OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Iziaslav Raion

Iziaslav Raion (Ukrainian: Ізяславський район) was a raion in Khmelnytskyi Oblast in Ukraine. Its administrative center was the city of Iziaslav. It was established in 1923. One city and ninety-one villages were located in Iziaslav Raion. The raion was abolished on 18 July 2020 as part of the administrative reform of Ukraine, which reduced the number of raions of Khmelnytskyi Oblast to three. The area of Iziaslav Raion was merged into Shepetivka Raion. The last estimate of the raion population was 41,972 (2020 est.)

## Geography

Iziaslav Raion was a part of Volhynia. It was one out 20 raions of Khmelnytskyi Oblast. It was a large raion and ranked as the 2nd among the largest with respect to the total area (1,258 km$^2$ corresponding to 6.1% of the total area of Khmelnytskyi Oblast).
Iziaslav Raion was southwest of Rivne Oblast (Ostroh Raion), northeast of Slavuta Raion, west of Shepetivka Raion, north of Krasyliv Raion, and northeast of Teofipol Raion and Bilohiria Raion. The Horyn, Vilia, Homora, Hnylyi Rig and other rivers flowed through the district. There were rail lines through the district (Shepetivka—Ternopil and Shepetivka—Starokostiantyniv).

## Subdivisions

At the time of disestablishment, the raion consisted of three hromadas:
* Iziaslav urban hromada with the administration in Iziaslav;
* Pluzhne rural hromada with the administration in the selo of Pluzhne;
* Sakhnivtsi rural hromada with the administration in the selo of Sakhnivtsi.

## History

From 1923 to 1932 the district was part of the Shepetivka region, then from 1932 to 1937 it was part of the Vinnytsia region. Following that from 1937 to 1954 it was part of the Kamenets Podolsk region. Since 1954 it has been part of the Khmelnytskyi region. Finally Iziaslav Raion was formed September 23, 1959.
# Robert Ropner

Sir (Emil Hugo Oscar) Robert Ropner, 1st Baronet (born Röpner; 16 December 1838 – 26 February 1924) was a German-British shipbuilder, shipowner, and Conservative Member of Parliament.

## Career

Ropner was born in 1838 in Magdeburg, Province of Saxony, Kingdom of Prussia, the son of Johann Heinrich Röpner and Johanne Christiane Emilie Bessel. He emigrated to England and worked for a coal export concern before building up a fleet of colliers and founding the Ropner Shipping Company in Hartlepool in 1874.
In 1888, Robert Ropner acquired a shipyard at Stockton-on-Tees in County Durham. Ropner established a successful shipbuilding firm, which built many trunk deck ships. No longer limited to hauling coal, Ropner also established a company to operate tramp steamers. Although the shipyard went into liquidation soon after what was then known as the Great War, the shipping company continued to operate through both World Wars, despite heavy wartime losses of vessels.
Robert Ropner served as High Sheriff of Durham in 1896 and from 1900 to 1910 represented the constituency of Stockton-on-Tees in the House of Commons. He was President of the UK Chamber of Shipping for 1902.
He was made a Knight Bachelor in the 1902 Birthday Honours and knighted by King Edward VII at Buckingham Palace on 18 December 1902. He was created Baronet of Preston Hall, Stockton-on-Tees, in the County Palatine of Durham, and of Skutterskelfe Hall, Hutton Rudby, in the North Riding of York on 20 August 1904.
Ropner died 26 February 1924, aged 85, and was succeeded in the baronetcy by his eldest son John. His third son William Ropner was the father of the Conservative politician Sir Leonard Ropner, 1st Baronet of Thorp Perrow. Robert Ropner is buried in the family vault at All Saints churchyard, Hutton Rudby, North Yorkshire.
Coat of arms of Robert Ropner :
* CrestUpon three mascles interlaced fessways and in front as many tilting spears one in pale and two In saltire Or a stag’s head erased Sable attired Gold.
* EscutcheonPer fess dancetty Sable and Or a pale counterchanged three mullets pierced two and one as many stags' heads erased one and two all also counterchanged.
* MottoFides Et Fortitudo (Latin: Faith and Fortitude)
# Victoria Heighway

Victoria Heighway (born 28 November 1980) is a New Zealand female rugby union player. She played Lock for New Zealand internationally and represented Auckland at the provincial level.
Heighway made her Black Ferns test debut, aged 19, on 23 September 2000 against Canada at Winnipeg.
Heighway was a member of the champion 2002, 2006, and 2010 Rugby World Cup sides. She captained the Black Ferns in their tour of England in 2009. She was named New Zealand Women’s Player of the Year twice, in 2007 and 2009.
# George Mason (bishop)

George Mason (1729 – 8 December 1783) was an Anglican bishop who served in the Church of England as the Bishop of Sodor and Man from 1780 to 1783.

## Life

He was born in Kirkby Stephen and educated nearby at Sedbergh School. Mason was nominated Bishop of Sodor and Man by Charlotte Murray, Duchess of Atholl on 19 March 1780 and consecrated on 5 March 1780.
He died in office on 8 December 1783.
# Kalari

A kalari is a gymnasium or training space primarily associated with the martial art of Kalaripayattu. The word kalari comes from Malayalam. In the past, village schools in Kerala, typically run by the traditional astrologer families, were known by the name kalari. Later schools for teaching language and grammar started calling in the name Ezhuthu Kalari.

## Kalari teachers

The teacher of a kalari is called a Gurukkal or Asan. Teachers of Ezhuthu Kalari or Ezhuthu Palli were referred to as Asan or Ezhuthassan.

## Construction of a kalari

Traditionally, the kalari is constructed by digging a hollow in the ground, forming a sunken area four feet in depth, forty-two feet in length and twenty-one feet in breadth. This is usually called kuzhikalari. Kuzhi means "portions formed by caving in the earth" in Tamil. The entrance to the Kalari is in the east, to let in the morning sunlight, and leads into the 42-foot leg running east–west while the 21-foot leg runs north–south. Another consideration taken when constructing the kalari is that it is built in the south-west side of the main plot. The floor of the kalari is leveled using mud. In southern and central Tamilnadu, some kalaris were constructed in a circular form, with weapons and other instruments being placed on one end, and students sitting outside the circular arc to watch the training.

## Ankakalari and ankathattu

Ankathattu is a 4 to 6 foot high platform constructed temporarily for the purpose of fighting duels. Ankam means war in Malayalam. This platform is constructed as per tradition and is in the center of the ground from where people can watch the fight. The entire arrangement is called ankakalar. Historically, in Tamilnadu, quarrels between local rulers were resolved by fixing an ankam, a duel to the death, between two ankachekavars, each ruler being represented by one ankachekavar. The ruler represented by the surviving ankachekavar was considered the winner.
# The Saliva Tree

The Saliva Tree is a science fiction novella by British writer Brian W. Aldiss first published in the September 1965 issue of The Magazine of Fantasy and Science Fiction. It won the 1965 Nebula Award for Best Novella (which it shared with He Who Shapes by Roger Zelazny in a tie).
The Saliva Tree was written to mark the centenary of H. G. Wells's birth, and shared the Nebula Award for the best novella of 1965. While set in a Wellsian milieu, it contains two plot elements also found in the stories of H.P. Lovecraft: an object from space which causes crops and livestock to grow prolifically, but be unpalatable (The Colour out of Space) and a monster which is visible only when sprayed with an opaque powder (The Dunwich Horror).
# Mapiá-Inauini National Forest

The Mapiá-Inauini National Forest (Portuguese: Floresta Nacional Mapiá-Inauini) is a national forest in the state of Amazonas, Brazil.

## Location

The Mapiá-Inauini National Forest is divided between the municipalities of Boca do Acre (92.37%) and Pauini (7.63%) in the state of Amazonas. It has an area of 311,000 hectares (770,000 acres). The national forest is in the Purus River basin. The forest adjoins the Purus National Forest to the east and the Arapixi Extractive Reserve to the south. The Inauini/Teuini Indigenous Territory is to the north and the Igarapé Capanã.and Camicuã indigenous territories adjoin the forest to the south. The national forest overlaps 1.39% with indigenous territories.

## Environment and economy

Vegetation is 70% dense rainforest and 30% open rainforest. The residents gather Brazil nuts and plant cassava to make flour, selling the nuts and flour in Boca do Acre. Although there were several communities on the banks of the São Francisco and São Domingos streams and the Inauini River, in 2003 the forest seemed well-preserved. The local people have complained that many people come up the Inauini by boat and fish in nearby lakes. The intruders also collect turtles, which has led to a sharp drop in the turtle population.

## History

The Mapiá-Inauini National Forest was created by federal decree 98.051 of 14 August 1989, with an area of about 311,000 hectares (770,000 acres). It is administered by the Chico Mendes Institute for Biodiversity Conservation (ICMBio). It is classed as IUCN protected area category VI (protected area with sustainable use of natural resources). The objectives are sustainable multiple use of forest resources, and scientific research with emphasis on methods of sustainable exploitation of native forests.
On 26 September 2005 the Instituto Nacional de Colonização e Reforma Agrária (INCRA – National Institute for Colonization and Agrarian Reform) recognised the state forest as supporting 100 families of small rural producers, who would qualify for PRONAF support. This was modified to 200 families on 31 December 2008. The management plan was approved on 18 August 2009. The consultative council was created on 11 March 2010.
# Grigori Machtet

Grigori Alexandrovich Machtet (Ukrainian: Мачтет Григорій Олександрович) (1852-1901) was a writer from the Russian Empire. He was also a revolutionary, poet, and journalist. He is known as the author of the well-known revolutionary song "Tormented by Heavy Bondage" (Russian: Замучен тяжёлой неволей).

## Early life

Early life
The Machtet family originally came from England.
Grigori Alexandrovich Machtet was born in Lutsk, a city in Western Ukraine. In 1865, he was allegedly expelled from fourth grade at the Nemirov Gymnasium for showing sympathy towards the participants in the Polish uprising of 1863. That same year, his father passed away, leaving him orphaned.
In 1870, he received permission to take an exam to become a teacher of history and geography in the district schools. He taught for two years at the schools in Mogilev and Kamianets-Podilskyi.

## Personal life

In 1880, Machtet married fellow political exile Yelena Petrovna Medvedeva, a participant in the infamous "Trial of the Fifty". Their son, Taras Machtet (1891-1938) became a poet and a member of the Luminist literary movement.
The family settled in Zaraysk and lived there until 1900. On December 3, 1961, a marble memorial plaque was installed on a house in Zaraysk with the inscription: “From 1891-1895 writer Grigory Aleksandrovich Machtet lived and worked in this house."

## Political activity

In 1872 Machtet left Russia for the United States with the intention of organizing agricultural communes there. The attempts made to found a commune were unsuccessful and Machtet returned to Russia in 1875, settling in Saint Petersburg.
In 1876 Machtet was imprisoned to the Peter and Paul Fortress where he spent a year in solitary confinement. He was then exiled to Siberia.
In 1900 he received permission to return to Saint Petersburg but died there shortly after.

## Works

Machtets works are characterized by their sharpness, humanism, and elements of melodrama. He began to write while in America, and published his poems in the Russian emigré newspaper "Svoboda" (Russian: Свобода). Upon returning to Russia, Machtet published essays about life in North America.
Published works
"A Man with a Plan" (1886)
At Dawn (1886)
One Warrior In The Field (1886)
"The Prodigal Son" (1887)
At Dawn (1893)
# Volvo Longnose

The Volvo LV180/190 and 290-series, or the Longnose was a truck produced by Swedish automaker Volvo between 1937 and 1951.

## Volvo LV180/190

The LV180/190-series was presented in the beginning of 1937. The truck shared both front end and engine with the smaller LV90-series while other components were sturdier to cope with heavier loads.
Production ceased in 1943 and the LV180/190-series was replaced by larger versions of the Roundnose.

## Volvo LV290

The "Longnose" LV290 was Volvo's largest truck so far. With trailing axle the gross weight could reach 13 tonnes. It had a new overhead valve engine, designed by Gotthard Österberg who had come to Volvo when Tidaholm ceased production in 1933. To cover the engine the LV290 had an even longer bonnet than the LV180/190 trucks. During the Second World War many of these trucks had their engines converted to run on wood gas.
From 1947 onwards the LV290 series could be delivered with Volvo's pre-chamber diesel engine VDB. On these trucks the bonnet had been extended even further to accommodate the large engine. A few trucks were fitted with the larger direct injected VDF engine in 1951 before the Longnose was succeeded by Volvo Titan.

## Engines

| Model | Year | Engine | Displacement | Power | Type |
| LV180-193 | 1937–43 | Volvo FC: I6 ohv | 4,394 cc (268.1 cu in) | 90 bhp (67 kW) | Petrol engine |
| LV180-193 | 1937–43 | Volvo FCH: I6 ohv | 4,394 cc (268.1 cu in) | 90 bhp (67 kW) | Hesselman engine |
| LV290-293 | 1937 | Volvo FA: I6 ohv | 6,724 cc (410.3 cu in) | 120 bhp (89 kW) | Petrol engine |
| LV290-293 | 1937 | Volvo FAH: I6 ohv | 6,724 cc (410.3 cu in) | 120 bhp (89 kW) | Hesselman engine |
| LV290-293 | 1938–51 | Volvo FB: I6 ohv | 7,565 cc (461.6 cu in) | 140 bhp (104 kW) | Petrol engine |
| LV290-293 | 1938–46 | Volvo FBH: I6 ohv | 7,565 cc (461.6 cu in) | 140 bhp (104 kW) | Hesselman engine |
| LV290-293 | 1947–51 | Volvo VDB: I6 ohv | 8,740 cc (533 cu in) | 130 bhp (97 kW) | Pre-chamber diesel |
| LV290-293 | 1951 | Volvo VDF: I6 ohv | 9,602 cc (585.9 cu in) | 150 bhp (112 kW) | Direct injection diesel |

## Gallery

* 1942 Volvo LV292 with wood gas generator.
* 1938 Volvo LV293 fire engine.
# One Summer of Happiness

One Summer of Happiness (Swedish: Hon dansade en sommar, lit. 'She danced one summer') is a 1951 Swedish film by director Arne Mattsson, based on the 1949 novel Sommardansen (The summer dance) by Per Olof Ekström. It was the first Swedish film to win the Golden Bear at the Berlin International Film Festival. It was also nominated for the Palme d'Or at the 1952 Cannes Film Festival. Today, the film is mainly known for its nude scenes, which caused much controversy at the time and, together with Ingmar Bergman's Summer with Monika (1953), spread the image of Swedish "free love" around the world.

## Plot

The film tells the story about the university student Göran who spends a summer on his uncle's farm, where he meets the young Kerstin. They instantly fall in love, but Kerstin is ruled by very strict relatives, so they must hide their love story from everyone, not the least from the extremely strict vicar. They experience an intense summer together, and Göran dreads the idea of returning to university in the autumn. A twist of fate changes their lives forever.

## Cast

* Ulla Jacobsson as Kerstin
* Folke Sundquist as Göran
* Edvin Adolphson as Anders Persson
* Irma Christenson as Sigrid
* John Elfström as The Vicar
* Nils Hallberg as Nisse
* Gunvor Pontén as Sylvia
* Berta Hall as Anna
* Axel Högel as Kerstin's Grandfather

## Reception

The film caused much international controversy, because of a nude swimming sequence and a love scene which included a close-up of Ulla Jacobsson's breasts, but also because of its very anti-clerical message by portraying a local priest as the main villain. So, in spite of its awards, the film was banned in Spain and several other countries, and was not widely released in the United States until 1955, although it was showing in San Francisco as early as October 1953.

## Awards
### Won

* 2nd Berlin International Film Festival - Golden Bear
* 1952 Cannes Film Festival - Best Music.

### Nominated

* 1952 Cannes Film Festival - Palme d'Or
# University of Baeza

The University of Baeza (Spanish: Universidad de Baeza) was a university in Baeza in the old Kingdom of Jaén, Spain. Established in 1538, it existed until 1824. The surviving university building was built in 1595.

## History

The University of Baeza was established in 1538 by a papal bull of Paul III. Its first rector was Saint John of Avila. After successfully fending off an attempt in 1585 by the Augustinians to establish a rival university, in 1630, Pope Urban VIII granted it the status of a pontifical university, upon the demise of the university in nearby Jaén.
The curriculum included liberal arts, medicine, and theology. Founded by notary Rodrigo López, a relative of Pope Paul III, the school had important early participation from so-called New Christians—bourgeois Jews who had converted to Christianity rather than leave Spain—as well as from the Jesuits and the Carmelites; Saint John of the Cross participated in prayer seminars there.
In terms of the battles over theology, the University of Baeza in its early years was distinctly on the modernizing side. Between its alumbrado mysticism and the Jewish ancestry of many of its faculty (including rector John of Avila), the university aroused the suspicions of the Spanish Inquisition. Many of its most popular faculty faced the Inquisition. While Hernán Núñez, Hernando de Herrera, Diego Pérez de Valdivia and Bernardino de Carleval all escaped any formal conviction, the Inquisition effectively ended all of their careers, as they spent large portions of their lives entangled in its processes. Bernardino de Carleval was forced to formally recant a statement that the Jews were not responsible for the crucifixion of Jesus.
Eventually, both the city and university went into a long decline, as did all urban settlements in the province of Jaén. The province increasingly became a rural backwater, a pattern that continued until quite recent times. The local aristocracy became absentees, at court in Madrid or living in other major Spanish cities, investing their wealth there rather than in Jaén and Baeza; the textile industry that had been the basis of local wealth went into a particular decline. Teaching at the university ossified, and an 1807 decree abolished the university. There was a brief, and rather weak, revival in 1815, followed by the definitive abolition of the university in 1824.
In 1979, university-level education in Baeza was revived with the establishment of a "summer university", originally affiliated with the University of Granada and, since 1994, with the International University of Andalusia. The program is now known as the Antonio Machado Summer University, after the Spanish poet who lived for a time in the city.
The old building of the University of Baeza is now used by the Instituto "Stma. Trinidad" ("Holy Trinity"), which describes itself as the "cultural heir of the old university of Baeza". They have revived and, to some degree, updated such facilities as the university library and some of its halls, and supplement the Renaissance-era building with modern sports facilities and present-day technologies.
# Hat Kruat

Hat Kruat (Thai: หาดกรวด, pronounced) is a village and tambon (sub-district) of Mueang Uttaradit District, in Uttaradit Province, Thailand. In 2005, it had a population of 7,771 people. The tambon contains nine villages.
# Ribe Katedralskole

55°19′35.07″N 8°45′37.56″E﻿ / ﻿55.3264083°N 8.7604333°E﻿ / 55.3264083; 8.7604333
Ribe Katedralskole is a cathedral school in the town of Ribe, Denmark. The school was first mentioned in 1145, making it one of the oldest schools in the world. The oldest building still in use, Puggård, is from the fourteenth century. Except for churches, this is the oldest Scandinavian building still used for its original purpose.
Today the school is an independent school functioning as a modern high school (Danish: Gymnasium og HFkursus).

## Famous alumni

| Famous Alumni | Year | Occupation |
| Peder Palladius | | Bishop, Author |
| Hans Thomesen | 1550 | Hymn writer |
| Anders Sørensen Vedel | 1561 | Author, Historian |
| Anders Bording | 1637 | Editor |
| H. A. Brorson | 1712 | Danish Pietist clergyman and Hymn writer. |
| Henning Frederik Feilberg | 1849 | Author, Folklorist |
| Eugenius Warming | 1859 | Botanist |
| Jacob A. Riis | Did not graduate | Journalist, pioneer of American photojournalism |
| Jørgen Pedersen Gram | 1868 | Mathematician, forsikringsmand |
| Hans Brix | 1887 | Author, Critic, Professor |
| Hans Edvard Nørregård-Nielsen | 1965 | Author, mag.art, Director |
| Holger K. Nielsen | 1969 | Politician |
| Per Vers | ? | Rapper |
| Henrik Dahl | 1978 | Author, Sociologist |
| Rune Engelbreth Larsen | 1986 | Author, Politician |
| Katrine Winkel Holm | 1989 | Theologian, Debater, Boardmember of Danmarks Radio |
# Ingo Wellenreuther

Ingo Peter Wellenreuther (born 16 December 1959 in Karlsruhe) is a German politician of the Christian Democratic Union (CDU) who served as a member of the Bundestag from 2002 to 2021.

## Early career

From 1991 until 2000, Wellenreuther was a judge at the Karlsruhe Regional Court. He later worked as advisor to the CDU/CSU parliamentary group in the German Parliament from 2000 until 2001.

## Political career

Wellenreuther first became a member of the German Bundestag in the 2002 federal elections.
From 2005 until 2009, Wellenreuther served on the Committee on Internal Affairs. From 2009, he was a member of the Committee on Legal Affairs and Consumer Protection. Also, from 2009, he served on the parliamentary body in charge of appointing judges to the Highest Courts of Justice, namely the Federal Court of Justice (BGH), the Federal Administrative Court (BVerwG), the Federal Fiscal Court (BFH), the Federal Labour Court (BAG), and the Federal Social Court (BSG).
Ahead of the Christian Democrats’ leadership election in 2021, Wellenreuther publicly endorsed Friedrich Merz to succeed Annegret Kramp-Karrenbauer as the party's chair.
He lost his seat to Zoe Mayer of the Alliance 90/The Greens in the 2021 German federal election. In 2024, he moved into the Bundestag again as a replacement for Diana Stöcker via the CDU state list.

## Other activities

* Karlsruher SC, President (2010-2020)
* Federal Agency for Civic Education, Member of the Board of Trustees (since 2007)
* German Football Association (DFB), Member of the Board (2013-2017)
* Foundation Remembrance, Responsibility and Future, Member of the Board of Trustees (2006-2011)
* Internationaler Bund, Member of the Board of Trustees (2002-2017)

## Personal life

Wellenreuther is married. He is the father of Feyenoord's goalkeeper Timon Wellenreuther.
# Môle-Saint-Nicolas Arrondissement

Môle-Saint-Nicolas (Haitian Creole: Mòl Sen Nikola) is an arrondissement in the Nord-Ouest Department of Haiti. As of 2015, the population was 245,590 inhabitants. Postal codes in the Môle-Saint-Nicolas Arrondissement start with the number 33.
The arrondissement consists of the following communes:
* Môle Saint-Nicolas
* Baie-de-Henne
* Bombardopolis
* Jean-Rabel