OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Empress Gao (Song dynasty)

Empress Gao (1032–1093) was a Chinese empress of the Song dynasty, married to Emperor Yingzong. She served as the regent of China during the minority of her grandson, Emperor Zhezong, from 1085 until her death in 1093.

## Life

Gao was from Mencheng in Hao Province. She was the niece of her predecessor, her maternal aunt Empress Cao, who was the empress of Emperor Renzong of Song. She was chosen as the principal consort of the heir apparent by her aunt, Empress Cao. She had four sons and four daughters.
In 1063, Emperor Yingzong succeeded Emperor Renzong, and Gao became Empress. In 1067, her spouse was succeeded by her son, Emperor Shenzong of Song, and she was named Empress Dowager. Her tenure as empress consort and empress dowager was undistinguished, and she had no power or influence during the reign of her spouse or son. During her son Shenzong's reign, she opposed the reform policy of Wang Anshi and supported Sima Guang.

### Regency

Upon the death of her son Shenzong in 1085, her underage grandson became Emperor Zhezong of Song. She was elevated to Grand Empress Dowager and became regent of China during the minority of her grandson.
As Regent, Gao appointed conservatives such as Sima Guang as chancellor, who discontinued the New Policies initiated by Wang Anshi. As regent, she held court behind a lowered screen alongside the child emperor and used the same ceremonial prerogatives of a ruling emperor: her birthdays were celebrated with special names and diplomatic envoys were sent in her name rather than the emperor's. She was known to be strict toward her own relatives and refused to promote them to official posts during her reign. She has been traditionally recommended for her intelligence and good judgement in choosing officials, and her refusal to admit any influence to her relatives. Her government has been praised for restoring stability and keeping peace to the realm, but also criticized for being a period of reactionary passivity. In 1092, she selected Empress Meng to be the empress of her grandson. Gao was unwilling to retire when the emperor reached the age of seventeen, traditionally the age of majority. Her grandson the emperor favored the reformists of his father and resented both the conservatism and domineering ways of his grandmother.
Gao kept her position of regent until her death. On her deathbed, she advised her officials to retire.
# James Olsen (footballer)

James Paul Olsen (born 23 October 1981) in Liverpool, England, is an English professional footballer who played as a midfielder for Tranmere Rovers and Macclesfield Town in the Football League.
# History of the Pilgrims

The History of the Pilgrims (Latin: Historia peregrinorum) is an anonymous Latin account of the expedition of the Emperor Frederick Barbarossa during the Third Crusade (1189–90). It was written not long after events, possibly even before the death of the Emperor Henry VI (1197). It is divided into three sections on the conquests of Saladin, the preparations for the crusade and the crusade itself. The first section contains the most original material and the final section is the longest. It ends abruptly with the death of Barbarossa. The sole surviving manuscript, made in the early 13th century at Salem Abbey, is not quite complete and seems to be missing the last sentences.
The History of the Pilgrims is pro-imperial in stance, but not uncritically so. It is not an eyewitness account and draws on the earlier Historia de expeditione Friderici imperatoris, which it augments with material drawn from eyewitnesses and other now lost notices. Among the latter was probably a tract on Conrad of Montferrat's campaign in Palestine, since his defence of Tyre (1187) is covered in the first part covering Saladin's conquests. Conrad's father, William V, was one of Barbarossa's closest Italian allies. The History may also make use of the Marbach Annals, or perhaps of a lost common source, for its coverage of the assembly of Strasbourg (1187) and the "Court of Christ" (1188).
The anonymous author was probably from Swabia, judging by his knowledge of individual Swabian knights. He may have been a monk of Salem.
# Golyama Brestnitsa

Golyama Brestnitsa (Bulgarian: Голяма Брестница) is a small hillside village in Yablanitsa Municipality, Lovech Province, northern Bulgaria. About 150 residents live here but some houses are holiday homes or for rental, making the village busier at weekends and during school holidays. A number of residents are from the UK or other countries in Europe.

## Geography

Golyama Brestnitsa lies in a hilly country facing the Danubian Plain to the north and the foothills of the Balkan Mountains to the south. From the Danchova Mogila hill near the village there is a panoramic view to the Balkan peaks of Dragoitsa, Lisets, Vasilyov and Vezhen to the south.
The village is located 105 km north-east of the national capital Sofia via the A2 Hemus motorway and 55 km of the city of Lovech.
There is a daily bus service from the bus stop near the town hall to the village of Zlatna Panega and the municipal centre Yablanitsa (6 km away), from where there are buses to Sofia or Varna daily.
Lukovit is 12km and has large international supermarkets. The closest major town is Botevgrad (37km) along the A2 towards Sofia
There are numerous hikes and walks around the village and onward to Daben or Brestnitsa where the Saeva dupka caves. The cave has a naturally formed 400 meter corridor and hall.

## Economy

The main employer is the Titan Cement Factory in Zlatna Panga.
The village has a lively café/pub/shop and square, picnic area, town hall with meeting room, post office with shop, church, cemetery and four B&B accommodations (guest house, room rental and villa rental).
A number of villagers keep bees and sell honey to make extra income.

## Citations

* ↑ "Golyama Brestnitsa". Guide Bulgaria. Retrieved 6 July 2018.
* This Lovech Province, Bulgaria location article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
# Gowzluy-e Sofla

Gowzluy-e Sofla (Persian: گوزللوي سفلي, also Romanized as Gowzlūy-e Soflá; also known as Gowzlū-ye Soflá) is a village in Ajorluy-ye Gharbi Rural District, Baruq District, Miandoab County, West Azerbaijan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 49, in 10 families.
# Sempor

Sempor (Javanese: ꦱꦺꦩ꧀ꦥꦺꦴꦂ, romanized: Sèmpor) is a district of Kebumen Regency, Central Java, Indonesia. Sempor District is approximately 29 km northwest of Kebumen City. It borders Mandiraja District to the north, Karanggayam and Karanganyar Districts to the east, Gombong and Buayan Districts to the south, and Rowokele District to the west.
As of 2010, Sempor has a population of 58,418. Sempor District consists of 16 villages, 74 rukun warga, and 368 rukun tetangga. The administrative center of Sempor District is Jatinegara Village.

## Geography

Sempor District is situated inside a valley within the South Serayu Mountains. The Sempor Reservoir is located in the center of the district.

## Climate

Sempor has a tropical rainforest climate (Af) with abundant rainfall year-round. It receives the most amount of precipitation in January, and the least in August. A summary of the annual temperature fluctuation and rainfall can be seen below:
Climate data for Sempor :
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 27.7 (81.9) | 27.8 (82.0) | 27.9 (82.2) | 28 (82) | 27.9 (82.2) | 27.3 (81.1) | 26.9 (80.4) | 27.3 (81.1) | 28.1 (82.6) | 28.4 (83.1) | 27.8 (82.0) | 27.5 (81.5) | 27.7 (81.8) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 24.5 (76.1) | 24.5 (76.1) | 24.7 (76.5) | 24.8 (76.6) | 24.6 (76.3) | 24 (75) | 23.4 (74.1) | 23.3 (73.9) | 24 (75) | 24.6 (76.3) | 24.7 (76.5) | 24.5 (76.1) | 24.3 (75.7) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 22.1 (71.8) | 22.2 (72.0) | 22.2 (72.0) | 22.3 (72.1) | 21.9 (71.4) | 21.1 (70.0) | 20.4 (68.7) | 20.1 (68.2) | 21 (70) | 21.9 (71.4) | 22.4 (72.3) | 22.3 (72.1) | 21.7 (71.0) |
| Average rainfall mm (inches) | 403 (15.9) | 348 (13.7) | 319 (12.6) | 258 (10.2) | 148 (5.8) | 108 (4.3) | 83 (3.3) | 63 (2.5) | 102 (4.0) | 219 (8.6) | 367 (14.4) | 387 (15.2) | 2,805 (110.5) |
| Source: Climate-Data.org ||||||||||||||

## Administrative divisions

Sempor is divided into the following 16 villages:
* Bejiruyung
* Bonosari
* Donorojo
* Jatinegoro
* Kalibeji
* Kedungjati
* Kedungwringin
* Kenteng
* Pekuncen
* Sampang
* Selokerto
* Semali
* Sempor
* Sidoharum
* Somagede
* Tunjungseto

## Education

There are a total of 50 schools spread out across all the villages under Sempor. A breakdown of the 50 schools are shown in the table below:
| Type | Number | Number |
| Type | Public | Private |
| Primary schools (SD) | 39 | 1 |
| Junior High Schools (SMP) | 3 | 3 |
| Madrasah Ibtidaiyah (MI) | N/A | 3 |
| Madrasah Tsanawiyah (MTs) | N/A | 1 |
# Doukkala-Abda

Doukkala-Abda (Arabic: دكالة عبدة (Ǧihâtu Dukkālâ - ʿAbdâ)) was formerly one of the sixteen regions of Morocco from 1997 to 2015. It is situated in west-central Morocco. It covered an area of 13,285 km² and had a population of 2,173,090 (2014 census). The capital is Sidi Bennour.

## Administrative divisions

The region is made up into the following 4 provinces :
* El Jadida Province$^2$
* Sidi Bennour Province$^{1,}$ $^2$
* Safi Province$^3$
* Youssoufia Province$^{1,}$ $^3$

### Notes

$^1$ - The provinces of Sidi Bennour and Youssoufia were both created in 2009: Sidi Bennour by splitting El Jadida, and Youssoufia by splitting Safi. $^2$ - The provinces of El Jadida and Sidi Bennour correspond to the historic region of Doukkala; now part of the Casablanca-Settat Region as of September 2015. $^3$ - The provinces of Safi and Youssoufia correspond approximately to the historic region of Abda; now part of the Marrakesh-Safi Region as of September 2015.

## Cities

* Jdida
* Sidi Bennour
* Azemour
* Bir Jdid
* Zmamra
* Oulad Frej
* Karia
* Moulay Abdallah
* Oualidia
* Laaounate
* Sidi Smail
* Oulad Ghadbane
* Sidi Ali Ben Hamdouche
* Sebt Lamaarif
* Oulad Amrane
* Sidi Bouzid
* Asfi
* Youssoufia
* Echemaia
* Jmaat Shaim
* Sebt Gzoula
* Sidi Ahmed
* Laakarta
* Bouguedra
* Ighoud
* Ahrara

## Features of the region

* Tribal composition of the Doukkala-Abda region
* Doukkala-Abda region headquarters in Safi
# Mikhail Anikushin

Mikhail Konstantinovich Anikushin (Russian: Михаил Константинович Аникушин; 19 September 1917, Moscow – 18 May 1997, Saint Petersburg) was a Soviet and Russian sculptor. Among his most famous works are a monument to Alexander Pushkin at Pushkinskaya Station of the Saint Petersburg Metro (1954), a monument to Alexander Pushkin at Arts Square in Saint Petersburg (1957), and a monument to Vladimir Lenin at Moskovskaya Square in Saint Petersburg.
A minor planet 3358 Anikushin discovered by Soviet astronomer Nikolai Chernykh in 1978 is named after him.
# MC Oran (handball)

Mouloudia Club d'Oran (handball) (Arabic: نادي مولودية وهران لكرة اليد), referred to as MC Oran HB for a short, is an Algerian handball team based in Oran, that plays in the Algerian Handball Championship.

## Honours
### National titles

* Algerian Handball Championship
    Champion (2): 1983, 1992
* Algerian Handball Cup
    Champion (2): 1984, 1986
    Runners-up (6): 1979, 1982, 1985, 1988, 1989, 1999

### International titles

* African Handball Cup Winners' Cup
    Champion (1): 1987
    Runner-up (1): 1988
* Arab Club Handball Championship
    Champion (3): 1983, 1984, 1988
    Runner-up (1): 1994
    Third place (1): 1985
* Arab Handball Championship of Winners' Cup
    Fourth place (1): 1999

### Women's section
#### Algerian Women's Handball Cup

    Champion (1): 1987

## Notable players

* Abdelkrim Bendjemil
* Abdeslam Benmaghsoula
* Chemseddine Bensenouci
* Houari Besbes
* Nacereddine Bessedjerari
* Abdeldjalil Bouanani
* Mohamed Bouziane
* Djamel Doballah
* Mustapha Doballah
* Sofiane Elimam
* Jamel Harrat
* Ali Houd
* Bouâa Mekhloufi
* Salim Nedjel
* Nourreddine Hamdoune
# Darreh Jik

Darreh Jik (Persian: دره جيك, also Romanized as Darreh Jīk) is a village in Minjavan-e Sharqi Rural District, Minjavan District, Khoda Afarin County, East Azerbaijan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 106, in 31 families.
# Kırıkkale Subregion

The Kırıkkale Subregion (Turkish: Kırıkkale Alt Bölgesi) (TR71) is a statistical subregion in Turkey.

## Provinces

* Kırıkkale Province (TR711)
* Aksaray Province (TR712)
* Niğde Province (TR713)
* Nevşehir Province (TR714)
* Kırşehir Province (TR715)
# Botijas River

The Botijas River (Spanish: Río Botijas) is a river of Orocovis and Barranquitas, Puerto Rico.
# Apulia and Calabria

Apulia and Calabria (Latin: Apulia et Calabria) may refer to:
* Province of Apulia and Calabria, Roman
* County of Apulia and Calabria, medieval
* Duchy of Apulia and Calabria, medieval
# Central tegmental tract

The central tegmental tract is a tract that carries ascending and descending fibers, situated in the midbrain tegmentum, and the pontine tegmentum. The tract is situated in the central portion of the reticular formation.

## Structure

The central tegmental tract contains descending and ascending fibers. It runs from the red nucleus to the inferior olivary nucleus. In humans it is very small and runs ventral to the lateral corticospinal tract.

### Descending fibers

Descending fibers of the rubro-olivary tract project from the parvocellular red nucleus to the ipsilateral inferior olivary nucleus. The inferior olivary nucleus projects to the contralateral cerebellum via olivocerebellar fibers. The rubro-olivary fibres descend through the superior cerebellar peduncle.

### Ascending fibers

Ascending fibers are second-order axons projecting from the gustatory nucleus (the rostral part of the solitary nucleus] to the ventral posteromedial nucleus of thalamus (third-order neurons in turn project to the gustatory cortex).
Ascending reticulothalamic fibres project from the medial zone nuclei of the reticular formation to the hypothalamus (to mediate autonomic nervous system response), and the intralaminar thalamic nuclei (to mediate a startle response to pain).

## Clinical significance

Lesion of the tract can cause palatal myoclonus, e.g. in myoclonic syndrome, in strokes of the posterior inferior cerebellar artery.

## Additional Images

* Horizontal section through the lower part of the pons. The central tegmental tract is labeled #16.
* Tractography showing central tegmental tract
# My Year in the No-Man's-Bay

My Year in the No-Man's-Bay (German: Mein Jahr in der Niemandsbucht) is a 1994 novel by the Austrian writer Peter Handke. It follows a writer's attempt to describe a metamorphosis he went through two decades earlier, when he stopped being confrontative and instead became a passive observer. The task proves to be difficult and most of the book is instead concerned with the lives of the narrator, his family and the people in the Paris suburb where he lives. The book is 1066 pages long in its original German. It was published in English in 1998, translated by Krishna Winston.

## Reception

Volker Hage of Der Spiegel compared the book to works by Botho Strauß, as both Strauß and Handke use literature to reflect on the activity of writing. Hage wrote that My Year in the No-Man's-Bay may be described as "postmodern literati-literature", something critics have anticipated with horror, but continued: "What does such a label matter, when the prose is as intense as relaxed, as surprising as obvious, as beautiful as original".
When the English translation was published in 1998, Publishers Weekly's critic wrote: "Despite attaining moments of stylistic lucidity worthy of Montaigne, the narrator more often comes across as gloomy and hostile. Nonetheless, numerous trenchant moments of insight make this work intriguing and provocative." Lee Siegel reviewed the book for The New York Times. He described it as "one carefully observed image after another expanding into a cinematically eternal present tense", which according to Siegel means that "in a sense, then, Handke's novel is an argument for the superiority of film to the novel". The critic continued: "Though at times intellectually bracing, this can make for pretty arid reading. And Handke's attempts at elevating his epic of self-regarding banality often make matters worse. Rejecting character, plot and psychology as mere fictions, he relies on an ostentatious thematic framework that winds up being more implausible than any old-fashioned novelistic trick." Publishers Weekly called the English translation "impeccable", while Siegel called it "clumsy and overliteral".
# Republic Museum

Republic Museum (also known as "Second parliament Building of Turkey", Turkish: Cumhuriyet Müzesi) is a museum in Ankara, Turkey, which was the Turkish Parliament building from 1924 to 1960.

## Geography

The museum is in the Ulus neighborhood of Ankara, on Cumhuriyet Boulevard. The War of Independence Museum, another museum which served as the Turkish Parliament (from 1920 to 1924) is to the northeast of the Republic Museum.

## History

The former Turkish Parliament building (now the War of Independence Museum) which was used during the Turkish War of Independence, was actually a branch office building of the Ottoman era-Committee of Union and Progress. During the war of Independence the committee was already dissolved and the nationalists used the building as the parliament building, but it was small and inconvenient. Thus, after the Republic was proclaimed in 1923, a new and larger building was constructed just to the southwest of the former building. The architect of the new building was Vedat (Tek). The parliament moved to this new building on 18 September 1924.
Up to 1960, all Turkish Parliaments from the 2nd to the 11th Parliament of Turkey served in this building.
After 1960, the building served as the CENTO (Central Treaty Organization) headquarters. After CENTO was dissolved in 1979, the building was handed over to the Ministry of Culture, and the ministry redesigned the building as a museum. The museum was opened on 30 September 1981 in the 100th birth year of Mustafa Kemal Atatürk.
* Historical Plenary chamber inside the museum
* Ceiling of the entrance hall

## The museum

In the museum the photographs of all former presidents of Turkey and Prime Ministers of Turkey, as well as all banknotes and coins issued during the Republican age, are displayed. There are also photographs, showboards and mockups about the development of the country after the Republic was proclaimed.
# Ivanili Heights

Ivanili Heights (Bulgarian: Иванилски възвишения, ‘Ivanilski Vazvisheniya’ \i-va-'nil-ski v&z-vi-'she-ni-ya\) are the heights extending 10 km in north-south direction and 7.5 km wide, rising to 1434 m (Stargel Peak) on Oscar II Coast in Graham Land. They are bounded by Brenitsa Glacier to the west and Rogosh Glacier to the east, and linked by Okorsh Saddle to Foster Plateau to the north. The feature is named after the settlement of Ivanili in Northern Bulgaria.

## Location

Ivanili Heights are centred at 64°52′30″S 61°25′00″W﻿ / ﻿64.87500°S 61.41667°W﻿ / -64.87500; -61.41667. British mapping in 1978.

## Maps

* British Antarctic Territory. Scale 1:200000 topographic map. DOS 610 Series, Sheet W 64 60. Directorate of Overseas Surveys, Tolworth, UK, 1978.
* Antarctic Digital Database (ADD). Scale 1:250000 topographic map of Antarctica. Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research (SCAR), 1993–2016.
# Katunishte

Katunishte Village (Bulgarian: Катунище) is a village in Sliven Province, Bulgaria. Katunishte features a community center and offers modern amenities such as cable TV, internet access, and mobile phone coverage. The village is home to several eco-friendly houses that operate as hotels, along with a restaurant, café, and local shops. Katunishte Village is recognized as a national architectural reserve, with all its houses showcasing Renaissance style architecture.

## Landmarks and Locations

The St. Trinity church, constructed in the 19th century can be found nearby. Surrounding the village are additional attractions areas such as Lisichi Dol, Valkov Chair, and Sredoryaka. Nearby, in Gradets the remnants of the ancient Roman Kale can be located, being positioned to oversee all routes to the site. The Kamchia River flows below, providing spots for fishing. The architectural reserves of Zheravna, located 8 km northwest, and Medven, 10 km northeast, are part of the network of tourist sites recognized by the Bulgarian Tourist Union.
# Fernando Costa

Fernando Eurico de Barros Oliveira da Fonseca e Costa (also Fernando Costa, born 29 April 1985) is a Portuguese former swimmer, who specialized in long-distance freestyle events. He is a two-time Olympian, and currently holds the Portuguese record in the 1500 m freestyle from the 2007 Summer Universiade in Bangkok, Thailand.
Costa made his first Portuguese team, as a 19-year-old, at the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens, Greece, where he competed in the men's 1500 m freestyle. Swimming in last out of five heats, Costa closed out the field with an eighth-place finish and twenty-first overall in 15:32.55, more than thirty seconds behind the winner Yuri Prilukov of Russia.
At the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing, Costa qualified for the second time in the men's 1500 m freestyle, by clearing a FINA B-standard entry time of 15:16.22 from the 2007 Summer Universiade in Bangkok, Thailand. Costa challenged six other swimmers on the second heat, including three-time Olympians Dragoș Coman of Romania, and Nicolas Rostoucher of France. He raced to sixth place by two seconds behind Coman in 15:26.21. Costa failed to advance into the final for the second time, as he placed twenty-ninth overall in the prelims.
Costa is also a former member and a student assistant coach of the swimming team for the Wayne State Warriors, and a graduate of nutrition and food science at Wayne State University in Detroit, Michigan.
# Pshish

Pshish (Russian: Пшиш; Adyghe: Пщыщ) is a river in Krasnodar Krai and the Republic of Adygea of Russia. It is a left tributary of the Kuban. It is 258 kilometres (160 mi) long, with a drainage basin of 1,850 square kilometres (710 sq mi).
# Pedro Sarmiento (disambiguation)

Pedro Sarmiento (1956–2024) was a Colombian football player.
Pedro Sarmiento may also refer to:
* Pedro Sarmiento (cardinal) (c. 1478–1541)
* Pedro Sarmiento de Gamboa (1532–92), explorer
* Pedro Sarmiento, 3rd Marquis of Mancera (c. 1625–1715)
# The Shadow Play (1992 film)

The Shadow Play (Turkish: Gölge Oyunu) is a 1992 Turkish drama film directed by Yavuz Turgul.

## Cast

* Şener Şen - Abidin
* Şevket Altuğ - Mahmut
* Larissa Litichevskaya - Kumru
* Ülkü Duru [tr]
* Metin Çekmez - Ramazan
* Cevat Çapan [tr]
# Artze

Artze (Armenian: Արծն; Greek: Ἄρτζε) was a town in Medieval Armenia in the 10th–11th centuries.
It was located some 55 km east of the Byzantine city of Theodosiopolis, in the district of Phasiane on the borderlands between Armenia and Iberia, on the left bank of the Araxes River. It is mentioned as the seat of a Byzantine strategos in the Escorial Taktikon (c. 971/975). It was ceded along with other cities to David III of Tao in 979 for his assistance in suppressing the rebellion of Bardas Skleros, but recovered after David's death in 1000, when it became part of the catepanate of Iberia.
The town is chiefly known from the report of John Skylitzes, who writes that it was a popular trade centre, attracting merchants from Syria and Armenia and elsewhere. The town was sacked by the Seljuk Turks in 1048/49, and its surviving inhabitants moved to Theodosiopolis, which they started to call in Armenian Arcn Rum ("Artze of the Romans [i.e., Byzantines]"). From this the later and current name of Theodosiopolis, Erzurum, derives.
Artze should not be confused with the ancient and medieval town of Arzen, which was farther south.