OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Porto Empedocle

Porto Empedocle (Sicilian: 'a Marina) is a town and comune in Italy on the coast of the Strait of Sicily, administratively part of the province of Agrigento. It was named after Empedocles, a Greek pre-Socratic philosopher and a citizen of the city of Akragas (present-day Agrigento), in his day a Greek colony in Sicily. The primary industries of Porto Empedocle are agriculture, fishing, ironworking, pharmaceuticals and rock salt refining.

## Physical geography
### Climate

Porto Empedocle is the second comune with the lowest amount of degree days in Italy. It is in the climatic zone A of the climatic classification of Italian municipalities [it].

## History

Born as a port zone in the old Girgenti, today called Agrigento, under the name of Marina di Girgenti (seashore of Girgenti), since in the 15th century it was the main cereal trading centre of the region. From 1549 to 1554, by order of the viceroy Vega, Torre del caricatore of Girgenti, already known during the ancient times (as it probably already existed before the Angevin period), was restored. It had been built to protect against the Saracen pirates, together with the whole system of the Coastal towers of Sicily. The tower was later again restored by Charles III with the help of Bishop Lorenzo Gioeni [it]. This restoration was completed only in 1763. In 1853, during the government of the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies the town obtained independence by becoming chief town of the decurionato under the name of Molo di Girgenti. Then, in 1863, the town changed its name into Porto Empedocle in memory of the Agrigentine philosopher Empedocles.
In 2003, the town changed its official denomination to Porto Empedocle Vigata, after the name of the fictional town where the novels by Andrea Camilleri, Italian writer and native of the town, about detective Inspector Montalbano are placed. However, the decision was revoked in 2009.
The main church is Parrocchia Maria SS. del Buon Consiglio, which is located in the center of the town. The marl Scala dei Turchi is located nearby, on the coast of Realmonte.
# William T. O'Higgins

William T. O'Higgins (1829-1874) was a Catholic chaplain in the American Civil War. He served in the 10th Ohio Infantry.
Born William T. Higgins in 1829 near the border of counties Leitrim and Longford, Ireland, he later took the last name of his uncle (Bishop William O'Higgins (1793-1853)), styled O'Higgins, after the royals. After studying in Maynooth at the Royal College of St. Patrick's, he was sent to British Guiana in the West Indies. He arrived in Philadelphia on May 23, 1857 and joined the Archdiocese of Cincinnati. From 1860 to 1861, he was the assistant to Rev. Richard Gilmour at St. Patrick's in Cincinnati.
After difficulties in Cincinnati, William wrote the Archbishop, John B. Purcell, requesting a position as chaplain; this "remov[ed him from a thorny personnel situation by responding to an obvious wartime need".
He was commissioned as chaplain of the 10th Ohio Infantry on June 3, 1861, in which he served until June 17, 1864.
Following the war, he returned to Cincinnati as a pastor and chaplain, but later left for the Diocese of Little Rock, Arkansas, where he served at the Cathedral of St. Andrew, with a colleague from Ohio, Bishop Edward Fitzgerald. By 1871, he had returned to Ohio, this time to Cleveland, where he taught at St. Mary's Seminary for one term and subsequently served 6 months as pastor of St. Augustine's Church, Cleveland. In 1873 he returned to County Leitrim, Ireland, where he died November 4, 1874.
# Mandume ya Ndemufayo University

Mandume ya Ndemufayo University (Portuguese: Universidade Mandume ya Ndemufayo) is a public university in Lubango, Angola, established in 1963 named after the late Kwanyama King Mandume ya Ndemufayo. The university emerged from the dismemberment of the Lubango campus of the Agostinho Neto University in the midst of the reforms in Angolan higher education that occurred in the years 2008 and 2009.
It has its area of operation restricted to the provinces of Huíla and Namibia.

## History

The historical tradition of UMN is intertwined with the creation of the "General University Studies of Angola" (initiated in Luanda in 1962). With the intention of expanding its scope, on August 5, 1963, the creation of a campus in Lubango (then Sá da Bandeira) was promulgated. However, campus classes would only begin on November 4 of this same year, with the beginning of classes in the Pedagogical Sciences course. In 1966, the Lubango campus became the "Delegation of General Studies of Angola in Sá da Bandeira", offering the university courses of preparation of teachers of the 8th and 11th groups of Higher Education. Later the courses of preparation were extinct to give place to free colleges. In 1968, the Delegation of Sá da Bandeira was linked to the "University of Luanda".
In June 1974, High Commissioner Silva Cardoso and the then Minister of Education of the Transitional Government deployed the University of Luanda in three universities, with the local delegation becoming the University of Sa da Bandeira. He was appointed to head the new university as rector of the geography doctor José Guilherme Fernandes and as deputy rector engineer Abílio Fernandes, but this configuration lasted a short time, and from 1976 the "Lubango Delegation" is now linked to the new University of Angola (now Agostinho Neto University ), already in the midst of the independence of the country. In that same year he loses the Mathematics faculty, and the campus of Lubango is only with the Faculty of Letters. The Faculty of Letters was abolished in 1980 to give place to the Higher Institute of Education Science (ISCED) in Lubango, by decree nº 95 of August 30 of the Council of Ministers.
In 2008/2009, according to the Government of Angola's program for higher education, in accordance with article 16 of Decree No. 7/09 of May 12, the University Mandume and Ndemufayo (UMN) is created as Public Education Institution Superior, from the elevation of the ISCED of Lubango. The UMN itself was able to undergo a new institution of higher education, when, by Decree-Law n. 188/14, of August 4, 2014, approved by the Council of Ministers, the University Cuíto Cuanavale was created, starting from the elevation of the old campus (and faculty) of this one in the locality of Cuito Cuanavale . The UMN is structured in organic units (Faculties, Institutes and Schools), these in turn organized in departments of education and research where several courses and specialties are given in several areas of scientific knowledge, at the undergraduate level.
# 2008 Southern Conference men's basketball tournament

The 2008 Southern Conference men's basketball tournament took place between Friday, March 7 and Monday, March 10 in North Charleston, South Carolina at the North Charleston Coliseum. All rounds were available on ESPN 910. The semifinals were televised by SportSouth, and the Southern Conference Championship Game was televised by ESPN2.

## Bracket

| First round Friday, March 7 | First round Friday, March 7 | First round Friday, March 7 | Quarterfinals Saturday, March 8 | Quarterfinals Saturday, March 8 | Quarterfinals Saturday, March 8 | Semifinals Sunday, March 9 | Semifinals Sunday, March 9 | Semifinals Sunday, March 9 | Championship Game Monday, March 10 | Championship Game Monday, March 10 | Championship Game Monday, March 10 |
| 8 | Wofford | 58 | | | | | | | | | |
| 9 | Western Carolina | 49 | | | | | | | | | |
| 9 | Western Carolina | 49 | 8 | Wofford | 49 | | | | | | |
| | | | 1 | #25 Davidson | 82 | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | 1 | #25 Davidson | 82 | | | |
| | | | | | | 5 | UNC Greensboro | 52 | | | |
| | | | 4 | Appalachian State | 46 | | | | | | |
| | | | 5 | UNC Greensboro | 63 | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | 1 | #23 Davidson | 65 |
| | | | | | | | | | 7 | Elon | 49 |
| 7 | Elon | 52 | | | | | | | | | | 7 | Elon | 49 |
| 10 | Furman | 37 | | | | | | | | | |
| 10 | Furman | 37 | 7 | Elon | 60 | | | | | | |
| | | | 2 | Chattanooga | 57 | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | 7 | Elon | 75 | | | |
| | | | | | | 6 | College of Charleston | 61 | | | |
| | | | 3 | Georgia Southern | 73 | | | | | | |
| | | | 6 | College of Charleston | 87 | | | | | | |
| 6 | College of Charleston | 66 | 6 | College of Charleston | 87 | | | | | | |
| 11 | The Citadel | 48 | | | | | | | | | |
# Efthymis Zisopoulos

Efthymis Zisopoulos (Greek: Ευθύμης Ζησόπουλος; born 5 August 2002) is a Greek professional footballer who plays as a winger.
# Korukkupet

Korukkupet is a neighbourhood in the northern part of Chennai, Tamil Nadu. It is served by the Korukkupet railway station.

## Location

Korukkupet shares its boundaries with Mint and Basin Bridge in the south, Tondiarpet in the north, Washermanpet in the east and Buckingham Canal and Vyasarpadi in the west.

## Infrastructure

As of 2010, a flyover is under construction at the Cocraine Basin Road level crossing which is expected to ease congestion in the area; however, it has been delayed. In Korukkupet, due to the proposed construction of Railway Over Bridge near Korukkupet railway station, on Manali road, the movements of Heavy vehicles, buses, for-wheelers, three-wheelers and two-wheelers are restricted towards Korukkupet railway crossing, till the year 2025 from the last week of January, 2023.

## Transport
### MTC routes

| Route Number | Start | End | Via |
| B18 | Korukkupet | Tambaram | Pallavaram, Guindy, Saidapet, SIET, DMS, TVS, Central, Beach station, Stanley, Vallalar nagar |
| 32B | Korukkupet | V.House | Vallalar nagar, Broadway, Central, Zimson, Triplicane |

### Rail

The Korukkupet railway station is on the Chennai Central-Gummidipoondi/Sulurpet line.

### Metro Rail

The area is located around 2 km distance from Washermanpet metro station. Now under construction of Korukkupet metro rail station in under Sir Thiyagaraya college campus, in Thiruvottiyur highway.
# Charles Kachenjela

Charles Kachenjela (born 1 January 1955) is a Zambian sprinter. He competed in the men's 100 metres at the 1980 Summer Olympics.
# Calderone glacier

The Calderone glacier (Italian: Ghiacciaio del Calderone) is a glacier located in the Apennine Mountains in Abruzzo, Italy. Found in the Gran Sasso d'Italia mountain group, it lies just beneath the Corno Grande, the highest peak in the Apennines.
With the disappearance of the Corral de la Veleta glacier in the Sierra Nevada in 1913, "Il Calderone" became one of Europe's southernmost known glaciers (42°28′N, 13°33′E), being slightly to the north only compared to Snezhnika (latitude of 41°46′09″ N) and Banski Suhodol Glaciers in Pirin Mountain in Bulgaria. If present deglaciation trends continue, the Calderone may soon disappear as well. The discovery of a number of small glaciers in the Accursed Mountains in 2009 seemed to threaten Calderone's positions.

## Historical surface of the glacier

In 1794, the Calderone had an estimated volume of over 4 million cubic metres; by 1916, the glacier’s volume had decreased to 3.3 million cubic metres, and by 1990, it had decreased to 360,931 cubic metres. In 1998 Italian glaciologists at a symposium in L'Aquila predicted that the Calderone would vanish within a couple decades.
Some glaciologists have predicted that the glacier will disappear by 2020. However, 2014 has been slightly positive for the glacier. By the end of August 2014, the volume of residual ice was larger than during the same period in 2013. It disappeared in 2016 after droughts.
Surface and volume of the glacier :
| Year | Surface m$^2$ | Volume m$^3$ |
| 1794 | 104,257 | 4,332,207 |
| 1884 | 90,886 | 3,382,166 |
| 1916 | 63,335 | 3,386,485 |
| 1934 | 59,713 | 2,461,529 |
| 1960 | 60,030 | 1,729,934 |
| 1990 | 52,586 | 360,931 |
| 2005 | 32,900 | --- |
| 2006 | 32,700 | --- |
| 2008 | 35,545 | --- |
# Anne Muraya

Anne Muraya is a Kenyan accountant, businesswoman, and corporate executive who was appointed as the chief executive officer of Deloitte East Africa, effective 1 June 2022. Up until then, she served as the Africa Managing Partner for Responsible Business and Public Policy at Deloitte. She concurrently worked as the audit leader for East Africa. In her new position, Muraya oversees the company's business in eight countries, namely: Burundi, Ethiopia, Kenya, Rwanda, Somalia, South Sudan, Tanzania and Uganda. She is the first female executive to serve in that position, in the history of the firm.

## Background and education

Muraya is a Kenyan national. She holds a Bachelor of Education (B.Ed.) degree in Mathematics and Chemistry, awarded by Kenyatta University in 1994. She is a certified public accountant and is a member of the Institute of Certified Public Accountants of Kenya (ICPAK), the Institute of Certified Public Accountants of Uganda (ICPAU) and Institute of Certified Public Accountants of Rwanda (ICPAR).

## Career

In 1994, Muraya joined Deloitte as an auditor, in their office in Nairobi, Kenya's capital city. Over the years, she rose through the ranks and was in 2017, appointed the first female "audit leader", in Deloitte's East African region. Later, she was appointed as Managing Partner for Responsible Business and Public Policy for Deloitte's Africa region. There too, she was the first woman to serve in that role.

## Family

She is the mother of two adult children, one son and one daughter.

## Other considerations

Muraya is a member of the Deloitte Africa Audit Executive Committee (Exco). EXCO sets the strategic direction of the audit & assurance business for the African region and monitors the execution of that strategy. She is also a member of the Deloitte Global Advisory Council. This group comprises 30 Deloitte partners, selected globally to advise the Deloitte Global chief executive officer.
# Wester (river)

Wester (in its upper course: Wideybach) is a 14-km long river, a southern tributary of Möhne of North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. It flows between the Warstein and Belecke subdivisions (German: ortsteil) of the town of Warstein.
# Nizhneye Absalyamovo

Nizhneye Absalyamovo (Russian: Нижнее Абсалямово; Bashkir: Түбәнге Әбсәләм, Tübänge Äbsäläm) is a rural locality (a village) in Ariyevsky Selsoviet, Duvansky District, Bashkortostan, Russia. The population was 13 as of 2010. There is 1 street.

## Geography

Nizhneye Absalyamovo is located 9 km northwest of Mesyagutovo (the district's administrative centre) by road. Verkhneye Absalyamovo is the nearest rural locality.
# Frei Caneca Street

Frei Caneca Street (Portuguese: Rua Frei Caneca, Portuguese pronunciation:) is an important LGBTQ Street in the city of São Paulo, Brazil, that starts at the Paulista Avenue and ends at Caio Prado Street. The street contains the famous gay nightclub A Loca and LGBT-friendly shopping at Frei Caneca .
# Jangsan (Busan)

Jangsan (Korean: 장산; lit. Jang Mountain) is a mountain in Haeundae District, Busan, South Korea. It has an elevation of 634 metres.
# Muhammad Naseem Rao

Muhammad Naseem Rao (Urdu: محمد نسیم راؤ) is a veteran & well known Pakistani labour leader born in influential family of Sindh on 12 April 1962 at Nabisar Road Tehsil Kunri, District Umerkot Sindh

## Biography

He is the elected Central General Secretary of the Pakistan's oldest & 2nd largest industry-wise union namely Railway Worker’s Union (Open Line), representing more than 90,000 workers all over in Pakistan. RWU is working since 1948 after partition of sub-continent. It is an affiliated with International Transport Workers’ Federation (ITF), a global union federation.
He is also a Central President of Pakistan Transport & General Workers' Federation, it is the largest federation of Pakistan in transport sector.

## Education

He is a highly qualified person with master's degrees in Economics & Law. He did Masters in Economics from Sindh University Jamshoro & LL.B from Karachi University.

## Trade union career

1982, he started his political activities from the platform of student union. In this tenure, he also participated in left-wing movement. In 1986, he joined trade union being as an activist. He is working in trade union movement since 1986. He has honour to work with the founder of Labour Movement in Sub-Continent Mr. Mirza Mohammad Ibrahim (Late). He has honor to represent Pakistan at International Conferences, Seminar in different countries.
He also had an honor to represent railway workers before Senate Standing Committee on Railways. For the first time in the history of Pakistan, any labour leader was called by the Senate of Pakistan to address workers' issues.

## Awards

On 1 May 2009, World Labour Organisation (WLO) London awarded him Mirza Mohammad Ibrahim Yaadgari Award on his hard work & non-stop effort in labour movements at national & international level.
# Codon Adaptation Index

The Codon Adaptation Index (CAI) is the most widespread technique for analyzing codon usage bias. As opposed to other measures of codon usage bias, such as the 'effective number of codons' (Nc), which measure deviation from a uniform bias (null hypothesis), CAI measures the deviation of a given protein coding gene sequence with respect to a reference set of genes. CAI is used as a quantitative method of predicting the level of expression of a gene based on its codon sequence.

## Rationale

Ideally, the reference set in CAI is composed of highly expressed genes, so that CAI provides an indication of gene expression level under the assumption that there is translational selection to optimize gene sequences according to their expression levels. The rationale for this is dual: highly expressed genes need to compete for resources (i.e. ribosomes) in fast-growing organisms and it makes sense for them to be also more accurately translated. Both hypotheses lead to highly expressed genes using mostly codons for tRNA species that are abundant in the cell.

## Implementation

For each amino acid in a gene, the weight of each of its codons represented by a parameter termed relative adaptiveness (w$_i$), is computed from a reference sequence set, as the ratio between the observed frequency of the codon f$_i$ and the frequency of the most frequent synonymous codon f$_j$ for that amino acid.
    $w_{i}={\frac {f_{i}}{\max(f_{j})}}\qquad i,j\in [{\text{synonymous codons for amino acid}}]$
The CAI of a gene is simply defined as the geometric mean of the weight associated to each codon over the length (L) of the gene sequence (measured in codons).
    ${\text{CAI}}=(\Pi _{i=1}^{L}w_{i})^{\frac {1}{L}}$
# Okuchichibu Mountains

Okuchichibu Mountains (奥秩父山塊, Okuchichibu Sankai) or the Okuchichibu Mountainous Region (奥秩父山地, Okuchichibu Sanchi) is a mountainous district in the Kantō region and Kōshin'etsu region, Japan. It covers the western part of Tokyo, the western part of Saitama Prefecture, the southwestern part of Gunma Prefecture, the southeastern part of Nagano Prefecture, and the northern part of Yamanashi Prefecture. Oku (奥, oku) means the interior, Okuchichibu means the interior of Chichibu (秩父, chichibu). The meaning of the word Okuchichibu is based on the point of view from the Kantō region. This mountain area consists of folded mountains and ranges from 1000 to 2600 meters in height. Mount Kita Okusenjō (北奥千丈岳, Kita Okusenjō-dake) is the highest at 2601m. Most of the range lies in the Chichibu Tama Kai National Park (秩父多摩甲斐国立公園, Chichibu Tama Kai Kokuritsu Kōen).
Some of the mountains in the Okuchichibu Mountains include:
* Mt. Kumotori (雲取山, Kumotori-yama) (2017 m)
* Mt. Hiryū (飛竜山, Hiryū-san) (2077 m)
* Mt. Karamatsuo (唐松尾山, Karamatsuo-san) (2109 m)
* Mt. Kasatori (笠取山, Kasatori-san) (1953 m)
* Mt. Suisho (水晶山, Suisho-san) (2158 m)
* Karisaka Pass (雁坂峠, Karisaka Tōge) (2082 m)
* Mt. Tokusa (木賊山, Tokusa-yama) (2468 m)
* Mt. Kobushi (甲武信ヶ岳, Kōbushi-dake) (2475 m)
* Mt. Sanpō (三宝山, Sanpō-zan) (2483 m)
* Mt. Kokushi (国師岳, Kokushi-dake) (2591 m)
* Mt. Kita Okusenjō (北奥千丈岳, Kita Okusenjō-dake) (2601 m)
* Mt. Asahi (朝日岳, Asahi-dake) (2579 m)
* Mt. Kimpu (金峰山, Kinpu-san) (2599 m)
* Mt. Mizugaki (瑞牆山, Mizugaki-yama) (2230 m)
* Mt. Ogawa (小川山, Ogawa-yama) (2418 m)
* Mt. Yokō (横尾山, Yokō-san) (1818 m)
* Mt. Meshimori (飯盛山, Meshimori-san) (1643 m)
* Mt. Azumaya (四阿屋山, Azumaya-san) (772 m)
* Mt. Ryōkami (両神山, Ryōkami-san) (1723 m)
* Mt. Nanten (南天山, Nanten-san) (1483 m)
* Mt. Chichibu-ontake (秩父御岳山, Chichibu Ontake-san) (1081 m)
* Nakatsu Valley (中津峡, Nakatsu-kyō)
* Mt. Mitsumine (三峰山, Mitsumine-san)
** (Mt. Myōhō 1332 m, Mt. Shiraiwa 1921 m, Mt. Kumotori 2017 m)
* Mt. Hakutai (白泰山, Hakutai-san) (1794 m)
* Mt. Myōhō (妙法が岳, Myōhō-san) (1332 m)
* Mt. Kirimo (霧藻ヶ峰, Kirimogamine) (1523 m)
* Mt. Shiraiwa (白岩山, Shiraiwa-san) (1921 m)
* Mt. Kumakura (熊倉山, Kumakura-san) (1427 m)
* Mt. Wanakura (和名倉山, Wanakura-san) (2036 m)
* Mikuni Pass (三国峠, Mikuni Tōge) (1740 m)
* Jūmonji Pass (十文字峠, Jūmonji Tōge) (2000 m)
* Mt. Gorō (五郎山, Gorō-san) (2132 m)
* Nishizawa Gorge (西沢渓谷, Nishizawa Keikoku)
* Higashizawa Gorge (東沢渓谷, Higashizawa Keikoku)
* Mt. Kurogane (黒金山, Kurogane-san) (2232 m)
* Mt. Kentoku (乾徳山, Kentoku-san) (2031 m)
* Mt. Kurakake (倉掛山, Kurakake-san) (1777 m)
* Mikubo Plateau (三窪高原, Mikubo Kōgen) (1650 m)
* Higashizawa Valley.
* Mt.Fuji from Okuchichibu.
* Cloud cover.
* In the mountain.
# Yannis Varveris

Yannis Varveris (Greek: Γιάννης Βαρβέρης; 1955 – 25 May 2011) was a Greek poet, critic and translator.
Varveris was born and died in Athens. He read Law at the University of Athens. His first collection of poems was published in 1975. He belongs to the so-called Genia tou 70, which is a literary term referring to Greek authors who began publishing their work during the 1970s, especially towards the end of the Greek military junta of 1967-1974 and at the first years of the Metapolitefsi. He has been awarded the State Book Prize for Criticism in 1996 for his book Κρίση του θεάτρου Γ΄ (1976–1984) and the Cavafy prize (2001) and the poetry prize of literary journal Diavazo (2002) for his poetry collection Στα ξένα.

## Works
### Poetry

* Έν φαντασία και λόγω (In Imagination and Word), 1975
* Το ράμφος (The Beak), 1978
* Αναπήρων Πολέμου (Disabled Veterans), 1982
* Ο θάνατος το στρώνει (Death Spread It Around), 1986
* Πιάνο βυθού (Piano of the Deep), 1991
* Ο κύριος Φογκ (Mister Fog), 1993
* Άκυρο θαύμα (Miracle Null and Void), 1996
* Ποιήματα 1975-1996 (Poems 1975-1996), 2000
* Στα ξένα (Abroad), 2001
* Πεταμένα λεφτά (Wasted money), 2005
* Ο άνθρωπος μόνος (The man alone), 2009
* Βαθέος γήρατος (Of old age), 2011

### Selected essays and criticism

* Κρίση του θεάτρου (1976–1984) (Theater Reviews 1, 1976–1984), 1985
* Κρίση του θεάτρου Β΄ (1976–1984) (Theater Reviews 2, 1976–1984), 1991
* Κρίση του θεάτρου Γ΄ (1976–1984) (Theater Reviews 3, 1976–1984), 1995
* Σωσίβια λέμβος (Lifeboat), 1999
* Κρίση του θεάτρου Δ΄ - κείμενα θεατρικής κριτικής 1994-2003 (Theater Reviews 4, 1994–2003), 2004
# Chiopris-Viscone

Chiopris-Viscone (Friulian: Cjopris e Viscon) is a comune (municipality) in the Regional decentralization entity of Udine in the Italian region of Friuli-Venezia Giulia, located about 45 kilometres (28 mi) northwest of Trieste and about 20 kilometres (12 mi) southeast of Udine. It is formed by the two frazioni (boroughs) of Chiopris, which is the municipal seat, and Viscone.
Chiopris-Viscone borders the following municipalities: Cormons, Medea, San Giovanni al Natisone, San Vito al Torre, Trivignano Udinese.
Until 1918, Chiopris-Viscone was part of the Austria-Hungary, until it was given to Italy. However, in 1923 it was detached from the province of Gorizia and assigned to the province of Udine.