OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Nigeria Institute for Oil Palm Research

Nigeria Institute for Oil Palm Research (NIFOR) is a research center into genetic improvement, production and processing of oil palm, Raphia, date, coconut, Shea and ornamental palms. The Executive Director of the institute is Dr. Celestine Ebehiremhe Ikuenobe.

## History

The Nigeria Institute for Oil Palm Research (NIFOR) was established in 1939, after series of West African Agricultural conferences by the then Colonial Department of Agriculture, 1927, 1930, and 1938. A resolution was reached to the effect that research on crops should be regionalized and be carried out in its appropriate territory. The West African Research Organization was created in 1950 and stretched throughout the west coast.
The Nigeria component was renamed Nigeria Institute for Oil Palm Research (NIFOR) by the Research Institute's Act 33 of 1964. Same year, the institute mandate was expanded to include coconut, raphia, date palm and some skeletal works on coconut mostly to understand the coconut pest and diseases, coconut nutrition.
In 1967 the problems associated with date palm led to the inclusion of research on date palm in her mandate and by 1970 full operation were kick started. In 1992, the control of the institute was moved to the Federal Ministry of Agriculture.

## Activities

The institute had developed the high yielding Tenera oil palm seedlings. NIFOR in partnership with Institute of Agricultural Research and Training (IAR&T), Ibadan is also training scientists on how to read soil information that would serve as a guide for the formulation of fertilizer meant solely for cultivation of oil palm seedlings. The institute also works closely with the Oil Palm Growers Association of Nigeria (OPGAN) which has established a secretariat in NIFOR to close the gap between the oil palm farmers and the research findings and knowledge of the scientists in the institute

## Recruitment

The institute help farmers with technical support and trainings in order for them to adopt to the best practices in Palm oil cultivation and processing, and they also offers student and researchers training programs aiming to build large capacity in the palm oil sector.
# Tromsø Bridge

The Tromsø Bridge (Norwegian: Tromsøbrua) is a cantilever road bridge in the city of Tromsø which is located in Tromsø Municipality in Troms county, Norway. It crosses the Tromsøysundet strait between Tromsdalen on the mainland and the island of Tromsøya. The 1,036-metre-long (3,399 ft) bridge has 58 spans, of which the longest is 80 metres (260 ft) with a maximum clearance to the sea of 38 metres (125 ft).

## History

Construction began in 1958 and the bridge was opened in 1960. At the time of its opening, it was the longest bridge in Northern Europe, with a length of 1,036 metres (3,399 ft). At a cost of 14.5 million kr, the bridge replaced an inefficient ferry connection between the two sides of the strait, and it helped boost the growth and development of Tromsø. Due to severe congestion issues, the mainland road connection was later reinforced by the construction of the Tromsøysund Tunnel in the 1990s. Unlike the tunnel, located almost 3 kilometres (1.9 mi) further north, the Tromsø Bridge leads directly to the city centre of Tromsø.
The Tromsø Bridge was the first cantilever bridge to be built in Norway. Since then, many bridges of this type have been built. The bridge is one of the most important landmarks of Tromsø, and forms part of a motif composed of the Arctic Cathedral, the Tromsdalstinden mountain, and the Tromsø Bridge. In 2000, the Directorate for Cultural Heritage protected the bridge against modifications. In 2005, the fencing was raised by two and a half meters, and seven years later, Norway's road authority planned on adding extra fencing onto many bridges to help prevent suicide.
# Qum Island

Qum Island or Peschanniy (Russian: о́стров Песча́ный; 'Sandy Island'), Azeri: Qum adası) is an island in the Bay of Baku, in the Caspian Sea.

## Geography

Qum Island is 3.21 km (1.99 mi) in length with a maximum width of 0.27 km (0.17 mi). It is a part of the Surakhany raion, located south of Baku, Azerbaijan.
# Church of Santiago (Sariego)

The Church of Santiago (Spanish: Iglesia de Santiago de Sariego or Santiago el mayor) is a Roman Catholic church in the town of Sariego, in the community of Asturias, Spain.
Originally built in the 10th century, the church has pre-Romanesque windows reminiscent of those of the Church of San Salvador de Valdediós. (Pre-Romanesque architecture in Asturias is framed between the years 711 and 910, the period of the creation and expansion of the kingdom of Asturias). It was refurbished in the 15th or 16th centuries.
The church was burned down during the Spanish Civil War and rebuilt..
# Sulqan Rural District

Sulqan Rural District (Persian: دهستان سولقان) is in Kan District of Tehran County, Tehran province, Iran.

## Demographics
### Population

At the time of the 2006 National Census, the rural district's population was 63,514 in 15,837 households. There were 2,469 inhabitants in 739 households at the following census of 2011. The 2016 census measured the population of the rural district as 5,013 in 1,613 households. The most populous of its 16 villages was Vardij, with 778 people.
# Edward H. Wolfe

Edward H. Wolfe (September 26, 1834 – August 17, 1916) was a Union Army officer during the American Civil War
Edward H. Wolfe was born April 26, 1834, at Rushville, Indiana. He attended Miami University (Ohio) and Hanover College. He was a merchant before the Civil War.
Wolfe was appointed major on the 52nd Indiana Infantry Regiment, October 25, 1861. He was promoted to lieutenant colonel, April 26, 1862, and colonel, September 19, 1862. He commanded Brigade 3, Division 3, XVI Corps (Union Army), Army of the Tennessee between January 25, 1864, and February 28, 1864, between May 21, 1864, and September 2, 1864 and between October 1864 and December 5, 1864. He commanded Brigade 3, Division 2, Detachment of XVI Corps in the Department of the Cumberland from December 5, 1864, to February 18, 1865. He was mustered out of the volunteers on January 31, 1865.
On June 27, 1868, President Andrew Johnson nominated Wolfe for appointment to the grade of brevet brigadier general of volunteers, to rank from March 13, 1865, for his service at the Battle of Nashville, and the United States Senate confirmed the appointment on July 18, 1868.
After the war, Wolfe was Indiana State Auditor from 1881 until 1883.
Edward H. Wolfe died at Rushville, Indiana on August 17, 1916. He was buried at East Hill Cemetery (Rushville, Indiana).
# Tommy Martin (boxer)

Thomas Martin (born 20 March 1994) is a British former professional boxer who competed from 2012 to 2016 and challenged once for the Commonwealth super-lightweight title in 2016.

## Career

Martin amassed a professional record of 10 wins and 0 losses before fighting for the English title against Ricky Boylan (12 wins and 1 loss).
The fight took place at the O2 Arena in London, on the under-card of Danny Mitchell vs. Daniel Estrada.
On 12 September 2015, on the undercard of Anthony Joshua vs. Gary Cornish, Martin beat Michael Devine for the WBA Continental super lightweight title. He won the fight by TKO.
Martin then challenged John Wayne Hibbert for two titles: Commonwealth (British Empire) super lightweight title and the WBC International super lightweight title.
Tommy Martin suffered his first defeat on 30 January 2016 at the hands of Hibbert, via KO.
As a result of his knock-out loss, Martin suffered a bleed on the brain which was found following a post-fight MRI scan. Martin announced his retirement on 24 October 2016, after less than 4 years as a professional.
# Alaçam Population Exchange Museum

Alaçam Population Exchange Museum (Turkish: Alaçam Mübadele Müzesi) is a museum in Alaçam in Samsun Province, Turkey.

## Background

According to the Convention Concerning the Exchange of Greek and Turkish Populations signed in Lausanne on 30 January 1923, after the Turkish War of Independence, the Moslem population of Greece (except West Thrace) and the Greek Orthodox population of Turkey (except Istanbul and certain islands) were to be exchanged. This exchange was compulsory, with those involved having no right to ever return to their former homeland. In Turkey, Muslims arriving from Greece were known as mübadils: Mübadele means "exchange" and mübadil means "those who were exchanged".

## The building and the exhibition

The two storey building in a neighborhood named Kızlargarajı is a 19th-century building which was used as a primary school during the Ottoman Empire era. In 2010 it was restored by the local authority of Samsun. In the ground floor, in addition to administrative services, there is a thematic gallery of exchange photos. The exhibition galleries are in the upper floor. These are ethnographic items such as clothes, kitchen tools and chests of the mübadils. Also the copies of the passaports used during the exchange are exhibited.
# Ashtargarden

Ashtargarden (Persian: اشترگردن, also Romanized as Āshtargarden) is a village in Siyahrud Rural District, in the Central District of Tehran County, Tehran Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 61, in 29 families.
# John Gibson Wright

John Gibson Wright (c. 1837 – November 2, 1890) was a Union Army officer during the American Civil War.
Wright was born in New York in about 1837. He was a builder before the Civil War.
Wright started his military service as a private in the New York Militia on April 26, 1861. He was mustered out of the volunteers on June 3, 1861. He re-enlisted and was appointed captain of Company A of the 51st New York Volunteer Infantry Regiment on October 8, 1861. He was promoted to major on March 14, 1863.
During the war Wright served as an assistant adjutant general, assistant inspector general, and provost marshal for the regiment. As assistant engineer on Major General Ambrose Burnside's staff, Wright superintended the building of the earthworks of the Ninth Corps at Petersburg, Virginia.
Wright was captured at the Battle of Peebles's Farm (also known as the Battle of Poplar Springs Church or Poplar Grove Church), during the Siege of Petersburg on September 30, 1864. He was exchanged in February 1865. After he was exchanged Wright took command of Camp Auger, near Alexandria, Virginia.
Wright was appointed lieutenant colonel, April 20, 1865, and colonel, May 18, 1865. He was mustered out of the volunteers with his regiment on July 25, 1865. On February 24, 1866, President Andrew Johnson nominated Wright for appointment to the grade of brevet brigadier general of volunteers, to rank from March 13, 1865, and the United States Senate confirmed the appointment on April 10, 1866.
After the war, Wright was a road and railroad contractor in the New York City and St. Louis areas.
Gibson's wife predeceased him. His obituary notes that he had two sons in Scotland at the date of his death. Gibson died at New York City on November 2, 1890. He is buried at Mount Pleasant Cemetery (Newark, New Jersey).
# District of Arizona

District of Arizona was a subordinate district of the Department of New Mexico territory created on August 30, 1862 and transferred to the Department of the Pacific in March 1865.

## District of Arizona (Dept. of New Mexico) commanders

Headquarters at Franklin, Texas, then Mesilla Post until 1864.
* James H. Carleton – August 30, 1862 – September 5, 1862
* Joseph R. West – September 5, 1862 – January 29, 1864
* George W. Bowie – January 29, 1864 – November 1864
* Joseph R. Smith – November 1864 – December 8, 1864

## District of Arizona (Dept. of the Pacific) commanders

Headquarters Prescott, Arizona
* John S. Mason – March 7, 1865 – July 27, 1865
On July 27, 1865 the Military Division of the Pacific was created under Major General Henry W. Halleck, replacing the Department of the Pacific, consisting of the Department of the Columbia and the expanded Department of California, that absorbed the District of Southern California and that consisted of the States of California and Nevada and the District of New Mexico in the Territory of New Mexico and District of Arizona in the Territory of Arizona.
Arizona remained a district until it became the Department of Arizona under the Military Division of the Pacific on April 15, 1870. Colonel George Stoneman transitioned from district to department commander, serving until June 4, 1871. The new department consisted of Arizona Territory and California south of a line from the northwest corner of Arizona to Point Conception so as to include most of Southern California.

## District of Arizona (Military Division of the Pacific) commanders

* Major John S. Mason – March 7, 1865 – April 30, 1866
* Lt. Col. Henry D. Wallen – June 10 – August 11, 1866
* Colonel Charles S. Lovell – August 11, 1866 – October 12, 1867
* Colonel Thomas L. Crittenden – October 12, 1867 – August 29, 1868
* Colonel Thomas C. Devin – August 29, 1868 – August 16, 1869
* Colonel George Stoneman – August 16, 1869 – May 3, 1870

## Posts

* Fort Buchanan – 1856–1861, 1862
* Fort Breckenridge – 1857–1861, Fort Stanford 1862, Camp Wright 1865, Camp Grant – 1865–1873
* Fort Mojave – 1858–1861, 1863–1890
* Fort Tucson – 1860–1862
** Tucson Armory – 1862–1864
* Fort Barrett – 1862
* Fort Bowie – 1862–1894
* Mission Camp, near Nogales – 1862
* Fort Tubac – 1862–1865, 1866–1868
* Camp La Paz – September 1863 – 1864, sub post of Fort Mohave between Olive City and La Paz, Arizona.
* Camp at Bear Spring – 1863–1864
* Fort Cerro – 1863 – ?
* Fort Canby – 1863–1864
* Camp Clark – 1863–1864, renamed Fort Whipple – 1864–1869
* Camp Pomeroy – 1863
* Camp on the Colorado River, Camp Colorado – 1864–1871, near Parker
* Fort Verde – 1864–1866
* Yuma Depot – 1864–1891
* Post at Calabasas 1865, Fort Mason – 1865–1866, Camp McKee 1866 in Rio Rico, Arizona
* Camp Cameron – 1866–1867, in Madera Canyon
* Camp Alexander – 1867, 12 miles up river from Fort Mohave at a crossing on the Colorado River.
* Camp Willow Grove – 1867–1869, south of Valentine
* Camp Devin, renamed Camp Toll Gate until 1870, Camp Hualpai – 1869–1873, near Paulden
# Situ Lembang Park

Situ Lembang Park (Indonesian: Taman Situ Lembang) is a park located at Menteng, Jakarta, Indonesia. Situ means lake, while Lembang is the name of the road adjacent the park. The park is nestled within houses of Menteng residential area and located close to another park Taman Suropati.
The park is one of the oldest parks in Jakarta, which has a lake. There are fishing facilities, running tracks and children's playgrounds in the park. There are also plenty of mobile food stall that sells variety of food and drink.

## History

At first the park was the Cideng river subsystem reservoir, to hold water from surrounding sources. It was built in 1918 The Municipal Government then added an open stage. In 1984 the department of parks of Jakarta renovated the lake, and added four fountains filled with lotus flowers, and fishing stalls. In 2002, the park was renovated again by the Parks Service so that it was more suitable for use as a public park.
# Department of Key West

Department of Key West, was a military department of the Union Army created in February 1862 from the Department of Florida. It had command over the posts that were newly captured by “Expeditionary Corps” combined of Army and Navy units under Brigadier General Thomas W. Sherman and Flag Officer Samuel Francis Du Pont. These were posts at Fernandina, St. Augustine and the forces investing Fort Pulaski and blockading the Savannah River on Tybee Island at the mouth of the river.
This department was merged into the Department of the South on March 15, 1862, before the capture of Fort Pulaski on April 11, 1862.

## Commander

* Brigadier General J. M. Brannan, February 21, 1862, to March 15, 1862.

## Posts of the Department of Key West

* Fernandina, Florida March 3, 1862 - March 15, 1862
** Fort Clinch
* St. Augustine, Florida March 11, 1862 - March 15, 1862
** Fort Marion March 11, 1862 - March 15, 1862
* Tybee Island, Georgia near Fort Pulaski Nov. 1861 - March 15, 1862
# Staromukhametovo

Staromukhametovo (Russian: Старомухаметово; Bashkir: Иҫке Мөхәмәт, İśke Möxämät) is a rural locality (a village) in Ibrayevsky Selsoviet, Kiginsky District, Bashkortostan, Russia. The population was 460 as of 2010. There are 7 streets.

## Geography

Staromukhametovo is located 21 km southwest of Verkhniye Kigi (the district's administrative centre) by road. Yagunovo is the nearest rural locality.
# Percy Mansell Jones

Percy Mansell Jones (11 April 1889 - 24 January 1968) was a Welsh Professor of French.
He was born 11 April 1889 at Carmarthen to Arnaud Johnson Jones and his wife. He started his education at Queen Elizabeth Grammar School in Carmarthen before going on to gain a first-class honours degree in French in 1908 at Aberystwyth University. He later went on to achieving a master's degree. After his time at Aberystwyth, he attended Balliol College, Oxford, where he obtained a B.Litt.
He became a lecturer at various universities, specialising in French literature and history and modern French poetry. He obtained the position of lecturer at Aberystwyth University, University College of South Wales, Cambridge University and Cardiff. He was appointed Professor of French at Bangor University in 1937 and went on to hold the position of the first Professor of Modern French Literature at the University of Manchester in 1951. In 1960, he was honoured with an Hon. D.Litt degree from the University of Wales which was given to him soon after his retirement.
P Mansell Jones specialised in modern French poetry which provided a natural sensitivity and understanding to various French poets. For example, he studied poets such as Emile Verhaeren and Baudelaire. This is highlighted in his book The Oxford Book of French Verse, published in 1957. As well as a passion for French poetry, he wrote various essays highlighting his interest in understanding French thought and contemporary issues. These essays are: French Introspectives (1937), The Background of Modern French Poetry (1951) and Tradition and Barbarism (1930).
He died on 24 January 1968.
# Zhong Huandi

Zhong Huandi (Chinese: 钟焕娣; born 28 June 1967 in Yunnan) is a retired Chinese long-distance runner who concentrated on the 3000 and 10,000 metres, and later the marathon. She became a four-time Asian champion and two-time World Championships silver medalist. On 8 September 1993, she became the second fastest 10,000 meter runner of all time, only surpassed by Wang Junxia, the winner of that same race by more than half a lap in what remained the world record until the 2016 Olympics. Both runners surpassed the standing world record by Ingrid Kristiansen.

## International competitions

Representing  China :
| Year | Competition | Venue | Position | Event | Notes |
| 1987 | Universiade | Zagreb, Yugoslavia | 2nd | 10,000 m | |
| 1988 | World Road Race Championships | Adelaide, Australia | 4th | 15 km | 50:29 |
| 1988 | Olympic Games | Seoul, South Korea | 30th | Marathon | 2:36:02 |
| 1989 | World Road Race Championships | Rio de Janeiro, Brazil | 2nd | 15 km | 49:44 |
| 1990 | Asian Games | Beijing, China | 1st | 3000 m | |
| 1990 | Asian Games | Beijing, China | 1st | 10,000 m | |
| 1991 | World Championships | Tokyo, Japan | 2nd | 10,000 m | 31:35.08 |
| 1991 | World Road Race Championships | Dublin, Ireland | 3rd | 15 km | 50:19 |
| 1992 | Olympic Games | Barcelona, Spain | 4th | 10,000 m | 31:21.08 |
| 1992 | World Cup | Habana, Cuba | 3rd | 10,000 m | |
| 1993 | World Championships | Stuttgart, Germany | 2nd | 10,000 m | 31:12.55 |
| 1993 | East Asian Games | Shanghai, China | 1st | 10,000 m | |
| 1994 | Asian Games | Hiroshima, Japan | 1st | Marathon | 2:29:32 |
# Xenon Mikhailidis

Xenon Mikhailidis (Greek: Ζήνων Μιχαηλίδης) was a Greek shooter. He competed at the 1896 Summer Olympics in Athens. Michailidis competed in the free rifle event and military pistol event. His place and score in those competitions are not known, though he did not finish in the top five.
# Cultus Bay

Cultus Bay (Lushootseed: dəgʷasx̌) is a bay in Island County, in the U.S. state of Washington.
The name "Cultus" (kʰəltəs in modern Grande Ronde orthography) means "worthless" in Chinook Jargon. In Lushootseed, the name is dəgʷasx̌ (also spelled dəgʷadᶻq). There are multiple possible meanings of dəgʷasx̌. Possible meanings include "inside the basket" or "lots of little crabs."
The dəgʷasx̌abš, a Snohomish subgroup, had their main village on the sand spit on the eastern side of the bay. The village was highly influential and prestigious, and was widely known at the time. The village was composed of a great potlatch house, three longhouses, and two single-family houses. The longhouses and potlatch house each had several families living in it. The potlatch house in the village brought visitors from as far as the Duwamish and Suquamish.
Around 1855, a small stone wall was constructed around the village to keep the spit from being washed away. In 1877, most of the residents left to the Tulalip Reservation. The village was abandoned sometime after this, although by 1953, there were still three Snohomish living in the area.
The Cultus Bay Estuary has been diked off, minimizing open tidal exchange. A tide-gate and a small culvert allow for a little salt water exchange.
# Darka and Slavko

Darka & Slavko (Ukrainian: Дарка й Славко, romanized: Darka y Slavko) was a popular musical duo of two first-generation Ukrainian Americans based in New York City, Darka Konopada (Ukrainian: Дарка Конопада) and Slavko Halatyn (Ukrainian: Славко Галатин), who met in the mid-1980's through their involvement with a Ukrainian college group's poetry reading for political prisoners. This launched a ten-year musical collaboration as well as an eight-year marriage.
Under the name Darka & Slavko, the duo released four albums and produced various projects for other musicians. Their work focused on creating a sound that combined traditional Ukrainian music with contemporary flavors.
Their first, self-titled album, included a cover of Volodymyr Ivasyuk's "Chervona Ruta", arranged to a reggae beat.
Their second album, Khvylyna, gave way to more sophisticated arrangements, and the duo began to write original songs. In 1995, Darka & Slavko released their final studio album, Povir, which consisted entirely of original compositions. The track "Spivtsi" debuted at Ukraine's first contemporary music festival, Chervona Ruta, in 1989, where the duo and their newly formed group won Favorite International Band.
Darka & Slavko continued to perform around the world, and in addition to their studio work, they also recorded a live album with jazz renditions of their favorite songs. In 1997, the two split up personally and professionally.
Both have continued their music careers. Halatyn recorded an album in 2001, titled The Weight of Words, under the name Slau, and Konopada sings under the name Darka Dusty.
In July 2012, Darka & Slavko agreed to perform a reunion concert at the Ukrainian American Youth Association in Ellenville, New York.

## Discography

* Darka & Slavko (1987)
* Khvylyna (Хвилина) (1987)
* Povir (Повір) (1995)
* Unplugged (1995)
* Retro Perspective (2012)