OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Legal transaction

A legal transaction or transactional act (German: Rechtsgeschäft, literally ‘legal business’; Latin: negotium juridicum), under German jurisprudence, is the main type of lawful legal act (also known as an act-in-the-law, act at law, or juridical act) ‘by which legal subjects can change the legal positions of themselves or other persons intentionally’. The concept is important in civil law jurisdictions based on or influenced by the German law of obligations, like Austria, Switzerland, Greece, Turkey, South Korea, and Japan. It also makes its appearance in a few Napoleonic jurisdictions that have partially received German legal theory, like Italy or Portugal.
The concept is a product of German jurisprudence and was developed as an alternative to the French-based dualism between legal fact vs. legal act. German legal theory rejects the notion of the legal fact (juristische Tatsache, Rechtstatsache, Latin factum iuridicum); thus, there is only the legal act (Rechtshandlung, Latin actus iuridicus), which is divided into lawful and unlawful legal acts. Of the three types of lawful acts (i.e. transactional, quasi-transactional, and de facto acts), the transactional act is the main category.
A transactional act is any voluntary manifestation of intention that creates the legal effects that the actor(s) specifically intended to bring about. Transactional acts include most of the unilateral and multilateral acts that are contemplated by the law. The main types are:
* Verpflichtungsgeschäft - constitutive transaction, i.e. any act that creates (or ‘constitutes’) an obligation
** examples: contract, gift, agency (actual authority), will, marriage, adoption, etc.
* Verfügungsgeschäft - dispositive transaction, i.e. any act that either transfers or extinguishes (or ‘disposes of’) an obligation
** examples: conveyance, assignment, delivery (of a movable), encumbrance, debt release or cancellation
* Gestaltungsgeschäft - potestative transaction, i.e. any unilateral act that creates a new potestative right (Gestaltungsrecht), or modifies and/or abolishes an existing legal relationship
** examples: rescission, will contest, giving notice (of quitting a job), letting a statute of limitations run out, abandonment (of property, etc.)
A transactional act can be distinguished from the other lawful legal acts, i.e. the quasi-transactional act (rechtsgeschäftsähnliche Handlung) and the de facto act (Realakt). The quasi-transactional act, though voluntary and intended, brings about legal effects that are not necessarily intended or sought out. The most obvious examples are quasi-contracts such as unjust enrichment, negotiorum gestio, and indebiti solutio, as well as acknowledgments, depositions, and the carrying out of a fiduciary duty. A de facto act is involuntary and lacks any overt intentionality; instead it comes about by accident (i.e. force majeure) or is construed from the circumstances (even when they contradict an actor's express will). Some examples of the latter include a constructive trust, partnership by estoppel, and agency under apparent authority.
# Muhsin Ertuğrul Stage

Muhsin Ertuğrul Stage (Turkish: uhsin Ertuğrul Sahnesi) is a theatre venue in Ankara, Turkey. It is owned by Mamak Municipality and operated by the Turkish State Theatres. It is named in honour of the Turkish stage actor and director Muhsin Ertuğrul (1892–1979).
The theatre is situated inside the Mamak Cultural Center (Turkish: Mamak Kültür Merkezi) on Talatpaşa Boulevard 167 at Dikimevi, Mamak, Ankara. The interior was renovated and the technical infrastructure was modernized by preserving the theatre's historic texture. The auditorium has a total seating capacity of 288, including 50 box seats.
The theatre is generally home to performances of municipal actors, choirs and folk dance groups. It hosts also activities of local foundations, associations and schools. It is among the official venues of Turkish State Theatres.

## Some notable past productions

* Sevgili Doktor (The Good Doctor) by Neil Simon after Anton Chekhov (2016)
# Germame Neway

Germame Neway (Ge'ez: ገርማሜ ንዋይ; 14 August 1924 – 24 December 1960) was an Ethiopian politician known for his role in 1960 Ethiopian coup d'état attempt. He was leader of the Wolayita province, and the Somali province. Germame was a member of the aristocracy of Shewa. He died by suicide on 24 December 1960.

## Background

Of ethnic Amhara heritage. Germame was born in Addis Ababa in 1924. After his primary and secondary education in the prestigious Teferi Mekonnen School and Haile Sellassie I School in Addis Ababa, he went to the United States for further studies. He graduated with a Bachelor of Arts at Wisconsin University and Master of Arts in social science at Columbia University in 1954.
Germame was a progressive and activist governor who was frustrated in his attempts to improve the standard of living of the subjects in the districts he was assigned to govern, and grew to resent the absolutist and feudal central government under Emperor Haile Selassie.
In 1958, Germame was appointed as the governor of Wolaita province, but he stayed only for one year here, and in 1959 transformed to govern the Ogaden region. Also in this region, Germame led only for one year. Though he led a reform in these two places, the people opposed his administration and that put him into short term of leadership. When Germame had attempted to encourage the Oromo inhabitants of Wellamu to build roads, bridges, and schools, he was opposed by the local landlords who agitated for his replacement. Germame was then reassigned to Jijiga, where he "was immediately confronted with the abject poverty and underdevelopment of the region and with obvious signs of official neglect." The obstructions Germame encountered even in remote posts within the empire convinced him of the need to overthrow Selassie's regime.

## Coup

Gemame became grieved for the action that taken upon him by Haile Selassie. Following this he also participated in the 1960 Ethiopian coup d'état attempt. Germame committed suicide on 24 December 1960 when he and his brother Mengistu Neway, were surrounded by the army near Mojo, Ethiopia.
# Çay railway station

Çay railway station (Turkish: Çay istasyonu) is a railway station in Çay, Turkey. TCDD Taşımacılık operates a daily inter-city train from İzmir to Konya which stops at the station at night. The station is located just off the D.675 state highway, 4 km (2.5 mi) north of the town of Çay.
Çay station was built in 1896 by the Ottoman Anatolian Railway.
# Vincent Garos

Vincent Garos (born 1 June 1982 in Nantes) is a retired French sailor, who specialized in two-person dinghy (470) class. He represented France, along with his partner Pierre Leboucher at the 2012 Summer Olympics, and also became a member of the French national sailing team for five years before retiring shortly after the Games. Throughout most of his sporting career, Garos has been training for Ouest Nautical Sport Club (French: Sport Nautique de l'Ouest) under his personal coach Didier Bernard.
Garos qualified as a crew member for the French squad in the men's 470 class at the 2012 Summer Olympics in London by finishing sixth and receiving a berth from the ISAF World Championships in Perth, Western Australia. Teaming with his partner Leboucher in the opening series, the French duo fell behind the pack on the early races, but sailed smoothly at the very end to achieve a creditable seventh position against a fleet of twenty-seven boats with an accumulated net score of 90 points.
Shortly after the Games, Garos decided to retire from sailing to embark upon his formal business career role in the sport sector. Whilst training and competing for the sport, Garos completed a Bachelor of Arts in material sciences and engineering, worked part-time in the technical sales department of an industrial company and fulfilled a one-year contract in the navy.
# Yes (Fat Joe, Cardi B and Anuel AA song)

"Yes" (stylized in all caps) is a song by American rappers Fat Joe and Cardi B and Puerto Rican rapper Anuel AA. The song was released on September 6, 2019, as the second single from Fat Joe and Dre's collaborative album, Family Ties (2019).

## Background and composition

About the creation of "Yes", Fat Joe said that "this one is special, you know what I'm sayin? Puff Daddy told me and Cool way back in the day that every hit record has a story, and geeze ... let's just put it this way: This one was months in the making, but it was worth the wait ... I think y'all really gonna fuck with it".
"Yes" is a bilingual hip hop song, with Anuel AA's verse being entirely in Spanish. Cardi B rebrands herself as “La Caldi” on the song.
"Yes" uses a sample of the 1972 hit song "Aguanilé", by salsa musicians Héctor Lavoe and Willie Colón, throughout the song.

## Charts

| Chart (2019) | Peak position |
| US Bubbling Under Hot 100 Singles (Billboard) | 15 |
| US Rhythmic (Billboard) | 23 |

## Certifications

| Region | Certification | Certified units/sales |
| United States (RIAA) | Gold | 500,000$^‡$ |
| $^‡$ Sales+streaming figures based on certification alone. |||

## Release history

| Region | Date | Format | Label |
| Various | September 6, 2019 | Digital downloadstreaming | RNGEmpire |
# Monastery of Christ in the Desert

The Monastery of Christ in the Desert is a Benedictine monastery in Abiquiu, New Mexico. It belongs to the English Province of the Subiaco Congregation.
It is located in the Chama River Canyon Wilderness area 75 miles north of Santa Fe. It is accessible by Forest Road 151, a 13-mile dirt road off of US route 84.

## History

The monastery was founded in 1964 by Aelred Wall, O.S.B., with monks from the Benedictine Mount Saviour Monastery in Pine City, New York. In 1983 the monastery was received into the English Province of the Subiaco Congregation as a Conventual Priory, and in 1996, it became an autonomous Abbey. As of 2019, there were about thirty monks. While members of the community are from a number of countries, English is the common language of the house.
In 1995 the monastery started an internet web design service called "scriptorium@christdesert". The web scriptorium was very successful and drew coverage from the Associated Press and The New York Times, Time, and other media outlets. The web scriptorium closed down in 1998 when it became apparent that their work as web designers distracted from their vocations as monks.
In 2006 the monastery was the setting for a Discovery Channel episode of the TLC documentary series entitled The Monastery. The series followed the experiences of five laymen who lived in the monastery and observed the monastic way of life for forty days.
The original monastery was designed by George Nakashima. It is powered by propane and solar panels. The monastery maintains one of the largest private solar power systems in the US.
Christ in the Desert has three daughter houses: Nuestra Senora de la Soledad, and Monasterio Benedictino De Santa María y Todos Los Santos in Mexico, and the Benedictine Monastery of Thien Tam (Heavenly Heart) in Kerens, Texas.

## Apostolates

It has a guesthouse in which men and women can stay and join the monks in the chapel to share in the monastic Divine Office and in the Mass. In addition to maintaining the guesthouse, the monks manage a gift shop of books and religious items.
In an effort to balance generating income for support with the monastic way of life, the monks have tested a number of activities. They had a thrift shop in Santa Fe for a few years. The monks work in agriculture, computer work and maintenance of the grounds and facilities. They also craft beer, soap, lotions, candles, pottery and artwork along with other ventures.

## Brewing

The Monastery of Christ in the Desert has operated a small brewery, Abbey Brewing Company, since 2005. The brewery produces three beers: Monks' Ale, Monks' Wit, and Monks' Tripel. The beers are currently brewed by Abbey Brewing using facilities at Sierra Blanca Brewing Company in Moriarty, with an experimental brewery located at the monastery. Abbey Brewing Company currently has distribution in eight states, with plans for gradual expansion in the future.
# SPP

SPP or spp may refer to:

## Businesses

* ShowBiz Pizza Place, a former chain of pizza restaurants
* Sigmund Pulsometer Pumps, a British engineering company
* Símbolo de Pequeños Productores, a Mexican network of small organic producers
from Latin America, Africa and Asia
* Slovenský plynárenský priemysel, a Slovak natural gas company
* Sucker Punch Productions, an American video game developer
* Sumitomo Precision Products, an aerospace and sensor manufacturer

## Gaming

* Sucker Punch Productions, an American video game developer
* SuperPoke! Pets, an online game app
* Super Princess Peach, a 2006 video game

## Organizations
### Government bodies

* Saskatchewan Pension Plan, a government-run pension plan in Canada
* Security and Prosperity Partnership of North America, between Canada, Mexico and the United States
* Protection and Guard Service (Romanian: Serviciul de Protecţie şi Pază), Romania

### Learned societies

* Paris Psychoanalytic Society, France
* Society for Philosophy and Psychology, North America

### Political parties

* Justice and Reconciliation Party (Stranka pravde i pomirenja), a political party in Serbia and Montenegro
* Party of Justice and Trust (Serbo-Croatian: Stranka pravde i povjerenja), Bosnia and Herzegovina
* Singapore People's Party, Singapore
* Swaziland Progressive Party, Eswatini
* Swedish People's Party of Finland, Finland

### Other organizations

* Southwest Power Pool, an American power-grid non-profit
* Stowarzyszenie Pisarzy Polskich, a Polish cultural institute for writers

## Policies, protocols, processes, and programs

* Screening Partnership Program, a program where airports in the United States can use private screening agencies instead of the TSA
* Share Purchase Plan, a means of buying shares in a company
* Specific physical preparedness, the status of being prepared for the movements in a specific activity
* State Partnership Program, protocol used by the National Guard of the United States
* Street Performer Protocol, a way of encouraging the creation of creative works in the public domain

## Science and technology
### Computing and networking

* Sequenced Packet Protocol, a network transport-layer protocol promulgated by Xerox
* Serial Port Profile, a Bluetooth wireless-interface profile
* Software Protection Platform, a Microsoft Windows license-validation module
* Standard parallel port, a back-formed name for the original Centronics mode of parallel port after introduction of EPP and ECP modes

### Physics

* Self-propelled particles, a concept used in statistical physics to describe swarm behaviour
* Spiral Phase Plate, regarding angular momentum and light
* Surface plasmon polariton, a type of polariton from strong coupling of plasmons to electromagnetic waves

### Other uses in science and technology

* Science Power Platform, a planned Russian module of the International Space Station
* spp. (from Latin: species pluralis), in biological taxonomy
* Single Point Positioning is a method used in GPS systems
* solar power plant

## Other uses

* Steyr SPP, a model of pistol
* Sam Powell-Pepper, an Australian rules football player
# Shafir

Shafir (Hebrew: שָׁפִיר) is a moshav in southern Israel. Located in the Shephelah near Kiryat Malakhi, it falls under the jurisdiction of Shafir Regional Council. In 2022 it had a population of 933.

## History

Shafir was founded on 15 August 1949 by immigrants from Hungary and Czechoslovakia and was built on land that had belonged to the Palestinian village of al-Sawafir al-Sharqiyya, which had been depopulated during the 1948 Arab–Israeli War. It was named after the Biblical city of Shafir that is mentioned in the Book of Micah 1:11, which also means "good and beautiful". Today Shafir is made up of a mixture of Czechoslovakian/ Hungarians, and Persians.
# Karchag

Karchag (Russian: Карчаг; Lezgian: КIварчагъ; Judeo-Tat: Гъэрчогъ) is a rural locality (a selo) and the administrative centre of Karchagsky Selsoviet, Suleyman-Stalsky District, Republic of Dagestan, Russia.

## Geography

Karchag is located on the Karchagsu River, 173 km (107 mi) southeast of Makhachkala and 16 km (9.9 mi) north of Kasumkent (the district's administrative centre) by road. Ekendil is the nearest rural locality.

## History

At 2 km south of Karchag, in the town of Leger, stone tombs were discovered. A bronze dagger with an openwork handle from the 12th-11th centuries BC was found in the opened graves.
The early explorer of the Caucasus S. M. Bronevsky (1763-1830), describing the population and military strength of the Tabasaran region, mentioned Karchag (Bronevsky wrote it down as “Kerchakh”) among the 8 main Tabasaran’s villages. In the book “Review of Russian Possessions beyond the Caucasus,” published in 1836, Karchag is mentioned among the villages of the Dere and Kam mahallas of Lower Tabasaran.
Karchag belonged to the Derlin mahallas of the Derbent province. At the end of the 19th century, it belonged to the South Tabasaran naib. After the formation of the Dagestan Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic, Karchag and 3 other villages (Zizik, İmamqulukənd, Ekendil) administratively became part of the Zizik village council of the Kyurinsky district.

## Population and language

In the past, Karchag was a Lezgins - Mountain Jews settlement. A.K. Alikberov writes that: “its Iranian-speaking population, who professed Judaism, had long been assimilated by the predominant Lezgins population.”
According to the “Caucasian Calendar” for 1857, Sunni Lezgins and Mountain Jews lived here, and the local languages were “Kyurinsky” (Lezgin) and Judeo-Tat.
The Mountain Jews of the Kyurinsky Khanate came from Karchag. Thus, the district physician of the Kyurinsky district, Alexei Tsvetkov, who studied the tukkhum of this district in the 1860s, wrote: “Kyurinsky’s Jews are settlers from Lezgins villages Karchag."
Based on a list of populated places in the Dagestan region compiled in 1888, the population of Karchag consisted of Muslims and Mountain Jews. The number of the first was 508 people (261 male and 247 women; 79 houses) and they were Sunni Lezgins. The Mountain Jews were 255 people (130 male and 125 women; 47 houses).
The “Caucasian Calendar” of 1910 says that in 1908, 868 people lived in the village, of whom there were mainly Lezgins. Another “Caucasian calendar” of 1912 records that 901 inhabitants lived in the village, also mostly were Lezgins. At that time, Karchag was part of the Kyurinsky district of the Dagestan region.
According to the results of the 1926 census, 724 people lived in Karchag (356 men and 368 women) and all were Lezgins.
| Year | 1895 | 1926 | 1939 | 1970 | 1989 | 2002 | 2010 |
| Population | 761 | 724 | 683 | 1052 | 1028 | 1593 | 1739 |
# Akun Island

Akun Island (Aleut: Akungan) is one of the Fox Islands subgroup of the Aleutian Islands in the Aleutians East Borough of southwestern Alaska.

## Geography

The island lies east of Akutan Island and southwest of Unimak Island, across the Unimak Pass strait. The Krenitzin Islands lie to the south and southeast, across the Avatanak Strait.
Akun Island has a land area of 64.39 sq mi (166.77 km²). It is 22.57 kilometres (14.02 mi) long, 18.2 kilometres (11.3 mi) wide.

## Population

It is unpopulated, except for airport workers and a few people controlling the cattle.
Akun Island is home to a small but significant population of cows. They are no longer domesticated but the population is controlled. Three domesticated horses also inhabit the island.

## Airport

With the cessation of amphibious airplane service to Akutan on Akutan Island, the Akutan Seaplane Base closed in 2012. It was replaced by a new $75.5m land-based airstrip six miles (9.7 km) across the water on Akun Island, named Akutan Airport. It was built by Kiewit, R&M Consultants, and DOT.
The airport was connected to Akutan by an expensive hovercraft shuttle, which couldn't operate safely when winds were too strong or waves too high. Operating costs were very high. A helicopter provides the link between Akun and Akutan. The airport has a small hotel, which is used when a flight arrives and the hovercraft is unable to run.
# Roman Catholic Diocese of Posadas

The Roman Catholic Diocese of Posadas (Latin: Dioecesis Posadensis) is a Catholic diocese located in the city of Posadas, Misiones in the ecclesiastical province of Corrientes in Argentina.

## History

On 11 February 1957, Pope Pius XII established the Diocese of Posadas from the Diocese of Corrientes. It lost territory in 1986 when the Diocese of Puerto Iguazú was established and again in 2009 when the Diocese of Puerto Oberá was established.

## Bishops
### Ordinaries

* Jorge Kémérer S.V.D. (1957–1986)
* Carmelo Juan Giaquinta (1986–1993), appointed Archbishop of Resistencia
* Alfonso Delgado Evers (1994–2000), appointed Archbishop of San Juan de Cuyo
* Juan Rubén Martinez (2000– )

### Other priest of this diocese who became bishop

* Victor Selvino Arenhart, appointed Bishop of Oberá in 2009
# Nikolayevka, Narimanovsky District, Astrakhan Oblast

Nikolayevka (Russian: Николаевка) is a rural locality (a selo) and the administrative center of Nikolayevsky Selsoviet, Narimanovsky District, Astrakhan Oblast, Russia. The population was 1,598 as of 2010. There are 6 streets.

## Geography

Nikolayevka is located 56 km southwest of Narimanov (the district's administrative centre) by road. Polynny and Razyezd-2 are the nearest rural localities.
# Lewis Trickett

Lewis James Trickett (born 27 April 2005) is a Northern Irish professional footballer who plays as a winger for EFL League Two club Accrington Stanley.

## Career

Having joined his hometown club aged ten, Trickett made his professional debut for Accrington Stanley in October 2022 off the bench in an EFL Trophy tie against Liverpool U21. He signed his first professional contract with the club in July 2023.
On 10 October 2023, he scored his first senior goals with a brace in a 5–3 EFL Trophy victory over Harrogate Town. On 23 December 2023, he made his league debut from the bench in a 2–1 League Two victory over Walsall.

## International career

In July 2022, Trickett received a first call up to the Northern Ireland under-18 squad before being called up under-19 squad in September of the same year.

## Career statistics

    As of match played 23 December 2023
Appearances and goals by club, season and competition :
| Club | Season | League | League | League | FA Cup | FA Cup | League Cup | League Cup | Other | Other | Total | Total |
| Club | Season | Division | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals |
| Accrington Stanley | 2022–23 | League One | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
| Accrington Stanley | 2023–24 | League Two | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 2 |
| Career total | Career total | Career total | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 2 |
* 1 2 Appearance(s) in EFL Trophy
# Kalateh-ye Shiru

Kalateh-ye Shiru (Persian: كلاته شيرو, also Romanized as Kalāteh-ye Shīrū) is a village in Raz Rural District, Raz and Jargalan District, Bojnord County, North Khorasan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 19, in 6 families.
# Trampe bicycle lift

The Trampe bicycle lift (Norwegian: Sykkelheisen Trampe) is a bicycle lift in Trondheim, Norway, invented and installed in 1993 by Jarle Wanwik.
In 2013 it was upgraded and rebranded under the name CycloCable by Skirail, part of the Poma group.

## Usage

Use of the Trampe bicycle lift is free. When using the lift, the right foot is placed on the starting point (the left foot stays on the bicycle pedal). After pushing the start button, the user is pushed forward and a footplate emerges. A common mistake among tourists and other first-time users is that they don't keep their right leg outstretched and their body tilted forward. This makes it hard to maintain balance on the footplate, and can result in falling off.
In the summer months, Trampe is used extensively by both commuting inhabitants of Trondheim as well as tourists.