OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# RAF Spitalgate

Royal Air Force Spitalgate or more simply RAF Spitalgate formerly known as RFC Grantham and RAF Grantham was a Royal Flying Corps and Royal Air Force station, located 2 mi (3.2 km) south east of the centre of Grantham, Lincolnshire, England fronting onto the main A52 road.

## History

The station opened in 1915 as Royal Flying Corps Station Grantham, becoming RAF Grantham on 1 April 1918 - a name it bore until 1942 when it was renamed as RAF Spitalgate. Throughout the First World War the station focused on flying training, hosting a succession of reserve (Nos 49, 86 (Canadian), 11, and 50) and then training squadrons (the renamed No. 49 (Training) Squadron and 15, 20, and 37, plus No. 39 in 1919) plus several United States Army Air Service squadrons (9th, 50th, 174th, and a detachment of 43rd).
Flying training continued at RAF Grantham during the inter-war years; Nos 100 and 39 Squadrons were present for much of the 1920s. No. 3 Group RAF was disbanded on 12 April 1926 at Spitalgate by renumbering it No. 23 (Training) Group. The station was back under the administration of No. 3 Group from July - September 1937 after which it was transferred to No. 5 Group RAF (September 1937 - August 1938) after which the station was placed under care & maintenance (it was mothballed). It was reopened in July 1938 and No. 12 Flying Training School RAF moved in on 1 December 1938, possibly with additional 12 FTS elements at the satellite station at RAF Harlaxton.
RAF Spitalgate should not be confused with HQ of No. 5 Group that was in a large private house, St Vincents Hall, Grantham from October 1937 to November 1943 and also known as RAF Grantham during its final years there. Also in November 1943, elements of the HQ IX Troop Carrier Command of the United States Army Air Forces were relocated to RAF Spitalgate, with their headquarters at St. Vincents in the town centre. The station was also the training and point-of-departure for the Polish 1st Independent Parachute Brigade during Operation Market Garden.
The station was an Officer Cadet Training Unit in the 1950s. Much later it became the Women's Royal Air Force (WRAF) Depot, responsible for the recruitment and training of all non-commissioned females in the RAF, until this moved to RAF Hereford and later again to RAF Swinderby. It was also the home of the Central Gliding School which moved to RAF Syerston in March 1975. The site is not part of Grantham, but the parish of Londonthorpe & Harrowby Without.
Spitalgate acted as a parent station for a relief landing ground four miles further south at RAF Harlaxton from November 1916 until 1945.
In 1975 the RAF vacated the site and the following year it became a British Army installation, renamed Prince William of Gloucester Barracks.

## Station commanders

* Wing Commander George Reid (1925 to 1927)
* Felicity Hill (1960 to 1962)
* Group Officer Betty Parker (1962 to 1964)
* Group Officer Kay Bright (1964 to 1966)
* Joy Tamblin (1971 to 1974)
# Bolsherechye, Omsk Oblast

Bolsherechye (Russian: Большере́чье) is an urban locality (a work settlement) and the administrative center of Bolsherechensky District of Omsk Oblast, Russia, located 150 kilometers (93 mi) northeast of Omsk along the Irtysh River. Population: 11,271 (2010 Census); 12,361 (2002 Census); 12,477 (1989 Soviet census).

## History

The Bolsheretsky fortress was founded on the Irtysh as a barrier for defense from invasions in 1627. Bolsherechye is located about half-way between Omsk and Tara and is a convenient stopping point for many automobile and river travelers, including those on package tours of the region.

## Zoo

Bolsherechye is best known for its zoo, opened in 1983. Bolsherechye Zoo is naturally stretched out through 19 hectares (47 acres) and is much more impressive than its hometown size suggests. Being the only resident zoo in the region, it has daringly but successfully withstood the political, financial, and climatic challenges of the turbulent post-Soviet period. The zoo opens a seasonal branch exhibit in the otherwise dominant Omsk, which to this day has only a small zoological youth station.

## Notable residents

* Leonid Yachmenyov (1938–2021), basketball coach
# Kostyntsi

Kostyntsi (Ukrainian: Костинці; Romanian: Costești) is a village in Chernivtsi Raion, Chernivtsi Oblast, Ukraine. It belongs to Storozhynets urban hromada, one of the hromadas of Ukraine.
Until 18 July 2020, Kostyntsi belonged to Storozhynets Raion. The raion was abolished in July 2020 as part of the administrative reform of Ukraine, which reduced the number of raions of Chernivtsi Oblast to three. The area of Storozhynets Raion was merged into Chernivtsi Raion.
# Jonás Trueba

Jonás Trueba (born 1981) is a Spanish filmmaker.

## Biography

Born in Madrid in 1981, Jonás Groucho Rodríguez Huete is the son of Fernando Trueba and Cristina Huete. Prior to his directorial debut in a feature film with Every Song Is About Me (2010), he directed the 2000 short film Cero en conciencia and collaborated as a writer in films such as No Pain, No Gain (2001), Go Away from Me (2006) and The Dancer and the Thief (2009). Following the production of the 2013 film The Wishful Thinkers, Trueba founded a production company (Los Ilusos Films) alongside Javier Lafuente. He was recognised with the Ojo Crítico Award in 2016.

## Filmography

| Year | English Title | Original Title | Director | Writer | Producer | Notes |
| 2001 | No Pain, No Gain | Más pena que gloria | No | Yes | No | Credited as "Jonás Groucho" |
| 2006 | Go Away from Me | Vete de mí | No | Yes | No | |
| 2009 | The Dancer and the Thief | El baile de la Victoria | No | Yes | No | |
| 2010 | Every Song Is About Me | Todas las canciones hablan de mí | Yes | Yes | No | |
| 2013 | The Wishful Thinkers | Los ilusos | Yes | Yes | Yes | |
| 2015 | The Romantic Exiles | Los exiliados románticos | Yes | Yes | No | |
| 2016 | The Reconquest | La reconquista | Yes | Yes | No | |
| 2019 | The August Virgin | La virgen de agosto | Yes | Yes | No | |
| 2021 | Who's Stopping Us | Quién lo impide | Yes | Yes | No | Documentary film Also cinematographer |
| 2022 | You Have to Come and See It | Tenéis que venir a verla | Yes | Yes | Yes | |
| 2024 | The Other Way Around | Volveréis | Yes | Yes | Yes | |
# Lesično

Lesično (pronounced, German: Fuchsdorf) is a village in the Municipality of Kozje in eastern Slovenia. The area is part of the historical Styria region. The municipality is included in the Savinja Statistical Region.
The local church is dedicated to Saint Ulrich (Slovene: sveti Urh) and belongs to the Parish of Pilštanj. It was first mentioned in written documents dating to 1394.
# Twilight (painting)

Twilight (Norwegian: Skumring) is a 1981 painting by the Norwegian artist Odd Nerdrum. It depicts a woman defecating in a forest clearing. Nerdrum presented the painting as a "tribute to the natural, the true human being whom we all fear".
The painting was rejected by Høstutstillingen in 1981, along with all other submissions in a similar figurative style, which created media reactions in Norway. According to the jury president Per Kleiva, it was rejected solely because of a lack of technical accomplishment, and not because the subject was seen as controversial. It was instead exhibited at the gallery Blomqvist Kunsthandel, together with rejected paintings by other artists.
It was reviewed in Aftenposten, where the critic described it as shocking and unappetizing. Nerdrum replied: "I certainly don't mean to shock, but I don't want to conceal any part of reality."
Joseph Beuys, who had been Nerdrum's teacher at the Kunstakademie Düsseldorf, described Twilight as "possibly the most radical" painting he knew of. Twilight has been described as the start of a new course in Nerdrum's oeuvre, where he abandoned the political and social themes that had dominated his works in the 1970s.
# USS Procyon (AG-11)

USS Procyon (AG–11) was an Antares-class cargo ship in the United States Navy after World War I. She later served as a training vessel for the Merchant Marine Academy as Empire State. In 1940 the ship was returned to the United States Maritime Commission, was renamed American Pilot, and sailed under the American flag during World War II. She was scrapped in 1948.

## Service history

Procyon was built in 1919 by the American International Shipbuilding Corp., Hog Island, Pennsylvania, and launched as the SS Shaume; taken over by the Navy on 8 November 1921 from the U.S. Shipping Board, under executive order of 29 October 1921; and commissioned on 30 November 1921. Procyon served as flagship of Commander Fleet Base Force, U.S. Battle Fleet, until she was decommissioned on 1 April 1931.
Inspected by the State Education Department of New York, she was found suitable for use as a Merchant Marine Academy training vessel; and, by request of Governor Franklin D. Roosevelt, she was renamed Empire State (IX-38) and turned over to the state of New York on 15 July 1931. She served as a school ship for the Academy until 11 April 1940, when she was transferred to the Maritime Commission.
The ship was renamed American Pilot and sailed under the American flag during World War II. In the third quarter of 1948, American Pilot was scrapped at Wilmington, Delaware.
# Nikolay Yakovlevich Rosenberg

Nikolay Yakovlevich Rosenberg (Russian: Николай Я́ковлевич Розенберг, 1807–1857) was an officer of the Imperial Russian Navy who was appointed as Chief Manager of the Russian-American Company, effectively Governor of Russian America, serving from 1850 to 1853. He was replaced before the end of the usual 5-year term because of his difficulties in managing relations with the native Tlingit peoples, who were important to the Russian fur trade and their survival. He may also have been called back to Russia to serve in the Crimean War (1853 to 1856), which included naval actions.
In 1935 the United States named Mount Rosenberg for him; it is a 3,050-foot peak on Baranof Island, Alaska.

## History

A number of Jewish traders and furriers who had been exiled to Siberia by the Tsar worked for the Russian-American Company. In 1848 Ashkenazi Jewish settlers from Germany began to settle in Sitka, helping develop it and other settlements as cities in the nineteenth century.
According to a brief article about Jews in Alaska by Yereth Rosen in Moment, Nikolay Rosenberg, an Imperial Russian Navy officer, was appointed in 1850 as Chief Manager of the Russian-American Company, effectively Governor of Russian America. Rosen claims that he was Jewish. (But naval officers generally belonged to the aristocracy of Russia and the state Russian Orthodox Church. The Jews were prohibited from any service in the army before 1827; if they converted to Christianity, they received additional rights. Rosenberg may have changed his given and surnames to pass as an ethnic German. He would have had to convert to the state Russian Orthodox Church in order to enter or be promoted as an officer in the navy.)
During Rosenberg's three years of overseeing company operations from New Archangel (Sitka), the naval officer had difficulties with the native peoples. He was described as "especially inept at maintaining good relationships with the Tlingit."
His leadership so antagonised the Sitka Tlingit that a skirmish with them took place outside the settlement. Rosenberg later earned the enmity of the Stikine River-based Tlingit for failure to warn them of the hostile intentions of a Sitka band of Tlingit. Rosenberg was replaced by Aleksandr Ilich Rudakov in 1853. He did not complete what was by then a standard 5-year term as governor, and he may have been called back to Russia as an experienced officer to serve in the Crimean War (1853-1856).
Rosenberg was the first chief manager of the Russian-American Company to be replaced before the end of his term since Semyon Yanovsky, who served from 1818 to 1820. Yanovsky was the first of the exclusively Imperial Russian Navy officers who had been appointed since 1818 as Chief Manager of the RAC.

## Representation in other media

* Ivan Doig portrays Rosenberg as a character in his historical novel The Sea Runners (2013). It begins in Russian America in 1853.

## Legacy

* In 1935, Mount Rosenberg, a 3,050-foot peak on Baranof Island, was named for Rosenberg.
# Turkish basketball league system

The Turkish basketball league system or Turkish basketball league pyramid, is a series of interconnected competitions for professional basketball clubs in Turkey. The system has a hierarchical format with a promotion and demotion system between competitions at different levels. There are currently five different competitions on the pyramid: the 1st-tier Turkish Basketball Super League (BSL), the 2nd-tier Turkish Basketball First League (TBL), the 3rd-tier Turkish Basketball Second League (TB2L), the 4th-tier Turkish Men's Regional Basketball League (EBBL), and the 5th-tier Men's University League (Ünilig).

## The tier pyramid

| Level | League | League | League | League | League |
| 1 | Basketball Super League (BSL) (formerly known as Turkish Basketball League (TBL)) National 1st Division (16 teams) | Basketball Super League (BSL) (formerly known as Turkish Basketball League (TBL)) National 1st Division (16 teams) | Basketball Super League (BSL) (formerly known as Turkish Basketball League (TBL)) National 1st Division (16 teams) | Basketball Super League (BSL) (formerly known as Turkish Basketball League (TBL)) National 1st Division (16 teams) | Basketball Super League (BSL) (formerly known as Turkish Basketball League (TBL)) National 1st Division (16 teams) |
| 2 | Turkish Basketball League (TBL) (formerly known as Turkish Basketball Second League (TB2L)) National 2nd Division (18 teams) | Turkish Basketball League (TBL) (formerly known as Turkish Basketball Second League (TB2L)) National 2nd Division (18 teams) | Turkish Basketball League (TBL) (formerly known as Turkish Basketball Second League (TB2L)) National 2nd Division (18 teams) | Turkish Basketball League (TBL) (formerly known as Turkish Basketball Second League (TB2L)) National 2nd Division (18 teams) | Turkish Basketball League (TBL) (formerly known as Turkish Basketball Second League (TB2L)) National 2nd Division (18 teams) |
| 3 | Turkish Basketball 2. League (TB2L) (formerly known as Turkish Basketball Third League (TB3L)) National 3rd Division (25 teams in one 9 team group and two 8 team groups) | Turkish Basketball 2. League (TB2L) (formerly known as Turkish Basketball Third League (TB3L)) National 3rd Division (25 teams in one 9 team group and two 8 team groups) | Turkish Basketball 2. League (TB2L) (formerly known as Turkish Basketball Third League (TB3L)) National 3rd Division (25 teams in one 9 team group and two 8 team groups) | Turkish Basketball 2. League (TB2L) (formerly known as Turkish Basketball Third League (TB3L)) National 3rd Division (25 teams in one 9 team group and two 8 team groups) | Turkish Basketball 2. League (TB2L) (formerly known as Turkish Basketball Third League (TB3L)) National 3rd Division (25 teams in one 9 team group and two 8 team groups) |
| 4 | Turkish Men's Regional Basketball League (EBBL) National 4th Division (TBA) |

## Other competitions

* Turkish Basketball Cup
* Turkish President's Cup
# Jurilovca

Jurilovca (Russian: Журиловка; Unirea from 1983 to 1996) is a commune in Tulcea County, Northern Dobruja, Romania. It is composed of three villages: Jurilovca, Vișina and Sălcioara (Caramanchioi until 1934; Vintilă Brătianu from 1934 to 1947; 6 Martie from 1947 to 1996).
It was founded by Lipovans at the beginning of the 19th century; the first documentary attestation is from 1826. Although at its beginnings it was a small village, the settlement grew and become, at the end of the 19th century, an important fishing centre in Danube Delta area. Nowadays it has the biggest community of fishermen in Romania, and it has the most modern fish processing factory in the country and Eastern Europe.
Jurilovca is also a tourist center. At about 15 km across the Golovița Lake is Gura Portiței, a beach resort at Black Sea. You can reach there by little vessel and by boat. Other tourist attractions are Argamum Citadel and Cape Doloșman. The entire area is a part of Danube Delta Biosphere Reservation.
At the 2011 census, 60.7% of the inhabitants were Romanians and 38.8% Russian Lipovans.
The Lipovans are Russians by ethnicity and Old Believers Orthodox by confession. This confession is the result of Nikonite Reform. In 1652, Nikon, the Patriarch of Russian Orthodox Church, initiated a religious reform which had in view adaptation of Russian Church at the rest of the Orthodox Churches, in fact a formal reform. The result was the division of Russian society in two: Nikonites, those who accepted the Reform, and Starovers (Old Believers), those who did not accept the Reform. The last ones, being chased, emigrated outside Russia, a part of them arriving on Romanian territory, north of Moldavia and Dobruja.
# Takieddin el-Solh

Takieddin el-Solh (also Takieddin Solh, Takieddin as-Solh; Arabic: تقي الدين الصلح) (1908 – 27 November 1988) was a Lebanese politician who served as the Prime Minister of Lebanon from 1973 to 1974, and again briefly in 1980.
El-Solh was born in Sidon, Lebanon. A Sunni Muslim, he was a legislator representing the Beqaa Valley from 1957–1960 and 1964–1968. In 1964–1965 he was Minister of the Interior in the Government of Hussein al-Oweini. In 1973, President Suleiman Frangieh named him Prime Minister and Minister for Finance. He served as Prime Minister until 1974, when he was succeeded by Rachid Solh. In July 1980, President Elias Sarkis asked el-Solh to form a government, but he was unable to do so and resigned in October.
His wife was Fadwa Barazi El-Solh.
Takieddin was known for wearing the tarboush. He was faced with extensive objection by the Syrians and was told to leave Lebanon. He spent his last days in Paris, where he died of a heart attack, aged 80.

## In art and culture

The mansion Takieddin el-Solh and Fadwa Barazi El-Solh had inhabited was the subject of an installation displaying photographs, newspapers, films, texts and drawings in the exhibition of Gregory Buchakjian, Abandoned Dwellings of Beirut, that took place at the Villa Empain in Brussels, 2019.
# Theodoros Flogaitis

Theodoros Flogaitis (Greek: Θεόδωρος Φλογαΐτης; 1840/48–1905) was a Greek jurist, politician and author.

## Early life

Flogaitis was born in Nafplio in either 1840 or 1848. His father was Nikolaos Flogaitis.

## Career

Flogaitis was the director of the newspaper, Syntagmatikos Ellin ("Constitutional Greek"), which was active in the aftermath of the October 1862 revolution that ousted King Otto of Greece. He later became a practising lawyer in Chalcis, before moving to Athens to lecture in constitutional law. In 1879 he was elected as an MP for Chalcis, and was a political opponent of Alexandros Koumoundouros. In 1890, he was elected to represent Euboea. He became a columnist and was later proposed as a professor of law, but turned it down to continue journalism. He wrote several books on law in Greece and around the world.

## Personal life

Flogaitis was the grandson of another Theodoros Flogaitis, the first mayor of Odessa. His nephew, Ioannis Flogaitis, was a politician in Lefkada, and one of his sons was Spyridon Flogaitis.
# Malinišče

Malinišče (pronounced; in older sources also Malinšek, German: Malinschek) is a small settlement above the left bank of the Kolpa River in the Municipality of Osilnica in southern Slovenia. The area is part of the traditional region of Lower Carniola and is now included in the Southeast Slovenia Statistical Region.
# Antonovka, Arkharinsky District, Amur Oblast

Antonovka (Russian: Антоновка) is a rural locality (a selo) and the administrative center of Antonovsky Selsoviet of Arkharinsky District, Amur Oblast, Russia. The population was 91 in 2018. There are 10 streets.

## Geography

Antonovka is located 15 km west of Arkhara (the district's administrative centre) by road. Arkhara is the nearest rural locality.
# Private (magazine)

Private is a pornographic magazine published by the Swedish publisher and distributor Private Media Group. The magazine is known for its combination of high-quality photography and depiction of sex acts typical of hardcore pornography such as anal sex, an innovation at the time of its creation. The American pornographer Al Goldstein described it as "[the] best porno magazine in the world".
The magazine was created in 1965 by the Swedish photographer Berth Milton Sr., who initially included his pornographic photographs in erotic magazines, which he distributed in his bookshop in Stockholm. He sold the first issues of his magazine himself to newspaper kiosks, since there was no distribution for such magazines.
After the 1966 United States Supreme Court decision Memoirs v. Massachusetts, the prohibition of pornography in the United States was questioned for the first time. The magazine, previously distributed under the counter in the United States, has since been sold openly there and, from its ninth issue, is considered the United States' first legally distributed pornographic magazine.
Since the mid-1980s, Private has been published in Barcelona, Spain, which was the second largest market for pornographic products after Germany. The magazine became the best-selling pornographic magazine in the world, before losing importance in the course of the digitalization of pornography in the 1990s.
Private Media Group was founded in 1991 by Berth Milton Jr. who extended the Private brand by adding web offerings to the portfolio, expanded video production and successfully took the company public. The magazine Private, which forms the cornerstone of the company, continues to this day.
The erotic art book publisher Taschen has published two collections, each in five volumes, featuring photographic works published in Private in the 1970s and 1980s.
# Charles Garabedian

Charles Garabedian (Armenian: Չարլզ Կարապետյան, December 29, 1923 – February 11, 2016) was an American-Armenian artist known for his paintings and drawings rich in references to Greek and Chinese symbolism. His artwork reveals a deeply personal world that explores the relationship between painting and sculpture.

## Biography

Garabedian was born in Detroit, Michigan, to Armenian immigrants who had come to the U.S. to escape the Armenian genocide. Garabedian's mother died when he was two and his father was unable to take care of the three children. Garabedian lived in an orphanage until age nine, when he, his father, and siblings moved to Los Angeles, California.
From 1942-1945, Garabedian served as a staff sergeant in the United States Air Force and was an aerial gunner in the European theater during World War II. Under the auspices of the G.I. Bill, Garabedian studied literature at the University of California, Santa Barbara from 1947 to 1948. He then went on to the University of Southern California in Los Angeles, where he earned a bachelor's degree in history in 1950. He received his master's degree in 1961 at the University of California Los Angeles. He did not, however, become an artist until later in his life.
When in his forties, Garabedian began to explore the relationships between painting and drawing. His fascination with China is reflected in many of his pieces incorporating dragons and ornate grillwork and pattern. Although his most prolific period was in the late 1960s, later in his life he still continued to paint. The first solo exhibition of his work was held at the Ceeje gallery in Los Angeles (1963) and subsequent one man shows followed at the Fine Arts Gallery at California State University, Northridge (1974), and The Whitney Museum of American Art, New York City (1976). His group exhibitions include the Whitney Museum of American Art Biennial Exhibition: Contemporary American Art, New York (1975) and others. In 1979, he was a recipient of a Guggenheim Fellowship for Fine Arts. In 2011, the Santa Barbara Museum of Art hosted a retrospective of Garabedian's work. He died on February 11, 2016, at the age of 92.