OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Mae Daet

Mae Daet (Thai: แม่แดด) is a tambon (subdistrict) of Galyani Vadhana District, in Chiang Mai Province, Thailand. In 2012 it had a population of 3,601 people.

## History

The subdistrict was created in 1995, when five administrative villages were split off from Ban Chan subdistrict.

## Administration

The subdistrict is divided into eight administrative villages. The Mae Daet Subdistrict administrative organization is the local government responsible for the subdistrict area, established in 1999.
| No. | Name | Thai |
| 1. | Ban Mae Pha Pu | บ้านแม่ผาปู |
| 2. | Ban Mae Tala Nuea | บ้านแม่ตะละเหนือ |
| 3. | Ban Mae Tala Tai | บ้านแม่ตะละใต้ |
| 4. | Ban Mae Daed Noi | บ้านแม่แดดน้อย |
| 5. | Ban Huai Pu | บ้านห้วยปู |
| 6. | Ban Dong Sam Muen | บ้านดงสามหมื่น |
| 7. | Ban Mae Tala Mong | บ้านแม่ตะละม้ง |
| 8. | Ban Mae Tala Mong Mai | บ้านแม่ตะละม้งใหม่ |
Administrative village 8 was established on 14 January 2014.
# Lists of newspaper endorsements in United States presidential elections

Newspapers in the United States have traditionally endorsed candidates for party nomination and President. See:

## Primaries

* Newspaper endorsements in the 2008 United States presidential primaries
* Newspaper endorsements in the 2012 United States presidential primaries
* Newspaper endorsements in the 2016 United States presidential primaries
* News media endorsements in the 2020 United States presidential primaries
* News media endorsements in the 2024 United States presidential primaries

## General elections

* Newspaper endorsements in the 1900 United States presidential election
* Newspaper endorsements in the 1904 United States presidential election
* Newspaper endorsements in the 1992 United States presidential election
* Newspaper endorsements in the 1996 United States presidential election
* Newspaper endorsements in the 2004 United States presidential election
* Newspaper endorsements in the 2008 United States presidential election
** Newspaper endorsements for John McCain in the 2008 United States presidential election
** Newspaper endorsements for Barack Obama in the 2008 United States presidential election
* Newspaper endorsements in the 2012 United States presidential election
* Newspaper endorsements in the 2016 United States presidential election
* News media endorsements in the 2020 United States presidential election
* News media endorsements in the 2024 United States presidential election
# Nartovsky

Nartovsky (Russian: Нартовский) is a rural locality (a settlement) in Yaksatovsky Selsoviet, Privolzhsky District, Astrakhan Oblast, Russia. The population was 424 as of 2010. There are 5 streets.

## Geography

It is located on the Kizan River, 38 km southwest of Nachalovo (the district's administrative centre) by road. Atal is the nearest rural locality.
# Death by Sheer Torture

Death by Sheer Torture (1981), also known simply as Sheer Torture, is a mystery novel by English writer Robert Barnard, the first of five novels, penned in the 1980s, featuring his recurring detective character Perry Trethowan.

## Synopsis

Police detective Perry Trethowan suffers a terminal embarrassment when his estranged, aristocratic father is found dead atop a Strappado-style torture device of his own design. Even more humiliating is the revelation that he was wearing spangled tights at the time, exacerbating Perry's fear that he will be mocked about this case for the rest of his life. However, any hopes he may have had of fading quietly into the background are halted when his superiors force him to lead the investigation, and so he soon finds himself in search of a killer amongst the eccentric relatives he thought he had left behind years ago.

## Reception

The novel received mostly positive reviews from critics and sold well.
Another of the author's unfailingly entertaining forays into crime. One of the most inventive writers of detective fiction today. – Westlake
# Lucy Horodny

Lucy Alesia Horodny (Ukrainian: Люсі Алесія Городня; born 4 March 1957) is an Australian politician and environmentalist.
Horodny, who is of Ukrainian descent, first made her name as an activist for the Wilderness Society. She entered politics in 1995, running as a Greens candidate for the Australian Capital Territory Legislative Assembly and was immediately successful at the first ever run of the new party: She subsequently defeated liberal independent Helen Szuty, and took her place as one of two Green members in the Assembly, alongside Kerrie Tucker.
Immediately after the 1995 election, Horodny and Tucker caused some controversy among sections of the left wing when they supported the installation of the conservative Kate Carnell as Chief Minister – though they often clashed with Carnell and her party in parliament over social and environmental issues.
In her one term in the Legislative Assembly, she was a strong advocate for environmental causes, both inside the ACT, such as the preservation of the Black Mountain area (which had been threatened by the Gungahlin Drive Extension), and outside, such as her attempts to save Tasmania's environmentally sensitive Tarkine wilderness area from logging and development. She also advocated for several progressive causes, such as a bid to legalise voluntary euthanasia in the ACT (which only narrowly failed). She also vocally opposed the demolition of the Royal Canberra Hospital, preferring that the buildings be reused, and later, once the demolition became inevitable, opposed the government's preferred method, implosion, on environmental grounds.
Horodny adopted a child in 1997, and announced soon after that she would take a year off from work and step down at the coming election. She was replaced in the Legislative Assembly by conservative independent Dave Rugendyke.
# Raymanovo, Yermekeyevsky District

Raymanovo (Russian: Райманово; Bashkir: Райман, Rayman) is a rural locality (a village) in Sukkulovsky Selsoviet, Yermekeyevsky District, Bashkortostan, Russia. The population was 24 as of 2010. There is 1 street.

## Geography

Raymanovo is located 6 km south of Yermekeyevo (the district's administrative centre) by road.
# Tsivilsky District

Tsivilsky District is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the twenty-one in the Chuvash Republic, Russia. It is located in the northeast of the republic and borders with Cheboksarsky District in the north and northwest, Mariinsko-Posadsky District in the northeast, Kanashsky District in the south, and with Krasnoarmeysky District in the west. The area of the district is 790.8 square kilometers (305.3 sq mi). Its administrative center is the town of Tsivilsk. Population: 36,772 (2010 Census); 38,744 (2002 Census); 37,581 (1989 Soviet census). The population of Tsivilsk accounts for 36.7% of the district's total population.

## History

The district was established on September 5, 1927.

## Notable residents

* Olimpiada Ivanova (born 1970), race walker
* Olga Vasilyeva (born 1974), football player for Azerbaijan
# Victoria and Her Hussar (1954 film)

Victoria and Her Hussar (German: Viktoria und ihr Husar) is a 1954 West German musical film directed by Rudolf Schündler and starring Eva Bartok, Friedrich Schoenfelder and Rudolf Forster. Part of the tradition of operetta films, it is an adaptation of the 1930 operetta Viktoria und ihr Husar by Paul Abraham. A previous film adaptation Victoria and Her Hussar had already been produced in 1931 by Richard Oswald.
It was made at the Wandsbek Studios in Hamburg. The film's sets were designed by the art director Dieter Bartels and Felix Smetana.

## Partial cast

* Eva Bartok as Viktoria
* Friedrich Schoenfelder as Sandor Koltay
* Rudolf Forster as Fitzroy
* Grethe Weiser as Ursula Knepke
* Georg Thomalla as Janczi
# Beaver Brook, Wisconsin

Beaver Brook is a town in Washburn County, Wisconsin, United States. The population was 643 at the 2000 census. The unincorporated communities of Beaver Brook and Chicago Junction are located in the town.

## Geography

According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 32.9 square miles (85.3 km$^2$), of which, 32.4 square miles (84.0 km$^2$) of it is land and 0.5 square miles (1.2 km$^2$) of it (1.46%) is water.

## Demographics

As of the census of 2000, there were 643 people, 253 households, and 191 families residing in the town. The population density was 19.8 people per square mile (7.7/km$^2$). There were 280 housing units at an average density of 8.6 per square mile (3.3/km$^2$). The racial makeup of the town was 98.29% White, 1.09% Native American, 0.16% from other races, and 0.47% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.47% of the population.
There were 253 households, out of which 32.4% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 64.0% were married couples living together, 5.9% had a female householder with no husband present, and 24.5% were non-families. 20.6% of all households were made up of individuals, and 8.3% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.54 and the average family size was 2.92.
In the town, the population was spread out, with 25.3% under the age of 18, 6.1% from 18 to 24, 26.6% from 25 to 44, 29.2% from 45 to 64, and 12.8% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 40 years. For every 100 females, there were 112.2 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 105.1 males.
The median income for a household in the town was $40,156, and the median income for a family was $45,179. Males had a median income of $31,458 versus $22,222 for females. The per capita income for the town was $16,797. About 6.9% of families and 8.8% of the population were below the poverty line, including 10.8% of those under age 18 and 6.6% of those age 65 or over.
# Raymond Steth

Raymond Steth (1917 - 1997), born Raymond Ryles, was a Philadelphia-based graphic artist recognized for his paintings and lithographs on the African-American condition in the mid-20th century, often through scenes of rural life and poverty. Working under the Works Progress Administration's graphics division in the 1930s and 1940s, Steth's art covered a range of topics and emotions from pleasurable farm life to protest and despair.

## Early life

Steth was born in Norfolk, Virginia in 1917 to Lulu Mann and Charles Ryles, a working-class farming family. He spent much of his childhood on a large farm in North Carolina, which would later influence his artwork. Rolando Corpus notes: "Steth had a religious upbringing within the Pentecostal faith. 'The frenetic atmosphere of the church,' he recalled, 'was such that they all seemed ready to go to heaven.'" After moving to Philadelphia at age eight, Steth attended Central High School for two years. He subsequently worked in sign painting and vaudeville theater. Steth was educated at the Philadelphia College of Art from 1941 until 1943, and the Barnes Foundation from 1942 to 1944.

## Career

Steth was associated with the American Scene movement, which included WPA artists concerned with contemporary social topics. Steth began working in the graphics division of the WPA-sponsored Federal Art Project (FAP) in Philadelphia starting in 1938, where he met and collaborated with Dox Thrash, known for developing new methods of Carborundum printmaking, who believed Steth's work could be transferred to a print medium. He also worked alongside Michael J. Gallagher, John Turner, and Claude Clark, a group with whom he would often exhibit his work with. Steth shared a studio with Clark during their time in the WPA/FAP. He also associated with the artists, Hubert Mesibov and Samuel Brown.
Post-WPA and military service, Steth continued his involvement with the arts and community causes: "Steth directed the Philographic School of Art, a printmaking and graphics workshop... Other jobs included helping establish a print program at Morgan State College in Baltimore, catering, and working for the Mayor's Office of Community Development." Additionally, he was involved with the Fleisher Art Memorial from 1948 until 1954, and taught at the Philadelphia College of Art from 1949 until 1951. He was later a resident at the Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts.
Steth died of cancer on 6 February 1997.
Steth's work is in the collection of the Metropolitan Museum of Art, the Philadelphia Museum of Art, the National Gallery of Art, and the Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts.
His work was included in the 2015 exhibition We Speak: Black Artists in Philadelphia, 1920s-1970s at the Woodmere Art Museum.
# Valay (settlement)

Valay (Russian: Валай) is a rural locality (a settlement) in Cherdynsky District, Perm Krai, Russia. The population was 1,093 as of 2010. There are 7 streets.

## Geography

Valay is located 100 km northeast of Cherdyn (the district's administrative centre) by road. Vizhay is the nearest rural locality.
# Great German Synagogue

The Great German Synagogue (Italian: Scuola Grande Tedesca) is a former Orthodox Jewish congregation and synagogue, that is located in the Jewish Ghetto of Venice, Italy. Completed in 1528, it is the oldest Venetian synagogue, and one of five synagogues that were established in the ghetto.
Ceased operating as a synagogue in 1917, the former synagogue building was restored between 2016 and 2017 by the World Monuments Fund. No longer used for regular worship, it is open to the public as a Jewish museum through the Jewish Museum of Venice.

## History

The Great German Synagogue is one of the three synagogues located in the Ghetto Nuovo (the oldest part of the Venetian Ghetto, established on 29 March 1516), together with the Scuola Canton and Scuola Italiana. It was built in 1528 by members of the local Ashkenazi community. A stone plaque on the west wall of the building records its construction at the expense of two donors. Like the other four synagogues in Venice, it was termed a scuola ("School"), rather than sinagoga ("Synagogue"), in the same way in which Ashkenazi Jews refer to the synagogue as the shul (שול‎) in Yiddish.
The Great German Synagogue was the first public synagogue erected in the Ghetto Nuovo. Together with the nearby Scuola Canton, completed in 1532, it stands as a testament to the influence of the Ashkenazi community in the early years of the Ghetto, before the arrival of the much more affluent Jewish merchants from Spain and the Levant in the 1550s.
Along with the other synagogues of Venice, it ceased to be regularly used in October 1917, when the local Jewish community was forced to disband; at the same time, administration of all the Jewish places of worship was taken over by a single institution, the Templi Israelitici Uniti.

## Architecture

Built on top of a preexisting structure, the prayer hall features an irregular shape. The bimah was originally placed in the middle of the room in accordance with the traditional "central bimah" configuration, and only later moved to the north end of the sanctuary.

## Gallery

* The ark
* The bimah
* The women's gallery
* The ark projecting over the rear canal
# TeST TST-3 Alpin T

The TeST TST-3 Alpin T (English: Alpine) is a Czech shoulder-wing, T-tailed, single-seat glider and motor glider that was designed and produced by TeST of Brno.

## Design and development

The TST-3 was produced in many forms, including as plans and kits or various levels of completion for amateur construction and also as a factory completed aircraft. It was produced as a motor glider with a retractable engine and also as a pure glider. Production is complete and the type is no longer available.
The TST-3 is of mixed construction, using fibreglass, wood and aircraft fabric covering. The 13.4 m (44.0 ft) span wing is equipped with winglets and a Wortmann FX 61-184 airfoil. The tractor configuration Hirth F-33 16 kW (21 hp) motor is mounted on a strut that retracts aft into a bay behind the cockpit and is enclosed by two doors. A Rotax 503 of 37 kW (50 hp) was optional. The landing gear is retractable monowheel gear.
Two were reported to have been completed by December 2000. In December 1998 the glider version was US$13,000. In December 2000 the kit was US$10,000, complete aircraft US$23,300 and the plans US$350. In 2004 the complete aircraft was €22,880.

## Variants
### TST-3 Alpine TM

    Motorized version

## Specifications (TST-3 Alpin TM)

Data from World Directory of Leisure Aviation and KitPlanes
General characteristics
* Crew: one
* Length: 5.8 m (19.1 ft)
* Wingspan: 13.4 m (44 ft 0 in)
* Wing area: 10 m$^2$ (110 sq ft)
* Airfoil: Wortmann FX 61-184
* Empty weight: 141 kg (310 lb)
* Gross weight: 249 kg (550 lb)
* Powerplant: 1 × Hirth F-33 single cylinder two stroke aircraft engine, 16 kW (22 hp)
Performance
* Stall speed: 62 km/h (39 mph, 33 kn)
* Never exceed speed: 180 km/h (110 mph, 97 kn)
* Maximum glide ratio: 31:1 at 85 km/h (53 mph)
* Rate of sink: 0.75 m/s (148 ft/min)
# Srednja Vas pri Dragi

Srednja Vas pri Dragi (pronounced; Slovene: Srednja vas pri Dragi, German: Mittergrass or Mittergraß) is a village southeast of Draga in the Municipality of Loški Potok in southern Slovenia. The area is part of the traditional region of Lower Carniola and is now included in the Southeast Slovenia Statistical Region. The settlement includes the hamlet of Šafarje (German: Schaffern).

## Name

The name of the settlement was changed from Srednja vas to Srednja vas pri Dragi in 1953.
# Andrii Doroshenko

Andrii Doroshenko (Ukrainian: Андрій Юрійович Дорошенко; born 7 September 1987) is a Ukrainian Paralympic sport shooter. He won the silver medal in the men's 10-metre air rifle standing SH1 event at the 2020 Summer Paralympics held in Tokyo, Japan.
He also represented Ukraine at the 2012 Summer Paralympics held in London, United Kingdom and the 2016 Summer Paralympics held in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
# Jan Gunneweg

Jan Gunneweg was born in Schiedam in the Netherlands in 1939 on March 2. He is a member of the Archaeometry Task-force Unit at the Institute of Archaeology of the Humanities Faculty of the Hebrew University, Jerusalem. He began research at the University in 1973 completing his Ph.D. in the Archaeometry Unit of the institution in 1981. He became a Lecturer in 1983, and Senior Lecturer in 1988.
His major research interest is in discovering the place of manufacture of pottery and parchment through the use of neutron activation analysis and synchrotron radiation. He has been particularly interested in finding the place of origin of the Dead Sea Scrolls and the jars that contained them in Gunneweg and Balla 2003,2006,2010 & 2012 in. Other interests include research into the ancient preparation of parchment and ink as used in the Dead Sea scrolls. Gunneweg organized three workshops, two at the Hebrew University Science Campus in 2005 and 2010, and the third in 2008 at the Lorentz Centre for Physics and Mathematics at Leiden University (Netherlands) as a NIAS and Lorentz fellow for 2007-2008.
During two Sabbaticals in 1989 and 1996 at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory In Berkeley, California, he worked on the digitizing of neutron activation data obtained at LBL in the 1960s and 70s. More research was focused on the place of origin of Iron Age pottery associated with the first Iron Age settlements in the Israel highlands, the Philistines and the Mycenaean IA Chariot Krater and other Mycenaean pottery, found at Akko and Tel Dan. Also, the origin of Nabatean and Eastern Terra Sigillata pottery have been studied and published
At present, Gunneweg is particularly interested in promoting the protection of Cultural Heritage in which he lectured at the ESRF in Grenoble, SESAME at Allan, ELETTRA, Trieste, Daresbury and the CLS at Saskatoon to lay the foundations of a collaboration between Science and Humanities and Social Sciences, which he has dubbed Trans-disciplinary an approach that transcendents the borders/limits of any discipline. More general information can be found on Gunneweg's website https://openscholar.huji.ac.il/dr.jan-gunneweg.html. Finally, to see the website of our home in Yemin Moshe in Jerusalem, click http://pluto.huji.ac.il/~msjan/design.html.
# Razzia (artist)

Gérard Courbouleix–Dénériaz, also known as Razzia, is a French graphic artist born in Montparnasse in 1950.
Razzia is one of the last poster artists to remain in an era dominated by computer-generated images. He began his career in what can be called the golden age of poster art. Razzia is unique in that he still uses the same old style to make his posters. He continues to make posters from an original painting, as opposed to computer graphics.
His work evokes Art Deco. He is best known for his work for Louis Vuitton. A retrospective of his work was published in 2007.
# Joseph Babad

Joseph ben Moses Babad (1801 in Przeworsk – 1874 in Ternopil) was a rabbi, posek and Talmudist, best known for his work, the Minchat Chinuch, a commentary on the Sefer Hachinuch.
Babad served as rabbi at Bohorodczany, Zbarizh, Sniatyn, and Tarnopol where in 1857 he was appointed as Av Beit Din, a position he held for the rest of his life.
He studied under Chaim Halberstam, the Sanzer Rov, and enjoyed close relationships with the various Hasidic leaders of Galicia.
Rabbi Babad's first wife is not known; he later married the sister of Chaim Halberstam, and after her death he again remarried.

## Minchat Chinuch

Minchat Chinuch (Hebrew: מנחת חינוך) is a legal commentary on the Sefer ha-Chinuch. The Sefer Ha-Chinuch systematically discusses the 613 commandments of the Torah, their Biblical source, and philosophical underpinnings - while the Minchat Chinuch serves as a legal commentary through the perspective of the Talmud and Rishonim. Minchat Chinuch is widely studied in Yeshivas and in private study groups, and remains popular to this day.
The work is noted for its technique of isolating legal concepts through the use of uncommon test cases, such as whether a hermaphrodite is obligated in the mitzvah of "be fruitful and multiply." This feature of the book makes it a useful starting point in conceptual analysis of talmudic topics.
# Tucson

Tucson, Arizona
# Bank of Sweden Tercentenary Foundation

The Bank of Sweden Tercentenary Foundation (Swedish: Stiftelsen Riksbankens Jubileumsfond) is a Swedish foundation which awards grants to individuals and research groups for research projects in science, the humanities, social sciences, medical research, technology, and law. It was created to celebrate the Bank of Sweden's 300th anniversary in 1968. The Riksbankens Jubileumsfond initiated the Cultural Policy Research Award in collaboration with the European Cultural Foundation in 2003. It is a member of the Network of European Foundations for Innovative Cooperation (NEF).