OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Nakur

Nakur is a town, tehsil and a municipal board in Saharanpur district in the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh.

## Geography

Nakur is located at 29°55′N 77°18′E﻿ / ﻿29.92°N 77.30°E﻿ / 29.92; 77.30. It has an average elevation of 261 metres (856 feet). It is located 24 km from Saharanpur.

## History

It is the oldest tehsil. In mythology, it is said that Nakul from the Pandwas founded Nakur. It was done when the Mahabharat war was fought, and later people settled. There is a tree in Nakur, under which it is supposed that Nakul stayed. The tree is in a temple called "Mahadev Mandir". Nakur has an important Pathan history. Pashtuns from Sher Shah Suri progeny made their home in Nakur. It was during the era of Ibrahim Khan Suri (grandfather of Sher Shah Suri) an adventurer from Roh, Afghanistan, who became the Jagirdar in Haryana that the Pashtuns flourished in the nearby areas. Today the progeny of great Sher Shah Suri empire has its niche in Nakur. The town has a glorious history of inter community relations.
Nakur is listed in the Ain-i-Akbari as a pargana under Saharanpur sarkar, producing a revenue of 1,387,070 dams for the imperial treasury and supplying a force of 300 infantry and 40 cavalry. The presence of Afghan and Brahmin communities in Nakur at the time are noted.

## Demographics

As of 2011 India census, Nakur had a population of 22,712. Males constitute 52.24% of the population and females 47.75%. Nakur has an average literacy rate of 72.78%, lower than the national average of 74.04%; male literacy is 80.03%, and female literacy is 64.92%. In Nakur, 13.83% of the population is under 6 years of age.

## Nakur Villages

Nakur is a tehsil and under this tehsil, these are the villages and area comes under this tehsil
* Alipura
* Saroorpur Gada
* Ahmedpur Brahman
* Khairpura
* Beedpur
# Pedicularis sudetica

Pedicularis sudetica, common names of which are fernweed, Sudeten lousewort, Sedetic lousewort, and Sudetic lousewort is a species of flowering plant in the family Orobanchaceae which is native to Poland, the former Czechoslovakia, and northern Russia to the Urals, but can now be found in such US states as Alaska, Colorado, New Mexico, Wyoming, and Canada since it was introduced there. The plant is both perennial and bisexual. It grows 0.3 m (1 ft 0 in) high with the flowers being hermaphrodite.
# Mycena minirubra

Mycena minirubra is a species of fungus in the family Mycenaceae. Found only in New Zealand, the fungus produces tiny crimson fruit bodies with caps up to 1 mm (0.04 in) in diameter, atop that stems that arise from a basal disk of mycelium.

## Taxonomy

The species was first described scientifically by New Zealand mycologists Greta Stevenson and Grace Marie Taylor in a 1964 publication. The type specimens were found by Taylor in May, 1961, at the Wellington Botanic Garden.
The fungus was originally classified in the section Basipedes, but since that time, Rudolph Arnold Maas Geesteranus has divided Basipedes into five new sections.

## Description

The cap is 0.5–1 mm (0.02–0.04 in) in diameter, crimson, and hemispheric in shape. The cap surface has 10–16 deep grooves that correspond to the position of the gills underneath. The flesh is thin and red. The gills have a decurrent attachment to the stem, and are distantly spaced. They are shallow, apricot in color, and occasionally forked. The edges of the gills are covered with crimson vesicles. The stem is 3–5 mm (0.12–0.20 in) by 0.1–0.5 mm (0.004–0.02 in), crimson, smooth, with a white disc of mycelium at the base.
The spores are tear-shaped, and measure 7–10 by 3–4 μm. They are amyloid, meaning they will absorb iodine when stained with Melzer's reagent. The cheilocystidia are flask-shaped to pin-headed, measuring 40 by 5–8 μm. The red pigment will dissolve in a solution of ammonium hydroxide.

## Habitat and distribution

Like all Mycena species, M. minirubra is saprobic—feeding off the decomposing organic remains of plant matter. The mushroom was originally found growing on the fallen leaves of Elaeocarpus dentatus, a species of flowering plant in the family Elaeocarpaceae. It has been reported from the Bullock Creek Track in Punakaiki, and the Nile River Walkway.
# ATA antibodies

ATA antibodies may refer to:
* Anti-transglutaminase antibodies
* Anti-topoisomerase antibodies
* Anti-thyroglobulin antibodies
# Pithomyia

Pithomyia is a genus of flies in the family Stratiomyidae.

## Species

* Pithomyia laevifrons Kertész, 1916
* Pithomyia stuckenbergi James, 1975
# Central Criminal Court

A Central Criminal Court refers to major legal court responsible for trying crimes within a given jurisdiction. Such courts include:
* Central Criminal Court of England and Wales, commonly known as the Old Bailey, the name which the Crown Court uses when sitting in the City of London
* Central Criminal Court, the name for the High Court of Ireland when it is hearing a criminal case
* Central Criminal Court of Iraq
# AMRO (disambiguation)

AMRO may refer to:
* AMRO, for ASEAN+3 Macroeconomic and Research Office, a linked multilateral surveillance body
* AMRO Bank (contraction of AMsterdamsche & ROtterdamsche Bank), a former Dutch bank
* ABN AMRO, a Dutch bank formed by 1991 merger of AMRO Bank with Algemene Bank Nederland
* the Pan American Health Organization, as AMericas Regional Office (abbreviated as AMRO) of the World Health Organization
# Multi-fragment algorithm

The multi-fragment (MF) algorithm is a heuristic or approximation algorithm for the travelling salesman problem (TSP) (and related problems). This algorithm is also sometimes called the "greedy algorithm" for the TSP.
The algorithm builds a tour for the traveling salesman one edge at a time and thus maintains multiple tour fragments, each of which is a simple path in the complete graph of cities. At each stage, the algorithm selects the edge of minimal cost that either creates a new fragment, extends one of the existing paths or creates a cycle of length equal to the number of cities.
# Henry Jay Forman

Henry Jay Forman is both Distinguished Professor Emeritus of Biochemistry at the University of California, Merced. and Research Professor Emeritus of Gerontology at the University of Southern California (USC) Leonard Davis School of Gerontology. He is a specialist in free radical biology and chemistry, antioxidant defense, and pioneered work in redox signaling including the mechanisms of induced resistance to oxidative stress.

## Biography

He received his degrees from Queens College of the City University of New York and Columbia University. After holding a Post-Doctoral position at Duke University, he held faculty positions in biochemistry, physiology, molecular pharmacology, toxicology, pediatrics, and pathology. He was previously a faculty member at the University of Pennsylvania, the USC School of Medicine and the USC School of Pharmacy and then moved to the University of Alabama, Birmingham, School of Public Health, where he was the Chairman of Environmental Health Sciences. He was one of the founding faculty at the University of California, Merced.

## Career

Forman has focused almost his entire career on redox (free radical) biology and chemistry He has worked on the biological generation and defense against oxidants and on the cellular use of oxidants as physiologically important signals. His work contains over 200 publications. His major current research focuses on understanding how aging causes increased susceptibility to air pollution.
He is the Past President of the Society for Free Radical Biology and Medicine and Executive Editor of Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics. He served as the Governor’s appointed scientist on the San Joaquin Valley Air Pollution Control District Governing Board. He is a Fellow of the Society of Free Radical Biology and Medicine (now Society for Redox Biology and Medicine).
Forman was the recipient of the Society for Free Radical Research - Europe Award Lectureship and the Lifetime Achievement Award from the Society for Redox biology and Medicine. He has served on the Scientific Policy Committee of the American Physiological Society.
# Metaxitagma

Metaxitagma is a moth genus in the family Autostichidae.

## Species

* Metaxitagma connivens Gozmány, 1985
* Metaxitagma mauricum Gozmány, 2008
* Metaxitagma monotona Gozmány, 2008
# AWM–Microsoft Research Prize in Algebra and Number Theory

The AWM–Microsoft Research Prize in Algebra and Number Theory and is a prize given every other year by the Association for Women in Mathematics to an outstanding young female researcher in algebra or number theory. It was funded in 2012 by Microsoft Research and first issued in 2014.

## Winners

* Sophie Morel (2014), for her research in number theory, particularly her contributions to the Langlands program, an application of her results on weighted cohomology, and a new proof of Brenti's combinatorial formula for Kazhdan-Lusztig polynomials.
* Lauren Williams (2016), for her research in algebraic combinatorics, particularly her contributions on the totally nonnegative Grassmannian, her work on cluster algebras, and her proof (with Musiker and Schiffler) of the famous Laurent positivity conjecture.
* Melanie Wood (2018), for her research in number theory and algebraic geometry, particularly her contributions in arithmetic statistics and tropical geometry, as well as her work with Ravi Vakil on the limiting behavior of natural families of varieties.
* Melody Chan (2020), in recognition of her advances at the interface between algebraic geometry and combinatorics.
* Jennifer Balakrishnan (2022), in recognition of her advances in computing rational points on algebraic curves over number fields.
* Yunqing Tang (2024), for "work in arithmetic geometry, including results on the Grothendieck–Katz $p$-curvature conjecture, a conjecture of Ogus on algebraicity of cycles, arithmetic intersection theory, and the unbounded denominators conjecture of Atkin and Swinnerton-Dyer"
# Mollalı, Qubadli

39°14′41″N 46°40′06″E﻿ / ﻿39.24472°N 46.66833°E﻿ / 39.24472; 46.66833
Mollalı is a village in the Qubadli Rayon of Azerbaijan. It was occupied by the Armenian forces in 1993. The Army of Azerbaijan recaptured the village on or around October 30, 2020.
# Pithon

Pithon (French pronunciation:) is a commune in the Aisne department in Hauts-de-France in northern France.
# George North, 3rd Earl of Guilford

George Augustus North, 3rd Earl of Guilford, FRS (11 September 1757 – 20 April 1802), known as The Honourable George North until 1790 and as Lord North from 1790 to 1792, was a British politician.

## Early life

Guilford was the eldest son of Frederick North, 2nd Earl of Guilford (commonly known as Lord North) who served as Prime Minister of Great Britain from 1770 to 1782, and his wife Anne (née Speke), Ranger of Bushy Park from 1771 to 1797. Among his siblings were Francis North (later the 4th Earl), Catherine Anne North (wife of Sylvester Douglas, 1st Baron Glenbervie), Lady Charlotte North (wife of Lt.-Col. John Lindsay, a son of the 5th Earl of Balcarres), Frederick North (later the 5th Earl), and Lady Anne North (wife of John Baker-Holroyd, 1st Earl of Sheffield).
His paternal grandfather was Francis North, 1st Earl of Guilford. His mother was the daughter and heiress of George Speke of White Lackington, by his third wife Anne Peer-Williams (a daughter of William Peer-Williams).
North was educated at Trinity College, Oxford, matriculating in 1774, graduating with a nobleman's M.A. in 1777.

## Career

He was elected to the House of Commons for Harwich in 1778, a seat he held until 1784, and then represented Wootton Bassett from 1784 to 1790, Petersfield in 1790 and Banbury from 1790 to 1792.
In the latter year, he succeeded his father in the earldom and entered the House of Lords. He was a supporter of his father's policies during the American War of Independence which came under attack from all sides. He was given the honorary post of Captain of Deal Castle in 1786, which he held until his death. He was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society in 1782.

## Personal life

Lord Guilford married firstly Lady Maria Frances Mary Hobart, daughter of George Hobart, 3rd Earl of Buckinghamshire, on 24 September 1785. Before her death on 23 April 1794, they were the parents of one child, a daughter:
* Lady Maria North (1793–1841), who married, as his first wife, John Crichton-Stuart, 2nd Marquess of Bute, in 1818.
After Lady Maria's death, North remarried on 28 February 1796 to Susan, daughter of Thomas Coutts, founder of the banking house of Coutts & Co. with his brother, James Coutts, MP for Edinburgh. Together, they were the parents of:
* Lady Susan North (1797–1884), later suo jure Baroness North.
* Lady Georgiana North (d. 1835), who died unmarried.
It was while courting his second wife that Guilford sustained a spinal injury in a fall from his horse and died from a lingering illness that resulted in April 1802, aged 44. He was buried at Wroxton in Oxfordshire. On his death his junior title of Baron North fell into abeyance between his daughters while he was succeeded in the earldom by his younger brother, Francis.
Guilford's son-in-law, the Marquess of Bute, brought a petition to the House of Lords to resolve the partition of the late Earl's estate between his widow and his daughters. This was finally enacted by William IV in October 1831. The Countess of Guilford died in 1837.
# Planning Perspectives

Planning Perspectives is a bi-monthly peer-reviewed academic journal of history, planning, and the environment. It is affiliated with the International Planning History Society and is published by Routledge. In 2022 the editors-in-chief are John R. Gold (Department of Social Sciences, Oxford Brookes University) and Margaret Gold (Guildhall School of Business and Law, London Metropolitan University). The editor for the Americas is Stephen J. Ramos (University of Georgia, USA). The IPHS editor is Carola Hein (TU Delft-Faculty of Architecture and the Built Environment)

## Abstracting and indexing

The journal is abstracted/indexed in Arts and Humanities Citation Index, Current Contents/Arts & Humanities, Social Sciences Citation Index, Journal Citation Reports/Social Sciences Edition, Current Contents/Social and Behavioral Sciences, IBZ International Bibliography of Periodical Literature (Zeller Verlag), Sage Urban Studies Abstracts, Geo Abstracts, Journal of Planning Literature, University of West England Library Services, America: History & Life, Architectural Publications Index, Avery Index to Architectural Periodicals, Current Abstracts, Historical Abstracts, EbscoHost, SCOPUS and Dietrich's Index Philosophicus. According to the Journal Citation Reports, the journal has a 2020 impact factor of 0.963.
# Murray Goodman Memorial Prize

An award recognizing outstanding accomplishments in one or more of the areas of biochemistry, biophysical chemistry, biophysics, or chemical biology. The award is given by the journal Biopolymers, and is named for the journal’s founding editor.
The award consists of a symposium given at the Spring Meeting of the American Chemical Society, a dinner in recognition of the recipient, an invitation to write a review article for Biopolymers and a cash prize.

## Recipients

| Year | Medalist | Institution |
| 2022 | Ronald T. Raines | Massachusetts Institute of Technology |
| 2021 | G. Marius Clore | National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health |
| 2019 | Eric Kool | Stanford University |
| 2018 | David Beratan | Duke University |
| 2017 | William DeGrado | University of California, San Francisco |
| 2016 | Jennifer Doudna | University of California, Berkeley |
| 2015 | Joan A. Steitz | Yale University |
| 2014 | Steven G. Boxer | Stanford University |
| 2013 | Laura L. Kiessling | University of Wisconsin–Madison |
| 2012 | Jeffery W. Kelly | Scripps Research Institute |
| 2011 | Dennis A. Dougherty | California Institute of Technology |
| 2010 | JoAnne Stubbe | Massachusetts Institute of Technology |
| 2009 | Harold Scheraga | Cornell University |
| 2008 | Michael Marletta | University of California, Berkeley |
| 2007 | Christopher T. Walsh | Harvard Medical School |
# Michelle Latiolais

Michelle Latiolais (born 1956) is an American author and academic known for the novels She, A Proper Knowledge, and Even Now, which received the Gold Medal for Fiction from the Commonwealth Club of California. She is a professor of English at the University of California, Irvine, where she co-directs the Programs in Writing.

## Background

Latiolais was born in Denver, Colorado, in 1956. She received a Master in Fine Arts in fiction and poetry from the University of California, Irvine and a Master of Arts from the University of Denver, where she was taught by novelist John Edward Williams. She later wrote the introduction to the New York Review Books Classic edition of Williams' novel Butcher's Crossing.
She lives in Los Angeles.
# Pommersche Landsmannschaft

The Pommersche Landsmannschaft ("Territorial Association of Pomeranians", "Homeland Association of Pomeranians") is an organization of German refugees expelled from their homes in Pomerania after World War II.
# Pedrosillo de Alba

Pedrosillo de Alba is a municipality located in the province of Salamanca, Castile and León, Spain. As of 2016 the municipality has a population of inhabitants.
# Pitarka

Pitarka is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Bashkim Pitarka (fl. 1986), Albanian diplomat
* Sulejman Pitarka (1924–2007), Albanian actor, writer, and playwright
# NA-128

NA-128 may refer to:
* NA-128 (Lahore-VI), a constituency for the National Assembly of Pakistan
* NA-128 (Lahore-XI), a former constituency for the National Assembly of Pakistan
# Artemis Fowl (disambiguation)

Artemis Fowl is a series of novels by Eoin Colfer.
Artemis Fowl may also refer to:
* Artemis Fowl (novel), the first book in the series
* Artemis Fowl II, main character of the series
* Artemis Fowl I, father of Artemis Fowl II
* Artemis Fowl (film), a sci-fi film adaptation of the first book
* Artemis Fowl: The Graphic Novel, a graphic novel adaptation of the first book
# Murray River National Park

Murray River National Park is a protected area in South Australia located between 180 kilometres (110 mi) and 240 km (150 mi) north east of the Adelaide city centre, lying along the Murray River. The national park is classified as an IUCN Category VI protected area. As of 2022 the national park comprises more than 14,879 ha (36,770 acres), and includes a vast network of Murray River wetlands and floodplains.
The national park was proclaimed on 20 June 1991 under the National Parks and Wildlife Act 1972, "to conserve a significant proportion of South Australia’s floodplain environments which are not represented widely in other reserve systems".
The national park originally consisted of the first three sections listed below, with the following three in existence (six in total) as of 2022. All of the sections adjoin the Murray River, extending from near Loxton in the south west to near Renmark in the north-east.
* Katarapko (9,500 ha (23,000 acres)), on the north side of the river between Loxton in the south and Berri in the north
* Lyrup Flats (2,000 ha (4,900 acres)), on the north side of the river midway between Berri and Loxton
* Bulyong, or Bulyong Island, on the west side of the river upstream from Renmark, accessible only by boat
* Paringa Paddock (1,161 ha (2,870 acres)), including Goat Island, between Renmark and Paringa
* Gurra Gurra (520.8 ha (1,287 acres)), just across the river south of Berri, directly opposite Katarapko
* Kingston-on-Murray (931 ha (2,300 acres)), next to the township of Kingston-on-Murray
Katarapko section includes the Ngak Indau Wetland trail, with a bird hide;and the Rilli Island, Media Island, and Kapunda Island Conservation Parks are also part of Katarapko.
The protected areas provide for a number recreational activities such as walking, bike riding, canoeing, bird-watching and bush camping. There are parking facilities, designated camping areas with some toilets, walking trails, and a self-guided drive trail.
In 2021, a group of people in the Riverland region started a campaign to rename Goat Island to Ruby Hunter Island to honour the legacy of singer-songwriter Ruby Hunter. As Goat Island is part of the Murray River National Park, the Department for Environment and Water has the final say.
# Henry Jacobs (priest)

Henry Jacobs (3 January 1824 – 6 January 1901) was a Church of England priest and schoolmaster, and the first Dean of Christchurch, New Zealand.

## Biography

Jacobs was born at Chale Abbey, Isle of Wight, the son of William Hearn Jacobs and Ann Tucker. The Jacobs were substantial landowners on the Isle of Wight and two of Henry's ancestors, the Reverend Matthew and the Reverend John Hearn, were rectors of Chale in the 17th century. Jacobs was descended from many of the principal families on the Isle of Wight, including the Oglanders, Worsleys, Urrys, Dingleys and Leighs. He was educated at Charterhouse School where he was captain of the school. From Charterhouse he gained a scholarship to Queen's College, Oxford. He was awarded an MA degree in 1848, ordained deacon in 1847 and priest in 1848. He became a Michel Fellow of Queen's College.
From 1847 to 1848 he was curate of Bussage, Gloucestershire, in 1848 he was briefly headmaster of St Nicolas' College, Shoreham-by-Sea, and from 1849 to 1850 curate of All Saints Church, Poplar, London. In 1850 he sailed to New Zealand on Sir George Seymour to be classical professor of a proposed new college in Canterbury. Sir George Seymour was one of the First Four Ships to carry emigrants from England to the new colony of Canterbury in New Zealand on behalf of the Canterbury Association. On arrival he conducted the first Church of England service in the Canterbury region and in July 1851, conducted the service at the opening of the first church in Christchurch. From 1852 he was headmaster of the Christ's College Grammar School, Christchurch.
He was appointed professor of divinity at the new college in 1855. Dean Jacobs opened Christ's College Grammar School on 21 April 1862, as its first headmaster, and became Sub-Warden in the Deed of Foundation of the College on 21 May 1855, and shortly afterwards Watts-Russell Professor. There is a boarding house there named 'Jacobs'. In 1863 he resigned his headmastership to become the incumbent of the parish of St Michael and All Angels, Christchurch, was subsequently collated archdeacon and, in June 1866, appointed the first Dean of Christchurch. In 1872 he accepted the responsibility of editing the New Zealand Church News. He also published a number of pamphlets and poems.
After returning from a visit to England in 1891, he suffered a paralysis, died in 1901 and was buried in Barbadoes Street Cemetery in Christchurch. He had married twice: firstly in London in 1850, Charlotte Emily Corrick and secondly, in Christchurch in 1871, Emily Rose Thompson. His two children by his first wife died young; he had several more by his second.
# Methyl hydroxychalcone

Methyl hydroxychalcone is a chalconoid found in cinnamon. It was thought to be an insulin mimetic, improving insulin response of diabetics. It has since been determined that a flavonoid (cinnamtannin B1) is responsible for the insulin-like biological activity.
# A Collection (Anne Briggs album)

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| Allmusic | |
A Collection is a compilation album by Anne Briggs, released by Topic Records in 1999.
The recordings are drawn from The Iron Muse (1963), Edinburgh Folk Festival (1963), Edinburgh Folk Festival Vol. 2 (1964), The Hazards of Love (1964), The Bird in the Bush (Traditional Erotic Songs) (1966) and Anne Briggs (1971)

## Track listing

Source: Amazon

## Personnel

* Anne Briggs – Vocals, Guitar, Bouzouki
* Johnny Moynihan – Bouzouki