OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Robert Hill (died 1426)

Sir Robert I Hill (died before 1426), sometimes written Hull, was an English politician and judge from the West Country.

## Origins

Born before 1350, the son of Robert Hill, a lawyer, he made his home at Shilstone in the parish of Modbury in Devon. He is often confused with another Robert Hill (died 1423), who lived at Spaxton in Somerset and was the son of Sir John Hill (died1408), a Justice of the King's Bench.

## Career

He initially entered politics, sitting as MP in the Parliament of England for various Devon constituencies. In 1372 he represented both Dartmouth and Tavistock; then Plympton in 1373, in both Parliaments of 1377, and in 1380; and finally in 1379 Exeter.
Thereafter he followed his father in a legal career, becoming one of the counsel retained by Edward Courtenay, Earl of Devon, in 1384, a member of the Inner Temple, and in 1388 a serjeant-at-law. By 1399 he was a King's Serjeant, and was called on for a so-called loan of 100 pounds to aid in the King's wars against the Welsh and the Scots. In 1408 he was created a Justice of the Common Pleas, remaining in post for the rest of his life. Though he acted as chief justice following the death of Edward Norton, he was never formally appointed.
In 1415 he was one of the judges in the Southampton Plot treason trial, in which Richard of Conisburgh, 3rd Earl of Cambridge, Henry Scrope, 3rd Baron Scrope of Masham, and Sir Thomas Grey were condemned and beheaded. In 1417 he was appointed to hold sessions in Wales and in 1422 was chief justice of the Isle of Ely.
His salary was last paid at Easter 1423 and he died shortly after, maybe in 1425.

## Family

He married Isabella Wadham, sometimes called Elizabeth, daughter of Sir John Wadham, of Edge, Justice of the Common Pleas from 1388 to 1397, and his wife Elizabeth, daughter and coheir of William Shilston, of Shilstone.
Their children included his heir Robert II Hill, born about 1392, who was High Sheriff of Devon in 1428.
By 1419 Isabel had died and he had become the fourth husband of Joan, daughter and only legitimate heir of Sir Otto II Bodrugan, High Sheriff of Cornwall in 1381, who survived him and died in April 1428. She was the granddaughter of Sir Otto I Bodrugan, the half-sister of William I Bodrugan and the mother of William II Bodrugan.
# Tamda

Tamda (Berber languages: ⵜⴰⵎⴷⴰ) is a small town and rural commune in Sidi Bennour Province of the Casablanca-Settat region of Morocco. At the time of the 2004 census, the commune had a total population of 9701 people living in 1768 households.
# PIIX

PCI IDE ISA Xcelerator (PIIX), also known as Intel 82371, is a family of Intel southbridge microchips employed in some Intel chipsets. x86 virtualization implementations often support emulations of various PIIX-based chipsets.

## Versions
### PIIX

The PIIX integrated an IDE controller with two 8237 DMA controllers, the 8254 PIT, and two 8259 PICs and a PCI to ISA bus bridge. It was introduced with the 430FX Triton chipset in 1995. The mobile version was introduced with the 430MX mobile Triton chipset.
The following variations existed:
* 82371FB (PIIX)
* 82371MX (MPIIX) Mobile

### PIIX3

The PIIX3 introduced a USB 1.0 controller and support for an external I/O APIC. It was used with the 430HX and 430VX Triton II and 440FX northbridges.
The following variations existed:
* 82371SB (PIIX3)

#### Gallery

* Intel SB82371SB (PIIX3)

### PIIX4

The PIIX4 introduced ACPI support, an improved IDE controller with Ultra DMA/33 support, and an integrated MC146818 style RTC and CMOS controller. It was used with the 430TX and the 440LX Balboa northbridges. The PIIX4E updated the ACPI support. It was mainly used in 440BX and 440GX chipsets but 440EX, 440ZX, and 450NX chipsets also employed it. The mobile version was used in 440BX and 440ZX-M chipsets.
The following variations existed:
* 82371AB (PIIX4) Base
* 82371EB (PIIX4E) Enhanced
* 82371MB (PIIX4M) Mobile

### PIIX5

This seems to be a reference to the Itanium 460GX I/O and Firmware Bridge (IFB) chipset component which has been referred to as 82372FB (PIIX5), 82468FB, and finally FW82468GX (IFB).
# Methoserpidine

Methoserpidine is an antihypertensive drug related to reserpine.
# 1992 Virginia Slims Championships – Doubles

Arantxa Sánchez Vicario and Helena Suková defeated Jana Novotná and Larisa Savchenko-Neiland in the final, 7–6$^{(7–4)}$, 6–1 to win the doubles tennis title at the 1992 Virginia Slims Championships.
Martina Navratilova and Pam Shriver were the defending champions, but were defeated in the semifinals by Sánchez Vicario and Suková.

## Seeds

* Arantxa Sánchez Vicario / Helena Suková (champions)
* Jana Novotná / Larisa Savchenko-Neiland (final)
* Gigi Fernández / Natasha Zvereva (semifinals)
* Martina Navratilova / Pam Shriver (semifinals)

## Draw
### Key

* Q = Qualifier
* WC = Wild card
* LL = Lucky loser
* Alt = Alternate
* SE = Special exempt
* PR = Protected ranking
* ITF = ITF entry
* JE = Junior exempt
* w/o = Walkover
* r = Retired
* d = Defaulted
* SR = Special ranking

### Draw

| First round | First round | First round | First round | First round | Semifinals | Semifinals | Semifinals | Semifinals | Semifinals | Final | Final | Final | Final |
| 1 | Arantxa Sánchez Vicario Helena Suková | 7$^7$ | 6 | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Patty Fendick Andrea Strnadová | 6$^4$ | 4 | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Patty Fendick Andrea Strnadová | 6$^4$ | 4 | | 1 | Arantxa Sánchez Vicario Helena Suková | 6 | 7 | | | | | |
| | | | | | 4 | Martina Navratilova Pam Shriver | 4 | 5 | | | | | |
| 4 | Martina Navratilova Pam Shriver | 6 | 6 | | 4 | Martina Navratilova Pam Shriver | 4 | 5 | | | | | |
| | Mary Joe Fernández Zina Garrison | 1 | 4 | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Mary Joe Fernández Zina Garrison | 1 | 4 | | | | | | | 1 | Arantxa Sánchez Vicario Helena Suková | 7$^7$ | 6 |
| | | | | | | | | | | 2 | Jana Novotná Larisa Savchenko-Neiland | 6$^4$ | 1 |
| | Lori McNeil Rennae Stubbs | 4 | 6 | 4 | | | | | | | | | | 2 | Jana Novotná Larisa Savchenko-Neiland | 6$^4$ | 1 |
| 3 | Gigi Fernández Natasha Zvereva | 6 | 4 | 6 | | | | | | | | | |
| 3 | Gigi Fernández Natasha Zvereva | 6 | 4 | 6 | 3 | Gigi Fernández Natasha Zvereva | 7$^7$ | 2 | 5 | | | | |
| | | | | | 2 | Jana Novotná Larisa Savchenko-Neiland | 6$^5$ | 6 | 7 | | | | |
| | Jill Hetherington Kathy Rinaldi | 4 | 6$^3$ | | 2 | Jana Novotná Larisa Savchenko-Neiland | 6$^5$ | 6 | 7 | | | | |
| 2 | Jana Novotná Larisa Savchenko-Neiland | 6 | 7$^7$ | | | | | | | | | | |
# Organotroph

An organotroph is an organism that obtains hydrogen or electrons from organic substrates. This term is used in microbiology to classify and describe organisms based on how they obtain electrons for their respiration processes. Some organotrophs such as animals and many bacteria, are also heterotrophs. Organotrophs can be either anaerobic or aerobic.
Antonym: Lithotroph, Adjective: Organotrophic.

## History

The term was suggested in 1946 by Lwoff and collaborators.
# Freddy Johnson

Freddy Johnson (March 12, 1904 – March 24, 1961) was an American jazz pianist and singer who gained popularity in the 1930s playing mostly swing style.

## Biography

Johnson began playing professionally as Florence Mills' accompanist, and formed his own band in 1924. In 1925 he worked with Elmer Snowden, and in 1926 he worked with Billy Fowler. He briefly worked with Henri Saparo and Noble Sissle, and then he joined Sam Woodings band and traveled to Europe in June 1928.
Wooding and Johnson parted ways in 1929, and Johnson returned to Paris to do solo work. While he was in Paris, he with Arthur Briggs and put together a band. Between late 1933 and 1934 Johnson worked with Freddy Taylor's band, and then in February 1934 Johnson left Paris to work in Belgium and The Netherlands. In the mid 1930s he made some recordings with the Quintette du Hot Club de France.
While living in Amsterdam, he co-lead a band with Lex Van Spall, and they played regularly at the Negro Palace in a trio with Coleman Hawkins. He later worked at the Negro Palace, and then with Max Woiski in a club called La Cubana, in Amsterdam. He worked at this club until 11 December 1941, when he was arrested by the Nazis. He was interned in Bavaria from January 1942 until February 1944, when he was repatriated to the US.
After returning to the US, he worked with George James, then in 1944 joined Garvin Bushell's band in New York. In the later 40s and early 50s he worked mostly as a piano and voice coach, and also did some solo residencies at Well's New York. He returned to Europe in 1959 with the "Free and Easy" show, and then played for another three weeks in the Netherlands.
Soon after he became very ill with cancer, and after staying at a hospital in Copenhagen in autumn 1960, he returned to New York and stayed in St. Barnabas Hospital until his death.
# Ernest Tché-Noubossie

Ernest Tché-Noubossie (born 26 August 1956) is a Cameroonian sprinter. He competed in the men's 400 metres at the 1988 Summer Olympics.
# Star of the Grand Cross of the Iron Cross

The Star of the Grand Cross of the Iron Cross (German: Stern zum Großkreuz des Eisernen Kreuzes) was the highest military decoration of the Kingdom of Prussia and the German Empire. It was considered a senior decoration to the Grand Cross of the Iron Cross.
The Star of the Grand Cross of the Iron Cross was awarded to the most outstanding of generals who performed feats of leadership to the extreme benefit of the Prussian and later German state. It was awarded only twice, a century apart, to Generalfeldmarschall Gebhard von Blücher in 1815 for his part in the victory over Napoleon at the Battle of Waterloo in the Napoleonic Wars, and to Generalfeldmarschall Paul von Hindenburg on 25 March 1918 for his conduct of the 1918 German spring offensive in World War I. Hindenburg had received the Grand Cross of the Iron Cross on 9 December 1916.
The award is commonly known as "Blücher's Star" (Blücherstern) after its first recipient.
A World War II version of the Star was devised, but never formally instituted or awarded. Following the Allied victory in May 1945, the United States Army seized the only known prototype, which had been stored in a bunker. It is now a part of the collection of the Museum of the United States Military Academy (USMA) in West Point, New York.
* 1813 Star of the Grand Cross of the Iron Cross
* 1914 Star of the Grand Cross of the Iron Cross
* 1939 Star of the Grand Cross of the Iron Cross Prototype
# Barsh

Barsh (Russian: Барш; Bashkir: Барыш, Barış) is a rural locality (a village) in Bizhbulyaksky Selsoviet, Bizhbulyaksky District, Bashkortostan, Russia. The population was 119 as of 2010. There are 2 streets.

## Geography

Barsh is located 4 km east of Bizhbulyak (the district's administrative centre) by road. Alexeyevka is the nearest rural locality.
# Amaranthus blitum

Amaranthus blitum, commonly called purple amaranth or Guernsey pigweed, is an annual plant species in the economically important plant family Amaranthaceae.

## Description

Amaranthus blitum is an erect or semi-prostrate annual plant. The single or branched stem can grow to one metre (three point three feet) tall. The green or purplish leaves are up to 10 cm (4 in) long on stalks of a similar length and are arranged spirally. They are simple, roughly triangular in shape and have entire margins. The inflorescence is a spike with the tiny male and female flowers clustered together. The fruits are small globular capsules containing disc-shaped seeds.

### Related plants

Amaranthus viridis, the slender amaranth or green amaranth, is closely related and edible.

## Distribution and habitat

Native to the Mediterranean region, it is naturalized in other parts of the world, including much of eastern North America, much of tropical Africa, Western Europe and Japan. In Britain it was first recorded in the wild in 1771 when it appeared in Essex. It occurred more frequently in scattered locations in southern England in the 19th century but has since decreased. It is established in Guernsey and elsewhere as a casual plant, springing up on waste ground, rubbish tips and cultivated areas, probably from wool waste, coconut fibre or birdseed.

## Uses

Although not cultivated, this plant is gathered from the wild and eaten in many parts of the world. The Greeks refer to A. blitum var. silvestre as vlita (Modern Greek: βλίτα) and eat the leaves and the cooked tender shoots, served with olive oil, lemon and salt. In Lebanon (especially to the north) a side dish is made from the young shoots; they are cooked in olive oil, onion, chilli, and burghul, seasoned with salt and lemon, and eaten with pita.
# Dimitar Koemdzhiev

Dimitar Koemdzhiev (Bulgarian: Димитър Коемджиев; born 28 September 1978) is a Bulgarian footballer.

## Playing career

Koemdzhiev began playing in 1999 in the Bulgarian A Football Group with Pirin Blagoevgrad. After the relegation of Pirin he signed with Spartak-Pleven in 2001. In 2002, he played with FC Marek Dupnitsa, and featured in the 2003 UEFA Intertoto Cup against Videoton FC. He returned to Blagoevgrad in 2006 to play in the Bulgarian B Football Group, and secured promotion within the same season. He later had stints with Vihren Sandanski, and a third term with Blagoevgrad in 2011.
In 2011, he played with FC Montana, and subsequently with FC Septemvri Simitli in 2012. In 2016, he played abroad in the Canadian Soccer League with Brantford Galaxy. After two seasons in Brantford he was traded to Real Mississauga SC in 2018.
# Susan Alice Buffett

Susan Alice Buffett is an American philanthropist who is the daughter of Warren Buffett and Susan Thompson Buffett. Her charitable work has focused largely on the Sherwood Foundation and the Buffett Early Childhood Fund, organizations in Omaha that provide grants in public education, human services, and social justice in the interest of promoting the welfare of children from lower-income families.

## Biography

Born in Omaha in 1953, Buffett, commonly called Susie, is the eldest child of Warren Buffett. She attended the University of Nebraska–Lincoln, where she majored in home economics, and studied at the University of California, Irvine, where she majored in social ecology. After college she started working at Century 21 Real Estate, where she initially worked as an assistant to Arthur E. Bartlett. She then moved to Washington, D.C. and took a job at the New Republic.
Her parents lived separately from the late 1970s onwards, though they remained married until her mother's death in 2004. Despite his wealth, Warren Buffett encouraged his children to be financially independent; Susan Buffett recalled in 2006 that in spite of her father's generosity, he once refused her a personal loan of $41,000 to expand her kitchen.
In 1983, Buffett wed Allen Greenberg, a lawyer for Public Citizen, whom she had met in Washington. In 1987, Greenberg became the first director of the Buffett Foundation, a title he retained after the couple's divorce in 1995.
Buffett established the Sherwood Foundation in 1999 to fund local groups in the Omaha area. In 2005 she founded the Buffett Early Childhood Fund to fund philanthropy centered on childhood, and to help children from disadvantaged backgrounds. She also help support Daniel Beaty's show on race in the United States. As of 2010, Buffett was the chair of three of the Buffett Foundations - the Sherwood Foundation, the Susan Thompson Buffett Foundation, and the Buffett Early Childhood Fund, which are located on the Conagra campus in Omaha.
Buffett also became involved in the Omaha Community Foundation, a local nonprofit that works to improve the quality of lifesidents of the Omaha area. According to a 2010 interview with her brother Howard Graham Buffett, Buffett's philanthropic focus has consistently remained on children, education and family issues, but she has also committed to other causes, including The ONE Campaign, a non-governmental organization dedicated to various improvements in Africa. In 2015 Buffett did the honors of breaking a bottle of champagne on the bow of the USS Omaha (LCS-12).
Buffett has been active in Democratic politics, and in 2013 Hillary Clinton came to Omaha to join Buffett's 60th birthday celebration.
In 2021 it was announced that Buffett had joined the board of Berkshire Hathaway, and two years later she and her two siblings were entrusted with the sizeable task of donating all their father's wealth to foundations of their choice following his death, at which time regular donations to the Gates Foundation will cease.

## Honors and awards

In 2014 the United Way named her Citizen of the Year.
# Cynoscephalae (Boeotia)

Cynoscephalae (Ancient Greek: Κυνὸς κεφαλαί) was a village of ancient Boeotia in the Cynoscephalae Hills. It was noted as the birthplace of Pindar.
# Hi-Vis High Tea

Hi-Vis High Tea is the ninth studio album by Australian punk band Frenzal Rhomb. It was recorded in Colorado, USA, with Bill Stevenson as producer and was released in May 2017. It was nominated at the 2017 ARIA Music Awards for Best Hard Rock/Heavy Metal Album, but lost to Northlane's Mesmer.
The album is the first since a series of medical mishaps befall the band, delaying recording and release. Vocalist Jay Whalley underwent brain surgery in 2013 in order to have a parasitic tapeworm removed, as documented in the song Pigworm, drummer Gordy Forman suffered a 2015 broken arm following a stage dive attempt during a Perth concert, and guitarist Lindsay McDougall was forced to undergo emergency eye surgery in the same year.

## Charts

Chart performance for Hi-Vis High Tea :
| Chart (2021) | Peak position |
| Australian Albums (ARIA) | 9 |
# Allan Buchanan (rugby union)

Allan McMillan Buchanan (21 May 1904 — 24 November 1956) was an Irish international rugby union player.
Raised in Ulster, Buchanan attended Portora Royal School, where he was involved in several sports. He set a long-standing school record for the one mile race during his time there. An Ulster Schools rugby representative, Buchanan continued with rugby at Trinity College and captained Dublin University to the 1927–28 Leinster Senior Cup title.
Buchanan, a front row forward, was capped six times for Ireland across the 1926 and 1927 Five Nations Championships, which they jointly won with Scotland both years, as well as a match against a touring Australian side.
A bursar at The Leys School in Cambridge, Buchanan was killed in a car accident in 1956 while on his way home from watching a rugby match at Twickenham. He was 52 years of age.
# Double Dose: Ultimate Hits

Double Dose: Ultimate Hits is a double-disc compilation album by the glam metal band Poison, released by Capitol Records on May 3, 2011, to commemorate the band's 25th anniversary. The album charted at No. 23 on the Billboard Top Hard Rock Albums chart and No. 17 in Canada.

## Release and promotion

Poison announced a 2011 summer tour with fellow rockers Mötley Crüe and the New York Dolls to celebrate the band's 25th anniversary and also Mötley Crüe's 30th anniversary.
The compilation features tracks from the following albums: Look What the Cat Dragged In, Open Up and Say... Ahh!, Flesh & Blood, Swallow This Live, Native Tongue, Poison's Greatest Hits: 1986–1996, Crack a Smile... and More!, The Best of Poison: 20 Years of Rock and Poison'd. Only the albums Power to the People and Hollyweird are not represented.
The compilation includes all of Poison's hit singles that charted on the Billboard Hot 100 and Mainstream rock charts.

## Track listing

All tracks are written by Bret Michaels, Bobby Dall, Rikki Rockett, and C.C. DeVille, except where noted.

## Personnel

* Bret Michaels - lead vocals
* Bobby Dall - bass guitar
* Rikki Rockett - drums
* C.C. DeVille - lead guitar
* Blues Saraceno - lead guitar
* Richie Kotzen - lead guitar

## Charts

| Chart (2011) | Peak position |
| US Top Hard Rock Albums (Billboard) | 23 |
# Zhungdra

Zhungdra (Dzongkha: གཞུང་སྒྲ་; Wylie: gzhung-sgra) is one of two main styles of traditional Bhutanese folk music, the other being bödra. Arising in the 17th century, zhungdra (zhung meaning "center, mainstream", and dra meaning "music") is an entirely endemic Bhutanese style associated with the folk music of the central valleys of Paro, Thimphu, and Punakha, the heart of the Ngalop cultural area. Bödra, in contrast, evolved out of Tibetan court music.
Zhungdra is characterized by the use of extended vocal tones in complex patterns which slowly decorate a relatively simple instrumental melody. Untrained singers, even those with natural singing ability, typically find it challenging to sing zhungdra. This has reduced the popularity of zhungdra compared with Rigsar, the fast-paced pop Bhutanese music style based on electronic synthesizers.
The Zhungdra style may be appreciated in songs such as Lhodrak Marpai Zhab, found on Jigme Drukpa's album Endless Songs from Bhutan.
Although formally secular, the lyrics of zhungdra songs often tell Buddhist allegories, such as Yak Legbi Lhadar, in which the singer tells of his former life as a yak slaughtered in connection with a non-Buddhist ritual in the Gasa district.
# Babble hypothesis

In psycholinguistics and leadership studies, the babble hypothesis (demonstratively labeled the babble effect) is a conjecture that posits a strong correlation between the amount or quantity of speaking time an individual has in group settings and their likelihood of emerging as a leader, as commonly opposed to quality of speech. According to the hypothesis, individuals who contribute more verbal input during group interactions are more likely to be perceived and recognized as leaders.

## History of study

A 2020 study, tested the babble hypothesis. In it, diverse groups of participants were observed in challenging strategy games, with measurement of both speaking time and the substance of their utterances. The study confirmed that speaking time had the highest correlation with leadership emergence, surpassing other factors such as intelligence, agreeableness, and game proficiency. The study also noted the secondary influence of gender.