OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Grzegorz Kurec

Grzegorz Kurec (Belarusian: Рыгор Курец, romanized: Ryhor Kurets, Lithuanian: Grigas Kurecas; 5 May 1868 – 6 March 1942) was a Polish entrepreneur, architect, and builder of Belarusian origins. He established one of the largest paper factories of the time, Grigiškės, and was the founder of the city of Grigiškės. His son, Włodzimierz, was a pilot and rally driver.

## Background

Kurec was born in 1868 into a Belarusian farming family in Shypki [be] village (Belarusian: Шыпкі). As a child, he developed an interest in mechanics and worked as an apprentice and metalworker in several factories in Vilnius. He gained valuable experience at the Putilov Company and later through private orders.

## Career

In the autumn of 1925, he opened Grigiškės, which had a production capacity of 5 tons of paper per year. However, the factory was nationalized in 1940 when the Soviets took over. The value of all of Kurec's property was estimated to be 8 million litas.
# Roman Catholic Diocese of Simdega

The Roman Catholic Diocese of Simdega (Latin: Simdegaën(sis)) is a diocese located in the city of Simdega in the ecclesiastical province of Ranchi in India.

## History

* May 28, 1993: Established as Diocese of Simdega from the Metropolitan Archdiocese of Ranchi

## Leadership

* Bishops of Simdega (Latin Rite)
** Bishop Vincent Barwa (February 11, 2008 – present)
** Bishop Joseph Minj (May 28, 1993 – February 11, 2008)
# Kızılelma Cave

Kızılelma Cave (Turkish: Kızılelma Mağarası) is a cave in the Ayiçi naeihborhood of Zonguldak, northern Turkey. It is the country's second longest cave.
# Avdon

Avdon (Hebrew: עַבְדּוֹן) is a moshav in northern Israel. Located near Shlomi, it falls under the jurisdiction of Ma'ale Yosef Regional Council. In 2022 it had a population of 674.

## History

The village was established in 1952 by immigrants from Iran and Tunisia, and was initially named Kfar Avdon (lit. Avdon Village) after the biblical city of Abdon in the lades of the Asher tribe (Joshua 21:30), which was located in the area. Immigrants from the Azerbaijan region of Iran living on the moshav were commissioned to design brightly colored rugs in floral motifs which were sold by Maskit, a outlet for Israeli designed fashion and handicrafts established by Ruth Dayan in the 1950s.
Farms in Avdon grow avocado, lychee and bananas.
# Liteyny Avenue

59°56′27″N 30°20′54″E﻿ / ﻿59.9408°N 30.3483°E﻿ / 59.9408; 30.3483
Liteyny Avenue (Russian: Литейный проспект, Liteyny prospekt) is a wide avenue in the Central District of Saint Petersburg, Russia. The avenue runs from Liteyny Bridge to Nevsky Avenue.
The avenue originated in 1738 when the forest was cleared to make a trail from Nevsky Prospekt to a foundry (est. 1711) at the banks of Neva River. The Russian word "liteyny" means "metal casting" as an adjective, hence the street name.
Soon after the October Revolution, the avenue was named Prospekt Volodarskogo after the Russian revolutionary V. Volodarsky. In 1944, the historic name was restored.

## Notable locations

* No. 4 – the Big House, former NKVD building, currently local city government office.
* No. 14 – the 19th-century Varvara Dolgoruky mansion.
* No. 24 – Muruzi House with Joseph Brodsky apartment.
* No. 36 – Nekrasov Museum.
* No. 37 – Department of Crown Domain ('Dom departamenta udelov'), 1840s, Harold Bosse.
* No. 42 – former Zinaida Yusupova mansion, currently St. Petersburg Institute of International Trade, Economics and Law.
* No. 56 – Mariinsky Hospital (built by Giacomo Quarenghi).

## Footnotes

* ↑ "One-hour Walk: Liteyny Avenue" (in Russian). Vedomosti SPb. 2015-01-21. Retrieved 2020-02-08.
* ↑ Zinovieff, Hughes & FitzLyon 2003, p. 233.
* ↑ Shvidkovsky 2007, p. 339.
# Eitan, Israel

Eitan (Hebrew: אֵיתָן, lit. 'Enduring') is a national-religious moshav in south-central Israel. Located in the southern Shephelah, it falls under the jurisdiction of Shafir Regional Council. In 2022 it had a population of 565.

## Etymology

The name is taken from the biblical verse Numbers 24:21; "...Enduring is your dwelling place ...".

## History

The village was established in 1955 by Jewish immigrants from Tunisia.
The settlement is an agricultural cooperative, their main crops are citrus fruits, various fruits and vegetables.
# Baron of Berenberg-Gossler

Baron of Berenberg-Gossler (German: Freiherr von Berenberg-Gossler) is a title in the German nobility, specifically the nobility of the Kingdom of Prussia, created in 1910 for banker Johann von Berenberg-Gossler of the Hamburg Hanseatic Berenberg-Gossler family. The title is held by one person at a time and is tied to an entailed estate (Fideikommiss), Gut Niendorf. For this reason, it is not always inherited by the eldest son. The title is currently (since 1997) held by humanitarian Cornelius von Berenberg-Gossler. The first three title holders were all heads of Berenberg Bank.

## Barons of Berenberg-Gossler

* Johann von Berenberg-Gossler 1910–1913
* Cornelius von Berenberg-Gossler 1913–1953
* Heinrich von Berenberg-Gossler 1953–1997
* Cornelius von Berenberg-Gossler 1997–
# Föra Church

Föra Church (Swedish: Föra kyrka) is a Lutheran church on the Swedish island of Öland, in the Baltic Sea. It belongs to the Diocese of Växjö. Dating from the Middle Ages, it was heavily reconstructed during the 19th century.

## History and architecture

The first church on this spot was a stave church, built in the 11th century. Traces of the stave church can still be discerned in the church tower. The wooden church was replaced by a stone church during the 1160s, and during the same century it was rebuilt into a fortified church. The church eventually had two towers as well as a fighting platform. Of this medieval church only the tower remains today, however. In 1825 the congregation decided to replace the old church with a new one, and in 1828 the church was demolished. A new, Neoclassical church was added to the still standing western tower. The tower itself was slightly altered and a roof lantern was added to it. The new church was inaugurated in 1837, while its southern portal was added as late as 1863 and carries the monogram of King Charles XV.
Apart from the western tower, the church is Neoclassical in style both inside and outside. The architect was C. Blom-Carlsson. Under the floor of the church, the foundations of the medieval church still exist. The tower is an unusually well-preserved defensive medieval church tower. It still contains vaulted rooms, storage facilities and a privy, which is possibly the oldest privy in Sweden. The tower has probably been used as a shelter both during peace and war, and remains of scraps of food, clothes and tokens for board games have been found there.
Among the church fittings, the dominating altarpiece was made in 1776 by the local artist Anders Georg Wadsten and so is incorporated into the 19th century church from the old church. The church also still contains several medieval items. The baptismal font dates from the 13th century, the altar is from the 12th and made of sandstone from Gotland. There is also a late medieval crucifix and two medieval sculptures, one from the late 14th century and one from c. 1500. The pulpit dates from 1762.
# Sao Hin

Sao Hin (Thai: เสาหิน) is a river village and tambon (sub-district) of Mae Sariang District, in Mae Hong Son Province, Thailand. In 2005, it had a population of 2,691. The tambon contains six villages.
# John Therry Catholic High School

John Therry Catholic College is a systemic Roman Catholic co-educational secondary day school, located in Rosemeadow, Campbelltown, New South Wales, Australia, established in the tradition of the Marist Brothers. Karen Young was appointed principal in 2008.In 2018 Wayne Marshall was appointed Principal and the college has gone from strength to strength. 2021 saw the Colleges best ever HSC results and the school was ranked 195th in the state – a rise of 260 places over two years.

## History

John Therry Catholic High School opened on 9 February 1981, enrolling 300 students for Years 7 to 9. The principal at opening was Brother Clarence Cunningham, until 1986, when he moved to Mount Carmel High School.
International triathlete Natalie Van Coevorden attended the school around the early 2000s.
# Mount Kliment Ohridski

Mount Kliment Ohridski (Bulgarian: връх Климент Охридски, romanized: vrah Kliment Ohridski, IPA:) is the highest ridge (1422m) in the Sofia University Mountains on Alexander Island, Antarctica. The feature extends 7 km in the northwest–southeast direction with partly ice-free southern slopes. Shaw Nunatak is located in Nichols Snowfield 4 km off the southeast extremity of Mount Kliment Ohridski.
Following field work in northern Alexander Island by a joint British-Bulgarian party during the summer of 1987–88, the peak was named for Clement of Ohrid in association with the St. Kliment Ohridski University of Sofia.

## Location

The peak is located at 69°31′04″S 71°23′30″W﻿ / ﻿69.51778°S 71.39167°W﻿ / -69.51778; -71.39167 which is 8.7 km northeast of Mount Devol, 7.15 km east-southeast of Mount Wilbye and 9.12 km south of the summit of Balan Ridge (British mapping of the area from air photos taken by the 1947-48 US Expedition under Ronne).

## Maps

* British Antarctic Territory. Scale 1:200000 topographic map No. 3127. DOS 610 - W 69 70. Tolworth, UK, 1971.
* Antarctic Digital Database (ADD). Scale 1:250000 topographic map of Antarctica. Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research (SCAR), 1993–2016.
# Hogsthorpe

Hogsthorpe is a small village in the East Lindsey district of Lincolnshire, England. It is situated approximately 2 miles (3 km) from the North Sea and Chapel St Leonards, and about 7 miles (11 km) north from Skegness. The A52 road runs through Hogsthorpe, connecting the village to the nearby resorts of Skegness, Mablethorpe and Ingoldmells.
The parish includes the hamlets of Slackholme and Authorpe Row.
Hogsthorpe contains a church, a restaurant, two public houses, a small primary school and a village hall.

## History

Hogsthorpe's church, dedicated to Saint Mary, is built in Early English style of limestone and greenstone, and is a Grade I Listed Building. It dates from the 12th century, and has a 12th-century tower, a 15th-century font and a pulpit from 1730. The chancel was rebuilt in 1870, and the church was restored in 1853 and 1910.
In 1885 Kelly's reported a Wesleyan and a Primitive Methodist chapel, corn mills and brickfields. Chief landowners included Baroness Willoughby de Eresby and Lord of the Manor Lieutenant Colonel Sir Nelson Rycroft bart of Kempshott Park. The parish had an area of 2,870 acres (11.6 km$^2$) supporting the production of wheat, beans and oats, and an 1881 population of 719.
The Wesleyan chapel was built in 1863, but closed in 1994 and was converted into flats in 1997.
The Saracens Head is a Grade II listed early 18th-century public house.
Built as a National School in 1857, Hogsthorpe school was the Hogsthorpe County Primary School between 1947 and 1999, and is now the Hogsthorpe Community Primary School.
The village was the birthplace of politician Christopher Addison, 1st Viscount Addison.

## Population

Population of Hogsthorpe Civil Parish :
| Year | 1801 | 1811 | 1821 | 1831 | 1841 | 1851 | 1881 | 1891 | 1901 | 1911 | 1921 | 1931 | 1951 | 1961 | 2001 | 2011 |
| Population | 451 | 515 | 591 | 698 | 790 | 832 | 719 | 684 | 610 | 590 | 511 | 531 | 599 | 494 | 873 | 908 |

## Geography

vteDestinations from Hogsthorpe :
Mumby, Huttoft, Louth
Anderby, Sandilands, Mablethorpe
Anderby Creek
Willoughby, Ulceby, Alford
Hogsthorpe
Chapel St Leonards
Welton le Marsh, Orby Spilsby
Addlethorpe, Winthorpe, Skegness
Ingoldmells :
# Matrayevo

Matrayevo (Russian: Матраево; Bashkir: Матрай, Matray) is a rural locality (a selo) and the administrative centre of Matrayevsky Selsoviet, Zilairsky District, Bashkortostan, Russia. The population was 940 as of 2010. There are 12 streets.

## Geography

Matrayevo is located 55 km east of Zilair (the district's administrative centre) by road. Balapan is the nearest rural locality.
# Prunus brasiliensis

Prunus brasiliensis is a species of tree in the family Rosaceae. It is native to Brazil and north-eastern Argentina.

## Description

Prunus brasiliensis is a tree up to 20 metres (66 feet) tall and 50 centimetres (20 inches) dbh, with a straight or slightly irregular trunk. The small white flowers are arranged in axillary racemes 2–10 cm (3⁄4–4 in) long; petals up to 15 millimetres (5⁄8 inch) long.

## Distribution and habitat

The species occurs in Brazil and northwestern Argentina, in forests up to 500 m (1,600 ft) in elevation.
# Qing-class submarine

The Chinese submarine with the hull number 201 is a Chinese diesel–electric auxiliary submarine. It is used to test systems and technologies, including test launching ballistic missiles (SLBM). 201 is the sole member of its class, designated Type 032 (NATO reporting name: Qing).

## History

201 commissioned into the People's Liberation Army Navy (PLAN) in 2012; the previous SLBM testbed, a Golf-class submarine (Type 031), subsequently decommissioned in 2013. It participated in testing the JL-2 SLBM. 201 made the first three JL-3 test launches starting in 2018.

## Description

201 resembles an enlarged Type 039A submarine, with bow-mounted retractable diving planes, instead of sail-mounted. The sail is disproportionately long, and extends below the keel like the Golf-class; at least one ballistic missile launch tube is fitted at the rear of the sail. In 2017, the height of the rear sail was increased, likely to support the larger JL-3.
# Charlie Tyrell

Charlie Tyrell (born 1988) is a Canadian film director. He is most noted for his short documentary film My Dead Dad's Porno Tapes, which won the Canadian Screen Award for Best Short Documentary at the 7th Canadian Screen Awards.

## Early life and education

Born and raised in Hamilton, Ontario, Tyrell studied film at Ryerson University.

## Career

In addition to My Dead Dad's Porno Tapes, he directed the films I Thought I Told You to Shut Up!!, Go to Hell, and Broken Orchestra.
He has also directed music videos for Harrison, The Precious Lo's, Keita Juma and McCallaman.
# Benaceur

Benaceur (Arabic: ﺑﻦ ﻧﺎﺻﺮ) (sometimes written Ben Nasseur) is a town and commune in Taibet District, Touggourt Province, Algeria. According to the 2008 census it has a population of 10,330, up from the 1998 census when it had a population of 7,808. The annual population growth rate is estimated at 2.9%.

## History

The area was initially settled in the mid-19th century.

## Geography

Benaceur lies at an elevation of 70 metres (230 ft) surrounded by the palm trees of its oasis, one of many scattered oases lying between Touggourt and El Oued. Beyond the oasis are the sand dunes of the Grand Erg Oriental desert.

## Transportation

Benaceur lies directly on the N16 national highway between Touggourt to the west and El Oued to the east. Nearby towns include M'Naguer, directly on the N16 5 kilometres (3.1 mi) to the west, and Taibet, the district capital, which is 6 kilometres (3.7 mi) to the southwest and accessible by a local road that leaves the N16 to the south. Benaceur is 200 kilometres (120 mi) by road from the provincial capital, Ouargla.

## Economy

The economy of the area is primarily agricultural, centered on palm farming as well as other crops such as potatoes, onions, and garlic. There are an estimated 9521 goats, 1230 sheep, 850 camels, and around 20 cows in the district.
The other main industry in Benaceur is the textile industry, mainly focused on wool and cotton.

## Infrastructure

Drinking water is available to 98% of the population. However, a sewerage system for all residents has not yet been completed.

## Education

There are nine elementary schools and one secondary school in the town.

## Localities

The commune is composed of nine localities:
* Benaceur
* Benaceur El Gharbi
* Khoubent
* El Mezabi
* Erg Debadib
* Sokra
* Omih El Righi
* El Mor
* Chouchat Chaamba
# Ek Phaali Rodh

Ek Phaali Rodh (English: A Ray of Light) is a 2014 Bengali film directed by Atanu Ghosh and produced by Bitan Roy and Antara Ghosh for Teamwork Communication. The music is composed by Joy Sarkar. It is Atanu Ghosh's fourth feature film after Angshumaner Chhobi, Takhan Teish and Rupkatha Noy.

## Plot

Dr. Somshankar Roy, a social scientist, engages Swagato and Anwesha to create 'mock' crisis on the streets. The aim was to observe reactions of people to different forms of crisis happening around them, and to analyse and derive conclusions about human behaviour from them. But all theories and deductions go astray when they come face to face with a real crisis in their own lives and cannot decipher whether the crisis is MOCK or REAL.

## Storyline

Dr. SOMSHANKAR ROY, a social scientist, engages two young people SWAGATO and ANWESHA to create ‘mock’ crisis on the streets. The aim was to observe reactions of people to different forms of crisis happening around them, and to analyse and derive conclusions on Bystander effect from them. Anwesha is a post-graduate in sociology and comes from a well-to-do family. She is engaged to JOY, a celebrity singer. Swagato hails from a middle-class family, has a diploma in journalism but never got a decent job. Swagato has a steady relation with RUPA, who resides in a colony. Days back, Rupa’s mother has been diagnosed to be suffering from cancer. Now they are in acute crisis as Rupa’s mother is the only earning member of the family. PRATIM GUHA, a blind writer of love stories learns about Dr. Roy’s experiment, finds it quite interesting and involves himself with the project in pursuit of a plot. Pratim is dynamic and wants to live life on his own terms. But he is also intensely romantic and emotional. He lends yet another dimension to the curious relationship developing between the six people, namely Somshankar, Anwesha, Swagato, Joy, Rupa and Pratim. But all theories and deductions go astray when one of them suddenly goes missing and the rest cannot decipher whether the crisis is mock or real.

## World Premiere

Ek Phaali Rodh (A Ray of light) had its World Premiere at the Shanghai International Film Festival in June 2014.

## Cast

* Dhritiman Chatterjee as Dr. Somshankar Roy
* Ritwick Chakraborty as Swagato
* Aparajita Ghosh Das as Anwesha
* Jisshu Sengupta as Joy
* Tota Roychowdhury as Pratim
* Mahua Halder as Rupa
* Arunima Ghosh as Mimi
* Barun Chanda as Rajat Gupta
# Uptar

Uptar (Russian: Уптар) is an urban locality (an urban-type settlement) under the administrative jurisdiction of the Town of Magadan in Magadan Oblast, Russia. Population: 1,991 (2010 Census); 2,311 (2002 Census);
# Sulyayevsky

Sulyayevsky (Russian: Суляевский) is a rural locality (a khutor) and the administrative center of Sulyayevskoye Rural Settlement, Kumylzhensky District, Volgograd Oblast, Russia. The population was 682 as of 2010. There are 18 streets.

## Geography

Sulyayevsky is located in forest steppe, on Khopyorsko-Buzulukskaya Plain, on the bank of the Kumylga River, 25 km north of Kumylzhenskaya (the district's administrative centre) by road. Tyurinsky is the nearest rural locality.
# Beatriz Martins

Beatriz Cordeiro Martins (born 15 May 1994) is a Portuguese trampoline gymnast. She competed at the 2015 European Games, where she won the women's synchronized bronze medal together with Ana Rente.
# FC Avangard Podolsk

FC Avangard Podolsk (Russian: ФК «Авангард» Подольск) was a Russian association football club from Podolsk, existed in 2001–2010. The club played in the Russian Second Division in 2009–2010. In the past, the club was called FC Vityaz-2 Podolsk (2001–2005) and FC ZIO-Podolsk (2006–2007). In December 2010 it merged with FC Vityaz Podolsk.
# Karoline Bayer

Karoline Bayer (1758–1803) was a celebrated 18th-century violinist. Born in Vienna, she was the daughter of a trumpeter in the imperial court. She also composed music, but her works have not survived. She performed successfully on the stages of Berlin and Hamburg in 1773 and in Lübeck in 1776. She was invited to play at the court of Frederick the Great. The king, who played the flute, accompanied her. She died in Vienna in 1803.
# Arcadia, Michigan

Arcadia is an unincorporated community and census-designated place (CDP) in Arcadia Township, Manistee County, Michigan, United States. Its population was 309 as of the 2020 census. But in the 2024 census it was 125. The community is located along M-22 and the Lake Michigan shore. Arcadia has a post office with ZIP code 49613.

## Geography

Arcadia is in northwestern Manistee County and is bordered to the west by Lake Michigan and to the south by Arcadia Lake, connected to the larger lake by an artificial channel. Highway M-22 passes through the community, leading north 10 miles (16 km) to Elberta and south the same distance to Onekama. Manistee, the county seat, is 23 miles (37 km) to the south.
According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the Arcadia CDP has an area of 0.60 square miles (1.6 km$^2$), all land.

## Demographics

In 2022 its poverty rate was 10.7%, its median household income was $77500, and its median property value was $247200. In 2022 its citizenship was at 98.7%.

## Famous residents

Aviator Harriet Quimby was born in Arcadia.
# Nottingham Effect

The Nottingham Effect is a surface cooling and heating mechanism that occurs during field and thermionic electron emission. which is named for physicist Wayne B. Nottingham who first described it during his research on thermionic electron emission. Notably, the effect can be either heating or cooling of the surface emitting the electrons, depending upon the energy at which they are supplied; when the emission energy exceeds the Fermi energy of the electron supply, the emitted electron carries more energy away from the surface than is returned by the supply of a replacement electron, and the net heat flux from the Nottingham effect switches from positive to negative; this is known as the Nottingham Inversion Temperature or simply Nottingham Temperature.
Along with Joule heating, the Nottingham effect contributes to the thermal equilibrium of electron emission systems, typically becoming the dominant contributor at very high emission current densities. It comes into play in the operation of field emission array cathodes and other devices that rely upon stimulating Fowler-Nordheim electron emission, usually at the apex of a sharp tip used to create a field enhancement effect. In extreme cases, the Nottingham Effect can heat the emitter tips to temperatures exceeding the melting point of the tip material, causing the tip to deform and emit material that may cause a vacuum arc; this is a significant failure mode for tip-based cathodes
# Olenivka, Kalmiuske Raion, Donetsk Oblast

Olenivka (Ukrainian: Оленівка; Russian: Оленовка, romanized: Olenovka) is a rural settlement in Kalmiuske Raion, Donetsk Oblast, eastern Ukraine. It is located 20.5 kilometres (12.7 mi) southwest from the center of the city of Donetsk. It had a population of 4,513 (2022 estimate).

## History

Beginning in April 2014, the ongoing Russo-Ukrainian war and related war in Donbas has brought both civilian and military casualties.
Since 2014, the town is controlled by the separatist Donetsk People's Republic, and it was annexed by Russia in 2022 following internationally unrecognized referendums. On 29 July 2022, the Olenivka prison massacre of Ukrainian prisoners of war took place near the settlement.

## Demographics

According to the 2001 Ukrainian census, the settlement had 4801 inhabitants. The population is vastly Ukrainophone.
Native languages in Olenivka
Languages
percent
Ukrainian
81.5%
Russian
17.8%
Belarusian
0.1%
others
0.6% :