OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Abgar VIII

Abgar VIII of Edessa, also known as Abgar the Great or Abgar bar Ma'nu, was an Arab king of Osroene from 177 CE to 212 CE.
Abgar the Great was most remembered for his alleged conversion to Christianity in about 200 CE and the declaration of Christianity as the official religion of the city at that time. It has been suggested that a cross shown on the tiara of Abgar VIII in coins he minted has a Christian meaning.
Osroene was a client state of the Roman Empire at this time. Prior to Abgar VIII taking the throne, in 165 CE the Roman military had reinstated Ma'nu VIII and they continued to have a significant presence in the region. Nevertheless, Abgar VIII's initial actions suggest that he was not wholly loyal to Rome nor was closely monitored by Rome. While Abgar VIII's coins bear the image of the Roman Emperor Commodus, Abgar's goals were to maintain a degree of independence and to extend his influence geographically as much as possible without disturbing the greater powers of Rome and Parthia.
Abgar VIII supported Pescennius Niger as Roman Emperor in 193 CE. However Pescennius Niger was swiftly challenged and deposed by Emperor Septimius Severus. Abgar VIII's submission to Septimus Severus is portrayed on the Arch of Severus in Rome. He was not deposed, but Osroene was made a Roman province and Abgar's kingdom was reduced to a rump state containing just the city of Edessa. Abgar was fully reconciled with Severus and was later received with honour as a guest of the Emperor in Rome. In an additional display of loyalty, Abgar VIII took on the Roman name Lucius Aelius Aurelius Septimus.
Christianity spread in Edessa significantly during Abgar VIII's reign. The Chronicle of Edessa (540 CE) reports that a Christian church building in Edessa was damaged in a flood in November 201 CE. The Christian philosopher Bardaisan was a member of Abgar VIII's court.
In 1904 Adolf von Harnack proposed that Lucius of Britain, a ruler mentioned in the Liber Pontificalis as contemporaneous with Pope Eleutherius, actually was Abgar of Edessa. Harnack argued that 'Britanio' was written as an erroneous expansion for 'Britio', a citadel of Edessa. Harnack's proposal has been challenged by British archaeologist David J. Knight, who argued that Abgar of Edessa was never called Lucius of Britio/Birtha in contemporary sources.
Upon his death in 212 CE, Abgar the Great was succeeded by his son Abgar IX. However, Abgar IX was summoned with his son to Rome in 213 CE and murdered on the orders of Caracalla. A year later Caracalla ended the independence of Osroene and incorporated it as a province into Roman Empire.
# Diego Nicolaievsky

Diego Oscar Nicolaievsky (born 20 April 1993) is an Argentine professional footballer who plays for Maccabi Herzliya as a winger.

## Career

Nicolaievsky signed for Gimnasia La Plata in 2012, and turned professional in 2014. He made his professional debut later that season. In December 2015, Nicolaievsky conducted negotiations to join Israeli club Hapoel Kiryat Shmona as his Jewish background would have qualified him for Israeli citizenship.
He moved on loan to Club Almagro in January 2016.
On 7 September 2016 signed to Maccabi Herzliya.

## Personal life

Nicolaievsky is Jewish.
# Hollywood – My Way

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| Allmusic | |
Hollywood – My Way is a studio album by Nancy Wilson issued in July 1963 on Capitol Records. The album rose to No. 11 on the Billboard 200 chart.

## Track listing

* "My Shining Hour" (Harold Arlen, Johnny Mercer) – 1:58
* "Days of Wine and Roses" (Henry Mancini, Mercer) – 3:27
* "Moon River" (Mancini, Mercer) – 2:07
* "Secret Love" (Sammy Fain, Paul Francis Webster) – 3:04
* "Dearly Beloved" (Jerome Kern, Mercer) – 2:13
* "I'll Never Stop Loving You" (Nicholas Brodszky, Sammy Cahn) – 2:39
* "When Did You Leave Heaven" (Walter Bullock, Richard A. Whiting) – 2:55
* "Almost in Your Arms (Love Song from Houseboat)" (Ray Evans, Jay Livingston) – 2:31
* "Wild Is the Wind" (Dimitri Tiomkin, Ned Washington) – 2:50
* "The Second Time Around" (Cahn, Jimmy Van Heusen) – 2:53
* "Did I Remember" (Harold Adamson, Walter Donaldson) – 3:44
* "You'd Be So Nice to Come Home To" (Cole Porter) – 2:36

### Bonus tracks on 2006 reissue

* "Alfie" (Burt Bacharach, Hal David) – 3:04
* "The Look of Love" (Bacharach, David) – 2:26
* "More" (Riz Ortolani, Nino Oliviero, Marcello Ciorciolini, Norman Newell) – 3:14
* "The Shadow of Your Smile (Love Theme from The Sandpiper)" (Johnny Mandel, Webster) – 2:01
* "Watch What Happens" (Jacques Demy, Norman Gimbel, Michel Legrand) – 3:04

## Personnel

* Nancy Wilson – vocals
* Jimmy Jones – piano, arrangements, conductor
* Clark Terry – trumpet
# Askol-e Sofla

Askol-e Sofla (Persian: اسکل سفلی, Sorani Kurdish: ئەسکۆڵی خواروو, also Romanized as Askol-e Soflá and Askol-e Khwaru; also known as Askol-e Pā’īn) is a village in Zarivar Rural District, in the Central District of Marivan County, Kurdistan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 616, in 134 families. The village is populated by Kurds.
# Asha Blake

Asha Blake is a five-time Emmy Award-winning television news journalist. Her US-based career has spanned anchoring ABC and NBC network newscasts, daytime- and entertainment-based talk shows, and local news anchoring at flagship news stations KNBC and KTLA. In 1999, Blake co-hosted NBC's Later Today, a spinoff of the Today Show, with Jodi Applegate and Florence Henderson.

## Early life and education

Born in Guyana, South America, Blake grew up in Toronto and in Minnesota. She earned a bachelor's degree in journalism from the University of Minnesota's journalism school.

## Professional career

Blake began her career at KJCT-TV in Grand Junction, Colorado.
After "Later Today" went off the air in 2000, Blake hosted two syndicated programs, "Smart Gardening" on PBS and the nationally syndicated "Life Moments".
In 2005, Blake joined KWGN-TV.
# Ibrahim Sabry

Ibrahim Sabry is an Egyptian archer who participated at the 2010 Summer Youth Olympics in Singapore. He won the gold medal in the boys' event, defeating Rick van den Oever of the Netherlands in the final.
# Books in the United Kingdom

Books in the United Kingdom have been studied from a variety of cultural, economic, political, and social angles since the formation of the Bibliographical Society in 1892 and since the History of books became an acknowledged academic discipline in the 1980s. Books are understood as "written or printed work consisting of pages glued or sewn together along one side and bound in covers".

## History

Scribes produced handwritten manuscript books for many hundreds of years before the printing press was introduced in the British Isles. In 1477 William Caxton in Westminster printed The Dictes or Sayengis of the Philosophres, considered "the first dated book printed in England."

## Publishers

As of 2018, seven firms in the United Kingdom rank among the world's biggest publishers of books in terms of revenue: Bloomsbury, Cambridge University Press, Informa, Oxford University Press, Pearson, Quarto, and RELX Group.

## Bookselling

The Antiquarian Booksellers Association formed in 1906, and the Provincial Booksellers Fairs Association in 1972.

## Collections

The University of Oxford's Bodleian Library was founded in 1602.
The British Library was formally established in 1973, its collection previously part of the British Museum (est. 1753).
The Legal Deposit Libraries Act 2003 stipulates that the British Library receives a copy of every printed work published in the United Kingdom. Five other libraries are entitled to copies: Cambridge University Library, University of Oxford's Bodleian Library, the National Library of Scotland, the Library of Trinity College, Dublin, and the National Library of Wales. The London-based Copyright Agency became the Edinburgh-based Agency for the Legal Deposit Libraries in 2009.

## Clubs

* "Richard & Judy Book Club", broadcast on Channel 4 TV
* "Bookclub", on BBC Radio 4

## Digitization

US-based Google Inc. began scanning pages of Bodleian Library volumes in 2005, as part of its new Google Books Library Project.
# Bharam

Bharam (Urdu: بھرم) is a 2019 Pakistani television series, produced by Momina Duraid under their banner MD Productions. The drama airs on Hum TV every Monday and Tuesday 9:10pm PST. It stars Noor Zafar Khan and Wahaj Ali in lead roles.

## Cast

* Noor Zafar Khan as Noor Maarif Ali (née Noor Mushtaq)
* Wahaj Ali as RJ Maarif Ali
* Mariam Ansari as Warda Hammad Burhan (née Warda Waheed)
* Salma Hassan as Ishrat Mushtaq
* Laila Wasti as Farah Burhan
* Arslan Asad Butt as Hammad Burhan
* Namrah Shahid as Leena Afaaq
* Shamyl Khan as Burhan
* Kinza Malik as Saima Afaaq
* Tipu Sharif as Uzaib Afaaq
* Mohsin Gillani as Afaaq
# Free school

Free school may refer to:

## Education

* A school that provides free education, not charging for attendance
* Free school (England), a type of publicly financed but independently run school in England since 2011
* Free school movement, an American education reform movement during the 1960s and 1970s that sought to change the aims of formal schooling through alternative, independent community schools
* Free skool or anarchistic free school, an autonomous, nonhierarchical space intended for educational exchange and skillsharing, especially among anarchists
* A term for independent schools in certain countries, such as Swedish free schools (Swedish: friskolor)
* Democratic school, a school where classes are voluntary
# Francisco Nouet

Francisco Nouet (born 25 May 1998) is an Argentine professional footballer who plays as a left winger for Brown de Adrogué.

## Career

Nouet began with Paraná de San Pedro, before joining Villa Dálmine. The 2017–18 campaign in Primera B Nacional saw Nouet make his bow in senior football, making it during a 1–1 draw away to Instituto on 2 February 2018; he had previously been an unused substitute for games with Sarmiento and Estudiantes in 2017. He featured in a total of five fixtures in 2017–18 as they placed eighth; losing in the play-offs to San Martín. In July 2019, Nouet was loaned to Primera B Metropolitana team Flandria; reuniting with his brother. He scored on his second appearance, netting in a 3–1 victory away to Fénix; his sibling also scored.

## Personal life

Nouet's brother, Matías, is a fellow professional footballer; both of them began their senior careers with Villa Dálmine.

## Career statistics

    As of 27 August 2020.
Appearances and goals by club, season and competition :
| Club | Season | League | League | League | Cup | Cup | League Cup | League Cup | Continental | Continental | Other | Other | Total | Total |
| Club | Season | Division | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals |
| Villa Dálmine | 2017–18 | Primera B Nacional | 5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | — | — | — | — | 0 | 0 | 5 | 0 |
| Villa Dálmine | 2018–19 | Primera B Nacional | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | — | — | — | — | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 |
| Villa Dálmine | 2019–20 | Primera B Nacional | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | — | — | — | — | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Villa Dálmine | Total | Total | 6 | 0 | 1 | 0 | — | — | — | — | 0 | 0 | 7 | 0 |
| Flandria (loan) | 2019–20 | Primera B Metropolitana | 16 | 1 | 0 | 0 | — | — | — | — | 0 | 0 | 16 | 1 |
| Career total | Career total | Career total | 22 | 1 | 1 | 0 | — | — | — | — | 0 | 0 | 23 | 1 |
# Josephine de la Viña

Josephine de la Viña (April 15, 1946 – November 4, 2011) was a discus thrower from the Philippines who is considered as her country's greatest athlete in the event. She won gold medals in her pet event at the 1966 Asian Games and 1973 Asian Athletics Championships. She also competed at the 1964, 1968 and 1972 Olympics.

## Personal life

Born in Iloilo to a Mexican-American father and a Cebuana mother, de la Viña spent her elementary and high school years in Cebu where she excelled in softball and athletics. She later earned a scholarship at Cebu Institute of Technology.
De la Viña was nicknamed "Big Jo" for her hefty six-foot frame and her trademark afro hairstyle, which made her an imposing presence on the field.

## Career

Dela Viña eventually gave up softball and concentrated on throwing events in athletics like discus, javelin and shot put after being persuaded by school officials to develop her potential.
She was just 18 years old when she won a bronze medal in discus throw at the 1962 Asian Games, placing behind Japanese Keiko Murase and Seiko Obonai. Two years later, Dela Viña competed at the 1964 Summer Olympics where she placed 18th among 21 starters.
At the 1966 Asian Games, Dela Viña threw the discus at a distance of 47.58m to set a new Games record en route to winning the gold medal. She also competed in shot put where she placed fourth overall. At the 1968 Summer Olympics, the hefty Cebuana registered 46.56m to place 15th out of 16 entries. She was the only Asian competitor in the field.
Dela Viña was back at the 1970 Asian Games but failed to land a medal. Two years later, she made her third Olympic appearance at the 1972 Summer Olympics where she barely missed making the final round. The Filipina had a best effort of 53.92m to place 13th overall.
In the inaugural Asian Athletics Championships held in Marikina in 1973, Dela Viña threw the discus at a record distance 50.74m to comfortably win the gold medal. By doing so, she became the first Filipino athlete to win a gold medal in both the Asian Games and Asian Athletics Championships - a feat matched only by sprinter Lydia De Vega.
She withdrew from the 1974 Asian Games to visit her father, who suddenly fell ill in the United States.

## Death

Dela Viña died on November 4, 2011, in Iloilo at the age of 65. The cause of her death was not known.

## Legacy

Dela Viña's personal best throw of 54.71m, which she set during the 1971 USA Outdoor Track and Field Championships in Bakersfield, remains a national record to this day. She also holds the second-best mark of 53.92m, which she achieved during the qualification round of the 1972 Summer Olympics. She is the only Filipina discus thrower in history to breach the 50m mark and her record is expected to last for many more decades. Dela Viña also held the national shot put record from 1970 to 1975.
In 2018, Dela Viña was posthumously inducted into the Philippine Sports Hall of Fame.
# Suranash

Suranash (Russian: Суранаш; Altay: Суранаш, Suranaş) is a rural locality (a selo) in Turochaksky District, the Altai Republic, Russia. The population was 31 as of 2016. There is 1 street.

## Geography

Suranash is located 103 km east of Turochak (the district's administrative centre) by road.
# Verkhni Synivtsi

Verkhni Synivtsi (Ukrainian: Верхні Синівці; Romanian: Sinăuții de Sus) is a village in Chernivtsi Raion, Chernivtsi Oblast, Ukraine. It is composed of two villages, Verkhni Synivtsi and Nyzhni Synivtsi (Нижні Синівці; Sinăuții de Jos). It belongs to Terebleche rural hromada, one of the hromadas of Ukraine.
Until 18 July 2020, Verkhni Synivtsi belonged to Hlyboka Raion. The raion was abolished in July 2020 as part of the administrative reform of Ukraine, which reduced the number of raions of Chernivtsi Oblast to three. The area of Hlyboka Raion was merged into Chernivtsi Raion. In 2001, 94.36% of the inhabitants spoke Romanian as their native language, while 5.64% spoke Ukrainian.

## Notable people

* Vasile Tărâțeanu (1945–2022), Ukrainian Romanian writer and activist
# Una Biological Reserve

Una Biological Reserve (Portuguese: Reserva Biológica de Una) is a Biological reserve in Brazil.

## Location

The Una Biological Reserve, which is in the Atlantic Forest biome and covers 18,715 hectares (46,250 acres), was created on 10 December 1980. It became part of the Central Atlantic Forest Ecological Corridor, created in 2002. It is in the Una municipality of Bahia. The climate is hot and humid, with annual rainfall over 1,800 millimetres (71 in). The temperature varies from 19 to 28 °C (66 to 82 °F), with an average of 24 °C (75 °F).
Elevation ranges from 0 to 400 metres (0 to 1,312 ft) above sea level. The terrain has isolated plateaus, mostly around 200 to 300 metres (660 to 980 ft) in height, within a flat coastal plain. Removal of the original forest cover has caused accelerated erosion of the plateaus. The reserve is in the basin of the Una River, which is fed by the Aliança and São Pedro rivers. The Serra River runs through the reserve from the west to the south east. The Maruim River forms the natural border of the north west of the reserve.
The flora is a diverse example of Atlantic Forest biome. Fauna include three species of seriously threatened endemic primates: the golden lion tamarin, black-tufted marmoset and golden-bellied capuchin. The environment has been damaged by deforestation, removal of riparian vegetation and cattle damage to the river banks causing more extreme flooding and greater levels of sediment in the water. This has had negative effects to the fauna.

## Conservation

The Biological Reserve is a "strict nature reserve" under IUCN protected area category Ia. The purpose is to fully preserve the biota and their natural attributes without direct human interference.
Protected birds in the reserve include the Atlantic black-breasted woodpecker (Celeus tinnunculus), black-headed berryeater (Carpornis melanocephala), red-billed curassow (Crax blumenbachii), banded cotinga (Cotinga maculata), Stresemann's bristlefront (Merulaxis stresemanni), band-tailed antwren (Myrmotherula urosticta), ochre-marked parakeet (Pyrrhura cruentata) and striated softtail (Thripophaga macroura).
Other protected species in the reserve include golden-headed lion tamarin (Leontopithecus chrysomelas), maned sloth (Bradypus torquatus), giant anteater (Myrmecophaga tridactyla), cougar (Puma concolor), Recife broad-nosed bat, Platyrrhinus recifinus, Hercules beetle (Dynastes hercules), the butterfly Napeogenes rhezia and the Characiformes fish Nematocharax venustus.
# Petrographic province

A petrographic province is a geological region within which the igneous rocks reveal a relationship (so-called consanguinity) in chemical composition, which may be referred to a community of origin. This relationship may be chemically a close one, but the rocks have widely varying mineralogical composition, or the kinship may be restricted to one or more of the chemical components in the rocks.

## Etymology

Petrography derives from petra (Greek: πέτρα), meaning 'rock', and graphein (Greek: γράφειν), 'to write'.
# Estrangement (album)

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| Ultimate Guitar | 8.7/10 |
| Metal Storm | 8.0/10 |
Estrangement (Ukrainian: Відчуженість, romanized: Vidchuzhenist) is the sixth album by Ukrainian black metal band Drudkh, released in August 2007 (see 2007 in music). The album was previously known under the title River of Tears, but then had a name change. Its songs have a minimalistic influence and also features the band's first prominent use of blast beats since The Swan Road. All the lyrics of the album are based on the 1931–1932 works of the Ukrainian poet Oleh Olzhych. A spoken introduction in the first track is taken from the 1995 Ukrainian feature film Atentat about the life and assassination of Stepan Bandera, and says in Ukrainian, "We shall always be there" (taken from a scene in the film when former soldiers of the Ukrainian Insurgent Army, having escaped from the Soviet prosecution after the end of World War II, arrive in the USA as immigrants; meaning in the context that the hearts of the Ukrainian patriots shall remain forever in occupied Ukraine).
In 2010, it was re-released as digipak with new artwork and re-mastered sound by Season of Mist.

## Personnel

* Thurios – vocals, guitars, keyboards
* Roman (Roman Saenko) – guitars
* Krechet – bass
* Vlad – drums, keyboards
# Pishin Valley

The Pishin Valley (Urdu: وادی پشین) is located in Pishin District, Balochistan, Pakistan. It is located 50km away from the provincial capital - Quetta, and is filled with numerous orchards.
# Ebrahim Ali

Ebrahim Ali (Persian: ابراهيم عالي, also Romanized as Ebrāhīm ‘Alī) is a village in Mosaferabad Rural District, Rudkhaneh District, Rudan County, Hormozgan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 134, in 24 families.
# Joaquín Ochoa

Joaquín Ochoa Giménez (born 1 September 1996) is an Argentine professional footballer who plays as a midfielder for Uruguayan club Racing Club de Montevideo, on loan from Atlanta.

## Career

Ochoa Giménez's career began with Atlanta. He made his debut in professional football under manager Fernando Ruiz on 11 March 2017, coming off the bench in place of Nahuel Peralta during a draw at home to Colegiales. Seven more appearances followed in Primera B Metropolitana in 2016–17. Ochoa Giménez scored his first goal during a win away to Deportivo Español in September 2017, with a goal versus Barracas Central following in March 2018; an opponent he netted against again a year later.

## Career statistics

    As of 29 April 2019.
Appearances and goals by club, season and competition :
| Club | Season | League | League | League | Cup | Cup | League Cup | League Cup | Continental | Continental | Other | Other | Total | Total |
| Club | Season | Division | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals |
| Atlanta | 2016–17 | Primera B Metropolitana | 8 | 0 | 0 | 0 | — | — | — | — | 0 | 0 | 8 | 0 |
| Atlanta | 2017–18 | Primera B Metropolitana | 28 | 2 | 2 | 0 | — | — | — | — | 0 | 0 | 30 | 2 |
| Atlanta | 2018–19 | Primera B Metropolitana | 9 | 2 | 0 | 0 | — | — | — | — | 0 | 0 | 9 | 2 |
| Career total | Career total | Career total | 45 | 4 | 2 | 0 | — | — | — | — | 0 | 0 | 47 | 4 |
# St. Mary Magdalene's flood

St. Mary Magdalene's flood (German: Magdalenenhochwasser) was the largest recorded flood in central Europe with water levels exceeding those of the 2002 European floods. It occurred on and around the feast day of St. Mary Magdalene, 22 July in 1342.
Following the passage of a Genoa low, the rivers Rhine, Moselle, Main, Danube, Weser, Werra, Unstrut, Elbe, Vltava and their tributaries inundated large areas. Many towns such as Cologne, Mainz, Frankfurt am Main, Würzburg, Regensburg, Passau and Vienna were seriously damaged. Even the river Eider north of Hamburg flooded the surrounding land. The affected area extended to Carinthia and northern Italy.
It appears that after a prolonged hot and dry period, continuous rainfalls occurred, lasting several consecutive days and amounting to more than half of the mean yearly precipitation. Since the dry soil was unable to absorb such amounts of water, the surface runoff washed away large areas of fertile soil and caused huge inundations destroying houses, mills and bridges. In Würzburg, the then-famous Steinerne Brücke (Stone Bridge) was washed away, and in Cologne it is said that a rowing boat could pass over the city's fortifications. A precise number of casualties remains unknown, but it is believed that in the Danube area alone, 6,000 people perished. The results of the erosion can still be noticed today. The volume of the eroded soil during this short incident (a few days) is determined to be more than 13 billion metric tons, a volume that is washed away under normal climate conditions over a period of 2,000 years.
It is assumed that the loss of fertile soil led to a serious drop in agricultural production. In addition, the following summers were wet and cold, so that the population suffered from widespread famine. Whether the spreading of the Black Death between 1348 and 1350, killing at least a third of the population in central Europe, was facilitated by the weakened condition of the population is a matter of discussion.