OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# George Alfred Davies

George Alfred Davies (1846 – 31 January 1897) was an Australian-born Mayor of his native Fremantle. He was a founding director of the Fremantle Building Society and a Justice of the Peace. He built the Oddfellows Hotel in Fremantle, which became the heritage listed Norfolk Hotel.

## Life

George Alfred Davies' grandfather, Alfred George Davies, was said to be one of the first settlers in Fremantle, arriving 19 April 1834 on the Quebec Trader, only a few years after Captain Fremantle claimed West Australia for Britain. His father, Alfred Alexander Davies (1813-1875), was twenty-one when he emigrated with his parents and younger brother, Thomas, to Western Australia. Alfred Davies married twice, and had many children, including: George born in 1846, Edward William Davies born in 1855 and Arthur Elvin Davies, born in 1866.
George attended school in Fremantle until he joined his father's business at the age of seventeen. Alfred Davies, between 1849 and 1869, built extensive real estate holdings along some of Fremantle's main streets and operated a pawnbroking business between 1870 and 1874. George formed his own business after working with his father for a decade. Davies sold spirits but he was to become well known for his wine, which he bottled and sold at premises known as the Grosvenor Cellars, in High Street and Bannister Street in Fremantle. The cellars also held bottling equipment, which enabled his business to buy in grapes to supply the demand for his creation. In 1892 Davies was one of only three people who had a colonial wine licence in Fremantle.
In 1875, he married Letitia "Letty" King (1853-1948), with whom he had nine children: George (1872-1940), an unnamed girl (1878-1878), Emma Elizabeth (1879-), Mary Elizabeth (1879-), Ernest Edgar (1884-1914), Ethel May (1888-), Harold Alfred (1893-), Nellie Hannah (1895-) and Georgina Adeline (1897-).
Davies was active in public life and supported the idea of enterprises and facilities in public ownership. He was involved in establishing public baths on the sea front and in ensuring that the more attractive land around Fremantle was not sold off.
Davies owned a plot of land in 1880, which he rented out, but he appears to have had the land cleared by the time he planned a new hotel building. This building, which opened in 1887, was on the corner of South Terrace and Norfolk Street and was known as the Oddfellows Hotel. This building is heritage listed and is still standing, and is now known as the Norfolk Hotel.
Davies and his brother Edward were directors of the Fremantle Building Society, which Davies saw as important as it enabled others to establish themselves as property owners.
Davies was elected Mayor of Fremantle in December 1894 and was made a Justice of the Peace in March 1895. He is said to have been offered a second term from November 1896 but did not take it in order to allow others to share the honour of being mayor. He was succeeded by Elias Solomon.
Davies died in Fremantle on 31 January 1897 and was buried in Fremantle Cemetery.
# Mumford (surname)

Mumford is a surname. Notable people with it include:
* Alice Mumford (born 1965), artist
* Catherine Mumford (1829–1890), married name Catherine Booth, mother of The Salvation Army
* David Mumford (born 1937), British-American mathematician
* Eloise Mumford (born 1986), American actress
* Enid Mumford (1924–2006), British computer scientist known for her work on sociotechnical systems
* Ethel Mumford (1878?–1940), American writer
* George Mumford (died 1818), American politician
* Herbert Windsor Mumford I (1871–1938), American professor of agriculture
* Jerri Mumford (1909–2002), Canadian servicewoman
* Lawrence Quincy Mumford (1903–1982), Librarian of Congress
* Lewis Mumford (1895–1990), American historian of cities and sociologist of technology
* Mary Mumford, 15th Lady Herries of Terregles (born 1940), daughter of the 16th Duke of Norfolk and a peeress in her own right
* Marcus Mumford (born 1987), English musician
* Mick Mumford, Australian military officer
* Quincy Mumford (born 1991), American singer-songwriter and guitarist
* Shane Mumford (born 1986), Australian footballer
* Stephen Mumford (born 1965), English philosopher
* Stephen Douglas Mumford (born 1942), American fertility and population growth expert
* Thad Mumford (1951–2018), American television writer and producer
* Thomas Mumford (1625–1692), progenitor of the Mumford family that left England and settled in Rhode Island
* William Bruce Mumford (died 1862), hanged for tearing down the US flag during the American Civil War

## Fictional

* Amazing Mumford, fictional character
# Lost City, West Virginia

Lost City is an unincorporated community in eastern Hardy County, West Virginia, United States, on the Lost River. Lost City is centered at the intersection of West Virginia routes 59 and 259. The town was originally known as Cover. Its post office has been open since 1892.
The community takes its name from the nearby Lost River.
# Grüne Tanne

The Grüne Tanne (German: Green Fir) is a historical Gasthaus by the Camsdorf Bridge in Jena, Thuringia, Germany.

## History

The age of the building cannot be definitively determined owing to many renovations over the years, though the vaults of the cellar suggest an initial construction in the Gothic period (12th to 14th century). The inn has borne the name "Grüne Tanne" since 1751, at which time it belonged to the village of Camsdorf east of Jena.
The Gasthaus has always been a popular destination for excursions by students of the University of Jena, since it was outside the city limits until 1909 and therefore free from the jurisdiction of the university. In 1815 the Urburschschaft was established here. During his residence in Jena from 1817 to 1818, Johann Wolfgang von Goethe stayed on the top floor of the Grüne Tanne. In the early twentieth century, it a meeting places for trade unions and social democrats. Since the incorporation of Wenigenjena and Camsdorf in 1909, the Grüne Tanne is contained within the urban area of Jena.
During the time of the German Democratic Republic, the building fell into disrepair. In 1993, the Grüne Tanne was renovated and began again to be used as a headquarters (Korporationshaus) for the Arminia Burschenschaft on the Burgkeller student society. Since 1998 it has also been used again as a Gasthaus, with only the lower floor being publicly accessible.

## Literature

* Peter Kaupp: Zinne über’m Brückenbogen. Festschrift anläßlich der Erneuerung der „Grünen Tanne“ in Jena. Dieburg 1994.

## Links

* Webseite des Gasthauses Grüne Tanne
* Did Goethe write the Erl King in the Tanne in Jena?, Ostthüringer Zeitung.
# Musk railway station

Musk railway station is in Musk, in central Victoria, Australia. It was opened in September 1881 under the name of Musk Creek, the name being shortened to Musk in 1905. The station closed with the line on Monday, 3 July 1978.
In 1969, the platform was 46.5 m (50.9 yd) in length, and a weighbridge was in place. By 1975, the station was being worked under no-one-in-charge conditions.

## Re-opening

During the mid to late 1980s, the Daylesford Spa Country Railway (DSCR) used ganger's trolleys to convey passengers on short trips from Daylesford station to the Wombat State Forest, about halfway between Daylesford and Musk. On 15 September 1990, the DSCR began railmotor services between Daylesford and Musk, the first for the first time in 13 years. The section of line between Musk and Bullarto was reopened on 17 March 1997.
Musk Station consists of little more than a small platform and a tin shed, but is stopped at by most tourist services operated by the DSCR.
# Mycalesis anaxias

Mycalesis anaxias, the white-bar bushbrown, is a species of satyrid butterfly found in South and Southeast Asia. In South Asia, it inhabits Sikkim, eastwards through the hill-ranges to Assam, Cachar, Myanmar and Tenasserim. Also in southern India, in the Nilgiris and Travancore.

## Description

Wet-season form: male and female: Upperside dull Vandyke brown, paler in the female; subterminal and terminal fine lines on both forewings and hindwings fulvescent (tawny): cilia brown. Forewing with an oblique white preapical short band not quite reaching either the costa or the termen. Underside: forewing: basal area up to the white band, and in a transverse line from lower end of band to dorsum, blackish brown; terminal margin beyond broadly paler brown; a white-centred fulvous-ringed black ocellus in interspace 2, and two preapical, smaller similar ocelli, followed by a very sinuous subterminal and a straighter terminal dark brown line. Hindwing: basal two-thirds blackish brown, terminal border broadly paler, bearing normally seven ocelli similar to those on the forewing, and subterminal and terminal dark brown lines.
Dry-season form: Upperside as in the wet-season form. Underside differs in the ocelli being indistinct or absent, and the subterminal and terminal dark lines on both forewing and hindwing absent or very faint; the terminal margins are broadly rufescent (reddish) brown, fading inwardly into lilacine, the oblique white bar on the forewing outwardly diffuse. Antennae, head, thorax and abdomen dark brown; the antennae ochraceous towards apex.
Wingspan: 51–60 mm. Male sex-mark in form 1.

## Gallery

* Dry-season form at Samsing in Darjeeling district of West Bengal, India
* Dry-season form at Samsing in Darjeeling district of West Bengal, India

## Footnotes

* 1 2 Varshney, R.K.; Smetacek, Peter (2015). A Synoptic Catalogue of the Butterflies of India. New Delhi: Butterfly Research Centre, Bhimtal & Indinov Publishing, New Delhi. p. 172. doi:10.13140/RG.2.1.3966.2164. ISBN 978-81-929826-4-9.
* 1 2 Savela, Markku. "Mycalesis anaxias Hewitson, 1862". Lepidoptera and Some Other Life Forms. Retrieved July 2, 2018.
* 1 2 3 One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain: Bingham, Charles Thomas (1905). Fauna of British India. Butterflies Vol. 1. pp. 52–53.
* ↑ One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain: Moore, Frederic (1893–1896). Lepidoptera Indica. Vol. II. London: Lovell Reeve and Co. pp. 159–160.
# Mean transverse energy

In accelerator physics, the mean transverse energy (MTE) is a quantity that describes the variance of the transverse momentum of a beam. While the quantity has a defined value for any particle beam, it is generally used in the context of photoinjectors for electron beams.

## Definition

For a beam consisting of $N$ particles with momenta $\mathbf {p_{i}}$ and mass $m$ traveling prominently in the ${\hat {n}}$ direction the mean transverse energy is given by
    ${\text{MTE}}={\frac {1}{N}}\sum _{i}{\frac {\mathbf {p_{i,\perp }^{2}} }{2m}}$
Where $\mathbf {p_{\perp }}$ is the component of the momentum $\mathbf {p_{i}}$ perpendicular to the beam axis ${\hat {n}}$. For a continuous, normalized distribution of particles $f(\mathbf {p_{\perp }} ,\mathbf {p_{\parallel }} )$ the MTE is
    ${\text{MTE}}=\int {\frac {\mathbf {p_{\perp }^{2}} }{2m}}f(\mathbf {p_{\perp }} ,\mathbf {p_{\parallel }} )\,dp_{\parallel }\,d^{2}p_{\perp }$

## Relation to Other Quantities

Emittance is a common quantity in beam physics which describes the volume of a beam in phase space, and is normally conserved through typical linear beam transformations; for example, one may transition from a beam with a large spatial size and a small momentum spread to one with a small spatial size and a large momentum spread, both cases retaining the same emittance. Due to its conservation, the emittance at the species source (e.g., photocathode for electrons) is the lower limit on attainable emittance.
For a beam born with a spatial size $\sigma _{x}$ and a 1-D MTE the minimum 2-D ($x$ and $p_{x}$) emittance is
    $\varepsilon =\sigma _{x}{\sqrt {\frac {\text{MTE}}{mc^{2}}}}$
The emittance of each dimension may be multiplied together to get the higher dimensional emittance. For a photocathode the spatial size of the beam is typically equal to the spatial size of the ionizing laser beam and the MTE may depend on several factors involving the cathode, the laser, and the extraction field. Due to the linear independence of the laser spot size and the MTE, the beam size is often factored out, formulating the 1-D thermal emittance
    $\varepsilon _{\text{th}}={\sqrt {\frac {\text{MTE}}{m_{e}c^{2}}}}$
Likewise, the maximum brightness, or phase space density, is given by
    $B_{n,4D}={\frac {m_{0}c^{2}\epsilon _{0}E_{0}}{2\pi MTE}}$
# Mount Clarence Station, South Australia

Mount Clarence Station is a locality in the Australian state of South Australia located about 771 kilometres (479 mi) north-west of the state capital of Adelaide and about 37 kilometres (23 mi) west of the town of Coober Pedy.
Mount Clarence Station's boundaries were created on 26 April 2013 and given the “local established name” which is derived from the pastoral station of the same name. The term ‘Station’ was included in the name to distinguish it from another places in Australia. Its boundaries align approximately with those of the pastoral station.
The following roads which are maintained by the South Australian government enter the locality from the Stuart Highway to the immediate east of the locality - the Anne Beadell Highway in the south and the Mount Clarence Road in the north. The Anne Beadell Highway continues in its state-maintained form across the railway line and terminates at the Mabel Creek homestead in the north-west after which it continues to the west while the Mount Clarence Road terminates at the Mount Clarence Station homestead.
The Adelaide–Darwin railway passes from south to north through the western side of the locality where a siding named Manguri is located near the site of the government town of Manguri.
The 2016 Australian census which was conducted in August 2016 reports that Mount Clarence Station and parts of localities located to the immediate east shared a population of 10 people.
Mount Clarence Station is located within the federal division of Grey, the state electoral district of Giles, the Pastoral Unincorporated Area of South Australia and the state government region of the Far North.

## Town of Manguri

Manguri (28°58′11″S 134°22′39″E﻿ / ﻿28.9698°S 134.37755°E﻿ / -28.9698; 134.37755﻿ (Town of Manguri)) is a town proclaimed by the South Australian government on 8 December 1977. It is located about 36 kilometres (22 mi) west of Coober Pedy on the east side of the Adelaide–Darwin railway. The town occupies a rectangular area with the following gazetted dimensions - 478.42 metres (1,569.6 ft) on its north-west and south-east sides by 484.26 metres (1,588.8 ft) on its north-east and south-west sides. The name is an Aboriginal word previously used for the local railway station and whose meaning is unknown. Since 2013, it has been located within the locality of Mount Clarence Station.
# Flags of the autonomous communities of Spain

This gallery of flags of the autonomous communities of Spain shows the distinctive flags of the 17 autonomous communities (constitutionally they are the nationalities and regions in which Spain is territorially organized), plus the autonomous cities of Ceuta and Melilla.

## Autonomies
### Autonomous communities

* Arbonaida, the Flag of Andalucia
* Flag of Aragon
* Flag of the Principality of Asturias
* Flag of the Balearic Islands
* Ikurriña, the flag of the Basque Country
* Flag of the Canary Islands
* Flag of Cantabria
* Flag of Castile-La Mancha
* Flag of Castile and León
* The Senyera, the Flag of Catalonia
* Flag of Extremadura
* Flag of Galicia
* Flag of La Rioja
* Flag of Madrid
* Flag of Murcia
* Flag of Navarre
* The Senyera coronada, Flag of Valencia

### Autonomous cities

* Flag of Ceuta
* Flag of Melilla
# Gründler

Gründler is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Alexander Gründler (born 1993), Austrian footballer
* Beatrice Gründler (born 1964), German Arabist
* Hartmut Gründler (1930–1977), German teacher and activist
* Matthias Gründler (born 1965), German businessman
# 1938 New Hampshire Wildcats football team

The 1938 New Hampshire Wildcats football team was an American football team that represented the University of New Hampshire as a member of the New England Conference during the 1938 college football season. In its second year under head coach George Sauer, the team compiled a 3–6 record, being outscored by their opponents 112–42. Each of the team's six losses was by shutout, including all four home games. The team played its home games at Lewis Field (also known as Lewis Stadium) in Durham, New Hampshire.

## Schedule

| Date | Opponent | Site | Result | Attendance |
| September 24 | Lowell Textile* | Lewis FieldDurham, NH | L 0–20 | |
| October 1 | at Bates* | Garcelon FieldLewiston, ME | W 22–6 | |
| October 8 | Maine | Lewis FieldDurham, NH (rivalry) | L 0–21 | 600 |
| October 15 | at Colby* | Seaverns FieldWaterville, ME | L 0–6 | |
| October 22 | at Vermont* | Centennial FieldBurlington, VT | L 0–20 | 2,500 |
| October 29 | Saint Anselm* | Lewis FieldDurham, NH | L 0–26 | |
| November 5 | at Tufts* | Tufts OvalMedford, MA | W 10–6 | |
| November 12 | Springfield}* | Lewis FieldDurham, NH | L 0–7 | 6,000 |
| November 19 | at Connecticut State | Gardner Dow FieldStorrs, CT | W 10–0 | |
| *Non-conference gameHomecomingSource: ||||||
Lowell Textile's win over New Hampshire snapped a 22-game losing streak the Millmen were on, dating back to October 1935. In 16 contests between New Hampshire and Lowell Textile, played during 1912–1941, the 1938 game was the only Wildcat loss.
Team captain Paul Horne set two Wildcat records in the Saint Anselm game, which still stand; most punts in a game (17) and most punting yardage in a game (527).
# Lords of Valetia

Lords of Valetia is a 1977 fantasy, role-playing play-by-mail (PBM) game published by RB&B Design Operations, Inc.

## History

In a 1984 issue of Gaming Universal, Steve Jackson said that Lords of Valetia was "the most spectacular PBM fiasco in history" related to the issue of short-lived PBM companies of the period. Rick Loomis echoed this idea, noting that this was "the most notorious of the disappearing companies". According to Loomis, the first moderator "was running the whole thing in between college classes". He stated that the game reportedly had more than 1,000 paid players at the outset. After some delays, game ownership changed and the game ran briefly before additional delays and another ownership change. Financial challenges then caused the game's collapse.

## Gameplay

Lords of Valetia was a fantasy role-playing PBM game run by subscription. The hand-moderated game was based on Dungeons & Dragons.

## Reception

Brian Esterson reviewed Lords of Valetia in The Space Gamer No. 15. Esterson commented that "In all, the game shows thought and imagination. [...] Very little information, aside from the rules, is given to you at first. You learn about the land and the creatures in it as you explore."
# My Friend Lester

My Friend Lester is a 1947 farce play by Alec Coppel. It debuted at the Embassy Theatre in London on 14 April 1947 and later moved to St Martin's Theatre.
The play seems to have been reworked by Coppel as The Gazebo.

## Plot

A playwright, looking for material, invites a harlot to his flat, where she is shot by her protector. The playwright has to dispose of a body.

## Original cast

* Richard Bird as Lester Judd, the writer
* Linden Travers as Miriam Hudd
* Charles Goldner as Mick, the pimp
* Sydney King as Chalfont
* Jack Richie as Lynch
* John Sharp as Randall
* Pat Smylie as Toto

## Original reviews

The Guardian said the central "situation is perhaps not inherently wretched... but the skill and wit, to say nothing of the good taste which might make the effort worthwhile are not to be found in the material."
The Observer felt that "Alec Coppel is hardly resourceful enough... the farce goes off the boil too soon. But there are passages of fine frenzy and the right comic delirium."
Another writer for the Observer felt the show was "very oddly composed: some of its fun would just suit a schoolboy while the rest of it would set him asking the most awkward questions... It certainly surprised me that the censor should have given his green light to so much that was blue especially in the part of a pimp."
# Oliver Brownson

Oliver Brownson (13 May 1746, in Bolton, Connecticut — 20 October 1815, in Smithfield, New York) was an American composer and music editor, who lived in Connecticut for much of his life. In 1775 he married Sarah Merrels, and they had at least one child. Oliver Brownson was a singing master in Connecticut during the last quarter of the 18th Century.
Among his most well-known tunes are: Colchester ("Great God, the heav'ns well-ordered frame"); Norfolk ("Alas, the brittle clay"); Salisbury ("God of my salvation, hear"); and Virginia ("Thy words the raging wind control").

## Publications

* Select Harmony, Containing the Necessary Rules of Psalmody, Together With a Collection of Approved Psalm Tunes, Hymns and Anthems, by Oliver Brownson. Hartford, Connecticut, 1783. 100 pp.
* A new Collection of Sacred Harmony. Simsbury, Connecticut, 1797.
# Musladin-Lueke syndrome

Musladin-Lueke syndrome (previously known as Chinese Beagle syndrome) is a hereditary disorder that affects beagles that manifests in extensive fibrosis of the skin and joints. It is named after beagle breeders Anton Musladin and Ada Leuke. It is caused by a number of recessive mutations affecting fibrillin-1, a major component of microfibrils. It affects several organ systems, including the skeleton, heart, skin, and muscle. According to the American Kennel Club's Canine Health Foundation, "beagles with Musladin-Leuke syndrome are born with several defects characterized by short outer toes on the front and sometimes all four feet, high set creased ears on a flat skull with extra cartilage in them, slant narrowed eyes, and very thick tight skin with little scruff." Affected dogs are usually smaller than average, and have a very stiff gait. Seizures have also been noted in affected dogs.
# MS Polarlys

Several motor ships have borne the name Polarlys:
* MS Polarlys (1952) was a 2,163-ton passenger/cargo ship launched on 15 March 1952 by Aalborg Vaerft in Aalborg, Denmark. Sold in 1994 to Mercy Ships whom renamed it as Caribbean Mercy. Renamed Hope II in 2007 and finally scrapped in Colon in 2010.
* MS Polarlys (1995) is an 11,341-ton passenger/cargo ship launched in 1995 by Ulstein Verft in Ulsteinvik, Norway.
# Mount Royal station

Mount Royal station, Mont Royal station, etc., may refer to:
* Mont-Royal station (Montreal Metro), in Montreal, Quebec, Canada
* Ville-de-Mont-Royal station, surface metro station in Mount Royal, Quebec, Canada
* Mt. Royal/MICA station, a Baltimore Light RailLink station adjacent to the historic Mount Royal Station in Baltimore, Maryland, United States
* Mount Royal Station (Maryland Institute College of Art), a university building and historically a station on the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad in Baltimore, Maryland, United States