OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Qutayla ukht al-Nadr

Qutayla ukht al-Nadr (Arabic: قُتيلة أخت النضر, or Qutayla bint al-Nadr) was a seventh-century CE Arab woman of the Quraysh tribe, noted as one of the earliest attested Arabic-language poets on account of her famous elegy for Nadr ibn al-Harith.

## Life

Qutayla appears in the historical record in connection with her relative Nadr ibn al-Harith, an Arab Pagan doctor from Taif, who used to tell stories of Rustam and Esfandiyār to the Arabs and scoffed the Islamic prophet Muhammad. After the battle of Badr in 624 CE, al-Harith was captured and, in retaliation, Muhammad ordered his execution in hands of Ali. Some sources characterise Qutayla as Nadr's sister (ukht), others as his daughter (bint), though the most popular claim seems to be that she was his sister (hence the title of this article). Her full name appears in some sources, for example, as Qutayla ukht al-Nuḍar b. al-Ḥarīth b. ‘Alqama b. Kalda b. ‘Abd Manāf b. ‘Abd al-Dār b. QuṠayy al-Qurashiyya al-‘Abdariyya. There was also a tradition, attested in one medieval source, al-Jāḥiẓ in his Kitāb al-Bayān wa ’l-tabyīn, that she was actually called Laylā.

## Work

To Qutayla is attributed the following elegy for Nadr, in which she upbraids Muhammad for the execution. According to some commentaries, Muhammad's response to this was 'Had I heard her verses before I put him to death, I should not have done so'.
       On the fifth night's morning, stranger, with luck
       a tamarisk tree should appear by the way:
       Leave word that travellers never cease
       as they pass to wave a salute from the road;
       that you saw me standing, the tears on my face;
       on other tears, unseen, I choke.
       Will my brother hear my voice when I call?
       If the dead can hear they never speak.
       Weary and worn he was led to his doom,
       a captive dragging his feet in chains,
       torn by the swords of his cousins and kin:
       To God I mourn the divided house.
       Muḥammad, of noble woman born,
       son of equally noble sire!
       It would not have harmed to be generous then;
       a man, incensed, may still forgive.
       Had you taken ransom -- Nothing too much,
       too grand, but we'd gladly have given it up.
       My brother was nearest of those you took,
       the first to be spared -- had you pardoned his youth.
'Although doubt has been expressed regarding their authenticity ... these verses, frequently cited and highly appreciated, have perpetuated alNadr's memory'. Whatever its origin, the poem attributed to Qutayla is among the poems most frequently cited in the medieval Arabic anthologies known as ḥamāsāt, being noted for their moving quality. In the assessment of Nadia Maria El Cheikh, 'Qutayla's poem reflects the new Islamic ethos conveying the dramatic tension of a particular moment in Islamic religious history. She does not call for vengeance but for a modification of behavior, a kind retroactive display of restraint and forbearance'.
# Neritus

Neritus or Neritos (Ancient Greek: Νήρῐτος) may refer to:
* Neritus (Acarnania), a town of ancient Acarnania
* Nirito, a mountain near Kioni Bay
* Trichromia, a genus of moths, syn. Neritos
# Strelcha

Strelcha (Bulgarian: Стрелча) is a small Bulgarian town with a population of 4,284 as of September 2013. The town lies 13 km to the east of Panagyurishte and 41 km to the north of Pazardzhik. It is a capital of homonymous municipality, part of Pazardzhik Province. It is situated in a valley in the southern skirts of the Sredna Gora mountain.
The favourable microclimate, nature and mineral water springs, combined with the rich history and natural sights, have turned Strelcha into a national spa resort all around the year. Even if the town's tourism industry has decayed somewhat in the early post-communist period, its tourist product has started to revive in the last couple of years.
Arguably, the most important sight in the town is the Bulgarian Orthodox Archangel Michael Church Monument dedicated to the citizens of Strelcha that were killed during the April Uprising of 1876, Balkan Wars and WW1. Their names can be seen inscribed on both sides of the church.
The rose gardens in Strelcha spread over 3,000 decares, as this is one of the biggest rose oil production regions in Bulgaria. The highest quality of rose oil is produced in the municipality. Besides roses, since the 1990s and 2000s Strelcha successfully cultivated lavender, from which first-class essential oil is extracted.
Outside Strelcha, the road to the town of Koprivshtitsa (24 km) has views of natural rock formations. Three kilometres to the southeast of Strelcha one can see the Zhaba Mogila ("Frog Mound") inside which archeologists have found a Thracian temple. The mound is one of the biggest in Bulgaria — its height is more than 20 m, while its diameter is about 80–90 m. The two chambers and the façade are built of large, masterly carved stone blocks, connected with iron conjunctures and covered with lead. The biggest of these blocks measures 2.6 m by 0.6 m. Their arrangement is regarded as flawless. A tunnel with a length of 75 m has been dug below the mound and is planned to be transformed into a museum. A second stone construction, believed to have served as a sanctuary, has been found in the northwest part of the mound. It consists of three halls with a total area of 25 square metres.
2.5 km to the south of Strelcha one can see the remains of the Strelcha Fortress (Kaleto) believed to date back to the 9-10th century A.D. The fortress was built on the right bank of the Luda Yana River on a separate hill; the fortress walls surrounded by a rectangular space with a length of 140 m and a width of 50–60 m. Additionally, there are some preserved remains of several other fortresses to the south and southeast of Strelcha.

## Honours

Strelcha Spur on Graham Land, Antarctica is named after the town.
# Bahareh, Seydun

Bahareh (Persian: بهاره, also Romanized as Bahāreh) is a village in Seydun-e Jonubi Rural District, Seydun District, Bagh-e Malek County, Khuzestan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 91, in 13 families.
# Ordre de la Sincérité

The Ordre de la Sincérité (English: Order of Sincerity), was an order of knighthood of the German Margrave of Bayreuth. The order's name came from 18th-century courtiers who spoke French. The order had fifty knights. It was later renamed the Order of the Brandenburg Red Eagle and later as the Order of the Red Eagle.

## History

The Ordre de la Sincérité was founded on November 17, 1705, by the ruling Margrave George William of Brandenburg-Bayreuth, a member of the House of Hohenzollern. As it was often the case with the orders of knighthood of the small German courts it soon fell into disuse. However, was revived in 1712 in Brandenburg-Bayreuth and again in 1734 in Brandenburg-Ansbach, where it was renamed "Order of the Brandenburg Red Eagle". The statutes were changed in 1777 and the order named therein as the "Order of the Red Eagle". The order was conferred in one class, limited to fifty knights. The church of the order was the Ordenskirche St. Georgen in Bayreuth.
In January 1792, the Kingdom of Prussia bought both Brandenburg-Bayreuth and Brandenburg-Ansbach and on June 12, 1792, King Frederick William II again revived the order as a Prussian royal order. After the Order of the Black Eagle, the Order of the Red Eagle was the second highest order of the kingdom in order of precedence. In 1918, it was finally abolished as a state order, but continues as a House Order of the House of Hohenzollern.
# Milen Veltchev

Milen Veltchev (Bulgarian: Милен Велчев) (born 24 March 1966) was the finance minister of Bulgaria from 2001 until 2005. He previously worked in finance at Merrill Lynch in London.
He holds MS and BS degrees from the University of National and World Economy in Sofia, Bulgaria; a BA from the University of Rochester and an MBA from the MIT Sloan School of Management.
# Lomsdal–Visten National Park

Lomsdal–Visten National Park (Norwegian: Lomsdal–Visten nasjonalpark, Southern Sami: Njaarken vaarjelimmiedajve) is a Norwegian national park that was established on 26 June 2009. The park consists of a total protected area of 1,102 square kilometres (425 sq mi). It is located in Nordland county, Norway, and covers parts of Brønnøy Municipality, Vevelstad Municipality, Grane Municipality, and Vefsn Municipality.
The landscape is dominated by great diversity and many rivers. There are steep-sided fjords with deciduous woodlands, coniferous forests, mountainous terrains, and alpine peaks. The rich and varied geology was another reason for protecting the area. Karstic terrain with caves, subterranean rivers, arches, and unusual weathering are found here.

## History

Cultural heritage relics have been found that date from the Mesolithic period (8000–9000 years ago) up to the present day. Traces of Sámi culture can be found in the national park dating from the time when the Sámi were hunters and gatherers up to their modern semi-domesticated reindeer husbandry.
Farms that were abandoned due to the Black Death were re-cleared from 1500 to 1800 by ethnic Norwegians who expanded into the Sámi areas. They cleared farms along the fjords, the larger valleys, and far into the mountains. Traces of how they used the area can be seen near the farms and on outlying land.
The Second World War also left its mark in the Lomsdal-Visten area, and an annual march goes from inner Visten to Eiterådalen to commemorate wartime events.

## Park rules

The following are park rules for visitors:
* Visitors are allowed to pick wild berries and mushrooms.
* Undue noise is prohibited in the national park.
# Haji Saifullah Khan Bangash

Haji Saifullah Khan Bangash (Urdu: حاجی سیف اللہ خان بنگش) was a Pakistani politician who had been a member of the Senate of Pakistan from March 2012 until his death in February 2018.

## Education

He graduated high school in Kohat in 1970.

## Political career

He was elected to the Senate of Pakistan as a candidate of Pakistan Peoples Party in the 2012 Pakistani Senate election.
He remained senator until his death on 1 February 2018.
# Pavlo Gurkovsky

Pavlo Gurkovsky (Ukrainian: Павло Гурковський; born 9 October 1985) is a Ukrainian handball player for HC Motor Zaporizhia and the Ukrainian national team.
He represented Ukraine at the 2020 European Men's Handball Championship.
# Ahmad Maher Wridat

Ahmad Maher Wridat (Arabic: أحمد ماهر وريدات; born 22 July 1991) is a Palestinian footballer who plays as a forward for Shabab Al-Dhahiriya and the Palestine national football team. He holds the honor of being the first Palestinian to score in the AFC Champions League having scored in Al-Wehdat's 2–1 win over Bengaluru FC in February 2017.

## International career

On 6 September 2014, Wridat helped Palestine to take third place in the Philippines Peace Cup after scoring four goals against Chinese Taipei, including three in extra time to finish top scorer with five goals.

### International goals

    Scores and results list Palestine's goal tally first.
| # | Date | Venue | Opponent | Score | Result | Competition |
| 1. | 3 September 2014 | Rizal Memorial Stadium, Manila, Philippines | Myanmar | 1–4 | 1–4 | 2014 Philippine Peace Cup |
| 2. | 6 September 2014 | Rizal Memorial Stadium, Manila, Philippines | Chinese Taipei | 2–0 | 7–3 | 2014 Philippine Peace Cup |
| 3. | 6 September 2014 | Rizal Memorial Stadium, Manila, Philippines | Chinese Taipei | 4–3 | 7–3 | 2014 Philippine Peace Cup |
| 4. | 6 September 2014 | Rizal Memorial Stadium, Manila, Philippines | Chinese Taipei | 6–3 | 7–3 | 2014 Philippine Peace Cup |
| 5. | 6 September 2014 | Rizal Memorial Stadium, Manila, Philippines | Chinese Taipei | 7–3 | 7–3 | 2014 Philippine Peace Cup |
| 6. | 6 October 2014 | Kanchenjunga Stadium, Siliguri, India | India | 2–2 | 3–2 | Friendly |
| 7. | 28 March 2017 | National Football Stadium, Malé, Maldives | Maldives | 1–0 | 3–0 | 2019 AFC Asian Cup qualification |
| 8. | 28 March 2017 | National Football Stadium, Malé, Maldives | Maldives | 2–0 | 3–0 | 2019 AFC Asian Cup qualification |

### International goals U-23

    Scores and results list Palestine's goal tally first.
| # | Date | Venue | Opponent | Score | Result | Competition |
| 1. | 14 September 2014 | Ansan Wa~ Stadium, Ansan | Oman | 1–0 | 2–0 | 2014 Asian Games |
| 2. | 21 September 2014 | Ansan Wa~ Stadium, Ansan | Singapore | 1–2 | 1–2 | 2014 Asian Games |

## Honours
### Shabab Al-Dhahiriya

* West Bank Premier League: 2012–13

### Individual

* Philippine Peace Cup Top Scorer: 2014
# Privy Council of the Hawaiian Kingdom

The Privy Council of the Hawaiian Kingdom, also known as the King's Privy Council of State or Queen's Privy Council of State (Hawaiian:Ka Mōʻī ʻAha Kūkākūkā Malu o ke Aupuni), was a constitutionally-created body of advisers to the sovereign of the Hawaiian Kingdom from 1845 to 1893. Its members were known as privy councillors and often involved in the other branches of the government.

## Overview

The idea of a body of advisors had its origin in the Council of Chiefs (ʻAha Aliʻi) during the early reign of Kamehameha III and his predecessors. The ʻAha Aliʻi was also the precedent of the House of Nobles in the Legislature of the Hawaiian Kingdom. The first documented meeting on the records of the Privy Council was July 29, 1845, although it may have been formed earlier. The Privy Council was officially constituted after the passing of "An Act to Organize the Executive Ministry of the Hawaiian Islands" on October 29, 1845, in the Legislature, which formally outlined the appointment of cabinet ministers for the executive branch and the role of a privy council.
The body was headed by the monarch or in his absence the Kuhina Nui (premier or vice-monarch). Membership compose of the five (later four) cabinet ministers including the Kuhina Nui and the four island governors, who served as ex-officio members, and other individuals appointed by the monarch to serve at his pleasure. The 1852 Constitution of the Hawaiian Kingdom codified and expanded the role of the body. The role of the Privy Council was to advise and approve all acts made by the monarch such as the declaration of war, granting pardons, convening of the legislature, diplomatic decisions, judicial appointments, gubernatorial appointments, etc.
After the death of Kamehameha IV without an heir on November 30, 1863, Kuhina Nui Victoria Kamāmalu consulted with the Privy Council and proclaimed their brother Prince Lot Kapuāiwa as Kamehameha V. The new king proclaimed the 1864 Constitution which abolished the post of Kuhina Nui, reduced the power of the Privy Council and empowered the position of the monarch. The subsequent constitutions do not mention the ex-officio membership of island governors on the Privy Council. The Privy Council of State was abolished in 1893 after the overthrow of the Hawaiian Kingdom and the deposition of Queen Liliuokalani. The Provisional Government and Republic of Hawaii replaced it with an Advisory Council and later Council of State.
Historian Ralph Simpson Kuykendall notes: "The privy council became a very important body, numerous powers and duties being assigned to it by the [1845] organic acts" and after 1852 became "a most important feature of the government".
# Caledonian Airways (1988)

Caledonian Airways was a charter airline in the United Kingdom established in 1988 by rebranding British Airtours when that company's parent British Airways took over British Caledonian. It merged in 2000 with Flying Colours Airlines to form JMC Air.

## History

Caledonian Airways was formed in 1988 when British Airways acquired British Caledonian. The British Airways air charter subsidiary British Airtours was rebranded as Caledonian Airways.
In 1995 British Airways sold Caledonian Airways to UK tour operator Inspirations, part of the Carlson Group. Between 1997 and 1998 Caledonian Airways operated four aircraft under the name Peach Air.
Inspirations became part of the Thomas Cook in 2000. Caledonian Airways was merged with Flying Colours Airlines to form JMC Air. Who then renamed to Thomas Cook Airlines, being part of the newly formed Thomas Cook AG.

## Fleet

Caledonian Airways operated 39 aircraft during its 12 years in operation including one Airbus A300, six Airbus A320, six Boeing 737-200, one Boeing 747-200, eight Boeing 757-200, ten Lockheed L-1011 and seven McDonnell Douglas DC-10.
# Spyros Moustaklis

Lieutenant General Spyros Moustaklis (Greek: Σπύρος Μουστακλής; Missolonghi, 1926 – 1986) was an officer of the Greek Army. During the military junta years in Greece, he actively opposed the dictatorship and suffered permanent damage as the result of torture, making him a symbol of the anti-junta resistance.
Moustaklis became a member of EDES on 2 April 1943, aged 17, following a confrontation with ELAS members which sent him to the hospital. Moustaklis fought with EDES against the Wehrmacht, the Royal Italian Army and ELAS. He was wounded in action during the Battle of Profitis Ilias in Arta (21/12/1944), suffering a comminutive fibula fracture and hospitalized in the 5th Polish General Hospital in Casamassima, near Bari, Italy.
Following the end of the war, Moustaklis, alongside other ex-EDES members, was enrolled in the Hellenic Military Academy. He graduated in 1948. He subsequently took part in the last phase of the Greek Civil War (1948-1949) as an Anthypolochagos and the Korean War (30/4/1952 - 14/7/1953) as an Ypolochagos.
Moustaklis was one of the few Army officers that took part in the attempted Navy revolt in 1973 against the Papadopoulos junta. After the revolt was betrayed and suppressed, he was arrested and tortured by the Greek Military Police in the torture chambers of EAT/ESA. He was arrested on 22 May 1973 and stayed at the EAT/ESA torture centre for 47 days, but despite the efforts of his interrogators, he did not betray his colleagues. During a torture session he suffered brain trauma after a violent blow to his carotid artery and was subsequently rushed to hospital in a vegetative state. His life was saved, but he was left paralyzed for the rest of his life. Only following physiotherapy and rehabilitation for five months he was able to regain limited movement.
After the fall of the junta he became close friends with another resistance hero, Alexandros Panagoulis. The brain damage he sustained proved to be permanent and he never regained his ability to speak. His emotional state froze permanently to the state he was in during his torture and he was known to curse his torturers and reenact the traumatic experiences of his captivity for the rest of his life. Despite that, years after the restoration of democracy, when asked during a documentary if he broke during interrogation, he was able to move his hands, in an animated fashion, to indicate that he did not.
Posthumously, the Greek State dedicated a memorial to him as recognition of his contribution to the struggle for democracy in Greece. He was awarded the honorary rank of Lieutenant General, and his name was given to the military camp housing the Recruit Training Centre of his home town of Missolonghi.

## Orders and decorations

Greece
* Order of the Phoenix
* War Cross
* Medal for Excellent Actions (Μετάλλιο Εξόχων Πράξεων)
* Medal of Military Merit
* National Resistance 1941-1945 Commemorative Medal
United Nations
* United Nations Korea Medal
# Ilihue

Ilihue is a village located in the commune of Lago Ranco in Los Ríos Region, southern Chile. According to the 2013 census, it had a population of approximately 650 inhabitants.
It is an area known for being a highly touristic place because it is located in front of Lago Ranco, being a popular place to host hotels, cabins and restaurants. Currently, it is divided into two sectors, which are Ilihue Alto and Ilihue Bajo.
In this village is the Ilihue Private School, as well as green areas and the Ilihue Bajo Golf Course. In Ilihue, there is also the Salto Los Mañíos, a trail that stands out for its nature and for the waterfall that flows into the Iculpe River.

## History

The village of Ilihue gained recognition in February 2024, where it was announced that it was the place where the helicopter of the politician, commercial engineer and former president of Chile, Sebastián Piñera, crashed in Lake Ranco due to a helicopter accident, while he was accompanied by three other people, resulting in Piñera himself killed and three injured. The event occurred on 6 February 2024 at 14:57 (UTC-3), being confirmed that same day around 17:00.
# Blaydon and Consett (UK Parliament constituency)

Blaydon and Consett is a constituency of the House of Commons in the UK Parliament. Created as a result of the 2023 Periodic Review of Westminster constituencies, it was first contested at the 2024 general election and is currently held by Liz Twist of the Labour Party, who previously represented the abolished Blaydon constituency from 2017 to 2024.

## Boundaries

The constituency crosses the boundary of the ceremonial counties of Durham and Tyne and Wear and is composed of the following (as they existed on 1 December 2020):
* The County of Durham electoral divisions of: Benfieldside; Burnopfield and Dipton; Consett North; Consett South; Delves Lane; Leadgate and Medomsley.
* The Metropolitan Borough of Gateshead wards of: Blaydon; Chopwell and Rowlands Gill; Crawcrook and Greenside; Ryton, Crookhill and Stella; Winlaton and High Spen.
It comprises approximately half the electorate of each of the abolished constituencies of Blaydon and North West Durham and includes the following communities:
* Blaydon, Rowlands Gill, and Ryton from the Borough of Gateshead in Tyne and Wear
* Consett, Leadgate, and Burnopfield from County Durham

## Members of Parliament

Blaydon and North West Durham prior to 2024
| Election | Election | Member | Party |
| | 2024 | Liz Twist | Labour |

## Elections
### Elections in the 2020s

General election 2024: Blaydon and Consett :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | Labour | Liz Twist | 21,160 | 50.1 | +6.1 |
| | Reform UK | David Ayre | 10,007 | 23.7 | +14.0 |
| | Conservative | Angela Sterling | 6,052 | 14.3 | −20.6 |
| | Green | Richard Simpson | 2,589 | 6.1 | +3.1 |
| | Liberal Democrats | Vicky Anderson | 2,273 | 5.4 | +0.8 |
| | SDP | Paul Topping | 135 | 0.3 | N/A |
| Majority | Majority | Majority | 11,153 | 26.4 | N/A |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 42,216 | 59.9 | N/A |
| | Labour hold | Labour hold | Swing | | |
# Polyrhachis curvispina

Polyrhachis curvispina is a species of ant in the subfamily Formicinae, found in Sri Lanka.
# Fai Luang

Fai Luang (Thai: ฝายหลวง, pronounced) is a village and tambon (sub-district) of Laplae District, in Uttaradit Province, Thailand. In 2005, it had a population of 9,493 people. The tambon contains 11 villages.
# Achmer Aerodrome

Achmer Airport (German: Flugplatz Achmer) (ICAO: EDXA) is a regional airport located 4 km (2 nautical miles) southwest of Bramsche, a town in the district of Osnabrück in Lower Saxony, Germany. It supports general aviation with no commercial airline service scheduled.

## History

During World War II, the airport was used by the German Luftwaffe and after their withdrawal also by British Royal Air Force as Advanced Landing Ground B-110 Achmer.

## Facilities

The airport resides at an elevation of 177 feet (54 m) above mean sea level. It has a grass runway designated 07/25 which measures 940 by 30 metres (3,084 ft × 98 ft).