OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Pulkovo Heights

Pulkovo Heights (Russian: Пу́лковские высо́ты) is a chain of hills located to the south of Saint Petersburg. They run to the south-west in the direction of the Izhora Plateau and have an altitude of up to 73 meters.
In Neolithic times (about 7500–5000 years ago) Pulkovo heights were Littorina Sea coast. Its bottom is a modern Neva Lowland with stretching on her St. Petersburg. The ancient sea gradually retreated and took the place of the current Baltic Sea. Apparently, the place abounded with impassable forests and swamps. Thick forest covered the Pulkovo heights, but it was gradually cut down.
In the 18th century, located at the foot of Pulkovo village of Gallerovo, Tolmachevo, Pesky, Lower and Upper Koyerovo, Kamen, Kiskino, Glinyanaya Gora, a neighborhood on the site of Pulkovo – Pulkovo village, founded in 1714 at the Pulkovo Manor. A road ran from Pulkovo Koporye in Ladoga.
On 12 November 1917, during the October Revolution, Alexander Kerensky and Pyotr Krasnov, commanding 700 Cossacks of the 3rd Cavalry Corps, were forced to retreat back to Gatchina Palace after being stopped at Pulkovo Heights by Red forces.
The hills were used as a natural defense line during the Russian Civil War and the siege of Leningrad, when the Germans occupied the hills from September 1941 to January 1944. It is the location of the Pulkovo Observatory and the industrial suburb of Shushary.
# Karimabad-e Abnil

Karimabad-e Abnil (Persian: كريم اباداب نيل, also Romanized as Karīmābād-e Ābnīl; also known as Karīmābād and Karīmābād-e Nīl) is a village in Kavirat Rural District, Chatrud District, Kerman County, Kerman Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 311, in 74 families.
# Butcher's Shop

Butcher's Shop is the title of two paintings by the Italian Baroque painter Annibale Carracci, both dating from the early 1580s. They are now in the collections of Christ Church Picture Gallery, Oxford, and the Kimbell Art Museum in Fort Worth, Texas.
The paintings are connected to the contemporary Beaneater (Galleria Colonna), as they are very early examples of Italian genre painting. The large size of the Christ Church painting is exceptional for such a subject at this date, and it has been suggested they were commissioned by a butcher's guild, or for use as a sign. Carracci was influenced in his depiction of everyday life subjects by Vincenzo Campi and Bartolomeo Passarotti, whom the Butcher's Shop was originally attributed to. Carracci's ability to adapt his style is demonstrated, making it "lower" when concerning "lower", quasi-satirical subjects like the Mangiafagioli and the Butcher's Shop, while in his more academic works (such as the roughly contemporary Assumption of the Virgin) he was able to use a more finished manner with the same ease.
It is claimed that members of the painter's family were used as models. Significant alterations to some figures are revealed by X-rays, and the hand on the edge of the table, now apparently belonging to the old woman, though not in proportion with the rest of her, may have originally belonged to the butcher to the right of her.
The Christ Church painting was in the collections of the Gonzaga Dukes of Mantua and Charles I of England; after reaching Christ Church it was hung for a long time in the college kitchen, before being recognised for what it was in the 20th century.
# Mazubon-e Sofla

Mazubon-e Sofla (Persian: مازوبن سفلي, also Romanized as Māzūbon-e Soflá) is a village in Baladeh Rural District, Khorramabad District, Tonekabon County, Mazandaran Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 1,108, in 296 families.
# Aliabad-e Sofla, Lorestan

Aliabad-e Sofla (Persian: علي ابادسفلي, also Romanized as ‘Alīābād-e Soflá; also known as ‘Alīābād) is a village in Doab Rural District, in the Central District of Selseleh County, Lorestan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 125, in 23 families.
# Orsoya Rocks

Orsoya Rocks (Bulgarian: скали Орсоя, ‘Skali Orsoya’ \ska-'li or-'so-ya\) is the group of rocks off the north coast of Robert Island in the South Shetland Islands, Antarctica, situated west-northwest of Mellona Rocks, north-northeast of Milev Rocks and east-northeast of Opaka Rocks, and extending 650 m in northwest-southeast direction and 500 m in northeast-southwest direction.
The rocks are named after the settlement of Orsoya in Northwestern Bulgaria.

## Location

Orsoya Rocks are centred at 62°17′39″S 59°31′32″W﻿ / ﻿62.29417°S 59.52556°W﻿ / -62.29417; -59.52556, which is 4.78 km north of Newell Point. British mapping in 1968 and Bulgarian in 2009.
# The Chess Players (Eakins)

The Chess Players is an 1876 genre painting by the American painter Thomas Eakins, Goodrich catalogue #96. It is in the collection of the Metropolitan Museum of Art, in New York.

## Description

It is a small oil on wood panel depicting Eakins' father Benjamin observing a chess match. The two players are Bertrand Gardel (at left), an elderly French teacher, and the somewhat younger George Holmes, a painter. The men are in a dark, wood-panelled Victorian parlour with a quality of light suggesting late afternoon. The game is well in progress, as many pieces have been removed from the board. Holmes, the younger player, seems to be winning the match, as he has taken the queen of his opponent (the top of which pokes out of the table's drawer), and his own black queen is well-positioned in the centre of the board. Eakins painted The Chess Players for his father, and signed the painting in Latin, "BENJAMINI. EAKINS. FILIUS. PINXIT. '76"—"the son of Benjamin Eakins painted this"—in small letters on the drawer of the table. Michael Clapper of Franklin & Marshall College has noted, "Eakins’s choice of [chess] and his knowledgeable treatment of it suggest that he was familiar with and interested in the game, though there is little direct evidence of it apart from the painting."
Art historian Akela Reason proposes that the painting is a tribute to a number of the artist's father-figures: Holmes probably was Eakins's first art teacher; Gardel was his French teacher; Benjamin Eakins was his literal father; and Jean-Léon Gérôme, his master at the École des Beaux-Arts, is represented by a print of Ave Caesar Morituri te Salutant, over the clock.
Author Martin Berger has analyzed the content of the painting in detail, finding it an evocation of the passage of time and ascribing it a highly personal meaning in Eakins' life. The younger chess player's attempt to kill the older player's king is analogous to the Oedipal complex. In the way that his father Benjamin is placed in opposition to Eakins the painter, the two may be envisioned as playing out a psychological "conflict" across the other axis of the chess board. In this light it is not coincidental that the painting was made on wood panel rather than canvas. While Eakins has humbled himself before his father in signing the painting only by reference to being Benjamin's son, he also presents his father ambivalently. Elevating his father's status, he places Benjamin centrally, with the vanishing point behind Benjamin's head. Yet Eakins has obscured his father's face by shadow and by the angle at which he looks down upon the game. Although the painting was dedicated to Benjamin, the title "The Chess Players" curiously leaves Eakins' father out of the narrative of the picture.
* G-97. Perspective Drawing for The Chess Players (1875–76), Metropolitan Museum of Art.
* G-98. Study of Bertrand Gardel for The Chess Players, Philadelphia Museum of Art.
* G-188. The Writing Master: Portrait of Benjamin Eakins (1882), Metropolitan Museum of Art.
* Engraving of The Chess Players by Eakins student Alice Barber Stephens (circa 1880).
# Solomykovskiye Dvory

Solomykovskiye Dvory (Russian: Соломыковские Дворы) is a rural locality (a khutor) in Nizhnereutchansky Selsoviet Rural Settlement, Medvensky District, Kursk Oblast, Russia. Population: 55 (2010 Census); 73 (2002 Census);

## Geography

The khutor is located 67 km from the Russia–Ukraine border, 28 km south-west of Kursk, 3 km north of the district center – the urban-type settlement Medvenka, 12 km from the selsoviet center – Nizhny Reutets.

### Climate

Solomykovskiye Dvory has a warm-summer humid continental climate (Dfb in the Köppen climate classification).

## Transport

Solomykovskiye Dvory is located on the federal route M-2 Crimea Highway (a part of the European route E105), on the road of intermunicipal significance 38H-236 (M2 "Crimea Highway" – Polevaya), 20 km from the nearest railway halt 457 km (railway line Lgov I — Kursk).
The rural locality is situated 35 km from Kursk Vostochny Airport, 96 km from Belgorod International Airport and 220 km from Voronezh Peter the Great Airport.
# Bulyak, Sterlibashevsky District, Republic of Bashkortostan

Bulyak (Russian: Буляк; Bashkir: Бүләк, Büläk) is a rural locality (a village) in Saraysinsky Selsoviet, Sterlibashevsky District, Bashkortostan, Russia. The population was 33 as of 2010. There is 1 street.

## Geography

Bulyak is located 38 km southeast of Sterlibashevo (the district's administrative centre) by road. Saraysino is the nearest rural locality.
# Young Liberals Party

The Young Liberals Party (Bulgarian: Младолиберална партия, Mladoliberalna partiya, MLP) was a political party in Bulgaria during the early 20th century.

## History

The party was established in 1904 by Dimitar Tonchev after a group of Radoslavist Liberal Party members were expelled following a failed attempt to remove Vasil Radoslavov as party leader. In their first elections in 1908 the party failed to win a seat. The MLP again failed to win a seat in the 1911 Constitutional Assembly elections, but did win one seat in the parliamentary elections later in the year, in which it formed local alliances with the Radoslavist Liberal Party and the People's Liberal Party.
The three parties formed the Liberal Concentration alliance for the 1913 elections, emerging as the largest faction in the National Assembly. In the elections the following year the alliance won a majority of seats, but the MLP suspended political activities during World War I. The party did not contest the 1919 elections, but returned to run in the 1920 elections alongside the Radoslavist Liberal Party and the Petkov faction of the People's Liberal Party. Later in the year the three parties merged to form the National Liberal Party.
The party published a newspaper Svobodno Slovo (Free Speech) between 1904 and 1913.
# Chah Kord

Chah Kord (Persian: چاه كرد, also Romanized as Chāh Kord) is a village in Arabkhaneh Rural District, Shusef District, Nehbandan County, South Khorasan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 58, in 14 families.
# Yuz Bashi

Yuz Bashi (Persian: يوزباشي, also Romanized as Yūz Bāshī; also known as Yoozbash Cha’i and Yūzmāshe) is a village in Shivanat Rural District, Afshar District, Khodabandeh County, Zanjan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 85, in 19 families.
# Catreus

In Greek mythology, Catreus or Katreus (/ˈkeɪtri.əs/, /ˈkeɪtruːs/; Ancient Greek: Κατρεύς) was the eldest son of Minos and Pasiphaë, and Minos' successor as king of Crete. Catreus had one son, Althaemenes, and three daughters, Apemosyne, Aerope and Clymene. Catreus was mistakenly killed by his son Althaemenes thereby fulfilling an oracle's prophecy.

## Mythology

According to Apollodorus' account, an oracle told Catreus that one of his children would kill him. Although Catreus kept the prophecy secret, his son Althaemenes found out, and fearing that he would be the one to kill his father, took his sister Apemosyne and left Crete for Rhodes. Catreus gave his other daughters to Nauplius to be sold off in foreign lands, and Aerope married Pleisthenes (or Atreus), but Nauplius kept Clymene for himself as wife. Years later, as an old man Catreus sailed the seas searching for his son, so that he could pass on his kingship to him. His ship stopped at Rhodes and was mistaken by some cowherds for a pirate ship. Catreus tried to explain who he was, but could not be heard above the barking of the cowherds' dogs. Althaemenes arrived and killed his father with his javelin, thus fulfilling the prophecy. When Althaemenes realized what he had done, Althaemenes prayed and was swallowed up by a chasm in the ground.
Diodorus Siculus, gives a slightly different version of the story, saying that an oracle had been given to Althaemenes which said that he was destined to kill his father. Another tradition involving Catreus' daughter Aerope, followed by Euripides in his lost play Kressai, and possibly by Sophocles in his play Ajax, was that Catreus found Aerope in bed with a slave and sent her to Nauplius to be drowned.
Catreus, an ancient Cretan city mentioned by the second-century Greek geographer Pausanias, was apparently supposed by the Cretans to have been founded by Catreus. According to Apollodorus, Catreus' grandson Menelaus (Aerope's son) was away in Crete, presiding at Catreus' funeral, when Paris took Helen to Troy.

## Parallel story

The story of Catreus shares similarities with stories told about Aleus, king of Tegea. In these stories, Aleus received an oracle that his grandson would kill Aleus' sons, so Aleus took measures to keep his daughter Auge a virgin, nevertheless Auge became pregnant (by Heracles) and Aleus (as did Catreus) gives his daughter to Nauplius, to be drowned but instead Nauplius sold her to the Mysian king Tethras, who adopts her son Telephus, as his heir. As an adult Telephus returns to Tegea and unknowingly kills his uncles.
# Andreas Schaft

Andreas Jørgensen Schaft (1760–1826) was a Norwegian civil servant (Norwegian: zahlkasserer). He was married to Petronelle Nicoline Green, with whom he had the daughter Martine Elisabeth Schaft (1799–1843), who 8 May 1824 married the missionary Magnus Andreas Gjør (1801-1874).
In 1799, Schaft bought a square at Frogner in Oslo which he named Elisenberg after his daughter Elisabeth. In 1807, Schaft built the paddock manor Schafteløkken at Elisenberg.
He was a Knight of the Order of the Dannebrog. Zahlkasserer Schafts plass, a Frogner square, was named after him in 2003.
# Tazehabad, Tonekabon

Tazehabad (Persian: تازه اباد, also Romanized as Tāzehābād) is a village in Baladeh Rural District, Khorramabad District, Tonekabon County, Mazandaran Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 370, in 105 families.
# Baraban, Kursk Oblast

Baraban (Russian: Барабан) is a rural locality (a khutor) in Platavsky Selsoviet Rural Settlement, Konyshyovsky District, Kursk Oblast, Russia. Population: 0 (2010 Census); 2 (2002 Census);

## Geography

The khutor is located in the Platavka River basin (a left tributary of the Svapa River), 39.5 km from the Russia–Ukraine border, 81 km west of Kursk, 21 km south-west of the district center – the urban-type settlement Konyshyovka, 9 km from the selsoviet center – Kashara.

### Climate

Baraban has a warm-summer humid continental climate (Dfb in the Köppen climate classification).

## Transport

Baraban is located 40 km from the federal route M-3 Ukraine Highway, 66 km from the route M-2 Crimea Highway, 34.5 km from the route A-142 (Trosna – M3 highway), 34 km from the road of regional importance 38K-038 (Fatezh – Dmitriyev), 20.5 km from the road 38K-005 (Konyshyovka – Zhigayevo – 38K-038), 16 km from the road 38K-017 (Kursk – Lgov – Rylsk – border with Ukraine), 15 km from the road 38K-023 (Lgov – Konyshyovka), 2 km from the road of intermunicipal significance 38H-162 (Korobkino – summer camp), 17 km from the nearest railway halt Maritsa (railway line Navlya – Lgov-Kiyevsky).
The rural locality is situated 88 km from Kursk Vostochny Airport, 165 km from Belgorod International Airport and 291 km from Voronezh Peter the Great Airport.
# Sarfaqihabad

Sarfaqihabad (Persian: سرفقيه اباد, also Romanized as Sarfaqīhābād) is a village in Tameshkol Rural District, Nashta District, Tonekabon County, Mazandaran Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 546, in 138 families.
# Asadabad, Firuzabad

Asadabad (Persian: اسداباد, also Romanized as Āsadābād; also known as Asadābād-e Soflá) is a village in Firuzabad Rural District, Firuzabad District, Selseleh County, Lorestan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 84, in 15 families.
# Filip Kutev

Filip Kutev (Bulgarian: Филип Кутев), often anglicized Philip Koutev (13 June 1903 – 27 November 1982), was a Bulgarian composer, arranger and founder, with his wife Maria Kuteva, in 1951, of Bulgaria's first professional, state supported ensemble, the State Ensemble for Folk Song and Dance, also known as the Filip Kutev Ensemble. With his ensemble he pioneered a style of arranging folk songs by fusing folk elements with western classical forms and harmonies, and established a new Bulgarian choral tradition.
His choir was one of four who appeared on the album Le Mystère des Voix Bulgares, Volume Two, which won a Grammy Award in 1989.
He was born in Aytos, Burgas Province.

## Honours

Kutev Peak in Antarctica is named after Filip Kutev.
# Sycamore, Pennsylvania

Sycamore is an unincorporated community in Greene County, Pennsylvania, United States. The community is located along Pennsylvania Route 18, 4 miles (6.4 km) west-northwest of Waynesburg. Sycamore has a post office with ZIP code 15364, which opened on April 25, 1878.

## Notable person

* William J. Ely (1911–2017), United States Army general and writer, was born in Sycamore.
# Cheshmeh-ye Gazu

Cheshmeh-ye Gazu (Persian: چشمه گزو, also Romanized as Cheshmeh-ye Gazū) is a village in Baqeran Rural District, in the Central District of Birjand County, South Khorasan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 16, in 6 families.
# Tsuren

Tsuren (Ukrainian: Цурень; Romanian: Țureni) is a village in Chernivtsi Raion, Chernivtsi Oblast, Ukraine. It belongs to Ostrytsia rural hromada, one of the hromadas of Ukraine,
Until 18 July 2020, Tsuren, which was historically a part of the province of Bukovina, belonged to Hertsa Raion. The raion was abolished in July 2020 as part of the administrative reform of Ukraine, which reduced the number of raions of Chernivtsi Oblast to three. The area of Hertsa Raion was merged into Chernivtsi Raion. In 2001, 893, or 94.4% of the 946 inhabitants of the village of Tsuren spoke Romanian as their native language (630 self-declared it Romanian or 66.6%, and 263 declared in Moldovan, or 27.8%), with a minority of 50 Ukrainian speakers (5.29%). In the 1989 census, the number of residents who declared themselves Romanian plus Moldovan was 865, representing 96.11% of the locality's population out of 900, including 108 self-identified Romanians (12%) and 757 self-identified Moldovans (84.11%), and there were 31 ethnic Ukrainians (3.44%). A large majority of the population switched their declared census identities from Moldovan and Moldovan-speaking to Romanian and Romanian-speaking between the 1989 and 2001 censuses, and the process has continued ever since.
In the same commune, there is also the mostly Ukrainian village of Mamornitsya, which was also historically a part of the province of Bukovina (see the Ukrainian language article on it at https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D1%8F and the Romanian language one at https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mamorni%C8%9Ba,_Her%C8%9Ba). In 2001, its population of 494 included 450 Ukrainian-speakers (91.09%), and 41 Romanian-speakers (8.3%, including 20 self-identified Romanian-speakers, or 4.05%, and 21 self-identified Moldovan-speakers, or 4.25%), and 2 Russian-speakers (or 0.4%). In 1989, there were 9 self-identified Romanians (1.86%) and 26 were self-identified Moldovans (5.38%) out of 483 people. A significant proportion of the Moldovan plus Romanian population switched their declared census identities from Moldovan and Moldovan-speaking to Romanian and Romanian-speaking between the 1989 and 2001 censuses, and the process has continued ever since.

## Natives

* Gheorghe Sion (1822–1892), Moldavian, later Romanian poet, playwright, translator, and memoirist
# Doonshean

Doonshean or Doonsheane (Irish: Dún Síon or Dún Séann) is a townland in western County Kerry in Ireland. It is located about 3.8 km east from the neighbouring town of Dingle.
The area gets its name from the nearby Doonmore fort, with dún (fort) transliterated to doon, and síon deriving from the word síneadh meaning a stretch of land. The promontory fort is accessible by walking through the fields. There are also a number of other ring forts, enclosures and related archaeological sites in the area.
Dún Síon's beach has views of the village Kinard in the neighbouring parish of Lispole. The Siorrach, meaning "foal", is a sea stack which can be seen from the beach and is said to resemble a foal. The Trá Bheag, meaning "small beach", runs along the beach until it meets the sea.

## Notable people

The sports commentator Mícheál Ó Muircheartaigh was born in Dún Síon, and wrote a book titled From Dún Síon to Croke Park.
# Mexican Federal Highway 55D

Federal Highway 55D (Carretera Federal 55D) is a part of the federal highways corridors (Spanish: los corredores carreteros federales) of Mexico as an autopista. The highway connects Atlacomulco to the north and Toluca to the south.
# Girdhariwala railway station

Girdhariwala railway station (Urdu: گردھاری والا ریلوے اسٹیشن) is located in Pakistan.
# Trevor Winkfield

Trevor Winkfield (born 1944) is a British-born artist and writer. Drawing upon his interest in both modernist literary movements and medieval architecture and pageantry, Winkfield has collaborated with many contemporary poets and writers, including John Ashbery, Harry Mathews, James Schuyler, and Ron Padgett.

## Early life

Born in Leeds, England in 1944, Winkfield had an early interest in medieval heraldry and pageantry that had a major influence on his later work. As a teenager, Winkfield began making what he called "pilgrimages" by bicycle and bus to see single works of art, including works by Francis Bacon and Kurt Schwitters. At the age of sixteen, Winkfield enrolled at Leeds College of Art, which he has described as "a second kindergarten, with no classes to attend (or at least very few) ... everyone was very friendly, a real community." Winkfield has described himself as a "self-taught" painter, viewing his painting as a reaction against the Bauhaus-inspired orientation of the school at the time.
He received an Intermediate Certificate in Art from Leeds College of Art in 1964. From 1964 to 1967, he studied at the Royal College of Art in London, earning an M.A. in fine art.

## Career

Described as a “connoisseur of the original, spare, and strange,” Winkfield has collaborated with John Ashbery, Harry Mathews, Kenward Elmslie, Barbara Guest, Ron Padgett, and John Yau.
Winkfield founded several small poetry journals in the late 1960s, including one called Juilliard, which brought him into association with poets of the New York School, including James Schuyler.
As a painter, Winkfield is represented by Tibor de Nagy Gallery.
He was awarded a Foundation for Contemporary Arts Grants to Artists award (1993).
In 2014, a book-length interview with Winkfield by Miles Champion was published under the title “How I Became a Painter,” and a selection of Winkfield's writings on art was published under the title “Georges Braque & Others: The Selected Art Writings of Trevor Winkfield.”
In 2015, a solo exhibition, entitled “Trevor Winkfield's Pageant,” was mounted at the Poetry Foundation in Chicago, showcasing Winkfield's collaborations with notable poets.