# Gwandu

Gwandu, also called Gando, is a town and emirate in Kebbi State, Nigeria. The seat of government for the emirate and district of this name is in Birnin Kebbi, which is the capital of Kebbi State and was capital of the historical Kingdom of Kebbi. Founded in the sixteenth century by the Kabbawa, a Hausa people Gwandu today acts as one of the four emirates composing Kebbi State.
The town became important during the Fulani jihad, and from 1815 it was one of the two capitals of the Fulani empire until it came under British control in 1903.

## History

The name "Gwandu" derives from the Hausa word gandu, which translates to "royal farmlands." The town's origins can be traced back to its earlier days as a small village under the leadership of the royal farmer of Kanta Kotal, who was the first King of Kebbi who reigned from 1517 to 1561. Over time, the village developed and expanded, eventually becoming a town. One of the factors contributing to the growth of Gwandu was its favorable geographical location and the presence of fertile lands. The area boasted rich pasturelands, which attracted Fulani pastoralists to settle there.
After the Kebbi expedition during the Sokoto jihad, Gwandu emerged as a significant and permanent base for Usman dan Fodio and his followers. Recognizing the strategic importance of the town, Muhammad Bello ordered the construction of a protective wall around the town in 1806. This defensive wall aimed to fortify the city and enhance its security against potential external threats. Although Usman eventually departed from Gwandu, the town retained its significance within the context of the jihad. It became the capital of the newly established Gwandu emirate under the leadership of Abdullahi dan Fodio. The geographical location of Gwandu, nestled in a valley with surrounding ridges, provided natural advantages for defense against external attacks. The town's topography further contributed to its status as a stronghold.$^{:56}$

### Emirs of Gwandu

Emirs :
| Name | Life | Reign | Notes |
| Abdullahi dan Fodio | 1766–1829/30 | 1808–1829/30 | brother of Usman dan Fodio |
| Muhammad Wani | –1833 | 1829/30–1833 | son of Abdullahi dan Fodio |
| Ibrahim Halilu | –1858 | 1833–1858 | son of Abdullahi dan Fodio |
| Haliru | –1858 | 1858–1860 | son of Abdullahi dan Fodio. Was killed in battle |
| Aliyu | –1864 | 1860–1864 | son of Abdullahi dan Fodio. Moved the capital from Gwandu to Ambursa |
| Abdulkadiri | –1868 | 1864–1868 | son of Abdullahi dan Fodio. Made peace with the Kebbawa in 1866 |
| Almustafa | –1875 | 1868–1875 | son of Muhamman. Died during a campaign against Giru |
| Hanafi | –1876 | 1875–1876 | son of Halilu |
| Maliki | –1888 | 1876–1888 | son of Muhamman. Was driven out of Ambursa by the Kebbawa and moved to Gwandu |
| Umaru Bakatara | –1897 | 1888–1897 | son of Ibrahim Halilu |
| Abdullahi Bayero | –1898 | 1897–1898 | son of Muhammad Wani |
| Bayero Aliyu | –May 1903 | 1898–May 1903 | son of Aliyu. Britain colonised the emirate during his reign |
| Muhammadu | | 18 May 1903 – 20 March 1906 | son of Aliyu. Was deposed and arrested after not cooperating with the British administration during the Satiru Rebellion |
| Haliru Abdu | –21 March 1915 | 21 March 1906 – 21 March 1915 | great-grandson of Abdullahi Fodio. He moved the capital to Birnin-Kebbi due to his unpopularity in Gwandu |
| Muhammadu Bashiru | –1918 | 29 April 1915 – 1918 | son of Haliru II |
| Usman | –1938 | 1918–1938 | son of Haliru II |
| Yahaya CBE | –1954 | 1938–1954 | son of Haliru II |
| Haruna Rasheed CFR CMG CBE | 1913–1995 | January 1954– August 1995 | son of Muhammadu Bashiru. Was president of the Northern Region House of Chiefs (1958–1966) |
| Mustapha Jokolo | 6 January 1952– | July 1995–3 June 2005 | son of Haruna. Deposed by then Governor of Kebbi, Adamu Aliero |
| Muhammadu Iliyasu Bashir CFR | 22 April 1941– | 5 June 2005–present | two time Military-Governor of the defunct Gongola State |

## Climate

In contrast to the dry season, which is hot and partially cloudy, the wet season is oppressively hot and cloudy.