OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Counterphobic attitude

In psychology, a counterphobic attitude is a response to anxiety that, instead of fleeing the source of fear in the manner of a phobia, actively seeks it out, in the hope of overcoming the original anxiousness.
Contrary to the avoidant personality disorder, the counterphobic represents the less usual, but not totally uncommon, response of seeking out what is feared. Codependents may fall into a subcategory of this group, hiding their fears of attachment in over-dependency.

## Action

Dare-devil activities are often undertaken in a counterphobic spirit, as a denial of the fears attached to them, which may be only partially successful. Acting out in general may have a counterphobic source, reflecting a false self over-concerned with compulsive doing to preserve a sense of power and control.
Sex is a key area for counterphobic activity, sometimes powering hypersexuality in people who are actually afraid of the objects they believe they love. Adolescents, fearing sex play, may jump over to a kind of spurious full sexuality; adults may overvalue sex to cover an unconscious fear of the harm it may do. Such a counterphobic approach may indeed be socially celebrated in a postmodern vision of sex as gymnastic performance or hygiene, fuelled by what Ken Wilber described as "an exuberant and fearless shallowness".
Traffic accidents have been linked to a counterphobic, manic attitude in the driver.

## Language

Julia Kristeva considered that language could be used by the developing child as a counterphobic object, protecting against anxiety and loss.
Ego psychology points out that through the ambiguities of language, the concrete meanings of words may break down the counterphobic attitude and return the child to a state of fear.

## Freud

Didier Anzieu saw Freud's theorisation of psychoanalysis as a counterphobic defence against anxiety through intellectualisation: permanently ruminating on the instinctive, emotional world that was the actual object of fear.
Wilhelm Fliess has been seen as playing the role of counterphobic object for Freud during the period of the latter's self-analysis.

## Therapy

Otto Fenichel considered that undoing systematised counterphobic defences was only a first step in therapy, needing to be followed by analysis of the original anxiety itself. He also considered that psychological trauma could break down counterphobic defences, with results that "may be very painful for the patient; they are, from a therapeutic point of view, favorable".
David Rapaport emphasised the need for caution and extreme slowness in analyzing counterphobic defences.

## Cultural examples

The attraction of horror movies has been seen to lie in a counterphobic impulse.
Many actors often have a shy personality when off-camera, released counterphobically in conditions of performance.
The Batman comics and movies often take Bruce Wayne's fear of bats as a central part of his origin story.
Sick, the documentary on performance artist Bob Flanagan, discusses the counterphobic attitude of Flanagan, who sought to escape the chronic pain of his cystic fibrosis by engaging in extreme acts of masochism.
# Christopher (Domestic of the Schools)

Christopher (Greek: Χριστόφορος, fl. 870s) was the commander-in-chief (Domestic of the Schools) of the Byzantine army during the 870s, and scored significant victories against the Paulicians.

## Biography

Nothing is known of Christopher's origin, date of birth or death. He is identified in the sources as the gambros of Emperor Basil I the Macedonian (r. 867–886), a word which usually means "son-in-law", but can imply a more general family tie through marriage. Cyril Mango suggested that Christopher married Basil's eldest daughter, Anastasia, but all the emperor's daughters were eventually confined to a convent.
In 872 or 878/9, Christopher led an expedition against the Paulicians of Tephrike, comprising the forces of the Charsianon and Armeniakon themes. The campaign culminated in the Battle of Bathys Ryax, which saw a crushing defeat of the Paulicians and the death of their leader, Chrysocheir. This success was followed, whether immediately afterwards or a few years later, by the sack of the Paulician capital, Tephrike, and the extinction of their state.
# Deadly Relations

Deadly Relations is a 1993 American television film directed by Bill Condon. It stars Robert Urich, Shelley Fabares and Gwyneth Paltrow. The film originally aired on ABC on May 22, 1993.
Deadly Relations is based on the true crime book Deadly Relations: A True Story of Murder in a Suburban Family by Carol Donahue and Shirley Hall. Donahue and Hall are the daughters of Leonard Fagot, a New Orleans attorney whose obsession with controlling his daughters led to him murdering their husbands for hefty insurance pay outs.

## Plot

Leonard Fagot has four daughters with whom he is obsessed. He lets them know how he feels about the men they date. And if he disapproves of them, he probably will have them killed to get them out of his daughters' life.

## Cast

* Robert Urich as Leonard J. Fagot
* Shelley Fabares as Shirley Fagot
* Gwyneth Paltrow as Carol Ann Fagot Applegarth Holland
* Joy Farmer as Shirley Fagot, Jr.
* Georgia Emelin as Joanne Fagot Westerfield
* Jillian Boyd as Nancy Fagot
* Matthew Perry as George Westerfield
* Tony Higgins as Mike Holland
* Ted Marcoux as Bruce Applegarth
* Roxana Zal as Marty
# Dhofar Mountains

The Dhofar Mountains (Arabic: جِبَال ظُفَار, romanized: Jibāl Ẓufār) are a mountain range in the southeastern part of the Arabian Peninsula. In a broad sense, they extend from Dhofar Governorate in Oman to Hadhramaut Governorate in Yemen, and are located between the Hajar in the northern part of Oman, and the Sarawat in the western part of Yemen. Otherwise, the range in the eastern part of Yemen, particularly near Mukalla, is referred to as the Hadhramaut or "Mahrat".

## Geology

The Dhofar Mountains consist of three subranges: Jabal al-Qarā (Arabic: جبل القرا), Jabal al-Qamar (Arabic: جبل القمر) and Jabal Samḥān (Arabic: جبل سمحان). The latter is the highest point at about 2,100 m (6,900 ft).

## Wildlife

The Arabian leopard thrives here, particularly in Jabal Samhan Nature Reserve.
These mountains are home to Oman's largest population of Nubian ibex.
The Asiatic cheetah used to occur in this region. Oman's last known cheetah was killed near Jibjat in 1977 (Harrison, 1983).
In December 2018, a Schokari sand racer was spotted in a mountain in this region.

## Gallery

* The rugged landscape outside Salalah, outside the Kharīf season
* Ayn Jarziz with the greenery typical of the Kharīf (autumn)
* Camels in the vicinity of Salalah
* Camels walking in the rugged landscape, outside the Kharīf season
* Camel ride in 1948
* This is claimed to be the mosque where the remains of Ayyub (Job) are located
* Trees and camels
* Landscape of Al-Qarah Mountains
# Mohamed El-Zayat

Mohamed El-Zayat (born 1 April 2001) is an Egyptian para taekwondo practitioner. He won the silver medal in the men's 61 kg event at the 2020 Summer Paralympics in Tokyo, Japan. He received a kick to the head in his semi-final match against Daniil Sidorov. El-Zayat advanced to the final but he was unable to compete due to his injuries and, as a result, Nathan Torquato was awarded the gold medal.
# Agiannis, Pieria

Agiannis (Greek: Αγιάννης) is a village of the municipality of Pydna-Kolindros. Before the 2011 local government reform it was part of the municipality of Methoni. The 2021 census recorded 6 inhabitants in the village. Agiannis is a part of the community of Methoni.
# Greek League for Women's Rights

The Greek League for Women's Rights (Greek: Σύνδεσμος για τα Δικαιώματα της Γυναίκας) is a Greek feminist organization which was founded in 1920 in Athens to promote women's political rights including suffrage. Affiliated to the International Alliance of Women, the organization continues to be active today.

## Background

A number of initiatives in support of women had been taken since Greece had obtained independence in 1828, especially in the sphere of education. In 1872, Kalliopi Kehajia (1839-1905) founded the Society for Promoting Women's Education. Kalliroi Parren (1861-1940) founded the Union for the Emancipation of Women in 1894 and the Union of Greek Women in 1896, although both avoided calls for the controversial cause of women's suffrage. The National Council of Greek Women, an umbrella organization for some fifty charity associations for women and children, was founded in 1911. Progress on the educational front was achieved with the admission of women to the University of Athens and in 1911, the establishment of the Lyceum of Greek Women (Lykeion ton Ellinidon), an association striving to revive Greece's glorious past. It was only in 1920 that Avra Theodoropoulou founded the Greek League for Women's Rights, specifically demanding progress on political rights and suffrage.

## History

The League was particularly active in the 1920s, 1930s and 1950s, succeeding in having discriminating laws repealed and achieving progress in family law.
The feminist journal Women's Struggle has been published by the organization since 1923, the year when it became affiliated with the International Alliance of Women.
In 1982, it established the Centre for Documentation and Study of Women's Problems.
# Thawon Watthana

Thawon Watthana (Thai: ถาวรวัฒนา, pronounced) is a tambon (subdistrict) of Sai Thong Watthana District, in Kamphaeng Phet Province, Thailand. In 2019 it had a total population of 6,632 people.

## History

The subdistrict was created effective August 1, 1984 by splitting off 8 administrative villages from Wang Khaem.

## Administration
### Central administration

The tambon is subdivided into 10 administrative villages (muban).
| No. | Name | Thai |
| 01. | Ban Thawon Watthana | บ้านถาวรวัฒนา |
| 02. | Ban Thanon Yai | บ้านถนนใหญ่ |
| 03. | Ban Chum Nak | บ้านชุมนาก |
| 04. | Ban Khlong Ruea | บ้านคลองเรือ |
| 05. | Ban Thanon Noi | บ้านถนนน้อย |
| 06. | Ban Sap Charoen | บ้านทรัพย์เจริญ |
| 07. | Ban Bueng Samran | บ้านบึงสำราญ |
| 08. | Ban Bueng Samran Noi | บ้านบึงสำราญน้อย |
| 09. | Ban Khlong Pla Ra | บ้านคลองปลาร้า |
| 10. | Ban Bueng Lom | บ้านบึงหล่ม |

### Local administration

The whole area of the subdistrict is covered by the subdistrict administrative organization (SAO) Thawon Watthana (องค์การบริหารส่วนตำบลถาวรวัฒนา).
# Coryphaenoides rupestris

Coryphaenoides rupestris is a species of marine ray-finned fish in the family Macrouridae. Its common names include the rock grenadier, the roundnose grenadier and the roundhead rat-tail. In France it is known as grenadier de roche and in Spain as granadero de roca. It is a large, deep-water species and is fished commercially in the northern Atlantic Ocean.

## Description

The roundnose grenadier is a deep water fish sometimes reaching over a metre (yard) in length. The rounded head is large with a broad snout, the abdomen small and the tail long and tapering to a pointed tip. At the front of the snout there is a blunt, tube-like scute or scale and there is a small barbel under the chin. There are three rows of small teeth at the front of the mouth but only one row at the back. The scales on the body are densely packed and covered with small spines. The dorsal fin has two spines and 8 to 11 soft rays and the pelvic fin has 7 to 8 soft rays, the outer one of which is greatly elongated. The general body colour is brownish-grey but the inside of the mouth, the orbits round the eyes, the gill cavities and the fins are dark brownish black.

## Distribution

The roundnose grenadier is found in the northern Atlantic Ocean at depths between 400 and 1,200 m (1,300 and 3,900 ft) and occasionally at much greater depths. It tends to spend the summer in deep waters and the winter in shallower locations. Its range normally extends from Baffin Island, Greenland, Iceland and Norway south to the New England Seamounts and North Africa. It is found on continental shelves and in the vicinity of seamounts and knolls.

## Biology

The roundnose grenadier sometimes forms dense shoals at depths of about 600 to 900 metres (2,000 to 3,000 ft). It makes a daily vertical migration, returning later to the seabed where it feeds on small invertebrates including shrimps, amphipods and cumaceans, and to a lesser extent, cephalopods and various fishes, including lanternfishes. The roundnose grenadier is a batch spawner and is believed to migrate to the vicinity of Iceland to spawn in late summer or autumn. The females reach maturity when they are nine to eleven years old and the males when they are rather younger. Up to 35,000 eggs can be produced at a time.

## Fishery

Commercial fishing for the roundnose grenadier started in the 1960s. The former USSR, Poland, and the German Democratic Republic were the main countries involved, sending factory ships to undertake midwater trawls in the Atlantic Ocean. Catches peaked at over 80,000 tonnes (88,000 short tons) in 1971. More recently, French and Spanish vessels have predominated and the total annual catch has been under 20,000 tonnes (22,000 short tons) in most years since 1980. The flesh of the fish is white with a pleasant texture and is sold as seafood. In 2010 in the United Kingdom, the roundnose grenadier was listed as a "UK Priority Species" for conservation purposes on the grounds that it is a long-lived fish taking many years to mature and that numbers were declining. It was suggested that if no actions to conserve the fish were taken, it would become extinct within the next 10 years.
# Pajewo Wielkie

Pajewo Wielkie is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Gołymin-Ośrodek, within Ciechanów County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately 9 kilometres (6 mi) north-west of Gołymin-Ośrodek, 12 km (7 mi) east of Ciechanów, and 74 km (46 mi) north of Warsaw.
# Phil Hadland

Philip Jonathan Hadland (born 20 October 1980) is an English retired professional footballer who played as a winger and current manager, who was last in charge of Colwyn Bay. He played for a variety of Football League clubs including Reading, where he began his career and made his debut at the age of 17 against Barnsley at the Madejski Stadium in the League Cup. He then joined Rochdale, where he made 32 appearances (his highest total for a league club), Leyton Orient, Carlisle, Brighton, Darlington and Colchester. Phil is now a football teacher at co-op academy failsworth.
# Jiří Palko

Jiří Palko (17 March 1941 – 2 February 2014) was a Czech rower. He competed in the men's coxed pair event at the 1964 Summer Olympics.
# Lawrence A. Boland

Lawrence Arthur Boland is a professor of economics at Simon Fraser University.
Boland is critical of the neoclassical research program. He has attempted to draw out the unstated assumptions of neoclassical economics and submit them to methodological scrutiny. His key criticisms of traditional economics center on the problem of induction, methodological individualism, and the acquisition of knowledge.

## Published work

* The Foundations of Economic Method (1982), London: Geo. Allen & Unwin
* Methodology for a New Microeconomics: The Critical Foundations (1986/87), Boston: Allen & Unwin
* The Methodology of Economic Model Building: Methodology after Samuelson (1989/91), London: Routledge, ISBN 0-415-00014-9.
* The Principles of Economics: Some Lies my Teachers Told Me (1992), London: Routledge, ISBN 0-415-13208-8.
* Critical Economic Methodology: A Personal Odyssey (1997), London: Routledge, ISBN 0-415-13607-5.
* The Foundations of Economic Method: A Popperian Perspective (2003), London: Routledge, ISBN 0-415-26774-9.
* Model building in economics : its purposes and limitations (2014), New York: Cambridge University Press, ISBN 9781107032941
# Ghulam Ali

Ghulam Ali (Arabic: غلام علی, Persian: غلام‌علی) is a Muslim male given name. In Persian, it is transliterated as Gholam Ali. It may refer to:

## People

* Shah Ghulam Ali Dehlavi (1743–1824), Sufi Shaykh in Delhi
* Gholam Ali-khan (1783–1784), khan of the Erivan khanate
* Golam Ali Chowdhury (1824–1888), Bengali landlord and philanthropist
* Ahmed Ghulamali Chagla (1902–1953), Pakistani musical composer
* Bade Ghulam Ali Khan (1902–1968), Indian classical singer who belonged to the Patiala Gharana
* Gholam Ali Oveisi (1918–1984), Iranian general
* Ghulam Ali (singer) (born 1940), Pakistani ghazal singer of the Patiala gharana
* Gholam-Ali Haddad-Adel (born 1945), Iranian philosopher and politician
* Ghulam Ali (cricketer) (born 1966), Pakistani cricketer
* Ghulam Ali Allana (1906–1985), friend and biographer of Muhammad Ali Jinnah, founder of Pakistan
* Mir Ghulam Ali (1758–1863), official of the Tippu Sultanate

## Places

* Gholamali, Hamadan, village in Razan County, Hamadan Province, Iran
* Gholamali, Khuzestan, village in Andika County, Khuzestan Province, Iran
* Gholamali, Kurdistan, village in Saqqez County, Kurdistan Province, Iran
* Gholam Ali, Sistan and Baluchestan, village in Hirmand County, Sistan and Baluchestan Province, Iran
* Porzinastan, also known as Gholamali, Shushtar County, Khuzestan Province, Iran
* Kas Ali Mirzayi, also known as Gholam Ali, Kuhdasht County, Lorestan Province, Iran
# Independent Battery C, Pennsylvania Light Artillery

Independent Battery "C", Pennsylvania Volunteers was a light artillery battery that served in the Union Army during the American Civil War.

## Service

The battery was organized at Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. It was attached to the regiment being raised by Ward H. Lamon and moved to Williamsport, Md. After the dissolution of Lamon's Brigade it was mustered in for a three-year enlistment on November 6, 1861 under the command of Captain James Thompson.
The battery was attached to Military District of Washington until May 1862. Ord's Division, Department of the Rappahannock, to June 1862. 2nd Division, III Corps, Army of Virginia, to September 1862. 2nd Division, I Corps, Army of the Potomac, to June 1863. 1st Volunteer Brigade, Artillery Reserve, Army of the Potomac, to November 1863. Artillery Brigade, II Corps, Army of the Potomac, to March 1864. Camp Barry, Defenses of Washington, XXII Corps, to June 1865.
Battery C, Pennsylvania Light Artillery mustered out of service on June 30, 1865.

## Detailed service

Moved to Washington, D.C., November 1861. Duty in the defenses of Washington, D.C., until May 1862. Duty at Front Royal, Catlett's Station, Warrenton, and Waterloo, until August. Battle of Cedar Mountain August 9. Pope's Campaign in northern Virginia August 10-September 2. Crooked Run August 12. Fords of the Rappahannock August 21–23. Thoroughfare Gap August 28. Second Battle of Bull Run August 29–30. Chantilly September 1. Maryland Campaign September 6–24. Battle of Antietam, Md., September 16–17. Duty at Sharpsburg, Md., until October 30. Movement to Falmouth, Va., October 30-November 19. Battle of Fredericksburg December 12–15. "Mud March" January 20–24, 1863. At Falmouth and Belle Plains until April. Chancellorsville Campaign April 27-May 6. Operations at Pollock's Mill Creek April 29-May 2. Fitzhugh's Crossing April 29–30. Chancellorsville May 2–5. Gettysburg Campaign June 11-July 24. Advance to line of the Rapidan September 13–17. Bristoe Campaign October 9–22. Advance to line of the Rappahannock November 7–8. Mine Run Campaign November 26-December 2. Demonstration on the Rapidan February 6–7, 1864. Morton's Ford February 6–7. Ordered to the defenses of Washington and duty at Camp Barry and in the defenses south of the Potomac River until June 1865.

## Casualties

The battery lost a total of 24 men during service: 1 officer and 2 enlisted men killed or mortally wounded, 2 enlisted men died of disease.

## Commanders

* Captain James Thompson
# Drosera finlaysoniana

Drosera finlaysoniana is a species of sundew native to Australia, Hainan, Taiwan, the Philippines and Mainland Southeast Asia. Like other members of Drosera sect. Arachnopus it is an annual.
More commonly found in the north of Australia. In southern Australian sites it has been recorded at inland areas, in eucalyptus woodlands subject to flooding. Also found in Hainan, Taiwan, the Indo-China region and the Philippines.

## Taxonomy

The specific epithet D. finlaysoniana honours George Finlayson, who first collected specimens of the plant from Turon Bay, Cochinchina (now Da Nang Bay, Vietnam) during the East India Company's mission to Cochinchina in 1821—22, for which Finlayson was the accompanying medical officer. The name was first given by Nathaniel Wallich in 1831 to a specimen listed in his Numerical list of dried specimens of plants in the East India Company's Museum, collected under the superintendence of Dr. Wallich of the Company's Botanic Garden at Calcutta (more commonly known as the Wallich Catalogue). However, this name was not validly published as it lacked a description. In 1837, George A. Walker Arnott provided a brief description of the plant using the name D. Finlaysoni and noting that it was “much larger than [D. indica], and presents a considerable difference in habit”.
The name, D. finlaysoniana, is accepted by Australian authorities. and by Plants of the World Online, and WCSP, but not by World Flora Online. For some time, this species was considered synonymous with D. indica, but in 2013 Russell Barrett & Allen Lowrie resurrected it, noting that
* "the stalked glandular hairs at the base of the (leaf) lamina do not reach all the way to the stem"
* "there are only a few short, simple hairs among the glandular hairs at the base of the lamina"
* "anthers are classed as normal, not hooded or dilated"
* "seeds have a distinctly reticulate surface" and
* are "relatively small".
# Fozia Ayub Qureshi

Fozia Ayub Qureshi (Urdu: فوزیہ ایوب قریشی; born 16 August 1963) is a Pakistani politician who was a member of the Provincial Assembly of the Punjab, from May 2013 to May 2018.

## Early life and education

She was born on 16 August 1963 in Bahawalpur.
She has completed intermediate level education. FAMILY: HASEEB QURESHI (SON)

## Political career

She was elected to the Provincial Assembly of the Punjab as a candidate of Pakistan Muslim League (N) on a reserved seat for women in 2013 Pakistani general election.
# Jordi (bishop of Vic)

Jordi (Latin: Georgius, George; died 947) was the bishop of Vic (Ausona) from 914 until his death. After the death of bishop Idalguer, the clergy and people (plebs) of Vic acclaimed as bishop Jordi, whom they described as "noble, prudent, sober and chaste". His election was confirmed on 17 June 914.
In 935, he consecrated the second monastery of Santa Maria de Ripoll under abbot Ennego. In 945, he confirmed the foundation of the monastery of Santa Cecília de Montserrat under abbot Cesari and the rule of Saint Benedict, but retained episcopal control over it. He also consecrated the church of Santa Maria de Manresa around 937.
During his episcopate, Jordi expanded the property holdings of the diocese. On 3 August 915, a certain Leupardus (Llopart) donated some land in Felporc to Vic for the sake of his soul and that of his wife, Gaudesinda (Godesenda). On 28 February 919, Jordi purchased a vineyard at Seva from Ferminus (Fermí) and his wife, Eldogiva (El·lovija). On 17 July 918 the diocese was the recipient of half of a vineyard at Fontcoberta from one Ferruç. In the town of Vic itself Jordi received an allodial grant on 21 October 921. In 925, Jordi donated the churches of Sant Martí de Vinyoles and Sant Sadurní de Sovelles to the monastery of Ripoll. In separate transactions on 11 November 941 and 19 November 942, Jordi purchased two halves of a vineyard at Sevedà for thirty solidi each. He was the first bishop of Vic to organise an ecclesiastical structure in the region of the Moianès.
# Şehzadeler Tunnel

Şehzadeler Tunnel (Turkish: Şehzadeler Tüneli), is a highway tunnel constructed on the Samsun-Çorum highway D.795 E95 in Amasya Province, northern Turkey.
It is situated near Bayat village of Merzifon, Amasya. The 392 and 392 m (1,286 and 1,286 ft)-long twin-tube tunnel carrying two lanes of traffic in each direction. The 19 Mayıs Tunnel follows the Şehzadeler Tunnel in direction Samsun.
The tunnel was opened to traffic on 15 February 2009 by Turkish Prime Minister Recep Tayyip Erdoğan.