OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Cartesian Meditations

Cartesian Meditations: An Introduction to Phenomenology (French: Méditations cartésiennes: Introduction à la phénoménologie) is a book by the philosopher Edmund Husserl, based on four lectures he gave at the Sorbonne, in the Amphithéatre Descartes on February 23 and 25, 1929. Over the next two years, he and his assistant Eugen Fink expanded and elaborated on the text of these lectures. These expanded lectures were first published in a 1931 French translation by Gabrielle Peiffer and Emmanuel Levinas with advice from Alexandre Koyré. They were published in German, along with the original Pariser Vorträge, in 1950, and again in an English translation by Dorion Cairns in 1960, based on a typescript of the text (Typescript C) which Husserl had designated for Cairns in 1933.
The Cartesian Meditations were never published in German during Husserl's lifetime, a fact which has led some commentators to conclude that Husserl had become dissatisfied with the work in relation to its aim, namely an introduction to transcendental phenomenology. The text introduces the main features of Husserl's mature transcendental phenomenology, including (not exhaustively) the transcendental reduction, the epoché, static and genetic phenomenology, eidetic reduction, and eidetic phenomenology. In the Fourth Meditation, Husserl argues that transcendental phenomenology is nothing other than transcendental idealism.
The name Cartesian Meditations refers to René Descartes' Meditations on First Philosophy. Thus Husserl wrote:
   France's greatest thinker, René Descartes, gave transcendental phenomenology new Impulses through his Meditations; their study acted quite directly on the transformation of an already developing phenomenology into a new kind of transcendental philosophy. Accordingly one might almost call transcendental phenomenology a neo-Cartesianism, even though It Is obliged — and precisely by its radical development of Cartesian motifs — to reject nearly all the well-known doctrinal content of the Cartesian philosophy.

## Contents

The work is divided into five "meditations" of varying length, whose contents are as follows:
* First Meditation: The Way to the Transcendental Ego
* Second Meditation: The Field of Transcendental Experience
* Third Meditation: Constitutional Problems
* Fourth Meditation: Constitutional Problems Pertaining to the Transcendental Ego Itself
* Fifth Meditation: Transcendental Being as Monadological Intersubjectivity

## Editions

* Meditations Cartesiennes: Introduction à la phenomenologie. 1931. Gabrielle Peiffer and Emmanuel Levinas, trans. Paris: Armand Collin.
* Meditations Cartesiennes: Introduction à la phenomenologie. 1947. Gabrielle Peiffer and Emmanuel Levinas, trans. Paris: Vrin.
* Cartesian Meditations. 1960. Dorion Cairns, trans. The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff.
# British Rail Class 499 (Luggage Van)

British Rail allocated Class 499 to a fleet of six luggage vans used in electric multiple unit formations on boat train services between London and Dover. They were allocated Southern Region class TLV (meaning Trailer Luggage Van).
They were converted from former Brake Gangwayed (BG) vehicles in 1968 to supplement the Class 419 Motor Luggage Van fleet. However, following the decline of boat train traffic, they were all stored in 1975. After a period in use as match wagons for transferring new Class 432 and 491 units from York Works, they were all taken into departmental stock initially as stores vans, but later as breakdown train tool vans.
| Number | Number | Number | Status |
| As EMU | Previous | Departmental | Status |
| 68201 | 80915 | ADB975611 | Scrapped in 2011 |
| 68202 | 80918 | ADB975613 | Scrapped in 2011 |
| 68203 | 80922 | ADB975612 | Scrapped in 2011 |
| 68204 | 80925 | ADB975614 | Scrapped in 1996 |
| 68205 | 80942 | ADB975610 | Scrapped in 1996 |
| 68206 | 80951 | ADB975615 | Scrapped in 2008 |
TOPS class 499 was subsequently reused for London Underground rolling stock that needed to operate on main line tracks.
# Nazir Khan

Nazir Khan (Urdu: نذِیر خان) may refer to:
* Nazir Ahmed Khan (1904-1983), Pakistani film actor, director and producer
* Ghagge Nazir Khan (c. 1850s–c. 1920s), Indian classical singer and founder of the Mewati gharana
* Nazeer Khan (c. 1860s –1920), Indian classical singer and founder of the Bhendibazaar gharana
* Nazir Ahmad Khan, Pakistani politician and member of the Provincial Assembly of the Punjab
* Nazir Ahmed Khan (politician), politician and former member of the All India Muslim League, National Assembly of Pakistan, and Jamaat-e-Islami Pakistan
# Roman Catholic Diocese of Aurangabad

The Roman Catholic Diocese of Aurangabad (Latin: Aurangabaden(sis)) is a diocese located in the city of Aurangabad in the ecclesiastical province of Nagpur in India.

## History

On the 17 of December, 1977 Paul VI promulged the papal bull Qui arcano, establishing the Diocese of Aurangabad from the Diocese of Amravati and the Archdiocese of Hyderabad.
According to local sources, the Roman Catholic community numbers around 50,000.

## Bishops

* Bernard Lancy Pinto (6 April 2024 - Present)
* Ambrose Rebello (13 May 2015 – 2024)
* Edwin Colaço (20 October 2006 –13 May 2015)
* Sylvester Monteiro (9 February 1999 – 14 August 2005)
* Ignatius D'Cunha (6 February 1989 – 20 January 1998)
* Dominic Joseph Abreo (17 December 1977 – 1 May 1987)
# Trisanchi

Trisanchi (Russian: Трисанчи) is a rural locality (a selo) and the administrative centre of Trisanchinsky Selsoviet, Dakhadayevsky District, Republic of Dagestan, Russia. The population was 1,516 as of 2010. There are 4 streets.

## Geography

Trisanchi is located 12 km southeast of Urkarakh (the district's administrative centre) by road. Zubanchi and Kudagu are the nearest rural localities.

## Nationalities

Dargins live there.
# Amnon Yitzhak

Amnon Yitzhak (Hebrew: אַמְנוֹן יִצְחָק; born 8 November 1953) is a Haredi Israeli rabbi. He is best known for his involvement in Orthodox Judaism outreach (kiruv) among Israel's Sephardi and Mizrahi populations. He and Rabbi Reuven Elbaz are considered the leaders of the Sephardi baal teshuva movement in Israel. He is involved in activities centered on helping Jews to become more religious or observant through public speaking in Israel and around the world, and his 'Shofar' organization, which distributes his lectures in various media and on the internet.

## Biography

Amnon Yitzhak was born to Yahya Zechariah Yitzchak and Rumia Yitzchak in Tel Aviv, Israel to a Yemenite Jewish family. He was brought up in a non-religious home, and became religious at the age of 24, after stumbling across the sefer Kitzur Shulchan Aruch, that he received for his Bar Mitzvah.
In 1986, he established the non-profit organization 'Shofar' for promoting the "return to religion" among the Jewish Israeli population. His lectures and other activities have made Yitzhak a prominent Israeli rabbi since the early 1990s. Through 'Shofar', Yitzhak has launched two widely distributed weekly newspapers, Arba Kanfot and Shofar News geared to the Haredi public and general public respectively. They ceased publication in 2008.

## Views on secular Zionism

Yitzhak has also addressed the issue of the secular Zionist leadership, and has released, for example, a video titled "Herzl and Zionism", which presents a critical view of both. Yitzhak has said, referring to Theodor Herzl, "There have been two great criminals in the history of the Jewish people: Hitler and Herzl. Hitler wanted to destroy the body of the Jewish nation. Herzl wanted to kill the soul, which is far more important than the body."
In a cassette titled "In the Shadow of Democracy", he strongly criticizes the State of Israel and the leadership for their attitude towards the Mizrahi-traditional and Haredi Jewish public, especially during the period of the Holocaust. According to Avishai Ben-Haim [he], Ynet correspondent on Jewish Religious Affairs, Yitzhak "is considered to have a clear anti-Zionist position, similar to that of the Satmar Hasidim. Like them, he boycotts the Knesset elections. This view is extremely rare among the Haredi-Mizrahi public, and even rarer among Mizrahi newly-observant Jews - Amnon Yitzhak's primary target audience." Nonetheless, he had announced his guiding and leadership (the rabbi himself was outside the political list and was not running himself to the 19th Knesset) of the Israeli political party Koah Lehashpi'a for the 2013 Knesset elections in late November 2012. His party did not pass the election threshold, and therefore did not enter to the 19th Knesset. The party received 28,000 votes.

## Views on women

In 2013, Yitzhak asserted that women should not drive cars, claiming "It is immodest for a woman to drive".
# Villain (2013 film)

Villain is a 2013 Indian Bengali action drama film written and directed by Tota Roy Choudhury in his directional debut. The film stars Tota Roy Chowdhury and Rituparna Sengupta.Tota Roy Choudhury made his debut by this film under his home production Trident Lord. The film was released on 5 October 2013.

## Plot

Arnab is an honest and upright PWD road inspector. Things take a turn after a local MLA and his henchmen frame corruption charge against him and send him to jail for not co-operating with them. Meanwhile, his wife also gets killed. A victimized and vigilante Arnab plans for a mission to avenge the culprits who changed his life.

## Cast

* Tota Roy Chowdhury as Arnab Dey aka Nobi - A Government employee turned a dreaded gangster.
* Rituparna Sengupta as Anjali Dey - Arnab's Wife
* Barkha Sengupta as Meherunnisa aka Laila - Sultan's assistant and a gangster, Arnab's love interest.
* Rishi Kaushik as ADC Debashish Roy - Additional Commissioner of Special Crime Branch. After Arnab's encounter, He take resign from service.
* Rajatava Dutta as local MLA Shivshankar Paja - Raju's elder brother, Arnab's enemy.
* Laboni Sarkar as Landlady Anupama Dey
* Biswajit Chakraborty as CP Binayak Sen - Commissioner of police, Debashish's Senior.
* Sagnik Chatterjee as Rajshankar Paja - Shivshankar's younger brother.
* Sudip Mukherjee as Mafia Don Sultan Bhai - prisoner in Jail who later helped Arnab.
* Sumit Ganguly as OC Satya Das
* Rajat Ganguly as Jailor
* Shantanu Das
* Arijit Roy
* Suraj Sheikh
# Dash Bashi

Dash Bashi (Persian: داش باشي, also Romanized as Dāsh Bāshī and Dāshbāshī; also known as Dāsh Bāsh, Dashbash, and Sar Sang; in Armenian: Քարագլուխ) is a village in Minjavan-e Sharqi Rural District, Minjavan District, Khoda Afarin County, East Azerbaijan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 41, in 10 families. The village is populated by the Kurdish Chalabianlu tribe.
# Kömeşkül

Kömeşkül (Tatar: Көмешкүл, romanized: Kömeşkül) is a rural locality (a selo) in Mamadış District, Tatarstan. The population was 305 as of 2010. Kömeşkül is located 40 km from Мamadış, district's administrative centre, and 201 km from Ԛazаn, republic's capital, by road. The earliest known record of the settlement dates from 1680. There are 3 streets in the village.
# Ud-e Molla

Ud-e Molla (Persian: عودمولا, also Romanized as ‘Ūd-e Mollā, ‘Owd Mollā, and ‘Ūd Mollā; also known as ‘Owl Mollā, Own Mallah, Own Molla, Avanmalleh, Ogh Mūlāk, and Oqūlāk) is a village in Shirvan Rural District, in the Central District of Borujerd County, Lorestan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 119, in 28 families.
# Nestoritsa

Nestoritsa (Bulgarian: Несторица) was a Bulgarian noble and general during the reign of Emperors Samuil (997-1014); Gavril Radomir (1014–1015) and Ivan Vladislav (1015–1018). He was one of Bulgaria's most skillful military commanders.
In 1014 when the Byzantine Emperor Basil II was stopped by the wooden palisade around the village of Klyutch, Samuil decided to draw Basil's attention from there and sent Nestoritsa with a large army to strike in southern direction. Nestoritsa marched through the Vardar valley to the second-biggest Byzantine city, Thessaloniki. In the vicinity of the city the Bulgarians were engaged by enemy forces under the governor of Thessaloniki Theophylactus Botaniates and his son Michail. The battle was bloody with heavy casualties for both sides but in the end the Byzantines emerged victorious and captured many soldiers and weapons. Soon after that followed the major defeat in the battle of Kleidion...
Despite the defeat the Bulgarian resistance continued for four more years until the death of Emperor Ivan Vladislav finally broke the spirit for struggle and many noble decided to surrender keeping their title. Nestoritsa was among them surrendered with his troops to Basil II in the late 1018 along with Lasaritsa and Dobromir.
# Marquis of Pombal (title)

Count of Oeiras (Portuguese: Conde de Oeiras) was a Portuguese title of nobility created by a royal decree, dated July 15, 1759, by King Joseph I of Portugal, and granted to Sebastião José de Carvalho e Melo, Chief Minister of the Portuguese government.
Later, Joseph issued a royal decree dated September 16, 1769, in which he elevated the Count of Oeiras to the dignity of a marquisate as the Marquis of Pombal (Portuguese: Marquês de Pombal).

## List of counts of Oeiras (1759) and Marquises of Pombal (1769)

* Sebastião José de Carvalho e Melo (1699–1782), 1st Count of Oeiras and 1st Marquis of Pombal;
* Henrique José de Carvalho e Melo (1748–1812), 2nd Count of Oeiras and 2nd Marquis of Pombal. Also Chairman of the Lisbon Senate;
* José Francisco Xavier Maria de Carvalho Melo e Daun (1753–1821), 3rd Count of Oeiras and 3rd Marquis of Pombal;
* Sebastião José de Carvalho Melo e Daun (1785–1834), 4th Count of Oeiras and 4th Marquis of Pombal;
* João José Maria de Carvalho de Albuquerque Daun e Lorena, 5th Count of Oeiras;
* Manuel José de Carvalho Melo e Daun de Albuquerque Sousa e Lorena (1881–1886), 6th Count of Oeiras and 5th Marquis of Pombal;
* Sebastião José de Carvalho e Melo Daun Albuquerque da Silva e Lorena (1849–1874), 7th Count of Oeiras;
* António de Carvalho Melo e Daun de Albuquerque e Lorena (1850–1911), 8th Count of Oeiras, 6th Marquis of Pombal and 5th Count of Santiago de Beduído;
* Manuel José de Carvalho e Daun de Albuquerque e Lorena (1875–?), 9th Count of Oeiras and 7th Marquis of Pombal;
* António Severino de Carvalho e Melo Albuquerque Daun Lorena (1901–1943), 10th Count of Oeiras
* Sebastião José de Carvalho Daun e Lorena (1903–?), 11th Count of Oeiras, 8th Marquis of Pombal and 7th Count of Santiago de Beduído;
* Manuel Sebastião de Almeida de Carvalho Daun e Lorena (1930–2021), 12th Count of Oeiras, 9th Marquis of Pombal and 8th Count of Santiago of Beduído.
* Sebastião José de Carvalho Daun e Lorena (b. 1955), 13th Count of Oeiras, 10th Marquis of Pombal and 9th Count of Santiago of Beduído.
# Ghazanchi

41°04′44″N 43°49′18″E﻿ / ﻿41.07889°N 43.82167°E﻿ / 41.07889; 43.82167
Ghazanchi (Armenian: Ղազանչի) is a village in the Ashotsk Municipality of the Shirak Province of Armenia.
# Marinka Khachatryan

Marinka Khachatryan (Armenian: Մարինկա Խաչատրյան), is an Armenian actress. She is known for her roles as Mane on Full House and Arpi on Slave of Love, in addition to Sara in Elen’s Diary 1,2 and Nenet in Alien.

## Filmography

Television and web :
| Year | Title | Role | Notes |
| 2014-2015 | Slave of love | Arpi | Main Cast (204 episodes) |
| 2016 | Full House | Mane Yeranyan | Recurring (22 episodes) |
| 2016-2017 | The Surrogate Mother | Sona | Lead role |
| 2017-2017 | Alien | Nenet | Main cast |
| 2017-2019 | Ellen's Diary | Sara | Main cast |
Music Video :
| Year | Title | Artist |
| 2015 | Wedding day | Gevorg Martirosyan |
| 2016 | Annman (unmatched) | Arabo |
# Ab Dalan-e Mirki

Ab Dalan-e Mirki (Persian: ابدالان ميركي, also Romanized as Āb Dālān-e Mīrkī; also known as Ābdālān) is a village in Ozgoleh Rural District, Ozgoleh District, Salas-e Babajani County, Kermanshah Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 165, in 32 families.
# Abu ol Fathabad

Magassan (Persian: مگسان, also Romanized as Magassan and Magassan; also known as Magassan) is a village in Oshtorinan District, Borujerd County, Lorestan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 20, in 5 families.
# Çaylaqqala

Chaylaggala (Azerbaijani: Çaylaqqala) or Khtsaberd (Armenian: Խծաբերդ) is a village in the Khojavend District of Azerbaijan, in the disputed region of Nagorno-Karabakh. The village had an ethnic Armenian-majority population prior to the 2020 Nagorno-Karabakh war, and also had an Armenian majority in 1989.

## History

The village was collectivized in 1932, and electricity was brought to it in 1962. 155 residents of the village fought in World War II, of which 84 died. There is a World War II memorial in the village to honour the dead. During the Soviet period, the village was part of the Hadrut District of the Nagorno-Karabakh Autonomous Oblast. After the First Nagorno-Karabakh War, the village was administrated as part of the Hadrut Province of the breakaway Republic of Artsakh.
The village, together with Hin Tagher and Katarovank, became an Artsakh holdout in the Hadrut Province during the 2020 Nagorno-Karabakh war. Clashes erupted around the Armenian holdout pocket despite the ceasefire agreement, and it was reported that the villages were captured by Azerbaijan on 12 December, with some clashes continuing in the area. Russian peacekeepers arrived to the area on 13 December 2020. Subsequently, it was reported that the villages came under Azerbaijani control as Russian peacekeepers removed the area from their map of responsibility on 14 December 2020.

## Historical heritage sites

Historical heritage sites in and around the village include the 16th/17th-century church of Yeghtsan Dzor (Armenian: Եղցան ձոր), a 16th/17th-century khachkar, a cemetery from between the 17th and 19th centuries, a 19th-century watermill, and a simple Armenian church that was built in 1836, which was semi-ruined by 1990.

## Demographics

In 1987, there were 52 households with 154 inhabitants, all of them Armenian.
The village had 143 inhabitants in 2005, and 120 inhabitants in 2015.

## Notable people

* Artashes Poghosyan [hy] - Armenian poet
# Bulgarian Social Democratic Party (1891)

The Bulgarian Social Democratic Party (Bulgarian: Българска социалдемократическа партия, romanized: Balgarska Socialdemokraticheska Partiya; Bulgarian pronunciation:) was a Marxist political party from 1891 to 1894 in Bulgaria. The Bulgarian Social Democratic Party was the first name of the party created by Dimitar Blagoev on the 1891 Buzludzha Congress. The party split in the next year with Yanko Sakazov founding the Bulgarian Socialdemocratic Union. It kept this name until its reunification with the Bulgarian Socialdemocratic Union in 1894, when both took the common name Bulgarian Workers' Social Democratic Party. The General Soviet of the Party was the central leading organ of the BSDP. After the reunification with the Bulgarian Social Democratic Union in 1894, its responsibilities were taken up by the Central Committee of the BWSDP.
# Politics XXI

The Politics XXI (Portuguese: Política XXI) was a Portuguese left-wing political party. It was founded by former members of the Portuguese Communist Party and the Portuguese Democratic Movement/Democratic Electoral Commissions.
In 1998, the party decided to merge with other political left parties in order to found the Left Bloc. On 2 April 2008, the party was dissolved due to the good results obtained by the Left Bloc, and became the political association Fórum Manifesto.

## Electoral results
### European Parliament

| Election | Leader | Votes | % | Seats | +/- |
| 1994 | Ivan Nunes | 12,402 | 0.4 (#9) | 0 / 25 | |
* This article about a Portuguese political party is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
# The Homeless One

The Homeless One (Italian: Matlosa) is a 1981 Swiss drama film directed by Villi Hermann. It was entered into the 13th Moscow International Film Festival.

## Cast

* Omero Antonutti as Alfredo
* Francesca De Sapio
* Flavio Bucci as Il matlosa
* Nico Pepe as Zio Poldo
* Roger Jendly as Vincent
* Mario Marchetti
* Cleto Cremonesi
* Salvatore Landolina
* Roberto Pistone
# Pensato

In music, a pensato (Italian: "thought") is a composed imaginary note, a written note which is neither played nor heard. "This meant that a note had to be so indescribably tender and soft that it was only allowed to be thought of." (Score 1958)
Anton Webern is credited by some with the first use of pensatos, while others argue he did not use them at all. As Alex Ross (2007: 69, quoted in Toop 2016: 158) puts it: "The Joke went around that Webern had introduced the marking pensato: Don't play the note, only think it." George Perle (1990:), noting that "no composer has ever been more concrete, explicit, detailed, and subtle in his notation," argues that if Webern did use a pensato, it would have been a pitch "with all the attributes that give a note actuality: pitch, duration, mode of attack and release, timbre, intensity," and not a pitch class. He also points to a "verifiable pensato" in the last bar of Alban Berg's Lyric Suite: "The instruments drop out one by one, the four parts converging into a single line that continues into an ostinato on the last two notes of the derived series and becomes inaudible on the penultimate note of the series, seemingly continuing into the silence beyond." (Perle, 1985: 14) The last measure of the score is marked "dimin.", then "morendo...*", then the asterisk reads: "*)bis zum völligen Verlöschen, daher die letzte Terz Des—F eventuell noch ein-, zweimal wiederholen. Keinesfalls aber auf Des schließen!" ("until completely extinguished, repeat the last third of Des — F once or twice. In no case, however, conclude to Des!") Presumably an expression of unrequited love (Santos 2014: 35).
# Sansanee Sthirasuta

Sansanee Sthirasuta (Thai: ศันสนีย์ เสถียรสุต, pronounced; 1953 – 7 December 2021), better known as Mae Chee Sansanee, was a Thai Theravada Buddhist spiritual teacher and maechi (Thai Buddhist nun). She was known for teaching meditative practices and encouraging the role of women in Buddhism, and was the founder of Sathira-Dhammasthan, a learning centre and spiritual retreat in Bangkok.
Sansanee was born Sansanee Panyasiri (ปัญญศิริ). She left her hometown in Ayutthaya province for Bangkok at the age of 15, becoming a model and television personality. She was briefly romantically involved with millionaire socialite Sthira Sthirasuta, but after finding out he was already married eventually decided to abandon worldly life and become a maechi (nun) at the age of 27. She founded Sathira-Dhammasthan in 1987, with Sthira as a benefactor, and initially focused on providing refuge for victimized women.
# Forbes-Watson's swift

Forbes-Watson's swift (Apus berliozi) is a species of swift in the family Apodidae. It breeds in coastal areas of Somalia and the southern Arabian Peninsula and on the island of Socotra. In the non-breeding season it has been observed as far south as coastal Mozambique.
# Armen Rustamyan

Armen Rustamyan (Armenian: Արմեն Ռուստամյան; born March 1, 1960) is an Armenian politician from the Armenian Revolutionary Federation. He is a deputy in the National Assembly of Armenia, first elected in 1999.