OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Blue lava

Blue lava, also known as (Indonesian: Api Biru), and simply referred to as blue fire or sulfur fire, is a phenomenon that occurs when sulfur burns. It is an electric-blue flame that has the illusory appearance of lava. Despite the name, the phenomenon is actually a sulfuric fire that resembles the appearance of lava, rather than actual lava from a volcanic eruption. The most well-documented of these fires occur on Indonesia's Kawah Ijen volcano, where they regularly burn.

## Characteristics

"Blue lava" is an electric-blue fire that burns when sulfur combusts, producing a neon-blue flame. Sulfur burns when it comes into contact with hot air at temperatures above 360 °C (680 °F), which produces the energetic flames. Actual lava is red-orange in color, given its temperature. Truly-blue lava would require temperatures of at least 6,000 °C (10,830 °F), from Planck's law, which is much higher than any lava can naturally achieve on the surface of the Earth.
The most famous of these fires occur regularly on Indonesia's Kawah Ijen volcano, on the island of Java, which has some of the highest levels of sulfur in the world and is also a site of sulfur mining. Due to the occurrence of the flames, Kawah Ijen has also been nicknamed "the Blue Volcano". The crater of Kawah Ijen is the world's largest blue flame area. Kawah Ijen has large amounts of sulfur deposits and fumaroles, and the high temperatures from the underground volcanic heat frequently combusts the sulfur on the surface of the volcano, producing the blue fires. When sulfur from within the volcano breaches the surface, it can reach temperatures up to 600 °C (1,112 °F), and the sulfur immediately encounters lower temperatures and pressures at the surface, which causes the sulfur to immediately ignite and erupt blue flames up to 5 metres (16 ft) into the air. At such high temperatures, the sulfur melts, which sometimes flows down the face of the volcano while carrying the flames with it, making it appear as if blue lava is flowing down the volcano. Due to the blue color of the flames, the fires are essentially visible only at nighttime, as they are otherwise indistinguishable during the daytime.
Another location in which "blue lava" is regularly seen is on Dallol mountain, in Ethiopia. The blue fires also occur in Yellowstone National Park during wildfires, when fires burn and melt the large amounts of sulfur present in the park, creating the appearance of burning blue rivers of lava during such events. Remnants of past episodes exist on the ground in the form of black lines, where fires have previously melted sulfur. Similar blue flames were observed on Kīlauea in May 2018, during the volcano's 2018 lower Puna eruption, when lava from the volcano burned methane that had been trapped underground.
# New Al Mirqab

New Al Mirqab (Arabic: المرقاب الجديد, romanized: Al-Mirqāb al-Jadīdah; also referred to as Al Mirqab Al Jadeed) is a district in Qatar, located in the municipality of Ad Dawhah.
Together with Al Sadd and Fereej Al Nasr, it makes up Zone 39 which has 23,853 people in it.

## Etymology

The district derives its name from Al Mirqab district. An Arabic word, mirqab originates from "muraqabah", which in English translates to "watching". This name was given in reference to a historic watchtower from which people would identify incoming ships and survey the sea.
# Thomas Larcom

Major-General Sir Thomas Aiskew Larcom, Bart, PC FRS (22 April 1801 – 15 June 1879) was a leading official in the early Irish Ordnance Survey. He later became a poor law commissioner, census commissioner and finally executive head of the British administration in Ireland as under-secretary to the Lord-Lieutenant of Ireland, a position the government of the day was eager for him to take.
Born in Gosport, Hampshire, Larcom received his education at the Royal Military Academy and was commissioned in the Royal Engineers in 1820. He began his career with the Ordnance Survey of England in 1824 before being transferred to Ireland. With the rank of lieutenant he led the day-to-day operations of Survey headquarters by 1828 under Lt-Colonel Thomas Colby and established a meteorological observatory in Dublin. At the completion of the Survey's six-inch maps in 1846, Larcom joined the Irish Board of Works. In this role he was involved in the establishment of the Queen's University of Ireland.
The longest-serving under-secretary (1853–1868), Larcom had a distinguished career in his adopted country and acted with an impartiality that won him respect from all parties. In 1868 he was admitted to the Irish Privy Council and created a baronet.

## Arms

Coat of arms of Thomas Larcom :
* CrestOn a cap of maintenance Azure turned up Ermine a martlet Sable with a fleur-de-lis in its beak Or.
* EscutcheonArgent on a mount a hawthorn bush Proper and in chief an eagle displayed Gules.
* MottoLe Roy La Loy
# Follett Johnson

Follett Johnson (April 20, 1843 – March 9, 1909) was a Union Army officer in the American Civil War who received the U.S. military's highest decoration, the Medal of Honor.
Johnson was born in Brasher, New York and was recruited to the army at Ogdensburg New York. Johnson was awarded the Medal of Honor for his actions at the Battle of New Hope Church on May 27, 1864.
His Medal of Honor was issued on April 6, 1892

## Medal of Honor citation

   The President of the United States of America, in the name of Congress, takes pleasure in presenting the Medal of Honor to Corporal Follett Johnson, United States Army, for extraordinary heroism on 27 May 1864, while serving with Company H, 60th New York Infantry, in action at New Hope Church, Georgia. Corporal Johnson voluntarily exposed himself to the fire of a Confederate sharpshooter, thus drawing fire upon himself and enabling his comrade to shoot the sharpshooter.
# V. V. Rajan Chellappa

V. V. Rajan Chellappa is an Indian Politician and former Mayor of Madurai Corporation and also he is MLA from Thiruparankundram. As a cadre of All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam party, he previously served as a member of Rajya Sabha from 1992 - 1998.
Chellappa polled 1,03,683 votes defeating his nearest rival S. K. Ponnuthai of the CPI(M) who secured 74,194 votes for Thiruparankundram Legislative Assembly in April 2021.
# Commemorative Medal of the Libyan Campaigns

The Commemorative Medal of the Libyan Campaigns was a decoration granted by the Kingdom of Italy to personnel who served in military campaigns in Libya after the conclusion of the Italo-Turkish War of 1911–1912. It was abolished in 2011 after the Italian Republic deemed it obsolete.

## History

King Victor Emmanuel III of Italy established the Commemorative Medal of the Libyan Campaigns with a royal decree of 6 September 1913 to commemorate participation in military campaigns in Libya subsequent to the Kingdom of Italy′s acquisition of that colony upon the defeat of the Ottoman Empire in the Italo-Turkish War of 1911–1912. The decree went into effect on 19 October 1913.
After deeming the medal obsolete, the Italian Republic abolished it on 10 February 2011.

## Eligibiity

Personnel of the Italian Royal Army (Italian: Regio Esercito), colonial troops of the Italian Empire, and the civilian and military personnel of the Italian Regia Marina ("Royal Navy") who participated in military campaigns in Libya after the end of the Italo-Turkish War in 1912 were eligible for the Commemorative Medal of the Libyan Campaigns.

## Appearance
### Medal

The medal consisted of a silver disc 32 millimetres (1¼ inches) in diameter bearing on the obverse the face of King Victor Emmanuel III facing right, encircled by the inscription "VITTORIO • EMANUELE • III • RE • D' • ITALIA" (English: VICTOR • EMMANUEL • III • KING • OF • ITALY), with the signature of the engraver, Luigi Giorgi, under the king's neck. On the reverse was the inscription "LIBIA" (English: LIBYA) surrounded by two laurel branches in the form of a crown. Although the medals manufactured by the Rome mint were made of silver, some of the medals made by other companies who obtained the minting contract were made of silvered bronze rather than silver.
The medal was identical to the Commemorative Medal for the Italo-Turkish War 1911–1912 except for the inscription on the reverse.

### Ribbon

The ribbon was made up of six blue stripes alternating with five dark red stripes. It was identical to the ribbon of the Commemorative Medal for the Italo-Turkish War 1911–1912.

### Clasps

Bronze clasps were authorized for the ribbon to represent the years of the campaigns in which the recipient of the medal served. Thirty-five clasps were authorized, for "1912", "1912–13", "1913", "Fezzan/913", "1913–14", "Fezzan/913–914", "1914", "Fezzan/914", "1914–15", "1915", "Tripolitania/1915", "1915–16", "1916", "1916–17", "1917", "1917–18", "1918", "1918–19", "1919", "1919–20", "1920", "1920–21", "1921", "1922", "1923", "1924", "1925", "1926", "1927 ", "Tripolitania 1927–1928", "1928", "1929", "Tripolitania 1929–1930", "1930", and "1931". In some cases, recipients of the medal, which differed from the Commemorative Medal for the Italo-Turkish War 1911–1912 only in its motto and had an identical ribbon, were authorized to wear clasps commemorating these campaigns with the Commemorative Medal for the Italo-Turkish War 1911–1912.
# Baitul Makmur Tanjung Uban Grand Mosque

The Baitul Makmur Tanjung Uban Grand Mosque (Indonesian: Masjid Raya Baitul Makmur Tanjung Uban) is the largest mosque in Bintan Island and is located in Simpang Makam Pahlawan, Tanjung Uban, Riau Islands Province, Indonesia. The whole 1.6 hectares of area of Baitul Makmur Tanjung Uban Grand Mosque is waqf (endowment) of the deceased King Daud. The construction started in 2008, and it began to be used in 2012 even though the development process has not been fully completed. The mosque is expected to accommodate up to 3,000 pilgrims in the main hall, as well as 6,000 pilgrims with mosque courtyards. It has five domes, with a main dome and four small domes that surround it. This dome is made of mild steel and is rustproof. The main dome has a diameter of 9 meters, which supposedly makes this dome cost up to 600 million rupiah. The dome was decorated with colorful ornaments that symbolize the diversity of tribes and nations of Muslims.
# Mangowal Sharqi

32°39′29.7″N 74°13′18.7″E﻿ / ﻿32.658250°N 74.221861°E﻿ / 32.658250; 74.221861
Mangowal Sharqi (Urdu: منگووال شرقی lit. East Mangowal) is a village situated near Jalalpur Jattan cantonment in the district of Gujrat, Pakistan. It is the third-largest village in the district. The village is situated at bifurcation leading to Tanda and Karianwala.
The history of the village is not well known. According to local traditions, this village is about 300 years old and was founded by the son of a Hindu Jutt.
# Jules-André Peugeot

Jules-André Peugeot (French:; 11 June 1893 – 2 August 1914) was the first French soldier to die in World War I. He died one day before the German Empire formally declared war on France, in the same skirmish in which Albert Mayer became the first soldier and first German soldier to die.

## Early life

Jules-André Peugeot was born on 11 June 1893. Before being called up for compulsory military service in 1913, Peugeot was a teacher.

## Death

On mid morning on August 2, 1914, a German cavalry patrol led by Leutnant Albert Mayer patrolled into France before war had been officially declared. Upon crossing into French territory, Mayer slashed a French sentry with his saber before going deeper into France.
Around 9:30, Peugeot and his fellow soldiers were eating breakfast in a billet house owned by a certain Louis Doucourt. Doucourt's daughter, Adrienne, came in and told the soldiers that a German patrol had entered the town, at which Peugeot and his comrades arose from breakfast to meet them. At 9:59, Peugeot yelled at Mayer and his patrol to stop, as they were under arrest, but Mayer pulled out a pistol and shot Peugeot in the shoulder. Peugeot stumbled and shot his pistol, missing Mayer, but Peugeot's comrades returned fire, hitting Mayer in the stomach and head, killing him. Peugeot went back to the billet house where, at 10:37 am, he died on the steps of the house.

## Legacy

On the seventh anniversary of Peugeot's death, the French government erected a monument on the Alsatian border to commemorate the place where he died.
# Schopenhauer Society

The Schopenhauer Society (German: Schopenhauer-Gesellschaft) is a literary and philosophical society devoted to research into the work, life and influence of the philosopher Arthur Schopenhauer (1788–1860). The society was founded in 1911 by the Sanskrit scholar, philosopher and orientalist Paul Deussen and has its seat in Frankfurt. Since 1912, the society has published the Journal of the Schopenhauer Society (German: Jahrbuch der Schopenhauer-Gesellschaft).
From the 1920s, the society became increasingly academic in its orientation, and it hosted major international academic congresses on "Europe and India" (Dresden 1927), "Philosophy and Religion" (Frankfurt 1929) and "Theory and Reality" (Hamburg 1931). The society saw a revival in the postwar era, with numerous congresses, seminars and lectures, in addition to the publication of its journal. It has sections in India, Brazil, Italy, Poland and Australasia. The society has around 600 members.
# Cyprus Cricket Association

The Cyprus Cricket Association (CCA) (Greek: Σύνδεσμος Κρίκετ Κύπρου) (Turkish: Kıbrıs Kriket Federasyonu) is the governing body of cricket in Cyprus. It is a member of the ICC Europe (earlier the European Cricket Council) and an associate member of the International Cricket Council since 1999. It organises the Cyprus cricket league which has 23 participating teams including some from the British military bases of Akrotiri, Episkopi, and Dekhelia. It is also responsible for the Cyprus National Cricket team.
Cricket has been played in Cyprus for many years, but has mainly been confined to the British Army bases. Moufflons Cricket Club was the first ever Cyprus based cricket club established in 1987.
The European Cricket Council, given the task of promoting cricket throughout Europe, encouraged Cyprus Cricket to form its own organisation, the Cyprus Cricket Association, with its own committee and constitution.
From 2003 the CCA have been organising cricket on the island, extending the game into the towns, setting up a league, starting youth cricket in the schools, and forming a national team to enter European competitions. The European Cricket Council provides the CCA with funds to promote youth cricket and train coaches to go out into the schools.
The British Army has been helpful to the CCA, giving them access to its facilities, and entering teams into the newly formed league. In fact the 2005 league champions were a military side, WSBA.
# Grzegorz Zajączkowski

Grzegorz Zajączkowski (born 25 June 1980) is a Polish sprinter who specializes in the 400 metres.
Zajączkowski was part of Poland's 4 × 400 metres relay at the 2003 World Indoor Championships, together with teammates Rafał Wieruszewski, Marcin Marciniszyn and Marek Plawgo. The team originally finished in 4th place, but received bronze medals after the 1st place USA team was later disqualified.

## Personal bests

* 100 metres – 10.58 s (2004)
* 200 metres – 20.95 s (2004)
* 400 metres – 45.93 s (2004)
# Chertan, Republic of Bashkortostan

Chertan (Russian: Чертан; Bashkir: Суртан, Surtan) is a rural locality (a selo) in Duvansky Selsoviet, Duvansky District, Bashkortostan, Russia. The population was 242 as of 2010. There are 3 streets.

## Geography

Chertan is located 32 km northwest of Mesyagutovo (the district's administrative centre) by road. Duvan is the nearest rural locality.
# Molochny

Molochny (Russian: Моло́чный) is an urban locality (an urban-type settlement) in Kolsky District of Murmansk Oblast, Russia, located on the Kola Peninsula on the lower Kola River, 15 kilometers (9.3 mi) south of Murmansk. Population: 5,208 (2010 Census); 5,627 (2002 Census); 5,878 (1989 Soviet census).
It was founded as a work settlement around 1935.
# Zaks Diners

Zaks Diners is a British restaurant chain of American-themed diners, founded as a takeaway business in 1976 by Harvey Platt. The chain is based in Norwich, England. They are the second-largest American-themed diner chain in the UK, behind OK Diner.

## History

In May 1976, local musician and entrepreneur Harvey Platt felt that Norwich needed "a slice of America" and purchased an old café caravan, and began selling burgers wrapped in tin-oil and cooked to order. In 1979, Zaks opened their first physical restaurant, also in Norwich.
In 1998, the chain was acquired by Blue Sky Leisure.
In July 2013, the chain announced its plans to begin franchising locations.
In January 2020, Chris Carr and Ian Hacon purchased the chain from Blue Sky Leisure. Later in 2020, due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the chain reverted to selling from caravans again whilst normal trading was suspended.
In August 2022, the chain purchased the iconic Yankee Traveller in Great Yarmouth.
# Ilias Michelidis

Ilias Michelidis (Greek: ηλίας μιχελιδης; born 29 June 1976) is a retired Greek football midfielder.
# Mezzanego

Mezzanego (Ligurian: Mezanego) is a comune (municipality) in the Metropolitan City of Genoa in the Italian region Liguria, located about 35 kilometres (22 miles) east of Genoa.

## Location

The town is situated on the river Sturla in a valley of the same name. The distance to the Ligurian capital Genua is about 57 kilometres (35 miles).
Mezzanego borders the following municipalities: Borzonasca, Carasco, Ne, San Colombano Certénoli, Tornolo.
# Sławomir Zawada

Sławomir Zawada is a Polish weightlifter. He won a bronze medal in the 90 kg class at the 1988 Summer Olympics in Seoul.
# Crackling bread

Bread flavored with cracklings is found in several cuisines:
* Crackling bread, in the cuisine of the Southern United States is a cornbread incorporating cracklings.
* Pompe aux grattons or brioche aux griaudes, in the cuisine of central France, is a bread, tart, or brioche incorporating cracklings. It is a specialty of the Bourbonnais.
* Pan de chicharrones, in the cuisine of Argentina and the cuisine of Uruguay, is a wheat flour bread incorporating beef cracklings and tallow.

## In American literature

Crackling bread is mentioned in the novel To Kill a Mockingbird. It is the narrator Scout's favorite snack. Calpurnia, the family's cook, prepared it for Scout after her first day at school. "It was not often that she made crackling bread, she said she never had time, but with both of us at school today had been an easy one for her. She knew I loved crackling bread." Calpurnia and Scout had had an argument during lunch and to try to repair the bond between them she made crackling bread.
# HaOgen

HaOgen (Hebrew: העוגן, הָעֹגֶן, lit. 'Anchor') is a kibbutz in central Israel. Located in the Sharon plain, it falls under the jurisdiction of Emek Hefer Regional Council and is affiliated with Hashomer Hatzair. In 2022 it had a population of 965.

## History

The community was established on 22 April 1939 by Jewish refugees from Czechoslovakia. After spending eight years in a camp near Kfar Saba, they founded the kibbutz on 28 August 1947, on land that had belonged to Wadi Qabbani. The Jewish National Fund provided 700 dunams of land for the kibbutz.

## Notable people

* Haya Kaspi
* Shraga Weil, painter
* Noam Yaacov (born 2004), Israeli–Danish player in the Israeli Basketball Premier League
# Aram Ayrapetyan

Aram Yuryevich Ayrapetyan (Armenian: Արամ Հայրապետյան; Russian: Арам Юрьевич Айрапетян; born 22 November 1986) is a professional football goalkeeper who plays for Kaisar. Born in Russia, he represents the Armenia national team.

## Career
### Club

On 13 January 2020, Ayrapetyan left FC Urartu, signing for the Iranian team Paykan a couple days later.

## Career statistics
### International

    As of match played 18 November 2019
Appearances and goals by national team and year :
| National team | Year | Apps | Goals |
| Armenia | 2018 | 8 | 0 |
| Armenia | 2019 | 10 | 0 |
| Total | Total | 18 | 0 |
# Taman Kota railway station

Taman Kota Station (TKO, formerly Kembangan Station) is a class III railway station located in North Kembangan, Kembangan, West Jakarta. The station, which is located at an altitude of +12 meters, is included in the Jakarta Operational Area I and only serves the KRL Commuterline route.

## History

On 16 June 2015, this station was inaugurated together with Grogol Station and Tanah Tinggi Station, having previously planned to operate on 28 May 2015. However, the residents had opposed the station project due to disruption of access to residents.
Since 1 August 2019, this station, along with Sudirman, Palmerah, Cikini, and Universitas Indonesia stations, has officially ceased the sale of single-trip cards (Guaranteed Daily Tickets (Indonesian: Tiket Harian Berjaminan) or THB) for KRL Commuterline services. This is because the majority of KRL Commuterline passengers are used to using multi-trip cards and electronic money. In this way, long queues to buy KRL tickets can be cut. However, service users can still tap-in/tap-out with THB cards at this station.

## Building and layout

This station has two railway tracks, where both of them are straight tracks.
T04 Taman Kota :
| G | Main building | Main building |
| Platform floor | Side platform, the doors are opened on the right side | Side platform, the doors are opened on the right side |
| Platform floor | Line 1 | ← (Bojong Indah) Tangerang Line to Tangerang |
| Platform floor | Line 2 | Tangerang Line to Duri (Pesing) → |
| Side platform, the doors are opened on the right side ||

## Services

The following is a list of train services at the Taman Kota Station.

### Passenger services

* KAI Commuter
** Tangerang Line, to Duri and Tangerang

## Intermodal support

| Public transport type | Station | Line | Destination |
| TransJakarta | Taman Kota | | Pulo Gadung - Rawa Buaya |
| TransJakarta | Taman Kota | | Kalideres - Monas |
| TransJakarta | Taman Kota | | Kalideres - Gelora Bung Karno |
| TransJakarta | N/A | 3D (non-BRT) | Penjaringan - Taman Kota via Tubagus Angke |
| TransJakarta | N/A | JAK 51 (non-BRT; Mikrotrans Jak Lingko) | Taman Kota Station - North Petukangan |
| Kopaja | N/A | B87 | Kalideres Terminal-Penjaringan |
| Kopaja | N/A | B88 | Kalideres Terminal-Slipi |
| Kopaja | N/A | B93 | Kalideres Terminal-Tanah Abang Station |
| Kopaja | N/A | B95 | Mal Taman Anggrek-Benda |
| Mayasari Bakti | N/A | AC02 | Kalideres Terminal–Kampung Rambutan Terminal |
| Mayasari Bakti | N/A | AC29 (Transjabodetabek) | Bekasi Terminal-Kalideres Terminal (via West Bekasi) |
| Mayasari Bakti | N/A | AC42A (Transjabodetabek) | Cileungsi Terminal-Kalideres Terminal |
| Mayasari Bakti | N/A | AC125 (Transjabodetabek) | Cikarang Terminal-Kalideres Terminal |

## Gallery

* The signage of the station as of 2021
* Platform 1