OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Vilkha

Vilkha (Ukrainian: «Вільха», "Alder tree") is a Ukrainian heavy multiple rocket launcher that fires guided missiles. Designed by the Luch Design Bureau, it was based on the BM-30 Smerch rocket launch system and developed in the 2010s. Vilkha entered service in the Ukrainian armed forces in 2018.

## Operational use

The Vilkha was developed in the 2010s, based on the 1980s BM-30 Smerch. It entered service in 2018 with the Ukrainian Army. It uses two legs to stabilize the truck during firing. It has a crew of four and can fire all twelve missiles in 45 seconds. The claimed truck speed is 100 km/h using a turbocharged diesel YaMZ-7511.10 engine. The rockets that it fires are claimed to have micromotors that boost the range of the rocket and also keep it stable in flight. It has an automatic and manual fire control system.
Using the existing body of a 9M55 rocket with a range of 70 km and a 250 kg warhead, the upgraded R624 rocket adds a new solid-fuel engine, GPS-aided inertial guidance, 90 small gas rudders (holes emitting propellant) and aerodynamic vanes that extend during the final approach to achieve a circular error probable (CEP) of 10 m. The upgraded Vilkha-M uses the improved R624M rocket, which reduces warhead weight to 170 kg to reach a longer range of 130 km, though with less accuracy of 30 m CEP. Projectiles that extend range even further are in development.
The Vilkha has been seen in use with the Ukrainian Ground Forces during the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine. Ivan Vinnyk, first deputy head of the National Association of Ukrainian Defense Industries has confirmed on 1 March 2023 that “Yes, the Vilkha has been used in combat,” first used in May 2022. Vilkha-M rockets have a greater range and heavier payload compared to GMLRS rockets fired by U.S.-supplied M142 HIMARS.

## Specifications

Rocket
* Caliber: 300 mm
* Maximum range: 70 km Vilkha, 130 km Vilkha-M
* Accuracy: CEP 10 m Vilkha, CEP 30 m Vilkha-M
* Warhead weight: 250 kg Vilkha, 170 kg Vilkha-M
* Guidance: GPS/INS

## Operators

* Ukraine - Ukrainian Ground Forces
# Vysoke, Kherson Oblast

Vysoke (Ukrainian: Високе; Russian: Высокое) is a village in Beryslav Raion, Kherson Oblast, Ukraine. It was founded in 1928 as Neufeld and renamed Vysoke in 1946. Vysoke is part of Tiahynka rural hromada, one of the hromadas of Ukraine. Its population was 1,030.
# Elqar

Elqar (Persian: القار, also Romanized as Elqār, Alghār, Alqār, Ilghār, and Olqār) is a village in Kahshang Rural District, in the Central District of Birjand County, South Khorasan Province, Iran. At the 2016 census, its population was 123, in 50 families.
# Joseph Hedges (Medal of Honor)

Joseph Snively Hedges (1836 – 1910) was a Union Army soldier during the American Civil War. He received the Medal of Honor for gallantry as a First Lieutenant in the 4th U.S. Cavalry for action on December 17, 1864 near Harpeth River, Tennessee.

## Medal of Honor citation

“At the head of his regiment charged a field battery with strong infantry supports, broke the enemy's line, and, with other mounted troops, captured three guns and many prisoners.”
# Laminate (band)

Laminate were a hard rock band from Co. Wexford, Ireland. They formed in Wexford in 2003, initially as a side-project for singer/guitarist Derren Dempsey and singer/drummer Marc Hillis, both of whom were active members in other bands at the time. Having played around the local area a few times, Derren, Marc and then bassist Lee Byrne decided to leave their respective bands to concentrate purely on Laminate. They recorded a three track demo in Grouse Lodge (famed for having hosted Muse & The Manic Street Preachers among others) which was well received by Kerrang! Magazine, and received a 9 out of 10 in Rock Sound Magazine.
The band followed this with support shows with Kerbdog, Jetplane Landing and Hueman on some of their Irish dates. In early 2006, Johnny Fox was recruited for bass and vocal duties, which would complete the definitive line-up and start a new period for the band. Laminate's ever evolving sound has been described in many ways, with some calling it punk rock, others saying it's too melodic to be punk, and some seeing it simply as an eclectic blend of heavy rock music.
Following a quiet last few months in 2007 and remaining inactive gig-wise for most of 2008, Laminate announced they were to split, but not without one final three song EP which was very well received. Laminate also played two final gigs in Kilkenny and Wexford.
# Guevara, Spain

Gebara (Spanish: Guevara) is a hamlet and concejo in the municipality of Barrundia, Álava, Basque Country, Spain. It is a former municipality located on the banks of the Zadorra river.

## History

The origins of Gebara are uncertain. Koldo Mitxelena and Joaquín Gorrochategui [es] have suggested that the toponyms Gébala (Γέβαλα) and Gabálaika (Γαβάλαικα) mentioned in Ptolemy's works as cities of the Varduli could correspond to modern Gebara.
Records are mute during the early Middle Ages, with the first mention occurring in a document from the 11th century about the counts of Oñati. Gebara played an important role during the War of the Bands of the late Middle Ages as the stronghold of the Ladrón de Guevara [es] family. It was during this time that the castle [es] was built. Located on top of a hill, the castle was destroyed during the First Carlist War. The Tower-palace of Guevara is located at the foot of the hill, close to the Church of the Assumption.
The Brotherhood of Gebara (Spanish: Hermandad de Guevara) formerly administered the village of Gebara, as well as Elgea [es], Etura [es] and Urizar [es]. After the municipal reforms of the 19th century, the old brotherhood was converted into a municipality. By 1887, the municipality had been merged into Barrundia.
# Rovde Church

Rovde Church (Norwegian: Rovde kyrkje) is a parish church of the Church of Norway in the municipality of Vanylven in Møre og Romsdal county, Norway. It is located in the village of Rovdane, along the Rovdefjorden. It is the church for the Rovde parish which is part of the Søre Sunnmøre prosti (deanery) in the Diocese of Møre. The white, wooden church was built in a long church design in 1872 using plans drawn up by the architect Lars Tornæs from Ålesund. The church seats about 350 people.

## History

The earliest existing historical records of the church date back to 1589, but the church was not new that year. The first church in Rovde was a small, wooden stave church that was likely established during the 13th century. The first church was located a few meters south of the present church site. The medieval church was had a long church design with a slate roof and no tower or spire. It was one of the poorest parishes in all of Sunnmøre, not owning any property except for a few cows. Probably in the 1600s, the church was enlarged by adding a new timber-framed nave and the old nave from the stave church was converted into the new choir.
By the early 1800s, the church was in poor shape due to deterioration over time. In 1831, the centuries-old building was torn down. In 1831–1832, a new wooden church was constructed on the same site. The new church was a timber-framed long church and it was consecrated on 2 July 1832. In 1872, after only 40 years in use, the parish decided to build a new church since the old one was small and not built well. So in 1872, the church was disassembled and sold. The materials were purchased by an individual who used them to build a boathouse on nearby Sandsøya. After the old church was removed, a new church was constructed on a new site, a few meters to the northwest of the old church site. The new church was also a long church with a choir and sacristy on the east end and a church porch on the west end. It was designed by the builder Lars Tornæs from Ålesund, who presumably used the nearby Syvde Church as a model. The new building was consecrated on 2 November 1872.
# Reality Check (novel)

Reality Check is a 2009 young adult suspense novel written by Peter Abrahams. It was published on April 28, 2009, by HarperTeen (an imprint of HarperCollins). The book won the Edgar Award for Best Young Adult Novel in 2010.
The story follows Cody Laredo, the 16-year-old high school football star of a small town in Colorado, who is dating the beautiful and intellectual Clea Weston. Things begin to go wrong when Cody suffers a sports injury, putting his athletic future in jeopardy. Then, Clea's wealthy parents - against her relationship with Cody due to his poor grades and working-class background - send her away to a private boarding school in New England. Cody finds out from a newspaper headline that Clea has disappeared from her school in Vermont, and has been declared missing. With only a letter Clea sent him before her disappearance, Cody travels to Vermont to find her.
# Ibn Lahi'a

Abū Abd al-Raḥmān Abdallāh Ibn Lahīʿa ibn ʿUqba ibn Furʿān ibn Rabīʿa ibn Thawbān al-Ḥaḍramī al-Aʿdūlī (Arabic: أبوعبدالرحمن عبدالله بن لهيعة بن عقبة بن فرعان بن ربيعة بن ثوبان
الحضرمي الأعدولي) (96–174 AH) (714/5–790 AD) more commonly known as Ibn Lahi'a (إبن لهيعة), was an Arab historian, scholar of hadith and Qadi (قاضي; lit. 'judge') of Egypt. Famed for being the first judge of Egypt to be appointed directly by a caliph.

## Biography

Nothing is known about Ibn Lahi'a's early years of his life, except that he was probably born in Egypt in the year 714/5 to a family of Yemeni origin. As a historian and a collector of hadith, Ibn Lahi'a gained fame around Egypt, which at the time was part of the Abbasid Caliphate (750–1258). Due to his great reputation of being a respected learned man among his contemporaries, the Abbasid caliph al-Mansur (r. 754–775) personally appointed him to the position of Qadi of Egypt, which he occupied from 772 to 780. The caliph also issued him a payment of 30 dinars per month as a salary. He died in the year 790. According to the massive encyclopedic work Siyar A'lam al-Nubala' (سير أعلام النبلاء; lit. 'The Lives of Noble Figures') of Al-Dhahabi (d. 1348), Ibn Lahia's library and the books within, were burned in a fire which occurred in the year 786.

## Assessment

According to the historian Pavel Pavlovich, Ibn Lahi'a is among "the most disparaged second-[Islamic] century traditionists". The 9th-century historian Ibn Sa'd considered him a da'if ('weak') authority, while al-Juzajani dismissed traditions emanating from him as "unreliable", invalid for use in legal arguments or for transmission. The basis for much of the Islamic scholarly criticism of Ibn Lahi'a is frequent omission of one to three informants in his isnads (chains of transmission of historical information). The burning of his books in his house fire was dismissed by Yahya ibn Ma'in (d. 847) as the justification for Ibn Lahi'a's omissions.
# Elizabeth Rainforth

Elizabeth Rainforth (1814–1877), was a British soprano opera and concert singer, and music arranger of the 19th century.

## Biography

Elizabeth Rainforth was born in November 1814. She was the daughter of Sampson Rainforth, a custom-house officer, and she became a pupil of Tom Cooke, Domenico Crivelli, and George Perry, and subsequently, for dramatic action, of Mrs. Davison.
She first sang in public at the vocal concerts, 29 February 1836, when she sang an aria from Der Freischütz. Her success was so pronounced as to lead to an immediate engagement for the succeeding concert in March. On 27 October in the same year Miss Rainforth made her stage début as Mandane in Thomas Arne's Artaxerxes at the St James's Theatre, and for many seasons she was a popular dramatic singer at this theatre, the English Opera House, Covent Garden, and Drury Lane. At the same time her services as a concert-singer were in great demand. In 1837 she appeared in oratorio under the auspices of the Sacred Harmonic Society and in 1838 she was pictured in Bickerstaffe and Arne's Love in a Village in 1838. On 18 March 1839 she sang at the Philharmonic concerts; and in 1840 at the Concerts of Ancient Music. In 1836 and 1842 she was a principal singer at the Norwich Festival. In 1843 and 1845 her success at the Birmingham Festival and at the Worcester festival was no less emphatic; in 1844 she was performing in Dublin. On 27 November 1843 she created the role of Arline in Balfe's The Bohemian Girl.
Rainforth appears to have been responsible for introducing the public to Lady Nairn's Jacobite song, The Hundred Pipers, some five or more years after that lady's death. Rainforth lived in Edinburgh from 1851 or 1852 to 1856, and contemporary publications post reviews of her performance of the song in the capital; and she published the song with her own (and the now standard) musical arrangement in 1852.
She retired from public life in 1859, and until 1871 she taught singing at Windsor. In 1871 she withdrew to Chatterton Villa, Redland, Bristol, where she died 22 September 1877.

## Critical appraisal

According to the Dictionary of National Biography, Rainforth was an admirable singer, but lacked sufficient power to place her in the foremost rank of great sopranos.
# A Buddha

A Buddha (Spanish: Un Buda) is a 2005 Argentine film written and directed by Diego Rafecas, a Zen teacher in Argentina It features Agustín Markert, Carolina Fal and Diego Rafecas himself in the lead roles.

## Plot

Tomas and Rafael are two brothers orphaned as children when their parents were taken by the military during the military dictatorship (1976–1983) in Argentina. Tomas experiments with extreme ascetic spiritual practices affecting his life and environment. Rafael, the elder brother, is a professor of philosophy at the University of Buenos Aires. Detached and alone, he views his brother's doings skeptically, questioning his Buddhist revelations. As they struggle to reconcile their differences, Tomas journeys to a Zen monastery in the mountains of Cordoba to find a Master, followed by his girlfriend. As Rafael lands there their struggles with each other and the world around them take a dramatic turn as they're all brought together.

## Reception

"A restless exploration of spirituality in times of personal selfishness… East and West in a worthy emotional trip." –Javier Firpo, La Razon
"A very good film. Above all it explains the experience of having a spiritual awakening." –Carlos Boghossian, Gente
"The movie is genuine Buddhist. I find this film to aim and succeed in creating a very touching story about human searching for meaning in Buddhist tradition." –Caridad Martin, Buddhist Door

## Cast

* Agustín Markert as Tomás
* Carolina Fal as Laura
* Diego Rafecas as Rafael
* Julieta Cardinali as Sol
* Tina Serrano as Lucy
* Vera Carnevale as Laila
* Nelly Prince as Lela
* Boy Olmi as Papá
* Paula Siero as Mamá
* Luis Ziembrowski as Rata
* Juan Manuel Tenuta as Juan
* Toshiro Yamauchi as Maestro
* Iván De Pineda as Carlos
* Paula Montero as Secretaría
* Fabián Bril as Claudio

## Awards

Wins
* Málaga Spanish Film Festival | 2005 | Silver Biznaga | Audience Award
* Washington DC Independent Film Festival | 2007 | Audience Award | Best Feature & Special Recognition | Cine Latino
* Wine Country Film Festival | 2006 |Best First Feature Film
# Henry Heller (Medal of Honor)

Henry Heller (c. 1841 – December 14, 1895) was a Union Army sergeant during the American Civil War and a recipient of America's highest military decoration—the Medal of Honor—for his actions at the Battle of Chancellorsville in Virginia in May 1863.

## Medal of Honor citation

* Rank and organization: Sergeant, Company A, 66th Ohio Infantry.
* Place and date: At Chancellorsville, Va., May 2, 1863.
* Entered service at: Urbana, Ohio.
* Birth: Unknown.
* Date of issue: July 29, 1892.
Citation:
    One of a party of 4 who, under heavy fire, voluntarily brought into the Union lines a wounded Confederate officer from whom was obtained valuable information concerning the position of the enemy.
# Te Rewa Rewa Bridge

Te Rewa Rewa Bridge is a pedestrian and cycleway bridge across the Waiwhakaiho River at New Plymouth in New Zealand. Its spectacular shape and setting make it a popular landmark.

## Location and history

The bridge is part of the northern extension to the Coastal Walkway, connecting New Plymouth with Bell Block. The extension was made possible by a special agreement between Ngāti Tawhirikura hapū and the New Plymouth District Council. A historic pā is located on the north river bank and this was the site of a battle during the Musket Wars; the site is a burial ground (Rewa Rewa). The bridge is located in a semi-rural area.

## Design and construction

The bridge was commissioned by New Plymouth District Council and designed and constructed by a consortium of Whitaker Civil Engineering, Novare Design Ltd, Apex Consultants Ltd (now Spiire) and Fitzroy Engineering. The bridge was funded by New Plymouth District Council and the Whitaker family.

### Bridge design

The designer, Peter Mulqueen, is quoted as saying he understood that the bridge should "touch lightly" on the Rewa Rewa side of the river, in order to honour the deceased. This ruled out heavier designs like cable stays and angular truss structures. Mulqueen wanted to achieve a bridge with a "harmonious and dignified character".
   With the ribs yielding to the prevailing wind, the bridge is aligned to Mount Taranaki. The sacred mountain is framed within the skewed arch when viewed while leaving the sacred ground – promising what is eternal.

### Engineering design

The 68.8 metres (226 ft) bridge is designed to accommodate an ambulance and other service vehicles. It is made of three steel tubes; two beneath the deck and the remaining one, together with 19 ribs, forming a distinctive arch. 85 t of fabrication steel, 62 t of reinforcing steel and 550 m$^3$ (19,000 cu ft) of concrete have been used for its construction. The bridge deck has been placed at 4.5 metres (15 ft) above normal flow level to withstand both floods and lahars from volcanic eruptions.
A major challenge was to transport the 85 metres (279 ft) long and 85 t superstructure onto the site, including across a private golf course. River contamination and disturbance was to be avoided, so no temporary piers were used.

## Opening

The bridge was officially opened on 5 June 2010. In July 2010, its first full month of operation, the bridge was used by 55,756 cyclists and pedestrians.

## Awards

* 2011 Arthur G. Hayden Medal for a single recent outstanding achievement in bridge engineering demonstrating innovation in special use bridges.
* 2011 Ingenium Excellence Awards.
* 2011 International Footbridge Award in the aesthetics category (medium span).
* 2011 Supreme Award from industry group Roading New Zealand
* 2011 Taranaki Master Builders supreme award for a commercial facility
# Archaeological and Ethnological Museum of Córdoba

The Archaeological and Ethnological Museum of Córdoba (Spanish: Museo Arqueológico y Etnológico de Córdoba; MAECO or simply Museo Arqueológico de Córdoba) is a museum in Córdoba, Spain. Owned by the Spanish State, its management has been transferred to the Ministry of Culture of the Junta of Andalusia.

## History

The formal creation of the Provincial Archeological Museum was predated by an initiative proposed in 1866 and the ensuing decree for the creation of provincial museums issued on 20 March 1867. The museum was originally mixed with the Museum of Fine Arts, so a number of efforts to obtain an independent premises for the increasing collection of archeological items were taken. Following a number of relocations of the collection, the Spanish State bought the Rennaissance palace of Páez de Castillejo [es] in 1942 as new premises for the museum. The works for the adaptation for exhibition purposes took place between 1945 and 1959.
The museum was transferred from the Spanish State to the regional administration of Andalusia via a Royal Decree issue on 29 February 1984. The museum earned the name of Museo Arqueológico y Etnológico de Córdoba in 1994. A new annex building was opened in 2011. The museum incorporates its own archeological site, featuring the remains of the city's Roman theatre.

## Pieces

The collection could be divided in three large subgroups: 1) Prehistory and Protohistory, 2) Rome and the Visigothic Culture and 3) Islam and Mudéjar art.
* Ategua stele
* Iberian lion of Nueva Carteya
* Crouching Aphrodite
* Caliphal latticework
* Almohad brazier
# Committee on Cultural Affairs (Parliament of Sweden)

(Parliamentary) Committee on Cultural Affairs (Swedish: kulturutskottet, KrU) is a parliamentary committee in the Swedish Riksdag. The committee areas of responsibility concern general cultural and educational purposes, popular education, youth activities, international cultural cooperation, and sports. The committee also debates church issues and matters concerning radio and television, and immigration and integration policies, insofar as they do not belong to the Constitutional Committee's preparation.
The committee's speaker is Amanda Lind from the Green Party and the vice-speaker is Robert Hannah from the Liberals.

## List of speakers for the committee

| Name | Period | Political party |
| Lennart Mattsson | 1971–1976 | Centre Party |
| Georg Andersson | 1976–1982 | Social Democratic Party |
| Britt Mogård | 1982-1983 | Moderate Party |
| Ingrid Sundberg | 1983–1991 | Moderate Party |
| Åke Gustavsson | 1991–1998 | Social Democratic Party |
| Inger Davidsson | 1998-2002 | Christian Democrats |
| Lennart Kollmats | 2002–2006 | Liberal People's Party |
| Siv Holma | 2006–2010 | Vänsterpartiet |
| Berit Högman | 2010–2012 | Social Democratic Party |
| Gunilla Carlsson i Hisings Backa | 2012–2014 | Social Democratic Party |
| Per Bill | 2014–2015 | Moderate Party |
| Olof Lavesson | 2015–2018 | Moderate Party |
| Christer Nylander | 2018–2022 | Liberals |
| Amanda Lind | 2022– | Green Party |

## List of vice-speakers for the committee

| Name | Period | Political party | Notes |
| Åke Gustavsson | 1998–2002 | Social Democratic Party |
| Annika Nilsson | 2002–2005 | Social Democratic Party |
| Lars Wegendal | 2005-2006 | Social Democratic Party |
| Cecilia Wikström | 2006-2009 | Liberal People's Party |
| Christer Nylander | 2009–2013 | Liberal People's Party |
| Ulf Nilsson | 2013–2014 | Liberal People's Party |
| Gunilla Carlsson i Hisings Backa | 2014–2018 | Social Democratic Party |
| Vasiliki Tsouplaki | 2018–2022 | Left Party |
| Lotta Finstorp | 2019–2022 | Moderate Party | Second vice-speaker |
| Lawen Redar | 2019–2022 | Social Democratic Party | Third vice-speaker |
| Robert Hannah | 2022– | Liberals |
# Gomorgan

Gomorgan (Persian: گمرگان, also Romanized as Gomorgān, Gomorkān, Gomargān, Gomarkān, Gomrokān, and Gūmargan) is a village in Akhtarabad Rural District, in the Central District of Malard County, Tehran Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 270, in 68 families.