OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Captain Compass

Captain Compass is a character in the DC Comics universe first appearing in 1948 in an issue of Star Spangled Comics, as a replacement for the original Robotman strip.
The early stories of naval detective Captain Compass were primarily detective fiction, but later stories included elements of the paranormal.
His design was created by artist Jimmy Thompson, though the writer who originally created him (if this was not also Thompson) is unknown.

## Fictional biography

A former private detective, Mark Compass is hired by the Penny Steamship Lines shipping company as a troubleshooter. In his early appearances his adventures take places aboard the fictional SS Nautilus, but later stories have Compass in other settings. At various points in his career, he is depicted as being employed in different, generally naval contexts; for example, in one strip he is demoted to steamship captain. He fights criminals, pirates and people who live on lost islands.

## Publication history

* Star Spangled Comics #83-130 (Aug. 1948 - July 1952)
* World's Finest Comics #63 (March/April 1953)
* Detective Comics #203-224 (Jan. 1954 - Oct. 1955)
* Detective Comics #500 (March 1981)
Early stories in Star Spangled Comics are almost exclusively detective fiction on the high seas. In later issues, an element of the supernatural is introduced. This first occurs in Star Spangled Comics #96, in which Captain Compass and his ship sail through a whirlpool to another dimension, or possibly time-travel. Other adventures include conflicts with mechanical whales and prehistoric dinosaurs. Though created by Jimmy Thompson, the regular penciller on these Compass strips was Paul Norris.
When Star Spangled Comics switched formats, the Captain Compass feature was replaced by one starring Doctor Thirteen The Compass feature was revived in World's Finest Comics the following year. After this, his features switches to Detective Comics, where it remained until its final entry, in Detective Comics #224 (Oct. 1955). His feature was replaced by one starring the new character Martian Manhunter.

## Modern appearances

Captain Compass appeared alongside the Martian Manhunter / J'onn J'onnz when J'onnz signed onto Compass' ship to investigate the murder of a sea captain's daughter. Compass also aided the Justice League after the departure of Green Arrow.
Captain Compass appeared sporadically in subsequent issues of Detective Comics, including #500 (March 1981) where he joined forces with other detective characters such as Slam Bradley and the Human Target to solve one last case. After this issue, he appears in a DC Comics reprint set, Best of DC Digest in 1982. His grandson Martin Compass, a podcaster, appears in Detective Comics #1027 (Nov. 2020).
# John Hilling

John Hilling (1822 – 14 August 1894) was a British painter who lived and worked in America.
He moved from Britain to America in the 1840s, settling in the town of Bath, Maine. In 1864 he enlisted as a private in the army during the American Civil War, but was invalided out a year later with a spinal injury.
On his return to Bath he made a living as an interior decorator, moving to Charlestown, Massachusetts in 1873, but moving back to Wells, Maine a few years later.
He died in Wells in 1894 and was buried in Bath. He had married twice and had at least 3 children, two of whom died young.
As an artist he is best known for his paintings of the town of Bath, particularly the series of three history paintings based on the burning of the old South Church in Bath by anti-Catholic rioters.

## Selected works

* The Old South Church, 1854, oil on canvas, 49 x 70 cm, Barbara L. Gordon Collection
* Looting the Old South Church, 1854, oil on canvas, 44 x 60 cm, Barbara L. Gordon Collection
* Burning of Old South Church, Bath, Maine, 1854, oil on canvas, 44 x 60 cm, ID: 1958.9.7 National Gallery of Art, Washington, USA NGA
# Caparaó hocicudo

The Caparaó hocicudo (Oxymycterus caparaoe) is a rodent species from South America. It is endemic to Brazil where it is found in the Pico da Bandeira mountain range.

## Description

The Caparaó hocicudo grows to a head-and-body length of between 110 and 139 mm (4.3 and 5.5 in), with a moderately long tail of between 80 and 104 mm (3.1 and 4.1 in). The hind feet, including the claws, are 27 to 31 mm (1.06 to 1.22 in) long and the ears are 18 to 20 mm (0.71 to 0.79 in). The snout is elongated making the head long and narrow. The fur is rather long and lax. The dorsal hairs have grey bases, orange midsections and blackish tips, giving an overall dark brown colour. The flanks have a wider orange band giving them a paler appearance. The underparts are orange, the individual hairs having grey bases. The upper surfaces of the hind feet are greyish brown.

## Distribution and habitat

The Caparaó hocicudo is found only in the Pico da Bandeira mountain range on the border between Espírito Santo and Minas Gerais states at altitudes between about 2,100 and 2,400 m (6,900 and 7,900 ft). This mountain range is completely isolated from other mountain areas and is surrounded by lower lying land. These mountains are topped by cool, moist grassland and this hocicudo is plentiful in areas of bunchgrass (Cortaderia spp) and Andean bamboo (Chusquea).
# Irish Women's Citizens Association

The Irish Women's Citizens Association was an influential non-governmental organisation created in 1923 to advocate for women's rights in the aftermath of the Irish War of Independence and the Irish Civil War. Originally known as the Irish Women's Citizens' and Local Government Association, it was the result of a merger between the Irish Women's Suffrage and Local Government Association and the Irish Women's Association of Citizenship. The aim of the new society was to “bring together all Irishwomen of all politics and all creeds for the study and practice of good citizenship”. Members of the Irish Women's Citizens Association were usually urban, middle class women who were educated. Many of them were feminists who had been involved in the suffrage movement as members of the Irish Women's Suffrage and Local Government Association that stayed involved with activism after suffrage was achieved. They believed all women were full citizens, and they worked to protect their rights as citizens. The association was active for three decades and advocated on key laws passed by the Irish Free State in its first decades of independence. In 1949 the IWCA merged with the Irish Housewives Association.

## Campaigns
### Civil Service Regulation Bill

In 1925 the association began a successful campaign against the Civil Service Regulation (Amendment) Bill. This law would have prohibited women from advancing into the higher ranks of the civil service. A 1926 statement by the organisation explained their opposition: "In the view of the women’s organisations, the question is one of principle. To them, the test for appointment to any office should be the fitness of the candidate to discharge the duties of that office – the question asked should be, not are these candidates men or women, but are they competent to do the work." The Irish Women's Citizens Association worked with other feminist groups, and through the use of letters to the editor and a circular sent to the Dail, the Civil Service Regulation bill was suspended. Due to the advocacy of the Irish Women's Citizens Association the Irish Senate rejected the bill.

### Civil Service Amendment Act and Juries Bill

The group was involved in other significant campaigns. In 1927 the government proposed the Civil Service Amendment Act and the Juries Bill which exempted women from jury duty. The association argued against the Juries Act on the grounds that as citizens, women had a right to participate in public life, and that women would be beneficial to the legal system as jurors. The association joined with other groups to protest this law. They wrote letters to the editor and to all the members of the Dail. However, they were unsuccessful and women were excluded from jury duty by default.

### Irish Criminal Law Amendment Act

In 1934, the organisation called for the elimination of section 17 of the Irish Criminal Law Amendment Act which prohibited the sale of contraceptives. The group was unsuccessful and the sale of contraceptives in Ireland remained outlawed until the end of the century.
# Fuck You, Aloha, I Love You

Fuck You, Aloha, I Love You is a collection of poems by Juliana Spahr. First published by Wesleyan University Press in 2001.
# Red-capped plover

The red-capped plover (Anarhynchus ruficapillus), also known as the red-capped dotterel, is a small species of plover.
It breeds in Australia. This species is closely related to (and sometimes considered conspecific with) the Kentish plover, Javan plover, and white-fronted plover.

## Description

Red-capped plovers have a white forehead and underparts. Their upperparts are mainly grey-brown. Adult males have a rufous or reddish-brown crown and hindneck. Adult females have a paler rufous and grey-brown crown and hindneck, with a pale loreal stripe. The upperwing of Charadrius ruficapillus shows dark brown remiges (flight feathers) and primary covert feathers with a white wingbar in flight. Its length is 14–16 cm (5.5–6.3 in) and its wingspan is 27–34 cm (10.6–13.4 in); it weighs 35–40 g (1.2–1.4 oz).
Breeding plumage shows a red-brown crown and nape with black margins. Non-breeding plumage is duller and lacks the black margins.

## Distribution and habitat

The red-capped plover is widespread in Australia; it is a vagrant to New Zealand, although it bred there for some time in small numbers from 1950–1980. The species occupies a range of coastal and inland habitats, including estuaries, bays, beaches, sandflats, and mudflats; inland saline wetlands. It is also found in inland wetland areas with bare ground.

## Food

The red-capped plover feeds mostly on small invertebrates, especially molluscs, crustaceans, and worms.

## Breeding

The red-capped plover is a seasonal breeder on the coasts of Australia, but breeds in response to unpredictable rains inland. The plover nests on the ground close to wetlands; the nest is a small depression in the ground, with minimal or no lining. The clutch of two pale yellowish-brown eggs are speckled with black spots. The Incubation period is 30 days; incubating is mainly done by the female. Upon hatching, the young are open-eyed, mobile, and relatively mature (precocial); they flee the nest shortly after birth (nidifugous).

## Conservation

With a large range and no evidence of significant population decline, this species' conservation status is of Least Concern.
# Multiplicative independence

In number theory, two positive integers a and b are said to be multiplicatively independent if their only common integer power is 1. That is, for integers n and m, $a^{n}=b^{m}$ implies $n=m=0$. Two integers which are not multiplicatively independent are said to be multiplicatively dependent.
As examples, 36 and 216 are multiplicatively dependent since $36^{3}=(6^{2})^{3}=(6^{3})^{2}=216^{2}$, whereas 2 and 3 are multiplicatively independent.

## Properties

Being multiplicatively independent admits some other characterizations. a and b are multiplicatively independent if and only if $\log(a)/\log(b)$ is irrational. This property holds independently of the base of the logarithm.
Let $a=p_{1}^{\alpha _{1}}p_{2}^{\alpha _{2}}\cdots p_{k}^{\alpha _{k}}$ and $b=q_{1}^{\beta _{1}}q_{2}^{\beta _{2}}\cdots q_{l}^{\beta _{l}}$ be the canonical representations of a and b. The integers a and b are multiplicatively dependent if and only if k = l, $p_{i}=q_{i}$ and ${\frac {\alpha _{i}}{\beta _{i}}}={\frac {\alpha _{j}}{\beta _{j}}}$ for all i and j.

## Applications

Büchi arithmetic in base a and b define the same sets if and only if a and b are multiplicatively dependent.
Let a and b be multiplicatively dependent integers, that is, there exists n,m>1 such that $a^{n}=b^{m}$. The integers c such that the length of its expansion in base a is at most m are exactly the integers such that the length of their expansion in base b is at most n. It implies that computing the base b expansion of a number, given its base a expansion, can be done by transforming consecutive sequences of m base a digits into consecutive sequence of n base b digits.
# Japanese torpedo boat Kiji

Two Japanese warships have borne the name Kiji:
* Japanese torpedo boat Kiji (1903), a Hayabusa-class torpedo boat launched in 1903 and stricken in 1923
* Japanese torpedo boat Kiji (1937), an Ōtori-class torpedo boat launched in 1937 and ceded to Russia as Vnimatel'nyy in 1947 .
# Nicholas J. Miller

Nicholas J. Miller is an American Professor of History at Boise State University.
Miller received a B.A. in History from UC Santa Barbara and his M.A. and PhD from Indiana University. Miller's work and research focuses on the lands of the former Yugoslavia. He has received fellowships from the International Research and Exchanges Board, the Andrew W. Mellon Foundation, American Council of Learned Societies, and Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars. He has written articles on Croatian and Serbian history.
Miller has written two books on the former Yugoslavia. Between Nation and State: Serbian Politics in Croatia Before the First World War narrates politics in Croatia prior to World War I. The Nonconformists: Culture, Politics, and Nationalism in a Serbian Cultural Circle, 1944-1991 looks at the role of Serbian intellectuals in political change in Yugoslavia and Serbia post-World War II, focusing on three individuals; novelist Dobrica Ćosić, painter Mića Popović and literary critic Borislav Mihajlović Mihiz.

## Selected works
### Books

* Between Nation and State: Serbian Politics in Croatia Before the First World War. University of Pittsburgh Press, 1997. ISBN 978-0-82297-722-3
* The Nonconformists: Culture, Politics, and Nationalism in a Serbian Intellectual Circle, 1944-1991. Central European University Press, 2007. ISBN 978-9-63732-693-6

### Chapters in books

* "Yugoslavia" in Chronology of 20th-Century Eastern European History. Edited by Gregory C. Ference. Gale Research, Inc., 1994. ISBN 978-0-81038-879-6
* "Return Engagement: Intellectuals and Nationalism in Tito's Yugoslavia" in State Collapse in South-Eastern Europe: New Perspectives on Yugoslavia's Disintegration. Edited by Lenard J. Cohen & Jasna Dragović-Soso. Purdue University Press, 2008. ISBN 978-1-55753-460-6
* "Where Was the Serbian Havel?" in The End and the Beginning: The Revolutions of 1989 and the Resurgence of History. Edited by Vladimir Tismaneanu & Bogdan C. Iacob. Central European University Press, 2012. ISBN 978-6-15505-365-8

### Articles in journals

* "The Children of Cain: Dobrica Ćosić's Serbia" in East European Politics & Societies. University of California Press, 2000. doi:10.1177/0888325400014002003
* "Mihiz in the Sixties: Politics and Drama Between Nationalism and Authoritarianism" in Nationalities Papers. Cambridge University Press, 2002. doi:10.1080/00905992.2002.10540509
* "Nationalism and Policymaking in the Balkans" in Georgetown Journal of International Affairs, vol. 7, no. 2. Georgetown University Press, 2006.
# Per Brandtzæg

Per Brandtzæg (9 June 1936 – 11 September 2016) was a Norwegian dentist.
He was a professor of medicine at the University of Oslo. In November 2006 he was proclaimed Commander of the Order of St. Olav in recognition of his work. He was a member of the Norwegian Academy of Science and Letters.
He was also known to the general public as a proponent to retry the case of Fredrik Fasting Torgersen.
# Apaegocera

Apaegocera is a genus of moths of the family Noctuidae. The genus was erected by George Hampson in 1905.

## Species

* Apaegocera argyrogramma Hampson, 1905
* Apaegocera aurantipennis Hampson, 1912
# Caparde

Caparde may refer to:
* Caparde, Osmaci, a village in Osmaci, Bosnia and Herzegovina
* Caparde (Lukavac), a village in Lukavac, Bosnia and Herzegovina
# Canton of Nice-8

The canton of Nice-8 is an administrative division of the Alpes-Maritimes department, southeastern France. Its borders were modified at the French canton reorganisation which came into effect in March 2015. Its seat is in Nice.
It consists of the following communes:
# John Clerk

John Clerk may refer to:
* John Clerk (fl. 1414), MP for Reading
* John Clerk (fl. 1419–1421), MP for Shaftesbury, perhaps also an attorney or yeoman
* John Clerk (bishop) (died 1541), former bishop of Bath and Wells
* John Clerk of Eldin (1728–1812), Scottish Enlightenment figure, artist, and author of An Essay on Naval Tactics
* John Clerk (writer) (died 1552), English Roman Catholic writer
* John Clerk, Lord Eldin (1757–1832), Scottish judge
* John Clarke (physician, 1582–1653), English physician. His last name was also spelt Clerk.
* John Clerk (physician) (1689–1757), Scottish physician
* Clerk baronets
** John Clerk of Penicuik (1611–1674), Scottish merchant
** Sir John Clerk, 1st Baronet (died 1722), Member of the Parliament of Scotland
** Sir John Clerk, 2nd Baronet (1676–1755), Scottish lawyer, judge, and composer
** Sir John Clerk, 5th Baronet (1736–1798), Royal Navy officer
# Multiplicative order

In number theory, given a positive integer n and an integer a coprime to n, the multiplicative order of a modulo n is the smallest positive integer k such that a$^k$ ≡ 1(modn){\textstyle a^{k}\ \equiv \ 1{\pmod {n}}}.
In other words, the multiplicative order of a modulo n is the order of a in the multiplicative group of the units in the ring of the integers modulo n.
The order of a modulo n is sometimes written as $\operatorname {ord} _{n}(a)$.

## Example

The powers of 4 modulo 7 are as follows:
    ${\begin{array}{llll}4^{0}&=1&=0\times 7+1&\equiv 1{\pmod {7}}\\4^{1}&=4&=0\times 7+4&\equiv 4{\pmod {7}}\\4^{2}&=16&=2\times 7+2&\equiv 2{\pmod {7}}\\4^{3}&=64&=9\times 7+1&\equiv 1{\pmod {7}}\\4^{4}&=256&=36\times 7+4&\equiv 4{\pmod {7}}\\4^{5}&=1024&=146\times 7+2&\equiv 2{\pmod {7}}\\\vdots \end{array}}$
The smallest positive integer k such that 4$^k$ ≡ 1 (mod 7) is 3, so the order of 4 (mod 7) is 3.

## Properties

Even without knowledge that we are working in the multiplicative group of integers modulo n, we can show that a actually has an order by noting that the powers of a can only take a finite number of different values modulo n, so according to the pigeonhole principle there must be two powers, say s and t and without loss of generality s > t, such that a$^s$ ≡ a$^t$ (mod n). Since a and n are coprime, a has an inverse element a$^{−1}$ and we can multiply both sides of the congruence with a$^{−t}$, yielding a$^{s−t}$ ≡ 1 (mod n).
The concept of multiplicative order is a special case of the order of group elements. The multiplicative order of a number a modulo n is the order of a in the multiplicative group whose elements are the residues modulo n of the numbers coprime to n, and whose group operation is multiplication modulo n. This is the group of units of the ring Z$_n$; it has φ(n) elements, φ being Euler's totient function, and is denoted as U(n) or U(Z$_n$).
As a consequence of Lagrange's theorem, the order of a (mod n) always divides φ(n). If the order of a is actually equal to φ(n), and therefore as large as possible, then a is called a primitive root modulo n. This means that the group U(n) is cyclic and the residue class of a generates it.
The order of a (mod n) also divides λ(n), a value of the Carmichael function, which is an even stronger statement than the divisibility of φ(n).

## Programming languages

* Maxima CAS : zn_order (a, n)
* Wolfram Language : MultiplicativeOrder[k, n]
* Rosetta Code - examples of multiplicative order in various languages
# Nicholas J. Pirro

Nicholas J. Pirro Jr. (born May 29, 1940) is a New York politician most notable for having served as county executive of Onondaga County, New York.
Pirro was born on Syracuse's North Side to Nicholas Sr. and Camille. He attended Our Lady of Pompeii School and Christian Brothers Academy and graduated from Le Moyne College in 1964 with a degree in business management. He entered politics at age 22, serving as campaign manager for a bowling alley operator who was running for the Onondaga County Board of Supervisors. He served one term as supervisor and ten terms as county legislator.
He served as Chairman of the County Legislature starting in 1980. After his predecessor announced his retirement in 1987, Pirro clinched the Republican nomination for County Executive and won the November election He served a total of five terms in office.
The Onondaga County Convention Center is named in his honor.
# John Kjargaard

John Ingvard Kjargaard (September 13, 1902 – July 31, 1992) was a Danish-American painter, printmaker and collage artist.

## Biography

Kjargaard was born at Herning, Denmark and moved to the United States at an early age. He studied art at Cooper Union in New York City and continued his studies at the University of California, Berkeley, and later with Josef Albers at the University of Hawaii. While still a student, he went to work during summer vacation in the art department of a San Francisco engraving firm, which led to his start as a color etcher.
In 1937, he came to Honolulu under a year's contract as a photo-engraver working for Paradise of the Pacific magazine. He became a permanent employee of the firm and remained in Hawaii. He exhibited annually at the Honolulu Academy of Arts from 1940. He was a teacher at University of Hawaii art department from 1968.
His acrylic on canvas painting, On the Road to Hana, from 1976, is in the collection of the Honolulu Museum of Art. It demonstrates his semi-abstract style, which emphasizes the interaction of colors and the equal importance of positive and negative space.
The Hawaii State Art Museum, the Honolulu Museum of Art, The Library of Congress (Washington, D.C.), and the Mint Museum of Art (Charlotte, North Carolina), and are among the public collections holding work by John Ingvard Kjargaard.
# Joey Serlin

Joey Serlin (born 1970) is a Canadian rock guitarist and songwriter.
He was a member of The Watchmen, a Canadian alternative rock band active in the 1990s. Following that band's breakup, he worked with Canadian Idol winners Ryan Malcolm and Kalan Porter, and formed the band Redline with Watchmen touring drummer Ryan Ahoff and Headstones bassist Tim White, although that band broke up in 2005. He has scored both short and feature films, as well as composing music for major video games.
Serlin is partner, composer and director for Vapor music, an award-winning audio house with offices in Toronto, Vancouver, Chicago, and San Francisco. While at Vapor, Serlin has composed music for international commercials for brands such as Budweiser, Coke, Nintendo, GM, Nissan and Chrysler.
The Watchmen reunited in September 2009 for select shows and are working on new material.
# Iranaipalai

Iranaipalai [Tamil: இரணைப்பாலை] is a village in Mullaitivu District, Sri Lanka.
# Canton of Nogent-le-Rotrou

The canton of Nogent-le-Rotrou is an administrative division of the Eure-et-Loir department, northern France. Its borders were modified at the French canton reorganisation which came into effect in March 2015. Its seat is in Nogent-le-Rotrou.
It consists of the following communes:
* Arcisses
* Argenvilliers
* Belhomert-Guéhouville
* Champrond-en-Gâtine
* Champrond-en-Perchet
* Chassant
* Combres
* Les Corvées-les-Yys
* La Croix-du-Perche
* Fontaine-Simon
* La Gaudaine
* Happonvilliers
* La Loupe
* Manou
* Marolles-les-Buis
* Meaucé
* Montireau
* Montlandon
* Nogent-le-Rotrou
* Nonvilliers-Grandhoux
* Saint-Éliph
* Saintigny
* Saint-Jean-Pierre-Fixte
* Saint-Maurice-Saint-Germain
* Saint-Victor-de-Buthon
* Souancé-au-Perche
* Thiron-Gardais
* Trizay-Coutretot-Saint-Serge
* Vaupillon
* Vichères