OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# How Round Is Your Circle?

How Round Is Your Circle? Where Engineering and Mathematics Meet is a book on the mathematics of physical objects, for a popular audience. It was written by chemical engineer John Bryant and mathematics educator Chris Sangwin, and published by the Princeton University Press in 2008.

## Topics

The book has 13 chapters, whose topics include:
* Lines, the thickness of physically drawn or cut lines, and the problem of testing straightness of physical objects
* The construction of physical measuring and calculating devices including rulers, protractors, pantographs, planimeters, integrators, and slide rules
* Mechanical linkages, pantographs, four-bar linkages, and the problem of converting rotary to linear motion, solved by the Peaucellier–Lipkin linkage and by Hart's inversor
* Geometric dissections, straightedge and compass constructions, angle trisection, and mathematical origami
* The catenary and the tractrix, curves formed from physical forces, and their use in bridges and bearings
* Approximation by rational numbers, discretization and pixelization, gear ratios, and the approximations involved in calendar systems
* The roundness of objects, non-circular objects of constant width, including the Reuleaux triangle and certain coins, and their use in drilling square holes
* Stability and mechanical equilibrium of objects, overhanging objects and the block-stacking problem, supereggs, and objects with only one stable resting position (unfortunately not including the Gömböc, which was discovered too recently to be included)
The book emphasizes the construction of physical models, and includes many plates of the authors' own models, detailed construction plans, and illustrations.

## Audience and reception

Doug Manchester characterizes the topic of the book as "recreational engineering". It only requires a standard background in mathematics including basic geometry, trigonometry, and a small amount of calculus. Owen Smith calls it "a great book for engineers and mathematicians, as well as the interested lay person", writing that it is particularly good at laying bare the mathematical foundations of seemingly-simple problems. Similarly, Ronald Huston recommends it to "mathematicians, engineers, and physicists", as well as interested members of the general public.
Matthew Killeya writes approvingly of the book's intuitive explanations for its calculations and the motivation it adds to the mathematics it applies. However, although reviewer Tim Erickson calls the book "exuberant and eclectic", reviewers Andrew Whelan and William Satzer disagree, both finding fault with the book's lack of focus.
# 1981 Greenlandic Men's Football Championship

The 1981 Greenlandic Men's Football Championship was the 11th edition of the Greenlandic Men's Football Championship. The final round was held in Sisimiut. It was won by Nuuk IL for the second time in its history.

## Final standings

| Position | Team |
| 1st | Nuuk IL |
| 2nd | Nagdlunguaq-48 |
| 3rd | Siumut Amerdlok Kunuk |
| 4th | B-67 Nuuk |
| 5th | Umanak BK 68 |
| 6th | Kissaviarsuk-33 |
# Peter Norbeck Summer House

The Peter Norbeck Summer House, in Custer State Park near Custer, South Dakota, was built in 1927. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1977. It has also been known as Valhalla.
It is a large one-and-a-half-story log house with saddle-notched corners.
It was deemed significant for its architecture and for its association with Peter Norbeck (1870-1936), a Progressive politician and two-term governor of South Dakota.
# Hata Assembly constituency

Hata is a constituency of the Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly covering the Hata Nagar Palika in the Kushinagar district of Uttar Pradesh, India.
Hata is one of five assembly constituencies in the Kushi Nagar Lok Sabha constituency. Since 2008, this assembly constituency is numbered 334 amongst 403 constituencies.
This seat belonged to Bharatiya Janta Party candidate Pawan Kedia, who won in last Assembly election of 2017 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Elections by defeating Samajwadi Party candidate Radheshyam Singh by a margin of 53,076 votes.

## Members of Legislative Assembly

| Year | Member | Party |
| 1957 | Surya Bali | Indian National Congress |
| 1962 | Bankey Lal | Praja Socialist Party |
| 1967 | Raja Ram | Indian National Congress |
| 1969 | Bankey Lal | Samyukta Socialist Party |
| 1974 | Gulab Chand Sonkar | Indian National Congress |
| 1977 | Basant | Janata Party |
| 1980 | Kuber | Janata Party (Secular) |
| 1985 | Videshi Prasad Bharti | Indian National Congress |
| 1989 | Kripa Shankar Arya | Janata Dal |
| 1991 | Ramapati | Bharatiya Janata Party |
| 1993 | Ramapati | Bharatiya Janata Party |
| 1996 | Ram Nakshatra | Janata Dal |
| 2002 | Ramapati | Bharatiya Janata Party |
| 2007 | Ramapati | Bharatiya Janata Party |
| 2012 | Radheshyam Singh | Samajwadi Party |
| 2017 | Pawan Kedia | Bharatiya Janata Party |
| 2022 | Mohan Verma | Bharatiya Janata Party |

## Election results

2012 Assembly elections: Hata :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | SP | Radheshyam Singh | 55,591 | 30.02 |
| | BSP | Virendra | 38,923 | 21.02 |
| | Independent | Jamwanti | 27,388 | 14.19 |
| | BJP | Jaswant Alias Atul | 9,389 | 5.07 |
| | PECP | Kashinath | 9,081 | 4.90 |
| | Independent | Pawan Kedia | 8,914 | 4.81 |
| | INC | Ram Ashrya | 6,588 | 3.56 |
| | SBSP | Anshuman | 6,328 | 3.42 |
| | | Remaining 17 Candidates | 22,986 | 12.41 |
| Majority | Majority | Majority | 16,668 | 9.0 |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 1,85,188 | 56.81 |
| | SP gain from BJP | SP gain from BJP | Swing | |
2022 Assembly elections: Hata :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | BJP | Mohan Verma | 120,666 | 55.7 | |
| | Right to Recall Party Party | Shailendra Pratap Singh | 560 | 0.26 | |
# I Hear a Sweet Voice Calling

I Hear A Sweet Voice Calling is a song written and originally recorded by Bill Monroe, who sang lead and also added a tenor harmony to the chorus in his October 27, 1947 recording on the Columbia Records label. It appears on his album Blue Moon of Kentucky.

## Themes and reception

The song is about a dying girl who faces the sure prospect of going to heaven, with the opening lyrics; "Our little girl had taken sick one evening as she walked home from school and then her deathbed soon claimed her, it made us so sad and so blue. As Robert Cantwell put it in his book Bluegrass breakdown: the making of the old southern sound, "the sick child leaves the world with a rebuke to her parents, whose tears imply that their faith has been shaken." In the recording, Joe Val sang in falsetto on this song; he was a strong tenor on most songs. Bluegrass Unlimited said "His songs were at once tragic and filled with a radiant life force, in music as heart-wrenchingly old-fashioned as "I Hear A Sweet Voice Calling". Monroe has also performed it live with the Osborne Brothers and it was described "achingly beautiful yet electrically exciting music, ruefully outdated by time."

## Elvis Presley recording

Elvis Presley recorded a brief, rough version on 4 December 1956 and had also recorded Monroe's other songs such as Blue Moon of Kentucky, Little Cabin on the Hill, Summertime Has Passed and Gone and Sweetheart, You Done Me Wrong. Elvis was a major fan of bluegrass artist Monroe. Elvis altered Monroe's original waltz time to a rocking 4/4 boogie beat and claimed that it was songs such as I Hear A Sweet Voice Calling which were of major importance in the development of rock and roll.
# Hydrogenotroph

Hydrogenotrophs are organisms that are able to metabolize molecular hydrogen as a source of energy.
An example of hydrogenotrophy is performed by carbon dioxide-reducing organisms which use CO$_2$ and H$_2$ to produce methane (CH$_4$) by the following reaction:
Other hydrogenotrophic metabolic pathways include acetogenesis, sulfate reduction, and other hydrogen oxidizing bacteria. Those that metabolize methane are called methanogenic. Hydrogenotrophs belong to a group of organisms known as methanogens, organisms that carry out anaerobic processes that are responsible for the production of methane through carbon dioxide reduction. Methanogens also include a group of organisms called methylotrophs, organisms that can use single-carbon molecules or molecules with no carbon-carbon bonds.

## Background Information

Hydrogenotrophic bacteria were first experimented with by NASA in the 1960s in order to find a replenishable food source. Hydrogenotrophic bacteria have been found to have a high protein and carbohydrate content and have been a guiding principle in developing sustainable agricultural methods. Experimentation has revealed that hydrogenotrophic bacteria can convert carbon dioxide into food more rapidly than plants, making them an efficient and sustainable alternative to implement into plant-based high-protein diets and as a substitute in products that use plant extracts and oils.
In September 2022, finnish biotech startup Solar Foods received its first food regulatory approval from the Singapore Food Agency (SFA) for a protein supplement (Solein) derived from hydrogenotrophic microorganisms, and has since started production in a commercial-scale facility.
Hydrogenotrophs are commonly found in the human gut, along with other fermentative bacteria which live in symbiosis with one another. They are also found in soils and in sediments of freshwater and marine ecosystems around the world.
# Pervez Iqbal

Pervez Iqbal (26 December 1975 – 11 March 2002) was a Pakistani cricketer. Iqbal was a left-handed batsman who bowled with his right-arm medium pace. He was born at Rawalpindi, Punjab.
Iqbal made his first-class debut for Rawalpindi against Faisalabad in 1993/94 season. Iqbal represented the main Rawalpindi team in first-class cricket from the 1993/94 to 2000/01, as well as Rawalpindi B from 1994/95-1995/96. His final first-class match came for the main Rawalpindi team against Lahore Blues in 2001. In total, from 1993/94 to 2000/01 he played 20 first-class matches. In these matches he scored a total of 602 runs at a batting average of 20.06, with 4 half centuries and a high score of 76. With the ball he took 46 wickets at a bowling average of 25.71, with a single five wicket haul which resulted in his best figures of 5/59.
Iqbal also made his debut in List A cricket for Rawalpindi in the 1993/94 season against Faisalabad. Iqbal represented the main Rawalpindi team in List A cricket 11 times from the 1993/94 to 1999/2000 season. In addition, he also represented Rawalpindi A in 8 matches during the 1995/96 season. His final List-A match for a Rawalpindi team came against Islamabad in March 2000. During the 2000 English cricket season, Iqbal played a single List A match for the Derbyshire Cricket Board in the 2000 NatWest Trophy against the Gloucestershire Cricket Board. In his total of 20 List A matches, he scored 212 runs at an average of 15.14, with a single half century high score of 56. With the ball he took 25 wickets at an average of 22.32, with a single five wicket haul which gave him best figures of 5/22.
Iqbal died in Rawalpindi, Punjab on 11 March 2002 from a rare pollen allergy.
# H Scorpii

H Scorpii (H Sco) is a single star in the southern constellation Scorpius. It is faintly visible to the naked eye with an apparent visual magnitude of 4.18. The star is located at a distance of approximately 343 light-years from the Sun based on parallax measurements, but is drifting closer with a radial velocity of −2 km/s. This star was initially given the Bayer designation Beta Normae by Lacaille but it was later reassigned from Norma to Scorpius.
This is an aging giant star with a stellar classification of K6III. After exhausting the supply of hydrogen at its core, this star cooled and expanded off the main sequence. It now has around 53 times the radius of the Sun. The star is about 2.2 billion years old with only a mild level of magnetic activity, and is spinning with a projected rotational velocity of 3.1 km/s. It is radiating 4–600 times the Sun's luminosity from its enlarged photosphere at an effective temperature of 3,875 K.
# Carex johnstonii

Carex johnstonii is a tussock-forming species of perennial sedge in the family Cyperaceae. It is native to parts of central and eastern Africa.
The species was first formally described by the botanist Johann Otto Boeckeler in 1886 as a part of the work Botanische Jahrbücher für Systematik, Pflanzengeschichte und Pflanzengeographie.
# Mount Apoi Geopark

The Mount Apoi Geopark (アポイ岳ジオパーク) is a geopark covering the whole territory of Samani in Japan's northern island of Hokkaidō. The area was declared a Japanese Geopark in 2008, and a UNESCO Global Geopark in 2015.

## Geology

Mount Apoi is part of the Hidaka Mountains, a mountain range in southeastern Hokkaidō which was formed from a collision between two continental plates 13 million years ago. The relatively fresh peridotites on and around Mt. Apoi offer a rare visible glimpse of the Earth's mantle, thrust up from the depths of the earth by global-scale dynamic ground movement.

## Vegetation

Mt. Apoi provides habitats for alpine vegetation due to its unique soil, weather and geographical conditions. It is home to Hidakaso (Callianthemum miyabeanum) and a host of other endemic species. The area's alpine plant communities have been collectively designated as a Special Natural Monument of Japan.
# Md. Yousuf

Md Yousuf (died 17 February 2018) was a Bangladesh Awami League politician. He served as a Jatiya Sangsad member from the Chittagong-7 constituency representing the Communist Party of Bangladesh. He later joined the Awami League.

## Personal life

Yousuf was a bachelor.
# Mount Tengu

Mount Tengu (天狗岳, Tengu-dake) is a mountain on the border of Chino and Koumi of Nagano in Japan. This mountain is the highest mountains of Northern Yatsugatake Volcanic Group, and consists of two peaks, Mount Nishi Tengu, 2,646 m (8,681 ft) and Mount Higashi Tengu, 2,640 m (8,661 ft). Mount Tengu is named for the mythical Tengu of Japanese folklore.

## Description

Mount Tengu is a stratovolcano. The mountain forms part of Yatsugatake-Chūshin Kōgen Quasi-National Park, and is one of Japan's 200 most famous mountains (日本二百名山, Nihon nihyaku meizan).
Mount Neishi, 2,603 m (8,540 ft), is located just to the south of Mount Hisashi Tengu. Mount Naka (中山, Naka yama), 2,496 m (8,189 ft), is located to the north of Mount Hisashi Tengu.

## Access

* Shibunoyu Bus Stop (渋の湯バス亭, Shibunoyu basu tei) or Tatsunokanmae Bus Stop (辰野館前バス亭, Tatsunokanmae basu tei) of Alpico Kōtsū from Chino Station

## Mountain Climbing

The main traverse route of the Yatsugatake Mountain Range passes through the eastern summit of Mount Tengu. In addition, there are mountain trails on the western side of Mount Tengu from Shibunoyu, 1,880 m (6,168 ft), in Oku-Tateshina Onsen Village and from Karasawa Kosen, and on the eastern side from Inakoyu via Honzawa Onsen.
A mountain hut, Kuroyuri Hutte, 2,400 m (7,874 ft), is located at Kuroyuridaira, just west of Nakayama Pass (中山峠, Nakayamatōge), where the mountain trail from Shibunoyu joins the main traverse route. The trail is approximately 2.5 hours from Shibunoyu to Kuroyuri Hutte, and then 90 minutes to Higashi Tengu. Nishi Tengu is a further 20 minutes. Kuroyuri Hutte is open year-round.

## Gallery

* Mount Tengu from Mount Iō
* Mount Nishi-Tengu (Left) and Mount Higashi-Tengu from Mount Neishi
* Mount Higashi Tengu (centre), Nishi Tengu (right), and Mount Iō (left) in winter
* Mount Nishi-Tengu from Mount Higashi-Tengu
* Mount Higashi-Tengu from Mount Nishi-Tengu
* Mount Nishi-Tengu from Mount Neishi
# 2022 in Bahrain

Events in the year 2022 in Bahrain.

## Incumbents

| Photo | Post | Name |
| | King of Bahrain | Hamad bin Isa Al Khalifa |
| | Prime Minister of Bahrain | Salman bin Hamad bin Isa Al Khalifa |

## Events

Ongoing – COVID-19 pandemic in Bahrain
* 1 January – Bahrain authorizes the emergency use of Pfizer's anti-viral oral drug Paxlovid for adults over the age of 18 years.
* 12 February – Bahraini authorities confirm that an Israeli military officer will be stationed inside the country as part of an upcoming international coalition consisting of 34 countries. This is the first time an Israeli officer has been sent to a military post in the Arab World.
* 1 March – Bahrain issues an emergency approval for the vaccine candidate developed by Valneva, becoming the first country to approve the usage of the vaccine candidate.
* 28 March – The foreign ministers of Israel, Egypt, Morocco, Bahrain and the United Arab Emirates, as well as the United States Secretary of State, meet in Sde Boker, Israel, and agree to hold regular meetings about regional security and commit to further expanding economic and diplomatic cooperation.
# Matthew St. Clair Clarke

Matthew St. Clair Clarke (1790 Greencastle, Franklin County, Pennsylvania - May 6, 1852 Washington, D.C.) was an American journalist, book author and politician. He was Clerk of the United States House of Representatives for seven terms.

## Life

He was admitted to the bar in 1811, and practiced in Greencastle. Later he removed to Washington, D.C.
On December 3, 1822, he was elected on the 11th ballot Clerk of the House of Representatives in the 17th United States Congress, to fill the vacancy caused by the death of Clerk Thomas Dougherty. He was re-elected five times, serving throughout the 18th, 19th, 20th, 21st and 22nd United States Congresses, and opened the proceedings in the House of the 23rd United States Congress on December 2, 1833, when he was succeeded by Walter S. Franklin.
On May 31, 1841, Clarke was again elected Clerk of the House of Representatives in the 27th United States Congress. Clarke opened the proceedings of the 28th United States Congress on December 4, 1843, but was defeated for re-election by Caleb J. McNulty two days later.
Clarke was co-publisher with Peter Force of the latter's American Archives, a nine volume work of archives which was ultimately sold to the Library of Congress for $100,000 in 1867.
In 1843, he was appointed Sixth Auditor of the United States Treasury and remained in office until 1845.
In 1852, his daughter Anna L. Clarke married Gen. William B. Franklin, the son of Clerk of the House Walter S. Franklin who had succeeded Clarke in 1833.

## Works

* The Life and Adventures of Colonel David Crockett (novel, 1833)
* Cases of Contested Elections in Congress 1789 to 1834 compiled by Matthew St. Clair Clarke and David A. Hall (Washington, D.C., 1834, on line version)
# Mohid Mohamed

Datuk Mohid Mohamed is the Chief Secretary for the Ministry of Youth and Sport. Previously, he was the Deputy Commissioner of Sports in the same ministry. Datuk Mohid is active in many non-governmental organization especially societies that caters youth development and sport activities.

## Personal life

Mohid Mohamed was born in Batu Pahat, Johor, Malaysia (19 September 1957).

## Education

After completing his secondary education in the late 70's Mohid Mohamed went to University Malaya and graduated with a Bachelor of Administration (Hons) and a Diploma in Education. He later went to obtain his Diploma of Public Administration from INTAN in Kuala Lumpur.

## Knighthood

For his valor and contribution in the field of sports and youth development, Mohid Mohamed was awarded the title Dato' (Darjah Paduka Tuanku Jaafar DPTJ) from His Majesty His Majesty the Sultan of Negeri Sembilan. The title Dato' is equivalent to the title Sir given by the British.

## Board members and association

He is currently the board member for Sepang International Circuit (SIC), Stadium Merdeka Council and many other association.
# Aphaniops sirhani

Aphaniops sirhani, the Azraq toothcarp, is a species of fish in the family Aphaniidae. It is endemic to the Azraq Wetland Reserve in Jordan. This species occurs in shallow water where there is vegetation and stones, or over muddy substrates where it feeds on insect larvae and crustaceans. They breed in the Spring.
In 1983, Aphaniops sirhani was described for the first time as a new species of killifish. It was found at Azraq Wetland Reserve in Jordan, the only habitat for this species in the world. Habitat changes and the introduction of other fish species reduced its population until it almost disappeared in 1989 and was thought to be extinct in the mid-1990s. In 2000 a survey showed that there were around 45 adult fish remaining within the Azraq wetland. In 2001 a rescue mission involving captive breeding was initiated to secure the species' future, aiming at reintroducing captive fish into the wild. While the population is stable as of 2014, it is entirely dependent on the wetland, whose water levels are currently artificially maintained to counter illegal extraction of water. Successful reintroduction to the wild will depend on factors including the removal of the alien mango tilapia and the attainment of a naturally stable and sufficient body of water.
# I/flancy

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| J-fan | |
I/flancy is the third album by Hitomi Yaida released on 9 October 2002. The singles from this album were "Ring My Bell", "Andante" and "Mikansei no Melody". The album title is an anagram of "i can fly".
The first pressing limited edition contains the 8cmCD single which can access the official website.

## Track listing

All tracks are written by Yaiko, arranged by Diamond Head
# Mike Campbell (American football)

William Mike Campbell (May 9, 1922 – June 16, 1998) was an American football player and coach. He was a long-time assistant of Darrell Royal, first at Mississippi State, then Washington, and mostly Texas.
A native of Memphis, Tennessee, Campbell played college football at the University of Mississippi and was drafted in the 32nd round of the 1946 NFL draft by the Washington Redskins, but chose not to play professional football. He began coaching soon after his playing career, becoming highly successful in the Mississippi High School ranks at Gulf Coast Military Academy, Canton, and Vicksburg.
He was hired by then-Mississippi State coach Royal in 1955, and went with him to Washington, and later Texas. In 1967, he was placed in charge of the Longhorn defense, and in 1974 was named assistant head coach.
After Royal's retirement in 1976, Fred Akers, then head coach at Wyoming, was chosen over Campbell as Royal's successor, a decision that was a source of controversy among Texas fans. Campbell retired from coaching afterwards.
Campbell's twin sons, Mike Jr. and Tom, were defensive starters on Texas' 1969 national championship team. Tom's interception with just over one minute remaining in the Longhorns' regular season finale vs. No. 2 Arkansas sealed Texas' 15–14 victory and the UPI coaches' poll championship.
# Mount Antoine

Antoine Mountain is a downhill ski area located north of Mattawa in Northeastern Ontario, Canada. It holds the record for the longest ski run in Ontario with 2.9 kilometres long.
The public facilities include a main chalet (which includes seating, storage, washrooms, and a cafeteria), a rental building, and the Canadian Ski Patrol quarters.
The hill opened in 1975 as Mount Antoine and was run jointly with the Laurentian Ski Hill until 2000, which when it was closed.
In 2015, the hill reopened with a renovated facility and a new Doppelmayr quad lift.
# Percha (disambiguation)

Percha is a comune in South Tyrol, Italy.
Percha may also refer to:
* Percha (Starnberg), a district of Starnberg, Germany; a separate village until 1978
* Percha (Feldkirchen-Westerham) [de], a district (Ortsteil) of Feldkirchen-Westerham, Germany
* Percha Creek, near Hillsboro, New Mexico, United States
* Percha Formation or Percha Shale, a geologic formation in New Mexico, United States
* Percha City, the original name of Kingston, New Mexico, United States
* Percha Island, a former name of Sumatra
* Percha a 2013 album by Ukrainian band Trystavisim