OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Herbert van Thal

Bertie Maurice van Thal (1904–1983), known as Herbert van Thal, was a British bookseller, publisher, agent, biographer, and anthologist.

## Biography

Van Thal's grandfather was a distiller (King's Liqueur Whisky), and was a director of the theatre proprietors, Howard and Wyndham. Henry Irving and Harry Lauder were friends of the family.
After the Second World War, he founded the short-lived publishing house of Home and van Thal, with his friends Margaret Douglas-Home and Gwylim Fielden Hughes. The house was known as a "mushroom" publisher, since it sprang up overnight after the war. In about 1952 Home and Van Thal was absorbed by the Arthur Barker publishing firm and Van Thal then worked as manager and editor of the latter firm. Later he became a general editor of the Doughty Library published by Anthony Blond.
Van Thal was a friend and publisher of the critic James Agate, whom he met in 1932. He had been impressed by Agate's review of Wycherley's The Country Wife. Agate once described him as looking like "a sleek, well-groomed dormouse" out of a John Tenniel illustration of Alice in Wonderland, due to Bertie's tendency to dress in a dapper suit, bow tie, monocle, and black shiny shoes.
He had deep familiarity with Victorian literature, opera, and Restoration dramatists. He was one of the first publishers to recognize the talent of Hermann Hesse, and reprinted novels by George Gissing and Theodore Hook. He also edited the reminiscences of Thomas Adolphus Trollope.
He was a prolific editor of anthologies of detective and horror stories; the Pan Book of Horror Stories series ran to 24 volumes, from 1959 to 1983. He edited a biographical anthology of Hilaire Belloc in 1970 and one of Walter Savage Landor in 1973, and edited the papers of famous music-critic Ernest Newman.
# Ionosilica

Ionosilicas are defined as organosilicas containing chemically bound ionic groups. They represent a class of mesoporous organosilicas.
Mesoporous materials have been defined as porous materials with pore size ranging from 2 nm – 50 nm. Ionosilicas belong to the mesoporous organosilicas materials, but are more specifically constituted by ionic substructures.
Ionosilicas are synthesized by hydrolysis-polycondensation reactions or post synthesis grafting procedures involving ionic precursors. Due to their mixed mineral-ionic nature, ionosilicas are situated at the interface of silica hybrid materials and ionic liquids. Similarly to conventional functional silica based materials, two classes of ionosilicas can be distinguished, depending on the way the ionic group is anchored to the silica support and where it is located. Surface functionalized ionosilicas contain ionic groups located on the materials’ surface and can be obtained either via ‘one-pot’ co-condensation reactions or post grafting procedures. On the other side, periodic mesoporous ionosilicas, belonging to the PMO family, are produced starting from oligosilylated ionic precursors.
Ionosilicas are synthesized via hydrolysis-polycondensation reactions involving ionic precursors. The ionic nature of these compounds has deep influence on the mechanism of the formation of the solid. Ionosilicas with regular architectures are often formed in the presence of anionic surfactants. This behaviour displays the formation of precursor-surfactant ion pairs in the hydrolysis polycondensation mixture.
These hybrid ionosilicas display very specific and unusual surface properties such as high hydrophilicity and high water-affinity. These features can efficiently be varied both via the cation and the anion, resulting in an ability to fine-tune the properties of these materials. Ionosilicas are functional materials for applications in (organo-)catalysis and separation.
# Hira Te Popo

Hira Te Popo (?–1889) was a New Zealand tribal leader. Of Māori descent, he identified with the Te Whakatohea iwi.
# NAC Fanzine De Rat

NAC Fanzine De Rat, commonly known as De Rat, is an independent fanzine for the Dutch football club NAC Breda. The fanzine was sold for the first time on 11 August 1996 and is the longest established fanzine in the Netherlands. The fanzine is published 8 times during the football season and the fanzine’s circulation in January 2010 was 700 copies. The fanzine is sold before matches of NAC Breda, around the Rat Verlegh Stadion.
The name De Rat is derived from NAC icon Antoon Verlegh, who was nicknamed De Rat because of playing style. He was a player, trainer, editor, secretary, member of the board, vice chairman and chairman of honour at NAC Breda. Verlegh also had several important positions at the KNVB and he was considered to be one of the football icons in the Netherlands until the 1950s. The fanzine was named after Antoon ‘De Rat’ Verlegh, to commemorate Verlegh’s positive impact and to bring NAC Breda’s history to the public.
# Polarization scrambling

Polarization scrambling is the process of rapidly varying the polarization of light within a system using a polarization controller so that the average polarization over time is effectively randomized. Polarization scrambling can be used in scientific experiments to cancel out errors caused by polarization effects. Polarization scrambling is also used on long-distance fibre optic transmission systems with optical amplifiers, in order to avoid polarization hole-burning. Polarization scrambling, also for the variation of polarization mode dispersion, is a mandatory test procedure for fiber optic data transmission systems based on polarization-division multiplexing.
Polarization scramblers usually vary the normalized Stokes vector of the polarization state over the entire Poincaré sphere. They are commercially available with speeds of 20 Mrad/s on the Poincaré sphere (see external link). Various speed distributions such as peaked and quasi-Rayleigh can be generated.
Some experiments have implemented ultrafast polarization scrambling on a polaritonic platform with speeds in the order of the Trad/s on the Poincaré sphere.
# Mighty Lak' a Rose

"Mighty Lak' a Rose" is a 1901 song with lyrics by Frank Lebby Stanton and music by Ethelbert Nevin. The lyrics are written in an approximation of an African American accent as a "dialect song", and the title thus means "mighty like a rose". It is sung by a black woman called "Mammy" to a newborn blue-eyed white boy in her care. It was common at the time for white families to hire trusted black women to care for their children.
The dialect has been modified by some singers, such as Frank Sinatra. The tune became a Tin Pan Alley hit, with versions by George Alexander (1903), Marguerite Dunlap (1911), and Geraldine Farrar (1916), and it was a perennial of pop music for generations. Deanna Durbin sang it as a lullaby in the 1943 film The Amazing Mrs. Holliday. The tune is whistled by the killer in the film 'Night Must Fall' (1937). Other notable recordings include those by Bing Crosby (recorded December 4, 1945), Jane Powell, Lillian Nordica, Geraldine Farrar, Vincent Lopez, Paul Robeson, Art Tatum, Wilbur DeParis, Nina Simone, Petula Clark, John McCormack, Henry Burr, and Roger Whittaker. An orchestra arrangement was directed by Frank Chacksfield.
The song was Nevin's final composition, as he died on 17 February 1901 shortly after composing it. Stanton died in 1927.
# Pompel og Pilt

Pompel og Pilt are two characters from a Norwegian children's TV show called "Reparatørene kommer" ("The repairmen are coming"), which was created in 1969 by Arne and Bjørg Mykle. It stars Pompel and Pilt, two rather incompetent repairmen, the moffedille (which vaguely resembles a mop, eats keys, and communicates through howling sounds and cartoon-style balloons), and Gorgon Vaktmester, a janitor who responds to Pompel and Pilt's requests for things to repair with long streams of words rhyming with "repair" and chases after them when they try to escape.
The TV show first aired in 1969, and again in 1973, 1976, 1979, 1985, and 1994. It is a surreal puppet show, and has met a lot of criticism from child psychologists, teachers and others, mainly because of its total lack of logic and pedagogical intent. The reason for the almost ten year intermission, from 1985 to 1994, was that NRK (The Norwegian Broadcasting Corporation) found the TV show to be unsuitable for children.
The series consists of five episodes, of which the moffedille appears briefly in episode 1, and has major appearances in episodes 2 and 3. It is introduced as the protagonists, the repairmen Pompel and Pilt, sit down on it in the belief that it is a tuft of grass, a misconception that is gradually cleared up as the moffedille starts moving. The moffedille then asks for a key (by uttering a talking-bubble containing a drawing of a key). Pilt, who has earlier found a key, shows it to the moffedille, which immediately grabs it and eats it. It then leaves. This concludes the appearance of the moffedille in episode 2.
In episode 3, Pompel and Pilt meet up with the moffedille again. This time, it utters a big SOS inside a talking bubble. By uttering different semi-mysterious speech bubbles, along with rudimentary body language, the moffedille manages to communicate that it has a key inside of it, that it wants Pompel and Pilt to remove. Pompel, intending to do surgery on the moffedille, produces a saw. Pilt, however, does not approve of this, and suggests an alternative approach, where they feed the moffedille a length of rope, and make it dance. After the dance, they pull the rope out of the moffedille. It turns out that a large number of keys are now threaded onto the rope. One of them resembles the key that was swallowed by the moffedille in episode 2. Pilt takes this key, and the moffedille swallows all the others again. The moffedille then leads the way to a locked door. Pilt uses the key to unlock the door. The door opens, and a migrant (another type of fantasy creature) comes out. The moffedille eats the key again, and leaves.
# Moto Roader

Moto Roader (spelled Motoroader in Europe) is a futuristic racing game developed by NCS for the PC-Engine/TurboGrafx-16. The game is the first in a series which includes Moto Roader 2 and Moto Roader MC. It is notable for having a possible five players race simultaneously, one more player than most games' maximum number.
The game was released on the Wii's Virtual Console worldwide in January 2007. It was released on the Wii U's Virtual Console in Japan on December 17, 2014, and in North America, Europe, and Australia in October 2017.

## Reception

Computer and Video Games rated the PC Engine version 85% in 1989.
# Iver Høy

Iver Hesselberg Høy (26 September 1877 – 8 March 1943) was a Norwegian businessperson.
He was born in Langesund as a son of shipmaster Christian Høy (1836–1896) and Karen Elise Wright. In December 1902 he married ship captain's daughter Lille Petersen. Their daughter Cathrine married professor of medicine Erik Poppe.
He took his education at Horten Technical School in 1897 and in Germany from 1899 to 1906. He was the manager of Meraker Smelteverk from 1906 to 1918. The factory was owned by Meraker Brug and the Kiær family, and Iver Høy was tasked with coordinating Meraker Smelteverk with other power-demanding industries. It was coordinated with Hafslund Karbidfabrikk in 1919, and Høy became manager there. When Odda Smelteverk was created in 1924, Høy was manager there too. The three companies operated as one party, among others in international syndicate negotiations. Høy was a vice president of the International Carbide Syndicate.
In 1928, Meraker Smelteverk was sold to an American company. In 1937, Odda Smelteverk was sold to a British company. Høy continued to have a coordinating role. From 1928 to 1943, his main role was the chairmanship in De Norske Exportnæringers Landsforbund. He was also a supervisory council member of Forsikringsaktieselskabet Norden. He died suddenly, in March 1943 in Oslo.
# Susan Michelsson

Susan Michelsson (born 29 February 1972) is an Australian long-distance runner. In 2001, she competed in the women's marathon at the 2001 World Championships in Athletics held in Edmonton, Alberta, Canada. She finished in 40th place.
# Hira Lal Atal

Major General Hira Lal Atal (26 January 1905 – 23 January 1985) was an Indian Army officer in the British Indian Army from 1925 until 1947 and the Indian Army from 1947. He became the first indigenous Adjutant General of independent India. He was instrumental in designing the Indian Armed Forces’ highest award for bravery, the Param Vir Chakra. Later, he became Chief Commissioner of Tripura.

## Career
### Early years

Hira Lal Atal attended the Rawlinson Section (renamed the Pratap Section in 1947) of the Rashtriya Indian Military College RIMC in Dehradun, India. RIMC was intended to prepare native Indians to take command of the British Indian Army and was earlier known as the Prince of Wales Royal Indian Military College, which was established in 1921. Hira was the first cadet captain, or head boy.
Atal attended Sandhurst and was commissioned a second lieutenant into the Unattached List, Indian Army on 29 January 1925. He was attached to the 1st battalion Gordon Highlanders from 20 March 1925, and appointed to the Indian Army on 31 March 1926, and the 16th Light Cavalry.
Atal became a lieutenant on 29 April 1927 and a quarter-master, serving in that post from 3 January 1928 until 1 October 1930. He attended an eight-month course at the Equestrian School, Saugor during 1929 and 1930. He was appointed adjutant on 1 October 1930 until being attached to the Rewa State Forces. He was promoted to captain on 29 January 1934. He was appointed chief of staff 16 February 1935, an appointment he relinquished in 1936. He was attached to the 15th Lancers, a training regiment, on 7 September 1937 until being appointed adjutant and quarter-master of the Equestrian School, Saugor on 4 December 1938 until the establishment was closed in September 1939.

### War years

Atal attended the Command and Staff College in Quetta from 1940 to 1941 and joined the staff from 1941 to 1942. He became a major on 29 January 1942 and by 1943 was serving with the 47th Cavalry, a unit raised in April 1941 and later sent to Kohat as a frontier defense armored-car regiment. It was disbanded in August 1943 and he was sent back to the 16th Light Cavalry. He became an acting lieutenant colonel on 31 July 1944 and the commanding officer of the 18th King Edward's Own Cavalry until 13 February 1946. He commanded the 2nd Independent Armored Brigade from December 1947 until February 1948. He became a major general and commander of the 1st Armored Division from February 1948 until May 1948.

### Adjutant General

Atal was the first indigenous Adjutant General of independent India, entrusted by Jawaharlal Nehru with the responsibility of designing (with Savitri Khanolkar) the Param Vir Chakra, the Indian equivalent of the Victoria Cross.
His brother, K.L. Atal, who went on to win the Maha Vir Chakra, was also a Rimcollian.

## Post retirement

Atal was the Chief Commissioner of Tripura between 15 February 1955 and 8 November 1956.
# 46th International Film Festival of India

The 46th International Film Festival of India was held on 20 to 30 November 2015 in Goa. The International Jury was headed by the chairperson, Shekhar Kapur along with UK based director, Micheal Radford, Palestinian based Israel director, Ms. Suha Arraf, German Actress, Julia Jentsch and South Korean filmmaker Jeon Kyu-Hwan. The 13-member Feature Jury was headed by Chairperson, Aribam Syam Sharma, while the 7-member Non-Feature jury was led by Chairperson, Rajendra Janglay.

## Winners

* Golden Peacock (Best Film): Embrace of the Serpent by Ciro Guerra
* IFFI Best Director Award: Peter Greenaway for "Eisenstein in Guanajuato"
* IFFI Best Actor Award (Male): Silver Peacock Award: Vincent Lindon for "The Measure of a Man"
* IFFI Best Actor Award (Female): Silver Peacock Award: Gunes Sensoy, Doga Doguslu, Tugba Sunguroglu, Elit İşcan and İlayda Akdoğan for "Mustang"
* Silver Peacock Special Jury Award: Sealed Cargo by Julia Vargas-Weise
* Special Mention: for "Enclave" by Goran Radovaovic

## Special Awards

* IFFI ICFT UNESCO Gandhi Medal: Kaushik Ganguly for Cinemawala
* Life Time Achievement Award - Nikita Mikhalkov, Oscar-winning Russian actor-filmmaker
* IFFI Indian Film Personality of the Year Award: Ilaiyaraaja

## Official selections
### Opening film

"The Man Who Knew Infinity"

### Closing film

"The Clan"
# Polarization ripples

Polarization ripples are parallel oscillations which have been observed since the 1960s on the bottom of pulsed laser irradiation of semiconductors. They have the property to be very dependent to the orientation of the laser electric field.
Since the wide availability of femtosecond lasers, such structures have been observed on metals, semiconductors, but also on dielectrics. Moreover, the ripples can reach far sub-wavelength periodicities until 100 nm as recently observed in titanium. The "cumulative" changes occurring from pulse to pulse in the material properties are still under investigation.

## Formation mechanisms

The formation mechanisms are still under debate. However, two types of formation mechanisms can be underlined:
* the resonant mechanisms, which are based on electromagnetic aspects, as periodic energy deposition due to roughness, as surface plasmon polariton excitation during the laser illumination;
* the non-resonant mechanisms, more related with thermal consequences of the irradiation of the target by the laser, like capillary waves formed in the melted layer.
The set of resonant mechanisms leading to formation of ripple is defined by the strong link between ripple periodicity and laser wavelength. It includes the excitation of surface electromagnetic wave such as surface plasmon polariton, and surface waves excited by an isolated defect or surface roughness, especially under femtosecond irradiation
An alternative mechanism that assumes the synergy of electron excitation and capillary wave solidification has been also proposed to explain both the formation of ripples and the observed ripple periodicity. An extension of the mechanism was also proposed to account for the development of periodic structures with periodicity larger than the laser beam's wavelength (i.e. grooves) that are formed perpendicularly to the subwavelength-sized ripples; the proposed physical mechanism assumes the erasing of periodic energy deposition followed by the formation of hydrothermal convection rolls that propagate parallel to the electric field polarisation.
The analogy of the structure shape with the solution of Kuramoto-Sivashinsky equations is often mentioned to support different theories such as defect accumulation, or ultrafast modification of the atomic lattice.

## Applications

Their interest is about potential applications in building microfluidic channels, changing the color of materials, modifying local electrical properties, and building sub-diffraction-limit optical diffraction gratings.
They also constitute the first stage of the Black Silicon formation process by femtosecond irradiation.
# Mighty Joe Young

Mighty Joe Young may refer to:
* Mighty Joe Young (1949 film)
* Mighty Joe Young (1998 film)
* Mighty Joe Young (musician), blues musician
* the original name for Stone Temple Pilots, who recorded the Mighty Joe Young Demo before changing their name
# Pompeius Paullinus

Pompeius Paullinus was a Roman senator, who was active during the reigns of Claudius and Nero. He was suffect consul during a nundinium in either the year 53 or 54. According to Pliny the Elder, Paullinus was the son of Pompeius Paulinus, an eques from Arelate. He may have been the brother of Pompeia Paulina who was the wife of the philosopher and statesman Seneca.
Paullinus is best known for his tenure as governor of Germania Inferior, which has been attested by a mention in Tacitus, Pliny the Elder, and an inscription recovered from Cologne which has been dated to the year 56. The evidence points to his tenure as extending from 55 to 57; he was succeeded by Lucius Duvius Avitus in the year 58. Ronald Syme surmises that while Paullinus was governor of Germania Inferior, Pliny and the future emperor Titus both served as military tribunes. From his time in that province Pliny later recalled that Paullinus brought with him 12,000 pounds of silver plate to a posting where he was "confronted by tribes of the greatest ferocity."
After Paullinus returned from Germania, he is next attested in an inscription from Ephesus which documents three commissioners appointed to attend to some matter there, along with Lucius Calpurnius Piso (suffect consul in 57) and Aulus Ducenius Geminus (suffect consul in either 60 or 61); this may be the same commission created in 62 that Tacitus mentions. His life after this is a blank. Paullinus is not mentioned as one of the people executed or exiled as a result of the Pisonian conspiracy, nor as playing a role in the Year of Four Emperors.
# IUO

IUO may refer to:
* Igbinedion University, Okada, the first private university in Nigeria
* Università degli Studi di Napoli "L'Orientale", a university in Italy
* Institut Universitaire de l'Ouest, from the list of universities in Haiti
* Industrial Unit Output, the currency unit of the game, Stellar Conquest
# Iver Jåks

Iver Jåks (25 October 1932 – 17 March 2007) was a Norwegian Sami artist, sculptor and illustrator.
Iver Iversen Jåks was born in Karasjok Municipality in Finnmark county, Norway. He was awarded a place at the Norwegian National Academy of Craft and Art Industry in Oslo from 1952 to 1955. He won a place at the Royal Danish Academy of Fine Arts in Copenhagen from 1958 to 1959.
He often used elements of Sami culture and mythology in his artistic works. He is represented at the National Gallery of Norway, at Nordnorsk Kunstmuseum, and other museums. He was decorated Knight, First Order of the Royal Norwegian Order of St. Olav in 2002. Among his awards are the Arts Council Norway Honorary Award, the Norwegian Sami Association's honorary prize and the Saami Council's honorary prize.
# Hestimidius ochreosignatus

Hestimidius ochreosignatus is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Breuning in 1939.