OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Polychromator

A polychromator is an optical device that is used to disperse light into different directions to isolate parts of the spectrum of the light. A prism or diffraction grating can be used to disperse the light. Unlike a monochromator, it outputs multiple beams over a range of wavelengths simultaneously. Monochromators have one exit slit and one wavelength at a time can pass through that slit. Polychromators have multiple exit slits, each of which allows a different wavelength to pass through it. A detector is placed after each slit so that the light at each wavelength is measured by a different detector. Polychromators are often used in spectroscopy.
Spectrograph is a closely related term. Spectrographs generally do not make use of exit slits. Instead, they use a single spatially selective detector (such as photographic film or a charge-coupled device). Spectrographs are generally used to observe a continuous range of wavelengths, while polychromators are more commonly used to observe several discrete wavelengths, leaving gaps in-between.
# Peter Norton (disambiguation)

Peter Norton (born 1943) is an American programmer, software publisher, author, and philanthropist.
Peter Norton may also refer to:
* Peter Norton (British Army officer) (born 1962), recipient of the George Cross
* Peter Norton, proprietor of Pete's Eats Cafe, a cafe in Wales
* Peter Norton (historian), most known for critique of car-centric approaches
# Hilary Cleveland

Hilary Cleveland has been a professor of History and Political Science at Colby-Sawyer College in New London, New Hampshire, for over 50 years. She was married to former New Hampshire Republican Congressman James Colgate Cleveland and was sister in law of the late Patience Cleveland. She was born in Orange, N.J. She currently lives in New London, NH.
She was appointed by President Ronald Reagan to serve on the national Advisory Council on Continuing Education. She served under President George H. W. Bush as the finance chair for his New Hampshire primary campaign and one of three commissioners of the International Joint Commission on the United States and Canada. Locally she served as New London's Town Moderator for 18 years, president and trustee of the local historical society, and founding member of the local League of Women Voters and Adventures in Learning.
She made news during the 2004 presidential election when she crossed party lines to support Howard Dean in the primary and later John Kerry. She was interviewed for Newsweek and The Boston Globe as an example of Republican fallout due to the policies of George W. Bush's first presidential term.
# Naresh Dadhich

Naresh Dadhich (born September 1, 1944) is a theoretical physicist, formerly at Inter-University Center for Astronomy and Astrophysics (IUCAA). He was also the director of IUCAA until August 31, 2009. He held the M.A. Ansari Chair in Theoretical Physics at Centre for Theoretical Physics, Jamia Millia Islamia, Delhi from 2012 to 2016.
He became the director of IUCAA in July 2003. In 2012 he was a visiting faculty member at the University of KwaZulu-Natal at Durban, South Africa and also works with gravity research groups in Portsmouth, UK and Bilbao, Spain.
Naresh Dadhich's specialties include classical and quantum gravity and relativistic astrophysics. Along with his colleagues he has published over 100 scientific papers. He has supervised several PhD students.
# J. Lehrenkrauss Corporation

The J. Lehrenkrauss Corporation was a Brooklyn, New York-based company which became insolvent in 1934.

## History

On January 25, 1935, Julius Lehrenkrauss, the 67-year-old head of the firm, was convicted of mail fraud in the sale of $1,600,000 of preferred stock. Its failure happened during the Great Depression when credit lending agencies were strained due to deflation and a weak economy in the United States in the early 1930s. Government prosecutors alleged that the business was bankrupt in 1932 and 1933, at the time the stock was sold. Lehrenkrauss received a suspended sentence because of his advanced age. Two partners and a former salesman for the firm were given active prison terms.
The hearing at the Brooklyn federal courthouse on January 15, 1934, was attended by over 3,000 people—more than ten times its capacity. The gathering was featured on the front page of the next day's Brooklyn Eagle, which said it was the largest courthouse crowd the borough had ever seen. Because J. Lehrenkrauss & Sons, the organization's mortgage-servicing subsidiary (located at 359 Fulton Street) was still actively making money, it would be sold in order to manage claims. Real estate developer Fred Trump attended the hearing, and acquired the mortgage-servicing subsidiary with a partner. This gave Trump access to the titles of many properties nearing foreclosure, which he bought at low cost and sold for a profit.
# Poverty Island

Poverty Island is a 186 acre uninhabited island in northern Lake Michigan. It is one of an archipelago of islands across the entrance to Green Bay and Big Bay de Noc commonly called the Potawatomi Islands, which are an outcropping of the Niagara Escarpment. The island is within Delta County in the U.S. state of Michigan. The surface is a mixture of forest and rocky outcroppings. The only structures are the Poverty Island Light Station (1875), an abandoned lighthouse and outbuildings which are in disrepair. Poverty Island is currently owned by the federal government.
Other islands in the Potawatomi archipelago include Little Summer Island, Summer Island, Gull Island, and St. Martin Island in Michigan, and Rock Island, Washington Island, Pilot Island, Detroit Island and Plum Island in Wisconsin. Poverty Island Passage between Poverty Island and Gull Island, is one of the principle passages into Green Bay.
Le Griffon
On June 16, 2013, U.S. and French archeologists began examining an underwater object first discovered in 2001 near Poverty Island that could be the wreck of Le Griffon, a 17th century sailing ship, although it will take time to determine if it is even a shipwreck. Dean Anderson, the Michigan State Archeologist, examined the object, an alleged "bowsprit," and determined it to be a fishing net stake. Le Griffon was the first full-sized European style sailing ship on the upper Great Lakes that was built and commanded by the French explorer René-Robert Cavelier, Sieur de La Salle in 1679. The ship disappeared with all six crew members and its cargo of furs after departing from Green Bay in Sept. of that same year on the return trip of her maiden voyage. The location and reason of her sinking has remained a mystery ever since.
# Pansey

Pansey (French pronunciation:; before January 2011 Pancey) is a commune in the Haute-Marne department in north-eastern France.
# Platensina voneda

Platensina voneda is a species of tephritid or fruit flies in the genus Platensina of the family Tephritidae.

## Distribution

Afrotropical or Oriental Region.
# Poverty Reduction and Growth Facility

The Poverty Reduction and Growth Facility (PRGF) is an arm of the International Monetary Fund which lends to the world's poorest countries. It was created on September 16, 1999, replacing the Enhanced Structural Adjustment Facility. In 2009 the organization sold 212 metric tons of gold in separate off-market transactions and then gradually sold 191.3 tons of gold to fund the SDR 1¼ billion yearly lending program to the targeted nations.
# Polychotomous key

Polychotomous key refers to the number of alternatives which a decision point may have in a non-temporal hierarchy of independent variables. The number of alternatives are equivalent to the root or nth root of a mathematical or logical variable. Decision points or independent variables with two states have a binary root that is referred to as a dichotomous key whereas, the term polychotomous key refers to roots which are greater than one or unitary and usually greater than two or binary. Polychotomous keys are used in troubleshooting to build troubleshooting charts and in classification/identification schemes with characteristics that have more than one attribute and the order of characteristics is not inherently based on the progression of time.
# Mountain Stream

Mountain Stream may refer to:
* Mountain stream, a fast-flowing stream in the mountains
* Mountain Stream Salamander
* Mountain Stream Tree Frog
* Mountain Stream, an oil on canvas painting by Marilyn Bendell
# Heroes' Cup (Rwanda)

The Heroes' Cup, also known as the Heroes' Day Tournament, is an annual basketball cup competition for the premier teams in Rwanda. The Heroes Cup tournaments are organised by their respective federations in partnership with the Chancellery for Heroes, National Orders and Decorations of Honour (CHENO). The final of the cup is played each year on National Heroes' Day on February 1.
Since 2024, Rwandan men's teams have another FERWABA-organised cup competition in the Rwanda Basketball Cup.

## Men tournament

| Season | Champions | Runners-up | Score | MVP |
| 2015 | Espoir | KBC | 81–61 | Aristide Mugabe |
| 2016 | Patriots | Espoir | 84–72 | Aristide Mugabe |
| 2018 | REG | | | |
| 2019 | REG | Patriots | 92–72 | Beleck Bell Engelbert |
| 2020 | REG | APR | 71–62 | |
| 2021 | Cancelled due to the coronavirus pandemic | Cancelled due to the coronavirus pandemic | Cancelled due to the coronavirus pandemic | Cancelled due to the coronavirus pandemic |

## Women tournament

| Season | Champions | Runners-up | Score | Stadium | MVP |
| 2015 | Ubumwe | APR | 61–52 | | Lisanne Comean |
| 2016 | Ubumwe | APR | 74–66 | | |
| 2019 | The Hoops Rwanda | Ubumwe | 55–54 | Amahoro Indoor Stadium | Marie Laurence Imanizabayo |
| 2020 | IPRC Huye | The Hoops Rwanda | 70–47 | Amahoro Indoor Stadium | |
# Nati (surname)

Nati is an Italian surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Germano Nati (1946–2008), Eritrean politician
* Kimiora Nati (born 1988), New Zealand rugby league player
* Romolo Nati (born 1968), Italian architect and businessman
* Valerio Nati (born 1956), Italian professional boxer
# Ixala adventaria

Ixala adventaria is a species of geometrid moth in the family Geometridae. It is found in North America.
The MONA or Hodges number for Ixala adventaria is 6698.
# Pansey, Alabama

Pansey is an unincorporated community in Houston County, Alabama, United States. Pansey is located along U.S. Route 84, 13.5 miles (21.7km) east-southeast of Dothan. Pansey has a post office with ZIP code 36370.

## Demographics

According to the 1910 U.S. Census, Pansey incorporated in 1902, a year before Houston County was created (then in Henry County). It disincorporated at some point after 1920.

## Notable person

* Lucy Baxley, Lieutenant Governor of Alabama from 2003 to 2007, was born in Pansey.
# Platypalpus

Platypalpus is a genus of hybotid flies. It is worldwide in distribution, but best represented in Europe, with over 200 species. There are at least 580 described species in Platypalpus worldwide.
# Pozzolengo

Pozzolengo (Brescian: Posolengh) is an Italian municipality (comune) of 3,557 inhabitants in the province of Brescia, in Lombardy.

## Geography

Pozzolengo is located in northern Italy on the hills in the south of Lake Garda. Though in the province of Brescia (Lombardy), it borders two provinces (Mantua and Verona) and another region (Veneto).
Since it finds itself in a wet land and there used to be many wells, legend has it that the name Pozzolengo derives from the word well (pozzo in Italian).
The town has the following hamlets: Ballino, Belvedere, Bosco, Ceresa, Pirenei, Ponte del Cantone, Rondotto.

## History

The town was inhabited starting from Prehistory and saw different peoples.
Around 1000 the castle was built upon mount Fluno and in 1510 the church was built .
In the 19th century the territory of Pozzolengo was the scene of the battles for the Unification of Italy.

## Main sights

* Church of S.Lorenzo Martire
* Castle of Pozzolengo
* Monumental cemetery, built in 1881 by Giovanni Faini
* Mantelli Bog

## Cuisine

* Salame Morenico of Pozzolengo, awarded with the De.CO recognition
* Traditional biscuit of Pozzolengo, baked with using spelt flour
* Saffron of Pozzolengo
* Lugana white wine
# Nainana Jat

Nainana Jat is a census town in Agra district in the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh.

## Demographics

Jats village.As of 2011 Indian Census, Nainana Jat had a total population of 12,941, of which 6,720 were males and 6,221 were females. Population within the age group of 0 to 6 years was 2,398. The total number of literates in Nainana Jat was 5,801, which constituted 44.8% of the population with male literacy of 53.0% and female literacy of 36.0%. The effective literacy rate of 7+ population of Nainana Jat was 55.0%, of which male literacy rate was 64.9% and female literacy rate was 44.3%. The Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes population was 8,222 and 2 respectively. Nainana Jat had 2172 households in 2011.
As of 2001 India census, Nainana Jat had a population of 9,650. Males constitute 54% of the population and females 46%. Nainana Jat has an average literacy rate of 38%, lower than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 47%, and female literacy is 26%. In Nainana Jat, 23% of the population is under 6 years of age. it is town of Jats.
# I Hear a Song

I Hear a Song may refer to:
* I Hear a Song, a 2018 album by Dami Im
* I Hear a Song Tour, a 2018 tour by Dami Im.
* "I Hear a Song", a song by Jessi Colter from her 1975 album I'm Jessi Colter
* "I Hear a Song", a song from the 1976 musical Don't Step on My Olive Branch
# International cricket in 1946

The 1946 International cricket season was from April 1946 to August 1946.

## Season overview

International tours :
| Start date | Home team | Away team | Results [Matches] | Results [Matches] | Results [Matches] | Results [Matches] |
| Start date | Home team | Away team | Test | ODI | FC | LA |
| 10 June 1946 | England | India | 1–0 [3] | — | — | — |
| 12 June 1946 | England | England Rest | — | — | 1–0 [2] | — |
| 13 July 1946 | Scotland | Ireland | — | — | 0–1 [3] | — |
| 1 August 1946 | Netherlands | England | — | — | 0–0 [3] | — |

## June
### Test Trial in England

Unofficial Test series :
| No. | Date | Home captain | Away captain | Venue | Result |
| Match 1 | 12–14 June | Wally Hammond | Bryan Valentine | Lord's, London | Match drawn |
| Match 2 | 10–12 July | Norman Yardley | Denis Compton | St Lawrence Ground, Canterbury | England by 18 runs |

### India in England

Test series :
| No. | Date | Home captain | Away captain | Venue | Result |
| Test 276 | 22–25 June | Wally Hammond | Iftikhar Ali Khan Pataudi | Lord's, London | England by 10 wickets |
| Test 277 | 20–23 July | Wally Hammond | Iftikhar Ali Khan Pataudi | Old Trafford Cricket Ground, Manchester | Match drawn |
| Test 278 | 17–20 August | Wally Hammond | Iftikhar Ali Khan Pataudi | Kennington Oval, London | Match drawn |

## July
### Ireland in Scotland

First-class Match :
| No. | Date | Home captain | Away captain | Venue | Result |
| Match | 24–27 July | W Clark | Donald Shearer | Glenpark, Greenock | Ireland by 8 wickets |

## August
### England in Netherlands

Three-day match series :
| No. | Date | Home captain | Away captain | Venue | Result |
| Match 1 | 1–2 August | Not mentioned | Not mentioned | Haarlem | Match drawn |
| Match 2 | 3–4 August | Not mentioned | Not mentioned | De Diepput, The Hague | Match drawn |
| One-day match |||||||||
| No. | Date | Home captain | Away captain | Venue | Result |
| Match | 6 August | EJA Schill | Arthur Brodhurst | Wassenaar | Match drawn |
# Ixala proutearia

Ixala proutearia is a species of geometrid moth in the family Geometridae. It is found in North America.
The MONA or Hodges number for Ixala proutearia is 6696.
# Iridomyrmex bicknelli

Iridomyrmex bicknelli, also known as the black trail ant, is a species of ant belonging to the genus Iridomyrmex. The species is distributed in every single state and territory in Australia. Iridomyrmex bicknelli was described by Emery in 1898.

## Subspecies

* Iridomyrmex bicknelli formosae Forel, 1912
* Iridomyrmex bicknelli luteus Forel, 1915

## Description
### Size

Queen: 7mm- 10mm in length
Worker- 2- 5mm in length.

## Behaviour

Workers are not aggressive, and do not have a stinger or spray formic acid. In the wild, queens are known to be polygynous with very high worker numbers. However, in a formicarium colonies are mainly monogynous with an average of 10,000 workers per colony. Queens are fully claustral, meaning they do not have nest entrances during the founding stage of a colony. They also do not require feeding during this time, as they live on fat reserves from their own body.
# Pansfelde

Pansfelde is a village in the town of Falkenstein/Harz in the district of Harz in Saxony-Anhalt, Germany.

## Geography

Pansfelde lies in the southeastern part of the district of Harz and next to the neighbouring districts of Mansfeld-Südharz and Salzlandkreis on the heights of the Lower Harz plateau, an agricultural upland surrounded by woods. The countryside between the wayside stations of Leinemühle and Gartenhaus, a road toll known as chausseegeld was collected in former times, consists of mixed woods, farmland and pastures in the Schwennecke valley.

## History

Pansfelde was first mentioned in 1276 under the name of Pamesvelde. The history of the village and its inhabitants is closely tied to that of Falkenstein Castle. The ancestors of the present 570 or so population worked at the castle, defended it, worked as farm hands or foresters or in the mills and helped during the hunts.
On 1 January 2002 Pansfelde joined the town of Ermsleben and five other villages to form the new town of Falkenstein/Harz.

## Sights

Built from rubble stone, the church of St. John and the vicarage, one of the few surviving timber-framed houses in the village, are listed buildings. The village scene is dominated by the former manor estate (Rittergut) of the Counts of Falkenstein. On the terrain of the old sheep farm stands a monument which recalls the events of the 1848 year of revolution. In another spot is a list of names and a memorial to the victims of the two world wars
Additional sights are: Falkenstein Castle, the site of Alter Falkenstein, the legendary Klusberg, the ruins of Anhalt Castle, the seat of the House of Anhalt, and the country park of Degenershausen at Wieserode to the northeast.
# Irene Pepinghege

Irene Pepinhege-Rozema (born 11 February 1941) is a West German canoe sprinter who competed in the early to mid-1970s. She won three medals in the K-4 500 m event at the ICF Canoe Sprint World Championships with two silver in 1966 and 1971 and also a bronze in 1970.
Pepinhege also competed in three Summer Olympics, earning her best finish of fourth in the K-1 500 m event at Munich in 1972.
# Paeroa Fault

The Paeroa Fault is a seismically active area in the Taupō District, Waikato Region of the central North Island of New Zealand.

## Geology

North of Lake Taupō, volcanic ignimbrite at least 500 metres (1,600 ft) thick, and called the Paeroa Ignimbrite (dated to 339 ± 5 ka) is exposed along the very steep fault scarp of the Paeroa Fault that defines the western flank of the 979 metres (3,212 ft) high Paeroa Range. The Paeroa Ignimbrite appears to have been erupted from a linear vent alignment parallel to the current Paeroa Range and fault. This fault area of the Taupo Rift is displacing at a rate of 7.2 ± 0.4 mm (0.283 ± 0.016 in)/year. At the north eastern end of the fault is the geothermally active Maungaongaonga volcano that with the fault defines the far south western border of the Ōkataina Volcanic Centre. The Ngapouri-Rotomahana Fault too extends to the Ōkataina Caldera and is a splay from the Paeroa Fault.
The southern portion of the fault is associated with the raised Paeroa Fault block immediately to its east which is the largest ground surface fault block within the Taupō Volcanic Zone. The raised block further to the east goes into the down lands associated with the Reporoa Caldera that extend to form the Taupo-Reporoa Basin. To the west is the adjacent Te Weta Fault block in what has been called the Paeroa Garben, a rift valley that extends to the much more inactive now Horohoro Fault.

## Risks

This intra-rift fault has been estimated to have single event earthquakes in its northern portion about 6.4 Mw and for the whole fault, rupture intensity of about 6.8 Mw with up to 2.5 metres (8 ft 2 in) upward displacement. Almost half of rupture events in the last 16,000 years have been associated with nearby volcanic eruptions so it is not only the direct earthquake impact that may be important. The Mamaku eruption of about 8000 years ago and Rotoma eruption of about 9500 years ago of the Ōkataina Caldera are associated in time with deposits indicating the earthquake fault rupture events took place either just before or during the eruption sequence.
# Nargu Wildlife Sanctuary

Nargu Wildlife Sanctuary lies on the east side of the Uhl River in Mandi District of Himachal Pradesh. It was notified in 1999 and covers an area of 132.37 km$^2$ (51.11 sq mi). The slopes of the sanctuary are covered with Alpine forest. It is home to various species of animals and birds.

## Geography

The sanctuary was notified by the Government of Himachal Pradesh on 23 October 1999 with an area of 278.0 km$^2$ (107.3 sq mi). On 29 November 2013, due to rationalisation of the boundaries the area was reduced to 132.3731 km$^2$ (51.1095 sq mi). The sanctuary is located within the geocoordinates: North 32°06′49″N 76°56′35″E﻿ / ﻿32.11361°N 76.94306°E﻿ / 32.11361; 76.94306﻿ (NarguWLS North), East 31°52′54″N 77°04′50″E﻿ / ﻿31.88167°N 77.08056°E﻿ / 31.88167; 77.08056﻿ (NarguWLS East), South 31°48′42″N 77°02′41″E﻿ / ﻿31.81167°N 77.04472°E﻿ / 31.81167; 77.04472﻿ (NarguWLS South), West 32°01′39″N 76°51′31″E﻿ / ﻿32.02750°N 76.85861°E﻿ / 32.02750; 76.85861﻿ (NarguWLS West). The sanctuary falls under the Kullu Forest Division, Kullu district although it is located partially in Mandi district.
Download coordinates as:
* KML
* GPX (all coordinates)
* GPX (primary coordinates)
* GPX (secondary coordinates)

## Flora and Fauna

The flora includes deodar, fir, kharsu oak, prunus, maple, and fig trees. Wildlife includes the common leopard, barking deer, black bear, jackal, and flying squirrel. Key birds are the Himalayan monal, white-crested kalij, chukor, black partridge, and grey partridge. Common reptiles are snakes and monitor lizards.

## Access

* Airport:- Bhuntar (Kullu)
* Railway:- The closest Railhead is at Jogindernagar (40 km )
* Road:- The sanctuary is well connected by road.
# Prochoreutis drosodoxa

Prochoreutis drosodoxa is a moth in the family Choreutidae. It was described by Edward Meyrick in 1933. It is found in Kashmir.
# Prague Central Station

Prague Central Station may refer to:
* Praha Masarykovo nádraží, named Praha střed (Prague Central) until 1990.
* Praha hlavní nádraží (Prague main railway station)
** Hlavní nádraží (Prague Metro), the adjacent metro station
# His Majesty's Theatre

His Majesty's Theatre may refer to:
* Her Majesty's Theatre, Brisbane, Australia, known as His Majesty's Theatre 1901–1952, demolished 1983
* His Majesty's Theatre, London, England, known as Her Majesty's Theatre 1952–2023
* His Majesty's Theatre, Aberdeen, Scotland
* His Majesty's Theatre, Melbourne, Australia
* His Majesty's Theatre, Perth, Australia
# NBTI

NBTI (with different capitalizations) may refer to:
* Negative-bias temperature instability, a reliability issue in integrated circuits design
* Niobium-titanium (NbTi), an industrially used superconducting alloy
# Isidoro Acevedo

Isidoro Acevedo may refer to:
* a poem by Jorge Luis Borges commemorating his grandfather Isidoro de Acevedo Laprida
* Isidoro Acevedo (communist) (1867–1952), Spanish communist
# A Century Is Not Enough

A Century is Not Enough: My Roller-coaster Ride to Success (2018) is an English autobiography written by former Indian cricketer and captain Sourav Ganguly with Gautam Bhattacharya. The book was first published by Juggernaut on 24 February 2018.

## Plot

In this book Ganguly discussed his cricketing career in details. He has discussed different phases of his cricketing career including several foreign tours, World Cups, and IPL.