OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# House of Photography of Marrakesh

The House of Photography of Marrakesh, also known by its French name Maison de la Photographie, is located in the historic medina of Marrakesh, Morocco. It opened in April 2009, with a collection of photographs spanning from the 1870s to the 1950s.

## History

The House of Photography opened in a renovated funduq (an inn for merchants and travellers). This cultural venue was established by Patrick Manac’h and Hamid Mergani as a place where old photographs taken in Morocco could be shown to the public. The museum opened in 2009.

## The collection

Although it started with a collection of a few thousand, the House of Photography now has a collection of around 10,000 documents and photographs, covering the period 1870–1960. It highlights the origins of photography in Morocco, with works by the early photographers who worked there, including George Washington Wilson, A. Cavilla and Marcelin Flandrin.
The collection includes rare views of Morocco, through pictures of the archaeological site of Volubilis (photographs by Henri de La Martinière), Moroccan landscapes (photographs by J. Belin), and important architectural complexes and casbahs. Portraits are given prominence, including those by H. Regnault (1870), Adolf de Meyer (Camera Work), and J. Robichez.
The collection of the House of Photography represents various historical and cultural aspects of Morocco, such as Berber culture, which is portrayed in photographs and the first colour documentary film in Morocco by Daniel Chicault, from 1957 on the Berber tribes of the High Atlas.
The collection also comprises a large series of (photographic plates) taken by anonymous photographers and travellers on their Grand Tour of Morocco.

## Activities

The House of Photography holds exhibitions of photos from its collection on different themes, which change every six months. It is also a research centre offering teachers and students information on the history and heritage of Morocco, as well as an educational venue open to schools.
# Patrick Tytler (British Army officer)

Lieutenant-Colonel Patrick Duff Tytler FRSE (1760–1849) was an 18th-century Scottish soldier who oversaw Stirling Castle.

## Life

He was born in the spring of 1760 in or near Edinburgh the son of William Tytler and his wife, Anne Craig of Costerton.
Trained as a career soldier he joined as an Ensign in the 57th Regiment of Foot and was dispatched to fight in the American War of Independence in 1776 under Lord Cornwallis. He was stationed on Long Island under Sir William Howe. He saw action at the Battle of Brooklyn in August 1776. He purchased a lieutenancy and led troops in the Battle of Monmouth Courthouse against Washington in June 1778. His battalion was then placed under overall command of Sir Charles Grey and attacked the village of Topan. During this attack he personally captured Washington's aide-de-camp Captain Randolph. Randolph was later released, and Tytler later encountered him when he, himself, was captured. This led to him having breakfast with George Washington, whom he greatly admired. He also took part in the Battle of Jamestown and at Fort Montgomery.
After the peace of 1782 he transferred to the 56th Regiment at the rank of Major. In 1793 he became aide-de-camp to Sir Ralph Abercrombie and fought with him in the Netherlands campaign. In Flanders he fought in the Battle of Cambray and Battle of Famars in May 1793. He was soon after promoted to Colonel in Lord Elgin's Fencibles.
He was Fort Major of Stirling Castle during the Napoleonic Wars until around 1805. In the early 19th century he became Assistant Quarter Master General for Scotland and relocated to Edinburgh. Although his official duties were at Edinburgh Castle he lived off-site with his family firstly at 3 Charlotte Street (off Princes Street), then at 11 Melville Street in Edinburgh's West End.
He was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh in 1814 and resigned in 1836. He was still living at 11 Melville Street.
He died at his son-in-law's estate, Ardona in Clackmannanshire (near Alva) on 14 March 1849 aged 89. He is buried in the grave of his father-in-law, Lord Alva, in St Cuthbert's churchyard at the west end of Princes Street in Edinburgh.
His will is held by the National Archive in Kew.

## Family

He was married to Isabella Erskine, daughter of James Erskine, Lord Alva (one of his father's legal colleagues). Their children included Anne, William and Elizabeth Glencairn Tytler. The latter married Sir Archibald Alison, 1st Baronet. Anne married Berkeley Buckingham Stafford (1797–1847) (High Sheriff of Louth in 1828), the father of Sir Edward Stafford (1819–1901), who served three terms as the Prime Minister of New Zealand.
He was younger brother to Alexander Fraser Tytler, Lord Woodhouselee and uncle to his sons, Patrick Fraser Tytler and James Fraser Tytler.
# Hours of Work (Coal Mines) Convention (Revised), 1935

Hours of Work (Coal Mines) Convention (Revised), 1935 was an International Labour Organization Convention that never came into force and was withdrawn.
It was established in 1935, with the preamble stating:
   Having decided upon the adoption of certain proposals with regard to the partial revision of the Convention limiting hours of work in coal mines adopted by the Conference at its Fifteenth Session,,...
The convention did not come into force.

## Modification

The principles contained in the convention were a revision of ILO Convention C31, Hours of Work (Coal Mines) Convention, 1931.

## Withdrawn

The convention was never brought into force, and was withdrawn at the ILO General Conference May 30, 2000.

## Ratifications

| Country | Date |
| Cuba | April 14, 1936 |
| Mexico | September 1, 1939 |
| Spain | November 30, 1971 |
# Martin Hladík

Martin Hladík (born 16 August 1953) is a Czech rower. He competed in the men's coxed four event at the 1980 Summer Olympics.
# Hierodula dolichoptera

Hierodula dolichoptera is a species of praying mantis in the family Mantidae.
# Parasyntormon

Parasyntormon is a genus of flies in the family Dolichopodidae. It is closely related to Syntormon, and was formerly considered a synonym of it.

## Species

* Parasyntormon appendiculatus Harmston & Knowlton, 1943
* Parasyntormon asellus Wheeler, 1899
* Parasyntormon classicus Harmston & Knowlton, 1943
* Parasyntormon emarginatus Wheeler, 1899
* Parasyntormon emarginicornis Curran, 1923
* Parasyntormon flavicoxa Van Duzee, 1922
* Parasyntormon fraterculus Van Duzee, 1922
* Parasyntormon hendersoni Harmston & Knowlton, 1939
* Parasyntormon hinnulus Wheeler, 1899
* Parasyntormon inornatus Becker, 1919
* Parasyntormon lagotis Wheeler, 1899
* Parasyntormon lepus Van Duzee, 1918
* Parasyntormon longicornis Van Duzee, 1933
* Parasyntormon montivagus Wheeler, 1899
* Parasyntormon mulinus Van Duzee, 1922
* Parasyntormon nigripes Harmston & Knowlton, 1943
* Parasyntormon occidentalis (Aldrich, 1894)
* Parasyntormon petiolatus Van Duzee, 1933
* Parasyntormon rotundicornis Van Duzee, 1926
* Parasyntormon utahnus Van Duzee, 1933
* Parasyntormon virens Harmston & Knowlton, 1943
* Parasyntormon wheeleri Aldrich, 1901
# Paul Noon

Paul Thomas Noon OBE (born 1 December 1952) is a former British trade unionist.
Noon left school at the age of eighteen, and joined the civil service. He became active in the Institution of Professional Civil Servants (IPCS), serving as a negotiator from 1973. The IPCS became the Institution of Professionals, Managers and Specialists (IPMS) and Noon was elected as its general secretary in 1999. In 2001, he took the IPMS into a merger which formed Prospect, becoming general secretary of the new organisation.
Noon served on the General Council of the Trades Union Congress from 2001, serving as its lead on energy and the environment, and on its executive committee from 2002. From 2001 to 2003 and 2009 to 2012, he chaired the Council of Civil Service Unions.
At the end of 2012, Noon retired from his trade union posts, and was made an Officer of the Order of the British Empire. He subsequently became a director of the Unity Trust Bank.
# Nikolaos Gioulekas

Nikoloas Gioulekas (in Greek Νικόλαος Γκιουλέκας) or Goletsis or Bourboutsiotis or Vourvourtziotis was a captain in the Greek War of Independence of 1821. His family originated from Eptahori (in Greek Επταχώρι) or Bourboutsiko (in Greek Βουρβουτσικό) in the prefecture of Kastoria (in Greek Καστοριά) in Northern Greece.

## Biography

Nikolaos Gioulekas was born towards the end of the 18th century in Eptahori. He participated in the Greek War of Independence as captain in Macedonia as well as in Southern Greece. He took part in multiple battles heading as military commander a unit of Eptahoriots. He was awarded the rank of brigadier general in the Hellenic Armed Forces. During the War of Independence he collaborated with Markos Botsaris and Theodoros Kolokotronis. The majority of his time, however, was spent fighting alongside Georgios Karaiskakis. In 1825 he was awarded the rank of tribunus militum (in Greek χιλίαρχος) in the unit led by Karaiskakis. He had a distinct contribution in the Battle of Arachova.
Following the end of the military operations he and his men returned to Eptahori where he continued to run the family’s grinding business and to operate the family-owned watermill. Along with him he brought two swords handsigned by Georgios Karaiskakis. He was finally murdered in Eptahori by a local due to personal differences.
# Mathieu Kociak

Mathieu Kociak is a French researcher of nano-optics at the French UMR Laboratoire de Physique des Solides.
He obtained his Ph.D. from the Université Paris-Sud in 2001 in carbon nanotubes, plasmons and superconductivity, under the supervision of Christian Colliex. He later did a post-doc at Meijo University.
He is the author of numerous peer-reviewed articles which have appeared in such journals as Nano Letters and Physical Review Letters among others.

## Awards

Some awards bestowed to Kociak are listed below:
* Guinier Prize from the French Physical Society (2002)
* FEI-EM award from the European Microscopy Society (2012)
# Ouro

Ouro is a municipality in the state of Santa Catarina in the South region of Brazil.
# Peccenini

Peccenini is an Italian surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Franco Peccenini (born 1953), Italian footballer
* Luigi Peccenini (born 1939), Italian businessman, educator, and speaker
# Misuku Hills

The Misuku Hills are a mountain range in Malawi's Northern Region.

## Geography

The Misuku Hills lie near Malawi's northern border. They are bounded on the north by the Songwe River, which forms Malawi's northern border with Tanzania. Tanzania's Umalila Mountains lie north of the Songwe.
On the east and south, the Misuku hills transition to a hilly plateau that slopes towards Lake Malawi. The valley of the Kaseye River, a northward-flowing tributary of the Songwe, bounds the hills on the west. The Chitipa Plain lies to the southwest.
The tallest peaks are Matipa (2124 m) and Mughese (1909 m).

## Ecology

The natural vegetation in the hills is mostly miombo woodland. The hills are fertile and well-watered and support a rural population, and much of the woodland has been converted to farms and gardens.
Two enclaves of montane evergreen forest live on the hills' highest ridges. They occupy two parallel ridges which run northwest-southeast, separated by several kilometers of cultivated land. The forests in the Matipa-Wilindi ridge occupy 2,400 ha, ranging from 1,700–2,050 meters elevation. The Mughese forests occupy about 720 ha, ranging from 1,600–1,880 meters elevation. The forests yield to pockets of montane grassland along the ridgeline.
The Afromontane rainforests of the Misuku hills are some of the most diverse and species-rich in Malawi, with 150 species of trees recorded. Their closeness to southwestern Tanzania's concentration of montane forests and grasslands, and the hills' favorable climate soils, help account for the diversity. Aningeria adolfi-friederici and Entandrophragma excelsum are predominant emergent trees. Strangler figs (Ficus spp.) are abundant. The montane forest trees Cylicomorpha parviflora and Mitragyna rubrostipulata reach the southern range of their distribution in the Misuku Hills.
The montane forests support populations of Moloney's White-collared Monkey (Cercopithecus mitis moloneyi). The only occurrence in Malawi of the Silvered bat (Glauconycteris argentata), Lord Derby's scaly-tailed squirrel (Anomalurus derbianus), and the Tanzanian vlei rat (Otomys lacustris) is in the Misuku Hills. The Black and red bush squirrel (Paraxerus lucifer) is found in the Misuku Hills, along with the Nyika Plateau to the south, and Mount Rungwe and Poroto Mountains to the north in Tanzania.

## Forest reserves

The Matipa (10.62 km$^2$), Mughese (6.73 km$^2$), and Wilindi (9.07 km$^2$) forest reserves were established in 1948 to protect the hills' largest enclaves of montane rainforest, along with areas of montane grassland and miombo woodland.
# Norwegian Bandy Premier League 2003–04

The 2003–04 season of the Norwegian Premier League, the highest bandy league for men in Norway.
20 games were played, with 2 points given for wins and 1 for draws. Mjøndalen won the league. No team was relegated; as the bottom two teams both survived a playoff round. Instead the league was expanded with two extra teams from the next season.

## League table

| Pos | Team | P | W | D | L | F | A | GD | Pts |
| 1 | Mjøndalen | 20 | 19 | 1 | 0 | 193 | 49 | +144 | 39 |
| 2 | Stabæk | 20 | 16 | 1 | 3 | 185 | 51 | +137 | 33 |
| 3 | Ullevål | 20 | 10 | 1 | 9 | 143 | 112 | +31 | 21 |
| 4 | Solberg | 20 | 6 | 3 | 11 | 96 | 152 | -56 | 15 |
| 5 | Sarpsborg | 20 | 3 | 3 | 14 | 61 | 166 | -105 | 9 |
| 6 | Drammen | 20 | 1 | 1 | 18 | 55 | 203 | -148 | 3 |
* League champion
* Relegated to the First Division
# Palazzo Giusti, Venice

The Palazzo Giusti, also known as the Palazzo Miani Coletti Giusti, is a Neoclassic-style palace located on the Canal Grande of Venice, between Ca' d'Oro and Palazzo Fontana Rezzonico in the Sestiere of Cannaregio, Venice, Italy.

## History

The palace was built in 1766, and soon became property of the Miani family, who sold it to the Coletti, then the Giusti. Along with the adjacent Ca' d'Oro, it houses portions of the Galleria Giorgio Franchetti alla Ca' d'Oro. The architect Antonio Visentini designed the four story palace with three ground floor niches displaying statues, flanked by doric pilasters.

## Architecture

The principal façade of Palazzo Giusti is greenish and was designed by Antonio Visentini with various style remainders to the Palladian architecture, such as: a high number of monofora openings instead of the polifora, which normally distinguish the noble (living) floors, the three water doors which are delimited by Doric order pillars and also are separated by three niches containing 18-century human statues, a remarkable eaves line inscribed in a lowered arch, an important attic room facing two terraces with a small column balustrade. The last noble floor hosts two circular niches surrounded by just as much tympana.
# Parasyrphus lineolus

Parasyrphus lineolus is a Holarctic species of hoverfly.

## Description

External images For terms see Morphology of Diptera Wing length 7·25-8·25 mm. Black face stripe. Leg 3 black with at most knee yellow, apex of tibiae 3 black. Tarsi 1 all segments black. Pterostigma dark grey. The male genitalia are figured by Hippa (1968). and Vockeroth (1969). The Larva is described and figured by Heiss (1938) . See references for determination.

## Distribution

Palearctic Fennoscandia South to the Pyrenees. Ireland East through Central Europe and South Europe (North Italy and the Balkans), then East into European Russia and from the Urals through Siberia to the Pacific coast (Kamchatka, Sakhalin Is.) Nearctic Alaska to Quebec South to Colorado and New Mexico.

## Biology

Habitat: Abies, Picea, Pinus forest. Flowers visited include yellow composites, white umbellifers, Acer platanoides, Achilea, Alchemilla, Anemone nemorosa, Calluna vulgaris, Caltha, Cardaminopsis, Galium, Inula, Meum, Petasites albus, Potentilla erecta, Prunus, Ranunculus, Rubus fruticosus, Salix, Sambucus nigra, Sorbus aucuparia, Taraxacum, Triplospermum inodorum, Valeriana officinalis, Veronica, Viburnum. The flight period is April to July. The larva is aphid feeding.
# Paul Noone (Gaelic footballer)

Paul Noone (born 1979) is a former Gaelic footballer who played for the Roscommon county team.
He won a Connacht Under-21 Football Championship in 1999. He was then part of the team that knocked future All-Ireland champions Galway out of the Connacht Senior Football Championship and into the newly created All-Ireland Senior Football Championship qualifiers.
Noone also played for Donegal Boston.
# Matrix analytic method

In probability theory, the matrix analytic method is a technique to compute the stationary probability distribution of a Markov chain which has a repeating structure (after some point) and a state space which grows unboundedly in no more than one dimension. Such models are often described as M/G/1 type Markov chains because they can describe transitions in an M/G/1 queue. The method is a more complicated version of the matrix geometric method and is the classical solution method for M/G/1 chains.

## Method description

An M/G/1-type stochastic matrix is one of the form
       $P={\begin{pmatrix}B_{0}&B_{1}&B_{2}&B_{3}&\cdots \\A_{0}&A_{1}&A_{2}&A_{3}&\cdots \\&A_{0}&A_{1}&A_{2}&\cdots \\&&A_{0}&A_{1}&\cdots \\\vdots &\vdots &\vdots &\vdots &\ddots \end{pmatrix}}$
where B$_i$ and A$_i$ are k × k matrices. (Note that unmarked matrix entries represent zeroes.) Such a matrix describes the embedded Markov chain in an M/G/1 queue. If P is irreducible and positive recurrent then the stationary distribution is given by the solution to the equations
       $P\pi =\pi \quad {\text{ and }}\quad \mathbf {e} ^{\text{T}}\pi =1$
where e represents a vector of suitable dimension with all values equal to 1. Matching the structure of P, π is partitioned to π$_1$, π$_2$, π$_3$, …. To compute these probabilities the column stochastic matrix G is computed such that
       $G=\sum _{i=0}^{\infty }G^{i}A_{i}.$
G is called the auxiliary matrix. Matrices are defined
       ${\begin{aligned}{\overline {A}}_{i+1}&=\sum _{j=i+1}^{\infty }G^{j-i-1}A_{j}\\{\overline {B}}_{i}&=\sum _{j=i}^{\infty }G^{j-i}B_{j}\end{aligned}}$
then π$_0$ is found by solving
       ${\begin{aligned}{\overline {B}}_{0}\pi _{0}&=\pi _{0}\\\quad \left(\mathbf {e} ^{\text{T}}+\mathbf {e} ^{\text{T}}\left(I-\sum _{i=1}^{\infty }{\overline {A}}_{i}\right)^{-1}\sum _{i=1}^{\infty }{\overline {B}}_{i}\right)\pi _{0}&=1\end{aligned}}$
and the π$_i$ are given by Ramaswami's formula, a numerically stable relationship first published by Vaidyanathan Ramaswami in 1988.
       $\pi _{i}=(I-{\overline {A}}_{1})^{-1}\left[{\overline {B}}_{i+1}\pi _{0}+\sum _{j=1}^{i-1}{\overline {A}}_{i+1-j}\pi _{j}\right],i\geq 1.$

## Computation of G

There are two popular iterative methods for computing G,
* functional iterations
* cyclic reduction.

## Tools

* MAMSolver
# Helene Holzman

Helene Holzman (30 August 1891 in Jena – 25 August 1968) was a German painter and writer. She spent time in a concentration camp. She posthumously won the Geschwister-Scholl-Preis for the memoir Dies Kind Soll Leben (This Child Must Live).
# Paul Read

Paul Read may refer to:
* Paul Read (footballer) (born 1973), retired English footballer
* Paul Read (music producer), British recording engineer and music producer
# Hoplodictya

Hoplodictya is a genus of marsh flies in the family Sciomyzidae. There are about five described species in Hoplodictya.

## Species

* H. acuticornis (Wulp, 1897)
* H. australis Fisher and Orth, 1972
* H. kincaidi (Johnson, 1913)
* H. setosa (Coquillett, 1901)
* H. spinicornis (Loew, 1866)
# Norwegian Bandy Premier League 2004–05

The 2004–05 season of the Norwegian Premier League, the highest bandy league for men in Norway.
21 games were played, with 2 points given for wins and 1 for draws. Mjøndalen won the league, whereas no team was relegated, as the bottom two teams survived a playoff round.

## League table

| Pos | Team | P | W | D | L | F | A | GD | Pts |
| 1 | Mjøndalen | 21 | 18 | 1 | 2 | 160 | 67 | +93 | 37 |
| 2 | Stabæk | 21 | 17 | 0 | 4 | 176 | 60 | +116 | 34 |
| 3 | Solberg | 21 | 16 | 0 | 5 | 142 | 97 | +45 | 32 |
| 4 | Ullevål | 21 | 9 | 1 | 11 | 110 | 117 | -7 | 19 |
| 5 | Sarpsborg | 21 | 9 | 1 | 11 | 97 | 115 | -18 | 19 |
| 6 | Drammen | 21 | 6 | 2 | 13 | 95 | 133 | -38 | 14 |
| 7 | Øvrevoll/Hosle | 21 | 2 | 3 | 16 | 68 | 158 | -90 | 7 |
| 8 | Ready | 21 | 3 | 0 | 18 | 60 | 161 | -101 | 6 |
* League champion
* Relegated to the First Division
# Miss Earth Switzerland

Miss Earth Switzerland is a Swiss beauty pageant for young women in Switzerland for Miss Earth pageant.

## Titleholders
### Color key

* Declared as winner
* Ended as runner-up
* Ended as one of the finalists or semifinalists
The winner of Miss Earth Switzerland represents her country at Miss Earth. On occasion, when the winner does not qualify (due to age) for either contest, a runner-up is sent.
| Year | Miss Switzerland | Placement at Miss Earth | Special Awards |
| 2001 | No Representative | No Representative | No Representative |
| 2002 | Jade Chang | Unplaced | |
| 2003 | Catherine Waldenmeyer | Unplaced | |
| 2004 | Simone Röthlisberger | Unplaced | |
| 2005 | No Representative | No Representative | No Representative |
| 2006 | Laura Ferrara | Unplaced | |
| 2007 | Stephanie Gossweiler | Top 8 | |
| 2008 | Nasanin Nuri | Top 8 | |
| 2009 | Graziella Rogers | Unplaced | Miss Friendship |
| 2010 | Liza Andrea Kuster | Unplaced | |
| 2011 | Irina de Giorgi | Unplaced | Miss Cute Face |
| 2012 | Lea Sara Wittwer | Unplaced | Most Fun Beauty |
| 2013 | Djoa Strassburg | Unplaced | Miss Friendship (Group 1) |
| 2014 | Shayade Hug | Unplaced | Miss Friendship (Group 2) |
| 2015 | Corinne Schädler | Unplaced | Charity Givers Snowman Building |
| 2016 | Manuela Oppikofer | Unplaced | |
| 2017 | Sarah Laura Peyrel | Top 16 | Miss Friendship (Group 3) Swimsuit (Group 3) |
| 2018 | Carolina Frias | Did Not Compete | Did Not Compete |
| 2019 | No Representative | No Representative | No Representative |
| 2020 | No Representative | No Representative | No Representative |
| 2021 | Jelena Vukcevic | Competed in the preliminaries but her absent in the coronation night. | |
# Paul Sédille

Paul Sédille (16 June 1836, Paris – 6 January 1900) was a French architect and theorist; and designed the 1880 reconstruction of the iconic Magasins du Printemps department store in Paris.

## Life

Though Sédille is best known for his Printemps design, he was also associated with the Creusot family foundry and was very active in professional associations and architectural education in the 1880s. He wrote a number of compelling pieces of architectural criticism, especially his review of contemporary Viennese and British architecture, and reflected what were by and large Teutonic theoretical concerns that have come to be understood as architectural realism, based on the works of Gottfried Semper.
Directly related to his interest in Semper, Sédille was an advocate of highly-coloured polychrome architecture. His participation in the Universal Expositions of 1878 and 1889 in Paris were demonstration pieces of his approach of integrating colorful terra cotta tilework and structural into the vocabulary of classical, beaux-arts architectural forms.
Sédille made his mark as a private architect executing residential commissions during an age that celebrated heroic, civic works such as the Paris Opéra (1860–1875) by Charles Garnier or the Palais de Justice (Paris, 1857–68) by Joseph-Louis Duc and Honoré Daumet.

## Work

* renovation of the Théâtre du Palais-Royal, with interior work by sculptor Jules Dalou, Paris, 1880
* Basilique du Bois-Chenu, Domrémy-la-Pucelle (origin of Joan of Arc), begun 1881, consecrated 1896
* Printemps department store renovation, Paris, with sculptor Henri Chapu, 1883
* monument to industrialist Eugène Schneider, with sculptor Henri Chapu