OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# HDMS Lougen

Three ships of the Royal Danish Navy have borne the name HDMS Lougen. The name "Lougen" is derived from the river Laagen in Norway.
* The first HDMS Lougen (1791) was a brig of 18 guns, launched in 1791. She was active in the Caribbean where in March 1801, she fought off the British privateer Experiment and 22-gun warship HMS Arab in a single action. When the British captured the Danish West Indies in 1801 Lougen was part of the booty. The British later returned her to Denmark where she was broken up in 1803.
* The second HDMS Lougen (1805) was a sloop of 18 guns, later 20, launched in 1805, transferred to the Norwegian navy in 1814, transferred to Germany in 1825, and finally shipwrecked in 1881.
* The third HDMS Lougen (1941) was a minelayer launched in 1941 that her crew scuttled in Copenhagen harbour on 29 August 1943 before German forces could claim her. She was raised and refitted after World War II. There was an explosion on board in the early 1950s. She was decommissioned and broken up in 1975/76.

## Citations

* ↑ Danish Naval Museum - Lougen - for technical drawings and model click "vis"
* ↑ Flådens Historie Danish Naval History website in Danish or in English
# Nutrient deficiency

Nutrient deficiency may refer to:
* Malnutrition, a condition in animals that results from a diet deficient in calories and/or essential nutrients
* Micronutrient deficiency, a lack of one or more of the micronutrients required for plant or animal health
** Avitaminosis, any disease caused by chronic or long-term vitamin deficiency or caused by a defect in metabolic conversion
** Mineral deficiency, a lack of dietary minerals that are needed for an organism's proper health
# HD 111232

HD 111232 is a star in the southern constellation of Musca. It is too faint to be visible with the naked eye, having an apparent visual magnitude of 7.59. The distance to this star is 94.5 light years based on parallax. It is drifting away from the Sun with a radial velocity of +104 km/s, having come to within 14.1 light-years some 264,700 years ago. The absolute magnitude of this star is 5.25, indicating it would have been visible to the naked eye at that time.
This is an ancient, thick disk population II star with an estimated age of twelve billion years. It is a G-type main-sequence star with a stellar classification of G8 V Fe-1.0, indicating an anomalous underabundance of iron in the stellar atmosphere. The star has 80% of the mass of the Sun and 88% of the Sun's radius. It is spinning slowly with a projected rotational velocity of 0.4 km/s. X-ray emission has not been detected, suggesting a low level of coronal activity. The star is radiating 70% of the luminosity of the Sun from its photosphere at an effective temperature of 5,648 K.

## Planetary system

A superjovian planetary companion was detected by the CORALIE team, based on observations beginning in 2003. Planets around such metal-poor stars are rare (the only two known similar cases as of 2019 are HD 22781 and HD 181720). An astrometric measurement of the planet's inclination and true mass was published in 2022 as part of Gaia DR3. Later in 2022, these parameters were revised along with the detection of a second substellar companion, likely a brown dwarf.
The HD 111232 planetary system :
| Companion (in order from star) | Mass | Semimajor axis (AU) | Orbital period (years) | Eccentricity | Inclination | Radius |
| b | 7.965+1.128 −0.479 M$_J$ | 2.148+0.088 −0.097 | 3.201+0.002 −0.001 | 0.214+0.005 −0.003 | 93.521+16.622 −18.063° | — |
| c | 18.063+4.209 −1.612 M$_J$ | 17.250+2.158 −2.151 | 72.478+14.115 −12.341 | 0.558+0.027 −0.028 | 87.902+13.916 −22.591° | — |
# Gyzylaýak

Gyzylaýak (or Gyzyl Ayak) is a village in the Halaç District of the Lebap Province of Turkmenistan. It is about 2 km south of Zynhary.

## Etymology

The literal meaning of Gyzylaýak is "Red Leg".

## Site

About 3 km east of the village, stands the Idris Baba Madrasah, famed for its association with Magtymguly. The site is a popular excursion venue for Turkmen school students; a tree, under whose shade Magtymguly is said to have drafted his poems, is an object of veneration.
# Gyárfás–Sumner conjecture

In graph theory, the Gyárfás–Sumner conjecture asks whether, for every tree $T$ and complete graph $K$, the graphs with neither $T$ nor $K$ as induced subgraphs can be properly colored using only a constant number of colors. Equivalently, it asks whether the $T$-free graphs are $\chi$-bounded. It is named after András Gyárfás and David Sumner, who formulated it independently in 1975 and 1981 respectively. It remains unproven.
In this conjecture, it is not possible to replace $T$ by a graph with cycles. As Paul Erdős and András Hajnal have shown, there exist graphs with arbitrarily large chromatic number and, at the same time, arbitrarily large girth. Using these graphs, one can obtain graphs that avoid any fixed choice of a cyclic graph and clique (of more than two vertices) as induced subgraphs, and exceed any fixed bound on the chromatic number.
The conjecture is known to be true for certain special choices of $T$, including paths, stars, and trees of radius two. It is also known that, for any tree $T$, the graphs that do not contain any subdivision of $T$ are $\chi$-bounded.
# Nurse (Lichtenstein)

Nurse is a painting by American pop art painter Roy Lichtenstein made in 1964.
Nurse was at one time the 34th most expensive painting ever sold, purchased on November 9, 2015, by an anonymous buyer for $95,365,000, the then-record price for a piece by an American pop art painter. It had previously sold at auction in 1995 for $1.7 million. Christie's, the auction house involved for the sale, called Nurse "a quintessential Lichtenstein heroine" and stated that the subject was taken from a 1960s comic romance novel.
# Nurse (British TV series)

Nurse is a British sitcom broadcast on BBC Two, written by Paul Whitehouse, David Cummings and Esther Coles. It is about a community mental health nurse (Esther Coles) who visits her patients in their homes and is based on the sessions she has with these patients (most of whom are played by Paul Whitehouse), other actors who play patients include Cecilia Noble, Rosie Cavaliero, Simon Day, Jason Maza, Vilma Hollingbery, Jo Enright and Sue Elliot Nichols. The first series started broadcasting on 10 March 2015 and finished broadcasting on 31 March 2015.
# HMS Engadine

Two warships of the Royal Navy have been called HMS Engadine.
* HMS Engadine (1911) was a seaplane tender which served in the First World War and was present at the Battle of Jutland. She was originally a merchant ship named after the Engadine valley in Switzerland, and the name was retained.
* HMS Engadine (1941) was an aircraft transport ship launched in May 1941.
* RFA Engadine was a Royal Fleet Auxiliary helicopter support ship that took part in the Falklands War.

## Battle honours

* Jutland, 1916
* Atlantic 1943
* Falkland Islands, 1982
# Metallwerk Oscar Weil

Metallwerk Oscar Weil is a company with a long tradition from Lahr/Black Forest, known among other things for the brand name abrazo.

## History

The beginnings of the business go back to a hardware and leather goods store founded by two brothers of the Jewish Weil family in Allmannsweier. In 1884, a branch office was established in Lahr. After one of the brothers, Oscar Weil (1860-1926), had recognized the importance of steel shavings, especially for the maintenance of wooden floors, on his travels through Europe, he started the production of this product in 1899 with five workers. By 1901, there were already 12 employees, and by 1914, 30. In 1910, the company also moved into a new factory building in Tramplerstraße. In 1926, the company was taken over by Hugo Weil (1893-1945), Oscar Weil's son, who also produced steel wool from 1931 and built an extension in 1937.
In 1938, the "Aryanization" of the company, which had 150 employees at the time, was initiated and it changed hands at the end of 1939. The new owner was the Baden NSDAP Gauwirtschaftsberater Clemens Kentrup, director at the Tscheulin aluminum plant in Teningen. Kentrup was married to the daughter of Emil Tscheulin. As Nazi economic advisor for Baden, Kentrup was instrumental in promoting the Aryanization of small and medium-sized businesses, which then had to be confirmed by the president of the Chamber of Industry and Commerce. At that time, Kentrup's father-in-law Emil Tscheulin was the president of the responsible Chamber of Industry and Commerce, who presumably also financed Kentrup's takeover of the Oscar Weil metal works.
Hugo Weil emigrated to England and died there in January 1945. In the same year, Iselore Prinz (* 1919-2014), Hugo Weil's daughter, took over the management of the company, which had returned to family ownership, initially with 25 employees, and managed it until 1970. The company continued to innovate, filing patents.
In 1955, the company already had 100 employees. The metal plant is still family-owned and is one of the leading companies in the field of steel chips, steel wool and similar products.

## Literature

* Hildegard Kattermann: Geschichte und Schicksale der Lahrer Juden. Eine Dokumentation. Hg. Stadt Lahr, 1976.
* Roland Peter: Die Kammern unterm Hakenkreuz. In: Bernd Boll und Ursula Huggle (Hrsg.): Die Industrie- und Handelskammer Südlicher Oberrhein. Hrsg. i. A. IHK Oberrhein - IHK Südlicher Oberrhein, Freiburg 1998, S. 145–174, ISBN 3-00-002797-1.
# Gold Creek, Nevada

Gold Creek is an extinct town in Elko County, Nevada, United States.

## History

A post office was established at Gold Creek in 1897, and remained in operation until 1929. The community was named for gold placer deposits near the original town site.
# Power Without Responsibility

Power Without Responsibility (subtitled: The Press and Broadcasting in Britain or Press, Broadcasting and the Internet in Britain) is a book written by James Curran (Professor of Communications at Goldsmiths College) and Jean Seaton (Professor of Media History at the University of Westminster). Originally published in 1981 by Fontana, it has been translated into several languages and is now in its eighth edition. The title comes from a quotation by the writer Rudyard Kipling; though it is widely attributed to Stanley Baldwin, the former Prime Minister of the United Kingdom, he was quoting Kipling. It details the history of the news media in the UK from the eighteenth century to the present.
In the introduction to Manufacturing Consent, Edward S. Herman and Noam Chomsky have cited this book; Chomsky has cited it again in a televised BBC interview with Andrew Marr. Nick Cohen rated it "the best guide to the British media" in a review for the New Statesman.

## Contents (Eighth edition)

Part I: Press history
* Whig press history as political mythology
* The struggle for a free press
* Janus face of reform
* Industrialization of the press
* Era of the press barons
* Press under public regulation
* Post-war press
* Press and the remaking of Britain
* Rise of the neo-liberal Establishment
* Moral decline of the press
Part II: Broadcasting history
* Reith and the denial of politics
* Broadcasting and the Blitz
* Public service commerce: ITV, new audience and new revenue
* Foreign affairs: The BBC, the world and the government
* Class, taste and profit
* Managers, regulators and broadcasters
* Public service under attack
* Broadcasting roller-coaster
Part III: Rise of new media
* New media in Britain
* History of the internet
* Sociology of the internet
* Social media: Making new societies or polarizing merchants?
Part IV: Theories of the media
* Metabolising Britishness
* Global understanding
* Broadcasting and the theory of public service
Part V: Politics of the media
* Industrial folklore and press reform
* Contradictions in media policy
* Media reform: Democratic choices
# Medieval accolade

Medieval accolade may refer to:
* Accolade (also known as dubbing or adoubement), the central act in the rite-of-passage ceremonies conferring knighthood in the Middle Ages
* Scholastic accolade, Latin nicknames for scholars
# Ornithostaphylos

Ornithostaphylos is a monotypic plant genus which contains the single species Ornithostaphylos oppositifolia, commonly known as the Baja California birdbush or Baja California manzanita. A large, evergreen shrub in the heather family, this species is near-endemic to northwestern Baja California, with a small population just north of the border in San Ysidro, California. It produces a much-branched inflorescence of white, urn-shaped flowers, and has leathery leaves that appear opposite or in whorls. These characteristics separate it from its close relatives in the region, which include manzanitas (Arctostaphylos), summer holly (Comarostaphylis) and mission manzanita (Xylococcus).

## Description

A burl-forming, branched shrub to small tree up to 2 m tall, this species has thin, smooth bark that is colored reddish purple when young, sometimes found peeling off. The erect, rigidly branched stems may have minutely wooly hairs. The evergreen, leathery leaves are arranged opposite or whorled, and are up to 8 cm long to 6 mm wide. The margins of the leaves are rolled under, with the top side of the leaf a dark green and the underside white and hairy. The inflorescence is a panicle with 10 to 20 flowers, each suspended by a long pedicel. The fused petals form a white, urn-shaped flower, with 10 stamens and a 5-chambered ovary inside. The fruit is a spherical reddish-brown drupe with 5 stones, each stone containing 2 seeds.

## Distribution and habitat

This species is distributed throughout northwestern Baja California, Mexico and a small part of California in the United States. In Baja California, it is found from Tijuana south to the southern end of the Sierra de San Pedro Martir. In California, around 100 individuals are found growing north of the International Border on a single mesa near the Tijuana Hills.
Plants of this species make their home in the coastal chaparral, where they may form dense, nearly pure strands. The population in the United States is threatened by habitat fragmentation from the construction of roads, trails, and Border Patrol activities, such as "brush" clearing. Part of the known population was transplanted away to make room for the border fence, but their long-term survival is uncertain.

## Uses

A very slow growing, rare plant, this attractive small tree is well suited in gardens within its native area as a collector's or specimen plant. It is hardy down to 12 °F. It is drought-tolerant but does fine with occasional watering, enjoying well-draining to rocky soil.

## Gallery

* Detail of the flowers, with a view to their insides
* A nascent inflorescence with leaves
* The plant in habitat
* The old inflorescence with drupes
* Flowering at the Regional Parks Botanic Garden
# Metaeuchromius flavofascialis

Metaeuchromius flavofascialis is a moth in the family Crambidae. It was described by Kyu-Tek Park in 1990. It is found in South Korea.
# Navalperal de Pinares

Navalperal de Pinares is a municipality located in the province of Ávila, Castile and León, Spain. According to the 2023 census (INE), the municipality has a population of 792 inhabitants.

## History

In the sixteenth century becomes dependent on the Marquis of the Navas. This is reflected in the dome of the main chapel the parish church, which appears as cavalier stone shield of the Marquis. Navalperal remain socially and politically under the Marquis until well into the nineteenth century.
It has an area of 57.90 km$^2$, with a population of 792 inhabitants and a density of 23.69 inhabitants per km$^2$. It is at an altitude of 1287m and a distance of 28 km of Avila.

## Location

Navalperal de Pinares extends slightly hilly terrain with altitudes of around between 1200 and 1500, being the highest peak in the Valpardo area to 1517m.
It has a climate with cold winters and summers are slightly warmer. The predominant vegetation is the grass-rich meadows, among which are some stands of oak and pine scrub.
Throughout the town there are numerous springs, forming streams and creeks, that are responsible for maintaining the abundant fresh pasture and swell Becedas river flow in the south and to a lesser extent Voltoya basin, a tributary of the Duero, in northern .
From east to west and almost through the center of the municipality run the C-505 and the northern railway.

## Demographics and economics

The first demographic data come from the population census in the late sixteenth century where it states: "The place of Navalperal has a font of 156 neighbors."
In the eighteenth century contained only 172 inhabitants and 663 mid-nineteenth century inhabitants, increasing substantially in 1860 with the stationing of the railway. In the late nineteenth and early twentieth exceed 1000 inhabitants, arriving in 1960 to 1523 inhabitants.
Historically and until recent years, livestock is the main source of income. Currently allocated 5,000 hectares of pasture land which feed almost two thousand cows.
Excellent communication with Avila and Madrid, in conjunction with the landscape features and weather which will contribute to Navalperal, make the tourism sector, followed closely by livestock, is the basis of its economy.
# Neersville, Virginia

Neersville is an unincorporated community in northwestern Loudoun County, Virginia, United States. It is located in the Between the Hills area of the Loudoun Valley on Harpers Ferry Road (Virginia Secondary Route 671) at the foot of Short Hill Mountain. It is notable for being the birthplace of Confederate guerrilla John Mobberly.

## History

Neersville derives its name from the Neer brothers, Conrad and William, who were in the 1770s the first to lease and later own the land around the present village . Their land deeds began in 1786. The village began to coalesce around the dependencies of the Near farms in 1834 when the Lutheran Church was given a half acre on which they constructed St. Paul's Church. Within five years, the post office established a branch in the village which they christened Neersville and, with it, the "Capitol City" of Between the Hills was born.
The village continued to prosper in the antebellum years, boasting two mills, a saw and grist, by 1850. Because of the limited flow of Piney Run, only one could operate at a time. The village suffered some during the Civil War, mostly by the burning of the bridge across the Potomac River, which kept the isolated village connected to the Harpers Ferry and the outside world via the B&O Railroad and C&O Canal. Though the village was occupied by both armies during the war, no real fighting took place there.
Following the conflict, the village began to prosper again, especially with the opening of Sagle Road, which cut from the Harpers Ferry Road at the village to the Charles Town Pike (present day Rt. 9) just east of Keyes Gap and the opening of the Nathaniel Prince Road, which led east from the village across the Short Hill, connecting the village to Lovettsville. By 1885 the village even boasted a school.
The 20th century was not so kind to Neersville. The population began to dwindle, the school closed in 1930, the general store closed in 1956 and by October 1970 even St. Paul's had closed its doors. Furthermore Nathaniel Prince Road was not incorporated into the county road system and thus was never graded and maintained for automobile use, thereby cutting off the village from Lovettsville.
Neersville has a voluntary fire department A library bus of the Loundon County library arrives once a month.

## Newspapers

* Purcellville Gazette - weekly
# Magenta Playground

Magenta Playground is a 1.21-acre (0.49-hectare) park in the Allerton section of The Bronx in New York City. It includes basketball and handball courts, a children's play area with a climbable seal sculpture, spray shower, and restrooms. Most of these were installed during a 1998 renovation.
The land for the park was acquired by New York City via condemnation in 1960, and opened as a park in 1966. The park is next to Gun Hill Road school (Bronx PS 41, K-12) and is operated jointly by NYC Parks and the NYC Department of Education. It is within Bronx City Council District 12. The name Magenta Playground dates to 1987, when the park was renamed.
# 1985 RTHK Top 10 Gold Songs Awards

The 1985 RTHK Top 10 Gold Songs Awards (Chinese: 1985年度十大中文金曲得獎) was held in 1985 for the 1984 music season. This is the first ceremony to offer the "Golden Needle Award".

## Top 10 song awards

The top 10 songs (十大中文金曲) of 1985 are as follows.
| Song name in Chinese | Artist | Composer | Lyricist |
| 雨夜的浪漫 | Alan Tam | 木喜三郎 | Hoeng Syut-waai (向雪懷) |
| 誰可相依 | Julie Su | Lam man-yi (林敏怡) | Pun Jyun-loeng (潘源良) |
| 不羈的風 | Leslie Cheung | 大澤譽志幸 | Richard Lam |
| 聽不到的說話 | David Lui (呂方) | Saam Zan-lei (杉真理) | Hoeng Syut-waai (向雪懷) |
| 最緊要好玩 | Samuel Hui | Samuel Hui | Richard Lam |
| 蔓珠莎華 | Anita Mui | Zi Kei-lung (字崎龍) | Pun Wai-yun (潘偉源) |
| 情已逝 | Jacky Cheung | 來生孝夫 | Pun Jyun-loeng (潘源良) |
| 每一個晚上 | George Lam | Andrew Lloyd Webber Wong Zi (黃自) | Richard Lam |
| 順流、逆流 | Paula Tsui | Terrence Choi (蔡國權) | Terrence Choi (蔡國權) |
| 愛情陷阱 | Alan Tam | Hiroaki Serizawa (芹澤廣明) | Pun Jyun-loeng (潘源良) |

## Other awards

| Award | Song or album (if available) | Recipient |
| Best C-pop song award (最佳中文流行歌曲獎) | 誰可相依 | Lam man-yi (林敏怡) |
| Best C-pop lyrics award (最佳中文流行歌詞獎) | 順流‧逆流 | Terrence Choi (蔡國權) |
| Best new prospect award (最有前途新人獎) | - | (gold) Jacky Cheung (silver) Susanne Ho (何嘉麗) (bronze) Cally Kwong (鄺美雲) |
| IFBI award (IFBI 大獎) | - | Alan Tam |
| RTHK Golden needle award (金針獎) | - | Samuel Hui |
# Nelson Peterson

Nelson Lane Peterson (September 22, 1913 – December 4, 1990) was an American football running back who played the National Football League (NFL) for the Washington Redskins and the Cleveland Rams. He attended West Virginia Wesleyan College. Peterson was the head coach and played for the 1945 Fort McClellan Riflemen football team.

## Head coaching record

| Year | Team | Overall |
| Fort McClellan Riflemen (Independent) (1945) ||||||
| 1945 | Fort McClellan | 4–2 |
| Fort McClellan: | Fort McClellan: | 4–2 |
| Total: | Total: | 4–2 |
# Gilva, Numidia

Gilva was a Roman–Berber city in the province of Mauretania Caesariensis. It flourished during the Roman and Vandal empires. It was located to the south of Hippo Regius in present-day Algeria. The town existed from around 300 to 640AD.
Gilva is known through the writing of Augustine, over a dispute over an appointment of a bishop to the bishopric seat who was unwanted by the parishioners.
The town was a colonia and one of 170 bishoprics in Roman North Africa. In 422, there was a local Church synod.
Roman rule in the city ended in the 7th century with the spread of Islam.
# Magod

Magod is a small village in South Gujarat in the Valsad district. It has been there for a period of approximately 350 years. It is a fertile area which is heavily used for agriculture.
Magod is also small village of karnataka in southern part of India.
This village is approximately 160 km from Mumbai and 100 km from Surat. Distance from Valsad railway station is 11 km and its approximately 7 km from National High way no 48 Atul. Big chemical complex Atul is less than 6 km from magod

## Agriculture

There are many farms in Magod which are owned by multiple families. Its main source of income is yielded from the production of mangoes. Other subordinate products of income are rice, various vegetables, including tomatoes.
# Nd:YCOB

Nd-doped YCOB (Nd:YCa$_4$O(BO$_3$)$_3$) is a nonlinear optical crystal, which is commonly used as an active laser medium. It can be grown from a melt by the Czochralski technique. It belongs to the monoclinic system with space group C$_s$$^2$-Cm. Each neodymium ion replaces a yttrium ion in the YCOB crystal structure.

## Parameters in the Sellmeier equation

| | n$_x$ | n$_y$ | n$_z$ |
| A | 2.78232 | 2.88739 | 2.92685 |
| B | 0.01120 | 0.01223 | 0.01474 |
| C | 0.08990 | 0.08855 | 0.07466 |
| D | 7.2561×10$^{−5}$ | 6.1142×10$^{−5}$ | 5.2148×10$^{−5}$ |