OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Animalier school

Animalier school or animalier art was a late-18th and 19th-century artistic genre and school of artists who focused on depictions of animals. The movement was largely centered in France, with some artists producing related subject matter in England, Italy, Germany, Russia, and North America.
The term animalier is most often used to refer to a group of sculptors and painters in mid-century France including Antoine-Louis Barye, Rembrandt Bugatti (felines, human figures, and zoo animals). Jules Moigniez (paintings and sculpture of horses), Rosa Bonheur, and Pierre-Jules Mène.

## History

The term animalier was first used by the French press and salon jurors in the 19th century, often as a derogatory term. The Paris salon thought animal subjects too common for fine art, but with the opening of the new Paris Jardin des Plantes zoo and the Ménagerie du Jardin des plantes, interest in animal art increased. The Dukes of Orleans, Luynes, Montpensier, and Nemours were soon to become Barye's patrons. In 1882 Édouard Manet created a portrait in pastel on canvas of the animalier artist Julien de La Rochenoire, which has been owned by the Getty Museum since 2014.
The art of George Stubbs became a favorite of collector Paul Mellon, who donated many of Stubbs' paintings to the Yale Center for British Art.
It has been observed that "many animal sculptures were modeled in plaster for exhibition and cast later in bronze editions. The size and variety of an edition depended on the popularity of the piece at exhibition, and many Barye, Mêne, and Fratin pieces were so popular that they were cast in very large editions."

## Animalier artists

Artists of the animalier movement were referred to as les animaliers. Important artists of the animalier movement included Antoine-Louis Barye (1796–1875), Rembrandt Bugatti (1884–1916), George Stubbs (1724–1806), Alfred Dedreux (1810–1860), Christopher Fratin (1801–1864), Alexandre Guionnet, Pierre-Jules Mêne (1810–1879). Rosa Bonheur (1822–1899), Isidore Bonheur (1827–1901), Anna Hyatt Huntington (1876–1973), Paul-Edouard Delabrierre (1829–1912), Alfred Dubucand (1828–1894), Jules Moigniez (1835–1894) and Émile-Coriolan Guillemin (1841–1907).

## Animalier reproductions

Many beautiful replicas are made of animalier sculpture, which may be cast or molded in any size and of any material. The most desirable of these are exact in detail and made from the same material, such as cast iron, spelter, or cast bronze, as used in the artist's original sculpture. Most of the original animalier sculptors used the traditional lost wax process of casting prevalent at the time. Alexandre Guionnet was exceptional in that he worked in wood. Modern reproductions of the original sculptures frequently use patinated verdigris cast bronze or iron, or bonded marble resin (pulverized reconstituted marble combined with resin glue), as well as various other materials and techniques, such as a composite of Capiz placuna placenta oyster shells, also known as window oyster shells, which come primarily from the Philippines (where they are known as kapiz).
# Descent of Perithous

The "Descent of Perithous" (Ancient Greek: Πειρίθου κατάβασις, Peirithou katabasis) is a fragmentary epic poem that was ascribed to Hesiod by the 2nd-century CE geographer Pausanias. The eponymous topic of the poem would have been the myth of Theseus and Perithous' trip to Hades seeking to win Persephone as bride for Perithous.
Along with the "Wedding of Ceyx" and Aegimus, the "Descent of Perithous" has been considered a poetic narrative by Hesiod that was Muse-inspired. During the expedition, Hades trapped the heroes by seating them in the "chairs of forgetfullness", and only Heracles could save them. The poem is narrated by the ghost of Meleager. One tentatively assigned papyrus fragment survives which includes a conversation between Meleager and Theseus. In this dialogue, the ghosts were talking about how Theseus and Perithous descended to carry off Persephone, a tale Meleager listened to with disgust. It is also proposed that this fragment belongs to the Minyas, and the existence of an independent Hesiodic poem on the descent of Theseus and Perithous is complicated by the fact that elsewhere Pausanias attributes the myth to the Minyas. The sheer number of Hesiodic papyri that have survived compared to those of other works of archaic epic, however, lends credence to the attribution to the Hesiodic corpus.

## Select editions and translations
### Critical editions

* Merkelbach, R.; West, M.L. (1967), Fragmenta Hesiodea, Oxford: Oxford University Press, ISBN 0-19-814171-8.
* Merkelbach, R.; West, M.L. (1990), "Fragmenta selecta", in F. Solmsen (ed.), Hesiodi Theogonia, Opera et Dies, Scutum (3rd rev. ed.), Oxford: Clarendon Press, ISBN 0-19-814071-1.

### Translations

* Most, G.W. (2006), Hesiod: Theogony, Works and Days, Testimonia, Loeb Classical Library no. 57, Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, ISBN 978-0-674-99622-9.
* Most, G.W. (2007), Hesiod: The Shield, Catalogue, Other Fragments, Loeb Classical Library no. 503, Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, ISBN 978-0-674-99623-6.
# Ortygia (Ionia)

Ortygia (Ancient Greek: Ὀρτυγία) was a town of ancient Ionia.
Its site is near Kirazlı, Asiatic Turkey.
# Besh-Aral Nature Reserve

Besh-Aral Nature Reserve (Kyrgyz: Беш-Арал мамлекеттик коругу, Russian: Беш-Аральский государственный заповедник) is a nature reserve in Chatkal District, Jalal-Abad Region, western Kyrgyzstan. Established in 1979, it currently covers 112,463 hectares. It is situated in the basin of the rivers Ters and Chatkal, between 950 and 2300 m elevation.
This is a mountainous region with untouched wild landscapes, turbulent rivers, vast meadows, and great biodiversity.

## History

Besh-Aral Nature Reserve was established on March 21, 1979, to preserve the unique natural complex and forests of the Chatkal valley, as well as to protect the habitat of the Menzbier's Marmot and to protect the natural habitat of vegetation of Greig's and Kaufmann's tulips. The area of the reserve amounted to 116,700 hectares. In 1994,in regard with the establishment of Chatkal Forestry the boundaries of the reserve were changed and area reduced to 63,200 hectares (Government Decree No 573 of August 1, 1994). On July 16, 2002, the habitats of Menzbir's marmot (Marmota menzbieri) and other areas were re-subordinated to the nature reserve, and its area increased to 86,748 hectares (Government Decree No 499 of July 26, 2002). In 2006, extension of the Besh-Aral State Nature Reserve with the Chandalash game reserve area increased the area with 25,715 hectares.
# Tuf Zari Chavil

Tuf Zari Chavil (Persian: طوف زري چويل, also Romanized as Ţūf Zarī Chavīl) is a village in Seydun-e Jonubi Rural District, Seydun District, Bagh-e Malek County, Khuzestan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 79, in 13 families.
# Malokachakovo

Malokachakovo (Russian: Малокачаково; Bashkir: Бәләкәй Ҡасаҡ, Bäläkäy Qasaq) is a rural locality (a village) in Bolshekachakovsky Selsoviet, Kaltasinsky District, Bashkortostan, Russia. The population was 279 as of 2010. There are 5 streets.

## Geography

Malokachakovo is located 31 km southeast of Kaltasy (the district's administrative centre) by road. Bolshekachakovo is the nearest rural locality.
# Rufus Alexander

Rufus Alexander (born April 12, 1983) is an American former professional football linebacker. He was selected by the Minnesota Vikings in the sixth round of the 2007 NFL draft. He was also a member of the Indianapolis Colts and Detroit Lions. He played college football at Oklahoma.

## Early life

Alexander was raised by a mother who worked all of the time to support her family while his father was in prison. His oldest brother was in and out of legal trouble and the middle brother was following suit. Alexander met the Barham family, David and Melinda, while he was in junior high. In need of a stable living environment, the Barhams spoke to Alexander's mother, Seine, about having Alexander move in with them. The Barhams never legally adopted Alexander. David Barham accepted a job as the football coach at Christian Life Academy in Baton Rouge, LA and he brought Alexander with him. Alexander became a dominant player, leading his team to district titles his junior and senior year. Barham began to actively pursue colleges on his behalf as Alexander was listed as a top 20 high school linebacker. Barham initiated contact with Oklahoma's defensive coordinator Brent Venables in December 2001. The Sooners offered Alexander a scholarship and he chose Oklahoma over several other offers.

## College career

He played for the Oklahoma Sooners football team from 2003 to 2006. In 2006, Alexander was named to the All-Big 12 Conference First-team, the Big 12 Defensive Player of the Year, and an AP and AFCA All-American.

## Professional career
### Minnesota Vikings

Alexander was selected by the Minnesota Vikings in the sixth round (176th overall) of the 2007 NFL draft. Alexander was injured in the Vikings first preseason game of 2007 and suffered a torn ACL, resulting in season-ending surgery.
After the 2008 preseason, Alexander was released. He was re-signed to the practice squad on September 23. The Vikings promoted him to their active roster on October 19 when they waived linebacker Erin Henderson. The Vikings waived Alexander two days later and re-signed Henderson. Alexander was signed back to the practice squad on October 23.

### Indianapolis Colts

Alexander was signed off the Vikings' practice squad by the Indianapolis Colts on December 2, 2008. On December 26, 2008, he was cut from the Colts' active roster and then signed back onto the Colts' practice squad on December 30, 2008.
Following the season, he was re-signed to a future contract on January 5, 2009. He was waived by the team on May 4.

### Detroit Lions

Alexander signed with the Detroit Lions on August 28, 2009. He was cut by the Lions on September 5, 2009.

## Personal life

Son Darrien Alexander was born May 17, 2007, He is a cousin of NFL safety Gerald Alexander.
# Into the Presence

Into The Presence was an American alternative rock band from Los Angeles, California, United States, founded in 2008. The band was fronted by Luis Carlos Maldonado (guitar/vocals) and featured Ana Lenchantin (cello/keyboards), Tim Alexander (drums), with Paz Lenchantin (bass, album only).
Maldonado had gained notoriety as guitarist/side musician with Glenn Hughes, Michael Schenker, UFO, John Waite, Pat Monahan And most recently Train, Bigelf, and Lisa Marie Presley also as a session musician for Shrapnel Records, as well as being a prolific songwriter.
Initially the band featured Tim Alexander, best known as the drummer for Primus and A Perfect Circle.
During the recording of the debut album Tim brought in cellist Ana Lenchantin, whose credits include Trent Reznor of Nine Inch Nails, Queens of the Stone Age, Gnarls Barkley, No Doubt, Rihanna, Kesha, Arthur Lee and Love, Eels and her sister, Paz Lenchantin who had been a member of A Perfect Circle and Zwan and is a current member of the Pixies.
The self-titled album was first released in 2009 after being signed by Michael Caplan on Razor & Tie and received favorable reviews from critics. Following the release they toured nationally, opening up for groups such as Vast and Puscifer, along with many other artists soon after which Alexander left the band.
With Luis and Ana remaining the core members, the band saw some personnel changes. They hired San Diego native Morgan Young (drums) and used several bassists while the band toured the US extensively.
The new line-up, with Young on drums and Devin Hoffman (bass) was complete in early 2011. The band had been working on new material, and were set to record the follow-up in late 2012. They had signed to Bieler Brothers, with a re-release of the debut album planned in 2012. For the new album, they had recorded many tracks at Sonic Ranch studios with Kyle Moorman engineering. The mixing of the album was completed by the late Stephen Stewart Short. Unfortunately more personnel changes along with Luis Maldonado, as well as Ana Lenchantin needing to tour with other artists, brought the group to a halt. The second album was completed but never found its way to a proper release.
# Havøysund Bridge

The Havøysund Bridge (Norwegian: Havøysundbrua) is the world's northernmost bridge over 50 metres (160 ft) in length. It is a prestressed concrete cantilever bridge in Måsøy Municipality in Finnmark county, Norway. The bridge crosses the Havøysundet strait connecting the mainland to the fishing village of Havøysund on the island of Havøya. The bridge is 293 metres (961 ft) long and has a main span of 124 metres (407 ft). The Havøysund Bridge was opened in 1986 and is part of County Road 889.
# Kitnitsa

Kitnitsa (Bulgarian: Китница) is a village in Ardino Municipality, Kardzhali Province, southern-central Bulgaria. It is located 188.619 kilometres (117.202 mi) southeast of Sofia. It covers an area of 11.586 square kilometres and as of 2007 it had a population of 97 people. In Kitnitsa, the second weekend of July features an annual fair that includes a mevlid, chess tournaments, athletic events, and traditional contests.

## Landmarks

The Ring rock formation, located near the Kardzhali Dam, provides a view of the dam and the surrounding hills. This natural feature is situated close to the dam and offers a unique perspective of the landscape.
Approximately 17 kilometers southwest of Kitnitsa, the Krivus Fortress, built in the 10th century, served to protect the area around the Arda River. The site includes remains of fortifying walls up to 5 meters high, as well as towers, an entrance, and the ruins of an ancient church at its center.
Further from Krivus Fortress, the Patmos Fortress is located on a rocky peninsula along the left bank of the Borovitsa River. Dating from the same period, it is known for its well-preserved western wall. Excavations at the site have uncovered parts of a basilica and a tower.
The Kardzhali Dam area, where Kitnitsa is located, is used for water sports and fishing, where various fish species such as carp, catfish, and zander can be found.
# The Brigadier (newspaper)

The Brigadier is the student newspaper at The Citadel in Charleston, South Carolina. The newspaper is a primarily published in blog form, with printed copies for major events during the school year. Established in 1924 as The Bull Dog, the publication changed to its present name during the presidency of General Mark W. Clark. Until 2018, print editions were published biweekly from September through April by the Department of Cadet Activities, with free editions available on campus and mail subscriptions available for a nominal fee. Beginning in 2018–19, the newspaper moved to its present online format.
# Williams, Virginia

Williams is an unincorporated community in Mathews County, in the U.S. state of Virginia.
Poplar Grove Mill and House was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1969.
# Izadabad, Malekabad

Izadabad (Persian: ايزداباد, also Romanized as Īzadābād; also known as Yazdābād) is a village in Malekabad Rural District, in the Central District of Sirjan County, Kerman Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 1,054, in 250 families.
# Limited Liability Partnerships Act (Northern Ireland) 2002

The Limited Liability Partnerships Act (Northern Ireland) 2002 is an Act of the Northern Ireland Assembly which introduced the concept of the limited liability partnership into Northern Irish law, passed two years after the Limited Liability Partnerships Act 2000 introduced the concept into the law of England and Wales and Scots law.
It created an LLP as a body with legal personality separate from its members (unlike a normal partnership) which is governed under a hybrid system of law partially from company law and partially from partnership law. Unlike normal partnerships the liability of members of LLP on winding up is limited to the amount of capital they contributed to the LLP.
Currently, despite the passing of the Companies Act 2006 and its gradual entry into force, the new law does not apply to LLP's. The commencement orders for the Companies Act 2006 have so far included saving provisions for the provisions of the Companies (Northern Ireland) Order 1986 to remain in force as applied to LLP's.
# Nikolai Tanayev

Nikolay Timofeyevich Tanayev (Russian: Николай Тимофеевич Танаев; 5 November 1945 – 19 July 2020) was a Kyrgyz politician, who served as the Prime Minister of Kyrgyzstan from 2002 to 2005, under President Askar Akayev.

## Career

He served as Deputy Prime Minister under Kurmanbek Bakiyev and was made acting PM on 22 May 2002 after Akayev fired Bakiyev. He officially became PM eight days later when the Supreme Council confirmed him.
As Prime Minister he survived a motion of no confidence vote on 8 April 2004. The legislature voted 27 to 14 to remove him from office, short of the necessary 30 votes.
He was the first ethnic non-Asian Prime Minister of Kyrgyzstan since independence.

## Revolution and exile

On 24 March 2005 Tanayev resigned as Prime Minister in the midst of the Tulip Revolution. Almost a month later he became special envoy for foreign economic relations in his native Penza region in Russia. However, by June the Acting Prosecutor-General, Azimbek Beknazarov told Parliament that his office had issued an order for Tanayev's arrest. One of the charges relates to 40 million soms ($977,000) in state funds allegedly transferred to a company controlled by his son. He lived in exile in St. Petersburg on 6 Bolshaya Morskaya Street.
# Cadrema

Cadrema or Kadrema (Ancient Greek: Κάδρεμα) was a town of ancient Lycia, a colony of Olbia. The name is supposed to derive from “the parching of corn” (Κάδρεμα).
Its site is located near Gedelma, Asiatic Turkey, and 1.8 kilometres (1.1 mi) from the site of Lycae.
# Dahaneh, South Khorasan

Dahaneh (Persian: دهنه) is a village in Fasharud Rural District, in the Central District of Birjand County, South Khorasan Province, Iran. At the 2016 census, its population was 13, in 4 families.
# Norwegian Directorate for Civil Protection

The Norwegian Directorate for Civil Protection (Norwegian: Direktoratet for samfunnssikkerhet og beredskap, DSB) is a Norwegian government agency under the Minister of Justice and the Police. DSB's general purpose is to protect Norway and its citizens from accidents, disasters, and other incidents. Examples of areas of responsibility for the DSB include prevention, crisis management, studies and analysis, civil/military cooperation, training, evaluation, and supervision. In addition, civil defense is subject to regulation by the DSB, as is cyber security. The DSB is also involved in international crisis coordination groups.
The DSB is based in Tønsberg, with 20 civil defense districts, five civil defense camps, five schools, and five regional offices for electrical inspections. The DSB has about 670 employees, of whom about 240 are based at the main office in Tønsberg. DSB also has operational responsibility for the government's central plant in Hole in Buskerud, a war headquarters for the government.
# Verkhneyarkeyevo

Verkhneyarkeyevo (Russian: Верхнеяркеево; Bashkir: Үрге Йәркәй, Ürge Yärkäy) is a rural locality (a selo) and the administrative center of Ilishevsky District in the Republic of Bashkortostan, Russia. Population: 9,710 (2010 Census); 9,339 (2002 Census); 8,001 (1989 Soviet census).
# Hojjatabad, Nasrabad

Hojjatabad (Persian: حجت‌آباد, romanized: Ḩojjatābād) is a village in Nasrabad Rural District, in the Central District of Taft County, Yazd Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 87, in 27 families.
# Gorgades

The Gorgades may refer to a group of islands off the Atlantic coast of Africa (the Insulae Gorgades, perhaps the Canaries or the Cape Verde islands), as well as the fabled tribe of native inhabitants, the women of which were covered entirely with hair (an idea perhaps derived from ancient sailors' accounts of some species of ape or monkey).

## Ancient sources

Their earliest known mention appears in Book III, Chapter 9, of the Description of the World of Pomponius Mela (c. 43 CE), which speaks of "a huge island, on which they say there are only women, bristly in their whole body, and fruitful of their own accord without any connections with males: of so savage and excessively wild manners that some of them can scarcely be restrained by chains from struggling."
The ancient mentions most widely read in the Middle Ages were those of the Roman naturalist Pliny the Elder and geographer Gaius Julius Solinus. In his Natural History Pliny names the Greek geographer Xenophon of Lampsacus as the one who identified the islands and the Carthaginian navigator Hanno as one who visited there in the fifth or sixth century BCE. Following Pliny, Solinus writes, "Women were found swift as birds; out of all those they saw, two were captured, so hairy and rough of body that Hanno, for remembrance of the occurrence, hung up their two skins in the temple of Juno, where they remained until the time of the destruction of Carthage."
These islands and inhabitants were subsequently mentioned by such medieval writers as Thomas de Cantimpre in the Liber de Natura Rerum and Vincent of Beauvais in the Speculum Historiale, going on to be included in medieval bestiaries, which especially focused on the hairiness of the females.
# Justas Vincas Paleckis

Justas Vincas Paleckis (born 1 January 1942 in Kuybyshev, current Samara) is a Lithuanian ex-communist and politician, signatory of the Act of the Re-Establishment of the State of Lithuania, and Member of the European Parliament for the Social Democratic Party of Lithuania.
He is also a member of the Party of European Socialists. Justas was born in Samara, Russia where his family resided during the Second World War. His father Justas Paleckis served as the Acting President of Lithuania in 1940 and later as the head of state of the Lithuanian SSR until 1967. After the war, the family returned to Lithuania, where he finished school in 1959 and then went on to study journalism at Vilnius University in 1964.

## Personal life

J. Paleckis is married. He has two sons, Algirdas and Rimvydas, and one daughter, Justina.
# Agaro

Agaro (also spelled AGARO) (Oromo: Aggaaroo) is a town and separate woreda in south-western Ethiopia. Located in the Jimma Zone of the Oromia Region, it sits at an elevation of 1,560 meters above sea level.

## Overview

The road that originally connected Jimma to Agaro was "better known for its depth than for its length" until improvements were completed in 1962. The road to Bedele, 96 km long, was completed in 1968 at a cost of 12 million dollars (Ethiopian), by the French company Razel Frères. Agaro is one of the most important trading centers of coffee in Ethiopia. The Agaro Institute of Public Health (part of Agaro University) operates a teaching center for health care in Agaro.
Agaro was the capital of the former Kingdom of Gomma, until Gomma was conquered by Dejazmach Besha Abuye in 1886. By 1958, the settlement was one of 27 places in Ethiopia ranked as a First Class Township. Fitawrari Gebre Kristos, started coffee plantations in the 1950s on land he inherited from his grandfather Fitawrari Wossen. Fitawrari Besha could employ up to 400 workers during high harvest season. After the Ethiopian revolution, Gebre Kristos abandoned his plantation and retired to Addis Ababa; his plantation was nationalized by the Land Nationalization Proclamation of March 1975.
In term of school and education the town have some elementary, senior, secondary and preparatory schools. Agaro secondary and preparatory school is one of the oldest secondary and preparatory school in the town.

## Demographics

The 2007 national census reported a total population for this woreda of 25,458, of whom 12,946 were men and 12,512 were women. The majority of the inhabitants were Muslim, with 60.7% of the population reporting they observed this belief, while 33.76% of the population said they practised Ethiopian Orthodox Christianity, and 5.04% were Protestant.
The 1994 census reported this town had a total population of 23,246 of whom 11,687 were men and 11,559 were women.