OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Louis Bréhier

Louis René Bréhier (French:; 5 August 1868 – 13 October 1951) was a French historian who specialized in Byzantine studies. His brother was the philosopher Émile Bréhier.

## Biography

Louis Bréhier was born in Brest, France on 5 August 1868. He studied history and literature in Paris, obtaining his agrégation in history in 1892. Afterwards, he worked as a schoolteacher in Montauban, Bourges, Reims and Saint-Quentin (1892–99). In 1899 he received his doctorate at the Sorbonne with the dissertation Le schisme oriental du XI$^e$ siècle ("The Eastern Schism in the 11th Century"). Bréhier became a professor at the University of Paris, teaching ancient and medieval history and geography. He presented a paper on "Les colonies d'Orientaux en Occident du Moyen Age" at the Thirteenth Congress of Orientalists in Hamburg in 1902.
From 1903 to 1938 he was professor of ancient and medieval history in Clermont-Ferrand. His travels were largely confined to the Mediterranean world that included an archaeological mission to Mount Athos in 1930. He settled in Reims after World War II and died in this city in 1951.
Bréhier's best known work was the three-volume Le Monde byzantin ("The Byzantine World"). He was a specialist of Byzantine iconography, and in 1924 published an influential treatise on Byzantine art titled L'Art byzantin. In 1935 he became a member of the Académie des inscriptions et belles-lettres. Bréhier contributed many articles to the Catholic Encyclopedia.

## Selected publications

* l'égypte de 1798 à 1900 (1898)
* De Graecorum judiciorum origine (1899)
* Le Schisme oriental du 11$^e$ siècle (1899)
* La Querelle des images (1904)
* L'Église et l'Orient au Moyen Âge : les croisades
* Articles in the Catholic Encyclopedia (1913)
* Le travail historique (1908)
* L'Auvergne (1912)
* La Cathédrale de Reims. Une œuvre française, Paris 1916
* L'art chrétien, son développement iconographique des origines à nos jours (1918)
* Les églises romanes
* L'homme dans la sculpture romane
* Études archéologiques : Le sarcophage des Carmes-Déchaux ; Les anciens inventaires de la cathédrale : Le Bible historiée de Clermont
* Les survivances du rite impérial romain: à propos des rites shintoïstes (1920)
* L'Art byzantin, Paris 1924
* L'Art en France, des invasions barbares à l'époque romane, Paris 1930
* Le Monde byzantin, Paris 1947-50 (3 Volumes)
** Volume 1: Vie et mort de Byzance
** Volume 2: Les Institutions de l'Empire byzantin
** Volume 3: La civilisation byzantine

### Translation or collaboration

* Histoire anonyme de la première croisade, éditée et traduite par Louis Bréhier, (Anonymous history of the First Crusade, edited and translated into French by Louis Bréhier), Paris 1924.
# Kafia Kingi

The Kafia Kingi (Arabic: كافيا كنجي) area is a mineral-rich region on the border between Sudan, South Sudan and the Central African Republic. It is disputed between South Sudan and Sudan.
The area was due to be given to South Sudan under the terms of the 2005 Comprehensive Peace Agreement which required use of the Sudan "north–south line" as of 1 January 1956. It was not until 1960 that the Kafia Kingi area was transferred north of that line and added to Darfur. Sudan controls all or most of this area today, though at times since independence South Sudan forces have briefly controlled large portions.
Almost all of Kafia Kingi (except a southern portion south of the Umblasha River) is within the borders of the Sudanese Radom National Park, a biosphere reserve, of which two-thirds are also within the borders of Kafia Kingi, while another one-third of the National Park is within the Sudanese region of South Darfur.
The Kafia Kingi region is a known haven for ivory smugglers. Congolese ivory is frequently held in Kafia Kingi before being taken north into Darfur.
# Trift Glacier

The Trift Glacier (German: Triftgletscher) is a 5 km (3 mi) long glacier (2005) in the Uri Alps near Gadmen, in the extreme east of the canton of Bern in Switzerland.

## Morphology

In 1973 glacier was 5.75 km long, 3 km wide at the top and around 500 m wide at it tongue. Overall it covered an area of 16.55 km$^2$ (6.39 sq mi) including glacier sides.
Since the end of the Little Ice Age, the Trift Glacier is shrinking. The valley in which lake Triftsee is today used to be filled by a large mass of ice well into the 20th century. In the 1990s smaller meltwater pools began to form at the glacier tongue and gradually increased in size. The hot summer of 2003 was particularly hard on the glacier. The lake quickly grew larger and the glacier tongue literally sank into the meltwater lake or dissolved into it. This led to a shrinkage of the glacier of more than 136 m within just one year. From 1861 to 2021, the glacier shrunk a total of 3941 meters.

## Tourist attractions

At an altitude of 2520 meters above sea level is the Trifthutte, a mountain hut of the Schweizer Alpen-Club (SAC) that was only accessible via the glacier tongue. Due to the melting of the glacier, in 2004 people were forced to build a bridge, the Trift Bridge to reach this hut.
# Manolas

Manolas (Greek: Μανωλάς) may refer to:

## People with the surname

* Christos Manolas (born 1959), Greek general
* Kostas Manolas (born 1991), Greek football player
* Stelios Manolas (born 1961), Greek football player
* Konstantinos Manolas (born 1993), Greek football player

## Settlements

* Manolas, Thirasia, village in Thirasia
# Kostyantyn Milyayev

Kostyantyn Serhiyovych Milyayev (Ukrainian: Костянтин Сергійович Міляєв; born 23 October 1987 in Novokuznetsk, Russian SFSR) is a Ukrainian platform diver. Milyayev represented Ukraine at the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing, where he competed for the men's platform event. He placed twentieth out of thirty divers in the preliminary round, with a total score of 410.20 points after six successive attempts.
# Ottayal Pattalam

Ottayal Pattalam (transl. One man army) is a 1991 Indian Malayalam-language caper comedy film written and directed by T. K. Rajeev Kumar. The film stars Mukesh and Madhoo, with Innocent and K. P. A. C. Lalitha in the supporting roles. Sharreth scored the music for the film.

## Plot

Venu is an orphan who works as a taxi driver. He is mistaken by the police as the kidnapper of Gopika Varma, an NRI girl. Venu tries to solve his problems and prove his innocence. Meanwhile, he stays out of the sight of the police by pretending to be a retired Colonel. Amidst his efforts to prove his innocence, he falls in love with Gopika. When she finds he is innocent and gets to know everything that has happened without his knowledge, she falls for him. How Venu proves his innocence forms the rest of the plot. The true kidnapper turns out to be an African national.

## Cast

* Mukesh as Venu Gopalakrishnan/Col. R. K. Nair
* Madhoo as Gopika Varma/Indu
* Innocent as DIG Chandrashekara Menon
* KPAC Lalitha as SI Shoshamma
* Shammi Thilakan
* Antony (Kenyan) as Simon Antony
* Paravoor Bharathan as SI
* Vettukili Prakash as Velayudhan
* Edavela Babu
* Kalpana
* Bobby Kottarakkara as Makeup man
* Preethika
* Ranju
* Ravi Vallathol
* Asha Jayaram
* James
* Manimala as Matron

## Soundtrack

The film has two songs composed by Sharreth while the lyrics were written by P. K. Gopi. The song "Mayamanchalil" is an Evergreen song. The background score of the movie was by Johnson.
| Track | Singer(s) | Lyrics |
| "Mayamanchalil Ithu" | Radhika Thilak, G. Venugopal | P. K. Gopi |
| "Thinthaktho" | G. Venugopal | P. K. Gopi |
# Olga Sukhenko

Olga Petrivna Sukhenko (Ukrainian: Ольга Петрівна Сухенко; 19 October 1971 – 24 March 2022), also known as Olha Sukhenko, was a Ukrainian politician who served as village head of Motyzhyn, Kyiv Region, and was killed by Russian soldiers during the Bucha massacre.

## Early life and education

Olga Petrivna Sukhenko was born on 19 October 1971 and attended Kyiv secondary school #127 before studying merchandising at Kyiv Commercial College from 1992 to 1994. After that she studied at the Kyiv State Academy of Water Transport where, after three years, she received an accounting qualification. Sukhenko's career included working as a baker, sales, and working in Motyzhin's kindergarten.

## Political career

Sukhenko served as village head for over a decade in Motyzhyn, a village with a population of about 1000 people, located about 25 miles west of Kyiv. Her role included informal dispute resolution, building improvements, and organizing cultural events. In 2002, she was elected as the secretary of the village council before becoming the chair in 2006. In 2017, as mayor, she visited World War II veteran Fyodor Klimenko of Motyzhin at a nursing home in Gruzskoe and congratulated his efforts towards victory over Nazis. On 27 February 2022, Sukhenko posted to Facebook after the arrival of the Russian army, "There are foreign bastards in our village. Take care. Don't leave your homes. Keep calm." After the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine began, thousands of people had fled to the village from Kyiv, and in early March, she organised a civilian evacuation convoy. During the occupation by the Russian army, she also arranged for the delivery and distribution of food and medication. Igor Sukhenko, her husband, and others also provided information to the Ukrainian army about Russian army locations and movements.

## Assassination
### Abduction and murder

According to Ukrainian officials and local residents, on 23 March, Sukhenko, her husband, Igor, and their son Oleksandr (a professional footballer who had played for SC Chaika Petropavlivska Borshchahivka) were abducted by Russian soldiers, tortured, then executed by shooting, and buried in a shallow pit in a forest. Sukhenko and her husband were taken earlier in the day and then Oleksandr was taken in the evening.

### Body discovery

Their bodies were found by Ukrainian soldiers after the Russian army occupation of the village ended, along with two other bodies in the same area. According to BBC News, "It is believed that she and her family were killed on suspicion of helping Ukrainian soldiers." Ukrainian Deputy Prime Minister Iryna Vereshchuk said Sukhenko is one of twelve municipality leaders who were captured by Russian forces, and the Ukrainian government learned of her death on 2 April 2022.
* Ukraine portal
# Order of the Pug

The Order of the Pug (German: Mops-Orden) was a para-Masonic society founded by Roman Catholics. It is believed that it was founded in 1738 by Klemens August of Bavaria to bypass the crown's In eminenti apostolatus of 1738. The constitution of the Order of the Pug allowed women to become members as long as they were Catholic. The pug was chosen as a symbol of loyalty, trustworthiness and steadiness.

## History

No reliable information has been handed down about the origins of the pug order. It is believed to have been founded in France around 1740, from whence it spread to the Netherlands and Germany, where a lodge is said to have existed in Bayreuth. The founder is said to have been Klemens August, Duke of Bavaria, in 1740.
Members called themselves Mops (the German for Pug). Each lodge had a female and a male lodge master, who called themselves grand pugs and took turns running the lodge every six months. Other functions, such as secretaries and overseers, were also androgynously filled. However, the lodge grandmaster was always male.
The order was banned by Göttingen University in 1748. Loge Louise des ehrwürdigen Mopsordens or "Lodge Louise of the Venerable Order of the Pug" had been formed the previous year as a student society, mainly drawn from the Hanoverian nobility. The lodge fees and their control over their members formed the excuse for the closure, and after a government investigation, the lodge documents were passed to the university authorities.
While German sources state that the order was short-lived, they were reportedly active in Lyon as late as 1902.

### Initiation ritual

Novices were initiated wearing a dog collar and had to scratch at the door to be admitted inside. The novices were blindfolded and led nine times around a carpet with symbols on it, while the Pugs of the order barked loudly to test the steadiness of the newcomers. During the initiation, the novices also had to kiss a porcelain pug's backside under its tail as an expression of devotion to the order. Subsequently, the hand of the person asking for admittance to the order was placed by the master on a rapier in the case of a man, and on a mirror in the case of a woman, with a vow being demanded. Finally, the initiate was asked to "see the light", whereupon the blindfold was removed. The members of the order would stand around the initiate in a circle, holding out a rapier or a mirror in one hand and a pug in the other. At the end of the Rococo period, the initiate also had to undergo the ceremonial presentation of hand signals and slogans.
Members of the order carried a Pug medallion made of silver. In 1745, the secrets of the order were "exposed" in a book published in Amsterdam with the title L'ordre des Franc-Maçons trahi et le Secret des Mopses révélé which included the ritual and two engravings illustrating their rite.
# Hydra AC

Hydra Athletic Club (Arabic: أمل حيدرة), known as Hydra AC or HAC for short, is an Algerian football club based in the Hydra neighbourhood of Algiers. The club was founded in 1936 and its colours are red and white. Their home stadium, Ahmed Fellak Stadium, has a capacity of 4,000 spectators. The club is currently playing in the Ligue Régional I.

## History

The club was founded in 1936 as Groupement Sportif d'Alger Hydra. In 1962, after the independence of Algeria, the name of the club was changed to Hydra AC by Ali Benfadah, a player at the club at the time, in reference to his former club, French club Le Havre AC which is known as Le HAC or just HAC for short.
# I'm Gilda

I'm Gilda (Spanish: Gilda, no me arrepiento de este amor) is a 2016 Argentine biographical drama film about the life of tropical singer and songwriter Gilda. It stars Natalia Oreiro in the title role.

## Cast

* Natalia Oreiro - Miriam Alejandra Bianchi/Gilda
** Ángela Torres - Teenage Gilda
** Mía Eileen Urea - 7-year-old Gilda
* Lautaro Delgado - Raúl Cagnin
* Javier Drolas - Juan Carlos "Toti" Giménez
* Daniel Melingo - Omar Eduardo Bianchi
* Susana Pampín - Isabela "Tita" Scioli
* Roly Serrano - "El Tigre" Almada (allegedly based on José “El Cholo” Olaya)
* Daniel Valenzuela - Waldo
* Diego Cremonesi - Reynaldo "Rey" Lío

## Soundtracks

In the film Natalia Oreiro sings Paisaje written by the italian singer-songwriter Franco Simone and No me arrepiento de este amor and Corazòn herido.
# Deh-e Shaker

Deh-e Shaker (Persian: ده شاكر, also Romanized as Deh-e Shāker; also known as Dam Shāţer, Deh-e Shāţer, Deh Shāţer, Dom-e Shāţer, Dom-e Shātīr, Dum-i-Shātir, and Dum Shātir) is a village in Almahdi Rural District, Jowkar District, Malayer County, Hamadan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 520, in 132 families.
# Iskan

Iskan, Al Iskan or Al-Iskan (/ɑːlɪskɑːn/) Arabic: الإسكان, are a series of cities built and founded by the 24th prime minister of Iraq, the late Abdul-Karim Qasim. He built an Al-Iskan in each of the 18 provinces of Iraq as a bid to help implement a number of positive domestic changes that benefited Iraqi society, thus; oversaw the building of 35,000 residential units to house the poor and destitute of Iraq.
In the 1950s and 60s, poverty and hardship were widespread across Iraq and to combat this issue, Abd al-Karim Qasim built these cities to house the poor and homeless of Iraq meaning that all the residents of Al-Iskan in each governorate come from an impoverished and deprived background, due to this – these cities are seen as rough neighbourhoods where kidnapping, murder and other major crimes are rife compared to other areas of Iraq.

## Provinces where an Iskan was built

* Al Anbar
* Babil
* Baghdad
* Basra
* Dhi Qar
* Al-Qādisiyyah
* Diyala
* Duhuk
* Erbil
* Karbala
* Kirkuk
* Maysan
* Muthanna
* Najaf
* Nineveh
* Saladin
* Sulaymaniyah
* Wasit
# Gav Cheshmeh

Gav Cheshmeh (Persian: گاوچشمه, also Romanized as Gāv Cheshmeh) is a village in Harirud Rural District, Bujgan District, Torbat-e Jam County, Razavi Khorasan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 127, in 29 families.
# Kop Pass

The Kop Pass (Turkish: Kop Geçidi) is a high mountain pass situated on the Mount Kop in Bayburt Province in eastern Turkey. The pass is at 2,409 m (7,904 ft) above sea level. It is on the Bayburt-Erzurum route D.915 E97, connecting eastern Black Sea Region with Eastern Anatolia Region, at a distance of 36 km (22 mi) southeast of Bayburt and 72 km (45 mi) northwest of Erzurum.
It is difficult to keep the pass open to traffic in winter time due to snow and fog in harsh weather conditions. The Mount Kop Tunnel, which is being built west of the pass, bypasses the Kop Pass enabling also a shortcut. A monument of the Mount Kop Defense National Historic Park is situated on the summit of the mountain.
# Nasehabad, Kerman

Nasehabad (Persian: ناصح اباد, also Romanized as Nāşeḩābād) is a village in Ferdows Rural District, Ferdows District, Rafsanjan County, Kerman Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 302, in 75 families.
# Sprite

Sprite commonly refers to:
* Sprite (computer graphics), a smaller bitmap composited onto another by hardware or software
* Sprite (drink), a lemon-lime beverage produced by the Coca-Cola Company
* Sprite (folklore), a type of legendary creature including elves, fairies, and pixies
Sprite may also refer to:

## Comics

* Sprite (Eternal), a fictional member of the race of Eternals in the Marvel Universe
* Sprite (manga), a 2009 Japanese manga series
* Sprite, alias of the Marvel Comics character Kitty Pryde
* Sprite, alias of the Marvel Comics character Jia Jing
* Sprite comic, a webcomic that consists primarily of computer sprites from video games

## Computing and technology

* Sprite (computer graphics), an image integrated into a larger scene
* Sprite (operating system), an operating system developed at the University of California, Berkeley
* SPRITE (spacecraft), a proposed Saturn atmospheric probe mission
* SPRITE infrared detector, a specialist detector device using a process known as signal processing in the element
* De Havilland Sprite, a British rocket engine

## Vehicles

* Sprite (motorcycle), a historical British make of motorcycle
* Sprite-class tanker, a class of spirit tankers of the Royal Fleet Auxiliary
* Austin-Healey Sprite, a British car
* Austin-Healey Sebring Sprite, a modification
* Practavia Sprite, a British two-seat home-built training or touring aircraft
* Schweizer SGS 1-36 Sprite, an American sailplane design

## Zoology

* Sprite butterflies, certain skipper butterfly genera in subfamily Pyrginae, tribe Celaenorrhinini:
** Celaenorrhinus (typical sprites)
** Katreus (giant scarce sprite)
** Loxolexis (scarce sprites)
* Sedge sprite, a species of damselfly in the family Coenagrionidae
* Sprite possum, an extinct marsupial

## Other

* Sprite (lightning)
* Sprites (band), from the U.S.
* "Sprite", a song by Beat Crusaders on the album Sexcite!
* Sprite melon, a type of sweet melon cultivated in North Carolina
* Sprite (Dungeons & Dragons)
* Water sprite, the freshwater fern Ceratopteris thalictroides
# Kateryna Babkina

Kateryna Babkina (Ukrainian: Катерина Бабкіна) (born 22 July 1985) is a Ukrainian poet, short story writer, novelist, playwright and screenwriter. The winner of Angelus Central European Literature Award (2021).

## Career

Babkina was born in Ivano-Frankivsk, Ukraine in 1985. She attended Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv to study journalism and graduated in 2007, going on to work as a freelance journalist.
She worked as a contributing editor for Esquire in Ukraine (2012-2014). She also has had articles published in Focus, Business and Le Monde amongst others.
Babkina was the first Ukrainian author to have her readings at the Library of Congress, USA.
Her book My Grandfather Danced the Best won the 2021 Angelus Award. In 2022, Babkina's novella for children "Cappy and the Whale" was published in translation by Penguin Random House, UK. In April 2023, the e-book "Mom, do you remember?" was published in Ukrainian (Warstwy, Poland). In October 2023, the book "Mom, do you remember?" was published in Polish, translated by Bohdan Zadura. In July 2024, it was published in hardcover in Ukrainian by Bilka publishing house.

## Published work
### Poetry

* St Elmo's Fire (2002)
* The Mustard (2011)
* Painkillers and Sleeping Pills (2014)
* Charmed for Love (2017)
* Does not hurt (2021)

### Short story collections

* Lilu After You (2008)
* Schaslyvi holi lyudy (Happy Naked People) (2016)

### Novels

* Sonia (2013)
* My Grandfather Danced the Best (2019)

### Screenplays

* Evil, as part of the 2013 Kinofest NYC festival

### Plays

* Hamlet.Babylon (2016), an adaptation of Shakespeare's Hamlet

### Children's stories

* Harbuzovyi rik (The Pumpkin Year) (2014)
* Шапочка і кит (The Hat and the Whale) (2015)
* Girls's power (2018, co-authored with Mark Livin)
* Snow heaty (2022)

### Translated books

* poetry collection Ask for the same for all (Haver Laet Publishing House, Israel)
* novel Sonia (Warsztaty Kultury, Poland)
* novel Heute Fahre Ich nach Morgen (Haymon Verlag, Austria)
* a collection of short stories Szczęśliwi nadzy ludzie (Warsztaty Kultury Publishing House, Poland)
* short story collection Happy naked people (VINTAGEbooks, Cyprus)
* novel Nikt tak nie tańczył jak mój dziadek (Warsztaty Kultury Publishing House, Poland)
* novella for children Cappy and the Whale (Penguin Random House, UK)
* novel Moj deda je plesao bolje od svih (Blum izdavaštvo, Serbia)
# Casimir IV

Casimir IV may refer to:
* Casimir IV Jagiellon (1427–1492), King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania
* Casimir IV, Duke of Pomerania (1351–1377)
# Ban Ko

Ban Ko (Thai: บ้านเกาะ) may refer to several places in Thailand:
* Ban Ko, Bang Sai, Phra Nakhon Si Ayutthaya Province
* Ban Ko, Mueang Nakhon Ratchasima
* Ban Ko, Mueang Samut Sakhon
* Ban Ko, Mueang Uttaradit
* Ban Ko, Phrom Khiri, Nakhon Si Thammarat Province
* Ban Ko, Phra Nakhon Si Ayutthaya District