OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Master gardener program

Master Gardener programs (also known as Extension Master Gardener Programs) are volunteer programs that train individuals in the science and art of gardening. These individuals pass on the information they learned during their training, as volunteers who advise and educate the public on gardening and horticulture.

## Background

The first Master Gardener program was founded in 1973 by Dr. David Gibby of Washington State University Cooperative Extension in the greater Tacoma area to meet a high demand for urban horticulture and gardening advice. The first trial clinic was held at the Tacoma Mall in 1972. When that was successful, the Master Gardener Program was officially established, a curriculum created, and training began in King County and Pierce County in 1973. The concept then spread to other U.S. states and Canadian provinces.
In the US, groups are affiliated with a land-grant university and one of its cooperative extension service offices. Canadian Master Gardener groups have different organizational structures, including incorporation as a charitable non-profit (Ontario) and universities (Saskatchewan). Typically, Master Gardeners receive extensive training and then provide information to the public via phone or email helplines, speaking at public events, writing articles for publications and the internet, and partnering with other community programs, gardens, and educational facilities.
Master Gardeners are active in all 50 states in the United States and eight Canadian provinces. According to the 2009 Extension Master Gardener Survey, there are nearly 95,000 active Extension Master Gardeners, who provide approximately 5,000,000 volunteer service hours of per year to their communities. Once volunteers are accepted into a Master Gardener program, they are trained by cooperative extension, university, and local industry specialists in subjects such as taxonomy, plant pathology, soil health, entomology, cultural growing requirements, sustainable gardening, nuisance wildlife management, and integrated pest management.
After completing training, master gardeners serve their communities by providing guidance to others and maintaining community and historic gardens. Awards are regularly presented to master gardeners for community service, innovative programs, and other topics.
# Masters of Chant Chapter IV

Masters of Chant IV is the fifth album by German band Gregorian.

## Track listing

* "The Gift" (Carsten Heusmann, Amelia Brightman)
* "Bridge over Troubled Water" (Paul Simon) (original by Simon and Garfunkel)
* "With or Without You" (U2) (original by U2)
* "Maid of Orleans" (Andy McCluskey) (original by Orchestral Manoeuvres in the Dark)
* "Angels" (Guy Chambers, Robbie Williams) (original by Robbie Williams)
* "Evening Falls..." (Enya, Nicky Ryan) (original by Enya)
* "I'll Find My Way Home" (Jon Anderson, Vangelis) (original by Jon & Vangelis)
* "Imagine" (John Lennon) (original by John Lennon)
* "For No One" (John Lennon, Paul McCartney) (original by The Beatles)
* "Hide and Seek" (Howard Jones) (original by Howard Jones)
* "World" (Barry Gibb, Maurice Gibb, Robin Gibb) (original by Bee Gees)
* "High Hopes" (David Gilmour, Polly Samson) (original by Pink Floyd)
* "Clocks" (Guy Berryman, Jon Buckland, Will Champion, Chris Martin) (original by Coldplay)

### Bonus tracks

* "The End of Days" (Jan-Eric Kohrs, Amelia Brightman)
* "Heaven Is a Place on Earth" (Rick Nowels, Ellen Shipley) (original by Belinda Carlisle)
* "Le Temps des Cathedrales" (Luc Plamondon, Riccardo Cocciante) (from the musical Notre Dame de Paris)
# HD 106760

HD 106760 is a single-lined spectroscopic binary star system in the northern constellation of Coma Berenices. It is faintly visible to the naked eye, having an apparent visual magnitude of 4.99. The system is located around 318 light years away, as determined from its annual parallax shift of 10.2417 mas. It is moving closer with a heliocentric radial velocity of −40 km/s, and is expected to come as close as 259 ly in about 772,000 years.
The variable radial velocity of HD 106760 was announced by W. W. Campbell of Lick Observatory in 1922, indicating the binary nature of this system. A preliminary orbit was determined by Mount Wilson Observatory astronomer W. H. Christie in 1936, then refined by English astronomer R. F. Griffin in 1984. The components of this system orbit each other with a period of 3.6 years and an eccentricity of 0.43.
The visible component has a stellar classification of K0.5 III–IIIb, indicating it is an evolved K-type giant star. It is around 1.6 billion years old with 1.9 times the mass of the Sun and has expanded to 17 times the Sun's radius. The star is radiating 112 times the Sun's luminosity from its enlarged photosphere at an effective temperature of 4,581 K.
# HD 106515

HD 106515 is a binary star (and currently visual triple system) in the constellation of Virgo.
The A and B stars are both K-type main-sequence stars, both somewhat smaller and cooler than the Sun. The two are gravitationally bound and separated at 310 AU. The binary semimajor axis is 390 AU.
The third star in the visual triple, BD−06°3533, is a physically unrelated background star.

## Properties

HD 106515 AB is a wide binary system which was first observed by Jérôme de Lalande in 1795.
The discovery of HD 106515 Ab was announced in a preprint submitted on September 12, 2011. The discovery was made using radial velocity measurements obtained at the CORALIE spectrograph located at La Silla Observatory. Confirmation of the discovery was made by a separate team using the Galileo National Telescope at the Roque de los Muchachos Observatory on the island of La Palma in the Canary Islands, Spain. Initially announced as an exoplanet, astrometric observations in 2021 have found that the true mass is significantly higher than its minimum mass predicted from radial velocity, so it is likely a brown dwarf. A 2022 study found a true mass closer to the minimum mass, but the parameters are less well constrained.
The HD 106515 A planetary system :
| Companion (in order from star) | Mass | Semimajor axis (AU) | Orbital period (years) | Eccentricity | Inclination | Radius |
| b | 18.9+1.5 −1.4 M$_J$ | 4.48±0.050 | 9.927+0.030 −0.032 | 0.571±0.012 | 29.2+2.4 −2.2° | — |
# HD 107148

HD 107148 is a wide binary star system in the constellation of Virgo. A pair of exoplanets have been confirmed in orbit around the brighter star. This system is located at a distance of 161 light years from the Sun based on parallax measurements, and is drifting further away with a radial velocity of 25.2 K. Although having an absolute magnitude of 4.47, at that range the system is too faint to be visible with the naked eye, having an apparent visual magnitude of 8.01.
The brighter primary member, designated component A, has a spectrum that presents as a G-type main-sequence star, a yellow dwarf, with a stellar classification of G5V. The star is about 4 billion years old and is spinning with a projected rotational velocity of 1.2 km/s. Based on the abundance of iron, a measure of the star's metallicity, it is twice as enriched with heavy elements than the Sun. The star exhibits a magnetic activity cycle with a period around 6 years. It has 1.1 times the mass of the Sun and 1.15 times the Sun's radius. HD 107148 is radiating 1.34 times the luminosity of the Sun from its photosphere at an effective temperature of 5,789 K.
In 2012, a comoving white dwarf stellar companion HD 107148 B was detected at projected separation of 1,790 AU, and was confirmed in 2014. It is a 0.6 M$_☉$ remnant core of the former 1.8±0.2 M$_☉$ star with a cooling age of 2.1±0.3 Gyr. This was formerly the primary component of this system before it ejected much of its mass.

## Planetary system

In 2006, a discovery of Saturn-mass planet was announced. Another Neptune-sized planet was discovered in 2021, together with significantly refined orbit of HD 107148 b.
HD 107148 should not be confused with HD 108147 located in Crux constellation, which also has an extrasolar planet discovered in 2000.
The HD 107148 planetary system :
| Companion (in order from star) | Mass | Semimajor axis (AU) | Orbital period (days) | Eccentricity | Inclination | Radius |
| b | >0.196±0.009 M$_J$ | 0.3692$^{+0.0037}$ $_{−0.0038}$ | 77.185$^{+0.01}$ $_{−0.025}$ | 0.15$^{+0.02}$ $_{−0.06}$ | — | — |
| c | > 0.068$^{+0.004}$ $_{−0.005}$ M$_J$ | 0.1415±0.0015 | 18.3270$^{+0.0008}$ $_{−0.0016}$ | 0.40$^{+0.04}$ $_{−0.08}$ | — | — |
# HD 107148 b

HD 107148 b is a jovian exoplanet with minimum mass of only 70% that of Saturn. Unlike Saturn, it orbits much closer to the star. The planetary orbit was significantly refined in the 2021.
# Matozinhos

Matozinhos is a municipality in the state of Minas Gerais in the Southeast region of Brazil.

## History

Matozinhos was founded in 1823 and became municipality on 1 January 1944.

## Geography
### Climate

Matozinhos is classified as humid subtropical climate (Köppen climate classification: Cwa).
# Ocean View, California

Ocean View, California may refer to:
* Albany, California, named Ocean View from 1908-1909
* Ocean View, Berkeley, California
* Ocean View, San Francisco, California
# Oahu Swamp hedyleptan moth

The Oahu Swamp hedyleptan moth (Omiodes epicentra) is a species of moth in the family Crambidae that is endemic to Hawaii.
# 2010 British National Track Championships

The 2010 British National Track Championships were a series of track cycling competitions held from 21 to 25 September 2010 at the Manchester Velodrome. They are organised and sanctioned by British Cycling, and were open to British cyclists.

## Medal summary
### Men's Events

| Event | Gold | Silver | Bronze |
| 1 km Time Trial | Bruce Croall | Andrew Kelly | Ieuan Williams |
| Sprint | Jason Kenny | Matthew Crampton | Chris Hoy |
| Keirin | Ross Edgar | Jason Kenny | Chris Pritchard |
| Team sprint | Chris Hoy Jason Kenny Ross Edgar Matt Crampton | John Paul Callum Skinner Kevin Stewart | Jody Cundy Andrew Kelly Dave Readle |
| Individual Pursuit | Peter Kennaugh | George Atkins | Sam Harrison |
| Team pursuit | Ben Elliot Jack Green Chris Bush Barney Storey | Jody Cundy Tim Lawson Adam Duggleby Alistair Rutherford | Andrew Magnier Rich Hepworth Jason White Simon Wilson |
| Points | George Atkins | Simon Yates | Mark Christian |
| Scratch | Peter Kennaugh | Simon Yates | Geraint Thomas |

### Women's Events

| Event | Gold | Silver | Bronze |
| 500m time trial | Victoria Pendleton | Becky James | Jessica Varnish |
| Sprint | Victoria Pendleton | Becky James | Jessica Varnish |
| Keirin | Victoria Pendleton | Jessica Varnish | Helen Scott |
| Team sprint | Jess Varnish Becky James | Jenny Davis Charline Joiner | Emma Baird Kayleigh Brogan |
| Individual Pursuit | Wendy Houvenaghel | Sarah Storey | Laura Trott |
| Team pursuit | Sarah Storey Dani King Alex Greenfield | Rebecca Romero Janet Birkmyre Emily Wix | Louise Satherley Donna Williams Estelle Rogers |
| Points | Corrine Hall | Dani King | Anna Blyth |
| Scratch | Anna Blyth | Harriet Owen | Dani King |
# HMS Begum

One ship of the Royal Navy has borne the name HMS Begum, whilst another was planned:
* HMS Begum was to have been an escort carrier. She was however retained by the US Navy as the Casablanca-class escort carrier USS Natoma Bay.
* HMS Begum (D38) was a Ruler-class escort carrier, previously USS Bolinas. She was launched in 1942, returned to the US Navy in 1946 and sold in 1947.
# Oakbank Racecourse

Oakbank Racecourse, also but less frequently known as the "Onkaparinga Racecourse", is home of the Oakbank Racing Club, a club which, until 2009, raced just twice annually, Easter Saturday and Easter Monday at the Oakbank Easter Racing Carnival, and has done continually since 1876, except during World War II when it was held at Victoria Park and Morphettville Racecourse due to the army taking over the facility.
Located in South Australia's Adelaide Hills, it is the home of steeplechasing and jumping in SA, which combines with flat racing over the festival, including the famous Great Eastern Steeplechase and classic Harry D. Young Hurdle. Brooklyn Park Jockey Jack McGowan was a regular and prominent identity in the late 1800s and early 1900s on horses such as Strike and All Fours. Jack won the Harry D Young Hurdle on Jack Spratt and also run close seconds in the Great Eastern Steeplechase and Oakbank Hurdle on Edirol and Culleraine.
In 2019 Oakbank Easter Saturday was still South Australia's most attended race day in the SA racing calendar hosted by Oakbank racing club.
Oakbank Week is held each year on the Sunday, Wednesday and Saturday prior to Easter Sunday, except in 2020 when it was cancelled due to COVID-19. Easter Saturday at Oakbank now attracts crowds of over 20,000, when the feature Great Eastern Steeplechase is run. The racing carnival used to attract massive crowds, with about 40,000 attending the Saturday meeting and up around 70,000 attending on Easter Monday.
From 2009 the inaugural Oakbank Prelude Raceday has taken place two weeks before Easter, marking the first time that a separate meeting to the Easter Carnival has taken place at Oakbank. The famous Von Doussa Steeplechase is run on this program.

## Jumps-racing controversy

The Oakbank Easter Racing Carnival has received backlash from the RSPCA Australia, Animals Australia, and The Humane Society International Australia for the number of deaths associated with jumps-racing. There have been 7 reported horse deaths during jumps-races at Oakbank since 2010, including 2 in 2010, 1 in 2011, 2 in 2012, 1 in 2014 and 1 in 2017. In Australia in 2021, Victoria and South Australia are the only states where jumps-racing is conducted.
On October 1, 2021, it was announced that jumps racing will no longer be conducted in South Australia mainly due to the small number of South Australian jumps horses. There were plans to run the Great Eastern and Von Doussa Steeplechase as a flat race. However on 3rd March 2022 it was announced that would not happen. However, many jumps racing supporters attempted to keep jumps racing at Oakbank and that fight went into the South Australian Court System. That would result in an election occurring which the anti-jumps faction won but debate surrounding that vote spilled into more legal action. But not long after the South Australian Government stepped in and outlawed jumps racing in the state.
# Oceania Rugby

Oceania Rugby, previously known as the Federation of Oceania Rugby Unions (FORU), is the regional governing body for rugby union in Oceania. It was founded in 2000 to represent the interests of Oceania rugby within World Rugby, the international governing body. It presently encompasses fourteen full members and two associate members.

## Tournaments

Under the umbrella of World Rugby, Oceania Rugby oversees the following competitions:
* Pacific Nations Cup
* Pacific Challenge
* Oceania Rugby Men's Championship
* Oceania Rugby Men's Sevens Championship
* Oceania Rugby Women's Championship
* Oceania Rugby Women's Sevens Championship
* Oceania Rugby Under 20 Championship

## Members

There are 14 full members of Oceania Rugby:
* American Samoa
* Australia
* Cook Islands
* Fiji
* Nauru
* New Zealand
* New Caledonia
* Niue
* Papua New Guinea
* Samoa
* Solomon Islands
* Tonga
* Tuvalu
* Vanuatu
There are 2 associate members of Oceania Rugby:
* Tahiti
* Wallis and Futuna

## World Rugby Rankings

Men's World Rugby Rankings (as of 2 January 2023) :
| Oceania* | World Rugby | National Team | Points |
| 1 | 3 | New Zealand | 88.98 |
| 2 | 6 | Australia | 81.8 |
| 3 | 11 | Samoa | 76.03 |
| 4 | 14 | Fiji | 74.84 |
| 5 | 15 | Tonga | 71.21 |
| 6 | 53 | Cook Islands | 45.11 |
| 7 | 84 | Papua New Guinea | 33.68 |
| 8 | 98 | Niue | 28.63 |
| 9 | 103 | Solomon Islands | 23.97 |
| 10 | 108 | Vanuatu | 15.29 |
| 11 | 109 | American Samoa | 13.53 |
| *Local rankings based on World Rugby ranking points |||||
Women's World Rugby Rankings (as of 2 January 2023) :
| Oceania* | World Rugby | National Team | Points |
| 1 | 2 | New Zealand | 93.19 |
| 2 | 6 | Australia | 78 |
| 3 | 16 | Fiji | 58.33 |
| 4 | 18 | Samoa | 58.01 |
| 5 | 29 | Tonga | 42.79 |
| 6 | 49 | Papua New Guinea | 36.14 |
| *Local rankings based on World Rugby ranking points |||||
# 1995–96 SM-liiga season

The 1995–96 SM-liiga season was the 21st season of the SM-liiga, the top level of ice hockey in Finland. 12 teams participated in the league, and Jokerit Helsinki won the championship.

## Standings

| | Team | GP | W | T | L | GF | GA | Diff | Pts |
| 1 | Jokerit | 50 | 31 | 11 | 8 | 190 | 91 | +99 | 73 |
| 2 | TPS | 50 | 33 | 5 | 12 | 216 | 141 | +75 | 71 |
| 3 | Lukko | 50 | 25 | 9 | 16 | 205 | 177 | +28 | 59 |
| 4 | Tappara | 50 | 24 | 7 | 19 | 172 | 161 | +11 | 55 |
| 5 | HPK | 50 | 23 | 7 | 20 | 160 | 151 | +9 | 53 |
| 6 | HIFK | 50 | 21 | 10 | 19 | 142 | 158 | -16 | 52 |
| 7 | Ässät | 50 | 22 | 5 | 23 | 140 | 160 | -20 | 49 |
| 8 | Ilves | 50 | 18 | 7 | 25 | 153 | 183 | -30 | 43 |
| 9 | Kiekko-Espoo | 50 | 18 | 6 | 26 | 131 | 164 | -33 | 42 |
| 10 | JYP | 50 | 13 | 11 | 26 | 132 | 155 | -23 | 37 |
| 11 | KalPa | 50 | 13 | 10 | 27 | 126 | 162 | -36 | 36 |
| 12 | TuTo | 50 | 12 | 6 | 32 | 140 | 204 | -64 | 30 |

## Playoffs
### Quarterfinals

* Jokerit - Ilves 3:0 (11:2, 7:2, 3:1)
* TPS - Ässät 3:0 (4:0, 4:2, 6:3)
* Lukko - HIFK 3:0 (2:1, 6:4, 4:1)
* Tappara - HPK 1:3 (1:3, 3:5, 7:2, 1:7)

### Semifinals

* Jokerit - HPK 3:1 (2:3, 3:0, 4:1, 6:0)
* TPS - Lukko 3:1 (2:3, 3:1, 4:2, 4:2)

### 3rd place

* Lukko - HPK 2:1

### Final

* Jokerit - TPS 3:1 (0:1, 6:1, 5:1, 4:1)
# Oidium indicum

Oidium indicum is a plant pathogen.
# Giuseppe Ayroldi

Giuseppe Ayroldi (10 July 1895 – 15 October 1962) was an Italian politician.
Ayroldi was born in Ostuni. He represented the Common Man's Front in the Constituent Assembly of Italy from 1946 to 1948.
# Peragallo

Peragallo is a surname. Notable people with the name include:
* John Peragallo Jr. (1932–2008), American businessman, president of the Peragallo Pipe Organ Company
* Nilda (Nena) Peragallo (living), the Dean and Professor of the School of Nursing and Health Studies at the University of Miami, Florida
# Ganggyeong-class minehunter

Ganggyeong-class minehunter (강경급 기뢰탐색함, 江景級機雷探索艦) is a ship class of minehunters currently in service on the Republic of Korea Navy.
Because of the improvements in naval mine technology in the 1980s, and the lack of minesweeping ability, the Korean Navy designed their first minehunter ship in 1983 and launched the first minehunter, Ganggyeong, in 1986. Currently, there are six Ganggyeong-class minehunter operating in the Korean Navy.

## History

At the Korean War, Korea did not have proper minesweeping equipment, and it was all about pulling naval mines out of fishing nets or blowing up floating mines with light machine guns. Therefore, North Korea inflicted massive damage by the naval mine. From the 1950s, Korea purchased and used American minehunting vehicles, called Geumhwa, Geumsan, Namyang classes.
In the 1980s, according to the research report on the Navy, the Korean Navy's ability to minesweep was very weak compared to North Korea. There were very few short-range ships, and the ships in operation were seriously degraded due to deterioration. The Korean Navy felt an urgent need to modify existing coastal submarines or to introduce new ships.
The Korean Navy began ship design in 1983, and finished its first minehunter project in 1986, with the launch of the first ship Ganggyeong. Later, five more ships were launched and commissioned.
After the development of Ganggyeong class, the development of the Yangyang-class minesweeper was conducted based on the previous class. The Yangyang class has improved minesweeping ability compared to the Ganggyeong class.

## Design

Ganggyeong-class ships are 50 metres (164 ft 1 in) long, 8.31 m (27 ft 3 in) wide. They are equipped with a 20 mm (0.8 in) main gun, small depth charges, about 300 naval mines, and Mine Disposal Vehicle (MDV). They use two Voith Schneider Propellers as propulsion, to control the ship more precisely.
Officially about 50 crew are board the ship, but some source suggests that it is 40.

### Hull material

To protect the ship from magnetic mine, the ship's hull is made of fibre-reinforced plastic, which does not have a magnetic attraction. It also minimized metallic equipment to tightly control the magnetic material inside the ship. Steel objects that are brought into the ship, like canned food, are heavily restricted and strictly controlled.

## Naming

The naming of minehunter ships is taken from the names of counties and towns adjacent to a naval base. For example, Ganggyeong is the name of Ganggyeong-Eup in Nonsan, South Chungcheong, and Gangjin is taken from Gangjin County, South Jeolla.

## List of ships

| Hull no. | Name | Commissioned | Note |
| MHC 561 | ROKS Ganggyeong | 1986 | First project |
| MHC 562 | ROKS Gangjin | 1991 | Second project |
| MHC 563 | ROKS Goryeong | 1991 | Second project |
| MHC 565 | ROKS Gimpo | 1993 | Third project |
| MHC 566 | ROKS Gochang | 1993 | Third project |
| MHC 567 | ROKS Gimhwa | 1994 | Third project |
# Masters of Defence

Masters of Defence or Masters of Fencing is a widespread guild of teachers specializing in close combat military techniques with weapons, civilian fighting skills, and unarmed combat. The title was coined during the medieval period, and referred to men who were particularly skilled at the art of fighting.

## Beginning

The first Master known to history, at least according to this article, is Master Roger (known as le Skirmisour) of 1311 London.
The Masters of Defence within Germany were the first to organize themselves into guilds, such as the 1480 Marxbrüder. Other guilds included the Company of St Luke (Luxbrueder) and the Federfechter.

## Later
### Organisation

Prior to the year 1540, Henry VIII of England, established the Corporation of the Masters of Defence. During 1540, an order was given to nine Masters of Fence and eleven provosts to seek out other individuals acting as instructors who were of lower-standing and ill-repute, which included details of the rules of expected behavior and right conduct for those so-called Masters. In addition, fencing schools were already made party to the rules of law during the same time-period. At about 1570, the ruler of the nation of France recognized the first association of fencing masters of his country.
During the late nineteenth century and twentieth century, there were a number of masters originating in the countries of Belgium, France, Italy, and Hungary, who migrated to the United States of America.

### Personages

Fencing Masters known to history were Captain Caizo (circa sometime a little prior to July 1547), teacher of Le Sieur de Jarnac (who famously fought Lord Chastaigneraie in a duel); the 16th century Italian masters Agrippa, (Rocco Bonetti c.1570), Capo ferro, Di Grassi, Fabris, Giganti, Marozzo, and Viggiani; Jean Baptiste le Perche du Coudray (c.1603, French); Wilhelm Kreussler father of the Kreussler dynasty, Wernesson de Liancour (c.1686); Sir William Hope (1660-1729); Henry Blackwell; James Figg (champion of the Corporation of Masters of Defence); Heinrich Wilhelm Kreussler a member of Germany's most important master fencing dynasties and teacher of Anthon Friedrich Kahn (18th century); Domenico Angelo; La Boiëssière père and Joseph Boulogne, joint inventors of the fencing mask (c.18th century); Sainct Didier, the supposed father of modern fencing; and General Franz Siegel, the master of the first fencing school in the USA at the New York turnverein (circa.1851).

## Publications

Between the 13th and 17th centuries, there were more than one hundred manuals of martial defense created by these Masters.
Jean Baptiste le Perche du Coudray (c.1603) was the first of France's modern masters to publish.
There is a 1711 publication by Zach Wylde on the subject.
Amongst others, Egerton Castle wrote a text entitled Schools and Masters of Fencing: From the Middle Ages to the Eighteenth Century.