OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Nash Mills railway bridge

Nash Mills railway bridge carries the West Coast Main Line railway over the Grand Union Canal to the west of Nash Mills, Hemel Hempstead in Hertfordshire, Eastern England. The bridge was built to the designs of Robert Stephenson for the London and Birmingham Railway and completed in 1837. Although modified, it is still in use and is Grade II listed building.

## Design

The bridge was built in cast iron, one of the earliest railway bridges to use the material. It is a skew arch carrying the railway across the Grand Union Canal. It has a span of 66 feet (20 metres) and a width of 88 feet (27 metres). The arch is made up of six segmental ribs. It had decorative open spandrels and ornate iron parapet. It has substantial brick abutments which terminate in heavy stone capitals.
The bridge was strengthened in the 1960s by encasing it in concrete though the original outline is still visible and some of the ironwork can be seen from the underside. The parapet was rebuilt at the same time and a decorative band added below it in the concrete. Gordon Biddle, a railway historian, described the original as "a handsome bridge" and lamented that it was "a great pity that some other means of strengthening it could not be found".

## History

The bridge was designed by Robert Stephenson for the London and Birmingham Railway (now the southern part of the West Coast Main Line) and was complete for the railway's opening in 1837. It is the last in a series of engineering works along a long embankment which starts just north of Watford Tunnel and is a short distance north-west of Abbots Langley bridge, another original skew bridge on the same line. It was widened in 1858 when the railway was quadruple-tracked.
John Cooke Bourne illustrated the bridge as part of his series of lithographs documenting the construction of the London and Birmingham. The image depicts the bridge as-built and continues the theme of Bourne's work in contrasting the modernity of the railway with earlier forms of transport, such as the canal it crosses.
The bridge remains in use and was designated a Grade II listed building in 1985. Listed building status affords legal protection from unauthorised demolition or modification.
# Little Avon

Little Avon may refer to two rivers in England:
* Little Avon River, in Gloucestershire, flowing into the River Severn
* Tetbury Avon, a tributary of the Bristol Avon in Gloucestershire and Wiltshire, also known as the Little Avon
# Graham Tuckwell

Graham Tuckwell AO is an Australian businessman and philanthropist.

## Background and early career

Graham John Tuckwell was born in Canberra. He lived at Bruce Hall at the Australian National University, where he graduated as a Bachelor of Economics in 1978 and a Bachelor of Laws in 1981.
He started his career as an advisor to Vince FitzGerald in the Department of the Prime Minister.

## Financial services career

He later founded Investor Resources Limited, and served as Head of Mining for the Asia-Pacific region for Salomon Brothers and as executive director of Normandy Mining. He also worked as an investment advisor to Credit Suisse First Boston and Schroders, both in London and Australia.
He is the founder and chairman of ETF Securities, an investment firm focused on exchange-traded funds (ETFs), exchange-traded commodities and exchange-traded currencies. It holds A$30 billion in assets and it is the seventh largest ETP in the world. In 2003, he also started Gold Bullion Securities, an ETP linked to the value of gold as a commodity.
Tuckwell is also the founder and Chairman of the venture capital firm ETFS Capital. The firm has invested in companies including cryptocurrency ETF issuer 21Shares. In 2021, ETFS Capital acquired etf.com.

## Personal life

Tuckwell is married to Louise (Wright) Tuckwell, a philanthropist, they have four children, and they reside in Melbourne. Tuckwell's net worth was assessed at A$683 million on the Financial Review 2019 Rich List. Tuckwell's net worth did not meet the A$472 million cut-off for the Financial Review 2020 Rich List.

### Philanthropy

In 2012, he co-founded the Tuckwell Foundation with Louise and in 2013 donated A$50 million to the Australian National University, subsequently increased to A$100 million as at 12 July 2016. As part of the program he endowed, students are selected to become "Tuckwell Scholars" each year, receive a stipend of $24,700. The program is overseen by "Tuckwell Fellows."
The Tuckwell Foundation has also donated to the Education Building Fund and St. Columb's Anglican Church Hall in Hawthorn, Victoria.

## Recognition

Tuckwell was appointed an Officer of the Order of Australia in the 2022 Australia Day Honours for "distinguished service to the community through philanthropic support of education scholarships, and to business".
# Guarea casimiriana

Guarea casimiriana is a species of plant in the family Meliaceae. It is endemic to Peru.
# Marsabit clawed frog

The Marsabit clawed frog (Xenopus borealis) is a species of frog in the family Pipidae found in Kenya, Tanzania, and possibly Uganda. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical high-altitude grassland, rivers, freshwater lakes, intermittent freshwater lakes, freshwater marshes, intermittent freshwater marshes, pastureland, and ponds.

## Distribution

The Marsabit clawed frog is only found in the upper elevations of the East African montane moorlands eco-region, and in the East African montane forests eco-region of south-eastern Africa.
# Guillano Grot

Guillano Grot (born 15 March 1983) is a Surinamese footballer who plays as a striker for Sportclub NEC (NEC Amateurs) in the Dutch Eerste Klasse, the sixth tier of Dutch football.

## Career

He was born in Paramaribo, Suriname and raised in Arnhem, Netherlands. He began his career with Vitesse 1992, before moving to NEC in 2000. He played one year for the side from Nijmegen, before choosing to play for amateur club De Treffers in 2001; he played for 4 years. In the 2003–2004 season, he was loaned to regional German club, 1. FC Bocholt.
In 2005, he returned to NEC, where he then played between 2005 and 2007. In 2006, he was loaned to Excelsior. In July 2007 he left NEC, and signed with Helmond Sport. Already in August 2008, he was loaned out to FC Inter Turku. He won the 2008 Championship in the Finnish League. In December 2008, Grot signed a two-year contract with FC Inter, at least staying until December 2010. He was released at Turku at the end of the 2010 season and joined his brother Sherwin at his former club De Treffers.
# 1989 Geneva Open

The 1989 Geneva Open was a men's tennis tournament played on outdoor clay courts that was part of the 1989 Nabisco Grand Prix. It was played at Geneva in Switzerland from 11 September through 17 September 1989. Marc Rosset, who entered the event on a wildcard, won the singles title

## Finals
### Singles

Marc Rosset defeated Guillermo Pérez Roldán 6–4, 7–5
* It was Rosset's only title of the year and the 1st of his career.

### Doubles

Andrés Gómez / Alberto Mancini defeated Mansour Bahrami / Guillermo Pérez Roldán 6–3, 7–5
* It was Gómez's 4th title of the year and the 50th of his career. It was Mancini's 4th title of the year and the 6th of his career.
# Patrick Raddock

Patrick Tasman Raddock MBE (31 October 1925 – 23 May 1977) was a Fijian cricketer. Raddock was a right-handed batsman who played primarily as a wicketkeeper.
Raddock made his first-class debut for Fiji in 1948 against Auckland during Fiji's tour of New Zealand. From 1948 to 1954 he played 9 first-class matches for Fiji, with his final first-class appearance coming against Auckland during Fiji's 1953/54 tour of New Zealand.
In his 9 first-class matches for Fiji he scored 337 runs at a batting average of 21.06, with a single half century score of 89 against Wellington in 1954. Behind the stumps Raddock took 11 catches and made 10 stumpings.
Raddock also represented Fiji in 18 non first-class matches from 1948 to 1956, with his final match for Fiji coming against the touring West Indians.
He was appointed Member of the Order of the British Empire (MBE) in the 1971 New Year Honours.
Raddock died at Suva on 23 May 1977.
# Northern University Games

The Northern University Games (NUG) is an Australian inter-varsity multi-sport competition held annually in mid-year break (June/July in Australia) between universities and tertiary institutions from Queensland, Northern Territory and northern New South Wales. The games attract on average 600 competitors every year across seven different sports. It was first held in 2005.

## Participants

In 2009, the following universities competed at the Games:
* Australian Catholic University
* Bond University
* Central Queensland University
* Griffith University
* Griffith University, Gold Coast
* Queensland University of Technology
* Southern Cross University
* The University of Queensland
* University of Southern Queensland
* University of the Sunshine Coast

## Sport Results

Winners with an * denotes runners-up to a foreign touring team.

### Australian Football

| Year | Host City | Winner |
| 2005 | Cairns | Queensland University of Technology |

### Baseball

| Year | Host City | Winner |
| 2005 | Cairns | Queensland University of Technology |

### Basketball

| Year | Host City | Men's Winner | Women's Winner |
| 2005 | Cairns | Queensland University of Technology | James Cook University |

### Golf

| Year | Host City | Men's Winner | Women's Winner |
| 2005 | Cairns | Griffith University, Gold Coast | Griffith University, Gold Coast |

### Hockey

| Year | Host City | Men's Winner | Women's Winner |
| 2005 | Cairns | Queensland University of Technology | Queensland University of Technology |

### Netball

| Year | Host City | Mixed Winner | Women's Winner |
| 2005 | Cairns | Bond University | University of Queensland |

### Rugby League 7's

| Year | Host City | Men's Winner |
| 2005 | Cairns | University of New England |

### Rugby Union

| Year | Host City | Men's Winner |
| 2005 | Cairns | University of New England |

### Soccer

| Year | Host City | Men's Winner | Women's Winner |
| 2005 | Cairns | University of Queensland | University of Queensland* |

### Squash

| Year | Host City | Men's Winner | Women's Winner |
| 2005 | Cairns | Queensland University of Technology | Griffith University |

### Tennis

| Year | Host City | Men's Winner | Women's Winner |
| 2005 | Cairns | Queensland University of Technology | University of Queensland |

### Touch Football

| Year | Host City | Men's Winner | Women's Winner | Mixed Winner |
| 2005 | Cairns | Queensland University of Technology | Queensland University of Technology | University of Queensland, Gatton |

### Volleyball

| Year | Host City | Men's Winner | Women's Winner |
| 2005 | Cairns | James Cook University | University of Queensland* |

### Water Polo

| Year | Host City | Men's Winner | Women's Winner |
| 2005 | Cairns | University of Queensland | University of Queensland |
# Northern University High School

Northern University High School was a small high school in Cedar Falls, Iowa, United States, run by the University of Northern Iowa. It comprised grades 9-12 of the Pk-12 Malcolm Price Laboratory School. It closed in July 2012 under controversy and university budget cuts, and was mostly demolished in June 2013, save for the athletics Wing, part of which was re-purposed into the UNI Childhood Development center, previously housed in the building's east wing.

## Athletics

* Basketball
** 2008 IHSAA Boys' Class 1A State Champions
* Golf
** 2008 IHSAA Boys' class 1A State Champions
* Cross Country
** 3-times IHSAA Boys' Class 1A State Champions (1984, 1985, 2010)
* Track and Field
* Iowa School of Character awards (2007 and 2008).
In earlier years, the school was known for football, for 21 years under coach John Aldrich (1955–1976). Playing the single-wing offense, the team compiled a 120–49 record under Coach Aldrich, who was a member of the Iowa High School Coaches Hall of Fame.

## Information Technology

Northern University won multiple Information Technology competitions in the Cyber Defense category. In 2008, 2009, 2010, and 2011 the school won first place in the Cyber Defense category of the IT-Olympics held at Iowa State University.

## Fine arts

Despite its small size, students from Northern University High School were consistently accepted into the Iowa All State Orchestra, Band and Choir.

## Scandal

The school became a subject of controversy in July 2009 after local media agencies reported that nine families had defrauded the school in order to receive discounted tuition. One person implicated in this scandal is Iowa State Representative Kerry Burt.

## Notable alumni

* Trev Alberts, American football player
* Annabeth Gish, American actress
* Vivek Goyal, American engineering professor, author, and inventor
* Gary Kroeger, American actor
* Ras Smith, American politician
# Guido Island

Guido Island (64°55′S 63°50′W﻿ / ﻿64.917°S 63.833°W﻿ / -64.917; -63.833) is an island lying 1 nautical mile (2 km) northeast of Prioress Island in the Wauwermans Islands, in the Wilhelm Archipelago, Antarctica. It was shown on an Argentine government chart of 1950; the name "Isla Guido Spano" appears on a 1957 chart and is for Carlos Guido Spano (1829–1918), a famous Argentine poet.
# Notonomus kershawi

Notonomus kershawi is a species of ground beetle in the subfamily Pterostichinae. It was described by Sloane in 1902.
# Maroon Town, Sierra Leone

Maroon Town, Sierra Leone, is a district in the settlement of Freetown, a colony founded in West Africa by Great Britain.

## History

Following their defeat in the American Revolutionary War, the British had resettled African Americans in the British colony of Nova Scotia (now a province of Canada). However, many did not like the colder climate and poor treatment they received, so in 1792 about 1200 to 1800 of them emigrated to Sierra Leone. This move was welcomed by the Sierra Leone Company, which wanted to reestablish a colony, but lacked colonists. Once there, the Nova Scotian Settlers (as they came to be called) and Sierra Leone Company surveyors founded Freetown.
A second group, the Jamaican Maroons, originally numbering just under 600 men, women and children who had surrendered following the Second Maroon War in Jamaica, were transported to Nova Scotia in 1796. In 1800, unhappy with their new home, 550 Maroons emigrated to Freetown. The Nova Scotian Settlers had sought to obtain better treatment and more power, clashing constantly with the colonial governors and the Sierra Leone Company since first setting foot in the colony in 1792, but the timely arrival of the "battle-tested" Maroons and a detachment of 45 soldiers and two officers aboard the ship Asia enabled the authorities to put down a rebellion by some of the Nova Scotian Settlers and win the power struggle. Three rebels were tried and executed, and the other 33 or 34 prisoners were banished. The Maroons were granted land west of Settler Town, between Walpole Street and King Tom, which became known as Maroon Town.
In 1822, uncomfortable worshipping in Nova Scotian chapels, the Maroons built the Methodist St. John's Maroon Church, in the centre of Maroon Town.
By the 1830s, the Maroons had integrated into Freetown society and become a part of the Sierra Leone Creole people.
# Live Dates

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| Allmusic | |
Live Dates is a live album by the British rock band Wishbone Ash released in November 1973.
Following the release of the album, founding member Ted Turner left the band.

## Recording

The album features 11 tracks, 10 of which originally featured on the band's first four albums. The one new track was a cover of the Jimmy Reed blues standard "Baby What You Want Me to Do".
The tracks were recorded in June 1973 at Croydon Fairfield Halls,$^{[A]}$ Reading University,$^{[B]}$ Newcastle City Hall,$^{[C]}$ and Portsmouth Guildhall.$^{[D]}$, using the Rolling Stones Mobile Studio.
In 2023, the band's other guitarist Andy Powell said, "We had made a name for ourselves as a dynamic live act, so it only made sense to capture the energy and vibrancy of our shows on a live album. Fortunately, the record company funded the costly Rolling Stones Mobile recording truck, so we were able to record several shows during our U.K. tour and compile the most powerful moments on Live Dates." Also in 2023, Wishbone Ash undertook a 50th anniversary tour celebrating the album, and recorded and released Live Dates Live, as a tribute to the original Live Dates.
Band founder and original bass guitarist Martin Turner also celebrated the 50th anniversary of the album in 2023, by touring across the UK. He had previously released a double live album New Live Dates in 2016, which also featured Ted Turner.
Live Dates charted at number 86 in Canada in February 1974. It is certified silver (60,000 sales) by the BPI in the UK.

## Track listing

Side 1
* "The King Will Come" $^{[A]}$ – 7:58
* "Warrior" $^{[C]}$ – 5:42
* "Throw Down the Sword" $^{[C]}$ – 6:01
Side 2
* "Rock 'n Roll Widow" $^{[B]}$ – 6:06
* "Ballad of the Beacon" $^{[B]}$ – 5:21
* "Baby What You Want Me to Do" $^{[D]}$ – 7:48
Side 3
* "The Pilgrim" $^{[B]}$ – 9:17
* "Blowin' Free" $^{[A]}$ – 5:28
* "Jail Bait" $^{[A]}$ – 4:40
Side 4
* "Lady Whiskey" $^{[B]}$ – 6.13
* "Phoenix" $^{[A]}$ – 17:12

## Personnel

* Andy Powell – guitar, vocals
* Ted Turner – guitar, vocals
* Martin Turner – bass, vocals
* Steve Upton – drums

## Charts

| Chart (1973) | Peak position |
| Canada Top Albums/CDs (RPM) | 86 |
| US Billboard 200 | 82 |

## Certifications

| Region | Certification | Certified units/sales |
| United Kingdom (BPI) | Silver | 60,000$^^$ |
| $^^$ Shipments figures based on certification alone. |||
# Moussambani

Moussambani is an African surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Alfred Moussambani (born 1974), Cameroonian sprinter
* Eric Moussambani (born 1978), Equatoguinean swimmer
# Marko Saaresto

Marko Tapio Saaresto (born 5 December 1970) is a Finnish musician. He is the lead vocalist, primary songwriter and one of the founding members of the alternative rock band Poets of the Fall.

## Early life

Saaresto was born in Helsinki. He was actively involved in music from a very young age and wrote several of his songs as a teenager. "Change", from the band's fourth number-one album Twilight Theater, was written by Saaresto in 1990. "Maybe Tomorrow is a Better Day" from Carnival of Rust is even older, dating back to 1988. Saaresto took up a course in graphic design and worked as a graphic designer until he was in his early thirties. Saaresto has a bass-baritone vocal range.

## Career

Saaresto formed a band called Playground in 2001 and wrote several songs with them. The songs were compiled into an album but they were unable to find a label to distribute it, and hence called it quits. Playground's primary members were Saaresto and Pohjoinen Syke jazz guitarist Olli Tukianen.
In early 2002, Saaresto was approached by Sam Lake, the writer of the Max Payne series of video games, to write the lead single for the second installment in the series, Max Payne 2: The Fall of Max Payne. Saaresto agreed. Lake gave Saaresto a poem he had written and asked him to make a song out of it. Saaresto modified it, and along with former Playground bandmate Tukiainen, wrote the now-famous single "Late Goodbye". To assist them with production, Lake offered them the services of industrial musician Markus "Captain" Kaarlonen. Together, they recorded the song, and upon the release of the game, it garnered cult status. Thousands of requests were made by players all around the world to own a physical copy of the song. They then decided to formally create the band and named it Poets of the Fall.

## Discography
### With Poets of the Fall

* Signs of Life (2005)
* Carnival of Rust (2006)
* Revolution Roulette (2008)
* Twilight Theater (2010)
* Temple of Thought (2012)
* Jealous Gods (2014)
* Clearview (2016)
* Ultraviolet (2018)
* Ghostlight (2022)
* Rebirth – Greatest Hits (as Old Gods of Asgard, 2023)

### With Playground

* Playground (unreleased, 2001)

### As a featured artist

| Year | Song | Artist | Album |
| 1999 | "Millennium Of Insight" | Lauri Järvilehto | Twilight Cinema |
| 2008 | "I Saved the World Today" | Various Artists | Non-album single for Plan International Finland charity |
| 2009 | "Lucky Star" | Phoenix Effect | Cyanide Skies |
| 2009 | "King See No Evil" | Phoenix Effect | Cyanide Skies |
| 2009 | "Taking a Vacation from Me" | Bright Lightning | Taking a Vacation from Me |
| 2017 | "Striven" | Jay Ray | Self-Resonance |
| 2017 | "Feliz Navidad" | Tarja | From Spirits and Ghosts (Score for a Dark Christmas) |
| 2022 | "Upside Down" | Larry Sandman | More Than Free |
Audiobooks
* Words into Worlds by Flamelight (2021)
# 1,3,3-Trinitroazetidine

1,3,3-Trinitroazetidine (TNAZ) is an explosive heterocyclic compound that has been considered as a potential replacement for TNT because of its low melting point (101 °C) and good thermal stability (up to 240 °C). TNAZ was first synthesized by Archibald et al. in 1990. Several synthesis routes are known, and bulk production of several hundred kilogram batches has been demonstrated at Los Alamos National Laboratory.

## Properties

The compound crystallizes in an orthorhombic lattice with the space group Pbca. Thermolysis occurs starting around 240 °C - 250 °C with decomposition products that include nitrogen dioxide, nitric oxide, nitrous acid, carbon dioxide, and formaldehyde. It has a heat of decomposition of 6343 kJ/kg, and a detonation pressure of 36.4 GPa.
# Mark A. Greene

Mark A. Greene (1958–2017) was an American archivist who served as the 63rd President of the Society of American Archivists (SAA). He was a leader and prominent author within the archives profession, and is well known for the development of the archival management principles in More Product, Less Process (MPLP) together with Dennis Meissner.

## Life

Greene was born in Rockville, Maryland, and attended Ripon College, completing a bachelor's degree in history and politics. He then completed his education at the University of Michigan with a master's degree in History with cognates in archival administration and Modern Chinese History.
Greene began his career in archives as college archivist at Carleton College (1985–1989), before becoming the head of acquisitions for the Minnesota Historical Society in 1989. While there, he developed his expertise and a national reputation in appraisal, including deaccessioning and reappraisal. In 2000, he became the head of Research Center Programs at The Henry Ford, where he spent two years before becoming director of the American Heritage Center at the University of Wyoming in 2002. Greene retired in 2015.
Within the professional community, Greene served in various positions within the Midwest Archives Conference (MAC) and SAA. Between 1992 and 1994 he served as a member of the MAC Council, followed by a term as president of the association from 1995 to 1997. In 2002 he was elected an SAA Fellow, and later served as president of that organization from 2007 to 2008.

## Death

Greene died in a car accident on June 21, 2017, near Cheyenne, Wyoming.

## Works

* "A Critique of Social Justice as an Archival Imperative: What Is It We're Doing That's All That Important?" American Archivist 76, no. 2 (Fall/Winter 2013): 303-335
* "The Power of Archives: Archivists' Values and Value in the Post-Modern Age," American Archivist 72, no. 1 (Spring/Summer 2009): 17-41
* "More Product, Less Process: Revamping Traditional Archival Processing," American Archivist 68, no. 2 (Fall/Winter 2005): 208-263 (with Dennis Meissner)
* "The Power of Meaning: The Mission of Archives in the Postmodern World," American Archivist 65, no. 1 (2002): 42-55
* "Et Tu Schellenberg? Thoughts on the Dagger of American Appraisal Theory," American Archivist 59, no. 3 (Summer 1996): 298-310 (with Frank Boles)
* “The surest proof: A utilitarian approach to appraisal." Archivaria, 45 (1998), 127- 169.