OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Treasure of Logic on Valid Cognition

"Treasure of Logic on Valid Cognition" (Standard Tibetan: ལེགས་པར་བཤད་པ་རིན་པོ་ཆེའི་བསྟན་བཅོས་བཞུགས་སོ།; sanskr. Subhashitaratnanidhi) is an aphoristic tractate that is considered to be dogmatic. It was written in the beginning of the 13th century by Tibetan spiritual leader and Buddhist scholar Sakya Pandita. One of the most popular tractates in medieval Tibet and Mongolia.

## Structure of tractate

Treasure of Logic on Valid Cognition consists of 457 poetic aphorisms divided into 9 chapters by thematic features:
* Reflections about wise people (1–30)
* Reflections about noble people (31–58)
* Reflections about ignorant people (59–101)
* Reflections of plural character (102–144)
* Reflections about misconduct (145–192)
* Reflections about natural behavior (193–256)
* Reflections about inappropriate behavior (257–303)
* Reflections about deeds (304–398)
* Reflections about Dharma (399–457)

## Translations

* United Kingdom 1856 – English translation by Sándor Csoma de Kőrös
* France 1858 – French translation by Philippe Édouard Foucaux
* Germany 1926 – Germany translation by V.Campbell
* China 1958 – Chinese translation by Wan Yao
# Hatziioannou

Hatziioannou or Haji-Ioannou (Greek: Χατζηιωάννου) is a Greek surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Clelia Haji-Ioannou (born 1970/71), Cypriot billionaire
* Leon Hatziioannou (born 1965), Canadian football player
* Loucas Haji-Ioannou (1927–2008), Greek-Cypriot shipping entrepreneur
* Polys Haji-Ioannou (born 1959/60), Cypriot billionaire
* Stelios Haji-Ioannou (born 1967), British Cypriot billionaire
# Thays

Thays (Urdu: ٹھیس, lit. 'Wound') is a Pakistani drama serial that first aired on 18 April 2018 on A-Plus TV. It stars Junaid Khan and Hira Mani in lead roles.

## Plot

Rubab is in love with Asher. However, Asher is not interested in Rubab. Rubab's mother, Zehra, is very possessive of her daughter. She does not want Rubab and Asher to be together and conspires against Rubab. She writes fake letters on behalf of Asher to Rubab. The letter states that Asher is in love with his colleague and has married her.
Unable to bear the pain, Rubab tries to commit suicide. Asher gets concerned for Rubab. Zehra then hires a girl who blames Asher for sexual harassment. Zehra gets Rubab married to a man of her choice, unaware that he's a con man. Rubab's husband fleeces her for money and leaves her pregnant. Zehra tries to manipulate the situation again but fails as Rubab discovers the truth.
Rubab also finds out that Zehra had falsely accused Asher previously. Rubab gets reunited with Asher.

## Cast

* Junaid Khan as Asher
* Hira Mani as Rubab
* Farah Shah as Zehra
* Nadia Hussain as Shahishta
* Sabiha Hashmi as Raesa
* Nazish Jahangir as Zoya
* Tabbasum Arif as Zoya's mother
* Birjees Farooqui as Shayan's mother
* Waqas Majeed as Ashwaq

## Soundtrack

The title song was performed by Junaid Khan and Hira Mani. The music was composed by Naveed Nashad and the lyrics were written by Ghazala Naqvi. It has more than 1.4 million views on YouTube.
# Seman, Iran

Seman (Persian: سمان, also Romanized as Semān and Samān) is a village in Naran Rural District, in the Central District of Sanandaj County, Kurdistan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 98, in 25 families. The village is populated by Kurds.
# Neuadd Idris

The Old Market Hall (Welsh: Neuadd Idris) is a municipal building in Eldon Square, Dolgellau, Gwynedd, Wales. The structure, which is now the home to the National Centre for Folk Music, known as Tŷ Siamas, is a Grade II listed building.

## History

The market square in Dolgellau was laid out by the local member of parliament, Sir Robert Vaughan in the early 19th century. However, while his masterplan included a courthouse, a school and a prison, it was not until the mid-19th century that civic officials decided to commission a market house. The site they selected was on the west side of the market square, which was renamed Eldon Square after the former Lord Chancellor, Lord Eldon, who had been a close friend of Vaughan.
The new building was designed by William Henry Spaull of Oswestry in the neoclassical style, built in rubble masonry and was completed in 1870. It was arcaded on the ground floor, so that markets could be held, with assembly rooms on the first floor. The design involved a symmetrical main frontage with four bays facing onto Eldon Square. There were four openings with impost bands and voussoirs on the ground floor and four segmental windows on the first floor. At roof level, there were deeply overhanging eaves supported by brackets.
During the First World War, the building was requisitioned for use as a grain store but, after the war the assembly rooms were re-opened again and operated as a cinema showing silent films on a regular basis. Meanwhile, the market hall on the ground floor was converted into a series of small shops. In 1949, the building hosted some of the events associated with the National Eisteddfod of Wales and, at that time, it was renamed Neuadd Idris, recalling the mountain, Cadair Idris. Then, in 1966, Lady Megan Lloyd George, visited the building to present a petition signed by 240,000 people to Goronwy Roberts calling for a Parliament for Wales.
The assembly rooms were subsequently used for dances, concerts, and theatrical performances. A season of performances of Shakespeare's tragedy, Hamlet, took place between January and April 1955, and the Dolgellau Amateur Dramatic Society, which was formed in 1978, performed in the building for many years. In October 1991, the assembly rooms were the venue for a meeting of the Snowdonia Society at which the conservationist, Esmé Kirby, who had led the society for 24 years, eventually stood down as its chair. The last dance function, aptly titled the Last Waltz, was held in August 2000.
Following the completion of an extensive programme of refurbishment works costing £1.2 million, the building re-opened as the home to the National Centre for Folk Music, known as Tŷ Siamas, in June 2007.
# Roman Catholic Diocese of Hsinchu

The Diocese of Hsinchu (traditional Chinese: 天主教新竹教區; simplified Chinese: 天主教新竹教区; pinyin: Tiānzhǔjiào Xīnzhú Jiàoqū; Latin: Dioecesis Hsinchuensis) is a Latin Church diocese of the Catholic Church in Taiwan.
Erected as the Diocese of Hsinchu in 1962, the diocese is suffragan to the Archdiocese of Taipei.
The current bishop is John Baptist Lee Keh-mien, appointed in November 2006.

## Ordinaries

* Petrus Pao-Zin Tou † (21 Mar 1961 Appointed - 29 Jun 1983 Resigned)
* Lucas Liu Hsien-tang (29 Jun 1983 Succeeded - 4 Dec 2004 Retired)
* James Liu Tan-kuei (4 Dec 2004 Appointed - 30 May 2005 Resigned)
* John Baptist Lee Keh-mien (6 Apr 2006 Appointed - )
# Lantfred

Lantfred of Fleury (Latin: Lantfredus; Old English: Landfrið; Old High German: Landfred), also known as Lantfred of Winchester, was a 10th and 11th century Anglo-Saxon monk who lived in Winchester, Hampshire, England. He was originally from the French town of Fleury-sur-Loire. Lantfred is famous for having written Vita S. Swithuni ("The Life of St. Swithun") and Translatio et miracula S. Swithuni ("The Translation and Miracles of St. Swithun"), the oldest known account of St. Swithun's life. He also wrote Vita S. Birini ("The Life of St. Birinus").
# Floyara

The floyara (Ukrainian: Флояра) (Floyarka) is a more perfected form of the sopilka. It is characterized as an open ended notched flute. The floyara is a pipe of approximately a metre in length. One end is sharpened and the breath is broken against one of the sides of the tube at the playing end. Six holes in groups of three are burnt out in the centre of the instrument. It was often played at funerals in the Carpathian Mountains. The floyarka is a smaller version of the floyara and is similar to the sopilka and frilka. The floyara is approximately 60 cm (24 in) long. The mouthpiece is sharpened into a cone-like edge and the instrument produces a sound similar to that of the flute. Shepherds were also able to accompany themselves with glutteral humming which produced an ostinato tone or drone. The floyarka is often called a frilka or sometimes zubivka in central Ukraine.
The name is rather a contaminant from a Greek-Romanian filiation (more spread is the Slavic sopilka).
# Chinta Kamodi

Chinta Kamodi (Odia: ଚିନ୍ତା କାମୋଦୀ, romanized: chintā kāmodi) is a rāga belonging to the tradition of Odissi music. Falling under the meḷa Sri, the raga uses both suddha nisada and komala nisada swaras and is traditionally associated with the bhakti rasa. Occasionally, the komala gandhara is employed in a bakra prayoga.

## Structure

An ancient raga, Chinta Kamodi is accepted as one of the primary melas in Odissi music due to its prominence. It has been used by hundreds of poet-composers for well-over the past many centuries. Its bakra or devious aroha-abaroha are given below:
Aroha: S R M P D S
Abaroha: S N D n D P M G R S

## Compositions

Some of the well-known traditional compositions in this raga include:
* Ahe Nila Saila by Salabega
* Mana Uddharana Kara He Karana by Upendra Bhanja
# Metsadzor

40°23′N 44°03′E﻿ / ﻿40.383°N 44.050°E﻿ / 40.383; 44.050
Metsadzor (Armenian: Մեծաձոր) is a village in the Metsadzor Municipality of the Aragatsotn Province of Armenia. Most inhabitants are Yezidis – the town's name means "waterless" in Kurdish.
# Deh Lachin

Deh Lachin (Persian: ده لاچين, also Romanized as Deh Lāchīn and Deh-e Lāchīn; also known as Deh Laki) is a village in Dashtab Rural District, in the Central District of Baft County, Kerman Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 51, in 10 families.
# Loudonville Flour Mill

Loudonville, Ohio is positioned along the Black Fork River, which makes it an ideal location for a mill. Although names, ownership, and even buildings have changed over the years, there has been a mill operating in the same spot in town since 1818.

## Skinner's Mill

In 1818, Alex Skinner built the first mill along the Black Fork River in Loudonville. The mill flourished, and in 1861 it was acquired by Augustus Taylor, who expanded the business and doubled production capacity. Taylor hired a man named Jacob Stitzel, who discovered a way to produce a high grade of flour. His "patent flour" was made using a burr grinder, a process that remained a mystery to many other millers until the introduction of roller mills revolutionized the industry. In 1876, Stitzel oversaw a display of patent flour at the Philadelphia Centennial. Eventually, his flour became the national standard, and it continues to be the main form of flour used in the United States.

## Northwestern Milling and Elevator Company

After Taylor's death, the Northwestern Milling and Elevator Company (as it was then known) hired H.J. BeBout to modernize the facilities. BeBout increased production to 350 barrels per day and storage capacity to over 65,000 bushels before leading a group of local investors to purchase the mill. A 1913 flood heavily damaged the mill, but BeBout remodeled it in 1914 and 1916, doubling the production and storage capability.

## Setbacks, Growth, and the Mill Today

The mill was the largest and most modern in the state until November 1922, when a fire destroyed everything except the cement storage units. Because the loss was only partly covered by insurance, about 50 men lost their jobs in the aftermath of the fire. H.J. BeBout immediately set about building a new, bigger, even more modern mill, which successfully operated for many years under the title Loudonville Milling Company. In 1947, the mill was purchased by Standard Milling Company. In the 1980s it was sold to Sunshine Biscuit Company and then to ConAgra Mills, under which management it continues to operate today.
# Julie Salmon

Julie Salmon (born 8 July 1965) is a British former international tennis player. She competed in the Fed Cup a number of times, from 1988 to 1993. She was the last British survivor in singles competition at Wimbledon 1988, reaching the third round.
# Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Cotonou

The Archdiocese of Cotonou (Latin: Archidioecesis Cotonuensis) is the Latin Church archdiocese of the Catholic Church in Cotonou in Benin. It is the metropolitan see of the ecclesiastical province of Cotonou.

## History

* 26 June 1883: Established as Apostolic Prefecture of Dahomey from the Apostolic Vicariate of Benin Coast, Nigeria
* 25 May 1901: Promoted as Apostolic Vicariate of Dahomey
* 13 May 1948: Renamed as Apostolic Vicariate of Ouidah
* 14 September 1955: Promoted as Metropolitan Archdiocese of Cotonou

## Special churches

The seat of the archbishop is the cathedral of Notre Dame de Miséricorde (Our Lady of Mercy) in Cotonou. Basilique de l'Immaculée Conception (Basilica of the Immaculate Conception) is a minor basilica in Cotonou.

## Bishops

* Metropolitan Archbishops of Cotonou, in reverse chronological order
** Roger Houngbédji: 25 June 2016 – present
** Antoine Ganyé [fr]: 21 August 2010 – 25 June 2016; formerly bishop of Dassa-Zoume, Benin
** Marcel Honorat Léon Agboton: 5 March 2005 – 21 August 2010
** Nestor Assogba: 29 October 1999 – 5 March 2005
** Isidore de Souza: 27 December 1990 – 13 March 1999
** Christophe Adimou [fr]: 28 June 1971 – 27 December 1990
** Bernardin Gantin: 5 January 1960 – 28 June 1971; appointed Secretary of the Congregation for the Evangelization of Peoples; future cardinal

### Coadjutor archbishop

* Isidore de Souza (1981-1990)

### Auxiliary bishop

* Bernardin Gantin (1956-1960), appointed Archbishop here; future cardinal

### Other priests of this diocese who became bishops

* Lucien Monsi-Agboka, appointed Bishop of Abomey in 1963
* Martin Adjou Moumouni [fr], appointed Bishop of N'Dali in 1999
* Eugène Cyrille Houndékon [fr], appointed Bishop of Abomey in 2007

## Suffragan dioceses

* Abomey
* Dassa-Zoumé
* Lokossa
* Porto Novo
# Kieran Crichlow

Kieran Crichlow (born 31 July 1981) is a retired footballer who played as a striker. Born in England, he represented Barbados at international level.

## Club career

He played for a number of English non-league clubs, including Hounslow Borough, Molesey, Witney United and Hampton & Richmond Borough.

## International career

Crichlow made his debut for Barbados in a May 2008 friendly match against Trinidad & Tobago.
# 2008 Emerald Bowl

The 2008 Emerald Bowl, part of the 2008–09 NCAA football bowl games season, was played on December 27, 2008, at AT&T Park, the home field of the Giants in San Francisco, California. The Miami Hurricanes of the ACC were matched against the California Golden Bears of the Pac-10, the first appearance by either team in the seven-year history of the Emerald Bowl.
With a 24–17 victory over Miami, Cal improved its record to 10–8–1 all-time in bowl games, and 2–2 all-time vs. Miami. Miami fell to 18–14 all-time in bowl games. California and Miami had met three times previously, with Miami holding a 2–1 advantage. The first meeting resulted in a 9–7 win by Cal in Miami on October 10, 1964. Miami won the next two meetings, 31–3 on September 16, 1989, in Miami, and 52–24 on September 15, 1990, in Berkeley.

## Records

A number of Emerald Bowl records were set in this game:
* Attendance: 42,268
* Longest Pass Play: 74 yards; Nate Longshore to Verran Tucker (California)
* Most Yards Rushing: 186 yards, Jahvid Best (California)
* Longest Rush: 42 yards, Jahvid Best (California)
* Quarterback Sacks By: 2, Zack Follett (California)
* Most Total Plays: 124, Miami (73) vs. California (51)

## Scoring summary

| Scoring Play | Score |
| 1st Quarter ||
| Cal - Jahvid Best 1-yard TD run (Giorgio Tavecchio kick), 7:15 | Cal 7-0 |
| Cal - Best 42-yard TD run (Tavecchio kick), 4:55 | Cal 14-0 |
| 2nd Quarter ||
| Miami - LaRon Byrd 9-yard TD pass from Jacory Harris (Matt Bosher kick), 12:54 | Cal 14-7 |
| 3rd Quarter ||
| Miami - Thearon Collier 6-yard TD pass from Harris (Bosher kick), 7:34 | Tie 14-14 |
| Cal - Tavecchio 23-yard FG, :27 | Cal 17-14 |
| 4th Quarter ||
| Miami - Bosher 22-yard FG, 9:13 | Tie 17-17 |
| Cal - Anthony Miller 2-yard TD pass from Nate Longshore (Tavecchio kick), 2:41 | Cal 24-17 |
# Merle Liivand

Merle Liivand (also known as Eco Mermaid and Merle The Mermaid; born 17 April 1991) is an Estonian Olympic swimmer and environmental activist.

## Career

As of 2015, Liivand was teaching swimming lessons at St. Francis College's mermaid school. In May 2022, she completed a 26.22 miles (42.19 kilometers) swim while wearing a silicone monofin in 11 hours and 54 seconds. The swim took place in Florida and came after her latest 18.6 miles (30 kilometers) record, which was achieved in 9 hours and 19 minutes.
In 2023, she swam for 30 miles (50 kilometers) for 14 hours and 15 minutes around Biscayne Bay in Miami, Florida. The goal of swimming for 30 miles was set to allude to the United Nations Environment Program's "30x30" goals for 2030. During the swim, she picked up garbage in the water with a plastic bag. In that year, Liivand had received five Guinness World Records awards related to swimming.
According to Liivand, she started attempting to raise awareness about marine pollution after observing high concentrations of garbage in the sea and on the beach during the 2016 Olympic games at Rio de Janeiro. She stated that she had planned to swim at the Biscayne Bay at one point, but canceled the event due to the concentration of toxic debris and plastic in the water. She stated that, during a training session prior to her June 2022 swim in Florida, she nearly ingested microplastics while breathing in the water.

## Personal life

Liivand was born in Tallinn. She started swimming as a child due to her breathing problems. She moved from Estonia to Florida at the age of 10. She lives in Miami Beach, Florida.
# Cesvaine Parish

Cesvaine Parish (Latvian: Cesvaines pagasts) is an administrative unit of Madona Municipality, Latvia. It was created in 2010 from the countryside territory of Cesvaine town. At the beginning of 2014, the population of the parish was 1356.

## Towns, villages and settlements of Cesvaine parish

* Graši
* Kārkli
* Kārzdaba
* Kraukļi
# Baba Marta Beach

Baba Marta Beach (Bulgarian: бряг Баба Марта, romanized: bryag Baba Marta, IPA:) is the ice-free beach on the south coast of Nelson Island in the South Shetland Islands, Antarctica, extending 1.8 km eastwards from Ross Point. Its surface area is 43 ha. The area was visited by early 19th century sealers.
The beach is named after the Bulgarian mythical figure Baba (Grandma) Marta associated with winter, in relation to working in the harsh Antarctic environment.

## Location

Baba Marta Beach is centred at 62°20′55″S 59°06′09″W﻿ / ﻿62.34861°S 59.10250°W﻿ / -62.34861; -59.10250, which is 4.1 km southeast of The Toe, 6.3 km west of Ivan Alexander Point and 2.85 km west-northwest of Vidaurre Point, the south extremity of the island. British mapping of the area in 1968.

## Maps

* Livingston Island to King George Island. Scale 1:200000. Admiralty Nautical Chart 1776. Taunton: UK Hydrographic Office, 1968
* South Shetland Islands. Scale 1:200000 topographic map No. 3373. DOS 610 - W 62 58. Tolworth, UK, 1968
* Antarctic Digital Database (ADD). Scale 1:250000 topographic map of Antarctica. Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research (SCAR). Since 1993, regularly upgraded and updated
# Loppersum

Loppersum (Dutch pronunciation: ; Gronings: Loppersom) is a village and former municipality in the province of Groningen in the northeast of the Netherlands.

## Geography

Loppersum is located in the province of Groningen in the north of the Netherlands.
The former municipality was bordered by the municipalities of Eemsmond (north), Delfzijl (east), Appingedam (east), Slochteren (southeast), Ten Boer (south), and Bedum (southwest).
The population centres in the municipality were:
* Eekwerd
* Eekwerderdraai
* Eenum
* Fraamklap
* Garrelsweer
* Garsthuizen
* Hoeksmeer
* Honderd
* Huizinge
* Kolhol
* Leermens
* Loppersum
* Lutjerijp
* Lutjewijtwerd
* Merum
* Middelstum
* Oosterwijtwerd
* Startenhuizen
* Stedum
* Stork
* Toornwerd
* Westeremden
* Westerwijtwerd
* Wirdum
* Wirdumerdraai
* 't Zandt
* Zeerijp
* Zijldijk

## Government

The second to last mayor of Loppersum was Albert Rodenboog of the Christian Democratic Appeal (CDA). He was chosen as best local administrator by the professional magazine Binnenlands Bestuur in 2013.

## Monuments

The Petrus en Pauluskerk is a national heritage site (rijksmonument) in Loppersum.
Of the borg of Ewsum in Middelstum a single defense tower remains today.

## Transportation

The Groningen–Delfzijl railway runs through the municipality from east to west with the railway stations of Stedum and Loppersum.

## Notable residents

* Titia van der Tuuk (1854 in 't Zandt – 1939) a Dutch feminist atheist and teetotal, vegetarian pacifist
* Johannes de Groot (1914 in Garrelsweer – 1972) a Dutch mathematician and topologist
* Jan Pesman (1931 in Stedum – 2014) a Dutch long-distance speed skater, bronze medallist at the 1960 Winter Olympics
* Haijo Apotheker (born 1950 in Loppersum) a Dutch politician
* Laurens W. Molenkamp (born 1956 in Garrelsweer) a Professor of physics, works on semiconductor structures and topological insulators

## Gallery

* Garrelsweer, reformed church
* Leermens, dorpshuis
* Middelstum, Kerkpad
* Bridge over the Godlinzermaar
# Dragan Bogdanic

Dragan Bogdanic (born 5 July 1965 in Teslic, Yugoslavia) is a Bosnian Serb politician and former Health Minister of Republika Srpska. Previously, he was a CEO of Banja Vrucica, a medical center in Bosnia and Herzegovina.
He studied medicine in Banja Luka and Belgrade.
He is married and has one child.
# 1,2-Dichlorotetrafluoroethane

1,2-Dichlorotetrafluoroethane, or R-114, also known as cryofluorane (INN), is a chlorofluorocarbon (CFC) with the molecular formula ClF$_2$CCF$_2$Cl. Its primary use has been as a refrigerant. It is a non-flammable gas with a sweetish, chloroform-like odor with the critical point occurring at 145.6 °C and 3.26 MPa. When pressurized or cooled, it is a colorless liquid. It is listed on the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change's list of ozone depleting chemicals, and is classified as a Montreal Protocol Class I, group 1 ozone depleting substance.

## Uses

When used as a refrigerant, R-114 is classified as a medium pressure refrigerant.
The U.S. Navy uses R-114 in its centrifugal chillers in preference to R-11 to avoid air and moisture leakage into the system. While the evaporator of an R-11 charged chiller runs at a vacuum during operation, R-114 yields approximately 0 psig operating pressure in the evaporator.
Manufactured and sold R-114 was usually mixed with the non symmetrical isomer 1,1-dichlorotetrafluoroethane (CFC-114a), as separation of the two isomers is difficult.

## Dangers

Aside from its immense environmental impacts, R114, like most chlorofluoroalkanes, forms phosgene gas when exposed to a naked flame.
# Passu Sar

Passu Sar (Urdu: پسو سر; or Passu Sar, Passu I) is a mountain peak in the Batura Muztagh, a sub-range of the Karakoram mountain range, in the Hunza District of Gilgit-Baltistan, Pakistan. It is the high point of the Passu massif, which also includes Passu Diar (or "Passu East", "Pasu II"). The peak lies on the main ridge of the Batura Muztagh, about 7 km (4 mi) east of Batura Sar.
The date of the first successful ascent of Passu Sar is disputed. It has been reported as first climbed on 7 August 1994 by the German team of Max Wallner, Dirk Naumann, Ralf Lehmann, and Volker Wurnig. Another report claims it was climbed in 1978 by a Japanese-Pakistani team.