OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# One-electron universe

The one-electron universe postulate, proposed by theoretical physicist John Wheeler in a telephone call to Richard Feynman in the spring of 1940, is the hypothesis that all electrons and positrons are actually manifestations of a single entity moving backwards and forwards in time. According to Feynman:
   I received a telephone call one day at the graduate college at Princeton from Professor Wheeler, in which he said, "Feynman, I know why all electrons have the same charge and the same mass" "Why?" "Because, they are all the same electron!"
A similar "zigzag world line description of pair annihilation" was independently devised by E. C. G. Stueckelberg at the same time.

## Overview

The idea is based on the world lines traced out across spacetime by every electron. Rather than have myriad such lines, Wheeler suggested that they could all be parts of one single line like a huge tangled knot, traced out by the one electron. Any given moment in time is represented by a slice across spacetime, and would meet the knotted line a great many times. Each such meeting point represents a real electron at that moment.
At those points, half the lines will be directed forward in time and half will have looped round and be directed backwards. Wheeler suggested that these backwards sections appeared as the antiparticle to the electron, the positron.
Many more electrons have been observed than positrons, and electrons are thought to comfortably outnumber them. According to Feynman he raised this issue with Wheeler, who speculated that the missing positrons might be hidden within protons.
Feynman was struck by Wheeler's insight that antiparticles could be represented by reversed world lines, and credits this to Wheeler, saying in his Nobel speech:
   I did not take the idea that all the electrons were the same one from [Wheeler] as seriously as I took the observation that positrons could simply be represented as electrons going from the future to the past in a back section of their world lines. That, I stole!
Feynman later proposed this interpretation of the positron as an electron moving backward in time in his 1949 paper "The Theory of Positrons". Yoichiro Nambu later applied it to all production and annihilation of particle-antiparticle pairs, stating that "the eventual creation and annihilation of pairs that may occur now and then, is no creation nor annihilation, but only a change of directions of moving particles, from past to future, or from future to past."
# Cry of Alcorta

The Cry of Alcorta (Spanish: Grito de Alcorta) was an agrarian rebellion that took place in 1912 in Alcorta, Argentina. The rebels were primarily immigrants from Spain or from Italy. It began at the south of the Santa Fe Province, with requests of better working conditions and better contracts. Contracts were poor, due to land having already been claimed and staked out after the Conquest of the Desert, leaving workers with no other choice than to accept contracts not as prosperous as would be liked. Ideologically, the protesters bore no similarity to the contemporary anarchists. The protest achieved the desired goals, and the Federación Agraria Argentina was established on August 15.

## Revolt

Protests began when a rally of 2,000 Italians under the Sociedad Italiana de Alcorta (English: Italian Society of Alcorta) gathered on June 25. They refused to harvest crops until their demands were met. From there, the strike spread to Buenos Aires, Córdoba, Entre Ríos. Although the workers were discontent with the leasing system, they did not request the complete eradication of the system, only better terms. The few workers that proposed a radical goal did not prevail. On August 15, the protestors had their demands met and the Federación Agraria Argentina was founded to protect farmers.
# African National Party

The African National Party (French: Parti national africain, PNA) was a political party in Chad. PNA was founded on January 30, 1960, through the merger of remnants of four parties based in the Muslim-dominated northern Chad; African Socialist Movement, Chadian Social Action, Independent Democratic Union of Chad and Grouping of Rural and Independent Chadians. Initially, PNA held 25 seats in the National Assembly, but the party suffered from defections to the Chadian Progressive Party, first the number of MPs went down to 17 and then to ten. In April 1961, PNA merged with the Chadian Progressive Party at a Unity Congress in Abéché, forming the Union for the Progress of Chad (UPT).
This alliance became short-lived, as PNA issued their own candidate lists for elections. In 1961, PNA leaders were arrested and in January 1962 the party was banned. In 1963, the PNA leader Djibrine Kherallah declared that the PNA would not agree to dissolve itself.
# Finsk Tidskrift

Finsk Tidskrift (Swedish: Finnish Journal) is a cultural and political magazine based in Helsinki, Finland, which is published in Swedish eight times a year. It has been in circulation since 1876.

## History and profile

Founded in 1876 Finsk Tidskrift is the oldest cultural publication in Finland. It was started as a scholarly journal. The founder was Carl Gustaf Estlander, a Finnish academic and cultural activist. He also served as the editor-in-chief of the magazine from its start in 1876 to 1886. Frederika Runeberg contributed to the magazine between 1877 and 1879.
In the 1880s only 5% of its content focused on politics, and the religious topics were even less covered, just 3% of its content. Finsk Tidskrift was one of the Finnish publications which featured articles on the influence of the Jews in the American film industry and on the positive outcomes of the Jewish migration to Palestine during the pre-World War II period.
# Stuart Surridge junior

Stuart Spicer Surridge (born 28 October 1951 in Westminster) is an English former first-class cricketer active 1971–80 who played for Surrey as a wicket-keeper. He is the son of Surrey's 1950s captain Stuart Surridge.
# Dom Zalab

Dom Zalab (Persian: دم زلاب, also Romanized as Dom Zalāb) is a village in Malavi Rural District, in the Central District of Pol-e Dokhtar County, Lorestan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 27, in 5 families.
# Altice Dominicana S.A.

Altice Dominicana, S.A., formerly known as Tricom, is the second largest landline service provider in the Dominican Republic. Since 2013, it is part of the French Netherlands-based Altice. It owns and operates a major HDTV Cable TV service (which also operated under its former names "Telecable Nacional" and "Tricom") along with landline and wireless voice services. Its ISP branch offers residential bandwidth with speeds up to 300 Mbit/s and is also a national mobile network operator.

## Background

In 1988, Zona Franca de San Isidro spawned San Isidro Teleport, which was later renamed Tricom. In 1990, the company had reached an agreement with the Dominican Republic to provide communications services nationwide.

## Timeline

On May 20, 1992, the company began to implement "Long Distance Call Centers", entering the business of international long-distance services.
In 1993, Tricom sold Motorola a 40% stake in the company with a goal of improving their local and international infrastructure.
On November 17, 1994, Tricom and CODETEL connected their telephone exchanges, allowing a massive installation of residential lines. Following is the implementation of pagers, paging services, and mobile products. In 1995 the first long-distance prepaid card, "Efectiva", was made public.
In 1996, Tricom implemented Motorola's Digital Telephone services which allowed the installation of residential and business lines in just 48 hours. Amigo, the country's first prepaid wireless provider, is launched in 1997. Meanwhile, TRICOM USA is created to offer long-distance services to the Hispanic community in New York City.
In 1998, Tricom placed 5,700,000 shares of common stock in the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE), becoming the first Dominican company to be listed in the U.S. stock market.
In 1999, the company achieved 300,000 customers, becoming the leader in mobile communications in addition to servicing 68% of the country's landlines.
In 2004, the company was de-listed from the NYSE.
On June 5, 2012, Tricom announced their intent to begin a buildout of a Hybrid fibre-coaxial network across Bayahibe, Bonao, Casa de Campo, La Romana, La Vega, San Cristóbal, San Francisco de Macorís, San Pedro de Macorís, Santiago, and Santo Domingo.
On July 4, 2012, Tricom announced they were going to begin a build out of a 4G-LTE network.
On March 13, 2013, Tricom launched a video on demand service, becoming the second Dominican provider after Claro República Dominicana to offer a VOD service.
On March 18, 2013, Tricom launched their 4G-LTE network and became the second Dominican provider after Orange to offer LTE for modems.
On May 2, 2013, Tricom launched their LTE network for mobile phones, becoming the first Dominican provider to offer LTE for mobiles.
On November 27, 2013, Orange sold its Dominican unit to Tricom's Parent company, Altice, for US$1.435 billion. The merger was approved and finalized on November 21, 2017, with the Orange and Tricom brand names permanently retired and both of Tricom's and Orange's Cellular networks integrated to Altice's own cellular network. The company began using the Altice name as their brand for their services.
# Miquel Obiols

Miquel Obiols (1945 – 27 October 2024) was a Spanish writer. He was born in Roda de Ter. He went to university to study pharmacy but finished with a degree in Romance languages. He is best known for his work for children and young adults. In 1977, he published ¡Ai, Filomena, Filomena! He was one of the creators of the first Catalan television program for children called Terra d’escudella. He went on to develop other shows for television, such as Planeta Imaginari and Juego de Niños. He also worked in the theatre; La Nit de Sant Joan de Dagoll Dagom was a stage adaptation of his book A l’inrevés.
Among his books for young readers are:
* El misterio de Buster Keaton (1980),
* El tigre de Mary Plexiglás (1987),
* Libro de las M’Alicias (1990; Kalandraka, 2009),
* 77 Histèries (1990),
* El quadre més bonic del món (2001),
* L’aigua està malalta (2002),
* Una d’indis (2002),
* Datrebil. Siete cuentos y un espejo (Espasa Calpe, 1989) (chosen by the Fundación Germán Sánchez Ruipérez as one of the best Spanish works of the 20th century)
Obiols won numerous literary prizes (Joaquim Ruyra, Ministerio de Cultura, Generalitat de Catalunya, Critici in Erba de Bologna, Crítica Serra d’Or (twice). He enjoyed the theatre, film, and painting.
Obiols died in Taradell on 27 October 2024, at the age of 79.
# Stephen Turnbull (footballer, born 1987)

Stephen Turnbull (born 7 January 1987) is an English former footballer who last played for Blyth Spartans.
He played in the Football League for Hartlepool United, Bury and Rochdale.

## Playing career

Turnbull is a central midfield player. He captained the Hartlepool youth team during the Dallas Cup in 2005 where they achieved third place, and made 22 appearances for the first team the following season, earning his first professional contract.
He joined Bury on loan in 2006, where he was picked by manager Chris Casper for their 3–1 FA Cup second round replay win at Chester City on 12 December; he was ineligible to play and Bury were therefore thrown out of the tournament. Danny Wilson recalled Turnbull to Hartlepool soon after this. He spent March 2007 on loan at Rochdale, playing in four matches.
After leaving Hartlepool at the end of the 2007–08 season, he signed for Gateshead on 2 June 2008, teaming up with his brother. He was released by Gateshead on 14 May 2009 and signed for neighbours Blyth Spartans. Whilst at the club he was awarded the 2010–11 Supporters Player of the year award.
In May 2011 he joined Harrogate Town, but left in February 2012 to move to Australia.
In February 2013, Turnbull returned to England and rejoined Blyth Spartans. He played part-time and worked in the engine room of a cruise ship. He then left Spartans to join Shildon at the end of the 2013–14 season. In September 2014, he started his third spell at Blyth. In the 2014–15 season, he scored seven goals for the Spartans, one of them the famous free-kick at Hartlepool United in the second round of the FA Cup. He helped Blyth get to the third round proper as well as win the Northumberland Senior Cup. As of 22 August he has played a total of 150 appearances in three spells at Blyth Spartans. He announced on 1 February 2017, that he'd be ending his playing career to work full-time on the cruise-liner. He stated that, while he'd be back in England from "time-to-time", it was "largely the end" of his playing career.

## Personal life

He is the twin brother of fellow midfielder Phil Turnbull who he played alongside at Hartlepool and Gateshead.
# Fatao

Fatao is an urban commune and small town in the Cercle of Diéma in the Kayes Region of western Mali. In the 2009 census the commune had a population of 9,239.
# Zakef gadol

Zakef gadol :
| זָקֵף גָּד֕וֹל‎ ֕‎ וְלִרְא֕וֹת‎ |||||
| cantillation |||||
| Sof passuk | ׃‎ | Paseq | ׀‎ |
| Etnakhta/atnakh | ֑‎ | Segol | ֒‎ |
| Shalshelet | ֓‎ | Zakef katan | ֔‎ |
| Zakef gadol | ֕‎ | Tifcha/tarkha | ֖‎ |
| Rivia | ֗‎ | Zarka | ֘‎ |
| Pashta | ֙‎ | Yetiv | ֚‎ |
| Tevir | ֛‎ | Geresh | ֜‎ |
| Geresh muqdam [de] | ֝‎ | Gershayim | ֞‎ |
| Karne parah | ֟‎ | Telisha gedola/talsha | ֠‎ |
| Pazer | ֡‎ | Atnah hafukh [de] | ֢‎ |
| Munakh/shofar holekh | ֣‎ | Mahpach | ֤‎ |
| Merkha/ma’arikh | ֥‎ | Mercha kefula | ֦‎ |
| Darga | ֧‎ | Qadma | ֨‎ |
| Telisha qetana/tarsa | ֩‎ | Yerah ben yomo | ֪‎ |
| Ole | ֫‎ | Illuy | ֬‎ |
| Dehi [de] | ֭‎ | Tsinnorit | ֮‎ |
| viewtalkedit |||||
Zakef Gadol (Hebrew: זָקֵף גָּדוֹל, with variant English spellings) is a cantillation mark that is commonly found in the Torah and Haftarah. It is represented by a vertical line on the left and two dots one on top of the other on the right.
The Zakef gadol is one of two versions of the Zakef trope. The other is the Zakef katan, part of the Katan group. A zakef segment, which includes either a zakef gadol or katan, will either be followed by another zakef segment or the Etnachta group, usually starting with a Mercha.
The Zakef gadol generally functions as a separator between two segments of a verse. Words that bear the zakef gadol are generally short with no preceding conjunctive. It is used in situations where a Zakef katon would be expected, but where there is only a single word.
The Hebrew word זָקֵף translates into English as upright. גָּדוֹל translates as large.

## Total occurrences

| Book | Number of appearances |
| Torah | 524 |
| Genesis | 175 |
| Exodus | 99 |
| Leviticus | 56 |
| Numbers | 125 |
| Deuteronomy | 69 |
| Nevi'im | 395 |
| Ketuvim | 312 |
# Trinity Church (Karlskrona)

The Trinity Church (Swedish: Trefaldighetskyrkan, alternate, "German Church") is located at Karlskrona in Blekinge, Sweden. Along with the Fredrik Church (Fredrikskyrkan), the church is situated in the main square, (Stortorget), at the center of the island of Trossö.
The church was built in Baroque architecture for the town's German-speaking population. The first foundation stone was set in 1697. The church was inaugurated on June 27, 1709. The church was designed by architect Nicodemus Tessin the Younger 1654–1728). The structure includes a domed rotunda. At the time of the citywide fire in Karlskrona in 1790 the church burned and only the walls remained. The church was rebuilt after the original drawings.
After the fire in 1790, only the severely damaged outer walls remained. In 1791, architect Olof Tempelman (1745-1816) was commissioned to draw up proposals for the reconstruction of the church. His simplification of architectural details for the exterior of the church resulted in a building with Neoclassical architecture style. In 1802, the church was re-inauguration. In 1814, the church interior was completed. The principal responsible for this work was Admiralty sculptor Johan Törnström (1743-1828). Most notably he created both the altarpiece and pulpit for the Church.
The church was listed as part of the Naval Port of Karlskrona on the UNESCO World Heritage List in 1998.

## Gallery

* Rotunda
* Pulpit
* Altarpiece
* Organ
# Guarenas Cathedral

The Our Lady of Copacabana Cathedral (Spanish: Catedral de Nuestra Señora de Copacabana de Guarenas) or simply Cathedral of Guarenas, is a religious building belonging to the Catholic Church and is located at Ambrosio Plaza Street on one side of the Bolívar Square, in the city of Guarenas, a city in the municipality Ambrosio Plaza, Miranda state, which serves as a "satellite city" of Caracas, in the South American country of Venezuela. It has objects and relics of great historical and religious value.
The first church on the site was built in rudimentary form in 1621. It was hit by an earthquake in 1766. In the early nineteenth century was rebuilt to make it much larger. in 1950 he became a major refurbishment with plans of Oreste Giovanni Della Piana. In January 1997 it is recognized as the Cathedral of the Diocese of Guarenas (Dioecesis Guarenensis) by decision of Pope John Paul II by the bull Maiori christifidelium.
As its name indicates is dedicated to the Virgin Mary in her title of Our Lady of Copacabana, whose veneration has its origins in the territory that today is Bolivia and spread throughout Spanish America from 1583.
# Aytugan-Durasovo

Aytugan-Durasovo (Russian: Айтуган-Дурасово; Bashkir: Айтуған-Дурасов, Aytuğan-Durasov) is a rural locality (a village) in Tenyayevsky Selsoviet, Fyodorovsky District, Bashkortostan, Russia. The population was 38 as of 2010. There are 3 streets.

## Geography

Aytugan-Durasovo is located 14 km northwest of Fyodorovka (the district's administrative centre) by road. Verkhnyaya Mityukovka is the nearest rural locality.
# Talares

The Talares (Ancient Greek: Τάλαρες) were a Molossian people of ancient Epirus, extinct in the time of Strabo. Their capital was probably Oxyneia.
# Stevan Walton

Stevan Walton (born 23 April 1985 in Bromsgrove) is a shooter from Redditch who won a gold medal in Commonwealth Games held from 3–14 October 2010 in Delhi, India. He won, with Steven Scott, the men's double trap pairs event on 6 October 2010.
Walton was introduced to shooting by his godfather, who owned a shooting ground. From here he participated in county shooting and then advanced to national shooting.
# James Clark (footballer, born 2001)

James Clark (born 5 September 2001) is an English professional footballer who plays as a full back for Beaconsfield Town.

## Career

Clark began his career at Queens Park Rangers at the age of 9, later moving to Brentford at the age of 12 before playing with Leatherhead and Chelsea. He left Chelsea in the summer of 2020, signing with Wycombe Wanderers in November 2020 following a trial on a contract until the end of the 2020–21 season. On 12 May 2021 it was announced that his contract would be extended for a further 6 months. On 26 November 2021, Clark joined Southern League Premier Division South side Beaconsfield Town on loan until 3 January 2022. On 5 January 2022, Clark left Wycombe Wanderers following the expiration of his contract.
On 17 January 2022, Clark returned to Beaconsfield Town on a permanent basis.
# Hazelwood Integrated College

Hazelwood Integrated College is an integrated secondary school in Newtownabbey, County Antrim, Northern Ireland. The school's students are aged from 11 to 18 years. As of September 2018, the school's principal was Ms Máire Thompson.

## Context

Integrated Education is a Northern Ireland phenomenon, where traditionally schools were sectarian, either run as Catholic schools or Protestant schools. On as parental request, a school could apply to 'transition' to become Grant Maintained offering 30% of the school places to students from the minority community. Lagan College was the first integrated school to open in 1981.

## History

Hazelwood Integrated College was founded in 1985. The initial intake of students was 17. The college acquired the former premises of Graymount Girls' School in June 1986 and increased its intake of students to 70. On August 31, 1988 the college was granted "maintained" status. Following a visit by the Minister of State for Education, Michael Ancram in May 1994, the college was awarded a grant of £9.9 million in order to build new school premises. The work was completed in 1999, at which time the college moved into its current state-of-the-art buildings.
In 2007, Hazelwood College became the first school in Northern Ireland to be awarded specialist status in digital arts. The school's motto is Latin: Facta Non Verba; translated into English as Deeds not words.
In 2016 the school gained positive publicity in the press regarding its policy of inclusiveness and awareness of LGBT issues. In the same year the College achieved its best ever set of GCSE results with 87% of students achieving Grade A*-C.
In August 2017 it was announced that TV and film producer Emma-Rosa Dias and screenwriter David McCrea, both alumni of Hazelwood, had returned to the college to shoot scenes for a short film being made for RTÉ.
Twice the college has been nominated in the TES schools awards.
The school was awarded “Secondary School of the Year” in June 2022 by TES.

## Campus

Hazelwood Integrated College consists of four main buildings. The Millennium Building, The Assembly Building, Graymount House and Cedar Lodge. Graymount House is notable for its long history. It is a regency house with neo-classical detailing designed by Thomas Jackson in 1835 and opened by linen merchant William Gray in 1919. The House was bought by the Belfast Corporation for the municipal hospital for Tuberculosis children. It then served as the headquarters for the auxiliary fire service during WW2. It reopened in 1945 as Graymount Girls' School. Today it serves as the college's administrative center.

## Academics

In 2021, 83 per cent of students achieved three A* to C grades in the GCSE A-level examinations. In the same year, 96 per cent of students obtained five or more GCSE grades A*-C.

## Notable alumni

* Oliver Jeffers (b. 1977), artist, illustrator and writer
* Emma-Rosa Dias, TV and film producer