OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Robert Cowdin

Robert Cowdin (September 18, 1805 – July 9, 1874) was a businessman, a field officer in the Union Army during the American Civil War and a local politician in Massachusetts. Cowdin was colonel of the 1st Massachusetts Infantry and served in several major battles early in the war. He was appointed brigadier general of volunteers September 26, 1862 and he then commanded a brigade in the defenses of Washington until March 1863. He did not become a full brigadier general because his appointment expired by law March 4, 1862 when the U.S. Senate adjourned without confirming it. His grade reverted to colonel but after being relieved of command of the brigade, he returned home and saw no further service.

## Biography

Cowdin (occasionally misspelled as Cowden or Coudin) was born in Jamaica, Vermont, the son of Angier and Abiah (Carter) Cowdin. He moved to Boston at age 20 to engage in the lumber business. He served in various organizations in the state militia from 1838 until the start of the Civil War. He also served on the Common Council of Boston for eight years, and various elected positions in the city's correctional system.

## Civil War

Cowdin was colonel of the 2nd Massachusetts Militia Regiment at the start of the war, and was appointed colonel of the 1st Massachusetts Infantry on May 25, 1861. He led his regiment at the battle of Blackburn's Ford on July 18, 1861, was part of Israel B. Richardson's brigade of Daniel Tyler's Division at the First Battle of Bull Run, where his horse was killed. He also saw action at Williamsburg, Fair Oaks, Glendale, Malvern Hill and Chantilly.
On September 26, 1862, based on a recommendation by General Joseph Hooker, he was appointed Brigadier General of Volunteers, and commanded the 1st Brigade, Abercrombie's Division, Defenses of Washington (later called the XXII Corps), from October 1862 to February 1863, then the 2nd Brigade until the end of March. On March 4, Congress adjourned without approving his commission, and he was relieved of duty on March 30, and returned to Massachusetts.

## Postwar life

During the next 11 years, Cowdin served a combined 10 terms on the Boston Common Council and the Boston Board of Aldermen and served as Captain of the Ancient and Honorable Artillery Company of Massachusetts. He died in Boston, Massachusetts, and is buried in Mount Auburn Cemetery, Cambridge, Massachusetts.
# Ellis Hudson

Ellis Luke Hudson (born 4 February 1999) is an English professional footballer who plays for Silsden, as a left winger.

## Early and personal life

Born in Bradford, Hudson attended Bingley Grammar School.

## Career

Hudson joined Bradford City at the age of 8. He made his senior debut on 30 August 2016, in an EFL Trophy game against Stoke under-23s. He turned professional in September 2016, signing a two-year contract. Hudson joined Harrogate Town on loan in November 2017, alongside teammate Lachlan Barr. He then moved on loan to Guiseley in March 2018.
He was offered a new contract by Bradford City at the end of the 2017–18 season. He left the club in December 2018 by mutual consent.
He moved to the United States to play college soccer for the Florida Tech Panthers.
He joined Silsden in September 2022 after a spell at Bingley Town.

## Career statistics

    As of 19 December 2018
Appearances and goals by club, season and competition :
| Club | Season | League | League | League | FA Cup | FA Cup | League Cup | League Cup | Other | Other | Total | Total |
| Club | Season | Division | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals |
| Bradford City | 2016–17 | League One | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 4 | 0 |
| Bradford City | 2017–18 | League One | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 0 |
| Bradford City | 2018–19 | League One | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Bradford City | Bradford City total | Bradford City total | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 5 | 0 | 6 | 0 |
| Harrogate Town (loan) | 2017–18 | National League North | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | — | — | 1 | 0 | 3 | 0 |
| Guiseley (loan) | 2017–18 | National League | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 | — | — | 0 | 0 | 2 | 1 |
| Career total | Career total | Career total | 5 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 6 | 0 | 11 | 1 |
* 1 2 Appearances in the EFL Trophy
* ↑ Appearance in the FA Trophy
# Cheshmeh-ye Sangi-ye Rutvand

Cheshmeh-ye Sangi-ye Rutvand (Persian: چشمه سنگي روتوند, also Romanized as Cheshmeh-ye Sangī-ye Rūtvand; also known as Cheshmeh Sangīn and Rūtvand-e Ardeshīr) is a village in Cheleh Rural District, in the Central District of Gilan-e Gharb County, Kermanshah Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 114, in 25 families.
# Iridodonesis

Iridodonesis (/ˌaɪərɪdoʊdoʊˈniːsɪs/) is the vibration or agitated motion of the iris with eye movement. This may be caused by lens subluxation, the incomplete or partial dislocation of the lens; or by aphakia, the absence of a lens. The term originated from irido- (Latin: iris) + doneo (Greek: δονεο, to shake to and fro).
# Giannis Mallous

Giannis Mallous (Greek: Γιάννης Μαλλούς; born 7 February 1974) is a Greek former professional footballer who played as a right-back.

## Career

Mallous started his career in Agia Triada and later he played in Philippos Melikis. In 1994, he moved to Veria, with which he played in A Ethniki, when his team promoted in A Ethniki. In 1999, he went to Aris Thessaloniki, in where he played 5+1⁄2 seasons. Mallous played with Aris in UEFA cup and the Greek cup final.
In summer of 2004 he returned in Veria and the following year he went to Agrotikos Asteras, in where he stopped his career, in 2009.

## Statistics in Greek Superleague

| Season | Club | Appearances (Goals) |
| 1996-97 | Veria | 27 (0) |
| 1997-98 | Veria | 28 (1) |
| 1998-99a | Veria | 14 (1) |
| 1998-99b | Aris | 14 (1) |
| 1999-00 | Aris | 29 (1) |
| 2000-01 | Aris | 1 (0) |
| 2001-02 | Aris | 3 (0) |
| 2002-03 | Aris | 18 (1) |
| 2003-04 | Aris | 23 (0) |

## Honours
### Aris Thessaloniki

* Greek Football Cup: Runner up (2002–03)
# Haqiqat Nagar

Haqiqat Nagar (Hindi: हक़ीक़त नगर, Urdu: حقیقت نگار, Punjabi: ਹਾਕ਼ੀਕ਼ਾਤ ਨਗਰ), also spelled as Hakikat Nagar, is a residential colony in Delhi located near Kingsway Camp in the North West district. The colony was named famous Hindu leader who attained veergati in Lahore, Haqiqat Rai, and is one of the sites where refugees from the Sind and Punjab provinces settled. This colony is part of the Model Town tehsil. The colony is at the crossroads of Mall Road and Banda Bahadur. The GTB Nagar metro station of Delhi Metro provides convenient transportation to other parts of Delhi.
The colony has around 384 houses, two temples, one gurudwara (Sikh temple), one community center and one co-ed primary school. Haqiqat Nagar is very close to the University of Delhi North Campus, and the commercial education centers like Mukherjee Nagar. This area has got a good market popularly termed as Camp Market; making the area very vibrant and dynamic.
28°42′00″N 77°12′22″E﻿ / ﻿28.700°N 77.206°E﻿ / 28.700; 77.206
# Cándida Montilla de Medina

Cándida Montilla de Medina (née Montilla; born 3 October 1962) is a Dominican clinical psychologist. The wife of former president, Danilo Medina. Montilla de Medina served as the First Lady of the Dominican Republic from 2012 to 2020.

## Biography
### Education and personal life

Montilla de Medina was born on 3 October 1962 in Santo Domingo, where she has resided for most of her life. She graduated from Universidad Católica de Santo Domingo and became a clinical psychologist, specializing in family therapy. She also studied human resource management at the Beck Institute for Cognitive Behavior Therapy in suburban Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. She had conducted studies and seminars within her fields, including at the INCAE Business School in Costa Rica.
Montilla married her husband, Danilo Medina, in 1987. They have three daughters: Candy Sibely, Vanessa Daniela and Ana Paula.

### Career

From 2004 until August 2012, Cándida Montilla de Medina served as the founder and founding director of the Department of Human Development and Family Integration (PDHIF) at the Central Bank of the Dominican Republic. She left that position to become the country's First Lady in August 2012.
Montilla de Medina actively campaigned on behalf of her husband during the 2012 Dominican Republic presidential election. She chaired a group called "Mujeres Creciendo con Danilo" (Women Growing with Danilo), to focus on women voters to Medina's candidacy and the Dominican Liberation Party (PLD). Cándida Montilla de Medina assumed the role of First Lady of the Dominican Republic on August 16, 2012, when Danilo Medina assumed the presidency. She focused on healthcare and social issues, including care for children and the elderly, education, and women's affairs during her tenure.
# Ásdís Rán Gunnarsdóttir

Ásdís Rán Gunnarsdóttir (born 12 August 1979) is an Icelandic model, entrepreneur and television producer.
In 2009, she appeared in the Bulgarian TV show Footballer's wife. During the 2010s, she worked as a television producer at 365 Miðlar.
In January 2024, she declared her candidacy for the president of Iceland in the upcoming presidential elections.

## Personal life

Ásdís was married to footballer Garðar Gunnlaugsson with whom she has two children. They divorced in 2012.
# Rajupaja Areena

Kupittaan monitoimihalli ('Kupittaa Multipurpose Hall'), also known as Rajupaja Areena for sponsorship reasons, is an arena in the Kupittaa district of Turku, Finland. It is primarily used for ice hockey and is the home arena of the Mestis team TUTO Hockey and the Naisten Liiga team TPS Naiset. It was opened on 18 November 2006 on the original site of the Kupittaan jäähalli (Swedish: Kuppishallen), which had opened in 1973 and held 5,500 people.
Ringette is also played at the Rajupaja Areena. In 2011, it hosted the 2011 Ringette World Club Championship. Ten years later in 2022, it hosted an exhibition game between Team Canada and Team Finland with both teams later competing in Espoo at the 2022 World Ringette Championships.

## History

The first artificial ice field on the site was constructed in 1962; this, however, was an outdoor field where players were at the mercy of the weather. However, since the field was artificially frozen, the opening season was much longer than with natural ice. The first arena was constructed in 1973, allowing teams to play indoors. The new arena with a spectator capacity of 3,000 was inaugurated in November 2006.
The last games in the old arena were played in the spring of 2005. The new arena with spectator capacity of 3,000 was inaugurated in November 2006.

## Teams

Ice hockey teams including TPS of the Liiga, TUTO, and several others have played in this venue. When the new Elysée Arena was completed in November 1990, TPS moved there. Since then, the arena has been best known as the home of TUTO.
As of the 2021–22 season, the arena is home to three TUTO Hockey teams: TUTO Hockey of the Mestis, TUTO Hockey U20 of the U20 SM-sarja, and TUTO Hockey U18 of U18 SM-sarja; and two TPS Juniorijääkiekko teams: TPS Naiset of the Naisten Liiga and TPS Akatemia of the Naisten Suomi-sarja. Other ice hockey teams that call the arena home include the Chiefs of the 2. Divisioona and Kisurit Turku of the 3. Divisioona.
# KOE (disambiguation)

KOE (Krewe of Elvis) is a Mardi Gras organization in New Orleans.
KOE or Koe may also refer to:
* Koe, a surname and given name, including a list of people with the name
* Communist Organization of Greece (Κομμουνιστική Οργάνωση Ελλάδας, Kommounistikí Orgánosi Elládas, KOE), a Greek political party
* Konami of Europe, the European subsidiary of Konami currently known as Konami Digital Entertainment B.V.
* El Tari International Airport, Indonesia, IATA airport code KOE
* Baale language, ISO 939-3 language code koe
* Hellenic Swimming Federation (Greek: Κολυμβητική Ομοσπονδία Ελλάδος)
# Ministry of the Sea (Portugal)

The Ministry of Maritime Affairs (Portuguese: Ministério do Mar) is a Portuguese government ministry. The Ministry of Maritime Affairs is responsible for the coordination of maritime policy, and deals with such aspects as fisheries, the merchant navy, exploitation of marine resources, regulation of marine conservation, planning, scientific research and technological development related to the oceans, promotion of an effective presence in territorial waters, as well as national participation in European and international bodies responsible for the design and monitoring of maritime policies.
# Mykhailivka, Horlivka urban hromada, Horlivka Raion, Donetsk Oblast

Mykhailivka (Ukrainian: Михайлівка; Russian: Михайловка) is a village in Horlivka Raion of Donetsk Oblast of eastern Ukraine, at 36.9 km NNE from the centre of Donetsk city.
The village was taken under control of pro-Russian forces during the War in Donbass, that started in 2014.

## Demographics

Native language as of the Ukrainian Census of 2001:
* Ukrainian: 20.10%
* Russian: 79.90%
# Théophraste Renaudot

Théophraste Renaudot (French pronunciation:; December 1586 – 25 October 1653) was a French physician, philanthropist, and journalist.
Born in Loudun, Renaudot received a doctorate of medicine from the University of Montpellier in 1606. He returned to Loudon where he met Cardinal Richelieu and Père Joseph. In the 1610s, Richelieu became more powerful and in 1612 he summoned Renaudot to Paris, partly because of his medical reputation, but more because of his philanthropy. Renaudot, born a Protestant, converted to Catholicism. He became the physician and councillor to Louis XIII of France.
As part of his duties, Renaudot was asked to organize a scheme of public assistance. Many difficulties were put in his way, however, and he therefore returned until 1624 to Poitou, where Richelieu made him "commissary general of the poor." In 1630, now back in Paris, Renaudot opened the bureau d'adresse et de rencontre, where prospective employers and employees could find each other. With the support of Richelieu, he established the first weekly newspaper in France, La Gazette, in 1631. Starting in 1633, he organized weekly public conferences on subjects of interest and published the proceedings; the conferences were discontinued in 1642, when Richelieu died. About 240 conference proceedings were translated into English and published in London in 1664 and 1665.
Renaudot opened the mont-de-piété, the first pawnshop in Paris, in 1637. Appointed "General Overseer of the Poor" by Richelieu, he initiated a system of free medical consultations for the poor (1640). In 1642 he published a self-diagnostic handbook, the first treatise on diagnosis in France. Later he established a free dispensary despite opposition from the medical faculty in Paris. The faculty refused to accept the new medicaments proposed by this "heretic", restricting themselves to the old prescriptions of bloodletting and purgation.
After the deaths of his benefactors, Richelieu and Louis XIII, Renaudot lost his permission to practice medicine in Paris, due to the opposition of Guy Patin and other academic physicians. The parlement ordered him to return the letters patent for the establishment of his bureau and his mont-de-piété. Cardinal Mazarin made Renaudot Historiographer Royal to the new king, Louis XIV (Latin: Historiographus Regius) in 1646, with printing presses at Saint-Germain-des-Prés.
Renaudot died in Paris, in 1653. His sons Isaac and Eusèbe, who were awarded doctorates after some delay, carried on their father's work and continued to promote the appropriate uses of medicines.
Mark Tungate in 2007 termed him the "first French journalist" and the "inventor of the personal ad".
# Edward Ratcliff

Edward Ratcliff (February 8, 1835 – March 10, 1915) was an African American Union Army soldier during the American Civil War and a recipient of America's highest military decoration—the Medal of Honor—for his actions at the Battle of Chaffin's Farm.
Born as a slave, he was freed when the Union Army took Yorktown. By September 29, 1864, Ratcliff was serving as a first sergeant in Company C of the 38th Regiment U.S. Colored Troops. On that day, his unit participated in the Battle of Chaffin's Farm in Virginia, and it was for his actions during the battle that he was awarded the Medal of Honor six months later, on April 6, 1865.
Ratcliff reached the rank of sergeant major before leaving the military. He died at age 80.

## Medal of Honor citation

Rank and Organization:
    First Sergeant, Company C, 38th U.S. Colored Troops. Place and Date: At Chapins Farm, Va., September 29, 1864. Birth: James County, Va. Date of Issue: April 6, 1865.
Citation:
    Commanded and gallantly led his company after the commanding officer had been killed; was the first enlisted man to enter the enemy's works.
# Sergey Shelpakov

Sergey Vasilyevich Shelpakov (Russian: Серге́й Васильевич Шелпаков; born 18 September 1956) is a retired Soviet cyclist. He was part of the Soviet team that won the 100 km time trial event at the 1980 Summer Olympics.
After retiring from competitions around 1985 he worked as a sports teacher and functionary, eventually becoming Minister of Sport of Omsk Oblast (2004–2012) and then Deputy Minister of Sport of Russia (2012–2014). He specializes in popularization of sport, especially among disabled individuals.
# Madhav V. Nori

Madhav Vithal Nori is an Indian mathematician. In 1980 he has received the INSA Medal for Young Scientists.

## Career

Nori was awarded his PhD in mathematics in 1981 from the University of Mumbai. He studies within the fields of algebraic geometry and commutative algebra. His areas of interest in research focus on algebraic cycles, K-theory, Hodge theory, Galois theory, and their interactions. Nori received the INSA Medal for Young Scientists in 1980 and is an elected Fellow of the Indian Academy of Sciences, Bangalore.

## The fundamental group scheme

Under the direction of Conjeerveram S. Seshadri Nori proved the existence of the fundamental group scheme $\pi _{1}(X,x)$ during his PhD work, using the theory of essentially finite vector bundles that he defined. The fundamental group scheme is also known as Nori fundamental group scheme, taking the name by his creator, and often also denoted as $\pi ^{N}(X,x)$, where $N$ stands for Nori. There is a special family of vector bundles called Nori-semistable vector bundles in Nori's honor as he had the first intuition for their existence and properties. His construction has been since then further generalized, for instance a proof of the existence of the fundamental group scheme for schemes defined over Dedekind schemes has been provided by Marco Antei, Michel Emsalem and Carlo Gasbarri.
# Banana rib hobbyhorse riding

Banana rib hobbyhorse riding (Thai: ขี่ม้าก้านกล้วย, RTGS: khi ma kan kluai, pronounced), is a Thai game for children. It incorporates a banana rib, as banana trees are found easily in Thai neighborhoods.
One banana rib is cut from the tree, about a meter long, and a banana leaf tip is carved off using a sharp knife. This becomes part of the horse's body. At the end of the rib, the banana leaf forms the horse's tail. Players then cut the rope to an appropriate size, then tie it at the head and the tail to make a belt to put on the shoulders.
# Şakir

Şakir (Turkish: Şakir) is a Turkish name. Şakir or Sakir may refer to:
* Abdul Kayum Sakir, Afghan prisoner
* Cevat Şakir Kabaağaçlı, Turkish writer
* Bahattin Şakir, Ottoman politician
* Sakir-Har, Pharaoh of the Fifteenth dynasty of Egypt
# Ethan Nelson-Roberts

Ethan Cameron O'Neil Nelson-Roberts (born 3 December 2000) is an English professional footballer who plays for Isthmian League side Cheshunt in Central Midfield.

## Playing career

Nelson-Roberts joined AFC Wimbledon's youth set-up aged 12. In 2017/18 season he became Captain of AFC Wimbledon Under 18 Academy team. On 5 December, he made his professional debut as a substitute in a 2–0 EFL Trophy defeat at Yeovil Town.

## Statistics

| Club | Season | Division | League | League | FA Cup | FA Cup | EFL Cup | EFL Cup | Other | Other | Total | Total |
| Club | Season | Division | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals |
| AFC Wimbledon | 2017–18 | League One | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
| Career total | Career total | Career total | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
* ↑ One appearance in the EFL Trophy.
# Weird Tales (film)

Weird Tales (Italian: Strane storie, also known as Strange Stories) is a 1994 Italian anthology surreal black comedy film written and directed by Sandro Baldoni. For this film Baldoni won the Nastro d'Argento for Best New Director.

## Cast

* Ivano Marescotti: cittadino, uomo al supermarket, marito famiglia del nord
* Silvia Cohen: donna single, moglie famiglia del sud
* Mariella Valentini: moglie famiglia del nord
* Alfredo Pea: marito famiglia del sud
* Stefano Accorsi: trasgressivo
# Vidoje Blagojević

Vidoje Blagojević (born 22 June 1950) is a former commander of the Bratunac Brigade of the Republika Srpska Army who was charged and tried by the ICTY for his involvement in the Srebrenica massacre.

## Career

A Bosnian Serb, during the course of the Bosnian War, Blagojević rose through the ranks of the Army of Republika Srpska. He participated in the securing and eventual capture of the Srebrenica safe area. He was captured on 10 August 2001 and soon interred at the Hague Tribunal. Blagojević was tried along with Dragan Jokić and Dragan Obrenović. Both pleaded not guilty.
In January 2005, the International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia found Blagojević guilty of engaging in genocide and other war crimes and sentenced him to 18 years in prison. On 9 May the ICTY's appeals court reversed the genocide conviction and reduced his sentence to 15 years. On 25 January 2008, he was transferred to Norway to serve his prison sentence. On 22 December 2012, he was granted early release.
# Koulochera

Koulochera (Greek: Κουλοχέρα) is a mountain in southeastern Laconia, Greece. Its elevation is 1,125 m.