OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Pallas's grasshopper warbler

Pallas's grasshopper warbler (Helopsaltes certhiola), also known as the rusty-rumped warbler, is an Old World warbler in the grass warbler genus Helopsaltes. It breeds in the eastern Palearctic: from the Altai Mountains, Mongolia and Transbaikalia to northeastern China, the Korean Peninsula, and islands in the Sea of Okhotsk (Sakhalin and Kuril Islands). It is migratory, wintering from India eastward to Indonesia. It is a rare migrant in Sri Lanka.

## Etymology

This bird was named after the German zoologist Peter Simon Pallas. The specific certhiola is a diminutive from the genus Certhia, the treecreepers.
The sixth edition of Clements Checklist refers to this species as "Pallas's warbler", a name more commonly used for Phylloscopus proregulus.

## Habitat

This small passerine bird is found in tall grass with some thicker vegetation, usually close to water in bogs or wet meadows. From 4 to 7 eggs are laid in a nest on the ground in grass. This species is a very rare vagrant to western Europe. One of the best places to see this skulking species as a vagrant is Fair Isle, Shetland; for a species that only rarely appears in western Europe, it can be found there with some regularity.

## Description

This is a medium-sized warbler. The adult has a streaked brown back, whitish grey underparts, unstreaked except on the undertail. The sexes are identical, as with most warblers, but young birds are yellower below. Like most warblers, it is insectivorous. It is very similar to the common grasshopper warbler, but is slightly larger, has white tips to the tail and tertial feathers, and a warmer brown rump. The white tips are the reason for its colloquial, mnemonic name of "PG Tips".
This is a skulking species which is very difficult to see except sometimes when singing. It creeps through grass and low foliage.

## Voice

The song is not the mechanical insect-like reeling produced by the common grasshopper warbler and some other Locustella warblers, but an inventive Acrocephalus-like melody.

## Subspecies

Five subspecies recognized:
* H. c. rubescens Blyth, 1845
* H. c. sparsimstriatus Meise, 1934
* H. c. certhiola (Pallas, 1811)
* H. c. centralasiae Sushkin, 1925
* H. c. minor David & Oustalet, 1877
# Piz Picuogl

Piz Picuogl is a mountain of the Albula Alps, located between Mulegns and the Val Bever, in Graubünden. On its northern side lies the glacier Vadret da Calderas. On the same ridge is located the lower summit Tschima da Flix.
# Portrait of Madame Marie-Louise Trudaine

The Portrait of Madame Marie-Louise Trudaine is an unfinished 1791–1792 portrait of Marie-Louise Trudaine by the French painter Jacques-Louis David. It was commissioned from David by her brothers-in-law, the Trudaine brothers, members of a family that had provided France with major civil servants such as Daniel-Charles Trudaine since the 17th century. The brothers welcomed David, the poet André Chénier, and other major artists of the time to their Parisian salon at place des Vosges. David became radicalized at the time of the French Revolution in 1792, was elected a deputy to the National Convention, and became an extremist—unlike the Trudaine family, who opted for obscurity.
The portrait of Madame Trudaine is an oil on canvas that shows her seated on a simple chaise, with her hands crossed on her lap and wearing a sober dress, a blue waist-sash and a white collar. Her expression is worried and reinforced by the tormented background and her unkempt hair. David left the portrait unfinished. It was acquired by the Louvre in 1890.
# AAIC

AAIC may refer to:
* Alzheimer's Association International Conference, see Alzheimer's Association#Alzheimer's Association International Conference
* Aircraft Accident Investigation Commission, government agency, Japan
* Aircraft Accident Investigation Committee, government agency, Thailand
# Microcausta argenticilia

Microcausta argenticilia is a moth in the family Crambidae. It was described by George Hampson in 1919. It is found in Jamaica.
# Naturschutzbund Deutschland

52°31′23″N 13°22′43″E﻿ / ﻿52.523136°N 13.378625°E﻿ / 52.523136; 13.378625
The Naturschutzbund Deutschland e.V. ("Nature and Biodiversity Conservation Union") or NABU is a German non-governmental organisation (NGO) dedicated to conservation at home and abroad, including the protection of rivers, forests and individual species of animals.

## General facts

NABU is one of the largest, most well-known, nature conservation groups in Germany and has worked for over 100 years for people and nature. NABU carries out specific conservation projects, maintains a research institute, runs environmental training and informs the media and public about important topics connected with the environment and nature conservation. The society is formally recognised by the German state as an environmental and conservation society, a body responsible for public issues (Träger öffentlicher Belange), and must therefore be consulted over issues affecting the ecology.
NABU has, together with its sister organisation in Bavaria, about 830,000 members (as of June 2022) as active conservationists or supporters. They are organised into about 2,000 local groups across Germany.
NABU is the national partner organisation of BirdLife International. The organisation is one of the most significant members of the German umbrella organization of the German conservation movement Deutscher Naturschutzring [de] (DNR).

## History

The NABU was founded by Lina Hähnle on 1 February 1899 in Stuttgart as the Bund für Vogelschutz (BfV). In 1990 the BfV merged with former DDR Naturschutz society to Naturschutzbund Deutschland (NABU). Since then, the focus got broader and NABU built up divisions for international conservation projects, marine conservation and energy sufficiency.

## Guides

NABU Ostalb-Guides NABU Schwarzwald-Guides NABU Neckar-Guides NABU Mittlere Alb-Guides
# Polyteles

Polyteles is a South American genus of broad-nosed weevils in the subfamily Entiminae, tribe Entimini. There are seven described species distributed in Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Ecuador, Paraguay, Peru, and Uruguay.
A key to identify the genus among the Entimini was published by Vanin and Gaiger in 2005.

## Species

Polyteles has four species, all of which are listed below:
* Polyteles atrox (Germar, 1824: 438): Brazil.
* Polyteles decussatus Pascoe, 1870: 441: Peru.
* Polyteles guerini Fåhraeus, 1840: 743: Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Paraguay, Uruguay.
* Polyteles inka (Heller, 1932: 2): Ecuador, Peru.
* Polyteles setosus Kirsch, 1874: 393: Peru
* Polyteles stevenii (Schönherr, 1826: 82): Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Paraguay.
* Polyteles uniformis (Heller, 1932: 2): Bolivia.
# Sulejman Rebac

Sulejman "Sula" Rebac (29 March 1929 – 17 November 2006) was a Bosnian football player and manager.

## Club career

Rebac started playing football at FK Velež Mostar in 1947. In 1954, he moved to HNK Hajduk Split where he stayed for several seasons. He also played one season for FK Sarajevo. In total, he played more than 1000 games, scoring 620 goals. He is considered to be one of the most celebrated football players in history of Velež and Bosnia and Herzegovina.

## International career

In 1956, Rebac made one appearance for the Croatia national team against Indonesia, in which he scored two goals.

## Managerial career

After retirement, he began his coaching career. He started in 1963 as a coach of Velež Mostar. Although they had never won a title, Velež Mostar was among the top Yugoslav clubs at the time. Players like Dušan Bajević, Enver Marić, Franjo Vladić (the 'BMV' trio), Džemal Hadžiabdić, Vahid Halilhodžić, Aleksandar Ristić, Boro Primorac, Vladimir Pecelj, Momčilo Vukoje, Ahmed Glavović, Dubravko Ledić, Jadranko Topić, Marijan Kvesić, Marko Čolić and Slobodan Mrgan all made their names under the guidance of Sulejman Rebac. In the 1977–78 season, he was a coach of FK Željezničar Sarajevo.
In December 1973, he was appointed to a coaching commission, alongside Miljan Miljanić, Milan Ribar, Tomislav Ivić and Milovan Ćirić, created to lead the Yugoslavia national team. As a part of it, he was present at the 1974 FIFA World Cup.

## Death

Rebac died on 17 November 2006 in Mostar.

## Honours
### Player

Velež Mostar
* Yugoslav Second League: 1952
Hajduk Split
* Yugoslav First League: 1954–55

### Manager

Željezničar
* Yugoslav Second League: 1977–78 (West)
# Narrow Water Forest

Narrow Water Forest is a mixed broadleaf and coniferous forest located between Newry and Warrenpoint, County Down, Northern Ireland. It is 342.04 acres (138.42 ha) in size, of which 138.41 acres (56.01 ha) is controlled by the Forest Service Northern Ireland.
# Hierpiniana

Hierpiniana was a Roman era civitas (town) in the Roman province of Byzacena, Roman North Africa. The city was also the seat of an ancient bishopric, which survives today as a titular see of the Roman Catholic Church.
The current titular bishop is Florian Wörner [de] of Germany.
Titular bishops of Hierpiniana :
| No. | Surname | Office | from | to |
| 1 | Adolph Alexander Noser SVD | Apostolic Vicar of Alexishafen ( Papua New Guinea ) | January 8, 1953 | November 15, 1966 |
| 2 | Antonio Poma Titular Archbishop Per Hac vice | Coadjutor Archbishop of Bologna (Italy) | July 16, 1967 | February 12, 1968 |
| 3 | Santos Moro Briz | Emeritus Bishop of Ávila ( Spain ) | October 19, 1968 | December 11, 1970 |
| 4 | Constantino Amstalden | Coadjutor Bishop of São Carlos ( Brazil ) | March 11, 1971 | September 19, 1986 |
| 5 | Jean-Georges Deledicque | Auxiliary Bishop in Lille ( France ) | June 19, 1987 | August 25, 1997 |
| 6 | José Francisco Sanches Alves | Auxiliary Bishop in Lisbon ( Portugal ) | March 7, 1998 | April 22, 2004 |
| 7 | Severino Batista de França OFMCap | Auxiliary Bishop in Santarém (Brazil) | 4 August 2004 | March 7, 2007 |
| 8th | Paul Lortie | Auxiliary Bishop of Quebec ( Canada ) | April 7, 2009 | February 1, 2012 |
| 9 | Florian Woerner | Auxiliary Bishop in Augsburg ( Germany ) | June 5, 2012 | |
# Piz Pian Grand

Piz Pian Grand is a mountain of the Lepontine Alps, situated between the Val Calanca and the Mesolcina in the Swiss canton of Graubünden.
# Pop as a Weapon

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| Allmusic | link |
Pop as a Weapon (often mis-credited as "More Songs About Hair") is a compilation album from Orange County pop punk band Supernova, released in 2001 by Sympathy for the Record Industry.
The album contains material recorded between 1992 and 1994 that was only previously available on vinyl.

## Track listing

All lyrics written by Supernova.
* "Intro/Backyard Boat" – 4:28
* "Calling Hong Kong" – 2:27
* "Disco Fur" – 2:15
* "Costa Mesa Hates Me" – 2:39
* "Chewbacca" – 1:21
* "Choke the Fuzz" (live) – 2:05
* "Bad Haircut" – 3:24
* "Long Hair and Tattoos" – 3:07
* "Supersong" – 2:52
* "Our Way or Highway" – 0:59
* "Drool" – 1:15
* "Electric Man" – 3:37
* "Refuse Worker #2" – 1:02
* "Costa Mesa Hates Me Pt. 2" – 1:28
* Tracks 1–5, 7–11 were recorded at Pyramid Productions by Virgil Gentile, 1992–1994
* Track 6 was recorded live at Our House in Costa Mesa, 1993
* Tracks 12–13 were recorded at Saturation Studios by Geoff Harrington, 1993
* Tracks 8, 10, and 11 were originally on the Long Hair & Tattoos 7".
* Tracks 2 and 5 were originally on the Calling Hong Kong 7".
* Tracks 12, 13, and 6 were originally on the Electric Man 7".
* Tracks 4 and 14 were originally on the Costa Mesa Hates Me 7".

## Personnel

* Art Mitchell – Vocals, bass guitar
* Hayden 'Hank' Thais – Guitar, vocals
* Dave Collins – Drums, vocals
# AAI (album)

AAI is a 2021 electronic music album by Mouse on Mars.

## Reception

Professional ratings :
| Aggregate scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| Metacritic | 80/100 |
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic | |
| Pitchfork | 7.2/10 |
The album received "generally favorable reviews" according to critic review aggregator Metacritic.
# Microcausta bipunctalis

Microcausta bipunctalis is a moth in the family Crambidae. It was described by William Barnes and James Halliday McDunnough in 1914. It is found in North America, where it has been recorded from Arizona.
# Nealcidion hylaeanum

Nealcidion hylaeanum is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Monné and Martins in 1976.
# Peter Coffill

Peter Terence Coffill (born 14 February 1957) is an English footballer. He plays as a midfielder, and made over 250 appearances in the Football League. Now retired from the professional game, he continues to play veterans' football, and has represented his country at over-50 level.
Now he is a teacher at Gaynes School Language College, in Upminster, Essex.

## Career

Born in Romford, Essex, Coffill started his career in the Watford youth system. Manager Mike Keen gave 18-year-old Coffill his professional debut on 4 October 1975, in a 1–1 Fourth Division draw against Stockport County at Vicarage Road. He played regularly in his first two seasons as a professional, making 30 appearances in all competitions in 1975–76, and a further 31 in the following campaign. Keen was replaced as manager by Graham Taylor in June 1977, and the 1977–78 season was Coffill's last as a Watford player. He made his final appearance on 27 September 1977, scoring the winner in a 2–1 home win over A.F.C. Bournemouth. He joined Torquay United two months later, for a fee of £4,000.
Coffill played regularly for Torquay, making 122 league appearances over three and a half years, and scoring 11 goals. He was voted Torquay's Player of the Season in 1980–81, but at the end of the campaign transferred to Northampton Town for a transfer fee of £5,000. After 69 league appearances, he left Northampton at the end of his two-year contract, moving into non-league football with Aylesbury United and Kidderminster Harriers. He later became involved with the coaching side of the game, first as a coach with Chelmsford City in 1988, and after finishing his semi-professional playing career with Brantham Athletic and Bury Town, became assistant manager at Gravesend and Northfleet in 1991.
Coffill continues to play as an amateur. Although he never played for his country at youth or professional levels, he has played and scored for England in veteran's international matches (where there is a minimum age requirement).
# Polytely

Polytely (from Greek roots poly- and -tel- meaning "many goals") comprises complex problem-solving situations characterized by the presence of multiple simultaneous goals. These goals may be contradictory or otherwise conflict with one another, requiring prioritisation of desired outcomes.
Polytely is a feature of complex problem-solving that adds difficulty to finding an optimum solution. Funke describes polytely as a feature "not... inherent in a system, but [referring] to certain decisions of the experimenter", especially decisions relating to what goals are to be followed in solving the problem. In the complex problem of nuclear waste disposal, Flüeler cites both trust between states (as a factor in nuclear proliferation: "Some states disarm whilst others re-arm – both do it for the sake of our planet's peace"), and safe and sustainable disposal of nuclear waste as situations where considering in terms of polytely helps elaborate and then balance important but conflicting goals.
# Stufe (algebra)

In field theory, a branch of mathematics, the Stufe (/ʃtuːfə/; German: level) s(F) of a field F is the least number of squares that sum to −1. If −1 cannot be written as a sum of squares, s(F) = $\infty$. In this case, F is a formally real field. Albrecht Pfister proved that the Stufe, if finite, is always a power of 2, and that conversely every power of 2 occurs.

## Powers of 2

If $s(F)\neq \infty$ then $s(F)=2^{k}$ for some natural number $k$.
Proof: Let $k\in \mathbb {N}$ be chosen such that $2^{k}\leq s(F)<2^{k+1}$. Let $n=2^{k}$. Then there are $s=s(F)$ elements $e_{1},\ldots ,e_{s}\in F\setminus \{0\}$ such that
    $0=\underbrace {1+e_{1}^{2}+\cdots +e_{n-1}^{2}} _{=:\,a}+\underbrace {e_{n}^{2}+\cdots +e_{s}^{2}} _{=:\,b}\;.$
Both $a$ and $b$ are sums of $n$ squares, and $a\neq 0$, since otherwise $s(F)<2^{k}$, contrary to the assumption on $k$.
According to the theory of Pfister forms, the product $ab$ is itself a sum of $n$ squares, that is, $ab=c_{1}^{2}+\cdots +c_{n}^{2}$ for some $c_{i}\in F$. But since $a+b=0$, we also have $-a^{2}=ab$, and hence
    $-1={\frac {ab}{a^{2}}}=\left({\frac {c_{1}}{a}}\right)^{2}+\cdots +\left({\frac {c_{n}}{a}}\right)^{2},$
and thus $s(F)=n=2^{k}$.

## Positive characteristic

Any field $F$ with positive characteristic has $s(F)\leq 2$.
Proof: Let $p=\operatorname {char} (F)$. It suffices to prove the claim for $\mathbb {F} _{p}$.
If $p=2$ then $-1=1=1^{2}$, so $s(F)=1$.
If $p>2$ consider the set $S=\{x^{2}:x\in \mathbb {F} _{p}\}$ of squares. $S\setminus \{0\}$ is a subgroup of index $2$ in the cyclic group $\mathbb {F} _{p}^{\times }$ with $p-1$ elements. Thus $S$ contains exactly ${\tfrac {p+1}{2}}$ elements, and so does $-1-S$. Since $\mathbb {F} _{p}$ only has $p$ elements in total, $S$ and $-1-S$ cannot be disjoint, that is, there are $x,y\in \mathbb {F} _{p}$ with $S\ni x^{2}=-1-y^{2}\in -1-S$ and thus $-1=x^{2}+y^{2}$.

## Properties

The Stufe s(F) is related to the Pythagoras number p(F) by p(F) ≤ s(F) + 1. If F is not formally real then s(F) ≤ p(F) ≤ s(F) + 1. The additive order of the form (1), and hence the exponent of the Witt group of F is equal to 2s(F).

## Examples

* The Stufe of a quadratically closed field is 1.
* The Stufe of an algebraic number field is ∞, 1, 2 or 4 (Siegel's theorem). Examples are Q, Q(√−1), Q(√−2) and Q(√−7).
* The Stufe of a finite field GF(q) is 1 if q ≡ 1 mod 4 and 2 if q ≡ 3 mod 4.
* The Stufe of a local field of odd residue characteristic is equal to that of its residue field. The Stufe of the 2-adic field Q$_2$ is 4.
# International cricket in 1947–48

The 1947–48 international cricket season was from September 1947 to April 1948.

## Season overview

International tours :
| Start date | Home team | Away team | Results [Matches] | Results [Matches] | Results [Matches] | Results [Matches] |
| Start date | Home team | Away team | Test | ODI | FC | LA |
| 28 November 1947 | Australia | India | 4–0 [5] | — | — | — |
| 21 January 1948 | West Indies | England | 2–0 [4] | — | — | — |
| 13 March 1948 | New Zealand | Fiji | — | — | 1–0 [1] | — |
| 27 March 1948 | Ceylon | Australia | — | — | — | 0–0 [1] |
| 16 April 1949 | Ceylon | India | — | — | 0–0 [1] | — |

## November
### India in Australia

Test series :
| No. | Date | Home captain | Away captain | Venue | Result |
| Test 290 | 28 Nov–4 December | Donald Bradman | Lala Amarnath | The Gabba, Brisbane | Australia by an innings and 226 runs |
| Test 291 | 12–18 December | Donald Bradman | Lala Amarnath | Sydney Cricket Ground, Sydney | Match drawn |
| Test 292 | 1–5 January | Donald Bradman | Lala Amarnath | Melbourne Cricket Ground, Melbourne | Australia by 233 runs |
| Test 294 | 23–28 January | Donald Bradman | Lala Amarnath | Adelaide Oval, Adelaide | Australia by an innings and 16 runs |
| Test 295 | 6–10 February | Donald Bradman | Lala Amarnath | Melbourne Cricket Ground, Melbourne | Australia by an innings and 177 runs |

## January
### England in the West Indies

Test Series :
| No. | Date | Home captain | Away captain | Venue | Result |
| Test 293 | 21–26 January | George Headley | Ken Cranston | Kensington Oval, Bridgetown | Match drawn |
| Test 296 | 11–16 February | Gerry Gomez | Gubby Allen | Queen's Park Oval, Port of Spain | Match drawn |
| Test 297 | 3–6 March | John Goddard | Gubby Allen | Bourda, Georgetown | West Indies by 7 wickets |
| Test 298 | 27 Mar–1 April | John Goddard | Gubby Allen | Sabina Park, Kingston | West Indies by 10 wickets |

## March
### Fiji in New Zealand

First-class Match :
| No. | Date | Home captain | Away captain | Venue | Result |
| FC Match | 13–16 March | Lankford Smith | Philip Snow | Carisbrook, Dunedin | Otago by 46 runs |

### Australia in Ceylon

One-day Match :
| No. | Date | Home captain | Away captain | Venue | Result |
| Match | 27 March | Mahadevan Sathasivam | Donald Bradman | Colombo Cricket Club Ground, Colombo | Match drawn |

## April
### India in Ceylon

Three-day Match :
| No. | Date | Home captain | Away captain | Venue | Result |
| Match | 16–18 March | Mahadevan Sathasivam | C. K. Nayudu | P Saravanamuttu Stadium, Colombo | Match drawn |
# International Secretariat of Foundry Workers

The International Secretariat of Foundry Workers was a global union federation bringing together unions representing workers in metal foundries.
Various unions of foundry workers met at the London International Trade Union Congress of 1888, and the British Friendly Society of Iron Founders (FSIF) proposed that a "Federation of all Iron Moulders' Unions in the World" be established. The proposal was revived in 1891, when the FSIF established links with the Iron Moulders' Society of Victoria, Iron Molders' Union of North America, Machinery Moulders' Union of America, shortly followed by the Hungarian Trade Union of Ironfounders. The group also corresponded with the Iron and Metal Founders and Their Labourers of Lower Austria, a Swiss union and three other Australian unions, but by the end of 1892, it had ceased to operate.
In 1898, the International Secretariat of Foundry Workers was established. It operated until 1904, when it merged into the International Metalworkers' Federation (IMF).
In 1949, a mixture of opposition to the federation's withdrawal from the World Federation of Trade Unions, and the IMF's refusal to create a sectoral organisation for foundry workers, led six unions to form the International Federation of Foundry Workers (IFF). This consisted of the National Union of Foundry Workers, International Molders and Foundry Workers Union of North America, Norwegian Union of Foundry Workers, Swedish Foundry Workers' Union and two other Scandinavian unions. The unions retained their IMF membership, and in 1951, the IMF organised a foundry workers' sectoral meeting, which agreed to establish a foundry workers' section. The IMF committee vetoed the proposal, arguing that foundry work cut across many areas of the federation's work, and it offered only a consultation among foundry workers about the best way to represent them. Despite this, the IFF dissolved in 1954.
# Innerstate Music

Innerstate Music is a mixtape by the American hip hop group Nappy Roots, released July 31, 2007. Their first as independent artists, Inner state is an Internet mixtape/album which had been intended to precede The Humdinger until that album experienced several delays. "Good Day" is played in the 2016 film The Secret Life of Pets during the scene where a bunch of pets are partying in Buddy's apartment.

## Track listing

* "Keep It Real"
* "Good Day"
* "Do It Like That"
* "Sell It"
* "Who Got It, Where's It At"
* "Bottles 'N Broads"
* "Swerve & Lean"
* "Sun Don't Shine"
* "Sometimes" (featuring D. Folks)
* "Shakers to the Stage"
* "Hot" (Produced by Chi Duly)
* "Souljahs"
* "Dreamin'" (featuring Tenia Sanders)
* "On My Way to G.A."
# Herbert Dickinson Ward

Herbert Dickinson Ward (June 29, 1861 – June 27, 1932) was an American author, born at Waltham, Massachusetts, son of William Hayes Ward. Graduating from Phillips Academy, Andover, in 1880 and Amherst College in 1884, he wrote extensively for newspapers and periodicals. Ward married Elizabeth Stuart Phelps on October 20, 1888.

## Works

* The New Senior at Andover (1890)
* A Republic without a President, and Other Stories (1891)
* The Captain of the Kittiewink (1892)
* A Dash to the Pole (1893)
* The White Crown, and Other Stories (1894)
* The Silent Witness (1896)
* The Burglar Who Moved Paradise (1897)
* The Light of the World (1901)

### Co-authored with his wife Elizabeth Stuart Phelps Ward

* A Lost Hero (1889)
* The Master of the Magicians (1890)
* Come Forth (1891)