OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Nazzareno Zamperla

Nazzareno Zamperla (25 April 1937 – 19 March 2020) was an Italian actor and stuntman.

## Career

Born in Treviso into a circus family, Zamperla came to Rome in 1949 and worked primarily in the 1950s and 1960s as a stunt performer. His focus was on the sword and sandal films. In the 1960s and 1970s, he transitioned into appearances as an actor in front of the camera, and his focus shifted to Spaghetti Western productions, where he was also known under the name of Nick Anderson, while also continuing working behind the camera as a gun master. Zamperla's brother Rinaldo has also appeared in movies.

## Filmography

* La Strada (1954) – Man Restraining Zampano from Attacking (uncredited)
* The Knight of the Black Sword (1956) – Soldier (uncredited)
* Il Conte di Matera (1958) – Marco
* The Pirate of the Black Hawk (1958) – Pirato con Ambassadore Francesa (uncredited)
* Ben-Hur (1959) – Roman Soldier with a Bow on Galley (uncredited)
* Slave of Rome (1961) – Roman Soldier
* Hercules and the Conquest of Atlantis (1961) – Man in Tavern Fight (uncredited)
* Samson Against the Sheik (1962) – Fighter (uncredited)
* Zorro alla corte di Spagna (de) (1962) – Paquito
* Gladiators 7 (1962) – Vargas
* Tiger of the Seven Seas (1962) – Rick
* Zorro and the Three Musketeers (1963) – D'Artagnan
* Samson and the Slave Queen (1963) – Sadoch
* Sandokan the Great (1963) – Hirangù
* The Triumph of Hercules (1964) – Thief
* Pirates of Malaysia (1964) – Durango
* Adventures of the Bengal Lancers (1964) – Sgt. John Foster
* The Magnificent Gladiator (1964) – Orestes / Horatius
* Jungle Adventurer (1965) – Sitama's Man #1
* A Pistol for Ringo (1965) – Sancho's gang member
* Blood for a Silver Dollar (1965) – Phil O'Hara
* Seven Rebel Gladiators (1965)
* Seven Guns for the MacGregors (1966) – Peter MacGregor
* Kiss Kiss...Bang Bang (1966) – (uncredited)
* Sugar Colt (1966) – Soldier
* Up the MacGregors! (1967) – Peter MacGregor
* Seven Pistols for a Massacre (1967) – Tom, Peggy's Brother
* Your Turn to Die (1967) – Flash
* Seven Times Seven (1968) – Bananas
* Le bal des voyous (1968)
* Boot Hill (1969) – Franz – Acrobat
* Le tigri di Mompracem (1970) – (uncredited)
* Long Live Robin Hood (1971) – One of Robin's Men
* Lover of the Great Bear (1971) – Smuggler (uncredited)
* Those Dirty Dogs (1973) – Soldier (uncredited)
* Tony Arzenta (1973) – Man of Cutitta (uncredited)
* Three Tough Guys (1974) – Snake's henchman
* Street Law (1974) – Beard
* The White, the Yellow, and the Black (1975) – Sgt. Donovan
* Cry, Onion! (1975) – Oblò – 'Monocle'
* La madama (1976)
* California (1977) – Brother of Northern Soldier (uncredited)
* A Man on His Knees (1979)
* Buddy Goes West (1981) – Slim Henchman (uncredited)
* Banana Joe (1982) – Hitman (uncredited)
* Thunder Warrior (1983) – Thomas's Friend
* Rolf (1984) – Bearded mercenary
# Israel of Bamberg

Israel of Bamberg was a 13th-century Germany Tosafist who served as Chief Rabbi of Bamberg, Germany after succeeding his teacher Rabbi Samuel of Bamberg. Israel's tosafot are quoted by Mordecai ben Hillel who mentions Israel's tosafot on the Talmudic tractates of Shabbat and Avodah Zarah, which though no longer extant, are quoted by a 15th-century Italian codifier (Ms. Adler 2717, folio 308). In his tosafot, Israel relies primarily on his teacher.
# Israel of Kashkar

Israel of Kashkar was briefly an anti-patriarch of the Church of the East in 877. His name is not included in most traditional lists of patriarchs of the Church of the East.

## Sources

Brief accounts of Israel's patriarchate are given in the Ecclesiastical Chronicle of the Jacobite writer Bar Hebraeus (floruit 1280) and in the ecclesiastical histories of the Nestorian writers Mari (twelfth-century), ʿAmr (fourteenth-century) and Sliba (fourteenth-century).

## Israel's patriarchate

The following account of Israel's controversial election is given by Bar Hebraeus:
   At about the same time, in the third year of the caliph al-Muʿtamid, the Nestorian catholicus Sargis died, after fulfilling his office for twelve years. After their church remained widowed for four years, he was succeeded by Enosh, the metropolitan of Mosul. A great dissension arose among the people, with some calling for Enosh and others for Israel, bishop of Kashkar. When two men met, one would ask, 'Are you for Enosh or for Israel?' If the other man gave the wrong answer, the questioner punched him and kicked him as hard as he could. The scribes and the doctors of the caliph took the part of Enosh, and removed Israel. Enosh was thereupon consecrated at Seleucia after the feast of Epiphany in the year 263 of the Arabs [AD 876].
The following, more substantial, account of Israel's reign is given by Mari:
   Enosh was appointed metropolitan of Mosul by Sargis. After his death the bishop Israel of Kashkar arrived and summoned the fathers to the customary synod. Many of the faithful decided to vote for him and elect him patriarch, thinking that as a learned and honest man, who was widely admired by the Christians, he deserved that dignity. But Enosh, metropolitan of Mosul, a learned and bold man, came forward to claim the patriarchate for himself, and many of the faithful decided to vote for him. A party was formed to support him, the people were divided into two camps, and discords and evils arose. The people boldly inveighed against the nobles, and each candidate asked the friends of the sultan to support his own bid. Meanwhile, the public peace was also disturbed by al-ʿAlawi of Basra. Then the governor of Baghdad sent a man to bring Israel from Samarra to Baghdad, and told him not to say a word about the patriarchate if the Christians asked him about it.
   One of the supporters of Enosh, when Israel was descending from the bema during the singing of the responses of the liturgy, lost all fear of God, and in the press of the large crowd seized and crushed his testicles. He was carried away in a faint, and after lying ill for forty days he eventually died, and was buried in the chapel of the martyrs in the old church of the monastery of Mar Pethion.
# Israel of Krems

Israel of Krems was an Austrian rabbi who flourished in the 14th and 15th centuries. He was the great-grandfather of Israel ben Petahiah Isserlein, who quotes him in his commentary on Rashi to the Pentateuch, section "Wayeḥi." Israel was the author of Haggahot Asheri, notes on Rabbeinu Asher's Talmudic compendium, printed with the text. Grätz identifies Israel of Krems with the Israel whom Emperor Rupert appointed, by a decree of May 3, 1407, chief rabbi of all the German communities ("Hochmeister über alle Rabbinen"), giving him a certificate declaring him to be a great Talmudic scholar and a good man.
But as Israel's functions included the civil control of the Jews, and especially the collection of the taxes, the German rabbis opposed his appointment. Some of them even threatened him with excommunication in case he did not resign. The emperor, upon hearing of this, confirmed Israel's appointment as chief rabbi by a second decree (November 23, 1407), imposing a fine of twenty gold marks on any one refusing to submit to him. But the edicts had little effect, and the office of the chief rabbi became obsolete soon after its creation. No further mention of Israel occurs until 1415, when he is mentioned in a document of Emperor Sigismund, appointing him to superintend the collection of the Jewish taxes, in which office he was the subordinate of the hereditary chamberlain Conrad of Weinsberg.

## Jewish Encyclopedia bibliography

* Grätz, Gesch. 3d ed., viii. 102-104;
* Stobbe, Die Juden in Deutschland, pp. 148, 259, Brunswick, 1866;
* Fuenn, Keneset Yisrael, pp. 702–703;
* Frankel-Grün, Gesch. der Juden in Kremsier, i.14, 15, Breslau, 1896.
# Naufraga

Naufraga is the scientific name of two genera of organisms and may refer to:
* Naufraga (fly), a genus of insects in the family Dolichopodidae
* Naufraga (plant), a genus of plants in the family Apiaceae
# Naturschutzgebiet Leutratal und Cospoth

NSG Leutratal und Cospoth (often referred to simply as Leutratal) is an important nature reserve in Germany, southwest of the town of Jena. The reserve is maintained by Naturschutzbund Deutschland. The reserve contains the valley of the river Leutra and beech forest. The nature reserve measures 582.9 hectares. The bedrock is Muschelkalk (limestone). In 2018, 23% of the reserve was pine forest and 16% broadleaf trees, 23% was xerothermic meadow, 9% brome semi-dry grassland and 14% agricultural use. Rare tree species growing in the forests and on the slope include wild pear and wild service tree.
A huge variety of wildflowers grow in the valley, including at least 26 species of orchids. Other flowers in the reserve include Carthusian pink, purple gromwell and liquorice milk-vetch.
In 2007 the protected area was expanded by 441.4 hectares from its initial size of 141.5 hectares. During the Nazi era a motorway (the A4) was built through the valley, however Angela Merkel's government had a 3 kilometre road tunnel built in 2014 (Jagdbergtunnel) to expand capacity of the Autobahn while reducing the impact of the road on the nature reserve.
The results of this work have so far been mixed. The burial of the Autobahn led to invasive non-native plant species including Bunias orientalis (Turkish rocket) colonising the bare ground, which it is feared threaten to displace native wildflowers, however it has also already been observed that more bats (including Rhinolophus hipposideros) are visiting the valley.
* Orchis militarisxpurpurea natural hybrid, photographed in the reserve in 2014
* Leutratal in 2016, looking towards Leutra
* An aerial view of the Leutra valley in 2008, after the expansion of the nature reserve, but before the Autobahn was removed.
# Nealcidion meridanum

Nealcidion meridanum is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Monné and Delfino in 1986.
# Nealcidion latipenne

Nealcidion latipenne is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Henry Walter Bates in 1863.
# Neche

Neche or NECHE may refer to:
* Neche tribe, a Caddo tribe from Texas
* Neche, Iran
* Neche, North Dakota, United States
* New England Commission of Higher Education
# Ivette Cintron

Ivette Cintron is a Puerto Rican merenque singer. From 1991 to 1997, she was married to the legendary Dominican merenque singer, Toño Rosario.
Cintron is also a businesswoman, and beautician, having once owned a beauty salon at her mansion in Bayamon, Puerto Rico.

## Celebrity and musical career

Due in part to her divorce from Rosario, Cintron became a mainstream celebrity in her native Puerto Rico during the 1990s. She also launched a musical career, releasing some CDs.

## Personal life

Cintron and Rosario were married from 1991 to 1997. The couple has a son named Antonio Rosario Jr. She was also married to a man named Jimmy Solis.
# Nebory

Nebory (Polish: Niebory) is a village in Frýdek-Místek District, Moravian-Silesian Region, Czech Republic. It was a separate municipality but became administratively a part of Třinec in 1980. It has a population of 1,531 (1 January 2008) and lies in the historical region of Cieszyn Silesia.
The name was originally patronymic in origin derived from personal name Niebor or Niebora and ending typically in Slavic fashion in such names (-(ow)ice, often Germanised as -(ow)itz). Later it was transformed into possessive name (e.g. w Neborowie, 1464).

## History

The village was first mentioned in 1425 as Neborowicz[e]. Politically it belonged then to the Duchy of Teschen, a fee of the Kingdom of Bohemia, which after 1526 became part of the Habsburg monarchy.
After Revolutions of 1848 in the Austrian Empire a modern municipal division was introduced in the re-established Austrian Silesia. The village as a municipality was subscribed to the political and legal district of Cieszyn. According to the censuses conducted in 1880, 1890, 1900 and 1910 the population of the municipality grew from 781 in 1880 to 963 in 1910 with a majority being native Polish-speakers (between 96.9% and 99.8%) accompanied by a small German-speaking minority (at most 26 or 3% in 1890) and Czech-speaking people (at most 14 or 1.6% in 1900). In terms of religion in 1910 the majority were Protestants (75.8%), followed by Roman Catholics (24%) and 2 Jews. The village was also traditionally inhabited by Cieszyn Vlachs, speaking Cieszyn Silesian dialect.
After World War I, fall of Austria-Hungary, Polish–Czechoslovak War and the division of Cieszyn Silesia in 1920, it became a part of Czechoslovakia. Following the Munich Agreement, in October 1938 together with the Zaolzie region it was annexed by Poland, administratively adjoined to Cieszyn County of Silesian Voivodeship. It was then annexed by Nazi Germany at the beginning of World War II. After the war it was restored to Czechoslovakia.
# Iván Rosado

Juan Manuel Rosado Mojarro (born 24 April 1974), commonly known as Iván Rosado, is a Spanish retired footballer who played as a striker.
Over five seasons, he amassed La Liga totals of 122 matches and 26 goals with Osasuna (six years in total). He represented four other teams during his 16-year professional career, starting in 1992 with Recreativo.

## Club career

Rosado was born in Huelva, Andalusia. After starting playing for local Recreativo de Huelva in the Segunda División B he signed for two seasons with Rayo Vallecano in the Segunda División, promoting in his first year but scoring only twice in 20 league games in the process.
Rosado's most steady and fruitful period came with Pamplona's CA Osasuna: after being the team's top scorer in his first season with 11 goals, as they returned to La Liga after six years– whilst Recreativo were relegated – he repeated the feat the following campaign (at 14), helping the Navarrese barely avoid relegation and taking his tally in his first three top-flight seasons to 25 goals, in 100 appearances.
After an uneventful loan at Xerez CD, Rosado was released by Osasuna in September 2006. After nearly one year out of football, he moved to Málaga CF. He featured scarcely during his one-and-a-half season spell, as the club returned to the top tier in 2008.
Rosado had a trial at UD Melilla in August 2008, but nothing came of it and he eventually retired from the game aged 34. In 11 years in the two major levels, he amassed totals of 239 matches and 54 goals.
# Priem

Priem is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Cees Priem (born 1950), Dutch professional road bicycle racer
* Curtis Priem, American computer scientist
* Tristan Priem (born 1976), Australian racing cyclist
# Nepytia semiclusaria

Nepytia semiclusaria, the southern nepytia, is a moth of the family Geometridae.
The wingspan is about 36 mm. Adults are on the wing year round.
The larvae feed on Pinus species.
# Heinrich August Ludwig Wiggers

Heinrich August Ludwig Wiggers (12 June 1803 – 13 February 1880) was a German pharmacist, chemist and botanist born in Altenhagen (today part of the city of Springe).
Trained as a pharmacist, in 1827 he relocated to the University of Göttingen, where he served as a laboratory assistant under chemist Friedrich Stromeyer (1776–1835), and later as an assistant to Friedrich Wöhler (1800–1882) until 1849.
In the meantime he earned his doctorate in 1835, later becoming a private lecturer (1837) and an associate professor of pharmacy (1848) at the university. From 1836 to 1850 he served as deputy inspector-general, later associate inspector-general, of all pharmacies in the Kingdom of Hanover (after 1860 this included the Principality of Lippe).

## Selected writings

* Inquisitio in Secale cornutum, Respectu inprimis habito ad ejus Ortum, Naturam et Partes constituentes nominatim eas, quibus Vires medicinales adscribendae sunt . Rosenbach, Gottingae [u.a.] 1831 Digital edition by the University and State Library Düsseldorf
* Die Trennung und Prüfung metallischer Gifte aus verdächtigen organischen Substanzen : mit Rücksicht auf Blausäure und Opium, 1835
* Grundriss der Pharmacognosie, 1840 Digital edition / Digital 2nd edition from 1847 by the University and State Library Düsseldorf
* Handbuch der Pharmacognosie, 1864. Digital edition by the University and State Library Düsseldorf
# 2017 Team Long Track World Championship

The 2017 Team Long Track World Championship was the 11th annual FIM Team Long Track World Championship. The final took place on 24 September 2017 in Roden, Drenthe, Netherlands.

## Results

* Roden, Drenthe
* 24 September 2017
| Pos. | Team | Pts | riders |
| | Germany | 61 | Martin Smolinski 28, Michael Hartel 21, Lukas Fienhage 11, Stephan Katt 0 |
| | France | 54 | Dimitri Bergé 21, Mathieu Trésarrieu 18, Stephane Tresarrieu 15, |
| | Netherlands | 49 | Romano Hummel 20, Theo Pijper 18, Dirk Fabriek 11 |
| 4 | Czech Republic | 43 | Josef Franc 28, Martin Malek 8, Hynek Štichauer 7 |
| 5 | Sweden | 43 | Sebastian Aldén 16, Robin Aspegren 13, Anders Mellgren 12, Andreas Bergstrom 2 |
| 6 | Great Britain | 36 | James Shanes 23, Edward Kennett 7, Andrew Appleton 5, Richard Hall 1 |
| 7 | Finland | 28 | Jesse Mustonen 17, Aki Pekka Mustonen 10, Aarni Heikkila 1 |
# Michael Shields

Michael Shields may refer to:
* Michael Shields (footballer) (born 1986), Cork Gaelic football star
* Michael W. Shields, British computer scientist
* Michael Shields, body snatcher as part of a group called the London Burkers
* Michael Shields, Liverpool football fan convicted of attempted murder in Bulgaria, see Conviction of Michael Shields
# Heping Road

Heping Road (Chinese: 和平東路/和平西路) is a major east–west arterial road in Taipei, Taiwan. The road is bisected into the east and west segments by Roosevelt Road, with three numbered sections in the west segment and four in the east. Heping Road connects Wanhua District and Zhongzheng District in its west segment to Daan District, Xinyi District, and Wenshan District in its east segment.
Heping East Road Section 4 in Wenshan was created in 2014 by renaming Jungong Road.

## Attractions

Notable attractions on Heping Road include:
* Taipei Botanical Garden
* National Taiwan Normal University
* Daan Forest Park
* National Taipei University of Education

## Sections
### Heping West Road

* Section 1: Roosevelt Road – Quanzhou Street
* Section 2: Quanzhou Street – Zhonghua Road
* Section 3: Zhonghua Road – terminates at Huajiang Bridge

### Heping East Road

* Section 1: Roosevelt Road – Xinsheng Road
* Section 2: Xinsheng Road – Wolong Street
* Section 3: Wolong Street – Zhuangjing Tunnel
* Section 4: Zhuangjing Tunnel – terminates at Muzha Road
# Head pull

Head pull is an Inuit game where two people lie belly-down on the ground, pull each other’s heads, and try to move the opponent across a line. The game is played with a leather loop placed around the competitors’ heads as they face each other. The loop is placed above the ears, and the game becomes more difficult the higher the loop is placed. The winner is the one who first pulls their opponent across the line, or if the loop slips off their opponent’s head. It is an example of an Inuit game that requires little space, such as in small huts.
Also, the competitors may face each other with their legs interlocked and pull their heads backwards until one of the competitors bends forward or gives up. This game is traditionally males only.
It tends to be one of the more popular and competitive games during the Arctic Winter Games.
In 2011, Canadian Governor General David Johnston participated in a head pull competition.
# Opportunistic mesh

Opportunistic mesh (OPM) is a wireless networking technology that aims to provide reliable and cost-effective wireless bandwidth when used to build the networking infrastructure of large-scale wireless systems.

## Technology

The OPM technology is based on the cognitive networking principles that are advanced from traditional wireless networking by the opportunistic utilization of both spectrum bandwidth and mesh station/radio availability. Traditional wireless networking assumes that those resources can be predetermined, and the protocol stacks from wire-line networks can be re-used. For example, in the traditional stack, the MAC (media access control) layer allocates spectrum resources to wireless links; and the network layer sets up a network routing path from source to destination based on the overall network topology. In large-scale wireless systems, the use of this stack results in a network that is unable to respond to volatile spectrum availability which can be typical in unlicensed bands where interference prevails. In addition, random station/radio availability is also often encountered due to the dynamic traffic load (congestion) and other factors such as radio failure. Bottlenecks along both wireless links and stations are created because the packet forwarding protocol cannot respond quickly to these changes.
By adopting the cross-layer architecture that merges network routing into wireless link and RF design, the OPM technology can create a dynamic (fluid) wireless network without predetermined topology and spectrum allocation. In the multi-hop wireless communications, every packet takes opportunistically available paths and spectrum in the wireless network on each hop. The network resource utilization can potentially reach its instantaneous maximum, in spite of volatile changes and demand placed on the network.

## Application

Testing results show that the OPM wireless networks can achieve 5–10 times higher throughput (bandwidth) in multi-hop wireless communications and interference environments. The technology can have great applications in current and future smart wireless systems and infrastructures, including such as location/tracking networks, real-time sensor networks, smart vehicular networks, smart healthcare, smart agriculture, industrial controlling, broadband access and mobile social networking, surveillance, smart utilities, and emergency networks. The promoters and supporters of OPM claim that the technology may make wireless communications ultimately scalable and affordable; and once it potentially becomes ubiquitous, the commercial impact could be big as comparable to: 1) what packet-switched network technology (Internet) has brought to personal communications; 2) what mobile communication technology (cellular) has brought to telephony.