OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Treaty of Eger

The Treaty of Eger (German: Vertrag von Eger), also called Main Compromise of Eger (Hauptvergleich von Eger) or Peace of Eger (Czech: Chebský mír) was concluded on 25 April 1459 in the Imperial City of Eger (Cheb), administrative seat of the immediate pawn of Egerland (Reichspfandschaft Eger). The treaty established the border between the Kingdom of Bohemia and the Electorate of Saxony on the main ridge of the Ore Mountains stretching from Eger to the River Elbe. The border remains largely unchanged up to today, separating the Czech Republic and Germany, and is thus one of the oldest still extant borders in Europe.

## Background

At that time, the Wettin elector Frederick II of Saxony and his brother Landgrave William of Thuringia had re-arranged their dominions in the 1445 Division of Altenburg and the following Saxon Fratricidal War. In 1432 Frederick had already reached a separate peace agreement with the Bohemian Hussites.
After the death of the Habsburg king Albert II of Germany, the Utraquist leader George of Poděbrady had been elected Bohemian regent by local nobles in 1448 against the resistance of the Catholic supporters of Albert's minor son and heir Ladislaus the Posthumous, led by Burgrave Meinhard of Neuhaus. In the Saxon Fratricidal War, George had backed the younger brother Landgrave William. After the sudden death of Ladislaus, he was crowned Bohemian king by the Utraquist nobility in 1458, while William had also been a candidate for the succession.

## Agreement

In 1459 the Wettin brothers agreed with George of Poděbrady that towns, castles, markets and villages south of the Ore Mountains that formerly had belonged to the Lands of the Bohemian Crown (like Most, Rýzmburk Castle at Osek and Duchcov) together with all spiritual and secular bodies, pensions, interest, duties, etc. belonged to the estates of King George, and the estates and castles on the northern side in the Vogtland region and the former Margraviate of Meissen should be left with the Saxon electors. Through the agreement, the constant border disputes ultimately ended, but some places and dominions north of the Ore Mountains continued to be fiefdoms of the Bohemian crown.

## Aftermath

Upon the death of Elector Frederick II in 1464, his eldest son Ernest ruled jointly with his younger brother Albert. Their realm comprised all Wettin lands, when their uncle Landgrave William of Thuringia died without male heirs in 1482. However, by the 1485 Treaty of Leipzig the brothers again divided the Saxon lands, with the western Thuringia and Vogtland regions passing to Ernest and eastern Meissen falling to Albert. George of Poděbrady had to face the continuous resistance of the Catholic nobility backed by Pope Paul II, who designated Matthias Corvinus Bohemian king in 1469.
The most significant change to the border fixed by the 1459 treaty happened in 1546, when Duke Maurice of Saxony and King Ferdinand I divided the Barony of Schwarzenberg, former possession of Elector John Frederick I, as part of the spoils of war following the Schmalkaldic War, with Boží Dar and Horní Blatná passing to Bohemia.
# Samo Phlue

Samo Phlue (Thai: สมอพลือ, pronounced) is a tambon (sub-district) of Ban Lat District, Phetchaburi Province, western Thailand.

## Geography

Neighboring sub-districts are (from the north clockwise): Ton Mamuang and Pho Rai Wan of Mueang Phetchaburi District and Tha Sen and Ban Lat of Ban Lat District. Most of the subdistrict consists of lowlands along the Phetchaburi River. An irrigation canal flows through Ban Samo Phlue, Ban Rai Kha, and Ban Don Phlap, providing water for agriculture.

## History

In the Ayutthaya period, Samo Phlue was the residence of the royal Brahmin, with settlements around 1457 (coincides King Trailok's reign). Brahmins were the gentry of their day, the ancestors of many important people in Thai history, for example, Princess Aphainuchit, mother of Prince Thammathibet; Princess Phiphit Montri, mother of two Ayutthaya kings, Uthumphon and Ekkathat; the royal poet of the early-Rattanakosin period, Sunthon Phu. His father descended from the Brahmin here.
The Phetchaburi River flowing through Wat Tha Chaisiri temple is still believed to be "holy water", thus used in the coronation ceremony of the Thai monarchs of each period.

## Administration
### Central administration

The sub-district is divided into six administrative mubans (villages)
| No. | Name | Thai |
| 01. | Ban Samo Phlue | บ้านสมอพลือ |
| 02. | Ban Tha Sai | บ้านท่าไทร |
| 03. | Ban Rai Kha | บ้านไร่คา |
| 04. | Ban Na Phanang | บ้านนาพนัง |
| 05. | Ban Huai Suea | บ้านห้วยเสือ |
| 06. | Ban Don Phlap | บ้านดอนพลับ |

### Local administration

The tambon is administered by the subdistrict administrative organization (SAO), Samo Phlue (องค์การบริหารส่วนตำบลสมอพลือ).

## Economy

Most Samo Phlue people work in agriculture.
# Alan Parastaev

Alan Parastaev (Georgian: ალან ფარასტაევი; born 5 July 1951; death 16 March 2023) is an ethnic Ossetian jurist and politician who had served in the government of South Ossetia from 1992 to 2005. He was arrested by the South Ossetian authorities in 2006, but escaped to the Georgian-controlled territory in 2008. Since then Parastaev has worked in the government of Georgia.

## Career

Born in Tskhinvali, South Ossetian AO, Georgian SSR, Parastaev graduated from the North Ossetian State University with a degree in law in 1981 and worked as a judge in South Ossetia's Java District from 1987 to 1992. He worked in the de facto government in Tskhinvali, being Chairman of the Supreme Court (1992–1994), Minister of Internal Affairs (1994–1998), Minister of Justice (1998–2002) and again Chairman of the Supreme Court (2002–2005).
In November 2006, he was arrested and sentenced to an 18-year prison term for allegedly plotting the assassination of Eduard Kokoity. His family tried to apply to the European Court of Human Rights and reported that Parastaev had been mistreated in prison and beaten "almost to death".
Parastaev escaped to Georgian-controlled territory after prison authorities set inmates free at the start of the August 2008 war. In a February 2009 interview with the Georgian Imedi TV, Parastaev said that Kokoity had organized a series of terrorist attacks and ordered murders for which he blamed Georgia.
Since 2009, Parastaev has been serving as Deputy Minister in the newly created Ministry for Penitentiary, Probation and Legal Assistance Issues of Georgia.
Prior to his defection, Parastaev worked on the committee to draft a new Constitution of South Ossetia.
Died March 16, 2023.
# Stavri Nica

Stavri Nica (born 8 July 1954) is an Albanian football coach.

## Managerial career

Nica replaced Elvis Plori as manager of Kastrioti in October 2018. After winning promotion with Devolli to the Albanian First Division in summer 2019, Nica was replaced by Festim Fetollari in November 2019.
# Karl Francis

Karl Francis (born 1 April 1942) is a Welsh film and television director, producer and screenwriter, associated with left-wing political causes. His work has included output in both English and Welsh.

## Biography

Francis was born in Bedwas in South Wales. He won a scholarship which allowed him to study at Manchester University where he gained his BA in 1964. He then attended Hornsey College of Art to study for a post-graduate diploma on Film in Education. He began his media career in television in 1971, first as an independent investigator, before taking a production post with ITV, working on Weekend World for London Weekend Television. In 1973 he switched to the BBC and produced programmes such as 2nd House.
In 1977 he wrote, produced and directed the docu-drama Above us the Earth. The film, shot in the spring and summer of 1975, records the closure of the Ogilvie colliery in the Rhymney Valley and the effect on the miners and the larger community. The film uses professional and amateur actors to show the relationships between workers, unions and the National Coal Board, along with footage of the political leaders of the day. The film is seen as an important film in its social commentary and is now part of the National Screen and Sound Archive of Wales. In 2010 BBC Wales selected Above us the Earth as one of the ten greatest films about Wales. In 2012, the BFI/UK Film Council selected Above Us The Earth as the best independent film made in Wales.
In 1995 he was appointed the Head of Drama at BBC Wales, a role he held until 1997.
In 2008 Francis released Hope Eternal, the film tells the story of a Madagascan nurse working in a Tuberculosis and AIDS hospice in the Congo. Hope Eternal was made in six languages combining both film and poetry simultaneously using subtitles in English. The film opened the Hay Sony Film Festival 2008 and was submitted as the UK nominee for the category of Best Foreign Language Film for the 82nd Academy Awards; though it failed to be selected for the final five nominees.
In August 2011 the Independent Police Complaints Commission ("IPCC") upheld a complaint that the South Wales Police had failed to investigate correctly a number of accusations; associated charges were later dropped. The IPCC described the investigation as demonstrating a "Low level of investigatory standards" and noted that "[the] South Wales Police covered their tracks to enforce forensic evidence" amongst other significant criticisms. As of 1 August 2011 the South Wales Police were investigating these complaints against them as instructed by the IPCC.

## Films

* Above Us the Earth (1977)
* Afternoon of War (1980)
* The Mouse and the Woman (1980)
* Giro City (1982)
* Yr Alcoholig Llon (1983)
* Milwr Bychan (1984)
* Ms. Rhymney Valley (1985)
* Nineteen 96 (1989)
* Rebecca's Daughters (1992)
* Streetlife (1995)
* One of the Hollywood Ten (2000)
* Hope Eternal (2008)
* Hair In The Gate (2012) Short Film

## Television

* Factfinder (1971)
* Chekhov in Derry (1982)
* Morphine and Dolly Mixtures (1990)
* Raymond Williams: a Journey of Hope (1990)
* Civvies (1992)
# Ovington Square

Ovington Square is a garden square in central London's Knightsbridge district. It lies between Brompton Road to the north-west (reached via Ovington Gardens) and Walton Street to the south-east.

## History

The freehold property on which the square is built was owned by Frederick, Baron von Zandt of Würzburg, Germany, and after his death was developed in 1844 by his widow, Elizabeth Standerwick, of Ovington House in Hampshire. The houses surrounding the green were built from 1844 to 1850 by W.W. Pocock.
The south side of the square, 1–35, and number 34 on the north side are grade II listed, as are 37–43 and 36–42 on the road into the square.
The green itself was secured soon after development, protected under the 1851 Garden Square Act and maintained under the Kensington Improvement Act 1851 (14 & 15 Vict. c. cxvi). Responsibility for the garden passed to trustees following a settlement made by Sir John Swinnerton Dyer in 1912.

## Notable buildings and residents

* #10 was home to the London Buddhist Vihara from 1955 to 1964, when it moved to Heathfield Gardens, Chiswick.
* The six-storey apartment building #22–26 was built in 1957, and the architect was Walter Segal. Pevsner called it "a Morris Traveller parked among grander saloons". In the 1990s, the Twentieth Century Society recommended it for listed building status, but this was rejected.
* #10 Frederic Chapman (1823–1895), publisher, died at his home there
* #17 Birthplace of Vera Bate Lombardi (1883–1948), socialite
* #18 Sir Wilfrid Lawson, 2nd Baronet, of Brayton (1829–1906), temperance campaigner and radical politician died at his home there
* #27 Headquarters of the Beatles' Apple Corps and Harrisongs companies
* Arthur Grote (1814–1886), colonial administrator, died at his home there
* Jane Wilde lived there from 1879, as did briefly her son, Oscar Wilde
# Checkmate (1931 film)

Checkmate (German: Schachmatt) is a 1931 German drama film directed by Georg Asagaroff and starring Gerda Maurus, Hans Rehmann, and Trude Berliner.
The film's sets were designed by the art director Alexander Ferenczy.

## Cast

* Gerda Maurus as Charlotte Breda, seine Verlobte
* Hans Rehmann as Stefan Bigger, Schriftsteller
* Trude Berliner as Erika, Tänzerin
* Walter Rilla as Georg Holl, Journalist
* Hans Brausewetter as Rudi Helling, Zeichner
* Sig Arno as Bolo, ein Erfinder
* Hermann Speelmans as Markutius, pensionierter Kriminalbeamter
* Hugo Werner-Kahle as Untersuchungsrichter
* Viktor Schwannecke as Defense lawyer
* Bernhard Goetzke as 1. Kommissar
* Gerhard Bienert as 2. Kommissar
* Hugo Fischer-Köppe as Stromer
* Geza L. Weiss as Caesar
# Haqlaniyah

Al-Haqlaniyah (Arabic: الحقلانية, al-Ḥaqlānīyah) is an Iraqi town on the Euphrates River in Al-Anbar province.
34°05′21″N 42°21′16″E﻿ / ﻿34.089061°N 42.354355°E﻿ / 34.089061; 42.354355
* This Iraq geographical location article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
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# Qingyi, Sichuan

Qingyi (simplified Chinese: 青义; traditional Chinese: 青義; pinyin: Qīngyì) is a town in Fucheng District, Mianyang, Sichuan province, China. As of 2020, it has 3 residential neighborhoods and 12 villages under its administration.

## Neighborhoods

* Dengta Community (灯塔社区)
* Longmen Community (龙门社区)
* Jinjialin Community (金家林社区)

## Villages

* Yulong Village (玉龙村)
* Dalong Village (大龙村)
* Mianxing Village (绵兴村)
* Qingyang Village (青羊村)
* Xiaoqiao Village (小桥村)
* Longfeng Village (龙峰村)
* Qianjin Village (前进村)
* Xiangji Village (香脊村)
* Gejiamiao Village (戈家庙村)
* Gulou Village (鼓楼村)
* Daxin Village (大新村)
* Xiyuan Village (西园村)
# Renhe, Zitong County

Renhe (Chinese: 仁和; pinyin: Rénhé) is a town under the administration of Zitong County, Sichuan, China. As of 2020, it administers Tianbaochang Residential Community (金宝场社区) and the following 12 villages:
* Tianle Village (天乐村)
* Guanlong Village (观龙村)
* Mengya Village (檬桠村)
* Xinhua Village (新华村)
* Songlin Village (松林村)
* Tiantai Village (天台村)
* Shuguang Village (曙光村)
* Qiushu Village (秋树村)
* Liren Village (里仁村)
* Lianghe Village (两河村)
* Daxin Village (大新村)
* Qingyuan Village (青元村)
In 2019, Renhe absorbed the administrative area of Daxin (大新) which was abolished.
# Percival Spencer Umfreville Pickering

Percival Spencer Umfreville (Spencer) Pickering (6 March 1858 – 5 December 1920) was a British chemist and horticulturist.
Born to Anne Maria Spencer-Stanhope and her husband Percival Pickering, Pickering grew up in a wealthy family, and was able to start a career in science by building his own laboratory in his private house. In 1881, he took up a position as lecturer at Bedford College, where he stayed until 1887. After losing an eye in a serious accident in his lab, his health waned and he moved to the countryside to the village of Harpenden. Among the residents of the village were already four fellows of the Royal Society, and Pickering was to become the fifth by 1890.
From 1894 on, he was director of the Woburn Experimental Fruit Farm, a private establishment by Pickering and the Duke of Bedford, where he worked to improve horticultural techniques.
In 1907, he discovered the phenomenon that emulsions can be stabilised by small particles instead of emulsifiers, nowadays referred to as Pickering stabilization, although the effect was already recognized by Walter Ramsden in 1903.

## Literature

* E.J. Russell, "Obituary notice: Percival Spencer Umfreville Pickering", Biochemical Journal 15, 1–3 (1921). PMC 1258950
* S.U. Pickering, "Emulsions", Journal of the Chemical Society 91, 2001-2021 (1907).
* W. Ramsden, Proceedings of the Royal Society (London) B 72, 156-164 (1903).
# Canadian International College

The Canadian International College (CIC) (Arabic: المعهد الكندي العالي, transliteration: Al Ma'haad Al Canadie Alaaly), is an Egyptian University in Cairo, Egypt. The CIC is the sole provider of Canadian higher education in Egypt. CIC is the Cairo campus for Cape Breton University. It has two campuses, the main campus is located in the residential area of El Tagamoa El Khames in New Cairo city and the other campus is located in El Sheikh Zayed.
The University offers two types of programs, an Egyptian program in which Students gain the Egyptian bachelor's degree accredited from both the Supreme Council of Universities and the Ministry of Higher Education, and the Dual program where students earn both the Egyptian bachelor's degree accredited from the Supreme Council of Universities and the Ministry of Higher Education, and the Canadian bachelor's degree from Cape Breton University according to the Field of Study.
Canadian International College offers its students the opportunity to travel and study in Canada for one semester, one full year through its Exchange programs with Cape Breton University in Nova Scotia, Canada or to transfer and continue their studies completely through the Transfer program.
# Svitlana Mankova

Svitlana Kostiantynivna Mankova (Ukrainian: Світлана Костянтинівна Манькова, born December 1, 1962, in Sverdlovsk, Soviet Union) is a former Ukrainian handball player who competed for the Soviet Union in the 1988 Summer Olympics.
In 1988 she won the bronze medal with the Soviet team. She played three matches and scored one goal.
# Eleni Zaroulia

Eleni Zaroulia (Greek: Ελένη Ζαρούλια; born 21 May 1961) is a Greek ultranationalist activist and former politician of the Golden Dawn. She was first elected to parliament during the June 2012 Greek legislative election. Zaroulia was among those convicted in a mass trial of Golden Dawn politicians. She received a suspended sentence.

## Political involvements

On 1 October 2012, Zaroulia joined the Committee on Equality and Non-Discrimination of the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe. The Anti-Defamation League described this as "an affront to concepts of equality and non-discrimination".

## Personal life

She is the wife of Golden Dawn leader Nikolaos Michaloliakos. Their daughter Ourania was one of six people arrested during a motorcycle attack against immigrants; all six were later released.
# Keratosa

Keratosa, the keratose sponges or horny sponges, is a subclass of demosponges.
Keratosa sponges are nonspicular demosponges with organic spongin fibers forming flexible skeletons.
Recently discovered in the Andaman and Nicobar Islands, these sponges contribute to reef structures in tropical regions.
# Edgeland (album)

Edgeland is the debut solo album by Underworld member Karl Hyde. It was released on 19 April 2013 by Universal Music. The album debuted at number 117 on the UK Albums Chart.

## Critical reception

Professional ratings :
| Aggregate scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| Metacritic | 72/100 |
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic | |
| Clash | 7/10 |
| Digital Spy | |
| Drowned in Sound | 8/10 |
| Evening Standard | |
| Mojo | |
| musicOMH | |
| PopMatters | 7/10 |
| Record Collector | |
| Q | |
Edgeland received positive reviews from music critics. At Metacritic, which assigns a normalised rating out of 100 to reviews from mainstream critics, the album received an average score of 72, based on 11 reviews, which indicates "generally favorable reviews".

## Track listing

All tracks are written by Karl Hyde and Leo Abrahams

## Charts

Chart performance for Edgeland :
| Chart (2013) | Peak position |
| UK Albums (OCC) | 117 |
# Vaud franc

40 batz :
| Civic coat of arms. In exergue date (1812) | Soldier with pike and shield. In exergue value |
| AR (29.43 g) ||
The franc was the currency of the Swiss canton of Vaud between 1798 and 1850. It was subdivided into 10 batz, each of 10 rappes. The usual price unit was the Batz. It was worth 1⁄4th the French silver écu or 6.67 g fine silver.

## History

The Frank was the currency of the Helvetian Republic from 1798. The Helvetian Republic ceased issuing coins in 1803. Vaud issued coins between 1804 and 1834. In 1850, the Swiss franc was introduced, with an exchange rate of 1 Vaud franc = 1.4597 Swiss francs.

## Coins

Billon coins were issued in denominations of 1 and 2+1⁄2 rappes, 1⁄2 and 1 batz, with silver coins for 5, 10, 20 and 40 batz and 1 franc.
# Ortrand

Ortrand (pronunciation; Upper Sorbian: Wótrań, pronounced) is a town in the Oberspreewald-Lausitz district, in southern Brandenburg, Germany. It is situated 24 km southwest of Senftenberg, and 36 km north of Dresden.

## History

From 1815 to 1944, Ortrand was part of the Prussian Province of Saxony and from 1944 to 1945 of the Province of Halle-Merseburg. From 1947 to 1952 it was part of Saxony-Anhalt and from 1952 to 1990 of the Bezirk Cottbus of East Germany.

## Demography

| Year | Pop. | ±% p.a. |
| 1875 | 1,739 | — |
| 1890 | 1,793 | +0.20% |
| 1910 | 2,054 | +0.68% |
| 1925 | 2,288 | +0.72% |
| 1933 | 2,416 | +0.68% |
| 1939 | 2,574 | +1.06% |
| 1946 | 3,268 | +3.47% |
| 1950 | 3,259 | −0.07% |
| 1964 | 3,143 | −0.26% |
| 1971 | 3,152 | +0.04% |
| 1981 | 3,049 | −0.33% |
| 1985 | 3,070 | +0.17% |
| 1989 | 2,946 | −1.03% |
| 1990 | 2,839 | −3.63% |
| 1991 | 2,846 | +0.25% |
| 1992 | 2,802 | −1.55% |
| 1993 | 2,776 | −0.93% |
| 1994 | 2,744 | −1.15% |
| 1995 | 2,739 | −0.18% |
| 1996 | 2,740 | +0.04% |
| Year | Pop. | ±% p.a. |
| 1997 | 2,721 | −0.69% |
| 1998 | 2,716 | −0.18% |
| 1999 | 2,680 | −1.33% |
| 2000 | 2,634 | −1.72% |
| 2001 | 2,601 | −1.25% |
| 2002 | 2,570 | −1.19% |
| 2003 | 2,539 | −1.21% |
| 2004 | 2,544 | +0.20% |
| 2005 | 2,504 | −1.57% |
| 2006 | 2,430 | −2.96% |
| 2007 | 2,370 | −2.47% |
| 2008 | 2,316 | −2.28% |
| 2009 | 2,295 | −0.91% |
| 2010 | 2,265 | −1.31% |
| 2011 | 2,257 | −0.35% |
| 2012 | 2,213 | −1.95% |
| 2013 | 2,196 | −0.77% |
| 2014 | 2,164 | −1.46% |
| 2015 | 2,154 | −0.46% |
| 2016 | 2,144 | −0.46% |

## Sons and daughters of the town

* Paul Lindau (1881-1945), sculptor
* Lutz Heßlich (born 1959), track racing cyclist, Olympic champion 1980 and 1988
* Gloria Siebert (born 1964), hurdler
# Stringmusic

Stringmusic is a musical composition for string orchestra by the American composer Morton Gould. It was commissioned by the National Symphony Orchestra and was premiered at the Kennedy Center by the NSO on March 10, 1994. The piece is dedicated to the conductor Mstislav Rostropovich upon his leave.
Unanimously recommended by the jury, Stringmusic was awarded the Pulitzer Prize for Music in 1995.
"A large-scale suite, or serenade, for string orchestra, comprising five movements[:]" "Prelude", "Tango", "Dirge", "Ballad", "Strum".

## Sources

* ↑ Hill, Brad (2006). Classical, p.217. ISBN 978-0-8160-5311-7.
* ↑ Elizabeth A. Brennan, Elizabeth C. Clarage (1999). Who's who of Pulitzer Prize winners, p.451. ISBN 978-1-57356-111-2.
* ↑ Heinz Dietrich Fischer, Erika J. Fischer (2001). Musical Composition Awards 1943-1999: From Aaron Copland and Samuel Barber to Gian-Carlo Menotti and Melinda Wagner, p.xlvi. ISBN 978-3-598-30185-8.
* ↑ "Morton Gould: Stringmusic", G. Schirmer Inc.
* This article about a classical composition is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
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# MonStar

"MonStAR" is a CD single by Japanese singer and voice actress Aya Hirano. It was released on December 5, 2007 and was produced by Lantis. This is Aya Hirano's sixth maxi single and her third and last release from her three-month consecutive single release campaign.

## Track listing

* "MonStAR"
** Vocals: Aya Hirano
** Lyrics: meg rock
** Composer: Katsuhiko Kurosu
** Arranger: nishi-ken
* "Love Song"
* "MonStAR" (off vocal)
* "Love Song" (off vocal)