OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Outline of radio

The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to radio:
Radio – transmission of signals by modulation of electromagnetic waves with frequencies below those of visible light. Electromagnetic radiation travels by means of oscillating electromagnetic fields that pass through the air and the vacuum of space. Information is carried by systematically changing (modulating) some property of the radiated waves, such as amplitude, frequency, phase, or pulse width. When radio waves pass an electrical conductor, the oscillating fields induce an alternating current in the conductor. This can be detected and transformed into sound or other signals that carry information.

## Essence of radio

Radio
* Broadcasting
* Wireless
* Radio broadcasting

## Applications

* Amateur radio
* Direction finding
* Radio broadcasting
** AM broadcasting
** FM broadcasting
** Shortwave broadcasting
* Radar
* Radio astronomy
* Radio navigation
* Radiotelephone
* Software-defined radio
* Two-way radio (Aviation, Land-based commercial, Government, Marine)
** Mission critical communication TETRA and P25
* Wireless power transfer

### Types of radio broadcasting

* Campus radio
* Commercial radio
* Community radio
* International broadcasting
* Internet radio
* Music radio
* Pirate radio
* Public radio

## Radio broadcasting topics

* Disc jockey
* Radio documentary
* Radio format
* Radio personality
* Radio programming

## History of radio

History of radio
* Invention of radio
* Wireless telegraphy
* Spark-gap transmitter
* Alexanderson alternator
* Antique radio
* Coherer
* Continuous wave
* Crystal radio
* Vacuum tube
* Amplitude modulation
* Old-time radio
* Radioteletype
* Table of years in radio (events by year)
* Timeline of radio

## Radio science

Radio science
* Antenna (radio)
* Carrier current
* Electromagnetic radiation
* Radio frequency (electricity and electromagnetic waves)
* Radio spectrum (electromagnetic waves)
* Radio propagation
* Receiver (radio)
* Transmitter
* Types of radio emissions

## Radio technology

* Antenna matching unit
* Batteryless radio
* Digital radio
* Preselector
* Radio frequency power amplifier
* Radio software
* Superheterodyne receiver
* Tuner (radio)

## Radio stations

* Radio stations in Africa
* Radio stations in Asia
* Radio stations in Australia
* Radio stations in Europe
* Radio stations in North America
* Radio stations in South America
* Radio stations in the South Pacific and Oceania

## Persons influential in the field of radio

* Michael Faraday (predictions)
* James Clerk Maxwell (theoretical work)
* Heinrich Rudolf Hertz (experimental demonstrations)
* Oliver Lodge (techniques for transmitting and receiving radio waves)
* Guglielmo Marconi (adapted radio waves for use in signalling)
* Reginald Fessenden (developed amplitude modulation (AM) radio and first voice transmission)
* Edwin Howard Armstrong (developed frequency modulation (FM) )

## Alternatives

* Cable FM
* Free-space optical communication (FSO)
* Internet radio

## Other

* Bandstacked
* List of radios – List of specific models of radios
* Years in radio
# Nolberto

Nolberto is a masculine given name. Notable people with the name include:
* Nolberto Herrera (died 2014), Mexican journalist
* Nolberto Molina (born 1953), Colombian footballer and manager
* Nolberto Solano (born 1974), Peruvian footballer and manager
# Herbert Dick

Herbert Dick (born 2 September 1979) is a Zimbabwean former professional footballer who played as a centre-back.
Dick was a member of Zimbabwe national team, and participated in the 2006 African Cup of Nations. In the 2006–07 season, he played for Polish club Legia Warsaw, and made his debut in the Ekstraklasa against Arka Gdynia on 8 September 2006.

## Honours

Amazulu
* Zimbabwe Premier Soccer League: 2003
# Palaquium stipulare

Palaquium stipulare is a tree in the family Sapotaceae. The specific epithet stipulare refers to the stipules.

## Description

Palaquium stipulare grows up to 30 metres (100 ft) tall. The bark is brownish grey. Inflorescences bear up to four flowers. The fruits are round, up to 2.7 cm (1 in) in diameter.

## Distribution and habitat

Palaquium stipulare is endemic to Borneo, where it is known only from Sarawak. Its habitat is lowland mixed dipterocarp forests.
# Higashi-naga-iwa Glacier

Higashi-naga-iwa Glacier (68°27′S 41°38′E﻿ / ﻿68.450°S 41.633°E﻿ / -68.450; 41.633) is a wide glacier flowing to the sea at the eastern side of Naga-iwa Rock in Queen Maud Land, Antarctica. It was mapped from surveys and air photos by the Japanese Antarctic Research Expedition, 1957–62, and, in association with nearby Naga-iwa Rock, named "Higashi-naga-iwa-hyoga" (eastern long rock glacier).
# Medovine

Medovine is a village in the municipality of Ivanjica, Serbia. According to the 2011 census, the village has a population of 98 inhabitants.
# Protein bar

Protein bars are a convenience food that contains a high proportion of protein relative to carbohydrates and fats. Despite the label focusing on protein, many mass-marketed protein bars contain more added sugar than some desserts like cookies or doughnuts.

## Dietary purpose

Protein bars are targeted to people who primarily want a convenient source of protein that does not require preparation (unless homemade). There are different kinds of food bars to fill different purposes. Energy bars provide the majority of their food energy (calories) in carbohydrate form. Meal replacement bars are intended to replace the variety of nutrients in a meal. Protein bars are usually lower in carbohydrates than energy bars, lower in vitamins and dietary minerals than meal replacement bars, and significantly higher in protein than either.
Protein bars are mainly marketed to athletes or exercise enthusiasts for muscle building or as a wellness-themed convenience food. The global market is growing and expected to reach US$2 billion in annual sales in 2026.

## Protein bar niche

In addition to other nutrients, the human body needs protein to build muscles. In the fitness and medical fields it is generally accepted that protein after exercise helps build the muscles used. Whey protein is one of the most popular protein sources used for athletic performance. Other protein sources include egg albumen protein and casein, which is typically known as the slow digestive component of milk protein. Alternative protein bars may use insect protein as an ingredient. Vegan protein bars contain only plant-based proteins from sources like peas, brown rice, hemp, and soybeans.

## Issues
### Sugar content

Protein bars may contain high levels of sugar and sometimes are called "candy bars in disguise".

### Supplementation controversy

There is a disagreement over the amount of protein required for active individuals and athletic performance. Some research shows that protein supplementation is not necessary. Athletes generally consume higher levels of protein as compared to the general population for muscular hypertrophy and to reduce lean body mass lost during weight loss.

## History

Bob Hoffman launched Hoffman's Hi-Proteen Fudge and Hoffman's Hi-Proteen Cookies in the early 1950s, and competitor Joe Weider launched Candy Food Bars with bodybuilder Dave Draper on the packaging in the late 1960s. Pillsbury Space Food Bars and the bars by Tiger's Milk both came to market in the 1960s. Though they had protein, they were marked as energy or nutrition bars. PowerBar, invented in California in 1986, was an early protein bar.
# Het laatste nippertje

Het laatste nippertje ("Just in time") is a 2011 play by Dutch writer, artist, and television director Wim T. Schippers. It premiered in the Stadsschouwburg in Amsterdam, and was a co-production with Titus Tiel Groenestege, Titus Muizelaar, and Kees Hulst. The play received less favorable reviews than earlier plays by Schippers; Martijn Kardol, writing for CultuurBewust, commented that it lacked the progressive and groundbreaking qualities of Schippers' 1986 production Going to the Dogs, not rising above flat and repetitive humor, and that the actors lacked the impeccable timing necessary for such a production.
# Out on My Own (disambiguation)

"Out on My Own" is a song by Michelle, the Dutch entry in the Eurovision Song Contest 2001.
Out on My Own may also refer to:
* Out on My Own, a 2004 album by Edwina Hayes
* Out on My Own, a 1984 album by Sheila Chandra
* "Out on My Own", song by Keith Urban from his 1999 album Keith Urban
* "Out on My Own", song by Gotthard from D Frosted
# Mario Alberto Avilés

Mario Alberto Avilés (born September 16, 1969) is a Mexican-born prelate of the Roman Catholic Church who has been serving as auxiliary bishop for the Diocese of Brownsville in Texas since 2017.

## Biography
### Early life

Mario Avilés was born on September 16, 1969, in Mexico City, Mexico, the son of Rafael and María Guadalupe He professed his vows to the Oratory of Saint Philip Neri (Oratorians) in 1986, entering their seminary in Mexico City. He transferred to Pharr, Texas, in 1988, to teach at the Oratorian Oratory School there.
The Oratorians later sent Avilés to Rome to attend the Pontifical Athenaeum Regina Apostolorum. In 1998, he received Bachelor of Philosophy and Bachelor of Sacred Theology degrees there. He also received a Master of Education Administration and Supervision degree in Texas.

### Priesthood

On July 21, 1998, Avilés was ordained to the priesthood at the Basilica of the National Shrine of Our Lady of San Juan del Valle in San Juan, Texas by Bishop José Raúl Vera López for the Oratorians.
After his 1998 ordination, the Oratorians assigned Avilés as parochial vicar of St. Jude Thaddeus Parish in Pharr. The order named him in 2000 as a member of the permanent deputation of Confederation of the Oratory.In 2002, Avilés was appointed as pastor of Sacred Heart Parish in Hidalgo, Texas. He would remain at Sacred Heart until 2017.
In addition to his position at Sacred Heart, Avilés in 2005 was appointed director of the Oratory Academy of St. Philip Neri, an elementary and middle school, and the Oratory Athenaeum For University Prep, a high school, both in Pharr. He became a member of the diocesan pastoral council in 2011. In 2012, the Oratorians appointed Avilés as procurator general.

### Auxiliary Bishop of Brownsville

Pope Francis appointed Avilés as auxiliary bishop of Brownsville on December 4, 2017. On February 22, 2018, Avilés was consecrated by Bishop Daniel E. Flores at Our Lady of San Juan, with Bishops Raymundo Peña, and Eugenio Andrés Lira Rugarcía serving as co-consecrators.
# Hieracium sylvaticum

Hieracium sylvaticum, wood hawkweed is a species of flowering plant from family Asteraceae that have many lanceolate and ovate leaves with bended forward teeth.
# 2019–20 Biathlon World Cup – Stage 6

The 2019–20 Biathlon World Cup – Stage 6 was the sixth event of the season and is held in Pokljuka, Slovenia, from 23 to 26 January 2020.

## Schedule of events

The events took place at the following times.
| Date | Time | Events |
| 23 January | 14:15 CET | Men's 20 km Individual |
| 24 January | 14:15 CET | Women's 15 km Individual |
| 25 January | 13:15 CET | 7.5 km + 6 km Single Mixed Relay |
| 25 January | 15:00 CET | 4 x 6 km Mixed Relay |
| 26 January | 12:15 CET | Men's 15 km Mass Start |
| 26 January | 15:00 CET | Women's 12.5 km Mass Start |

## Medal winners
### Men

| Event: | Gold: | Time | Silver: | Time | Bronze: | Time |
| 20 km Individual | Johannes Thingnes Bø Norway | 47:54.3 (0+0+0+0) | Martin Fourcade France | 48:05.7 (0+0+0+0) | Fabien Claude France | 48:19.9 (0+0+0+0) |
| 15 km Mass Start | Quentin Fillon Maillet France | 36:21.5 (0+0+1+0) | Benedikt Doll Germany | 36:31.5 (0+1+0+0) | Johannes Thingnes Bø Norway | 36:31.8 (1+0+0+1) |

### Women

| Event: | Gold: | Time | Silver: | Time | Bronze: | Time |
| 15 km Individual | Denise Herrmann Germany | 41:33.4 (0+0+0+0) | Hanna Öberg Sweden | 42:32.6 (0+1+0+0) | Anaïs Bescond France | 42:49.1 (0+0+0+0) |
| 12.5 km Mass Start | Hanna Öberg Sweden | 34:14.4 (0+0+1+0) | Lisa Vittozzi Italy | 34:20.9 (0+0+0+0) | Anaïs Bescond France | 34:42.0 (0+0+0+0) |

### Mixed

| Event: | Gold: | Time | Silver: | Time | Bronze: | Time |
| 7.5 km + 6 km Single Mixed Relay | France Émilien Jacquelin Anaïs Bescond | 38:33.4 (0+0) (0+0) (0+1) (0+0) (0+1) (0+2) (0+1) (0+0) | Estonia Rene Zahkna Regina Oja | 38:39.3 (0+0) (0+0) (0+1) (0+0) (0+1) (0+1) (0+0) (0+0) | Austria Simon Eder Lisa Theresa Hauser | 38:45.5 (0+1) (0+1) (0+1) (0+2) (0+0) (0+0) (0+0) (0+1) |
| 4 x 7.5 km Mixed Relay | France Quentin Fillon Maillet Simon Desthieux Justine Braisaz Julia Simon | 1:17:53.3 (0+1) (0+0) (0+2) (0+0) (0+2) (0+1) (0+1) (0+1) | Norway Tarjei Bø Johannes Thingnes Bø Synnøve Solemdal Ingrid Landmark Tandrevold | 1:18:33.9 (0+0) (0+0) (0+2) (0+0) (0+0) (0+2) (0+0) (0+0) | Germany Philipp Horn Johannes Kühn Janina Hettich Vanessa Hinz | 1:18:54.7 (0+0) (0+0) (0+0) (0+1) (0+0) (0+2) (0+0) (0+1) |
# JXD P861

The JXD P861 is a 7-inch Android tablet PC produced by JXD and released in 2013.

## Features

The P861 features a 7-inch, five-point capacitive touchscreen, a 0.3-megapixel front camera, and a 0.3-megapixel rear camera. It is equipped with an MTK8312 dual-core 1.3 GHz chipset, 512MB RAM, 4GB ROM, integrated WiFi, and a 2500mAh battery. The system runs on Android 4.2.2.

## Revisions

About a month after the release of the JXD P861, JXD released the JXD P1000M, which was equipped with a 7-inch, five-point 800x480 touchscreen, an MTK6572 dual-core 1.2 GHz chipset, and a battery capacity of 3650 mAh.
Later, the JXD P1000S was released in the Chinese market. It was equipped with an internal 2100mAh battery plus a removable 1960 mAh battery.
# Palmas, Arroyo, Puerto Rico

Palmas is a barrio in the municipality of Arroyo, Puerto Rico. Its population in 2010 was 3,789.

## History

Palmas was in Spain's gazetteers until Puerto Rico was ceded by Spain in the aftermath of the Spanish–American War under the terms of the Treaty of Paris of 1898 and became an unincorporated territory of the United States. In 1899, the United States Department of War conducted a census of Puerto Rico finding that combined the population of Palmas, Ancones and Guásimas barrios was 596.

## Special Community

Since 2001 when law 1-2001 was passed, measures have been taken to identify and address the high levels of poverty and the lack of resources and opportunities affecting specific communities in Puerto Rico. By 2008, there were 742 places on the list of Comunidades especiales de Puerto Rico of barrios, communities, sectors, or neighborhoods and in 2004, Palmas barrio made the list.

## Gallery

* Welcome to Palmas sign
# PBB

PBB as a three-letter abbreviation may refer to:
* Deutsche Pfandbriefbank, a German bank abbreviated to and traded as PBB
* Parallel Building Blocks, an Intel multicore programming product
* Partai Bulan Bintang or Crescent Star Party, an Indonesian political party
* Parti Pesaka Bumiputera Bersatu, a Malaysian political party
* Passenger boarding bridge or jet bridge, a connector that extends from an airport terminal gate to an airplane
* Pauls und Braunes Beiträge or Beiträge zur Geschichte der deutschen Sprache und Literatur (Contributions to the History of the German Language and Literature), an academic journal
* Philippine Business Bank
* Pinoy Big Brother, the Philippine version of the reality television show Big Brother
* Polybrominated biphenyl, a group of manufactured chemicals
* Provider Backbone Bridges or IEEE 802.1ah-2008, a set of network routing protocols
* Public Bank Berhad, one of bank perdagangan in Malaysia
* Perserikatan Bangsa-Bangsa, Indonesian abbreviation for United Nations
# Out on Blue Six (show)

Out on Blue Six was a weekly hour-long radio show broadcast by BBC Radio One on Monday evenings between 1991 and 1993 and presented by Mark Radcliffe.
The music played on the show was mostly garage, psychedelia or punk. The show received a Sony Award in 1992 for Best Specialist Music Programme.
# Marijn

Marijn is a Dutch unisex given name derived from Marinus. Marijne is a feminine variant. Notable people with this name include:

## Masculine name

* Marijn Backer (born 1956), Dutch columnist and writer
* Marijn van den Berg (born 1999), Dutch road bicycle racer
* Marijn Campbell [nl] (1819–1890), Dutch librarian and museum curator
* Marijn Dekkers (born 1957), Dutch-American manager and chemist
* Marijn Franx (born 1960), Dutch astronomer
* Marijn van Heugten (born 1997), Dutch footballer
* Marijn Heule, American computer scientist
* Marijn Lybaert, Belgian player of Magic: The Gathering
* Marijn Poels (born 1975), Dutch filmmaker
* Marijn Simons [de; fr; nl] (born 1982), Dutch composer, violinist and conductor
* Marijn Sterk (born 1987), Dutch football player

## Feminine name

* Marijn van Dijk (born 1972), Dutch linguist
* Marijn Nijman (born 1985), Dutch cricketer
* Marijn Veen (born 1996), Dutch field hockey player
* Marijn de Vries (born 1978), Dutch road bicycle racer
* Marijne van der Vlugt (born 1965), Dutch musician, model and VJ
# Mike McLean (ice hockey)

Mike McLean (born January 6, 1986) is a Canadian former professional ice hockey player. He last played for the Coventry Blaze in the Elite Ice Hockey League (EIHL).

## Playing career

On August 14, 2008, the Florida Everblades traded McLean to the Dayton Bombers (along with Steve Czech, Jarret Lukin, and future considerations), in exchange for Yannick Tifu.
On August 31, 2010, the Quad City Mallards signed McLean to a try-out agreement. Making the team, McLean went on to score 51 points in 55 games for the Central Hockey League team, and represented the Mallards at the 2011 Central Hockey League All-Star Game.

## Career statistics

| | | | Regular season | Regular season | Regular season | Regular season | Regular season | Playoffs | Playoffs | Playoffs | Playoffs | Playoffs |
| Season | Team | League | GP | G | A | Pts | PIM | GP | G | A | Pts | PIM |
| 2002–03 | Oshawa Legionaires | OPJHL | 49 | 11 | 23 | 34 | 22 | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2002–03 | Oshawa Generals | OHL | 2 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2003–04 | Oshawa Legionaires | OPJHL | 7 | 4 | 3 | 7 | 2 | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2003–04 | Oshawa Generals | OHL | 11 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 5 | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2003–04 | Guelph Storm | OHL | 28 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 2004–05 | Guelph Storm | OHL | 64 | 9 | 15 | 24 | 42 | 4 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
| 2005–06 | Guelph Storm | OHL | 67 | 7 | 17 | 24 | 53 | 15 | 5 | 3 | 8 | 6 |
| 2006–07 | Guelph Storm | OHL | 67 | 29 | 29 | 58 | 26 | 4 | 0 | 3 | 3 | 2 |
| 2006–07 | Kalamazoo Wings | UHL | — | — | — | — | — | 15 | 2 | 5 | 7 | 4 |
| 2007–08 | Elmira Jackals | ECHL | 6 | 0 | 2 | 2 | 2 | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2007–08 | Florida Everblades | ECHL | 54 | 9 | 13 | 22 | 28 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 2008–09 | Dayton Bombers | ECHL | 47 | 17 | 29 | 46 | 22 | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2008–09 | Lake Erie Monsters | AHL | 25 | 4 | 8 | 12 | 8 | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2009–10 | Cincinnati Cyclones | ECHL | 35 | 10 | 11 | 21 | 15 | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2009–10 | Milwaukee Admirals | AHL | 6 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2009–10 | Gwinnett Gladiators | ECHL | 31 | 6 | 11 | 17 | 12 | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2010–11 | Quad City Mallards | CHL | 55 | 18 | 33 | 51 | 25 | 4 | 0 | 2 | 2 | 2 |
| 2010–11 | Milwaukee Admirals | AHL | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2011–12 | Coventry Blaze | EIHL | 62 | 8 | 27 | 35 | 28 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| AHL totals | AHL totals | AHL totals | 33 | 4 | 8 | 12 | 8 | — | — | — | — | — |

## Awards and honours

| Award | Year |
| 2011 Central Hockey League All-Star Game | 2010–11 |
# Herpolitha

Herpolitha is a monotypic genus of mushroom corals in the family Fungiidae. The only member of the genus is Herpolitha limax, commonly known as the tongue, slipper, mole or striate boomerang coral. It is a free-living species and is native to reefs and lagoons in the Indo-Pacific region. The International Union for Conservation of Nature has assessed this coral as being of "least concern".

## Description

Herpolitha limax has an elongated structure with somewhat rounded ends and a single, central, axial furrow that extends nearly from end to end. In the furrow are many conspicuous slit-like mouths and there are irregularly spaced, less-distinct mouths elsewhere. The primary septa are densely-toothed with fine spines and do not reach the edge of the colony. The costae are low with crowded, obtuse teeth. Sometimes the furrow is forked and forms a "Y" shape, a "T" shape, or even an "X" shape. This coral can grow to a length of 45 cm (18 in) or more and is usually some shade of grey, brown or greenish-brown.

## Distribution

Herpolitha limax is native to the Indo-Pacific region, its range extending from East Africa and the Red Sea to Australia, Indonesia, Papua New Guinea and the South Central Pacific. It is found on reef slopes and in lagoons, often in close proximity to Fungia spp. at depths down to about 30 metres (98 ft).

## Ecology

Herpolitha limax is a colonial, free-living, zooxanthellate species of coral. Under stressful conditions it is susceptible to bleaching and corals appear white after expelling their symbionts. In a period of high water temperature in Thailand in June 2010, bleaching was common and 52% of the corals of this species were affected, along with many other species of mushroom coral. By the following February, they seemed to have recovered with no trace of thermal-induced bleaching being present, and the species composition being similar to that before the bleaching event.

## Status

Herpolitha limax has a very wide range and is a common species in suitable habitats. The population trend is unknown but this coral is harvested for the reef aquarium trade, over 2,000 pieces being collected in 2005. Corals face threats associated with climate change but the International Union for Conservation of Nature has assessed the conservation status of this species as being of "least concern".