OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Semgrep

Semgrep, Inc. (formerly r2c) is a cybersecurity company based in San Francisco. The company develops the Semgrep AppSec Platform (a commercial offering for SAST, SCA, and secrets scanning) and actively maintains the open-source static code analysis tool semgrep OSS.
Semgrep has stable support for over 30 languages including C#, C, C++, Go, Java, JavaScript, JSON, Python, PHP, Ruby, and Scala. Language support on semgrep OSS is community driven and does not support interprocedural or interfile analysis.
The name is a combination of semantic and grep, referring to semgrep being a text search command-line utility that is aware of source code semantics.

## Services

Semgrep, Inc. provides a continuous integration service (called Semgrep CI), rule-writing tools (called the Semgrep Playground and editor), and a rule library (called Semgrep Registry) free of charge for both commercial and open source users.
Semgrep rules are similar to source code and do not require knowledge of a domain specific language to write. Both open source and commercial rules can be forked and customized to a user's codebase, however only commercial users are able to customize commercial rules. All users are free to fork and modify open source (community) rules.

## History

Semgrep was based on sgrep, an open source part of pfff, a program analysis library developed at Facebook in 2009. Pfff was inspired by Coccinelle, an open-source utility for programs written in C. Yoann Padioleau, the original author of sgrep and a contributor to Coccinelle, joined r2c in 2019. sgrep was forked from pfff by r2c, and in 2020 the sgrep fork was renamed semgrep to avoid name collisions with existing projects.
Redpoint Ventures and Sequoia Capital backed r2c in an unannounced seed round and later funded a $13 million Series A round in 2020. The company's product portfolio consisted only of Semgrep OSS and its ecosystem at the time.
Semgrep, Inc. announced in 2023 that it had raised a $53 million Series C funding round with Lightspeed Venture Partners leading the investment and participation from previous investors Felicis Ventures, Redpoint Ventures, and Sequoia Capital. The company has raised a total of $93 million, including their Series C financing.
The Open Web Application Security Project (OWASP) listed Semgrep in its source code analysis tools list. As of 2023 April, Semgrep has 132 contributors and over 9000 stars on GitHub. From Docker Hub the Docker image has been pulled more than 60 million times.

## Usage

Semgrep can be installed with Homebrew or pip. Additionally it can run without installation on Docker. Analysis can be done without the need of custom configuration, and by utilizing rulesets created by Semgrep Inc. and open source contributors. The tool also allows users to write their own patterns and rules through the CLI using a pattern language unique to semgrep. A free online rule editor and a tutorial are also available.
# Hughes Allison

Hughes Allison (1908–1974), was an African American author, playwright, and journalist.

## Early life

Hughes Allison was born in North Carolina and moved to Newark with his family in 1919. His father was in life insurance, and his mother was a teacher. He attended Bergen Street Grammar School, Barringer High School, and Upsala College. He was married to Elitea ("Lee") Bulkley, a librarian, in 1919.

## Published works

Allison's first published story was in Challenge Magazine in 1935. He regularly contributed to Ellery Queen's Mystery Magazine and True Story; he was the first African American to have a short story published in Ellery Queen's Mystery Magazine with the story Corollary. His most famous character in his mysteries was African American detective Joe Hill, who Allison said was "equipped to think with his skin". Some of his mystery stories featured characters inspired by real Newark policemen.
Allison wrote the 1937 Broadway play "The Trial of Dr. Beck," which was originally produced by the Federal Theatre. The Brooklyn Daily Eagle wrote, "[it] is a vigorous and entertaining sample of its kind". The New York Daily News called it a "well-written, well-acted drama" and said "when the Federal Theatre Project can present an evening's entertainment of this type for 55 cents, the Broadway producers better look to their box offices".
Allison also wrote "It's Midnight Over Newark", which was produced by the Mosque Theatre (now Symphony Hall) in 1941. The play centered around the lack of African-American doctors and nurses in Newark hospitals.
Allison also wrote over 2,000 radio scripts. In the 1950s, he wrote a series of articles on school segregation for the Newark Evening News, which inspired court cases by the federal government.

## Later life

The home of Allison and his wife, at 15 Wallace St in Newark, was threatened in the 1970s by urban renewal, when the entire neighborhood was slated for demolition. Though the Allisons protested the decision, they were unsuccessful and the house was demolished. In his later years his writing was limited due to failing health and he died in 1974.
Allison's papers are held at the Newark Public Library.
# Smoky bat

The smoky bat (Amorphochilus schnablii) is a species of bat in the family Furipteridae. It is the only species within the genus Amorphochilus. Its natural habitat is rocky shores.
It is also called the thumbless bat because its thumb is partly enclosed in its wing; this common name is also applied to another species, Furipterus horrens. They lives in western Peru, western Ecuador, Puna island (Ecuador) and northern Chile. and can be found in groups of up to 300 bats. In 2013, Bat Conservation International listed this species as one of the 35 species of its worldwide priority list of conservation.
# Kulsky Stanok

Kulsky Stanok (Russian: Кульский Станок; Buryat: Хγлэй Yртөө, Khülei Ürtöö) is a rural locality (a selo) in Khorinsky District, Republic of Buryatia, Russia. The population was 571 as of 2010. There are 12 streets.

## Geography

Kulsky Stanok is located 14 km west of Khorinsk (the district's administrative centre) by road. Kulsk is the nearest rural locality.
# Rigole de la montagne

The rigole de la montagne (English: trickle of the mountain) was an important facet of the Canal du Midi, engineered by Pierre-Paul Riquet in southern France. The canal itself was built during 1666-1681. A critical aspect of the Canal du Midi was the supply of sufficient water to feed the canal. Each boat traversing its length would require a large quantity of water in the locks in order to climb or descend.
The original plan was to take water from the Sor River at Revel via the rigole de la plaine and transport it to the Bassin de Naurouze to provide a source of water for the canal. To placate mill owners fearful that they would lose too much water from the Sor, the rigole de la montagne would supplement the Sor upstream from the rigole de la plaine at Conquet. It was to collect water from the Alzau stream, as well as others, and divert them to the River Sor at Conquet.
In 1664, Louis Nicolas de Clerville had the idea for a single large dam of the Laudot valley near Saint Ferreol, which became the Bassin de Saint-Ferréol. He also had the idea of digging a tunnel through the Cammazes ridge to connect the rigole de la montagne to the reservoir in the valley without utilizing the Sor river at all. In 1686, the engineer, Marshal Sebastien Vauban, extended the rigole de la montagne 7.2 kilometres (4.5 mi) from Conquet to connect it to the Bassin de St. Ferréol. The path included a 121-metre (132 yd) long, 2.7-metre (9 ft) diameter tunnel at the village of Les Cammazes.
To reduce leakage in some locations, the trench is lined with bricks. Beautiful walking paths accompany the waters flow.
The following is translated from the French Wikipedia article of this same name:
    The channel begins at the intake of the Alzau (altitude 645 metres (2,116 ft)) to Arfons in the Black Mountains and empties into the rigole de la plaine, which supplies water to the Canal du Midi. The trench collects waters from the southern slope of the Black Mountains. It collects water from different streams, especially Bernassonne, the Alzau, the Lampy, and Rieutord, and the dammed Galaube. It runs south of the reservoir Cammazes (which did not exist at the time of construction of the canal).
    A little further south of the village Les Cammazes, the channel changes its slope and passes to the north side. To cross the mountain, it goes through a tunnel masonry arch, the arch of Vauban, also called Breakthrough Cammazes. The tunnel is 122 metres (400 ft) long and 3 metres (9.8 ft) wide. The bridge was designed by the architect Vauban, after the death of Riquet. The front of the exit tunnel was rebuilt in the 18th century. Before the digging of the tunnel, the Rigole Mountain fed the Sor River in Conquet at an altitude of 620 metres (2,030 ft). The Sor was captured by the trickle of the plain near Sorèze at the Bridge Crouzet (altitude 245 metres (804 ft)). Leaving the Breakthrough Cammazes, the channel flows into the stream of Laudot, which itself feeds the reservoir Bassin de Saint-Ferréol.
# Pornsak

Pornsak (Thai: พรศักดิ์, romanized: Phonsak) is a given name of Thai origin. People with that name include:
* Pornsak Pongthong, a professional footballer in Thailand
* Pornsak Prajakwit, a Thailand-born media personality in Singapore
* Pornsak Songsaeng, a male Mor lam singer in Thailand
# 100th Anniversary (Gümüşkum) Nature Park

100th Anniversary (Gümüşkum) Nature Park (Turkish: 100. Yıl (Gümüşkum) Tabiat Parkı) is a coastal nature park in Mersin, Turkey.
The park at 36°43′15″N 34°29′43″E﻿ / ﻿36.72083°N 34.49528°E﻿ / 36.72083; 34.49528 is in Davultepe town, which merged to Mersin urban fabric. It is located on the Mediterranean Sea coast covering an area of 22.98 hectares (56.8 acres). It is on the Mersin-Silifke highway D.400 12 km (7.5 mi) southwest of Mersin. In 1977, the grove at the Mediterranean Sea side was declared a recreation area. On November 7, 2011, the area was declared a nature park by the Ministry of Environment and Forest. However the ministry decided to end its status as a nature park and there is a heated discussion on its future status
It has a 1.8 km (1.1 mi) long sandy beach. "Gümüşkum" means literally "Silver sand". The nature park offers outdoor recreational activities for visitors on a daily basis such as hiking, swimming and picnicing. Camping and renting of cottages or bungalows are also available.
The trees in the park are Turkish pine (Pinus brutia) and eucalyptus. The endemic plant sea daffodil (Pancratium maritimum) is endangered. A section of the sandy beach in the nature park is used by green sea turtles (Chelonia mydas) and loggerhead sea turtles (Caretta caretta) for ovulation. A treatment and rehabilitation center for the sea turtles is situated inside the nature park.
The status of the protected area as "nature park" was revoked on July 14, 2015. It was decided to decrease its status to "recreation area of grade A". Upon protests of the residents of Mersin to protect and conserve the sea turtles, the Ministry cancelled its decision within about one month, and the status of the protected area remained unchanged.
# Fichera's existence principle

In mathematics, and particularly in functional analysis, Fichera's existence principle is an existence and uniqueness theorem for solution of functional equations, proved by Gaetano Fichera in 1954. More precisely, given a general vector space V and two linear maps from it onto two Banach spaces, the principle states necessary and sufficient conditions for a linear transformation between the two dual Banach spaces to be invertible for every vector in V.
# Alan Bjerga

Alan Bjerga (born 1973) is an American journalist, author of the book Endless Appetites: How the Commodities Casino Creates Hunger and Unrest. He also covers global food policy for Bloomberg News and is a journalism instructor at Georgetown University, where in 2016 he received a department award for dedication to student learning. In 2010 he served as president of the National Press Club and was president of the North American Agricultural Journalists in 2010-2011.

## Biography

Bjerga, who grew up on a farm near the town of Motley, Minnesota, went to Concordia College (Minnesota) where he earned a bachelor's degree in history and English literature and edited the student newspaper, The Concordian. He earned a master's degree in mass communication from the University of Minnesota, where he was the managing editor of The Minnesota Daily. In 2012 he was an inaugural winner of the university's award for outstanding journalism alumni under 40, and in 2013 received Concordia College's annual "Sent Forth" award given to an outstanding young alumnus.
Bjerga began his career with the St. Paul Pioneer Press (Minn.) and also reported for the Sioux Falls (S.D.) Argus Leader and The Wichita Eagle (Kan.).
Alan Bjerga was a contestant on the game show, "Who Wants To Be A Millionaire?" where he won $50,000. He was a second-place finisher on Jeopardy!' At his National Press Club inaugural on January 30, 2010, he played guitar and sang lead vocals with "Honky Tonk Confidential", a retro/alt country band with songs written by former CBS Face the Nation anchor, Bob Schieffer. He has also competed for the standup comedy title of "DC's Funniest Journalist."

## Awards

Bjerga has been recognized for his work with awards from the Society of American Business Editors and Writers, the New York Press Club, the Kansas Press Association, the North American Agricultural Journalists, and the Overseas Press Club. He has commented on food and agriculture for Bloomberg Television, National Public Radio, the BBC and PBS Newshour, among other programs. Bjerga won the NAAJ's top writing award in 2005 while working for the Knight-Ridder Washington Bureau, where as a Midwest correspondent also covered foreign policy issues including defense contracting and intelligence related to the Iraq war.
# Ochina latrellii

Ochina latrellii is a species of beetle native to Europe and the Near East. In Europe, it has been recorded in Austria, Belgium, Croatia, the Czech Republic, mainland France, Germany, mainland Greece, Hungary, mainland Italy, Romania, Sardinia, Slovakia, mainland Spain, Switzerland, Ukraine and Yugoslavia.
# Vanuatu Association of Sports and National Olympic Committee

Vanuatu Association of Sports and National Olympic Committee (French: Association des sports et comité national olympique du Vanuatu; IOC code: VAN) is the National Olympic Committee representing Vanuatu.
# Khatamabad, Kermanshah

Khatamabad (Persian: خاتم اباد, also Romanized as Khātamābād) is a village in Bavaleh Rural District, in the Central District of Sonqor County, Kermanshah Province, Iran. According to the 2006 census, its population was 214, in 47 families.
# Chaldal

Chaldal (Persian: چال دال, also Romanized as Chāldāl) is a village in Kabgian Rural District, Kabgian District, Dana County, Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 52, in 10 families.
# Episcopal Palace, Fiesole

43°48′26.94″N 11°17′31.14″E﻿ / ﻿43.8074833°N 11.2919833°E﻿ / 43.8074833; 11.2919833
The Episcopal Palace (Italian: Palazzo Vescovile) is a building located in Piazza Mino of Fiesole, Italy. Built in the eleventh century, it serves as the residence of the Bishop of Fiesole.

## History

At the front of the Episcopal Palace is a double staircase constructed in the 19th century. The palace was built contemporaneously with the adjacent Fiesole Cathedral in 1028, under the episcopate of Bishop Jacopo Bavaro. Over time, the palace was modified and expanded.
In the fourteenth century, the palace was enlarged by Bishop Andrew Corsini, and subsequently by Bishops Francesco Maria Ginori and Cattani da Diacceto. The coat of arms of Bishop Filippo Neri Altoviti is prominently positioned above the entrance to the palace due to his expansion. The current façade dates to 1500.
Inside the palace is the bishop's private chapel, which contains frescoes in the Ghirlandaio school from the late 15th century, depicting Saint Romulus, Saint James, and God the Father.
Also inside is the Oratory of San Jacopo Maggiore, which was built by Bishop Cattani da Diacceto. In it is a piece by Lorenzo di Bicci depicting the Coronation of the Virgin. There are also paintings by Niccodemo Ferrucci and Antonio Marini.
To the right of the Episcopal Palace is a rectory that was built in 1032 to house the canons of the cathedral next door. In 1439, it was expanded, adding a courtyard surrounded by an arcade and a marble column in the center with a small, metal image of Maria Santissima, which was commissioned by Bishop Ranieri Mancini.
In the palace's garden are the remains of an Etruscan wall that continues into the garden of the adjacent Diocesan Seminary, which once supported the lower circle of the acropolis on which the San Francesco Monastery now resides.
# Thoroddur Bjarnason

Thoroddur Bjarnason is an Icelandic sociologist and professor at the University of Akureyri. He is most well known for his international comparative survey research on adolescents and their living and custody arrangements, alcohol consumption and substance abuse.

## Education and career

Bjarnason studied sociology at the University of Iceland obtaining his BA degree in 1991. In 1995, he received an MA degree in social science data analysis from the University of Essex in England, followed by a PhD in sociology from the University of Notre Dame in 2000. After four years as an assistant professor at the University at Albany, SUNY, he returned to Iceland in 2004 for a faculty position at the University of Akureyri.

## Scientific research
### Alcohol use and substance abuse

Bjarnasson has studied adolescent alcohol use and substance abuse, comparing different European countries.

### Child custody and living arrangements

In a 2005/06 international comparison of 36 western countries, Bjarnasson studied the proportion of 11-15-year-old children living in different child custody arrangements. The percent of children living in intact families with both their mother and father was highest in Macedonia (93%), Turkey (89%), Croatia (89%) and Italy (89%), while it was lowest in the United States (60%), Romania (60%), Estonia (66%) and Latvia (67%). Among the children who did not live with both their parents, the percent in a shared parenting versus sole custody arrangement was highest in Sweden (17%), Iceland (11%), Belgium (11%), Denmark (10%), Italy (9%) and Norway (9%), while it was lowest in Ukraine, Poland, Croatia, Turkey, the Netherlands and Romania, all with 2% or less.

## Selected publications

* Aldous J, Mulligan GM, Bjarnason T. Fathering over time: What makes the difference?. Journal of Marriage and the Family. 1998 Nov 1:809-20.
* Bjarnason T, Andersson B, Choquet M, Elekes Z, Morgan M, Rapinett G. Alcohol culture, family structure and adolescent alcohol use: multilevel modeling of frequency of heavy drinking among 15-16 year old students in 11 European countries. Journal of studies on alcohol. 2003 Mar;64(2):200-8.
* Hibell B, Guttormsson U, Ahlström S, Balakireva O, Bjarnason T, Kokkevi A, Kraus L. The 2007 ESPAD report. Substance Use Among Students in 35 European Countries. 2009;35:1-408.
* Bjarnason T, Arnarsson AA. Joint Physical Custody and Communication with Parents: A Cross-National Study of Children in 36 Western Countries Archived 2017-11-19 at the Wayback Machine, Journal of Comparative Family Studies, 2011, 42:871-890.
* Bjarnason T, Bendtsen P, Arnarsson AM, Borup I, Iannotti RJ, Löfstedt P, Haapasalo I, Niclasen B. Life satisfaction among children in different family structures: a comparative study of 36 western societies. Children & Society. 2012 Jan;26(1):51-62.
* Arnarsson A, Kristofersson GK, Bjarnason T. Adolescent alcohol and cannabis use in Iceland 1995–2015. Drug and alcohol review. 2018 Apr;37:S49-57.
# Mark Buntzman

Mark Buntzman (July 31, 1949 – June 8, 2018) was the film director, writer, producer and actor of the cult classic movie Exterminator 2. He was also the producer of its predecessor The Exterminator. Other than those two movies, he hasn't produced, directed, or written any other prominent films. He did, though, have a cameo in the 1993 movie Posse as Deputy Buntzman, as well as playing a reporter in the 1995 movie Panther. Both movies starred Mario Van Peebles, who also played a large role in Exterminator 2.

## Filmography

| Year | Title | Role | Notes |
| 1975 | Suicide Cult | Kajerste | Producer |
| 1980 | The Exterminator | Burping Ghoul | Producer |
| 1984 | Exterminator 2 | Member of X's Gang | Uncredited Producer, Director, Writer |
| 1993 | Posse | Deputy Buntzman | |
| 1995 | Panther | Pushy reporter | |
| 1998 | Love Kills | The Accountant | Producer |
| 1999 | Standing Knockdown | | Producer |
# T. Ramachandran (CPI politician)

T. Ramachandran is an Indian politician and Member of the 16th Tamil Nadu Assembly from the Thalli constituency.

## Political career

Ramachandran began getting involved in politics. He joined the Communist Party of India (Marxist). He criticised the state leadership of CPI(M) in public, resigned and contested as independent candidate in 2006 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election. Later, he joined the Communist Party of India in 2007. He represented the Communist Party of India in the Fourteenth Assembly (2011-2016). In the prior Assembly of 2006-2011 he represented the same constituency as an independent member.

## Elections contested

| Election | Constituency | Party | Result | Vote % | Runner-up | Runner-up Party | Runner-up vote % |
| 2021 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election | Thalli | CPI | Won | 62.18% | Dr.C.Nageshkumar | BJP | 33.2% |
| 2011 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election | Thalli | CPI | Won | 47.09% | Prakaash. Y | DMK | 43.75% |
| 2006 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election | Thalli | Independent | Won | 43.60% | NAGARAJA REDDY P | CPI | 42.40% |

## Legal allegations

On 5 October 2012 Ramachandran faced allegations of instigating violence in connection with a temple festival in Nilgiris village near Uthanapalli near Hosur. Ramachandran was also arrested in the illegal quarry mining case registered in Kelamangalam Police station under Crime No. 201/2012 under sections 379 of IPC and 21 (IV) of Mines and Minerals Act and Section 4 of PPDL. Ramachandran was arrested in connection with all the ten cases registered against him after the murder of PDK functionary T. Palani in Balepuram village on 5 July 2012.
In 2015 Ramachandran was charged under the Goondas Act for his alleged involvement in several murders and other anti-social activities.
# Chang railway station

Chang railway station (Urdu: چھانگ ریلوے اسٹیشن) is located in Pakistan.