OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Miyazaki Yūhi

Miyazaki Yūhi (宮崎 有斐, birth and death years unknown) was a photographer who ran a photographic studio in Tokyo in the 1870s. Two of his photographs were within the collection of the mining engineer Benjamin Smith Lyman and are now within the Tokyo Metropolitan Museum of Photography.
# Páll Skúlason

Páll Skúlason (4 June 1945 – 22 April 2015) was a professor of philosophy and former Rector of the University of Iceland.
Born and raised in Akureyri, in northern Iceland, Páll Skúlason graduated from highschool in 1965. He studied philosophy at the Université catholique de Louvain in Belgium, earning a BA in 1967 and a doctorate in 1973. His doctoral dissertation, Du cercle et du Sujet: problème de compréhension et de méthode dans la Philosophie de Paul Ricœur, considered the philosophy of French philosopher Paul Ricœur.
Páll became a lecturer in philosophy at the University of Iceland in 1971 and was appointed Professor in 1975. He served as Dean of the Faculty of Arts (1977-1979, 1985-1987 and 1995–1997) and Rector of the university from 1997 to 2005.

## Books

* Du Cercle et du Sujet, problèmes de compréhension et de méthode dans la philosophie de Paul Ricœur (Louvain: Université Catholique de Louvain, Institut Supérieur de Philosophie, 1973) - Doctoral thesis
* Hugsun og veruleiki [Thought and Reality] (Reykjavík: Hlaðbúð, 1975)
* Pælingar [Speculations] (Reykjavík: Ergo Publishers, 1987) - a collection of essays
* Pælingar II [Speculations II] (Reykjavík: Ergo Publishers, 1989) - a collection of essays
* Siðfræði [Ethics] (Reykjavík: Rannsóknarstofnun í siðfræði [Center for Ethical Studies], 1990)
* Sjö siðfræðilestrar [Seven Lectures in Ethics] (Reykjavík: Rannsóknarstofnun í siðfræði [Center for Ethical Studies], 1991)
* Menning og sjálfstæði [Culture and Autonomy] (Reykjavík: Háskólaútgáfan [The University Press], 1994)
* Í skjóli heimspekinnar [In the Shelter of Philosophy] (Reykjavík: Háskólaútgáfan [The University Press], 1995)
* Umhverfing [Nature and Environment]. (Reykjavík: Háskólaútgáfan [The University Press], 1998)
* Saga and Philosophy (Reykjavik: Háskólaútgáfan [The University Press], 1999)
* Le Cercle du Sujet - dans la philosophie de Paul Ricœur (Paris: L'Harmattan, 2001)
# Quisapincha

1°14′4″S 78°41′4″W﻿ / ﻿1.23444°S 78.68444°W﻿ / -1.23444; -78.68444
Quisapincha is a town in Ecuador, located in the province of Tungurahua in the Ambato Canton. It lies about 12 km west of the city of Ambato, high upon the mountainside of Cerro Casigana. From Quisapincha, there are excellent views of the Andes, including the smoking Tungurahua volcano and the valley in which Ambato sits.
The town has once been the center of Kisapincha resistance against Spanish and Creole intruders. Many of the Kisapincha now live in the high altitude communities that form Quisapincha Alto, part of the parroquia of Quisapincha. The only footpaths connecting Quisapincha Alto with larger cities were constantly watched and could be easily blocked by the defenders. Locals remember that "until 1975 no white man could enter Quisapincha Alto. It was impossible." The parroquia of Quisapincha once had infant mortality of 547 deaths per 1000 births, and the communities of Quisapincha Alto are now growing at 6.3% per annum. During the 1992 uprising the indigenous people of Quisapincha Alto reappropriated the land from the church and gained some Kisapincha representation in local politics. Their rule faces continuing opposition from mestizo townspeople.
Quisapincha is famous for its leather products. Almost 70% of the town's workforce is involved in the leather trade. Leather goods include shoes, jackets, wallets, hats, and gloves. The town also lies close to Parque de la Familia (Family Park), a provincial park dedicated to family activities. The park features sports facilities, a picnic area, and even an eco-walk.
# Punctelia caseana

Punctelia caseana is a species of foliose lichen in the family Parmeliaceae. Its range covers eastern North America, extending south to central and northern Mexico, where it grows on the bark of many species of hardwood and conifer trees.

## Taxonomy

Punctelia caseana was described as a new species in 2010 by lichenologists James Lendemer and Brendan Hodkinson. The type was collected in the Nature Conservancy reserve in Atlantic County, New Jersey. The specific epithet caseana honors Martha A. Case, who was an undergraduate professor of Hodkinson and encouraged his interest in lichenology.

## Description

The color of the upper surface of the thallus of Punctelia caseana is grey-blue, while the undersurface is pale to off-white, sometimes light brown. The size of the thallus is quite variable, depending largely on the microhabitat conditions. There are many soralia, which are mostly located along the margins of the lobes. The soredia are coarse and large. Ascospores produced by the lichen are hyaline, measuring 14–17 by 10–12 μm. It contains the secondary compounds atranorin, chloroatroanorin, and lecanoric acid. The standard lichen spot test results are K+ (yellow), C−, KC−, P−, and UV− in the upper cortex; in the medulla they are K−, KC+ (red), C+ (red), P−, and UV−.
Punctelia caseana can be readily distinguished from the common North American species Punctelia rudecta because the latter has isidia rather than soredia. Two lookalikes, Punctelia perrituculata and P. subrudecta, both produce medullary gyrophoric acid and have a pale lower surface, like Punctelia caseana. However, they have short conidia, and P. perrituculata has a surface texture covered with small round pits or grooves (scrobiculae).

## Habitat and distribution

It is found in the eastern United States on many types of hardwood trees, as well as conifers, and occasionally on rotting logs. Its distribution in the eastern US is similar to that of Punctelia subrudecta. The range of Punctelia caseana was later extended to include eastern and central Mexico.

## Conservation

In 2021, Punctelia caseana was assessed for the global IUCN Red List. Because it has an abundant and widespread population in North America with no sign of decline, it is considered a species of least concern.
# Penal notice

In civil procedure a penal notice is a warning endorsed on a court order, which notifies the recipient is liable to committal to prison or to pay a fine for breach of the order. In the case of a company or corporation, their assets may be seized.
# Prien (river)

The Prien is a river of Bavaria, Germany.
Its source is at 1,150 metres (3,770 ft) above sea level at the Spitzstein. After 33 kilometres (21 mi) it discharges into the Chiemsee at the bay Schafwaschener Bucht. It is one of the longest mountain streams in the Bavarian Alps. The name probably derives from the Celtic name of the river, Brigenna, the one coming from the mountains (female) in Celtic languages. The town Prien am Chiemsee was named after the river. Before Prien, on a weir the Mühlbach [de] is fed, which flows independently into the Chiemsee further southward.
The Prien is, after the Tiroler Achen, the second largest tributary to the Chiemsee.
# Jakub Kostiuczuk

Archbishop Jakub, (secular birth name Jakub Kostiuczuk; born 22 October 1966 in Narew) is the Archbishop of Białystok and Gdańsk.

## Biography

He graduated from the Electrical Technical School in Białystok, where he later worked as an electrician. In 1987 he entered the Supraśl monastery, received a monastic haircut and was ordained deacon. In the same year, he began studies at the Moscow Theological Academy, where in 1992 he defended his master's thesis. He was ordained a priest in 1989 by the then archbishop of Białystok and Gdańsk, Sawa, and he made his monastic vows in 1993. In 1995 he started working at the Christian Theological Academy in Warsaw as an assistant at the Department of Dogmatic and Moral Theology. From that year he also served as the spiritual protector of the Orthodox Society of Saints Cyril and Methodius. Later appointed governor of the Monastery of the Annunciation of the Most Holy Mother of God and St. John the Theologian in Supraśl.
He was ordained bishop on 11 May 1998 with the title of bishop of Supraśl. Since August 1998, he has been the spiritual guardian of the Brotherhood of Orthodox Youth. By the decision of the Holy Council of Bishops, on 30 March 1999, he was appointed the Ordinary of the Białystok-Gdańsk diocese. The ceremonial ingress of the Białystok cathedral took place on 22 May 1999. On 16 June 2008, he received the dignity of the archbishop.
On 27 June 2011, at the Christian Theological Academy in Warsaw, he defended his doctoral dissertation on "Christological dogma in the liturgical texts of St. John of Damascus".
In 2016, he became a member of the delegation of the Polish Autocephalous Orthodox Church to the Holy and Great Council of the Orthodox Church.
On 30 May 2019, he became a member of the Council of the Christian Academy of Theology in Warsaw.
On 1 July 2019, he became a professor at the Christian Theological Academy in Warsaw.
# 7 (Part 2)

7 (Part 2) (Russian: «7 (Часть 2)») — is the second Mini-album (EP) by Ukrainian group Artik & Asti, released on 7 February 2020 through the record label Self Made.

## Singles

On 7 February 2020, at the same time as the EP's release, the duo released a music video for the song «Девочка, танцуй», which eventually became the lead single of the album. The director of the video was Alan Badoev.

### Nominations

7 (Part 2) was «Альбомом года» ("album of the year") according to SberZvuka, and also was one of the top 3 most listened albums on VK. The song «Девочка, танцуй» at that moment was nominated at the «Жара Music Awards».

## List of songs

According to Apple Music:
# Ralph Grey

Ralph Grey may refer to:
* Ralph Grey, Baron Grey of Naunton (1910–1999), last governor of Northern Ireland
* Ralph Grey (MP) (1819–1869), British Whig politician
* Ralph Grey, 2nd Baron Grey of Werke (1630–1675)
* Ralph Grey, 4th Baron Grey of Werke (died 1706), English peer who served as governor of Barbados
# Pseudalbizzia buntingii

Pseudalbizzia buntingii is a species of plant in the family Fabaceae. It a tree found only in Zulia state of Venezuela.
# Horton Hears a Who! (disambiguation)

Horton Hears a Who! is a 1954 book by Dr. Seuss.
Horton Hears a Who! may also refer to:
* Horton Hears a Who! (film), a 2008 animated film adaptation of the book
* Horton Hears a Who! (TV special), a 1970 TV special based on the book
# Páll Melsteð (historian)

Páll Melsteð (13 November 1812 - 9 February 1910) was an Icelandic historian, official, editor and member of the Althing. In 1892 he was awarded the Order of the Dannebrog.

## Early life

Páll was the son of Páll Melsteð the official. At the age of 16 Páll entered the Learned School and graduated in 1834. He then went to study law at the University of Copenhagen but also studied history and the fine arts, especially singing. He returned to Iceland in 1840 when he married his first wife, Jórunn Ísleifsdóttir. They lived in Álftanes for several years where Páll started working on his first book, Ágrip af merkisatburðum mannkynssögunnar ["A Synopsis of the Significant Events of History"], which was printed in Viðey in 1844. He had also started work on a history of Iceland but in 1844 his house burnt down and his manuscripts were lost.

## Editor

Páll now moved to Reykjavík where he was the prime mover in founding Reykjavíkurpósturinn at a time when no newspaper was being published in Iceland. Páll had a role in editing the paper from 1846 through 1849. In 1848 he also played a role in founding Þjóðólfur. He also had a large role in the first years of Íslendingur (1860–1863) and was the editor of Víkverji in 1873 and 1874.

## Official

In 1848 and 1849 Páll was the sýslumaður (a kind of sheriff) of Árnessýsla but from 1849 to 1854 he was the sýslumaður of Snæfellsnessýsla. He was elected as a representative of Snæfellsnes to the National Assembly of 1851 and to the Althing in 1859. In 1855 Páll again went again to Copenhagen to study law since he had not completed a degree the first time. He graduated in Danish laws in 1857. From 1858 to 1862 Páll was sýslumaður for Gullbringu- og Kjósarsýsla. In 1858 Jórunn died and Páll married his second wife, Þóra Melsteð. They were to work together on establishing Kvennaskólinn, the first girls' school of Iceland.

## Historian

From 1862 to 1885 Páll worked as a lawyer in Reykjavík. In 1868 he started teaching part-time at the Learned School and in 1885 he became a full-time history professor. In the 1860s Páll wrote and published a multi-volume work on world history, Fornaldarsagan (1864), Miðaldarsagan (1866), Nýja sagan (1868). In 1891 his Norðurlandasaga ["History of the Nordic Countries"] was published. He also wrote a number of historical articles in various periodicals. Páll's historical writings were praised for their lively and lucid writing style but criticized for their heavy emphasis on warfare and giving short shrift to cultural history. Páll's memoirs, Endurminningar, were published posthumously in 1912.
# Nicholas Whittaker

Nicholas Whittaker (born 1953) is a British writer of non-fiction books on popular culture, often incorporating autobiographical extracts from his own life. He was born in Shrewsbury and lived in Burton upon Trent until 1975. Whittaker has worked as a freelance journalist for pornographic magazines, interviewing figures such as Ray Cooney, Divine, Donald Sinden, Steve Harley, Justin de Villeneuve, Uri Geller and Kingsley Amis for Club International.

## Books

Whittaker’s first book was Platform Souls, published in 1995 on the subject of the British hobby of trainspotting. It follows his progress from the dying days of the steam locomotive in Britain (1964-1968), through the so-called Rail Blue diesel era of the 1970s, and his travels around Britain and Europe, by rail. The book ends with his failed attempts to interest his young sons in what was once a common hobby for a majority of British boys.
Blue Period (1997) was an autobiographical piece about Whittaker’s years working for pornographic magazines, notably Fiesta and then the Paul Raymond publications Razzle, Men Only and Club International. The book contrasts the popular and accepted mythologies of sexual liaisons in the magazines with the more mundane reality of Whittaker's own romantic experiences.
Sweet Talk (1998), subtitled "The Secret History of Confectionery", was a popular history of British confectionery. It told the story of sweets, chocolate, liquorice, chewing gum and ice cream from the late 19th century up until the end of the 20th, much of it seen through the perspective of sweet shops, school children and stories in the popular press. The book draws from a century’s worth of trade magazines such as Sweet Shop Owner and Confectionery News.
Published in 2001, Whittaker's Toys Were Us takes a look at toys and games from the mid 19th century to the final years of the 20th. The book was based on research in toy trade journals and is an overview of childhood favourites such as Hornby Dublo, Monopoly and Spirograph.
In August 2015 Icon Books published a revised and updated 20th anniversary edition of Platform Souls.
# Pekel

Pekel may refer to:

## People

* Birol Pekel (1938–2004), Turkish football player
* Melike Pekel (born 1995), Turkish-German women's football player

## Settlements

* Pako, a settlement in the Municipality of Borovnica, formerly known as Pekel
* Pekel, Maribor, a settlement in the Municipality of Maribor
* Pekel, Trebnje, a settlement in the Municipality of Trebnje

## Other

* Hell Cave, known as Jama Pekel in Slovene
* Hell Gorge, known as Soteska Pekel in Slovene
* Pekel A, a river in Groningen
* Pekel Grave, an unmarked Second World War grave
# Nebria lafresnayei lafresnayei

Nebria lafresnayei lafresnayei is a subspecies of beetle in the family Carabidae that can be found in Andorra, France, and Spain.
# Pulse Ejector Thrust Augmentor

A Pulse Ejector Thrust Augmentor or PETA is a proprietary pulse jet engine developed by Boeing. The Boeing PETA design embeds the pulse jet inside a thrust augmenting duct which entrains surrounding air into the exhaust stream. This entrained air improves thrust and cools the pulse jet. Boeing may use the PETA in its Light Aerial Multi-purpose Vehicle (LAMV) Future Combat System.

## Advantages

* The pulse jet engine's ability to be almost instantly throttled, with spoolup/spooldown time from minimum to max thrust and vice versa of around of 1–1,5 seconds, and startup and shutdown times of less than five seconds, would be advantageous in a vertical take-off and landing (VTOL) aircraft, where quick response to control input is useful.
* The ability to provide upward thrust and thus decouple vertical and axial movement of the aircraft.
* Valveless pulse jet engines are insensitive to sand and small debris.
* The engine's thrust augmenters can be incorporated as load bearing structures in the aircraft's superstructure, thus reducing overall weight.
* The design features no moving parts, which the creators claim increases reliability compared to conventional engines with moving parts.
* Multiple engines can be assembled into an array, allowing scalability to heavy-lifting applications.
* Arranging the engines in an array allows for distributed, highly redundant thrust, thus increasing reliability.

## Disadvantages

* Pulse jet engines are notorious for being loud. Owners of large engines (1800N thrust and above) have reported receiving noise complaints from people who were shielded from the "test site" by 7 km of hilly terrain covered by a dense forest.
# In Yana, the Touch of Undying

In Yana, the Touch of Undying is a novel by Michael Shea published in 1985.

## Plot summary

In Yana, the Touch of Undying is a novel in which the hero seeks a place where immortality is possible.

## Reception

Dave Langford reviewed In Yana, the Touch of Undying for White Dwarf #95, and stated that "witty and erudite, though sometimes confusingly written."

## Reviews

* Review by Faren Miller (1985) in Locus, #299 December 1985
* Review by Algis Budrys (1986) in The Magazine of Fantasy & Science Fiction, April 1986
* Review by Don D'Ammassa (1986) in Science Fiction Chronicle, #86 November 1986
# Hydrogen darkening

Hydrogen darkening is a physical degradation of the optical properties of glass. Free hydrogen atoms are able to bind to the SiO$_2$ silica glass compound forming hydroxyl (OH)—a chemical compound that interferes with the passage of light through the glass.
The problem is particularly relevant to fiber-optic cables—particularly in oil and gas wells where fiber optic cables are used for distributed temperature sensing (DTS). Hydrogen can be present due to the cracking of hydrocarbons in the well. The darkening of the fiber can distort the DTS reading and possibly render the DTS system inoperable due to the optical loss budget being exceeded.
To prevent this, coatings such as carbon are applied to the fiber, and hydrogen capturing gels are used to buffer the fiber and other proprietary techniques may be used to prevent hydrogen atoms from reaching the glass fiber via the cable sheath.
# Neodymium(III) sulfide

Neodymium(III) sulfide is a inorganic chemical compound with the formula Nd$_2$S$_3$ composed of a two neodymium atoms in the +3 oxidation state and three sulfur atoms in the -2 oxidation state. Like other rare earth sulfides, neodymium(III) sulfide is used as a high-performance inorganic pigment.

## Preparation

Neodymium(III) sulfide can directly be produced by reacting neodymium with sulfur:
    2Nd + 3S → Nd$_2$S$_3$
It can also be produced by sulfidizing neodymium oxide with H$_2$S at 1450 °C:
    Nd$_2$O$_3$ + 3 H$_2$S → Nd$_2$S$_3$ + 3 H$_2$O

## Properties

Neodymium(III) sulfide is (as γ-form) a light green solid. The compound comes in three forms. The α-form has an orthorhombic crystal structure, the β form has a tetragonal crystal structure, and the γ form has a cubic crystal structure. At 1650 °C in a vacuum, the γ compound decomposes to form neodymium monosulfide.
Neodymium(III) sulfide has a high melting point and a lot of polymorphic forms which make it difficult to grow. When heated, neodymium sulfide can lose sulfur atoms and can form a range of compositions between Nd$_2$S$_3$ and Nd$_3$S$_4$. Neodymium(III) sulfide is an electrical insulator.
# Páll Ólafsson (poet)

Páll Ólafsson (1827–1905) was an Icelandic poet and one of the most popular poets of the nation of the 19th century, known for poems about love and about horses.
Many of his poems were made into popular song, such as Lóan er komin and Ó blessuð vertu sumarsól.
# R.T. Frazier House

The R.T. Frazier House is a historic Craftsman style residence built in 1915 in Pueblo, Colorado. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1985. It was deemed significant for its association with R.T. Frazier and as an architectural work.

## History

It was built in 1915 for local saddle and harness manufacturer Robert T. Frazier, of R.T. Frazier Saddlery.
Frazier was wealthy and spared no expense. The construction budget was US $15,000; however they spent more than double at US $35,000 (without furnishings).
Frazier's saddles won many awards, including first place at the 1893 Columbia Exposition, and was considered the finest saddle in the world at the 1915 Panama-Pacific Exposition. Two of Frazier's famous saddlery customers were Buffalo Bill Cody and Pancho Villa (José Doroteo Arango Arámbula).
Its construction of the R.T. Frazier House was announced and reviewed favorably by the Pueblo Star Journal, the local newspaper, in 1916, which called it "utter perfection". It has been speculated that the house may have been designed from the popular style of books of the time period. It is a front-gabled house with tapestry brick and rhyolite stone; the foundation appears to be made of ryolite stone with the four large pillars. The porch and the railing made of sandstone.
# Nicholas William Brady

Sir Nicholas William Brady (16 February 1791 – 28 November 1843) was an Irish politician. He was elected to Dublin Corporation in 1833, and served as Lord Mayor of Dublin from 1839 to 1840.
Nicholas William Brady was the eldest son of Francis Tempest Brady and had two brothers and eight sisters. His brother Maziere Brady later became Lord Chancellor of Ireland.
He was High Sheriff of Dublin in 1820. He was knighted by King George IV. In October 1815, he married to Catherine Hodgson, and they had six children.
# Pullinger

Pullinger may refer to:
* Amanda Pullinger (born 1966), chief executive
* Dorothée Pullinger (1894–1986), automobile engineer
* George Pullinger (1920–1982), cricketer
* Herbert Pullinger (1878–1961), illustrator
* Jackie Pullinger (born 1944), missionary
* Jan Pullinger (born 1947), politician
* John Pullinger (born 1959), statistician
* Kate Pullinger, novelist
* Thomas Pullinger (1867–1945), automobile engineer
# Indian mythology

Indian mythology may refer to:
* Hindu mythology (main Indian mythology)
** Vedic mythology
* Meitei mythology (or Manipuri mythology)
* Jain mythology
* Buddhist mythology
* Sikh mythology
* Mythologies of the Indigenous peoples of the Americas
# Neodymium(III) oxalate

Neodymium(III) oxalate is the oxalate salt of neodymium, with the chemical formula of Nd$_2$(C$_2$O$_4$)$_3$ in the anhydrous or hydrate form. Its decahydrate decomposes to the anhydrous form when heated, and when heated further, decomposes to Nd$_2$O$_2$C$_2$O$_4$, finally obtaining neodymium(III) oxide. It dissolves in hydrochloric acid to form Nd(C$_2$O$_4$)Cl·3H$_2$O.
# Horatio, South Carolina

Horatio is an unincorporated community in the High Hills of Santee area in western Sumter County, South Carolina, United States.
It lies on Horatio Road west of South Carolina Highway 261 north of Stateburg and is the location of the Lenoir Store, which is listed on the National Register of Historic Places. The Horatio post office, zip code 29168, is located inside the Lenoir Store at 3240 Horatio Road. The community was originally called Louellen, but was renamed Horatio for Horatio Lenoir.

## Notable person

* Sloman Moody