OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Between Facts and Norms

Between Facts and Norms (German: Faktizität und Geltung) is a 1992 book on deliberative politics by the German political philosopher Jürgen Habermas. The culmination of the project that Habermas began with The Structural Transformation of the Public Sphere in 1962, it represents a lifetime of political thought on the nature of democracy and law.

## Summary and background

Between Facts and Norms offers an original reconstruction of the philosophy of language (drawing on the author's Theory of Communicative Action, first published in 1981), a theory of jurisprudence, an understanding of constitutional theory, reflections on civil society and democracy, and an attempt to construct a new paradigm of politics that goes beyond, but without discarding, the liberal tradition. At the heart of the book is a reconsideration of the relation between the philosophy of law and political theory.
Criticized for his "discourse ethics" first propounded in 1990, Habermas, in this book, attempts to draw out the political, legal, and institutional implications of his theory, asserting that discourse ethics ought to be complemented by a theory of socialization that accounts for its institutionalization. ("Discourse ethics" is Habermas's attempt to explain the universal and obligatory nature of morality by evoking the universal obligations of communicative rationality.)
Habermas contends that law is the primary medium of social integration in modern society, and is power that extracts obedience from its subjects. As power alone cannot grant it its legitimacy in modern society, law derives its validity from the consent of the governed.
Habermas further accommodates his critics on the role of law by making a distinction between ethics and morality. In a modern pluralist culture, he argues, normative issues should be separated from issues of the good life. Only when various ethical traditions come into conflict with one another, as they inevitably do in a modern pluralist culture, do normative issues arise that have implications for everyone. In Habermas' deliberative paradigm, law stabilizes society, but only through the universal voice of democracy.
Between Facts and Norms concludes with a proposal for a new paradigm of law that goes beyond the dichotomies that have afflicted modern political theory from its inception, and that still underlie current controversies between so-called liberals and republicans.
# Jowpish

Jowpish (Persian: جوپيش, also Romanized as Jowpīsh; also known as Jopīsh) is a village in Lafmejan Rural District, in the Central District of Lahijan County, Gilan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 184, in 61 families.
# Bedrettin Demirel Avenue

Bedrettin Demirel Avenue (Turkish: Bedrettin Demirel Caddesi) is an avenue in North Nicosia. It is one of the busiest avenues in the northern part of the city.
The avenue was known as "Hilarion Avenue" during the British rule. It was widened in time and several tall buildings ("tall" in local standards) were built alongside it. The headquarters of the Yüksel Ahmet Raşit Group, located on the avenue, was the tallest building in North Nicosia until it was surpassed by the Merit Hotel next to it in the early 2010s.
The Assembly of the Republic, TRNC Ministry of Health, Embassy of Turkey to the TRNC, Turkish Cypriot Electrical Corporation (KIB-TEK) headquarters, Turkish Cypriot Chamber of Commerce headquarters and many businesses are located on the avenue. It intersects with Mehmet Akif Avenue and Selçuklu Avenue at the Junction of the Prime Ministry.
# Yury Kozin

Yury Yevgenyevich Kozin (Russian: Юрий Евгеньевич Козин; born 20 September 1948) is a retired Soviet heavyweight weightlifter who won a Soviet and a world title in 1971 and set six ratified world records in 1970–72: five in the press and one in the clean and jerk.
Kozin graduated from the Russian State University of Physical Education, Sport, Youth and Tourism, and after retiring from competitions worked as a weightlifting coach. He prepared Valery Yurov to the 1990 World Championships.
# Jinfeng, Nanchong

Jinfeng (simplified Chinese: 金凤; traditional Chinese: 金鳳; pinyin: Jīnfèng) is a town under the administration of Jialing District, Nanchong, Sichuan, China. As of 2018, it has two residential communities and 21 villages under its administration.
# Kazuki Yazawa

Kazuki Yazawa (矢澤 一輝, Yazawa Kazuki, born 4 March 1989 in Iida, Nagano) is a Japanese slalom canoeist who has competed at the international level since 2006.
At the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing, he was eliminated in the qualifying round of the K1 event finishing in 18th place. Four years later at the London games he was able to qualify for the final of the K1 event where he finished in 9th place.
Kazuki Yazawa also qualified for the 2016 Summer Olympics in Rio de Janeiro where it was reported that in addition to being an Olympian, he is also a Buddhist priest. He finished the K1 event in 11th place.
His sister Aki Yazawa is also an Olympic slalom canoeist.

## World Cup individual podiums

| Season | Date | Venue | Position | Event |
| 2008 | 18 May 2008 | Nakhon Nayok | 1st | K1 |
    $^1$ Asia Canoe Slalom Championship counting for World Cup points
# Rovira (surname)

Rovira (Eastern Calatan:) is a surname of Catalan origin. It is derived from the Latin: robereda, "oak grove", meaning that it is etymologically akin to another Catalan surname, Roureda. Variants of Rovira include Rovires, Robira, Ruvira, Rubira, Rubires, Roïra and Ruyra, as well as the compound forms Roviralta, Roviro, Rovireta, Rovirola and Rubirosa.

## List of persons with the surname

* Gaspar de Portolá i Rovira (1716-1786), Spanish Catalan noble, soldier, explorer
* Antoni Rovira i Virgili (1882–1949), Spanish Catalan politician
* Antoni Rovira i Trias (1816–1889), Spanish Catalan architect
* Carlos Rovira (born 1956), Argentine politician
* Custodio García Rovira (1780–1816), Neogranadine general and statesman
* Francesc Rovira i Sala (1764–1820), priest and partisan leader of the Peninsular War
* Francisco Rovira Beleta (1913–1999), Spanish Catalan screenwriter and film director
* Jacme Rovira, medieval Catalan poet
* Josep Rovira Soler (1900–1998), Spanish Catalan painter
* Josep-Lluís Carod-Rovira (born 1952), Spanish Catalan politician
* José Miguel Rovira (c. 1920–1993), Puerto Rican industrialist
* Luis D. Rovira (1923–2011), justice of the Colorado Supreme Court
* Pere de Rovira (1143–1158), Catalonia, Spain, Knights Templar (First Provincial Master)

## Others

* Rovira Biscuits Corporation, the crackers company
# Polje Čepić

Polje Čepić or Čepić (Italian: Cepich, Felicia, German: Tschepitsch, Pitsch), is a village in Istria County, Croatia, in the municipality of Kršan.

## Description

It is located in the eastern part of Istria, on the western slopes of mountain Učka along the Čepić field, on the state road D500, 1.3 km south from neighboring village Purgarija Čepić, and 5.8 km north east from the municipal center Kršan (D64).

## History

The village territory was first mentioned in 1102 at the time of Patriarchate of Aquileia in the grant by Ulric II to the Aquileia patriarchs, as part of Kožljak castle estate. In 1287 was founded Paulist monastery of St. Mary (also called the Monastery of Our Lady of the Lake). In 1385, the Kožljak lord Filip Gutenegg richly endowed the monastery. In 1606 the monastery is mentioned as župa (parish). In 1783 the monastery was disbanded and the property was sold out to Johann Weikhard from Auersperg noble family. The tombstone with Glagolitic inscription of Kožljak lord Martin Moysevich (1492), which was in the monastery, was relocated to castle chapel in Belaj.
In the hamlet Kloštar was sacral, while in Purgarija profane part of Čepić. The Purgarija was called according to the German word Bürger (citizen), and the former Burg (Engl. Castle). The castle was devastated in the Uskok War (1615-1617), but it was rebuilt. Although the last remains of the ruins were removed at the time of lake drying in 1930, he can be seen in Valvasor engraving from 1679, when was in Auersperg family property.
Inhabitants mainly live from agriculture on fertile field that was created by drying of Lake Čepić in 1930. Before also from lake fishery.

## Demographics

According to the 2021 census, its population was 126. It was 148 in 2011.
Population number according census :
| 1857 | 1869 | 1880 | 1890 | 1900 | 1910 | 1921 | 1931 | 1948 | 1953 | 1961 | 1971 | 1981 | 1991 | 2001 | 2011 |
| 0 | 0 | 253 | 221 | 241 | 274 | 0 | 0 | 319 | 411 | 341 | 289 | 304 | 257 | 168 | 148 |
Note: The data in 1857, 1869, 1921, 1931 and partially in 1880 and 1890, are contained in neighboring village Purgarija Čepić. Named as Polje-Čepić from 1948 until 1971.
# Nizhnyaya Sultanovka

Nizhnyaya Sultanovka (Russian: Нижняя Султановка) is a rural locality (a selo) in Sultanovsky Selsoviet of Volodarsky District, Astrakhan Oblast, Russia. The population was 452 as of 2010. There are 2 streets.

## Geography

Nizhnyaya Sultanovka is located 38 km (24 mi) southwest of Volodarsky (the district's administrative centre) by road. Sakhma is the nearest rural locality.
# 147th Indiana Infantry Regiment

The 147th Indiana Infantry Regiment was an infantry regiment from Indiana that served in the Union Army between March 13 and August 4, 1865, during the American Civil War.

## Service

The regiment consisted of seven companies recruited from the 5th district, two companies from the 11th, and one composed of detachments from Benton, Henry, and Fayette counties. The regiment was organized at Indianapolis, Indiana, with a strength of 1,078 men and mustered in on March 13, 1865. It left Indiana for Harper's Ferry, West Virginia on March 16. It was attached to the 1st Brigade of the 3rd Provisional Division, Army of the Shenandoah, and guard duty at Charleston, Stevenson's Station, Summit Point, Berryville, Harpers Ferry, West Virginia and Maryland Heights, Missouri till early August. During its service the regiment incurred forty-four fatalities, and another sixty-three deserted, unaccounted for one man.
# Jinshi, Dazhou

Jinshi (Chinese: 金石镇; pinyin: Jīnshí zhèn) is a town in Tongchuan District, Dazhou, Sichuan, China. As of 2018, it has one residential community and 17 villages under its administration.
# Simbi, Mali

Simbi, Mali is a small town and commune in the Cercle of Nioro du Sahel in the Kayes Region of south-western Mali. In 1998 the commune had a population of 15658.
# Amanda Eccleston

Amanda Eccleston (née Putt; born 18 June 1990) is an American former middle-distance runner and 2013 NCAA Division I champion in the distance medley relay.

## Biography

Eccleston (then Putt) graduated from Tecumseh High School with a modest 1600 metres personal best of 5:13. As a runner for NCAA Division II school Hillsdale College, she improved to a 4:15 1500 metres personal best and was a three time NCAA Division II champion.
In 2012, Eccleston signed to the Michigan Wolverines track and field NCAA Division I team to compete as a graduate student. At the 2013 NCAA Division I Indoor Track and Field Championships, she anchored the Michigan distance medley relay team to a national title with a 4:32 1600 metres split.
Eccleston earned her first national medal at the 2016 USA Indoor Track and Field Championships, finishing 3rd in the 1500 metres though only the top two were selected to compete at the 2016 IAAF World Indoor Championships. Later that year, she again missed making the US national team by one place, finishing 4th at the 2016 United States Olympic trials.
Eccleston won the 2017 Sir Walter Miler in a time of 4:31.72.
In 2021, Eccleston was named assistant coach of the Central Michigan Chippewas track and field team.

## Statistics
### Personal bests

| Event | Mark | Competition | Venue | Date |
| 1500 metres | 4:03.25 | London Diamond League | London, United Kingdom | 22 July 2016 |
| Mile run | 4:25.64 | West Chester Mile | Raleigh, North Carolina | 5 August 2016 |
# Gabriel Sakellaridis

Gabriel Sakellaridis (Greek: Γαβριήλ Σακελλαρίδης; born 20 August 1980) is a Greek economist and politician of Syriza. From January 2015 to July 2015 he served as the Deputy Minister to the Prime Minister and Government Spokesperson in the Cabinet of Alexis Tsipras. Since September 2017, he is the Greece country Director of Amnesty International.

## Political career

At the 2014 local elections, he ran for the post of the mayor of Athens. In his campaign he advocated for an open city with less police but more quality of life. Finishing second, he reached the second round of the election, but then lost to incumbent Giorgos Kaminis.
On his third attempt, Sakellaridis, placed on second position in the Athens A constituency, won a seat in the January 2015 legislative elections. He had before contested the consecutive May and June elections from unpromising positions in the Athens B constituency.
Following the government takeover by Syriza, he was appointed a Deputy Minister to the Prime Minister and Government Spokesperson. In a government reshuffle on 17 July 2015, he switched his post with Olga Gerovasili who became government speaker, leaving him the post of a parliamentary spokesperson. Reelected in the subsequent September 2015 snap election, Sakellaridis however wasn't reappointed to Tsipras' second cabinet.
On 19 November 2015, Sakellaridis, who was a member of Syriza's moderately leftist "53+" faction, resigned from his parliamentary seat because he could no longer support the bailout and therefore couldn't "contribute to the implementation of government policies." Sakellaridis thereby announced his complete withdrawal from the main political scene.
In September 2017 he was appointed as director of the Greek section of Amnesty International.
In February 2024 he returned to politics joining New Left (Greece) and assuming the position of the party's head of Political Planning.
# Velden, Limburg

Velden (Dutch: ; Limburgish: Velde) is a village in the municipality of Venlo (5,085 inhabitants) in Limburg, Netherlands.

## Location

Velden is situated along the river Meuse about 5 km north of the center of Venlo on N 271 Rijksstraatweg. The German border in the east is 2 km.

## History

During the War of the Spanish Succession, Velden was also occupied by Prussian troops and so until 1814 the Prussian part of Gelderland. Then it fell to the Kingdom of the Netherlands, which established the border into Germany by the distance of a cannon on the banks of the Meuse to the east. In the Treaty of London in 1839, the limits laid down and the entire area was in 1866 with the Netherlands. Until 1 January 2010 belonged to the former municipality of Arcen en Velden.

## Trivia

A ferry crossing the Meuse goes to Grubbenvorst, which is accessible for motorists and cyclists. The long-distance Pieterpad goes through the village. Velden was elected along with two other places as greenest town in the Netherlands in 1999.

## Notable residents

Olympian Herman Bouwens and politician Ger Koopmans were born in Velden.
# Marouane Soussi

Marouane Soussi (born 21 June 1988) is a Tunisian handball player who last played for KH Trepça. He also played for the Tunisian national team.
He participated at the 2017 World Men's Handball Championship.
# Asian Diasporas

Asian Diasporas is an intermittently-broadcast forty-minute BBC Radio 4 documentary programme about Asian communities around the world, first transmitted in 2007 with so far three episodes.
The programme has been introduced by Jatinder Verma, "himself a child of the diaspora", who was born in Dar es Salaam and grew up in Kenya and was the first Asian theatre director to direct a play at Britain's National Theatre.
Asian Diasporas broadcast history to date has consisted of Family, which looked at Japanese people in Latin America and elsewhere; Business, which examined Korean family business in the US; and Politics, which focused on Chinese dissident activists in the US and in Europe. All three themes were interwoven into each episode.
The series was produced by Allison Puranik and edited by Maria Balinska.

## Use in academia

Parts of the audio of the series have been used to teach English as a second language to students at The Hong Kong University.
The series was also featured as a primary source by James Hevia in a course about immigration at the University of North Carolina.
# Energen (cereal drink)

Energen is a cereal drink brand owned by PT Mayora Indah and the Philippines-based Vouno Trade Marketing Services Inc. This brand was fortified with SIGMAvit.

## History
### Indonesia

In 1992, Energen was introduced by PT Mayora Indah Tbk. with the flavors Vanilla, Chocolate, Corn, Green Beans and Ginger.

### Philippines

In 2002, Energen was introduced by Tridharma Marketing Corporation (now Ecossential Foods Corporation) with the flavors Vanilla and Chocolate. It was followed by Bear Brand Busog Lusog in May 2008, which is the first wholly-Filipino made cereal drink. In 2010, Monggo flavor was introduced, but in 2013 it was discontinued, but remains available in Indonesia. In 2013, Ginger flavor was introduced, but it was discontinued in 2016 and remains available in Indonesia. In 2017, Sweet Corn flavor was introduced and discontinued in 2018.

## Variants

Energen is enriched with SIGMAVit (a proprietary nutrient infused powder) with milk, malt, cereal and oats. In Indonesia, it was manufactured as oat milk (like Quaker Oats). In the Philippines, a variant with a mixture of oat drink and real fruit called Energen Go-Fruit in 2013 was manufactured and marketed. It was silently discontinued in 2015.
# 154th Indiana Infantry Regiment

The 154th Indiana Infantry Regiment was an infantry regiment from Indiana that served in the Union Army between April 20 and August 4, 1865, during the American Civil War.

## Service

The regiment was organized at infantry regiment, with a strength of 982 men and mustered in on April 20, 1865. It left Indiana for Parkersburg, West Virginia on April 28. Between May 2 and 4, the regiment moved to Stevenson's Station, Shenandoah Valley, Virginia. They performed duty at Stevenson's Station until June 27, and then at Opequan Creek. On August 4, 1865, the regiment was mustered out. During its service the regiment incurred forty fatalities, another eighty-four men deserted and unaccounted for, one man.
# Lichun, Sichuan

Lichun (simplified Chinese: 丽春; traditional Chinese: 麗春; pinyin: Lìchūn) is a town under the administration of Pengzhou, Sichuan, China. As of 2018, it has eight residential communities and 22 villages under its administration.
# Ankur Bhatia

Ankur Bhatia (born 24 May 1980) is an Indian actor and model. He grew up in Bhopal, India. He made his acting debut in 2010 in Payal Sethi's Grant St. Shaving Co which was produced by Mira Nair. In 2012, he won the Best Actor Commendation Award at the NYU Tisch School of the Arts Film Festival for Coconut Grove. In 2013, Ankur played a negative role in a Bollywood/Tollywood film Zanjeer (2013 film)/Toofan, remake of Zanjeer. He appeared in Apoorva Lakhia's Haseena, starring Shraddha Kapoor, which was released in the theatres on 18 August 2017. In 2020, he played a pivotal role in Disney+ Hotstar show Aarya (Indian TV series), starring Sushmita Sen and directed by Ram Madhvani.

## Early life

Ankur Bhatia was born in Bhopal, India. He moved to United States to pursue a master's degree in Mathematics and worked as an Actuary for top tier consulting firms. He changed his path to Acting as he wanted to become an actor from a very young age. Ankur attended the New York Film Academy to learn Filmmaking and Acting.

## Acting career

Ankur Bhatia's film debut came in 2010 in Payal Sethi's "Grant St. Shaving Co." which was produced by Mira Nair. The film was selected in over 10 film festivals worldwide, including Cannes Film Festival Short film Corner in France and River to River. Florence Indian Film Festival in Italy. It won best film awards in River to River. Florence Indian Film Festival, Smalls Film Festival, London and Mexico International Film Festival, California.
In 2012, he won the Best Actor Commendation Award at the NYU Tisch School of the Arts Film Festival for the movie "Coconut Grove", where he plays a funny, street-smart waiter. Ankur recently finished shooting for an untitled film based on insider trading, inspired by Galleon Group Scandal involving South Asian bankers and consultants in New York City. The film also stars Poorna Jagannathan.
In 2013, Ankur Bhatia played a negative role in a remake of 1973 Bollywood film Zanjeer, directed by Apoorva Lakhia in Hindi and Telugu.
In 2016, he played the role of Baldev, husband of Dalbir Kaur, essayed by Aishwarya Rai Bachchan in Sarabjit directed by Omung Kumar.
In 2017, he played Shraddha Kapoor’s husband in Apoorva Lakhia’s film Haseena.
In 2020, he plays a pivotal role in Disney+ Hotstar show Aarya (Indian TV series) alongside Sushmita Sen directed by Ram Madhvani.

## Filmography
### Films

| Year | Title | Role | Notes |
| 2010 | Rendered | Riyaz | |
| 2010 | Grant St. Shaving Co. | Bunty | |
| 2011 | Coming Home | Lover | |
| 2011 | Coconut Grove | Raj | |
| 2012 | A Dirty Business | Dev Kohli | |
| 2013 | Zanjeer | Bosco | |
| 2016 | Sarbjit | Baldev | |
| 2017 | Haseena Parkar | Ibrahim Parkar | |
| 2021 | Bhavai | | |
| 2021 | Lubdh | Srikant Basu | |
| 2023 | Bloody Daddy | Vikram Chowdhary | Jio Cinema film |
| 2023 | Operation Mayfair | TBA | |

### Television

| Year | Title | Role | Platform |
| 2020 | Aarya | Sangram Singh | Hotstar |
| 2020 | Crackdown | Tariq | Voot |
| 2023 | Taali | Navin | JioCinema |
# Lokovica, Šoštanj

Lokovica (pronounced, German: Lokovitzen) is a settlement in the Municipality of Šoštanj in northern Slovenia. It lies in the hills south of the town of Šoštanj. The area is part of the traditional region of Styria. The municipality is now included in the Savinja Statistical Region.
# Sharpness railway station

Sharpness railway station served the village and docks of Sharpness in Gloucestershire, England from 1875 to 1964.

## History

vteRailways and Canals of the Forest of Dean :
Railways legendWaterways legend :
vteSevern Bridge Railway :
Legend :
vteSharpness branch line :
For canal icons used below, please refer to waterways legend instead. :
Legend :
The station was on the Sharpness Branch Line, part of the Midland Railway, which connected the Bristol and Gloucester Railway main line at Berkeley Road station with the docks at Sharpness. The Sharpness New Docks & Gloucester & Birmingham Navigation Company started operation at Sharpness in 1874. The branch line was opened to freight traffic in August 1875 with passenger services starting a year later.
Sharpness station was originally a terminus for the passenger services and was no more than a temporary platform next to the docks. But in 1879, the Sharpness branch became a through-route with the opening of the Severn Railway Bridge, connecting Sharpness with the Forest of Dean side of the Severn Estuary and enabling through services between Berkeley Road and Lydney Town railway station, some of which ran on to Lydbrook. The new station, built on a curve, had a brick building on the "up" platform (towards Berkeley) and a small shelter on the down platform. Children from Sharpness attending school in Lydney were among the passengers. After 1931, the line was singled.
Through-services to Lydney on the line ceased abruptly in October 1960 when the Severn Railway Bridge was damaged beyond economic repair in a shipping accident, and Sharpness resumed its earlier status as a branch line terminus. Passenger services ceased on the branch in November 1964 and goods facilities were withdrawn in January 1966. The station buildings were demolished. The line to the docks is still open for very occasional freight services.
The Vale of Berkeley Railway Group has campaigned to restore the station and railway.
On 22 October 2019, Stroud District Council announced a draft plan to build a railway station in Sharpness, to support housebuilding plans.

## Services

| Preceding station | Disused railways | Following station |
| Berkeley | Sharpness Branch Line | Terminus |
| Berkeley | Severn Bridge Railway | Severn Bridge |