OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# John the Rhaiktor

John the Rhaiktor (Greek: Ἰωάννης ὁ ῥαίκτωρ; fl. 922–947) was a Byzantine official, who served as the chief minister (paradynasteuon) of the empire in the early reign of Romanos I Lekapenos. Facing accusations, he left his office and retired to a monastery, but remained a confidant of the emperor, for whom he undertook a delicate diplomatic mission to Bulgaria in 929. He is likely to be identified as one of the conspirators who in 947 intended to depose Constantine VII and restore Romanos I's son Stephen Lekapenos to the throne.

## Life

John is first mentioned in 922, in the aftermath of a failed conspiracy against emperor Romanos I Lekapenos (reigned 920–944) and his junior colleague Constantine VII (r. 913–959). At the time, he was a presbyter, held the title of rhaiktor, and was the chief councillor (paradynasteuon) to Romanos I. In the aftermath of the conspiracy's revelation by the servant of one of the conspirators, he took the servant into the imperial household. In addition, he argued successfully for the promotion of Constantine Lorikatos, the protokarabos (captain of the imperial dromon) and loyal partisan of Romanos, to the post of protospatharios tes phiales, which had been held until then by one of the men implicated in the conspiracy.
In spring of 922 he was sent, along with the admiral Alexios Mosele, the Domestic of the Schools Pothos Argyros, and his brother Leo Argyros, to confront a Bulgarian invasion. In the ensuing Battle of Pegae near Constantinople, John fled the field almost immediately and sought refuge aboard a nearby warship, while the battle resulted in a rout for the Byzantines, who lost many men and officers, both dead and captive. Shortly afterwards, unspecified charges were brought against him before Emperor Romanos. Feigning illness, he left the imperial palace and retired to a monastery he had founded, near Galakrenai. He was succeeded as paradynasteuon by John Mystikos.
Despite the accusations and his becoming a monk, John seems to have retained Romanos' confidence, for probably in 929 he was sent on a diplomatic mission to Bulgaria. Officially his mission was to reconcile Tsar Peter (r. 927–969) with his younger brother Ivan, who had unsuccessfully revolted against him and had been forced to become a monk, but in reality he was to bring Ivan to Constantinople. As soon as Ivan was in Constantinople, he abandoned his monastic habit and married a Byzantine noblewoman. John and Romanos' eldest son and co-emperor Christopher Lekapenos (r. 921–931) were witnesses at the ceremony.
John is probably to be identified with John the Rhaiktor who in December 947 was part of a failed conspiracy to depose Constantine VII, now sole emperor, and restore Romanos' younger son Stephen Lekapenos to the throne. The conspirators were variously blinded, their ears and noses cut, publicly humiliated through the streets of the capital, and exiled.
# Ferdinand Boyer

Ferdinand Boyer (French:; 12 October 1823, Nîmes - 26 July 1885) was a French Legitimist politician. He was a member of the National Assembly from 1871 to 1876 and a member of the Chamber of Deputies from 1876 to 1885.
# Madame White Snake (opera)

Madame White Snake is an opera with music by Zhou Long and libretto by Cerise Lim Jacobs, published by Oxford University Press. Awarded the 2011 Pulitzer Prize for Music, it was premiered on Feb. 26, 2010, by Opera Boston at the Cutler Majestic Theatre. It is based on the Legend of the White Snake and was created by Jacobs as a gift to her now late husband. The Pulitzer Committee described the opera as, "a deeply expressive opera that draws on a Chinese folk tale to blend the musical traditions of the East and the West." Zhou stated, "I have been working very hard to blend the East and the West for years." The opera was performed, in English, in Beijing in October 2010. In China Zhou's 2010 English-language opera shares the same title as the traditional Beijing opera version, Legend of the White Snake, Báishézhuàn, but is distinguished by the term "geju" (Western opera) rather than "jingju" (Beijing opera).
Jacobs' first libretto and Zhou's first opera, it was the first opera commissioned by Opera Boston, co-commissioned by the Beijing Music Festival Arts Foundation. Jacobs is a Chinese-American retired lawyer and Zhou is a Chinese-American composer. "Giving voice to sweeping melodies worthy of Puccini without sounding imitative, and employing such vocal effects as bent pitches, slides and Sprechstimme to suggest the unique idiom of Peking Opera, [Zhou] wove both aesthetics into a unique whole, creating a vivid and freestanding musical world of his own."
* Director: Robert Woodruff
* Conductor: Gil Rose
* Xiao Ching: Michael Maniaci
* Madame White Snake: Ying Huang
* Abbot Fahai: Dong-Jian Gong
* Xu Xian: Peter Tantsits

## Sources

* 1 2 Brown, Joel (April 19, 2011). "Opera Boston production wins Pulitzer", Boston.com.
* ↑ 歌剧<白蛇传>将在京上演 美国男声女高音演小青 2010年10月23日14:03 （记者赵纲）以白娘子的传说为蓝本的歌剧《白蛇传》将于10月27日在北京国际音乐节上演，演出地点为世纪剧院。
* ↑ Eichler, Jeremy (May 14, 2008). "Boston gets new opera from old legend", The Boston Globe.
* ↑ (18 April 2011). "Zhou Long's Madame White Snake Awarded 2011 Pulitzer Prize for Music", OperaNews.com.
# Ahandan

Ahandan (Persian: آهندان) is a village in, and the capital of, Ahandan Rural District of the Central District of Lahijan County, Gilan province, Iran.

## Demographics
### Population

At the time of the 2006 National Census, the village's population was 1,056 in 302 households. The following census in 2011 counted 1,071 people in 345 households. The 2016 census measured the population of the village as 1,031 people in 374 households.
# Sant'Ambrogio di Valpolicella

Sant'Ambrogio di Valpolicella (Venetian: Sant’Anbroxio) is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Verona in the Italian region Veneto, located about 120 kilometres (75 miles) west of Venice and about 15 km (9 mi) northwest of Verona.
Sant'Ambrogio di Valpolicella borders the following municipalities: Cavaion Veronese, Dolcè, Fumane, Pastrengo, Pescantina, Rivoli Veronese, and San Pietro in Cariano. Its frazione of San Giorgio is one of I Borghi più belli d'Italia ("The most beautiful villages of Italy").
Sights include the Romanesque pieve of San Giorgio, built in the 12th century over a Lombard (and perhaps pre-Roman) religious place. The interior has a nave and two aisles, of the same height, divided by piers. Some of the latter are decorated by 14th-century paintings. The basements of the columns are re-used Roman altars. The church houses also 11th-century frescoes, including a Last Supper; also notable is the ciborium, built during the reign of the Lombard king Liutprand (711-744). The bell tower and the cloister are also from the 12th century.

## Twinning

Sant'Ambrogio is twinned with:
* Oppenheim, Germany
* Sant'Ambrogio di Torino, since 2004
* Sant'Ambrogio sul Garigliano, since 2004
* Sežana, Slovenia
# Vladimir Steklov (mathematician)

Vladimir Andreevich Steklov (Russian: Влади́мир Андре́евич Стекло́в; 9 January 1864 – 30 May 1926) was a prominent Russian and Soviet mathematician, mechanician and physicist.

## Biography

Steklov was born in Nizhny Novgorod, Russia. In 1887 he graduated from the Kharkov University, where he was a student of Aleksandr Lyapunov.
In 1889–1906 he worked at the Department of Mechanics of this university. He became a full professor in 1896. During 1893–1905 he also taught theoretical mechanics in the Kharkov Polytechnical Institute (now known as Kharkiv Polytechnic Institute). In 1906 he started working at Petersburg University.
In 1921 he petitioned for the creation of the Institute of Physics and Mathematics. Upon his death, the institute was named after him. The Mathematics Department split from the Institute in 1934. It is now known as Steklov Institute of Mathematics. A lunar impact crater is also named after him.
Steklov wrote a number of works on the history of science. He was an Invited Speaker of the ICM in 1924 in Toronto.
In 1926 he was elected a corresponding member of the Göttingen Academy of Sciences and Humanities.
Steklov died in Gaspra, Crimea, USSR. He was interred in Saint Petersburg, Russia.
# Mark Rasmussen

Mark Alan Rasmussen (born 28 November 1983) is a midfielder who plays for Brisbane Premier League side Albany Creek Excelsior FC.
He started his career at Football League Championship outfit Burnley, who he joined after being spotted by scout Jack Hixon. He made his debut for the Clarets on 19 April 2003, replacing Matthew O'Neill. His second and final game for Burnley was a substitute appearance on 21 April 2003, when he replaced Gordon Armstrong. However, he was released at the end of the 2002-03 season by Stan Ternent.
He then moved to Accrington Stanley on a free transfer, but struggled to make the first team and ended up playing solely in the reserves. One year later, he moved on to non-league side Gateshead. He scored on his debut for the Tynesiders along with former Burnley teammate Anthony Shandran, but was transfer-listed straight after the match for talking to other clubs and failing to maintain a suitable level of fitness. He joined West Allotment Celtic and won the league and cup double in his first season with the club. He then joined Newcastle Benfield and was part of the league cup winning side in 2006 and who narrowly missed out on the first round of the FA Cup after a 1–0 home defeat by York City. He later moved down a division to join North Shields before moving onto Hebburn Town in the Northern League Division 1. Having moved to Brisbane, Australia, He played his first full season for Bayside United F.C in the Capital 1 League and finished runners up in 2013. A big summer transfer for Albany Creek Excelsior FC in the Brisbane Premier League took place and he awaits his debut on 22 Feb 2014.
After a short spell at Albany Creek, Mark moved to Brisbane side Holland Park Hawks in 2014 and went on to win the league and cup double. The 2015 season again saw the Hawks win the league and cup double and promotion to Brisbane's premier division.
# Paul Kuété

Paul Kuété (born 20 December 1972) is a Cameroonian long-distance runner. He competed in the men's marathon at the 1992 Summer Olympics.
# Cabriolet (carriage)

A cabriolet (alternatively cabriole$^{:32}$) is a light horse-drawn vehicle, with two wheels and a single horse. The carriage has a folding hood that can cover its two occupants, one of whom is the driver. It has a large rigid apron, upward-curving shafts, and usually a rear platform between the C springs for a groom. The design was developed in France in the eighteenth century and quickly replaced the heavier hackney carriage as the vehicle for hire of choice in Paris and London.

## Etymology

The word cabriolet is derived from the French version of the Italian capriolo meaning a young goat, due to the swaying motion of the vehicle at speed suggestive of the skipping and capering of a kid.$^{:32}$
The cab of taxi-cab or "hansom cab" is a shortening of cabriolet.$^{:29}$
One who drives a horse-drawn cab for hire is a cabdriver.

## History

Imported from France to England in the 1790s, the cabriolet was originally a two-seater driven by its owner, with a platform on the rear for a groom to stand on. The vehicle soon came of interest to the hire-trade. Londoners had wanted a faster alternative to the slow 4-wheeled hackney carriages, but the hackney proprietors had an exclusive license to carry passengers in the center of London. In 1805, the first 9 cabriolets were granted license to ply for hire but only outside of the main center of London and limited to two persons only—limiting the arrangement to a single passenger, with the driver uncomfortably sitting beside his fare. In 1823, 12 cabriolets were licensed and put into service with an awkward seat built off to one side for the driver—increasing the number of paying passengers to two.$^{:9}$$^{:90}$
Accidents were common because the drivers showed off their new-found speed and would occasionally collide with streetposts or other vehicles causing the passengers to be pitched forward into the road. There were several attempts to ban the cabriolet as a safety hazard to other users of the roads. The next two-wheel cab to come into popularity was the Hansom cab which had a lower center of gravity, thus a better safety record, and the driver was positioned behind the passengers. Hansoms gradually took over the hire-trade from the cabriolets.$^{:9}$
# Marty Hunt

Martin Hunt (born 12 February 1970) is an Australian politician and former police officer who is the Liberal National Party member for Nicklin in the Queensland Legislative Assembly since 2024, having previously served from 2017 to 2020.
Prior to his election, Hunt was a Sergeant in the Queensland Police Service, assigned to the Sunshine Coast (Nambour) PCYC (Police-Citizens Youth Club).
Sworn in to the Queensland Police Service on 7 July 1989 after training 18 months as a Cadet, Hunt served 30 years as a Queensland Police Officer serving in Inala, Oxley District CIB, Sunshine Coast Child Abuse Unit and CPIU before being appointed officer in charge PCYC Sunshine Coast in May 2000.
Hunt made his inaugural speech on 20 March 2018 paying tribute to his family, police colleagues and volunteers. He described his catholic school upbringing, values instilled over time and passion for police mental health and improvements to the justice system. His inaugural speech can be viewed here
He was re-elected in the seat of Nicklin in the 2024 Queensland state election.
# Saradha Koirala

Saradha Koirala (born 19 July 1980) is a New Zealand poet and writer based in Melbourne, Australia. She is the author of three poetry collections and two young adult novels. Koirala also writes literature reviews and has interviewed international authors and covered events such as the Auckland Writers & Readers Festival. She was the convening judge for the Mary and Peter Biggs Award for Poetry in the 2022 Ockham New Zealand Book Awards.

## Background

Koirala was born York, England to a New Zealand mother and Nepali father. She grew up in Nelson, New Zealand and was educated at Otago University receiving a Bachelor of Arts in English and later qualified as a secondary school teacher with a Graduate Diploma in Teaching from Victoria University of Wellington. In 2007, Koirala completed the highly regarded Master of Creative Writing at Victoria's International Institute of Modern Letters under visiting tutor Dora Malech. Koirala is also a member of the New Zealand Society of Authors and the Academy of New Zealand Literature.

## Publications

* Wit of the Staircase (poetry) Steele Roberts Aotearoa, 2009 ISBN 978-1-877448-42-3
* Tear Water Tea (poetry) Steele Roberts Aotearoa, 2013 ISBN 978-1-927242-04-9
* Lonesome When You Go (YA fiction) Mākaro Press, 2016 ISBN 978-0-9941237-4-9
* Photos of the Sky (poetry) The Cuba Press, 2018 ISBN 978-0-9951107-4-8
* Learning to love Blue (YA fiction) Record Press, 2021 ISBN 978-0-6451993-0-7

## Awards

Lonesome When You Go received a Storylines Notable Book Award, 2017
Learning to love Blue won the Young Adult Fiction Award in the 2022 New Zealand Book Awards for Children and Young Adults
# Regianum Peak

Regianum Peak (Bulgarian: връх Регианум, romanized: vrah Regianum, IPA:) is the mostly ice-covered peak of elevation 855 m in the northeast part of Stribog Mountains on Brabant Island in the Palmer Archipelago, Antarctica. It surmounts Paré Glacier to the north and Laënnec Glacier to the south, and has its northern foothills connected to Stavertsi Ridge to the northeast by Viamata Saddle.
The peak is named after the ancient Roman fortress of Regianum in Northwestern Bulgaria.

## Location

Regianum Peak is located at 64°10′12″S 62°14′39″W﻿ / ﻿64.17000°S 62.24417°W﻿ / -64.17000; -62.24417, which is 2.27 km east by north of Blesna Peak, 4.25 km southwest of Mount Cabeza, 7.7 km west-northwest of Petroff Point and 5.9 km north-northwest of Opizo Peak. British mapping in 1980 and 2008.

## Maps

* Antarctic Digital Database (ADD). Scale 1:250000 topographic map of Antarctica. Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research (SCAR). Since 1993, regularly upgraded and updated.
* British Antarctic Territory. Scale 1:200000 topographic map. DOS 610 Series, Sheet W 64 62. Directorate of Overseas Surveys, Tolworth, UK, 1980.
* Brabant Island to Argentine Islands. Scale 1:250000 topographic map. British Antarctic Survey, 2008.
# Gyovren

Gyovren (Bulgarian: Гьоврен; Turkish: Gövren) is a village under the municipality of Devin in the Smolyan Province in the southern part of Bulgaria.

## Geography

Gyovren is located in the Rhodope Mountains on the northern slope of the Trigrad plateau, not far from the Bulgaria–Greece border. It is located 20 km south of the town of Devin between the villages of Teshel and Trigrad and 143 km from the national capital Sofia. It is a typical high-mountain village situated on a steep rocky relief. West of the village flows the Trigrad River and there lies the Trigrad Gorge. Along the road at the foot of the village is a mosque which was historically significant in the founding of the village.

## Culture

The population of Gyovren is mainly ethnic Turks. The village celebrates many old traditions and holidays such as Ramazan Bayrami, Kurban Bayram, Ashure and Aderlez.

## Attractions

The mountains surrounding Gyovren are full of rich natural wildlife. The natural reserve, "Kazanite", is home to pine and spruce trees from over 80–100 years ago. Local wildlife in the reserve include deer, wild goats, and wild pigs. There are also a few dairy farms, "mandras," in the mountains where sheep milk, white cheese ("sirene"), kashkaval, and butter are processed manually during the summer months using centuries-old techniques.
Gyovren is also located between the Devil's Throat Cave and Yagodinska Cave.
There are also a number of guest houses located in the village and open for tourists throughout the year.

## Gallery

* School in Gyovren
# Aleksandr Stolper

Aleksandr Borisovich Stolper (Russian: Александр Борисович Столпер; 12 August 1907, in Dvinsk (now Daugavpils) – 12 January 1979, in Moscow) was a Soviet film director and screenwriter. He directed 14 films between 1940 and 1977. Aleksandr Stolper was awarded the Stalin Prize in 1949 and 1951 and received the honorary title People's Artist of the USSR in 1977.

## Filmography

* The Law of Life (1940)
* Lad from Our Town (1942)
* Wait for Me (1943)
* Days and Nights (1945)
* Our Heart (1946)
* Tale of a True Man (1948)
* Far from Moscow (1950)
* The Road (1955)
* A Unique Spring (1957)
* Hard Happiness (1958)
* The Alive and the Dead (1964)
* Retribution (1967)
* The Fourth (1972)
* Slope: Zero (1977)
# Industrialna (Kyiv Light Rail)

Industrialna (Ukrainian: Індустріальна) is a station on the Kyiv Light Rail in Ukraine. It was opened in 1977.

## History

On October 12 2008 section Politekhnichna - Ivana Lepse was closed for reconstruction.
On October 16, 2010, the station was opened for several hours, but then closed again due to unpreparedness of the underpass. Reopened to passengers on October 24, 2010. After opening, repair works continued at the station, and by December 2010, cover was installed over the platforms and entrances to the underpasses.
# Lipnik, Bielsko-Biała

Lipnik (German: Kunzendorf) is an osiedle (district) of Bielsko-Biała, Silesian Voivodeship, southern Poland. The osiedle has an area of 8.9317 km$^2$ and on December 31, 2006, had 5,885 inhabitants.
It is located in the east part of the city. Historically it was also subdivided into Lipnik Dolny (lower) and Lipnik Górny (upper).

## History

The village was established in the late 13th century. It was first mentioned in 1326 in the register of Peter's Pence payment among Catholic parishes of Oświęcim deaconry of the Diocese of Kraków as Lipnik. The name was of Slavic origin, derived from tilia trees (Polish: lipa). Later the village was also known under German name of Kunzendorf, as it was later a part of a German language island around Bielsko (German: Bielitz-Bialaer Sprachinsel).
Politically the village belonged initially to the Duchy of Cieszyn and Castellany of Oświęcim, which was in 1315 formed in the process of feudal fragmentation of Poland into the Duchy of Oświęcim, ruled by a local branch of Silesian Piast dynasty. In 1327 the duchy became a fee of the Kingdom of Bohemia. In 1457 Jan IV of Oświęcim agreed to sell the duchy to the Polish Crown, and in the accompanying document issued on 21 February the village was mentioned as Lipnik. The territory of the Duchy of Oświęcim was eventually incorporated into Poland in 1564 and formed Silesian County of Kraków Voivodeship.
In 1499 it became a seat of starostwo niegrodowe. A town of Biała began as a hamlet of Lipnik in the second half of the 16th century. In 1613 Biała was separated from Lipnik. Several other of its hamlets also grew to become independent, like Straconka, Międzybrodzie Lipnickie and Leszczyny.
Upon the First Partition of Poland in 1772 it became part of the Austrian Kingdom of Galicia. In 1789 starostwo of Lipnik was dissolved and the village grew more dependent on the town of Biała. In the 19th century it was industrialized. After World War I and fall of Austria-Hungary it became part of Poland. In 1925 it was absorbed by Biała, which was merged with Bielsko in 1951 to form Bielsko-Biała.

## Born in Lipnik

* Johannes Volkelt
* Artur Schnabel
* Karol Wojtyla, Sr., the father of Pope John Paul II
# Ovit Tunnel

Ovit Tunnel (Turkish: Ovit Tüneli), is a highway tunnel at Mount Ovit between İkizdere, Rize Province and İspir, Erzurum Province in northeastern Turkey. With its length of 14,346 m (47,067 ft) (including 1,369 m cut and cover avalanche tunnel) in twin tubes, it is the country's second longest tunnel after Zigana Tunnel.
The tunnel was projected to connect Erzurum with Rize in order to enable Eastern Anatolian's access to the Black Sea. The first gateaway project dates back to 1880 during the Ottoman Empire times, without going into realization. In 1930, a highway was built with a workforce of 1,500 people who connected İspir with İkizdere, passing over Mount Ovit, which is 2,640 m (8,660 ft) high. The current route D.925, however, it was built to bypass the Ovit Pass at 2,640 m (8,660 ft) elevation.
The construction works of Ovit Tunnel and its connection roads started with a groundbreaking ceremony held on 12 May 2012 in presence of Prime Minister Recep Tayyip Erdoğan. It was planned that the tunnel would be opened to traffic in 2015, but later the opening date was set to 2018. Ovit Tunnel is the world's 7th longest highway tunnel. The tunnel was opened on 13 June 2018 by Recep Tayyip Erdogan.
# Chrysoprasis nymphula

Chrysoprasis nymphula is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae (longhorn beetles). It was described by Henry Walter Bates in 1870.