OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Constantine Maniakes

Constantine Maniakes (Greek: Κωνσταντῖνος Μανιάκης; fl. ca. 830–866) was a senior Byzantine court official of the mid-9th century.

## Biography

Maniakes was probably descended from a noble Armenian family. He came to the Byzantine court in the reign of Emperor Theophilos (r. 829–842), as a member of a delegation from the Armenian princes, and was left in the Byzantine capital, Constantinople, as a hostage. His intelligence and physical qualities soon marked him out, and he quickly won the confidence of Theophilos and rose in the court hierarchy. By the end of Theophilos's reign, he was droungarios of the Watch. He retained this post after Theophilos's death, and it was he who in 843 enforced the deposition of Patriarch John VII Grammatikos, who later falsely accused Maniakes of torturing him.
His influence in the imperial court was high during the regency of Empress Theodora and Theoktistos, as well as after, during the sole reign of Michael III (r. 842–867). He eventually rose to the rank of patrikios and the post of logothetes tou dromou ("Postal Logothete", effectively foreign minister), the latter in 866–867 according to Rodolphe Guilland. After Theoktistos's fall in 855, engineered by Theodora's brother Bardas, Maniakes tried in vain to save Theoktistos from execution. Maniakes was one of the sponsors of Basil the Macedonian, who later became emperor (r. 867–886), during his early days in the imperial court. According to Genesios and other Byzantine chroniclers, Maniakes was related to the future emperor, who was of partial Armenian descent. Maniakes was also a firm opponent of Patriarch Photios and consequently a friend and ally of Photios's rival Ignatios, even aiding him during the latter's imprisonment at Bardas's orders. During the murder of Bardas by Basil the Macedonian in April 866, Constantine protected Michael III through the subsequent tumult. He was one of Michael III's partners in the emperor's favourite pastime, chariot racing, and is last mentioned in the races held on 1 September 866 in the hippodrome of the Saint Mamas Palace.

## Family

Traditionally, Constantine Maniakes has been identified with the father of Thomas, a patrikios and logothetes in the early 10th century, and as the father or grandfather of the historian Genesios, but more recent research by Patricia Karlin-Hayter and Tadeusz Wasilewski has undermined this hypothesis.
# Fred Dell

Fred Dell (10 December 1915 – 1970) was an English footballer who played as an inside right for Dartford and in The Football League for West Ham United and Doncaster Rovers.

## Club career

Born in Dartford, Kent, Dell joined his hometown club Dartford. Signed by West Ham in 1935 for a reported fee of £2,000, he played only four games with his debut coming on 14 December 1936 in a 2–0 home defeat by Sheffield United. Dell moved to Doncaster Rovers in 1938 along with Albert Walker in exchange for Rovers Arthur Banner. He made 33 appearances in league and cup games, including two in the 1939–40 season before war broke out and he left for the forces. In addition to his 12 league goals he scored 4 in the FA Cup.
# Ghyvelde

Ghyvelde (French pronunciation:; Dutch: Gijvelde, West Flemish: Gyvelde) is a commune in the Nord department in northern France. It is located on the Belgian border, and just inland from the North Sea. It is, after Bray-Dunes, the second most northern commune of France. The E40/A16 passes through the commune. On 1 January 2016, the former commune Les Moëres was merged into Ghyvelde.

## Gallery

* Town hall
* Saint-Vincent church

## Heraldry

| Arms of Ghyvelde | The arms of Ghyvelde are blazoned : Ermine, on a bend gules, 3 escallops bendwise Or. (Ghyvelde and Hondschoote use the same arms.) |
# Roman Catholic Diocese of Kinkala

The Roman Catholic Diocese of Kinkala (Latin: Dioecesis Kinkalana) is a diocese located in the city of Kinkala in the ecclesiastical province of Brazzaville in the Republic of the Congo.

## History

On October 3, 1987, the diocese was established from the Metropolitan Archdiocese of Brazzaville.

## Bishops
### Ordinaries, in reverse chronological order

* Bishop Ildevert Mathurin Mouanga (March 5, 2020 – present)
* Bishop Louis Portella Mbuyu (October 16, 2001 – March 5, 2020)
* Bishop Anatole Milandou (October 3, 1987 – January 23, 2001), appointed Archbishop of Brazzaville

### Other priest of this diocese who became bishop

* Bienvenu Manamika Bafouakouahou, appointed Bishop of Dolisie in 2013
# Ballacobb

Ballacobb (in Manx:Ballacurn, the farm of McCurry or O'Curry) is situated between the 16th and 17th Milestone road-side markers on the Snaefell Mountain Course, on the primary A3 Castletown to Ramsey road at the side-junction with the tertiary U16 Slieu Curn Road, in the parish of Ballaugh in the Isle of Man.
The distinctive S-bend at Ballacobb and the nearby Ballaugh Bridge were part of the Highland Course and Four Inch Course used for the Gordon Bennett Trial and Tourist Trophy car races held between 1904 and 1922. Ballacobb is part of the Snaefell Mountain Course used since 1911 for the Isle of Man TT and from 1923 for the Manx Grand Prix races.

## Sources

* ↑ Place Names of the Isle of Man by John Kneen MA pp446 (1970) Yn Cheshaght Ghailckagh The Scolar Press
* ↑ TT Pioneers - Early Car Racing in the Isle of Man pp 22 Robert Kelly, Mercury Asset Management (1996)(1st Edition) The Manx Experience, The Alden Press ISBN 1-873120-61-3
# Lindinis

Lindinis or Lendiniae was a small town in the Roman province of Britannia. Today it is known as Ilchester, located in the English county of Somerset in the United Kingdom.

## Name

The name "Lindinis" appears in the 7th-century Ravenna Cosmography. The alternative *Lendiniae is derived from two inscribed construction stones from Hadrian's Wall which refer to a detachment from the Lendinienses tribe of the Durotriges" (Latin: Civitas Durotragum Lendiniensis). The inscriptions seem to imply that the town was a separate tribal capital from the known one at Dorchester (Durnovaria). It appears to be a Latinization of the Brittonic for "swampy lake".

## History
### Prehistoric

There were two large Iron Age hillforts in the region of Lindinis at Ham Hill and Cadbury. There was also a small settlement to the south of the site of the later Roman town.

### Roman

A timber-walled fort (Latin: castrum) was established at Ilchester around AD 60 and later a second fort seems to have been built. It protected the crossing of the Fosse Way over the River Yeo. Originally surrounded by native round houses, these were later supplanted by an unplanned settlement (vicus) of around 30 acres (120,000 m$^2$). The post was abandoned in the late 1st century, after which a street grid was set up with timber domestic dwellings and workshops, as well as outer roadside industrial suburbs. There is evidence of iron, glass, and bone working and pottery production, as well as agricultural plots within the town. In the late 2nd century, the central area was surrounded by a defensive bank and ditch with stone gateways. Stone walls were erected in the mid-4th century. It became the only walled town in the territory of the Durotriges other than Durnovaria. By this time, the town seems to have largely consisted of private homes of owners rich enough to install fine mosaic floors. More than thirty have been discovered and it has been suggested that the town contained a workshop of the Corinium Saltire School of mosaicists or else boasted its own 'Lindinis School'.

### Medieval

Pottery imported into the area after the Roman withdrawal from Britain around 410 imply the site continued to be occupied over the next century, although the local elite may have then relocated to the nearby hillfort of South Cadbury. Ford identified Lindinis as the Cair Pensa vel Coyt listed among the 28 cities of Britain by the History of the Britons, taking the name as a reference to Penselwood (coit being Welsh for "forest"), although others such as Mommsen and Ussher instead read vel as the Latin for "or"—"Pensa or Coyt"—and tentatively associate it with Isca at present-day Exeter.
# Vaptsarov Peak

Vaptsarov Peak (Bulgarian: Вапцаров връх, romanized: Vaptsarov vrah, IPA:) rises to approximately 410 m in Delchev Ridge, Tangra Mountains, eastern Livingston Island in the South Shetland Islands, Antarctica. The peak has steep and ice-free western slopes, and surmounts Ihtiman Hook to the northwest and Sopot Ice Piedmont to the east, north and west.
The peak is named after the famous Bulgarian poet Nikola Vaptsarov (1909–42).

## Location

The peak is located at 62°37′13.2″S 59°54′07.5″W﻿ / ﻿62.620333°S 59.902083°W﻿ / -62.620333; -59.902083, which is 1.21 km north of Elena Peak, 620 m north-northwest of Paisiy Peak, 960 m northeast of Rodopi Peak, 5.07 km west by south of Renier Point, 1.92 km west of Besapara Hill and 2.01 km west by north of Kaloyan Nunatak (Bulgarian mapping in 2005 and 2009).

## Vaptsarov Peak in popular culture

The cover of the VA album Under Heaven: Vinson Massif (2010) actually features a photo not of Vinson Massif but of eastern Tangra Mountains instead, with Mugla Passage and Vaptsarov Peak in the foreground, and Elena Peak (left) and Delchev Peak (right) in the background. Both the picture and the misidentification may have possibly originated in the ‘Vinson Massif’ entry of the ‘Seven Summits Quest’ website.

## Maps

* L. L. Ivanov et al., Antarctica: Livingston Island and Greenwich Island, South Shetland Islands (from English Strait to Morton Strait, with illustrations and ice-cover distribution), 1:100000 scale topographic map, Antarctic Place-names Commission of Bulgaria, Sofia, 2005
* L. L. Ivanov. Antarctica: Livingston Island and Greenwich, Robert, Snow and Smith Islands. Scale 1:120000 topographic map. Troyan: Manfred Wörner Foundation, 2010. ISBN 978-954-92032-9-5 (First edition 2009. ISBN 978-954-92032-6-4)
* Antarctic Digital Database (ADD). Scale 1:250000 topographic map of Antarctica. Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research (SCAR). Since 1993, regularly upgraded and updated.
* L. L. Ivanov. Antarctica: Livingston Island and Smith Island. Scale 1:100000 topographic map. Manfred Wörner Foundation, 2017. ISBN 978-619-90008-3-0
# Salaya, Thailand

Salaya (Thai: ศาลายา, pronounced) is a tambon (sub-district) of Phutthamonthon district, Nakhon Pathom province, central Thailand, to the west of Bangkok and part of the Bangkok Metropolitan Region. In 2017 it had a population of 9,784 people, Salaya contains six mubans (villages).

## History

The word Salaya means 'medicine pavilion'. It got this name because in the reign of King Mongkut (Rama IV), he ordered the digging of a khlong ('canal'), Khlong Maha Sawat through this area and building a salas ('Thai pavilion') on both banks of the khlong.
For Salaya is a pavilion that contains textbooks about traditional Thai medicine for educating the general public, including being a sanatorium as well.
Because it is close to Bangkok, Salaya has many important places such as Phutthamonthon, Utthayan Avenue, Mahidol University, Salaya railway station, Thai Film Archive, and the Naval Education Department.
A local prominent shopping center CentralPlaza Salaya, indeed, it is located in the area of Bang Toei in neighbouring district Sam Phran.

## Administration
### Central administration

Salaya is divided into six administrative villages:
| No. | Name | Thai |
| 01. | Ban Wat Suwan | บ้านวัดสุวรรณ |
| 02. | Ban Khlong Tali (Khlong Yong) | บ้านคลองตาหลี (คลองโยง) |
| 03. | Ban Nong Khae | บ้านหนองแค |
| 04. | Ban Tapin | บ้านตาพิน |
| 05. | Ban Salaya | บ้านศาลายา |
| 06. | Ban Phutthamonthon | บ้านพุทธมณฑล |

### Local administration

The area of the tambon is shared by two local governments:
* Thesaban tambon (subdistrict municipality) Salaya (เทศบาลตำบลศายาลา)
* Subdistrict administrative organization (SAO) Salaya (องค์การบริหารส่วนตำบลศาลายา)
# Polik, Sierpc County

Polik is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Rościszewo, within Sierpc County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately 4 kilometres (2 mi) north of Rościszewo, 10 km (6 mi) north-east of Sierpc, and 115 km (71 mi) north-west of Warsaw.
# Oudebildtzijl

Oudebildtzijl (Dutch:; Bildts: Ouwe-Syl; West Frisian: Aldebiltsyl) is a village in Waadhoeke municipality in the province of Friesland, the Netherlands. It had a population of around 690 in January 2017.
It is the starting point from which the Oude Bildtdijk was created. Until 2018, the village was part of the het Bildt municipality.

## History

The village was first mentioned after 1570 as niuwe zijl, and means "sluice in the old Bildt. It refers to a sluice from 1505. In 1600, the Nieuwe Bildtdijk was constructed and oude (old) was added to distinguish from Nieuwebildtzijl [nl]. In 1504, a deal was struck between George, Duke of Saxony and four noblemen from Holland to polder the Middelzee. In 1505, a dike (Oude Bildtdijk) was constructed. The sluice was renewed in 1906.
In 1806, a Mennonite Church was built in Oudebildtzijl. In 1909, the church was enlarged and a clergy house with tower was added to the front. The Juliana tower is in neoclassic style with an open pavilion. The church was decommissioned in 1997, and nowadays serves as visitor centre for the nature area Aerden Plaats.
Oudebildtzijl was home to 604 people in 1840. In 1948, it became a village.

## Notable people

* Gerrit Keizer [fy] (1874-1946), freak show artist, singer and acrobat, because of his height of 80 cm. Performed around the world.

## Gallery

* Street view
* Farm in Oudebildtzijl
* Canal view
* Statue of Gerrit Keizer [fy]
# Vourvourou

Vourvourou (Greek: Βουρβουρού) is a village near Agios Nikolaos, in the Chalkidiki peninsula of northern Greece. It is best known as a holiday destination.

## History

In the 10th century, the area was known as the "land of the Vourvourioi", and was granted to the Xenophontos monastery of Mount Athos. In the 1615, the people of Agios Nikolaos acquired the land, but at the end of the 19th century the monks of Simonopetra monastery sold it to Russian monks, with the result that the latter were forcibly driven away by the local inhabitants.
Vourvourou itself is not a typical village, with no square or history. Rather it is a 'strip' of shops, tavernas and rooms to rent and is almost an exclusively seasonal area with few year-round residents.
During the 1960s the teaching staff of the University of Thessaloniki developed a holiday resort in a private area also known as Vourvourou. Designed by Professor Thales Argyropoulos it has become well known for its environment-friendly design and respect for the natural surroundings and has become one of the most prestigious resorts of its kind in Greece. In 1974 excavation at the chapel of Panagia in Vourvourou, uncovered ruins of what is probably the remains of the monastery of Ieromnimon.

## Geography

Vourvourou is situated 51 kilometres (32 mi) southeast of Poligiros on the eastern side of Sithonia peninsula, between the villages of Ormos Panagia and Sarti. The area contains numerous sandy beaches, small rock islands and caves. Mount Itamos is in the vicinity.
# Özgüneş railway station

Özgüneş railway station (Turkish: Özgüneş istasyonu) is a railway station in Ankara, Turkey, currently being rebuilt. The station was a stop on the Ankara suburban from 1972 to 2016 when it was closed and demolished shortly after, in order to rebuild and expand the railway. Construction of the new station began in 2017 and is expected to open on 12 April 2018.
Özgüneş station was originally built in 1970 by the Turkish State Railways, when the railway from Ankara to Sincan was double-tracked. It entered service in 1972, when electric commuter service began on the line.
The new station consists of an island platform serving two tracks, within a five-track railway. South of the platform are two tracks for mainline and YHT high-speed trains, while the track north of the platform is a bi-directional track for freight trains and equipment moves.
# Fumblerules

A fumblerule is a rule of language or linguistic style, humorously written in such a way that it breaks this rule. Fumblerules are a form of self-reference.
The science editor George L. Trigg published a list of such rules in 1979. The term fumblerules was coined in a list of such rules compiled by William Safire on Sunday, 4 November 1979, in his column "On Language" in The New York Times. Safire later authored a book titled Fumblerules: A Lighthearted Guide to Grammar and Good Usage, which was reprinted in 2005 as How Not to Write: The Essential Misrules of Grammar.

## Examples

* "Avoid clichés like the plague."
* "Don't listen to any advice."
* "Ending a sentence with a preposition is one thing that I will not put up with."
* "English is the crème de la crème of all languages."
* "Eschew obfuscation, espouse elucidation."
* "It is bad to carelessly split infinitives."
* "Never use no double negatives."
* "No sentence fragments."
* "Parentheses are (almost always) unnecessary."
* "The passive voice should never be employed."
* "You should not use a big word when a diminutive one would suffice."
* "And don't begin a sentence with a connective."
* "Using discourse markers in academic writing basically sounds terrible, you know."
# Robert Drew (politician)

Robert Drew (January 1575–1645) of Southbroom, Devizes, Wiltshire was an English lawyer and politician who sat in the House of Commons at various times between 1597 and 1625.
Drew was the son of John Drew of Southbroom and his wife Eleanor Cooke, daughter of William Cooke of Lacock. He matriculated at Christ Church, Oxford on 11 February 1592 aged 18 and entered Middle Temple in 1592. He succeeded to the estate of Southbroom on the death of his father in 1614.
In 1597, Drew was elected Member of Parliament for Devizes. On 18 May 1599 the Middle Temple benchers refused his call to the bar because he had not performed his "exercises of learning", but he was eventually called by 1602. He was re-elected MP for Devizes in 1601. From 1603 he was a common councilman for Devizes, remaining in post until 1640. He was re-elected MP for Devizes in 1604 and was a J.P. for Devizes from 1606 to 1640. In 1625 he was elected MP for Devizes once again.
Drew died at the age of about 70. He had married Jane Jackman, daughter of John Jackman, citizen and grocer of London on 25 May 1602. They had six sons and five daughters.
# Fred Fayers

Frederick L. "Fred" or "Tiny" Fayers (21 September 1890 – 4 February 1954) was an English footballer. He was born in King's Lynn, Norfolk, and died in Huddersfield, Yorkshire. A central defender or right half, Fayers played at amateur level for Northern Nomads, St Albans City, Watford and Huddersfield Town. He turned professional six months after joining Huddersfield. Following the resumption of peacetime football in 1918, Fayers played professionally for Stockport County, Manchester City and Halifax Town, whom he also coached. During his time at Watford and Huddersfield, Fayers represented England nine times at amateur level, scoring three goals.
# Kalahandi Utsav

Kalahandi Utsav (Odia: କଳାହାଣ୍ଡି ଉତ୍ସବ) also called "Kalahandi Utsav Ghumara" is an annual exhibition or festival celebrated along with district administration in Bhawanipatna and Dharamgarh of Kalahandi District in the Indian state of Odisha. Kalahandi Utsav is a platform to encourage, motivate and showcase the art, culture, music, drama, literature, handy crafts of Odisha globally.

## History

P.K. Jena, an ex-collector of Kalahandi first initiated the Kalahandi Utsav in 1997. Initially it was called Ghumura Mahotsav. Then it was organized at sub-division level at Dharamgarh by ex-sub-collector V. Karthikeya Pandian in 2003.

## Venue

It is celebrated at Lal Bahadur stadium in Bhawanipatna and Panchayat playground in Dharamgarh. More than 300 stalls appear at both venues.

## Performances

Hundreds of folk dance troupes and folk singers from different parts of the State and outside perform.

## Preparation

Mahavir Sanskruti Anusthan,a Cultural organization based in Bhawanipatna trains local performers of Kalahandi district.

## Gallery

* Folk dancers performing on 15th Kalahandi utsav 2011, Dharamgarh
* Overview of Lal Bahadur Stadium, Bhawanipatna during Kalahandi Utsav
* Stage of Utsav
* Kalahandi Utsav 2019, Bhawanipatna
# Srednji Globodol

Srednji Globodol (pronounced, German: Mittertiefenthal) is a small settlement in the Municipality of Mirna Peč in southeastern Slovenia. The area is part of the historical region of Lower Carniola. The municipality is now included in the Southeast Slovenia Statistical Region.
Evidence of an early Roman period burial ground has been discovered near the settlement.
# Elzear Horn

Elzear Horn (Latin: Elzearius; 1690 or 1691–28 November 1744) was a German Catholic friar and missionary of the Franciscan Order who is best known for his travelogues of Palestine.
Horn was born in the vicinity of the Franconian town of Hammelburg in the Holy Roman Empire. He took religious vows as a friar in c. 1708 and was ordained to the priesthood c. 1712. In 1720 he visited the Holy Land for the first time; from 1725 to 1726 he was at the head of the Franciscan Order's Custody of the Holy Land, and from 1737 to 1738 he served as the choir director and secretary of the Monastery of Saint Saviour in Jerusalem, then part of the Ottoman Empire.
Horn's writings, particularly Ichnographiæ locorum et monumentorum vete-rum Terræ Sanctæ, accurate delineatæ et descriptæ, are an extensive source of information about the monuments, particularly churches, and life in 18th-century Jerusalem. At this time, various Christian denominations vied for power in Muslim-ruled Jerusalem, including the Greek Orthodox, Roman Catholics, and Armenians. The Christians had less love for each other than they had for the Muslims: Horn, for example, referred to the Greeks simply as "the Vomit". Yet Horn also states that the Franciscan friars treated sick people regardless of religious affiliation, and he himself is known to have employed a Jewish physician from Italy. Horn is one of the principal sources of information about the pharmacy at Saint Saviour. Among Horn's most valuable works are the description and drawing of the subsequently destroyed tomb of King Baldwin V of Jerusalem, which Israeli art historian Zehava Jacoby used to reconstruct the boy king's tomb.
* Horn's drawings
* Tomb of Baldwin V
* Aedicula of the tomb of Jesus
* The Holy Sepulchre, featuring the immovable ladder
In 1738 Horn travelled to the province of Thuringia but soon returned to the Holy Land, where he spent the rest of his life. He died in Acre (Ptolemais) in Ottoman Syria on 28 November 1744 at the age of 52.
# National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering

National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering or NIBGE (Urdu: قومی ادارہَ برائے فنونِ حیاتیاتی و مہندسیِ امورِ تناسل) is one of the main biotechnology institutes operated by Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission (PAEC). It is located in Faisalabad.

## History

It was planned under the auspices of PAEC in 1987 and was formally inaugurated by president of Pakistan Farooq Leghari in 1994. It is affiliated to Pakistan Institute of Engineering & Applied Sciences (PIEAS) Islamabad, for awarding MPhil & PhD degrees. NIBGE is also the home institution of many Commodity Auctions and National Biology Talent Contest.

## Research Divisions

There are five research divisions at NIBGE:
* Agricultural Biotechnology Division (ABD)
* Health Biotechnology Division (HBD): offers services and products in areas of health biotechnology such as Human Molecular Genetics, Monogenic disorders, Karyotyping, Bacteriology, Complex disorders, Identification and synthesis of novel therapeutic agents.
* Industrial Biotechnology Division (IBD)
* Soil and Environmental Biotechnology Division (SEBD)
* Technical Services Division

## Notable alumni and faculty

* Irshad Hussain

## Overview

There are more than 370 books currently present in NIBGE Library. More than 20 theories have been published from NIBGE.