OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# 2016 Red Bull Air Race of Abu Dhabi

24°28′17″N 54°19′50″E﻿ / ﻿24.47139°N 54.33056°E﻿ / 24.47139; 54.33056
The 2016 Red Bull Air Race of Abu Dhabi was the first round of the 2016 Red Bull Air Race World Championship season, the eleventh season of the Red Bull Air Race World Championship. The event was held in Abu Dhabi, the capital of the United Arab Emirates.

## Master Class
### Qualification

| Pos | No. | Pilot | Run Time | Pen |
| 1 | 95 | Matt Hall | 58.079 | |
| 2 | 21 | Matthias Dolderer | 58.268 | |
| 3 | 99 | Michael Goulian | 59.184 | |
| 4 | 31 | Yoshihide Muroya | 59.242 | |
| 5 | 27 | Nicolas Ivanoff | 59.523 | |
| 6 | 22 | Hannes Arch | 59.764 | |
| 7 | 9 | Nigel Lamb | 1:00.160 | |
| 8 | 84 | Pete McLeod | 1:00.424 | |
| 9 | 26 | Juan Velarde | 1:01.008 | |
| 10 | 8 | Martin Šonka | 1:01.503 | +2secs |
| 11 | 18 | Petr Kopfstein | 1:01.972 | |
| 12 | 12 | François Le Vot | 1:02.135 | |
| 13 | 37 | Peter Podlunšek | 1:02.154 | +2secs |
| 14 | 10 | Kirby Chambliss | DNF | |

### Round of 14

| Heat | Pilot One | Time One | Time Two | Pilot Two |
| 1 | Martin Šonka (10) | DSQ | 1:02.628 | Nicolas Ivanoff (5) |
| 2 | Petr Kopfstein (11) | 1:05.009 | 1:01.154 | Yoshihide Muroya (4) |
| 3 | Juan Velarde (9) | 1:01.684 | 1:01.607 | Hannes Arch (6) |
| 4 | François Le Vot (12) | 1:00.752 | 1:00.653 | Michael Goulian (3) |
| 5 | Pete McLeod (8) | 1:00.408 | 1:01.722 | Nigel Lamb (7) |
| 6 | Peter Podlunšek (13) | 1:04.992 | 1:02.301 | Matthias Dolderer (2) |
| 7 | Kirby Chambliss (14) | 59.864 | 1:01.299 | Matt Hall (1) |
Key :
* Qualified for next round
* Knocked out
* Fastest loser, qualified
^1 Pilot received 2 seconds in penalties ^2 Pilot received 3 seconds in penalties

### Round of 8

| Heat | Pilot One | Time One | Time Two | Pilot Two |
| 1 | François Le Vot (12) | 1:03.748 | DNF | Yoshihide Muroya (4) |
| 2 | Hannes Arch (6) | 58.729 | 59.449 | Michael Goulian (3) |
| 3 | Pete McLeod (8) | DNF | 58.734 | Matthias Dolderer (2) |
| 4 | Kirby Chambliss (14) | 59.260 | 58.601 | Nicolas Ivanoff (5) |
Key :
* Qualified for next round
* Knocked out

### Final 4

| Pos | No. | Pilot | Run Time | Pen |
| 1 | 27 | Nicolas Ivanoff | 58.550 | |
| 2 | 21 | Matthias Dolderer | 58.660 | |
| 3 | 12 | François Le Vot | 1:02.281 | +2secs |
| 4 | 22 | Hannes Arch | DSQ | |

## Challenger Class
### Results

| Pos | No. | Pilot | Run Time |
| 1 | 17 | Daniel Ryfa | 1:06.308 |
| 2 | 48 | Kevin Coleman | 1:06.945 |
| 3 | 62 | Florian Berger | 1:08.325 |
| 4 | 24 | Ben Murphy | 1:08.390 |
| 5 | 6 | Luke Czepiela | 1:09.206 |
| 6 | 77 | Francis Barros | DSQ |

## Standings after the event

| Pos | Pilot | Pts |
| 1 | Nicolas Ivanoff | 15 |
| 2 | Matthias Dolderer | 12 |
| 3 | François Le Vot | 9 |
| 4 | Hannes Arch | 7 |
| 5 | Kirby Chambliss | 6 |
| Pos | Pilot | Pts |
| 1 | Daniel Ryfa | 10 |
| 2 | Kevin Coleman | 8 |
| 3 | Florian Berger | 6 |
| 4 | Ben Murphy | 4 |
| 5 | Luke Czepiela | 2 |
* Note: Only the top five positions are included for both sets of standings.
# Mohammad Akbar (politician)

Mohammad Akbar is an Indian politician of the Indian National Congress. He was a Cabinet Minister of Chhattisgarh. He was a member of the Chhattisgarh Legislative Assembly representing Kawardha.
# 2021 Tønder municipal election

In 2020, Venstre would drop, mayor at the time, Henrik Frandsen as their candidate for the next election. This led to Henrik Frandsen along with 5 others, to create Tønder Listen, a breakout party who intended to get Henrik Frandsen reelected as mayor.
In the election result, Tønder Listen would win 9 seats, while Venstre would lose 9 seats and only win 6. However, Venstre wanted to avoid Henrik Frandsen continuing as mayor. Eventually, Jørgen Popp Petersen from regional party Schleswig Party had a majority backing him as mayor. The agreement consisted of the Social Democrats, the Conservatives, The New Right, Borgerlisten and Schleswig Party. This marked the first mayor from Schleswig Party in 75 years.

## Electoral system

For elections to Danish municipalities, a number varying from 9 to 31 are chosen to be elected to the municipal council. The seats are then allocated using the D'Hondt method and a closed list proportional representation. Tønder Municipality had 31 seats in 2021
Unlike in Danish General Elections, in elections to municipal councils, electoral alliances are allowed.

## Electoral alliances

Source
Electoral Alliance 1
| Party | Political Position |
| Conservatives | Centre-right |
| Liberal Alliance | Centre-right to Right-wing |
| Schleswig Party | Regional Party / Centre |
Electoral Alliance 2
| Party | Political Position |
| The New Right | Right-wing |
| Danish People's Party | Right-wing |
| Venstre | Centre-right |
Electoral Alliance 3
| Party | Political Position |
| Green Left | Centre-left to Left-wing |
| Borgerlisten | Local |
| Red–Green Alliance | Left-wing to Far-left |
| The Alternative | Centre-left to Left-wing |

## Results

| Party | Party | Votes | % | Seats | +/– |
| Tønder Municipality ||||||
| | Tønder Listen | 5,906 | 29.01 | 9 | New |
| | Venstre | 3,472 | 17.06 | 6 | -9 |
| | Social Democrats | 3,010 | 14.79 | 5 | -1 |
| | Schleswig Party | 2,706 | 13.29 | 4 | +2 |
| | Borgerlisten | 1,509 | 7.41 | 3 | +2 |
| | Conservatives | 1,115 | 5.48 | 2 | +1 |
| | Green Left | 805 | 3.95 | 1 | 0 |
| | The New Right | 747 | 3.67 | 1 | +1 |
| | Danish People's Party | 573 | 2.82 | 0 | -3 |
| | Red–Green Alliance | 282 | 1.39 | 0 | -1 |
| | Liberal Alliance | 152 | 0.75 | 0 | -1 |
| | The Alternative | 78 | 0.38 | 0 | 0 |
| Total | Total | 20,355 | 100.00 | 31 | 0 |
| Valid votes | Valid votes | 20,355 | 98.19 | | |
| Invalid votes | Invalid votes | 119 | 0.57 | | |
| Blank votes | Blank votes | 256 | 1.23 | | |
| Total votes | Total votes | 20,730 | 100.00 | | |
| Registered voters/turnout | Registered voters/turnout | 29,697 | 69.81 | | |
| Source: KMD ||||||
# Palimar

Palimar is a village and Grama Panchayat in the Udupi district of Karnataka state, India. Palimaru village is located on north banks of River Shambavi It houses one of the Ashta Mathas of Udupi founded by the Dvaita philosopher Madhvacharya.
# Model 5

Model 5 may refer to:
* Operation Model 5, a military operation
* the Breese-Wilde Model 5, an airplane
* the Remington Model 5, a firearm
# Nilakanta Mahadeva Ayyar

Nilakanta Mahadeva Ayyar CIE (18 May 1899 to 29 March 1971) was a member of the erstwhile Indian Civil Service.

## Early life and education

He was born at Nagercoil in a Tamil Brahmin family on 18 May 1899 as the eldest of twelve children of Rao Bahadur Mahadeva Nilakanta Ayyar (an executive engineer ). He was educated at the Presidency College in Madras and later at Cambridge. His younger brothers included Prof N.A.Subramanian, an advocate specializing in Constitutional Law and Vice Admiral Nilakanta Krishnan.

## Administrator

Mahadeva Ayyar joined the ICS cadre in October 1922. He was initially posted in Bengal as assistant magistrate and collector and subsequently rose to the post of sub-divisional officer in 1924. From 1925 to 1927 he served the Finance Department of the Government of India as assistant collector of customs at Calcutta and Madras. In 1928 Ayyar was appointed as magistrate and collector of Bengal. From 1936 to 1942 he served as deputy secretary to the Industries and Labour Department, and then as the first chairman of the Coal Mines Stowing Board in 1939. In 1943 he served for a term as director and secretary of Civil Supplies, Government of Bengal, and then as Provincial Transport Commissioner. In 1947, after Independence he was appointed the first Indian chairman of the commissioners for the Port of Calcutta. While serving as the chairman, Coal Mining Stowing Board, Ayyar was awarded Companions of the Order of the Indian Empire (CIE)in 1941 and later Honorary Lieutenant Colonel. In 1952 he was appointed secretary to the Transport Ministry, Government of India.

## Death

Ayyar retired in 1958 and died in Bangalore in 1971. He was survived by two daughters and a son.
# 2010 Gerry Weber Open – Doubles

Christopher Kas and Philipp Kohlschreiber were the defending champions, but they lost to František Čermák and Michal Mertiňák in the quarterfinals. Sergiy Stakhovsky and Mikhail Youzhny won the final 4–6, 7–5, [10–7] against Martin Damm and Filip Polášek.

## Seeds

* František Čermák / Michal Mertiňák (semifinals)
* Martin Damm / Filip Polášek (final)
* Johan Brunström / Jean-Julien Rojer (semifinals)
* Michael Kohlmann / Jarkko Nieminen (first round)

## Draw
### Key

* Q = Qualifier
* WC = Wild card
* LL = Lucky loser
* Alt = Alternate
* SE = Special exempt
* PR = Protected ranking
* ITF = ITF entry
* JE = Junior exempt
* w/o = Walkover
* r = Retired
* d = Defaulted
* SR = Special ranking

### Draw

| First round | First round | First round | First round | First round | Quarterfinals | Quarterfinals | Quarterfinals | Quarterfinals | Quarterfinals | Semifinals | Semifinals | Semifinals | Semifinals | Semifinals | Final | Final | Final | Final | Final |
| 1 | F Čermák M Mertiňák | 6 | 6 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| ALT | A Beck S Greul | 1 | 3 | | 1 | F Čermák M Mertiňák | 6 | 6 | | | | | | | | | | | |
| WC | Y Allegro R Federer | 4 | 6$^6$ | | | C Kas P Kohlschreiber | 2 | 4 | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | C Kas P Kohlschreiber | 6 | 7$^8$ | | | | | | | 1 | F Čermák M Mertiňák | 6 | 3 | [9] | | | | | |
| 4 | M Kohlmann J Nieminen | 6 | 6$^8$ | [5] | | | | | | | S Stakhovsky M Youzhny | 3 | 6 | [11] | | | | | |
| | S Stakhovsky M Youzhny | 1 | 7$^{10}$ | [10] | | S Stakhovsky M Youzhny | 7$^7$ | 6 | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | P Marx I Zelenay | 6 | 7$^7$ | | | P Marx I Zelenay | 6$^1$ | 3 | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | R Bopanna A-u-H Qureshi | 2 | 6$^3$ | | | | | | | | | | | | | S Stakhovsky M Youzhny | 4 | 7 | [10] |
| | L Friedl D Vemić | 7$^7$ | 6$^7$ | [4] | | | | | | | | | | | 2 | M Damm F Polášek | 6 | 5 | [7] |
| | M Chiudinelli V Troicki | 6$^5$ | 7$^9$ | [10] | | M Chiudinelli V Troicki | 2 | 6 | [8] | | | | | | | | | | |
| | B Becker P Petzschner | 7$^7$ | 6$^5$ | [5] | 3 | J Brunström J-J Rojer | 6 | 4 | [10] | | | | | | | | | | |
| 3 | J Brunström J-J Rojer | 6$^4$ | 7$^7$ | [10] | | | | | | 3 | J Brunström J-J Rojer | 2 | 6 | [9] | | | | | |
| | L Hewitt P Luczak | 7 | 6 | | | | | | | 2 | M Damm F Polášek | 6 | 3 | [11] | | | | | |
| WC | N Kiefer M Zverev | 5 | 3 | | | L Hewitt P Luczak | 3 | 3 | | | | | | | | | | | |
| ALT | J Chardy F Serra | 4 | 4 | | 2 | M Damm F Polášek | 6 | 6 | | | | | | | | | | | |
| 2 | M Damm F Polášek | 6 | 6 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
# 2016 Red Bull Air Race of Budapest

47°30′23″N 19°02′33″E﻿ / ﻿47.50639°N 19.04250°E﻿ / 47.50639; 19.04250
The 2016 Red Bull Air Race of Budapest was the fourth round of the 2016 Red Bull Air Race World Championship season, the eleventh season of the Red Bull Air Race World Championship. The event was held on the Danube in Budapest, Hungary. Much of the event was cancelled due to heavy rain.

## Master Class
### Qualification

Qualifying was cancelled due to inclement weather. Round of 14 fixtures were decided by championship standings.

### Round of 14

| Heat | Pilot One | Time One | Time Two | Pilot Two |
| 1 | Hannes Arch (5) | 59.772 | DNF | François Le Vot (10) |
| 2 | Yoshihide Muroya (4) | 59.647 | 59.492 | Juan Velarde (11) |
| 3 | Nigel Lamb (6) | 1:00.865 | 1:02.778 | Pete McLeod (9) |
| 4 | Nicolas Ivanoff (3) | 1:00.480 | 1:02.934 | Michael Goulian (12) |
| 5 | Martin Šonka (7) | DNF | 59.808 | Matt Hall (8) |
| 6 | Kirby Chambliss (2) | 1:01.151 | 1:05.193 | Peter Podlunšek (13) |
| 7 | Matthias Dolderer (1) | 1:04.763 | 1:05.046 | Petr Kopfstein (14) |
Key :
* Qualified for next round
* Knocked out
* Fastest loser, qualified
^1 Pilot received 2 seconds in penalties
^2 Pilot received 4 seconds in penalties

### Round of 8

| Heat | Pilot One | Time One | Time Two | Pilot Two |
| 1 | Nicolas Ivanoff (3) | 1:02.578 | 59.236 | Matt Hall (8) |
| 2 | Hannes Arch (5) | 58.942 | 1:01.689 | Nigel Lamb (6) |
| 3 | Kirby Chambliss (2) | 59.456 | 1:01.350 | Yoshihide Muroya (4) |
| 4 | Matthias Dolderer (1) | 58.653 | 1:03.149 | Juan Velarde (11) |
Key :
* Qualified for next round
* Knocked out
^1 Pilot received 2 seconds in penalties
^2 Pilot received 4 seconds in penalties

### Final 4

The Final 4 round was not held due to inclement weather. The final results were determined by the times set in the Round of 8, meaning Matthias Dolderer was the event winner. 75% of usual points were awarded in this situation.

## Challenger Class

Due to inclement weather on race day the Challenger Class race was cancelled.

## Standings after the event
### Master Class standings

| Pos | Pilot | Pts |
| 1 | Matthias Dolderer | 41.25 |
| 2 | Hannes Arch | 26 |
| 3 | Kirby Chambliss | 25.25 |
| 4 | Yoshihide Muroya | 22.5 |
| 5 | Nicolas Ivanoff | 22 |
* Note: Only the top five positions are included.
# Pavlovec Zabočki

Pavlovec Zabočki is a village in Croatia.
# Patriarch of Tur Abdin

From 1364 to 1816 the region of Tur Abdin constituted a distinct patriarchate within the Syriac Orthodox Church, with the following patriarchs:
* Ignatius Saba of Salah (1364–1389)
* Ignatius Isho' of Midhyat (1389–1418), died 1421
* Ignatius Mas'ud of Salah (1418–1420)
* Ignatius Henoch of 'Ayn Ward (1421–1444)
* Ignatius Qoma of Ba Sabrina (1444–1454)
* Ignatius Isho' of Salah (1455–1460)
* Ignatius 'Aziz (Philoxene) of Basila (1460–1482)
* Ignatius Saba of Arbo (1482–1488)
* Ignatius John Qofer of 'Ayn Ward (1489–1492)
* Ignatius Mas'ud of Zaz (1492–1512)
* Ignatius Isho' of Zaz (1515–1524)
* Ignatius Simon of Hattakh (1524–1551)
* Ignatius Jacob of Hisn (1551–1571)
* Ignatius Sahdo of Midhyat (1584–1621)
* Ignatius 'Abd Allah of Midhyat (1628–?)
* Ignatius Habib of Midhyat (1674–1707)
* Ignatius Denha of 'Arnas (1707–1725)
* Ignatius Barsum of Midhyat (1740–1791)
* Ignatius Aho and Ignatius Isaiah of Arbo (1791–1816), jointly
Between 1804 and c. 1840 there was a series of patriarchs of contested and limited authority:
* Severus Isḥoq (1804–1816)
* Yawsep of ʿArnas (1805–1834)
* Barṣawmo of Ḥbob (1816–1839)
* Mirza of Beth Sbirina (1816–1842)
* Barṣawmo of Beth Sbirina (1821–1842)
* Grigorios Zaytun Ghalma of Midyat (1821–1844)
* Severus ʿAbd al-Nūr of Arbo (1834–1839)
# Marshall–White syndrome

Marshall–White syndrome is a skin condition that consists of Bier spots associated with insomnia and tachycardia.$^{:820}$
# Palilula neighbourhood, Niš

Palilula (Serbian Cyrillic: Палилула, pronounced) is a neighborhood of the city of Niš, Serbia. It is located in Niš municipality of Palilula.

## Location

Palilula is located in the south-central part of Niš. It is partly flat and partly on hill bordered on the west by the neighborhood of Staro Groblje, on the south by neighborhood of Kovanluk, on the east by neighborhood of Apelovac, and on the north by neighborhoods of Marger.

## History

Palilula is one of the older neighborhoods of Niš. It was developed partly before and partly after 1878. Part of it was developed just after the construction of the railroad. During the Ottoman Empire the cities had been built very often by wooden beams, and there was a fire hazard. Therefore, during the Ottoman Empire, people were only allowed to smoke pipes out of the city walls. "Palilula" at that time was on the periphery, out of the city walls. The neighbourhood gives the name to the municipality of Palilula. The oldest part, located north of the railroad, became part of the municipality of Medijana, leaving the part southern of the railroad, which was developed after 1878, within the municipality of Palilula.

## Characteristics

The neighborhood is mostly residential. There is a St. Nikola Church, a City Music Club and a number of restaurants in the neighborhood.

## Future development

There is a plan of construction of new city boulevard by the railroad of Niš - Sofia.
# Model 45A

The Model 45A was a .30 caliber bullpup battle rifle/light machine gun developed by the United States Army in the Philippines in 1945. The weapon existed in prototype or mockup form, but never entered production. The rifle was sparsely documented until annotated photographs of the rifle were found in the archives of the United States Army Signal Corps.

## Design

The Model 45A utilized the magazine from the M1918 Browning Automatic Rifle. Rather than iron sights, it featured an integral scope. Its purpose is unclear, but it is alternately described as an "experimental .30 caliber light machine gun (LMG)" or a "field expedient .30 cal."
# Nils Börge Gårdh

Nils Börge Gårdh, (born 20 February 1946) is a Swedish Christian singer and businessman. His major solo hit, Jag längtar bort, charted at the top 10-chart Svensktoppen for 10 weeks in 1982. He also works for the Hoppets stjärna charity organization.

## Discography
### Albums

* 1975 – En sång om glädje
* 1976 – Kärleken från dej
* 1978 – En julhälsning från Nils-Börge Gårdh
* 1983 – I herrens händer
* 2001 – Jul, jul strålande jul

### Singles

* 2006 – Barndomsåren/Där sången aldrig tystnar
# HMS Scorpion (1746)

HMS Scorpion was a 14-gun two-masted Merlin-class sloop of the Royal Navy, built by Wyatt and Major at Bucklers Hard on the Beaulieu River in Hampshire, England and launched on 8 July 1746.
She foundered in the Irish Sea in September 1762.
# Paul Woldu

Paul Woldu (born September 14, 1984) is a former professional Canadian football cornerback. He was drafted by the Montreal Alouettes in the fifth round of the 2008 CFL Draft where he spent four years with the team. He played CIS football for the Saskatchewan Huskies football team.

## Early years

Woldu was born in Regina, Saskatchewan, and attended Dr. Martin LeBoldus High School. He played junior football with the Regina Thunder and earned an invitation as a non-roster player to the Saskatchewan Roughriders 2006 training camp, where he participated in a pre-season game before being released.
Upon his release from the Riders, Woldu played CIS football for the Saskatchewan Huskies for the 2006 and 2007 seasons, assisting them to the 2006 Hardy Cup and Mitchell Bowl championships and where he was named to the 2007 All-Canadian first-team. Woldu has won 3 Grey Cups in his career, two with the Montreal Alouettes in 2009 and 2010, and one with the Saskatchewan Roughriders in 2013..
# Patriarchal Cross of Romania

The Patriarchal Cross of Romania (Romanian: Crucea Patriarhală) is the highest Romanian Orthodox ecclesiastical decoration, established in 1925 by Patriarch Miron Cristea.

## Recipients

* Ilie Ilașcu (1994)
* Andrei Ivanțoc (1994)
* Tudor Petrov-Popa (1994)
* Alexandru Leșco (1994)
* Petru Godiac (1994)
* Carlo Paolicelli (2004)
* Dumitru Oprea (2005)
* Constantin Bălăceanu-Stolnici
* Traian Băsescu (2007)
* Nicanor Lemne (2015)
* Radu Ciuceanu (2017)
* Ștefan Buchiu (2018)
* Simona Halep (2019)
* Dumitru Comanescu (2020)
* George Becali (2021)
# Gundi Ellert

Gundi Ellert (born 8 September 1951 in Lengenfeld) is a German actress.

## Selected filmography

* Löwengrube – Die Grandauers und ihre Zeit (1989, 2 episodes)
* Sleeper (2005)
* Wedding Fever in Campobello (2009)
* Secret Hope [de] (2015, TV film)
# Palmer, Wisconsin

Palmer is an unincorporated community in the town of Rush River, St. Croix County, Wisconsin, United States. The community was named for local land owner William Palmer, who moved to the area from New York in the 1860s. The Palmer post office opened in December 1893 with William McConnell as the first postmaster.
# Hok

Hok may refer to:

## People

* Åke Hök (1889–1963), Swedish military officer and Olympic horse rider
* Hok Lundy (1950–2008), National Police Commissioner of Cambodia
* Hok Sochetra (born 1974), Cambodian football player
* Hokuto Konishi (born 1984) Japanese-American dancer

## Other uses

* HOK (firm), an American worldwide design, architecture and urban planning firm
* Hok, Sweden, a village
* Hok/sok system, a host-killing gene of the R1 E. coli plasmid
* Army Operational Command (Denmark) (Danish: Hærens Operative Kommando)
* Henge of Keltria, a druid order
* Hokan languages, a hypothetical language family of indigenous languages of North America
* Hong Kong, UNDP country code
* Hong Kong station, a station of the Hong Kong MTR
* House of Krazees, a hip hop group from Detroit
* Kaman HOK, a U.S. Navy helicopter
* Hok, a fictional character in The Five Ancestors
* Hooker Creek Airport, IATA airport code "HOK"
# Patricia Kippax

Patricia Kippax (23 September 1941 – 17 August 2009) was a British sprinter. She competed in the women's 400 metres at the 1964 Summer Olympics.

## Early life

She attended the Prendergast Girls Grammar School in Catford.
# Japanese mole

The Japanese mole (Mogera wogura; 土竜 or コウベモグラ, lit. "Earth Dragon"), also known as Temminck's mole, is a species of mole endemic to Japan. A solitary and diurnal species, it can live for up to 3.5 years in the wild. Their sizes vary depending on the temperature and the hardness of the soil they reside in.
The Kobe mole (M. kobeae) was formerly described as a distinct species, but is now known to be conspecific with M. wogura.
This species has shown signs of genetic drift through either paripatric or peripatric speciation. This conclusion has been reached due to the dental anomalies found within the Japanese Mole populations, depending on the region where the Japanese mole is found.
M. wogura is believed to have derived from the arrival of its ancestor to Japan around 0.1 to 0.01 MYA. This was around the last recorded glacial period.

## Locomotion

The Japanese mole (Mogera wogura) uses two methods of locomotion: crawling and burrowing, which provide an insight into its highly evolved mechanism of strong neural control. The Japanese mole's neural connections in its thoracic and lumbar vertebrate have an extremely strong connection with its fore and hindlimbs, which aid it in locomotion. They use these skills to remove piles of loose dirt through stroke-like movements compared to that of swimming.

## Ecology

Based on observations of previous specimens of the litter size of M. tokudae (including M. etigo), M. imaizumii (Abe 1968), M. wogura (Fujiwara 1960C, 1962), and Hoslett and Imaizumi (1966, 1967) it was shown that the season of reproduction for the Mogera species is usually limited in spring. However, in 2004 there were three young offspring of M. wogura in their nest in October within western Japan. There was a sexually active male and lactating female, both of the M. wogura species discovered in both September and October respectively.