OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Lorraine 12Rcr Radium

The Lorraine 12Rcr Radium was an inverted liquid-cooled 60º V-12 piston engine, designed specifically for use by French racing seaplanes competing in the Coupe d'Aviation Maritime Jacques Schneider (commonly known as the Schneider Trophy) air races in the early 1930s.

## Design and development

From the first Schneider Trophy race in 1913, France had a deep desire to fulfil the requirements of Jacques Schneider by winning the competition three times consecutively. Despite this desire, success for French aircraft was not forthcoming. To help address shortcomings, the STIAé ( service technique et industriel de l'aéronautique) issued a specification to three companies for a racing float-plane to compete in the 1932 Schneider Trophy. Power for the three aircraft was to be supplied by an engine specifically designed for the task, the Lorraine 12Rcr Radium.
The 12 Rcr was an inverted V-12 liquid-cooled engine with supercharger and reduction gearbox. Designed to deliver 2,000–2,200 hp (1,500–1,600 kW) at 4,000 rpm, the 12 Rcr had a high specific power from a displacement of only 28.7 L (1,750 cu in) and weight of 510 kg (1,120 lb). Testing on the bench was also carried out with Rateau Turbo-chargers, but

## Operational history

Six engines were ordered, but it is unclear how many were completed, as the examples supplied to Bernard and Nieuport-Delage were merely empty shells for use as mock-ups. Bench testing commenced in March 1931, two months after the intended delivery to the airframe manufacturers, progressing slowly, leading to the first delivery of a complete engine to Dewoitine in July 1931. The second engine was tested at the Lorraine plant up to 3,000 rpm, but this highlighted concerns over the airworthiness of the engine, which was rejected for flight use. Once Great Britain had permanently secured the Schneider Trophy, further development of the Schneider racers and their specialised engines was abandoned.

## Applications

The 12Rcr was intended to power the following racing seaplanes:
* Bernard H.V.220
* Dewoitine HD.412
* Nieuport-Delage NiD.651

## Specifications (12Rcr)

Data from

### General characteristics

* Type: V-12 inverted liquid-cooled piston engine
* Bore: 145 mm (5.7 in)
* Stroke: 145 mm (5.7 in)
* Displacement: 28.7 L (1,750 cu in)
* Dry weight: 510 kg (1,120 lb) dry

### Components

* Supercharger: Rateau mechanical two-stage supercharger with a hydromechanical drive running at 7:1 crankshaft speed.

### Performance

* Power output: 1,500–1,600 kW (2,000–2,200 hp) at 4,000 rpm
* Specific power: 0.3487 kg/kW (0.5733 lb/hp)}
# Musée de l'Aventure Peugeot

The Musée de l'Aventure Peugeot (Museum of the Peugeot Adventure) is a historical museum devoted to the Peugeot automobile business. The museum was founded by members of the Peugeot family, opening in 1988 across the road from the company's huge industrial site at Sochaux.
The first Peugeot automobiles emerged in 1891. The museum presents a global view of the evolution of the Automotive industry virtually from its beginning. Peugeot products with longer pedigrees including bicycles are also represented along with the company's long history as a manufacturer of domestic articles and tools.
The museum is planning to welcome 85,000 visitors in 2010 (2009: 75,000) including approximately 25% from outside France. In the longer term the museum is set up to welcome 90,000 – 100,000 visitors annually, a rate approximately 25% ahead of the 1.6 million visitors recorded in total between 1988 and 2008.

## History

In 1982 Pierre Peugeot, who at the time was president of the company's supervisory board, established a “l’Aventure Peugeot“ team, with the objective of gathering together items representative of the company's nearly two centuries of history. Old cars would form the core of the collection, but its scope would also extend to some of the family's other industrial activities.
In 1984 work started to convert a large workshop on the edge of the company's historic Sochaux site into a museum building to house the collection: this opened to the public in 1988. Progressive improvements continued and in 2000 the museum was extended across the area previously taken by the entire former building which tripled the floor-space of the display area.
The Peugeot business reached its 200th anniversary in May 2010, and to celebrate the museum benefited from a 1,500 m$^2$ extension which increased by 35 to 130 the number of vehicles that can be exhibited at any one time. From 2008 visitors have been able to tour the museum using audio guides, and in 2010 the museum started a cautious roll-out of a “virtual visit” employing the flashcode proprietary technology, operable with a mobile telephone with the appropriate software installed. Initially the virtual tour involved just eight vehicles, but plans exist to extend it to cover every car in the museum.

## Statistics and highlights

* 450 vehicles of which approximately 130 are on display at any one time
* 300 cycles and motorcycles of which approximately 130 are on display at any one time
* 45 000 m² of exhibition space of which 10 000 m² are open to the public
* 5 km of archives

## Gallery

* 1904 automobiles exhibited
* Peugeot coffee grinders
* Peugeot 601
* Peugeot bicycle
* Gas pump
* Place Vendôme in Paris 1920s
# Gesù Buon Pastore alla Montagnola

Gesù Buon Pastore alla Montagnola is a titular church in Rome. It is located in via Luigi Perna.
Its parish was established by Pope Pius XI in 1937 and placed in the care of the Fathers of the Missionary Institute of the Pious Society of St Paul (known as the Paulini, not to be confused with the Paulists at Santa Susanna). The church itself was designed by Carlo Bondini and consecrated much later, on 18 March 1959 by Msgr. Luigi Traglia, and declared to be the "National church of victims of peace, of the fallen and of the victims of war". It is especially dedicated to the memory of the fallen in the Battle of Montagnola and Battle of Cecchignola, two battles against German forces in the Defence of Rome of 9–10 September 1943.
The interior has a canvas of The Good Shepherd, attributed by some to Carlo Dolci, and by others to Carlo Maratta.

## Cardinal-deacons

* Jozef Tomko (1985–1996)
* James Stafford (1998–2008)
* Velasio de Paolis (2010–2017)
* Lazarus You Heung-sik (2022–present)
# Moschoneura

Moschoneura is a genus of butterflies in the family Pieridae. It contains only one species, Moschoneura pinthous, the pinthous mimic white, which is found in northern South America.
Adults mimic Scada karschina and other Ithomiini butterfly species.

## Subspecies

The following subspecies are recognised:
* M. p. pinthous (Suriname)
* M. p. methymna (Godart, 1819) (Brazil)
* M. p. cyra (Doubleday, 1844) (Brazil: Bahia)
* M. p. ela (Hewitson, 1877) (Ecuador)
* M. p. ithomia (Hewitson, 1867) (Ecuador, Peru)
* M. p. amelina (Hopffer, 1874) (Peru)
* M. p. proxima (Röber, 1924) (Brazil: Amazonas)
* M. p. patricia Lamas, 2004 (Peru)
* M. p. monica Lamas, 2004 (Peru)

## Gallery

* M. p. pinthous
* M. p. amelina male
* M. p. amelina female
* M. p. ithomia
* M. p. methymna
# Frank Askin

Frank Askin (January 8, 1932 - July 1, 2021) was an American jurist and professor of law at Rutgers School of Law - Newark.

## Career

He was appointed to the Rutgers faculty upon his graduation from that school with highest honors in 1966. Admitted to the law school without an undergraduate degree, he was awarded a B.A. from City College of New York at the same time he received his J.D. from Rutgers.
In 1970, he established the Constitutional Litigation Clinic as part of the law school's curriculum. Under his guidance, the clinic litigated the first police surveillance cases in the nation; battled the FBI over the investigation and maintenance of files on two precocious New Jersey high schoolers who corresponded with "the wrong persons"; defended affirmative action programs up to the United States Supreme Court; challenged the New Jersey State Police for stopping and searching "long-haired travelers" on the state's highways; argued for the right of the homeless to vote and to have access to public library facilities; and protected the right of grassroots advocacy groups to take their messages door-to-door and to privately owned shopping malls. He still is associated with the clinic.
Professor Askin has been a member of the National Board of the American Civil Liberties Union since 1969 and has been one of the ACLU's four general counsels since 1976. In 1986, he was the (unsuccessful) Democratic candidate for Congress in New Jersey's 11th District, covering parts of Essex and Morris Counties.
His memoir, Defending Rights: A Life in Law and Politics, was published in 1997. He is listed in Woodward & White's Best Lawyers in America.
# Gråt elskede mann

Gråt elskede mann (Cry, Beloved Man) is a Norwegian drama film from 1971 directed by Nils R. Müller. The film was produced by Øyvind Vennerød, and Egil Monn-Iversen composed the music for the film. Sverre Holm stars as Nikolai in the film.
The film is based on a novel by Bjørg Vik with the same title. However, when the film was finished, the author thought it was so bad that she demanded that her name be removed from the film's credits and all marketing. The remuneration she received was donated to the Norwegian Authors' Union's solidarity fund.

## Cast

* Sverre Holm as Nikolai
* Gertie Jung as Ilni
* Birgitta Molin as Eva
* Berit Kullander as Helen
* Espen Skjønberg
* Helge Reiss
* Pål Skjønberg
* Randi Borch
# Gentle Rain

Gentle Rain may refer to:
* "The Gentle Rain", a 1965 bossa nova song composed by Luis Bonfá
* Gentle Rain (Irene Kral album), 1977
* Gentle Rain (John Hicks album), 1994
* The Gentle Rain (film), a 1966 American-Brazilian drama film
# Garra fuliginosa

Garra fuliginosa is a species of ray-finned fish in the genus Garra. It is native to fast flowing water in large Indochinese rivers.
# Mukesh Shah

Mukeshkumar Rasikbhai Shah (born 16 May 1958) is a former judge of the Supreme Court of India, former chief justice of the Patna High Court and a former judge of Gujarat High Court.

## Career

Shah was enrolled as an Advocate on 19 July 1982 and practiced in the Gujarat High Court and Central Administrative Tribunal in civil, criminal, constitutional, taxation, labour, service and company matters and specialized in land, constitutional, education, excise, custom matters. He was appointed as an additional judge of the Gujarat High Court on 7 March 2004 and appointed as permanent judge on 22 June 2005. He was appointed as chief justice of the Patna High Court on 12 August 2018. He was appointed as a judge of Supreme Court of India on 2 November 2018. He retired on 15 May 2023.
He has written more than 700 judgements in four years. He has openly praised the prime minister Narendra Modi. He was a part of many high profile cases.

### Notable judgements

In March 2023, Justice Shah ruled that mere membership of banned organisation constitutes an offence under the Unlawful Activities (Prevention) Act. His comments encouraged petitions on the Love jihad conspiracy theory. He suspended the acquittal of professor GN Saibaba, reversing the Bombay High Court order.
# Harold Morris

Harold Morris may refer to:
* Harold Morris (composer) (1890–1964), American pianist, composer and educator
* Harold Morris (politician) (1876–1967), British lawyer, judge and politician
* Whiz Morris (Harold Marsh Morris, 1898–1984), English cricketer
* Harold Arthur Morris (1884–1977), awarded the Freedom of the City of Kimberley, South Africa
# German submarine U-62

U-62 may refer to one of the following German submarines:
* SM U-62, a Type U 57 submarine launched in 1916 and that served in the First World War until surrendered on 22 November 1918; broken up at Bo'ness in 1920–21
** During the First World War, Germany also had these submarines with similar names:
*** SM UB-62, a Type UB III submarine launched in 1917 and surrendered on 21 November 1918; broken up at Swansea in 1922
*** SM UC-62, a Type UC II submarine launched in 1916 and sunk on 14 October 1917
* German submarine U-62 (1939), a Type IIC submarine that served in the Second World War until scuttled 2 May 1945
# Frescheville

Frescheville may refer to:
* John Frescheville
* Frescheville Holles
# Francis Forester

Major Francis Forester (19 August 1774 – 21 October 1861) was a Tory British Member of Parliament.

## Early life

Forester was born on 19 August 1774, just three days before his father died. He was the fifth and youngest son of Anne (née Townshend) Forester and Lt-Col. Cecil Forester, MP for Wenlock. His elder brother, Cecil, a personal friend of King George IV, assumed the additional surname of Weld by Royal Licence in 1811, upon inheriting Willey Park from their cousin George Forester. Among his siblings were George Townshend-Forester (Recorder of Wenlock), the Rev. Townshend Forester (Prebendary of Worcester).
His paternal grandparents were William Forester, also MP for Wenlock (and son of Sir William Forester and Lady Mary Cecil, a daughter of the 3rd Earl of Salisbury), and the former Catherine Brooke. His maternal grandfather was Robert Townshend.

## Career

Forester became a Lieutenant of the 95th Foot in 1793, Captain in 1794. He was a Captain of the 46th Foot in 1796 and Captain of the 15th Dragoon in 1799, a Major in the Royal Horse Guards in 1803. Forester had pursued his military career until he married a daughter of the Earl of Darlington, with whom he served in Portugal in 1808 and 1809.

### Political career

At the 1820 general election, he was returned for Wenlock to replace his elder brother Cecil who had retired in anticipation of being elevated to the peerage. In line with another brother, the Rev. Townshend Forester who was the Rector of Brosely and Bailiff of Wenlock, he was recorded as voting against Catholic relief.

## Personal life

On 29 July 1813, Forester married Lady Louisa Catherine Barbara Vane (1791–1821), the eldest daughter of William Vane, 1st Duke of Cleveland (then Earl of Darlington) and Lady Catherine Margaret Powlett. Together, they were the parents of:
* William Forester (1816–1816), who died young.
* Honoria Forester (b. 1817), who married Thomas Thornhill, son of Thomas Thornhill and widower of Clara Peirse, in 1839.
* William Henry Forester (1819–1891), who married Hon. Eleanor Fraser, daughter of Hon. William Fraser (a son of the 16th Lord Saltoun), in 1858.
His wife died in 1821. Later in his life, Forester rented Somerby House and lived mainly in London, where he died at his home in St James's Place on 21 October 1861. He left his entire estate to his only surviving son William.
# Campiglossa brunalata

Campiglossa brunalata is a species of tephritid or fruit flies in the genus Campiglossa of the family Tephritidae.

## Distribution

The species is found in Kenya.
# Loxopholis ferreirai

Loxopholis ferreirai is a species of lizard in the family Gymnophthalmidae. The species is endemic to Brazil.

## Etymology

The specific name, ferreirai, is in honor of Portuguese naturalist Alexandre Rodrigues Ferreira.

## Geographic range

L. ferreirai is found in the Brazilian state of Amazonas.

## Habitat

The preferred natural habitat of L. ferreirai is forest.

## Reproduction

L. ferreirai is oviparous, and it does not reproduce by parthenogenesis.
# Garre Marre

Garre Marre (also Garre Marro, Garimaro, Garrimarro) is a Somali clan who live in Ethiopia, Somalia, and Kenya. They inhabit the Dollo, on the southern border of Ethiopia adjacent to northeastern Kenya and Western Somalia, in the Gedo region.
Garremarres are predominantly agropastoralist, and largely depend on farming and keeping small-scale livestock. They are a branch of the main Garre clan of southern Ethiopia, who are also dominant in northern Kenya and western Somalia.
# GWK

GWK may stand for:
* Garuda Wisnu Kencana Cultural Park, a cultural park in Indonesia
* GWK (car), a light car made in England between 1911 and 1931
* Griqua Park in Kimberley, South Africa, previously known by its sponsor's name as GWK Park
# 1911–12 Trinity Blue and White men's basketball team

The 1911–12 Trinity Blue and White's basketball team represented Trinity College (later renamed Duke University) during the 1911–12 men's college basketball season. The head coach was Wilbur Wade Card, coaching his seventh season with the Blue and White. The team finished with an overall record of 6–1.

## Schedule

| Date time, TV | Opponent | Result | Record | Site city, state |
| 12/13/1911* | Elon | W 42–12 | 1–0 | |
| 1/11/1912* | William & Mary | W 56–16 | 2–0 | Williamsburg, VA |
| 2/1/1912* | Guilford | W 14–12 | 3–0 | |
| 2/9/1911* | N.C. State | W 31–28 | 4–0 | |
| 2/16/1912* | Virginia Tech | W 37–32 | 5–0 | |
| 2/21/1912* | Virginia Christian | W 69–9 | 6–0 | |
| 2/24/1912* | NC State | L 13–26 | 6–1 | |
| *Non-conference game. (#) Tournament seedings in parentheses. |||||
# Macasinia minifurcata

Macasinia minifurcata is a species of moth of the family Tortricidae. It is found in Carchi Province, Ecuador.
The wingspan is 16-17.5 mm.
# Fiorini

Fiorini is a village in the Brtonigla municipality in Istria County, Croatia.

## Demographics

According to the 2021 census, its population was 166. It was 165 in 2011.
# Campiglossa bigutta

Campiglossa bigutta is a species of tephritid or fruit flies in the genus Campiglossa of the family Tephritidae.

## Distribution

The species is found in Peru.
# Live Fire

Live Fire may refer to:
* Live Fire, a Black Midi album
* "Live Fire" (Star Wars Resistance)
# Harlan Township, Warren County, Ohio

Harlan Township is one of the eleven townships of Warren County, Ohio, United States. It is located in the southeast corner of the county. The population was 4,929 as of the 2020 census.

## Geography

Located in the southeastern corner of the county, it borders the following townships:
* Washington Township - north
* Vernon Township, Clinton County - northeast
* Marion Township, Clinton County - east
* Wayne Township, Clermont County - southeast
* Goshen Township, Clermont County - southwest
* Hamilton Township - west
* Salem Township - northwest
The two tiny villages of Butlerville and Pleasant Plain are located in Harlan Township, as well as the unincorporated community of Level.

## Name and history

The only Harlan Township statewide, it is named for Aaron Harlan of Xenia, a member of the Ohio General Assembly that created the township and who formerly represented the area in Congress.
Harlan Township was organized in 1860. It was created by the Ohio General Assembly by the Act of March 16, 1860 (Ohio Laws, volume 57, page 135), which took effect that day. It divided the existing Salem Township into two parts, the northern part to be called Corwin Township, the southern to be called Harlan.

## Government

The township is governed by a three-member board of trustees, who are elected in November of odd-numbered years to a four-year term beginning on the following January 1. Two are elected in the year after the presidential election and one is elected in the year before it. There is also an elected township fiscal officer, who serves a four-year term beginning on April 1 of the year after the election, which is held in November of the year before the presidential election. Vacancies in the fiscal officership or on the board of trustees are filled by the remaining trustees.

## Public services

The Little Miami, Blanchester, Goshen, and Clinton Massie school districts serve the township. Mail is delivered through the Pleasant Plain, Clarksville, Morrow, Goshen, and Blanchester post offices. The Little Miami Telephone Company's Butlerville exchange serves most of the township, but parts of Harlan Township lie in the Little Miami, Blanchester, Morrow, and Clarksville telephone exchanges.
# Loreta Asanavičiūtė

Loreta Asanavičiūtė (22 April 1967 – 13 January 1991) was a Lithuanian seamstress who was killed in the January Events, a series of violent confrontations that took place near the Vilnius TV Tower in January 1991.
She was the only female among the 13 people who died in the events at the television tower. She was run over by a Soviet tank and died later in hospital.
A 2.1-kilometre (1.3 mi) road in the centre of Vilnius is named Loretos Asanavičiūtės gatvė in her memory; it was formerly named Žvaigždžių, and renamed in 1996. The house she lived in (nr. 4) is located on that street, with a plaque commemorating her on its wall. A linden tree has been planted in her memory, along with oaks for her male fellow victims. She is buried in the Antakalnis Cemetery in Vilnius.
# Nationalist Conservative

The label Nationalist Conservative was used by several Quebec Members of the House of Commons of Canada (MPs) and several unsuccessful candidates. They used this label in order to distinguish themselves from the British imperialist reputation of the Conservative Party or as a result of disputes with the party.
The three MPs were first elected in the nineteenth century when the term nationalism in Quebec referred to Canadian nationalism, as opposed to British imperialism or a desire for an independent Quebec.
# Fredholm's theorem

In mathematics, Fredholm's theorems are a set of celebrated results of Ivar Fredholm in the Fredholm theory of integral equations. There are several closely related theorems, which may be stated in terms of integral equations, in terms of linear algebra, or in terms of the Fredholm operator on Banach spaces.
The Fredholm alternative is one of the Fredholm theorems.

## Linear algebra

Fredholm's theorem in linear algebra is as follows: if M is a matrix, then the orthogonal complement of the row space of M is the null space of M:
    $(\operatorname {row} M)^{\bot }=\ker M.$
Similarly, the orthogonal complement of the column space of M is the null space of the adjoint:
    $(\operatorname {col} M)^{\bot }=\ker M^{*}.$

## Integral equations

Fredholm's theorem for integral equations is expressed as follows. Let $K(x,y)$ be an integral kernel, and consider the homogeneous equations
    $\int _{a}^{b}K(x,y)\phi (y)\,dy=\lambda \phi (x)$
and its complex adjoint
    $\int _{a}^{b}\psi (x){\overline {K(x,y)}}\,dx={\overline {\lambda }}\psi (y).$
Here, ${\overline {\lambda }}$ denotes the complex conjugate of the complex number $\lambda$, and similarly for ${\overline {K(x,y)}}$. Then, Fredholm's theorem is that, for any fixed value of $\lambda$, these equations have either the trivial solution $\psi (x)=\phi (x)=0$ or have the same number of linearly independent solutions $\phi _{1}(x),\cdots ,\phi _{n}(x)$, $\psi _{1}(y),\cdots ,\psi _{n}(y)$.
A sufficient condition for this theorem to hold is for $K(x,y)$ to be square integrable on the rectangle $[a,b]\times [a,b]$ (where a and/or b may be minus or plus infinity).
Here, the integral is expressed as a one-dimensional integral on the real number line. In Fredholm theory, this result generalizes to integral operators on multi-dimensional spaces, including, for example, Riemannian manifolds.

## Existence of solutions

One of Fredholm's theorems, closely related to the Fredholm alternative, concerns the existence of solutions to the inhomogeneous Fredholm equation
    $\lambda \phi (x)-\int _{a}^{b}K(x,y)\phi (y)\,dy=f(x).$
Solutions to this equation exist if and only if the function $f(x)$ is orthogonal to the complete set of solutions $\{\psi _{n}(x)\}$ of the corresponding homogeneous adjoint equation:
    $\int _{a}^{b}{\overline {\psi _{n}(x)}}f(x)\,dx=0$
where ${\overline {\psi _{n}(x)}}$ is the complex conjugate of $\psi _{n}(x)$ and the former is one of the complete set of solutions to
    $\lambda {\overline {\psi (y)}}-\int _{a}^{b}{\overline {\psi (x)}}K(x,y)\,dx=0.$
A sufficient condition for this theorem to hold is for $K(x,y)$ to be square integrable on the rectangle $[a,b]\times [a,b]$.
# Camden Township, Ontario

Camden Township may refer to:
* Camden Township, Kent County, Ontario, a former geographic township within Kent County, Ontario; now part of Chatham-Kent, Ontario
* Camden Township, Addington County, Ontario, a former geographic township within Addington County, Ontario; now part of Stone Mills Township, Lennox and Addington County, Ontario