# Ice hockey in Vermont

Vermont has a long history with ice hockey in the United States. Despite the state's sparse population, its location in New England placed Vermont in the middle of ice hockey circles, particularly at the college level.

## History

The close proximity to Canada afforded Vermont with a very close view of ice hockey as far back as the 19th century. Several local clubs were arranged but nothing formal occurred until 1909. One of those amateur teams was put together by a group of students at Norwich University. After garnering some interest from the student body, the school gave its blessing to the program and the first sanctioned team in Vermont hit the ice the following year. Unfortunately, a lack of facilities left the Cadets scrambling to find available ice and eventually forced the program to be suspended in 1913. After World War I, ice hockey returned to the state when Middlebury began its men's program. They were joined that season by Saint Michael's which, aside from cutting down on travel costs, provided each with a local rival. With an increasing number of rinks in the state, Norwich was able to secure a home venue and return in 1925. That same year, the state's flagship university, Vermont also hit the ice, giving the state a solid foundation with the sport. However, after the Great Depression the cost of business became too much. During the 1930s, Norwich, Vermont and Saint Michael's were each forced to suspend operations. Only Middlebury was able to carry on through the difficulties.
Eventually the financial situation improved and Norwich returned to the ice by the end of the 30s. Just as the others were considering revivals of their own, World War II broke out and all programs were mothballed in the early 40s. Once the war had ended, Middlebury and Norwich restarted in short order with Saint Michael's making an abortive attempt in the 50s. The Catamounts, however, did not get back onto the ice until the 1960s. Despite the long wait, the team was very successful in its return, winning three league championships over a 5-year span. Vermont promoted its program to the top division in 1974 and has remained there ever since, albeit with less success. In the meantime, Middlebury flited with a championship in the late 1970s, however, because the school was a member of NESCAC, they were forbidden from playing in national tournaments. Despite that barrier, ice hockey in Vermont was flourishing in the late 70s and eventually the granite state became a foursome once more when Saint Michael's was able to bring its team back in 1982.
In the mid-90s, the NESCAC changed its rules and finally allowed its member school to participate in national tournaments. Within a year, Middlebury won its first championship and proceeded to win the next four as well. The Panthers became the first team in college hockey history to win five consecutive championships. Spurred on by their long-time rival, Norwich was able to win its first championship in 2000, ending Middlebury's run. In the first decade of the 21st century, five additional Division III national titles were won by Middlebury and Norwich, making the state the center of D-III ice hockey.
The success of the men's programs led to increased interest from other quarters. Middlebury was the first Division II or III college to found a women's team, playing its inaugural season in 1981. The other Vermont schools were slower on the uptake but by 2006 each of them was sporting a women's program as well. With so much college hockey going on in the state, eventually the sport spilled over into different branches. Vermont high schools had long sported varsity programs but the state did not receive its first formal junior team until 2000. The Green Mountain Glades were members of the Eastern Junior Hockey League, a Tier III league, and survived for over a decade before relocating to Maine. Two years after their departure, a second low-level junior team arrived. The Vermont Lumberjacks continued to call the state home, as of 2023, and have been relatively successful on the ice.
In terms of professional hockey, Vermont has seen very little interest. With the state's most populous city being Burlington at just north of 44,000 residents (ranked 870th in the nation in 2020), Vermont just doesn't have enough people to support a pro team. To date, only one attempt was made and it proved to be rather disastrous; the Vermont Wild played during the fall of 2011. At the start the team performed about as well as could be expected for an expansion team but their attendance figures were woeful. Playing out of the 1,000-seat Green Mountain Arena, the Wild only could get about 1/4 of the venue filled. The showing was so dismal that the team only played 10 of their scheduled 53 games before folding.

## Teams
### Professional
#### Inactive

| Team | City | League | Years Active | Fate |
| Vermont Wild | Morrisville | FHL | 2011 | Defunct |

### Collegiate
#### Active

| Team | City | Gender | Division | League | Arena | Founded |
| Norwich Cadets | Northfield | Men's | NCAA Division III | NEHC | Kreitzberg Arena | 1909 |
| Women's | Northfield | NCAA Division III | NEHC | Kreitzberg Arena | 2006 |
| Middlebury Panthers | Middlebury | Men's | NCAA Division III | NESCAC | Kenyon Arena | 1922 |
| Women's | Middlebury | NCAA Division III | NESCAC | Kenyon Arena | 1981 |
| Saint Michael's Purple Knights | Colchester | Men's | NCAA Division II | NE10 | C. Douglas Cairns Arena | 1922 |
| Women's | Colchester | NCAA Division I | NEWHA | C. Douglas Cairns Arena | 2000 |
| Vermont Catamounts | Burlington | Men's | NCAA Division I | Hockey East | Gutterson Fieldhouse | 1925 |
| Women's | Burlington | NCAA Division I | Hockey East | Gutterson Fieldhouse | 1998 |

### Junior
#### Active

| Team | City | League | Arena | Founded |
| Vermont Lumberjacks | Burlington | EHL | Leddy Arena | 2014 |

#### Inactive

| Team | City | League | Years Active | Fate |
| Green Mountain Glades | Williston | EJHL | 2000–2012 | Defunct |

### Timeline

Active Active (out of state)

## Players
### Notable players by city

Vermont has a very high level of engagement with ice hockey. In 2022, 0.663% of the population was registered with USA Hockey, or about 1 in every 150 people. That was good enough for 4th in the nation, ahead of traditional hotbeds like Massachusetts and Michigan. With the state's low overall population that only translates to approximately 4,000 people, however, that hasn't stopped several Vermont natives from making a name in the sport.
* Charles Adams was a grocery store magnate and avid fan. He founded the Boston Bruins, the first NHL team in the US.
* John LeClair was the first person from Vermont to both win a Stanley Cup and a medal at the Winter Olympics.
* Amanda Pelkey was a 4-year player at Vermont and went on to win a gold medal at the 2018 Winter Olympics.
* Gary Wright played collegiately at Vermont and coached ice hockey for over 40 years.

#### Barre

* Maggie LaGue

#### Burlington

* Gary Wright

#### Montpelier

* Amanda Pelkey

#### Newport

* Graham Mink

#### Norwich

* Steve Shirreffs $^†$

#### Shelburne

* Peter Lenes

#### St. Albans

* John LeClair

#### Stowe

* Brady Leisenring
† relocated from elsewhere.