OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Minnatullah Rahmani

Minnatullah Rahmani (7 April 1913 – 20 March 1991) was an Indian Sunni Muslim scholar who served as the first General Secretary of All India Muslim Personal Law Board. He was an alumnus of Darul Uloom Nadwatul Ulama and Darul Uloom Deoband, and a member of Bihar Legislative Assembly. He also served as the General Secretary of the Jamiat Ulama Bihar. His father Muhammad Ali Mungeri was the founder of Nadwatul Ulama and his son Wali Rahmani established the Rahmani30 institute.

## Biography

Minnatullah Rahmani was born in Munger on 7 April 1913. His father Muhammad Ali Mungeri was a founding figure of the Nadwatul Ulama in Lucknow.
Rahmani received his primary education in Munger and went to Hyderabad, where he studied Arabic grammar, syntax and logic with Mufti Abd al-Lateef. He enrolled at the Darul Uloom Nadwatul Ulama and studied there for four years. In 1349 AH, he moved to Darul Uloom Deoband, where he studied Sahih Bukhari with Hussain Ahmad Madani and graduated from there in 1352 AH. His other teachers included Asghar Hussain Deobandi and Muhammad Shafi Usmani.
In 1935, Rahmani was appointed the General Secretary of the Jamiat Ulama Bihar. Abul Muhasin Muhammad Sajjad founded the Muslim Independent Party in 1935 and Rahmani was appointed as its member. Through it, he was elected as a member of Bihar Legislative Assembly in 1937. He was appointed as the Sajjada Nashin of Khanqah-e-Rahmani, Munger in 1361 AH and a member of the executive council of Darul Uloom Deoband in 1955, a post he served until his death. Alongside Muhammad Tayyib Qasmi, he played a key role in establishing the All India Muslim Personal Law Board and was appointed its first General Secretary on 28 December 1972, in the inception meeting. In 1964, he participated in the World Muslim Congress as a delegate of India. In 1945, Rahmani re-established the Jamia Rahmania, a well known madrassa in Munger, India. He died on 20 March 1991.

## Legacy

Rahmani's son Wali Rahmani established the Rahmani30 and formerly served as the general secretary of the All India Muslim Personal Law Board. Shah Imran Hasan wrote his biography Hayat-e Rahmani: Maulana Minnatullah Rahmani ki Zindagi ka Ilmi aur Tarikhi Mutala’a (English: The Life of Rahmani: A Study of Maulana Minatullah Rahmani’s Scholarly and Historical Legacy) which has a foreword from Akhtarul Wasey.
# Sally and Freedom

Sally and Freedom (Swedish: Sally och friheten) is a 1981 Swedish drama film directed by Gunnel Lindblom. Gunn Wållgren won the award for Best Actress at the 17th Guldbagge Awards.

## Cast

* Ewa Fröling as Sally
* Hans Wigren as Simon
* Leif Ahrle as Jonas
* Gunn Wållgren as Sally's Mother
* Oscar Ljung as Sally's Father
* Svea Holst as Sally's Grandma
* Gunnel Lindblom as Nora
* Kim Anderzon as Inger
# John Powell Ward

John Powell Ward (born 1937) is an English poet and academic. He is an Honorary Research Fellow in the College of Arts and Humanities at Swansea University.
John Powell Ward was born in Felixstowe, Suffolk. He studied at the University of Toronto and the University of Cambridge before embarking on an academic career in Swansea. Between 1977 and 1984, he was a regular presenter of the BBC radio programme Poetry Now, and from 1975 to 1980 he edited Poetry Wales. In 2012, an exhibition of his "Poetry or Type" concrete and experimental poetry was on view at the Hay-on-Wye Poetry Jamboree.
He is the father of the actor Tom Ward.

## Works
### Poetry

* The Other Man (Christopher Davies, 1969)
* To Get Clear (Poetry Wales Press, 1981)
* The Clearing (Poetry Wales Press, 1984)
* A Certain Marvellous Thing (Seren, 1993)
* Genesis (Seren, 1997)
* Late Thoughts in March (Seren, 1999)
* Selected and New Poems (Seren, 2004)
* The Last Green Year (Cinnamon Press, 2008)
* Instead Of Goodbye (Cinnamon Press, 2017)
* Religious Poems, Maybe (Cinnamon Press 2020)

### Criticism

* Social Reality for the Adolescent Girl (University of Wales, Swansea 1976)
* Poetry and the Sociological Idea (Harvester Press, 1981)
* Wordsworth's Language of Men (Harvester Press, 1984)
* Raymond Williams (University of Wales Press, 1984)
* The English Line (Macmillan, 1991)
* As You Like It (Harvester: Shakespeare New Readings, 1992)
* Thomas Hardy's Poetry (Open University Guides, 1993)
* The Poetry of R. S. Thomas (Seren Books: Poetry Wales Press, 1987)
* The Spell of the Song: Letters, Meaning, and English Poetry (Fairleigh-Dickinson University Press USA, 2004)

### Awards

* Poetry and the Sociological Idea, Welsh Arts Council Award for literary criticism, 1981
* The Clearing, Welsh Arts Council Award for poetry, 1984
* The Spell of the Song, Outstanding Academic Title Citation, American Libraries Association, 2004
# Workers' Socialist Movement (Bolivia)

The Workers' Socialist Movement (Spanish: Movimiento Socialista de los Trabajadores, abbreviated MST), known for many years as the Workers' Socialist Party (Partido Socialista de los Trabajadores, abbreviated PST), is a Trotskyist political party in Bolivia. PST/MST was affiliated to LIT-CI for a long period.

## Origins

PST emerged from a Morenoist fraction of the Socialist Party-1 of Marcelo Quiroga Santa Cruz in the late 1970s. Quiroga Santa Cruz had developed contacts with Trotskyists during his exile in Argentina, and invited Trotskyists to join his party. The PST was established, and legally recognized, as the Workers' Socialist Organization (Organización Socialista de los Trabajadores, OST) in 1980. The organization published El Chasqui (later renamed Chasqui Socialista).

## 1980s

In 1984 the PST had several delegates present at the sixth congress of Central Obrera Boliviana (COB), including factory workers from La Paz and teachers from Oruro.
PST held a party congress in the beginning of 1985, with 380 delegates.
When COB launched a general strike in March 1985, which was to last for 20 days, PST raised the slogan "All power to COB!".

## Later developments

MST appealed for blank votes in the 2010 local and regional elections.

## Leadership

Pablo Solón Romero was the main leader of PST during the 1980s. Other members of the party Executive Committee in the early 1980s were Amalia Pando Vega, Hernán Vilela Diez de Medina, Jaime Vilela Gutiérrez and Jorge de la Zerda Gueti. Whilst Solón (later the Ambassador of Bolivia to the United Nations) is no longer affiliated with the organization, Jaime Vilela Gutiérrez remains in the leadership of MST.

## Youth wing

MST has a youth wing, Socialist Youth (Juventud Socialista).
# Route summit

A route summit is the highest point on a transportation route crossing higher ground. The term is often used in describing railway routes, less often in road transportation. In canal terminology, the highest pound on a route is called the summit pound.

## Examples of usage
### Rail

* Beattock Summit
* Stainmore Summit, formerly the second highest railway in England until its closure in 1962
* Summit Tank - highest point Unanderra - Moss Vale
* Cullerin - highest point Sydney - Albury
* Shap
* This rail-transport related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
# Philip Gounis

Philip John Gounis (born February 1, 1948, Richmond Heights, Missouri) is an American poet, literary journalist, archivist, filmmaker, publisher, concert, and book reviewer.
Gounis first came into public awareness in the early 1970s when he and several colleagues filmed and presented a series of experimental films. These films were the product of the informal largess of the University of Missouri - St. Louis. During this period Gounis also began to publish his poetry in several alternative press outlets and read on KDNA FM radio. Some of the participants in these readings later formed the nucleus of River Styx Magazine.
In March 1976, he initiated a weekly blues program on KCLC radio at Lindenwood College in St. Charles, Missouri. "Crackerbox" featured recorded blues music spanning five decades and sometimes hosted guests such as Grammy winner Corky Siegel, Linda LaFlamme (It's a Beautiful Day), boogie- woogie virtuoso Rudy “Silver Cloud” Coleman, blues master Bob Case, and others. In June 1976 he began to host and produce “Verbatim”, a monthly showcase of poetry and music. Poets Donald Finkel, Jan Garden Castro, Carter Revard and Michael Castro were some of the poets featured.
In the early 1980s Gounis contributed to the work of the Soulard Culture Squad. This group of poets and musicians performed throughout the historic Soulard area and published several poetry collections.
In 1988, he co-founded a magazine of politics and popular culture, Steamshovel Press with the impetus of publishing an interview with Ram Dass. At the end of the decade and into the ’90s he took part in radio programs such as Off The Beaten Path, Poetry Beat and Literature for the Halibut on KDHX FM in St. Louis, Missouri. Some of the transcripts of his interviews done in conjunction with these programs are available at the Washington University in St. Louis Department of Special Collections Olin Library. In summer 2005 Intangible Studios released the CD, Form Matters on which Gounis collaborated with musician Rich Kruse. Some Of These Have Appeared, a chapbook of poetry was published spring 2007. In the summer of 2010 Gounis' work appeared in Flood Stage: An Anthology of Saint Louis Poets. His second chapbook, Upgrading the Allusion was published by JK Publishing in April, 2011.
# Miniature Zebu

The Miniature Zebu is a modern American breed of zebuine miniature cattle. It is a rare breed of Zebu that is critically endangered. A breed association was established in 1991.$^{:245}$

## History

India has numerous traditional breeds of very small zebuine cattle, such as the Vechur breed of southern Kerala.$^{:321}$ These may be collectively known as nadudana, "small cattle".
The Miniature Zebu was established as a breed in the United States with the formation of the International Miniature Zebu Association, a breed registry, in 1991.$^{:245}$ At that time, there were small zebuine cattle in twenty-three American zoos, and others were held by some fifty private owners. The parent stock had originally been imported from Brazil, the Dominican Republic and Sweden. By 2016 more than 6200 animals were registered.$^{:245}$

## Characteristics

The maximum withers height permitted for registration is 107 cm (42 in).$^{:245}$
# Nehenjeh

Nehenjeh (Persian: نهنجه, also Romanized as Nahanjeh; also known as Nanjeh and Nenjeh) is a village in Tork-e Gharbi Rural District, Jowkar District, Malayer County, Hamadan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 202, in 56 families.
# Koleh Bid, Hamadan

Koleh Bid (Persian: كله بيد, also Romanized as Koleh Bīd and Kolahbīd) is a village in Jowzan Rural District, in the Central District of Malayer County, Hamadan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 70, in 19 families.
# Shahidabad, Qaleh Ganj

Shahidabad (Persian: شهيداباد, also romanized as Shahīdābād) is a village in Sorkh Qaleh Rural District, in the Central District of Qaleh Ganj County, Kerman Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 108, in 27 families.
# Oboronprom

OPK Oboronprom (Russian: ОПК Оборонпром) was a Russian aerospace holding company. The company was involved in helicopter production, engine production, air-defence systems, complex radio-electronic systems and leasing. Russian Helicopters, Oboronprom’s helicopter manufacturing group is the leading Russian designer and manufacturer of rotary-wing aircraft equipment.
Oboronprom was dissolved in January 2018. All of its assets were transferred to Rostec.

## Ownership

The capital structure of the company is as follows:
* 50.24% Rostec.
* 38.44% Russian Federation.
* 4.73% RSK MiG.
* 4.41% Republic of Tatarstan.
* 1.81% Rosoboronexport.
* 0.36% Rostvertol.

## Sanctions

Sanctioned by the United Kingdom since 2014.
In March 2022, as a result of the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine the EU imposed sanctions on OPK Oboronprom.

## Organisation

As of 2016, Oboronprom has stakes in or controls the following entities:
* Stankoprom
* Avtocomponents
* United Engine Corporation
* Russian Helicopters
* Stankoimport
* St. Petersburg OJSC Red October
* Ural Works of Civil Aviation
* Center for Management of Non-core Assets OPK Oboronprom
* Perm Motors - Real Estate
* Savelovsky Machine Building Plant
* Arsenyev Aviation Company Progress
* Moscow Helicopter Plant
* Ulan-Ude Aviation Plant
* Stupino Machine-Building Production Enterprise
* Kamov
* Kazan Helicopter Plant
* Moscow Machine Building Plant named after V.V. Chernyshev
* Ufa Engine-Building Production Association
* NPP Motor
* JSC Kuznetsov
* Helicopter Service Company
* NPO Saturn
* Klimov
* Kumertau Aviation Production Enterprise
* ODK-STAR
* Aviadvigatel
* Center of Technological Competence Blades of gas turbine engines
* UDK-Perm Motors
* Instrumental Plant-PM
* REMOS-Perm Motors
* Railwayman-Perm Motors
* Metalist - Perm Motors
* Energetik - Perm Motors
* Motorservice-PM
* ODK-Gas Turbines
* Aviation gearboxes and transmissions - Perm motors
* P.J.J. Ummels Beheer B.V.
* ODK Gas Turbines B.V.
* Metalist-Samara
* Volzhsky Diesel named after Maminykh
* MAG-RT
* LIC Servicing Company
* International Helicopter Programs
* Integrated Helicopter Services
* International RotorCraft Services FZC
* Rostov Helicopter Production Complex
* Rostvertol
* BP Technologies
* Procurement and Logistics Center
* Omsk Motor-Building Design Bureau
* Management Company Vereiskaya 29
* 12 Aircraft Repair Plant
* 356 aircraft repair plant
* 419 aircraft repair plant
* 150 aircraft repair plant
* 810 aircraft repair plant
* 218 Aviation Repair Plant
* Aramil Aircraft Repair Plant
* 570 aircraft repair plant
* 712 Aircraft Repair Plant
* Research and Production Center for Gas Turbine Construction Salyut
* Kazan Optical and Mechanical Plant

## Products
### Helicopters

Russian Helicopters' products include:
* Kamov Ka-27
* Kamov Ka-31
* Kamov Ka-52
* Kamov Ka-62
* Kamov Ka-226
* Kazan Ansat
* Mil Mi-8
* Mil Mi-17
* Mil Mi-24
* Mil Mi-26
* Mil Mi-28
* Mil Mi-34
* Mil Mi-38
* Mil Mi-54
* VRT500
A fifth generation helicopter is currently under development.
# Golunak

Golunak (Persian: گلونك, also Romanized as Golūnak and Gulūnak; also known as Golūnūk) is a village in Fasharud Rural District, in the Central District of Birjand County, South Khorasan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 25, in 10 families.
# Thomas Jack (athlete)

Thomas Jack (5 February 1881 – 9 October 1961) was a British track and field athlete. He competed at the 1908 Summer Olympics.

## Biography

Jack finished third behind Alexander Duncan in the 10 miles event at the 1908 AAA Championships.
At the 1908 Olympic Games, he competed in the men's marathon event but failed to finish.
# Ringamålako

The Ringamålako is an endangered Swedish breed of dairy cattle. It is named for the village of Ringamåla in the southern Swedish county of Blekinge, and is found primarily in southern Sweden. It is similar to the type of Swedish Red-and-White cattle of the 1940s, and is considered a valuable genetic resource.

## History

The Ringamålako is a traditional domestic Swedish breed. It is named for the småort of Ringamåla [sv] in the southern Swedish county of Blekinge, where a farming couple had maintained a closed herd of the animals for more than forty years. It is thought to be similar to the type of Swedish Red-and-White (Swedish: Svensk Röd och Vit Boskap or SRB) cattle that was raised in the 1940s. Like the Swedish Red-and-White, it derives from the former Swedish Red Pied and Swedish Ayrshire breeds. The Ringamålako population was isolated from other dairy breeds for many years, and is considered to be a valuable genetic resource. There is a programme of recovery and conservation of the breed. The Ringamålako herd-book was established in 1993.
The Ringamålako is grouped with two other endangered indigenous cattle breeds, the Väneko and the Bohuskulla, as Allmogekor, or roughly "Swedish native cattle".$^{:307}$ Conservation and registration of these populations is managed by a society, the Föreningen Allmogekon.
Two lines or sub-types within the breed are conserved at the Kulturens Östarp [sv] open-air museum near Veberöd in Lund Municipality, in Skåne County: the Rögnarrödsko is a red-coated type derived from a small herd found near Ljungbyhed in Klippan Municipality of Skåne in 2009, while the Granemålako, mostly black, descends from a group identified in Granemåla, in Karlskrona Kommun of Blekinge, in 2004.
In 2014 the total Ringamålako population was reported to be 164.

## Characteristics

The coat of the Ringamålako is multi-coloured red and white. Bulls weigh approximately 750 kg, cows about 500 kg.

## Use

The Ringamålako is a dual-purpose breed, kept both for its milk and for its meat; it is, however, not very productive. The only breeding aim is preservation of the breed without contamination from other breeds. It is maintained as a genetic resource for the Swedish Red-and-White, and for social and cultural reasons. It may be used in vegetation management.
A small number are kept, together with sheep of the endangered Roslag breed, at pasture at the Bokö Nature Reserve [sv] in the Östergötland archipelago.
# Vasilios Zarkadis

Vasilios Zarkadis (Greek: Βασίλιος Ζαρκάδης) was a Greek fencer and footballer. He won a bronze medal in football as part of the Greek team at the 1906 Intercalated Games.
# Nong Bon, Bangkok

Nong Bon (Thai: หนองบอน, pronounced) is a khwaeng (subdistrict) of Prawet District, in Bangkok, Thailand. In 2020, it had a total population of 41,429 people.
# Mangelia labratula

Mangelia labratula is an extinct species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Mangeliidae.

## Description

The length of the shell attains 4 mm..

## Distribution

This extinct marine species was found in Eocene strata of the Paris Basin, France.
# Jane Bess

Jane Bess was a German screenwriter. Following the rise to power of the Nazi Party in 1933, she went into exile in the Netherlands.

## Selected filmography

* Yellow Star (1922)
* Fratricide (1922)
* The Cigarette Countess (1922)
* Shame (1922)
* The Heart of Lilian Thorland (1924)
* The Morals of the Alley (1925)
* The Golden Butterfly (1926)
* Unmarried Daughters (1926)
* The Divorcée (1926)
* The Queen of the Baths (1926)
* Sword and Shield (1926)
* State Attorney Jordan (1926)
* Radio Magic (1927)
* The Woman with the World Record (1927)
* The Story of a Little Parisian (1928)
* A Girl with Temperament (1928)
* The Beloved of His Highness (1928)
* Who Invented Divorce? (1928)
* The Woman in the Advocate's Gown (1929)
* The Circus Princess (1929)
* Alarm at Midnight (1931)
* The Cross-Patch (1935)
# Uyadybash

Uyadybash (Russian: Уядыбаш; Bashkir: Уяҙыбаш, Uyaźıbaş) is a rural locality (a village) in Verkhnetatyshlinsky Selsoviet, Tatyshlinsky District, Bashkortostan, Russia. The population was 26 as of 2010. There is 1 street.

## Geography

Uyadybash is located 5 km southwest of Verkhniye Tatyshly (the district's administrative centre) by road. Verkhniye Tatyshly is the nearest rural locality.
# Cis-action

Cis-action or cis-acting is a vague term that, in general, means "an action on the same" in contrast to trans-action "an action on a different". In other words, the initiator of the action is affected by it. Cis-actions occur wherever circular dependencies are present. Most notably in:
* biology, where it refers to life itself as in the selfish gene, cis-acting genetic elements and self-maintenance as a trait of self-replicating entities;
* chemistry, where it is known as autocatalytic set.
* Software engineering, as in computer viruses.
# Rolandas Kalinauskas RK-5 Ruth

The Rolandas Kalinauskas RK-5 Ruth, also called the Viltis (English: hope), is a Lithuanian light aircraft, designed and produced by Rolandas Kalinauskas, of Prienai. The aircraft is supplied as a complete ready-to-fly-aircraft.

## Design and development

The RK-5 is derived from the Rolandas Kalinauskas RK-3 Wind. The RK-5 features a strut-braced high wing, a four-seat enclosed cabin accessed via doors, fixed tricycle landing gear and a single engine in tractor configuration.
The aircraft fuselage is made from welded steel tubing supplemented by wooden stringers, while the wing is of wooden structure, all covered in doped aircraft fabric. The 11 m (36.1 ft) span wing has an area of 15.2 m$^2$ (164 sq ft) and mounts flaps. The wing is supported by a single strut on each side with a single jury strut. The standard engine employed is the 140 hp (104 kW) Avia M 332 four-cylinder, inverted, air-cooled, supercharged, inline, four-stroke powerplant.
The aircraft has an empty weight of 450 kg (990 lb) and a gross weight of 900 kg (2,000 lb), giving a useful load of 450 kg (990 lb). It is supplied with a wide range of standard equipment, including leather seats and tinted windows.

## Specifications (RK-5)

Data from Bayerl and Tacke
General characteristics
* Crew: one
* Capacity: three passengers
* Wingspan: 11 m (36 ft 1 in)
* Wing area: 15.2 m$^2$ (164 sq ft)
* Empty weight: 450 kg (992 lb)
* Gross weight: 900 kg (1,984 lb)
* Fuel capacity: 130 litres (29 imp gal; 34 US gal)
* Powerplant: 1 × Avia M 332 four cylinder, inverted, air-cooled, supercharged, inline four-stroke aircraft engine, 100 kW (140 hp)
* Propellers: 2-bladed wooden, electrically adjustable, 1.8 m (5 ft 11 in) diameter
Performance
* Maximum speed: 230 km/h (140 mph, 120 kn)
* Cruise speed: 195 km/h (121 mph, 105 kn)
* Stall speed: 62 km/h (39 mph, 33 kn)
* Rate of climb: 4 m/s (790 ft/min)
* Wing loading: 59.2 kg/m$^2$ (12.1 lb/sq ft)
# Severny District, Orenburg Oblast

Severny District (Russian: Се́верный райо́н) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the thirty-five in Orenburg Oblast, Russia. It is located in the northwest of the oblast. The area of the district is 2,100 square kilometers (810 sq mi). Its administrative center is the rural locality (a selo) of Severnoye. Population: 15,012 (2010 Census); 18,511 (2002 Census); 20,799 (1989 Soviet census). The population of Severnoye accounts for 29.5% of the total district's population.
# Queensland C15 class locomotive

The Queensland Railways C15 class locomotive was a class of 2-8-0 steam locomotives operated by the Queensland Railways.

## History

In 1879, the Queensland Railway’s Southern & Western Railways took delivery of one Baldwin Locomotive Company 2-8-0 locomotive, being placed in service as no. 41 hauling services up the Main Range.
A similar example as imported jointly by JA Overend and Company and Garget and Company for sections 1 and 2 of the Stanthorpe extension. It was purchased by the Queensland Railways entering service as no. 42. No. 41 was transferred to the Great Northern Railway (Townsville), returning south in 1886 as no. 104. Both were reboilered in 1900. They were similar to the New Zealand Railways T class.
Per Queensland Railway's classification system they were designated the C15 class, the C representing they had four driving axles, and the 15 the cylinder diameter in inches.

## Class list

| Works number | Southern & Western Railway number | Great Northern Railway number | Queensland Railways number | In service | Notes |
| 4602 | 41 | 1 | 104 (from 1886) | December 1879 | Written off 1926 |
| 4730 | 42 | | 42 | 1881 | Written off 1916 |
# Giv, Markazi

Giv (Persian: گيو, also Romanized as Gīv; also known as Gīr) is a village in Ashtian County, Markazi Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 572, in 165 families.