OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Geneva University of Art and Design

Geneva University of Art and Design (HEAD) (French: Haute École d'art et de Design Genève) is a European art and design school founded in 2006, and belonging to the network of the University of Applied Sciences and Arts of Western Switzerland.

## History

HEAD was formed in 2006 from the merger of two older Swiss art schools, the École Supérieure des Beaux-Arts, and the Haute École d'Arts Appliqués. The École Supérieure des Beaux-Arts was founded in 1748 by the Conseil des Deux-Cents under the name École de Dessein. The Haute École d'Arts Appliqués was founded on October 4, 1869 under the name l’École d’Art Appliqué à l’Industrie.'

## About

The school offers coursework at the Bachelors and Masters levels. Areas of study include Visual Arts, Cinema, Interior Design, Graphic Design, Fashion and Accessory Design, and Media Design. However the school is best known for their fashion programs. Since 2017, the campus occupies more than 16,000 m2 in area.

## Campus buildings

* Building at Boulevard Helvétique 9, used since 2006 by the visual arts section
* Building at Rue Général Dufour 2, used since 2006 by the cinema section
* Building at Rue de l'Encyclopédie 5, used since 2006 by the visual communication section
* Pavillon Prairie at Rue de Lyon 22, used from 2006 to 2016 by the interior design section
* Building H, Avenue de Châtelaine 7, used since 2017
* Building E, Avenue de Châtelaine 5, used since 2017
* Building A, Rue de Lyon 114B, planned for 2020
* Building D, Boulevard James-Fazy 15, used since 2006 by the fashion, jewelry and accessories design section

## Notable people

* Laurence Boissier (class of 2009)
* Sonia Kacem (class of 2009 and 2011)
* Emmanuel Tarpin (class of 2014)
# Wons

Wons (West Frisian: Wûns) is a village in Súdwest-Fryslân in the province of Friesland, the Netherlands. It had a population of around 290 in January 2017.

## History

The villages was first mentioned in 1270 as Wyldinghen, and means "settlement of Woldens (person)". Wons is a terp (artificial living hill) village with a grid structure. The terp was partially excavated. The former grietenij (predecessor of the municipality) Wûnseradiel was named after Wons, because it contained the court house.
The Dutch Reformed church is a domed church from 1728 which was built as the replacement of a 12th century predecessor. The tower was renewed in 1776.
Wons was home to 172 people in 1840. In May 1940, Wons was the scene of fighting as a prelude to the Battle of the Afsluitdijk. The village was located in the first line of defence. 17 Dutch soldiers and one civilian were killed. The line of defence only delayed the German advance for one day and was abandoned when the only canon ran out of ammunition. Nevertheless it allowed the Dutch army to retreat to Holland. The Germans were held back at Kornwerderzand on the Afsluitdijk which was never conquered.
Before 2011, the village was part of the Wûnseradiel municipality.

## Gallery

* World War II monument
* Welcome to Wons
# State Reasons

State Reasons (French: La raison d'état, Italian: Ragione di stato) is a 1978 French-Italian political drama film written and directed by André Cayatte.

## Cast

* Jean Yanne: Jean-Philippe Leroi
* Monica Vitti: Angela Ravelli
* Michel Bouquet: Francis Jobin
* François Périer: Prof. Marrot
* Jean-Claude Bouillon: Bernard Moulin
* Georges Chamarat: Gardener
* Jean Rougerie: Prime Minister
* Jess Hahn: CIA Agent
* Hubert Gignoux: Minister of War
* Gabriel Jabbour: Meslam
* Michèle Lituac: Françoise
# Alex Frew

Alex Frew (24 October 1877 – 29 April 1947) was an international rugby union forward who played for both Scotland and South Africa.

## Amateur career

He played for Kilmarnock RFC before moving to Edinburgh University.
He was capped by Scotland while at Edinburgh University RFC. He graduated as a doctor.
In South Africa, he played for Diggers RFC. He came to South Africa to work in a British-run concentration camp as a doctor.

## Provincial career

He was capped for the South-West District before being capped for Glasgow District to play in the 1899 Inter-city match against Edinburgh District.
While at Kilmarnock, he was also capped for West Counties District.
When he moved to South Africa he played for Transvaal province.

## International career

Frew played three tests for Scotland and one test for South Africa, captaining them on that one occasion
# Jackie Powell

John "Jackie" Powell (12 December 1871 – 19 December 1955) was a rugby union player who represented South Africa 4 times, once as captain. At 19 years 260 days, he is one of the youngest ever players to have represented South Africa. He also played first-class cricket for Griqualand West.
Powell attended St. Andrew's College, Grahamstown in 1890.
# André Vos

André Neal Vos (born 9 January 1975) is a former South African rugby union player who played as a loose forward for Eastern Province (South Africa), Queensland Reds (Australia), The Cats, The Lions and Harlequins (England) until his retirement in 2007.

## Rugby career

He also captained the Springboks.
Vos attended Selborne College in East London, South Africa (he represented Border at the 1992 Craven Week) and the then University of Port Elizabeth.
He represented South Africa at the U21 and at under 23 level.
He made his senior provincial debut for Eastern Province (then coached by Alex Wyllie) in 1995, and played 35 matches for that province in 1995 and 1996.
He played for the Golden Lions in 1997.
In 1998 he wore the Queensland Reds' jersey in the Super 12 earning 11 full caps for the Australian franchise.
He returned to South African shores in 1998 to play for the Cats in the Super 12 and for the Golden Lions in the South African Currie Cup.
He made his international debut against Italy in Port Elizabeth on 12 June 1999 as a replacement. The final score was 74-3 in favour of the Springboks. He was in the starting 15 for the next match in Durban. He was in and out of the starting 15 for the next eight test matches, starting in only three.
After the IRB Rugby World Cup in 1999 he took over the captaincy of South Africa from Joost van der Westhuizen.
He went on to earn 33 test caps for South Africa (6 as substitute), 16 as captain. He scored 5 tries for South Africa. His international career record is: played 33, won 18, drew 1, lost 14.
Vos retired from international rugby in 2002, saying, "Physically I am no longer up to Springbok rugby."

### Harlequins

Vos signed for Harlequins in 2002. In 2004, he captained the side to there European Challenge Cup victory, beating Clermont Auvergne, at the time known as Montferrand, 27-26 in the final.
In 2006, he captained the side as they won promotion from the RFU Championship back to the Premiership. He captained the side for three years until he resigned at the end of the 2005/6 season, when Paul Volley took over.
He was able to obtain a free transfer to England, as his English-born wife Caroline holds a British passport.
# Tanka torani

Tanka torani (Odia: ଟଙ୍କ ତୋରାଣି taṅka torāṇi) is a drink made from one-day-old cooked rice known as anna which is a part of Mahaprasada offered to Lord Jagannatha. It is available round the year in Ananda Bajara and is specially relished during summer.

## Recipe

Tanka Toraaṇi is made using the following ingredients:
* Cooked rice
* Curd
* Water
* Ginger
* Mango Ginger
* Green chilies
* Salt
* Roasted cumin powder
* Lemon leaves
* Curry leaves
* Basil leaves
* Lemon
Take one-day-old cooked rice along with the rice water. The rice is mashed and water and curd is added to it till the consistency is that of a drink. All the spices are then added and mixed thoroughly. The mixture is then kept for 2–3 hours and then served cold. It is traditionally made in earthen pots so that it remains cool.
# Strikeforce: Revenge

Strikeforce: Revenge was the second mixed martial arts event promoted by Strikeforce. The event took place at the HP Pavilion at San Jose in San Jose, California on June 9, 2006. The main event featured the North American debut of Alistair Overeem.

## Results

* ↑ For the Strikeforce Lightweight Championship.
# Strikeforce: Shamrock vs. Gracie

Strikeforce: Shamrock vs. Gracie was the inaugural mixed martial arts event promoted by Strikeforce. The event took place at the HP Pavilion at San Jose in San Jose, California on March 10, 2006. The main event was a match between Frank Shamrock, returning to the sport after a 3-year absence, and Cesar Gracie. The show is also notable for featuring the MMA debut of Cung Le.

## Results

* ↑ For the inaugural Strikeforce Lightweight Championship.
# Kadoshkino

Kadoshkino (Russian: Кадо́шкино; Moksha: Кадаж, Kadaž) is an urban locality (a work settlement) and the administrative center of Kadoshkinsky District of the Republic of Mordovia, Russia. As of the 2010 Census, its population was 4,704.

## History

Urban-type settlement status was granted to it in 1968.

## Administrative and municipal status

Within the framework of administrative divisions, Kadoshkino serves as the administrative center of Kadoshkinsky District. As an administrative division, the work settlement of Kadoshkino, together with five rural localities, is incorporated within Kadoshkinsky District as Kadoshkino Work Settlement. As a municipal division, Kadoshkino Work Settlement is incorporated within Kadoshkinsky Municipal District as Kadoshkinskoye Urban Settlement.
# Collège des Frères de Jaffa

Collège des Frères de Jaffa (Hebrew: קולג' דה פרר; Arabic: مدرسة الفرير في يافا) is a French international school on Yefet Street #23 in Jaffa, a district of Tel Aviv. A part of the La Sallian educational institutions, it opened in 1882. Originally it was in the Mutasarrifate of Jerusalem, Ottoman Empire, before being in the British Mandate of Palestine; currently it is in Israel.
Hosting one of six French international high school programs in Israel, it serves levels maternelle (preschool) through terminale (final year of high school), with quatrième through terminale under the AEFE. This affiliation ensures that students receive a high-standard French education, preparing them for the French baccalauréat and offering them opportunities to continue their studies in France or other French-speaking countries.

## Notable alumni

* Ismail al-Faruqi, philosopher and Islamic scholar
* Élie Barnavi, historian and diplomat
* Ghassan Kanafani, writer and political activist
* Ayman Sikseck, author, literary critic, and cultural commentator
* Scandar Copti, filmmaker addressing social issues
* Abu Nidal, militant leader and founder of the Abu Nidal Organization (ANO)
# Tom Albanese

Tom Albanese (born (1957-09-09)September 9, 1957) was the former chief executive officer of the Vedanta Resources and was the former chief executive officer and a board member of the Rio Tinto Group. He was asked to resign from Rio Tinto on January 17, 2013 and was replaced by Sam Walsh. Albanese to stepped down as Vedanta CEO in August 2017.

## Biography

Albanese was born in New Jersey and earned both a bachelor's degree in mineral economics and a master's in mining engineering from the University of Alaska Fairbanks.

### Career

According to Forbes magazine, Albanese's total 2007 compensation was valued at $12,596,000. He has previously held several managerial positions within Rio Tinto's organization, including at North Limited and Kennecott Utah Copper. Albanese joined the company in 1993, when Rio Tinto acquired his previous employer, NERCO. He has also served on the boards of Ivanhoe Mines (2006–07) and Palabora Mining Company (2004–06).
In March 2014 he became the CEO of London-based mining company Vedanta Resources.
# Big Is Beautiful

Big Is Beautiful (French: Mince alors!) is a 2012 French comedy film, directed by Charlotte de Turckheim and starring Lola Dewaere, Victoria Abril and Catherine Hosmalin.

## Plot

The young, round and lovely Nina is married to Gaspard, who, unfortunately, rather likes very thin women. The couple move to Paris and Nina is preparing to launch a sophisticated line of swimwear. Because of her love for her husband, Nina accepts his ambiguous gift: a slimming treatment at Brides-les-Bains, considered "the last hope of the fat". There, she makes two flamboyant friends. Sophie, a lawyer from Marseille who likes to control everything, including herself. Émilie is a caregiver whose weight has begun to affect her health and her love life yet her motto remains, "Big is beautiful".

## Cast

* Lola Dewaere as Nina
* Victoria Abril as Sophie
* Catherine Hosmalin as Emilie
* Grégory Fitoussi as Gaspard
* Mehdi Nebbou as Doctor Hachemi
* Julia Piaton as Roxanne
* Raphaël Lenglet as Yussuf
* Dominique Besnehard as Antoine
* Martin Daquin as Thomas
* Pauline Lefèvre as Natacha
* Anouk Aimée as Mom
* Charlotte de Turckheim as Christelle
* Pascal Légitimus as Freddy
* Christine Citti as Roxanne's mother
* Frédéric Chau as Baptiste
* Claudine Wilde as Gundrun
* Émilie Gavois-Kahn as Nathalie
* Pascal Liger as Hans
* Valérie Moreau as Isabelle
* Alain Stern as Fred
* Barbara Bolotner as Jessica
* Vincent Bowen as Romain
* Jean-Baptiste Perichon as Léo
* David Salles as Andrej
* Jitka Grekova as Xenia
* Eric Boucher as Jean-Paul
* Alexis Sellam as Monsieur Scrabble
* Pablo Pauly as The driver
# Sevettijärvi

Sevettijärvi (Skolt Sami: Čeʹvetjäuʹrr, Inari Sami: Čevetjävri and Northern Sami: Čeavetjávri) is a village in the municipality of Inari, Finland approximately 120 kilometres (75 mi) north of downtown Inari. Neiden in Norway is approximately 35 kilometres (22 mi) away. The village's green, yet stark terrain opens up as Neiden approaches.
The village is built on what used to be the sea floor during the Ice Age. The rocky shores of the lakes between Sevettijärvi and Neiden draw the attention of passers-by. These shores are referred to as the “devil’s fields” by locals.
Sevettijärvi and its surrounding areas are one of the main areas where the Skolts live. The majority of Sevettijärvi's 350 residents, approximately 90%, are Skolt, although there are a few Finns who have moved north living in the village. A few Inari and Northern Sámi and some foreigners (French, Dutch) also live in the area.

## History

Sevettijärvi was founded when a total of 51 Skolt families were evacuated there from Petsamo after the wars in 1949. Before that, a few Sámi families had been living in the area, e.g., the Aikios, Kittis, Sarris, Holmbergs, Högmans and Kaarrettis.
At the same time, a school, a health centre and a chapel were built. A merchant from Inari built a shop in the center of the village.
The first road passable by car to Sevettijärvi was built at the end of the 1960s. Prior to that, people used Bombardier snowmobiles, reindeer and skis to get around in winter and walked, biked or went by boat in the summertime.

## Sites

The village has an old Skolt cottage, which was moved to Sevettijärvi from Kirakkajärvi and currently serves as a museum dedicated to the traditions of the Skolts. In addition, it has an Orthodox church that previously served as the parish's chapel.
The fjeld Jänispää rises out of the ground approximately 10 kilometres (6 mi) north of Sevettijärvi. A suspension bridge hangs over the Näätämö River at Lake Opukas, an approximately 15 kilometres (9 mi) hike from Sevettijärvi.

## Notable people

* Veikko Feodoroff, member of the Sami Parliament (Finland)
# Ivan Ryzhov

Ivan Petrovich Ryzhov (Russian: Ива́н Петро́вич Рыжо́в; 25 January 1913, Zelyonaya Sloboda, Bronnitsky Uyezd, Moscow Governorate — 15 March 2004, Moscow) was a Soviet and Russian film and theater actor. People's Artist of the RSFSR (1980).

## Biography

Ryzhov was born on 25 January 1913 in the village of Zelyonaya Sloboda, in the Bronnitsky Uyezd of the Moscow Governorate of the Russian Empire. In 1935, he graduated from the School of the Moscow Theater of the Revolution and became an actor of the theater.
He made his film debut in the role of Captain Soroka in the Kubans.
He played the main role in the first Soviet commercial.
Ivan Ryzhov died on the morning of 15 March 2004 in a Moscow hospital. According to his daughter, it happened due to negligence of the medical staff: the actor had fallen and cut his hand. The funeral service took place not in the House of Cinema, as has happened with other famous actors, but in a small temple at Botkin Hospital, where he had died. The memorial was attended by relatives and artists.
He was buried at Perepechinskoe Cemetery.

## Awards

* Honored Artist of the RSFSR (4 September 1974)
* People's Artist of the RSFSR (25 July 1980)
* Order of the Red Banner of Labour (30 April 1991) — for his merits in the development of Soviet cinematic art

## Select filmography

* 1943 — We from the Urals as Ivan Dmitrievich
* 1944 — Kashchey the Immortal as naughty boy
* 1947 — Ballad of Siberia as on duty at the airport and lumberjacks
* 1953 — Hostile Whirlwinds as soldier
* 1956 — Ilya Muromets as head of horse guards
* 1956 — A Weary Road as gendarme
* 1957 — It Happened in Penkovo as farmer
* 1958 — And Quiet Flows the Don as head of horse guards
* 1959 — Mumu as Gavrila
* 1959 — Tavriya as Mokeich
* 1961 — Yevdokiya as Ivan Yegorovich Shestyorkin
* 1964 — Come Here, Mukhtar! as militia captain
* 1964 — There Is Such a Lad as head of tank farms
* 1964 — Tale About the Lost Time as foreman at a construction site
* 1966 — Andrei Rublev as old master (voice)
* 1967 — Stewardess as passengers with baby toys
* 1970 — Crime and Punishment as Tit Vasilievich
* 1972 — Taming of the Fire as Alekseich
* 1972 — Big School-Break as head of the police station
* 1972 — Ilf and Petrov Rode a Tram as Chief Editor
* 1972 — Chipollino as Master Raisin (voice)
* 1973 — Hopelessly Lost as Boggs
* 1973 — The Red Snowball Tree as Fyodor
* 1973 — Incorrigible Liar as senior master
* 1974 — A Lover's Romance as Vasily Vasilievich
* 1976 — How Czar Peter the Great Married Off His Moor as Gavrilo Afanasievich Rtishchev
* 1976 — The Days of the Turbins as footman Fyodor
* 1977 — White Bim Black Ear as Pal Titych, house manager
* 1983 — Quarantine as Petrovich
* 1988 — Tree Sticks! as granddad
* 1994 — Life and Extraordinary Adventures of Private Ivan Chonkin as Shapkin
* 1995 — Heads and Tails as Timofeich
# Muddu

Muddu (Telugu: ముద్దు) in Telugu language means Kiss.
* Muddu Bidda is a 1956 Telugu Drama film directed and produced by K. B. Tilak.
* Muddu Palani was a Telugu speaking poet and devadasi attached to the court of Pratap Singh, the Maratha king of Tanjore.
# Mount Erek

Mount Erek (Turkish: Erek Dağı, Armenian: Վարագա լեռ, Varaga leř, Kurdish: Çiyayê Erek) a mountain 3,204 meters high overlooking the city of Van in eastern Turkey.
The prominent, now ruined, Armenian monastery of Varagavank ("monastery of Varag") is located at the foot of the mountain. The toponym Varag may have originated from a Middle Iranian of "crow" (waragh in modern Persian).
# Roman Catholic Diocese of Potosí

The Roman Catholic Diocese of Potosí (Latin: Dioecesis Potosiensis in Bolivia) is a diocese located in the city of Potosí in the ecclesiastical province of Sucre in Bolivia.

## History

* November 11, 1924: Established as Diocese of Potosí from the Metropolitan Archdiocese of La Plata

## Bishops
### Ordinaries

* Cleto Loayza Gumiel (1924.11.15 – 1968.12.30)
* Bernardo Leonardo Fey Schneider, C.Ss.R. (1968.12.30 – 1983.05.21)
* Edmundo Luis Flavio Abastoflor Montero (1984.10.06 – 1996.07.31), appointed Archbishop of La Paz
* Walter Pérez Villamonte (1998.03.07 – 2009.11.25)
* Ricardo Ernesto Centellas Guzmán (2009.11.25 – 2020.02.11), appointed Archbishop of Sucre

### Coadjutor bishop

* Bernardo Leonardo Fey Schneider, C.SS.R. (1956–1968)

### Auxiliary bishops

* Bernardo Leonardo Fey Schneider, C.SS.R. (1952–1956), appointed Coadjutor here
* Bernardino Rivera Alvarez, O.F.M. (1976–2000)
* Toribio Ticona Porco (1986–1992), appointed Prelate of Corocoro; future Cardinal
* Ricardo Ernesto Centellas Guzmán (2005–2009), appointed Bishop here
# Islamuddin Shaikh

Islamuddin Shaikh (Urdu: اسلام الدین شیخ) is senior Pakistani politician who has been a member of Senate of Pakistan since March 2015.His son Nouman Islam Shaikh is MNA since 2008 till now.

## Political career

He was elected to the Senate of Pakistan as a candidate of Pakistan Peoples Party (PPP) in 2009 Pakistani Senate election.
He was re-elected to the Senate of Pakistan as a candidate of PPP in 2015 Pakistani Senate election.
# Donetsk People's Republic–South Ossetia relations

Donetsk People's Republic–South Ossetia relations (Ossetian: Донецчы Адӕмон Республикӕ-Хуссар Ирыстоны хъуыд, Russian: Донецко-южноосетинские отношения) are the bilateral relations between the Donetsk People's Republic (DPR) and South Ossetia. The DPR is a disputed republic of Russia whereas South Ossetia is a partially recognized state. From April 2014 to September 2022, the DPR portrayed itself as an independent state, but this is no longer the case after Russia's annexation of the DPR on 30 September 2022.
The Russian-annexed DPR is widely internationally unrecognized, with most of the international community regarding the DPR as a Russian military occupation of a portion of Ukraine's Donetsk Oblast (roughly 60% as of October 2022). Meanwhile, South Ossetia is also widely internationally unrecognized, with most of the international community regarding South Ossetia as a part of Georgia.
The DPR and South Ossetia maintained bilateral relations from June 2014 to September 2022. The relations have become defunct in the international relations sense (state-to-state) after Russia's annexation of the DPR. South Ossetia still maintains relations with the DPR in the subnational sense (state-to-province).

## History

In April 2014, pro-Russian separatists in the Donbas occupied the city of Donetsk and declared independence from Ukraine, having taken control of a portion of Donetsk Oblast, with the rest of the oblast remaining under Ukrainian rule. In the meantime, South Ossetian Ambassador to Russia Dmitry Medoyev received a delegation from DPR Chairman Denis Pushilin at the latter's request. During the meeting, Pushilin asked Medoyev to address an appeal to South Ossetian president Leonid Tibilov and parliamentary Chairman Stanislav Kochiev to recognize the DPR's independence.
On June 27, South Ossetia's Security Council decided to recognize the Donetsk People's Republic. South Ossetia's president told the media: "I believe the recognition of the Donetsk republic is the right step, South Ossetia's people support and hail the decision to recognize Donetsk and Luhansk."
On May 13, 2015, the Donetsk People's Republic Foreign Ministry said in a statement that President Alexander Zakharchenko signed the decree recognizing Abkhazia and South Ossetia.
Celebrations were held in Tskhinvali when Russia recognized Donetsk and Luhansk, organized by the South Ossetian government.