# Ludwik Fleck Prize

The Ludwik Fleck Prize is an annual award given for a book in the field of science and technology studies. It was created by the 4S Council (Society for the Social Studies of Science) in 1992 and is named after microbiologist Ludwik Fleck.
The prize is named after the Polish microbiologist and sociologist Ludwik Fleck (1896-1961), author of Genèse et développement d'un fait scientifique (1935), which influenced Thomas Samuel Kuhn's conception of the history of science, constructivist epistemology, and various fields of research such as the sociology of science, the sociology of scientific knowledge, science studies and the social construction of technologies.

## Prize Winners

| Year | Recipient | Awarded work |
| 1994 | Donald A. MacKenzie | Inventing Accuracy: A Historical Sociology of Nuclear Missile Guidance |
| 1995 | Londa Schiebinger | Nature's Body: Gender in the Making of Modern Science |
| 1996 | Steven Shapin | A Social History of Truth: Civility and Science in 17th Century England |
| 1997 | Theodore M. Porter | Trust in Numbers: The Pursuit of Objectivity in Science and Public Life |
| 1998 | Peter Dear | Discipline and Experience: The Mathematical Way in the Scientific Revolution |
| 1999 | Donna J. Haraway | Modest_Witness@Second_Millennium.FemaleMan©Meets_OncoMouse™: Feminism and Technoscience (published 1996) |
| 2000 | Adele E. Clarke | Disciplining Reproduction: Modernity, American Life Sciences, and 'the Problems of Sex' |
| 2001 | Karin Knorr-Cetina | Epistemic Cultures: How the Sciences Make Knowledge |
| 2002 | Lily E. Kay | Who Wrote the Book of Life? A History of the Genetic Code |
| 2002 | Randall Collins | The Sociology of Philosophies: A Global Theory of Intellectual Change |
| 2003 | Helen Verran | Science and an African Logic |
| 2004 | Annemarie Mol | The Body Multiple |
| 2005 | Peter Keating and Alberto Cambrosio | Biomedical Platforms |
| 2006 | Philip Mirowski | The Effortless Economy of Science? |
| 2007 | Geoffrey Bowker | Memory Practices in the Sciences |
| 2008 | Michelle Murphy | Sick Building Syndrome and the Problem of Uncertainty |
| 2009 | Steven Epstein | Inclusion: Politics of Difference in Medical Research |
| 2010 | Warwick Anderson | The Collectors of Lost Souls. Turning Kuru Scientists into Whitemen |
| 2011 | Marion Fourcade | Economists and Societies: Discipline and Profession in the United States, Britain and France, 1890s to 1990s |
| 2012 | Hugh Raffles | Insectopedia |
| 2013 | Isabelle Stengers | Cosmopolitics |
| 2014 | Helen Tilley | Africa as a Living Laboratory: Empire, Development, and the Problem of Scientific Knowledge, 1870-1950 |
| 2015 | S. Lochlann Jain | Malignant: How Cancer Becomes Us |
| 2016 | Banu Subramaniam | Ghost Stories for Darwin |
| 2017 | Judy Wajcman | Pressed for Time: The Acceleration of Life in Digital Capitalism |
| 2018 | Lundy Braun | Breathing Race into the Machine: The Surprising Career of the Spirometer from Plantation to Genetics (published 2014). |
| 2019 | Michelle Murphy | The Economization of Life |
| 2020 | Noémi Tousignant | Edges of Exposure: Toxicology and the Problem of Capacity in Postcolonial Senegal |
| 2021 | Thom van Dooren | The Wake of Crows: Living and Dying in Shared Worlds |
| 2022 | Aniket Aga | Genetically Modified Democracy |
| 2023 | Donovan Schaefer | Wild Experiment: Feeling Science and Secularism after Darwin |
| 2024 | Shannon Cramm | Unmaking the Bomb: Environmental Clean up and the Politics of Impossibility |