OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Jonathan Homer Lane

Jonathan Homer Lane (August 9, 1819 – May 3, 1880) was an American astrophysicist and inventor.

## Biography

Lane's parents were Mark and Henrietta (née Tenny) Lane and his education was at the Phillips Exeter Academy in Exeter, New Hampshire. He graduated from Yale University in 1846. While at Yale, Lane studied under astronomer Denison Olmsted. Olmsted’s interest in meteorology, particularly his support for James P. Espy’s thermodynamic model of storms, appear to closely parallel Lane’s later scientific interests and may have influenced him in that direction.
Lane worked for the U.S. Patent Office, and became a principal examiner in 1851, continuing in that position until forced out by a change of political administrations in 1857. From 1860 to 1866, he lived with his brother, a blacksmith, in Franklin, Pennsylvania. During that time, he actively worked on developing an improved "cold apparatus" with which he hoped to reach temperatures as low as -345 °F (-209 °C), building on the work of Sir William Siemens. In 1869 he joined the Office of Weights and Measures, a part of the Department of the Treasury that later became the National Bureau of Standards.
Lane was particularly interested in astronomy, and was the first to perform a mathematical analysis of the Sun as a gaseous body. His investigations demonstrated the thermodynamic relations between pressure, temperature, and density of the gas within the Sun, and formed the foundation of what would in the future become the theory of stellar evolution (see Lane-Emden equation).
Simon Newcomb, in his memoirs, describes Lane as "an odd-looking and odd-mannered little man, rather intellectual in appearance, who listened attentively to what others said, but who, so far as I noticed, never said a word himself." Newcomb recounts his own role in bringing Lane's work, in 1876, to the attention of William Thomson who further popularized the work. Newcomb notes, "it is very singular that a man of such acuteness never achieved anything else of significance."
The crater Lane on the Moon is named after him.

## Published works

* "On the theoretical temperature of the Sun, under the hypothesis of a gaseous mass maintaining its volume by its internal heat, and depending on the laws of gases as known to terrestrial experiment". American Journal of Science. 2. 50 (148): 57–74. 1870. Bibcode:1870AmJS...50...57L. doi:10.2475/ajs.s2-50.148.57. ISSN 0002-9599. S2CID 131102972.
# Peter Bogaevsky

Peter Mikhailovich Bogaevsky (or Bogayevsky) (Russian: Пётр Михайлович Богаевский) (Bulgarian: Петър Михайлович Богаевски) (January 23, 1866 — January 29, 1929) was a professor of international law in the Russian Empire. He was a professor at Tomsk University and later at Kiev University where he founded and directed the Kiev Institute for Near East. Following the Socialist revolution, he fled as an emigre to Sofia, Bulgaria where he assumed the post of professor of international law at the University of Sofia. With Stefan Bobchev he founded the Free University of Political and Economic Science. It was then also known as the Balkan Institute of the Near East, and was a private, but state-recognized institute which drew on the Ecole des Sciences Politiques as a model, and offered courses in diplomatic and consular services, administration and finance, and other areas.
# Mayis Azizyan

Mayis Azizyan (Armenian: Մայիս Ազիզյան; born 1 May 1978) is an Armenian professional footballer.
# Gregory Pakourianos the Younger

Gregory Pakourianos (Greek: Γρηγόριος Πακουριανός, romanized: Grēgorios Pakourianos; c. 1080 – before April 1105) was a Byzantine aristocrat and provincial governor.
He was born in c. 1080, and was the grandson of the distinguished military commander, the Iberian domestikos ton scholon Gregory Pakourianos, who was killed fighting against the Pechenegs in 1086. In c. 1100 he married a daughter (possibly named Anna) of Nikephoros Komnenos, the youngest brother of Byzantine emperor Alexios I Komnenos (r. 1081–1118). On that occasion Gregory was raised to the rank of sebastos, and appointed to the governance of a province near Ohrid—either Dyrrhachium or Skopje—but he died soon after, sometime before April 1105.
Gregory is known chiefly through the letters addressed to him by the archbishop Theophylact of Ohrid. Furthermore, in a letter by Theophylact's letter to Adrianos Komnenos, Gregory is praised as a capable and benevolent governor, who showed particular care and attention to the weak and destitute. By his wife, he had one known son, Nikephoros Pakourianos.
# 2012 WTA Tour Championships – Doubles

Maria Kirilenko and Nadia Petrova defeated Andrea Hlaváčková and Lucie Hradecká in the final, 6–1, 6–4 to win the doubles tennis title at the 2012 WTA Tour Championships.
Liezel Huber and Lisa Raymond were the defending champions, but were defeated by Hlaváčková and Hradecká in the semifinals.

## Seeds

* Sara Errani / Roberta Vinci (semifinals)
* Andrea Hlaváčková / Lucie Hradecká (final)
* Liezel Huber / Lisa Raymond (semifinals)
* Maria Kirilenko / Nadia Petrova (champions)

## Draw
### Key

* Q = Qualifier
* WC = Wild card
* LL = Lucky loser
* Alt = Alternate
* SE = Special exempt
* PR = Protected ranking
* ITF = ITF entry
* JE = Junior exempt
* w/o = Walkover
* r = Retired
* d = Defaulted
* SR = Special ranking

### Finals

| Semifinals | Semifinals | Semifinals | Semifinals | Semifinals | Final | Final | Final | Final |
| 1 | Sara Errani Roberta Vinci | 6 | 3 | [4] | | | | |
| 4 | Maria Kirilenko Nadia Petrova | 1 | 6 | [10] | | | | |
| 4 | Maria Kirilenko Nadia Petrova | 1 | 6 | [10] | 4 | Maria Kirilenko Nadia Petrova | 6 | 6 |
| | | | | | 2 | Andrea Hlaváčková Lucie Hradecká | 1 | 4 |
| 3 | Liezel Huber Lisa Raymond | 6$^6$ | 1 | | 2 | Andrea Hlaváčková Lucie Hradecká | 1 | 4 |
| 2 | Andrea Hlaváčková Lucie Hradecká | 7$^8$ | 6 | | | | | |
# Robert Cornog

Robert Alden Cornog (July 7, 1912 – July 17, 1998) was an American physicist and engineer who helped develop the atomic bomb and missile systems, and made significant discoveries regarding isotopes of hydrogen and helium.
A native of Portland, Oregon, who grew up in Iowa City, Cornog earned a bachelor's degree in mechanical engineering at the University of Iowa. After working for the United States Bureau of Reclamation on the Boulder Dam design, he studied at UC Berkeley for his doctorate in physics.
His graduate student research led to the co-discovery, with Luis Alvarez, that hydrogen of atomic mass 3 (tritium) was radioactive, and that helium of mass 3 (helium-3) occurs in nature. He also assisted Emilio Segrè in the discovery of element 85, astatine.
During World War II, Cornog designed magnetic equipment for ships and went to work on the Manhattan Project, successively at UC Berkeley, Princeton University and in Los Alamos, New Mexico. Cornog became chief engineer of the ordnance division of the atomic bomb development team and was involved in the development of the bomb's trigger mechanism.$^{:244}$
Following World War II, he focused on aerodynamics, nuclear energy, and rocket engineering. He worked on missile systems for several Southern California companies, including Northrop, Space Technology Laboratories and Ramo-Wooldridge Corporation, which became TRW. Also an expert on vacuum technology, Cornog headed Vacuum Enterprises from 1967 to 1974 and managed product development for Torr Vacuum Products until 1984. He held several patents and served as a technical advisor on the film Fat Man and Little Boy, about the atomic bomb.
Envisioning peaceful uses for nuclear and space technology, Cornog in 1959 foresaw a world in 40 to 50 years with worldwide color television broadcasts, satellites assembled in space and accurate weather prediction.
Cornog was a close associate of rocket pioneer and occultist Jack Parsons.$^{:244–257}$ Science fiction author Robert A. Heinlein, a friend, dedicated his 1961 novel Stranger in a Strange Land to Cornog. Donald Kingsbury dedicated his 1986 novel The Moon Goddess and the Son to several people including "Robert Cornog for discussing the economics of the leoport."
# Matthew J. Fader

Matthew J. Fader (born 1973) is an American lawyer serving as the chief justice of the Supreme Court of Maryland since 2022. He previously served as the chief judge of the Maryland Court of Special Appeals from 2018 to 2022.

## Early life and education

Matthew J. Fader was born in 1973 in Towson, Maryland. He received his Bachelor of Arts from the University of Virginia in 1995, where he was a member of Phi Beta Kappa. Fader received his Juris Doctor from Yale Law School in 1998, where he was senior editor of the Yale Law Journal.

## Legal career

Fader began his legal career serving as a law clerk for judge Leonie M. Brinkema of the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Virginia from 1998 to 1999. He served as a trial attorney with the United States Department of Justice from 1999 to 2002. From 2002 to 2006, he was an associate with K&L Gates, becoming a partner in 2006 and remaining so until 2010. From 2010 to 2017, he served in the office of the Maryland Attorney General; serving as an assistant attorney general from 2010 to 2012, deputy chief of the civil litigation division from 2012 to 2017, and chief of the civil litigation division in 2017.

## Judicial career

On October 6, 2017, governor Larry Hogan announced the appointment of Fader to serve as a judge of the Maryland Court of Special Appeals. His term began on November 1, 2017. On November 20, 2018, Governor Hogan announced his designation of Fader as chief judge; his term as chief judge began on November 28, 2018. On February 17, 2022, Governor Hogan announced the appointment of Fader to be a justice of the Supreme Court of Maryland to the seat vacated by judge Joseph M. Getty when he reached mandatory retirement age on April 14, 2022. On March 7, 2022, a committee hearing was held on his nomination, and on March 9, his nomination was reported favorably out of committee. The Maryland Senate confirmed his nomination on March 15, 2022, and he was sworn in as Chief Justice on April 15, 2022.
# Vassilios Iliadis

Vassilios Iliadis (born 18 September 1981) is a Greek judoka and sambist.

## Achievements

| Year | Tournament | Place | Weight class |
| 2001 | European Judo Championships | 7th | Heavyweight (+100 kg) |
| 2012 | World Sambo Championships | 2nd | Heavyweight (+100 kg) |
# 17th Air Squadron (Indonesia)

17th Air Squadron (Indonesian: Skadron Udara 17 or Skadud 17) is a Special/VIP transport squadron under the command of the 1st Air Wing at Halim Perdanakusuma Air Base, Jakarta. The 17th Air Squadron operates Indonesian Presidential Aircraft Boeing 737-800 BBJ2 and other transport aircraft.
The 17th Air Squadron was formed by the Air Force Chief of Staff on 1 August 1963. The squadron is based at Halim Perdanakusuma Air Force Base.

## History

The 17th Air Squadron was formerly known as IV Air Squadron. In 1963, the name was changed to 17th Air Squadron. The number 17 is taken from the date of the proclamation of independence of the Republic of Indonesia on 17 August 1945.
17th Air Squadron once flew the Secretary General of the United Nations, Ban Ki-moon, using a Boeing 737 aircraft. The trip across the continent departed from their headquarters at Halim Perdanakusuma Air Force Base and was overseen by Lt. Col. Bambang Gunarto, the Squadron Commander at the time.
The duties of this squadron are similar to the "Presidential Airlift Group 89th Airlift Wing of the United States Air Force", better known as "Air Force One", as the 17th Air Squadron operates Indonesian Presidential Aircraft, the Boeing 737 BBJ and other VIP/VVIP aircraft.

## Operations

The maintenance of the 17th Air Squadron is under the handling of the Ministry of the State Secretariat and even the operation of the aircraft is under the coordination of the Indonesian President's Military Secretariat.
Besides providing transportation for the president and other VIP passengers, the squadron also operated ex-Garuda Indonesia 737-400, used in evacuation of Indonesian nationals in conflict zone such as Afghanistan and Sudan.
This squadron once operated twentyone Il-14 Avia, three C-140 JetStar, C-47, one 737-200 (moved to another squadron), seven L401/402 Cessna, Fokker F27 Friendship, Fokker F28 Fellowship, Boeing B707.
As of now, the squadron operated one Dassault Falcon 7x and one Falcon 8x, Boeing Business Jet 737, Boeing 737 (500, 400, 800, 800NG), C-130 Hercules. The squadron once operated AS-332 Super Puma, but since 2018, since the formation of the 45th Air Squadron, with the main task of flying VIP rotary wing aircraft, these helicopters were moved to the 45th Air Squadron.
# Chailly-en-Brie

Chailly-en-Brie (French pronunciation: , literally Chailly in Brie) is a commune in the Seine-et-Marne department in the Île-de-France region in north-central France. It is located approximately 40 miles (64 km) to the east of Paris.

## Demographics

The inhabitants are called Caïbotins.
# Mark Matkevich

Mark Matkevich (born January 19, 1978) is an American art gallerist and actor best known for appearing as Drue Valentine in 17 episodes of the television program Dawson's Creek. He also appeared in the film Sweet Home Alabama, where he played Patrick Dempsey's friend. Matkevich also had recurring roles on Ed and Joan of Arcadia. He played Dan, a medical student, in the episode "Haunted" of Tru Calling and had a guest star role in Season 5 of NCIS. He appeared in the Showtime show Dexter. He also was a guest star on Drake & Josh in the episode "Guitar," where he plays rock guitarist Devin Malone for whom Drake substitutes in a concert after Josh accidentally injures Devin's hand.
In 2011, Matkevich started Axiom Contemporary, an art gallery in Santa Monica, California. Axiom specializes in pop, abstract, neo-street, and contemporary art works from international artists in all mediums. Axiom has attended and shown at art fairs in New York, San Francisco, Miami, Hong Kong, Los Angeles and Aspen.
Matkevich graduated from Cardinal O'Hara High School in Springfield, Pennsylvania and attended Temple University in Philadelphia.

## Filmography

| Year | Title | Role |
| 1999 | The Sterling Chase | Barry Marshall |
| 2002 | Sweet Home Alabama | Tom Darovsic |
| 2012 | Melvin Smarty | Sebastian |
# Darreh Chah, Jam

Darreh Chah (Persian: دره چاه, also Romanized as Darreh Chāh; also known as Dar Chāh) is a village in Kuri Rural District, in the Central District of Jam County, Bushehr Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 135, in 30 families.
# Boas Atururi

Boas Atururi (born 21 August 1990) is an Indonesian professional footballer who plays as a left-back.

## Club career
### Semen Padang

In 2019, Boas Atururi signed a one-year contract with Indonesian Liga 1 club Semen Padang.

### Persewar Waropen

Atururi joined the Persewar Waropen club in the 2020 Liga 2. This season was suspended on 27 March 2020 due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The season was abandoned and was declared void on 20 January 2021.
# Lamitta Frangieh

Lamitta Frangieh (Arabic: لاميتا فرنجية; born 15 November 1980) is a Lebanese actress, model and beauty pageant titleholder who placed 1st Runner-up at Miss Lebanon 2004 and represented her country at Miss World 2005 but was unplaced.

## Beauty pageants and modeling

She claimed first runner-up at the 2004 Miss Lebanon Competition held at the LBC studios in Adma, Lebanon. Despite receiving the highest scores from nine independent jury members, she was only rewarded the position of first runner-up. She received the highest score (9.882) in Swimwear. Frangieh was voted as the most likely contestant to win the Miss Lebanon 2004 pageant, with local media on her side. However, due to political and religious interferences, she finished as first runner-up then proceeded to Miss World 2005 pageant, where she placed in the Top 12.

## Acting

In her acting career, she has filmed various movies and series, her start was with Lebanese series called 3asser el harim. In 2009, she moved to Egypt, where she was acting in various movies, Had Same' Haga with Ramez Galal, Mohtaram Ella Rob' with Mohammad Ragab, 365 days of happiness with Ahmad Ezz, Ana badi3 ya Wadi3, Omar w Salma 3 with Tamer Hosny.

## Personal life

In 2014, Lamita Franjieh married Lebanese businessman Freddy Makhraz in a private ceremony in Paris. They spent their honeymoon in Monaco and Thailand. She gave birth to their child, a son called Justin (b. 2016) at an American hospital in Carmel-by-the-Sea, California.
# Vijlen

Vijlen (Limburgish: Viele) is a village in the South-East part of the Dutch province of Limburg. The village is constituted of a number of hamlets, among which Mamelis, Camerig, Harles and Cottessen. Including these hamlets, Vijlen has around 1,500 inhabitants (in 2005) and is part of the municipality of Vaals. Located at 200 meters above Normaal Amsterdams Peil, on top of the Vijlenerberg (Vijlener hill), it is the highest situated town in the Netherlands. The neo-Gothic and Catholic St. Martinus church, which is located in the center of the village, is known as the highest located church in the country.
The area around the village is well known for its natural environment and landscapes. The 'Mergelland Route', a touristic route through the South-Limburg area, leads through the village and its surroundings. With lodging and camping facilities available, tourism related business is a key source of income for the village.
The origin of the village is most likely Roman. The name Vijlen is generally believed to be derived from the Roman word 'villa' or 'villare' (farm estate or 'belonging to a farm estate'). Remains of a Roman villa have been found close to the village. The earliest known documentation on the village originates from 1016. Documentation of a gift to the abbey of Aachen-Burtscheidt in that year mentions property in Villiam (Uilliam). In the adjoining forest, the 'Vijlener bos', evidence of much earlier human activity in the area has been found. Communal graves from the Linear Pottery culture have been recovered, and indicate human settlements in the area around 5000 years ago.

## Gallery

* Vijlen, church
* Vijlen, the village
# Ladomirov

Ladomirov (Hungarian: Ladomér, Rusyn: Ладомирів) is a village and municipality in Snina District in the Prešov Region of north-eastern Slovakia.

## History

Ladomirov was first mentioned in historical records in 1567. Before the establishment of independent Czechoslovakia in 1918, Ladomirov was part of Zemplén County within the Kingdom of Hungary. In 1939, it was for a short time part of the Slovak Republic. As a result of the Slovak–Hungarian War of 1939, it was from 1939 to 1944 again part of Hungary. In the autumn of 1944, the Red Army entered Ladomirov and it was once again part of Czechoslovakia.

## Geography

The municipality lies at an altitude of 315 metres and covers an area of 15.245 km$^2$. It has a population of about 350 people.
# Joseph Conrad (general)

Joseph Conrad (May 17, 1827 – July 16, 1897) was a Union American Civil War colonel who was nominated and confirmed in 1866 for appointment as a brevet brigadier general of volunteers for his service during the Atlanta Campaign.

## Biography

He was born in Wied-Selters, Kingdom of Prussia. He graduated from the Electorate of Hesse military academy in 1848, and was a Prussian Army officer. He emigrated to the United States, where he settled in the state of Missouri.
At the beginning of the American Civil War, he enlisted in the Union Army, and was made captain of a company of the Third Missouri Infantry on April 22, 1861. He was captured at Neosho, Missouri on July 5, 1861 and was exchanged. In September 1861, he was promoted to major of the Fifteenth Missouri Infantry. He fought in the battles of Wilson's Creek, Carthage, Pea Ridge, Corinth, Perryville, Chickamauga, and Missionary Ridge.
During the Atlanta Campaign, he commanded a brigade of the Army of the Cumberland at the battles of Franklin and Nashville. On January 13, 1866, President Andrew Johnson nominated Conrad for appointment to the grade of brevet brigadier general of volunteers for his service during the Atlanta Campaign, to rank from March 13, 1865, and the United States Senate confirmed the appointment on March 12, 1866. He commanded the sub-district of Victoria in Texas until February 3, 1866, when he was mustered out of the volunteer service.
After the war, Conrad entered the regular army, and was commissioned captain in the 29th Infantry on July 28, 1866, was transferred to the 11th Infantry in April 1869, and served with his regiment until October 23, 1882, when he was retired with the rank of colonel. Joseph Conrad and his wife Minnie S. Conrad (1848–1898) are buried at Arlington National Cemetery.
# Autonomies for Europe

Autonomies for Europe (Italian: Autonomie per l'Europa, ApE) was a regionalist coalition of parties formed in Aosta Valley, Italy in order to participate in the 2019 European Parliament election.
The coalition had a technical agreement with the Democratic Party (PD). ApE's candidate was Marco Gheller, who received also the support of Great North, Pro Lombardy Independence and other minor regional parties of northern Italy.

## Composition

The alliance is composed of the following five parties:
| Party | Main ideology | Leader |
| Valdostan Union (UV) | Regionalism, Centrism | Erik Lavévaz |
| Progressive Valdostan Union (UVP) | Regionalism, Progressivism | Giuliano Morelli |
| Autonomy Liberty Participation Ecology (ALPE) | Regionalism, Social democracy | Roberto Cunéaz |
| Edelweiss (SA) | Regionalism, Christian democracy | Carlo Marzi |
| Valdostan Autonomist Popular Edelweiss (EPAV) | Regionalism, Centrism | Mauro Beccega |
Originally, For Our Valley was supposed to join ApE, but finally backtracted. Also Mouv', an emerging regional party which would grow bigger in the 2020 regional election, refused to join the coalition.

## Electoral results
### European Parliament

European Parliament :
| Election year | Votes | % | Seats | +/– | Leader |
| 2019 | 6,904 (3rd) | 13.9 | 0 / 76 | – | Marco Gheller |
# Viktor Panchenko

Viktor Vyacheslavovich Panchenko (Russian: Ви́ктор Вячесла́вович Па́нченко) is a Russian football official and a former player who was the top scorer of the Russian Top Division in 1993. He scored 21 goals for KAMAZ Naberezhnye Chelny. He is the sporting director for SKA Rostov-on-Don.
Viktor Panchenko shares the record for most goals in a match of Russian Premier League, having scored five against Spartak Vladikavkaz on 26 March 1994. The only other players to achieve this are Oleg Veretennikov and Mateo Cassierra. Panchenko is the third best all-time goalscorer for KAMAZ (57 goals).
After finishing his player career Panchenko became a FIFA agent. On 6 December 2010 he was appointed the head scout of Dynamo Moscow.
His son Kirill Panchenko is a professional footballer.