OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Student loans in Norway

Student loans in Norway are issued by Norwegian State Educational Loan Fund (Norwegian: Statens lånekasse for utdanning, commonly referred to as Lånekassen). Lånekassen provides both loans and grants. Loans are issued to students following studies at Norwegian universities and colleges. Qualified applicants studying abroad outside the Nordic region can also receive loan and grant support from Lånekassen. The status of a grant is conditional on passing all exams every semester. Portions of student loans can be converted into additional grant funding if the student achieves a high grade point average for the semester.
Loan and grant funding levels by Lånekassen are calculated using multiple variables including (but not limited to) tuition costs, income status, and whether or not the applicant is living with parents or other hosts rent-free.

## Interest Rates

No interest is paid on Norwegian student loans until graduation or an interruption of the education. As of 2016, borrowers can sign an agreement for a fixed interest rate. Absent this, the interest rate is variable, calculated by the Ministry of Finance as the government's expected borrowing costs in the same interest period plus a 1.25% premium added to the effective annual interest rate.

## Repayment Structure

Repayments on Norwegian student loans - either in the form of interest or principal - do not begin until graduation or interruption of studies. Repayment is structured in the form of amortization, with interest and principal combined into a fixed monthly payment (like an annuity).
Fixed interest rate loans have repayment periods of 3, 5, or 10 years from the time that the loan becomes interest-bearing. The longest repayment term is 20 years, but can be deferred up to 30 years. After graduation, students are given a default grace period of 5 months before they have to begin making payments in the sixth month. Borrowers can request additional deferment periods for a maximum deferment of 3 years. The accrued interest from the deferment period will be capitalized into the loan, meaning that the standard monthly payment will increase for every additional deferment period.
There are certain applicable exemptions for payment of interest, including (but not limited to) military service such as a student attending a military academy, civil service, care work, and welfare and poverty-based exemptions.

## Key Figures

* Lånekassen's lending portfolio is ca. NOK (Norwegian Kroner) 164 billion.
* As of December 31st, 2016, Lånekassen had 1,058,700 customers of which 653,800 are repaying their loans.
* 422,500 upper education students and high school pupils applied for financial support for the academic year 2015 - 2016.
* The average loan after graduation (higher education) in Norway was ca. NOK 280,000 in 2016.
* In the academic year 2015 - 2016, NOK 3.7 billion in grants and NOK 22.7 billion in loans were allocated to students and pupils. Approximately NOK 6 billion of the loan funds are expected to be converted to grants.
# Dar-e Boneh

Dar-e Boneh (Persian: دربنه) is a village in Meymand Rural District, in the Central District of Shahr-e Babak County, Kerman Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 26, in 7 families.
# Cayuse Pass

Cayuse Pass (el. 4,675 ft (1,425 m)) is a mountain pass in the Cascade Mountains in the state of Washington.
The pass is about 41 mi (66 km) southeast of Enumclaw on State Route 410, about 1+1⁄4 miles (2.0 km) west of SR410's Chinook Pass. The intersection with State Route 123 is at the pass.
The pass carries State Route 410 and State Route 123 between Packwood and Enumclaw. Because of the high elevation, Cayuse Pass is usually closed in November due to very heavy snow and significant avalanche danger. It usually opens in mid-May, and is not uncommon to have a snow depth at the summit of up to 15 ft (4.6 m).
As part of the All-American Road program, Route 410 through Cayuse Pass has been designated by the U.S. government as the Chinook Scenic Byway.
# Desert Gold (1936 film)

Desert Gold is a 1936 American Western film directed by James P. Hogan, starring Buster Crabbe and Marsha Hunt, based on the 1913 Zane Grey novel of the same name and released by Paramount Pictures. The film's sets were designed by David S. Garber, overseen by Hans Dreier.
The film is also known as Desert Storm (American reissue title).

## Cast

* Buster Crabbe as Chief Moya
* Robert Cummings as Fordyce "Ford" Mortimer
* Marsha Hunt as Judith "Judy" Belding
* Tom Keene as Randolph Gale
* Leif Erickson as Glenn Kasedon
* Monte Blue as Chetley "Chet" Kasedon
* Raymond Hatton as Doc Belding
* Walter Miller as Henchman Hank Ladd
* Frank Mayo as Henchman Bert Lash

## Reception

The Los Angeles Times said "it is all well done."
# Theras

Theras (Ancient Greek: Θήρας) was a regent of Sparta, a son of Autesion and the brother of Aristodemos' wife Argeia, a Cadmid of Theban descent. He served as regent for his nephews Eurysthenes and Procles.
The island of Thera (now Santorini) was named for Theras who, with fellow Spartans, colonized the island.

## Sources

* Herodotus, Histories, 4.147-148
* Pausanias, Description of Greece, 3.1.6-7, 3.15.6, 3.15.8
# Helgeland Bridge

The Helgeland Bridge (Norwegian: Helgelandsbrua) is a cable-stayed bridge that crosses the Leirfjorden between the mainland (in Leirfjord Municipality) and the island of Alsta (in Alstahaug Municipality) in Nordland county, Norway. The town of Sandnessjøen is located just southwest of the bridge on the island.
The Helgeland Bridge was designed by Holger S. Svensson. Construction began in 1989 and it was finished in 1991. The bridge officially opened in July 1991. The construction cost was 200 million kr. The bridge was a toll bridge until 23 June 2005.
The 1,065-metre-long (3,494 ft) bridge is made up of 12 spans, the longest of which is 425 metres (1,394 ft) long. The maximum clearance to the sea below the bridge is 45 metres (148 ft). The foundations extend to a depth of 31 metres (102 ft). The bridge is built out of pre-stressed and reinforced concrete and steel cables.
# Lesicheri Glacier

Lesicheri Glacier (Bulgarian: ледник Лесичери, romanized: lednik Lesicheri, IPA:) is the 7 km long and 3 km wide glacier on Oscar II Coast in Graham Land situated west of Minzuhar Glacier and northeast of Erden Glacier. It drains the southeast slopes of Forbidden Plateau, and flows southeastwards to join Jorum Glacier west of Yordanov Nunatak. The feature is named after the settlement of Lesicheri in Northern Bulgaria.

## Location

Lesicheri Glacier is located at 65°09′10″S 62°19′50″W﻿ / ﻿65.15278°S 62.33056°W﻿ / -65.15278; -62.33056. British mapping in 1976.

## Maps

* British Antarctic Territory. Scale 1:200000 topographic map. DOS 610 Series, Sheet W 65 62. Directorate of Overseas Surveys, Tolworth, UK, 1976.
* Antarctic Digital Database (ADD). Scale 1:250000 topographic map of Antarctica. Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research (SCAR). Since 1993, regularly upgraded and updated.
# Christine Ntegamahe Mwebesa

Christine Ntegamahe Mwebesa is a Ugandan medical doctor and former Member of Parliament who represented Kabale district in the 1994 Uganda's sixth parliament (1996 -2001). She was replaced by Hope Mwesigye in the 2002 General Elections. Prior to becoming a member of parliament, she had represented the same constituency as a Delegate in the 1994 Constituent Assembly.

## Career

In the 1994 Ugandan Constituent Assembly election, Mwebesa was elected to represent Kabale district. Later on, she served as the Woman Representative for the same constituency in Uganda's sixth parliament between 1996 and 2001.
In 2016, she was one of the recipients of the 50th independence Golden Jubilee Medal "in recognition of their outstanding service and loyalty to the county from 9th October 1962 to 9th October 2012".
Still in 2016, she was nominated for and approved as the deputy chairperson of Uganda's Health Service Commission, a position she holds to date.
# Arababad, Kerman

Arababad (Persian: عرب اباد, also Romanized as ‘Arabābād) is a village in Mahan Rural District, Mahan District, Kerman County, Kerman Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 185, in 54 families.
# Mohammadabad, Baghin

Mohammadabad (Persian: محمداباد, also Romanized as Moḩammadābād) is a village in Baghin Rural District, in the Central District of Kerman County, Kerman Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 100, in 19 families.
# Delli-ye Solmavand

Delli-ye Solmavand (Persian: دلي سلماوند, also Romanized as Dellī-ye Solmāvand) is a village in Rud Zard Rural District, in the Central District of Bagh-e Malek County, Khuzestan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 77, in 22 families.
# Ismailovo

Ismailovo (Russian: Исмаилово; Bashkir: Исмаил, İsmail) is a rural locality (a selo) and the administrative centre of Ismailovsky Selsoviet, Dyurtyulinsky District, Bashkortostan, Russia. The population was 1,081 as of 2010. There are 20 streets.

## Geography

Ismailovo is located 18 km northwest of Dyurtyuli (the district's administrative centre) by road. Kuchergich is the nearest rural locality.
# Shurabeh-ye Vosta Shahmorad

Shurabeh-ye Vosta Shahmorad (Persian: شورابه وسطي شاهمراد, also Romanized as Shūrābeh-ye Vosţá Shāhmorād; also known as Shūrābeh) is a village in Kunani Rural District, Kunani District, Kuhdasht County, Lorestan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 76, in 16 families.
# Pryaporets, Kardzhali Province

Pryaporets (Bulgarian: Пряпорец) is a village in Chernoochene Municipality, in Kardzhali Province, in southern-central Bulgaria. It is located 198.109 kilometres (123.099 mi) southeast of Sofia. It covers an area of 1.373 square kilometres and as of 2007 it had a population of 182 people.
# Kushki, Pol-e Dokhtar

Kushki (Persian: كوشكي, also Romanized as Kūshkī; also known as Kūshkī-ye Amīrān) is a village in Mamulan Rural District, Mamulan District, Pol-e Dokhtar County, Lorestan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 105, in 24 families.
# NGC 7007

NGC 7007 is a lenticular galaxy with a small bar, around 100 million light-years away from Earth in the constellation Indus. It was discovered by astronomer John Herschel on July 8, 1834. The galaxy is a type 2 seyfert galaxy, and is host to a supermassive black hole with an estimated mass of 4.9 × 10$^7$ M$_☉$.
Like all lenticular galaxies, NGC 7007 has a classical disk similar to most galaxies of its type, having a nearly spherical bulge. Unlike most galaxies of its type, the pattern of dust in NGC 7007 is not circular and continuous surrounding the bulge but shows breaks in its structure. These dust lanes also appear to form dusty spiral arms similar to the Sa galaxies NGC 2855, NGC 4984, and NGC 7377.
NGC 7007 is an isolated galaxy, with it a part of the Telescopium−Grus Cloud, a galaxy filament.

## Counter-rotating disk

In NGC 7007, there is counter-rotating disk of ionized gas that counter-rotates with respect to the stars. This indicates an external origin of the gas such as accretion.
# Cryomassage

Cryomassage is a type of massage involving the application of superficial cold to body tissue, typically using ice or liquid nitrogen. As a cryotherapy technique, cryomassage has been used to treat physical injury, skin disorders such as rosacea and facial erythrosis (redness), and facial nerve neuropathy.

## Methodology

General cryomassage is performed with ice packs or cryocare packs. General cryomassage is said to initiate tissue regeneration and repair, improve muscular blood circulation, and reduce inflammation. As with other cryotherapy, cryomassage can induce an analgesic effect.
In cosmetology, cryomassage is performed with liquid nitrogen.
# Transcriptional noise

Transcriptional noise is a primary cause of the variability (noise) in gene expression occurring between cells in isogenic populations (see also cellular noise) . A proposed source of transcriptional noise is transcriptional bursting although other sources of heterogeneity, such as unequal separation of cell contents at mitosis are also likely to contribute considerably. Bursting transcription, as opposed to simple probabilistic models of transcription, reflects multiple states of gene activity, with fluctuations between states separated by irregular intervals, generating uneven protein expression between cells. Noise in gene expression can have tremendous consequences on cell behaviour, and must be mitigated or integrated. In certain contexts, such as establishment of viral latency, the survival of microbes in rapidly changing stressful environments, or several types of scattered differentiation, the variability may be essential. Variability also impacts upon the effectiveness of clinical treatment, with resistance of bacteria and yeast to antibiotics demonstrably caused by non-genetic differences. Variability in gene expression may also contribute to resistance of sub-populations of cancer cells to chemotherapy and appears to be a barrier to curing HIV.
# Hello Friends (TV series)

Hello Friends is a Hindi language sitcom that premiered on Zee TV channel on 6 September 1999. The series is an Indian adaptation of the American sitcom Friends. It ran for one season of 26 episodes.

## Premise

Hello Friends is a comedy about six lovable, humorous, fun-loving friends and their adventures and misadventures.

## Cast

* Simone Singh as Sanjana (Monica Geller)
* Aparna Tilak as Nisha (Rachel Green)
* Maria Goretti as Penny (Phoebe Buffay)
* Cyrus Broacha as Cyrus (Chandler Bing)
* Nikhil Chinapa as Vikram (Ross Geller) and Akram (in the last episode)
* Anil Dimbri as Rahul (Joey Tribbiani)
* Kunal Vijaykar as Uncle Sam
* Mandira Bedi as Julie
* Jyoti Gauba
* Kishwer Merchant
* Shehzad Khan
* Bhavana Balsavar as Konika
* Eva Grover as Priya
* Rituraj Singh as Amit
* Samir Soni
# Bronze Medallion (United Kingdom)

The Bronze Medallion was the flagship award of the Royal Life Saving Society UK until 2012. It was open to those age 14 years of age and over, and consists of resuscitation, theory questions on water safety, self rescue, and rescue principles, and a practical swimming pool based assessment.
A summary of the nine tests (Dec 2006) is as follows:
1. Suspected Drowning; includes mouth-to-mouth/nose resuscitation and the recovery position.
2. Suspected Heart Attack; includes mouth-to-mouth/nose resuscitation, CPR and the recovery position.
3. Land-Based Rescue; includes use of various rescue methods in which the rescuer remains on the shore. Non-Contact.
4. Wade/Swim Rescue; includes use of various rescue methods in which the rescuer has to enter the water. Non-Contact.
5. Timed Swim/Tow; 50m swim, 50m tow using item of clothing. Must be completed within 3min15secs from arriving at pool edge to casualty touching land. Non-Contact.
6. Contact Tow with Self-Defence; 20m swim, 20m tow during which the casualty will try to attack the rescuer at random. Close-Contact.
7. Unconscious Casualty; 20m swim, 20m tow with an unconscious casualty. Includes surface dive, water-based mouth-to-mouth/nose resuscitation, use of bystander for help to get casualty onto dry land and the recovery position.
8. Unknown Scenario; students face an unknown scenario in which they will have to successfully rescue at least two casualties from the water. Casualties may be in any condition and safety resources are varied.
9.You can apply for bronze medallion at the age of 12 as long as you have passed the rookie lifeguard course up to gold 3 otherwise you must be 14
9. Oral Examination; testing knowledge of basic first-aid, diagnosis, water safety etc.
# Yangiobod

Yangiobod (Uzbek: Yangiobod, Russian: Янгиабад, romanized: Yangiabad) is a city located in the Angren municipality of Tashkent Region, Uzbekistan. Its population is 8,900 (2016).
A secret town during the Soviet Union because of the uranium mine present, these days no uranium is mined anymore and the town is known as a summer holiday resort for locals from Tashkent. A couple of kilometers from the town there is a mineral water spring which is mainstream in the town and different urban areas.
In 2021 preparations for the environmental remediation at the former mine, and also at Charkesar, started with the assistance of a €2 million grant from the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development.
# Martin Harris (footballer)

Martin Harris (born 22 December 1955) is an English former professional footballer who made 107 appearances in the Football League playing on the right wing for Workington and Hartlepool United. He was on the books of Grimsby Town as a youngster without playing for their league side, and also played non-league football for Scarborough, Burton Albion and Cleator Moor Celtic. He went on to manage clubs including Cleator Moor Celtic and Whitehaven Amateurs.
Harris was born in 1955 in Doncaster, which was then in the West Riding of Yorkshire.
# Muhammet Atalay

Muhammet Atalay (born 15 May 1989) is a Turkish former professional cyclist, who currently works as a directeur sportif for UCI Continental team Spor Toto Cycling Team.

## Major results
### 2011

    1st Stage 4 Tour of Trakya

### 2013

    3rd Time trial, National Road Championships

### 2015

    3rd Overall Tour of Black Sea
    9th Overall International Tour of Torku Mevlana

### 2016

    4th Overall Tour of Ankara

### 2018

    National Road Championships
       2nd Road race
       2nd Time trial

### 2019

    3rd GP Sakia El Hamra, Les Challenges de la Marche Verte
# Ghost Mamma

Ghost Mamma (Korean: 고스트 맘마) is a 1996 South Korean romance fantasy film.

## Plot

The film tells the story of a happily married couple, Ji-seok and In-ju, who lived with their son Dabin until a tragic accident which left Dabin alive but caused In-ju's death one year later. Ji-seok tries to commit suicide but In-ju visits him as a ghost to comfort him.

## Cast

* Choi Jin-sil ... In-ju
* Kim Seung-woo ... Ji-seok
* Park Sang-ah
* Kwon Hae-hyo ... Byun Joo-ho
* Jeon Soo-kyung
* Lee Taek-geun
* Park Ji-seong
* Jung Hye-sun
* Jo Sang-gun
* Ryu Tae-ho
# Shahrestanak, Torbat-e Jam

Shahrestanak (Persian: شهرستانك, also Romanized as Shahrestānak; also known as Shahrābād) is a village in Zam Rural District, Pain Jam District, Torbat-e Jam County, Razavi Khorasan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 829, in 184 families.
# 118th Mechanized Infantry Brigade (People's Republic of China)
## Chinese Civil War

During Chinese Civil War, this division was known as 7th division, 3rd column, Northeast Field Army and was an element of the 3rd column, nicknamed 'whirlwind column'. On 30 September 30 – 1 October 1947, the 7th Division and 8th Division covered 120 kilometers and encircled Kuomintang 116th Division in Weiyuanbao. On 2 October, the 7th Division annihilated the 116th Division with the assistance of the 8th Division, the action the origin of the distinction as Rainstorm Troops. In the Liaoshen Campaign, the battalion attacked General Liao Yaoxiang's headquarters. Then it fought in the Pingjin Campaign and Battle of Hainan Island.

## Korean War

The 118th Division was a military formation of the People's Volunteer Army (Chinese People's Volunteers (CPV) or Chinese Communist Forces (CCF)) during the Korean War with a standard strength of approximately 10,000 men. It was a component of the 40th Army, consisting of the 352nd, 353rd, and 354th Regiments.
118th division was the first unit engaged with UNC in Korean war. On 25 October 1950, it and 120th division encountered ROK 1st and 6th divisions in Battle of Onjong, and destroyed 6th division. Then this division attended Battle of the Ch'ongch'on River and Battle of Hoengsong.
In the first period of Chinese Spring Offensive, 118th division undertook the mission to defeat ROK 6th Division and open a gap between US Marine 1st Division and US 24th Infantry Division on the direction of Kapyong—Mokdong-ri. 118th division's attack started on the dusk of 22 April 1951 and overran ROK 6th division within six hours, then its vanguards, 3rd battalion, 354th regiment, reached Mokdong-ri on 23 April, 24:00, accomplished the division's mission, and engaged with British 27th Brigade in Battle of Kapyong.

## Current

The unit is part of the 80th Group Army in the Northern Theater Command Ground Force, as the 118th Medium Combined Arms Brigade.
# Callidice

In Greek mythology, Callidice (/kəˈlɪdɪsiː/; Ancient Greek: Καλλιδίκη, romanized: Kallidíkē, lit. 'beautiful justice') is a feminine name attributed to several individuals.
* Callidice, an Eleusinian princess as one of the daughters of King Celeus and Metaneira, sister of Cleisidice, Demo and Callithoe.
* Callidice, one of the Danaids. She married (and killed) Pandion, son of Aegyptus
* Callidice, queen of Thesprotia and wife of Odysseus. She and Odysseus had a son Polypoetes. According to the Telegony, Odysseus was sent on another voyage by the gods after killing all of Penelope's suitors. When Callidice died, Odysseus returned home to Ithaca, leaving their son to rule.
# The Folly of Fools

The Folly of Fools: The Logic of Deceit and Self-Deception in Human Life (2011, Basic Books, ISBN 0465027555) by Robert Trivers is a book that examines the evolutionary explanations for deceit and self-deception. Trivers focuses primarily on humans but he includes examples from many other organisms as well. Trivers' starting point is to illustrate that self-deception is something of an evolutionary puzzle. While the evolutionary benefits to deceiving other organisms are obvious at first glance it seems highly counter-intuitive to think that it could ever be in the evolutionary interest of an organism to deceive itself.
In the book Trivers discusses the evolutionary reasons for animals engaging in self-deception. He provides numerous examples of this both at the individual level and at the societal level, eventually discussing examples of self-deception in the history of the United States and Israel.
The essence of his analysis is that "the primary reason we fool ourselves is to fool others". Humans are exceptionally good at picking up various verbal and physical cues (e.g., speech intonation, eye movements,...) that indicate when another human is practicing deception. There are many situations such as playing "chicken" and seeing who will back down first, where it can actually benefit an organism to deceive itself, by so doing the organism can better deceive others.

## Reception

Richard Dawkins greeted the book with great praise, saying:
   This is a remarkable book, by a uniquely brilliant scientist. Robert Trivers has a track record of producing highly original ideas, which have gone on to stimulate much research. His Darwinian theory of self-deception is arguably his most provocative and interesting idea so far. The book is enlivened by Trivers’ candid personal style, and is a pleasure to read. Strongly recommended.
Other reviewers were more moderate. John Horgan in the New York Times was mostly positive in his evaluation of the ideas and evidence that Trivers put forward but said of Trivers' writing style:
   Trivers is not an elegant stylist like Dawkins, Wilson or Pinker. His technical explanations can be murky, his political rants cartoonishly crude.
# Chah Quski

Chah Quski (Persian: چاه قوسكي, also Romanized as Chāh Qūskī) is a village in Sharifabad Rural District, in the Central District of Sirjan County, Kerman Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 62, with 18 families.
# Kheyrabad-e Kaffah

Kheyrabad-e Kaffah (Persian: خيرابادكفه, also Romanized as Kheyrābād-e Kaffah; also known as Khairābād and Kheyrābād) is a village in Sharifabad Rural District, in the Central District of Sirjan County, Kerman Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 107, in 33 families.