OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Caracol River (Rio Grande do Sul)

The Caracol River Portuguese: Arroio Caracol is a river in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. It is a tributary of the Caí River.
The Caracol River is known for the dramatic Caracol Falls, a major tourist attraction. The 100 hectares (250 acres) Caracol State Park, established in 1973, protects the environment around the falls.
# Sværholtklubben

Sværholtklubben (Norwegian) or Spierta (Northern Sami) is a mountain and bird cliff located at the tip of the Sværholt peninsula, situated between Porsangerfjorden and Laksefjorden in Nordkapp Municipality and Lebesby Municipality in Finnmark county, Norway. Rising approximately 170 metres (560 ft) high, Sværholtklubben has steep and precipitous sides.

## Etymology

The name Sværholtklubben derives from the nearby abandoned village of Sværholt, positioned just south of the mountain.

## History

During World War II, Sværholtklubben served as a strategic defense location for the Germans. In May 1942, they established the Heeres Küsten Batterie Svaerholtklubben 1/971, which included six 14.5 centimetres (5.7 in) guns capable of firing at targets up to 19 kilometres (12 mi) away. These heavy defense facilities played a crucial role during the wartime period.

## Avian Life

It hosts one of the largest breeding colonies of kittiwakes in the entire Finnmark region. The cliff's slanted shale layers create a series of ledges that ascend into the mountainside, providing an ideal nesting environment for tens of thousands of birds. Among the avian species found here are razorbills, guillemots, and white-tailed eagles. Due to its large amount of avian life and ecological importance, the bird cliff and the surrounding marine area were designated as the Sværholtklubben Nature Reserve in 1983.
# L. Adaikalaraj

L. Adaikalaraj was an Indian politician and former Member of Parliament elected from Tamil Nadu. He was elected to the Lok Sabha from Tiruchirappalli constituency as an Indian National Congress candidate in 1984, 1989 and 1991 elections and as a Tamil Maanila Congress (Moopanar) candidate in 1996 election.
# Federazione Nazionale Statali

The National State Federation (Italian: Federazione Nazionale Statali, FNS) was a trade union representing civil servants in Italy.
The union was founded in 1945, and affiliated to the recently formed Italian General Confederation of Labour. By 1954, it had 68,699 members. In 1980, it merged with the National Federation of Local Authority and Healthcare Workers and the Italian Federation of Public Sector Workers, to form Public Function.

## General Secretaries

    1945: Cesare Pilia
    1955: Ugo Vetere
    1971: Antonio De Angelis
# National Parks and Access to the Countryside Act 1949

The National Parks and Access to the Countryside Act 1949 (12, 13 & 14 Geo. 6. c. 97) is an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom which created the National Parks Commission which later became the Countryside Commission and then the Countryside Agency, which became Natural England when it merged with English Nature in 2006. The Act provided the framework for the creation of National Parks and Areas of Outstanding Natural Beauty in England and Wales, and also addressed public rights of way and access to open land.

## Background

The Act was passed in 1949 with all-party support, as part of the reconstruction of the UK by the Labour government after World War II.
The Act followed reports by:
* a government committee chaired by Christopher Addison (later Viscount Addison) in 1931,
* John Dower, secretary of the Standing Committee on National Parks, to the Minister of Town and Country Planning in 1945, and
* a government committee chaired by Sir Arthur Hobhouse in 1947, which proposed 12 national parks.

## National parks

The first 10 British national parks were designated as such in the 1950s under the Act in mostly poor-quality agricultural upland. An eleventh 'national park' in the Norfolk and Suffolk Broads was set up by a special Act of Parliament, the Norfolk and Suffolk Broads Act, in 1988. Strictly speaking, this is not a national park, but the differences are sufficiently small that this entity is always regarded as being "equivalent to" a national park. The New Forest was designated a national park on 1 March 2005. The South Downs, the last of the 12 areas chosen in the 1947 Hobhouse Report, was designated as South Downs National Park by the Secretary of State Hilary Benn in March 2009, making 15 national parks in total.

## Amendments

The structure set up by the National Parks and Access to the Countryside Act 1949 was amended by:
* the Environmental Protection Act 1990, which created the Nature Conservancy Council (which later became Natural England and transferred functions of the Countryside Commission in Wales to the Countryside Council for Wales)
* the Environment Act 1995, under which each national park is now operated by its own National Park Authority
* the Countryside and Rights of Way Act 2000, under which AONBs are now designated
Further amendments are made by the Natural Environment and Rural Communities Act 2006, under which English Nature, the Countryside Agency and the Rural Development Service merged on 1 October 2006 to form new bodies called Natural England and the Commission for Rural Communities.
# Qaleh-ye Samur Khan

Qaleh-ye Samur Khan (Persian: قلعه ثمورخان, also Romanized as Qalʿeh-ye Samūr Khān) is a village in Valanjerd Rural District, in the Central District of Borujerd County, Lorestan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 185, in 46 families.
# Quinta da Boa Hora

The Estate of Boa Hora (Portuguese: Quinta da Boa Hora) is an agricultural property and manor house in the civil parish of Terra Chã, municipality of Angra do Heroísmo, in the Portuguese archipelago of the Azores.

## History

For many centuries the estate was the personal residence of the Barcelos dynasty, a family of landed gentry and rich merchants.
It was the home of Isidro Barcelos Bettencourt, a Portuguese politician and party member of the PNR Partido Nacional Republicano (National Republican Party) in Angra do Heroísmo, and functionary of the Portuguese government.

## Architecture

The manorhouse is a large two-story building or considerable dimensions, with patio and garden (oriented to the east) containing various exotic plants of considerable dimensions and age. The buildings also include a private chapel.
This signeurial building, with austere facade, is also marked by various flourishes, including the obvious pinnacle over the main gate of sculpted stone.
# Qaracallı, Qubadli

Qaracallı (Garajally) is a village in the Qubadli District of Azerbaijan.

## History

The village was located in the Armenian-occupied territories surrounding Nagorno-Karabakh, coming under the control of ethnic Armenian forces during the First Nagorno-Karabakh War in the early 1990s. The village subsequently became part of the breakaway Republic of Artsakh as part of its Kashatagh Province, referred to as Martunashen (Armenian: Մարտունաշեն). It was captured by Azerbaijan on November 4, 2020 during the 2020 Nagorno-Karabakh war.
# Emanuela Felici

Emanuela Felici (born 22 December 1980 in Borgo Maggiore) is a Sammarinese sport shooter. She represented her nation San Marino in two editions of the Olympic Games (2000 and 2004), finishing seventh each in the process. Considered one of the world's top female trap shooters, Felici pocketed two career bronze medals at the 2002 European Championships in Lonato del Garda, Italy, and at the 2007 ISSF World Cup Series in Maribor, Slovenia.

## Biography

Felici made her official debut at the 2000 Summer Olympics in Sydney, where she wound up to seventh in the inaugural women's trap with a score of 64 hits, narrowly missing a spot for the final round by just a single point behind Russia's Yelena Tkach. Felici was also appointed by the San Marino Olympic Committee (Italian: Comitato Olimpico Nazionale Sammarinese) to carry the national flag in the opening ceremony.
At the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens, Felici qualified for her second Sammarinese squad, as a 23-year-old, in the women's trap by finishing ninth and securing an Olympic ticket from the 2003 ISSF World Cup series in Granada, Spain. She amassed a total score of 60 hits out of 75 targets in the qualifying stage, but fell abruptly in a shoot-off for the final round against South Korean shooter and eventual bronze medalist Lee Bo-na by 2 to 1, matching her position from the previous Games in the process.
# Tadevos Hakobyan

Tadevos Khachaturi Hakobyan (Armenian: Թադևոս Խաչատուրի Հակոբյան; 15 June 1917 – 15 October 1989) was a Soviet Armenian historian and geographer.

## Biography

Hakobyan was born in 1917 in the village of Lernadzor, now in Armenia's southern province of Syunik. In 1940, he graduated from the Faculty of Geography and Geology of Yerevan State University (YSU). In 1942–43, he fought in the Eastern Front of World War II. He was the dean of the YSU's Faculty of Geography in 1955–57 and 1963–65. He then served as the chair of that department from 1962 to 1986. Most of his work was focused on the historical geography of Armenia. Together with Stepan Melik-Bakhshyan and Hovhannes Barseghyan, he authored the monumental five-volume Dictionary of Toponomy of Armenia and Adjacent Territories (Հայաստանի և հարակից շրջանների տեղանունների բառարան). He also authored several textbooks.

## Selected works

* Syunikʻi tʻagavorut'yuně: Patma-ashkharhagrakan aṛumov Սյունիքի թագավորությունը․ Պատմա-աշխարհագրական առումով [The kingdom of Syunik: In historical-geographical context] (in Armenian). Yerevan: Mitkʻ. 1966.
* Hayastani patmakan ashkharhagrutʻyun Հայաստանի պատմական աշխարհագրություն [Historical geography of Armenia] (in Armenian). Yerevan: Mitkʻ. 1968.
* Erevani patmutʻyuně Երևանի պատմությունը [The history of Yerevan] (in Armenian). Yerevan University Press. 1959–1971. 4 vols.
* Ocherk istorii Erevana Очерк истории Еревана [Outline of the history of Yerevan] (in Russian). Yerevan University Press. 1977.
* Hay zhoghovrdi patmutʻyan hisharzhan vayrerě Հայ ժողովրդի պատմության հիշարժան վայրերը [Memorable locations of the history of the Armenian people] (in Armenian). Yerevan: Luys. 1978.
* Anii patmutʻyun Անիի պատմություն [History of Ani] (in Armenian). Yerevan University Press. 1980–1982. 2 vols.
* Ani - stolitsa srednevekovoĭ Armenii. Istoriia sudʹby gorodishcha Ани - столица средневековой Армении. История и судьба городища [Ani: The capital of medieval Armenia. The history and destiny of the settlement] (in Russian). Yerevan University Press. 1985.
* Hayastani ev harakitsʻ shrjanneri teghanunneri baṛaran Հայաստանի և հարակից շրջանների տեղանունների բառարան [Dictionary of Toponomy of Armenia and Adjacent Territories] (in Armenian). Co-authored with Stepan Melik-Bakhshyan and Hovhannes Barseghyan. Yerevan University Press. 1986–2001.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: others (link) 5 vols.
* Patmakan Hayastani kʻaghakʻnerě Պատմական Հայաստանի քաղաքները [Cities of historic Armenia] (in Armenian). Yerevan: Hayastan. 1987.
* Ani mayrakʻaghakʻ Անի մայրաքաղաք [Ani the capital] (in Armenian). Yerevan University Press. 1988.
# Paghaghbyur

41°10′45″N 44°07′08″E﻿ / ﻿41.17917°N 44.11889°E﻿ / 41.17917; 44.11889
Paghaghbyur (Armenian: Պաղաղբյուր; Azerbaijani: Soyuqbulaq) is a village in the Lori Province of Armenia. The village was populated by Azerbaijanis before the exodus of Azerbaijanis from Armenia after the outbreak of the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict. In 1988-1989 Armenian refugees from Azerbaijan settled in the village.
# Hacısamlı

Hacısamlı (Hajisamly) is a village in the Lachin District of Azerbaijan.

## History

The village was located in the Armenian-occupied territories surrounding Nagorno-Karabakh, coming under the control of ethnic Armenian forces during the First Nagorno-Karabakh War in the early 1990s. The village subsequently became part of the breakaway Republic of Artsakh as part of its Kashatagh Province, where it was known as Vazgenashen (Armenian: Վազգենաշեն). It was returned to Azerbaijan as part of the 2020 Nagorno-Karabakh ceasefire agreement.

## Historical heritage sites

Historical heritage sites in and around the village include a 15th/16th-century cemetery with khachkars, thirteen 15th/16th-century khachkars, a 15th/16th-century church, the 15th/16th-century rock-cut khachkar of Vazgenashen (Վազգենաշեն), and the 17th/18th-century bridge of Kotrats (Armenian: Կոտրած).
# Cardona (surname)

Cardona is a Spanish/Catalan surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Andrea Cardona (born 1982), Guatemalan mountain climber
* Benjamín Cardona (born 1957), Colombian footballer
* Carlos Cardona (born 1974), Colombian businessman
* Edwin Cardona (born 1992), Colombian footballer
* George Cardona, American linguist and Indologist
* Germán Cardona Gutiérrez (born 1956), Colombian politician
* Jaime Cardona (died 1466), Spanish cardinal
* Javier Cardona (born 1975), American baseball player
* José Cardona (1939–2013), Honduran footballer
* José Miró Cardona (1902–1974), Cuban politician
* Juan Carlos Cardona (born 1974), Colombian long-distance runner
* Julian Cardona (born 1990), Puerto Rican footballer
* Julián Cardona, Colombian cyclist
* Hélène Cardona, Poet, linguist, literary translator and actor
* Leonardo Cardona (born 1971), Colombian cyclist
* Manuel Cardona (1974-2014), Spanish physicist
* Manolo Cardona (born 1977), Colombian actor
* Marcel Cardona, Belizean politician
* Maria Cardona (born 1966), American political strategist and commentator
* Maria de Cardona (1509-1563), Italian noblewoman
* María de los Angeles Cardona (1940-1991), Spanish biologist
* Mark Cardona (born 1981), Filipino basketball player
* Matt Cardona (born 1985), American professional wrestler
* Milton Cardona, Puerto Rican musician
* Paul Cardona (1953–2023), Gozitan priest
* Pepe Cardona (died 2020), American pop-rock singer, member of the band Alive 'N Kickin'
* Prudencio Cardona (1951–2019), Colombian boxer
* René Cardona Jr. (1939–2003), Mexican film director and actor
* Ricardo Cardona (chef), American chef
* Ricardo Cardona (boxer) (1952–2015), Colombian boxer
* Robert D. Cardona (born 1930), American writer
* Salvador Cardona (1901–1985), Spanish cyclist
* Santos Cardona (1974–2009), United States Army soldier
* Trinidad Cardona (born 1999), American singer and songwriter
* Virginia Cardona (born 1967), Spanish volleyball player
# Hojjati

Hojjati (Persian: حجتي, also Romanized as Ḩojjatī) is a village in Rigan Rural District, in the Central District of Rigan County, Kerman Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 28, in 5 families.
# Francis Su

Francis Edward Su is an American mathematician. He joined the Harvey Mudd College faculty in 1996, and is currently Benediktsson-Karwa Professor of Mathematics. Su served as president of the Mathematical Association of America from 2015–2017 and is serving as a Vice President of the American Mathematical Society from 2020-2023. Su has received multiple awards from the MAA, including the Henry L. Alder Award and a Deborah and Franklin Haimo Award for Distinguished College or University Teaching of Mathematics, both for distinguished teaching. He was also a Phi Beta Kappa Visiting Scholar during the 2019-2020 term. He was elected as a Fellow of the American Mathematical Society, in the 2025 class of fellows.
Su received his B.S. in Mathematics from the University of Texas, graduating Phi Beta Kappa in 1989. He went on to receive his Ph.D. from Harvard University, where his advisor was Persi Diaconis. His research area is combinatorics, and he is particularly known for his work on fair division.
Su and Michael Starbird are co-authors of the book Topology Through Inquiry. His book, Mathematics for Human Flourishing, was released on 7 January 2020. The latter book is based on his speech of the same title, delivered Jan 6, 2017 at the Joint Math Meetings. He won the Halmos-Ford Award for Distinguished Writing in 2018 for that speech. Three of his articles have been featured on "The Princeton Anthology of the Best Writing in Mathematics" in the years 2011, 2014, and 2018. In 2021 he received the Euler Book Prize jointly with Christopher Jackson.

## Selected publications

* Starbird, Michael; Su, Francis (2019). Topology Through Inquiry. American Mathematical Society. ISBN 978-1-4704-5276-6.
* Su, Francis (2020). Mathematics for Human Flourishing. With Reflections by Christopher Jackson. Yale University Press. ISBN 9780300237139.
# New Artsakh Alliance

The New Artsakh Alliance (Armenian: Նոր Արցախ դաշինք) was an Armenian political alliance in Artsakh.

## History

The New Artsakh Alliance was established on 29 January, 2020 during a conference in Stepanakert.
The political alliance consists of several liberal parties; supporting the independent presidential candidacy of Artsakh foreign minister Masis Mayilyan. The alliance consists of the Artsakh of Tomorrow Party, the Identity and Unity Party, and the Ramkavar Liberal Party of Artsakh. The administrative bodies of the three political parties reaffirmed the stances of their respective parties and had pledged their support to Masis Mayilyan in the 2020 Artsakhian general election. In return, Mayilyan expressed his deep gratitude to the three political parties for their support and stressed that if elected, he would implement radical reform programs to benefit Artsakh. Meanwhile, the Powerful United Homeland Party endorsed the New Artsakh Alliance.
Prior to the election, Masis Mayilyan as well as representatives of the alliance announced that they would cease all campaigning and shut down the party's headquarters due to health and safety concerns from the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic.

## Ideology

The party's principle ideology is liberalism. Party leaders advocated for the government of Artsakh to tackle the internal and external challenges facing the country, the improvement of public life and to protect democracy and civil rights of citizens' within the state.

## Electoral record

Following the 2020 election, the alliance gained just 4.60% of the votes after the first round of voting. The alliance failed to gain any seats in the National Assembly. Following the election, the alliance released a statement criticizing the decision to allow the election to go ahead during a global pandemic. The alliance also stated that serious violations were registered during the national elections which influenced the free will of citizens. Currently, the alliance acts as an extra-parliamentary force.
# Eduard Arakelyan

Eduard Arakelyan (Armenian: Էդուարդ Առաքելյան; February 28, 1950) is an Armenian painter.

## Early life

Arakelyan was born February 28, 1950, in Gyumri (previously Leninakan), Armenia.

## Education

Arakelyan graduated from Children's Artistic Academy in 1965 and was accepted to Art School of Panos Terlemezian in 1966.
After that he continued his education in Artist-Actor Institute majoring in design. During these years he had many personal exhibitions, received many awards and has been awarded many medals for being an outstanding student.

## Career

From 1978 to September 1998, he taught at the Art School of Panos Terlemezian. In 1981 he became a member of the Armenian Youth Artist's section. During the 80s he also had many exhibitions. An exhibition of Armenian Water Paint Masters was opened in Poland in 1988, where his painting “White Roses” brought excitement to everybody.
In the exhibition the Japanese computer system was pointed to the painting, which exploded in music and colors. For that painting, and for others also, he was awarded prizes.
He was accepted to the USSR's Union of Artists in 1988. In 1994 he visited Sweden and was painting there for two months.
Eduard Arakelyan's paintings are now being a part of personal belongings of people living in Australia, Hungary, Russia, Sweden, Canada and United States. His paintings are in different galleries of Republics of USSR and countries of Europe.
From 1994 to 1998 he participated in a series of exhibitions of Russia, Georgia and Armenia.
Since 1991 he is a member of the World's Union of Professional Artists of UNESCO. Since September 1998 he resides in New York City.
In December 1998 he participated in Monica Goldstrom's gallery favorable exhibition dedicated to Long Island's Breast Cancer foundation.
Now Eduard Arakelyan's paintings are in Royal Design Connection gallery in California.
# FS Class ETR 240

The ETR 240 (Italian: ElettroTreno Rapido 240; meaning Fast Electric Train, series 240) is an Italian electric multiple unit (EMU) introduced in the 1980s.

## Development

In the 1930s, the Italian state railways, Ferrovie dello Stato, electrified the main line Milan-Bologna-Florence-Rome-Naples and needed a fast train to use on it and on other newly electrified ones. The first ETR 200 was built by Società Italiana Ernesto Breda, (now AnsaldoBreda), in 1936, with three cars on four bogies, two of which had a single T 62-R-100 motor while the others were provided with two similar motors each. The ETR 200 entered in service in 1937. In the early 1960s the remaining sixteen ETR 200 units were converted to ETR 220 by adding a fourth car and other changes.
The ETR 240 entered in service in the late 1980s and remained in service until the late 1990s and were used for charter trains up and in the Civitavecchia -Rome line.
There were obtained by modification (mainly in interior trims and contents) of 6 of ETR220 (AV version).
# United Platform

The United Platform (Portuguese: Plataforma Unida, PU) was a political alliance in Guinea-Bissau.

## History

The PU was established in 2003 as an alliance of the Democratic Convergence Party, the Democratic Front, the Democratic Social Front, FLING and the Solidarity and Work Party, and was led by Hélder Vaz Lopes, a former leader of the Resistance of Guinea-Bissau-Bafatá Movement. A co-founder was his cousin Zinha Vaz.
The alliance received 4.5% of the vote in the 2004 parliamentary elections, but failed to win a seat. The PU did not nominate a candidate for the 2005 presidential elections, but supported runner-up Malam Bacai Sanhá of the PAIGC. The PU was dissolved before the 2008 parliamentary elections.
# Social Democratic Union of Bosnia and Herzegovina

The Social Democratic Union of Bosnia and Herzegovina (Bosnian: Socijaldemokratska unija Bosne i Hercegovine, SDU BiH) was a plural social-democratic political party in Bosnia and Herzegovina. In 2018 it merged into Independent BH List.
After a slow start in political activity in the first years after its foundation in 2002, the SDU has had a remarkable growth both in terms of members and importance on the political stage of Bosnia-Herzegovina in recent years. Its most successful year was in 2012 when it won a record number of seats in the local elections.
Their success continued as their chair member Dr. Ivo Komšić got elected as Mayor of Sarajevo on 27 March 2013.

## History

The SDU BiH was set up with the goal of overriding serious weaknesses of social democracy and the crisis in social democratic establishment in Bosnia-Herzegovina. After the general elections of 2002 a group of high-ranking officials of Social Democratic party (SDP) after struggle to reform the rigid views on political and organization issues in SDP, decided to leave the party and formed a new political party – Social Democratic union of BIH. The main idea of founding SDU BiH was to preserve and affirm Bosnia and Herzegovina as a sovereign, constitutional, democratic state whose borders are inviolable, whose life space was ethnical inseparable, and whose prosperity was in The European Union and in Euro-Atlantic integration.
SDU's main political activities and aims were in the development of constitutional democracy, affirmation of constitutional patriotism and the cherishing of cultural, religious and national identities of all Bosnian-Herzegovinian citizens. They are supported an idea of stronger political identification with Bosnia and Herzegovina as a homeland for all nationals of the country.
The presidency and upper leadership of the party consisted of prominent Bosnian personalities from the political sphere of Bosnia and Herzegovina. Some of the members included Stjepan Kljuić, Nijaz Duraković, Ivo Komšić, Miro Lazović and Emir Zlatar.