OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Tipple

A tipple is a structure used at a mine to load the extracted product (e.g., coal, ores) for transport, typically into railroad hopper cars. In the United States, tipples have been frequently associated with coal mines, but they have also been used for hard rock mining.

## Operation

Basic coal tipples simply load coal into railroad cars. Many tipples had simple screening equipment to sort coal pieces by size before loading.$^{:20}$ A modern coal mine facility usually includes a coal preparation plant which washes coal of soil and rock, before loading it for transport to market. The term "tipple" may be used interchangeably with coal prep plant.
Tipples were initially used with minecarts, also called tubs or tram cars, or mine cars in the U.S. These were small hopper cars that carried the product on a mine railway out of the mine. When a mine car entered the upper level of the tipple, its contents were dumped through a chute leading to a railroad hopper car positioned on a track running beneath the tipple. At some facilities, each car was tipped over manually—thus the name, "tipple".$^{:4}$ In higher volume facilities, each car was placed in a machine called a rotary dump, which rotated the car to dump the coal or ore.
In the early 20th century, mine operators began using conveyor belts to load coal and ores into railroad cars, eliminating the use of mine cars. At some mines the conveyor loading facility is still referred to as a "tipple".
* A coal tipple in Clarksburg, West Virginia, in 1908
* Tipple at a Michigan copper mine in 1941
* A rotary dump of the Pittsburgh Coal Co.
* Coal tipple in Belmont County, Ohio, 1923
* Coal tipple in Blue Heron, Kentucky
# Daphnus (Bithynia)

Daphnus or Daphnous (Ancient Greek: Δαφνοῦς) was a town of ancient Bithynia, situated upon an island in a lake called Daphnusis near the Mysian Olympus. The lake Daphnusis is identified as that called Miletopolitis by other authors. The cult site, Apollon Daphnousios, which is near to the Akçapınar District of Nilüfer/Bursa may be related to this town. (The Katoikia of Daphnous and the Sanctuary of Apollon Daphnousios in the Territory of Apollonia ad Rhyndacum, Epigraphica Anatolia 21(1993):99-105). Another possible relationship can be established with the city of Daphnousiae, which is mentioned in the Notitiae Episcopatuum 3 and whose location is unknown.
Its site is located in Asiatic Turkey.
# Hapoel F.C. Hevel Modi'in

Hapoel F.C. Hevel Modi'in (Hebrew: הפועל מ.ס. חבל מודיעין) is an Israeli football club based in Hevel Modi'in Regional Council. The club is currently in Liga Gimel Central division.

## History

The club was founded in 2005 and joined Liga Gimel. The club made their only promotion to date at the end of the 2007–08 season, when they finished third in Liga Gimel Central division, and were promoted to Liga Bet after a spot was vacated in that league. However, the club spent only one season in Liga Bet, as they finished the 2008–09 season in the second bottom place of the South B division and dropped back to Liga Gimel.
The club finished the 2014–15 season as runners-up in Liga Gimel Central division, the best runners-up in Liga Gimel South divisions.
# Valuk (duke)

Valuk (Latin: Wallucus dux) was the slavic duke in the independent land of the Alpine Slavs or Carantania. The date of his reign is around 631. His name is more or less identical to the name of the Prince Valtunka, which can both be interpreted as government or ruler.
After the attempt to capture Constantinople in 626 failed, the Avars turned towards the west and attacked the territory settled by Slavs. The Slavs then united under their leader Valuk, and joined forces with Samo (the leader of a Slavic confederation of Czechs, Moravians, Slovaks, and Sorbs) to defend themselves against the Avars. Valuk was possibly the first Duke of Carantania. Carantania was the first Slavic state known to have been created. The capital was located at Karnburg, near Klagenfurt in present-day Austria. It is unknown if Valuk's bloodline was continued in that of the later Dukes of Carantania.

## Slavs Independent Territories under Valuk

At the latest after the weakening of Pannonian Avars in 626 (if not already in 623), Slavs in the Eastern Alps joined the Slavic tribal association of the Duke Samo. In 630, the Franks were also involved with the Lombards, which were bordered in Carantania as the territory in Samo's tribal union.
At that time, according to Fredegarii Chronicon in Pannonia, there was a dispute between the Avars and the Bulgarians, which resulted in the 9,000 Bulgarians under the leadership of their prince Alcioka first resorted to seek help from the Bavarians, but when they were almost all slaughtered on the orders of the Frankish King Dagobert. Approximately 700 survivors of the Bulgarians came to the land of the Slavs (marca Vinedorum) to the ruler of that place, the Duke Valuk (Wallucum ducem Vinedorum). Most likely, this is precisely the one Alcioka who went to Friuli with her escort in 662. The event with the Bulgarians reveals that Carantania was not subordinate to the Franks, the Lombards, nor the Avars at that time.
It is also possible that Valuk was the prince of the Alpine Slavs, where Arnefrit, the son of Friulian Duke Lupa, sought political asylum and alliance. In describing Arnefrit's withdrawal to the Slavs, Paul the Deacon claimed that he fled to the Slavs in Karnuntum, mistakenly called Karantanum (Carnuntum, quod corrupte vocifier Carantanum), which could mean that the land began to be called Carantania under Valuk's rule.
For the territory of the later Carniola, it was not known whether it was part of Samo's tribal union (within the Valuk authorities or separately), or was still under the jurisdiction of the Avars or no one else's territory.
# Metu, Ethiopia

Metu (Oromo: Mattuu) is a market town and separate woreda in south-western Ethiopia. Located in the Illubabor Zone of the Oromia along the Sor River, this town has a latitude and longitude of 8°18′N 35°35′E﻿ / ﻿8.300°N 35.583°E﻿ / 8.300; 35.583 and an altitude of 1605 meters. Metu was the capital of the former Illubabor Province from 1978 until the adoption of the new constitution in 1995.
Metu has been an important market of the coffee trade, with several foreigners residing in the town as early as the 1930s to buy the crops from local farmers. At this early date, the town was connected by telephone to Gore and Addis Ababa. The town's source of electricity is the nearby Sor Hydroelectric Station. The city also has a high school and hospital.
Metu is known for its local waterfalls, the best known being the Sor Falls and their surrounding forest with its wildlife.

## History

On 9 July 1927, the Greek nationals T. Zewos and A. Donalis were awarded a contract to link the town and Gore by road with Gambela, a distance of 180 kilometers. In the 1930s, Metu was the last stop before reaching Gore. At the time it was a center for mule caravans and later also as a terminal for the Ethiopian Transport Motor Company.
The private weekly Urji reported 11 July 1995 that some 400 prisoners reportedly escaped when a grenade was set off at the Bishari prison in Metu. The prison guards were killed immediately as well as at least six other people.

## Demographics

The 2007 national census reported a total population for Metu of 28,782, of whom 14,400 were men and 14,382 were women. The majority of the inhabitants practised Muslim, with 47.55% of the population reporting they observed this belief, while 26% of the population said they were Ethiopian Orthodox, and 26% were Protestant.

## Climate

Climate data for Metu (1971–2000) :
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 27.5 (81.5) | 28.9 (84.0) | 29.4 (84.9) | 29.3 (84.7) | 27.1 (80.8) | 25.1 (77.2) | 23.4 (74.1) | 23.6 (74.5) | 24.6 (76.3) | 25.7 (78.3) | 26.0 (78.8) | 27.0 (80.6) | 26.5 (79.6) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 9.1 (48.4) | 10.8 (51.4) | 12.4 (54.3) | 13.1 (55.6) | 13.5 (56.3) | 13.3 (55.9) | 13.1 (55.6) | 13.0 (55.4) | 12.9 (55.2) | 12.3 (54.1) | 10.2 (50.4) | 8.2 (46.8) | 11.8 (53.3) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 37.0 (1.46) | 38.0 (1.50) | 76.0 (2.99) | 88.0 (3.46) | 227.0 (8.94) | 272.0 (10.71) | 311.0 (12.24) | 294.0 (11.57) | 306.0 (12.05) | 140.0 (5.51) | 70.0 (2.76) | 28.0 (1.10) | 1,887 (74.29) |
| Average relative humidity (%) | 59 | 55 | 57 | 65 | 76 | 82 | 86 | 86 | 83 | 76 | 71 | 65 | 72 |
| Source: FAO ||||||||||||||
# Andiyskiy okrug

The Andiyskiy okrug was a district (okrug) of the Dagestan Oblast of the Caucasus Viceroyalty of the Russian Empire. The area of the Andiyskiy okrug is included in contemporary Dagestan of the Russian Federation. The district's administrative centre was Botlikh.

## Administrative divisions

The prefectures (участки, uchastki) of the Andiyskiy okrug in 1917 were:
| Name | 1912 population | Area |
| Gumbetovskiy prefecture (Гумбетовский участок) | 10,257 | 772.52 square versts (879.18 km$^2$; 339.45 sq mi) |
| Rayon pomoshchn. ego. (Район помощн. его.) | 6,630 | – |
| Kar.-Tekhnutsalskiy prefecture (Кар.-Технуцальский участок) | 13,209 | 1,135.79 square versts (1,292.60 km$^2$; 499.08 sq mi) |
| Rayon pomoshchn. ego. (Район помощн. его.) | 15,599 | – |
| Unkr.-Didoyevskiy prefecture (Ункр.-Дидоевский участок) | 5,063 | 1,244.14 square versts (1,415.91 km$^2$; 546.69 sq mi) |
| Rayon pomoshchn. ego. (Район помощн. его.) | 4,768 | – |

## Demographics
### Russian Empire Census

According to the Russian Empire Census, the Andiyskiy okrug had a population of 49,628 on 28 January [O.S. 15 January] 1897, including 24,537 men and 25,091 women. The majority of the population indicated Avar to be their mother tongue.
Linguistic composition of the Andiyskiy okrug in 1897 :
| Language | Native speakers | % |
| Avar-Andean | 48,637 | 98.00 |
| Chechen | 711 | 1.43 |
| Ukrainian | 84 | 0.17 |
| Russian | 64 | 0.13 |
| Kazi-Kumukh | 27 | 0.05 |
| Kumyk | 24 | 0.05 |
| Tatar | 15 | 0.03 |
| Armenian | 12 | 0.02 |
| Georgian | 12 | 0.02 |
| Dargin | 9 | 0.02 |
| Tat | 8 | 0.02 |
| Lithuanian | 5 | 0.01 |
| Polish | 5 | 0.01 |
| German | 1 | 0.00 |
| Kyurin | 1 | 0.00 |
| Other | 13 | 0.03 |
| TOTAL | 49,628 | 100.00 |

### Kavkazskiy kalendar

According to the 1917 publication of Kavkazskiy kalendar, the Andiyskiy okrug had a population of 57,875 on 14 January [O.S. 1 January] 1916, including 29,747 men and 28,128 women, 56,950 of whom were the permanent population, and 925 were temporary residents:
| Nationality | Number | % |
| North Caucasians | 57,555 | 99.45 |
| Russians | 278 | 0.48 |
| Other Europeans | 38 | 0.07 |
| Armenians | 4 | 0.01 |
| TOTAL | 57,875 | 100.00 |
# Kim Jong-chol (runner)

Kim Jong-chol (born 30 March 1972) is a North Korean long-distance runner. He competed in the men's marathon at the 2000 Summer Olympics.
At the 1999 Military World Games, Kim won the marathon silver medal behind Grzegorz Gajdus. After finishing 3rd at the 2000 Pyongyang Marathon, Kim placed 30th at the 2000 Olympic marathon. He returned to the Pyongyang Marathon the following year, placing 10th.
# Malcolm Mitchell (musician)

Malcolm Mitchell (London, 9 November 1926-Bognor Regis, 9 March 1998) was an English jazz guitarist and bandleader. His Mitchell Trio, with pianist Johnny Pearson and Teddy Broughton on bass, became well known supporting US jazzmen and singers touring in the UK but caught by the powerful local Musicians' Union ban on non-union foreign musicians. The Mitchell Trio played with acts including Duke Ellington, Hoagy Carmichael and the singer Maxine Sullivan.

## Recordings

* Debut, album 1955
# Jan Kuyckx

Jan Kuyckx (born 20 May 1979 in Hasselt) is a former Belgian racing cyclist.

## Major results
### 1997

    1st Junior National Time Trial Championships

### 1999

    1st U23 National Road Race Championships

### 2001

    1st Stage 10 Girobio
    3rd Zellik–Galmaarden

### 2003

    2nd Brussels–Ingooigem

### 2004

    1st Stages 1 & 3 Vuelta a La Rioja
    1st Stage 6 Tour of Austria

### 2005

    1st Stage 4 Tour of Belgium

### 2006

    2nd Halle–Ingooigem

### 2008

    1st Stage 1 Étoile de Bessèges
    2nd Paris–Tours

### 2010

    1st Grote 1-MeiPrijs
# Bohus granite

The Bohus granite (Swedish: Bohusgranit) is a type of granite that crops out along the Swedish West Coast in Bohuslän. In Norway the same granites are termed Iddefjord granite (Norwegian: Iddefjordsgranitt), Østfold granite and Halden granite. A large quarrying industry has developed around the granites, mainly producing blocks. Large scale extraction begun in the 1840s and employment in the quarries peaked in the 1920s with over 7,000 people working in the industry. The rock is valued for its durability. In the first half of the 20th century the transport of quarried Bohus granite was done with the aid of by the Lysekil Line. In Norway Iddefjord granite has been a relatively common rock in architecture, and many of the statues of Frogner Park in Oslo are made of Iddefjord granite. Iddefjord granite is the official county rock of Østfold in Norway.

## Geology

Geologically the Bohus is a monzogranite, a subtype of granite. Besides the main minerals plagioclase, K-feldspar and quartz the Bohus granites contain lesser amounts of magnetite, apatite, zircon, titanite, garnet and monazite. In restricted areas alteration of the original rock has added prehnite, calcite and chlorite to the mineral assemblage. The texture of the granites varies from fine grained to coarse grained. The granites have pegmatite dykes associated to them. In terms of geochemistry the rocks have a narrow range of high silica contents (68–75 wt% SiO$_2$) and are mildly peraluminous. The Bohus granites have also high uranium and thorium contents.
The magma that formed the granites cooled about 920 million years ago after the end of the Sveconorwegian orogeny. The intrusion of the Bohus granite was the last in a period of widespread intrusion of plutons in southwestern Sweden. The Bohus granites intruded and cooled in the brittle middle crust, later being rapidly exhumed so that by the time of the formation of the Sub-Cambrian peneplain in the Late Neoproterozoic the rocks were at surface. Subsequently, the granites were buried in sediments and then intruded by NNW-SSE oriented basic dykes in the Permian. In the Mesozoic the rocks were subject to significant weathering resulting in the formation an irregular grand-scale relief called the Sub-Mesozoic hilly peneplain. At a smaller scale the weathering is thought to have produced numerous small rock basins now seen near the coast.
# Wards of Ethiopia

A ward (Amharic: ቀበሌ, romanized: kʼebelē; Oromo: Gandaa; Tigrinya: ታቢያ, romanized: tābiyā, lit. 'neighbourhood') is the smallest administrative unit of Ethiopia: a ward, a neighbourhood or a localized and delimited group of people. Somali word that has meaning of collected people where water is fairly sufficient and available to prolongue their pastoralist livelihood. It is part of a district, itself usually part of a zone, which in turn are grouped into one of the regions or two chartered cities that comprise the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia.
Each ward consists of at least 500 families, or the equivalent of 3,500 to 4,000 persons. There is at least one in every town with more than 2,000 population. A district's representative had jurisdiction over to ward.
The ward, also referred to as a peasant association, was created by the Derg in 1975 to promote development and to manage land reform; they became a key element that the rival Ethiopian People's Revolutionary Party and MEISON fought each other, and the ruling Derg, to control during the Ethiopian Red Terror. The wards were retained as administrative units by the Transitional Government of Ethiopia upon the conclusion of the Ethiopian Civil War in 1991; ever since, their administrative role has expanded to include the provision of government services more broadly. As Human Rights Watch noted, ward officials determine eligibility for food assistance, recommend referrals to secondary health care and schools, and help provide access to state-distributed resources such as seeds, fertilizers, credit, and other essential agricultural inputs."

## Structure and functions

The lowest level of local government with limited autonomy there are the kebeles. They are at the neighbourhood level and are the primary contact for most citizens living in Ethiopia. Their administrative unit consists of an elected council, a cabinet (executive committee), a social court and the development and security staff. Kebeles are accountable to their woreda councils and are typically responsible for providing basic education, primary health care, agriculture, water, and rural roads. The kebeles are headed by cadres loyal to the political coalition who see the people's everyday lives. Therefore, they are also excellent for observing movements undesirable for the central government. However, the influence of the bosom is not unlimited and complete. The system is becoming less and less functioning at lower levels in fast-growing urban communities. OPDO in Oromia only introduced the sub-intestinal system in 2001, but it did not fully become operational until the 2005 elections.
# List of rural localities in Tambov Oblast

This is a list of rural localities in Tambov Oblast. Tambov Oblast (Russian: Тамбо́вская о́бласть, Tambovskaya oblast) is a federal subject of Russia (an oblast). Its administrative center is the city of Tambov. As of the 2010 Census, its population was 1,091,994.

## Locations

* Alexandrovka
* Bondari
* Bukari
* Donskoye
* Fonovka
* Gavrilovka 2-ya
* Glazok
* Inokovka
* Kotovskoye
* Lavrovo
* Lvovo
* Mozdok
* Petrovskoye
* Pichayevo
* Sampur
* Satinka
* Satino
* Shapkino
* Staroyuryevo
* Usovo
# Joe Adamik

Joseph Adamik (born 1972 in Chicago, IL) is a musician and composer best known for his involvement with the bands Califone and Iron & Wine. He has also performed since the early 1990s with many Chicago jazz musicians as well as recording and performing with many other groups across different genres.

## With Califone

Adamik joined Califone after the debut album Roomsound in 2000, playing many instruments on Quicksand/Cradlesnakes and went on to be a foundational member until 2013. Masserella and Adamik created a unique melodic approach with traditional drums and found objects such as chunks of metal.

## With Iron & Wine

In 2010, after recording on the Iron & Wine album, Kiss Each Other Clean, Adamik joined Iron & Wine and performed and recorded with the band till 2018.

## Jazz

Joe has performed at the Hungry Brain, Beat Kitchen, Old Town School of Folk Music, and Constellation.

## Other work

Adamik has also performed from a young age with many jazz artists, most notably as a member of pianist Bob Dogan's trio and quintet. He is also a rotating member of the experimental group, Extraordinary Popular Delusions. He also leads his own solo projects as well as the group Madness of Crowds (with Jim Baker and Brian Sandstrom from Extraordinary Popular Delusions) and the duo with former Califone bandmate, Jim Becker, entitled Lanzon.

## Education

Attending Glenbard South High School in Glen Ellen, IL, Adamik went on to study music at Roosevelt University's Chicago Musical College, leaving to pursue full time music employment, but finishing his music degree from Northeastern Illinois University in 2019. He also has a degree in economics from Northeastern Illinois University.

## Discography
### Solo recordings

* Super Low (2014)

### Group recordings
#### Califone

* Deceleration One (2002)
* Quicksand/Cradlesnakes (2003)
* Deceleration Two (2003)
* Heron King Blues (2004)
* Roots & Crowns (2006)
* All My Friends Are Funeral Singers (2009))

#### Iron & Wine

* Kiss Each Other Clean (2010)
* Sing into My Mouth (2015) *(with Ben Bridwell)
* Beast Epic (2017)
* Weed Garden (2018)

#### Lanzon

* Lanzon (2020)

#### Margot & the Nuclear So and So's

* Buzzard (2010)

#### John Vanderslice

* The Cedars (2019)

#### Manishevitz

* City Life (2003)

#### The Singleman Affair

* Silhouettes At Dawn (2011)

#### The Fire Show

* Saint the Fire Show (2002)

#### Flecton Big Sky

* The Bright Side of Dying (2008)

#### Orso

* Ask Your Neighbor (2008)

#### Terra Naomi

* Secret Songs (2018)

#### Madness of Crowds

* Tulips (2019)

#### Peabody & Sherman

* Gasoline Rainbows (2019)

#### Adam Busch

* River of Bricks (2015)

#### Light Industry

* Light Industry (2016)

#### for Standard Recording Company

* Of Great and Mortal Men: 43 Songs for 43 U.S. Presidencies (2008)

#### Denty/Westlake

* Etched (2003)
# Pantaleon of Pydna

Pantaleon (Greek: Πανταλέων) was a Macedonian hetairos from Pydna, who was appointed by Alexander the Great as phrourarch of Memphis in 331 BC.
# Diether Sweeck

Diether Sweeck (born 17 December 1993 in Leuven) is a Belgian cyclist, who last rode for UCI Cyclo-cross team IKO–Crelan.
Sweeck is the grandson of former cyclist Alfons Sweeck. His twin brother Laurens Sweeck and his older brother Hendrick Sweeck are also professional cyclists.

## Major results
### 2009–2010

    1st Villarcayo Juniors
    1st Medina de Pomar Juniors

### 2010–2011

    Under-23 Superprestige
       1st Hoogstraten
       2nd Hamme-Zogge
       2nd Middelkerke
    Under-23 Gazet van Antwerpen
       1st Hasselt

### 2011–2012

    1st Medina de Pomar

### 2013–2014

    3rd Zonnebeke

### 2014–2015

    Under-23 BPost Bank Trophy
       1st Hasselt
       2nd Loenhout
    1st Oostmalle Under-23
    2nd Nommay
    6th UEC European Under-23 Championships
    8th UCI Under-23 World Championships

### 2015–2016

    3rd Zonnebeke

### 2016–2017

    Toi Toi Cup
       2nd Uničov
    3rd Iowa City Day 3

### 2017–2018

    2nd Kasteelcross Zonnebeke
    Toi Toi Cup
       2nd Kolín
    2nd Las Vegas

### 2018–2019

    1st Iowa City Day 1
    Toi Toi Cup
       1st Mladá Boleslav
       1st Kolín
    3rd Zonnebeke
    3rd Vic

### 2019–2020

    Toi Toi Cup
       1st Kolín
       1st Uničov
    2nd Elorrio
    2nd Rochester Day 1
    2nd Rochester Day 2

### 2022–2023

    1st Brumath
# Chernikovo

Chernikovo (Russian: Черниково) is a rural locality (a selo) in Starooskolsky District, Belgorod Oblast, Russia. The population was 245 as of 2010. There are 14 streets.

## Geography

Chernikovo is located 21 km southeast of Stary Oskol (the district's administrative centre) by road. Ozerki is the nearest rural locality.
# Kyivskyi District, Donetsk

Kyivskyi District (Ukrainian: Київський район, romanized: Kyivskyi raion) is urban district of the city of Donetsk, Ukraine, named after the capital city of Ukraine, Kyiv.

## Places

* Monument to Joseph Kobzon and the Palace of Youth Yunost, 2013
* Monument of recovered patient
* Monument to Sergei Bubka in front of the RSK Olimpiisky, 2009
* Palm tree of Aleksei Mertsalov
* Monument to liberators at the Komsomol Park, 2010
* Pionerskaya Station of the Donetsk children railroad
* Donbas Exhibition Center
* Donetsk City shopping center
# Chothe Naga

Chothe Naga may refer to:
* Chothe people, of northeastern India
* Chothe language, their Sino-Tibetan language
# Maccagno con Pino e Veddasca

Maccagno con Pino e Veddasca (Ticinese: Macagn cont Pin e Vedasca) is a comune in the province of Varese, in Lombardy, Italy, that was formed on 25 May 2014 from fusion of the communes of Maccagno, Pino sulla Sponda del Lago Maggiore and Veddasca.
A referendum to create this comune was held on 1 December 2013. The referendum was passed with 77% yes and 33% no votes.
Maccagno con Pino e Veddasca borders the following municipalities: Brissago (Switzerland), Cannobio (VB), Curiglia con Monteviasco, Dumenza, Gambarogno (Switzerland), Luino, Ronco sopra Ascona (Switzerland), Tronzano Lago Maggiore. Its neighborhood of Maccagno Imperiale is one of I Borghi più belli d'Italia ("The most beautiful villages of Italy").