to 1976 he worked as editor-in-chief of the magazine Fidiuaeg (Ossetian: Фидиуæг, lit. 'Herald').
He was one of the people who contributed the most to the development of Ossetian theater. In particular, he translated into Ossetian A Profitable Position by Alexander Ostrovsky as well as plays by other authors like Aleksei Arbuzov and Nikolai Virta for production on the stage of the South Ossetian State Drama Theatre [ru].
Gagloev is the author of the plays Unconquered People (1952), My Family (1955), Zalina (1957), which were staged at the South Ossetian State Drama Theatre. His novels Awakening and Ossetian Legend were published in relatively large print runs in Russian.
# Tazehabad-e Bati

Tazehabad-e Bati (Persian: تازه ابادبطي, also Romanized as Tāzehābād-e Baţī and Tāzehābād Baţī) is a village in Cheleh Rural District, in the Central District of Gilan-e Gharb County, Kermanshah Province, Iran. According to the 2006 census, its population was 295, in 66 families.
# Mariinsky Girls' Gymnasium

Mariinsky Girls' Gymnasium was founded on October 26, 1875, by the Shusha Charitable Society and operated as a girls' school in Shusha. The school provided education to girls regardless of their religious beliefs or ethnicity.
The curriculum included reading and writing, calligraphy, drawing, geography, history, and mapping, including the general geography, history, and map of the Shusha district and the Russian Empire. The education at the school was fee-based, but the impoverished were exempted from tuition fees. Additional education included the study of French and German languages, and music. Gymnastics, depending on the parents' wishes, was conducted free of charge. The Russian language was taught based on Konstantin Ushinsky's "Native Language," and accounting issues were based on Vasili Yevtushensky's book "Accounting Matters." The Shusha Mariinsky Girls' School was transformed into a four-class gymnasium in 1894. In 1901, seven out of the students receiving education here were Azerbaijani.

## Building

After the Soviet occupation, the building continued to function as a boarding school.
After Azerbaijan restored its independence, the mosque was included in the list of local significant immovable historical and cultural monuments by the decision No. 132 of the Cabinet of Ministers of the Republic of Azerbaijan on August 2, 2001.
# Brian Dallimore

Brian Scott Dallimore (born November 15, 1973) is an American former baseball player in Major League Baseball (MLB). He was an infielder for the San Francisco Giants from 2004 to 2005. Dallimore did not make his major league debut until he was 30 years old, when he hit a grand slam for his first major league hit.

## College

Dallimore played college baseball for the Stanford Cardinal. He set the school record for being hit by a pitch the most times in a season. He played for the United States national team in the 1994 Baseball World Cup.

## Minor leagues

As a 25-year-old who was being held back in Class A, he was converted to a utility player.
Playing for the Fresno Grizzlies in 2003, Dallimore led the Pacific Coast League in batting average with a .352 average. In 2004, he was invited to the San Francisco Giants' spring training, and he won the Harry S. Jordan award, presented each year to a player in his first big-league camp "whose performance and dedication in spring training best exemplifies the San Francisco Giants spirit." He was sent down to Fresno to start the season, and sportswriters were labelling him a journeyman.

## Major leagues

After playing 828 minor league games over nine seasons, Dallimore made his major league debut with the San Francisco Giants as a 30-year-old rookie on April 29, 2004. In his first major league start on April 30, Dallimore hit a grand slam for his first major league hit. He joined Bobby Bonds as the second player in Giants history to get a grand slam as his first hit, and he was the fifth player in MLB history since 1974 to accomplish the feat. Dallimore got on base five times in the game, with three hits, a walk, and a hit by pitch.
Dallimore announced his retirement on February 24, 2006.

## Personal

Dallimore and his wife, Kimberly, have been friends since they were five years old. They have one daughter.
# Yevhen Dobrovolskyi

Yevhen Dobrovolskyi (Ukrainian: Євген Станіславович Добровольський; born 10 February 1995 in Ukraine) is a Ukrainian football midfielder who most recently played for Vereya in the Bulgarian First League.

## Career

Dobrovolskyi is a product of Uzhhorod Youth Sportive School System. In 2012, he signed a contract with FC Hoverla, but played only in FC Hoverla Uzhhorod reserves. In the main-team squad Dobrovolskyi made his debut playing as a substitute player in the match against FC Zorya Luhansk on 30 April 2016 in the Ukrainian Premier League.
# Say No to Murder

Say No to Murder (ISBN 978-1-416-58689-0) is a book written by Nancy Pickard and published by Pocket Books (now owned by Simon & Schuster), which later went on to win the Anthony Award for Best Paperback Original in 1986.
# Brithem

A Brithem (Latin: Judex, Scots: Dempster) was a hereditary legal expert in medieval Scotland, charged with upholding the laws within one of the provinces of Scotland. The role is thought to long predate its first documentary record in the 12th century. At least one brithem was attached to each province, and the role was not a royal appointment, but one that took place within the province. There is no record of any brithem in Lothian, though they are recorded in Galloway.
Brithems oversaw justice at a higher level than would have been dealt with by local cuthill courts: conducting perambulations to settle land disputes, witnessing charters, conducting inquests, supervising legal assemblies and seigneurial courts, and overseeing compensation to the kin of victims of interpersonal violence. Up to the 12th century brithems are also recorded making laws, giving judgements to the exclusion of bishops and abbots, and even over-ruling all other elite attendees of provincial assemblies.
From the reign of William the Lion kings began to see themselves rather the brithem as the main source of law-making, and the role of the brithem gradually sank from a prominent position to one of almost insignificance. From the 1180s a "King's Brithem" (Latin: Judex Regis) starts to appear in charters, a legal expert whose primary connection was not to a province but to the King. The last record of a group of brithems making law is from 1221, and by the end of the 13th century the decline in the status of the brithem was clearly apparent, with brithems appearing in more subordinate positions on witness lists, and appearing only in charters issues by earls, rather than ecclesiastic and royal acts.
# Dan Kendra

Dan Kendra III (born March 15, 1976) is a former American football player.
A highly touted Parade All-American (1995 National Offensive Player of the Year) from the Eastern Pennsylvania Conference, Kendra picked Florida State over Penn State. After two years behind Thad Busby, Kendra was scheduled to take over as the Seminoles' starting quarterback in 1998, before tearing the PCL in his right knee during spring practice, thus elevating Marcus Outzen to the #2 quarterback spot for the entirety of the 1998 NCAA football season.
# Mikhaylovka, Yenotayevsky District, Astrakhan Oblast

Mikhaylovka (Russian: Михайловка) is a rural locality (a selo) in Fyodorovsky Selsoviet of Yenotayevsky District, Astrakhan Oblast, Russia. The population was 286 as of 2010. There are 7 streets.

## Geography

Mikhaylovka is located 24 km northwest of Yenotayevka (the district's administrative centre) by road. Fyodorovka is the nearest rural locality.
# HOXD11

Homeobox protein Hox-D11 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the HOXD11 gene.
This gene belongs to the homeobox family of genes. The homeobox genes encode a highly conserved family of transcription factors that play an important role in morphogenesis in all multicellular organisms. Mammals possess four similar homeobox gene clusters, HOXA, HOXB, HOXC and HOXD, located on different chromosomes, consisting of 9 to 11 genes arranged in tandem. This gene is one of several homeobox HOXD genes located in a cluster on chromosome 2. Deletions that remove the entire HOXD gene cluster or the 5' end of this cluster have been associated with severe limb and genital abnormalities. The product of the mouse Hoxd11 gene plays a role in axial skeleton development and forelimb morphogenesis.
# Samuel Guise-Moores

Major-General Sir Samuel Guise Guise-Moores, KCB, KCVO, CMG (24 December 1863 – 3 October 1942) was a senior British Army officer of the First World War who also served as Honorary Surgeon to George V.

## Military career

Moores commissioned into the Royal Army Medical Corps as surgeon-captain on 1 February 1890, and served in the Chitral Relief Expedition in 1895, in medical charge of the 1st Battalion Gordon Highlanders and No. 8 Mountain Battery Royal Artillery. He served in the Second Boer War in South Africa (1899–1902), attached to the Scots Guards taking part in the Kimberley relief force, and was present at the battles of Belmont, Enslin and Modder River (November 1899), where he was wounded. For his service, he was promoted to surgeon-major on 29 November 1900, and twice mentioned in dispatches. Following the end of the war, Moores left Cape Town for England on the SS Simla in July 1902.
He served in France throughout the First World War running various hospitals before being appointed Director of Medical Services for the Second Army in April 1918, and later the same post for the Army of Occupation in Germany. He had responsibility for medical services at the British Empire Exhibition at Wembley in 1924. Guise-Moores was Colonel Commandant of the Royal Army Medical Corps between 1927 and 1933. He was promoted to major general in June 1919.
Guise-Moores was made a Knight of Grace of the Order of Saint John and a Knight Commander of the Order of the Bath in 1925. He was made Knight Commander of the Royal Victorian Order in the 1931 Birthday Honours.
# Buteh Deh

Buteh Deh (Persian: بوته ده, also Romanized as Būteh Deh) is a village in Mianrud Rural District, Chamestan District, Nur County, Mazandaran Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 174, in 43 families.
# Protochnoye

Protochnoye (Russian: Проточное) is a rural locality (a selo) and the administrative center of Protochensky Selsoviet, Limansky District, Astrakhan Oblast, Russia. The population was 610 as of 2010. There are 3 streets.

## Geography

Protochnoye is located 33 km northeast of Liman (the district's administrative centre) by road. Zarechnoye is the nearest rural locality.
# Viscounty of Limoges

Between Limoges, Brive and Périgueux, the viscounts of Limoges (French: vicomtes de Limoges), also called viscounts of Ségur created a small principality, whose last heir was Henry IV. Ségur was the main home of these viscounts, in the heart of their domain. The viscounty went from the Limoges-Ségur family to the House of Montfort in Brittany, then to the Albrets and eventually to the Bourbons.

## Territory

Their territory included the castles of Ségur, Excideuil, Aixe-su-Vienne, Auberoche and Nontron.

### Ségur Castle

Built in a shingle of the Auvézère River, at the borders of Saint-Eloi, Saint Julien, Payzac and Beyssenac parishes, the place is naturally defensive. The Ségur verteil (headquarters of the castle garrison) was home to the Pérusse family (future dukes of the Cars), Bonneval family (future marquises of Bonneval; Claude Alexandre de Bonneval became a famous Ottoman Empire pasha), and Prévot family (later du Mas family, future marquises of Paysac).
The upper castle is in ruins. Today, the only remaining part is the Pérusse hotel, in the verteil. There are no tours as of December 2006.

### Excideuil Castle

Only two large towers remain, joined together by a screen wall that used to be the aula pinion. The main home (16th or 17th century?) was doubled in width at the beginning of the 20th century. The outward gate of the castle garrison's verteil is a Renaissance door.

### Aixe Castle

A Merovingian castrum was recorded as being at the confluence of the river. The Château d'Aixe (or Jeanne d'Albret Tower) was constructed in the 13th century in Aixe-sur-Vienne, controlled by the viscounts of Limoges. It was demolished at the beginning of the 19th century.

### Auberoche Castle

Probably around 1037 or 1059, the successor of Bishop Frotaire (the castrum founder) is said to have given Auberoche Castle [fr] to the Viscount of Limoges, in order to get the protection of this secular lord against the Count of Périgord.
The Viscount of Limoges acknowledged the bishop of Périgueux as his suzerain, in relation to Auberoche, as early as the last third of the 12th century (1154–1157). By this submission, the viscount extended his domination up to the Périgord episcopal and county headquarters gates. Therefore, the viscounts of Limoges could maintain and use their political and economic power at the gates of Périgueux. The castle became a chaplain center which included 16 parishes (in 1365) and controlled two main, convergent traffic streams towards Périgueux city, through the Auvézère and Manoir valleys.
Confirmed as soon as September 1257, the judicial and administrative power was enforced in the whole district area by a provost, the agent of the viscount of Limoges.
# Qalamlu

Qalamlu (Persian: قلملو, also Romanized as Qalamū) is a village in Keyvan Rural District, in the Central District of Khoda Afarin County, East Azerbaijan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 12, in 4 families. The village is populated by the Kurdish Mohammad Khanlu tribe.
# Pustosyolov

Pustosyolov (Russian: Пустосёлов; Adyghe: ЧылэнэкI) is a rural locality (a khutor) in Yelenovskoye Rural Settlement of Koshekhablsky District, Adygea, Russia. The population was 8 in 2018. There are four streets.

## Geography

Pustosyolov is located 16 km east of Krasnogvardeyskoye (the district's administrative centre) by road. Nekrasovskaya is the nearest rural locality.
# David Dinenberg

David Dinenberg is an American business executive best known as the founder and former CEO of KIND Financial.

## Personal life and education

David Dinenberg was born in Philadelphia and graduated from Pennsylvania State University. He currently resides in Los Angeles with his family.

## Career
### Real Chef

Dinenberg was the co-founder and executive vice president of Real Chef, which developed its own proprietary brand of cooking tools and foods, as well as the nationally known Flavor Magic.

### Tycoon Entertainment

After leaving Real Chef, Dinenberg was the chief operating officer and a partner at Tycoon Entertainment, a full-service film finance and production company. His responsibilities included the day-to-day operations of the company, deal structure, sourcing debt for the projects as well as budget oversight. He worked with agents, lawyers, producers and distributors, both foreign and domestic.

### Grasso Holdings

Dinenberg was Chief Operations Officer of Grasso Holdings in Philadelphia, a full-service real estate development company, where he ran day-to-day operations for the 45 person organization managing an asset portfolio valued in excess of $400 million. Dinenberg was recognized as one of the Top 20 people to Watch in the Philadelphia Area by Philadelphia Magazine.

### KIND Financial

Dinenberg founded and was the CEO of KIND Financial, a financial technology company providing software solutions to businesses within the cannabis industry transact securely and in compliance with laws and regulations. He has been interviewed or quoted by several media outlets including CNBC, Inc., Forbes, Philadelphia magazine, The Deal, and LA Business Journal. Dinenberg was forced to step down and turnover his company-issued shares of KIND Financial in September of 2023 as investors lost financial visibility of the company and accused him of breach of fiduciary duty and misuse of company funds.

## Board positions

Dinenburg co-founded the Philadelphia Retail Advisory Board. In 2012, he was named the president and member of the board of directors for the Philadelphia Chapter of the Jewish National Fund, the youngest ever president of any Jewish foundation in the United States.
# Letichev uezd

The Letichev uezd was a county (uezd) of the Podolian Governorate of the Russian Empire. The uezd bordered the Starokonstantinov uezd of the Volhynian Governorate, the Litin uezd to the east, the Mogilev uezd to the southeast, the Ushitsa uezd to the south, and the Proskurov uezd to the west. The area of the uezd encompassed most of Khmelnytskyi Raion of Ukraine. The administrative centre of the county was Letichev (contemporary Letychiv).

## Administrative divisions

The subcounties (volosts) of the Letichev uezd in 1912 were as follows:
| Name | Name in Russian | Capital |
| Bakhmatov volost | Бахматовецкая волость | Bakhmatov |
| Voitovtsy volost | Войтовецкая волость | Voitovtsy |
| Derazhnya volost | Деражнянская волость | Derazhnya |
| Zhenishkov volost | Женишковецкая волость | Zhenishkov |
| Zinkov volost | Зиньковская волость | Zinkov |
| Medzhibozh volost | Меджибожская волость | Stavnitsa |
| Mikhalpol volost | Михалпольская волость | Mikhalpol |
| Suslovtsy volost | Сусловецкая волость | Suslovtsy |

## Demographics

At the time of the Russian Empire Census on 28 January [O.S. 15 January] 1897, the Letichev uezd had a population of 184,477, including 92,618 men and 91,859 women. The majority of the population indicated Little Russian to be their mother tongue, with a significant Jewish speaking minority.
Linguistic composition of the Letichev uezd in 1897 :
| Language | Native speakers | Percentage |
| Little Russian | 149,120 | 80.83 |
| Jewish | 24,387 | 13.22 |
| Great Russian | 6,809 | 3.69 |
| Polish | 3,164 | 1.72 |
| Bashkir | 405 | 0.22 |
| Romanian | 136 | 0.07 |
| German | 133 | 0.07 |
| Tatar | 121 | 0.07 |
| Czech | 51 | 0.03 |
| White Russian | 27 | 0.01 |
| French | 16 | 0.01 |
| Chuvash | 13 | 0.01 |
| Cheremis | 7 | 0.00 |
| Mordovian | 5 | 0.00 |
| Votyak | 3 | 0.00 |
| Gipsy | 2 | 0.00 |
| Latvian | 2 | 0.00 |
| Other | 76 | 0.04 |
| Total | 184,477 | 100.00 |
# HSPA4

Heat shock 70 kDa protein 4 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the HSPA4 gene.
The protein encoded by this gene was originally suggested to be a member of the heat shock protein 70 family. However it is now known that human HSPA4 is an equivalent to mouse the Apg-2 protein and is a member of the Hsp110 family.

## Interactions

HSPA4 has been shown to interact with:
* APAF1
* DNAJB1,
* HDAC1,
* HSF1,
* HSPBP1,
* Histone deacetylase 2,
* NAD(P)H dehydrogenase (quinone 1),
* STUB1, and
* TTC1.
# Batal Kobakhia

Batal Samsonovich Kobakhia (Russian: Батал Самсонович Кобахия; born 18 August 1955, Sukhumi, Georgia) is an Abkhaz archaeologist and public figure; The deputy of 4th convocation (2007-2012), chairman of the committee for Human Rights and Rule of Law.
# Leopold Müller (engineer)

Leopold Müller (born 9 January 1908 in Salzburg, died 1 August 1988 in Salzburg) was a geologist, one of the pioneers of rock mechanics and one of the main contributors to the development of the new Austrian tunneling method (NATM).
Müller opined, that the northern flank of the 1,900 meter high Monte Toc was not stable enough to withstand a reservoir with up to 150 million cubic meters of water when the Vajont dam was planned.