OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Gilindire Cave

Gilindire Cave (Turkish: Gilindire Mağarası), also known as Aynalıgöl Cave, is a cave in Aydıncık, Mersin, southern Turkey. It was discovered by a shepherd in 1999. Gilindire was the former name of the town Aydıncık until 1965.

## Location and access

Gilindire Cave is located approximately 7.5 km (4.7 mi) southeast of Sancak Point and Kurtini Creek in the Aydıncık district, part of the Mersin Province. Its entrance faces the Mediterranean Sea, and a small village lies in front of the cave. The cave is accessible by sea via a 1+1⁄2-hour boat trip from Aydıncık, or by land via a 15–minute walk from the Antalya-Mersin highway. A steel stairway leads down to the cave's entrance from above.

## Description

Gilindire Cave stretches over an area of 107 ha (1,070,000 m$^2$). Its entrance is on a cliff 46 m (151 ft) above sea level. The cave has a total length of 555 m (1,821 ft) and a clearance of 22 m (72 ft). It is a horizontally-developed, polygenic-fossilized cave.
The cave features a wealth of stalagmites, stalactites, as well as "pillar, wall and drapery dripstones, leakage stones and cave needles" which divide the interior into many chambers. At the rear of the cave lies a 140 m (460 ft) long, 18–30 m (59–98 ft) wide, and 5–47 m (16–154 ft) deep lake surrounded by dripstones and pillars. The cave is called Aynalıgöl (literally: Mirror Lake) in common parlance, in reference to the presence of the lake.
Some parts of the cave's main gallery are inhabited by bats. Outside the cave, the nearby bays are the habitat of the Mediterranean monk seal.

## Exploration

Gilindire Cave was discovered by a shepherd in 1999. When the state-owned Mineral Research and Exploration Co. (MTA) undertook exploration works in the cave, they discovered the lake at the end of the cave, 450 m (1,480 ft) from the entrance. In 2002, two Turkish photographers came to the cave by sea, and took photos for the magazine Atlas both in the cave and underwater in the lake. Archaeologists found potsherds in the cave belonging to the New Stone Age, Copper Age, and Early Bronze Age periods.
According to a survey by experts, the cave was formed in the beginning of the transition phase after the last glacial climate change of the Quaternary Period, when the Mediterranean Sea rose 70 m (230 ft), flooding the bottom of the cave. The change in the hydrological regime helped preserve the cave formations such as stalagmites and stalactites. Due to being under water, they have remained unaffected by atmospheric changes to the present day. The lake's water is brackish to a depth of 12 m (39 ft), while deeper water is saline.
In 2013, Gilindire Cave was designated a nature reserve by the Ministry of Forest and Water Management. It was opened to the public, and has become a tourist attraction.
# Mayor Galo de la Torre Airport

Mayor Galo de la Torre Airport (Spanish: Aeropuerto Mayor Galo de la Torre) (IATA: TNW, ICAO: SETE) was an airport serving Tena, Napo Province, Ecuador. It closed in 2001 and was replaced by Jumandy Airport, 25 km (16 mi) to the east, in 2011.

## History

Mayor Galo de la Torre Airport was constructed along with airstrips at Pano and Shandia to improve connectivity between Napo Province and the rest of the country. Unlike the latter two which began to decline from the 1950s onward, the airport in Tena was highly used for passenger and cargo transport to and from Quito. The airport was also used by the Ecuadorian Army for logistic works.
During the 1960s and 70s, Transportes Aéreos Orientales (TAO) operated flights between Tena and Quito. SAEREO also flew this route at one point.
The airport was closed in 2001, replaced by Jumandy Airport in Ahuano in 2011.

## Infrastructure

At the time of its closure, Mayor Galo de la Torre Airport had an asphalt runway measuring 1,200 by 15 metres (3,937 ft × 49 ft).
# Hakobavank

Hakobavank (Armenian: Հակոբավանք, lit. 'monastery of Hakob'), also known as Metsaranits Monastery (Armenian: Մեծառանից վանք), is an Armenian monastery situated near the village of Kolatak, in the region of Nagorno-Karabakh, Azerbaijan.

## History

Hakobavank was established in the 5th-7th centuries. It acquired its final form by the 11th-12th centuries. In the 14th century the monastery became the deaconry of the district of Mets Arank (genitive: Metsaranits). The complex is named after Jacob of Nisibis.
There is no information about the date of foundation of the monastery. The oldest inscription, carved on the pedestal of a khachkar (cross-stone), refers to the year of 853. According to the historical chronicles, the monastery buildings were built, rebuilt and reconstructed periodically between the 9th and 18th centuries. One of the manuscripts kept in Matenadaran says that the Metsaranits Church was rebuilt by Khorinshah Zakarian.
A renovation project of the monastery complex commenced in 2022.
# Agios Charalambos, Thessaloniki

Agios Charalambos (Greek: Άγιος Χαράλαμπος) is a village of the Lagkadas municipality. Before the 2011 local government reform it was part of the municipality of Kallindoia. The 2021 census recorded 57 inhabitants in the village. Agios Charalambos is a part of the community of Sarakina.
# Fischbeck Abbey

Fischbeck Abbey (German: Stift Fischbeck) is a convent for canonesses in Fischbeck near Hessisch Oldendorf, Lower Saxony, Germany.
It was founded in 955 by the noblewoman Helmburgis, a relation of the powerful family of the Ecbertiner, on land that had been given to her for the purpose by King Otto I, and is still a house of canonesses today, although now Lutheran women's convent rather than a Roman Catholic monastery.
Despite later repairs and refurbishments, the cloisters and the church, built mostly in the 12th and 13th centuries, are still basically Romanesque.
In the abbey church is a tapestry made in 1583, which portrays the foundation of the abbey in six panels. In the 1950s the author Manfred Hausmann was inspired by the tapestry to write the dramatic piece "Der Fischbecker Wandteppich" (The Tapestry of Fischbeck), which has been performed in the abbey church at Fischbeck several times.

## Sources

* Stift Fischbeck official website (in German)
* David Zersen. "Lutheran Convents in Germany." Lutheran Forum. Vol. 48. No. 1, Spring 2014.
52°08′31″N 9°17′50″E﻿ / ﻿52.14194°N 9.29722°E﻿ / 52.14194; 9.29722
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# The War of Independence

The War of Independence is a nonfiction history book by American historian Claude H. Van Tyne, published in 1929. It explains the history and causes of the American Revolutionary War. Van Tyne won the Pulitzer Prize for History for this book in 1930.
It is the second in a short series. The first volume was published in 1922, The Causes Of The War Of Independence.
# Oleh Ptachyk

Oleh Ivanovych Ptachyk (born 14 November 1981) is a retired Ukrainian football defender who last played for Naftovyk in the Ukrainian Premier League.
# Temuco Maquehue Airport

Maquehue Airport (Spanish: Aeropuerto Maquehue) (IATA: PZS, ICAO: SCTC) is an airport 5 kilometres (3.1 mi) southwest of Temuco, a city in the La Araucanía Region of Chile.
Runway 06 has a 150 metres (490 ft) displaced threshold. The Temuco non-directional beacon (Ident: TCO) is 1.0 nautical mile (1.9 km) east of the airport.
This airport is now closed to the public and commercial flights have been relocated to La Araucanía International Airport.
# Tyrolean Zugspitze Cable Car

The Tyrolean Zugspitze Cable Car (German: Zugspitzebahn) was the first wire ropeway to open the summit of the Zugspitze, Germany's highest mountain on the border of Austria. Designed and built by Adolf Bleichert & Co. of Leipzig, Germany, the system was a record-holder for the highest altitude.

## History

Dr. Hermann Stern, deputy mayor of Reutte, saw a cable car up to the Zugspitze as an opportunity to promote the economy and tourism in the Reutte District. This cable car turned out to be his main economic project and was completed in 1926.
After completion in January 1926, it was on July 5, 1926 that it was opened for public use - making it the first cable car leading to the Zugspitze.
The Zugspitzbahn connected the Austrian town of Ehrwald (1225 metres above sea level) with the top station at 2,950 metres above sea level next to the summit of Zugspitze.
Peter von Bleichert wrote a book on "Bleichert's Wire Ropeways" that contains information on the design, construction, and operation of the original Zugspitzebahn.
The modern Tyrolean Zugspitze Cable Car has a top station opposite the one of the German Eibsee Cable Car system. It has a length of 3600 metres and an elevation gain of 1725 metres. The Tyrolean Zugspitze Cable Car runs over three aerial lift pylons. The double track ropes have a diameter of 62 mm each, and the hauling rope has a diameter of 38 mm. It runs on 2 x 500 kilowatts of power, generated in the valley station. The journey normally takes less than 10 minutes at a speed of 36 km/h. The tramway's two cabins can accommodate 100 persons each and have a transport capacity of 730 persons per hour each way.
There is a cable lift from Ehrwald to the base of Zugspitze in Austria where the resort Ehrwald Alm houses skiers, and a ski run down to Ehrwald starts. The resort has a dramatic view of the face of Zugspitze.
In 2016 the Tyrolean Zugspitze Wire Ropeway is celebrating its 90th anniversary, after it was inaugurated on 5 July 1926 as the first so called Austrian Zugspitze Wire Ropeway, which was built by the German company Adolf Bleichert & Co. from Leipzig. Many special events accompany this jubilee year, including a special exhibition in the mountain museum at the summit station, where the history of this magnificent and technologically outstanding passenger ropeway, as well as its changes and modernization in recent decades are represented.

## Literature

* Wunder der Technik – Tiroler Zugspitzbahn. Die Geschichte der ersten Seilbahn Tirols. Herausgegeben von der Zillertaler Gletscherbahn GmbH&Co KG, Innsbruck 2006
* Peter von Bleichert: Bleichert's Wire Ropeways. Chapter: Zugspitze, Austria/Germany. Kindle Digital Press, 2013
# Mamie Lake (Wisconsin)

Mamie Lake is an inland lake located in Land o' Lakes, Vilas County, Wisconsin. It is one of the main lakes on the ten lake Cisco Chain of Lakes.
The lake is in both Wisconsin and the Upper Peninsula of Michigan. It is 10 ft (3.0 m) deep and covers 376 acres (152 ha).

## Background

In 1919, a writer named Dr. Bessy surveyed the lake from his base at Bent's Camp Resort. In his examination of the flora, he determined that Mamie and the other lakes and landforms in the area were formed by a glacier which created a dump moraine. Trees around the lake are mainly hemlock and yellow birch. The lake is the southernmost of the ten lakes on the Cisco Chain.

## Description

Mamie Lake is one of the main lakes on the ten lake Cisco Chain of Lakes in northern Wisconsin. The lake is in Vilas County, Wisconsin. It is on the border between Wisconsin and the Upper Peninsula of Michigan. The lake has a depth of 10 ft (3.0 m), and it is 376 acres (152 ha).

## Bent's Camp

Bent's Camp Resort was the first resort established on Mamie Lake. In 1893 it was developed from what was an obsolete logging camp into a tourist recreation location. Campgrounds were added three years later, and a restaurant was added in 1906.
The camp is named for its first owner, Charles Bent, who continued to operate it into the 1940s.
An annual music festival called Northwoodstock is held at the location. The resort was featured in a 2023 episode of America's Best Restaurants Roadshow.
# Robert Vickers

Robert Vickers (born 25 November 1958) is an Australian musician, who is known as the bass guitarist of The Go-Betweens.
Vickers visited London, England in 1977, and returned to Brisbane to join his first band, Neon Steel. The group quickly changed their name to The Numbers and ultimately became best known as The Riptides. In 1979, he left Brisbane to live in New York City where he joined The Colors. The Colors were managed by Hilly Kristal, owner of rock club CBGB, and produced by Blondie drummer Clem Burke. During this time he briefly returned to Brisbane to act in a film titled Heather’s Gloves, directed by Robin Gold and written by Grant McLennan of The Go-Betweens.
In January 1983, Vickers left New York and The Colors to join The Go-Betweens in London where they were signed to Rough Trade Records. He recorded three albums with the band on Sire Records and Beggars Banquet Records before returning to New York in 1988. In the 1990s he toured Japan with Yo La Tengo, and the US and Europe with Lloyd Cole. He performed with Amy Rigby and toured and recorded with The Mad Scene, which included drummer Hamish Kilgour from The Clean. He also recorded with Malcolm Ross and Alice Texas. During a Go-Betweens US tour in 1999 he joined Robert Forster and Grant McLennan on stage at Fez in New York City, to play some of the songs they had recorded together in that band.
In 1998, Vickers became the publicist for New York indie label Jetset Records. He left to start his own PR company, Proxy Media, in 2005.
On 4 July 2010, Vickers joined the other surviving members of The Go-Betweens at the official opening of the Go Between Bridge in Brisbane.
In October 2019 his hometown of Oxley, a suburb of Brisbane, opened Robert Vickers Place Playground in his honour. Vickers attended Corinda State High School from 1971 to 1975, in the suburb adjacent to Oxley and he also attended the local Oxley State School.

## Selected discography

* The Numbers – Sunset Strip Able Label (1978)
* The Colors – Rave It Up EP Infinite Records (1980)
* The Colors – The Colors Dirt Records (1982)
* The Go-Betweens – Spring Hill Fair Sire Records (1984)
* The Go-Betweens – Liberty Belle And The Black Diamond Express Beggars Banquet (1986)
* The Go-Betweens – Tallulah Beggars Banquet (1987)
* Malcolm Ross – Malcolm Ross Bus Stop (1995)
* The Mad Scene – Sealight Merge Records (1995)
* The Mad Scene – Chinese Honey Merge Records (1997)
* Alice Texas – Gold Cockaigne (2000)
# Mark 28 torpedo

The Mark 28 torpedo was a submarine-launched, acoustic homing torpedo designed by Westinghouse Electric in 1944 for the United States Navy. The torpedo used all-electric controls. Service use of the Mark 28 ended after the introduction of the Mark 37 torpedo.
# Oleksandr Romanchuk (footballer, born 1984)

Oleksandr Volodymyrovych Romanchuk (Ukrainian: Олександр Володимирович Романчук) is a Ukrainian former football player.

## International career

Romanchuk has been capped 3 times so far. He debuted in a friendly match against Israel on 7 February 2007.

## Honours
### Dynamo Kyiv

* Ukrainian Premier League: 2008–09

### Metalist Kharkiv

* Ukrainian Premier League: Runner-Up 2012–13

### Ukraine under-21s

* UEFA Under-21 Championship: runner-up 2006
# Jafarabad-e Baqeraf

Jafarabad-e Baqeraf (Persian: جعفرابادباقراف, also Romanized as Ja‘farābād-e Bāqerāf; also known as Ja‘farābād-e Bāqerāt) is a village in Aftab Rural District, Aftab District, Tehran County, Tehran Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 518, in 109 families.
# Argutinsky-Dolgorukov

The House of Arghutyan-Yerkaynabazuks, Mkhargrdzeli-Arghutashvilis (Armenian: Արղության-Երկայնաբազուկ, Georgian: მხარგრძელი-არღუთაშვილი), later known as Argutinsky-Dolgorukov (Russian: Аргутинский-Долгоруков) were a Georgian and Russian noble family of Armenian descent whose double surname indicates their descent from Arghut and the family's purported origin from the medieval house of Mkhargrdzeli (Zakaryan-Zachariads). "Dolgorukov" is a direct Russian translation of "Mkhargrdzeli" or "Yerkaynabazuk", literally respectively meaning in Georgian and Armenian "a long-arm".

## History

The founder of the family, Arghut, established himself in Lori, northern Armenia, then under Georgian control, at the end of the 15th century. His descendants were received among the lower-class nobility (aznauri) of Georgia, and enfeoffed of Sanahin, where the family's dynastic abbey was located. Under King Heraclius II of Georgia, the Arghutashvili family was officially recognized as descended from the Mkhargrdzeli and elevated to a princely rank (Georgian: tavadi, Russian: knyaz), a title which was confirmed by the Imperial Russian government on March 6, 1819; December 15, 1838; and November 14, 1857.
In contrast to the commonly accepted view, the Russian historian Pyotr Dolgorukov advanced a hypothesis of the family's Rurikid origin and attempted to trace the common ancestry of Argutinsky-Dolgorukov and the Rurikid house of Dolgorukov to the 12th-century prince Yuri Dolgoruki.
# Abdesslem Bouchouareb

Abdesslem Bouchouareb (Arabic: عبد السلام بوشوارب; born 10 December 1997) is an Algerian professional footballer who plays for ES Sétif.

## Career

In 2022, Bouchouareb signed a two-year contract with USM Alger. On 4 February 2024, he joined ES Sétif.

## Honours

USM Alger
* CAF Confederation Cup: 2022–23
# HMS Fame (1709)

HMS Fame was a 24-gun French privateer, La Renommee taken in the Mediterranean in July 1709. She was surveyed at Port Mahone 6 July 1709 and fitted out as per Admiral Byng's order. She was commissioned into the Royal Navy in July 1709 for service in the Mediterranean. She was retaken by three French ships off Port Mahone 21 September 1710.
Fame was the third named ship since it was used for a 24-gun sixth rate launched by Ellis of Shoreham on 29 November 1695, renamed Newport on 3 September 1698, and sold in 1714.

## Specifications

She was captured in July 1709 and surveyed on 6 July 1709. Her gundeck was 106 feet 0 inches (32.3 metres) with her keel for tonnage calculation of 88 feet 0 inches (26.8 metres). Her breadth for tonnage was 26 feet 0 inches (7.9 metres) with the depth of hold of 11 ft 0 in (3.4 m). Her tonnage calculation was 316+24⁄94 tons. Her armament was twenty-four, reduced to twenty-two guns.

## Commissioned service

She was commissioned on 15 July 1709 under the command of Commander Strensham, RN for service in the Mediterranean.

## Disposition

She was retaken by the 56-gun La Toulouse, the 40-gun La Vestal and the 30-gun La Meduse off Port Mahone on 21 September 1710 on 27 May 1709. She resumed her French name La Gaillarde.

## Citations

* ↑ Winfield
* ↑ Colledge
* ↑ Winfield
* ↑ Winfield
* ↑ Winfield
# Koshti Girchak

Koshti Girchak (Persian: كشتي گيرچاك, also Romanized as Koshtī Gīrchāk; also known as Koshtī Gīchāk and Koshtīgīr Chāk) is a village in Deylaman Rural District, Deylaman District, Siahkal County, Gilan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 178, in 47 families.
# Incapacitants

Incapacitants (インキャパシタンツ, Inkyapashitantsu) are a Japanese noise music group formed in 1981. Initially a solo project of Toshiji Mikawa, Fumio Kosakai joined upon the project's relocation to Tokyo. The duo's stated aim is to produce "pure" noise, uninfluenced by musical ideas or even human intention, using primarily feedback, vocals, and various electronics. Kosakai calls this sound "hard noise", as a nod to the jazz subgenre hard bop.

## History

In 1981, Toshiji Mikawa formed Incapacitants in Osaka as a solo project from his other creative endeavours with improv noise group Hijokaidan. As a solo project, Mikawa collaborated with Japanese vocalist and visual artist Yamantaka Eye, among others. After relocating to Tokyo, Kosakai, of Japanese noise band C.C.C.C., joined Incapacitants to form the current duo. Kosakai would later join Mikawa and become a regular member of Hijokaidan.
Incapacitants, alongside Hijokaidan, Merzbow, C.C.C.C., Solmania, Hanatarash, the Gerogerigegege, and Masonna, are counted among the more well-known Japanese noise bands formed in the 1980s.
In November 1999, Incapacitants performed their first international concert at Music Unlimited Festival '99 in Wels, Austria.
Many of the group's track titles reference their professions, but because of Mikawa and Kosakai's day jobs as bank employee and government office worker, respectively, the duo have not been able to tour abroad often.
The group also recorded sessions with Vivian Slaughter of Gallhammer.

## Discography

* Eternal Paralysis (1981)
* Peony Crackers (1983)
* Project Pallo '85 (1985)
* Repo (1989)
* Feedback of N.M.S. (1990)
* Fabrication (1991)
* Quietus (1993)
* Extreme Gospel Nights (1993)
* Stupid Is Stupid (1993)
* No Progress (1994)
* Ad Nauseam (1994)
* As Loud As Possible (1995)
* D.D.D.D. (Destroy Devastating and Disgusting Derivatives) (1995)
* El Shanbara Therminosis (1995)
* Operorue (1995)
* Ministry of Foolishness (1995)
* The Tongue (1996)
* Asset Without Liability (1996)
* Cosmic Incapacitants (1996)
* New Movements in CMPD (1996)
* I, Residuum (1997)
* Default Standard (1999)
* Unauthorized Fatal Operation 990130 (1999)
* Live Incapacitants (2000)
* Sec End (2004)
* 73 (2007)
* The Crowd Inched Closer & Closer (2007)
* Burning Orange (2008)
* Lon Guy (2009)
* Tight (2009)
* Mon, Ma? Mon!!! (2012)
* Zashikiwarashi Effect (2012)
* Eat! Meat!! Manifesto!!! (2012)
* Survival of the Laziest (2017)
* Breath of Insect (2017)
* Zouvneree (2018)
* As Anti as Possible (2019)
* Ostracized Enigmatic Conqueror (2019)
* Onomatopée Suicida (2020)
* Incapacitants (2020)
* Oxen Man's Uneasiness (2023)
# Grubbenvorst

Grubbenvorst (Limburgish: Grevors) is a village in the Dutch province of Limburg. It is located in the municipality of Horst aan de Maas, about 6 km northwest of Venlo.

## History

The village was first mentioned in 1207 as Vurste, and means "not fenced-off forest near Grubben Castle". Grubben has been added to distinguish from Broekhuizenvorst. Grubbenvorst developed on the Maas in the Early Middle Ages. It used to be part of the Land van Kessel [nl]. In 1323, it became part of the Duchy of Guelders. In 1648, it became part of the Spanish Netherlands. In 1713, it belonged to Prussia, and finally in 1815, it became part of the Kingdom of the Netherlands.
The village's Catholic Assumption of Mary Church is a three-aisled church with a wide tower which was constructed in 1951 and 1952, because the medieval church had been blown up in 1944. Grubbenvorst Castle is located on a hill near Grubbenvorst. It was built in 1311, and in the 15th century walls were added. The castle was destroyed in 1585. In 1623, a manor house was built near the ruins. The remains were blown up in 1944 and only two ruinous tower fragments remain.
Grubbenvorst was home to 219 people in 1840. It was a separate municipality until 2001, before being merged with Horst aan de Maas.

## Gallery

* Ruin Het Gebroken Slot (The Broken Castle)
* Sculpture near de Kloosterstraat
* Milking nun statue
* Houses in Grubbenvorst