OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Undal

Undal is a former municipality that was located in the old Vest-Agder county in Norway. The 368-square-kilometre (142 sq mi) municipality existed from 1838 until its dissolution in 1845. It encompassed parts of the present-day municipalities of Lyngdal and Lindesnes. The municipality encompassed most of the Audnedalen valley which follows the river Audna southwards to the sea.

## History

The parish of Undal was established as a municipality on 1 January 1838 (see formannskapsdistrikt law). The municipality was short-lived and it existed only until 1845, when it was divided into the new municipalities of Nordre Undal (population: 802) in the north and Søndre Undal (population: 3,893) in the south. Prior to the split Undal had a population of 4,695.

### Name

The municipality (originally the parish) is named after the Audnedalen valley (Old Norse: Auðnudalr), but over time the name was shorted due to a corruption of the language. The first element is the genitive case of the river name Auðna (now Audna). The river name is derived from the word auðn which means "destruction" or "wasteland" (because of the flooding that often happens along the river). The last element is dalr which means "valley" or "dale". The municipality was dissolved in 1848, but the name lived on. In the early 20th century, the name Undal was Norwegianized to Audnedal, bringing back its more original spelling.

## Government

During its existence, this municipality was governed by a municipal council of directly elected representatives. The mayor was indirectly elected by a vote of the municipal council.

### Mayors

The mayors (Norwegian: ordfører) of Undal:
* 1837–1841: Rev. Lassen
* 1841–1844: Bertel Person Roland
# Rand West City Local Municipality

Rand West City Municipality (Tswana: Mmasepala wa Rand West City; Afrikaans: Rand West City Munisipaliteit; Xhosa: uMasipala wase Rand West City; Sotho: Masepala wa Rand West City) is a local municipality in the Gauteng province of South Africa. It was established after the August 2016 local elections by merging the Randfontein and Westonaria local municipalities. It is a division of the West Rand District Municipality.

## Politics

The municipal council consists of 69 members elected by mixed-member proportional representation. 35 councillors are elected by first-past-the-post voting in 35 wards, while the remaining 34 are chosen from party lists so that the total number of party representatives is proportional to the number of votes received. In the election of 1 November 2021 the African National Congress (ANC) lost their majority of seats on the council.
The following table shows the results of the election.
Rand West City local election, 1 November 2021 :
| Party | Party | Votes | Votes | Votes | Votes | Seats | Seats | Seats |
| Party | Party | Ward | List | Total | % | Ward | List | Total |
| | African National Congress | 24,410 | 25,253 | 49,663 | 45.3% | 27 | 5 | 32 |
| | Democratic Alliance | 12,629 | 12,569 | 25,198 | 23.0% | 8 | 8 | 16 |
| | Economic Freedom Fighters | 7,953 | 8,537 | 16,490 | 15.1% | 0 | 11 | 11 |
| | Freedom Front Plus | 2,092 | 2,135 | 4,227 | 3.9% | 0 | 3 | 3 |
| | Patriotic Alliance | 1,513 | 1,571 | 3,084 | 2.8% | 0 | 2 | 2 |
| | Independent candidates | 2,618 | – | 2,618 | 2.4% | 0 | – | 0 |
| | Azanian People's Organisation | 715 | 662 | 1,377 | 1.3% | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| | Randfontein Peoples Party | 574 | 756 | 1,330 | 1.2% | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| | African Independent Congress | 488 | 654 | 1,142 | 1.0% | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| | Inkatha Freedom Party | 423 | 562 | 985 | 0.9% | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| | African Christian Democratic Party | 410 | 480 | 890 | 0.8% | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| | 8 other parties | 1,105 | 1,456 | 2,561 | 2.3% | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Total | Total | 54,930 | 54,635 | 109,565 | | 35 | 34 | 69 |
| Valid votes | Valid votes | 54,930 | 54,635 | 109,565 | 97.6% |
| Spoilt votes | Spoilt votes | 1,074 | 1,564 | 2,638 | 2.4% |
| Total votes cast | Total votes cast | 56,004 | 56,199 | 112,203 | |
| Voter turnout | Voter turnout | 56,519 |
| Registered voters | Registered voters | 131,921 |
| Turnout percentage | Turnout percentage | 42.8% |

## Management

The power utility Eskom has identified Rand West as a municipality with a poor payment record. In 2021 it owed Eskom over R510 million.
# Dubyonsky District, Republic of Mordovia

Dubyonsky District (Russian: Дубёнский райо́н; Erzya: Тумобуе, Tumobuje; Moksha: Дубёнкань аймак, Dubönkań ajmak) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the twenty-two in the Republic of Mordovia, Russia. It is located in the east of the republic. The area of the district is 896.9 square kilometers (346.3 sq mi). Its administrative center is the rural locality (a selo) of Dubyonki. As of the 2010 Census, the total population of the district was 13,851, with the population of Dubyonki accounting for 24.0 % of that number.

## Administrative and municipal status

Within the framework of administrative divisions, Dubyonsky District is one of the twenty-two in the republic. The district is divided into sixteen selsoviets which comprise twenty-nine rural localities. As a municipal division, the district is incorporated as Dubyonsky Municipal District. Its sixteen selsoviets are incorporated into sixteen rural settlements within the municipal district. The selo of Dubyonki serves as the administrative center of both the administrative and municipal district.

## Notable people

* Evgeny Vladimirovich Chetvergov (born 1934), Erzya writer
# Herbert Wilberforce

Sir Herbert William Wrangham Wilberforce (8 February 1864 – 28 March 1941) was a British male tennis player and later vice-president of the All England Lawn Tennis and Croquet Club from 1911 to 1921 and served as its president from 1921 to 1936.
His biggest singles title success was in 1883 when he won the Northern Championships. In 1887, he and Patrick Bowes-Lyon won the doubles in Wimbledon.
In 1888 they were unable to defend their title when they were beaten in the Challenge Round by Ernest and William Renshaw. His best singles performance at Wimbledon came in 1886 when he reached the semifinal of the All Comers tournament in which he lost in five sets to compatriot Ernest Lewis. He also reached the quarter-finals of the singles in 1882, 1883 and 1888.
Herbert was a brother of physicist Lionel, son of judge Edward, grandson of archdeacon Robert and great-grandson of abolitionist William Wilberforce.
He later served as president and chairman of the All England Lawn Tennis Club. He was made a Knight Bachelor in the 1931 New Year Honours.

## Grand Slam finals
### Doubles (1 title, 1 runner-up)

| Result | Year | Championship | Partner | Opponents | Score |
| Win | 1887 | Wimbledon | Patrick Bowes-Lyon | H.J. Crispe E. Barratt-Smith | 7–5, 6–3, 6–2 |
| Loss | 1888 | Wimbledon | Patrick Bowes-Lyon | Ernest Renshaw William Renshaw | 6–2, 6–1, 3–6, 4–6, 3–6 |

## Barrister and magistrate

Having studied law at the University of London, he was called to the bar at the Inner Temple in 1888, and practised on the North Eastern Circuit. He was appointed a stipendiary magistrate in Bradford, Yorkshire. In 1914 he was appointed to the Metropolitan Bench of Magistrates and in 1926 became Deputy Chairman of the County of London Quarter Sessions. He retired in 1938.

## Politics

A member of the Liberal Party, Wilberforce unsuccessfully contested Hackney North at the 1900 General Election. In 1901 he was elected to the London County Council as a Progressive Party councillor representing St Pancras North. He served a single three-year term on the county council.
# Bonomi BS.18 Airone

The Bonomi BS.18 Airone (English: Heron) was a single seat training glider, designed in Italy in 1936. Only one was built.

## Design and development

The Airone was an attempt to produce a training glider similar to the BS.8 Biancone but with a better glide ratio. It used the wings of the Biancone but had the more refined fuselage of the BS.10 Ardea. The wing bracing and the empennage was new.
The wing was a wooden two spar structure, largely fabric covered. The forward spar was close to the leading edge; from it forward around the edge the wing was plywood covered, forming a torque-resistant D-box; aft the covering was fabric. The rear spar was just behind mid-chord. The central panel, occupying a little under half the span, was straight edged and had constant chord. Outboard the wing was straight tapered to rounded tips, ailerons occupying all the trailing edge. The centre section was supported by a low fuselage pedestal and braced on each side with a parallel pair of steel struts. These were fixed to the two spars close to the outer ends of the centre panels and to the lower fuselage.
The Airone had a deep sided, hexagonal cross-section fuselage, entirely plywood skinned. Its pilot sat in a small, deep cockpit, head against the front of the pedestal and partly protected from the airstream by the upper fuselage panels, which both lifted off for entry. There was a conventional single skid undercarriage under the forward fuselage aft to the wing trailing edge, with a small tailskid. The fuselage tapered gently to the tail, where the horizontal surfaces, braced and straight edged but with elliptical tips were mounted on top of a short fin. The elevators used a thick aerofoil for efficiency and had a cut-out for the balanced rudder. This was large, extending down to the keel with straight edges and rounded corners.
The BS.18 Airone first flew in 1936 but only one was built.

## Specifications

Data from Pedrielli (2011) p.97
General characteristics
* Crew: One
* Length: 6.79 m (22 ft 3 in)
* Wingspan: 13.37 m (43 ft 10 in)
* Wing area: 14.50 m$^2$ (156.1 sq ft)
* Aspect ratio: 12.40
* Empty weight: 108 kg (238 lb)
* Gross weight: 183 kg (403 lb)
Performance
* Maximum glide ratio: 18:1 estimated
* Rate of sink: 0.76 m/s (150 ft/min)
* Wing loading: 12.60 kg/m$^2$ (2.58 lb/sq ft)
# Astamur Adleiba

Astamur Anton-ipa Adleiba (Abkhaz: Асҭамыр Антон-иҧа Адлеиба, Georgian: ასტამურ ადლეიბა) is a former Minister of Youth, Sports, Tourism and Resorts of Abkhazia and a former mayor of Abkhazia's capital Sukhumi. He was dismissed from this last position for corruption.

## Early life and career

Astamur Adleiba was born in 1960 in Sukhumi. From 1977 until 1984 he was a student of the Georgian State University of Subtropical Agriculture in Sukhumi. From 1979 until 1981 Adleiba was engaged in community service for the Soviet army and in 1981-1982 he was an instructor with the Sukhumi city committee of the Komsomol. From 1982 until 1984 Adleiba served as an agronomist in the ministry of agriculture of the Abkhazian ASSR and from 1984 until 1986 he served as an agronomist in the state committee for agricultural production of the autonomous republic. From 1986 until 1989 Adleiba was the chief agronomist in the Kindga poultry farms and from 1989 until 1992 he was the vice-president of the council for collective farms in the Abkhazian ASSR.
After the 1992-1993 war with Georgia, from 1993 until 2002 Adleiba was the director of the tourist-hotel Aytar. In December 2002 he was appointed Minister of Youth, Sports, Tourism and Resorts by President Vladislav Ardzinba.

## Mayor of Sukhumi

After coming to power, the new President Sergei Bagapsh made Astamur Adleiba mayor of Sukhumi on 16 February 2005, replacing Adgur Kharazia, who had been appointed only 4 months before by outgoing president Ardzinba. In the 11 February 2007 local elections, Adleiba successfully defended his seat in the Sukhumi city assembly and was thereupon reappointed mayor by Bagapsh on 20 March .
In April 2007, while President Bagapsh was in Moscow for medical treatment, the results of an investigation into corruption within the Sukhumi city administration were made public. The investigation found that large sums had been embezzled and upon his return, on 2 May, Bagapsh fired Adleiba along with his deputy Boris Achba, the head of the Sukhumi's finance department Konstantin Tuzhba and the head of the housing department David Jinjolia.
On 4 June Adleiba paid back to the municipal budget 200,000 rubels. On 23 July, Adleiba resigned from the Sukhumi city council, citing health reasons and the need to travel abroad for medical treatment.
# Ahmed Salah (volleyball)

Ahmed Salah (born 19 August 1984), also known as Ahmed Abdel Naeim (Arabic: احمد صلاح), is an Egyptian indoor volleyball player. Since 2003 he is a member of the Egypt men's national volleyball team, where he goes by the nickname Salah. He competed at the 2008 and 2016 Summer Olympics and 2006, 2010 and 2014 World Championships.
Abdelhay was named most valuable player (MVP) at the 2011 and 2015 and best server at the 2011 and 2013 African Championships; he was also voted as best spiker at the 2011 World Cup. He is a patriot and refused several offers to change nationality despite the financial privileges. He retired internationally in 2023 after winning his 7th African championship in Cairo.

## Honours
### Club
#### Al Ahly SC

* Egyptian Volleyball League (12): 2001/02, 2002/03, 2003/04, 2005/06, 2006/07, 2008/09, 2009/10, 2010/11, 2018/19, 2019/20, 2020/2021, 2023/24
* Egyptian Volleyball Cup (12) : 2001/02, 2002/03, 2003/04, 2004/05, 2005/06, 2006/07, 2007/08, 2009/10, 2010/11, 2018/19, 2019/2020, 2023/24.
* African Clubs Championship (8): 2003, 2004, 2006, 2010, 2011, 2019, 2022, 2024
* Arab Clubs Championship (6): 2002, 2005, 2006, 2010, 2020, 2023 .
* Egyptian Volleyball Super Cup (2)

#### Halkbank Ankara

* CEV Cup (1): 2012–13
* Turkish Volleyball Cup (1) : 2013–14

#### Al Gaish

* Egyptian Volleyball League (2): 2015/16, 2016/2017.
* Egyptian Volleyball Cup (2): 2014/15, 2016/17.
* African Clubs Championship : 2016

#### Al Hilal

* Arab Clubs Championship: 2011

### International

* Men's African Volleyball Championship (7): 2005, 2007, 2009, 2011, 2013, 2015, 2023
* Mediterranean Games : 2005
* Volleyball at the African Games : 2003, 2007
* 3 × Arab Games : 2006, 2014, 2016

### Individual

* FIVB Volleyball Men's World Cup Best Spiker (1): 2011
* FIVB Volleyball Men's World Cup Top Scorer (1): 2015
* Men's African Volleyball Championship MVP (1): 2005, 2009, 2011
* Men's African Volleyball Championship Best Server (2): 2007, 2011
* Men's African Volleyball Championship Best Spiker (1): 2007
* Olympic Continental Qualification Tournament (Africa) MVP (1): 2008
* Olympic Continental Qualification Tournament (Africa) Best Spiker (1): 2008
* African Clubs Championship MVP (2): 2009, 2010
* African Clubs Championship Best Spiker (1): 2015
* Arab Clubs Championship MVP: 2006, 2011
* Arab Clubs Championship Best Server: 2005, 2010
* Arab Clubs Championship Best Spiker: 2006
* Egyptian League MVP: 2007
* Egyptian League Best Server: 2001
* Egyptian League Best Spiker: 2001, 2002, 2004, 2005, 2007
* best player & best attacker (in African cup for youth 2002)
* best server (8th rashid international volleyball tournament 2004)
# The Norwegian Writers' Center

The Norwegian Writers' Center (Norwegian: Norsk forfattersentrum) is an organization of Norwegian poets and fiction writers that encourages interactions among writers and the general public. It is funded by the Norwegian Ministry of Culture and Church Affairs and promotes literacy through poetry readings, public talks, conferences, presentations in schools, and cultural events. Writers resident in Norway having published at least one work of fiction and non-fiction (novels, poetry and children's books), are eligible for membership.
The Norwegian Writers' Center was established in 1968 under the initiative of the authors Einar Økland, Bjørn Nilsen and Tor Obrestad. Today the writer's center has over 900 author and has offices in Oslo, Bergen, Kristiansand Trondheim and Tromsø. The current leader since 2006 is Ingvild Christine Herzog.
# Seyfabad-e Allah Yar

Seyfabad-e Allah Yar (Persian: سيف ابادالهيار, also Romanized as Seyfābād-e Allāh Yār; also known as Seyfābād-e Allāh Yārī) is a village in Doab Rural District, Bazoft District, Kuhrang County, Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 42, in 10 families. The village is populated by Lurs.
# El diablo cojuelo

The Limping Devil (Spanish: El diablo cojuelo) is one of the most popular works by Luis Vélez de Guevara; it is his only novel published in 1641. In 1918 an edition published by Francisco Rodríguez Marín became well known. The story is about a student that takes the devil out of a flask where a magician had locked him. The devil, grateful, shows the student the interior of houses (as if they were toys). This way, they are able to contemplate its inhabitants in their privacy.

## English translations

* The Limping Devil - El Diablo Cojuelo - Bilingual Edition. Stockcero, 2018. ISBN 978-1-934768-92-1
# Kamppi

Kamppi (Swedish: Kampen) is a neighbourhood in the centre of Helsinki, the capital of Finland. The name originally referred to a small area known as the "Kamppi field" (see below), but according to the current official designation, "Kamppi" encompasses a much larger area with a population of 10,000 in 2004.
The heart of Kamppi is a part of the Central Business District. However, in stark contrast to the other districts of central Helsinki, development in Kamppi was sporadic and the very centre of Kamppi remained entirely undeveloped until 2002.
The name "Kamppi" is derived from the Swedish word for battle, kamp. Under Russian rule in the 19th century, Kamppi was mainly used as a military area by Russian forces, with barracks and training fields, which the name refers to. This so-called "Kamppi field" in the centre of Kamppi was also the location of a market run by Jewish merchants from the late 19th century until 1929 when it was shut down. A new pedestrian plaza on the same site, completed in 2005 as part of a recent redevelopment project, has been officially named Narinkka Square (Finnish: Narinkkatori, Swedish: Narinken) which comes from the name that the old Jewish market had. The name for the Jewish market has its background in the Russian language, as many of the Jewish merchants came from Russia and spoke Russian. In Russian language, "на рынке" (na rinke) means "on the market". The Finnish speaking people began to call the place "narinkka" and the name stuck to the place with few people today knowing the original meaning of the word.
The reputable Ressu Upper Secondary School as well as the Helsinki Old Church and its adjacent park are located in the district of Kamppi. There are also two hotels in Kamppi area: Hotel Marski and Hotel Torni.
The central bus station of Helsinki is located in a modern terminal built entirely underground in Kamppi, and the Helsinki railway station is located only a few hundred metres away. A popular destination in Kamppi is Tennispalatsi, the largest cinema multiplex in Helsinki.
Since August 2002, the centre of Kamppi was occupied by the largest single construction site in the history of Finland. The first phase of the project, the underground bus terminal, was opened to the public in June 2005. Completed in March 2006, the Kamppi Center also houses high-quality apartments and a large shopping mall. In 2012 the Kamppi Chapel was opened on the other end of Narinkka Square.
A railway station has been planned for Kamppi as part of the Helsinki City Rail Loop.
# Khua Mung

Khua Mung (Thai: ขัวมุง) is a tambon (subdistrict) of Saraphi District, in Chiang Mai Province, Thailand. In 2005 it had a population of 5,510 people. The tambon contains 10 villages.
# Patrick E. Moriarty

Dr Patrick Eugene Moriarty DD OSA was an Irish born priest, missionary, orator and educator.
Born in Dublin, on 4 July 1805. He was the fourth son among the eight children of Eugene Moriarty, a lawyer in Dublin. He received his higher education at St. Patrick's, Carlow College, studying under the Irish Nationalist and future Bishop James Warren Doyle, OSA.
Moriarty joined the Augustinian Order at Callan, Co. Kilkenny, Ireland, on 14 May 1822. He continued his studies at the monastery of St. Augustine in Rome where e was ordained in 1828. Following some time in Dublin, and a brief period in Portugal as a military chaplain, and in 1835 he went to India, where he was vicar-general in the Madras mission. Pope Gregory XVI named him Master of Sacred Theology on the basis of his missionary work in India, here he was the first Catholic Chaplain to be recognised by the British government since the reformation.
In 1839, he moved to Pennsylvania in America. He was instrumental along with Fr. Kyle in the founding of Villanova University, Pennsylvania, purchasing the land on which the College was built, and he served as the president of the college from 1851 until 1855.
He died aged 70 on 10 July 1875 at Villanova and is buried at St Augustine's in Philadelphia. Bishop Quinlan of Mobile, Alabama preached the eulogy at his funeral. Moriarty Hall in Villanova University is named in his honour.
# Ban Du, Chiang Rai

Ban Du (Thai: บ้านดู่) is a tambon (sub-district) of Mueang Chiang Rai District, in Chiang Rai Province, Thailand. In 2005, it had a population of 14,542 people. The tambon has 19 villages. One of those villages also has the name Ban Du.
# Elaeus (Bithynia)

Elaeus or Elaious (Ancient Greek: Ἐλαιοῦς) or Elaios (Ἐλαῖος) was an emporium or trading place on the coast of Bithynia at the mouth of a river of the same name. Elaeus was 120 stadia west of Cales.
It is located on the north coast of modern Turkey, at the mouth of its name-sake river.