OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Chris Pardal

Christopher Matthew Pardal (born September 30, 1972) is an American actor, producer and writer.

## Early life and education

Chris Pardal was born at St. Vincent's Medical Center in Bridgeport, Connecticut, to Armando Pardal (musician, behavior specialist) and Patricia Trentalange.
In 1986 when he was 14, Pardal was expelled from Northeast Middle School and placed in an alternative school in Bristol, Connecticut, which was highly experimental at the time.
On April 4, 1988, Pardal moved to St. Petersburg, Florida, to live with his father.
After being expelled from high school in 1990, Pardal became a professional hip-hop dancer and a "house" dancer for clubs in the Tampa Bay area. He also danced with "Todd Heffner & Company" and in several Florida hip-hop groups. He toured in Connecticut, New York, Florida, Cincinnati and Cleveland.
Pardal auditioned for the play The Water Engine by David Mamet in 1995 at St. Petersburg College and was cast as Lawrence Oberman. He began pursuing an education in theater and was quickly recruited into the dance departments of St. Petersburg College and the University of South Florida. His choreographers have included Debra Jo Hughes, Katurah Robinson, John Parks, Colette Harding and Klaus "Step" Reinert. While in college performing musical theater, he was then recruited back into the drama department where he began acting and writing again.
Pardal also served in the Army Reserves and the Florida Army National Guard from 1991 to 1996 and received the Army Commendation Medal after his unit (53rd Infantry Brigade Combat Team) was activated during Hurricane Andrew.

## Career

Pardal has been in Zeroville with James Franco and Sector 4: Extraction with Olivier Gruner and Eric Roberts.
He was featured in episode 12, season 2 of “Blood Relatives”, on the Investigation Discovery channel.
In 2016, Pardal joined the cast of the vampire noir film Corbin Nash with Malcolm McDowell, Rutger Hauer, Bruce Davison, Corey Feldman and starring Dean S. Jagger, directed by Ben Jagger. Corbin Nash was released in theaters on April 20, 2018.
# National Coordinator for Change

The National Coordinator for Change (Spanish: Coordinadora Nacional por el Cambio; CONALCAM) is a Bolivian political coordination of social movements aligned with the governing Movement for Socialism-Political Instrument for the Sovereignty of the Peoples (MAS-IPSP). It was founded on 22 January 2007, during the Constituent Assembly of 2006-2007. CONALCAM mobilizes its member organizations in support of the "process of change" which includes the drafting and implementing of a new Constitution as well as a variety of social reforms.

## Structure

According to the organization's statute in September 2010, CONALCAM is made up of the following parts: the President and Vice President of the Plurinational State of Bolivia, social movement organizations, the national leadership of MAS-IPSP, and the parliamentary brigade of MAS-IPSP members in the Plurinational Legislative Assembly.
CONALCAM is governed by a National Leadership (Spanish: Dirección Nacional), elected once every two years with the following seven offices: President; General Secretary; Secretaries of Political Affairs, Organic (i.e., Internal) Affairs, International Affairs, and of Resolutions; and a Spokesperson.
In 2010, the organization moved to increase its local and regional activities and incorporated into its statute Departmental and Regional organizations: CODECAMs and CORECAMs.

### Member organizations

As of September 2010, there are twenty national social movement organizations affiliated with CONALCAM, including the Constituent Assembly. Among these organizations are:
* Unique Confederation of Rural Laborers of Bolivia (CSUTCB)
* National Confederation of Peasant Indigenous Originary Women of Bolivia - Bartolina Sisa
* Syndicalist Confederation of Intercultural Communities of Bolivia (CSCIB)
* Confederation of Indigenous Peoples of Bolivia (CIDOB)
* National Council of Ayllus and Markas of Qullasuyu (CONAMAQ)
* General Confederation of Factory Workers of Bolivia
Conalcam also includes mining cooperatives, leftwing parties, vendors' guilds, neighbourhood associations, associations of small business enterprises, youth organizations and popular civic committees.

## Mobilizations

CONALCAM was the key mobilizing organization for supporters of the MAS and the draft constitution during the 2008 unrest in Bolivia. In October 2008, it organized a march from Caracollo to La Paz to pressure the National Congress to authorize a referendum on the new constitution, which the Congress did on October 21, as tens of thousands of protesters flooded central La Paz.
# Kateh

Kateh (Persian: کته) is an Iranian rice dish from the Caspian region of Iran. Unlike Polo/Cholo, kateh is sticky and does not have tahdig (the rice, bread or potato crust at the bottom), though it does form a crust on the bottom where the salt and oil collect. Generally, kateh needs half the cooking time of polo-style rice and has a denser flavor due to the addition of butter or oil in the cooking process.
Kateh is considered generally the most simple Iranian rice as the ease and speed of cooking makes it popular for casual dinners. It is sometimes referred to as "everyday rice". It is also a traditional dish of Caspian cuisine and found in the Mazandaran, and Gilan provinces.
# Hydrated silica

Hydrated silica is a form of silicon dioxide, which has a variable amount of water in the formula. When dissolved in water, it is usually known as silicic acid. It is found in nature as opal (which has been mined as a gemstone for centuries), and in the cell walls of diatoms. It is also synthetically manufactured for use in toothpaste as an abrasive to assist in cleaning. Hydrated silica can be dehydrated to produce silica gel, which is used as a desiccant. It is also used in various paints and varnishes and in the production of beer.

## Use in toothpaste

Diatomaceous earth, originally mined as "tooth powder" is a naturally occurring hydrated silica. As a fine gel abrasive, frequently combined with softer calcium carbonate (from chalk) it helps to remove plaque. Milled to a slightly larger size, the grains are more aggressive and are used in tooth bleaching formulations. Hydrated silica is a useful abrasive in toothpastes because it does not chemically interact with other active ingredients, especially sodium fluoride.

## Nature

Hydrated silicas can form in nature through biotic processes primarily involving benthic microorganism activity in the oceans. However, there are several abiotic processes that form hydrated silicas, such as precipitating out of solution, forming a diagenetic alteration product, or replacing pre-existing minerals in sedimentary rocks.
In its pure form, as manufactured for toothpaste, it is an odorless, tasteless, white, gelatinous substance, which is chemically inert. One of the primary industrial methods to acquire hydrated silica is through a sol-gel process.
Hydrated silicas can be categorized into three main categories based on differences in crystallinity:
* Hydrated silicate glass (Lowest crystallinity)
* Opal
* Microcrystalline quartz (Highest crystallinity)
One of the most common ways to detect and identify hydrated silicas in laboratory is through near infrared and thermal infrared spectroscopy.

## Chemical formula

Chemical Formula: SiO$_2$ · nH$_2$O
    1 SiO$_2$ + 1 H$_2$O → H$_2$SiO$_3$
    1 SiO$_2$ + 2 H$_2$O → H$_4$SiO$_4$ [also known as Si(OH)$_4$]
    2 SiO$_2$ + 1 H$_2$O → H$_2$Si$_2$O$_5$
    2 SiO$_2$ + 3 H$_2$O → H$_6$Si$_2$O$_7$
    3 SiO$_2$ + 2 H$_2$O → H$_4$Si$_3$O$_8$
    3 SiO$_2$ + 4 H$_2$O → H$_8$Si$_3$O$_{10}$
    4 SiO$_2$ + 1 H$_2$O → H$_2$Si$_4$O$_9$
Hydrated silicas exhibit a trend of decreasing bonded water molecules as the crystallinity of the silica molecule increases, with microcrystalline quartz's typically containing the least water content and macrocrystaline quartz having negligible water.

## Flame retardant

Hydrated silica compounds, such as hydrated silica aluminate (HSA), can be combined with traditional flame retardants, such as magnesium hydroxide and aluminium hydroxide, to increase their effectivity. A hydrated silica compound's effectiveness as a flame retardant is dependent upon the presence of chemically bonded transition metals, commonly iron and titanium

## Safety

Hydrated silica is listed by the US Food and Drug Administration as "Generally Recognized as Safe"
# Le Phare

For the proposed skyscraper in Paris, see Le Phare (skyscraper).
Le Phare (English: The Lighthouse) is the third studio album by French composer Yann Tiersen. This was the artist's breakthrough album. He collaborated with distinguished French songwriter Dominique A (who wrote and provided vocals to both "Monochrome" and "Les Bras de mer"). It is typical of Tiersen's work for violin, mandolin, accordion and piano to feature heavily. Also a trademark feature of his style is unusual instrumentation, including a bicycle wheel, typewriters and saucepans. Three songs from this album, "La Dispute", "La Noyée", and "Sur le fil" were used later for Tiersen's soundtrack for the film Le Fabuleux Destin d'Amélie Poulain. "L'Homme aux bras ballants" is also the soundtrack to a short film by the same name by Laurent Gorgiard. "Sur le fil" has become a live favourite, normally only the violin section performed with great intensity, sometimes even breaking many hairs on the bow.

## Reception

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| Allmusic | |

## Track listing

All tracks are written by Yann Tiersen except track #12, "Les Bras de mer", written by Dominique A

## Personnel

This also contains all the instruments used on the album.

## Charts

| Chart (1998) | Peak position |
| French Albums Chart | 50 |

## Certifications and sales

| Region | Certification | Certified units/sales |
| France (SNEP) | Gold | 100,000$^*$ |
| $^*$ Sales figures based on certification alone. |||
According to Music for New Zealand the album has sold over 160,000 copies.
# Georges Bohas

Georges Bohas (born in 1946) is a French professor emeritus at École normale supérieure de Lyon, a member of the Institut Universitaire de France, and a specialist in the editing and translation of Semitic and Arabic texts. He is a member of the laboratory ICAR.
G. Bohas holds a French agrégation diploma in Arabic.

## Contributions

G. Bohas is following Ernest Renan, with the revolutionary linguistic movement MER (an acronym for the elements of his new theory, matrices, étymons, radicaux), which seeks to innove this traditional lexicon system of Arabic and, by extension, that of the set of Semitic languages. For Bohas (and his disciples), triliter or triconsonant radicals are nothing but expansions (by rearrangement, reduplication, or consonant or semivowel increase) of articulatory binary ethics (what we might in fact call "biconsonanttic roots").

## Awards

* Senior Member of the IUF (2007).

## Some works

* Matrices, étymons, racines: éléments d'une théorie lexicologique du vocabulaire arabe. Orbis (Leuven).: Supplementa; Orbis (Louvain, Belgium).: Supplementa Orbis / Supplementa; Orbis. Supplementa. Vol. 8. Peeters Publishers. 1997. ISBN 9789068319170.
* Une lecture laïque du Coran, Georges Bohas, Gérard Roquet, 2018
* Islam et bonne gouvernance au XIXe siècle dans les sources arabes du Fouta-Djalon, Georges Bohas, Alfa Mamadou Lelouma, Abderrahim Saguer, Bernard Salvaing, Ahyaf Sinno. Geuthner, pp. 220, 2018, Les manuscrits sauvés des sables “the saved manuscripts from the sands”. 2018
* The Motivation of the Linguistic Sign in the Arabic Grammatical Tradition, Georges Bohas, Abderrahim Saguer, Nobile, L. Towards a History of Sound Symbolic Theories, John Benjamins, In press, 2019
# Nikita Matskharashvili

Nikita Omarovich Matskharashvili (Russian: Никита Омарович Мацхарашвили; Abkhaz: Никита Омар-иҧа Маҵхаа; born 30 June 1999) is a Russian football player of Georgian descent who plays for FC Ufa.

## Club career

He was raised in PFC CSKA Moscow youth system and played for their U19 squad in the 2016–17 UEFA Youth League and 2017–18 UEFA Youth League.
On 6 July 2018, he signed a three-year contract with FC Shinnik Yaroslavl.
He made his debut in the Russian Football National League for FC Shinnik Yaroslavl on 15 September 2018 in a game against FC Krasnodar-2 as an 82nd-minute substitute for Dmitri Samoylov.
# Kyle Catlett

Kyle Catlett (born November 16, 2002) is an American former child actor from Morristown, New Jersey.
Catlett has appeared in the television series The Following as "Joey Matthews". He made his feature film acting debut in a 2013 adventure drama film The Young and Prodigious T.S. Spivet, he played the eponymous lead role, directed by Jean-Pierre Jeunet. He starred in the remake Poltergeist (2015), as the middle child, Griffin Bowen.

## Personal life

Besides English, he speaks Russian, Chinese, French, some Spanish and some Latin. He was taught Russian by his mother. He learned Chinese in Chinese school once a week, and gave an interview in that language. He studied French since the film crew of The Young and Prodigious T.S. Spivet was mainly French.

## Filmography
### Films

| Year | Title | Role |
| 2013 | The Young and Prodigious T.S. Spivet | T.S. Spivet |
| 2015 | Poltergeist | Griffin Bowen |
| 2018 | A Vigilante | Zach |

### Television

| Year | Title | Role | Notes |
| 2009 | Mercy | Henry Morton | Episode: "The Last Thing I Said Was" |
| 2011 | Unforgettable | Max Seiferth | Episode: "Heroes" |
| 2013 | The Following | Joey Matthews | 15 episodes |
| 2016 | The Tick | Young Arthur | Recurring role |
# Abdul Mukhtar

Abdul Mukhtar born 2 March 1986 is a Pakistani professional international Kabaddi player. He was member of the Pakistan national kabaddi team that won Asian bronze medals in 2010 in Guangzhou.
# Spain Again

Spain Again (Spanish: España otra vez) is a 1969 Spanish drama film directed by Jaime Camino. It was entered into the 1969 Cannes Film Festival. The film was also selected as the Spanish entry for the Best Foreign Language Film at the 41st Academy Awards, but was not accepted as a nominee.

## Cast

* Manuela Vargas – María
* Mark Stevens – Dr. David Foster
* Marianne Koch – Kathy Foster
* Enrique Giménez 'El Cojo' – Maestro Miguel (as Enrique 'el cojo')
* Luis Serret – Manuel Oliver
* Luis Ciges – Padre Jacinto (as Luis Cijes)
* Joaquín Pujol – Hijo de Manuel
* Alberto Berco – Dr. Gavotty
* Alberto Puig – Dr. Tomás (as Alberto Puig Palau)
* Flor de Bethania Abreu – Teresa (as Flor de Bethania A.T.C.)
* Manuel Muñiz – Hombre Extraño (as Pajarito)
# Oruro Symphony Orchestra

The Oruro Symphony Orchestra (Spanish: Orquesta Sinfónica de Oruro) is a symphony orchestra based in Oruro, Bolivia. Under the directorship of Jesús Elías (2006–2008), they perform at the Teatro de la Casa Municipal de Cultura in Oruro.

## Background and history

Following the foundation of the Conservatorio Nacional de Música in La Paz in 1907, a strong insurgency for musical movements in the main cities of Bolivia originated. In Oruro, the teacher Pedro Rodriguez Santa Cruz in 1914, became the first director to conform an orchestra. Nevertheless, it was not until 1921 that the city saw the orchestra established in Oruro, directed by the violin teacher Linen Cañipa Ferreira, being reorganized in October 1930 by the Italian teacher Franco Russo. Amongst the orchestra members were acclaimed musicians such as Adrián Patiño Carpio, Franz Walk, Francisco Molo, Adolph Hirschmann, the Forns Samsó brothers, the French cellist Ginet Rougeot, the French violinists Mathilde Heimberg and Lydia Bernardini, Abel Elías and others.

### Reformation

On August 19, 2006, the orchestra was refunded by a merger of classical musicians from the Ensemble Ad Libitvm, the Camacho of Oruro and the Camerata Concertante of Cochabamba. Gordito Jesús Elías became the director of the orchestra, and cellist Miguel Salazar, the violinists Jose Durán, Marcela Tórrez, and others joined its ranks.
The Symphonic Choir of Oruro was also formed under the directorship of Jesus Elías. Later, in December 2006, the Youthful Symphony orchestra of Oruro was founded under the directorship of the prestigious teacher Marcela Tórrez Sahonero.

## Orchestra directors

| 1921-1925 - Lino Cañipa Ferreira 1925-1930 - Miguel Bascopé 1930-1933 - Franco Russo 1940-1947 - Manuel Vidal | 1952-1958 - José Cosío Maldonado 1962-1974 - Severo Durán 2006-2007 - Augusto Guzmán 2006-2008 - Jesús Elías |

## Oruro Symphony Orchestra 2006-2008

* Directors: Augusto Guzmán, Jesús Elías
* Violins I: José Durán, Marcela Tórrez, Christina Peláez, Patricia Flores, Flavio Mejía, Catherine Goumoens, Antonio Tórrez, Alejandra Zapata.
* Violins II: Pablo Villarroel, Antonio Tórrez, Sergio López, Cintya Bejarano, Andrea Zapata, Paola Sotelo, Paola Elías.
* Viola: Ramiro Jiménez, Rodolfo Elías, Fernanda Urrea, Daniel Fernández, Jessica Viscarra, Adriana López, Pedro Pérez.
* Cellos: Miguel Salazar, Ariana Stambuck, Jesús Elías, Richard Tórrez, Adriana Viscarra, Nohelia Cuellar, Gloria Soto.
* Double Bass: Raúl Jiménez, Franz Pontes.
* Flutes: Jorge Callejas, Oscar Elías Siles.
* Clarinets: José Luis Marin, Christian Choque, Isidro Quispe, Alvaro Quispe
* Oboes: Gabriela Claure, Walter Colque
* Trumpets: Iván Ticona, Henry Valda, Wellington Façanha, Grover Flores
* Trombone: Juan Carlos Condori, Saturnino Flores.
* Percussion: Freddy Quispe, Isidro Quispe.
# Borjak-e Hasan

Borjak-e Hasan (Persian: برجك حسن, also Romanized as Borjak-e Ḩasan) is a village in Sorkh Qaleh Rural District, in the Central District of Qaleh Ganj County, Kerman Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 392, in 86 families.
# Mikael Niemi

Mikael Niemi (born 13 August 1959) is a Swedish author. He wrote the novel Populärmusik från Vittula (in English as Popular music from Vittula). It is the story of a young boy, Matti, growing up in Pajala in the 1960s and is recounted in a humorous way. It became a best-seller in Sweden and was subsequently translated into 30 languages and made into a film in 2004 by Reza Bagher.

## Life and career

Niemi's father was a police officer and his mother was a teacher and language coach. Niemi was born in Tärnaby but grew up in the bilingual town of Pajala in the Torne valley (Tornedal), part of Lapland, inside the Arctic Circle and on the Finnish border. His father's first language was Meänkieli, the local variety of Finnish, but Niemi was raised with his mother's first language, Swedish. His maternal grandmother was Sámi. Many of his books contain some Meänkieli language. Much of the inspiration for his writing comes from his own upbringing.
He began writing poetry and novels at the age of fifteen, dreaming of becoming an author. He moved to Luleå to train in engineering and telecommunications, and stayed there for twenty years until returning to Pajala. He worked for some time as a supply teacher, and made his publishing debut with the poetry book 'Näsblod under högmässan' (Nosebleed during High Mass)' in 1988. He has published many collections of poetry, such as Änglar med mausergevär (Angels with mauserguns) and Med rötter här uppe (With roots up here) and has written poetry, prose and drama for radio and the screen.
He is best known for his novel Populärmusik från Vittula (Popular Music from Vittula), which was awarded the Swedish equivalent of the Booker Prize, the August Prize, in 2000. He has also written Svålhålet (Astro truckers), Kyrkdjävulen (The church devil), Mannen som dog som en lax (The man who died like a salmon), Blodsugarna (The bloodsuckers), and Koka Björn (To Cook a Bear) which has been sold for translation to fifteen territories.
Niemi is an amateur astronomer. He is a member of the Pajala church choir and describes himself as a "typical Swedish agnostic". His wife, Eelkje Tuma, is an anthropologist, and comes from Friesland in the Netherlands. She came to Tornedal to study burial traditions.

## Bibliography in English translation

* Popular Music from Vittula. (Swedish: Populärmusik från Vittula, 2000.) Translated into English by Laurie Thompson. ISBN 978-0-00-714550-8
* Astrotruckers. (Swedish: Svålhålet, 2004.) Translated by Laurie Thompson. ISBN 978-1-84343-278-4
* To Cook A Bear.(Swedish: Koka björn, 2017.) Translated into English by Deborah Bragan-Turner ISBN 978-0-85705-896-6
# Marcin Bogusławski

Marcin Bogusławski (born 1980) is a Polish artist, painter, drawer, graphic and mural painter. He lives and works in Warsaw.

## Education

Marcin Bogusławski has studied painting and graphics at the Academy of Fine Arts in Warsaw. During his studies (2000-2006) he attended also the guest workshop run by professor Leon Tarasewicz. In 2006 graduated from painting (diploma under supervision of professor Stanisław Baj and diploma appendix from mural painting under supervision of professor Edward Tarkowski).

## Selected exhibitions

| 2012 | W stronę światła (collective exhibition of painting by artists connected with the workshop of mural art of the Academy of Fine Arts in Warsaw), Galeria Autograf, Warsaw. |
| 2010 | Krystalit (individual exhibition), Galeria Fundacji Atelier, Warsaw. |
| 2009 | (collective exhibition), Aula Academy of Fine Arts in Warsaw, Warsaw. |
| 2009 | Ulica złoczyńców (collective exhibition), Grochowska 282, Warsaw. |
| 2008 | exhibition after en plein air (collective exhibition), Staszów. |
| 2008 | exhibition after en plein air at prof. Marian Czapla (collective exhibition), Szydłów. |
| 2008 | Pamiętniki Pokolenia Tamagotchi (collective exhibition), Galeria Klimy Bocheńskiej, Warsaw. |
| 2006 | Skały - diploma exhibition (individual exhibition), Academy of Fine Arts in Warsaw, Warsaw. |
| 2005 | trimester exhibition (collective exhibition), Falmouth College of Art, Falmouth. |
| 2004 | Zapisy - exhibition of drawings (collective exhibition), Galeria Aspekt, Warsaw. |
| 2002 | exhibition of paintings and graphics (individual exhibition), Klub Muza, Warsaw. |
| 2001 | 20 miejsc na prace - exhibition of paintings (collective exhibition), Warsaw University Library, Warsaw. |
# Pomorie Municipality

Pomorie Municipality (Bulgarian: Община Поморие, Obshtina Pomorie) is located in the Burgas Province, Bulgaria. The territory is 413.3 km$^2$ and the population is 28,572. The main economic activities are tourism, wine industry and grape growing.

## Climate

The Pomorie Municipality experiences a mild climate, especially in the winters which see little precipitation.

## Natural resources

Black-sand beaches containing magnetic compounds can be visited near the town of Pomorie.
Several natural regions are located in the Pomorie Municipality. These include the Pomoriysko Lake (Lake Pomorie), Chairite, Koriata and the Dobrovanski Gabi. Lake Pomorie is a natural hyper-saline lagoon north of the town of Pomorie. Parts of the lake have been turned into salt-pans.

## Subdivision

There are three sub-regions of the territory which include the Black Sea coast, the Tundzhanska undulating plain and the Eastern Stara Planina.
The center is the town of Pomorie. The settlements in the municipality include the following 14 villages and 2 towns (in bold):
| Aleksandrovo Aheloy Bata Belodol Dabnik Gaberovo Galabets Goritsa | Kableshkovo Kamenar Kosovets Kozichino Laka Medovo Poroy Stratsin |

## Demographics
### Religion

According to the latest Bulgarian census of 2011, the religious composition, among those who answered the optional question on religious identification, was the following:
Religious composition of Pomorie Municipality
Orthodox Christianity
68.5%
Catholicism
0.4%
Protestantism
2.4%
Islam
17.2%
No religion
2.2%
Prefer not to answer, others and indefinable
9.3% :