OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Tifereth Israel

Tifereth Israel (Hebrew: תפארת ישראל "Glory/Splendor/Beauty of Israel") may refer to:

## Synagogues
### Canada

* Tiferet Israel Congregation (Toronto), a Moroccan Orthodox synagogue in North York, Toronto, Ontario

### Israel

* Tiferet Yisrael Synagogue, one of the most outstanding synagogues in the Old City of Jerusalem in the 19th and 20th centuries, destroyed during the 1948 Arab-Israeli War and left in ruins. As of 2019, it is being rebuilt.

### United States
#### California

* Sephardic Temple Tifereth Israel, a Sephardic synagogue in Los Angeles, California

#### Maryland

* Congregation Tiferes Yisroel, an Orthodox synagogue in Baltimore, Maryland

#### New York

* Congregation Tifereth Israel (Brooklyn, New York) (the "Park Slope Jewish Center"), a Conservative synagogue in Park Slope, Brooklyn
* Congregation Tifereth Israel (Queens, New York) (the "Home Street Synagogue"), a synagogue in Corona; the oldest synagogue in Queens
* Congregation Tifereth Israel (Greenport, New York), a Liberal-Conservative synagogue in Greenport, Suffolk County
* Congregation Tifereth Yehuda Veyisroel, a historic synagogue in Kerhonkson, New York
* Congregation Kneses Tifereth Israel, a Conservative synagogue in Port Chester, New York

#### Ohio

* The Temple Tifereth Israel (Cleveland, Ohio), a Reform congregation with a historic building in Cleveland and a second facility in suburban Beachwood, Ohio

### Venezuela

* Tiféret Israel Synagogue, a synagogue in Caracas, Venezuela

## Written works

* Tiferet Yisrael, a commentary on the Mishnah written by Israel Lipschitz
# Aliabad, Kalatrazan

Aliabad (Persian: علي آباد, also Romanized as ‘Alīābād) is a village in Kalatrazan Rural District, Kalatrazan District, Sanandaj County, Kurdistan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 697, in 146 families. The village is populated by Kurds.
# Liuvigoto

Liuvigoto or Liubigotona (c. 650 – fl. 693) was a Visigoth queen consort by marriage to king Erwig (680–687).
She was a cousin of King Wamba. In 683, her spouse attempted to secure a reform in which the remarriage of a widow after the death of a king was banned as adultery, in order to prevent the custom of usurpers marrying the widows of their predecessors to legitimize their rule. Additionally, this reform was set to prevent successors doing harm to the wives and family of previous rulers - specifically, it named Liuvigoto as not to be harmed.
She was the mother of Cixilo, who married Egica; Egica then became Erwig's successor. Egica, who succeeded to the throne after Erwigs' death in 687, shortly thereafter sought to repudiate Cixilo, who he had married in order to promote his succession, and send her to a convent.
For this purpose, in 688, during the Fifteenth Council, of Toledo, bishops, encouraged by Eciga, went against the previous protections for a deceased ruler's family, permitting Eciga to send Liuvigoto, Cixilo, and others to a convent.
In 691, Liuvigoto was asked to participate in the rebellion of Sisebert against the king. In the Sixteenth Council of Toledo of 693, the conspirators were named as Liuvigoto, Frogellius, Theodemir, Luvilana and Thecla. After the revolt failed, she appears to have been forced back to a convent.
# Yevhen Halchuk

Yevhen Volodymyrovych Halchuk (Ukrainian: Євген Володимирович Гальчук born 5 March 1992) is a Ukrainian professional football goalkeeper who plays for Icelandic club UMF Afturelding.

## Career

Halchuk is the member of different Ukrainian national youth football teams. Last time he was called up as member of the Ukraine national under-21 football team by coach Serhiy Kovalets in summer of 2013.
# Guleh, Mahabad

Guleh (Persian: گوله, also Romanized as Gūleh) is a village in Mokriyan-e Gharbi Rural District, in the Central District of Mahabad County, West Azerbaijan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 38, in 6 families.
# Constitution of Northern Cyprus

The Constitution of the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus (Turkish: Kuzey Kıbrıs Türk Cumhuriyeti Anayasası) was prepared by the Constituent Assembly of Northern Cyprus after the declaration of independence on 15 November 1983, and was approved by the Turkish Cypriot electorate in a referendum on 5 May 1985 with a majority of 70.2% in favour. The constitution is similar to the 1975 Constitution of the Turkish Federated State of Cyprus, but had a number of new provisions regulating the needs of the new Republic. It has 164 articles and 13 transitional articles.
The constitution envisages a parliamentary democracy. Sovereignty is vested in the people comprising the citizens of Northern Cyprus and is exercised by authorized organs in the name of the people. No organ or authority can exercise any State authority which does not emanate from the constitution. Article 7 provides for the supremacy of the constitution.

## Rights and liberties

The constitution contains elaborate provisions guaranteeing basic rights and liberties. Examples of these rights are: the right to equality, the right to life and corporal integrity, the right to liberty and security of a person, the right of access to the court and the right to a fair and public hearing within a reasonable time by independent and impartial courts, and rights of convicted persons. Other articles contain a number of economic and social rights. Torture is prohibited. The right to privacy of life, inviolability of the dwelling house, confidentiality of correspondence, the right to free movement and residence, freedom of science and art, freedom of the press, and freedom of assembly and association are also secured by provisions which reflect the democratic characteristics of the State.

## Comparing the two constitutions

In comparison with the 1975 Constitution, the 1985 Constitution contains more detailed provisions to protect fundamental human rights and freedoms. For instance, capital punishment for premeditated murder, provided for under the Criminal Code, is abolished by transitional Article 13. Article 15 declared that capital punishment can be imposed only by law in cases of treason during wartime, acts of terrorism and piracy jure gentium, and for repeated murders. Even in these instances no execution of capital punishment can be carried out unless the Legislative Assembly decides so under the provisions of Article 78.

## Economic and social rights

New economic and social rights have also been formulated, such as the right to protection from hunger, protection of the unemployed and needy, protection of the consumer, and the development of sports. There are elaborate provisions as to citizenship which also preserve acquired rights.
Restrictions and limitations which may be imposed by law on the exercise of these rights and liberties are set out specifically in each article. Such restrictions can, generally speaking, be imposed by law for purposes of national security, protection of the rights of others, and for the maintenance of democratic institutions.
# Nicholas Myrepsos

Nicholas Myrepsos (or Nicolaus Myrepsus; Greek: Νικόλαος Μυρεψός; flourished c. 1240–80) was a Byzantine physician known chiefly for his compendium on medical science which is still extant.

## Life

Little is known about the life of Nicholas. He is probably the same physician who is mentioned by George Acropolites as being eminent in his profession, but very ignorant of natural philosophy. He was at the court of John III Doukas Vatatzes at Nicaea, when a solar eclipse took place on October 6, 1241, that shortly preceded the death of the empress Irene. Here he was held in great esteem by the emperor, and attained the dignity of actuarius. All this agrees very well with the scattered notices of his date and his personal history that we find in his own work. He mentions Mesue the Younger, who died 1015; "Michael Angelus regalis," who is probably Michael VIII Palaiologos who began to reign 1259; "Papa Nicolaus," who seems to be Pope Nicholas III, who began to reign 1277; and "Dominus Joannes," and "Magister Johannes," who is probably Joannes Actuarius, who lived in the 13th century. He mentions his having visited or lived at Nicaea, and also Alexandria, whence he is sometimes called Nicolaus Alexandrinus.

## Work

Nicholas compiled and revised Ancient Greek scripts including, but not limited to Galen, as well as writing his own compendium on medical science, named Dynameron (Δυνάμερον). It consists of 48 sections, containing more than 2500 medical formulae, arranged according to their form and object. It is chiefly compiled from former writers, and contains many superstitious remedies. It remained the principal pharmaceutical code of the Parisian medical faculty until 1651. He is well known for the preparation, Aurea Alexandrina.
# Red Lion Square

Red Lion Square is a small square in Holborn, London. The square was laid out in 1684 by Nicholas Barbon, taking its name from the Red Lion Inn. According to some sources, the bodies of three regicides—Oliver Cromwell, John Bradshaw and Henry Ireton—were placed in a pit on the site of the square.
By 1720, it was a fashionable part of London: the eminent judge Sir Bernard Hale was a resident of Red Lion Square. The square was "beautified" pursuant to a 1737 Act of Parliament. In the 1860s, on the other hand, it had clearly become decidedly unfashionable: the writer Anthony Trollope in his novel Orley Farm (1862) humorously reassures his readers that one of his characters is perfectly respectable, despite living in Red Lion Square. The Metropolitan Public Gardens Association's landscape gardener Fanny Wilkinson laid it out as a public garden in 1885, and, in 1894, the trustees of the square passed the freehold to the MPGA, which, in turn, passed it to the London County Council free of cost.

## Past residents

A notable resident of the square was John Harrison, the world-renowned inventor of the marine chronometer, who lived at number 12, where he died in 1776. There is a blue plaque dedicated to him on the corner of Summit House.
At No. 3, in 1826 Charles Lamb was painted by Henry Mayer. At No 17, Dante Gabriel Rossetti lived in 1851. Also at No 17, William Morris, Edward Burne-Jones and Richard Watson Dixon lived from 1856 to 1859. No. 8 was a decorators shop run by Morris, Burne Jones and others from 1860 to 1865. No. 31 was the home of F. D. Maurice.
At 35 St. George's Mansions in the square, suffragette sisters Irene and Hilda Dallas had lived and had evaded the 1911 census in protest that women did not have a right to vote.

## Modern state

The centre-piece of the garden today is a statue by Ian Walters of Fenner Brockway, which was installed in 1986. There is also a memorial bust of Bertrand Russell. Conway Hall opens on to the square.
The square today is home to the Royal College of Anaesthetists. Lamb's Conduit Street is nearby and the nearest underground station is Holborn.
The Faculty of Medical Leadership and Management moved to Red Lion Square in 2019.
The first headquarters of Marshall, Faulkner & Co, which was founded by William Morris, was at 8 Red Lion Square.
At No 4 Parton Street, a cul-de-sac off the square subsequently obliterated by St Martin's College of Art in Southampton Row (later Central Saint Martins), a group of young writers, including Dylan Thomas, George Barker, David Gascoyne and John Pudney, gathered about the bookshop run by David Archer.

## Protest

On 15 June 1974 a meeting by the National Front in Conway Hall resulted in a protest by anti-fascist groups. The following disorder and police action left one student—Kevin Gately from the University of Warwick—dead.
# Tétradius of Lyon

Tétrade of Lyon (Latin: Tetradius or Tetrardus) is the 11th bishop of Lyon. He replaced Maxime in the first half of the 4th century.
Like his predecessor Maximus, he is known from the various lists of the first archbishops of Lyon and chronicles the history of the Church of Lyon. He is sometimes confused with Tetrad, bishop of Bourges who lived two centuries later.
# Minas, Iran

Minas (Persian: ميناس, also Romanized as Mīnās; in Armenian: Մինաս) is a village in Kenarporuzh Rural District, in the Central District of Salmas County, West Azerbaijan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 565, in 137 families.
# Bulgarian Progressive Line

The Bulgarian Progressive Line (Bulgarian: Българска прогресивна линия, romanized: Bŭlgarska progresivna liniya, BPL) is a democratic socialist and left-wing political party in Bulgaria. It has been the successor of the Bulgarian Liberal Party.

## History

The party was created in the winter of 2020–2021 by several progressive deputies of the National Assembly of Bulgaria who split from the Bulgarian Socialist Party. The BPL participated in the April 2021 Bulgarian parliamentary election but did not meet the electoral threshold. The party had 3,751 votes (0.15%).
In July 2021, the party entered the Left Union for a Clean and Holy Republic coalition with the Party of the Bulgarian Communists, the Left Alternative, the Socialist Party "Bulgarian Way", and the party Revival of the Fatherland.
Prior to the 2023 Bulgarian parliamentary election, the party was registered as part of the Levitsata! coalition.
In the June 2024 Bulgarian parliamentary election, the parties nominal leader, Krasimir Yankov, ran as part of Bulgarian Rise.

## Election results
### National Assembly

| Election | Votes | % | Seats | +/– | Government |
| Apr 2021 | 3,751 | 0.12 (#20) | 0 / 240 | New | Extra-parliamentary |
| Jul 2021 | 10,309 | 0.37 (#11) | 0 / 240 | 0 | Extra-parliamentary |
| Nov 2021 | 1,498 | 0.06 (#24) | 0 / 240 | 0 | Extra-parliamentary |
| 2022 | Did not contest | Did not contest | 0 / 240 | 0 | Extra-parliamentary |
| 2023 | 56,481 | 2.14 (#8) | 0 / 240 | 0 | Extra-parliamentary |
| June 2024 | Did not contest | Did not contest | 0 / 240 | 0 | Extra-parliamentary |
* ↑ Run as part of the Left Union coalition.
* ↑ Run as part of The Left coalition.
# Ihor Levchenko

Ihor Levchenko (Ukrainian: Ігор Олександрович Левченко; born 23 February 1991) is a Ukrainian professional footballer who plays as a goalkeeper for Khust.

## Career

Levchenko left IFK Mariehamn at the end of 2018. Levchenko signed for AFC Eskilstuna in March, 2019. Released from his contract in December 2019, Levchenko signed for Dinamo Batumi in January 2020.

## Honours

2009 UEFA European Under-19 Football Championship: Champion
# Pozo de Jacinto

Pozo de Jacinto (Jacinto's Pit Cave) is a blowhole located at Barrio Bajuras in the northwestern side Puerto Rican municipality of Isabela on Puerto Rico Highway 466.

## Description

Pozo de Jacinto is at Barrio Bajura which is near Crash Boat Beach in Aguadilla, which borders Isabela. It's a blowhole, or limestone rock with an orifice through which ocean waves shoot up.

## Folklore

A jíbaro named Jacinto often went near the cave to eat his lunch, keeping the cow's leash tied around his waist. One day, loud thunder scared the cow and he ran, fell down the pit pulling Jacinto with him and both drowned. If Jacinto's name is called and mention of the cow is made, the ocean becomes furious and churns wildly in response.
# Ministry of Development, Competitiveness, Infrastructure, Transport and Networks (Greece)

The Ministry of Development, Competitiveness, Infrastructure, Transport and Communications (Greek: Υπουργείο Ανάπτυξης, Ανταγωνιστικότητας, Υποδομών, Μεταφορών και Δικτύων) was a Greek Government Ministry. It was established on June 21, 2012, following a proposal by Prime Minister Antonis Samaras.
It ranked sixth in among the cabinet ministries, according to Prime Ministerial decision Y4/21.6.2012.
The first Minister was Kostis Hatzidakis, with Stavros Kalogiannis as Alternate Minister.

## Formation

The ministry was set up from departments of the former ministries of Infrastructure, Transport and Communications and Development, Competitiveness and Shipping—except those transferred to the Ministry of Shipping and Aegean—and the General Secretariat for Research and Technology, which was transferred from the former Ministry of Education, Lifelong Learning and Religious Affairs.
# Roman Catholic Diocese of Nouna

The Roman Catholic Diocese of Nouna (Latin: Dioecesis Nunensis) is a diocese located in the city of Nouna in the ecclesiastical province of Bobo-Dioulasso in Burkina Faso.

## History

* 12 June 1947: Established as Apostolic Prefecture of Nouna from the Apostolic Prefecture of Gao in Mali
* 18 October 1951: Promoted as Apostolic Vicariate of Nouna
* 14 September 1955: Promoted as Diocese of Nouna
* 3 December 1975: Renamed as Diocese of Nouna–Dédougou
* 14 April 2000: Renamed as Diocese of Nouna

## Persecution

Like many other parts of Burkina Faso, the Diocese of Nouna has been subjected to incidents of persecution of Christians by Muslim extremists. One such case occurred in July 2022, when jihadists attacked the village of Bourasso killing at least 22 people, according to official figures, though some witnesses spoke of up to 30 deaths.

## Special churches

The cathedral is the Cathédrale Notre Dame du Perpétuel Sécours in Nouna.

## Bishops
### Ordinaries, in reverse chronological order

* Bishop of Nouna (Roman rite), below
** Bishop Joseph Sama (since 14 April 2000)
* Bishops of Nouna–Dédougou (Roman rite), below
** Bishop Zéphyrin Toé (5 July 1973 – 14 April 2000), appointed Bishop of Dédougou
* Bishop of Nouna (Roman rite), below
** Bishop Jean-Marie Lesourd, M. Afr. (14 September 1955 – 5 July 1973); see below
* Vicar Apostolic of Nouna (Roman rite), below
** Bishop Jean-Marie Lesourd, M. Afr. (18 October 1951 – 14 September 1955); see above & below
* Prefect Apostolic of Nouna (Roman rite), below
** Father Jean-Marie Lesourd, M. Afr. (17 October 1947 – 18 October 1951); see above

### Other priests of this diocese who became bishops

* Judes Bicaba (priest here, 1975-2000), appointed Bishop of Dédougou in 2005
* Prosper Bonaventure Ky, appointed Bishop of Dédougou in 2018
# Benjamin Wolf Löw

Benjamin Wolf Löw (1775 – 6 March 1851) was a Polish–Hungarian rabbi. He was also known as Binyamin ben Elʻazar, Benjamin Adolf Löw, and Hebrew: Binyamin Ṿolf Leṿ, a.b.d. ḳ.ḳ. Ḳollin u-Ṿerboi.
Löw was born in Loslau (Wodzisław), Prussian Silesia. His father, Eleazar Löw, instructed him in Talmudic literature, and at an early age he became rabbi of a Polish congregation. One of his students was Abraham Judah ha-Kohen Schwartz. In 1812, following his father to Austria, he became rabbi of Kolín, Bohemia. In 1826 he was called as rabbi to Nagytapolcsány (Topoľčany), Royal Hungary, and in 1836 to Verbo (Vrbové), where he spent the remainder of his life.
Löw's only work was Sha'are Torah, a treatise on the principles of Talmudic law which shows the author's methodical mind and vast knowledge of Talmudic literature. Three parts of the work appeared in print (Vienna, 1821 and 1850; Sátoraljaújhely, 1872), while the 4th part was still in manuscript as of 1906.
Löw was twice married; his first wife, from whom he obtained a divorce, was the daughter of Ephraim Zalman Margolioth of Brody; the second was the daughter of Isaac Landau, rabbi of Auschwitz (Oświęcim). Löw's son Jeremiah, rabbi in Sátoraljaújhely, was the recognized leader of the Orthodox party in Hungary and its spokesman in an audience which its deputation obtained with the Emperor in order to protest against the establishment of a rabbinical seminary. He was nevertheless opposed to the secession of the Orthodox from the whole body of Judaism and therefore refused to take part in a congress planned by the Orthodox. Upon his death in 1872 he was succeeded by his son Eleazar, who was later called to the rabbinate of Unghvar (Uzhhorod). Other grandsons of Wolf Löw were Abraham and Benjamin Singer, joint authors of Ha-Madrik, a pedagogic anthology of the Talmud. Moses Löb Bloch was Wolf Löw's nephew and pupil.
# Mayor Synagogue (Bursa)

The Mayor Synagogue (Turkish: Sinagoga Mayor), or Synagogue Mejor, is a former Jewish congregation and synagogue located on Arap Şükrü (Sakarya) Street in Bursa, Turkey. No longer used as a synagogue, the building is used as a mikveh.

## History

The congregation was founded by Jews who settled in the Ottoman Empire after being expelled from Majorca. The present building was built in the 15th century or the late 16th century.
The synagogue was in regular use until 1975, when it was closed due to financial constraints. Researchers who visited in 1996 found it abandoned and in danger of demolition. However, according to the Turkish government, the building is still used for special events and for washing the dead.
The Geruş Synagogue, an active synagogue, is also located in Bursa.
# İske Çürile

İske Çürile (Tatar: Иске Чүриле, romanized: İske Çürile) is a rural locality (a selo) in Arça District, Tatarstan. The population was 709 as of 2010. İske Çürile is located 12 km from Аrça, district's administrative centre, and 53 km from Ԛazаn, republic's capital, by road. The village already existed during the period of the Qazan Khanate. There are 4 streets in the village.
# Dulcian

The dulcian is a Renaissance woodwind instrument, with a double reed and a folded conical bore. Equivalent terms include English: curtal, German: Dulzian, French: douçaine, Dutch: dulciaan, Italian: dulciana, Spanish: bajón, and Portuguese: baixão.
The predecessor of the modern bassoon, it flourished between 1550 and 1700, but was probably invented earlier. Towards the end of this period it co-existed with, and was then superseded by, the baroque bassoon. It was played in both secular and sacred contexts, throughout northern and western Europe, as well as in the New World.

## Construction

The dulcian is generally made from a single piece of maple, with the bores being drilled and reamed first, and then the outside planed to shape. The reed is attached to the end of a metal bocal, inserted into the top of the small bore. Unlike the bassoon it normally has a flared bell, sometimes made from a separate piece of timber. This bell can sometimes be muted, the mute being either detachable, or built into the instrument. The outside of the instrument can also be covered in leather, like the cornett.
Although the bass in F is the most common size, the dulcian comes in many other sizes: tenor (in C), alto (in F or G) and soprano (in C). There are also examples of a "quart bass" dulcian in C and contrabass in F. The range of each instrument is two and a half octaves, centred on the range of the corresponding singing voice: for example, the bass ranges from C$_2$ (two octaves below middle C), to G$_4$ (the G above middle C).

## Evolution

The reed on the dulcian is fully exposed, allowing the player to control the sound and intonation by embouchure. At the time it first appeared, other double reed instruments either had the reed fully enclosed, like the crumhorn or the bagpipe, or partially enclosed by a pirouette, like the shawm. It has been argued the dulcian displaced the bass shawm, on account of its more convenient size, but it has also been argued that the two co-existed and that the bass shawm appeared at about the same time as the bass dulcian.
The instrument seems to have been in wide use by the middle of the sixteenth century. A set of instruments in various sizes exist in Brussels: these have a maker's mark of "Melchor" and are thought to be Spanish. Another well known example is a slightly later instrument in Linz, leather covered and with a built-in mute. The latest commonly copied example is by Denner, c. 1700, which also has a built in mute. Modern copies of the Linz instrument have a smoother sound and reach the high notes more easily, this is even more the case for modern copies of the Denner instrument.

## Function and repertoire

The dulcian is a flexible instrument, capable of being loud enough to play in outdoor bands, quiet enough for chamber music, and expressive enough to join in with the choir. Its uses would have included playing dance music with the shawms and sackbuts of the city watch, chamber music, and the grand polychoral repertoire from Venice and Germany, such as Giovanni Gabrieli and Heinrich Schütz. There are explicit dulcian parts in the sonatas by Dario Castello.