OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Boudewijn Castelijn

Boudewijn Castelijn is a former Dutch field hockey coach and team performance trainer. He has been awarded by the FIH a master's degree of International Coaching. He worked at multiple field hockey clubs in the Netherlands. In 1988 he led the United States women's national field hockey team at the Seoul Summer Olympics. He also worked as the national coach for the South African women's field hockey team that competed in the 1998 Women's Hockey World Cup and as a coach for the Belgian KHC Dragons.
# Shahjee Gul Afridi

Alhaj Shahjee Gul Afridi (Urdu: الحاج شاہ جی گل آفریدی; born 1 January 1961) is a Pakistani politician who had been a member of the National Assembly of Pakistan from June 2013 to May 2018.

## Early life

He was born on 1 January 1961.
He is brother of Taj Muhammad Afridi.

## Political career

He ran for the seat of the National Assembly of Pakistan as an independent candidate from Constituency NA-46 (Tribal Area-XI) in 2002 Pakistani general election but was unsuccessful and lost the seat to an independent candidate, Khalilur Rehman Afridi.
He was elected to the National Assembly as an independent candidate from Constituency NA-45 (Tribal Area-X) in 2013 Pakistani general election. He received 29,697 votes and defeated an independent candidate, Noor-ul-Haq Qadri.
He ran for the National Assembly as an independent candidate from NA-43 Khyber-I in the 2018 Pakistani general election, but was unsuccessful. He received 30,151 votes and was defeated by Noor-ul-Haq Qadri, a candidate of the Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf (PTI).
On 14 August 2021, he founded his own political party called Tehreeke Islahate Pakistan with the objective of starting reforms across the former Federally Administered Tribal Areas. On 13 June 2023, he joined and merged his party with the Pakistan Muslim League (N) (PML(N)).
# Léon Hermant

Leon Hermant (1866–1936) was an American sculptor best known for his architectural sculpture.
Hermant was born in France, educated in Europe and came to America in 1904 to work on the French Pavilion at the Louisiana Purchase Exposition in St. Louis, Missouri. For most of his career he was based in Chicago, working mostly in the American midwest, and frequently with a partner Carl Beil.
In 1928 Hermant was awarded the Légion d'honneur by the French government for his Louis Pasteur Monument in Grant Park, Chicago.

## Public monuments

* Confederate Monument (1908) Parkersburg, West Virginia
* William Shakespeare, (1915) Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois
* Louis Pasteur Monument, (1928) Grant Park, Chicago
* Heroes of Illinois Memorial (1928) Memphis National Cemetery, Memphis, Tennessee
* Governor Edward Coles Memorial, (1929) Valley View Cemetery, Edwardsville, Illinois
* George Rogers Clark, (1932), Fort Massac, Metropolis, Illinois
* Polar Bear Memorial (1930) White Chapel Cemetery, Troy, Michigan
* General John A. Logan Monument, Murphysboro, Illinois

## Architectural sculpture

* Cathedral of St. Paul (1905), St. Paul, Minnesota, Emmanuel Louis Masqueray architect
* Illinois Athletic Club Building, (1908), Chicago
* Cook County Building, (1911), Chicago
* University High School, (1918), Urbana, Illinois Holabird & Roche architects
* Benjamin Franklin Bridge, (1926) Philadelphia, Paul Cret, architect
* Detroit Institute of Art (1927), Paul Cret et al. architect, Detroit
* Radisson Chicago Hotel Reliefs, (1929), Chicago
* One N La Salle Street (1930), Vitzthum & Burns architects, Chicago
* carvings at the Indiana State Library and Historical Building, (1934) Indianapolis
* Four Modes of Travel, Calvert Street Bridge, now Duke Ellington Bridge, (1935) Washington D.C.
* United States Customs Building, (1936) Washington, D.C. WPA
* United States Interstate Commerce Commission Building, (1936) Washington D.C.
# The Red Chapel

The Red Chapel (Danish: Det Røde Kapel) is a 2009 Danish documentary film directed by Mads Brügger. It chronicles the visit of Brügger and two Danish comedians who were adopted from South Korea, Jacob Nossell and Simon Jul, to North Korea under the pretense of a small theatre troupe on a cultural exchange. This is also the first time the two comedians have ever visited North Korea. The entire trip is a ruse: the trio are actually trying to get a chance to portray the absurdity of the pantomime life they are forced to lead in the DPRK. The film turns deeply emotional as Jacob Nossell has spastic paralysis and North Korea has been accused of disposing of the disabled. The film won Best Nordic Documentary at Nordisk Panorama 2009 and Best Foreign Documentary at the 2010 Sundance Film Festival where it was included in the Official Selection. It is filmed and edited by René Sascha Johannsen.
The film features roughly the same contents as the 4-part documentary series Det Røde Kapel.

## Synopsis

The authorities demand much control over the performance of the theatre troupe, and try to use it for propaganda purposes. The film crew plays along, but among themselves and in the voice-over they are critical of the regime.

## Reception

Los Angeles Times reviewer Mark Olson called it "shocking, funny and wildly outrageous" and "a real find". The New York Times reviewer Neil Genzlinger found it sloppy and thought it had "no revelations to offer".
# Wilhelm Gericke

Wilhelm Gericke (April 18, 1845 – October 27, 1925) was an Austrian-born conductor and composer who worked in Vienna and Boston.
He was born in Schwanberg, Austria. Initially he trained in Graz to be a schoolmaster. This didn't work out, though he did get a position playing violin in a theatre orchestra. In 1862 he entered the Vienna Conservatory, where he studied under Dessoff. Leaving the conservatory in 1865, he became kapellmeister of the theatre at Linz, directing opera there and in Vienna. In 1874, he became second kapellmeister and chorus master at the Vienna Court Opera, where his lifelong friend Hans Richter was first kapellmeister. There he gave the Viennese premiere of Richard Wagner's Tannhäuser. He also made a name for himself producing French and Italian operas. On the retirement of Brahms from the conductorship of the Vienna Society (German: Wiener Gesellschaft der Musikfreunde) concerts (German: Gesellschaftskonzerte) in 1880, Gericke succeeded him, and also became the conductor of its choral society (German: Singverein).
His fame as a conductor, and particularly as a drillmaster, induced Henry Lee Higginson of the Boston Symphony Orchestra (BSO) to secure him as its leader after attending one of Gericke's concerts in Vienna. He spent two periods in the United States conducting the BSO, 1884–1889 and 1898–1906. During his first stay, he eliminated the lighter music that his predecessor had allowed in the programs, scheduled extra rehearsal time, and hired more foreign musicians. The orchestra improved noticeably in the quality of its playing.
In 1884, he was made an honorary member of the Gesellschaft der Musikfreunde in Wien. In 1889, for health reasons, he returned to Vienna, and to the leadership of the Gesellschaftsconcerte, but resigned again in 1895. He and the BSO parted company amicably in 1906 due to the BSO's failure to meet his expectations for a new contract. He died in Vienna.

## Works

He published a number of works for orchestra, also pianoforte works, and some chamber music. Among his works are:
* Maiglöckchen (May bells)
* Muntrer Bach, was rauscht du so? (Merry brook, what stirs you so?)
* Wach auf, du schöne Träumerin (Wake up, beautiful dreamer)
# Erricos Andreou

Erricos Andreou (Greek: Ερρίκος Ανδρέου; 15 December 1938 – 21 January 2023) was a Greek film director and screenwriter known for such films as The Hook, Act of Reprisal and Fatal Relationship.

## Life

Erricos Andreou was born in Athens on 15 December 1938. He grew up in Johannesburg, South Africa, where he studied Art History and English Literature at an English-speaking university before pursuing screenwriting and directing in Rome.
Erricos directed his first film, "Nightmare" (Efialtis) in 1961, which was recognized at the New Delhi Film Festival and the Thessaloniki Film Festival. He went on to direct several other films, winning awards for his directing at various film festivals. Errikos also worked as an assistant director on international productions before turning to television directing in the late 1970s. He died on 21 January 2023, after months in hospital suffering serious health problems.
# Sierra de Callosa

Sierra de Callosa (Valencian: Serra de Callosa) is a 4.6 km (3 mi) long mountain range in the Vega Baja del Segura (Valencian: Baix Segura) comarca, Valencian Community, Spain. Its highest point is Águila (572 m). This range is named after the town of Callosa de Segura located at the feet of the mountains.
These conspicuous and harsh-looking massive limestone mountains rise abruptly from the low Segura River Valley floor and have some very steep cliffs. There is very little vegetation on the arid mountain slopes and both physically and geologically the Sierra de Callosa is similar to the Sierra de Orihuela range located only 2.6 km to the west. Smoother Sierra de Hurchillo is located 6.5 km to the south.
These mountains were declared a Protected Area by the Generalitat Valenciana in 2005.
# Indeterminate growth

In biology and botany, indeterminate growth is growth that is not terminated, in contrast to determinate growth that stops once a genetically predetermined structure has completely formed. Thus, a plant that grows and produces flowers and fruit until killed by frost or some other external factor is called indeterminate. For example, the term is applied to tomato varieties that grow in a rather gangly fashion, producing fruit throughout the growing season. In contrast, a determinate tomato plant grows in a more bushy shape and is most productive for a single, larger harvest, then either tapers off with minimal new growth or fruit or dies.

## Inflorescences

In reference to an inflorescence (a shoot specialised for bearing flowers, and bearing no leaves other than bracts), an indeterminate type (such as a raceme) is one in which the first flowers to develop and open are from the buds at the base, followed progressively by buds nearer to the growing tip. The growth of the shoot is not impeded by the opening of the early flowers or development of fruits and its appearance is of growing, producing, and maturing flowers and fruit indefinitely. In practice the continued growth of the terminal end necessarily peters out sooner or later, though without producing any definite terminal flower, and in some species it may stop growing before any of the buds have opened.
Not all plants produce indeterminate inflorescences however; some produce a definite terminal flower that terminates the development of new buds towards the tip of that inflorescence. In most species that produce a determinate inflorescence in this way, all of the flower buds are formed before the first ones begin to open, and all open more or less at the same time. In some species with determinate inflorescences however, the terminal flower blooms first, which stops the elongation of the main axis, but side buds develop lower down. One type of example is Dianthus; another type is exemplified by Allium; and yet others, by Daucus.

## Animals

In zoology, indeterminate growth refers to the condition where animals grow rapidly when young, and continue to grow after reaching adulthood although at a slower pace. It is common in fish, amphibians, reptiles, and many molluscs. The term also refers to the pattern of hair growth sometimes seen in humans and a few domestic breeds, where hair continues to grow in length until it is cut.

## Mushrooms

Some mushrooms – notably Cantharellus californicus – also exhibit indeterminate growth.
# Social Democratic Party (Rwanda)

The Social Democratic Party (French: Parti Social Démocrate; Kinyarwanda: Ishyaka Riharanira Demokarasi n'Imibereho Myiza y'Abaturage, lit. 'Party for Democracy and Social Welfare') is a centre-left social democratic political party in Rwanda. The party is seen as somewhat supportive of the Paul Kagame government.

## History

The party was established on 1 July 1991 by Félicien Gatabazi and Frédéric Nzamurambaho, and was nicknamed the "Party of Intellectuals". It formed a bloc opposing President Juvénal Habyarimana alongside the Liberal Party and the Republican Democratic Movement, but by the time of the Rwandan genocide, it was the only major party that Habyarimana had failed to split. The PSD's main leaders were killed in the morning of the first day of the genocide as Théoneste Bagosora sought to create a vacuum in order to seize power.
At the end of the genocide the party joined the national unity government. It supported President Paul Kagame in the 2003 presidential elections, and received 12% of the vote in the 2003 parliamentary elections, winning seven seats.
The party's vote share rose to 13% in the 2008 elections, as it retained its seven seats. In the 2010 presidential elections the party fielded Jean Damascene Ntawukuriryayo as its candidate; he received 5% of the vote, coming second to Kagame, who received 93%.
In the 2013 parliamentary elections the party again received 13% of the vote, winning seven seats. It was reduced to five seats in the 2018 elections.

## Election results
### Presidential elections

| Election | Party candidate | Votes | % | Result |
| 2003 | Supported Paul Kagame (RPF) | 3,544,777 | 95.06% | Elected Y |
| 2010 | Jean Damascene Ntawukuriryayo | 256,488 | 5.15% | Lost N |

### Chamber of Deputies elections

| Election | Votes | % | Seats | +/– | Position | Government |
| 2003 | 463,067 | 12.31% | 7 / 80 | New | 2nd | Support |
| 2008 | 609,327 | 13.12% | 7 / 80 | 0 | 2nd | Support |
| 2013 | | 13.03% | 7 / 80 | 0 | 2nd | Support |
| 2018 | 586,215 | 8.80% | 5 / 80 | 2 | 2nd | Support |
| 2024 | 767,143 | 8.62% | 5 / 80 | 0 | 3rd | Support |
# Temuraga

Temuraga (Turkish: Temürağa),Tamour agha (Թամուր աղա), is a form of the Anatolian folk dance bar (dance) or Kasik Havasi.Temuraga is a folk dance spread all over Eastern Anatolia Region. There are similar folkloric dance tunes known as Çek deveci develeri engine in the Burdur.
# Indian Birds

Indian Birds is a bi-monthly ornithology journal/newsletter that was established in 2004. It was formerly published under the heading Newsletter for Ornithologists for one year. It publishes articles on identification, distribution, migration, conservation and taxonomy, apart from reports of significant ornithological sightings and events. Published from Hyderabad, the publication is owned by New Ornis Foundation.

## Overview

In 2006, the Bugun liocichla, a new bird species from Arunachal Pradesh was described by Ramana Athreya in this journal. The description of the bird carried in the journal was made without the collection of a type specimen as they were too few to risk killing one. Though this practice was not unprecedented, with four prior instances, the pure charisma of the bird together with this practice created a controversy in the scientific and conservation community on the costs and benefits of this approach
The journal has published 683 articles in its first eight volumes. Nearly 125 of these articles are referenced in the text of Handbook of the Birds of the World online. In 2016, Indian Birds published the official bird checklist for the country
Aasheesh Pittie has been the editor of this journal since its inception. Zafar Futehally, who founded Newsletter for Birdwatchers in 1960, served as editor emeritus until his death in 2013.
The first south Asian records of the following species were published in this journal.
* Cory's shearwater, Calonectris borealis
* Sabine's gull, Xema sabini
* Blue-winged pitta, Pitta moluccensis
* Black-browed bushtit, Aegithalos bonvaloti
* Crested tit-warbler, Leptopoecile elegans
* Yunnan nuthatch, Sitta yunnanensis
* Chinese thrush Zoothera mupinensis
* Mugimaki flycatcher, Ficedula mugimaki
* Tristram's bunting, Emberiza tristrami
The first national records of the following species were published in this journal.
* Short-tailed shearwater, Ardenna tenuirostris (India and Bangladesh)
* Long-tailed jaeger, Stercorarius longicaudus
* Woodchat shrike, Lanius senator
* Asian stubtail, Urosphena squameiceps
Apart from publishing pure novelties, the journal has published opinion pieces.
Some of the special issues published include
* Andaman and Nicobar Islands
* MigrantWatch
* Bhutan
* Arunachal Pradesh
* Gujarat
* Pelagic birds
# Mirandaise

The Mirandaise is an endangered French breed of domestic cattle from the département of the Gers, in the historic region of Gascony, now part of the region of Occitanie in south-western France. It is named for the commune of Mirande, in the Gers. The Mirandaise is characterised by an unusual colouration of the areas around the anus and vulva, which are dark in the centre and pale towards the edges. This areola has given the breed its other name, the French: Gasconne aréolée.$^{:117}$ It is a different breed from the smaller Gasconne, which does not have the same colouration.

## History

The origins of the Mirandaise are not known.$^{:252}$ It was traditionally used as a draught animal in the heavy and difficult soils of the département of the Gers, and is thought to have originated in the area of the Vallée du Gers between Fleurance and Masseube. Its range extended southwards as far as the foothills of the Pyrénées, in the départements of the Haute-Garonne and the Hautes-Pyrénées.$^{:118}$ A herd-book was established in 1894.
Numbers fell in the years following the Second World War, when the mechanisation of agriculture meant that there was decreased demand for draught cattle. By the late 1970s no more than 150 cows and one bull remained. The Mirandaise was listed by the FAO as "endangered-maintained" in 2007.$^{:41}$ In 2014 the total population was reported to be 616.

## Characteristics

The Mirandaise is large and powerful, and tolerates heat well. It is fertile and long-lived, and fattens easily. It is rustic and well adapted to exploit steep terrain not suitable for arable farming.
The coat is white, sometimes tinged with grey or red. The muzzle, switch and hooves are black, the horns lyre-shaped and pale-coloured with black tips.$^{:118}$ The Mirandaise is characterised by an unusual colouration of the areas around the anus and vulva, which are dark in the centre and pale towards the edges. This areola is not seen in the Gasconne breed, which also has dark hair on the inside of the ear, while the Mirandaise has a pale inside to the ear.$^{:117}$ It is also considerably larger than the Gasconne.$^{:246}$

## Use

The Mirandaise was traditionally a draught breed. Calves considered unsuitable either for draught work or as breeding stock were sold for meat at about three months.$^{:118}$ The Mirandaise is now raised principally for meat, particularly for naturally-fed milk veal.
# Vilar Dam

Vilar Dam (Portuguese: Barragem de Vilar, also known as Barragem de Vilar-Tabuaço) is an embankment dam on the Távora, a left (southern) tributary of the Douro. It is located in the municipality Tabuaço, in Viseu District, Portugal.
Construction of the dam began in 1958 and was completed in 1965. It is owned by Companhia Portuguesa de Produção de Electricidade (CPPE) and is used for power generation.

## Dam

Vilar Dam is a 58 m tall (height above foundation) and 240 m long rockfill embankment dam with a crest altitude of 555 m. The upstream facing of the dam is made of concrete. The volume of the dam is 300,000 m³. The chute spillway with 2 radial gates is located at the right side of the dam. The maximum discharge is 500 m³/s. There is also a bottom outlet.

## Reservoir

At full reservoir level of 552 m the reservoir of the dam has a surface area of 6.7km² and a total capacity of 99.75 mio. m³. The active capacity is 95.27 (95.3 or 96) mio. m³. With the 95.3 mio. m³ of water 115.6 GWh can be produced.

## Power plant

The hydroelectric power plant was commissioned in 1965. It is operated by EDP. The plant has a nameplate capacity of 58 (64) MW. Its average annual generation is 137.6 (123 or 148) GWh.
The power station contains 2 Pelton turbine-generators (vertical shaft) with 32.65 MW (40 MVA) in an underground powerhouse 350 m below the surface, located 15.6 km from the dam. The turbine rotation is 500 rpm. The minimum hydraulic head is 432.5 m, and the maximum 461 m. Maximum flow per turbine is 9 m³/s.
# Tom Hart (Australian politician)

Thomas George Hart (27 November 1904 – 14 December 1972) was an Australian farmer and politician who was a Country Party member of the Legislative Assembly of Western Australia from 1962 to 1967, representing the seat of Roe.
Hart was born in Ballarat, Victoria, and spent his early life as a butcher in Geelong West. He moved to Western Australia in 1929 and took up land at Ongerup, in the state's Great Southern region. Hart became prominent in agricultural circles, serving as a director and vice-chairman of Co-operative Bulk Handling, as a farmers' union official, and on the board of the state marketing board for barley. He also served on the Gnowangerup Road Board from 1946 to 1957. Hart entered parliament at the 1962 state election, replacing the retiring Charles Perkins in Roe, a Country Party safe seat. He was re-elected at the 1965 election, but resigned from parliament in June 1967 after a little over five years in office. Hart eventually retired to Albany, dying there in December 1972, aged 68. He had married Vivien Bertha Bridgeman in 1928, with whom he had five children.
# Bureau of Emigration and Overseas Employment

Bureau of Emigration and Overseas Employment (BEOE) (Urdu: ادارہَ ماورائے بحرملازمت و تارکینِ وطن) is a Pakistani government bureau that regulates the overseas employment of Pakistani citizens.

## History

The BEOE was created on 1 October 1971 by the merging of three federal government departments: the National Manpower Council, the Protectorate of Emigrants, and the Directorate of Seamen's Welfare.
Originally operating under the Emigration Act of 1922 and Rules (1959), the BEOE now runs under the Emigration Ordinance 1979 XVIII and its Rules.

## Responsibilities

The BEOE regulates, facilitates and monitors the emigration process conducted by the recruitment agencies / Overseas Employment Promoters (OEPs), in the private sector. It also regulates direct overseas employment by individual Pakistanis or through their relatives and friends.
The BEOE works to control recruitment frauds and scams and monitors employment promoters in Pakistan. BEOE maintains a thorough record of all OEPs and their activities. It maintains a list of Overseas Employment Promoters (OEPs) with active licenses.
# Taraya

Taraya (Arabic: طاريا) is a village in the Baalbek District of the Baalbek-Hermel Governorate in Lebanon. It has an area of 52 km$^2$ (20 sq mi) and is at an elevation of 1,180 m (3,870 ft).

## History

In 1838, Eli Smith noted Taraya's population as being predominantly Metawileh.
# George Heineman

Geoffrey Henry "George" Heineman (17 December 1905 – 1970) was an English professional footballer who played in the Football League for Manchester City, Coventry City, Crystal Palace and Clapton Orient as a defender.

## Career

Heineman was born in Stafford and began his career with Stafford Rangers. He moved to Manchester City on 29 October 1928, and made 24 appearances in all competitions for the Sky Blues. He joined Coventry City in May 1931 and stayed for two seasons. He scored one goal for Coventry, in a 5–5 draw against Fulham in January 1932.
He signed for Crystal Palace in August 1934. Over the next season, he made 25 appearances for Palace, without scoring. In August 1935, he moved on to Clapton Orient, playing in East London for three seasons. He left in January 1938 to join Wellington Town, and he won the Welsh Cup with them in 1939–40.
Heineman died in 1970 aged 64–65.