OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Oschiri

Oschiri (Gallurese: Óscari, Sardinian: Óscheri) is a comune (municipality) and former bishopric in the Province of Sassari in the Italian region Sardinia, located about 170 kilometres (110 mi) north of Cagliari and about 40 kilometres (25 mi) southwest of Olbia.
As of 31 December 2004, it had a population of 3,696 and an area of 215.5 square kilometres (83.2 sq mi).
The municipality of Oschiri contains the frazione (subdivision) San Leonardo.
Oschiri borders the following municipalities: Alà dei Sardi, Berchidda, Buddusò, Ozieri, Pattada, Tempio Pausania, Tula.

## Ecclesiastical history

    See Castro for namesakes

### Bishopric of Castro (di Sardegna)

Within the comune of Oschiri is the church of Nostra Signora di Castro, which was once the cathedral episcopal see of a diocese, centred on the now disappeared town of Castro. It was suffragan of the Metropolitan Archdiocese of Sassari.
The bishopric dates back to Byzantine times (circa 1000 AD), but the earliest mention of a bishop of Castro is of 1116, when an unnamed bishop of the see assisted at the dedication of the Basilica di Saccargia. In 1164, its bishop Atto dedicated a church in the locality of Aneleto and granted it in the following year to Camaldolese monks.
Castro later decayed, and the bishop's residence was transferred to Bono.
On 8 December 1503, the territory of Castro and that of two other dioceses were combined to form the new diocese of Alghero (now Alghero-Bosa). Today what was the territory of Castro is part of that of the diocese of Ozieri

### Titular see

Castro itself, no longer a residential bishopric, is listed by the Catholic Church as a titular see since its nominal restoration as a Latin Catholic titular bishopric in 1968, initially simply as Castro, since 1976 as Castro di Sardegna, avoiding confusion with sees named Castro in Lazio and in Puglia.
It has had the following incumbents, both of the lowest (episcopal) and intermediary (archiepiscopal) ranks : Titular Archbishop Giuseppe Pittau, Jesuits (S.J.) (1998.07.11 – 2014.12.26) Titular Bishop Alfonso Sánchez Peña, Claretians (C.M.F.) (1969.07.28 – 1997.07.11) Titular Bishop (2015.07.15 – ...) Dominicus Meier, Benedictine Order (O.S.B.), Auxiliary Bishop of Paderborn (Germany)
# Tulaja Fort

Tulaja Fort (Urdu: تلاجہ قلعہ) is a ruined fort in Soan Valley, Punjab, Pakistan.

## History

According to local sources, Tulaja Fort was founded five thousand years ago and was then named Til An Ja. The entrance to the fort was located in a cave. Only through the tunnel could the fort be accessed, as it was surrounded by large stones. The area used to receive water from the neighbouring creek.
In October 2021, a team of researchers found that the site is two thousand years old.
It is under the administration of the Tourism Development Corporation of Punjab, a department of the Government of Punjab, Pakistan.
# Abralia astrolineata

Abralia astrolineata is a species of enoploteuthid cephalopod that occurs in the waters around the Kermadec Islands in New Zealand. It is fairly large for this genus, growing up to 100 mm in mantle length.
It was first described in 1914 by Samuel Stillman Berry.
# David Allen Russell

David Allen Russell (December 10, 1820 – September 19, 1864) was a career United States Army officer who served in the Mexican–American War and the American Civil War. He was killed in action as a brigadier general in the Union Army.

## Early life

Russell was born in Salem, New York, the son of David Abel Russell, who was a member of the House of Representatives from 1835 to 1841, and his wife. During his final year in Congress, the senior Russell secured an appointment to the United States Military Academy for his son. The junior Russell graduated near the bottom of his class in 1845. His first assignment was with the U.S. 1st Infantry Regiment.
He transferred to the U.S. 4th Infantry Regiment where he served in Mexico. He was brevetted for gallantry and meritorious service at the Battle of Paso Ovejas and the Battle of Cerro Gordo. He was promoted to first lieutenant in 1848.
After the war, the 4th Infantry was sent to the Pacific Northwest. Russell fought in the Rogue River War and the Yakima War against local Native American tribes. He was promoted to captain in 1854.

## Civil War

In 1861, the 4th Infantry was recalled to the East and placed in the defenses around Washington, D.C. Russell joined the volunteer army and accepted a commission as colonel of the 7th Regiment Massachusetts Volunteer Infantry. Russell then served in the Peninsula Campaign and the Seven Days Battles. He was brevetted lieutenant colonel in the regular army for gallant and meritorious service.
In 1862, Russell was promoted to major in the regular army and assigned to the U.S. 8th Infantry Regiment. Still in command of the 7th Massachusetts, he fought in the Battle of Antietam. Later in 1862, Russell was promoted to brigadier general of volunteers and commanded a brigade during the Rappahannock campaign. He later fought at the Battle of Fredericksburg. Russell was primarily in reserve during the Battle of Gettysburg, but was brevetted colonel in the regular army shortly afterward.
In 1864, Russell fought in the Overland Campaign. He was mortally wounded later that year in the Shenandoah Valley during the Battle of Opequon, otherwise known as the Third Battle of Winchester, when he was struck by a shell fragment. On May 3, 1867, President Andrew Johnson nominated Russell for the grade of brevet major general in the regular army, to rank from the date of his death in the field, September 19, 1864, and the United States Senate confirmed the appointment on February 14, 1868.
He is buried in Salem, New York, in Evergreen Cemetery.

## In memoriam

Fort D. A. Russell in the Wyoming Territory, established in 1867, was named in Russell's honor; this post was renamed for Governor and U. S. Senator Francis E. Warren in 1930. Afterwards, Camp Marfa, established in 1911 near Marfa, Texas, became Fort D. A. Russell. This post was closed in 1945, during demobilization after World War II.
Gun Battery David A. Russell, located within Fort Stevens State Park in Hammond, Oregon, is also named in Russell's honor.
# İzmir International Fair

The İzmir International Fair (Turkish: İzmir Enternasyonal Fuarı) is the oldest tradeshow in Turkey, considered the cradle of Turkey's fairs and expositions industry, and is also notable for hosting a series of simultaneous festival activities. The fair and the festival are held in the compound of İzmir's vast inner city park named Kültürpark in the first days of September, and organized by İZFAŞ, a depending company of İzmir Metropolitan Municipality. The 87th İzmir International Fair took place between 7–16 September 2018. İzmir International Fair is also the most venerable member (since 1948) from Turkey of UFI, the association of the world's leading tradeshow organisers and fairground owners, as well as the major national and international associations of the exhibition industry, and its partners. The musical and other cultural events that accompany the commercial fair and that had actually started out as an auxiliary activity to attract popular interest for the event have become, over the years, a school by themselves.
The fair itself is not limited to a theme, the participants are generally simply required to expose products with export or import potential, although each year a specific field of activity, a country and a Turkish province is put in limelight. The 2006 fair, for example, had organic farming and renewable energy sources (RES) as main themes, with participants to the fair from Austria as privileged partners at international level, and those from Turkey's Denizli Province at national level. Fields of activity or expertise relating to such sectors as the automotive industry, electric tools and devices, electronics, working machinery and equipment, foodstuff and packaging have always been well represented in İzmir Fair.
The 2006 fair was expected to be visited by up to a million and a half people. 80 thousand meter squares of exposition space was used, 25 thousand of which is covered space. The venue of the event, Kültürpark, corresponds to the city quarters ravaged by the 1922 Great Fire of Smyrna.
# Frederick Salomon

Frederick (Friedrich) Charles Salomon (April 7, 1826 – March 8, 1897) was a German immigrant to the United States who served as a Union Army officer and general during the American Civil War. He was an elder brother of the Civil War-era Wisconsin Governor Edward Salomon.

## Biography

Frederick Salomon was born to a Jewish family in Ströbeck near Halberstadt, Prussia. After attending a gymnasium, he became a government surveyor, later a lieutenant of artillery, and in 1848 a pupil in the Berlin School of Architecture. Soon afterward, he emigrated to the United States, where he settled in Manitowoc, Wisconsin, as a surveyor. For four years, he was county register of deeds, and 1857-1859 he was the chief engineer with the Manitowoc and Wisconsin Railroad.
In 1861 he joined the Missouri 5th Infantry as captain under Gen. Franz Sigel and was present at Wilson's Creek. After three months of service, he was appointed colonel of the 9th Wisconsin Volunteer Infantry Regiment, and joined the "Indian Expedition" into Indian Territory (present day Oklahoma). He forcibly removed and arrested the commander of the expedition, Col. William Weer, due to drunkenness.
Salomon was appointed a brigadier general of volunteers on July 18, 1862, to rank from July 16, 1862, which was the date of confirmation of his appointment by the United States Senate. On September 30, 1862, he made an unsuccessful attempt to capture Newtonia, Missouri, during the First Battle of Newtonia. He commanded a division under Benjamin M. Prentiss of the victorious Union troops at the Battle of Helena, Arkansas. He was mustered out of service on August 24, 1865. On January 13, 1866 President Andrew Johnson nominated Salomon for appointment to the grade of brevet major general of volunteers to rank from March 13, 1865, and the United States Senate confirmed the appointment on March 12, 1866.
For several years, he was surveyor general of Utah Territory, where he died in Salt Lake City on March 8, 1897, and was buried in Mount Olivet Cemetery there. His grave can be found in Section E, Lot 7, Grave 7.
He was the brother of Edward Salomon, a Civil War-era governor of Wisconsin. Salomon was also the brother of Charles Eberhard Salomon, who became a brevet brigadier general in the Union Army.
# Petrovskaya, Kargopolsky District, Arkhangelsk Oblast

Petrovskaya (Russian: Петровская) is a rural locality (a village) in Kargopolsky District, Arkhangelsk Oblast, Russia. The population was 142 as of 2012. There are 3 streets.

## Geography

Petrovskaya is located 15 km north of Kargopol (the district's administrative centre) by road. Turovo is the nearest rural locality.
# William Fisher Pearson

William Fisher Pearson (1854 – 3 July 1888) was a 19th-century Member of Parliament in New Zealand.
Pearson was educated at Christ's College, Christchurch. He worked for the Bank of New Zealand for several years. His work there impressed John Coster, who took him to England to help start the New Zealand Shipping Company.
He was the son of pioneer runholder Joseph Pearson (1821–1901), one of the first pakeha to explore upper Waimakariri, for whom Lake Pearson is named and Sarah Parkinson, a sister of T. H. Parkinson, of Kaituna.
He represented the Ashley electorate from 1881 to 1888, when he died. He had been planning to retire at the 1887 election but changed his mind due to pressure from his constituents.
# Aircraft Transport and Travel

Aircraft Transport and Travel Limited, also known as AT&T was a British airline formed during the First World War, a subsidiary of Airco. It was the first airline to operate a regular international flight (between London and Paris). It is the oldest predecessor of British Airways.

## History

On 5 October 1916, Aircraft Transport and Travel (AT&T) was formed by George Holt Thomas. Using a fleet of former military Airco DH.4A biplanes, it operated relief flights between Folkestone and Ghent. On 15 July 1919, the company flew a proving flight across the English Channel, despite a lack of support from the British government. Flown by Lt. H. Shaw in an Airco DH.9 between RAF Hendon and Paris–Le Bourget Airport, the flight took 2 hours and 30 minutes, and cost £21 per passenger.
On 25 August 1919, the company used DH.16s to start a regular service from Hounslow Heath Aerodrome to Le Bourget, the first regular (daily) international service in the world. The airline soon gained a reputation for reliability, despite problems with bad weather. In November 1919, it won the first British civil airmail contract. Six Royal Air Force Airco DH.9A aircraft, modified with Napier Lion engines were lent to the company from October 1919, to operate the airmail service between Hawkinge and Cologne, which Aircraft Transport and Travel took over from the RAF on 15 August 1919. In 1920, they were returned to the Royal Air Force.
In February 1920, with its parent Aircraft Manufacturing Company Limited (Airco), AT&T, also known as Airco Air Express, became part of the BSA Group. It continued operations, under the control of Frank Searle of Daimler Hire.
As well as the London (Hounslow) to Paris service, AT&T also operated a Croydon Airport to Amsterdam service on behalf of KLM. On 17 May 1920, a DH.16 (G-EALU) of AT&T operated the first KLM service between London and Amsterdam.
AT&T continued to operate, but Daimler-BSA withdrew support, and overcome with debt in November 1920 it was placed in liquidation, and on 17 December 1920, it ran its last service. Early in 1921, its assets were purchased by Daimler and rolled with Daimler Air Hire Limited into a new company called Daimler Airway Limited which continued the services.
By 1921, six companies operated a London to Paris service, three French and three British. The French airlines were receiving subsidies from the French government, and in protest the three British airlines stopped services on 28 February 1921.

### Legacy

Through a series of takeovers and mergers, the modern-day British Airways traces part of its legacy back to Aircraft Transport and Travel. British Airways claims 1919 as its founding date, reckoning AT&T as its earliest corporate ancestor.

## Aircraft

* Airco DH.4
* Airco DH.4A
* Airco DH.6
* Airco DH.9
* Airco DH.9A
* Airco DH.9B
* de Havilland DH.16
* de Havilland DH.18
# Urus-Martanovsky District

Urus-Martanovsky District (Russian: Уру́с-Марта́новский райо́н; Chechen: Хьалха-Мартанан кӏошт, Ẋalxa-Martanan khoşt) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the fifteen in the Chechen Republic, Russia. It is located in the center of the republic. The area of the district is 650 square kilometers (250 sq mi). Its administrative center is the town of Urus-Martan. Population: 120,585 (2010 Census); 61,181 (2002 Census); 85,087 (1989 Soviet census). The population of Urus-Martan accounts for 40.7% of the district's total population.
# Parveen Masood Bhatti

Parveen Masood Bhatti (Urdu: پروین مسعود بھٹی) is a Pakistani politician who had been a member of the National Assembly of Pakistan, from March 2008 to May 2018.

## Political career

She was elected as a member of the Provincial Assembly of Punjab as a candidate of Pakistan Muslim League (N) on a reserved seat for women in 2002 Pakistani general election.
She was elected to the National Assembly of Pakistan as a candidate of Pakistan Muslim League (N) on a seat reserved for women from Punjab in the 2008 Pakistani general election.
She was re-elected to the National Assembly of Pakistan as a candidate of Pakistan Muslim League (N) on a reserved seat for women from Punjab in 2013 Pakistani general election.
# Mavromatis

Mavromatis or Mavrommatis (Greek: Μαυρομμάτης) is a Greek surname. In Greek,"μαύρα μάτια" means "black eyes" (i.e. having black irises). Notable people with the surname include:
* Sotiris Mavromatis
* Theofanis Mavromatis (born 1997), Greek footballer
* Frangiskos Mavrommatis
* Nikolaos Mavrommatis, Greek sport shooter
* Dmitri Mavrommatis
* Theofanus Mavromatis, known as Fan Noli
# Isaak Mints

Isaak Izrailevich Mints (Russian: Исаа́к Изра́илевич Минц, Ukrainian: Ісак Ізраїльович Мінц; 3 February 1896 – 5 April 1991) was the leading Soviet historian in the early and mid-twentieth century. In 1949 he lost most of his academic positions following a campaign against him by his colleague Arkady Sidorov that was part of the drive by Joseph Stalin to eliminate the "rootless cosmopolitans", most of whom were Jewish.

## Early life and education

Isaak Mints was born in Krynychky.

## Career

Mints was the leading Soviet historian in the early and mid-twentieth century. In 1949 he lost most of his academic positions following a campaign against him by his colleague Arkadiĭ Sidorov that was part of the drive by Joseph Stalin to eliminate the "rootless cosmopolitans", most of whom were Jewish. Despite this, in 1953 he arranged for Soviet Jews to write a letter to Pravda condemning Zionism, Israel, and the "doctors' plot".

## Death

Mints died in 1991.

## Selected publications

* Istoriia Velikogo Oktiabria (History of the Great October) (3 vols.)
# 2022 UAF Regions' Cup

2022 UAF Regions' Cup (Ukrainian: Кубок регіонів УАФ, Kubok rehioniv UAF) was the third season of the Ukrainian Association of Football renewed competition at regional level. The competition was conducted among football teams of Oblasts (regions) composed of players who compete at oblast championships (regional competitions).
The winner of the competition would represent Ukraine at the 2023 UEFA Regions' Cup.

## Bracket

| Round of 16 | Round of 16 | Quarterfinals | Quarterfinals | Semifinals | Semifinals | Final | Final |
| Lviv Oblast | 11 | | | | | | |
| Volyn Oblast | 0 | | | | | | |
| Volyn Oblast | 0 | Lviv Oblast | 4 | | | | |
| | | Vinnytsia Oblast | 1 | | | | |
| Vinnytsia Oblast (p) | 2(6) | Vinnytsia Oblast | 1 | | | | |
| Khmelnytskyi Oblast | 2(5) | | | | | | |
| Khmelnytskyi Oblast | 2(5) | | | Lviv Oblast | 3 | | |
| | | | | Poltava Oblast | 0 | | |
| | | Poltava Oblast | 2 | | | | |
| | | Donetsk Oblast | 1 | | | | |
| | | | | | | Lviv Oblast | 2 |
| | | | | | | Ivano-Frankivsk Oblast (a.e.t.) | 3 |
| | | Ivano-Frankivsk Oblast | 6 | | | | |
| | | Chernivtsi Oblast | 0 | | | | |
| | | | | Ivano-Frankivsk Oblast | 3 | | |
| | | | | Cherkasy Oblast | 0 | | |
| | | Cherkasy Oblast | 3 | | | | |
| | | Zhytomyr Oblast | 2 | | | | |
# Thynias

Thynias (Ancient Greek: Θυνιάς) was a town of ancient Thrace on the coast of the Pontus Euxinus on a promontory of the same name (modern İğneada Burnu), mentioned by numerous ancient authors. It was located north of Salmydessus, which was probably at one time in the territories of the Thyni, although Strabo speaks of the district as belonging to the people of Apollonia. According to Pliny the Elder, the town was placed a little to the south of the promontory.
Its site is located near İğneada in European Turkey.
# Ronald Gordon (cricketer)

Ronald Steuart Gordon (24 November 1876 – 31 October 1914) was a Scottish first-class cricketer and British Army officer.
The son of John Lewis Gordon, he was born at Elgin in November 1876 and was educated at Trinity College, Glenalmond. After completing his education, Gordon decided on a career in the British Army and attended the Royal Military College, Sandhurst. He graduated as a second lieutenant in January 1897, prior to his appointment to the Indian Staff Corps, to which he was appointed to the following year. Gordon was attached firstly to the 61st Pioneers, before transferring to the 57th Wilde's Rifles. He was promoted to lieutenant in April 1899. In August of the same year, he made a single appearance in first-class cricket for the Europeans cricket team against the Parsees at Bombay in the Bombay Presidency Match. Batting once in the match, he was dismissed for 8 runs by Kekhashru Mistry in the Europeans first innings. He served in the Boxer Rebellion in China in 1900. Promotion to captain followed in December 1905, with Gordon serving in the North-West Frontier Province in 1908 during the Mohmand Expedition, with Gordon present during the engagements at Matta and Kargha, for which he was mentioned in dispatches.
Gordon married Ruby Mary Moore at Melbourne in August 1914, with the couple departing Australia for British India the day after their wedding. With the start of the First World War in July 1914, the 57th Rifles were transferred to France, where they saw action at the Battle of Messines in October 1914. It was during this battle, on 30 October, that Gordon was killed in action while attempting to cover a German advance to allow the rest of his company to retreat. His body was never recovered from the battlefield and he is memorialised at the Menin Gate Memorial.
# Agkairia

Agkairia (Greek: Αγκαιριά) is a village and a community in the Cyclades. It is located in the southwestern corner of the island of Paros. At the 2021 census, the population of the village was 343, and of the community 1,302. The community consists of several villages and uninhabited islets. The main villages are Alyki (Greek: Αλυκή, pop. 708), Agkairia, Kamari (pop. 88) and Voutakos (pop. 81).

## Overview

Alyki is one of the larger villages on the island of Paros. Located on a small bay at the southwest corner of the island Alyki is home to several active fishermen. Some semi-retired fishermen and taverna owners catch octopus through the winter to supply the increased activity during the tourist season, primarily June through September.
For the village festival, 6 August, a large dance stage is set up on the central beach. Local musicians provide live music and all ages participate in the traditional and modern dancing. Other locals provide free food and drink, usually grilled small fish and local wine.
Alyki has a beach and an airport. The beach of Alyki is wide and sandy, with tamarisk trees. Due to the site, the beach is well protected from the winds. It is accessible by bus or by car.
# Tux-Zillertal

The Tux-Zillertal, German: Tux-Zillertaler, is an endangered Austrian breed of domestic cattle. It was created in 1982 when two similar Alpine breeds, the Tux and the Zillertal, were merged.$^{:317}$ The two names derive from those of the municipality of Tux in the Tuxertal, and of the neighbouring Zillertal, both in the Tirol region of Austria. The Tux-Zillertal may derive from the Swiss Hérens breed. Like the Hérens, it was long selected for the fighting ability of the cows, at the expense of productive characteristics.$^{:116}$

## History

The Tux-Zillertaler breed was created in 1982 by merging the remaining populations of the two similar Alpine breeds, the Tux and the Zillertal. Both breeds are similar to the Hérens breed of Switzerland, and are sometimes thought to have derived from it.$^{:116}$ The Tux breed was formerly common in Tyrol and in other parts of Austria. Today it is kept mainly in the Zillertal. In 1930 there were some 4500 head. By 1970 the number had fallen to 30, and systematic conservation efforts were begun.$^{:77}$ A study in 2002 found a total population of 471 head$^{:175}$ In 2014 a population of 1117–2500 was reported.

## Characteristics

The Tux-Zillertal is of medium size, powerfully built with a strong neck and strong black-tipped horns.$^{:77}$ The coat is black or red, with white markings on the pelvis, the root of the tail, the underbelly and on the udder. The black colour derives from the Tux breed, and the red from the Zillertal.$^{:76}$ The skin is dark, the nose and hooves black.$^{:77}$ The Tux-Zillertal is a frugal breed, well adapted to high mountain pastures.

## Use

As with the Hérens and Évolène breeds of Switzerland, cows are used for cow-fighting contests, and have long been selectively bred for this purpose rather than for productive characteristics, resulting in decreased milk performance. The milk has an exceptionally high fat content.$^{:76}$