# List of Canadian nurses who died in World War I

This is a list of Canadian nurses who died during World War I. Canadian nurses were given the nickname "Bluebirds," because of their blue dresses and white veils. Out of the over three thousand Canadian nurses who volunteered their services 53 nurses died while serving their country. The military history of Canadian nurses during World War I began on August 4, 1914, when the United Kingdom entered the First World War (1914–1918) by declaring war on Germany. The British declaration of war automatically brought Canada into the war, because of Canada's legal status as a British Dominion which left foreign policy decisions in the hands of the British parliament.
When Canada entered the war there were five Permanent Force nurses and 57 listed in reserve. By 1917 the Canadian Army Nursing Service included 2,030 nurses, of which 1,886 were overseas, with 203 on reserve. By the end of the war, 3,141 had enlisted. The First World War had Casualty Clearing Station, an advance unit, that was close to the front line. Being near the front these stations were often bombed or hit by artillery. In one such incident in May 1918 a number of nurses were killed when the building they were tending wounded was bombed by Imperial German Aircraft. In another incident, on June 27, 1918, 14 nurses were killed when their hospital ship Hospital Ship HMHS Llandovery Castle was torpedoed while travelling from Halifax, Nova Scotia, to Liverpool, England.
War wasn't the only threat to nurses as at least six died in late 1918 of "pneumonia," probably related to the Spanish flu which raged throughout the world during the winter of 1918/1919.

## List of Canadian nurses who died during WWI

| No. | Name | Unit | Division | Age | Date of death | Circumstances of death | Place of death | Ref(s) |
| 1 | Agnes Estelle Alpaugh | Canadian Army Medical Corps | | 27 | October 12, 1918 | | | |
| 2 | Dorothy Mary Yarwood Baldwin | Canadian Army Nursing Service | 3 Stationary Hospital | 26 | May 30, 1918 | Killed during a bombing raid | Raid at Doulens, France | |
| 3 | Margaret Elisa Baker | Canadian Army Medical Corps | | 45 | May 30, 1919 | | Ontario, Canada | |
| 4 | Miriam Eastman Baker | Canadian Army Medical Corps | 15 General Hospital | 32 | October 17, 1918 | | UK | |
| 5 | Christina Campbell | Canadian Army Medical Corps | 5 General Hospital | 40 | June 27, 1918 | Drowning | Hospital Ship HMHS Llandovery Castle | |
| 6 | Bertha Bartlett | Newfoundland Voluntary Aid Detachment | | 23 | November 3, 1918 | | London, United Kingdom | |
| 7 | Ernestine Champagne | Canadian Army Medical Corps | 8 General Hospital | 39 | March 24, 1919 | | Quebec, Canada | |
| 8 | Ainslie St Clair Dagg | Canadian Army Medical Corps | 15 General Hospital | 26 | November 29, 1918 | Died of pneumonia | Buckinghamshire, United Kingdom | |
| 9 | Lena Aloa Davis | Canadian Army Nursing Service | 4 General Hospital | 29 | February 21, 1918 | Died of illness contracted on duty in Salonika | Greece | |
| 10 | Gertrude Donaldson (Petty) | Canadian Army Medical Corps | 1 General Hospital | 26 | July 29, 1919 | | Ontario, Canada | |
| 11 | Carola Josephine Douglas | Canadian Army Medical Corps | | | June 27, 1918 | Drowning | Hospital Ship HMHS Llandovery Castle | |
| 12 | Alexina Dussault | Canadian Army Medical Corps | | | June 27, 1918 | Drowning | Hospital Ship HMHS Llandovery Castle | |
| 13 | Agnes Florien Forneri | Canadian Army Medical Corps | 8 General Hospital | 28 | April 24, 1918 | | 12 Canadian Hospital, Bramshott, UK | |
| 14 | Minnie Aenath Follette | Canadian Army Medical Corps | | | June 27, 1918 | Drowning | Hospital Ship HMHS Llandovery Castle | |
| 15 | Margaret Jane Fortescue | Canadian Army Medical Corps | | | June 27, 1918 | Drowning | Hospital Ship HMHS Llandovery Castle | |
| 16 | Margaret Marjory (Pearl) Fraser | Canadian Army Medical Corps | | | June 27, 1918 | Drowning | Hospital Ship HMHS Llandovery Castle | |
| 17 | Christine Frederickson | Canadian Army Medical Corps | | 32 | October 28, 1918 | | Manitoba, Canada | |
| 18 | Minnie Katherine Gallaher | Canadian Army Medical Corps | | | June 27, 1918 | Drowning | Hospital Ship HMHS Llandovery Castle | |
| 19 | Sarah Ellen Garbutt | Canadian Army Nursing Service | Ontario Military Hospital | 49 | August 20, 1917 | Died of cancer | Vincent Square Hospital London | |
| 20 | Grace Mabel Grant | Canadian Army Medical Corps | | 35 | September 12, 1919 | Died of Nephritis ( inflammation of the kidneys) | Halifax | |
| 21 | Matilda Ethel Greene | Canadian Army Nursing Service | 7 General Hospital | 32 | October 9 1918 | Died of pneumonia | No 24 British General Hospital, Etaples, France | |
| 22 | Victoria Belle Hennan | Canadian Army Medical Corps | 9 General Hospital | 31 | October 23, 1918 | | Kent, United Kingdom | |
| 23 | Myrtle Margaret Hunt | Canadian Army Medical Corps | | 28 | January 16, 1918 | | Nova Scotia, Canada | |
| 24 | Jessie Brown Jaggard | Canadian Army Medical Corps | 3 Stationary Hospital | 42 | September 25, 1915 | Died through illness | West Mudros, Lemnos | |
| 25 | Lenna Mae Jenner | Canadian Army Medical Corps | | 29 | December 12, 1918 | | Kent, United Kingdom | |
| 26 | Jessie Jarvis | Canadian Army Medical Corps | | 29 | May 23, 1918 | | Nova Scotia, Canada | |
| 27 | Ida Lilian Kealy | Canadian Army Medical Corps | 1 General Hospital | 38 | March 12, 1918 | Died of pneumonia | Hampshire, United Kingdom | |
| 28 | Jessie Nelson King | Canadian Army Medical Corps | 1 General Hospital | 26 | April 4, 1919 | | Pas de Calais, France | |
| 29 | Margaret Lowe | Canadian Army Nursing Service | 1 General Hospital | 30 | May 28, 1918 | Killed during a bombing raid | Etaples, France | |
| 30 | Katherine Maud MacDonald | Canadian Army Nursing Service | 1 General Hospital | 25 | May 19, 1918 | Killed during a bombing raid | Etaples, France | |
| 31 | Agnes McDougall | Canadian Army Medical Corps | | 46 | July 18, 1919 | | Ontario, Canada | |
| 32 | Rebecca MacIntosh | Canadian Army Medical Corps | 9th Canadian General Hospital | 26 | March 7, 1919 | | Flintshire, United Kingdom | |
| 33 | Margaret Christine MacLeod | Canadian Army Medical Corps | | 32 | December 20, 1919 | | Nova Scotia, Canada | |
| 34 | Agnes MacPherson | Canadian Army Nursing Service | RRC 3 Stationary Hospital | 27 | May 30, 1918 | Killed during a bombing raid | Etaples, France | |
| 35 | Jessie Mabel McDiarmid | Canadian Army Medical Corps | 5 General Hospital | | June 27, 1918 | Drowning | Hospital Ship HMHS Llandovery Castle | |
| 36 | Rebecca Ellen McEachen | Canadian Army Medical Corps | | 32 | November 16, 1918 | | Ontario, Canada | |
| 37 | Evelyn Verrall McKay | Canadian Army Medical Corps | 3 General Hospital | 25 | November 4, 1918 | Died of pneumonia | Boulogne, France | |
| 38 | Mary Agnes McKenzie | Canadian Army Medical Corps | | 38 | June 27, 1918 | Drowning | Hospital Ship HMHS Llandovery Castle | |
| 39 | Rena McLean | Canadian Army Medical Corps | 2 Stationary Hospital | | June 27, 1918 | Drowning | Hospital Ship HMHS Llandovery Castle | |
| 40 | Henrietta Mellett | Canadian Army Medical Corps | 15 General Hospital | 34 | October 10, 1918 | Drowned when ship was torpedoed | In the Irish Sea when the RMS Leinster was sunk by SM UB-123 | |
| 41 | Mary Frances Elizabeth Munro | Canadian Army Medical Corps | 3 Stationary Hospital | 49 | September 7, 1915 | Died of Dysentery | 3 Stationary Hospital, Greece | |
| 42 | Grace Eleanor Boyd Nourse | Canadian Army Medical Corps | | 37 | February 3, 1916 | | Quebec, Canada | |
| 43 | Eden Lyal Pringle | Canadian Army Nursing Service | 3 Stationary Hospital | 24 | May 30, 1918 | Killed during a bombing raid | Doullens, France | |
| 44 | Jean Ogilvie Alport (Roberts) | Canadian Army Medical Corps | 4 General Hospital | 32 | November 13, 1918 | | Saskatchewan, Canada | |
| 45 | Nellie Grace Rogers | Canadian Army Medical Corps | | 28 | October 19, 1918 | Died of pneumonia | Davisville Hospital | |
| 46 | Elsie Gertrude Ross | Canadian Army Medical Corps | | 33 | February 26, 1916 | Died of pleuropneumonia | Ontario, Canada | |
| 47 | Ada Janet Ross | Canadian Army Medical Corps | 1 General Hospital | 50 | July 12, 1918 | Died of tuberculosis, peritonitis and pleurisy. | Derbyshire, United Kingdom | |
| 48 | Mary Belle Sampson | Canadian Army Medical Corps | | | June 27, 1918 | Drowning | Hospital Ship HMHS Llandovery Castle | |
| 49 | Gladys Irene Sare | Canadian Army Medical Corps | | | June 27, 1918 | Drowning | Hospital Ship HMHS Llandovery Castle | |
| 50 | Letitia "Etta" Sparks | Canadian Army Medical Corps | 7 General Hospital | 38 | August 20, 1917 | Died of cancer | Kitchener Military Hospital, Brighton, England | |
| 51 | Anna Irene Stamers | Canadian Army Medical Corps | | | June 27, 1918 | Drowning | Hospital Ship HMHS Llandovery Castle | |
| 52 | Jean Templeman | Canadian Army Medical Corps | | | June 27, 1918 | Drowning | Hospital Ship HMHS Llandovery Castle | |
| 53 | Alice Louise Trusdale | Canadian Army Medical Corps | | 26 | September 12, 1919 | | Ontario, Canada | |
| 54 | Addie Allen (Adruenna) Tupper | Canadian Army Medical Corps | 2 General Hospital | 46 | December 9, 1916 | Died of pneumonia | Middlesex, United Kingdom | |
| 55 | Pearson Twist | Canadian Military V.A.D. | | 33 | September 26, 1918 | | | |
| 56 | Gladys Maude Mary Wake | Canadian Army Nursing Service | 1 General Hospital | 34 | May 21, 1918 | Died of wounds | Etaples, France | [23] [40] |
| 57 | Anna Elizabeth Whitely | Canadian Army Nursing Service | 10 Stationary Hospital | 46 | April 21, 1918 | | Boulogne, France | |

## Other Allied nations

Out of the 3,141 nurses who served during World War I, 53 died. Below are other nations and their nurse casualties.
| Nationality | Number of nurses killed | Notes | Total nurses enlisted | References |
| Australia | 29 | 29 Australian nurses died from disease or injuries; 25 of these died on active service, and 4 died in Australia from injuries or illness sustained during their service | 2562 (Officially 2139 nurses served overseas and 423 in Australia but as many as 5000 may have served according to some reports.) | |
| New Zealand | 16 | 16 New Zealand nurses died during the war, including 10 who died in the sinking of the hospital ship SS Marquette. | 550 | |