OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Israeli pruta

Pruta (Hebrew: פרוטה, plural: prutot) was a denomination of currency in Israel before 1960.

## History

The pruta was introduced shortly after the establishment of the state of Israel, as the 1000th part of the Israeli pound. It replaced the mil, which was the 1000th part of the Palestine pound, a currency issued by the British Mandate of Palestine prior to May 1948.
The word pruta was borrowed from Mishnaic Hebrew, in which it meant "a coin of smaller value". This word was probably derived originally from an Aramaic word with the same meaning. The pruta was abolished in 1960, when the Israeli government decided to change the subdivision of the Israeli pound into 100 agorot. This move was necessary due to the constant devaluation of the Israeli pound, which rendered coins smaller than 10 prutot redundant.
This pruta should not be confused with the halachic pruta, which is the minimal value of money for a variety of halachic applications—among them, the minimal value one is obligated to return if stolen, the minimal value needed to effect a marriage, and the minimal investment needed to be considered an investor (it is equivalent to 0.025 grams of pure silver).
# Derivative (film)

Derivative (Turkish: Türev) is a 2005 Turkish drama film, written, produced and directed by Ulaş İnaç based on a short story by Miguel de Cervantes, about the complicated relationships between three people who confess their thoughts each evening to the camera for a movie project. The film, which went on nationwide general release across Turkey on November 18, 2005 (2005-11-18), won the Golden Orange for Best Film at the 42nd Antalya "Golden Orange" International Film Festival.

## Plot

Nazım (Güçlü Yalçıner) is a successful young Istanbul writer who is about to marry Süreyya (Gülçin Santırcıoğlu). Süreyya is not sure about Nazım's love and so she asks her best friend Burcu (Beste Bereket) to seduce him in order to test his fidelity. Reluctantly Burcu complies and then she falls in love.
# Alexander Yakobson

Alexander Anatolyevich Yakobson (Hebrew: אלכסנדר יעקובסון) is an Israeli historian, professor of Ancient history at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, political activist, and commentator.

## Background

Alexander Anatolyevich Yakobson was born on October 5, 1959, in Moscow. His parents were Soviet dissidents Anatoly Yakobson and Maya Ulanovskaya. His grandparents were Soviet spies Alexander Ulanovsky and Nadezhda Ulanovskaya. Yakobson immigrated to Israel with his family (mother, father, and grandmother) at age 13. He earned his degrees from the Hebrew University of Jerusalem: BA cum laude in History and Political Science (1985), MA in History (1989), and doctorate in Ancient History (1995). He also conducted postdoctoral research at the University of Cologne.

## Career
### Academia

In 1995, Yakobson was appointed assistant professor of History at the University of Haifa through 1997. In 2000, he was appointed as a senior lecturer in history at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem. In 2011, he was appointed associate professor of Ancient history at the Hebrew University.

### Political activism

Yakobson is a former Meretz activist and Peace Now member with a regular op-ed column in the newspaper Haaretz. He is a supporter of a two-state solution to the Israeli-Palestinian conflict. He co-wrote Israel and the Family of Nations: The Jewish Nation State and Human Rights with former Israeli minister Amnon Rubinstein, which seeks to assert Israel's right to exist as a Jewish state.
He is an Advisory Editor at "Fathom: For a deeper understanding of Israel and the region".

## Works

* Yakobson, Alexander (1999). Elections and electioneering in Rome a study in the political system of the Late Republic. Steiner. p. 251. ISBN 3-515-07481-3.
* Yakobson, Alexander; Amnon Rubinstein (2008-09-08). Israel and the Family of Nations: The Jewish Nation-State and Human Rights (1 ed.). Routledge. p. 246. ISBN 0-415-46441-2.
# Longos Vales's Monastery

The Longos Vales's Monastery (Portuguese: Mosteiro de Longos Vales) is a monastery in Longos Vales, Monção, Portugal.

## History

The foundation of the monastery is attributed to D. Afonso Henriques in the second half of the 12th century.
The only enduring element of the primitive medieval construction with its clearly Romanesque style is the main chapel, the remainder of the group was subjected to remodelling work when it passed into the hands of the Society of Jesus.
Nowadays, the monastery is private property, with the exception of the church which continues to be part of the parochial headquarters of the parish.
It is classified by IPPAR as a National Monument since 1926.
# Mount Titiraupenga

Titiraupenga (also known as Mount Titiraupenga) is an extinct 1,042 metres (3,419 ft) high basaltic andesite stratovolcano on whose southern slopes is located the geographical centre of the North Island of New Zealand. It is in the Pureora Forest Park between Lake Taupō and Te Kūiti on the North Island Volcanic Plateau in New Zealand. The area of the mountain is in a scenic reserve that is "recognised as one of the finest rain forests in the world".

## Geography

The mountain is covered in native forest and is in the southern Waikato region.

### Geology

Mount Titiraupenga has a prominence above the surrounding countryside of about 350 m (1,150 ft) and a diameter of about 3.5 km (2.2 mi). It is to the north east of a larger stratovolcano, Mount Pureora, and both are located to the south of the extinct Mangakino caldera on a basement of Waipapa composite terrane. The basaltic andesite lavas are made up of plagioclase, clinopyroxene and orthopyroxene, with rare olivine and hornblende phenocrysts with an age of 1.89 ± 0.02 Ma.

### Access

The nearest main roads are State Highway 30 and State Highway 32. There is road access to a track to the summit, which also by a fair walk onwards gives access to the summit of Mount Pureora.
# Ambri Airport

Ambri Airport (ICAO: LSPM) is a Swiss general aviation airport. It located near the village of Ambrì, in the municipality of Quinto, canton of Ticino. Ambri serves the surrounding area and is home to a gliding school, a helicopter base and has sufficiency for VFR flying.
The airport is situated in the steep-sided alpine valley of the Ticino river. It is flanked to the north by the A2 motorway and the river, and to the south by the Gotthard railway and the villages of Ambri and Piotta.

## History

Ambri Airport began as a Swiss Air Force base, built during World War II. It was home to the Fighter Squadron 8, whose fleet included the EKW C-35, Messerschmitt Bf 109, de Havilland Vampire, de Havilland Venom and the Hawker Hunter.
The mountains surrounding the airport housed bunkers of which were home to tactical buildings, fighter aircraft and troops. The bunkers were accessed by taxiways that passed under the A2 motorway, and over the Ticino river.
In 1994 the Swiss Air Force base was deactivated, and the airfield converted into a civilian airport. The Aircraft cavern that formerly accommodated the base still exists but are now empty.
# Sianab-e Parab

Sianab-e Parab (Persian: سياناب پرآب, also Romanized as Sīānāb-e Pārāb; also known as Seteh and Sūteh) is a village in Khaneh Shur Rural District, in the Central District of Salas-e Babajani County, Kermanshah Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 196, in 44 families.
# Sergiyevskoye, Republic of Adygea

Sergiyevskoye (Russian: Сергиевское; Adyghe: Сергиевскэр) is a rural locality (a selo) in Sergiyevskoye Rural Settlement of Giaginsky District, Adygea, Russia. The population of this village was 1,358 as of 2018. There are 28 streets.

## Geography

Sergiyevskoye is located 33 km southeast of Giaginskaya (the district's administrative centre) by road. Shishkinsky is the nearest rural locality.

## Ethnicity

The village is inhabited by Russians.
# Bugeac Steppe

The Bugeac Steppe, Budjak Steppe or Budzhak Steppe (Romanian: Stepa Bugeacului; Ukrainian: Буджацький степ, romanized: Budzhats'kyy step) is a steppe located in the south of Ukraine and Moldova from the Dniester to Prut rivers reaching down to the Black Sea. The Bugeac Steppe has a total surface of 3,210 km$^2$, of which 6.1% is forest.
# Leathermouth

Leathermouth (often typeset as LeATHERMØUTH) was an American hardcore punk band led by Frank Iero. The band formed in 2007, and in January 2009 released their first album XO.

## History

Leathermouth was formed in 2007 by some friends of My Chemical Romance's rhythm guitarist Frank Iero. Iero had heard a few demo tracks from the band, and wanted to sign the band to his own independent label, Skeleton Crew. It was not until the previous lead singer had failed to write any lyrics that Iero became a member. He uses the band as a way to vent the frustrations he has with the current political and social climate; he has additionally stated that writing the lyrics was a way for him to cope with anxiety and depression he had felt during his life, with some of the songs written before the band had even formed. As a member of Leathermouth, this is the first project where he contributes lyrics and lead vocals since Pencey Prep (who broke up shortly after My Chemical Romance was formed). Leathermouth played their first shows in the summer of 2008 alongside Warship for the late 2008 Reggie and the Full Effect "Farewell Tour". Iero hoped to tour with Leathermouth when he was not working with My Chemical Romance.
In October 2008, Leathermouth signed to Epitaph Records, as opposed to Frank Iero's label as originally planned. Iero thought that it would be difficult to promote the album himself, if released through his own label, with his current obligations to My Chemical Romance and the other bands signed to his label. Epitaph Records president, Brett Gurewitz, was impressed with the band's "intensity and songwriting of the music." Leathermouth released their first studio album on January 27, 2009, through Epitaph entitled XO. Although the album did not chart on the Billboard 200, it did reach No. 21 on the Top Heatseekers chart.
In a 2012 interview with Iero, he revealed that many of the other band members turned to religion and decided not to be a part of Leathermouth anymore. Iero also stated he would like to continue Leathermouth, but is unsure if it will actually happen. He said, "There's still part of me that would hate not doing that band again. There's something brewing, but I don't know what it is. I really wanted that band to go on longer, but Jesus had other plans."
On May 19, 2013, Leathermouth performed at New Jersey's Skate and Surf Festival along with Glassjaw, Rx Bandits, A Day to Remember and others.
On September 13, 2018 Frank Iero announced the band would finally be releasing their debut album on vinyl via Epitaph Records on November 9, 2018.

## Band members

Final line-Up
* Frank Iero – lead vocals (2007–2010, 2013)
* Rob Hughes – lead guitar, backing vocals (2007–2010, 2013)
* Ed Auletta – rhythm guitar (2008–2010, 2013)
* John McGuire – bass, backing vocals (2008–2010, 2013)
* James Dewees – drums, percussion (2008–2010, 2013)
Former members
* Andrew Escobar – bass, backing vocals (2007)
* Vincent Averelli – rhythm guitar (2007)
* Steve Oyola – drums, percussion (2007)

### Timeline
## Discography

Studio albums
* XØ (2009)
Videography
* "Bodysnatchers 4 Ever" (2008)
# Daniş Karabelen

Daniş Karabelen (1898–1983) was a Turkish Army general who was the founder of Turkey's Tactical Mobilisation Group in 1952, and served as its chief until his retirement in 1960.

## Career

Karabelen was among those taken out of Military School in 1915 to participate in the Turkish defence against the Allied Gallipoli Campaign. Surviving this, he became an officer in the Turkish Army and worked closely with Mustafa Kemal Atatürk and taking a lead in developing some sports in the new Republic of Turkey, becoming Turkey's first national pole-vaulting champion.
Karabelen was one of sixteen soldiers (including Turgut Sunalp, Ahmet Yıldız, Alparslan Türkeş, Suphi Karaman, and Fikret Ateşdağlı) who were sent to the United States in 1948 for training in special warfare. These people were to form the core of what would later be called the Special Warfare Department (Turkish: Özel Harp Dairesi, or ÖHD), founded by Karabelen as the Tactical Mobilisation Group in September 1952.
Karabelen (then a Colonel) served in the Korean War from November 1952 to August 1953, as Assistant Commanding Officer of the Third Turkish Brigade. During this time he was one of 7 Turkish officers who attended the April 1953 Anzac Day commemoration in Australia, the first time Turkey had sent representatives. In 1954 he was awarded the Legion of Merit in the degree of Legionnaire by the United States Army.
Karabelen served as chief of the Tactical Mobilisation Group until his retirement in 1960.

## Books

* Cemal Kutay (2006), Beş Kıt'ada Bir Türk Paşası: Daniş Karabelen, Avcıol Basım Yayım
# Eressea (video game)

Eressea is an open-ended multi-player computer moderated fantasy turn-based strategy game world for any number of players. Players interact with the game via email. As of August 2006, the game has over 900 players, and has had weekly turns since August 27, 1996.

## Gameplay

The game world is populated by many races and monsters. It consists mainly of player-populated islands separated by oceans, and players control a growing number of units of a given race to build empires, armies and fleets.
Like most open-ended games, Eressea has no declared objective, it cannot be "won". It is possible to start playing even now, years into the game, and while some players have been playing their empire for many years, several new ones join every turn. Playing is free, although signups for German players (who make up 80% of the population of Eressea) have now been tied to a donation for an animal conservation charity.

## Development

The game was originally based on a very early version of Atlantis, but has been developed since 1996 independently of the original. The game is internationalized with support for English- and German-language play.
# Neptune's Grotto

Neptune's Grotto (Italian: Grotta di Nettuno; Catalan: Cova de Neptú) is a stalactite cave near the town of Alghero on the island of Sardinia, Italy. The cave was discovered by local fishermen in the 18th century and has since developed into a popular tourist attraction. The grotto gets its name from the Roman god of the sea, Neptune.

## Overview

The entrance to the grotto lies only about 1 metre (3 ft 3 in) above sea level at the foot of the 110-metre (360 ft) high Capo Caccia cliffs and the cave can therefore only be visited when the waters below are calm. A stairway cut into the cliff in 1954, the 654-step escala del cabirol (goat's steps), leads from a car park at the top of the cliff down to the entrance. The grotto is also accessible via a short boat trip from the port of Alghero; these trips are arranged hourly during the summer, but less frequently during spring and autumn. Two other grottoes lie nearby, the "Green grotto", which is not open to tourists, and the Grotta di Ricami, which is only accessible from the sea. Under water all around there are many big under water marine caves, paradise for the scuba-diving fans, the bigger and the most famous is the Nereo Cave, visited each year by thousands of scuba divers.
The combined length of the cave system is estimated to be around 4 km (2.5 mi), but only approximately 300 m (1,000 ft) are accessible to the public. Inside are passages of lit stalactite and stalagmite formations, and a 120-metre (390 ft) long saltwater lake, which is at sea level. The cave was once a habitat for the Mediterranean monk seal, which has become extinct in the area.

## Tourism

Tourists visiting Neptune's Grotto are given guided tours and led single-file through a lit pathway, with tour guides providing information about the cave in Italian and English. The visit lasts for one hour. The grotto is widely visited, and during the peak tourist season in August, can contain around 200 people at a time.

## In popular culture

Neptune's Grotto was the set of the science fiction movie Island of the Fishmen (1979). The movie stars Barbara Bach and Claudio Cassinelli, and it was directed by Sergio Martino. For approximately two months in the summer of 1978, the grotto was transformed into a gigantic set.
# Ərdəşəvi

Ərdəşəvi (Ardashavi) is a village in the Lachin District of Azerbaijan.

## History

The village was located in the Armenian-occupied territories surrounding Nagorno-Karabakh, coming under the control of ethnic Armenian forces during the First Nagorno-Karabakh War in the early 1990s. The village subsequently became part of the breakaway Republic of Artsakh as part of its Kashatagh Province, referred to as Artashavi (Armenian: Արտաշավի). It was returned to Azerbaijan as part of the 2020 Nagorno-Karabakh ceasefire agreement.

## Historical heritage sites

Historical heritage sites in and around the village include the historical village of Malkhalap (Armenian: Մալխալափ, also Malkhalaf) with a ruined medieval bridge nearby, a stele from 1221, a 13th-century khachkar, a khachkar from 1481, a tombstone from 1575, and two 17th-century khachkars.

## Demographics

The village had 88 inhabitants in 2005, and 127 inhabitants in 2015.
# Angst (2003 film)

Angst (in English: fear) (German: Der alte Affe Angst) is a 2003 German drama film directed by Oskar Roehler, starring André Hennicke, Marie Bäumer and Vadim Glowna. It follows a stage director who goes through a personal crisis.

## Cast

* André Hennicke as Robert
* Marie Bäumer as Marie
* Vadim Glowna as Klaus
* Hilde von Mieghem as Brigitte
* Hermann Beyer as Marie's father
* Jutta Hoffmann as Marie's mother
* Christoph Waltz as psychoanalyst
* Herbert Knaup as Wolfgang
* Ralf Bauer [de] as Markus
* Michaela Hinnenthal as Gregor's mother
* Peter Benedict as dramaturge
* Nina Petri as psychiatrist
* Catherine Flemming as mother
* Eva Habermann as Laura
* Ingrid van Bergen as Hannelore K.

## Production

The film was produced through Neue Bioskop Film Produktions & Vertrieb, TV 60 Filmproduktion and Bayerischer Rundfunk. Filming took place in Berlin and Wolfen from 9 April to 5 June 2002.

## Release

The film premiered on 14 February 2003 in competition at the 53rd Berlin International Film Festival. It was released in German cinemas by X Verleih on 24 April 2003.
# Pieńki Zarębskie

Pieńki Zarębskie is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Żabia Wola, within Grodzisk Mazowiecki County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately 4 kilometres (2 mi) south-east of Żabia Wola, 14 km (9 mi) south-east of Grodzisk Mazowiecki, and 31 km (19 mi) south-west of Warsaw.
# Magic Roundabout

Magic Roundabout may refer to:
* The Magic Roundabout, a 1963 children's television series (originally Le Manège Enchanté)
* The Magic Roundabout (film), a 2005 animated film, based on the series
* The Magic Roundabout, a 1979 project to build a full scale Millennium Falcon in Pembroke, Wales, for a Star Wars film
* A special traffic roundabout in England with a complex layout, nicknamed after the above series, also known as a ring junction:
** Magic Roundabout (Colchester)
** Magic Roundabout (Hemel Hempstead)
** Magic Roundabout (High Wycombe)
** Magic Roundabout (Swindon)
* "Magic Roundabout", a song on IQ's 1985 album The Wake
* "Magic Roundabout", a 1975 song by Jasper Carrott
# Gossnab

State Supplies of the USSR, known as the Gossnab of USSR (Russian: Госснаб СССР) was active from 1948 to 1953, and 1965 to 1991. Its full name was the State Committee for Material and Technical Supply of the USSR. Its primary responsibility was the wholesale allocation of material and technical goods to state enterprises, a critical state function in the absence of markets.
Gossnab was one of more than twenty state committees under the Council of Ministers, the administrative arm of the Soviet government, along with other economic organs such as Gosplan (the state planning committee) and Gosbank (the state bank). Created amid a series of economic reforms implemented under Premier Alexei Kosygin in the mid-1960s, Gossnab coordinated the allocation of resources not handled by Gosplan. Gossnab had mixed success in creating a wholesale trade system, based on direct contracts between suppliers and users.
The Gossnab coordinated with the USSR State Planning Committee (Gosplan), the Ministry of Finance of the USSR and the sectoral ministries and departments of the USSR and the Union republics.

## Chairmen of the Gossnab

* 1947 - 1952 - Lazar Moiseevich Kaganovich
* 1952 - 1953 - Ivan Grigorievich Kabanov
* 1965 - 1976 - Veniamin Emmanuilovich Dymshits
* 1976 - 1985 - Nikolai Vasilievich Martynov [ru]
* 1985 - 1989 - Lev Alekseevich Voronin
* 1989 - 1991 - Pavel Ivanovich Mostovoy
# Viktor Manakov (cyclist, born 1992)

Viktor Viktorovich Manakov (Russian: Виктор Викторович Манаков; born 9 June 1992) is a Russian professional racing cyclist, who last rode for amateur team Obidos Cycling Team. His parents Viktor Manakov and Jolanta Polikevičiūtė, and his aunt Rasa Polikevičiūtė were all professional cyclists.
At the 2007 European Youth Summer Olympic Festival, Manakov represented Lithuania, but later switched to internationally compete for Russia.

## Major results
### Road
#### 2009

    7th Overall Tour de Lorraine Juniors
       1st Stage 2
    7th Overall Peace Race Juniors

#### 2010

    4th Overall La Coupe du Président de la Ville de Grudziądz
       1st Stage 1a (TTT)

#### 2011

    6th Tallinn–Tartu GP

#### 2012

    1st Stage 5 Grand Prix of Adygeya

#### 2013

    2nd Time trial, National Under-23 Road Championships
    8th Trofeo Palma

#### 2014

    6th Chrono Champenois

#### 2015

    6th Overall Bałtyk–Karkonosze Tour

#### 2018

    4th Overall Five Rings of Moscow
    5th Time trial, National Road Championships
    5th Overall Bałtyk–Karkonosze Tour

#### 2019

    1st Stage 3b (TTT) Vuelta Ciclista a Costa Rica

#### 2020

    3rd Time trial, National Road Championships

### Track
#### 2009

    1st Team pursuit, UCI Juniors Track World Championships
    1st Team pursuit, UEC European Junior Track Championships

#### 2010

    UEC European Junior Track Championships
       1st Individual pursuit
       3rd Omnium
    3rd Individual pursuit, UCI Junior Track Cycling World Championships

#### 2011

    3rd Team pursuit, UEC European Track Championships

#### 2012

    UEC European Under-23 Track Championships
       1st Omnium
       1st Team pursuit

#### 2013

    1st Omnium, UEC European Track Championships
    National Track Championships
       1st Omnium
       1st Madison (with Ivan Savitskiy)
       2nd Team pursuit

#### 2014

    UEC European Under-23 Track Championships
       2nd Omnium
       2nd Team pursuit
    3rd Omnium, UCI Track Cycling World Championships

#### 2015

    1st Omnium, 2015–16 UCI Track Cycling World Cup, Cali

#### 2017

    3rd Madison, 2016–17 UCI Track Cycling World Cup, Cali (with Andrey Sazanov)