OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Kawala

The kāwālā (Arabic: كاوالا‎ or كولة‎; also called salamiya, سلامية‎) is an end-blown cane flute used in Arabic music. It is similar to the ney but has six finger holes, while the ney has seven (including one in the back). The kawala comes in up to nine different sizes, according to the maqam.
Though very similar to the ney, a highly popular flute in traditional Middle Eastern music, the kawala does not have a hole in the back as the ney does. The kawala has the fundamental tonal structure customary among the Egyptian folk music community, and the basis for many folk melodies, instrumental or vocal.
The kawala is hollow and has four knots, with six fingerholes in a straight line along it. The instrument has up to nine different sizes, according to the scale required in a musical composition. Most often played today at religious festivals and weddings, it has its origin as a shepherds tool, used to guide their flock. For this reason the seems to assist in any musical composition that contains a “call-and-response” sequence.

## Players

Ahmed El Arnab is considered one of the most prestigious kawala players in Egypt and worldwide. Living in a small village of Sharqia governorate in Egypt, he has been traveling worldwide playing with many Egyptian Sufi singers, including Sheikh Yassine Al-Tohamy and other western composers. He also regularly participates in national folklore carnivals (Mawlid) all over Egypt. He is one of the oldest surviving players in Egypt whose unique signature is the ability to produce various sound effects on the instrument using the circular breathing technique.
Ibrahim Shahin – who used to play in Mawawil – was another well-known Egyptian kawala player. He was an internationally travelled musician who once played regularly at events in his village and at larger shows in Egypt.

## Production

The maker of the kawala selects his reeds while they are still in the earth, and scoops out the inside, hollowing them out so that they stop growing taller but instead grow thicker and harder. The reeds are left in the earth until they are ripe for harvest, at which point they are culled and left in the sun to dry out completely. Then comes the stage of dividing each stalk into segments of four knots each, starting at the thinner end, so that a musician gets (in order) a leading pipe and a following pipe in a 1:2 ratio (two follower pipes for each leader). The maker is careful to select the leader and its follower from the same stalk so as to ensure uniformity in the color of the tone. The internal divisions that divide the reed into chambers at each knot from the inside are then removed, resulting in a hollow pipe open at both ends. Any excess is then trimmed away, together with the remainder of the internal divisions, for a smooth, even interior texture.
# Sidi Yusuf ibn Ali Sanhaji

Sidi Yusuf ibn 'Ali as-Sanhaji (Arabic: سيدي يوسف بن علي الصنهاجي) is a wali (Muslim mystic or saint) who was born in Marrakesh, Morocco and died there in 1196 CE. He is considered one of the Seven Saints of Marrakesh, and one of the administrative divisions of Marrakesh is named after him.

## Biography

Yusuf ibn 'Ali was born in Marrakesh to a family of yemeni origin and lived in the city his whole life. He studied under Sheikh Abu 'Usfur. He was afflicted at a young age with leprosy, for which he was allegedly banished from his family and from living in the city. He took up residence in a nearby cave or in a hollow that he dug himself, in the lepers' quarter outside the southern city gate of Bab Aghmat. Despite his ill health, he lived longer than anyone expected and many began to believe he possessed powers to resist hunger and disease. Locals came to visit him in his cave seeking guidance, and he came to be known also as Mul al-Ghar (meaning roughly "Man of the Cave"). He died in 1196 CE and was buried in or near the cave where he lived.

## Legacy

Yusuf ibn 'Ali's reputation grew over time and he became one of the most celebrated of the many awliya ("saints") of his native city. In the 16th century the Saadian sultan Moulay Abdallah al-Ghalib built a mausoleum and zawiya over the cave where he was buried. The sultan's reasons for this are unclear but may have been a conciliatory gesture over his displacement of the leprous population from Bab Aghmat to Bab Doukkala.$^{:378–379}$ Later on, he was counted among the "Seven Saints" of Marrakesh and his tomb became the first stop in a yearly pilgrimage, or ziyara (Arabic: زيارة), instituted by the Alaouite sultan Moulay Isma'il in the late 17th and early 18th century. Today, the neighbourhood and suburb around the mausoleum is part of the local prefecture of Sidi Youssef Ben Ali, named after the saint.
# Sandon (philosopher)

Sandon (Greek: Σάνδων; 1st century BC) is an Orphic philosopher mentioned in the Suda. He is described briefly as a son of Hellanikos. He has been identified with the Sandon of Tarsus mentioned by Pseudo-Lucian in the essay Macrobii ("Long Lives"), who was the father of Athenodorus (the Stoic philosopher and the tutor of Augustus Caesar). His father Hellanicus may have been the Orphic philosopher of the late 2nd century mentioned by Damascius.
# Takala (surname)

Takala is a Finnish surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Juho Takala (1902–1982), Finnish schoolteacher and politician
* Tuomas Takala (born 1984), Finnish ice hockey player
* Tuuli Takala (born 1987), Finnish classical singer and operatic soprano
* Eufenio Takala, king of Sigave
# Władysław Blin

Władysław Blin (Belarusian: Уладзіслаў Блін, Uladzislaw Blin, born May 31, 1954) was Bishop of the diocese of Vitebsk, the Catholic diocese centered in the city of Vitebsk, Belarus.

## Life in Poland

He was born May 31, 1954, in Poland, in Świdwin (Western Pomerania) in a Polish family, which immigrated after World War II to post-war Poland from the town of Zadoroże [pl] of the pre-war Wilno Voivodeship of Eastern Poland, annexed after the war by the Soviet Union (now Zadarožža [be], Hłybokaje District, Vitebsk Region). Later the family moved to the village of Ślesin, where Władysław Blin spent his childhood. Władysław Blin chosen path in life early Catholic priest. He was in Poland spiritual Catholic education, he graduated from the Higher Theological Seminary in Włocławek, in the same May 25, 1980, by Jan Zaręba, bishop of Włocławek, was ordained a priest. Władyslaw Blin continued his education at the Catholic University of Lublin and the Academy of Catholic Theology in Warsaw (now the University of Cardinal Stefan Wyszynski in Warsaw).

## Living in Belarus

In 1989, when the Soviet Union lifted restrictions on religious life, he moved to the historic homeland of his family to Belarus, where he was appointed rector of the Catholic parish in Mogilev. He founded the first in the entire region of Mogilev Catholic parish, the Church had secured the return of the church of the Ascension of the Virgin Mary and St. Stanislaus, where he became abbot. In 1998, he received a doctorate in theological science. His doctoral work was devoted to St. Joseph. On October 13, 1999, he was appointed the first bishop of the newly formed diocese of Vitiebsk, and was consecrated on November 20, 1999. The principal consecrator was cardinal Kazimierz Swiatek. As his episcopal motto, Blin chose the phrase Soli Deo. On June 14, 2006, he was elected deputy chairman of the Conference of Catholic Bishops of Belarus. He is Chairman of the Ecumenical Commission and the Commission's general pastoral bishops in Belarus.
The Pope accepted his resignation from the diocese on February 25, 2013.
# Joe Green (squash player)

Joe Green (born 6 December 1994 in Watford) is an English professional squash player. As of February 2018, he was ranked number 114 in the world.
# Karol Lanckoroński

Count Karol Lanckoroński (German: Karl Lanckoronski) (born 4 November 1848 in Vienna; died 15 July 1933 in Vienna) was a Polish writer, art collector, patron, historian, traveler, and vice-president of the Society for Cultural Protection in his native Galicia. He was one of the wealthiest and most cultivated magnates in Austrian partition of Poland and in the whole of the Austro-Hungarian Empire. He was a member of the Polish Academy of Learning.

## Biography

Count Lanckoroński studied art history and law, but because of his family's wealth never had to work for a living. In 1882 he participated with Otto Benndorf in an expedition to Lycia in Turkey. In 1885–86 he organised his own exploratory mission to Pamphylia and Pisidia. Further travels took him to East Asia, where he was accompanied by the painter Hans Makart, as well as Spain and Portugal.
He kept his enormous art collection in his city palace in Vienna, the Palais Lanckoronski.
He was Grand Steward to the emperor Franz Joseph I of Austria. After World War I, he spent more time at his family estate in Galicia, in newly independent Poland. He became engaged in art conservation.
He was the father of Countess Karolina Lanckorońska, who became a well-known historian and Polish anti-Nazi resistance fighter during the German occupation of Poland.

## Coat of Arms

* ↑ "History of the Lanckorońskis". Lanckoroński Foundation. Retrieved 27 December 2023.
# Joe Heath

Joseph Heath (born 4 October 1988) is an English footballer who plays for Vauxhall Motors. A defender, Heath plays primarily as a left back.
Despite being a Liverpool fan, Heath was signed by Manchester United as a schoolboy. After being released by United, he signed for Nottingham Forest.
Heath made his full first team debut in August 2008 in a 4–0 League Cup win against Morecambe. He made his Championship debut in a 2–1 defeat to Burnley at the City Ground. In total, Heath made 12 first team appearances during the 2008–2009 season.
On 26 June 2009, Heath signed for Lincoln City on an initial six-month loan deal. However, the need for a hernia operation restricted Heath to just five league and cup appearances for the club before he returned to the City Ground on the completion of his loan. On 19 January 2010 he agreed to leave Forest by mutual consent. On 8 February 2010, along with James Reid, he began a one-week trial with Exeter City. In November 2010 Heath joined Hereford United on-loan initially for a month but this was later extended until the end of the season. He signed a two-year deal to stay at Hereford in June 2011 following his release from Exeter City. In the summer of 2013, Heath joined Chester. He spend the 2014–15 season with West Kirby of the West Cheshire Association Football League, scoring as the club secured the Cheshire FA Amateur Cup with a 4–3 victory over Rudheuth Social on 10 April 2015.
Heath then signed for Runcorn Town.
He later joined Welsh Premier League side Connah's Quay Nomads and signed with the club as a full-time professional.
He then joined Vauxhall Motors, where as well as playing, he was assistant manager gaining two promotions. He also took over as interim manager for a month during the 2023/24 season.
Heath is now U16 head coach and U18 assistant at Perth Glory in the West of Australia.
# Kannika Sitthipaet

Kannika Sitthipaet (Thai: กรรณิกา สิทธิแพทย์; (born (1994-08-03)3 August 1994) is a Thai volleyball player. She was part of the Thailand U-20 women's national volleyball team.

## Club

* Ayutthaya A.T.C.C (2012–2015)
* Khonkaen Star (2015–present)

## Awards
### Clubs

* 2014 Thai–Denmark Super League - Champion, with Ayutthaya A.T.C.C
* 2015 Thai–Denmark Super League - Third, with Idea Khonkaen
* 2016 Thai–Denmark Super League - Third, with Idea Khonkaen
* 2019 Thai–Denmark Super League - Third, with Thai-Denmark Khonkaen Star
* 2020 Thailand League – Runner-up, with Khonkaen Star
# Dinosauria Park

Dinosauria Park (Greek: Ο Κόσμος των Δεινοσαύρων, O Kosmos ton Dinosauron) is a dinosaur park located near the town of Gournes in Crete, Greece, 15 kilometres (9.3 mi) east of the city of Heraklion. The park features some fossil replicas and several animatronic dinosaur models. Dinosaur models are displayed along an approximately 500 metres (1,600 ft) long walk, each accompanied by an information board.
The Dinosauria Park started as an idea in 2013 and was first housed in Gournes Δekk, located in the former American base. It displayed 30 different dinosaur species from all periods of the Mesozoic era and other prehistoric animals.
In 2014 the exhibits were transferred to their own space, in which they were displayed in what would have been their natural environment. New species of dinosaurs were added, along with new sections, such as a "dinosaur hospital", depicting the hatching of a dinosaur egg. A "5D" cinema screen shows films to visitors.
# Gladys Block

Gladys Block is a nutrition researcher who worked at the National Cancer Institute.

## Education and career

From July 1991 onward, Block worked at the University of California, Berkeley as a professor (and subsequently professor emerita) of Community Health and Human Development in the School of Public Health.
In 1993 she founded NutritionQuest which produces assessments of diet and physical activity for researchers.

## Block FFQ

During her time at the National Cancer Institute (1982 to 1991), Block developed a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) that would later come to be known as the Block FFQ. The approach to questionnaire design was first described in a paper co-authored with Hartman, Dresser, Carroll, Gannon, and Gardner in 1986. Research by Block, Potosky, and Clifford on validation of the questionnaire was published in 1990.
After leaving the National Cancer Institute in 1991, Block continued to work on the FFQ, offering it through the company, NutritionQuest, that she founded in 1993. Subsequent released versions include the Block 95 and Block 98 FFQs. A web version was also released and validated.
The Block FFQ has been used in third-party research and has also been the subject of validation and comparison studies.
The Block FFQ is the earliest of the currently widely used FFQs in the United States. Other semi-quantitative FFQs include the Diet History Questionnaire (DHQ) and NHANES (also developed at the National Cancer Institute) and the Harvard FFQ, developed by a team at Harvard University led by Walter Willett.

## Work
### Vitamins

In 1992, Block's review of 15 epidemiological studies on cancer rates and intake of Vitamin C was mentioned in the New York Times.
Block has been cited in media coverage of the debate around the efficacy of dietary multivitamin supplements in combating health risks including the risk of cancer, obesity, diabetes, heart disease, and hypertension. Others taking a similar position as Block (in favor of dietary supplements) include Harvard professor Walter Willett (designer of the Harvard FFQ), researcher Bruce N. Ames, and Michael Jacobson of the Center for Science in the Public Interest. Those on the other side include Marion Nestle, Joan Gussow, Catherine Wotecki, Walter Mertz, and Edgar Miller.

### Variety in diet

Block has led research on the variety in people's diet and its effects on people's nutrient consumption and health status. She has been cited on the subject in the New York Times.

### Alive!

Block has developed a program called ALIVE that people can use to improve their diet and physical activity. The program and its spinoff, ALIVE-PD (to help prediabetics prevent diabetes) are currently offered through Turnaround Health, a division of NutritionQuest.
# Tom Blofeld

Thomas Henry Calthorpe Blofeld (born 30 May 1964) is a writer of children's books and the owner and CEO of Bewilderwood, an adventure park in Horning, Norfolk. The author of three books for children, A Boggle at Bewilderwood (available also in a poetic version), The Bewilderbats, and A Bewildermuddle, Blofeld also runs his family's country estate, Hoveton, located in the village of the same name. He is also a Vice President of Autism Anglia.
Blofeld is the son of Sir John Blofeld, a former High Court judge, and the nephew of Henry Blofeld, the cricket commentator. Like his father and uncle he attended Sunningdale School.
He is married to Leslie Felperin, a film critic for Variety magazine, and the father of two children, born in 2007 and 2008.
# Kenneth Bloomfield

Sir Kenneth Percy Bloomfield, KCB (born 15 April 1931), is a former Head of the Northern Ireland Civil Service (NICS) who was later a member of the Independent Commission for the Location of Victims' Remains and, for a time, Northern Ireland Victims Commissioner. In addition to this, he has held a variety of public sector posts in Northern Ireland and elsewhere.

## Early and personal life

Ken Bloomfield was born in Belfast, Northern Ireland, to English parents in 1931. He grew up close to Neill's Hill railway station, East Belfast. Between the years of 1943 and 1949, he attended the Royal Belfast Academical Institution ('Inst') and later went on to read Modern History at St Peter's College, Oxford. He is married with two children. On 12 September 1988, he and his wife were the targets of an IRA attack on their home in Crawfordsburn, County Down; neither Bloomfield nor his wife were injured in the blast.

## Public sector career

Having joined the Civil Service in 1952, Bloomfield was appointed Permanent Secretary to the power sharing executive in 1974. After the collapse of the executive, he went on to become Permanent Secretary for the Department of the Environment (D.o.E.) and the Department of Economic Development, and finally Head of the Northern Ireland Civil Service on 1 December 1984. In that capacity, he was the most senior advisor to successive Secretaries of State for Northern Ireland and other Ministers on a wide range of issues. He retired from the post in April 1991.
Since retiring from the NICS, Bloomfield has embarked on a life of involvement in a diverse range of organisations. He has taken up roles such as Chairman for the Northern Ireland Legal Services Commission and his alma mater, the Royal Belfast Academical Institution. He has also been involved in the political reform of the States of Jersey and spearheaded the Association for Quality Education, which fought to retain academic selection in the Northern Ireland education system. In December 1997 he was asked by the then Secretary of State for Northern Ireland, Mo Mowlam, to become the Northern Ireland Victims Commissioner for a fixed term. His role was to produce a report on the way forward for Victims issues in Northern Ireland. His report entitled We Will Remember Them was published in April 1998. From 1991 to 1999 he served as the BBC's National Governor for Northern Ireland.

## Honours

Bloomfield received a Knighthood in the 1987 Queen's Birthday Honours and has received honorary doctorates from The Queen's University of Belfast, The Open University and the University of Ulster. He is also a Member of the Royal Irish Academy (RIA).

## Works

* A New Life (2008)
* A Tragedy of Errors (2007)
* We will remember them (1998)
* Stormont in Crisis, a memoir (1994)
* "The BBC at the Watershed" (2008)
# Joe Stockdale

Joseph Stockdale (born 18 October 1999) is a British show jumper.

## Early life

From Roade, Northamptonshire, his father Tim Stockdale was also a show jumper. His brother Mark Stockdale is a professional golfer. Stockdale attended Wellingborough School.
Stockdale started riding in a pony club when he was four years-old. He took part in the mounted games team at the Horse of the Year Show in 2013. As a teenager, he played cricket for Northamptonshire County Cricket Club Second XI.

## Career

Stockdale started competing professionally in 2018, and was named Young British Rider of the Year in 2022.
He made his senior championship team debut at the 2021 European Championship.
He won team bronze at the 2022 FEI World Championships in Herning, Denmark, alongside Ben Maher, Scott Brash and Harry Charles.
In 2023, he and Jack Whitaker became official ambassadors for the Royal Windsor Horse Show.
In May 2024, he was placed on the list of British showjumping Olympic entries for the 2024 Paris Games. The following month, he was confirmed as one of the four riders selected to represent Great Britain at the 2024 Olympic Games.
# Stephen R. Bloom

Sir Stephen Robert Bloom FRS (born 24 October 1942) is a British Professor of Medicine at Imperial College London where he leads the Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism division.

## Education

Bloom was educated at Queens' College, Cambridge, where he was awarded a Master of Arts degree in 1968 and a Doctor of Medicine degree in 1979. He received his Doctor of Science (DSc) degree from the University of London in 1982. Bloom completed appointments as a house officer, senior house officer and specialist registrar at Middlesex Hospital, University College London, where he also received his Medical Research Council (MRC) Clinical Research Fellowship training.

## Awards and honours

Bloom was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society (FRS) in 2013. His nomination reads:
   Bloom played a seminal role in establishing the biology and pathophysiology of the intrinsic endocrine system of the gastrointestinal tract, an area which he pioneered and which is now a major focus of basic and applied laboratories worldwide. Through the identification of clinical syndromes associated with overproduction of these hormones and experimental physiological studies in man, Bloom established the physiological effects of these hormones. Importantly, he recognised that several gut derived peptides powerfully influenced glucose homeostasis and/or appetite, insights which have led to major developments in the treatment of Type 2 diabetes and obesity.
Blooms research has been funded by grants awarded by the BBSRC, the Medical Research Council (MRC) and the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR).
Bloom was also knighted in the Queen's 2012 New Year Honours, and awarded Fellowships of the Royal College of Physicians (FRCP), Royal College of Pathologists (FRCPath), the Academy of Medical Sciences (FMedSci) and the Royal Society of Biology (FRSB). Bloom is Chairman of a Biotechnology Company, Zihipp, which completed round A funding in January 2020. It specialises in peptide hormone analogues to treat obesity and diabetes.
# On the Banks of the River Weser

On the Banks of the River Weser (German: An der Weser) is a 1927 German silent drama film directed by Siegfried Philippi and starring Carl Auen, Olga Engl, and Camilla Spira.
The film's sets were designed by Willi Herrmann.

## Cast

In alphabetical order
* Carl Auen
* Fritz Beckmann
* Olga Engl
* Charles Willy Kayser
* Otto Kronburger
* Sophie Pagay
* Hermann Picha
* Karl Platen
* Grete Reinwald
* Frida Richard
* Ernst Rückert
* Camilla Spira
* Fritz Spira
* Eduard von Winterstein
* Ernst Winar
# Soem Klang

Soem Klang (Thai: เสริมกลาง) is a village and tambon (subdistrict) of Soem Ngam District, in Lampang Province, Thailand. In 2005 it had a total population of 8400 people. The tambon contains 9 villages.