OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# 478 BC

Year 478 BC was a year of the pre-Julian Roman calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Mamercus and Structus (or, less frequently, year 276 Ab urbe condita). The denomination 478 BC for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years.

## Events
### By place
#### Greece

* Despite Spartan opposition, Athens works on refortifying and rebuilding after the Persian destruction of the city in 479.
* The Delian League is established
* With the help of the Athenian statesman and general, Cimon, Aristides commands an Athenian fleet of 30 ships that the Spartan commander Pausanias leads to capture the Greek cities on Cyprus and Byzantium, taking them from the Persians and their Phoenician allies.
* While Pausanias is occupying Byzantium, his arrogance and his adoption of Persian clothing and manners offends the allies and raises suspicions of disloyalty. Pausanias is recalled to Sparta, where he is tried and acquitted of the charge of treason, but he is not restored to his command.

#### Sicily

* Hiero I (Hieron) becomes the Tyrant of Syracuse following the death of his brother Gelo.

#### China

* A Temple of Confucius is established in (modern-day) Qufu.

## Deaths

* Gelo, tyrant of the cities of Gela and Syracuse in Sicily
* Xenophanes, Greek poet and philosopher (approximate year)
# 478 Dunoon–Portavadie

The 478 is a bus route in Argyll and Bute, Scotland, which runs between Dunoon and Portavadie via Tighnabruiach and Kames. It is operated by West Coast Motors, which was established in 1921. Strathclyde Partnership for Transport inaugurated the route, along with that of the 477 and 479, in October 1993. The route is noted for its long stretches of single-track roads with scattered passing places, especially along the B836 between Sandbank and Auchenbreck, at the junction with the A886 Colintraive–to–Strachur road. The drivers of the 477, 478 and 479 have dubbed their routes the "Bermuda Triangle" due to their complexity and remoteness.
Given the distance covered by the route (28 miles (45 km)), it only runs eight times a day, Monday to Saturday (four in the morning and four in the afternoon). The first bus departs Dunoon Pier at 5:48 AM (terminating at Tighnabruiach's Royal an Lochan hotel; the second run is the first to terminate at Portavadie ferry terminal); the last one at 5:30 PM. The journey takes between an hour and an hour and a half. On weekdays, additional stops in Dunoon, Hunters Quay, Ardnadam and Sandbank occur in the mid-afternoon to support the release of children from local schools.

## Route

From Dunoon Pier, the route takes the passenger north through Sandbank on the A885, then west through Clachaig, Ardtaraig and (after rounding the northern shores of Loch Striven) Auchenbreck via the B836 (part of National Cycle Route 75). It then turns south on the A886 en route to the MV Loch Dunvegan for the short ferry crossing between Colintraive and Rhubodach on the Isle of Bute. The bus retraces its route to the north and continues past the junction with the B836, before looping around Loch Ruel to Tighnabruiach, Millhouse and Portavadie.
# Pilar Montoya

Pilar Montoya Manzano (1960 – 6 March 2015), known as La Faraona, was a Spanish Romani flamenco dancer. A member of the Farrucos family, she was the eldest daughter of dancer Antonio "Farruco" Montoya Flores [es] and singer Enriqueta Reyes, as well as the sister of Rosario "La Farruca" Montoya and the aunt of Juan Manuel "Farruquito" Fernández Montoya [es], Antonio El Farru, and El Carpeta.

## Biography

Pilar Montoya was born in Seville in 1960, the eldest daughter of dancer Antonio "Farruco" Montoya Flores [es] and singer Enriqueta Reyes. She grew up in a family atmosphere where flamenco dancing and singing were deeply ingrained. In her dances, she was known for bulerías of great precision, and especially for tangos "with a touch of mischief and the canastero seal" in the family's style, to which she added her own stamp. At age 15 she began to accompany her father, Farruco [es], in all the shows that he mounted, including the Broadway tour of Flamenco Puro, along with Concha Vargas and other flamenco stars. "La Faraona", as Montoya became known, went on to appear in Andalucía Flamenca and Persecución as a soloist. She was also part of the film documentary about her family, Bodas de gloria, directed by Ricardo Pachón [es] and Manuel Palacios.
In 2006, she co-starred with her sister Rosario in Gitanas at the Mont-de-Marsan Festival in France. She appeared in several shows with her nephew Farruquito [es], including Alma Vieja at her last Bienal de Flamenco of Seville in 2014. She also toured internationally with flamenco artists outside her family, such as El Güito and Manuela Carrasco [es].
In addition to performing, in her later years, Pilar Montoya taught courses and seminars on flamenco dancing at Seville's Flamencos por el Mundo academy.
She died in Seville on 6 March 2015 after a long illness, weeks after making her last public appearance on 24 February, presenting Mi Herencia with her sister Rosario, as part of the flamenco cycle Viene del Sur at Seville's Teatro Central [es]. Her son Juan "El Barullo" Fernández has continued the family tradition, winning an award at the 2015 Festival del Cante de las Minas [es].

## Style

On the occasion of a tribute to Pilar Montoya by her nephew Farruquito, Europa Press described her style:
   Like that of her illustrious progenitor, La Faraona's dance is short and straightforward, simple in its technical aspect but very precise, full of strength and confidence in its own transmission capacity. La Faraona was unique because, within the familiar aesthetic keys, she developed a style of strength but also whimsy, full of flavor and sense of humor, a facet that exploded mainly in tangos. She was, without doubt, the blackest, the most African of the Farruco family.
   The last image of La Faraona is her canastero style, her way of breaking into a barefoot scene and with a wicker basket on her arm, bouncing to the rhythm of tangos. Her unique hip movement will go down in the history of flamenco dance.
# Impact for Africa S.p.A.

Impact For Africa S.p.A. (IFA) is an impact investment company which focuses on developing the agricultural value chain in Rwanda and Namibia investing in regenerative agriculture and agro processing. IFA has been honored at the Africa Impact Investments Awards, 2nd Place in the Project Developer of the Year category and 2nd Place in the Asset Owner of the Year category.
IFA has developed the first industria avocado oil processing plant in Rwanda in partnership with Smallholder Resilience Fund and OneAcreFund and it has innitiated the first project of regenerative agriculture in Namibia in collaboration with the Namibian Correntional Services and the UN World Food Programme.
# Impact ionization

Impact ionization is the process in a material by which one energetic charge carrier can lose energy by the creation of other charge carriers. For example, in semiconductors, an electron (or hole) with enough kinetic energy can knock a bound electron out of its bound state (in the valence band) and promote it to a state in the conduction band, creating an electron-hole pair. For carriers to have sufficient kinetic energy a sufficiently large electric field must be applied, in essence requiring a sufficiently large voltage but not necessarily a large current.
If this occurs in a region of high electrical field then it can result in avalanche breakdown. This process is exploited in avalanche diodes, by which a small optical signal is amplified before entering an external electronic circuit. In an avalanche photodiode the original charge carrier is created by the absorption of a photon.
The impact ionization process is used in modern cosmic dust detectors like the Galileo Dust Detector and dust analyzers Cassini CDA, Stardust CIDA and the Surface Dust Analyser for the identification of dust impacts and the compositional analysis of cosmic dust particles.
In some sense, impact ionization is the reverse process to Auger recombination.
Avalanche photodiodes (APD) are used in optical receivers before the signal is given to the receiver circuitry the photon is multiplied with the photocurrent and this increases the sensitivity of the receiver since photocurrent is multiplied before encountering of the thermal noise associated with the receiver circuit.
# Pista de remo y canotaje (Ciudad Guzmán)

The Rowing and Canoeing course is a rowing and canoeing venue in Lake Zapotlán built at a cost of 30-40 million pesos in Ciudad Guzmán, Jalisco, Mexico. It was built to host the rowing and canoeing events at the 2011 Pan American Games. The complex included temporary stands for 1,000 spectators, a return canal, gymnasium and boathouse. After the games it will serve as a training center and host to national and international competitions.
# Piz Paradisin

Piz Paradisin (also known as Pizzo Paradisino) is a mountain of the Livigno Alps, located on the border between Italy and Switzerland. With an elevation of 3,302 metres (10,833 ft) above sea level, it is the third highest mountain of the Livigno Alps. On its west side lies a glacier named Vadreit da Camp.
# Piz Pazzola

Piz Pazzola is a mountain of the Swiss Lepontine Alps, situated near Sedrun in the canton of Graubünden. It lies on the range west of the Val Medel.
# N.W.A. Legacy

N.W.A. Legacy may refer to:
* The N.W.A Legacy, Vol. 1: 1988–1998
* The N.W.A Legacy, Vol. 2
# 53rd Space Operations Squadron

The 53rd Space Operations Squadron (53 SOPS) is a United States Space Force unit. Assigned to the Space Operations Command's Space Delta 8, it is responsible for providing payload and transmission command and control of the Wideband Global SATCOM and Defense Satellite Communications System constellations. It is headquartered at Schriever Space Force Base, Colorado. Whereas the 4th Space Operations Squadron (4 SOPS) operates the satellite "bus" (e.g. the solar cells, batteries, propulsion, etc), the 53 SOPS is responsible for operating the mission payload - high capacity "wideband" military satellite communications.

## History

The Squadron's namesake comes from the Army's 53rd Signal Battalion, which before deactivation was assigned the U.S. Army Space and Missile Defense Command's U.S. Army Satellite Operations Brigade. In September 2021, it was announced that the Battalion's operational mission and personnel would be transferred to the United States Space Force. Activated on 29 June 2022 at a ceremony held at Peterson Space Force Base, the Squadron became the newest unit within the United States Space Force. The unit is distinct in its mission, being the sole armed forces entity to control payload functionality for all U.S. Wideband MILSATCOM.

## Emblem symbolism

The 53d Space Operations Squadron's emblem consists of the following elements:
* Platinum represents the men and women of Space Operations Command.
* Atlas and the Globe symbolize the unwavering strength and support 53d Space Operations Squadron Guardians provide globally to warfighters, interdepartmental, and multinational partners.
* The spacecraft and orbit signify Guardians' mastery of payloads and transmission control through generations of communications platforms.
* The constellation Pleiades pays homage to the organization's past as a United States Army unit and the seven stars represent previous command structure and operational elements at each Wideband Satellite Operations Center. Ancient stories depict the Pleiades as a group of loved ones who left their way of life to ascend to the heavens, and the 53d Space Operations Squadron embodies these stories in its transfer to the United States Space Force.

## Structure

Headquarters, Schriever Space Force Base, Colorado
* Detachment A, Fort Detrick, Maryland
* Detachment B, Fort Meade, Maryland
* Detachment C, Landstuhl, Germany - Activated 19 July 2022
* Detachment D, Wahiawa, Hawaii - Changed from Camp Roberts, California to Wahiawa, Hawaii in 2011
* Detachment E, Fort Buckner, Japan

## List of commanders

* Lt Col D. Susan Rogers, 29 June 2022

## List of superintendents

* SMSgt Raymond T. Flores, 29 June 2022
# 5454 aluminium alloy

5454 aluminium–magnesium alloy is an alloy in the wrought aluminium-magnesium family (5000 or 5xxx series). It is closely related to 5154 aluminium alloy. As an aluminium-magnesium alloy, it combines moderate-to-high strength with excellent weldability. Like 5154, 5454 aluminium is commonly used in welded structures such as pressure vessels and ships. As a wrought alloy, it can be formed by rolling, extrusion, and forging (although forging is not common), but not casting. It can be cold worked to produce tempers with a higher strength but a lower ductility. It is generally not clad.
Alternate names and designations include 3.3537, N51, and A95454. The alloy and its various tempers are covered by the following standards:
* ASTM B 209: Standard Specification for Aluminium and Aluminium-Alloy Sheet and Plate
* ASTM B 221: Standard Specification for Aluminium and Aluminium-Alloy Extruded Bars, Rods, Wire, Profiles, and Tubes
* ASTM B 547: Standard Specification for Aluminium and Aluminium-Alloy Formed and Arc-Welded Round Tube
* ISO 6361: Wrought Aluminium and Aluminium Alloy Sheets, Strips and Plates

## Chemical composition

The alloy composition of 5454 aluminium is:
* Aluminium: 94.5 to 97.1%
* Chromium: 0.05 to 0.20%
* Copper: 0.1% max
* Iron: 0.4% max
* Magnesium: 2.4 to 3.0%
* Manganese: 0.5 to 1.0%
* Silicon: 0.25% max
* Titanium: 0.2% max
* Zinc: 0.25% max
* Residuals: 0.15% max

## Properties

Typical material properties for 5454 aluminium alloy include:
* Density: 2.69 g/cm$^3$, or 168 lb/ft$^3$.
* Young's modulus: 70 GPa, or 10 Msi.
* Electrical conductivity: 34% IACS.
* Ultimate tensile strength: 240 to 300 MPa, or 35 to 44 ksi.
* Thermal Conductivity: 130 W/m-K.
* Thermal Expansion: 22.3 μm/m-K.
# Mława Miasto railway station

Mława Miasto railway station is a railway station at Mława, Mława County, Masovian, Poland. It is served by Koleje Mazowieckie.
# Plasmodium cnemaspi

Plasmodium cnemaspi is a parasite of the genus Plasmodium subgenus Sauramoeba.
Like all Plasmodium species P. cnemaspi has both vertebrate and insect hosts. The vertebrate hosts for this parasite are lizards.

## Description

The parasite was first described by Telford in 1984.

## Geographical occurrence

This species is found in the Uluguru Mountains, Tanzania.

## Clinical features and host pathology

This species infects the lizard Cnemaspis africana.
# Münnich

Münnich is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Count Burkhard Christoph von Münnich (1683 – 1767), German nobleman and general in the Russian army
* Ferenc Münnich (1886–1967), Hungarian politician
* René Münnich (born 1977), German racing driver and team owner
** Münnich Motorsport, auto racing team
* Richard Münnich (1877–1970), German musicologist and music pedagogue
# NFL Showdown

Created in 2001, NFL Showdown is an out-of-print collectible card game by Wizards of the Coast based on American football. Cards feature players from the 2001-2003 seasons. During gameplay the game uses a barcode reader which resolves play selection. The game has been out of print since 2003.
# In Search of a Future

In Search of a Future: The Story of Kashmir is a book written by Indian journalist and author David Devadas, first published in 2007 by Viking Penguin. The book discusses the history of Kashmir, starting with the revolt of the Muslim majority populace against their ruler, and traces the roots of the insurgency in the state of Jammu and Kashmir. Devadas spent about 9 years researching the book.
# Plakophilin

Plakophilin are proteins of the cytoskeleton. They are involved in regulating the adhesive activity of cadherin.
The three types of plakophilin proteins found in humans are PKP1, PKP2, and PKP3; all exhibiting dual localization in the nucleus as well as desmosomes.
Genes include:
* PKP1
* PKP2
* PKP3
# Plakohypaphorine

Plakohypaphorines are halogenated indolic non-proteinogenic amino acids named for their similarity to hypaphorine (N,N,N-trimethyltryptophan betaine). First reported in the Caribbean sponge Plakortis simplex in 2003, plakohypaphorines A-C were the first iodine-containing indole alkaloids to be discovered in nature. Plakohypaphorines D-F, also found in P. simplex, were reported in 2004 by a group including the researchers who discovered the original plakohypaphorines.
| Plakohypaphorine | Chemical name | Chemical formula | SMILES |
| Plakohypaphorine | 7-Iodo-N,N,N-trimethyltryptophan | C$_{14}$H$_{17}$IN$_2$O$_2$ | OC(=O)C(N(C)(C)C)Cc2cnc1c2cccc1I |
| Plakohypaphorine B | 6,7-Diiodo-N,N,N-trimethyltryptophan | C$_{14}$H$_{16}$I$_2$N$_2$O$_2$ | OC(=O)C(N(C)(C)C)Cc2cnc1c2ccc(I)c1I |
| Plakohypaphorine C | 5,7-Diiodo-N,N,N-trimethyltryptophan | C$_{14}$H$_{16}$I$_2$N$_2$O$_2$ | CN(C)(C)C(C(=O)O)Cc2cnc1c2cc(I)cc1I |
| Plakohypaphorine D | 5,6-Diiodo-N,N,N-trimethyltryptophan | C$_{14}$H$_{16}$I$_2$N$_2$O$_2$ | Ic2cc1c(cc2I)ncc1CC(C(O)=O)N(C)(C)C |
| Plakohypaphorine E | 5,6,7-Triiodo-N,N,N-trimethyltryptophan | C$_{14}$H$_{15}$I$_3$N$_2$O$_2$ | CN(C)(C)C(C(=O)O)Cc1cnc(c(I)c2I)c1cc2I |
| Plakohypaphorine F | 6-Chloro-5-iodo-N,N,N-trimethyltryptophan | C$_{14}$H$_{16}$ClIN$_2$O$_2$ | Clc2c1ncc(CC(C(O)=O)N(C)(C)C)c1cc(I)c2 |
# Plakobranchidae

Plakobranchidae is a family of sea slugs, marine opisthobranch gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Plakobranchoidea. They superficially resemble nudibranchs but they are sacoglossans, members of the clade Sacoglossa within the Opisthobranchia.

## Taxonomy

Elysiidae was originally described as "Elysiadae" by Forbes & Hanley in 1851 in the book A history of British Mollusca and their Shells 3:613. In the taxonomy of Bouchet & Rocroi (2005), the family Elysiidae is considered to be a synonym of the family Plakobranchidae Gray, 1840.
The original spelling Placobranchidae, based on Placobranchus, an incorrect subsequent spelling by Férussac (1824) in a translation of van Hasselt's work. Franc (1968: 848) and Jensen (1996: 92) attributed the name to Rang, 1829 (p. 134), who used the vernacular "les Placobranches". Jensen (1997: 180-181) argued for the restoration of the spelling Plakobranchidae, and she has been followed by Wägele & Willan (2000: 91). Bouchet & Rocroi (2005: 133), argued that the spellings Placobranchus and Placobranchidae were in prevailing usage and were conserved under Art. 33.3.1. This view has been challenged by R. Burn and the spelling Plakobranchidae is now preferred.
This family has no subfamilies.

## Genera

Genera in the family Plakobranchidae are:
* Bosellia Trinchese, 1891
* Elysia Risso, 1818
* Plakobranchus van Hasselt, 1824 – type genus
* Thuridilla Bergh, 1872
* Elysia timida
* Plakobranchus ocellatus
* Thuridilla decorata
* Thuridilla hopei
* Thuridilla moebii
# Narlıdere, Kestel

Narlıdere is a neighbourhood in the municipality and district of Kestel, Bursa Province in Turkey. Its population is 509 (2022).
# Ortenberg

Ortenberg may refer to several places in Germany:
* Ortenberg, Hesse
* Ortenberg, Baden-Württemberg
* Ortenberg Castle, near Ortenberg, Baden-Württemberg
* Ortenberg (mountain), Baden-Württemberg
# Opportunistic collaboration

Opportunistic collaboration is a flexible, emergent design for collaborative learning. In this process, groups form, break up, and recombine as part of an emerging process, with all participants aware of and helping to advance the structure of the whole. This is different from fixed, small group collaboration, in which groups are often fixed for the duration of the inquiry, with a pre-specified culminating task, and a fixed stage-model of inquiry with a time-line for each stage, making clear who will do what, in what format and by when.
Opportunistic collaboration is emerging in knowledge organizations. As Chatzkel (2003) asserted, a knowledge organization “needs to nurture its people so that they feel free to move about in their organization, to group and regroup in different configurations as needed, and to rework themselves and their resources in concert with their new conditions.” (p. 20) It is a promising direction to explore this design in educational contexts. A recent study (Zhang et al., 2006) indicated that the opportunistic collaboration model led to a high level of collective responsibility, more pervasive, flexible, distributed collaborations, and greater diffusion of information and knowledge advances.
# 2010 National Soccer Hall of Fame Induction Class

These are the results for the voting for the National Soccer Hall of Fame 2010 induction class. Thomas Dooley and Preki Radosavljević were selected for the Player category, Kyle Rote, Jr. as a Veteran and Bruce Arena as a Builder.
The Hall of Fame inducts individuals in three categories, Player, Veteran and Builder. The Hall of Fame also selects individuals for special awards including the Colin Jose Media Award, Eddie Pearson Award and a Medal of Honor.

## Player

To be eligible in this category, a player must have been retired at least three years and not more than ten. Voting began on November 7, 2009 and ended a month later. Any player who was named on at least 66.7% of the ballots cast was selected for induction. Any player who received less than 5% of the ballots was dropped from the Player eligibility list and will be placed on the Veterans eligibility list when they meet the criteria for that list.

### Voting results

Voters cast 117 votes. The balloting was tight with only two individuals exceeding the minimum of 66.7% required for induction.
Elected to the Hall of Fame:
| Thomas Dooley Preki Radosavljević | 70.94% 68.38% |
Not elected but remaining on future ballots:
| Earnie Stewart Shannon MacMillan Joe-Max Moore Marco Etcheverry Carlos Valderrama Cindy Parlow Peter Vermes Chris Henderson | 58.12% 54.70% 52.14% 50.43% 47.01% 38.46% 37.61% 31.62% |

### Eligible players

The following individuals were also declared eligible for induction in 2010, but were not among those that got the top number of votes.
| Mike Burns Mauricio Cienfuegos Raúl Díaz Arce John Doyle Robin Fraser | Eduardo Hurtado Dominic Kinnear Roy Lassiter Victor Nogueira Peter Nowak | John O'Brien Mike Sorber Steve Trittschuh Tisha Venturini |

## Veteran

On October 9, 2009, the Veterans Screening Committee announced the selection of the following ten candidates from a pool of 338 eligible players. On April 12, 2010, the Hall of Fame announced that, with 195 votes cast, Kyle Rote, Jr. was selected by one vote over Glenn Myernick.
Elected to the Hall of Fame:
| Kyle Rote, Jr. | 60.42% |
Not elected:
| Glenn Myernick Shep Messing Desmond Armstrong George Best Linda Hamilton Teófilo Cubillas Bruce Murray Bill McPherson Lori Henry | 58.33% 50.00% 45.83% 43.75% 39.58% 38.46% 35.42% 20.83% 12.50% |

## Builder

On October 19, 2009, the Builder's Screening Committee announced the selection of the following ten candidates from a list of 59 eligible candidates. On January 23, 2010, the Hall of Fame announced that Bruce Arena was selected for induction.
Elected to the Hall of Fame:
| Bruce Arena | 77.78% |
Not elected but remaining on future ballots:
| Bob Gansler Tony DiCicco Chuck Blazer Francisco Marcos Bob Contiguglia Don Garber Sigi Schmid Kevin Payne Fritz Marth | 57.41% 51.85% 46.30% 40.74% 38.89% 38.89% 37.04% 25.93% 22.22% |
# Mercedes-Benz 450

Mercedes-Benz has sold a number of automobiles with the "450" model name:
* 1972–1980 R107
** 1972–1980 450SLC
** 1973–1980 450SL
* 1973–1979 W116
** 1973–1976 450SE
** 1974–1980 450SEL