OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Jodrell Bank Centre for Astrophysics

The Jodrell Bank Centre for Astrophysics at the University of Manchester, is among the largest astrophysics groups in the UK. It includes the Jodrell Bank Observatory, the MERLIN/VLBI National Facility, and the Jodrell Bank Visitor Centre. The centre was formed after the merger of the Victoria University of Manchester and UMIST which brought two astronomy groups together. The Jodrell Bank site also hosts the headquarters of the SKA Observatory (SKAO) - the International Governmental Organisation (IGO) tasked with the delivery and operation of the Square Kilometre Array, created on the signing of the Rome Convention in 2019. The SKA will be the largest telescope in the world - construction is expected to start at the end of this decade.
The JBCA is part of the School of Physics and Astronomy. The current director is Professor Michael Garrett.

## Research

The research at the Centre focuses on:
* Astrochemistry
* Astrophysical masers
* The Cosmic Microwave Background
* Galaxy formation and evolution
* Gravitational lenses
* Theoretical astrophysics and cosmology
* Planetary nebulae
* Pulsars
* Stellar physics (including star formation and solar plasmas)
* Development of telescope receivers

## Jodrell Bank Observatory

The Jodrell Bank Observatory, located near Goostrey and Holmes Chapel in Cheshire, has played an important role in the research of meteors, quasars, pulsars, masers and gravitational lenses, and was heavily involved with the tracking of space probes at the start of the Space Age.
The main telescope at the observatory is the Lovell Telescope, which is the third largest steerable radio telescope in the world. There are three other active telescopes located at the observatory; the Mark II, as well as 42 ft and 7m-diameter radio telescopes. Jodrell Bank Observatory is also the base of the Multi-Element Radio Linked Interferometer Network (MERLIN), a National Facility run by the University of Manchester on behalf of UK Research and Innovation.
# Gordon Castle

Gordon Castle is a country house located near Fochabers in the parish of Bellie in Moray, Scotland. It was the principal seat of the Dukes of Gordon and was originally called Bog-of-Gight. The six-storey medieval tower dates from 1498 and in the late 18th century it was incorporated into the centre of a huge Neoclassical house. The castle was used as a military hospital during the First World War, and in 1954 all but the central tower and the east wing pavilion were demolished due to dry rot.

## History

The original castle was built by George Gordon, 2nd Earl of Huntly in the 1470s and enlarged by his grandson and George Gordon, 1st Marquess of Huntly. An inventory of the contents from November 1648 mentions lavish beds and a "hen house", a parrot cage in the long gallery.
The first wave of substantial extension was undertaken by Alexander Gordon, 2nd Duke of Gordon in the 1720s, greatly increasing the floorplan in relation to the original tower house.
Architect John Adam was commissioned, alongside the exiled Huguenot (French) architect Abraham Roumieu, to redesign the castle in 1764, but this did not come to fruition. Eventually the commission fell to the lesser-known Edinburgh architect, John Baxter, who rebuilt it in 1769 for Alexander Gordon, 4th Duke of Gordon. The central four-storey block incorporated a six-storey medieval tower called the Bog-of-Gight, and was flanked by a pair of two-storey wings. In 1827 the Aberdeen architect Archibald Simpson was commissioned to redesign the east wing after it was destroyed by fire.
At its peak, the main façade was 568 feet (173 metres) long. Following the deaths of the 7th and 8th dukes within a decade of one another the Gordon Estates of 180,000 acres (73,000 hectares) were put up for sale by the 9th Duke to pay the enormous death duties. The majority of the contents of the castle were sold in 1938, although some family portraits and furniture were removed to Goodwood House. By 1952 large areas of the castle were infested with dry rot.
Most of the castle was demolished, but the 16th-century tower of Bog-of-Gight and one of the wings—now a detached medium-sized country house in its own right—survive.
# Cris Lankenau

Cris Lankenau (born June 24, 1981) is an American actor.

## Biography

Cris Lankenau was born in Miami, Florida and grew up in Orlando and Boca Raton, Florida. He currently resides in Brooklyn, New York.

## Career

After leaving high school in Boca Raton, Lankenau moved to New York and joined with the growing creative community centered in Williamsburg, Brooklyn working as a DJ and writing occasionally for Vice magazine. He soon met filmmakers Aaron Katz and Brendan McFadden and was cast as the lead in Katz’ second feature film, Quiet City. Lankenau and co-star Erin Fisher wrote much of their own dialogue for the movie and according to director Katz: "I had a full 120-page script, but when it came time to shoot it, everything was in the actors' own words. The structure compares to the script scene by scene, but the things that happen in each scene happened through the actors. A lot of times, things would happen in the first take that would be unexpected, and we would talk about how to incorporate them into the scene." Both Lankenau and Fisher received a writing credit on the film and for improvising the music for the closing credits. The film was well received by critics and was nominated for a John Cassavetes Award at the 2007 Independent Spirit Awards.
Lankenau worked with Katz again as the lead in his 2010 mystery, Cold Weather playing Doug, the aimless, Sherlock Holmes obsessed brother to Trieste Kelly Dunn’s character Gail. As with Quiet City, director Katz encouraged the two leads to improvise dialogue and even went so far as to arrange “brother and sister dates” for the actors so they could bond and develop a more natural and authentic sibling relationship on screen. The film received positive reviews and of Lankenau and co-star Raúl Castillo, Chicago Sun-Times critic Roger Ebert wrote: “Cris Lankenau and Raúl Castillo as Doug and Carlos do a very difficult thing here, which is to play young male friends without the slightest shadow of Buddy Movie Syndrome.”
He has most recently starred in two short films: Benny to Benny and Toothbrush.

## Filmography

Actor :
| Year | Title | Role |
| 2007 | Quiet City | Charlie |
| 2010 | Cold Weather | Doug |
| 2010 | Benny to Benny | Benny |
| 2011 | Toothbrush | Ernest |
| 2014 | Red Right Return | Ian |
Writer :
| Year | Title | Notes |
| 2007 | Quiet City | |
# Oleksandr Devlysh

Oleksandr Devlysh (Ukrainian: Олександр Девлиш, born 2 November 1986) is a Ukrainian Paralympic footballer who won a gold medal at the 2008 Summer Paralympics in Beijing, China. During the Paralympics his team beat Brazil 6-0 and then, during the final, beat Russia 2–0. In 2013 he participated at the 2013 Cerebral Palsy Games for which he won top scorer award and where his team won 1–0 against Brazil.
# Montfort, Netherlands

Montfort (Limburgish: Mofert) is a small city in the Dutch province of Limburg. Montfort has about 3,000 inhabitants. It lies about 8 km south of Roermond. It received city rights in 1271 and is renowned for the ruins of Castle Montfort, built in the 13th century.
Until 1991, Montfort was a separate municipality. It then became part of Posterholt, which was later renamed Ambt Montfort.
Since 1 January 2007, Montfort has been part of the municipality of Roerdalen.

## Places of interest

* The ruin of Castle Montfort. This castle was built around 1260 by Hendrik III of Gelre. For centuries it was the governmental centre of Ambt Montfort.
* The presbytery of Montfort is also one of Montfort's historic buildings.
* The mass graves and monuments on the cemetery. Most of the victims of the bombardments of Montfort at the end of the Second World War are buried here. The number of victims was high because at the time Montfort was a regional refugee sanctuary with 6 times its current population.
* The historical centre of Montfort. Most of the buildings in this part of the town are from the late 1950s because most of the original buildings were destroyed during the Second World War.
* The ruin of Castle Montfort
* presbytery of Montfort
* The monuments on the cemetery in Montfort
* Sculpture of "Sjieëper" (Shepherd), by Henk Sillen

## Landscape

* Montfort is surrounded by forests, such as 't Sweeltje, Munichsbosch, Roozendaal and Reigershorst.

## Notable people

* Jos Verstappen (car racing driver)
# National Patriotic Union/Tekki

The National Patriotic Union/Tekki (French: Union nationale patriotique) is a political party in Senegal led by founder Mamadou Lamine Diallo. At the legislative elections of 3 June 2007, the party won 1.29% of the popular vote and 1 out of 150 seats. Tekki won one seat in Dakar, for leader Mamadou Diallo, during the 2017 parliamentary election, as part of the opposition coalition Manko Wattu Sénégal, affiliated with former President Abdoulaye Wade.
# Crooked Lake Provincial Park

Crooked Lake Provincial Park is a recreational provincial park in the south-east region of the Canadian province of Saskatchewan. It is situated along the north-eastern shore of Crooked Lake in the Qu'Appelle Valley in the RM of Grayson No. 184. The community of Sunset Beach is adjacent to the eastern boundary of the park and access is from Highway 247.
Crooked Lake Provincial Park has a campground with electric and non-electric sites, potable water, showers, and washrooms. All of the campsites are a short distance from Crooked Lake, which has a beach and picnic area, boat launch, and fish cleaning station. Fish commonly found in the lake include walleye, perch, and northern pike.
# List of Philadelphia Flyers general managers

The Philadelphia Flyers are a professional ice hockey team based in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. They are members of the Metropolitan Division of the National Hockey League's (NHL) Eastern Conference. The Flyers were founded in 1967 as one of six expansion teams, increasing the size of the NHL at that time to twelve teams.
Since the franchise was established, the team has had ten general managers, including Keith Allen, who built the Flyers teams that won two Stanley Cups in 1974 and 1975, and was inducted into the Hockey Hall of Fame in 1992. Allen served the longest single stint, 14 seasons, as Flyers GM while Bob Clarke served the most seasons (19) over two stints. Daniel Briere is the team’s current general manager.

## Key

Key of terms and definitions :
| Term | Definition |
| No. | Number of general managers |
| Ref(s) | References |
| – | Does not apply |
| † | Elected to the Hockey Hall of Fame in the Builder category |

## General managers

General managers of the Philadelphia Flyers :
| No. | Name | Tenure | Accomplishments during this term |
| 1 | Bud Poile† | May 31, 1966 – December 19, 1969 (1966-05-31 – 1969-12-19) | 1 division title 2 playoff appearances |
| 2 | Keith Allen† | December 22, 1969 – May 27, 1983 (1969-12-22 – 1983-05-27) | Won Stanley Cup twice (1974, 1975) 2 additional Stanley Cup Finals appearances 4 Campbell Conference titles 6 division titles 12 playoff appearances |
| 3 | Bob McCammon | May 27, 1983 – April 25, 1984 (1983-05-27 – 1984-04-25) | 1 playoff appearance |
| 4 | Bob Clarke | May 15, 1984 – April 16, 1990 (1984-05-15 – 1990-04-16) | 2 Eastern Conference titles 3 division titles 5 playoff appearances |
| 5 | Russ Farwell | June 6, 1990 – June 15, 1994 (1990-06-06 – 1994-06-15) | |
| 6 | Bob Clarke | June 15, 1994 – October 22, 2006 (1994-06-15 – 2006-10-22) | 1 Eastern Conference title 5 division titles 11 playoff appearances |
| 7 | Paul Holmgren | October 22, 2006 – May 7, 2014 (2006-10-22 – 2014-05-07) | 1 Eastern Conference title 1 division title 6 playoff appearances |
| 8 | Ron Hextall | May 7, 2014 – November 26, 2018 (2014-05-07 – 2018-11-26) | 2 playoff appearances |
| 9 | Chuck Fletcher | December 3, 2018 – March 10, 2023 (2018-12-03 – 2023-03-10) | 1 playoff appearance |
| 10 | Daniel Briere | March 10, 2023 – present (2023-03-10 – present) | |
* Bud Poile, shown here during his playing career with the Toronto Maple Leafs, was the team's first general manager.
* Keith Allen, shown here during his playing career, won two Stanley Cups as the team's general manager.
* Bob Clarke, shown here during the warmup for the 2012 Winter Classic Alumni Game, served 19 seasons over two stints as general manager.
* The Flyers reached the Stanley Cup Finals in 2010 during Paul Holmgren's tenure as general manager.
* Ron Hextall was the team's general manager for five seasons.
# Sahl ben Matzliah

Sahl ben Matzliah (Hebrew: סהל בן מצליח הכהן, Sahl Ben Matzliah HaCohen) (910–990), also known as Abu al-Sari was a Karaite philosopher and writer.
Born in Jerusalem, he belonged to the Rechabites, and was one of the apostles of the Karaites who traveled extensively to win new adherents for Karaism and thereby strengthen the failing faith of their coreligionists. He was distinguished for his profound knowledge of Biblical and post-Biblical literature, and was a master of Arabic. Although he was one of Saadia Gaon's bitterest enemies, most of his attacks were directed against Samuel ben Jacob, a pupil of the gaon. The subject of his polemics, as with his predecessors, was the abolition of purification laws and of the lighting of lights and drawing of water on the Sabbath. He often reproaches the Rabbinites for preaching and teaching for the sake of gain, asserting that their aims are not as free from selfishness as those of the Karaites. Sahl's polemics throw much light upon the degree of laxness in religious ceremonial prevalent in his time. Thus he complains against the Rabbinites that in many matters they openly made common cause with non-Jews and were thereby led astray from the strict observance of the dietary laws.
Sahl was especially interested in calendric questions, and in one of his writings reviews the whole controversy between Rabbi Meïr of Jerusalem and Saadia in order to draw attention to the conciliatory disposition of the Palestinian Jews. He rendered valuable services to Karaism by establishing four fundamental exegetical principles. These four principles were:
* the laying of special emphasis on the literal interpretation of the Scriptures
* speculation
* inference by analogy (hekkesh)
* the agreement of the totality.
By these principles he made possible the acceptance by Karaism of many decisions not found in the Bible, and also brought about the introduction of many modifications in the ceremonial.
Sahl was the author of the following works:
* "Mishneh Torah," commentary on the Pentateuch (mentioned in "Orḥot Ẓaddiḳim," p. 24b; see Salomon Munk, "Notice sur Abul Walid Merwan ibn Djanah," iv. 6
* commentary on the books of Isaiah and Daniel (often mentioned in the "Ba'al ha-Mibḥar" of Aaron ben Joseph)
* "Sefer Dinim" (a copy of this work, possessed by Dr. Munk, is entitled "Sefer ha-Miẓwot" and is ascribed to Samuel Rofe)
* "Sefer ha-Miẓwot"
* a grammatical-lexical work entitled "Leshon Limmudin" (Fürst, "Gesch. des Kaiäert." ii.91)
* "Sefer Diḳduḳe," a Hebrew grammar
* a long letter against Jacob ben Samuel, protesting against public insult, and abuse (found by Elijah Yerushalmi in Jerusalem)
* ten unpublished responsa against Elijah Yerushalmi
* an anti-Rabbinite poem, his name being given in acrostic
* "Iggeret Toḥakat," or "Sefer Toḥakat."
# Charab

Charab (Persian: چراب, also Romanized as Charāb) is a village in Eram Rural District, Eram District, Dashtestan County, Bushehr Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 87, in 16 families.
# Ararat Stadium

35°46′04″N 51°24′05″E﻿ / ﻿35.767895°N 51.401253°E﻿ / 35.767895; 51.401253
Ararat Stadium (Armenian: Արարատ մարզադաշտ; Persian: ورزشگاه آرارات) is a football stadium with 10,000 seats built in 1971 and located in the Ararat Sports Complex in the Vanak neighbourhood of Tehran, Iran. It is named after Mount Ararat, the highest mountain of the Armenian Highlands in what is now Turkey. The complex is owned by the Armenian Cultural Ararat Organization founded in 1944, one of the largest associations of Iranian Armenians. The stadium is used by Ararat Tehran, who play in the Tehran Provincial League. It has also been used by the Iran women's national football team for their home matches.

## Location and architecture

The complex covers an area of 74,000 square meters in form of a triangle. The football stadium of FC Ararat Tehran with 10,000 seats was built in 1971. Near the stadium in the southeastern part of the complex, there is the Holy Cross Chapel (Surp Khatch), built in part in memory of the Iranian Armenian soldiers who lost their lives in the Iran–Iraq War.
The Ararat Sports Complex has also two swimming pools, indoor basketball courts, billiard tables, a rock climbing facility, badminton courts, tennis fields, and a sports museum.

## Cultural life

According to participants, the Sports Complex has its own distinct Armenian atmosphere, with signs appearing in Armenian script, Armenian coffee served, traditional Armenian music is played, and Persian is reportedly rarely spoken.
However, there are inter-ethnic activities, e.g. football matches, where general Islamic regulations have to be followed. In September 2016, the Pan-Armenian Games were held in the Ararat Complex of Tehran with about 800 Armenian athletes from Iran, Armenia and Georgia participating. At the opening ceremony, Ali Younesi, Hassan Rouhani’s Aide in Religious Minorities’ Affairs, was present.

## Famous athletes

The most important sports club playing in Ararat Stadium is FC Ararat Tehran, a football club that existed from 1944 to 2009 and was dissolved because it was bankrupt. However, it was refounded in 2014, and in 2015 it was playing in the Tehran Province league.
After the Islamic Revolution, it was Andranik Teymourian who started his career at Ararat Stadium, later played for the Bolton Wanderers F.C. in the English Premier League, then for Esteghlal F.C. and Tractor Sazi F.C. and in 2015 was appointed new captain of the Iran national football team.
# Knežja Njiva

Knežja Njiva (pronounced, German: Grafenacker) is a small village to the northeast above Markovec in the Municipality of Loška Dolina in the Inner Carniola region of Slovenia. It is known locally as Gorenja.

## Church

The local church in the settlement is dedicated to the Holy Trinity and belongs to the parish of Stari Trg.
# Damian

Damian (Latin: Damianus) may refer to:
* Damian (given name)
* Damian (surname)
* Damian Subdistrict, in Longquanyi District, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
# Virovsko

Virovsko (Bulgarian: Вировско) is a village in Vratsa Municipality, Vratsa Province, Bulgaria.
# George Sigourney Acker

George Sigourney Acker (December 25, 1835 – September 6, 1879) was a Union Army officer in the American Civil War.
Early in the conflict, Acker enlisted in the 1st Michigan Cavalry and was commissioned as captain of Company I. He participated in the battles in the Shenandoah Valley in spring 1862 and the Second Battle of Bull Run. In late 1862 he attained the rank of lieutenant colonel. In early 1863 he was assigned to the 9th Michigan Cavalry. He then participated in the operation against the raids of Confederate General John Hunt Morgan in Kentucky and Ohio. He participated in the Battle of Buffington Island in Ohio. After the capture of Morgan, Acker was posted with his regiment in the forces of General Ambrose Burnside in eastern Tennessee.
Acker was injured November 14, 1863 at Bean's Station. Recovered from his injuries, he returned to the ranks as a colonel in the spring of 1864. He participated again in an operation against the troops of General Morgan and fight in Kentucky and Tennessee until October 1864. After this campaign, he was assigned to General William Tecumseh Sherman and participated in the march to the sea and the countryside of the Carolinas. He received a brevet promotion to brigadier general on March 13, 1865.
Colonel Acker died on September 6, 1879, in Kalamazoo, Michigan and is buried in Union City, in the state of Michigan.
# Baruipur College

Baruipur College, established in 1981, is an undergraduate college in Baruipur, West Bengal, India. It is affiliated with the University of Calcutta.

## Departments

As of August 2018 Baruipur College is headed by Chanchal Kumar Mandal as the Principal.

### Science

* Botany
* Zoology
* Physiology

### Arts and Commerce

* Bengali
* English
* History
* Political Science
* Geography
* Philosophy
* Journalism and Mass Communication
* Education
* Economics
* Commerce

## Accreditation

Baruipur College is recognized by the University Grants Commission (UGC). It has been accredited and awarded C+ grade in 2007, by the National Assessment and Accreditation Council (NAAC).
# Bezengi Glacier

The Bezengi Glacier (Karachay-Balkar: Uluchiran) is a vast valley-type glacier in the Republic of Kabardino-Balkaria, Russia, near the northern slope of the Main Caucasian Range of the Caucasus.

## Morphology

The Bezengi Glacier runs from the peaks of Shkhara and Janga until it drops to height 2000 m. Glacier area 36 km, length 17.6 km, tongue about 9 km. Much of the tongue of the mare is covered with moraines and fragments. The Bezengi Glacier is a source of the river Cherek.
# Maikel Verkoelen

Maikel Franciscus Wilhelmus Verkoelen (born 18 March 1992) is a Dutch footballer who plays as a centre back for RKSV Mierlo-Hout in the Dutch Tweede Klasse.

## Club career

Verkoelen joined PSV at the age of eight, and eleven years later Verkoelen signed a professional contract at the age of 19. He played against SV Ried in the Europa League qualifying round on 18 August 2011, only make a one-minute appearance after coming on the 90th minute for Marcelo. In September 2011, Verkoelen made his cup debut against VVSB which PSV won 8–0 and Verkoelen set up the sixth goal that was scored by Jürgen Locadia.
In July 2012, Verkoelen joined FC Eindhoven on a season-long loan. He made his debut for the club against MVV, playing the full 90 minutes. Verkoelen scored his first goal for the club on his fifth appearance for FC Eindhoven, in the 3–4 home loss against Helmond Sport.
After having trained with Jong PSV for the first half of the season, Verkoelen signed a deal with German side Sportfreunde Siegen in January 2014. He only stayed until the end of the season.
On 4 August 2014, Verkoelen signed a two-year deal with Dutch Eerste Divisie side RKC Waalwijk after a successful trial. In May 2016, it was announced that Verkoelen had signed with Helmond Sport. He moved to TOP Oss in August 2018, but returned to Helmond Sport six months later.
Ahead of the 2019–20 season, Verkoelen signed with TEC in the third-tier Tweede Divisie. He was, however, released in September 2019, after reacting erroneous when substituted at halftime in a match against Kozakken Boys. He then moved to UNA in the same month. After the season, Verkoelen joined Mierlo-Hout in the seventh-tier Tweede Klasse.

## International career

Verkoelen has been capped at Netherlands U17 and Netherlands U19 level.
# Roman Catholic Diocese of San Francisco

For the Archdiocese in California, USA, please see Roman Catholic Archdiocese of San Francisco
The Roman Catholic Diocese of San Francisco (Latin: Dioecesis Franciscopolitanus) is in Argentina and is a suffragan of the Archdiocese of Córdoba.

## History

On 10 April 1961, Blessed John XXIII established the Diocese of San Francisco from the Archdiocese of Córdoba.

## Ordinaries

* Pedro Reginaldo Lira † (1961–1965)
* Agustín Adolfo Herrera † (1965–1988)
* Baldomero Carlos Martini (1988–2004) Appointed Bishop of San Justo
* Carlos José Tissera (2004–2011) Appointed Bishop of Quilmes
* Sergio Osvaldo Buenanueva (2013–present)
# Svetla Durchova

Svetla Nikolova Durchova (Bulgarian: Светла Николова Дурчова; born 24 October 1960) is a Bulgarian rower. She competed in the women's coxed four event at the 1988 Summer Olympics.