OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Apostolis Kolokotronis

Apostolis Kolokotronis (Greek: Αποστόλης Κολοκοτρώνης) was a chieftain of the Greek War of Independence and an officer of the Greek army from Arcadia. He was member of the well-known Kolokotronis family.

## Biography

Kolokotronis was the son of the chieftain Giannakis Kolokotronis (also known by the nickname "Daskoulias") and nephew of the commander Theodoros Kolokotronis. In the first stages of the Greek War of Independence, he took part along with his father in the military operations in Moldavia-Wallachia under the command of prince Alexandros Ypsilantis. After the suppression of the revolution in the Danubian Principalities, father and son returned in early August 1821, along with other fighters to the Peloponnese and participated in the Battle of the Ditch, where Apostolis was injured.
After that he actively participated in the siege of Nafplio, the siege of the Acrocorinth, in the conflicts during the siege of Patras (battles of Chalandritsa, Girokomio, etc.), and in the repulsion of the invasion of Mahmud Dramali Pasha. He was appointed Lieutenant on June 5, 1823, by the Greek government.
During the Greek civil wars of 1824–25, although he was invited by Theodoros Kolokotronis to join him in the blockade of Nafplio and the siege of Tripoli, he adopted a neutral position. Also, in early 1824 he was accused of arbitrariness in Pyrgos area. Later he participated in the military operations against Ibrahim Pasha and he was elected by Theodoros Kolokotronis as general leader of the armed forces of Tripoli region.
After the creation of the independent Greek state, he became in 1836 an officer of the Royal Phalanx and in 1845 he received the rank of colonel and was awarded with the Commemorative Medal of the War of Independence. He died in 1862 in Tripoli. He was married to Sophia St. Dimitrakopoulou from Tripoli with whom he had five daughters.
# Nation's school

Nation’s school (Turkish: Millet mektebi) was the name of a campaign of series of courses offered to adults to learn the Latin alphabet in Turkey in 1929–1932.

## Background

The Ottoman Empire, like many Islamic countries, used the Arabic alphabet, even though it was not able to reproduce certain Turkish vowels. Because the alphabet stemmed from the Quran, it was considered unalterable. After the collapse of the Empire, the leader of the Turkish Republic, Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, adopted the Latin alphabet in 1928, adjusting it to suit the Turkish language: omitting "Q", "W" and "X", and adding diacritical marks to create umlaut versions of "O", "U" and "I", and the accented letters "Ç", "Ş" and "Ğ".

## Alphabet reform

In June 1928, Atatürk asked Mustafa Necati, the Minister of National Education to form a committee to adopt the Latin alphabet. On 9 August 1928, Atatürk announced that the Latin alphabet would replace the Arabic alphabet. On 1 November 1928, the parliament passed the law of the new Turkish alphabet as Act no 1353, and on 11 November 1928, the government decided to establish the "nation’s school". The project started on 24 November 1928. These schools were actually series of short courses for the adults. According to Falih Rıfkı Atay, a member of the committee, learning of the Latin alphabet was more difficult for the literate people, who already used Arabic alphabet than for the illiterate people. He added that if the rate of literacy had not been so low, the alphabet reform would be impossible to apply.

## First day of the campaign

The first example of the Nation’s school was set in Dolmabahçe Palace. Beginning by 1 January 1929, many schools were opened all over the country. Mustafa Necati, who was responsible for these schools, died on the very same day the schools opened due to appendicitis. He is now considered as one of the pioneers of the Turkish alphabet.

## School regulations

According to regulations, these schools were compulsory for everybody in the age group of 14–45 years. Two courses per week were offered to women while four courses a week were available for men. The duration was 2–4 months depending on the prior education of the participants. The courses were also offered to prisoners. In the 1930s, most villages had no schools. For these villages mobile teaching teams were formed. All participants were expected to pass a final exam to obtain a certificate. The top scoring participant of each school received a signed photo of Atatürk and a book of the Turkish constitution.
Atatürk, who earned the title başöğretmen (literally "head teacher") actively participated in the Nation’s school program, and taught the new alphabet at his travels.

## Conclusion

In the first year, the number of schools, actually classrooms, was 20,487, and the number of participants was 1,075,500. 485,632 men and 111,378 women received certificates. At the end of the term in the 1930s, the total number of the graduates reached 1,217,144.

## Commemoration

Beginning by 1981, 24 November, being the start day of the project, is commemorated each year as "Teacher's day" in Turkey.
# Bautista Pavlovsky

Bautista Andrés Pavlovsky (born 16 December 1997) is an Argentinian professional footballer who plays as a forward for Botoșani II.

## Career

Pavlovsky's career started with Argentinos Juniors. In July 2018, Pavlovsky was loaned by Primera B Nacional side Chacarita Juniors. Initially an unused substitute for a game against Santamarina in November, Pavlovsky made his professional bow on 2 March 2019 during a 3–0 loss away to Brown. A total of four appearances arrived for the forward at Chacarita. In mid-2019, Pavlovsky headed to Romania with Botoșani II of Liga III.

## Career statistics

    As of 3 July 2020.
Appearances and goals by club, season and competition :
| Club | Season | League | League | League | Cup | Cup | Continental | Continental | Other | Other | Total | Total |
| Club | Season | Division | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals |
| Argentinos Juniors | 2018–19 | Primera División | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Chacarita Juniors (loan) | 2018–19 | Primera B Nacional | 4 | 0 | — | — | — | — | 0 | 0 | 4 | 0 |
| Career total | Career total | Career total | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 | 0 |
# Zhenfeng Pagoda

The Zhenfeng Pagoda (simplified Chinese: 振风塔; traditional Chinese: 振風塔; pinyin: Zhènfēng Tǎ) in Anqing City, Anhui Province, People's Republic of China, is a Buddhist pagoda originally built in 1570 during the late Ming Dynasty. Due to its location near a bend in the Yangtze River, the pagoda was formerly used as a lighthouse, and contains niches for lanterns. After construction, the pagoda was initially called the "Ten-thousand Buddha" (万佛塔) pagoda due to its interior containing over six hundred Buddha statues.

## Structure

Built of brick and 72 metres (236 ft) tall, each of the pagoda's seven stories has seven corners, thereby creating a heptagon. Above the windows on each floor are a set of flying eaves. From the first to the sixth floor, arched doorways lead to an outside balcony. A total of 168 stairs inside the pagoda allow access to the top floor. The walls are tapered slightly, shaping the structure into a partial cone.
# Maggie Keswick Jencks

Margaret Keswick Jencks (10 October 1941 – 8 July 1995) was a Scottish writer, artist and garden designer who co-founded Maggie's Centres with her husband Charles Jencks.

## Early life

Margaret Keswick was born at Cowhill Tower near Holywood in the county of Dumfriesshire in Scotland the only child of Sir John Keswick and Clare Elwes. Maggie's father was taipan of Jardine Matheson, the influential Scottish–Chinese trading company. The family spent time in Hong Kong and Shanghai as well as the UK. Keswick was educated in England and read English at Lady Margaret Hall, Oxford. After working in fashion, she studied at the Architectural Association in London.

## Garden design and collaborations

One of Maggie Jencks's main interests was in garden design. In 1978 she published The Chinese Garden: History, Art and Architecture. She collaborated with her husband on the design of the gardens at Portrack, their family home near Dumfries, Scotland, and on extensive alterations to the house's interior. Another major collaboration was couple's famous house in Notting Hill, London - open to the public from 2021 as the Cosmic House - designed with the architect Terry Farrell. Her other garden designs included one inspired by the pastoral poems of John Milton for the Jencks' house in California; a collaboration with the American architect Frank Gehry on the Lewis House at Cleveland, Ohio, where fibre-optics and running water created a highly original landscape; and a garden for the film director Roger Corman.

## Career and legacy

In 1978, she married Charles Jencks, writer and landscape artist. She was his second wife. Together they founded the first Maggie's Centres in Edinburgh, which opened in 1996.
She died of cancer in 1995.
A bust of Jencks is on display in the Hall of Heroes of the National Wallace Monument in Stirling.

## Publications

* Keswick, Maggie; Jencks, Charles; Hardie, Alison (1978). The Chinese Garden: History, Art and Architecture. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. ISBN 978-0-674-01086-4. OCLC 223412044.
# Platanakia

Platanakia (Greek: Πλατανάκια) is a settlement of the former municipality of Dion, which is part of the municipality of Dio-Olympos, in the Pieria regional unit, Central Macedonia, Greece. It was founded in 1954 by Greek refugees, coming from the region of Pontus.
The name Platanakia, comes by the agreement of the residents, because below the village, there are about 10 large trees which has been planted by a Sarakatsani farmer, years ago. The population of the village was 148 people as of 2021.
# Thomas Putnam

Thomas Putnam (March 22, 1652 [O.S. March 12, 1651] – June 3 [O.S. May 24], 1699) was a member of the Putnam family, a resident of Salem Village (present-day Danvers, Massachusetts, United States) and a significant accuser in the notorious 1692 Salem witch trials.

## Biography

Thomas Putnam was born on March 22, 1652 (new style March 12, 1651) in Salem Village, Massachusetts Bay Colony, a son of Lieutenant Thomas Putnam Sr. (1615–1686) and his first wife, Ann Holyoke. He was baptized on February 16, 1652, at the First Church of Salem. He married Ann Carr on September 25, 1675, at Salem Village. Ann was born at Salem Village on June 15, 1661, the youngest daughter of George and Elizabeth Carr. They had twelve children: Ann Jr., Thomas, Elizabeth, Ebenzer, Ebenezer, Deliverance, Timothy, Experience, Abigail, Susanna and Seth; two who died young. Thomas served in the military and held the rank of Sergeant, fighting in King Philip's War. He also served as parish clerk.
Despite being the son of one of Salem's wealthiest residents, Putnam was excluded from major inheritances by both his father and father-in-law. His half-brother, Joseph, who had benefited most from their father's estate, married into the rival Porter family in Salem Town, fueling ill will between the clans. Putnam, his wife Ann, and their daughter Ann Jr. all levied accusations of witchcraft, many of them against extended members of the Porter family, and testified at the trials. Putnam was responsible for the accusations of 43 people, and his daughter was responsible for 62.
Both Putnam and his wife died in 1699, leaving their ten children orphans, two children having predeceased them.

## Arthur Miller's The Crucible

In Arthur Miller's 1953 play, The Crucible, Thomas Putnam is married to Ann Putnam, and together have a daughter, Ruth Putnam, who is afflicted with a grave illness, similar to that of Betty Parris. They both have lost seven children in childbirth and point to witchcraft as the cause of it. Putnam appears in Act 1 and is apparent during Act 3. He manipulates Reverend Parris into taking his side, urging him to see that it is witchcraft that is making Salem go mad. He uses the witch trials to get the other villagers' land, such as Giles Corey's. Giles later takes Putnam to court regarding the issue.

## In Popular Culture

In Burned: A Daughters of Salem Novel, a 2023 young adult novel by Kellie O'Neill, a minor character named "Blaire Putnam" is a descendant of Thomas Putnam.
# Serhiy Bakun

Serhiy Bakun (Ukrainian: Бакун Сергей Николаевич; born 21 February 1964 in Kyiv, in the Ukrainian SSR of the Soviet Union) is a former Ukrainian head-coach of Desna Chernihiv U19.

## Coaching career

In 2003 he coached the amateur team "Polissya" (Dobryanka). From 2004 to May 2007 he helped to train Desna Chernihiv, and on May 7, 2007 he was appointed acting head of the Chernihiv club, which he managed until June 25, 2007. After that, until June 2008, he continued to help coach Desna. From June to October 2008, he headed Desna-2 Chernihiv. From 2009 to June 2011 he worked as the head coach of Yednist-2., where he won the Chernihiv Oblast Football Federation in 2009, 2010

## Honours
### FC Yednist' Plysky 2

* Ukrainian Football Amateur League: 2009
* Chernihiv Oblast Football Federation: (3) 2009, 2010

### Desna Chernihiv

* Ukrainian Second League: 2005–06

### Polissia Dobrianka

* Chernihiv Oblast Football Federation: (1) 2003
# Francis E. Brownell

Francis Edwin Brownell (July 18, 1840 – March 15, 1894) was a Union Army soldier who received a Medal of Honor for his actions during the American Civil War. Brownell received the award for killing James W. Jackson after Jackson shot Col. Elmer E. Ellsworth, colonel of the 11th New York Volunteer Infantry Regiment. Although Brownell did not receive the award until 1877, twelve years after the war had ended, his actions were the earliest in the war that resulted in the receipt of the award.

## Life

Francis Edwin "Frank" Brownell was born in Troy, New York to Charles Brownell and Lucy Adams, where, prior to the Civil War, he worked as a clerk in the law office of attorney John A. Millard. He enlisted as a private in the 11th New York Volunteers, the "Fire Zouaves", in April 1861, and was assigned to Company A.
In the first days of the war, as the 11th entered Alexandria, Virginia on May 24, 1861, Ellsworth led Brownell and several other men into the heart of the city. On the way there, the men spotted a large Confederate flag atop the Marshall House inn. Ellsworth's group entered the inn and quickly cut down the flag but as they descended the stairs they encountered the proprietor, James Jackson. Jackson killed Ellsworth with a shotgun blast to the chest and Brownell responded by fatally shooting and bayonetting the innkeeper. For this, he was rewarded with a commission in the Regular Army. He served as an officer in the 11th Infantry Regiment (United States) for the next two years, retiring in November 1863 with the rank of first lieutenant.
After the war, Brownell requested an award of the Medal of Honor in recognition of his actions in killing Jackson but was denied. He made a second request which was also denied. A third attempt with the assistance of his congressman was granted and Brownell was awarded the Medal in 1877, inscribed with his name and regiment. A request to have his action described on the medal resulted in its being returned to the War Department and a second medal being issued. It was inscribed: "The Congress to Sergt Frank E. Brownell, 11th N.Y. Vol Inf’y for gallantry in shooting the murderer of Col. Ellsworth at Alexandria, VA, May 24, 1861."
Following the war, Brownell lived in Washington, D.C. where he worked as a clerk with the Pension Office. He was member of the Grand Army of the Republic and a companion of the Military Order of the Loyal Legion of the United States. He is buried in Bellefontaine Cemetery in St. Louis, Missouri.
A fragment of the Marshall House flag that Brownell gave to Millard while on the way to Ellsworth's funeral near Troy remained in Millard's family for many years. The fragment was sold during the 21st century.

## Medal of Honor citation

Rank and organization: Private, Company A, 11th New York Infantry. Place and date: Alexandria, Va., May 24, 1861. Entered service at: Troy, N.Y. Birth: New York. Date of issue: January 26, 1877.
Killed the murderer of Col. Ellsworth at the Marshall House, Alexandria, Va. First Civil War deed to merit Medal of Honor.
# Karbauskis

Karbauskis is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Mindaugas Karbauskis (born 1972), Lithuanian theater director
* Ramūnas Karbauskis (born 1969), Lithuanian businessman and politician
# Bao Andriamanjato

Bao Andriamanjato (21 September 1929 – 1994; born Rahantavololona Razanamahandry Alphonsine Razafindrakotohasina) was an engineer and politician from Madagascar. She is said to have been the first female engineer in Madagascar and in Africa.
She married Richard Andriamanjato, a politician and pastor, in September 1958, and they had four children, including politician Ny Hasina Andriamanjato.
In July 1991, while her husband was leader of the opposition and Bao was shadow minister for public works, she was arrested outside the Public Works Ministry building, which was one of six buildings being occupied by the Active Forces opposition grouping. Bao was driven away, and five people were injured in scuffles at the scene.
She was a minister in the 1991 Gouvernement Insurrectionnel led by President Jean Rakotoarison,
In 2021 a group of female students made a short animation Bao et la robotique, in tribute to Andriamanjato, which won an award in a competition organised by Ikala STEM and UNESCO.
# Abdülkadir Sünger

Abdülkadir Sünger (born 24 May 2000) is a Turkish professional footballer who plays as a goalkeeper for Denizlispor.

## Professional career

Sünger is a youth product of Sarayköy 1926, and moved to the academy of Denizlispor in 2016. He signed his first professional contract in 2020. Sünger made his professional debut with Denizlispor in a 3–2 Süper Lig loss to Alanyaspor on 12 April 2021.
# Insektenbörse

Insektenbörse (English: Insect Exchange) was a German entomology magazine established in 1884. It was renamed Entomologisches Wochenblatt (English: Entomology Weekly) in 1907–1908 and renamed again Entomologische Rundschau (English: Entomological Review) in 1909–1939. Beginning with volume 26 the journal was published by Alfred Kernen Verlag, Stuttgart, Germany. Insekten-Börse was also issued at various times as a trade supplement to Entomologische Zeitschrift (English: Entomological Journal).
# Xinqiao, Zigong

Xinqiao (simplified Chinese: 新桥; traditional Chinese: 新橋; pinyin: Xīnqiáo; lit. 'new bridge') is a town of Rong County in southeastern Sichuan province, China, located 22 kilometres (14 mi) southwest of the county seat and roughly equidistant from Leshan to the northwest and Zigong to the east. As of 2011, it has one residential community (社区) and 8 villages under its administration.
# Downshire Hospital

The Downshire Hospital is a 16-bed psychiatric hospital at Downpatrick, County Down, Northern Ireland, for both psychiatric intensive-care patients and low secure rehabilitation.

## History

The hospital, which was designed by Henry Smyth, was opened as the Down Lunatic Asylum in 1869. It was extended in 1883, 1895 and 1904. It became the Down Mental Hospital in the 1920s and joined the National Health Service as Downshire Hospital in 1948. Following the introduction of Care in the Community in the early 1980s, the hospital went into a period of decline and provision for patients reduced from over 300 beds to just 16. Part of the building was subsequently converted for use as offices for Down District Council who began operating there in October 2012.
# Wandin North, Victoria

Wandin North is a town in Victoria, Australia, 40 km east from Melbourne's central business district, located within the Shire of Yarra Ranges local government area. Wandin North recorded a population of 3,132 at the 2021 census.

## History

The Post Office opened around 1909. An earlier office (1884) named Wandin North was renamed Seville. There are two operational schools in Wandin North and the original of these schools is Wandin Yallock Primary School which was established in 1870. It is nestled amongst orchards and general farming land in the picturesque Yarra Valley. The Wandin North Primary School opened in 1915 and in 2016 had 240 students.

## Railway

Wandin North used to have a railway station, simply called Wandin. It was on the branch line to Warburton, which opened in 1901 and closed in 1965. The passenger platform remains, having been rebuilt. The railway reserve for the former line is now the Lilydale to Warburton Rail Trail.
# Serhiy Reheda

Serhiy Reheda (born 6 February 1994) is a Ukrainian hammer thrower.
In age-specific categories he won the bronze medal at the 2011 World Youth Championships, finished ninth at the 2012 World Junior Championships and eighth at the 2015 European U23 Championships.
He finished seventh at the 2017 Universiade. He also competed at the 2016 European Championships, the 2017 World Championships and the 2018 European Championships without reaching the final.
His personal best throw is 76.92 metres, achieved in May 2017 in Kyiv.
# Barbar, Bahrain

Barbar (Arabic: باربار) is a village in the north of Bahrain. Situated in the Northern Governorate, it lies between the neighbouring villages of Diraz and Jannusan, along the Budaiya highway.
The Dilmun era Barbar Temple is in the village and is on the tentative list of UNESCO World Heritage Sites.
# Niemiec

Niemiec is a Polish-language surname literally meaning "German person". Notable people with this surname include:
* Al Niemiec (1911–1995), American baseball player
* Bohuslav Niemiec (born 1982), Czech politician of Polish ethnicity
* Courtney Niemiec (born 1992), American soccer player
* Jan Niemiec (1958–2020), Polish-born Ukrainian Roman Catholic bishop
* Jan Niemiec (1941–2017), Polish canoeist
* John Niemiec (1901–1976), American footballer
* Jona Niemiec (born 2001), German footballer
* Franciszek Niemiec (born 1950), Polish basketball player
* Patryk Niemiec (born 1997), Polish volleyball player
* Przemysław Niemiec (born 1980), Polish cyclist
* Szymon Niemiec (born 1977), Polish free jurisdiction clergyman and gay activist
* Wojciech Niemiec (1956–2021), Polish footballer