OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Special Staff F

Special Staff F (German: Sonderstab F) was the cover name for a German military mission to Iraq during World War II. Sonderstab F was created on 20 May 1941 and ceased to exist on 20 June 1941.

## Description

On 23 May, the instructions for Sonderstab F were detailed by German dictator Adolf Hitler in Führer Directive No. 30 (Weisung Nr. 30). The directive detailed German intervention in support of Arab nationalists who seized the government in Iraq and were being confronted by the British Army (10th Indian Infantry Division). The mission included a Brandenburger Regiment, a German Air Force (Luftwaffe) component, and a German Foreign Office (Auswärtiges Amt) component. Many members of the various mission components had received orders prior to 23 May and were in Iraq at the time Weisung Nr. 30 was issued. The Anglo-Iraqi War started on 2 May. According to British Prime Minister Winston Churchill, the "vigorous instructions" provided by Hitler were "belated" and developed at a time when "all chance of useful Axis intervention had passed."
Sonderstab F was commanded by General Hellmuth Felmy. While Felmy was a General der Flieger, he did not command the air component of Sonderstab F. General Felmy commanded Sonderstab F from Greece and it was Major Axel von Blomberg who flew to Iraq. He was the commander of the reconnaissance group in Iraq until his untimely death. Had he lived, von Blomberg was to integrate the Luftwaffe component, Fliegerführer Irak, with Iraqi armed forces in operations against the British. In addition, he and other members of the Brandenburger Regiment were to raise a German-led Arab Brigade (Arabische Brigade). The brigade was to have been raised in Iraq from the thousands of Arab volunteers available from Iraq, from Syria, from Palestine, from Saudi Arabia, and from throughout the Arab world. After his death and after the mission was a failure, the small group of German Military Intelligence (Abwehr) officers who followed him discussed the destruction of all oil facilities in Iraq. But this was pure fantasy for the four Brandenburgers available.
Dr. Fritz Grobba represented the German Foreign Office in Iraq for Sonderstab F. As such, he was responsible for the direction of mission-related propaganda in addition to his diplomatic duties.
In accordance with "Weisung Nr. 30", the command structure for the Luftwaffe component of Sonderstab F was independent from the rest of the mission. Luftwaffe Colonel Werner Junck commanded Fliegerführer Irak in Iraq. He reported directly to Lieutenant General Hans Jeschonnek in Germany. Fliegerführer Irak arrived in Iraq on 13 May, fought against the British under conditions which became more and more difficult, and, by the end of the month, was forced to abandon Iraq.
# Philopatium

41°01′48″N 28°55′12″E﻿ / ﻿41.030°N 28.920°E﻿ / 41.030; 28.920
Philopatium or Philopation (Greek: Φιλοπάτιον) was the name of a palace and region outside the walls of the Byzantine capital Constantinople (modern Istanbul, Turkey), known for its parks and gardens.
According to 11th-century accounts, it was located north of Constantinople, just outside the Blachernae walls. Competing accounts place it seaward of the Golden Gate.

## Residence of Justinian I and Theodora

The place was loved by Justinian and Theodora, and served as a spring or summer retreat for the Byzantine emperors after them. The 6th-century historian Procopius describes it as "A luxuriant forest of cypresses, verdant and flowery slopes, a spring noiselessly pouring forth its calm and refreshing waters, these are the features which beseem that sacred spot."
Near the centre of the plain is the spring called the Life-giving Spring (Ζωοδόχος Πηγή, Zoodochos Pege). When it was reported that a blind man had been restored to sight at the touch of its waters, Leo I erected a church over the spring. Justinian, believing that a bath in the spring had cured him of calculus, thriftily enlarged the church by means of the superfluous material that remained after the completion of Hagia Sophia. Twice destroyed by earthquake, it was successively rebuilt by Irene of Athens, wife of Leo IV, in the 8th century, and by Basil I one hundred years later.

## Burning and restoration

The Bulgarian Tsar Simeon, during one of his raids in the early 10th century, burnt it to the ground, and on his departure it was restored with added splendor by Romanos I Lekapenos. A generation later King Peter, the son of Simeon, wedded at its altar the granddaughter of that same Romanos. There too was solemnized the still more brilliant wedding of the youthful Emperor John V, and Helena, the bewitching daughter of John VI Kantakouzenos.

## Second Crusade

Near the church was the Palace of the Pege, or of the Spring, to which the emperors annually removed on Ascension Day, and where they devoted a few weeks to their health. During the Second Crusade, King Louis VII of France and his wife, Queen Eleanor of Aquitaine, were for several weeks lodged there.

## House arrest of Maria of Antioch

In 1182 Andronikos Komnenos put Empress Dowager Maria of Antioch under house arrest in the palace, before her imprisonment in a dungeon and execution.

## Headquarters of Murad II

Not a vestige of the palace exists. Here were the headquarters of Ottoman Sultan Murad II during his unsuccessful three months' siege of Constantinople in 1422. The church was greatly injured at the time, but not entirely destroyed until after the victory of Mehmed II.

## Fate of the church

The site of the church (nowadays the suburb of Balıklı) remained in Greek Orthodox hands throughout the Ottoman period, becoming the site of a patriarchal hospital in the 18th century. The church was destroyed again by Janissaries in 1825, and rebuilt in 1833. The cemetery of the church serves as the principal Orthodox cemetery of the city, housing the tombs of many patriarchs.
# Ministry of Finance (Sweden)

The Ministry of Finance (Swedish: Finansdepartementet) is a Swedish government ministry responsible for matters relating to economic policy, the central government budget, taxes, banking, security and insurance, international economic work, central, regional and local government.
The ministry has a staff of 490, of whom only 20 are political appointees. The political executive is made up of three ministers: the Minister for Finance – currently Elisabeth Svantesson (m), the Minister for Financial Markets – currently Niklas Wykman (m) and the Minister for Public Administration – currently Erik Slottner (kd).
The ministry offices are located at Drottninggatan 21 in central Stockholm.

## Government agencies

The Ministry of Finance is principal for the following government agencies:
* Legal, Financial and Administrative Services Agency (Kammarkollegiet)
* Institute of Economic Research (Konjunkturinstitutet)
* Fiscal Policy Council (Finanspolitiska rådet)
* Financial Management Authority (Ekonomistyrningsverket)
* Tax Agency (Skatteverket)
* Enforcement Authority (Kronofogdemyndigheten)
* Customs Service (Tullverket)
* Financial Supervisory Authority (Finansinspektionen)
* National Debt Office (Riksgäldskontoret)
* County administrative boards (Länsstyrelserna)
* Statistics Sweden or (Statistiska Centralbyrån)
* National Property Board (Statens fastighetsverk)
* Fortifications Agency (Fortifikationsverket)
* Consumer Agency (Konsumentverket)
* Gambling Authority (Spelinspektionen)
* Lantmäteriet
* National Board of Housing, Building and Planning (Boverket)
* National Government Service Pension and Group Life Insurance Board (Statens tjänstepensions- och grupplivnämnd)
* Special Board for the Public Sector (Offentliga sektorns särskilda nämnd)
* Agency for Government Employers (Arbetsgivarverket)
* Agency for Public Management (Statskontoret)
* Government Service Centre (Statens servicecenter)
* Government Employee Pensions Board (Statens tjänstepensionsverk)
* National Board of Appeal (Statens överklagandenämnd)
* Government Disciplinary Board for Higher Officials (Statens ansvarsnämnd)
* Arbitration Tribunal for Occupational Injury Compensation (Skiljenämnden i vissa trygghetsfrågor)
* Accounting Standards Board (Bokföringsnämnden)
* Estate Agents Inspectorate (Fastighetsmäklarinspektionen)
* Board for Consumer Disputes (Allmänna reklamationsnämnden)
* The National Agency for Public Procurement (Upphandlingsmyndigheten)

## Areas of responsibility

* Financial markets
* Central government budget
* International cooperation
* Local authorities
* Taxes
# Mathbaria Upazila

Mathbaria (Bengali: মঠবাড়িয়া) is an upazila consisting of eleven unions under Pirojpur district under Barisal division.The number of voters is about 2 lakh 9 thousand 706 and the number of new voters is 19 thousand 943

## Geography

Mathbaria is located at 22°17′13″N 89°58′00″E﻿ / ﻿22.2869°N 89.9667°E﻿ / 22.2869; 89.9667. It has a total area of 344.23 km$^2$.

## History

The ancient history of Mathbaria dates back to the Mughal period. Subedar Murshid Quli Khan sent Aga Baker Khan to Kirtan Khola in the area of Chandradwip which was named Baker Ganj after him. It was named Mathbaria after the Hindu-dominated Math of Mathbaria in a lower area in the Mauza of Baker Ganj. Mathbaria police station was established in 1904. Mathbaria upazila currently has 1 municipality and 11 unions.The ancient history of Mathbaria has developed since the Mughal era. The Subedar Murshid Quli Khan sent Aga Baker Khan to name a location near the Kirtankhola River, which later became known as Bakerganj. In the Hindu-populated area here, it was named Mathbaria. The Mathbaria Thana was established in 1904. Currently, Mathbaria Upazila has 1 municipality and 11 unions.
Notable figures in Mathbaria's history include Mahyuddin Ahmed, Shaheed Noor Hossain, and Major (Retd) Mehedi Ali Imam. Significant water bodies in the area include the Baleshwari, Kocha, and Pona rivers.
The literacy rate is 62.8%, with a notable number of colleges, secondary schools, and primary schools. The primary source of income for the population is agriculture.
Local markets and fairs are significant. The electricity and drinking water supply systems in the upazila are improving, but the sanitation and health center conditions need enhancement.

## Demographics

Religions in Mathbaria Upazila (2022) :
| Religion | Religion | Percent | Percent |
| Islam | Islam | 90.72% | 90.72% |
| Hinduism | Hinduism | 9.27% | 9.27% |
| Other or not stated | Other or not stated | 0.01% | 0.01% |
According to the 2011 Census of Bangladesh, Mathbaria Upazila had 61,187 households and a population of 262,841. 58,216 (22.15%) were under 10 years of age. Mathbaria has a literacy rate (age 7 and over) of 61.7%, compared to the national average of 51.8%, and a sex ratio of 1040 females per 1000 males. 48,024 (22.76%) lived in urban areas.

## Administration

UNO: Abdul Kaium.
Mathbaria Upazila is divided into Mathbaria Municipality and 11 union parishads: Amragasia, Betmor Rajpara, Boromasua, Daudkhali, Dhanishafa, Gulishakhali, Mathbaria, Mirukhali, Shapleza, Tikikata, and Tuskhali. The union parishads are subdivided into 67 mauzas and 93 villages.
Mathbaria Municipality is subdivided into 9 wards and 16 mahallas.

## Notable people

* Hatem Ali Jamadar (1872–1982), member of the Bengal Legislative Assembly
* Shamim Shahnawaz membar of Perlament election 2024
# Qezelabad, East Azerbaijan

Qezelabad (Persian: قزل اباد, also Romanized as Qezelābād) is a village in Charuymaq-e Markazi Rural District, in the Central District of Charuymaq County, East Azerbaijan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 266, in 51 families.
# Nazarabad, Rey

Nazarabad (Persian: نظراباد, also Romanized as Naz̧arābād) is a village in Chaleh Tarkhan Rural District, Qaleh Now District, Ray County, Tehran Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 16, in 4 families.
# Dovre National Park

Dovre National Park (Norwegian: Dovre nasjonalpark) is a national park in Innlandet county, Norway. The park was established in 2003. The park covers an area of 289 square kilometres (112 sq mi) and the altitude varies from the tree line at about 1,000 metres (3,300 ft) up to its highest point at Fokstuhøe at 1,716 metres (5,630 ft). The area consists of plateaus and weathered, rounded mountain peaks.
The park lies between the two larger and older parks Rondane National Park to the southeast and Dovrefjell-Sunndalsfjella National Park to the north. Its opening was part of the larger expansion of parks in the area and its purpose was to protect the area between the two parks. Like Dovrefjell-Sunndalsfjella and Rondane, Dovre national park hosts wild Fennoscandian reindeer of Beringia origin. Part of the reason for the existence of these three adjacent parks is to provide a large contiguous habitat area for the native wild reindeer population.

## Name

The park is named after the municipality of Dovre. For the meaning of the name, see Dovre#Name. It is common to use the name Dovre also for the large mountainous area of Dovrefjell which is also known as the Dovre region. From the oldest times has Dovrefjell been the border region between the northern and southern parts of Norway, and the road over the mountain was well known. The expression "til Dovre faller" ('until the Dovre mountains fall apart' = until the end of the world) is widely used in Norwegian.

## Ecotourist

In recent decades, tourism has also begun to be seen as a source of economic stability for the country. Norwegian sites are promoting natural destinations on the world market in order to attract more tourists and thus increase the benefits of tourism in the country. This means that many of the nature destinations that were previously closed to the public are now available. However, Norway pays a lot of attention to nature and is looking for ways to achieve sustainable tourism. Dovre-Sunndalsfjella National Park is one of the largest protected areas in Norway. Therefore, in order to apply ecological tourism, and to protect the park's fauna and vegetation. Norway decided to set some rules for tourists in the park so that activities such as camping, berry and mushroom picking, hunting, trapping and angling are possible, but with agreement, on specially marked routes on the tourist map of the area. Organised tours must have a special permit to operate in the national park. The only exception is traditional trekking activity carried out by tourist associations, schools, kindergartens, non-profit organisations and associations.
# Maeotian Swamp

The Maeotian Swamp or Maeotian Marshes (Ancient Greek: ἡ Μαιῶτις λίμνη, hē Maiōtis límnē, literally Maeotian Lake; Latin: Palus Maeotis) was a name applied in antiquity variously to the swamps at the mouth of the Tanais River in Scythia (the modern Don in southern Russia) and to the entire Sea of Azov which it forms there. The sea was also known as the Maeotian Lake (Ancient Greek: ἡ Μαιῶτις λίμνη, hē Maiōtis límnē; Latin: Lacus Maeotis) among other names. The people who lived around the sea were known as the Maeotians, although it remains unclear which was named for which.
The Ixomates were a tribe of the Maeotes. To the south of the Maeotes, east of the Crimea were the Sindes, their lands known as Scythia Sindica.
The marshes served to check the westward migration of nomad peoples from the steppe of Central Asia. The Iazyges, a Sarmatian tribe, were first heard of on the Maeotis, where they were among the allies of Mithridates II of Parthia.
The untrustworthy 4th-century Historia Augusta claims the Roman emperor Marcus Claudius Tacitus secured a victory over the Alans near the marshes during his brief reign in 275 and 276.
# Georg Christian Knapp

Georg Christian Knapp (17 September 1753 – 14 October 1825) was a German Protestant theologian.

## Biography

He was born in Glaucha, now a part of Halle, and received his early education in the orphan school at Halle (German: Franckesche Stiftungen), of which his father was director. He later studied theology at the Universities of Halle and Göttingen. In 1777 he was an associate professor at Halle, where in 1782 he became a full professor of theology. In 1785 he was appointed Kondirektor of the Franckesche Stiftungen (Francke Foundations), where beginning in 1799, along with August Hermann Niemeyer, he served as co-director. He died in Halle.
Knapp was a proponent of the Pietist Christian thought, and a representative of rational Biblical Supranaturalism. He was the author of a book on the Psalms (published over 11 editions from 1778 to 1789), and of "Vorlesungen über die christliche Glaubenslehre", a work that was later translated into English (with some additions) as "Lectures on Christian Theology" by Leonard Woods, Jr. He also published biographical sketches of Pietist theologians August Hermann Francke, Philipp Jakob Spener and Johann Anastasius Freylinghausen.
Knapp was father-in-law to theologian Johann Karl Thilo (1794–1853).

## Selected works

* Die Psalmen (11 editions) 1778–1789.
* "Novum Testamentum graece. Recognovit atque insignioris lectionum varietatis et argumentorum notationes" 1797.
* "Scripta varii argumenti maximam partem exegetici atque historici", 1805.
* Dr. Georg Christian Knapp's Vorlesungen über die christliche Glaubenslehre nach dem Lehrbegriff der evangelischen Kirche, Halle : Buchhandlung des Waisenhauses, 1827. (with Johann Karl Thilo).
* "Hē Kainē Diathēkē = Novum Testamentum Graece", Halis Saxonum : Orphanotrophei, 1829.
* Lectures on Christian theology : Knapp, Georg Christian (online text) (2nd ed.). N. Tibbals, New York. 1845.
# Costal

Costal may refer to:
* an adjective related to the rib (Latin: costa) in anatomy
** Costal cartilage, a type of cartilage forming bars which serve to prolong the ribs forward
** Costal margin, the medial margin formed by the false ribs
** Costal surface (disambiguation)
** Costal groove, a groove between the ridge of the internal surface of the rib
* Costal vein, a type of insect wing segment in the Comstock–Needham system
# Research Institute of Industrial Economics

The Research Institute of Industrial Economics (Swedish: Institutet för Näringslivsforskning, IFN) is a private independent research foundation based in Stockholm, Sweden. Professor Magnus Henrekson is the managing director of the Institute and Professor Lars Persson is the deputy director. In addition, approximately 30 researchers are employed at IFN and about as many are affiliated to the institute.
The institute was founded in 1939. Ivar Andersson became the first managing director of the institute and Sigrid Edström its first chairman.
# Moradabad, Hormozgan

Moradabad (Persian: مراداباد, also Romanized as Morādābād) is a village in Rudkhaneh Rural District, Rudkhaneh District, Rudan County, Hormozgan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 66, in 14 families.
# Mark Broadhurst (rugby league)

Mark Edward Broadhurst (born 8 April 1955) is a New Zealand former rugby league footballer. He played professionally in Australia and the United Kingdom, and played for New Zealand from 1979 to 1983.

## Playing career

He was a Schoolboy Kiwi in 1970 and played in the Canterbury Rugby League competition for Papanui. Broadhurst represented Canterbury, the South Island and New Zealand before moving overseas to play for the Manly-Warringah Sea Eagles, Illawarra Steelers and Hull Kingston Rovers.
One of the most memorable incidents in his career was his brawl with Newtown Jets player Steve Bowden during the minor semi-final match of the 1981 NSWRFL season.

### County Cup Final appearances

Mark Broadhurst played left-prop in Hull Kingston Rovers' 12–29 defeat by Hull F.C. in the 1984 Yorkshire Cup Final during the 1984–85 season at Boothferry Park, Kingston upon Hull, on Saturday 27 October 1984.

### John Player Special Trophy Final appearances

Mark Broadhurst played left-prop in Hull Kingston Rovers' 12–0 victory over Hull F.C. in the 1984–85 John Player Special Trophy Final during the 1984–85 season at Boothferry Park, Kingston upon Hull on Saturday 26 January 1985.

## Later years

Broadhurst later coached Papanui in the Canterbury Rugby League competition. In 2020, Broadhurst revealed that he had been diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease.

## Honours and legacy

In 2013, Broadhurst was inducted as a New Zealand Legend of League.
Since 2018, the Manly Warringah Sea Eagles and the New Zealand Warriors have played for the Broadhurst-Shelford trophy, named for Mark Broadhurst and the late Kiwis prop Adrian Shelford.
# Barclay Radebaugh

Barclay Radebaugh (born September 14, 1965) is an American college basketball coach. He is the former head coach of the men's basketball team at Charleston Southern University.
Radebaugh is a two-time Big South Conference Coach of the Year (2012, 2015). In 2015, he led Charleston Southern to the regular season Big South Conference title and the most regular season wins in program history (19).

## Head coaching record

Statistics overview :
| Season | Team | Overall | Conference | Standing | Postseason |
| Queens Royals (Conference Carolinas) (2003–2004) ||||||
| 2003–04 | Queens | 21–8 | 15–5 | T–2nd | |
| Queens: | Queens: | 21–8 (.724) | 15–5 (.750) | | |
| Charleston Southern Buccaneers (Big South Conference) (2005–2023) ||||||
| 2005–06 | Charleston Southern | 13–16 | 7–9 | 6th | |
| 2006–07 | Charleston Southern | 8–22 | 2–12 | 8th | |
| 2007–08 | Charleston Southern | 10–20 | 4–10 | 8th | |
| 2008–09 | Charleston Southern | 9–20 | 4–14 | 8th | |
| 2009–10 | Charleston Southern | 13–17 | 7–11 | 7th | |
| 2010–11 | Charleston Southern | 16–16 | 9–9 | T–5th | |
| 2011–12 | Charleston Southern | 19–11 | 11–7 | 3rd | |
| 2012–13 | Charleston Southern | 19–13 | 12–4 | 1st (South) | NIT First Round |
| 2013–14 | Charleston Southern | 13–18 | 6–10 | 5th (South) | |
| 2014–15 | Charleston Southern | 19–12 | 13–5 | T–1st | NIT First Round |
| 2015–16 | Charleston Southern | 9–21 | 5–13 | T–8th | |
| 2016–17 | Charleston Southern | 12–19 | 7–11 | T–7th | |
| 2017–18 | Charleston Southern | 15–16 | 9–9 | T–5th | |
| 2018–19 | Charleston Southern | 18–16 | 9–7 | T–5th | CIT Second Round |
| 2019–20 | Charleston Southern | 14–18 | 7–11 | T–7th | |
| 2020–21 | Charleston Southern | 3–18 | 2–15 | 11th | |
| 2021–22 | Charleston Southern | 6–25 | 1–15 | 6th (South) | |
| 2022–23 | Charleston Southern | 10–21 | 5–13 | 9th | |
| 2023–24 | Charleston Southern | 2–5 | 0–0 | | |
| Charleston Southern: | Charleston Southern: | 228–325 (.412) | 120–185 (.393) | | |
| Total: | Total: | 249–333 (.428) | | | |
| National champion   Postseason invitational champion   Conference regular season champion   Conference regular season and conference tournament champion  Division regular season champion  Division regular season and conference tournament champion  Conference tournament champion ||||||
# Mukawwa Island

Mukawwa Island (Arabic: جزيرة مكوع) is a small shore island of the Red Sea, at the northern entrance to Foul Bay in the Red Sea Governorate of Egypt.
It is one of a small group of islands which in Foul Bay, including Rocky Island and St. John's Island.
It is believed that it was once part of mainland Egypt and connected through Râs Banas, that however became separated through either erosion or rising sea levels
# Ladalen Station

Ladalen Station (Norwegian: Ladalen holdeplass) is a disused railway station on the Nordland Line located in Trondheim, Norway serving the area of Lade. The station was serviced by the local trains Trøndelag Commuter Rail operated by the Norwegian State Railways (NSB). The station opened in 1989, and was closed on 15 June 2008, when a bridge at Leangen Station allowed access to the north side of the tracks. It served what is primarily an industrial area. The station was located west of Lilleby and east of Leangen.