OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Howard Association

Howard Association, a benevolent organization, was formed in Norfolk, Virginia during the 1856 Yellow Fever Epidemic which killed 1 in 3 residents of Norfolk and sister city Portsmouth in Hampton Roads. Contributions were used to set up a hospital and an orphanage, to feed the hungry and to bury the dead. It was named after a British philanthropist and prison reformer, John Howard.
It has long been known that the 1855 Yellow Fever epidemic had begun when infected persons arrived aboard a ship. Hampton Roads' plight drew assistance in the form of funds, supplies, and medical personnel from many other cities and communities, especially those located along the Atlantic and Gulf Coast areas of the United States.
Money remaining in the Howard Association's coffers has continued to be used for medical relief in the 150 years since, primarily in southeastern Virginia. The Howard Association resources were merged with those of the Norfolk Foundation, another longstanding benevolent group, in 1986.

## 2005 news

Among significant sources of contributions and volunteers for Norfolk in 1855 were the gulf coast areas of Alabama, Mississippi, and Louisiana. An 1856 Howard Association report read, in part:
   Nor can we find words to express our thanks to the city of New Orleans, for the noble and generous manner in which she responded to our call for help. No sooner had our appeal gone forth, than skillful physicians and experienced nurses rushed to our aid. Being the first to volunteer assistance, they were among the last to leave.
On September 14, 2005, even as Hurricane Ophelia was approaching and threatened Hampton Roads, the Norfolk Foundation sent a check for $50,000 to the Greater Baton Rouge Area Foundation in Louisiana to help with disaster relief efforts in the Hurricane Katrina recovery. A Virginian-Pilot newspaper story noted that this was, in a symbolic (and practical sense), a partial repayment of a 150-year-old act of kindness from the Gulf States.

## Sources

* Interactive Internet article on the 1855 Yellow Fever Epidemic from Pilot Online, Hampton Roads
* News story from Virginian-Pilot newspaper
# Janina Fetlińska

Janina Fetlińska (14 June 1952 in Tuligłowy – 10 April 2010) was a member of the Polish Senate representing the Law and Justice party, a nurse.
She was listed on the flight manifest of the Tupolev Tu-154 of the 36th Special Aviation Regiment carrying the President of Poland Lech Kaczyński which crashed near Smolensk-North airport near Pechersk near Smolensk, Russia, on 10 April 2010, killing all aboard.
On 16 April 2010 she was posthumously awarded the Commander's Cross of the Order of Polonia Restituta. On April 17, 2010 she received the Honorary Cross of the Scouting Association of the Republic.
# Capitulary of Servais

The Capitulary of Servais was the implementation of an agreement between Charles the Bald and his half-brother Lothar to maintain the peace. In a conference of Charles and Lothar at Valenciennes in 853, the missi [literally, the sent ones] were re-established after a long hiatus. Lothar recommended that peace and justice be secured by sending out missi to enforce the laws and help keep the peace. The Diet of Servais confirmed the decisions arrived at during the conference. The Capitulary of Servais was enacted by Charles in November 853 dividing the Franco-Burgundian portion of Charles’ realm into twelve districts (missatica) to enforce the measures of this agreement. According to Nelson, the twelve missicati and associated missi were:
* Missaticum 1: Rheims, Voncq, Perthes, Bar-le-Duc, Chanzy, Vertus, Binson, Tardenois
* Missi: Bishop Hincmar [of Rheims], Ricuin, Engilscale
* Missaticum 2: Laon, Porcien, Soissons, Orxois, Valnis
* Missi: Bishop Pardulus [of Laon], Altmar, Theodacrus
* Missaticum 3: Noyon, Vermandois, Arras, Courtrai, Flanders, the counties of Engelram and the counties of Waltcaud
* Missi: Bishop Immo [of Noyon], Abbot Adalard [of St-Bertin], Waltcaud, Oldaric
* Missaticum 4: The counties of Berengar, Engiscalc, Gerard and the counties of Reginar
* Missi: Bishop Folcuin [of Thérouanne], Adalgar, Engiscalc and Berengar
* Missaticum 5: Paris, Meaux, Senlis, Vexin, Beauvais, Vendcuil
* Missi: Abbot Louis [of St-Denis], Bishop Erminfridus [of Beauvais], Ingilwin, Gotselm
* Missaticum 6: Rouen, Talau, Vimeu, Poitnieu, Amiens
* Missi: Bishop Paul [of Rouen], Bishop Hilmerad [of Amiens], Herloin, Hungar
* Missaticum 7: Avranches, Countances, Bayeux, Cotentin, Otlinga Saxonia and Harduin’s [part of that area], Eu, Lisieux
* Missi: Bishop Airard [of Lisieux], Abbot Theuderic [of Jumiéges], Herloin, Harduin
* Missaticum 8: Le Mans, Angers, Tours, Corbonnais, Sées
* Missi: Bishop Dodo [of Angers], Robert and Osbert
* Missaticum 9: Blois, Orléans, Vendôme, Chartres, Dreux, Chateaudun, Evreux, Arpajon, Poissy, Mardie
* Missi: Bishop Bouchard [of Chartres], Rudulf, Abbot Henry
* Missaticum 10: Troyes, Gatinais, Melun, Provins, Arcis-sur-Aube, Brienne
* Missi: Bishop Wenilo [of Sens], Odo [brother of Robert the Strong] and Donatus
* Missaticum 11: Counties of Milo and counties of Isembard, namely Autun, Macon, Chalon, [land of] Chattuarii, Tonnerre, Beaune, Deusme, the county of Attela, and the county of Romold
* Missi: Bishop Theutbald [of Langres], Bishop Jonas [of Autun], Abbot Abbo, and Daddo
* Missicatum 12: Nevers, Auxerre, Avallon
* Missi: Hugh, Gozso (or Cozso), Nibelung.
See also Capitularies of Charles the Bald.

## Sources

* Nelson, Janet Laughland, Charles the Bald, Longman Press, 1992
* Thompson, James Westfall, The Decline of the Missi Dominici in Frankish Gaul, University of Chicage Press, 1903
# Pulaski River Turtles

The Pulaski River Turtles are a summer collegiate baseball team of the Appalachian League. They are located in Pulaski, Virginia, and play their home games at Calfee Park.

## History
### Previous Pulaski teams

Professional baseball was first played in Pulaski, Virginia, in 1942 as the Pulaski Counts. They were affiliated with eight different Major League Baseball teams and also played as an independent club for a few seasons. Their final affiliation as a rookie league professional club was with the New York Yankees. The team played its home games at Calfee Park.
The Pulaski Yankees were awarded Minor League Baseball's top honor, the John H. Johnson President's Award, in 2019. The award recognizes the "complete baseball franchise—based on franchise stability, contributions to league stability, contributions to baseball in the community, and promotion of the baseball industry."

### Collegiate summer team

In conjunction with a contraction of Minor League Baseball beginning with the 2021 season, the Appalachian League was reorganized as a collegiate summer baseball league, and the Pulaski Yankees were replaced by a new franchise in the revamped league designed for rising college freshmen and sophomores. The new team became known as the Pulaski River Turtles. The nickname refers to the team's location in the New River Valley. The 2021 season will mark Pulaski's 55th season fielding teams in the Appalachian League.
# Negangards Corner, Indiana

Negangards Corner is an unincorporated community in Franklin Township, Ripley County, in the U.S. state of Indiana.

## History

Negangards Corner had its start when a general store opened at the town site. An old variant name of the community was called North Hogan.
A post office opened under the name North Hogan in 1844, and remained in operation until it was discontinued in 1877.
# 895th Helicopter Reconnaissance and Liaison Squadron

The 895th Helicopter Reconnaissance and Liaison Squadron (Serbo-Croatian: 895. helikopterska eskadrila za izviđanje i vezu / 895. хеликоптерска ескадрила за извиђање и везу) was an aviation squadron of Yugoslav Air Force formed in 1981 at Divulje air base 895th Helicopter Flight (Serbo-Croatian: 895. helikoptersko odeljenje / 895. хеликоптерско одељење).
The helicopter flight was formed by order from August 18, 1981, for with Naval Military District (Serbo-Croatian: Vojno-pomorska oblast - VPO / Војно-поморска област - ВПО) of Yugoslav Navy for reconnaissance and liaison duties equipped with domestic made Soko SA,341 Gazelle helicopters. By order from March 1, 1985, it is designated as 895th Helicopter Reconnaissance and Liaison Squadron.
The squadron took part in early combat operations in the Croatian war. It has moved from Divulje to Mostar airport and later finally to Golubovci Air Base in 1991 due to the order of the High Command of the Yugoslav Air Force, due to the units that found itself located in hostile territory surrounded by Croatian forces had to evacuate its units to safer territory. With war time reorganisation of Yugoslav People's Army, shortly after its dislocation, squadron has been disbanded in 1991. Its equipment and personnel were passed to other units of Yugoslav Air Force.

## Assignments

* Naval Military District (1981–1991)

## Previous designations

* 895th Helicopter Flight (1981-1985)
* 895th Helicopter Reconnaissance and Liaison Squadron (1985-1991)

## Bases stationed

* Divulje (1981–1991)
* Mostar (1991)
* Golubovci (1991)

## Equipment

* Soko SA.341 Gazelle Hera (1981–1991)
# Ralph Escudero

Rafael "Ralph" Escudero (July 16, 1898 in Manatí, Puerto Rico – April 10, 1970 in San Juan, Puerto Rico) was a bassist and tubist active on the early American jazz scene.
Escudero began playing bass in a school band at the age of 12, and moved to New York City, playing with the New Amsterdam Musical Association in 1920–21. In 1923 he was playing with Wilbur Sweatman at the Howard Theater in Washington, D.C. when Fletcher Henderson overheard his playing and offered him a job. He remained in Henderson's employ until 1926, when he joined McKinney's Cotton Pickers, where he played and recorded until 1931. In the 1930s he played with Kaiser Marshall, the Savoy Bearcats, and W.C. Handy, then returned to Puerto Rico, playing there into the 1960s.
# Nepenthes ventricosa

Nepenthes ventricosa (/nɪˈpɛnθiːz vɛntrɪˈkoʊzə/; from Neo-Latin ventricosus "having a swelling on one side") is a tropical pitcher plant endemic to the Philippines, where it is a highland species, growing at an elevation of 1,000–2,000 metres (3,300–6,600 ft) above sea level. It has been recorded from the islands of Luzon, Panay, and Sibuyan. The pitchers are numerous, growing up to 20 centimetres (8 in) tall and ranging in colour from ivory white to red.
Nepenthes ventricosa is very closely related to both N. burkei and N. sibuyanensis, but can be distinguished by a more waisted middle to the pitchers, a smaller mouth, and, generally, a thinner peristome.

## Infraspecific taxa

* Nepenthes ventricosa f. luteoviridis Hort. ex Y.Fukatsu (1999) nom.nud.

## Natural hybrids

* N. alata × N. ventricosa [=N. × ventrata]
# Moe Fu Kiat

Moe Fu Kiat (born 1926) is a Malaysian former sports shooter. He competed in the trap event at the 1956 Summer Olympics.
# Pıtıreli, Bayramiç

Pıtıreli is a village in the Bayramiç District of Çanakkale Province in Turkey. Its population is 292 (2021).
# Capitulatinoe

Capitulatinoe is a genus of marine annelids in the family Polynoidae (scale worms). The genus includes a single species, Capitulatinoe cupisetis which occurs intertidally in northwestern Australia.

## Description

Capitulatinoe cupisetis is a long-bodied species, with up to 180 segments and 75 to at least 100 pairs of elytra. The antennae are located beneath the prostomium and the lateral antennae are inserted slightly dorsal to the median antenna. The neuropodium is rounded. Notochaetae are absent and there are only a few neurochaetae. The neurochaetae each have a distinctive half-moon shaped pocket on one side formed by a curved row of fine teeth and bidentate tips.

## Biology and Ecology

Capitulatinoe cupisetis has a commensal relationship with the sea star, Astropecten granulatus.
# Pulaski Road

Pulaski Road may refer to:
* Pulaski Road (Chicago)
* County Route 11 (Suffolk County, New York)
# Negala

Negala is a village in Kohistanat District in Sar-e Pol Province, in northern Afghanistan. It was formerly in Jowzjan Province. It lies just north of Aruj.
# Pwyll ap Siôn

Professor Pwyll ap Siôn (born 1968) is a Welsh musicologist, composer and professor in music at Bangor University. He was the recipient of the 1991 Eisteddfod Musicians' Medal. He studied alongside David Gottlieb, John Pickard and Martin Butler, receiving his doctorate in composition in 1998. In 2023 he was one of the judges for the Llŷn and Eifionydd National Eisteddfod Musician's Trophy.
# Pentagonal gyrocupolarotunda

In geometry, the pentagonal gyrocupolarotunda is one of the Johnson solids (J$_{33}$). Like the pentagonal orthocupolarotunda (J$_{32}$), it can be constructed by joining a pentagonal cupola (J$_5$) and a pentagonal rotunda (J$_6$) along their decagonal bases. The difference is that in this solid, the two halves are rotated 36 degrees with respect to one another.
A Johnson solid is one of 92 strictly convex polyhedra that is composed of regular polygon faces but are not uniform polyhedra (that is, they are not Platonic solids, Archimedean solids, prisms, or antiprisms). They were named by Norman Johnson, who first listed these polyhedra in 1966.

## Formulae

The following formulae for volume and surface area can be used if all faces are regular, with edge length a:
    $V={\frac {5}{12}}\left(11+5{\sqrt {5}}\right)a^{3}\approx 9.24181...a^{3}$
    $A=\left(5+{\frac {15}{4}}{\sqrt {3}}+{\frac {7}{4}}{\sqrt {25+10{\sqrt {5}}}}\right)a^{2}\approx 23.5385...a^{2}$
# Högby Lighthouse

Högby Lighthouse is a Swedish lightstation. The lighthouse is built of iron and painted white. The design by architect Johan Höjer is unique to Sweden. The tower was exhibited at the Stockholm Exposition in 1897 before being located in Högby on a narrow peninsula. The flame ran on kerosene at first, and was updated with a gas mantle light in 1908. It was electrified in 1945 with a 1000 watt bulb and fully automated in 1967. Today the light runs with a faint 60 watt bulb, and the old rotating Fresnel lens has been replaced. The lighthouse is owned by The Swedish Maritime Administration.
Both the keeper's house and lighthouse is protected as a culturally important building since 1978. Today the keeper's house is a private residence to an artist and contains an art studio and showroom.

## Gallery

* The keeper's house.
* Close up.
# Nepenthes ulukaliana

Nepenthes ulukaliana is a tropical pitcher plant endemic to the southern Titiwangsa Range in Peninsular Malaysia. Nepenthes ulukaliana was compared to Nepenthes macfarlanei however, it exhibits several distinctions which include pitchers adorned with a dense covering of filamentous lid hairs measuring less than 1 mm long (in contrast to pitchers with numerous lid hairs that are thickened and range from 5 to 12 mm long in N. macfarlanei). Also, the lower pitchers of N. ulukaliana have an amphora-shaped to urceolate form (as opposed to being ovoid in shape in N. macfarlanei in the basal portion of the pitcher with a faint hip and then turning cylindrical above the hip). Furthermore, the peristome of N. ulukaliana is planar at the front, with a well-defined column that emerges abruptly and perpendicularly at the rear (while the peristome of N. macfarlanei is curved in lateral aspect, with the column arising gradually).

## Etymology

The name for this species was derived from the name of the mountain, Gunung Ulu Kali, the type locality of the taxon.

## Phenology

The species was observed to flower throughout the year, with female plants in the peak of anthesis around January.

## Distribution and ecology

Individuals of N. ulukaliana were recorded at 8 peaks of the southern Titiwangsa Range with an elevation range of above 1,200 meters above sea level and reaching an upper limit of 1,772 meters above sea level on the peak of Gunung Ulu Kali, the species highest known elevation.
This particular species can be found growing terrestrially and epiphytically within mossy forests. It is also commonly encountered in areas with known disturbances such as roadsides.
# Pauče

Pauče (Serbian Cyrillic: Пауче) is a small village in the municipality of Pljevlja, Montenegro.

## Demographics

According to the 2003 census, the village had a population of 56 people.
According to the 2011 census, its population was 32.
Ethnicity in 2011 :
| Ethnicity | Number | Percentage |
| Serbs | 23 | 71.9% |
| other/undeclared | 9 | 28.1% |
| Total | 32 | 100% |
# Niesslia peltigerae

Niesslia peltigerae is a species of lichenicolous fungus in the family Niessliaceae. It was described as a new species in 2020 by lichenologist Sergio Pérez-Ortega. The type specimen was collected in the Hoonah-Angoon Census Area of Glacier Bay National Park, in muskeg and forest. The fungus was growing parasitically on the lichen Peltigera kristinssonii, which itself was growing on mountain hemlock (Tsuga mertensiana). The specific epithet peltigerae alludes to the genus of its host. Infection by the fungus bleaches the thallus of the host lichen.
# Joachim Nitsche

Joachim A. Nitsche (September 2, 1926, Nossen – January 12, 1996) was a German mathematician and professor of mathematics in Freiburg, known for his important contributions to the mathematical and numerical analysis of partial differential equations. The duality argument for estimating the error of the finite element method and a scheme for the weak enforcement of Dirichlet boundary conditions for Poisson's equation bear his name.

## Biography
### Education

Nitsche graduated from school at Bischofswerda in 1946. Starting in summer 1947, he studied mathematics the University of Göttingen, where he received his Diplom (under supervision of Franz Rellich) after only six semesters. In 1951, he received his degree (Dr. rer. nat.) at Technische Universität Berlin. After only two years, he received his Habilitation at the Free University of Berlin.

### Marriage and children

In 1952, Nitsche married Gisela Lange, with whom he had three children.

### Professional career

From 1955 to 1957, Nitsche held a teaching position at the Free University of Berlin, which he left for a position at IBM in Böblingen. He became professor at the Albert Ludwigs University of Freiburg in 1958 and received the chair for applied mathematics there in 1962. He remained in this position until he became emeritus in 1991.

## Works
### Publications

Praktische Mathematik, BI Hochschulskripten 812*, Bibliographisches Institut, Mannheim, Zurich, 1968.
# Purple Belt

Purple Belt may refer to the following:
* Purple belt, a rank in martial arts (see Kyū)
** Purple belt (Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu), a level in the Brazilian jiu-jitsu ranking system
* A road in the Allegheny County belt system.
# Problepsis lucifimbria

Problepsis lucifimbria is a moth of the family Geometridae. It is found on Sumatra.
# NGC 1326

NGC 1326 is a lenticular galaxy in the constellation Fornax, 63 million light-years away. It was discovered by English astronomer John Herschel on 29 November 1837. It is a member of the Fornax Cluster, an NGC 1316 subgroup and has a diameter of 70 000 light-years.
NGC 1326 is an early-type lenticular galaxy with a Hubble classification of S0, but it is very different from other early-type lenticulars in the Fornax Cluster. NGC 1326 has a nuclear ring.
# Pentagonal orthobirotunda

In geometry, the pentagonal orthobirotunda is a polyhedron constructed by attaching two pentagonal rotundae along their decagonal faces, matching like faces. It is an example of Johnson solid.

## Construction

The pentagonal orthobirotunda is constructed by attaching two pentagonal rotundas to their base, covering decagon faces. The resulting polyhedron has 32 faces, 30 vertices, and 60 edges. This construction is similar to icosidodecahedron (or pentagonal gyrobirotunda), an Archimedean solid: the difference is one of its rotundas twisted around 36°, making the pentagonal faces connect to the triangular one, a process known as gyration. A convex polyhedron in which all of the faces are regular polygons is the Johnson solid. The pentagonal orthobirotunda is one of them, enumerated as the 34th Johnson solid $J_{34}$.

## Properties

The surface area of an icosidodecahedron $A$ can be determined by calculating the area of all pentagonal faces. The volume of an icosidodecahedron $V$ can be determined by slicing it off into two pentagonal rotunda, after which summing up their volumes. Therefore, its surface area and volume can be formulated as: ${\begin{aligned}A&=\left(5{\sqrt {3}}+3{\sqrt {25+10{\sqrt {5}}}}\right)a^{2}&\approx 29.306a^{2}\\V&={\frac {45+17{\sqrt {5}}}{6}}a^{3}&\approx 13.836a^{3}.\end{aligned}}$
# Hyposmocoma continuella

Hyposmocoma continuella is a species of moth of the family Cosmopterigidae. It was first described by Lord Walsingham in 1907. It is endemic to the Hawaiian island of Maui. The type locality is Haleakalā, where it was collected at an elevation of 5,000 feet (1,500 m).
# Pseudomonas psychrophila

Pseudomonas psychrophila is a psychrophilic, Gram-negative, aerobic, straight rod bacterium with polar flagella. The type strain is JCM 10889.
# Paul Girard

Paul Frédéric Girard (23 March 1852, Paris – 1 July 1922, Paris) was a French Hellenist, archaeologist and epigrapher.

## Biography

A student of the École Normale Supérieure, he obtained his agrégation de lettres in 1875. A member of the French School at Athens from 1875 to 1879, he directed the excavations of the Heraion of Samos and purchased the Hera for the Louvre museum (1879).
A lecturer at the Faculty of Letters of Toulouse (1881), he provided a Greek language and literature lecture at the École Normale Supérieure from 1893 to 1903. He held the chair of Greek language and literature at the Sorbonne from 1904 to 1922.
First General Secretary of the Revue des études grecques [fr], he was a founding member of the Association Guillaume Budé in 1917.
He was elected a member of the Académie des Inscriptions et Belles-Lettres in 1908.

## Works

* 1881: L'Asclépeion d'Athènes d'après les récentes découvertes
* 1889: L'éducation athénienne au Ve et au IVe siècle avant J.-C, Hachette
* 1892: La Peinture antique on Gallica
* 1895: La coutume à Rome, Textes de droit romain,
* 1914: Alphonse Ducatel, professeur au lycée Condorcet (10 février 1851-11 décembre 1913), Belin
* 1917: Séance publique annuelle de l'Académie des inscriptions et belles-lettres, Firmin-Didot
# Nieste

Nieste may refer to:
* Nieste (municipality), in the district of Kassel, in Hesse, Germany
* Nieste (river), of Hesse, Germany, tributary of the Fulda
# Pycnosteus

Pycnosteus is an extinct genus of jawless fish from the Devonian. It is thought to have cruised through vegetation, eating small invertebrates which it knocked loose .

## Sources

* ↑ "Pteraspidomorphi: Psammosteida (2): Guerichosteids, Pycnosteids, Psammosteids & Psammolepis". Palaeos Vertebrates.
* Fishes of the World by Joseph S. Nelson
* Vertebrate Fossils and the Evolution of Scientific Concepts by W. Sargeant
* This article about Pteraspidomorphi is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
* This article related to a Devonian jawless fish is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
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* t
* e