OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Vitaly Shlykov

Vitaly Shlykov (Russian: Виталий Васильевич Шлыков; 1934–2011) was a spymaster in the GRU, Russian deputy minister of defence and founder of the influential Council for Foreign and Defense Policy.

## Spying career

Shlykov was arrested in Switzerland in January 1983 following his betrayal by Dieter Gerhardt under U.S. Central Intelligence Agency interrogation. Gerhardt was a South African national who spied for the Soviet Union for 20 years before his position was compromised by the Farewell Dossier. Shlykov was arrested when he travelled to Zurich under the false name Nikolaev Mikhail Vasilyevich to meet with Gerhardt's wife, Ruth, who acted as a courier. Despite not disclosing his real name or any other details to Swiss authorities, he was jailed for three years for spying for the Soviet Union.
After his release from prison in 1986, he started the Council for Foreign and Defence Policy, an influential think tank that provides advice to the Kremlin on security issues.
He later rose to the position of deputy minister of defence in the Russian Federation under Boris Yeltsin.

## Analysis of the demise of the Soviet Union

Shlykov argued with his superiors that the Soviet Union was basing its military and economic policies on faulty assumptions, inherited from the Joseph Stalin era.
Namely, he posited that the Soviet war plans were based on the assumption that the upcoming military conflict between the USSR and NATO would strategically and technologically resemble World War II.
To prepare for this contingency, it was planned to mobilize between 4 and 8 million soldiers and to continuously supply them with enormous quantities of material: tanks, cannon, planes etc., since it was expected that the materiel (and the soldiers) would be constantly attrited at a high rate.
Therefore, most industrial plants in the USSR were required to set aside significant production capacities during peacetime, in order to "mobilize" them when war broke out and to produce the requisite enormous quantities of war materiel. This had the effect of severely undermining the Soviet economy.
Shlykov argued that the assumption that World War III would resemble World War II was wrong and that the above-described approach was ruining the Soviet economy without actually preparing it for possible future conflicts. He pointed out that the Western powers opted out of the World War II-era approach and were actively developing "smart" weapons in order to counter the Soviet preponderance in manpower and classical materiel.
For his efforts he was summarily dismissed from the Soviet Army. He later published his arguments after the fall of the Soviet Union in the open press.
# Ramsha

Ramsha (Classical Syriac: ܪܡܫܐ‎) is the Aramaic and East Syriac Rite term for the evening Christian liturgy followed as a part of the seven canonical hours or Divine Office, roughly equivalent to Vespers in Western Christianity. It's also called Ramsho in the West Syriac Rite. It is used in the Syriac churches of the East Syriac tradition, including the Assyrian Church of the East of Iraq, the Ancient Church of the East of Iraq, the East Syriac Saint Thomas Christians of the Malabar coast, Kerala, India (Syro Malabar Catholic Church and Chaldean Syrian Church), and the Chaldean Catholic Church of Iraq. The Chaldean Catholic and Syro-Malabar Churches are all Eastern Catholic churches in full communion with the Catholic Church.
In the East Syriac tradition, a liturgical day begins with the Ramsha during evening at 6:00 pm which draws direct reference from Genesis 1:5. The Second Vatican Council made it clear that the canonical hours, referred to as the "Liturgy of the Hours" within the new form of the Roman Rite, are the official prayers of the Catholic Church along with the celebration of the Eucharist, which is done in the Holy Qurbana or Qurbono in the Syriac tradition.

## Canonical hours in the Syriac tradition

The Shehima, the Divine Prayers, Divine Office, Liturgy of the Hours, or canonical hours are all regular terms for the liturgy Ramsha is a part of. In accordance with the Jewish tradition, the following are the seven times of prayer in the Syriac Churches:
Canonical hours in East Syriac and English :
| East Syriac name | English name | Time |
| Ramsha | Vespers or Evening Liturgy | 6 pm |
| Suba-a | Compline | 9 pm |
| Lelya | Midnight Liturgy | 12 am |
| Qala d Shahra | Vigil Liturgy | 3 am |
| Sapra | Matins/Morning Liturgy | 6 am |
| Quta'a | 3rd Hour | 9 am |
| Endana | 6th Hour | 12 pm |
# Terreiro da Luta

Terreiro da Luta is located north of Monte (Funchal) and the area was once the last stop on the only cog railway (Monte Railway) in Madeira. It is also where the Our Lady of Peace sanctuary (Portuguese: Nossa Senhora da Paz) is located.

## History

Between 1893 and 1943, the area was connected to Funchal by Madeira's only cog railway.
The Our Lady of Peace sanctuary (Portuguese: Nossa Senhora da Paz) statue which is supported by 4 Roman columns, is located here. It was built after the attacks on Madeira during world war 1, which were first felt in Madeira on December 3, 1916, when the German U-boat, U-38, captained by Max Valentiner went into the Port of Funchal in Madeira and torpedoed and sank 3 ships, CS Dacia (1,856 tons), SS Kanguroo (2,493 tons) and Surprise (680 tons). The commander of the French Gunboat Surprise and 34 of her crew (7 Portuguese) died in the attack. The Dacia, a British cable laying vessel, had previously undertaken war work off the coast of Casablanca and Dakar, was in the process of diverting the South American cable into Brest, France. Following the attack on the ships, the Germans proceeded to bombard Funchal for two hours from a range of about 2 miles (3 km). Batteries on Madeira returned fire and eventually forced the Germans to withdraw.
In 1917 on December 12, two German U-boats, U-156 and U-157 (captained by Max Valentiner) again bombarded Funchal, Madeira. This time the attack lasted around 30 minutes. Forty, 4.7 inch and 5.9 inch shells were fired. There were 3 fatalities and 17 wounded, In addition, a number of houses and Santa Clara church were hit.
A priest José Marques Jardim, promised in 1917 to build a monument should peace ever return to Madeira. In 1927 at Terreiro da Luta he built a statue of Nossa Senhora da Paz (Our Lady of Peace) commemorating the end of the World War I. It incorporates the anchor chains from the sunken ships from Madeira on December 3, 1916, and is over 5 metres tall.
# Maxwell Van Zandt Woodhull

Maxwell Van Zandt Woodhull (September 17, 1843 – July 15, 1921) was a Union Army officer during the American Civil War.

## Biography

Woodhull was born in Washington, D.C., on September 17, 1843. He was the son of United States Navy officer Maxwell Woodhull who commanded the USS Cimarron and died from an accidental gun discharge during the Civil War. He was a graduate of Miami University and Columbian Law School. He was a lawyer before and after the Civil War.
Woodhull enlisted as a private on December 22, 1862. He was appointed captain and aide-de-camp to Major General Robert C. Schenck on March 11, 1863. He was appointed aide-de-camp to Major General Lew Wallace on March 12, 1864. He was appointed major and Assistant Adjutant General on June 30, 1864. He was appointed lieutenant colonel and Assistant Adjutant General of the XV Corps (Union Army), Army of the Tennessee, from February 17, 1865, to August 1, 1865. He later was appointed brevet colonel of volunteers, to rank from March 13, 1865.
On February 22, 1866, President Andrew Johnson nominated Woodhull for appointment to the grade of brevet brigadier general of volunteers, to rank from March 13, 1865, and the United States Senate confirmed the appointment on April 10, 1866. Woodhulll was mustered out of the volunteers on May 31, 1866.
Woodhull wrote West Point in Our Next War: The Only Way to Create and Maintain an Army (1915). Woodull was largely responsible for bringing George Washington University to its present location.
Maxwell Van Zandt Woodhull died July 26, 1921, at Watkins Glen, New York. He is buried at Oak Hill Cemetery (Washington, D.C.).
# William Drew Robeson I

William Drew Robeson I (July 27, 1844 – May 17, 1918) was the minister of Witherspoon Street Presbyterian Church in Princeton, New Jersey from 1880 to 1901 and the father of Paul Robeson. The Witherspoon Street Presbyterian Church had been built for its black members by the First Presbyterian Church of Princeton.

## Biography

He was born into slavery as William Drew Robeson in 1844 to Benjamin Robeson (1820 – c. 1889) and Sabra (1825 – c. 1885). They were enslaved on the Roberson plantation near Cross Road township in Martin County, North Carolina. He was a descendant of the Igbo people.
In 1860, when he was 15 years old, Robeson escaped slavery with his brother Ezekiel through the Underground Railroad and they made their way to Philadelphia in the free state of Pennsylvania.
During the American Civil War, Robeson served in the Union Army as a laborer, entering in 1861 at the age of 16 to join the effort to end slavery in the South.
Afterward, Robeson studied at Lincoln College (now a university), where he earned an A.B. in 1873 and Bachelor of Sacred Theology in 1876.
While a student at Lincoln University he met Maria Louisa Bustill and they married in 1878. They had seven children: Gertrude (who died young), William Drew Jr., called "Bill"; John Bunyan Reeve called "Reed"; Benjamin; Marian; and Paul LeRoy Robeson (1898–1976), the youngest. Another child died at birth, but the name is not known.
In 1904 Louisa died in Princeton when Paul was six years old. Her clothes had caught fire from a coal-burning stove in a kitchen accident.

### Princeton to Westfield

Robeson served as minister of the Witherspoon Street Presbyterian Church in Princeton, New Jersey from 1880 until 1901. It was built for the black members of the First Presbyterian Church of Princeton (now known as Nassau Presbyterian Church).
Robeson was ousted as minister by his church after 20 years of service. He was said to have aligned himself "on the wrong side of a church fight," having refused to bow to pressure from the "white residents of Princeton" that he cease to "speak out against social injustice." Upon his dismissal, Reverend William Drew Robeson bypassed any need "to recriminate and rebuke ... As I review the past," he said, "and think upon many scenes, my heart is filled with love." In closing his last address to his Princeton congregation, he implored them, "Do not be discouraged, do not think your past work is in vain."
He moved to Westfield, New Jersey to be the pastor of the Downer Street Saint Luke African Methodist Episcopal Zion Church from 1907 to 1910. He led the congregation through construction of their church, completed in 1908. The younger children attended the Washington School at Elm and Orchard streets. The Robesons lived on the south side of Spring Street, where it intersects with Rahway Avenue. The street is now called Watterson Street, and the house was taken down.

### Westfield to Somerville

In 1910 Robeson moved to Somerville, New Jersey, where he led the congregation at the Saint Thomas African Methodist Episcopal Zion Church.
Robeson died on May 17, 1918. He was buried in Princeton Cemetery next to his wife.
# 1977–78 FK Partizan season

The 1977–78 season was the 32nd season in FK Partizan's existence. This article shows player statistics and matches that the club played during the 1977–78 season.

## Players
### Squad information

players (league matches/ league goals): Momčilo Vukotić (34/11) Nenad Stojković (34/3) Nikica Klinčarski (34/2) Petar Borota (34/0) -goalkeeper- Aleksandar Trifunović (32/5) Borislav Đurović (28/1) Boško Đorđević (27/5) Jusuf Hatunić (27/0) Milovan Jović (24/6) Ilija Zavišić (24/4) Xhevad Prekazi (22/2) Ivan Golac (19/1) Pavle Grubješić (17/3) Slobodan Santrač (16/11) Vladimir Pejović (15/0) Tomislav Kovačević (14/0) Dragan Arsenović (11/0) Rešad Kunovac (8/0) Refik Kozić (5/1) Novica Vulić (4/0) Aranđel Todorović (2/0) Miroslav Polak (1/0)

## Competitions
### Yugoslav First League

| Pos | Teamvte | Pld | W | D | L | GF | GA | GD | Pts | Qualification or relegation |
| 1 | Partizan (C) | 34 | 22 | 10 | 2 | 55 | 19 | +36 | 54 | Qualification for European Cup first round |
| 2 | Red Star Belgrade | 34 | 21 | 7 | 6 | 58 | 26 | +32 | 49 | Qualification for UEFA Cup first round |
| 3 | Hajduk Split | 34 | 14 | 11 | 9 | 49 | 37 | +12 | 39 | Qualification for UEFA Cup first round |
| 4 | Dinamo Zagreb | 34 | 12 | 13 | 9 | 54 | 49 | +5 | 37 | |
| 5 | Rijeka | 34 | 12 | 13 | 9 | 47 | 42 | +5 | 37 | Qualification for Cup Winners' Cup first round |

### Mitropa Cup

| Team | Pld | W | D | L | GF | GA | GD | Pts |
| Partizan | 4 | 3 | 0 | 1 | 14 | 4 | +10 | 6 |
| Perugia | 4 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 5 | −2 | 5 |
| Zbrojovka Brno | 4 | 0 | 1 | 3 | 2 | 10 | −8 | 1 |

#### Final
## Statistics
### Goalscorers

This includes all competitive matches.
| Rank | Pos | Nat | Name | Yugoslav First League | Yugoslav Cup | Total |
| 1 | MF | | Momčilo Vukotić | 11 | 0 | 11 |
| 2 | FW | | Slobodan Santrač | 10 | 0 | 10 |
| 3 | FW | | Milovan Jović | 6 | 0 | 6 |
| 3 | MF | | Ilija Zavišić | 6 | 0 | 6 |
| 3 | FW | | Boško Đorđević | 5 | 0 | 5 |
| 6 | DF | | Nenad Stojković | 4 | 0 | 4 |
| 6 | MF | | Aleksandar Trifunović | 4 | 0 | 4 |
| 8 | FW | | Pavle Grubješić | 3 | 0 | 3 |
| 9 | MF | | Dževad Prekazi | 2 | 0 | 2 |
| 9 | MF | | Nikica Klinčarski | 2 | 0 | 2 |
| 11 | DF | | Refik Kozić | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| 11 | DF | | Borislav Đurović | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| 11 | DF | | Ivan Golac | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| TOTALS | TOTALS | TOTALS | TOTALS | 56 | 0 | 56 |

### Score overview

Win  Draw  Loss
| Opposition | Home score | Away score | Aggregate |
| Crvena zvezda | 3–2 | 3–1 | 3–1 |
| Hajduk Split | 0–0 | 2–1 | 2–1 |
| Dinamo Zagreb | 5–0 | 2–0 | 7–0 |
| Rijeka | 3–1 | 1–1 | 4–2 |
| Sloboda Tuzla | 1–0 | 0–3 | 1–3 |
| Velež | 1–0 | 0–1 | 1–1 |
| Vojvodina | 1–0 | 2–0 | 3–0 |
| Sarajevo | 0–0 | 1–1 | 1–1 |
| Olimpija | 2–1 | 2–0 | 4–1 |
| Budućnost | 1–0 | 1–0 | 2–0 |
| Borac Banja Luka | 3–0 | 0–0 | 3–0 |
| Osijek | 2–0 | 1–1 | 3–1 |
| Radnički Niš | 1–0 | 1–1 | 2–1 |
| Zagreb | 2–1 | 0–0 | 2–1 |
| OFK Beograd | 3–1 | 3–2 | 6–3 |
| Čelik | 5–1 | 0–0 | 5–1 |
| Trepča | 3–0 | 1–1 | 4–1 |
# Altinho, Goa

Altinho (Portuguese: High) is a hill neighbourhood of Panaji, the state capital of India's smallest state Goa.
In the past it has been considered an elite residential colony, with the State's chief minister's residence and the Archbishop's palace located here. Although Altinho is a residential area, it is a home to Panaji's All India Radio station (whose precursor was the famed Emissora de Goa radio station of Portuguese times). It is also home to a sprawling set of quarters for government servants, and homes allotted to ruling party politicians.
# Biser (given name)

Biser (Bulgarian: Бисер) is a Bulgarian given name. Notable people with the name include:
* Biser Ivanov (born 1973), Bulgarian footballer and coach
* Biser Kirov (1942–2016), Bulgarian pop singer
* Biser Mihaylov (1943–2020), Bulgarian footballer
# Pyhia

Pyhia or Pyihia or Petepihu (Ancient Egyptian: p3-ỉḥỉ3) was an Ancient Egyptian princess during the 18th Dynasty, a daughter of Thutmose IV.
Her mummy was reburied in the Sheikh Abd el-Qurna cache along with that of several other princesses: her probable sisters Amenemopet and Tiaa; her niece Nebetia and Princesses Tatau, Henutiunu, Merytptah, Sithori and Wiay. The tomb was discovered in 1857.

## Citations

* ↑ Dodson & Janssen 1989, pp. 130.
* ↑ Dodson & Hilton 2004, pp. 137.
* ↑ Dodson & Hilton 2004, pp. 135.
* ↑ Dodson & Janssen 1989, pp. 125.

## Sources

* Dodson, Aidan; Hilton, Dylan (2004). The Complete Royal Families of Ancient Egypt. London: Thames & Hudson. ISBN 0-500-05128-3.
* Dodson, Aidan; Janssen, Jac. J. (1989). "A Theban Tomb and Its Tenants". The Journal of Egyptian Archaeology. 75: 125–138. doi:10.2307/3821904. JSTOR 3821904.
# National Democratic Union of Mozambique

The National Democratic Union of Mozambique (Portuguese: União Democrática Nacional de Moçambique, UDENAMO) was a nationalist organization founded in Salisbury, Southern Rhodesia (present-day Harare, Zimbabwe) in 1960. It was led by Adelino Gwambe and consisted mostly of migrant workers and disgruntled students who had fled central and southern regions of Mozambique. It was formed to oppose Portuguese colonial rule in Mozambique. In June 1962, UDENAMO merged with two other nationalist organizations, the National African Union of Independent Mozambique (UNAMI) and Mozambican African National Union (MANU) to form the Mozambique Liberation Front (FRELIMO).
* This article about a Mozambican political party is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
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# Piyaz

Piyaz (Turkish: piyaz, Persian: پیاز, Kurdish: pivaz, piyaz for "onion" or salad) is a bean salad or meze in Turkish cuisine and Persian cuisine that is made from any kind of boiled beans with raw onion, parsley and sumac. Optionally, a boiled egg can be added to this dish.
The name of "piyaz" derives from old Iranian word of "pidāz" for onion, later on this name was adopted for salads or mezes made with onion.
In Antalya province of Turkey it is prepared differently from other regions with other ingredients such as tarator sauce based on tahini (crushed sesame seeds). In Antalya, piyaz is not considered a salad but a main dish.
There are also versions of piyaz made of other beans. Mung beans piyaz (maş piyazı) is famous in Gaziantep and, like Antalya piyaz, is registered with the Turkish Patent and Trademark Office. It is made by combining boiled mung beans with onion, parsley, red pepper flakes, olive oil, salt and pomegranate syrup, topped with walnuts. It can be decorated with red pepper flakes and pomegranate seeds. Instead of pomegranate syrup, grape syrup or lemon juice can be used.
Piyaz can be also made of chickpeas (nohut piyazı) and green lentils (mercimek piyazı).
In southern provinces like Adana, the word "piyaz" is used to refer to an onion and sumac salad. During the Ottoman period, piyaz was also made from artichoke, pea, chickpea, broad bean and potato, which were introduced to Turkey in the last quarter of the 19th century.
# Roswitha Bindl

Roswitha Bindl (born 14 January 1965) was a German women's international footballer who played as a midfielder. She was a member of the Germany women's national football team. She was part of the team at the 1991 FIFA Women's World Cup. On club level she played for FC Wacker München in Germany.
# Salisbury Glacier

The Salisbury Glacier (Greenlandic: Pinguarsuit Sermiat) is a glacier in Greenland.

## Geography

This glacier is located in the far northwest of Greenland, to the north of the Thule Air Base. It is one of four large glaciers which feeds the Wolstenholme Fjord (sometimes referred to as "the world's largest ice machine"). The other glaciers are the Chamberlin Glacier, the Knud Rasmussen Glacier, and the Harald Moltke Glacier. The Salisbury Glacier is over 3 kilometres (1.9 mi) in length and is approximately 450 metres (1,480 ft) in width.
# Ahmadluy-e Olya

Ahmadluy-e Olya (Persian: احمدلوي عليا, also Romanized as Aḩmadlūy-e ‘Olyā; also known as Aḩmadlū-ye Bālā and Aḩmadlū-ye ‘Olyā) is a village in Garamduz Rural District, Garamduz District, Khoda Afarin County, East Azerbaijan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 248, in 46 families.
# One (Maltese TV channel)

One TV (stylized as ONE and previously known as Super One Television) is a television station in Malta owned by One Productions, the Labour Party's media arm. Broadcasts commenced in March 1994.

## Studios

The station is administered and broadcasts from its studios in Marsa.
The station also has an Outside Broadcasting Unit, which it first used during the Malta Labour Party's May Day celebrations on 1 May 1997.
One TV also won the first two editions of the Television Station of the year awards in 2006 & 2007.
# Rzhevka, Shebekinsky District, Belgorod Oblast

Rzhevka (Russian: Ржевка) is a rural locality (a selo) in Shebekinsky District, Belgorod Oblast, Russia. The population was 2,715 as of 2010. There are 21 streets.

## Geography

Rzhevka is located 10 km northeast of Shebekino (the district's administrative centre) by road. Nezhegol is the nearest rural locality.
# Ocinje

Ocinje (pronounced; in older sources also Ocinja, Hungarian: Gedőudvar, German: Guzenhof or Guitzendorf, Prekmurje Slovene: Oucinje) is a small village in the Municipality of Rogašovci in the Prekmurje region of northeastern Slovenia, right on the border with Austria.

## History

In 1941 the village was ceded to Germany due its purely German inhabitants. The population of Ocinje was expelled in 1945 and replaced by Slovenians.
# Osoet Pegua

Osoet Pegua or Soet Pegu (Thai: ออสุต พะโค RTGS: Osut Phakho; 1615 – 1658), was a Thai businesswoman. She acted as the business agent between the Ayutthaya Kingdom and the Dutch East India Company in the mid-17th century, during which she had a very influential position and enjoyed a de facto monopoly to the trade between the two nations.

## Life

Osoet Pegua was a member of the Mon people. She was a successful businesswoman with valuable contacts in the Thai royal court. During this period, South East Asia had a small merchant class, and trade was often left to women, as it was regarded as a part of domestic household duties. Most of the international trade in the region took place between foreign tradesmen and the local rulers, and the foreign tradesmen often conducted temporary marriages with local businesswomen, who acted as the agents between the foreign tradesmen and the ruler.
Osoet Pegua was one of the most famous of these women, and became well known in Thailand as an example of a female business agent, and as an independent woman. She conducted temporary marriages with several of the officials of the Dutch East India Company (VOC), and acted as the agent between King Prasat Thong and the Netherlands, effectively controlling the trade between the two nations. Between 1638 and 1642, she was briefly married to Jeremias van Vliet, the leading official of the Dutch East India Company's station in Thailand.
In 1642, Jeremias van Vliet left her to become governor of Dutch Malacca. This resulted in a conflict between him and Pegua which disturbed trade relations between Ayutthaya and the Netherlands.
# Sequals

Sequals (Friulian: Secuals) is a comune (municipality) in the Regional decentralization entity of Pordenone, in the Italian region of Friuli-Venezia Giulia, located about 100 kilometres (62 mi) northwest of Trieste and about 25 kilometres (16 mi) northeast of Pordenone.
Sequals borders the following municipalities: Arba, Cavasso Nuovo, Meduno, Pinzano al Tagliamento, Spilimbergo, Travesio.

## People

* Stefano Balassone (born 1943), television producer and writer
* Primo Carnera (1906–1967), boxer

## International relations
### Twin towns — sister cities

* Ripa Teatina, Chieti, Italy