OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Ludwig Münstermann

Ludwig Münstermann (c. 1560 or 1575 – 1638/39) was a German sculptor and master woodcarver from either Hamburg or Bremen. He worked in numerous churches and was a leading exponent of the North German Mannerist style in sculpture.

## Life and career

Münstermann is said to have been from either Hamburg or Bremen. He was active before 1599 in the workshop of the Bremen sculptor Hans Winter (1565–1603). Tonnies and Heinrich Münstermann were also woodworkers in Bremen at this period. Ludwig Münstermann became a master in the guild of turners in Hamburg in 1599. From 1607 to 1612, he worked on Schloss Oldenburg.
Münstermann carved many altars, pulpits and organ cases for churches, especially in the Duchy of Oldenburg. His largest surviving altar is in the castle church at Varel, where he worked on the altar, pulpit and font between 1613 and 1618. Around 1590 he worked in his winter studio on epitaphs for St Ansgar's church in Bremen. There are important altars, pulpits and font covers by Münstermann in two churches in Stadland, St Matthew's in Rodenkirchen (1629–31) and St Secundus' in Schwei (1618–38). The church in Hohenkirchen in Wangerland has an altar (1620) and pulpit (1628) by him, and St Hippolytus' church in Blexen in Nordenham has altar figures and a pulpit (1638). His organ case for the former castle chapel at Rotenburg an der Wümme (1608) and a stone statue of Hercules are in the Focke Museum in Bremen.
Münstermann is one of the most prominent representatives of North German Mannerist sculpture. His style is characterised by exaggerated figures in movement that may approach the grotesque and by dramatic expressivity. Depictions are framed by detailed mannerist ornamental and architectural settings. Ornate colouration in practically gaudy hues and shadings plays an important rôle in his aesthetic; however, this element has in part been effaced by unsympathetic 'restorations'. It is significant that Münstermann first attracted attention from art historians in the Expressionist era.
A street in Barmbek-Nord in the Hamburg-Nord district of Hamburg is named for him.
# Nicholas Litlyngton

Nicholas Litlyngton, also spelled Litlington or Littlington (died 29 November 1386), was successively prior and abbot of Westminster Abbey.
Nicholas born, probably in Littleton, before 1315 to Hugh and Joan. He was a member of the Despenser family and used their coat of arms. He endowed anniversary masses for his parents at Hurley Priory and Great Malvern Priory. He entered Westminster in or before 1333.
Nicholas was elected prior in 1350 and abbot in 1362. He continued the programme of his predecessor, Simon Langham, to restore the monastery to its former glory following the Black Death. He finished work on the cloister and built a new infirmary. Recruitment also rose and the number of monks approached former levels. Langham remained a generous donor to the abbey until his death in 1376, when Nicholas executed his will. In 1373–1374, Nicholas represented Edward Despenser in England while he was taking part in the Great Chevauchée in France.
Nicholas regularly attended parliament in Westminster. In October 1378, he attended in Gloucester to defend his actions in admitting an alleged traitor, Robert Hawley, into the abbey, where he was murdered. He commissioned the Litlyngton Missal in 1383–1384 for the monastery. During the invasion scare of 1386, he purchased armour in order to help defend against the French. He died at his house in La Neyte on 29 November and was buried with his armour in the chapel of Saint Blaise on 17 December.
# Bukit Goram

Bukit Goram is a state constituency in Sarawak, Malaysia, that has been represented in the Sarawak State Legislative Assembly since 2016.
The state constituency was created in the 2015 redistribution and is mandated to return a single member to the Sarawak State Legislative Assembly under the first past the post voting system.

## History
### Polling districts

According to the gazette issued on 31 October 2022, the Bukit Goram constituency has a total of 8 polling districts.
| State constituency | Polling Districts | Code | Location |
| Bukit Goram (N63) | Sungai Kapit | 215/63/01 | SK Sg. Kapit RH Bundong, Sebabai Ili, Jalan Bukit Goram |
| Bukit Goram (N63) | Kapit | 215/63/02 | SJK (C) Hock Lam Kapit |
| Bukit Goram (N63) | Menuan | 215/63/03 | SK Ulu Menuan RH Sli Sg. Menuan RH Manggan Menuan RH Lampoh Sg Menuan SK Lepong Menuan RH Jambon, Ng. Ensilai RH Dingai Ng. Goh |
| Bukit Goram (N63) | Ibau | 215/63/04 | SK Ulu Yong RH Manok Sg Yong RH Empawi Sg. Yong RH Ngelai Sg. Yong SK Ng. Terusa RH Nuga, Semujan Ili Belawai RH Seliong, Sekerangan Atas, Sg. Belawai RH Bena, Ng Sema. Sg Yong RH Ekau, Ng Semawang, Batang Rajang RH Kayan, Ng Dia, Batang Rajang SK Ng. Segenok RH Beli, Ng Ensurai, Sg. Ibau SK Ng Ibau |
| Bukit Goram (N63) | Kampung Baru | 215/63/05 | SK Kapit |
| Bukit Goram (N63) | Selirik | 215/63/06 | SK Methodist RH Juin, Rantau Tapang, Sg Seranau RH Barnabas, Kampung Serian, Batang Rajang RH Ayu, Ng. Tulie Baruh |
| Bukit Goram (N63) | Sibau | 215/63/07 | RH John Sg. Sibau |
| Bukit Goram (N63) | Entagai | 215/63/08 | RH Baja Sg. Entangai SK Ulu Melipis RH Untat Sg. Melipis RH Robert |

### Representation history

Members of the Legislative Assembly for Bukit Goram :
| Assembly | Years | Member | Party |
| Constituency created from Pelagus ||||
| 18th | 2016-2018 | Jefferson Jamit Unyat | BN (PBB) |
| 18th | 2018-2021 | Jefferson Jamit Unyat | GPS (PBB) |
| 19th | 2021–present | Jefferson Jamit Unyat | GPS (PBB) |
# Albert Brahms

Albert Brahms (October 24, 1692 – August 3, 1758) was a Frisian dike judge, an elected community leader responsible for maintaining the dikes that protected the area against the Wadden Sea, and a pioneer of hydraulic engineering.

## Biography

Brahms was born on October 24, 1692, in Sanderahm, Sande, in what is now the Friesland district of Lower Saxony, Germany. He was elected as dike judge in 1718, after the disastrous Christmas flood of 1717, which had caused many deaths, and he retained the position until 1752.
For his work in dike engineering, he was honored as a "princely geometer" of the Principality of Anhalt-Zerbst (German: "hochfürstlich Anhalt-Zerbstischer Geometer"), to which Sande at that time belonged.

## Coastal engineering

In his position as dike judge, Brahms arranged for the establishment of physical benchmarks, located on stable ground near the coast, for use in measuring tide levels and storm surges.
In 1754 and 1757, Brahms published a two-volume book on dike maintenance, the Anfangsgründe der Deich und Wasser-Baukunst [Principles of Dike and Aquatic Engineering]. In it he recommended regularly comparing the height of the dikes with the high tide level. He kept the first known records of the tide levels on the North Sea coast of Germany, and established records of storm surge levels. He also developed mathematical models of local wave heights as being proportional to the square root of water depth and of the motion of sediments in water channels.
Niemeyer, Eiben & Rohde (1996) write that his book was "unique" and "far ahead of his contemporaries", noting that Brahms "already recognized nearly all key problems" as they are now understood "and delivered solutions which still must be regarded as pathbreaking".
# Yusuf ibn Abd al-Rahman al-Fihri

Yusuf ibn Abd al-Rahman al-Fihri (Arabic: يوسف بن عبد الرحمن الفهري) was an Umayyad governor of Narbonne in Septimania and the governor of al-Andalus from 747 to 756, ruling independently following the collapse of the Umayyad Caliphate in 750. He was a descendant of Uqba ibn Nafi, the founder of Kairouan.

## Governor in Narbonne

After the Battle of Poitiers (732), Yusuf ibn Abd al-Rahman was appointed governor of Narbonne according to the Chronicle of Moissac, where he was in command of military operations. During four years he is said to have raided and pillaged the Lower Rhone, and in 735 he took Arles.
Between 716 and 756, al-Andalus was ruled by governors sent from Damascus or appointed on the recommendation of the Umayyad regional governors of Ifriqiya to which it belonged administratively. Like many of his predecessors, Yusuf struggled to control infighting between the Berbers (the bulk of his power base) and the Arabs, and also had to deal with perennial feuding between 'Adnani and Qahtani Arab tribes comprising his forces.

## Governor of al-Andalus

After the instability of the Berber Revolt in al-Andalus, an arrangement was concluded between different Arab factions to alternate in office. However, after taking over and completing his term, he refused to give up the reins of power, ruling unchallenged for nine years, while in Damascus the Umayyads were definitively overthrown in 750. It has been pointed out that he actually ruled as king (malik), and not as governor (wali). After becoming ruler, al-Fihri conducted a census, as part of which Bishop Hostegesis prepared a list of tax and jizya payers. The bishop then made annual visits to make sure the taxes were collected properly.
Yusuf had just broken an attempted revolt in Zaragoza (755) when he launched a campaign against the Basques of Pamplona in 755, but the detachment sent was annihilated. This was the moment chosen by the Umayyad prince Abd al-Rahman ibn Mu'awiya ibn Hisham, who had fled Syria some years before to escape from the Abbasids, to disembark on the southern coast of present-day Spain. He went on to capture important southern strongholds such as Málaga and Seville.
On Abd al-Rahman's arrival, Andalusian forces were divided, with both commanders claiming the allegiance of both Berbers and the Syrian junds. Generally, Yemeni units within the latter joined the Umayyad contender, while their Mudar and Qays rivals remained loyal to Yusuf. After attempting a failed compromise with Abd al-Rahman by which the Umayyad survivor would succeed him, Yusuf al-Fihri was defeated at the Battle of Musarah just outside Córdoba in March 756 by Abd al-Rahman, who thus became the first independent Emir of Córdoba.
Still Yusuf managed to flee the battlefield north and make his way towards Toledo, possibly first attempting to recapture Seville, but failing. Yusuf may have been killed on his retreat to Toledo, while other accounts locate him in that stronghold still for two or three years, where he was eventually killed by some of his own men.
# Pong Ngam

Pong Ngam (Thai: โป่งงาม) is a tambon (subdistrict) of Mae Sai District, in Chiang Rai Province, Thailand. In 2021 it had a total population of 12,367 people.

## History

The subdistrict was created effective June 19, 1990 by splitting off 11 administrative villages from Pong Pha.

## Administration
### Central administration

The tambon is subdivided into 12 administrative villages (muban).
| No. | Name | Thai |
| 01. | Ban Tham | บ้านถ้ำ |
| 02. | Ban Dong | บ้านดง |
| 03. | Ban Tham Pla | บ้านถ้ำปลา |
| 04. | Ban Tham Mai | บ้านถ้ำใหม่ |
| 05. | Ban Huai Pu Kaeng | บ้านห้วยปูแกง |
| 06. | Ban San Kosa | บ้านสันกอสา |
| 07. | Ban San Kret Thong | บ้านสันเกร็ดทอง |
| 08. | Ban Pong Nuea | บ้านโป่งเหนือ |
| 09. | Ban Pong | บ้านโป่ง |
| 10. | Ban Phahi | บ้านผาฮี้ |
| 11. | Ban Mu Soe Phahi | บ้านมูเซอร์ผาฮี้ |
| 12. | Ban Tham Phatthana | บ้านถ้ำพัฒนา |

### Local administration

The whole area of the subdistrict is covered by the subdistrict administrative organization (SAO) Pong Ngam (องค์การบริหารส่วนตำบลโป่งงาม).
# Pidhorodna

Pidhorodna (Ukrainian: Підгородна, Russian: Подгородная) is a rural settlement in Pervomaisk Raion, Mykolaiv Oblast, Ukraine. It belongs to Pervomaisk urban hromada, one of the hromadas of Ukraine. Population: 2,150 (2022 estimate).
The settlement is located on the left bank of the Siniukha River, a left tributary of the Southern Bug, about 3 kilometres (1.9 mi) from the river.

## History

Pidhorodna railway station was built in 1899. It belonged to Yelisavetgradsky Uyezd of Kherson Governorate. On 16 April 1920, Kherson Governorate was renamed Nikolayev Governorate, and on 21 October 1922, it was merged into Odessa Governorate. In 1923, uyezds in Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic were abolished, and the governorates were divided into okruhas. Bohopil Raion of Pervomaisk Okruha was established, and Pidhorodna railway station was included into Bohopil Raion. In 1925, the governorates were abolished, and okruhas were directly subordinated to Ukrainian SSR. In 1927, Bohopil Raion was renamed Pervomaisk Raion. In 1930, okruhas were abolished, and raions were directly subordinated to Ukrainian SSR. On 27 February 1932, Odessa Oblast was established, and Pervomaisk Raion was included into Odessa Oblast. On 17 February 1954, Pervomaisk Raion was transferred to Mykolaiv Oblast.
In 1960, Pidhorodna was granted urban-type settlement status. On 26 January 2024, a new law entered into force which abolished the status of urban-type settlement status, and Pidhorodna became a rural settlement.

## Economy
### Transportation

Pidhorodna has a railway station which is connected by three lines with Haivoron, Pomichna, and Podilsk (via Pervomaisk).
Pidhorodna railway station was built in 1909 as a part of narrow-gauge railway line connecting Zhytomyr and Olviopil (currently part of Pervomaisk). The stretch to Olviopil was completed in 1907. In the 1980s, a stretch of the standard gauge railway between Holovanivsk and Pidhorodna was built. It was parallel to the existing narrow-gauge stretch. The latter one was closed in 2001 for passenger traffic and subsequently demolished.
# Rop Wiang

Rop Wiang (Thai: รอบเวียง) is a tambon (subdistrict) of Mueang Chiang Rai District, in Chiang Rai Province, Thailand. In 2005, it had a population of 47,992 people. The tambon has seven villages.
# Hashim ibn Utba

Hashim ibn Utba ibn Abi Waqqas (Arabic: هاشم بن عتبة بن أبي وقاص, romanized: Hāshim ibn ʿUtba ibn Abī Waqqāṣ), was a Muslim army commander. He was Sa'd ibn Abi Waqqas's nephew through his father, and was a companion of Muhammad. Hāshim participated in the Ridda wars to force rebellious Arab tribes to return to Islam after the death of Muhammad. He fought the Byzantines in the Battle of Yarmouk under the command of Khalid ibn al-Walid. He played a vital role in the Battle of al-Qādisiyyah that led to the conquest of Al-Mada'in by Muslims. He died in the Battle of Siffin fighting on the side of Ali.

## Biography

Hashim ibn Utbah was born after Muhammad proclaimed his prophethood.
Hashim embraced Islam during the Conquest of Mecca.
During the outbreak of the Great apostate rebellions, Hashim participated against the rebellious Arabic tribes following the death of Mohammad in order to return them to Islam.
Hashim participated in the Battle of the Yarmuk. Ibn 'Abd al-Barr recorded that Hashim lost one of his eyes during this battle.
Shia historian Ibn Musa al-Khwarizmi reported Hashim was sent to Iraq and participated in the Battle of al-Qadisiyyah.
Hashim ibn Utbah was sent by Sa'd ibn Abi Waqqas to lead the army to the battle of Jalula, where Hashim dispatched Jarir ibn Abdullah al-Bajali from the Bajila tribe with a heavy force of cavalry to check the enemy position.
# Taeng River

The Taeng River or Mae Taeng River (Thai: น้ำแม่แตง, RTGS: Nam Mae Taeng, pronounced) is a tributary of the Ping River, one of the two main tributaries of the Chao Phraya River. It originates in the Daen Lao Range in Wiang Haeng District, Chiang Mai Province, Thailand, very near to the border with Burma. It then flows through Chiang Dao District and Mae Taeng District, separating the Thanon Thong Chai Range from the Daen Lao Range, into the Ping River. It is a popular river for white water rafting due to the existence of many grade 3-5 rapids.
* This article related to a river in Thailand is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
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# John Drimys

John Drimys (Greek: Ἰωάννης Δριμὺς) was a Byzantine priest who led a failed conspiracy against Emperor Andronikos II Palaiologos in 1305.
He came from the "west" (most likely Epirus or Thessaly) to Constantinople. Claiming that he was a descendant of the Laskaris family, which had ruled the Empire of Nicaea until it had been usurped by the Palaiologoi, he headed a conspiracy against Andronikos II Palaiologos. The monastery of Mosele served as their headquarters. The plot was discovered in the winter of 1305, and he was tried, condemned and defrocked by Patriarch Athanasius I of Constantinople.
As Donald Nicol comments, Drimys' plot was the last pro-Laskarid restoration attempt: the fall of Byzantine Asia Minor, a stronghold of pro-Laskarid sentiment, to the advancing Turks, as well as the resolution of the Arsenite Schism, which was also tied to the Palaiologan usurpation, deprived the cause of centres of support.
# Somsak Kiatsuranont

Somsak Kiatsuranont (Thai: สมศักดิ์ เกียรติสุรนนท์, RTGS: Somsak Kiatsuranon, IPA:; born 27 June 1954 in Khon Kaen) is a Thai politician of the Pheu Thai Party. He served as the Speaker of the House of Representatives of Thailand, also the President of the National Assembly of Thailand ex officio, from 3 August 2011 until 9 December 2013.

## Education

Somsak Kiatsuranont studied engineering. He holds a bachelor's degree from Khon Kaen University, and a master's degree from Chulalongkorn University.

## Political career

Somsak began his political career as a Member of Parliament representing Khon Kaen. In 1997, at the time a member of the New Aspiration Party, he was Vice Speaker of the House of Representatives. During this time, he acquired the nickname "The Hammer Man" ("ขุนค้อน") for his impartiality in presiding over the House's meetings and intensive use of the presidium's gavel. Later, he was a member of the Thai Rak Thai Party of Prime Minister Thaksin Shinawatra, which was banned after the 2006 coup d'etat, and transferred into the People's Power Party (PPP). In the PPP-led government of Samak Sundaravej, Somsak was Minister of Culture from August to September 2008, and Minister of Justice in Somchai Wongsawat's cabinet from September to December 2008. Then, the PPP suffered the same fate as the Thai Rak Thai, and was dissolved by the Constitutional Court, but was revived as the Pheu Thai Party, of which Somsak Kiatsuranont has been the vice chairman since September 2010.
After the Pheu Thai Party won the 2011 general election, Somsak Kiatsuranont was elected Speaker of the House of Representatives on 2 August 2011. Somsak who exercised restraint during the 2010 Thai political protests, is considered to be also acceptable for the parliamentary opposition. The Democrat Party did not field an opposing candidate. He was formally approved by the king on 3 August.

## Honours

* Thailand:
** Knight Grand Cordon (Special Class) of the Most Exalted Order of the White Elephant
** Knight Grand Cordon (Special Class) of the Most Noble Order of the Crown of Thailand
# Denys Zavhorodnyy

Denys Zavhorodniy (Ukrainian: Денис Анатолійович Завгородній, born August 5, 1979) is a retired freestyle swimmer from Ukraine, who was specialized in the long-distance events. He represented his native country at the 1996 Summer Olympics in Atlanta, Georgia.

## Career

In 1995, Denys represented Ukraine at the 1995 European Junior Swimming Championships, held in Geneva, where he won a silver medal in the 1500 m freestyle. He also competed at the next European Junior Swimming Championships in 1996 and 1997, where he received in total four gold medals in the 400 m and 1500 m freestyle.
He won the bronze medal in the men's 1500 m freestyle event at the 1997 European Championships in Seville, Spain, behind country man Igor Snitko (silver).
In 1999, Denys competed at the Summer Universiade in Mallorca, where he received two bronze medals in the 400 m and 800 m freestyle. He also won a bronze medal in the 1500 m freestyle at the Military World Games in Zagreb.
# Ministry for Reconstruction (Greece)

The Ministry for Reconstruction (or Ministry of Housing and Reconstruction) (Greek: Υπουργείο Ανοικοδόμησης) was a government department of Greece founded after World War II.
The ministry is now defunct.

## List of ministers

| Name | Took office | Left office | Party |
| Konstantinos Apostolos Doxiadis | 1945 | 1948 | |
There was also a Ministry of Reconstruction for Eastern Macedonia during World War I preceding the above Greek ministry.
# Snow Dome, Concordia

Snow Dome (Urdu: سنو ڈوم) is 7150m high mountain in the Karakoram range near Concordia in Gilgit–Baltistan, Pakistan. It lies in the east of Chogolisa Peak (7,665 m) and in the southwest of Baltoro Kangri (7,312 m).
Another mountain, located in the Chaprot Pass region of Gilgit–Baltistan, is also called Snow Dome, though that one is of considerably less height at 5,029 m.
# SS Leafield

SS Leafield was a Canadian steel-hulled cargo ship built by the Strand Stepway Company in Sunderland, England, in 1892. Originally registered in Newcastle upon Tyne, England, she was sold after about a year to the Algoma Central Steamship Line and brought to Canada, where she operated on the Great Lakes, carrying coal, grain, and iron ore.
On the night of 17 August 1912, Leafield was carrying ore to Midland, Ontario, Canada, when she ran aground on a rocky islet in Georgian Bay near Beausoleil Island, Ontario. The incident tore a hole 140 feet (43 m) long and 15 feet (4.6 m) wide in her bottom. Salvage and repairs cost $15,000, and the ship was out of service for two months.
Leafield was hauling steel rails, bound for Midland, when she sank in deep water in Lake Superior, probably off the Angus Rocks in the Angus Islands, about 14 miles (23 km) southeast of Port Arthur, Ontario, on 9 November 1913 during the Great Lakes storm of 1913. Her entire crew of 18 perished. A search found no trace of the ship or crew. As of 2024, Leafield's wreck has not been located.
# Tireh, Qom

Tireh (Persian: تيره, also Romanized as Tīreh; also known as Tīneh) is a village in Fordu Rural District, Kahak District, Qom County, Qom Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 51, in 13 families.
# İstasyon Bridge

İstasyon Bridge (Turkish: İstasyon Köprüsü, literally "Station Bridge") is a historical bridge in Amasya, Turkey. Formerly it was also called Meydan Bridge.
The bridge is over Yeşilırmak River at 40°39′08″N 35°49′23″E﻿ / ﻿40.65222°N 35.82306°E﻿ / 40.65222; 35.82306. It is direction is from north to south.
According to Amasya municipality page, the bridge was constructed by Sadgeldi, the governor of Amasya between 1360 and 1382 who soon declared independence from the Eretnids. During the Ottoman Empire era the bridge was damaged in the 1824 flood and in 1825 earthquake. It was repaired in 1828 by Hacı Yusuf, the ayan of Amasya (governor). During the Turkish Republic, it underwent maintenance in 1940. It is a four-arch bridge. According to Fügen İlter, the bridge although constructed in 14th century, is quite different from the other bridges built in the post-Seljukid era.