OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Nyland and Tavastehus County Cavalry Regiment

The Nyland and Tavastehus County Cavalry Regiment (Swedish: Nylands och Tavastehus läns kavalleriregemente) was a Swedish Army cavalry regiment located in the county of Nyland and Tavastehus that traced its origins back to the 17th Century. It was split in 1791.

## History

The regiment has its origin in the Nyland cavalry (Swedish: Nylands ryttare) raised in 1618. In 1632, this unit was organized into a cavalry regiment. The regiment's soldiers were conscripted mainly from the county of Nyland and Tavastehus. It was one of the original eight Swedish cavalry regiments mentioned in the Swedish constitution of 1634. The regiment's first commander was Torsten Stålhandske. Finnish horsemen were also known as "Hakkapeliitat".
In the spring of 1700, the regiment was transferred to General Wellingk's army corps in Swedish Livonia. From 1702 on, the regiment, with six of its eight companies, had joined the main army. In 1705–1706 it was part of Carl Gustaf Rehnskiöld's corps. After the Battle of Poltava in 1709, the regiment was present at the capitulation in Perevolochna. The regiment had to be completely reraised. It was then stationed with the army in Finland. The regiment was part of General Armfeldt's army of 7,500 men which invaded Norway through Jämtland in August 1718.
The cavalry regiment was reorganized into Nyland and Tavastehus dragoon regiment in 1721. In 1791, the regiment was converted to infantry. The northern battalion was incorporated into Tavastehus county infantry regiment as its third battalion, while the southern battalion was incorporated into Nyland Infantry Regiment.

## Campaigns

* The Thirty Years' War 1630–1648
* The Great Northern War 1700–1721

## Organization

1690(?)
* Södra bataljonen
** Livskvadronen
** Majorens (Borgå) skvadron
** Helsing skvadron
** Raseborgs skvadron
* Norra bataljonen
** Överstelöjtnantens skvadron
** Nedre Hållola Skvadron
** Övre Hållola Skvadron
** Säxmäki Skvadron

## Commanding officers

* 1625–1632 Åke Tott
* 1632–1644 Torsten Stålhandske
* 1644–1656 Henrik Horn
* 1656–1669 Johan Galle
* 1669–16?? Claes Uggla
* Baranoff.
* 1678–1687 Otto Vellingk
* 1687–1700 Johan Ribbing
* 1700–1701 Adrian Magnus Klingsporre
* 1701–1706 Didrik Fredrik Patkull
* 1707–1709 Anders Torstenson (1676-1709) †
* 1709–1713 Anders Erich Ramsay
* 1713–1724 Reinhold Johan De la Barre
* 1725–1728 Axel Erik Roos
* 1728–1739 Carl Henrik Wrangel
* 1739–1742 Johan Carl Ramsay
* 1743–1746 Gustaf Gynterfelt
* 1746–1759 Lars Åkerhielm
* 1759–1762 Herman Fleming
* 1762–1767 Gustav Crispin Jernfeltz
* 1768–1769 Casimir Lewenhaupt
* 1769–1772 Jakob Magnus Sprengtporten
* 1772–1776 Johan von Schwartzer
* 1776–1777 Erik Johan Stjernvall
* 1777–1779 Georg Gustaf Wrangel af Adinal
* 1779–1791 Robert Montgomery
# Akbarabad, West Azerbaijan

Akbarabad (Persian: اكبراباد, also Romanized as Akbarābād) is a village in Dizaj Rural District, in the Central District of Khoy County, West Azerbaijan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 1,446, in 295 families.
# Cheshmeh-ye Gav

Cheshmeh-ye Gav (Persian: چشمه گاو, also Romanized as Cheshmeh-ye Gāv, Chashmeh Gav, and Chashmeh-i-Gav) is a village in Naharjan Rural District, Mud District, Sarbisheh County, South Khorasan Province, Iran. According to the 2006 census, it had a population of 47 in 15 families.
# Ivan Lam

Ivan Lam Long-yin (Chinese: 林朗彥, born 18 July 1994) is a Hong Kong political activist who, together with Joshua Wong, established the Hong Kong student activist group, Scholarism, in May 2011. In 2018, he replaced Nathan Law as the chairperson of Demosisto. In December 2020, Lam was sentenced to seven months in prison for his role during the 2019 protests. Along with him, activists Joshua Wong and Agnes Chow were also convicted. On 12 April 2021, he was released from prison.
On 5 July 2023, Lam was again arrested, along with three others, according to local media. The group was suspected to have provided financial aid to self-exiled activists, and to have published seditious material on social media.
# Mirak, Iran

Mirak (Persian: ميرك, also Romanized as Mīrak; also known as Marīkh) is a village in Khvor Khvoreh Rural District, in the Central District of Bijar County, Kurdistan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 64, in 16 families. The village is populated by Kurds.
# Izvestiy TSIK Islands

The Izvestiy TSIK Islands or Izvesti Tsik Islands (Russian: Острова Известий ЦИК), also known as Izvestia Islands, is an island group in the Kara Sea, Russian Federation.

## Geography

The archipelago includes two large and two small islands covered with tundra vegetation, shingle and ice. It is located in the Kara Sea, about 150 km from the coast of Siberia and just 45 km north of the nearest island group, the Arkticheskiy Institut Islands. The largest island is Troynoy with a length of 27 km. The sea surrounding the Izvesti Tsik Islands is covered with pack ice in the winter and there are numerous ice floes even in the summer. The strait between Pologyy-Sergeyeva and Gavrilina Island is known as Proliv Belukha. The wholly submerged Sadko Shoal (Russian: Банка Садко;Banka Sadko) is located roughly 30 km to the NE of Tupoy Point, Troynoy Island's easternmost headland.

## Environment

This island group belongs to the Krasnoyarsk Krai administrative division of Russia and is part of the Great Arctic State Nature Reserve, the largest nature reserve of Russia.

### Birds

The islands are a breeding ground for migratory birds during the brief summer season. They regularly support significant populations of brent geese, king eiders, ruddy turnstones, sanderlings, ivory and glaucous gulls, arctic terns, long-tailed and arctic jaegers, and snow buntings. The archipelago has been recognised as an Important Bird Area (IBA) by BirdLife International.

## History

These islands were named after Izvestiya Tsentral'nogo Ispolnitel'nogo Komiteta, which was the full title of the newspaper Izvestia. A topographic survey of the islands was conducted in 1939.
There is a scientific station (Polyarnaya Stantsiya) on Troynoy Island that was founded in 1953. In September 2016 the weather station was encircled by about 10 adult polar bears as well as cubs, making it dangerous for scientists to exit. A nearby ship was able to deliver dogs and flares to the island, allowing the scientists, who had been trapped for two weeks, to scare off the bears.
# Yovkovo

Yovkovo (Bulgarian: Йовково) is a village in General Toshevo Municipality, Dobrich Province, in northeastern Bulgaria. The village is named after Yordan Yovkov in 1942. Its Turkish name was Chifut Kyusu (Bulgarian: Чифут Куюсу; Turkish: Çıfıt Kuyusu).
The village has a population of 256 people (as of 2019), down from its peak of 782 inhabitants in 1985. The population consists mainly of ethnic Turks and Tatars. The village used to be part of Romania between 1913 and 1940.
# Young Pioneers (Norway)

Young Pioneers (Norwegian: Unge Pionerer, UP) was a socialist children's organization in Norway. It was founded in 1952, as a continuation of the interbellum Pioneer League of Norway. Initially the organization was firmly connected to the Communist Party of Norway, but in the 1970s it became more independent as parents affiliated with the Socialist Left Party brought their children to the organization.
On May 1, 1976, UP began publishing Ung Røst.

## International affiliation

UP was the Norwegian affiliate of CIMEA, and participated in international and Nordic pioneer camps.
# Norwegian Defence Cross of Honour

The Norwegian Defence Cross of Honour (Norwegian: Forsvarets hederkors) is a medal which is awarded by the commander of the Norwegian Defence forces to persons having performed Meritious work in or for the Norwegian defence forces.
The Medal was established by royal decree on 30 January 2012, after a proposal of the commander of the Norwegian forces. It ranks as number 18 in the list of Norwegian decorations, though it is equal to the Norwegian Police Cross of Honour and Civil Defence Cross of Honour ranked 16th and 17th by seniority only.
The Norwegian Defence Cross of Honour consists of a cross with slightly splayed out arms, with the Norwegian armed forces herald (Coat of arms of Norway with point up, crossed swords) in the cross-junction; The cross is lain over silver laurels.

## Notable recipients

* Gunnar Sønsteby
# Jafarabad, Shahr-e Babak

Jafarabad (Persian: جعفراباد, also Romanized as Ja‘farābād) is a village in Khabar Rural District, Dehaj District, Shahr-e Babak County, Kerman Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 43, in 12 families.
# Belogradchik

Belogradchik (Bulgarian: Белоградчик, lit. 'Small White Town'; pronounced) is a town in Vidin Province, northwestern Bulgaria, and is the administrative centre of the homonymous municipality. The town is situated in the foothills of the Balkan Mountains just east of the Serbian border and about 50 km south of the Danube River. The town is close to the Belogradchik Rocks, which cover an area of 90 square kilometers and reach up to 200 meters in height. As of December 2009, it had a population of 5,334.

## Tourism

The town is a tourist destination. Local landmarks include the medieval Belogradchik Fortress and the Belogradchik Rocks.
Other tourist attractions in the area are the nearby Magura Cave, famous for its prehistoric cave paintings, and the Baba Vida medieval fortress in the nearby town of Vidin on the Danube river.

## Gallery

* Belogradchik Rocks
* Belogradchik Fortress
* View of the town
# Tadea de San Joaquín

Sister (Spanish: Sor) Tadea de San Joaquín (c. 1750–1827) was a Carmelite nun and writer of the Chilean Colonial period who wrote Catholic confessional ballad about the great flood of 1783. She is said to be the first woman poet of Chile.

## Biography

Tadea García de la Huerta was born around 1750 in Santiago, Chile to the well-to-do family of Pedro García de la Huerta and María Ignacia Rosales. Her maternal grandfather was the Royal Court lawyer, Juan Rosales. In 1770, she joined the newly formed convent Monasterio del Carmen de San Rafael and took the name Sister Tadea de San Joaquín. In 1783, a flood forced the nuns of the convent to flee and Sister Tadea was encouraged to write a ballad about the events to her confessor who was away. Her detailed depiction of the events, titled Relación de la inundación que hizo el río Mapocho de la ciudad de Santiago de Chile, en el Monasterio de Carmelitas, Titular de San Rafael, describes the nuns' assent to the church tower to escape the rising water; their eventual rescue by three men, including Sister Tadea's brother, who were sent by Bishop Alday; and their final flight through waist-high water. It is considered the first poem of a Chilean woman and was published in Lima, Peru in 1784. The ballad is 516 verses in octosyllabic meter and demonstrates that she was familiar with both Baroque and epic poetry. Initially printed with an anonymous author, her identity was not revealed until 1850, when José Ignacio Eyzaguirre Portales [es] ecclesiastical historian of Chile, identified her and her work.
Sister Tadea served as superior of the monastery three times and composed verses until her death in 1827.
# Londonderry Island

Londonderry Island (Spanish: Isla Londonderry) is an island (UFI -889706) in the Magallanes Region at the western end of the Beagle Channel and Darwin Sound. The island was named by the captain of HMS Beagle, Robert FitzRoy, whose maternal grandfather was The 1st Marquess of Londonderry, an Ulster-Scots peer.
The island is very irregularly shaped. It lies between Fitzroy Bay to the west and Bahía Cook to the east, and between the Pacific Ocean to the south and the Ballenero Channel and O'Brien Channel to the north. Nearby islands include Gilbert Island and Stewart Island to the northwest, O'Brien Island, Chile to the north, and Cook Island (or London Island) and Thompson Island to the east.
Londonderry Island and smaller nearby islands form an archipelago (UFI -889707) known as the Londonderry Islands (Spanish: Islas Londonderry).
# Santolaya (Cabranes)

Santolaya (Spanish: Santa Eulalia) is one of six parishes (administrative divisions) in Cabranes, a municipality within the province and autonomous community of Asturias, in northern Spain.
It is 5.85 km$^2$ (2.26 sq mi) in size with a population of 336 (INE 2011).

## Villages

* Arboleya
* Arriondu
* Bospolín
* Carabañu
* Güerdies
* Madiéu
* Mases
* Santolaya
* Villanueva
Other minor entities include: Argamia, Artín, El Cantu, La Casa'l Monte, La Casa'l Ríu, El Colláu, Felguerúa, El Fondón, Fonfría, Llamuñu, La Llana, La Llantada, La Llavona, La Obra, Oles, L'Ordinayu, El Préstamu, La Quintana, La Rozada, Sendín, La Soma, Les Vegues and La Viña.
# Taisto Tammi

Taisto Lundberg, known by his stage name Taisto Tammi, (December 10, 1945, Kuusankoski - February 5, 1979, Tampere) was a Finnish schlager singer. He was the first Finnish Romani singer to record and became especially known as an interpreter of tangos by Toivo Kärki.
His greatest popularity was in the early 1960s, when his most famous songs were Tango merellä, Tangotyttö and Rakkauden rikkaus. With the latter song, he participated in the Finnish national selection for the Eurovision Song Contest in 1964. Tango merellä recorded in the spring of 1963 was huge success and it became classic. In 1964, Tammi was chosen as Finland's best male singer.

## Discography

* Taisto Tammen tangoja (Finnlevy 1969)
* Taisto Tammi laulaa kotimaisia tangoja (Finnlevy 1975)
* Muistojeni ruusut (Finnlevy 1976)
* Näitä lauloi Olavi Virta (Extra Sound 1978)
* Unohtumattomat (Finnlevy 1979)
* 20 suosikkia – tango merellä (Fazer Records 1996)
* 20 suosikkia – muistojeni ruusut (Warner Music Finland 2001)
* Nostalgia (Warner Music Finland 2006)
* 30 suosikkia – Tähtisarja (Warner Music Finland 2009)
* Tangolaulaja (Valitut Palat 2017)
# Nomaï

Nomaï, S.A. was a computer storage products manufacturer, based in Avranches, France. It was founded in 1992 and acquired by Iomega in 1998. The company was listed on the Paris Bourse with symbol NOMF.PA. In 1994, the company had a revenue of 70 million Francs. Many companies including EMTEC, Maxell, Memorex, Letraset, Fujifilm, BASF, Verbatim, and Lexmark sold products manufactured by Nomaï under OEM and distribution agreements.
The company had three subsidiaries, a research and design facility in Scotland, a factory in Albi, France and a sales office in the United States.

## Lawsuits
### Iomega

* In 1997, Iomega filed suit against Nomaï for patent infringement and related issues concerning Nomaï's XHD 100 (Zip-compatible) floppy. A Paris court issued an injunction against Nomaï for making the product too similar in appearance to Iomega's Zip.
* That injunction ended in September 1997 and Nomaï responded by completing the acquisition of RPS Media (which included a 60,000 sq ft (5,600 m$^2$) floppy disk manufacturing plant in Albi, France). This factory was expected to greatly increase the production of the XHD media.
* There were several other lawsuits filed by Iomega in the second half of 1997 in France, Germany and the U.S.
* The lawsuits were only resolved in July 1998 when Iomega purchased a majority of Nomaï stock as well as the specific technology used to produce XHD and DUO media.
* Iomega closed the Avranches factory in 1999 after getting into financial difficulty.

### SyQuest

* In 1993, SyQuest Technology filed suit against Nomaï for stealing technology and making similar data storage cartridges that work with the SyQuest 44 MB and 88 MB drives.
* In 1997, SyQuest filed another suit against Nomaï for making similar data storage media. This suit was resolved much more rapidly and amicably than the Iomega suit, but SyQuest and Nomaï both had trouble afterwards.
# Alta College, Inc.

Alta Colleges, Inc., headquartered in Denver, was a company that owned three for-profit schools—Westwood College, Westwood College Online, and Redstone College. The college was founded in 1953 as Radio and Television Repair Institute and became the Denver Institute of Technology in 1974. Kirk Riedinger and Jamie Turner acquired the company in 1987 and began expanding into technical programs. The school opened its first campus outside of Denver in Los Angeles, California in 1999.
Westwood College at one time had 17 campuses across California, Colorado, Georgia, Illinois, Texas and Virginia, as well as an online campus. Westwood College offered 27 degree programs, including in business, design, technology, industrial services, justice and health care. More than 20,000 students graduated from Westwood College. "Over 75 percent of adult Americans don't have bachelor's degrees," Alta College co-founder Kirk Riedinger told the Denver Business Journal in June 2002. "We offer career-focused education to prepare students who are launching a career, changing a career or enhancing a career. Our curriculum is constantly updated based on the industry and the feedback we receive."

## Legal issues

On April 20, 2009, the United States Department of Justice announced that Alta Colleges had agreed to pay the U.S. government $7 million to resolve allegations under the False Claims Act that Alta's Texas schools submitted false claims for federal student aid funds. The college admitted no wrongdoing and was not required to change any of its practices.
In January 2012 the Illinois attorney general's office announced it would sue Westwood College for misleading students. The suit was settled in 2015.
# Ingar Sletten Kolloen

Ingar Sletten Kolloen (born 9 July 1951) is a Norwegian journalist, biographer, novelist and playwright. He has written biographies of Tor Jonsson, Knut Hamsun and Joralf Gjerstad. He wrote the play Jeg kunne gråte blod in 2004, and the novel Den fjerde engelen in 2007.
# San Esteban, Ribadesella

San Esteban (Spanish: Leces) is one of nine parishes (administrative divisions) in Ribadesella, a municipality within the province and autonomous community of Asturias, in northern Spain.
It is 85.97 km$^2$ (33.19 sq mi) in size, with a population of 1,164 (INE 2007).

## Villages

* Abéu
* Barréu
* Bones
* Pandu
* San Esteban
* San Pedru
* Tereñes
* Torre
* Vega
43°29′N 5°08′W﻿ / ﻿43.48°N 5.13°W﻿ / 43.48; -5.13
* This article about a location in the Principality of Asturias, Spain, is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
# Tangbao

Tangbao or soup buns are large, soup-filled steamed buns (baozi) in Chinese cuisine. They are also sometimes known as guantang bao or soup-filled buns. Various varieties are found, with some name variations in various parts of the country. All of these buns are made by wrapping a gelatinous filling in dough, which is then steamed to melt the filling into soup. Tangbao first appeared in the capital city of the Song dynasty, Bianjing, now Kaifeng, Henan. It spread to the Yangtze River delta following the Jingkang Incident.

## Types

Some examples of tangbao include:
* Tangbao from Kaifeng, in Henan province: The traditional tang bao in Kaifeng is a large bun, similar to other baozi, which is bitten open to release the soup filling, which is then drunk with a spoon. However, the traditional form has all but disappeared, with most eateries choosing to serve a Jiangsu-style tangbao where the soup is drunk with a straw.
* Tangbao from Yangzhou, Jingjiang and elsewhere in Jiangsu province: This variety is found throughout the Jiangnan region. Often served in its own individual steaming basket, the large steamed bun contains a soup filling made with pork gelatin and sometimes crab roe. The soup is drunk with a straw, and the rest of the bun is eaten afterwards. It is often served with ginger slices and vinegar.
* Xiaolongbao from Shanghai and elsewhere in Jiangsu province: A small variety of tangbao usually made with unleavened dough; each bun is picked up and bitten open to access the pork and soup filling.
* Xiaolong tangbao from Wuhan: Similar to a xiaolongbao in shape, but made with leavened dough.
# ProWaris

Pertubuhan Profesional Melayu & Pewaris Bangsa (English: Malay Professionals and Race Inheritors Organisation; better known by its abbreviation: ProWaris) is a non-governmental organization (NGO) that started in 2001 as a movement of Malay professionals aiming to fight for the Malay's agendas.

## History and leadership

The idle and delayed movement of ProWaris can be attributed to Malaysia's struggling economy and conflicting interests between the government and its people. Its leadership attempted to raise a third voice—in order to influence the United Malays National Organisation (UMNO) party—a voice similar to the leadership of Shahrir Abdul Samad; who was more inline with the ex-prime minister Mahathir Mohamad. ProWaris demanded that Prime Minister Abdullah Ahmad Badawi resign based on his weak leadership.
Its president, Feriz Omar, was said to have accused the Malays of lacking the courage to confront the country's leadership issues. Feriz Omar denied making such statements.
ProWaris became inactive and dormant notably after Shahrir lost his bid for a place in the Supreme Council in the party leadership election in 2009 UMNO General Assembly and consequently resigned from the Cabinet.
# Tazehabad-e Karsavan

Tazehabad-e Karsavan (Persian: تازه ابادكرسوان, also Romanized as Tāzehābād-e Karsavān; also known as Tāzehābād) is a village in Bavaleh Rural District, in the Central District of Sonqor County, Kermanshah Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 268, in 59 families.
# Margaret Cribb

Margaret Neville Catt Bridson Cribb AM (4 August 1924 – 12 August 1993) was a lecturer in government and political science at the University of Queensland.

## Early life

Margaret Neville Catt was born in 1924. She was the only child of Mr and Mrs E. Neville Catt of Rockhampton. She attended Brisbane Girls Grammar School from 1938 to 1941. Margaret enrolled at the University of Queensland in 1944, residing at the Women's College. She became active in the Student Union, was the first female editor of the Union magazine, Semper Floreat in 1946, and Vice President of the Student Union. She was also President of the Women's Students Club.
Cribb married Ivor Cribb, who had been President of the Student Union in 1947. The Cribbs moved to Southport in 1948 where Ivor taught at the Southport School.

## Career

Margaret Cribb returned to the University of Queensland to undertake her Honours degree in 1966, working as a tutor in the Government Department of the University of Queensland in 1965. She eventually rose to Reader. She took her M.A. in 1972. She held the honorary title of associate professor when she retired in 1987.
Cribb became an Honorary Fellow of the University of Queensland Women's College in 1992, after serving on the Council from 1973 to 1985, and was President on two occasions. She published two books about the labour union movement in Queensland including the Politics of Queensland: 1977 and Beyond (1980) with P. J. Boyce, and Premiers of Queensland (1990) with Denis Murphy and Roger Joyce.
Cribb was recognised for her services to education and women's affairs in 1992, becoming a Member of the Order of Australia.
Cribb died of meningitis in Brisbane in 1993. She was survived by her husband Ivor and their two children.

## Legacy

The Margaret Cribb Child Care Centre at the University of Queensland is named for her. In 1995 the Margaret Cribb Memorial Prize was established at the same university.