# Youth Pledge

Part of a series on the :
History of Indonesia :
Timeline :
Prehistory Paleolithic Java Man 1,000,000 BP Flores Man 94,000–12,000 BP Neolithic Toba catastrophe 75,000 BP Buni culture 400 BCE :
Hindu and Buddhist kingdoms Kutai kingdom 350–1605 Tarumanagara kingdom 400s–500s Kantoli 400s-500s Kalingga kingdom 500s–600s Melayu kingdom 600s–1347 Srivijaya Empire 600s–1025 Shailendra Dynasty 600s–900s Mataram kingdom 716–1016 Bali kingdom 914–1908 Sunda kingdom 932–1579 Kahuripan kingdom 1019–1045 Kediri kingdom 1045–1221 Dharmasraya kingdom 1183–1347 Pannai kingdom 1000s–1300s Singhasari Empire 1222–1292 Majapahit Empire 1293–1527 :
Islamic sultanates Spread of Islam 800–1600 Peureulak Sultanate840–1292 Aru kingdom 1225–1613 Ternate Sultanate 1257–1914 Samudera Pasai Sultanate 1267–1521 Pagaruyung kingdom 1347–1833 Brunei Sultanate 1368–1888 Malacca Sultanate 1400–1511 Sulu Sultanate 1405–1851 Cirebon Sultanate 1445–1677 Demak Sultanate 1475–1554 Aceh Sultanate 1496–1903 Sultanate of Ternate 1486–1914 Sultanate of Bacan 1515–1946 Sultanate of Tidore 1500s–1967 Sultanate of Jailolo 1496–1903 Banten Sultanate 1526–present Banjar Sultanate 1526–1863 Kalinyamat Sultanate 1527–1599 Mataram Sultanate 1586–1755 Johor Sultanate 1528s–1877 Kingdom of Kaimana 1600s–1926 Palembang Sultanate 1659–1823 Siak Sultanate 1725–1946 Surakarta Sunanate 1745–present Yogyakarta Sultanate 1755–present Deli Sultanate 1814–1946 Riau-Lingga Sultanate 1824–1911 :
Christian kingdoms Larantuka kingdom 1515–1904 Kingdom of Bolaang Mongondow1670–1950 :
Chinese Kongsi federations Heshun Confederation1776–1854 Lanfang Republic1777–1884 Santiaogou Republic1777–1853 :
European colonization Portuguese 1512–1850 Spanish 1521–1677 Dutch East India Company 1602–1799 British 1685–1824 French and British interregnum 1806–1816 Dutch East Indies 1800–1942 1945–1949 :
Emergence of Indonesia National Awakening 1908–1942 Japanese occupation 1942–1945 National Revolution 1945–1949 United States of Indonesia 1949–1950 :
Republic of Indonesia Liberal democracy 1950–1959 Guided Democracy 1959–1966 Transition 1966–1967 New Order 1967–1998 Reform era 1998–present :
Regions
Jakarta
Bali
Bogor
Bandung :
By topic
Agriculture
Archaeology
Currency
Economy
Education
Javanese historical texts
Religion
Buddhism
Christianity
Hinduism
Islam
Judaism
Mass media
Military
Sport
Women :
Indonesia portal :
vte :
The Youth Pledge (Indonesian: Sumpah Pemuda, lit. 'Youth Oath'), officially titled as Decision of the Congress of Indonesian Youth (van Ophuijsen spelling Indonesian: Poetoesan Congres Pemoeda-pemoeda Indonesia) is the pledge made by young Indonesians since 28 October 1928, which defined the identity of Indonesians. The decision proclaimed three ideas: one motherland, one nation, and a unifying language.

## Background

The first Indonesian youth congress was held in Batavia (now called Jakarta), the capital of the then-Dutch East Indies in 1926. It produced no formal decisions but did promote the idea of a united Indonesia. The dream of Indonesian independence inspired all Indonesian youth to unite their efforts in mobilizing youth organizations into one forum. At the time, the situation was tense since the Dutch colonial authority had just crushed the joint rebellion between communists and religious groups in Cilegon, Banten, and West Sumatra. Wage Rudolf Supratman, in preparation, composed and recorded the song "Indonesia" (prototype of "Indonesia Raya") with the help of Yo Kim Tjan, owner of Toko Populaire, a music store in Pasar Baru. This was after being rejected by Dutch-owned Firma Odeon and Tio Tek Hong, owner of a vinyl store in Pasar Baru, in fear of the Dutch authority. The music was recorded secretly in Yo Kim Tjan's house near Bilangan Gunung Sahari in 1927.
In October 1928, the second Indonesian youth congress was held in three locations. The first session was held on 27 October 1928 in the Katholieke Jongelingenbond building, where hope was expressed for the congress to inspire the feeling of unity. The second session saw discussions about educational issues held in the Oost Java Bioscoop building. The third and final session on 28 October was held at Jalan Kramat Raya No, 106, which was a house owned by Sie Kong Lian. This event was closed by the hearing of the future Indonesian national anthem Indonesia Raya by Wage Rudolf Supratman played with violin, and sang by Haji Agus Salim's daughter, Theodora Atia "Dolly" Salim, but was modified slightly to not provoke Dutch authority.
The congress was closed with a reading of the youth pledge.

## The pledge

In Indonesian, with the original spelling, the pledge reads:
   Pertama Kami poetra dan poetri Indonesia, mengakoe bertoempah darah jang satoe, tanah air Indonesia. Kedoea Kami poetra dan poetri Indonesia, mengakoe berbangsa jang satoe, bangsa Indonesia. Ketiga Kami poetra dan poetri Indonesia, mendjoendjoeng bahasa persatoean, bahasa Indonesia.
In Indonesian with current spelling:
   Pertama Kami putra dan putri Indonesia, mengaku bertumpah darah yang satu, tanah air Indonesia. Kedua Kami putra dan putri Indonesia, mengaku berbangsa yang satu, bangsa Indonesia. Ketiga Kami putra dan putri Indonesia, menjunjung bahasa persatuan, bahasa Indonesia.
In English:
   Firstly We the sons and daughters of Indonesia, acknowledge one motherland, Indonesia. Secondly We the sons and daughters of Indonesia, acknowledge to be of one nation, the nation of Indonesia. Thirdly We the sons and daughters of Indonesia, uphold the language of unity, Indonesian.

## First Congress of Indonesian Youth

* Chairman: Sugondo Djojopuspito (Perhimpunan Pelajar-Pelajar Indonesia/PPPI)
* Vice Chairman: R.M. Djoko Marsaid (Jong Java)
* Secretary: Mohammad Yamin (Jong Soematranen Bond)
* Treasurer: Amir Sjarifuddin (Jong Batak Bond)
* Aide I: Johan Mohammad Cai (Jong Islamieten Bond)
* Aide II: R. Katjasoengkana (Pemoeda Indonesia)
* Aide III: R.C.I. Sendoek (Jong Celebes)
* Aide IV: Johannes Leimena (Jong Ambon)
* Aide V: Mohammad Rochjani Su'ud (Pemoeda Kaoem Betawi)

## Original Draft

The Youth Pledge is a commitment by Indonesian youth from various ethnic groups to unite in Indonesia. However, it turns out that the original script of the Youth Pledge did not mention the Indonesian language but instead used Malay.
In the First Indonesian Youth Congress, the proposal for the original Youth Pledge was formulated by Mohammad Yamin.
In Indonesian, with the original spelling, the draft pledge reads:
   Pertama Kami poetra dan poetri Indonesia, mengakoe bertoempah darah jang satoe, tanah air Indonesia. Kedoea Kami poetra dan poetri Indonesia, mengakoe berbangsa jang satoe, bangsa Indonesia. Ketiga Kami poetra dan poetri Indonesia, mendjoendjoeng bahasa persatoean, bahasa Melajoe.
In English:
   Firstly We the sons and daughters of Indonesia, acknowledge one motherland, Indonesia. Secondly We the sons and daughters of Indonesia, acknowledge to be of one nation, the nation of Indonesia. Thirdly We the sons and daughters of Indonesia, uphold the language of unity, Malay.
However, the original Youth Pledge sparked a debate. Mohammad Tabrani objected to the third paragraph of the original Youth Pledge, which used Malay. According to him, Malay should be replaced with Indonesian so that the entire formulation includes the name Indonesia at the end.
This debate inevitably led to changes in the wording of the original Youth Pledge. However, initially, there was no agreement on the change of formulation.
Therefore, the proposal for Mohammad Yamin's proposal for the original Youth Pledge was submitted again at the Second Indonesian Youth Congress. The congress took place from 27 to 28 October 1928, in Jakarta. The Second Youth Congress resulted in the Youth Pledge that we still hear today and marked the birth of Indonesian language.

## National Day

As of Presidential Decree No. 316 of 1959 dated December 16, 1959, 28 October became non-holiday national day.