# Ankara Province

Ankara Province (Turkish: Ankara ili, pronounced, is a province and metropolitan municipality of Turkey with the capital city Ankara. Its area is 25,632 km$^2$, and its population is 5,782,285 (2022).

## History

The site of the modern city has been home to settlements by many historic Anatolian civilizations in antiquity and classical times, including Phrygians, Lydians, Persians and Alexander the Great, Romans, and Galatians. The city of Ankara became a fortified stronghold of the Byzantines; it fell to the Seljuk Turks and later the Ottoman Empire. It was finally chosen by Mustafa Kemal Atatürk and the Turkish National Movement as the site of the provisional government and the Turkish parliament in 1920, and in 1923 as the capital city of the newly established Republic of Turkey.

## Geography

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Ankara is mostly in the Central Anatolia region, and partly in the Black Sea region. Ankara has mountain forests to its north, and the dry plain of Konya to its south. The province is irrigated by the Kızılırmak and Sakarya River systems, the Sarıyar reservoir and many natural lakes and pools. 50% of the land is used for agriculture, 28% is forest and another 10% is meadow and grazing land. Lake Tuz, the second largest lake in Turkey, partly lies in the Şereflikoçhisar district of the province. The highest point of the province is the 2,015 meters tall Işık Mountain in the Kızılcahamam district.

### Districts

Ankara has 25 districts.
| Number Plates (İlçe Kayıt) | District | Population (31.12.2022) | Area (km$^2$) | Density (per km$^2$) |
| 1872 | Akyurt | 40,625 | 369 | 110 |
| 1130 | Altındağ | 413,994 | 123 | 3,365 |
| 1157 | Ayaş | 12,998 | 1041 | 12 |
| 1167 | Bala | 20,521 | 1,851 | 11 |
| 1187 | Beypazarı | 48,357 | 1,697 | 28 |
| 1227 | Çamlıdere | 8,100 | 782 | 10 |
| 1231 | Çankaya | 942,553 | 483 | 1,951 |
| 1260 | Çubuk | 95,449 | 1,198 | 80 |
| 1302 | Elmadağ | 44,379 | 647 | 69 |
| 1922 | Etimesgut | 614,891 | 273 | 2,252 |
| 1924 | Evren | 2,952 | 222 | 13 |
| 1744 | Gölbaşı | 150,047 | 1,364 | 110 |
| 1365 | Güdül | 8,079 | 540 | 15 |
| 1387 | Haymana | 26,016 | 2,164 | 12 |
| 1815 | Kahramankazan | 59,123 | 547 | 108 |
| 1427 | Kalecik | 12,794 | 1,110 | 12 |
| 1745 | Keçiören | 939,279 | 159 | 5,907 |
| 1473 | Kızılcahamam | 26,872 | 1,623 | 17 |
| 1746 | Mamak | 687,535 | 321 | 2,142 |
| 1539 | Nallıhan | 26,553 | 2,079 | 13 |
| 1578 | Polatlı | 128,378 | 3,618 | 35 |
| 2034 | Pursaklar | 162,389 | 169 | 961 |
| 1747 | Sincan | 572,609 | 880 | 651 |
| 1658 | Şereflikoçhisar | 33,140 | 2,155 | 15 |
| 1723 | Yenimahalle | 704,652 | 219 | 3,218 |
| ANKARA City (9 districts / urban) Altındağ, Çankaya, Etimesgut, Gölbaşı, Keçiören, Mamak, Pursaklar, Sincan, Yenimahalle | ANKARA City (9 districts / urban) Altındağ, Çankaya, Etimesgut, Gölbaşı, Keçiören, Mamak, Pursaklar, Sincan, Yenimahalle | 5,187,949 | 3,991 | 1,300 |
| TOTAL | TOTAL | 5,782,285 | 25,632 | 226 |
| District | 1965 | 1970 | 1975 | 1980 | 1985 | 1990 | 1997 | 2007 | 2012 | 2017 | 2022 |
| City center | 130,520 | 114,419 | 94,964 | 77,168 | no data | no data | no data | no data | no data | no data | no data |
| Akyurt | no data | no data | no data | no data | no data | 12,535 | 16,229 | 23,354 | 27,201 | 32,863 | 40,625 |
| Altındağ | 229,228 | 348,254 | 526,072 | 624,313 | 406,948 | 422,668 | 394,632 | 370,735 | 363,744 | 371,366 | 413,994 |
| Ayaş | 16,936 | 17,581 | 18,325 | 17,202 | 21,762 | 20,806 | 18,352 | 13,159 | 13,087 | 12,289 | 12,998 |
| Bala | 41,415 | 42,206 | 44,735 | 45,158 | 46,940 | 37,612 | 35,295 | 23,505 | 17,397 | 21,682 | 20,521 |
| Beypazarı | 34,297 | 36,435 | 37,140 | 38,568 | 42,008 | 45,977 | 46,903 | 46,884 | 46,738 | 48,476 | 48,357 |
| Çamlıdere | 19,596 | 18,982 | 19,444 | 18,521 | 18,341 | 19,365 | 20,992 | 9,329 | 6,739 | 7,389 | 8,100 |
| Çankaya | 496,953 | 683,210 | 927,809 | 968,668 | 667,351 | 714,330 | 765,354 | 792,189 | 832,075 | 921,999 | 942,553 |
| Çubuk | 47,601 | 49,539 | 53,114 | 54,616 | 57,716 | 51,964 | 63,700 | 83,826 | 82,614 | 90,063 | 95,449 |
| Elmadağ | 20,526 | 23,852 | 25,893 | 30,354 | 32,967 | 38,032 | 38,682 | 48,013 | 43,856 | 45,513 | 44,379 |
| Etimesgut | no data | no data | no data | no data | no data | 70,800 | 127,395 | 289,601 | 425,947 | 566,500 | 614,891 |
| Evren | no data | no data | no data | no data | no data | 6,928 | 6,506 | 4,027 | 3,011 | 2,753 | 2,952 |
| Gölbaşı | no data | no data | no data | no data | 31,671 | 43,522 | 49,526 | 73,670 | 110,643 | 130,363 | 150,047 |
| Güdül | 18,314 | 18,153 | 18,919 | 15,688 | 19,460 | 18,698 | 22,473 | 10,676 | 8,656 | 8,050 | 8,079 |
| Haymana | 48,908 | 51,256 | 53,275 | 56,171 | 60,823 | 55,527 | 49,730 | 39,310 | 31,058 | 27,277 | 26,016 |
| Kalecik | 28,665 | 29,784 | 27,871 | 28,446 | 27,349 | 25,043 | 25,870 | 17,007 | 13,648 | 12,897 | 12,794 |
| Kahramankazan | no data | no data | no data | no data | no data | 21,837 | 26,076 | 36,147 | 43,308 | 52,079 | 59,123 |
| Keçiören | no data | no data | no data | no data | 443,390 | 536,168 | 615,448 | 843,535 | 840,809 | 917,759 | 939,279 |
| Kızılcahamam | 42,649 | 36,645 | 36,686 | 35,513 | 32,162 | 34,456 | 37,906 | 25,288 | 24,635 | 24,947 | 26,872 |
| Mamak | no data | no data | no data | no data | 379,460 | 410,359 | 405,066 | 503,663 | 559,597 | 637,935 | 687,535 |
| Nallıhan | 31,141 | 32,713 | 32,769 | 34,389 | 35,718 | 36,779 | 39,952 | 31,768 | 30,299 | 28,621 | 26,553 |
| Polatlı | 63,895 | 74,366 | 75,332 | 86,865 | 95,401 | 99,965 | 104,203 | 118,454 | 119,349 | 124,464 | 128,378 |
| Pursaklar | no data | no data | no data | no data | no data | no data | no data | no data | 119,593 | 142,317 | 162,389 |
| Şereflikoçhisar | 69,201 | 75,675 | 82,207 | 79,330 | 87,893 | 60,701 | 55,443 | 34,808 | 35,042 | 33,599 | 33,140 |
| Sincan | no data | no data | no data | no data | 59,451 | 101,118 | 220,415 | 413,030 | 479,454 | 524,222 | 572,609 |
| Yenimahalle | 122,166 | 175,528 | 246,154 | 330,908 | 382,205 | 351,436 | 507,242 | 614,778 | 687,042 | 659,603 | 704,652 |
| Total | 1,644,302 | 2,041,658 | 2,585,293 | 2,854,689 | 3,306,327 | 3,236,626 | 3,693,390 | 4,466,756 | 4,965,542 | 5,445,026 | 5,782,285 |
^a The population of the city center was not included after 1980, due to the fact that Ankara received the metropolitan status.

### Climate

The climate is hot and dry in summer, rainy in spring and autumn, cold and snowy in winter, wetter in the north of the province than the drier plains to the south. The annual precipitation in the city of Ankara located the center of the province is 415 mm (16.3 in), the annual precipitation of Kızılcahamam located in the north of the province is 592 mm (23.3 in), and the annual precipitation of Şereflikoçhisar located in the southeast of the province is 357 mm (14.1 in).

## Places of interest

* The Mount Sarıçal National Park (Turkish: Sarıçalı Dağı Milli Parkı) is located next to Çulhalar village in the northeast, 25 km (16 mi) northwest of Nallıhan and 185 km (115 mi) northwest of Ankara.
* One of the most beautiful lakes of Ankara is Karagöl in Çubuk.