# Battle of Marengo order of battle

The Battle of Marengo (14 June 1800) was fought between the French army of First Consul Napoleon Bonaparte and an Habsburg army led by General der Kavallerie Michael von Melas. With Napoleon's army lying across the Habsburg army's line of communications to the west, Melas resolved to attack. Early in the morning, the Habsburg army advanced from the city of Alessandria and took the French army by surprise. It was not until 9:00 am before Melas' army completely moved through a bottleneck at the Bormida River bridges. At first the Austrian attack stalled, slowed by bitter French resistance. By 3:00 pm, the Habsburg army compelled their outnumbered opponents to retreat. Sore from having two horses killed under him, Melas handed over command of the pursuit to a subordinate and went to the rear. Later in the afternoon, a newly-arrived French division suddenly attacked the pursuing Austrians. Combined with a quick burst of cannon fire and a well-timed cavalry charge, the surprise assault caused a complete collapse of the Austrian center column, which fled to the temporary safety of Alessandria. The French suffered at least 7,700 casualties, including two generals killed and five wounded. The Austrians admitted losing 9,416 killed, wounded and missing, but some estimates range as high as 11,000–12,000 casualties. The Austrians lost one general killed and five wounded. The next day, Melas requested an armistice. The victory gave Bonaparte enough bargaining leverage to gain control of northwest Italy during the subsequent negotiations.

## French Army
### General Staff

* First Consul Napoleon Bonaparte
** Commander-in-Chief: General of Division Louis-Alexandre Berthier (acted as Chief of Staff and Reserve Commander)
** Chief of Staff: General of Division Pierre Dupont de l'Étang
** Chief Engineer: General of Division Armand Samuel de Marescot
** Chief of Artillery: General of Brigade Auguste de Marmont
* Napoleon Bonaparte
* Louis-Alexandre Berthier
* Pierre Dupont de l'Étang
* Armand de Marescot
* Auguste de Marmont

### Corps Commanders

* Jean Lannes
* Claude Victor-Perrin
* Louis Desaix
* Joachim Murat

### Organization

First Consul Napoleon Bonaparte's French Army at Marengo :
| Corps | Division | Strength | Brigades | Units | Strength |
| Corps Lannes General of Division Jean Lannes | Advance Guard | 1,577 | General of Brigade Joseph Mainoni (WIA) | 28th Line Infantry Demi-brigade, 3 battalions | 1,577 |
| Corps Lannes General of Division Jean Lannes | Division Watrin General of Division François Watrin | 5,071 | General of Brigade Jean-Pierre Firmin Malher (WIA) | 6th Light Infantry Demi-brigade, 3 battalions | 1,408 |
| Corps Lannes General of Division Jean Lannes | Division Watrin General of Division François Watrin | 5,071 | General of Brigade Jean-Pierre Firmin Malher (WIA) | 40th Line Infantry Demi-brigade, 3 battalions | 2,136 |
| Corps Lannes General of Division Jean Lannes | Division Watrin General of Division François Watrin | 5,071 | General of Brigade Claude Ursule Gency | 22nd Line Infantry Demi-brigade, 3 battalions | 1,527 |
| Corps Lannes General of Division Jean Lannes | Artillery | – | None | 2nd Horse Artillery Regiment, 2nd Company | 6 guns, caliber? |
| Corps Lannes General of Division Jean Lannes | Cavalry | 214 | None | 5th Dragoon Regiment | 214 |
| Corps Victor General of Division Claude Perrin Victor | Division Gardanne General of Division Gaspard Amédée Gardanne | 3,178 | None | 44th Line Infantry Demi-brigade, 3 battalions | 2,248 |
| Corps Victor General of Division Claude Perrin Victor | Division Gardanne General of Division Gaspard Amédée Gardanne | 3,178 | None | 101st Line Infantry Demi-brigade, 3 battalions | 930 |
| Corps Victor General of Division Claude Perrin Victor | Division Gardanne General of Division Gaspard Amédée Gardanne | 3,178 | None | Unknown | 2 3-pound cannons |
| Corps Victor General of Division Claude Perrin Victor | Division Chambarlhac General of Division Jacques-Antoine Chambarlhac | 6,564 | General of Brigade Jean-Baptiste Herbin Dessaux | 24th Light Infantry Demi-brigade, 3 battalions | 2,171 |
| Corps Victor General of Division Claude Perrin Victor | Division Chambarlhac General of Division Jacques-Antoine Chambarlhac | 6,564 | General of Brigade Jean-Baptiste Herbin Dessaux | 43rd Line Infantry Demi-brigade, 3 battalions | 2,326 |
| Corps Victor General of Division Claude Perrin Victor | Division Chambarlhac General of Division Jacques-Antoine Chambarlhac | 6,564 | General of Brigade Olivier Macoux Rivaud (WIA) | 96th Line Infantry Demi-brigade, 3 battalions | 2,067 |
| Corps Victor General of Division Claude Perrin Victor | Division Chambarlhac General of Division Jacques-Antoine Chambarlhac | 6,564 | Artillery | 5th Horse Artillery Regiment, 4th Company | 1 4-pound cannon 4 guns, caliber? |
| Corps Victor General of Division Claude Perrin Victor | Cavalry | 262 | None | 3rd Cavalry Regiment, 2 squadrons | 262 |
| Corps Desaix General of Division Louis Desaix † | Division Boudet General of Division Jean Boudet (WIA) | 4,856 | General of Brigade Louis François Félix Musnier | 9th Light Infantry Demi-brigade, 3 battalions | 1,833 |
| Corps Desaix General of Division Louis Desaix † | Division Boudet General of Division Jean Boudet (WIA) | 4,856 | General of Brigade Louis François Félix Musnier | 30th Line Infantry Demi-brigade, 3 battalions | 1,200 |
| Corps Desaix General of Division Louis Desaix † | Division Boudet General of Division Jean Boudet (WIA) | 4,856 | General of Brigade Louis Charles de Guénand (WIA) | 59th Line Infantry Demi-brigade, 3 battalions | 1,823 |
| Corps Desaix General of Division Louis Desaix † | Division Boudet General of Division Jean Boudet (WIA) | 4,856 | Artillery | 2nd Horse Artillery Regiment, 3rd Company | 4 4-pounder cannons |
| Corps Desaix General of Division Louis Desaix † | Division Boudet General of Division Jean Boudet (WIA) | 4,856 | Artillery | 2nd Horse Artillery Regiment, 4th Company | 4 8-pound cannons |
| Corps Desaix General of Division Louis Desaix † | Division Monnier General of Division Jean-Charles Monnier | 3,983 | General of Brigade Claude Carra Saint-Cyr | 19th Light Infantry Demi-brigade, 2 battalions | 673 |
| Corps Desaix General of Division Louis Desaix † | Division Monnier General of Division Jean-Charles Monnier | 3,983 | General of Brigade Claude Carra Saint-Cyr | 70th Line Infantry Demi-brigade, 3 battalions | 1,410 |
| Corps Desaix General of Division Louis Desaix † | Division Monnier General of Division Jean-Charles Monnier | 3,983 | General of Brigade Jean Jacques Schilt | 72nd Line Infantry Demi-brigade, 3 battalions | 1,900 |
| Corps Desaix General of Division Louis Desaix † | Division Monnier General of Division Jean-Charles Monnier | 3,983 | Artillery | 1st Foot Artillery Regiment, 5th Company | 1 8-pound cannon 1 howitzer, 110 men |
| Corps Desaix General of Division Louis Desaix † | Division Monnier General of Division Jean-Charles Monnier | 3,983 | Artillery | 6th Foot Artillery Regiment, 10th Company | 2 3-pound cannons |
| Corps Desaix General of Division Louis Desaix † | Cavalry | 120 | None | 1st Hussar Regiment, 1 squadron | 120 |
| Reserve Cavalry General of Division Joachim Murat | None | 2,898 | General of Brigade Bernard Étienne Marie Duvignau | 6th Dragoon Regiment, 4 squadrons | 393 |
| Reserve Cavalry General of Division Joachim Murat | None | 2,898 | General of Brigade Bernard Étienne Marie Duvignau | 8th Dragoon Regiment, 4 squadrons | 443 |
| Reserve Cavalry General of Division Joachim Murat | None | 2,898 | General of Brigade Bernard Étienne Marie Duvignau | 12th Horse Chasseur Regiment, 4 squadrons | 391 |
| Reserve Cavalry General of Division Joachim Murat | None | 2,898 | General of Brigade François Etienne de Kellermann | 1st Cavalry Regiment | 123 |
| Reserve Cavalry General of Division Joachim Murat | None | 2,898 | General of Brigade François Etienne de Kellermann | 2nd Cavalry Regiment, 1 squadron | 258 |
| Reserve Cavalry General of Division Joachim Murat | None | 2,898 | General of Brigade François Etienne de Kellermann | 20th Cavalry Regiment, 3 squadrons | 191 |
| Reserve Cavalry General of Division Joachim Murat | None | 2,898 | General of Brigade Pierre Champeaux † | 9th Dragoon Regiment, 3 squadrons | 150 |
| Reserve Cavalry General of Division Joachim Murat | None | 2,898 | General of Brigade Pierre Champeaux † | 15th Horse Chasseur Regiment | 249 |
| Reserve Cavalry General of Division Joachim Murat | None | 2,898 | General of Brigade Jean Rivaud (Not engaged) | 12th Hussar Regiment, 4 squadrons | 340 |
| Reserve Cavalry General of Division Joachim Murat | None | 2,898 | General of Brigade Jean Rivaud (Not engaged) | 21st Horse Chasseur Regiment, 4 squadrons | 360 |
| Reserve General of Division Louis-Alexandre Berthier | Consular Guard | 1,232 | Colonel Jérôme Soulès | Foot Grenadier Regiment | c. 400 |
| Reserve General of Division Louis-Alexandre Berthier | Consular Guard | 1,232 | Colonel Jérôme Soulès | Foot Chasseur Regiment | c. 400 |
| Reserve General of Division Louis-Alexandre Berthier | Consular Guard | 1,232 | Colonel Jean-Baptiste Bessières | Guard Horse Grenadiers | c. 240 |
| Reserve General of Division Louis-Alexandre Berthier | Consular Guard | 1,232 | Colonel Jean-Baptiste Bessières | Guard Horse Chasseurs | c. 120 |
| Reserve General of Division Louis-Alexandre Berthier | Consular Guard | 1,232 | Artillery | Guard Artillery Company | 2 8-pound cannons 1 howitzer, 72 men |
| Reserve General of Division Louis-Alexandre Berthier | Reserve Artillery General of Brigade Auguste de Marmont | 421 | None | Unknown | 2 6-pound cannons 3 guns, caliber? |
| Reserve General of Division Louis-Alexandre Berthier | Military Engineers General of Division Armand Samuel de Marescot | 269 | None | Sappers | 269 |
| Grand Total | – | 29,942 | – | – | 29,942, 33 guns |

## Habsburg Army
### General Staff

* Commander-in-chief: General der Kavallerie Michael von Melas
** Chief of Staff: General-major Anton von Zach (POW)

### Habsburg commanders

* Michael von Melas
* Anton von Zach
* Karl Joseph Hadik
* Peter Karl Ott
* Vinko Knežević (Vincenz Knesevich)
* Johann Philipp Frimont

### Organization

Michael von Melas' Austrian Army at Marengo :
| Wing | Division | Strength | Brigades | Units | Strength |
| Advance Guard | None | 1,290 | Oberst (Colonel) Johann Maria Philipp Frimont | Mariassy Jäger Battalion, 4 companies | 164 |
| Advance Guard | None | 1,290 | Oberst (Colonel) Johann Maria Philipp Frimont | Am Ende Light Battalion Nr. 3 | 291 |
| Advance Guard | None | 1,290 | Oberst (Colonel) Johann Maria Philipp Frimont | Bach Light Battalion Nr. 4 | 277 |
| Advance Guard | None | 1,290 | Oberst (Colonel) Johann Maria Philipp Frimont | Pioneers, 1 company | 100 |
| Advance Guard | None | 1,290 | Oberst (Colonel) Johann Maria Philipp Frimont | Kaiser Dragoon Regiment Nr. 1, 2 squadrons | 272 |
| Advance Guard | None | 1,290 | Oberst (Colonel) Johann Maria Philipp Frimont | Bussy Horse Jäger (French Émigré) Regiment, 2 squadrons | 186 |
| Advance Guard | None | 1,290 | Oberst (Colonel) Johann Maria Philipp Frimont | Cavalry Battery | – |
| Right Wing | Feldmarschall-Leutnant Andreas O'Reilly von Ballinlough | 2,997 | General-major Franz Rousseau d'Heriamont | Mariassy Jäger Battalion, 1 company | 40 |
| Right Wing | Feldmarschall-Leutnant Andreas O'Reilly von Ballinlough | 2,997 | General-major Franz Rousseau d'Heriamont | Ottocaner Grenz Infantry Regiment Nr. 2, 1 battalion | 298 |
| Right Wing | Feldmarschall-Leutnant Andreas O'Reilly von Ballinlough | 2,997 | General-major Franz Rousseau d'Heriamont | Oguliner Grenz Infantry Regiment Nr. 3, 1 battalion | 602 |
| Right Wing | Feldmarschall-Leutnant Andreas O'Reilly von Ballinlough | 2,997 | General-major Franz Rousseau d'Heriamont | Banater Grenz Infantry Regiment Nr. 4, 1 battalion | 533 |
| Right Wing | Feldmarschall-Leutnant Andreas O'Reilly von Ballinlough | 2,997 | General-major Franz Rousseau d'Heriamont | Warasdiner-Kreutzer Grenz Infantry Regiment Nr. 5, 1 battalion | 755 |
| Right Wing | Feldmarschall-Leutnant Andreas O'Reilly von Ballinlough | 2,997 | General-major Franz Rousseau d'Heriamont | Nauendorf Hussar Regiment Nr. 8, 3⅓ squadrons | 426 |
| Right Wing | Feldmarschall-Leutnant Andreas O'Reilly von Ballinlough | 2,997 | General-major Franz Rousseau d'Heriamont | Hussar Regiment Nr. 5, 2 squadrons | 230 |
| Right Wing | Feldmarschall-Leutnant Andreas O'Reilly von Ballinlough | 2,997 | General-major Franz Rousseau d'Heriamont | Württemberg Dragoon Regiment Nr. 8, 1 squadron | 113 |
| Right Wing | Feldmarschall-Leutnant Andreas O'Reilly von Ballinlough | 2,997 | General-major Franz Rousseau d'Heriamont | Cavalry battery | – |
| Center General der Kavallerie Michael von Melas | Feldmarschall-Leutnant Karl Joseph Hadik von Futak † | 5,039 | General-major Franz (Giovanni) Pilati von Tassulo | Kaiser Dragoon Regiment Nr. 1, 3 squadrons | 309 |
| Center General der Kavallerie Michael von Melas | Feldmarschall-Leutnant Karl Joseph Hadik von Futak † | 5,039 | General-major Franz (Giovanni) Pilati von Tassulo | Karaczay Dragoon Regiment Nr. 4, 6 squadrons | 1,053 |
| Center General der Kavallerie Michael von Melas | Feldmarschall-Leutnant Karl Joseph Hadik von Futak † | 5,039 | General-major Friedrich Joseph Anton von Bellegarde (WIA) | Archduke Anton Infantry Regiment Nr. 52, 2 battalions | 855 |
| Center General der Kavallerie Michael von Melas | Feldmarschall-Leutnant Karl Joseph Hadik von Futak † | 5,039 | General-major Friedrich Joseph Anton von Bellegarde (WIA) | Johann Jellacic Infantry Regiment Nr. 53, 1 battalion | 613 |
| Center General der Kavallerie Michael von Melas | Feldmarschall-Leutnant Karl Joseph Hadik von Futak † | 5,039 | General-major Franz Xaver Saint-Julien | Michael Wallis Infantry Regiment Nr. 11, 3 battalions | 2,209 |
| Center General der Kavallerie Michael von Melas | Feldmarschall-Leutnant Konrad Valentin von Kaim | 4,939 | General-major Auguste-François Landres de Briey | Franz Kinsky Infantry Regiment Nr. 47, 2⅓ battalions | 1,640 |
| Center General der Kavallerie Michael von Melas | Feldmarschall-Leutnant Konrad Valentin von Kaim | 4,939 | General-major Vinko Knežević (Vinzenz Knesevich) | Tuscany Infantry Regiment Nr. 23, 3 battalions | 2,188 |
| Center General der Kavallerie Michael von Melas | Feldmarschall-Leutnant Konrad Valentin von Kaim | 4,939 | General-major Ludwig Wolff de la Marselle (WIA) | Archduke Josef Infantry Regiment Nr. 63, 3 battalions | 1,111 |
| Center General der Kavallerie Michael von Melas | Feldmarschall-Leutnant Anton von Elsnitz | 4,214 | General-major Johann Baptist Nobili von Loptay | Archduke Johann Dragoon Regiment Nr. 3, 6 squadrons | 859 |
| Center General der Kavallerie Michael von Melas | Feldmarschall-Leutnant Anton von Elsnitz | 4,214 | General-major Johann Baptist Nobili von Loptay | Liechtenstein Dragoon Regiment Nr. 9, 6 squadrons | 1,014 |
| Center General der Kavallerie Michael von Melas | Feldmarschall-Leutnant Anton von Elsnitz | 4,214 | General-major Joseph Nimptsch von Fürst und Kupferberg (Not engaged) | Hussar Regiment Nr. 7, 8 squadrons | 1,353 |
| Center General der Kavallerie Michael von Melas | Feldmarschall-Leutnant Anton von Elsnitz | 4,214 | General-major Joseph Nimptsch von Fürst und Kupferberg (Not engaged) | Erdödy Hussar Regiment Nr. 9, 6 squadrons | 988 |
| Center General der Kavallerie Michael von Melas | Feldmarschall-Leutnant Ferdinand Johann von Morzin | 4,756 | General-major Christoph von Lattermann (WIA) | Paar Grenadier battalion | 2,116 |
| Center General der Kavallerie Michael von Melas | Feldmarschall-Leutnant Ferdinand Johann von Morzin | 4,756 | General-major Christoph von Lattermann (WIA) | Pers Grenadier battalion | – |
| Center General der Kavallerie Michael von Melas | Feldmarschall-Leutnant Ferdinand Johann von Morzin | 4,756 | General-major Christoph von Lattermann (WIA) | Sciaffinati Grenadier battalion | – |
| Center General der Kavallerie Michael von Melas | Feldmarschall-Leutnant Ferdinand Johann von Morzin | 4,756 | General-major Christoph von Lattermann (WIA) | Weber Grenadier battalion | – |
| Center General der Kavallerie Michael von Melas | Feldmarschall-Leutnant Ferdinand Johann von Morzin | 4,756 | General-major Christoph von Lattermann (WIA) | Czerwenka Grenadier battalion | – |
| Center General der Kavallerie Michael von Melas | Feldmarschall-Leutnant Ferdinand Johann von Morzin | 4,756 | General-major Karl Philippi von Weidenfeld | Pertusy Grenadier battalion | 2,240 |
| Center General der Kavallerie Michael von Melas | Feldmarschall-Leutnant Ferdinand Johann von Morzin | 4,756 | General-major Karl Philippi von Weidenfeld | Piret Grenadier battalion | – |
| Center General der Kavallerie Michael von Melas | Feldmarschall-Leutnant Ferdinand Johann von Morzin | 4,756 | General-major Karl Philippi von Weidenfeld | Khevenhüller Grenadier battalion | – |
| Center General der Kavallerie Michael von Melas | Feldmarschall-Leutnant Ferdinand Johann von Morzin | 4,756 | General-major Karl Philippi von Weidenfeld | Gorschen Grenadier battalion | – |
| Center General der Kavallerie Michael von Melas | Feldmarschall-Leutnant Ferdinand Johann von Morzin | 4,756 | General-major Karl Philippi von Weidenfeld | Weissenwolf Grenadier battalion | – |
| Center General der Kavallerie Michael von Melas | Feldmarschall-Leutnant Ferdinand Johann von Morzin | 4,756 | General-major Karl Philippi von Weidenfeld | Saint-Julien Grenadier battalion | – |
| Center General der Kavallerie Michael von Melas | Feldmarschall-Leutnant Ferdinand Johann von Morzin | 4,756 | Attached Pioneers | Pioneers, 4 companies | 400 |
| Left Wing Feldmarschall-Leutnant Peter Karl Ott von Bátorkéz | Advance Guard | 811 | General-major Friedrich Heinrich von Gottesheim (WIA) | Mariassy Jäger Battalion, 1 company | 40 |
| Left Wing Feldmarschall-Leutnant Peter Karl Ott von Bátorkéz | Advance Guard | 811 | General-major Friedrich Heinrich von Gottesheim (WIA) | Frölich Infantry Regiment Nr. 28, 1 battalion | 523 |
| Left Wing Feldmarschall-Leutnant Peter Karl Ott von Bátorkéz | Advance Guard | 811 | General-major Friedrich Heinrich von Gottesheim (WIA) | Lobkowitz Dragoon Regiment Nr. 10, 2 squadrons | 248 |
| Left Wing Feldmarschall-Leutnant Peter Karl Ott von Bátorkéz | Feldmarschall-Leutnant Ludwig von Vogelsang (WIA) | 2,194 | General-major Josef Kajetan von Ulm zu Erbach | Hohenlohe Infantry Regiment Nr. 17, 2 battalions | 912 |
| Left Wing Feldmarschall-Leutnant Peter Karl Ott von Bátorkéz | Feldmarschall-Leutnant Ludwig von Vogelsang (WIA) | 2,194 | General-major Josef Kajetan von Ulm zu Erbach | Stuart Infantry Regiment Nr. 18, 3 battalions | 1,282 |
| Left Wing Feldmarschall-Leutnant Peter Karl Ott von Bátorkéz | Feldmarschall-Leutnant Joseph von Schellenberg | 4,597 | General-major Anton von Retz | Pioneers, 1 company | 100 |
| Left Wing Feldmarschall-Leutnant Peter Karl Ott von Bátorkéz | Feldmarschall-Leutnant Joseph von Schellenberg | 4,597 | General-major Anton von Retz | Frölich Infantry Regiment Nr. 28, 2 battalions | 1,046 |
| Left Wing Feldmarschall-Leutnant Peter Karl Ott von Bátorkéz | Feldmarschall-Leutnant Joseph von Schellenberg | 4,597 | General-major Anton von Retz | Joseph Mittrowsky Infantry Regiment Nr. 40, 3 battalions | 853 |
| Left Wing Feldmarschall-Leutnant Peter Karl Ott von Bátorkéz | Feldmarschall-Leutnant Joseph von Schellenberg | 4,597 | General-major Franz Seraph Sticker von Haymingthal | Splenyi Infantry Regiment Nr. 51, 2 battalions | 737 |
| Left Wing Feldmarschall-Leutnant Peter Karl Ott von Bátorkéz | Feldmarschall-Leutnant Joseph von Schellenberg | 4,597 | General-major Franz Seraph Sticker von Haymingthal | Josef Colloredo Infantry Regiment Nr. 57, 3 battalions) | 1,369 |
| Left Wing Feldmarschall-Leutnant Peter Karl Ott von Bátorkéz | Feldmarschall-Leutnant Joseph von Schellenberg | 4,597 | General-major Franz Seraph Sticker von Haymingthal | Lobkowitz Dragoon Regiment Nr. 10, 4 squadrons) | 492 |
| Grand Total | – | 30,379 | – | – | 30,379 92 guns |