OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# USS Catskill (1862)

USS Catskill was a monitor built for the United States Navy during the American Civil War. She continued to serve the Navy after the war's end until decommissioned in 1898 after the end of the Spanish–American War.

## Service history
### Civil War

USS Catskill—a single-turreted Passaic-class monitor—was launched on December 16, 1862, by Continental Iron Works, Greenpoint, New York; outfitted at New York Navy Yard; commissioned on February 24, 1863, Commander George Washington Rodgers in command; and reported to the South Atlantic Blockading Squadron.
Catskill reported for duty at Port Royal, South Carolina on March 5, 1863, and for the remainder of the war operated off Charleston, South Carolina. Catskill was damaged by Confederate gunfire during the 7 April attack on Fort Sumter that demonstrated both the strengths of well-defended fortifications and the limitations of monitor-type ironclads. That began the lengthy series of operations against the strongly fortified and stoutly defended harbor.
From July–September 1863, Catskill repeatedly took part in attacks on the batteries and forts protecting Charleston from the sea. Rodgers was killed in action on 17 August, while directing the fire of his ship against Charleston's forts. The ship was hit by Confederate gunfire on several occasions, but skillful work by her crew—now under the command of Lieutenant Commander Edward Barrett—returned her to action without returning for repairs.
Catskill destroyed the grounded blockade runner Prince Albert off Fort Moultrie on August 9, 1864. When Charleston was evacuated on 18 February 1865, she boarded and took possession of the grounded blockade runner, Deer, and later in that day raised the flag over another grounded steamer, Celt.

### Later career

Relieved from duty, Catskill cleared Charleston on July 13, and sailed to the Philadelphia Navy Yard, where she was decommissioned on 26 July. Here she remained in ordinary until 1873. During that time, she was briefly renamed Goliath (June 15 – August 10, 1869). Repaired at New York during 1874 and 1875, Catskill joined the North Atlantic Squadron, with whom she cruised along the northeast coast from March 4, 1876 – November 5, 1877. From 1878 to 1895, Catskill was in ordinary at various anchorages in Virginia, and from 1895 to 1898 in ordinary at Philadelphia's League Island Navy Yard.
Upon the outbreak of the Spanish–American War, Catskill was recommissioned for patrol duty in New England waters. This lasted from April 16 – September 22, 1898, after which Catskill returned to League Island until sold on 4 December 1901.
# Cashmere (painting)

Cashmere (French: cachemire) is an oil painting by the American artist John Singer Sargent, currently in a private collection. It was completed in c.1908. The dimensions of the painting are 71.1 by 109.2 centimeters (28.0 in × 43.0 in).

## Description

The painting is of Sargent's niece, Reine Ormond, in an exotic cashmere shawl in seven different poses. Reine would have been about 11 years old. It was painted by Sargent when he was on holiday in the Italian Alps. Though the style is quite different, the representation of successive moments of a movement resembles Marcel Duchamp's 1912 Nude Descending a Staircase.
# Beorhtric of Wessex

Beorhtric (meaning "magnificent ruler"; also spelled Brihtric) (died 802) was the King of Wessex from 786 to 802, succeeding Cynewulf. During his rule, however, his wife and father-in-law had most of the power.

## Early life

The names of his parents are unknown but the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle claims that he was descended from Cerdic.
In 786, Cynewulf, the King of Wessex, was killed by Cyneheard, brother of the former King Sigeberht. Cyneheard died soon after.

## Reign
### Becoming king

Either with the help of his close ally Offa, the King of Mercia, or quickly coming under his influence, Beorhtric became King of Wessex in 786, but he had to still contend the throne with Ecgberht whom Beorhtric and Offa drove to exile.
In 787, Beorhtric held the Synod of Chelsea jointly with Offa, and in 789, he married one of Offa's daughters, Eadburh.
Also in 789, it was during Beorhtric's reign that the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle recorded the first Viking raids in England. The Vikings landed on the Dorset coast, near the Isle of Portland, where they killed a royal official, Beaduheard, the shire reeve, as he is said to have thought that they were traders.
Land that had traditionally been on the borders of Mercia and Wessex was administered by the Mercian court, as is seen in Charters of Offa, and his son Ecgfrith. West Saxons seem to have used Offa's currency: a recent survey of early medieval single coin finds reveals a trail of Offa pennies running from the Upper Thames to Wareham, a site connected with Beorhtric.
After Offa died in 796, Mercian power over England was weakened, and Beorhtric may have exercised more independence during this period. The only two West Saxon coins to have survived from Beorhtric's reign were produced at this time, suggesting that he had established a new mint. One of these coins was found in 1854, two miles outside of Andover. Within a few years, Offa's successor, Coenwulf, had restored Mercia's position. After 799, Beorhtric's relationship with the Mercians seems to have been similar to the situation before Offa's death.

### Death

In later years, Asser, a scholar at Alfred the Great's court, recorded the story that Beorhtric had died from being accidentally poisoned by his wife, Eadburh. She fled to a nunnery in Francia, from which she was later ejected after being found with a man. The provenance of this story is dubious. The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle records that Beorhtric was buried at Wareham in 802, possibly at the church of Lady St. Mary. Beorhtric was succeeded by Ecgberht who was recalled from exile.
# Boa catshark

The boa catshark (Scyliorhinus boa) is a catshark of the family Scyliorhinidae. It is found on the continental shelves and insular slopes of the Caribbean Sea and the Gulf of Mexico, between latitudes 20° N and 9° N, at depths between 330 and 675 m. It can grow up to a length of 54 cm. The reproduction of this catshark is oviparous.

## Description

The boa catshark is a fairly small, slender but deep-bodied species that can grow to a length of about 54 cm (21 in). The front nasal flaps do not extend as far as the mouth, which has grooves on the lower lip only, and there are no nasoral grooves. The first dorsal fin has its origin just behind the rear end of the pelvic fin; there is a wide gap between it and the second dorsal fin, which is much smaller and has its origin above the posterior part of the pelvic fin. The skin is only slightly rough and the placoid scales are small. The background colour of the dorsal surface and flanks is pale yellowish-brown. The markings consist of a number of rather indistinct rectangular grey patches and saddles which are outlined with small black spots. Other black spots sometimes form net-like rows but these are seldom superimposed on the grey patches. There is sometimes a scattering of white spots also.

## Distribution

The boa catshark is native to the tropical western Atlantic Ocean and the Caribbean Sea; it is found near the seabed on the continental shelves and insular slopes of the region between about 20°N and 9°N. It is a deepwater species, occurring at depths between about 329 and 676 m (1,080 and 2,220 ft).

## Ecology

This catshark has been little studied. It is oviparous, laying a pair of eggs, with the embryos feeding on the yolk as they develop.

## Status

As a deepwater species, the boa catshark lives below the depths at which commercial trawling takes place in the Caribbean region. The fish does not seem to face any particular threats and the International Union for Conservation of Nature has assessed its conservation status as being of "least concern".
# Yangi-Aul, Kuyurgazinsky District, Republic of Bashkortostan

Yangi-Aul (Russian: Янги-Аул; Bashkir: Яңауыл, Yañawıl) is a rural locality (a khutor) in Bakhmutsky Selsoviet, Kuyurgazinsky District, Bashkortostan, Russia. The population was 15 as of 2010. There is 1 street.

## Geography

Yangi-Aul is located 14 km southeast of Yermolayevo (the district's administrative centre) by road. Bakhmut is the nearest rural locality.
# USS American (1861)

USS American was a bark of 329 tons, a former whaler, purchased 1 November 1861 at Edgartown, Massachusetts for the Stone Fleet at a cost of $3,370. She left New Bedford, Massachusetts on 20 November 1861, and was intentionally sunk as an obstruction to shipping in the main channel of the harbor of Charleston, South Carolina on 20 December 1861. This ship has sometimes been recorded as America.
Originally planned to have been sunk in the harbor of Savannah, Georgia, when the whalers began to arrive in waters off Savannah, they found the Southern defenders of that port had been alarmed by the Union Army conquest of Port Royal, South Carolina, and had decided to evacuate Tybee Island and relocate its batteries to Fort Pulaski. Moreover, to prevent Northern warships from bringing their guns within range of the latter stronghold, they had sunk old hulks in narrow points of the channel and, ironically, had already carried out the mission of Union's stone bearing whalers. As a result, American and most of her consorts sailed for Port Royal on the 10th and 11th. There, Flag Officer DuPont decided that these ships could be put to good use as obstructions in the main channel in Charleston Harbor. They were moved to that port, and American was sunk in the main channel there on 20 December 1861.
# HMS Legion (1914)

HMS Legion was a Laforey-class destroyer built for the Royal Navy during the 1910s.

## Description

The Laforey class were improved and faster versions of the preceding Acasta class. They displaced 965–1,010 long tons (980–1,026 t). The ships had an overall length of 268 feet 10 inches (81.9 m), a beam of 27 feet 8 inches (8.4 m) and a draught of 10 feet 6 inches (3.2 m). Legion was powered by two Parsons direct-drive steam turbines, each driving one propeller shaft, using steam provided by four Yarrow boilers. The turbines developed a total of 24,500 shaft horsepower (18,300 kW) and gave a maximum speed of 29 knots (54 km/h; 33 mph). The ships carried a maximum of 280 long tons (280 t) of fuel oil that gave them a range of 1,750 nautical miles (3,240 km; 2,010 mi) at 15 knots (28 km/h; 17 mph). The ships' complement was 74 officers and ratings.
The ships were armed with three single QF 4-inch (102 mm) Mark IV guns and two QF 1.5-pounder (37 mm) anti-aircraft guns. These latter guns were later replaced by a pair of QF 2-pounder (40 mm) "pom-pom" anti-aircraft guns. The ships were also fitted with two above-water twin mounts for 21-inch (533 mm) torpedoes. They were equipped with rails to carry four Vickers Elia Mk IV mines, although these rails were never used.

## Construction and service

Legion was constructed by William Denny and Brothers. She was laid down on 19 September 1912, launched on 3 February 1914 and was completed in July 1914, joining the 3rd Destroyer Flotilla, based at The Nore following commissioning on 15 July.
She was attached to the Harwich Force and served in the North Sea. The ship saw action in several engagements, including the Battle off Texel. Legion was severely damaged by a German mine on 10 November 1916. It was decided to convert Legion to allow use for minelaying while under repair. Rails were fitted to allow the carrying of up to 40 mines.
# Abd-ol Seyyed, Ahvaz

Abd-ol Seyyed (Persian: عبدالسيد, also Romanized as ʿAbd-ol Seyyed) is a village in Gheyzaniyeh Rural District, in the Central District of Ahvaz County, Khuzestan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 75, in 13 families.
# HMS Sparrow (U71)

HMS Sparrow was a modified Black Swan-class sloop of the Royal Navy. She was laid down by William Denny and Brothers, Dumbarton on 30 November 1944, launched on 16 February 1946 and commissioned on 16 December 1946, with the pennant number U71.

## Construction and career

Commissioned in 1946, she therefore did not experience the fighting of the Second World War.
HMS Sparrow served in the Royal Navy for the North America and West Indies Station. She remained at this station outside of returning to the United Kingdom for a return to service until 1953, when he left for the Far East to join the 3rd flotilla of frigates. Her brief service there includes a period of service with the Royal Navy elements of the UN Task Force deployed off the west coast of Korea.
In January 1951, after the end of the Korean War, he was redeployed to the South Atlantic until March 1956 when he returned to the United Kingdom to be transferred to the Portsmouth reserve. Registered on the withdrawal list in 1957, it was sold to BISCO for dismantling by Metal Industries and arrived at the demolition site in Charlestown on 26 May 1958.
# USS Silica

USS Silica (IX-151), a Trefoil-class concrete barge designated an unclassified miscellaneous vessel, was the only ship of the United States Navy to be named for silica. Her keel was laid down as SS Bauxite (T. B7-D1, MC hull 1331) on 5 December 1943 by Barrett & Hilp, Belair Shipyard, San Francisco, California. She was launched on 31 December 1943 sponsored by Mrs. William O'Neill, and acquired by the Navy and commissioned on 8 June 1944.

## Service history
### World War II, 1944–45

Silica was acquired for use as a store ship to be used to provide general supplies at advance bases. She was assigned to Service Squadron 8, Service Force, Pacific Fleet. On 30 June, Gulf Star took her in tow at San Francisco and departed for Pearl Harbor, arriving on 13 July. Three days later, the barge was towed to Eniwetok. Megrez (AK-126) towed her from there to Ulithi where she remained from 16 October 1944 to 7 May 1945. Serrano (ATF-112) towed her to the Philippine Islands where she remained until August when she was towed to Okinawa.

### Wrecked by a typhoon

Silica was driven aground in Buckner Bay on 9 October 1945 by Typhoon Louise. A Board of Inquiry found her damaged beyond economical repair and recommended that she be destroyed or sunk in deep water. Silica was decommissioned on 30 November 1945 and struck from the Naval Vessel Register on 3 January 1946.
# Hong Son-ok

Hong Son-ok (Korean: 홍선옥, born 28 March 1950) is a senior North Korean politician. She has served as the Vice Chairwoman of the Presidium of the Supreme People's Assembly (SPA) and Chairwoman of the Committee for Cultural Relations with Foreign Countries. These posts took her to many foreign countries and meetings with foreign dignitaries. In 2013 she became the first female to be appointed Secretary General of the SPA Presidium. She served in that capacity until 2018. Hong has chaired many of North Korea's friendship associations with foreign countries.

## Early life

Hong Son-ok was born on 28 March 1950 in North Pyongan Province. Her father was Hong Won-gil. She attended Kim Il Sung University and graduated from the University of International Affairs [ko].

## Career

Early in her career, Hong was the Vice Chairwoman of the Presidium of the Supreme People's Assembly (SPA) and Vice Chairwoman of the Committee for Cultural Relations with Foreign Countries. She met many foreign dignitaries and traveled abroad in these posts.
Later, Hong served as the Secretary General of the SPA Presidium, replacing . She was appointed on 1 April 2013 at the seventh session of the 12th SPA, replacing Thae Hyong-chol. She was re-appointed to the same post on 9 April 2014 after the 2014 North Korean parliamentary election. Hong was the first female ever in that role, prompting Michael Madden of 38 North to write: "While Secretary-General is a largely ceremonial position, her appointment may point to a new emphasis on women as key players in the DPRK's relatively male-dominated political culture." Hong was replaced by Jong Yong-guk [ko] as the Secretary General on 11 April 2018 at the sixth session of the 13th SPA.
Hong was elected to the SPA in 2003 (187th electoral district), 2009 (230th), and most recently in 2014 (64th electoral district in Ryokpho).
Hong is a full member of the 7th Central Committee of the Workers' Party of Korea since May 2016.
Hong is the Chairwoman of the Committee for Comfort Women and Victims of the Pacific War Compensation since February 2000, where she had already served before as a permanent member. She is also the Vice Chairman of the Socialist Women's Union of Korea. Hong was previously the head of the Reunification Office of the Armament Reduction and Peace Institute from November 1991.
Hong has headed many of North Korea's friendship associations. She was previously chairwoman of North Korea's friendship associations with Indonesia and Austria, and vice chairwoman in associations dealing with relations with Pakistan, and China. She currently heads the German and Russian friendship associations and is the vice chairwoman of the association with Finland. She has been chairwoman of the friendship association with Switzerland since December 2009, vice chairwoman of the friendship association with Poland since November 2006, and vice chairwoman of the friendship association with Bulgaria since March 2006.
In 2015, she was on the funeral committee of Ri Ul-sol.
# 16th Japan Film Professional Awards

The 16th Japan Film Professional Awards (第16回日本映画プロフェッショナル大賞) is the 16th edition of the Japan Film Professional Awards. Films of 2006 were eligible, with a focus on independent works not released by major distribution companies. An award ceremony did not take place.

## Awards

* Best Film: Yokohama Mary [jp]
* Best Director: Miwa Nishikawa (Sway)
* Best Actress: Miki Nakatani (Memories of Matsuko, Loft)
* Best Actor: Etsushi Toyokawa (Yawarakai Seikatsu [jp], Loft, Hula Girls)
* Best New Director: Takayuki Nakamura (Yokohama Mary [jp])
* Special: Ryūichi Hiroki (Yawarakai Seikatsu [jp], Koi Suru Nichiyōbi [jp])
* Special: Akio Jissoji (For Silver Kamen and his longtime work.)
* Popularity: Kaori Momoi (For strenuous efforts for her directorial debut film.)

## 10 best films

* Yokohama Mary (Takayuki Nakamura)
* Sway (Miwa Nishikawa)
* Yawarakai Seikatsu [jp] (Ryūichi Hiroki)
* Kamome Shokudo (Naoko Ogigami)
* Strawberry Shortcakes (Hitoshi Yazaki [jp])
* Memories of Matsuko (Tetsuya Nakashima)
* Kamyu Nante Shiranai [jp] (Mitsuo Yanagimachi)
* Loft (Kiyoshi Kurosawa)
* Noriko's Dinner Table (Sion Sono)
* Mamiya kyodai (Yoshimitsu Morita)
# Saldanha catshark

The Saldanha catshark (Apristurus saldanha) is a species of shark belonging to the family Pentanchidae, the deepwater catsharks. This catshark is found from Cape Columbine to south of False Bay in South Africa, between 31 and 40°S. Its length is up to 88 cm (35 in). It is a plain, dark grey-brown, stout catshark, with moderately large eyes, a broad snout, and large pectoral fins.
# Dewdney Peak

Dewdney Peak, also known unofficially as Hatzic Mountain, is the southwesternmost summit of the Douglas Ranges in the Lower Mainland of southern British Columbia, Canada. Dewdney Peak is located east of Hatzic Prairie and north of Dewdney, British Columbia, from whence it got its name.

## Recreation

Dewdney Peak can be hiked via two trails on the east side of Dewdney Peak, accessed via the Norrish Creek Forest Service Road to the immediate east of the peak. The hike to the summit of Dewdney Peak - "The Dewdney Grind" - allows access to a memorial cabin named for Ben Von Hardenberg, a local firefighter who perished in a helicopter accident in 2003.
# Cassius Dionysius

Cassius Dionysius of Utica (Ancient Greek: Διονύσιος ὁ Ἰτυκαῖος) was an ancient Greek agricultural writer of the 2nd century BC. The Roman nomen, Cassius, combined with the Greek cognomen, Dionysius, make it likely that he was a slave (perhaps a prisoner of war), originally Greek-speaking, who was owned and afterwards freed by a Roman of the gens Cassia. Cassius Dionysius compiled a farming manual in Greek, now lost. Its title was Georgika ("Agriculture"); it was divided into twenty books, and was dedicated by its author to the Roman praetor Sextilius.
According to Columella, who referred to the work in his own surviving De Agricultura ("On Farming"), an amount equivalent to eight books of Cassius Dionysius' work, two-fifths of the whole, was translated from a preceding work in Punic by Mago. After Rome's destruction of Carthage in 146 BC, the Carthaginian libraries were given to the kings of Numidia, but Mago's work was considered too important to lose. It was brought to Rome and Decimus Junius Silanus was commissioned by the Roman Senate to translate it into Latin. Whether Cassius Dionysius worked independently, or on the basis of Silanus's work, is not known; however, his residence in Utica, in formerly Carthaginian north Africa, leads to the suggestion that he knew Punic as well as Greek and Latin.
Cassius Dionysius's compilation is occasionally cited by later authors, but its length rendered it unpopular. It was soon afterwards abridged by Diophanes of Nicaea, whose version was divided into six books.
The following is a partial list of fragments of Cassius Dionysius' work:
* Greek names of the winds and their importance to the farmer.
* How to select labourers for hire.
* Types of manure.
* Mules sometimes foal in Africa. Mules and mares foal in the twelfth month after conception.
* Notes on farmyard animals.
* Two names for leeks.

## Footnotes

* ↑ Athenaeus, Deipnosophists, §14.59
* ↑ Pliny, Naturalis Historia 18.22 , cf. 1.18; Cicero, De Oratore 1.249; Varro, De Re Rustica 1.1.10; Columella, De Agricultura 1.1.13, 12.4.2.
* ↑ Columella, De Agricultura 1.1.10.
* ↑ Geoponica 1.11.
* ↑ Varro, De Re Rustica 1.17.3.
* ↑ Varro, De Re Rustica 1.38.
* ↑ Varro, De Re Rustica 2.1.27; Columella, De Agricultura 6.37.3.
* ↑ Varro, De Re Rustica 3.2.13.
* ↑ Athenaeus, Deipnosophistae 648e.
# Aleksandr Baryshnikov

Aleksandr Georgievich Baryshnikov (Russian: Александр Георгиевич Барышников, 11 November 1948 – 15 September 2024) was a Soviet athlete who competed mainly in the shot put. He trained at Dynamo in Leningrad.

## Life and career

Baryshnikov competed for the USSR in the 1976 Summer Olympics held in Montreal, Quebec, Canada in the Shot Put where he won the bronze medal. He returned four years later in the 1980 Summer Olympics held in Moscow, Soviet Union where he improved one place to second winning the silver medal.
He was awarded the Order of the Badge of Honor.
Baryshnikov died on 15 September 2024, at the age of 75.
# Medvedka

Medvedka (Russian: Медве́дка) is an urban locality (an urban-type settlement) in Gornozavodsky District of Perm Krai, Russia. Population: 370 (2010 Census); 816 (2002 Census); 1,008 (1989 Soviet census).

## History

The settlement originated at the site of diamond mining, which began here in 1946. It is mentioned in written sources since 1950.
The status of township - since 1952.
# Oxyneia

Oxyneia or Oxynia (Ancient Greek: Ὀξύνεια), or Oxynium or Oxynion (Ὀξύνιον), was a town and polis (city-state) of ancient Thessaly, situated on the Ion, a tributary of the Peneius, and perhaps the capital of the Talares. It is described by Strabo as distant 120 stadia from Azorus.
It is cited as a place that provided a theorodokos to Epidaurus in 359 BCE.
Its site in unknown. It has traditionally been located in old Meritsa, which is currently called Oxyneia but that location does not seem to be compatible with Strabo's description, like another suggested location Nea Smolia. Another place where it has been suggested that it could have been and that fits more with Strabo's data is a hill near Dasochori.
# Arbagar

Arbagar (Russian: Арбагар) is an urban locality (urban-type settlement) in Shilkinsky District of Zabaykalsky Krai, Russia. Population: 554 (2010 Census); 744 (2002 Census); 1,447 (1989 Soviet census).