OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Artur Petrosyan

Artur Petrosyan (Armenian: Արթուր Պետրոսյան; born 17 December 1971) is an Armenian football coach and a former midfielder. He is the manager of Swiss club FC Thalwil.

## Playing career

Petrosyan was the all-time leading scorer for the Armenia national team, having scored 11 goals, and had participated in 69 international matches since his debut in the national team's first game in a home friendly match against Moldova on 14 October 1992. Henrikh Mkhitaryan overtook Petrosyan as Armenia's all-time scorer in 2013.

## Managerial career

Petrosyan worked as youth coach of FC Zürich, the last club he played for as a professional.
He also worked as the manager of Grasshoppers' under 18 squad.
In October 2016, Petrosyan become the manager of Armenia national team.

## Career statistics

Appearances and goals by national team and year :
| National team | Year | Apps | Goals |
| Armenia | 1992 | 1 | 0 |
| Armenia | 1994 | 5 | 0 |
| Armenia | 1995 | 7 | 1 |
| Armenia | 1996 | 8 | 0 |
| Armenia | 1997 | 8 | 1 |
| Armenia | 1998 | 4 | 0 |
| Armenia | 1999 | 7 | 1 |
| Armenia | 2000 | 9 | 4 |
| Armenia | 2001 | 7 | 1 |
| Armenia | 2002 | 2 | 1 |
| Armenia | 2003 | 7 | 2 |
| Armenia | 2004 | 4 | 0 |
| Total | Total | 69 | 11 |
    Scores and results list Armenia's goal tally first, score column indicates score after each Petrosyan goal.
List of international goals scored by Artur Petrosyan :
| No. | Date | Venue | Opponent | Result | Competition |
| 1 | 15 November 1995 | Denmark | Denmark | 1–3 | UEFA Euro 1996 qualifying |
| 2 | 7 May 1997 | Ukraine | Ukraine | 1–1 | 1998 FIFA World Cup qualification |
| 3 | 9 October 1999 | Andorra | Andorra | 3–0 | UEFA Euro 2000 qualifying |
| 4 | 4 February 2000 | Cyprus | Cyprus | 2–3 | Friendly |
| 5 | 3 June 2000 | Lithuania | Lithuania | 2–1 | Friendly |
| 6 | 7 October 2000 | Armenia | Ukraine | 2–3 | 2002 FIFA World Cup qualification |
| 7 | 7 October 2000 | Armenia | Ukraine | 2–3 | 2002 FIFA World Cup qualification |
| 8 | 6 June 2001 | Armenia | Poland | 1–1 | 2002 FIFA World Cup qualification |
| 9 | 7 September 2002 | Armenia | Ukraine | 2–2 | UEFA Euro 2004 qualifying |
| 10 | 29 March 2003 | Armenia | Northern Ireland | 1–0 | UEFA Euro 2004 qualifying |
| 11 | 7 June 2003 | Ukraine | Ukraine | 3–4 | UEFA Euro 2004 qualifying |

## Managerial statistics

    As of match played 27 March 2018
| Team | From | To | Record | Record | Record | Record | Record |
| Team | From | To | G | W | D | L | Win % |
| Armenia | 2016 | 2018 | 11 | 5 | 2 | 4 | 045.45 |

## Honours

Shirak Gyumri
* Armenian Premier League (4): 1992, 1994, 1995, 1999
* Armenian Supercup (2): 1996, 1999
Maccabi Petach Tikva
* Toto Cup (1): 1999
FC Zürich
* Swiss Cup (1): 2005
* Swiss Super League (1): 2005–06
# Kinjikitile Ngwale

Kinjikitile "Bokero" Ngwale (died August 4, 1905) was a spiritual medium and a leader of the 1905–1907 Maji Maji Rebellion against colonial rule in German East Africa (present day Tanzania).

## Biography

Kinjikitile was a member of the Matumbi people, living in what is now Kilwa District of Lindi Region in Tanzania (then German East Africa, later Tanganyika). The Matumbi practiced religious forms of folk Islam. In 1904, the then relatively unknown Kinjikitile disappeared from his home in Ngarambe. He returned after a few days and claimed that he had been possessed by a spirit medium called Hongo, believed to take the form of a snake. Kinjikitile claimed to have communicated with the deity Bokera through the spirit Hongo. He encouraged his followers to overlook tribal differences and unite against the Germans. Kinjitkile's reputation grew rapidly, drawing followers from the 100,000 square kilometers the territory encompassed. He told his followers that their ancestors had commanded him to lead a rebellion against the German colonial empire. This helped start the Maji Maji Rebellion. His leadership was successful in uniting peoples of separate ethnic groups in German East Africa in a single movement against colonial rule, which is claimed as the first predecessor of a shared Tanzanian national identity. Kinjikitile gave his people 'holy water' (Swahili: maji) - consisting of water mixed with millet and castor oil - claiming that it would protect them from German bullets. His followers wore millet stalks around their foreheads, and were equipped with an arsenal that included cap guns, spears and arrows. The rebellion is considered to have begun on 20 July 1905, with the symbolic destruction of a cotton field worked with forced labour. After a group of Matumbi people attacked the home of a local official in July 1905, Kinjikitile was arrested by German troops.
He was hanged for treason on August 4, 1905. His brother continued Kinjikitile's work and the rebellion continued until 1907, with over 100,000 or 200-300,000 Africans killed in the German suppression of the revolt. Present-day Tanzanians consider the failed rebellion to have been the first stirring of nationalism, and Kinjikitile "Bokero" Ngwale a proto-national hero.

## Legacy in literature

In 1969, Tanzanian playwright Ebrahim Hussein wrote a popular play in the Swahili language entitled Kinjeketile, based on the Maji Maji Rebellion.
# Macau General Post Office

22°11′35.7″N 113°32′24.8″E﻿ / ﻿22.193250°N 113.540222°E﻿ / 22.193250; 113.540222
The Macau General Post Office (Chinese: 澳門郵政局大樓; Portuguese: Edificio Sede dos CTT) is a 3-storey building at the intersection of Senado Square and Avenida de Almeida Ribeiro in Sé, Macau, China. The current building was built in 1929.
# Torra di Santa Maria Chjapella

The Tower of Santa Maria Chjapella (Corsican: Torra di Santa Maria Chjapella) is a ruined Genoese tower located in the commune of Rogliano (Haute Corse) on the east coast of the Corsica. Only part of the tower survives.
The tower was built between 1548 and 1549 for Giacomo Santo Da Mare. It was one of a series of coastal defences constructed by the Republic of Genoa between 1530 and 1620 to stem the attacks by Barbary pirates. The tower was partially destroyed in 1794 by British warships under the command of Horatio Nelson during the French Revolutionary Wars.
The tower is unusually tall and contained two internal room, one above the other, similar to the Torra di a Parata near Ajaccio. In 1991 it was listed as one of the official historical monuments of France. It is owned and maintained by the Collectivité Territoriale de Corse in an agreement with the French government agency, the Conservatoire du littoral. The agency plans to purchase 1,147 hectares (2,830 acres) of the surrounding coastline and as of 2017 had acquired 669 hectares (1,650 acres).
# Mehran Highway

Mehran Highway (Sindhi: مِهِراڻ ُ هاءِوي, Urdu: مهران شاہراہ, also known locally as Nawabshah–Kot Lalu–Kumb Road and officially as Highway 31) is a two-lane-wide, bidirectional, single carriageway, provincially maintained highway in Sindh that extends from Khairpur to Nawabshah. The route is generally rural, passing near several smaller towns including Daur and Bandhi in Shaheed Benazir Abad District and Kot Lalu, Pacca Chang, Karoondi, Sui Gas, and Ranipur in Khairpur District. The northern terminus merges with the N-5 National Highway at Ranipur while the southern terminus merges with N-305 National Highway at Zero Point Nawabshah.

## History

Prior to reconstruction of the Mehran Highway, the route was known as Kumb–Nawabshah Road. Reconstruction of the road had been pending for several years due to red tapism, causing accidents and diseases due to incomplete sections of the road where dust rising after passing of vehicles would also destroy crops alongside. The Sindh Highways Department completed reconstruction in June 2015 and was funded by the Asian Development Bank.

## Deadly Accidents

The Mehran Highway is a high volume traffic road, as it connects Nawabshah and Khairpur districts and offers a shortcut to and from Sukkur. Many heavy transport vehicles which are traveling from Karachi to Punjab, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Gilgit-Baltistan, and Azad Jammu & Kashmir and back, often use this two-lane highway to avoid the N-5 National Highway traffic or toll tax. Police personnel are deployed at highway entrance points to stop high tonnage vehicles from entering but they, instead, take bribes and allow the heavy vehicles to proceed. Due to those heavy vehicles and commuter buses and coaches passing through Mehran highway many deadly accidents have taken place in the past few years.
On 20 August 2013, a passenger bus from Uch Sharif (Bahawalpur) overturned in Thari Mirwah, killing 6 passengers.
On 24 August 2014 a passenger bus traveling southbound from Punjab to Karachi collided at with a van traveling northbound to Thari Mirwah at Kot Lalu killing 10 passengers and injuring 11 others. All deceased were residents of Thari Mirwah.
On 25 March 2015, a Karachi-bound coach from Sadiqabad collided head-on with a Punjab-bound truck near Sui-Gas bus stop on the highway, resulting in the death of at least 16 people and injury of 20.
On 6 July 2018, at least 15 people were killed and 25 injured when a Punjab-bound coach from Karachi, a van and a car collided near Daur town.
In another tragic incident, six people including five schoolchildren were crushed to death by a passenger van, on 29 March 2021, near Kot Lalu.
# John of the Grating

John of the Grating (Latin: Johannes a Craticula, French: Jean de Châtillon; died 1163) was a Cistercian Bishop of Aleth. He moved his episcopal see to Saint-Malo to protect it from pirates.

## Life

John was born in Brittany in 1098. He was made bishop of Aleth in 1144. As bishop his life was embittered by a series of lawsuits with the monks of Marmoutiers. He wished to remove the episcopal see to St. Malo, Aleth being exposed to pirates. But the monks claimed the Church of St. Malo, the pope decided in their favor, and, at length, Pope Lucius II deprived John of his see. He then retired under the protection of Bernard to Clairvaux, until, on the death of Lucius, a monk of Clairvaux (Eugenius III) was elevated to the papal throne. John appealed again and was heard. His rights were restored, and the monks of Marmoutiers were obliged to cede the Church of St. Malo to the bishop.
In 1146, John transferred his bishopric to Saint-Malo with the approval of Pope Eugene III. The monastery of Saint Malo, founded in 1108, became the bishop's official residence and the monastery became a cathedral replacing the previous cathedral of Saint-Pierre at Aleth. All that is left of the Cathedral of Saint-Pierre is some stone ruins.
During his tenure he had to deal with the strange heresy of the fanatical Éon de l'Étoile. John tried by persuasion and instruction to disabuse of their heresy such of the enthusiasts as overran his diocese, and succeeded in converting many.
He would go on to found Sainte-Croix de Guingamp and Saint-Jacques de Montfort Abbeys.
John was buried in the Cathédrale Saint-Vincent-de-Saragosse de Saint-Malo, where his relics lie in a stone 12th-century sarcophagus overlooking the ambulatory. He was given the designation "of the Grating", due to the grating, or metal railing, surrounding his shrine to protect it from the many devout pilgrims. He is depicted in a stained glass window on the north side of the nave.
# Eleazar (son of Dodai)

Eleazar (Hebrew: אֶלְעָזָר, Eləʻāzār; fl. 10th or 9th century) was one of the Three Mighty Warriors and an officer under David, according to 2 Samuel and 1 Chronicles. His father was Dodai or Dodo, and he was a Benjamite through his ancestor Ahoah.
While fighting the Philistines at Ephes Dammim alongside Jashobeam and Shammah, the other two warriors of the Three, Eleazar fought so long and hard his hand clamped onto his sword.
Eleazar, as part of the Three, broke through Philistine lines in Bethlehem to get a drink for David from a well near the gate while they were encamped in the Cave of Adullam, but David poured the water out as a drink offering to God, saying, "Is it not the blood of men who went at the risk of their lives?"
# Stochastic discount factor

The concept of the stochastic discount factor (SDF) is used in financial economics and mathematical finance. The name derives from the price of an asset being computable by "discounting" the future cash flow ${\tilde {x}}_{i}$ by the stochastic factor ${\tilde {m}}$, and then taking the expectation. This definition is of fundamental importance in asset pricing.
If there are n assets with initial prices $p_{1},\ldots ,p_{n}$ at the beginning of a period and payoffs ${\tilde {x}}_{1},\ldots ,{\tilde {x}}_{n}$ at the end of the period (all xs are random (stochastic) variables), then SDF is any random variable ${\tilde {m}}$ satisfying
    $E({\tilde {m}}{\tilde {x}}_{i})=p_{i},{\text{for }}i=1,\ldots ,n.$
The stochastic discount factor is sometimes referred to as the pricing kernel as, if the expectation $E({\tilde {m}}\,{\tilde {x}}_{i})$ is written as an integral, then ${\tilde {m}}$ can be interpreted as the kernel function in an integral transform. Other names sometimes used for the SDF are the "marginal rate of substitution" (the ratio of utility of states, when utility is separable and additive, though discounted by the risk-neutral rate), a "change of measure", "state-price deflator" or a "state-price density".

## Properties

The existence of an SDF is equivalent to the law of one price; similarly, the existence of a strictly positive SDF is equivalent to the absence of arbitrage opportunities (see Fundamental theorem of asset pricing). This being the case, then if $p_{i}$ is positive, by using ${\tilde {R}}_{i}={\tilde {x}}_{i}/p_{i}$ to denote the return, we can rewrite the definition as
    $E({\tilde {m}}{\tilde {R}}_{i})=1,\quad \forall i,$
and this implies
    $E\left[{\tilde {m}}({\tilde {R}}_{i}-{\tilde {R}}_{j})\right]=0,\quad \forall i,j.$
Also, if there is a portfolio made up of the assets, then the SDF satisfies
    $E({\tilde {m}}{\tilde {x}})=p,\quad E({\tilde {m}}{\tilde {R}})=1.$
By a simple standard identity on covariances, we have
    $1=\operatorname {cov} ({\tilde {m}},{\tilde {R}})+E({\tilde {m}})E({\tilde {R}}).$
Suppose there is a risk-free asset. Then ${\tilde {R}}=R_{f}$ implies $E({\tilde {m}})=1/R_{f}$. Substituting this into the last expression and rearranging gives the following formula for the risk premium of any asset or portfolio with return ${\tilde {R}}$:
    $E({\tilde {R}})-R_{f}=-R_{f}\operatorname {cov} ({\tilde {m}},{\tilde {R}}).$
This shows that risk premiums are determined by covariances with any SDF.
# List of museums in Brazil

This is a list of museums in Brazil.
* Cabangu Museum
* Catete Palace
* Cultural Complex of the Republic
* Educational Museum Gama D'Eça
* Ema Gordon Klabin Cultural Foundation
* Eva Klabin Foundation
* Galeria de Artes Álvaro Santos
* House of the Seven Lamps (Portuguese: Casa dos Sete Candeeiros)
* Ilha Fiscal
* Imperial Museum of Brazil
* Mariano Procópio Museum
* Museu Aeroespacial
* Museu de Arte de Ribeirão Preto
* Museu do Estado de Pernambuco
* Museu do Índio
* Museu Entomológico Fritz Plaumann
* Museum of Art of the Parliament of São Paulo
* Museum of Contemporary Art, University of São Paulo
* Museum of Life
* Museum of Modern Art of Bahia
* Museum of Science and Technology (PUCRS)
* Museum of the Portuguese Language
* Museum of Veterinary Anatomy FMVZ USP (Portuguese: Museu de Anatomia Veterinária Prof. Dr. Plínio Pinto e Silva)
* Museu Nacional de Belas Artes
* Museum Vincente Pallotti
* Museu Paulista
* Museu Rodin Bahia
* National Historical Museum (Brazil)
* National Museum of Brazil
* Niterói Contemporary Art Museum
* Pinacoteca do Estado de São Paulo
* Ricardo Brennand Institute
* São Paulo Museum of Art
* São Paulo Museum of Modern Art
* Santa Catarina Art Museum
* Schmitt-Presser Museum
* Solar Monjardim Museum
* Wings of a Dream Museum
# Merkaz Omen

Merkaz Omen (Hebrew: מֶרְכָּז אֹמֶן), also Omen, is a community settlement in northern Israel.

## History

Mercaz Omen was founded in 1958 as a communal center for the nearby moshavim of Nir Yafeh, Meleah and Gadish. Located in the Ta'anakh region, it falls under the jurisdiction of Gilboa Regional Council. In 2022 it had a population of 659.
# Jelenak

Jelenak (Montenegrin: Јеленак) is a small village in the municipality of Danilovgrad, Montenegro.

## Demographics

According to the 2011 census, its population was 104.
Ethnicity in 2011 :
| Ethnicity | Number | Percentage |
| Montenegrins | 80 | 76.9% |
| Serbs | 18 | 17.3% |
| other/undeclared | 6 | 5.8% |
| Total | 104 | 100% |
# Horodok Raion, Khmelnytskyi Oblast

Horodok Raion (Ukrainian: Городоцький район, Horodots'kyi raion) was one of the 20 administrative raions (a district) of Khmelnytskyi Oblast in western Ukraine. Its administrative center was located in the city of Horodok. Its population was 58,348 as of the 2001 Ukrainian Census. The raion was abolished on 18 July 2020 as part of the administrative reform of Ukraine, which reduced the number of raions of Khmelnytskyi Oblast to three. The area of Horodok Raion was merged into Khmelnytskyi Raion. The last estimate of the raion population was 45,429 (2020 est.)

## History

Horodok Raion was located in the southwestern part of the Khmelnytskyi Oblast, corresponding to the modern-day boundaries of the Podolia historical region. It was established on March 7, 1923 as part of a full-scale administrative reorganization of the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic.

## Subdivisions

At the time of disestablishment, the raion consisted of two hromadas:
* Horodok urban hromada with the administration in Horodok;
* Sataniv settlement hromada with the administration in the urban-type settlement of Sataniv.
Horodok Raion was divided in a way that follows the general administrative scheme in Ukraine. Local government was also organized along a similar scheme nationwide. Consequently, raions were subdivided into councils, which were the prime level of administrative division in the country.
Each of the raion's urban localities administered their own councils, often containing a few other villages within its jurisdiction. However, only a handful of rural localities were organized into councils, which also might contain a few villages within its jurisdiction.
Accordingly, the Horodok Raion was divided into:
* 1 city council—made up of the city of Horodok (administrative center)
* 1 settlement council—made up of the urban-type settlement of Sataniv
* 29 village councils
Overall, the raion had a total of 74 populated localities, consisting of one city, one urban-type settlement, 71 villages, and one rural settlement.

## Places of interest

* Sataniv Castle
# Kurdish Institute of Istanbul

Kurdish Institute of Istanbul (Kurdish: Enstîtuya Kurdî Ya Stenbolê, Turkish: İstanbul Kürt Enstitüsü), founded in 1992, was an organization focusing on Kurdish literature, language and culture. Kurdish and Turkish intellectuals such as Musa Anter, Yaşar Kaya, İsmail Beşikçi, Cemşid Bender, Feqî Huseyîn Sagniç, Abdurrahman Dürre, İbrahim Gürbüz and Süleyman İmamoğlu were among the founding members.
The institute's main research activities were in the fields of linguistics, folklore and history. It published a research journal titled Zend. The institute held courses in the languages Zazaki, Kurmanji and Sorani,and provided certificates of translation into/from Kurdish.
It has published a Kurdish-Turkish dictionary (Büyük Türkçe-Kürtçe sözlük / Ferhanga Mezın Tırkî Kurdî and Büyük Kürtçe-Türkçe Sözlük / Ferhanga Mazın Kurdî Turkî) prepared by Zana Farqînî in 2004. The institute has also re-published many of the classical works in Kurdish literature, including the works of Faqi Tayran.

## Closures

The institute was first raided and shut down on 15 November 1992, shortly after its opening.
The institute was again closed down and sealed on the morning of 31 December 2016, per a declaration issued under Article 11 of the Turkish State of Emergency (OHAL).
# Yotov

Yotov (Bulgarian: Йотов), sometimes incorrectly transliterated as Iotov, is a Bulgarian surname. Notable people with this surname include:
* Boris Yotov (born 1996), Azerbaijani rower
* Gonos Yotov, also known as Gonos Yotas (1880–1911), Bulgarian-Greek fighter
* Tsvetan Yotov (born 1989), Bulgarian football player
* Valentin Yotov, Bulgarian chess Grandmaster
* Velko Yotov, Bulgarian football player
* Yoto Yotov (born 1969), Bulgarian-Croatian weightlifter
# Kuhestan Rural District (Chalus County)

Kuhestan Rural District (Persian: دهستان كوهستان) is in Marzanabad District of Chalus County, Mazandaran province, Iran. Its capital is the village of Tovir.

## Demographics
### Population

At the time of the 2006 National Census, the rural district's population (as a part of the former Kelardasht District) was 5,147 in 1,396 households. There were 5,516 inhabitants in 1,720 households at the following census of 2011, by which time the rural district had been separated from the district in the formation of Marzanabad District. The 2016 census measured the population of the rural district as 6,942 in 2,554 households. The most populous of its 66 villages was Dalir, with 568 people.
# Steve McMahon (footballer, born 1984)

Stephen Joseph McMahon (born 31 July 1984) is an English former footballer who played as a defender.

## Career

McMahon started his career at Blackpool making his debut in 2002 whilst his father Steve McMahon was manager. In 2004 Blackpool won the Football League Trophy and McMahon played as a substitute in the final. In September 2004, he joined Kidderminster Harriers on loan where he made six appearances in all competitions before returning to Blackpool. In February 2005, McMahon joined Perth Glory where his father had recently been appointed as manager. His father had to defend the signing after claims of nepotism in the media. He made 12 appearances for the club.

## Personal life

McMahon is the son of former England international footballer Steve McMahon who he played under at Blackpool and Perth Glory.

## Honours

Blackpool
* Football League Trophy: 2003–04
# Anton Demkov

Anton Demkov (Belarusian: Антон Дзямкоў; Russian: Антон Демков; born 6 August 1995) is a Belarusian professional footballer.
# Muet Ka

Muet Ka (Thai: มืดกา, pronounced) is a tambon (subdistrict) of Doi Tao District, in Chiang Mai Province, Thailand. In 2005 it had a population of 3363. The tambon contains five villages.