OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# 2021 Junior Pan American Artistic Gymnastics Championships

The 2021 Junior Pan American Artistic Gymnastics Championships was held in Guadalajara, Mexico, June 18–20, 2021.

## Medal summary

| Event | Gold | Silver | Bronze |
| Women ||||
| Team | United States Kailin Chio Madray Johnson Katelyn Jong Kaliya Lincoln | Brazil Gabriela Barbosa Heloísa Carvalho Andreza Lima Gabriela Reis | Argentina Isabella Ajalla Nicole Aparicio Mia Mainardi Zoe Salgado |
| All-Around | Katelyn Jong (USA) | Madray Johnson (USA) | Alana Walker (JAM) |
| Vault | Katelyn Jong (USA) Kaliya Lincoln (USA) | Not awarded | Zoe Salgado (ARG) |
| Uneven bars | Katelyn Jong (USA) | Madray Johnson (USA) | Mariangela Flores (MEX) |
| Balance beam | Madray Johnson (USA) | Katelyn Jong (USA) | Gabriela Barbosa (BRA) |
| Floor exercise | Kaliya Lincoln (USA) | Kailin Chio (USA) | Andreza Lima (BRA) |
| Men ||||
| Team | United States Arun Chhetri Ian Lasic-Ellis Vahe Petrosyan Fred Richard | Colombia Ángel Barajas Jordan Castro Manuel López Sergio Vargas | Brazil Yuri Guimarães Diogo Paes João Victor Perdigão Gustavo Pereira |
| All-Around | Fred Richard (USA) | Ian Lasic-Ellis (USA) | Ángel Barajas (COL) |
| Floor exercise | Yuri Guimarães (BRA) | Fred Richard (USA) | Ángel Barajas (COL) |
| Pommel horse | Ángel Barajas (COL) | Edward Alarcón (PER) | Arum Chhetri (USA) |
| Rings | Jabiel Polanco (DOM) | Arum Chhetri (USA) | Fred Richard (USA) Ricardo Torres (MEX) |
| Vault | Fred Richard (USA) | Yuri Guimarães (BRA) | Jabiel Polanco (DOM) Ricardo Torres (MEX) |
| Parallel bars | Ian Lasic-Ellis (USA) | Manuel López (COL) | Edward Rolin (VEN) |
| Horizontal bar | Fred Richard (USA) | Diogo Paes (BRA) | Ángel Barajas (COL) |

## Medal table

| Rank | Nation | Gold | Silver | Bronze | Total |
| 1 | United States | 12 | 7 | 2 | 21 |
| 2 | Brazil | 1 | 3 | 3 | 7 |
| 3 | Colombia | 1 | 2 | 3 | 6 |
| 4 | Dominican Republic | 1 | 0 | 1 | 2 |
| 5 | Peru | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| 6 | Mexico | 0 | 0 | 3 | 3 |
| 7 | Argentina | 0 | 0 | 2 | 2 |
| 8 | Jamaica | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| 8 | Venezuela | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| Totals (9 entries) | Totals (9 entries) | 15 | 13 | 16 | 44 |
# Pammene splendidulana

Pammene splendidulana is a moth belonging to the family Tortricidae. The species was first described by Achille Guenée in 1845.
It is native to Europe. and parts of North Africa.
The wingspan is 9 11 mm. The forewings are dark fuscous, very finely and closely whitish - striated. The costa is marked with short ochreous whitish streaks becoming silvery-metallic beneath. There is a leaden- metallic fascia within the basal patch and the angulated edge of the basal patch is followed by a leaden-metallic fascia triangularly dilated on the dorsum. The central fascia is followed by a thick leaden metallic stria interrupted in the middle by a black spot. Sometimes there are some black scales in the ocellus. The hindwings are fuscous, more or less whitish-suffused anteriorly. The larva is whitish; spots black; head and plate of 2 black: between joined leaves of oak.
The larvae develop between two interconnected leaves of oak (Quercus spp.). The moths have a fairly extensive flying time in the spring.
# Great disdyakis dodecahedron

Great disdyakis dodecahedron :
| Type | Star polyhedron |
| Face | |
| Elements | F = 48, E = 72 V = 26 (χ = 2) |
| Symmetry group | O$_h$, [4,3], *432 |
| Index references | DU$_{20}$ |
| dual polyhedron | Great truncated cuboctahedron |
In geometry, the great disdyakis dodecahedron is a nonconvex isohedral polyhedron. It is the dual of the uniform great truncated cuboctahedron. It has 48 triangular faces.

## Proportions

The triangles have one angle of $\arccos({\frac {3}{4}}+{\frac {1}{8}}{\sqrt {2}})\approx 22.062\,191\,157\,54^{\circ }$, one of $\arccos(-{\frac {1}{6}}-{\frac {1}{12}}{\sqrt {2}})\approx 106.530\,027\,150\,22^{\circ }$ and one of $\arccos(-{\frac {1}{12}}+{\frac {1}{2}}{\sqrt {2}})\approx 51.407\,781\,692\,24^{\circ }$. The dihedral angle equals $\arccos({\frac {-71+12{\sqrt {2}}}{97}})\approx 123.848\,891\,579\,44^{\circ }$. Part of each triangle lies within the solid, hence is invisible in solid models.

## Related polyhedra

The great disdyakis dodecahedron is topologically identical to the convex Catalan solid, disdyakis dodecahedron, which is dual to the truncated cuboctahedron.
# Mick Healy

Michael Healy was an Irish hurler. At club level he played for Mount Sion and was a substitute on the Waterford senior hurling team that won the 1948 All-Ireland Championship.
# New Creek, West Virginia

New Creek is an unincorporated community in Mineral County, West Virginia, United States. It lies near the intersection of New Creek and U.S. Route 50, and is 6 miles (9.7 km) south of Keyser. The ZIP code for New Creek is 26743.
During the Civil War, this community was the site of a military skirmish between Union and Confederate troops on June 19, 1861.
# Guillermo Ortiz

Guillermo Ortiz may refer to:
* Guillermo Ortiz (Mexican footballer) (1939–2009), Mexican football forward
* Guillermo Ortiz Mondragón (1947-2021), Mexican Roman Catholic prelate
* Guillermo Ortiz Martínez (born 1948), former Governor of the Bank of Mexico
* Guillermo Ortiz Mayagoitia (born 1941), President of the Supreme Court
* Guillermo Ortiz (Argentine footballer) (born 1992), Argentine football centre-back
# Hester Site

Hester Site (known by the two Smithsonian trinomials 22MO569 and 22MO1011) is a major prehistoric archaeological site in Monroe County, Mississippi. It is a multicomponent site whose major occupation took place during the Archaic period with artifacts dating from 9000 to 8000 BCE, and other occupations during the Woodland and Mississippian periods. The site is one of the largest Archaic sites in the southeastern United States, and its well-stratified nature was critical in providing for accurate relative dating of finds at other sites throughout the region. The site was declared a National Historic Landmark in 2001.

## Description

The Hester Site is located in northeastern Mississippi, near the city of Amory in Monroe County. The full extent of the site is unknown, because it has only been subjected to limited excavation, in 1974-75 and again in 1978. The site has three clearly delineated soil types, each of which contains a complex of features and finds. The uppermost layer contains Woodland and Mississippian period artifacts, although there are older artifacts intermingled because the layer falls within the plow zone, and there has been agricultural activity at the site. The second major layer contains Middle and Late Archaic artifacts. The deepest layers of the site contain Paleo-Indian and Early Archaic artifacts, a period of occupation dating from 9000 BCE to 7000 BCE. All of the layers contain evidence of the manufacture of stone tools using locally abundant chert.
The bottom are of most significant importance to archaeologists. It is further stratified, permitting a mapping of different styles and tool-making methods to the strata layers. This has enabled archaeologists to assign meaningful ordering to finds at other sites in the region where differing styles are typically intermingled. The Late Paleo-Indian portion of the site is also generally of particular significance, as it is the only site of this age known in the state.
# Panaeolus papilionaceus

Panaeolus papilionaceus, also known as Agaricus calosus, Panaeolus campanulatus, Panaeolus retirugis, and Panaeolus sphinctrinus, and commonly known as Petticoat mottlegill, is a very common and widely distributed little brown mushroom that feeds on dung.
This mushroom is the type species for the genus Panaeolus.

## Description

* Cap: 1–5 cm across, obtusely conic, grayish brown, not hygrophanous, becoming campanulate in age, margin adorned with white toothlike partial veil fragments when young or towards the edge, flesh thin.
* Gills: adnate to adnexed close to crowded, one or two tiers of intermediate gills, pale gray, acquiring a mottled, blackish appearance in age, with whitish edges.
* Spores: 12–18 x 7–10 μm, elliptical, smooth, with an apical pore, spore print black.
* Stipe: 6–12 cm by 2–4 mm, gray-brown to reddish brown, darker where handled, paler toward the apex, brittle, fibrous, and pruinose.
* Odor: Mild.
* Taste: Unappetizing.
* Microscopic features: Basidia 4-sterigmate; abruptly clavate. Cheilocystidia abundant; subcylindric, often subcapitate or capitate.

## Habitat and formation

Occurring singly, gregariously, or caespitosely on cow/horse dung, moose droppings, and in pastures. Widely distributed in North America throughout the year, but only in warmer climates in winter. It can be found in countries including Canada (Alberta, British Columbia), the United States (Alabama, Alaska, California, Colorado, Florida, Georgia, Indiana, Louisiana, Maine, Massachusetts, Missouri, Montana, New Mexico, New York, Oklahoma, Texas, Washington), the Caribbean (Bahamas, Cuba, San Vincent Island), Chile, Colombia, Uruguay, France, The Netherlands, Greece, Mexico, Norway, Slovenia, South Africa, Uganda, China, Iran, Lithuania, Kuwait, and the Philippines.

## Edibility

Panaeolus papilionaceus is inedible, and is neither choice in flavor nor substantial in mass. While similar looking species, such as Psilocybe mexicana, do contain psilocybin, Panaeolus papilionaceus does not.

## Gallery

* Panaeolus papilionaceus var. papilionaceus
# Great deltoidal hexecontahedron

Great deltoidal hexecontahedron :
| Type | Star polyhedron |
| Face | |
| Elements | F = 60, E = 120 V = 62 (χ = 2) |
| Symmetry group | I$_h$, [5,3], *532 |
| Index references | DU$_{67}$ |
| dual polyhedron | Nonconvex great rhombicosidodecahedron |
In geometry, the great deltoidal hexecontahedron (or great sagittal ditriacontahedron) is a nonconvex isohedral polyhedron. It is the dual of the nonconvex great rhombicosidodecahedron. It is visually identical to the great rhombidodecacron. It has 60 intersecting cross quadrilateral faces, 120 edges, and 62 vertices. Its faces are darts. Part of each dart lies inside the solid, hence is invisible in solid models.
It is also called a great strombic hexecontahedron.

## Proportions

The darts have two angles of $\arccos({\frac {1}{2}}+{\frac {1}{5}}{\sqrt {5}})\approx 18.699\,407\,085\,15^{\circ }$, one of $\arccos(-{\frac {1}{4}}+{\frac {1}{10}}{\sqrt {5}})\approx 91.512\,394\,720\,74^{\circ }$ and one of $360^{\circ }-\arccos(-{\frac {1}{8}}-{\frac {9}{40}}{\sqrt {5}})\approx 231.088\,791\,108\,96^{\circ }$. The dihedral angle equals $\arccos({\frac {-19+8{\sqrt {5}}}{41}})\approx 91.553\,403\,672\,16^{\circ }$. The ratio between the lengths of the long and short edges is ${\frac {21+3{\sqrt {5}}}{22}}\approx 1.259\,463\,815\,11$.
# PP-format

The PP-format (Post Processing Format) is a proprietary file format for meteorological data developed by the Met Office, the United Kingdom's national weather service.
Simulations of the weather are performed by the Met Office's Unified Model, which can be used for Numerical Weather Prediction or Climatology, and data is collected. This data is usually meteorological in nature and may include averaged data for parameters like global surface temperatures or accumulations of rainfall for locations inside the model, though the Unified Model is capable of outputting many sophisticated diagnostics to PP-format. These files are binary streams, structured in a proprietary file format which can then be processed and transformed into other, more portable, formats. The main reason for using such a format is to increase the rate at which data can be written from the model to disk, a major consideration when running a simulation that must be timely and efficient.
# Neuralia

Neuralia can refer to:
# Not for Beginners

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic | |
| All-Reviews | |
| Boston Phoenix | |
| Rolling Stone | |
Not for Beginners is the sixth solo album by Ronnie Wood.

## Track listing

All tracks composed by Ronnie Wood; except where indicated
* "Wayside" – 2:37
* "Rock 'n Roll Star" (Chris Hillman, Roger McGuinn) – 3:24
* "Whadd'ya Think" – 2:57
* "This Little Heart" – 3:39
* "Leaving Here" (Eddie Holland, Lamont Dozier, Brian Holland) – 3:19
* "Hypershine" – 3:37
* "R U Behaving Yourself?" – 3:24
* "Be Beautiful" – 3:17
* "Wake Up You Beauty" – 3:19
* "Interfere" – 4:39
* "Real Hard Rocker" – 3:08
* "Heart, Soul and Body" – 3:24
* "King of Kings" (Bob Dylan) – 3:36

## Personnel

* Ronnie Wood – vocals, guitar, producer
* Mark Wells – guitar, bass, drums, vocals, producer
* Bob Dylan – guitar on "Interfere" & "King of Kings"
* Scotty Moore – guitar on "Interfere"
* Jesse Wood – guitar
* Willie Weeks – bass
* Ian Jenning – double bass on "Interfere"
* Mick Jones – guitar, keyboards, director
* Ian McLagan – piano on "Interfere"
* D.J. Fontana – drums on "Interfere"
* Andy Newmark – drums
* Martin Wright – drums, percussion, vocals, producer
* Kelly Jones – vocals
* Leah Wood – vocals
# Milano–Vignola

The Milano–Vignola was a professional road bicycle race held annually in the Province of Modena, Italy. The last edition took place in 1996, becoming the Gran Premio Bruno Beghelli in 1997.

## Winners

| Year | Country | Rider | Team |
| 1952 | Italy | Antonio Bevilacqua | |
| 1953– 1955 | No race | No race | No race |
| 1956 | Italy | Pierino Baffi | |
| 1957 | No race | No race | No race |
| 1958 | Italy | Adriano Zamboni | |
| 1959 | Italy | Adriano Zamboni | |
| 1960 | Italy | Alessandro Fantini | |
| 1961 | Belgium | Willy Vannitsen | |
| 1962 | Italy | Vendramino Bariviera | |
| 1963 | Italy | Adriano Durante | |
| 1964 | Italy | Guido De Rosso | |
| 1965 | Italy | Guido De Rosso | |
| 1966 | Italy | Adriano Durante | |
| 1967 | West Germany | Rudi Altig | |
| 1968 | Italy | Marino Basso | |
| 1969 | Italy | Attilio Rota | |
| 1970 | Italy | Adriano Durante | |
| 1971 | Italy | Marino Basso | |
| 1972 | Belgium | Julien Van Lint | |
| 1973 | Italy | Marino Basso | |
| 1974 | Italy | Enrico Paolini | |
| 1975 | Belgium | Rik Van Linden | |
| 1976 | Belgium | Rik Van Linden | |
| 1977 | Italy | Luciano Borgognoni | |
| 1978 | Belgium | Rik Van Linden | |
| 1979 | Belgium | Roger De Vlaeminck | |
| 1980 | Italy | Giovanni Battaglin | |
| 1981 | West Germany | Gregor Braun | |
| 1982 | Italy | Giovanni Mantovani | |
| 1983 | Italy | Francesco Moser | |
| 1984 | Italy | Mario Beccia | |
| 1985 | Italy | Emanuele Bombini | |
| 1986 | Italy | Roberto Visentini | |
| 1987 | Italy | Giuseppe Saronni | |
| 1988 | Italy | Adriano Baffi | |
| 1989 | Italy | Adriano Baffi | |
| 1990 | Italy | Mario Cipollini | |
| 1991 | Italy | Silvio Martinello | |
| 1992 | Kazakhstan | Andrei Teterijuk | |
| 1993 | Italy | Alberto Elli | |
| 1994 | Italy | Angelo Lecchi | |
| 1995 | Italy | Angelo Canzonieri | |
| 1996 | Italy | Fabio Roscioli | |
# Paiküla

Paiküla is a village in Saaremaa Parish, Saare County in western Estonia.
Paiküla is the birthplace of Estonian writer and journalist Jakob Mändmets (1871–1930).
Before the administrative reform in 2017, the village was in Lääne-Saare Parish.
# Mir Ali Heravi

Mir Ali Heravi (Persian: میرعلی هروی), also known as Mir Ali Hossein Heravi and Mir Jan, titled as Kateb-e Soltani, was a prominent Persian calligrapher and calligraphy teacher of Nastaʿlīq script in the 16th century. He was the second significant Persian calligrapher after Mir Emad. He had artistic influence on the later calligraphers.

## Biography

Mir Ali Heravi was from Herat. In 1506, he emigrated with his family to Mashhad, but after a short time they came back to Herat and stayed there. When he was young, he was a scrivener of orders and instructions for the governor of Herat. Then he started working as a calligrapher in the court of Sultan Husayn Mirza Bayqara. He became the King's favorite calligrapher and was titled as Kateb os-Soltan. He signed some of his works with Mir Ali al-Kateb os-Soltani. He lived in Herat until the death of Sultan Husayn Mirza Bayqara. After King's death, he lived sometimes in Mashhad and sometimes in Herat. In 1512, Ismail I captured Herat. In this time, Heravi became the protégé of Karim od-Din Habibollah Savoji. After Habibollah's murder, when Sam Mirza Safavi, the brother of Tahmasp I, was the governor of Khorasan, Mir Ali Heravi was in Herat for 3 years until 1528. In 1528, Obeid Khan captured Herat for a short time and took Mir Ali Heravi to Bukhara and appointed him as a scrivener and calligraphy teacher of his son, Abdolaziz Khan. Mir Ali Heravi lived 16 years in Bukhara. He was not allowed to leave the city. He died in 1544 in Bukhara.
Because of homesickness and obligatory emigration to Bukhara and being far from family, Heravi lived in this city under depression and sadness.
Heravi was Zein od-Din Mohammad's student. Zein od-Din Mohammad learned calligraphy himself from Soltan Ali Mashhadi.

## His students

Mir Ali Heravi had seven important students:
* Mir Mohammad Bagher, who was a calligrapher in the court of Abdul Rahim Khan-I-Khana, Humayun and Akbar.
* Khaje Mohammad Shabestari, the chief of Herat's police station.
* Ahmad Mashhadi, the scrivener and a companion of Tahmasp I.
* Mir Hossein Bokharaei
* Malek Deylami, Mir Emad's calligraphy teacher.
* Mir Heidar Bokharaei
* Mir Chalame
# Panaeolus rubricaulis

Panaeolus rubricaulis is a species of mushroom in the Bolbitiaceae family.
# Nitrotyrosine

Nitrotyrosine is a product of tyrosine nitration mediated by reactive nitrogen species such as peroxynitrite anion and nitrogen dioxide. Nitrotyrosine is identified as an indicator or marker of cell damage, inflammation as well as NO (nitric oxide) production. Nitrotyrosine is formed in the presence of the active metabolite NO. Generally in many disease states, oxidative stress increases the production of superoxide (O$_2$$^−$) and NO forming peroxynitrite (ONOO$^−$) a destructive free radical oxidant. The production of ONOO$^−$ is capable of oxidizing several lipoproteins and of nitrating tyrosine residues in many proteins. It is difficult to determine the production of ONOO$^−$ so, usually nitrotyrosine in proteins are the detectable marker for indirectly detecting ONOO$^−$. It is detected in large number of pathological conditions and is considered a marker of NO-dependent, reactive nitrogen species-induced nitrative stress. Nitrotyrosine is detected in biological fluids such as plasma, lung aspirants-BALF (Broncho alveolar lining fluid) and urine. Increased level of nitrotyrosine is detected in rheumatoid arthritis, septic shock and coeliac disease. In all these studies nitrotyrosine was undetected in healthy subjects. Nitrotyrosine is also found in numerous other disease-affected tissues, such as the cornea in keratoconus. Peroxynitrite and/or nitrative stress may participate in the pathogenesis of diabetes.
Research shows that nitrotyrosine levels can be reduced by N-acetyl cysteine, which is a precursor to glutathione, one of the body's primary endogenous antioxidants. Nitrotyrosine levels have been linked to cerebral ischemia and edema, for which NAC has also been proven as a potential treatment.
Free nitrotyrosine undergoes metabolism to form 3-nitro-4-hydroxyphenylacetic acid (NHPA) which is excreted in the urine.
Nitrotyrosine, as a marker of reactive oxygen species, has also been linked to degeneration of dopamine neurons. Tyrosine is the precursor to dopamine, a neurotransmitter that's important for motivation, attention, learning, circadian rhythms, and other biological processes.
# One Third of a Nation

"One Third of a Nation" is a 1939 painting by American artist O. Louis Guglielmi. Done in oil and tempera on wood, the painting depicts an impoverished apartment block. Guglielmi's work is filled with imagery detailing the poor quality of life during the Great Depression; the buildings seen in the painting are run down, and coffin-like shapes are strewn in the deserted street.
The painting shares a title with One-Third of a Nation, a 1938 play intended to draw attention to poor Americans during the Great Depression, and with President Franklin D. Roosevelt's inaugural address at the start of his second term.
# PPADS

PPADS (pyridoxalphosphate-6-azophenyl-2',4'-disulfonic acid) is a selective purinergic P2X antagonist. It is able to block contractions of rabbit vas deferens induced by ATP or α,β,methylene-ATP. It appears to be relatively selective for P2X receptors, having no appreciable activity at α$_1$ adrenergic, muscarinic M$_2$ and M$_3$, histamine H$_1$, and adenosine A$_1$ receptors.
# Marthall

Marthall is a village in the unitary authority of Cheshire East and the ceremonial county of Cheshire, England. It is around 3 miles from Knutsford.
The village is small; it has a village hall, a church and a pub (the Egerton Arms, on the outskirts of the nearby village of Chelford). In 1976, Marthall civil parish was formed in its present state by including the neighbouring village, Ollerton. Although they still keep their old identities and village boundaries, they come together in a shared parish council and other facilities. As the population measured at the 2011 Census was only minimal, details are included in the civil parish of Ollerton, Cheshire.
# Paraploactis

Paraploactis is a genus of marine ray-finned fish, velvetfishes belonging to the family Aploactinidae. The genus is found the Indo-Pacific.

## Taxonomy

Paraploactis was first described as a genus in 1864 by the Dutch physician, herpetologist and ichthyologist Pieter Bleeker when he described its type species P. trachyderma from Australia, Bleeker designated it as the type species in the title of his description as well as it being the only species in what was then considered to be a monotypic genus. This genus is classified within the family Aploactinidae in the suborder Scorpaenoidei within the order Scorpaeniformes, although this family is also treated as a subfamily of the stonefish family Synanceiidae within the Scorpaenoidei, which in turn is treated as a superfamily within the order Perciformes. P. kagoshimensis, P. obbesi, P. taprobanensis and P. hongkongensis are thought to form a species complex. The name of the genus, Paraploactis prefixed the type genus of this family, Aploactis with para, meaning "near", the genus being described as being between Aploactis and Trichopleura.

## Species

There are currently seven recognized species in this genus:
* Paraploactis hongkongiensis (W. L. Y. Chan, 1966)
* Paraploactis intonsa Poss & Eschmeyer, 1978 (Bearded velvetfish)
* Paraploactis kagoshimensis (Ishikawa, 1904)
* Paraploactis obbesi (M. C. W. Weber, 1913)
* Paraploactis pulvinus Poss & Eschmeyer, 1978 (Pillow velvetfish)
* Paraploactis taprobanensis (Whitley, 1933)
* Paraploactis trachyderma Bleeker, 1865 (Mossback velvetfish)

## Characteristics

Paraploactis velvetfishes have a dense covering of prickles on the head and body, these prickles being modified scales, the largest scales are to the rear of the head above the lateral line. The head has an elaborate sculpture of ridges and blunt spines, in some species there is a fleshy pad on the throat. The frontal bone has two obvious ridges that diverge to the rear, creating a pear-shaped depression separating them. The origin of the dorsal fin lies over the centre to the rear of the eye. The dorsal fin has a deep not between the third and fourth spines and the front 4 spines are almost a separate fin. The spines in the dorsal and anal fins are frequently rather flexible and closely resemble the soft rays of those fins. The fin rays are all simple, i.e. they do not have branches. The dorsal fin has 13-15 spines and 8-10 soft rays while the anal fin typically has a single spine, although there are sometimes 2, and 7-10 soft rays. There are 13-14, normally 14, unbranched fin rays in the pectoral fins and the pelvic-fin has a single spine and 3 soft rays. The lateral line scales are in the form of obvious knobs. especially near the head and there are 11-15 such scales in the line. The jaws have tiny villiform teeth, no teeth on the palatine and the vomerine may have very small teeth or they are absent too. These are small fishes which have a maximum known total length of 12 cm (4.7 in).

## Distribution

Paraploactis velvetfishes are found in the eastern Indian Ocean as far west as Sri Lanka and the western Pacific Ocean.