OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Arslanköy

Arslanköy (also called Efrenk) is a neighbourhood in the municipality and district of Toroslar, Mersin Province, Turkey. Its population is 1,683 (2022). Before the 2013 reorganisation, it was a town (belde).

## Geography

Arslanköy is a mountain town situated in the Toros Mountains at an altitude of approximately 1,475 metres (4,839 ft). The distance by road to Mersin is 51 kilometres (32 mi).

## History

Located about 3 kilometers south from the town is a small garrison fort that consists of several walls and a gate that block access to the summit of a limestone outcrop. The masonry indicates that it dates from the early Byzantine period with additions in the 12th or 13th century during the period of the Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia. It is located in the Taurus Mountains near the junction of several strategic roads which lead from both Çandır Castle (Papeṙōn) and the Mediterranean Sea to Cappadocia. The fortification was surveyed in 1979.
Among the early settlers were nomadic Oghuz Turks (Turkmens) who began to use the vicinity as a summer camp (Turkish: yayla) in the 14th century. Later a village was established. Some of the most influential folk poets like Karacaoğlan of the 17th century and Dadaloğlu of the 19th century are believed to have spent some years in Arslanköy.
Arslanköy previously an ambiguous village, made news in 1947 local elections. The candidate of the opposition won the elections for village headman (Turkish: muhtar). A civil servant supporting the governing party, tried to alter the official minutes . But residents of the village resisted and fought for their preference.
Arslanköy was declared a seat of township in 1954.

## Economy

Owing to high altitude, Arslanköy is one of the coolest parts of the province. The main crops are cereals and some fruits such as apples and peaches.
# Yalova Atatürk Mansion

Yalova Atatürk Mansion (Turkish: Yalova Atatürk Köşkü) is a mansion built for and used by Mustafa Kemal Atatürk during his visits to the thermal facilities in Yalova at Marmara Region, Turkey. Currently, the building is owned by the Turkish Grand National Assembly and is partly open to public as a house museum.

## History

Mustafa Kemal Atatürk visited Yalova first in 1927. He went there in summer months for the local thermal facilities. During his visits, he stayed in a wooden pavilion in Baltacı Farm next to the thermal bath, which was built in the 19th century by Sultan Abdülhamid II (reigned 1876–1909).
Atatürk commissioned the construction of a mansion for himself in Millet Farm (Millet Çiftliği). Designed by the architect Sedat Hakkı EldemIt, it was completed in 1929. The mansion was initially called Millet Farm Mansion ("Millet" is the Turkish word for "Nation") after the farm's name in which it was built.
The originally wooden mansion was renovated later. The two-story building has three VIP lounges and eleven rooms. It is equipped with furnitures brought from Dolmabahçe Palace.
Atatürk spent summer months in this mansion. He invited notable Turkish singers and musicians such as Safiye Ayla and Münir Nurettin Selçuk to perform concerts on Turkish classical music. The idea to establish the Turkish Historical Society and the Turkish Language Association was developed at this site.

## Museum

Yalova Atatürk Mansion, originally a private property of Atatürk, was transferred to the Turkish Grand National Assembly. After renovation works and fitting with pictures and personal belongings of Atatürk, the mansion was converted into a historical house museum, and opened to public in 1981.
# Juparanã Lagoon

The Juparanã Lagoon is a lagoon located between the municipalities of Linhares, Rio Bananal and Sooretama, in the state of Espírito Santo, Brazil. It is one of the largest lagoons in the country in freshwater volume. The main access is through km 137 of BR-101 north, 12 km from the center of Linhares.
With a total area of 62.06 km$^2$, the water body is the largest lake within a set of coastal lagoons that are inserted in the Doce River basin. The Juparanã Lagoon communicates with the Doce River through the Pequeno River in Linhares. Its maximum depth reaches 21 m.

## Description

The name "juparanã" comes from Tupi and means "freshwater sea."
North of the Juparanã Lagoon is Imperador Island, which has a landmark celebrating the two illustrious visits it received: the Emperor Dom Pedro II in 1860 and the then President Getúlio Vargas in 1954. The island maintains its natural vegetation. It is accessed by boat, and the closest land point is Pontal do Ouro Beach. Imperador Island is a property belonging to the State Government and serves as the physical boundary between the municipalities of Linhares and Rio Bananal.
The Juparanã Lagoon has more than forty beaches on its shores, most of them inside private properties. Of the beaches with public access we can mention Três Pontas, Caju, Minotauro (with restricted hours), Jesuína (in Rio Bananal) and Patrimônio da Lagoa Beaches (in Sooretama).
Of tourist structure in the public beaches we have restaurants/bars, cultural events and boats for touring.

## Jesuína Beach

Jesuína Beach is located in the municipality of Rio Bananal that is washed by a part of the Juparanã called Jesuína Lagoon, a name of Jesuit influence. Near the beach is Imperador Island, named after Dom Pedro II, who visited it in 1860.
# Isovios Desmos

"Isovios Desmos" (Greek: "Ισόβιος Δεσμός"; English: Eternal bond) is the first single released from Greek singer Katy Garbi's 2006 album Pos Allazei O Kairos. It is a duet with Fame Story 4 contestant Stathis Raftopoulos and was written by Pegasos. Garbi and Raftopoulos performed the song in the fourth and last installment of the hit talent music show Fame Story, where Garbi was part of the judging panel and Raftopoulos was a contestant. The song was the first digital download track to be released in Greece and was also released as a ringtone.
# Laskar Point

Laskar Point (Bulgarian: нос Ласкар, ‘Nos Laskar’ \'nos las-'kar\) is the point on the northwest side of the entrance to Urovene Cove on the southwest coast of Felipe Solo (Obligado) Peninsula, Graham Coast on the Antarctic Peninsula.
The feature is named after the settlement of Laskar in Northern Bulgaria.

## Location

Laskar Point is located at 65°53′18″S 64°36′31″W﻿ / ﻿65.88833°S 64.60861°W﻿ / -65.88833; -64.60861, which is 10.45 km northeast of Vorweg Point and 2.65 km northwest of Duyvis Point. British mapping in 1971.

## Maps

* British Antarctic Territory. Scale 1:200000 topographic map. DOS 610 Series, Sheet W 65 64. Directorate of Overseas Surveys, Tolworth, UK, 1971.
* Antarctic Digital Database (ADD). Scale 1:250000 topographic map of Antarctica. Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research (SCAR), 1993–2016.
# Jan Bedřich Kittl

Jan Bedřich Kittl (German: Johann Friedrich Kittl; 8 May 1806 – 20 July 1868) was a Czech composer.

## Biography

Kittl was born in Orlík. After studying law in Prague, Kittl studied music with Václav Tomášek. From 1843 to 1864, he headed the Prague Conservatory.
Kittl became famous for his operas, which have had great success in Prague. He also wrote chamber music, songs and four symphonies, including the widely played E-flat Symphony "Lovecka" (Jagdsinfonie Op. 8, 1838).
He died in Leszno, Poland on 20 July 1868, at the age of 62.

## Operas

* Daphnis' Grave (lost)
* Bianca and Giuseppe (or the French before Nice), libretto by Richard Wagner based on Heinrich Koenig's novel The High Bride 1848
* Forest Flower, libretto by Johann Carl Hickel 1852
* The Iconoclast Libretto: Julius Edward Hartmann 1854

## Songs

* "Glaubet nicht es wären Tränen" (text by Elise Schlick)
# Hard Times (Traveller)

Hard Times is a supplement published by Game Designers' Workshop (GDW) in 1991 for the science fiction role-playing game MegaTraveller.

## Contents

Hard Times moves the Traveller universe forward into a time where the galaxy is riven by economic stagnation and collapse of the empire. Rick Swan wrote, "Planets are gasping for life like guppies flung from a fish bowl, and the luckless survivors face a future of staggering adversity."
The book is divided into two main sections:
* An introduction, where gamemasters are advised what adjustments they should make to their MegaTraveller campaigns. This section also includes tables about damage to planetary biospheres, changes to tech levels, and new maps of the Shattered Imperium.
* Most of the book is taken up by a ten-adventure campaign, with each adventure covering one step in the decline and fall of the now-defunct Imperium:
* Destruction of interstellar transport
* Collapse of financial markets
* Economic recession
* Corporate reconfiguration
* Raiders and pirates
* Isolationism
* Retooling hardware
* Dooomed worlds
* The Imperium fails
* The darkness begins

## Publication history

GDW originally published Traveller, one of the first science fiction role-playing games, in 1977. By the late 1980s, despite a number of new editions including MegaTraveller, sales of the once-popular game had fallen off. In the 2014 book Designers & Dragons: The '70s, game historian Shannon Appelcline explained the steps GDW took to try to regenerate interest: "Dave Nilsen, one of GDW's new hires, headed the final attempts to correct MegaTraveller's problems. He began work with Hard Times (1991), a MegaTraveller book by Charles Gannon that moved the Traveller timeline from the year 1122 to 1128. It was an attempt by GDW to start actually moving MegaTraveller's metaplot, rather than leaving it in stasis. Though some thought it a great supplement because it did something, others thought that it made the once optimistic background of Traveller brutal and hopeless."$^{:174}$ Appelcline also noted that in preparation for Traveller: The New Era, "GDW did something very surprising: they destroyed the Imperium. A book called Survival Margin (1993) artfully detailed the transition from MegaTraveller through Hard Times into the New Era in prose form."$^{:175}$
Hard Times was designed by Charles Gannon, with additional contributions by Terrence McInnes, Tom McCarol, Mark Cunningham, and J. Duncan Law-Green. Interior art was by Thomas Darrel Midgette, Kirk Wescom and Lawrence Williams, and cover art was by David Dorman. The 96-page hardcover book was published by GDW in 1991.

## Reception

In the July 1992 edition of Dragon (Issue #183), Rick Swan admired the new direction of the MegaTraveller universe, calling it "a chilling look at the Shattered Imperium in the aftermath of the War of the Rebellion. If the MegaTraveller game heated up the universe of the original Traveller game, Hard Times incinerates it." Swan concluded, "It's fascinating material, masterfully done."

## Reviews

* Polyhedron #75
# Damyan Velchev

Damyan Velchev or Velcev (Bulgarian: Дамян Велчев) (4 March 1883, Gabrovo – 25 January 1954, Paris) was a Bulgarian politician and general.
From 1925 to 1935 he was the leader of the Military League (Bulgaria) (1919–1947), an organization of Bulgarian officers which carried the 1923, 1934 and 1944 coup d'etats. In 1930 he became a member of the Zveno group. In 1934 he led the pro-Zveno coup, but did not become a minister and stayed in the background. After King Boris III's counter-coup of 1935 Velchev fled abroad, but later slipped back into the country wanting to make another coup d'état and was arrested. He was sentenced to death in 1936, but Boris spared his life.
In 1943 he joined the Fatherland Front, an anti-Axis resistance movement. In 1944 the Fatherland Front seized power and Velchev became Minister of Defence with the rank of colonel general. He resigned in 1946 because of communist purges within the army. Later he became ambassador to Switzerland as an act by the communists to keep him away from Bulgarian matters, but in 1947 he resigned and asked for political asylum. He remained in Switzerland until his death in France in 1954.
# 28th Separate Motor Rifle Brigade

The 28th Separate Motor Rifle Brigade (Military Unit Number 61423) is a brigade of the Russian Ground Forces. The brigade was formed in 2009 from the 34th Motor Rifle Division. The brigade, originally based in Yekaterinburg, moved to Klintsy in 2016, where it became the 488th Motor Rifle Regiment of the 144th Guards Motor Rifle Division.

## History

On March 1, 2009, by decree No. 11/20/1/080 of the Commander of the Volga–Ural Military District, the 34th Motor Rifle Division was reorganized into brigade with the same designation. The unit inherited the division's honorifics titles and orders. Besides Yekaterinburg, elements of the brigade were located in the settlements of Verkhnyaya Pyshma, Tyubuk, Chebarkul, and Karabash. On 2 March 2011, Colonel Dmitry Kasperovich became commander of the brigade. In 2013 he was succeeded by Major General Andrey Mordvichev.
In February 2015, the brigade took part in the War in Donbas acting within Northern Operational Area. In September 2015, the brigade was involved in the large military exercise "Tsentr-2015". Colonel Ramil Gilyazov commanded the brigade at the time. In December 2015, the Chief Directorate of Intelligence of the Ministry of Defence of Ukraine reported that elements of the brigade had deployed to Syria.
In June 2016, the brigade began relocation to Klintsy, close to Russia's border with Belarus and Ukraine. It became part of the 20th Guards Army there. After relocating to Klintsy, the brigade was reorganized into the 488th Motor Rifle Regiment of the 144th Guards Motor Rifle Division, which inherited the traditions of the 34th Motor Rifle Division.
# Vasily Sternberg

Vasily Ivanovich Sternberg (Ukrainian: Василь Іванович Штернберґ, Russian: Василий Иванович Штернберг (12 February 1818, Saint Petersburg - 8 September 1845, Rome) was a Russian and Ukrainian landscape and genre painter.

## Biography

His father was a mining official. He began by auditing classes at the Imperial Academy of Arts and became a full student in 1835, studying landscape painting with Maxim Vorobiev. In addition to his formal works, he was known for his delightful drawings and caricatures.
Summers were spent at the home of his patron in a region of Ukraine known as "Little Russia". Many of his best-known works were inspired by what he saw there. Some of his works were purchased by Tsar Nicholas I as gifts for the Tsar's family. He was honored with the title of "Artist Class XIV".
From 1839 to 1840, he served in the expeditionary force to Khiva, led by General Vasily Alekseevich Perovsky. Following that, he received a fellowship from the Academy to work in Rome. He died there five years later, aged only twenty-seven.

## Selected paintings

* Italian Peasants, playing cards at the Osteria
* A Fair in Ukraine
* View of Podil, in Kiev
* Shinok (peasant's tavern) in Little Russia
# Valide Dam

Valide Dam (Turkish: Valide Bendi) is a historic dam located in Sarıyer district of Istanbul Province, Turkey.
Valide Dam was built in 1796 by Ottoman Sultan Selim III (reigned 1789–1807) to provide water for the donations in Eyüp of his mother Mihrişah Sultan (c. 1745–1805), who was titled Valide sultan during his reign.
The dam is situated north of Bahçeköy, Sarıyer inside the Bentler Nature Park, which is part of the Belgrad Forest.
Valide Dam impounds Ayazağa Creek, a tributary of Acıelma Creek, and has a catchment area of 1.825 km$^2$ (0.705 sq mi). It is a solid gravity dam constructed in masonry with its crest and the waterside wall covered by marble. Two buttresses in 6.30 m (20.7 ft) distance at toe are attached to the downstream wall to reinforce the structure. The dam is 11.25 m (36.9 ft) high from the thalweg and 103.90 m (340.9 ft) long at crest. The crest is 4.72 m (15.5 ft) and the base is 6.30 m (20.7 ft) wide. The dam has a reservoir capacity of 255,000 m$^3$ (9,000,000 cu ft).
# The Landowner's Daughter

The Landowner's Daughter (Portuguese: Sinhá Moça) is a 1953 Brazilian drama film directed by Tom Payne and Oswaldo Sampaio. It was entered into the 4th Berlin International Film Festival. It is based on the novel by Brazilian author Maria Camila Dezonne Pacheco Fernandes.

## Cast

* Anselmo Duarte as Rodrigo
* Eliane Lage as Sinhá Moça
* Ruth de Souza as Sabina
* Ricardo Campos as Benedito
# Beloved Enemy (1955 film)

Beloved Enemy (German: Geliebte Feindin) is a 1955 West German historical drama film directed by Rolf Hansen and starring Ruth Leuwerik, Werner Hinz and Thomas Holtzmann. The film's plot was loosely inspired by the Fashoda Incident of 1898.
The film's sets were designed by the art director Robert Herlth. It was shot at the Bavaria Studios in Munich, with location filming taking place in Cairo and the Saqqara.

## Synopsis

In a Sudanese city located on the Nile, the British consul encourages his wife to cultivate the acquaintanceship of a Sergeant in the French Foreign Legion in the hope she can find out about French military plans in the region.

## Cast

* Ruth Leuwerik as Violante Gore
* Werner Hinz as Gerald Gore, englischer Konsul
* Thomas Holtzmann as Sergeant Charly Brown
* Gustav Knuth as Soldat Horner
* Bruni Löbel as Aimée, Kabarettistin
* Rolf Henniger as Hauptmann Jules Ambéry
* Hans Quest as Ward, Sekretär bei Gore
* Hilde Weissner as Mrs. Trapp
* Friedrich Domin as Mr. Trapp
* Lina Carstens as Mrs. Durham
* Otto Brüggemann as Major Gontard
* Erika Remberg as Nadja
* Wolf Ackva as Allaine, französischer Konsul
* Adolf Ziegler as Caldwell, Butler bei Gore
* Brigitte Stanzel as Bessy Gore, die Tochter
* Wolf-Dieter Maurer as Ronald Gore, der Sohn
* Leonard Steckel as Oberst Junot
# Rentina Gorge

The Rentina Gorge (Greek: Στενά της Ρεντίνας) or Macedonian Tempe (Greek: Μακεδονικά Τέμπη) is a gorge in Rentina, Thessaloniki, Macedonia, Greece, named after Tempe (mod. pronunciation: "Tembi"), the long strip of gorges, hills and rivers in Thessaly.
The Rentina Gorge, located between Mount Cholomon and the Kerdylia mountains, lies just outside the major city of Thessaloniki and is a popular tourist spot during autumn, when the leaves change colour, and summer, when many people picnic there.
40°39′22″N 23°36′18″E﻿ / ﻿40.656°N 23.605°E﻿ / 40.656; 23.605
# Mitti Roya railway station

Mitti Roya railway station (Urdu: متی رویا ریلوے اسٹیشن) is located in Pakistan.
# Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Imphal

The Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Imphal (Latin: Imphalen(sis)) is an archdiocese located in the city of Imphal in India.

## History

* 29 January 1973: Established as Diocese of Kohima–Imphal from the Diocese of Dibrugarh
* 28 March 1980: Established as Diocese of Imphal from the Diocese of Kohima–Imphal
* 10 July 1995: Promoted as Metropolitan Archdiocese of Imphal

## Leadership

* Archbishops of Imphal (Latin Rite)
** Archbishop Linus Neli ( 7 October 2023 - Present )
** Archbishop Dominic Lumon (12 July 2006 – 7 October 2023)
** Archbishop Joseph Mittathany (10 July 1995 – 12 July 2006)
* Bishops of Imphal (Latin Rite)
** Bishop Joseph Mittathany (later Archbishop) (28 March 1980 – 10 July 1995)

## Suffragan dioceses

* Kohima
# Meulebeke

Meulebeke (Dutch pronunciation:; West Flemish: Mullebeke) is a municipality located in the Belgian province of West Flanders. The municipality comprises only the town of Meulebeke proper. On January 1, 2006, Meulebeke had a total population of 10,980. The total area is 29.35 km² which gives a population density of 374 inhabitants per km².

## Famous inhabitants

* Karel van Mander, painter and early art historian (1548)
* Gianni Meersman, professional cyclist (1985)
# Texas Special Police

The Texas Special Police were formed, along with the Texas State Police, during the Reconstruction Era administration of Texas. to combat crime statewide in Texas.

## History

Governor Edmund J. Davis, in order to combat crime statewide in Texas, formed the Texas Special Police on July 22, 1870 There were 30 Special Police Officers (SPO) assigned as auxiliary officers throughout the state.
On April 22, 1873, the law authorizing the state police was repealed by the newly elected Democrat controlled state legislature.

## Mission

The Texas Special Police was formed with the purpose of lending assistance to law enforcement agencies in the state of Texas.

## Engagements

On Friday, October 6, 1871, Special Policemen Green Paramore and John Lackey went to a general store in Nopal in Gonzales County to arrest the outlaw John Wesley Hardin. SPO Paramore went inside and SPO Lackey stayed at the back door. Paramore told Hardin he was under arrest and demanded his two pistols. Hardin handed the pistols to him butt first, and then did a border roll, whirling the pistols and shooting Paramore in the head, killing him instantly. Officer Lackey opened fire but Hardin shot him four times before fleeing. Lackey survived his wounds. Hardin was indicted, arrested but escaped jail and was never convicted for the murder of Officer Paramore or the shooting of Officer Lackey.

## Notable members

* Sheriff Jack Helm of Gonzales County; Texas Special Police officer, 1869–1870; later killed by John Wesley Hardin during the Sutton–Taylor feud.

## Line of Duty deaths

Green Paramore, was the only Texas Special Police officer killed in the line of duty. He was shot down by John Wesley Hardin Paramore was survived by his wife and three children.
# Saratovsky District

Saratovsky District (Russian: Сара́товский райо́н) is a former administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the thirty-eight in Saratov Oblast, Russia. On January 1, 2022, it was transformed into an administrative district; on May 13, 2022, it was renamed Gagarinsky District. It was located in the center of the oblast. The area of the district was 1,900 square kilometers (730 sq mi). Its administrative center was the city of Saratov (which is not administratively a part of the district). Population: 48,105 (2010 Census); 46,233 (2002 Census); 45,252 (1989 Soviet census).

## Administrative and municipal status

Within the framework of administrative divisions, Saratovsky District is one of the thirty-eight in the oblast. The city of Saratov serves as its administrative center, despite being incorporated separately as a city under oblast jurisdiction—an administrative unit with the status equal to that of the districts.
As a municipal division, the district is incorporated as Saratovsky Municipal District. Saratov City Under Oblast Jurisdiction is incorporated separately from the district as Saratov Urban Okrug.
# Phra Sing

Phra Sing (Thai: พระสิงห์) is a tambon (subdistrict) of Mueang Chiang Mai District, in Chiang Mai Province, Thailand. In 2005 it had a population of 8,616 people.
# Al Sumaria

Alsumaria News (Arabic: السومرية نيوز) is an independent Iraqi satellite TV network that transmits on Nilesat 102, Hot Bird 8, and NOORSAT/Eurobird.
Established by a group of businessmen in 2004, it has 700 employees across Iraq, Lebanon, the United Arab Emirates, and Jordan.
Alsumaria adopts a liberal perspective whilst maintaining religious faith and strongly refuting repression and autocracy. Alsumaria produces almost all of its 24/7 programs in-house. It broadcasts live entertainment, social, political, and game shows hosted by young Iraqis, and drama and comedy series starred, directed, and produced by Iraqis.
Alsumaria have exclusive rights to broadcast various movies, documentaries, musicals, children, entertainment, and sports shows.

## Channels

Terrestrial broadcasting 64 UHF
NileSat 102 Frequency: 12130 MHz Polarization: Vertical Symbol rate: 27.5 Mb/s FEC: 5/6
HotBird 8 – 13° East Transponder: 77 Frequency: 12245 MHz Polarization: Horizontal Symbol Rate: 27.500 M Symbol FEC: 3/4

## Availability

It is made available for a primarily-Arab audience throughout the world via satellite, online streaming through its website and in the Americas on myTV.