OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Henry M. Sheffer

Henry Maurice Sheffer (1 September 1882 – 17 March 1964) was an American logician.

## Life and career

Sheffer was a Polish Jew born in the western Ukraine, who immigrated to the USA in 1892 with his parents and six siblings. He studied at the Boston Latin School before entering Harvard University, learning logic from Josiah Royce, and completing his undergraduate degree in 1905, his master's in 1907, and his Ph.D. in philosophy in 1908.
Sheffer was a postdoctoral fellow at Harvard, and then taught University of Washington, Cornell, the University of Minnesota, the University of Missouri, and City College of New York for one year each. In 1916, he was hired by Harvard as a philosophy professor, where he stayed until he retired in 1952. Scanlan (2000) is a study of Sheffer's life and work.
Sheffer proved in 1913 that Boolean algebra could be defined using a single primitive binary operation, "not both . . . and . . .", now abbreviated NAND, or its dual NOR, (in the sense of "neither . . . nor"). Likewise, the propositional calculus could be formulated using a single connective, having the truth table either of the logical NAND, usually symbolized with a vertical line called the Sheffer stroke, or its dual logical NOR (usually symbolized with a vertical arrow or with a dagger symbol). Charles Peirce had also discovered these facts in 1880, but the relevant paper was not published until 1933. Sheffer also proposed axioms formulated solely in terms of his stroke.
Sheffer introduced what is now known as the Sheffer stroke in 1913; it became well known only after its use in the 1925 edition of Whitehead and Russell's Principia Mathematica. Sheffer's discovery won great praise from Bertrand Russell, who used it extensively to simplify his own logic, in the second edition of his Principia Mathematica. Because of this comment, Sheffer was something of a mystery man to logicians, especially because Sheffer, who published little in his career, never published the details of this method, only describing it in mimeographed notes and in a brief published abstract. W. V. Quine's Mathematical Logic also made much of the Sheffer stroke.
A Sheffer connective, subsequently, is any connective in a logical system that functions analogously: one in terms of which all other possible connectives in the language can be expressed. For example, they have been developed for quantificational and modal logics as well.
# Hikurangi (disambiguation)

Hikurangi may refer to:
* Hikurangi, a settlement in Northland, New Zealand
* Hikurangi River, a river in Northland, New Zealand
* Hikurangi Trough, an ocean trough off the East Coast of the North Island of New Zealand
* Hikurangi Plateau, an oceanic plateau off the East Coast of the North Island of New Zealand
* Hikurangi, the traditional Te Kawerau ā Maki name for West Auckland, New Zealand

## Peaks

* Mount Hikurangi (Gisborne District), a mountain near Ruatoria on the East Coast, New Zealand
* Mount Hikurangi (Northland), a mountain near Kaikohe in Northland, New Zealand
* Hikurangi, a volcanic cone near the settlement of Hikurangi in Northland, New Zealand
* Hikurangi, a cone near Taumarunui, New Zealand
# Piresiella

Piresiella is a genus of Cuban bamboo in the grass family. The only known species is Piresiella strephioides, found in palm savannahs and streambanks in the lowlands of western Cuba.
# Pompeius (disambiguation)

Pompeius, or Pompey (106 BC–48 BC), was a leading Roman general and statesman.
Pompeius may also refer to:
* Pompeia gens, a plebeian family of ancient Rome, with a list of notable people with the name, including:
** Pompeius (consul 501) (died 532), consul of the Eastern Roman Empire
* Pompeius (butterfly), a genus of skippers
# A. nivea

A. nivea may refer to:
* Acentria nivea, a synonym for Acentria ephemerella, the watermilfoil moth or water veneer, a moth species
* Argyrochosma nivea, an Andean fern species
* Aria nivea, a synonym for Sorbus aria, the whitebeam or common whitebeam, a tree species
* Asclepias nivea, the Caribbean milkweed, a plant species
# Håøya

Håøya may refer to:

## Places

* Håøya, Akershus, an island in Frogn Municipality in Akershus county, Norway
* Håøya, Svalbard, an island in the territory of Svalbard, Norway
* Håøya, Telemark, an island in Porsgrunn Municipality in Telemark county, Norway
* Håøya, Vestfold, an island in Færder Municipality in Vestfold county, Norway
# PNAC

PNAC may refer to:
* Project for the New American Century, former US-based think tank
* Pontifical North American College, America's Seminary in Rome
* Pakistan National Accreditation Council
# Nainar

Nainar is an Indian word which may refer to:
* Nainar Nagendran, an Indian politician in Tamil Nadu, India
* A title given to Tamil Jains living in Tamil Nadu, India
* A subgroup of the caste Udayar in Tamil Nadu, India
* A Muslim community in Cochin (see Nainars)
* Gopi Nainar, an Indian director; see Aramm
# Preferred charge

A preferred charge is an interim step in the United States' military justice system.
According to Jonathan Turley, a law professor at George Washington University, testifying before the Senate Intelligence Committee, the US military justice system equivalent of a formal charge is only leveled following the recommendation of an article 32 hearing -- a hearing held under the authority of article 32 of the Uniform Code of Military Justice.
# Portbury railway station

vteRailways in the Bristol area :
Legend :
Portbury railway station was a railway station serving the village and shipyard of Portbury in Somerset, near Bristol, England. It opened in 1867 and closed in 1962. The line through the station was closed in 1964 and the former station house is now a private dwelling.
A three-mile stretch of the former line between Portbury and Portishead was bought by North Somerset Council in 2008 in order to keep the option of re-opening the line alive.
| Preceding station | Historical railways | Historical railways | Historical railways | Following station |
| Pill Line open, Station closed | | Great Western Railway Portishead Railway | | Portishead Line closed, Station closed |
# Stupferich

Stupferich is a district of Karlsruhe. The high-altitude district is one of the Bergdörfer (mountain villages) of Karlsruhe and is located about 100 meters above the city center in the hilly landscape on the southeastern edge of the city area. In terms of natural geography, it belongs to the southern Kraichgau and has been part of the Central/North Black Forest Nature Park since January 2021.

## History

The first documented mention as Stutpferrich in a copy of the Codex Hirsaugiensis dates back to the year 1100. The name suggests that the place was originally built for horse breeding.
An alleged castle called Burg Stupferich, which is said to have been located south of the village, can no longer be proven today.
In 1972 Stupferich was incorporated into Karlsruhe.
# Hi, Gaucho!

Hi, Gaucho! is a 1935 American comedy film directed by Tommy Atkins (who also wrote the story), from a screenplay by Adele Buffington. Released by RKO Radio Pictures on October 11, 1935, the film stars John Carroll (in his first credited role), Steffi Duna, Rod La Rocque, and Montagu Love.
# Poor Boy (Elvis Presley song)

"Poor Boy" is a song by Elvis Presley. The song is credited to Elvis Presley and Vera Matson, the wife of Ken Darby, the principal writer, published by Elvis Presley Music. The song was featured in the 20th Century Fox movie Love Me Tender and was released as an RCA Victor EP in 1956.

## Background

"Poor Boy" was recorded on August 24, 1956.
"Poor Boy" appeared in the 1956 movie Love Me Tender released by 20th Century Fox. The song was released on an RCA Victor EP from the movie, Love Me Tender, EPA-4006, which also included the title track, "We're Gonna Move", and "Let Me".

## Soundtrack

"Poor Boy" reached no. 35 on the U.S. Billboard pop singles chart in December 1956, in an 11-week chart run.
Instead of a full long-playing album soundtrack, for Love Me Tender the four songs appearing in the film were released as an extended-play, seven-inch 45 RPM record on RCA Records, Love Me Tender, catalog EPA 4006, during November 1956. The EP was certified Platinum by the RIAA. The EP reached No. 10 on the Billboard EP chart, and No. 22 on the Billboard 200 album chart.
The four EP soundtrack songs were recorded at 20th Century Fox's Stage One in Hollywood, at three sessions on August 24, September 4, and October 1, 1956.

## Personnel

* Elvis Presley – vocals
* Vito Mumolo – lead acoustic guitar
* Luther Rountree – rhythm acoustic guitar
* Dom Frontieri – accordion
* Mike "Myer" Rubin – double bass
* Richard Cornell – drums
* Rad Robinson – backing vocals
* Jon Dodson – backing vocals
* Charles Prescott -backing vocals

## Other versions

Hillary Hawkins released the song as a 45 single on Wide World Records. Col Joye and The Joy Boys released a version in 1964. Paul Ansell recorded the song in 1999. Carlos and The Bandidos recorded the song in 2003. Wim Vandevelde recorded the song in Belgium.
Paul McCartney recorded the song in 1987 for the Choba B CCCP, or Back in the USSR, album which remains unreleased.
# ADFS

ADFS may refer to:
* Active Directory Federation Services in Microsoft Windows server operating systems
* Advanced Disc Filing System, a file system implemented in Acorn and RISC OS computers
* Advanced Distributed File System, a defunct IBM file system project
* Apple DOS File System, a file system for Apple II microcomputers
# Peres metric

In mathematical physics, the Peres metric is defined by the proper time
    ${d\tau }^{2}=dt^{2}-2f(t+z,x,y)(dt+dz)^{2}-dx^{2}-dy^{2}-dz^{2}$
for any arbitrary function f. If f is a harmonic function with respect to x and y, then the corresponding Peres metric satisfies the Einstein field equations in vacuum. Such a metric is often studied in the context of gravitational waves. The metric is named for Israeli physicist Asher Peres, who first defined it in 1959.
# PNA Prefecto Derbes (GC-28)

PNA Prefecto Derbes (GC-28) is a Mantilla-class patrol boat in service with the Argentine Naval Prefecture, built at the Empresa Nacional Bazán shipyards and commissioned in 1984. The vessel is named after Pedro Derbes, a former commander of the “Prefectura de Puerto Madryn” of the PNA; she is the first ship of this service with this name.

## Design

Prefecto Derbes is one of five Mantilla-class patrol boats ordered by the Argentine Naval Prefecture (PNA) in 1981, corresponding to the coast guard cutter “Halcon II” type, designed and build by the Spanish Empresa Nacional Bazán shipyard. The design is optimised for long range open seas patrols, for prolonged periods of time away from port.
Prefecto Derbes has a steel hull and superstructure, with a single mast atop, behind the bridge. She is powered by two Bazán-MTU 16V-956-TB91 marine diesel engines of 2500 kW each (maximum intermittent power 3000 kW), driving two Variable-pitch propellers; with a maximum speed of 18kn (19kn at maximum intermittent power). The design has a maximum range of 3650 nautical miles at a cruise speed of 16kn.
She has 3 electrical generators of 185Kva each, powering a varied array of systems: controls and communications system that integrates with other PNA air and surface assets; navigation radar; echosound; direction finder; and helicopter navigation control.
Prefecto Derbes is equipped with two water cannons for firefighting, anti-contamination gear, active stabilizers and a retractable hangar and landing pad with support facilities for an Alouette-sized helicopter. She is armed with a single 40mm L/70 Bofors dual-purpose autocannon in a position at the front of the bridge. She fields a crew of 38 sailors, as do other ships of the Mantilla-class.

## History

Prefecto Derbes was ordered by the Argentine Naval Prefecture (PNA) in 1981 as part of the five-ship Mantilla-class, composed by the patrol boats GC-24 to GC-28. She was built in 1981-83 by the Spanish Empresa Nacional Bazán shipyard. She was launched in June 1982, completed and handed over to Argentina in November 1983, and left El Ferrol, Spain, on 15 January 1984, arriving in Buenos Aires on 30 January. She was commissioned on 14 March 1984 and assigned to the Coast Guard Service ((in Spanish) Servicio de Buques Guardacostas}).
In July 1984 she sails on her first patrol of the Argentine Sea. In August 1991 is assigned to the port of Bahía Blanca, reporting to “Prefectura de Zona Mar Argentino Norte”, replacing her sister ship ”Azopardo". In August 2000 is visited by the Argentine President, Fernando de la Rúa, while at Puerto Madryn. In February 2009 she was formally assigned to the port of Puerto Madryn to be based there.
In December 2012 she was revised and upgraded at TANDANOR shipyard, in Buenos Aires.
As of 2016, she is based at Mar del Plata.

## Footnotes

* ↑ The Argentine Naval Prefecture ((in Spanish) Prefectura Naval Argentina, acronym PNA) is the equivalent of a Coast Guard.
* ↑ The Alouette is classified as a light utility helicopter.
# Polypedates macrotis

Polypedates macrotis, commonly known as the dark-eared treefrog, as well as the Bongao tree frog, Bongao bubble-nest frog, Baram whipping frog, or brown-striped tree frog, is a species of tree frog (a "true" frog) in the family Rhacophoridae. This species is found on the Malay Peninsula and Southern Thailand, Sumatra and Java (Indonesia), Borneo (including Brunei) and parts of the Philippines, in addition to several smaller islands within the Coral Triangle ecoregion.
Bongao, from the common name "Bongao tree frog", is in reference to Bongao Island, the type locality of Philautus montanus—now synonymized with Polypedates macrotis. Additionally, "Baram whipping frog" is referencing Baram, a district in Sarawak, East Malaysia (Borneo), and is also the name of the type locality of P. macrotis.

## Description

Male Polypedates macrotis grow to a snout–vent length of about 60 mm (2.4 in) and females to 85 mm (3.3 in). Tadpoles are up to 60 mm (2.4 in) in length. Dorsum is brown with a darker band behind the eye that covers the tympanum, tapering along the side.
Polypedates macrotis is similar to Polypedates leucomystax but differs from it slightly in colouration and body proportions.

## Reproduction

Polypedates macrotis deposit their eggs in foam nests attached to leaves or twigs overhanging standing water, such as ponds and ditches.

## Habitat and distribution

The dark-eared tree frog is a locally-abundant species within its range. It is found in Thailand (Nakhon Si Thammarat, Narathiwat, Pattani, Songkhla), Malaysia (Johor, Kelantan, Kuala Lumpur, Negeri Sembilan, Pahang, Penang, Putrajaya, Sabah, Sarawak, Selangor), Indonesia (Aceh, Bangka Belitung, Jambi, Lampung, North Sumatra, Riau, South Sumatra, West Java, West Sumatra), Brunei, the Sulu Archipelago and various western Philippine islands (Palawan, Busuanga, Calauit, Jolo, and Dumaran), where it inhabits primary forests and forest-edge areas. In addition to living in and around human settlements, including some large cities and towns, adult frogs can be found near small streams, ponds, or even puddles and small pools, swamps and wet rainforests with dripping or trickling sources of water. They may also frequent the captured rainwater that has filled the inside of certain epiphytic plants, ferns, etc.

## Gallery

* Polypedates macrotis - Khao Luang National Park
# National colours of the United Kingdom

The national colours of the United Kingdom are usually identified as the combination of red, white and blue in that order. These colours are the same as in the flag of the United Kingdom. The colours of the flag are in turn taken from the flags of England (white and red) and of Scotland (blue and white), which have been combined to form the union flag; to this was later added a red saltire for Ireland. The UK's constituent countries are normally identified respectively with white (England), blue (Scotland), red (Wales), green (in respect of Ireland in general), and occasionally black or gold (for the culturally distinctive English county of Cornwall).

## History

In maps of the 19th and 20th centuries, the territories of the British Empire were usually coloured red or pink. Historically, the British Armed Forces fought in red, a traditional colour that remains in use in formal and ceremonial uniforms. Militarily, and in other contexts, the single chief colour associated with the UK is therefore red, such as in the famous British Army red coats.

## Usage
### Sport

In many international team sports the different countries of the United Kingdom are represented by separate teams. In those where the United Kingdom competes as one team, either under its own name or that of Great Britain (such as in the Olympic Games), colours used for the team are red, white and blue, where the blue is often a very dark blue. The British and Irish Lions play in Red shirts, white shorts and blue socks with green trim.
In motor racing, the national colour of the United Kingdom is green; this is known as British racing green and its somewhat uncertain origin purports that it stems from the Gordon Bennett Cup of 1903. Britain was hosting the race in Ireland and adopted the shamrock green in honour; the colour has been retained ever since, and featured in several Commonwealth racing colours too.

### Transport

Red, white and blue are also the colours of the London Underground, the rapid transit system of the United Kingdom's capital. Since the 1990s, the underground trains have been painted in red, white and blue.

### Orders and decorations

British orders and medals whose ribbons are in the national colours include the Royal Victorian Order, the Royal Victorian Medal, the Queen's Gallantry Medal, and all the commemorative Coronation and Jubilee Medals since 1936.

### At sea

At sea, 'national colours' refer to a distinctive flag used to demonstrate a vessel's country of origin. In 1867, an Order in Council defined that "the Red Ensign and Union Jack with a White Border continuing as at present the national colours for all British Ships. The white bordered Union Jack is now commonly known as the Pilot Jack.
# Hemswell

Hemswell is a village and civil parish in the West Lindsey district of Lincolnshire, England. It is situated just north of the A631 on the Lincoln Cliff escarpment, 2 miles (3 km) west from Caenby Corner and 7 miles (11 km) east from Gainsborough. According to the 2001 Census it had a population of 309.
In Domesday Hemswell is written as "Helmeswelle", a settlement of 37 households, which before 1086 was under the lordship of Earl Edwin.
Aerial photographs have shown ancient medieval settlement on the edge of the village, and 18th-century enclosure maps indicate a larger village area than now exists and the site of a medieval church. earthworks have been defined through crop markings and hollow ways, ditched enclosures, embankments and foundations of buildings that indicate the existence of crofts.
Hemswell Grade II* listed Anglican parish church is dedicated to All Saints. Originating in the 13th century it was partially rebuilt in 1764, when a new tower was added, and in 1858, when the rest of the church was replaced. An internal Early English three-bay north arcade remains, as does a 13th-century Decorated sedilia on the south wall of the chancel. The font bears the arms of the Monson family. A further listed church, St Edmund's on Spital-in-the-Street Road, is a converted 16th-century quarter sessions court house.
Opposite the churchyard is a 19th-century maypole of wood and wrought iron with painted red white and blue stripes. It is one of the oldest in England, and danced round each May Day during the village May Day Fete. On Church Street is the listed early 19th-century Post Office, now non-operational, and Manor Farmhouse, originally 17th-century. On Spital-in-the-Street Road is the early 17th-century Spital Almshouse, now a cottage, and its barn, previously a hospice.
RAF Hemswell was located just outside the village from 1937 until it closed in 1967. The site and buildings were subsequently redeveloped into a private trading estate which became the new civil parish of Hemswell Cliff.
# Portbraddon

55°14′13″N 6°19′48″W﻿ / ﻿55.237°N 6.330°W﻿ / 55.237; -6.330
Portbraddon or Portbraddan (from Irish Port Bradán, meaning 'port of the salmon') is a hamlet in County Antrim, Northern Ireland. The hamlet has an ancient salmon fishing station. A popular saying states that Portbraddon contained the smallest church in Ireland. The building in question was constructed in the 1950s as a cow byre, which the government listed without prior research. The church, which was named after St. Gobban, and measured 11 feet 4 inches (3.45 m) long, 6 feet 9 inches (2.06 m) wide, was demolished in 2017 by the new owner.
# Hi, How Ya Doin'?

"Hi, How Ya Doin'?" is a song written by Steve Horton and performed by Kenny G, released by Arista Records. It reached number 23 on the U.S. Billboard R&B Singles chart in 1984.

## Track listing

* Promotional 12-inch single
* "Hi, How Ya Doin'?" (Remix Version) – 5:47
* "Hi, How Ya Doin'?" (LP Version) – 5:37
* "Hi, How Ya Doin'?" (Instrumental Version) – 4:18

## Chart positions

| Chart (1984) | Peak position |
| U.S. Billboard Black Singles | 23 |
| UK Singles Chart | 70 |
# My Heroes Have Always Been Cowboys (song)

"My Heroes Have Always Been Cowboys" was recorded by Waylon Jennings on the 1976 album Wanted! The Outlaws, and further popularized in 1980 by Willie Nelson as a single on the soundtrack to The Electric Horseman. "My Heroes Have Always Been Cowboys" was written by Sharon Vaughn and Nelson's version was his fifth number one on the country chart. The single stayed at number one for two weeks and spent a total of fourteen weeks on the country chart.
Members of the Western Writers of America chose it as one of the Top 100 Western songs of all time.

## Content

The narrator compares his childhood dream of becoming a cowboy to the reality he faces after he realizes the hard truth of cowboy life, finding a strong contrast between the two.

## Chart performance

| Chart (1980) | Peak position |
| US Hot Country Songs (Billboard) | 1 |
| US Billboard Hot 100 | 44 |
| Canadian RPM Country Tracks | 1 |
| Canadian RPM Adult Contemporary Tracks | 3 |

### Year-end charts

| Chart (1980) | Position |
| US Hot Country Songs (Billboard) | 13 |
# Narerkati

Narerkati is a village in Pirojpur District in the Barisal Division of southwestern Bangladesh.
# Pochette Surprise (Surprise Package)

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic | |
Pochette Surprise (Surprise Package) is the first album by singer Jordy. When it was released in France in 1992, he was only four years old. Its first single "Dur dur d'être bébé!" charted at #1 for 15 weeks, making Jordy the youngest recording artist to ever reach #1. It was followed by "Alison (C'est ma copine à moi)" which was also number one for five weeks, then by "Les Boules", which was much less successful (#13).
The album debuted at number seven on 9 December 1992 on the SNEP Albums Chart and had a peak at number two for three non consecutive weeks. It totaled 23 weeks in the top ten and 48 weeks in the top 50. In 1993, the album achieved 2 x Platinum status for over 600,000 copies sold. It also reached number ten on Finland.

## Track listing

* "Dur dur d'être bébé!" [It's Tough to Be a Baby] (Clerget, Maratrat) — 3:24
* "Alison" (Clerget, Lemoine, Maratrat ) — 3:41
* "Ma Petite Soeur" [My Little Sister] (Lemoine, Maratrat) — 3:44
* "Les Boules" [Losers] (Clerget, Lemoine, Maratrat ) — 3:52
* "C'est pas nous" [That's Not for Us] (Lemoine, Maratrat) — 4:07
* "La danse du pouce dans la bouche" [Thumb Sucking Dance] (Lemoine, Maratrat) — 3:33
* "Jordy Rave Show" (Feys, Lemoine, Wybouw) — 4:01
* "Dur dur d'être bébé!" (mix) (Clerget, Maratrat) — 5:22
* "Les Boules (mix)" (Clerget, Lemoine, Maratrat ) — 5:04
* "La danse du pouce dans la bouche" (remix) (Lemoine, Maratrat) — 7:23
* "Dur dur d'être bébé!" (English version) (Clerget, Maratrat) — 3:16

## Personnel

* Jordy – vocals
* Didier Bader – engineer
* Guy Battarel – programming
* Raymond Taieb – producer
* Claude Lemoine – producer, art direction
* Michael "Clip" Payne - interpretation