# Gustave Kahn

Gustave Kahn (21 December 1859, in Metz – 5 September 1936, in Paris) was a French Symbolist poet and art critic. He was also active, via publishing and essay-writing, in defining Symbolism and distinguishing it from the Decadent Movement.

## Personal life

Kahn was a Jew from Lorraine. He chose sides with Émile Zola in the Dreyfus affair. His wife Elizabeth converted to Judaism as a protest against antisemitism, changing her name to Rachel.

## Poetry

Kahn claimed to have invented the term vers libre, or free verse. He was in any case one of the form's first European exponents. His principal publications include Les Palais nomades (1887), Domaine de fée (1895), and Le Livre d'images (1897). He also made a valuable contribution to the movement's history with his book Symbolistes et décadents (1902).

## Other work

In addition to his poems, Kahn was a public intellectual who wrote novels, plays, and literary criticism. He was also extremely influential as a publisher of symbolist writing. Together with Félix Fénéon and Leo d'Orfer, both critics, Kahn founded and then directed La Vogue in 1886. Through that magazine, Kahn and his partners were able to influence the careers of developing decadent writers such as Jules Laforgue, as well as to inject new life into the careers of established figures such as Arthur Rimbaud, whose Les Illuminations manuscript was published in its pages. Together with Jean Moréas, he also founded and directed Le Symboliste, a short-lived journal intended as a counter-point to Anatole Bajule's Le Décadent, which they viewed as a false and exploitative publication that represented a vain, shallow mockery of symbolist thought. He played a key role in a number of other periodicals, including La Revue Indépendante, La Revue Blanche and Le Mercure de France.
He was also an art critic and collector who stayed current with developments in painting and sculpture until his death. He wrote a widely-read obituary for neo-impressionist painter Georges Seurat, in which he suggested a symbolist approach to interpreting the artist's work.
He also played a role in a number of debates on public issues, including anarchism, feminism, socialism, and Zionism. In the 1920s he was (head)editor of Menorah, a Jewish bimonthly magazine which folded in 1933.
In 1903, American composer Charles Loeffler set four of Kahn's poems to music for piano and voice. The poems were from Les Palais Nomades: Timbres Oublies, Adieu Pour Jamais, Les Soirs d'Automne, and Les Paons.
After his death, his manuscripts were placed in the collection of the library of the Hebrew University of Jerusalem.

## Quotation

          Les Paons
    Se penchant vers les dahlias,
    Des paons cabraient des rosaces lunaires,
    L'assouplissement des branches vénère
    Son pâle visage aux mourants dahlias.
    Elle écoute au loin les brèves musiques
    Nuit claire aux ramures d'accords,
    Et la lassitude a bercé son corps
    Au rythme odorant des pures musiques.
    Les paons ont dressé la rampe ocellée
    Pour la descente de ses yeux vers le tapis
    De choses et de sens
    Qui va vers l'horizon, parure vermiculée
    De son corps alangui.
    En l'âme se tapit
    le flou désir molli de récits et d'encens.

## Principal works

* Palais nomades (1887)
* Les Chansons d'amant (1891)
* Domaine de fée (1895)
* Le Roi fou (1896)
* La Pluie et le beau temps (1896)
* Limbes de lumières (1897)
* Le Livre d'images (1897)
* Premiers poèmes (1897)
* Le Conte de l'or et du silence (1898) translated by Brian Stableford as The Tale of Gold and Silence (2011) ISBN 978-1-61227-063-0
* Les Petites Ames pressées (1898)
* Le Cirque solaire (1898) translated into English by Sam Kunkel as The Solar Circus (First To Knock, 2023)
* Les Fleurs de la passion (1900)
* L'Adultère sentimental (1902)
* Symbolistes et décadents (1902)
* Odes de la "Raison" (1902 réédité aux Editions du Fourneau 1995)
* Contes hollandais (1903)
* La Femme dans la caricature française (1907)
* Contes hollandais (deuxième série) (1908)
* La Pépinière du Luxembourg (1923)
* L'Aube enamourée (1925)
* Mourle (1925)
* Silhouettes littéraires (1925)
* La Childebert (1926)
* Contes juifs (1926 réédité chez "Les Introuvables" 1977)
* Images bibliques (1929)
* Terre d'Israël (1933)