OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Verny, Belgorod Oblast

Verny (Russian: Верный) is a rural locality (a khutor) in Volokonovsky District, Belgorod Oblast, Russia. The population was 36 as of 2010. There is 1 street.

## Geography

Verny is located 34 km west of Volokonovka (the district's administrative centre) by road. Bochanka is the nearest rural locality.
# Idyash

Idyash (Russian: Идяш; Bashkir: Иҙәш, İźäş) is a rural locality (a village) in Utyagulovsky Selsoviet, Zianchurinsky District, Bashkortostan, Russia. The population was 613 as of 2010. There are 5 streets.

## Geography

Idyash is located 70 km southeast of Isyangulovo (the district's administrative centre) by road. Utyagulovo is the nearest rural locality.
# Billinghurst Requa Battery

The Billinghurst Requa Battery gun was an early rapid-fire gun used during the American Civil War. It was invented by a Dr. Josephus Requa (1833–1910), a dentist by profession, who had at the age of 16 spent three years as an apprentice to William Billinghurst (1807–1880), a New York riflemaker.

## Design

The gun consisted of twenty-five heavy .58 caliber rifle barrels, each 2 feet (0.61 m) long and mounted together in a secure frame, which could be elevated for range. The frame was then mounted on a two-wheeled carriage. Ammunition was loaded as a long magazine of twenty-five rounds, which were fired by a single percussion cap in a single volley. With a crew of three, it could be reloaded and fired seven times a minute, giving a rate of fire of 175 rounds per minute. The .58 caliber bullets were conical and weighed approximately one ounce. It was also possible to adjust the spread of the guns to make them diverge for use at close range.

## History

In 1861 on the suggestion of an Albert Mack, Requa began thinking about the design of a rapid-fire gun. Requa talked with Billinghurst, who he remained friends with and came up with a scale model of a design by 11 July 1861. After it was received favorably, Billinghurst and Requa decided to build a full-scale prototype, which cost approximately $500 to build.
Requa met with General James Wolfe Ripley on 22 April 1862 to propose the idea. Ripley however dismissed Requa with the argument that such a weapon would consume expensive ammunition at such a rate that it would cause logistical problems. Requa then approached President Abraham Lincoln on 1 May 1862, who listened to Requa's explanation of Ripley's dismissal. He gave Requa a note which said: Gen. Ripley, please see Mr. Requa A. Lincoln, May 1, 1862.
Ripley, however, would not move from his position. Requa went back to Lincoln, who then ordered Ripley to arrange a demonstration of the weapon. Two tests were arranged on 12 May 1862 and 24 May 1862 with favorable results. Requa and Billinghurst needed financial backing to proceed with production of the weapon, and arranged for a public demonstration of the weapon as proof to backers. This was conducted on 12 August 1862 at Rochester, New York. At the demonstration, the gun blasted holes in a wooden barrel target setup 1,800 feet (550 m) away in the Genesee River. The backers were impressed, and contracts were drawn up to produce 50 units. A patent numbered 36,448 was also issued on 16 September 1862.
The battery was never officially accepted into service, yet it saw action at the Siege of Port Hudson, Fort Wagner, Fort Sumter and Siege of Petersburg as well as the Battle of Cold Harbor.
A final test of the gun was conducted at the Washington Arsenal in August 1864, with a report issued in 1866 indicating that the gun was reliable and performed well during the testing. As a result, an additional five guns were ordered, but advances in firearms technology soon rendered the weapon obsolete.
# Reform Party (Norway, 1974)

The Reform Party (Norwegian: Reformpartiet) was a short-lived political party in Norway. The party was founded in August 1974 by "moderate" defectors from Anders Lange's Party. Led by Carl I. Hagen, the party merged back into ALP already in May 1975, after Hagen—as Anders Lange's deputy—had become a Member of Parliament following Lange's sudden death in October 1974.

## History

The Reform Party was founded in Voksenåsen in Oslo on 31 August 1974 by Kristofer Almås, Deputy Member of Parliament Carl I. Hagen and others who broke away from Anders Lange's Party. They claimed that Lange was an "extremist", and criticised what they considered as his unwillingness of taking political responsibility, consistent refusal of political moderation and of establishing a political program. When Anders Lange died in October 1974, Hagen became a regular Member of Parliament as Lange's former deputy, and thus gave the Reform Party parliamentary representation.
In opinion polls carried out in January and February 1975, the Reform Party saw its support at 0.4%. On 13 May 1975, the party was split after Almås had been thrown as party chairman by the party board, and in turn reorganised the party under an "interim board" with himself as party chairman. Hagen responded by stating that he held control of the party finances and its membership rolls counting 700 members. On 26 May 1975, Hagen reconciled with his former party, and merged the Reform Party back into ALP at a meeting with the party's parliamentary leader Erik Gjems-Onstad.
In January 1976, Almås claimed that Hagen almost single-handedly had made a deal to merge into ALP, and that the "new board" had come together and issued a demand for Hagen to return the party's membership roll. Hagen in turn maintained the legitimacy of the party's merger with ALP. On 26 October 1976, Almås withdrew from his position as party chairman (although he remained a member), as well as politics in its entirety, as he claimed to have been subject to massive harassment as a result of "incorrect" coverage of the events surrounding the party by the mass media. On 19 January 1977, the party secretary, Peter N. Myhre, announced that he also withdrew from his position, after a meeting intended to solve the crisis in the party (where 17 members showed up) reportedly only resulted in quarrels and name-calling.
# Marquess (band)

Marquess is a German pop band established in 2006 in Hannover. The group predominantly sings songs in Spanish although with grammar and pronunciation mistakes. Their song "Vayamos compañeros" became very popular in the summer of 2007 ranking #1 in Poland, Switzerland, and the Czech Republic.

## Discography
### Albums

* Marquess (2006)
* Frenetica (2007)
* ¡YA! (2008)
* Compañía del sol(2009)
* ¡Bienvenido! (2012)
* Favoritas (2014)
* Sol y Soul (2016)
* En Movimiento (2018)
* Turbulento (2020)

### Singles

| Year | Title | Chart Position | Chart Position | Chart Position | Chart Position | Chart Position | Chart Position | Chart Position | Album |
| Year | Title | DE | AT | CH | FI | CZ | SE | EU | Album |
| 2006 | "El Temperamento" | 10 | 53 | 16 | 10 | 79 | – | 35 | Marquess |
| 2007 | "Sorry & Goodbye" (promo single) | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | Marquess |
| 2007 | "Vayamos Compañeros" | 2 | 5 | 1 | 4 | 1 | 10 | 12 | Frenetica |
| 2007 | "You and Not Tokio" | 66 | – | 80 | – | 48 | – | – | Frenetica |
| 2008 | "La Histeria" | 15 | 74 | 41 | – | 59 | – | – | ¡YA! |
| 2008 | "La Vida Es Limonada" | 16 | 25 | 15 | – | 44 | – | 50 | ¡YA! |
| 2009 | "Lucia" | 60 | – | – | – | – | – | – | ¡YA! |
| 2009 | "Arriba" | 16 | 75 | 57 | 18 | – | – | – | Campania del sol |
| 2010 | "Latino América" | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | Campania del sol |
| 2011 | "Chapoteo" | 70 | – | – | – | – | – | – | Non-album single |
| 2012 | "Bienvenido" | 42 | 41 | 72 | – | – | – | – | ¡Bienvenido! |
# Old Ålgård Church

Old Ålgård Church (Norwegian: Ålgård gamle kirke) is a historic parish church of the Church of Norway in Gjesdal Municipality in Rogaland county, Norway. It is located in the village of Ålgård. It used to be the main church for the Ålgård parish which is part of the Jæren prosti (deanery) in the Diocese of Stavanger. The white, wooden church was built in a long church design and an Art Nouveau style in 1917 using designs by the architect Ole Stein. The church seats about 250 people.

## History

Work began on the new church on 20 March 1916 when a groundbreaking ceremony was held. The church was consecrated on 11 May 1917 by the Bishop Bernt Støylen. The church cost about 29,000 kr to build. There are several bullet holes in the exterior of the church that were caused by skirmishes during World War II when the Germans occupied Norway. In the 1960s, the church was renovated and refurbished. After 98 years in use, the church became too small for the congregation and it was replaced in 2015 by the new Ålgård Church, located directly across the street. The old church is no longer used for regular services, but it is used for special occasions such as weddings.
# Saman

Saman may refer to:

## Places
### Iran

* Saman, Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari, a city in Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari Province
* Saman, Hamadan, a city in Hamadan Province
* Saman, Ilam, a village in Ilam Province
* Saman, Kurdistan, a village in Kurdistan Province
* Saman, Markazi, a village in Markazi Province
* Saman, Razavi Khorasan, a village in Razavi Khorasan Province
* Saman District (Iran), an administrative subdivision
* Saman Rural District, an administrative subdivision

### Elsewhere

* Saman District, an administrative subdivision of Peru
* Saman, Rewa, a village in Rewa district in Madhya Pradesh, India
* Saman, Haute-Garonne, a village in southwestern France

## Other uses

* Saman (dance), an Indonesian traditional dance
* Saman (deity), a prominent Sri Lankan deity
* Saman (Deus Ex), a fictional character in the video game Deus Ex: Invisible War
* Saman (name), a list of people with the given name or surname
* Saman (novel), a 1998 novel by Ayu Utami
* Saman, a 2014 album by Icelandic cellist Hildur Guðnadóttir
* MV Saman, a Maltese oil tanker in service 2008–12
* Saman tree, Samanea saman
# Ibrayevo, Zianchurinsky District, Republic of Bashkortostan

Ibrayevo (Russian: Ибраево; Bashkir: Ибрай, İbray) is a rural locality (a village) in Baydavletovsky Selsoviet, Zianchurinsky District, Bashkortostan, Russia. The population was 479 as of 2010. There are 4 streets.

## Geography

Ibrayevo is located 39 km northeast of Isyangulovo (the district's administrative centre) by road. Sazala is the nearest rural locality.
# Djurhuus

May refer to
* Hans Andrias Djurhuus (1883-1951), Faroese poet
* Janus Djurhuus (1881-1948), Faroese poet
* Rune Djurhuus (born 1970), Norwegian chess grandmaster
* Kristian Djurhuus (1895-1984), Faroese politician
* Hákun Djurhuus (1908-1987), Faroese politician
* Jens Christian Djurhuus (1773-1853), Faroese poet
* Marni Djurhuus (born 1985), Faroese footballer
# Kahnuj-e Moezabad

Kahnuj-e Moezabad (Persian: كهنوج معزاباد, also Romanized as Kahnūj-e Mo‘ezābād and Kahnoojé Mo‘ez Abad) is a village in Moezziyeh Rural District, Chatrud District, Kerman County, Kerman Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 199, in 49 families.
# Shumerlinsky District

Shumerlinsky District (Russian: Шу́мерлинский райо́н; Chuvash: Çĕмĕрле районӗ, Śĕmĕrle rayonĕ) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the twenty-one in the Chuvash Republic, Russia. It is located in the west of the republic and borders with Alikovsky and Krasnochetaysky Districts in the north, Vurnarsky District in the east, Ibresinsky and Poretsky Districts in the south, and with Nizhny Novgorod Oblast on the Sura River in the west. The area of the district is 1,047.6 square kilometers (404.5 sq mi). Its administrative center is the town of Shumerlya (which is not administratively a part of the district). Population: 10,765 (2010 Census); 13,298 (2002 Census); 16,187 (1989 Soviet census).

## History

The district was formed on January 9, 1935.

## Administrative and municipal status

Within the framework of administrative divisions, Shumerlinsky District is one of the twenty-one in the republic. The town of Shumerlya serves as its administrative center, despite being incorporated separately as a town of republic significance—an administrative unit with the status equal to that of the districts.
As a municipal division, the district is incorporated as Shumerlinsky Municipal District. The town of republic significance of Shumerlya is incorporated separately from the district as Shumerlya Urban Okrug.

## Notable residents

* Valery Yardy (1948–1994), Olympic road cyclist
# Eastern Regional Research Center

The Eastern Regional Research Center (ERRC) is a United States Department of Agriculture laboratory center in Wyndmoor, Pennsylvania. The Center researches new industrial and food uses for agricultural commodities, develops new technology to improve environmental quality, and provides technical support to federal regulatory and action agencies.
With approximately 213,317 square feet (19,817.8 m$^2$), ERRC is the second largest of the Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS) research centers.

## History

ERRC was one of four regional labs set up by the Agricultural Adjustment Act of 1938, when Wyndmoor, Pennsylvania was chosen to host this facility, named the Eastern Regional Research Center. The other regional labs set up by the 1938 act are located in Peoria, Illinois (National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research), New Orleans, Louisiana (Southern Regional Research Center), and Albany, California (Western Regional Research Center).

### Landmark Designation

The American Chemical Society designated the research on food dehydration processes at the Eastern Regional Research Center as a National Historic Chemical Landmark in a ceremony in Wyndmoor, Pennsylvania, on April 18, 2007. The plaque commemorating the event reads:
"Chemists, chemical engineers, and food technologists at the Eastern Regional Research Center developed innovative dehydration technologies, most notably the potato flake process and explosion puffing. These technologies created opportunities for the development of novel, high-quality convenience foods and food ingredients for domestic and global markets. Instant mashed potatoes and formulated potato crisps, both made from potato flakes, are among the most popular and recognizable food products ever created. These food dehydration technologies increased U.S. potato production and utilization, provided key products for food aid programs, and made a lasting and significant impact on the ways in which foods are processed worldwide."
# Standing Committee on Education and Research

The Standing Committee on Education and Research (Norwegian: Utdannings- og forskningskomiteen) is a standing committee of the Parliament of Norway. It is responsible for policies relating to education, research and church affairs. It corresponds to the Ministry of Education and Research and the church affairs section of the Ministry of Culture and Church Affairs. The committee was named the Standing Committee on Education, Research and Church Affairs (Kirke-, utdannings- og forskningskomiteen) between 1993 and 2017. The committee has 15 members and is chaired by Trond Giske of the Labour Party.

## Members 2013–2017

| Representative | Party | Position |
| Trond Giske | Labour | Chair |
| Iselin Nybø | Liberal | First deputy chair |
| Anne Tingelstad Wøien | Centre | Second deputy chair |
| Henrik Asheim | Conservative | |
| Norunn Tveiten Benestad | Conservative | |
| Sivert Haugen Bjørnstad | Progress | |
| Christian Tynning Bjørnø | Labour | |
| Torgeir Knag Fylkesnes | Socialist Left | |
| Kent Gudmundsen | Conservative | |
| Martin Henriksen | Labour | |
| Tone Merete Sønsterud | Labour | |
| Bente Thorsen | Progress | |
| Anders Tyvand | Christian Democratic | |
| Kristin Vinje | Conservative | |
| Marianne Aasen | Labour | |
# Takvam Chapel

Takvam Chapel (Norwegian: Takvam kapell) is a parish church of the Church of Norway in Bergen Municipality in Vestland county, Norway. It is located in the village of Takvam, in the eastern part of the municipality. It is one of two churches in the Arna parish which is part of the Åsane prosti (deanery) in the Diocese of Bjørgvin. The white, wooden church was built in a rectangular design in 1988 using plans drawn up by the architect Andreas Vold. The church seats about 75 people.

## History

In 1912, a graveyard was built in Takvam to serve the local population. In the 1920s, the idea of building a chapel at the graveyear to serve the Takvam area gained momentum. The architect Ivar Namtveit was hired to build the chapel. It was consecrated on 1 April 1926. It was a simple wooden building with a tower over the south entrance. In 1956-1957, a sacristy was built on the east side of the building. By the 1980s, the chapel was in very poor condition with significant rot damage. In 1988, the old chapel was torn down and a new building was constructed in the spring of 1988. The new chapel was consecrated on 5 June 1988 and it now has the status of a church, although the name "chapel" is still used.
# Okolia

Okolia (Bulgarian: Околия, plural: Околии) is a former administrative unit in Bulgaria established after the Tarnovo Constitution (Art. 3) adopted on 16 April 1879.
On 16 April 1879 in the old Bulgarian capital Veliko Tarnovo all 229 deputies in the Constituent Assembly signed the first Constitution of the Principality of Bulgaria which defined the administrative division of this country:
   The territory is divided into administrative okrazhia, okolia and obshtina.
From 1885 to 1947 the okolia was the secondary administrative territorial unit after the primary unit (okrazhie, okrag, oblast). In 1947 during the People's Republic of Bulgaria the oblasts were closed and 102 okolias remained as the primary administrative territorial unit of which 7 were urban (Sofia, Plovdiv, Stara Zagora, Burgas, Varna, Ruse and Pleven). In 1959 the 117 okolias were abolished, and the People's Republic of Bulgaria was divided into 30 okrags .
# Marathon (mythology)

In Greek mythology, Marathon (Ancient Greek: Μαραθῶνα), also Marathos or Marathus may refer to the same or four distinct characters who gave his name to Marathon, a town in Attica.
* Marathus, the 14th king of Sicyon who reigned for 20 or 30 years. His predecessor was Marathonius and himself was succeeded by Echyreus, otherwise unknown. During his reign, Zeus slept with Io, the daughter of Iasus, and Cecrops founded Athenai in Euboea which was also called Diada or as Euboeans called it as Orchomenon. Marathus may be similar with the below Marathon.
* Marathon, a king of Corinth after succeeding his father King Epopeus of Sicyon and Corinth. His mother was princess Antiope, the Theban daughter of Regent-king Nycteus. He was the brother of Oenope, and father of Corinthus and Sicyon. Marathon escaped from the lawless violence of his father and migrated to the sea coast of Attica (in Marathon). On his father's death, Marathon came back to Peloponnesus and divided his kingdom among his sons and returned to Attica where he had previously settled.
* Marathus, an Arcadian hero who accompanied the Dioscuri in their expedition into Attica to rescue Helen who had been abducted by Theseus. Marathus died when, in accordance with some oracle, he voluntarily devoted himself to be sacrificed in front of the line of battle. After him the township of Marathon was called.
* Marathos, son of Apollo and one of the possible eponyms of Marathon.
# Mikhouderovka

Mikhouderovka (Russian: Мухоудеровка) is a rural locality (a selo) and the administrative center of Mikhouderovskoye Rural Settlement, Alexeyevsky District, Belgorod Oblast, Russia. The population was 1,326 as of 2010. There are 21 streets.

## Geography

Mikhouderovka is located 19 km northeast of Alexeyevka (the district's administrative centre) by road. Dalneye Chesnochnoye is the nearest rural locality.
# Dowlatabad, Ferdows

Dowlatabad (Persian: دولت اباد, also Romanized as Dowlatābād; also known as Daulatābād) is a village in Ferdows Rural District, Ferdows District, Rafsanjan County, Kerman Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 374, in 89 families.
# Kristiyan Dobrev

Kristiyan Dobrev (Bulgarian: Кристиян Добрев; born 23 September 1978) is a Bulgarian former professional footballer who is currently the sporting director of Septemvri Sofia.

## Career

Dobrev was raised in Lokomotiv Sofia's youth teams. Between 1998 and 2003, he played for Naftex Burgas, Dobrudzha Dobrich, and Cherno More Varna. In June 2003, he returned to Lokomotiv Sofia. He was sent on loan to Lech Poznań in January 2007 until the end of the 2006–07 season.

## Career statistics

As of 12 June 2013
| Club | Season | League | League | Cup | Cup | Europe | Europe | Total | Total |
| Club | Season | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals |
| Lokomotiv Sofia | 1996–97 | 10 | 4 | 0 | 0 | — | — | 10 | 4 |
| Lokomotiv Sofia | 1997–98 | 9 | 1 | 0 | 0 | — | — | 9 | 1 |
| Metalurg Pernik | 1998–99 | 6 | 0 | 0 | 0 | — | — | 6 | 0 |
| Neftochimic Burgas | 1998–99 | 8 | 0 | 0 | 0 | — | — | 8 | 0 |
| Dobrudzha Dobrich | 1999–00 | 23 | 3 | 2 | 2 | — | — | 25 | 5 |
| Cherno More | 2000–01 | 18 | 0 | 2 | 0 | — | — | 20 | 0 |
| Cherno More | 2001–02 | 33 | 10 | 0 | 0 | — | — | 33 | 10 |
| Cherno More | 2002–03 | 3 | 0 | 2 | 1 | — | — | 5 | 1 |
| Lokomotiv Sofia | 2003–04 | 25 | 2 | 8 | 1 | — | — | 33 | 3 |
| Lokomotiv Sofia | 2004–05 | 26 | 5 | 2 | 0 | — | — | 28 | 5 |
| Lokomotiv Sofia | 2005–06 | 15 | 1 | 0 | 0 | — | — | 15 | 1 |
| Lokomotiv Sofia | 2006–07 | 14 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 6 | 1 | 22 | 3 |
| Lokomotiv Sofia | 2007–08 | 22 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 4 | 0 | 27 | 2 |
| Lokomotiv Sofia | 2008–09 | 21 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 24 | 0 |
| Lokomotiv Sofia | 2009–10 | 23 | 1 | 2 | 0 | — | — | 25 | 1 |
| Lokomotiv Sofia | 2010–11 | 26 | 1 | 1 | 0 | — | — | 27 | 1 |
| Lokomotiv Sofia | 2011–12 | 29 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 31 | 2 |
| Lokomotiv Sofia | 2012–13 | 17 | 1 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 20 | 1 |
| Lech Poznań (loan) | 2006–07 | 8 | 0 | 1 | 0 | — | — | 9 | 0 |
| Career total | Career total | 336 | 35 | 27 | 4 | 14 | 1 | 377 | 40 |
# Robert Clements Gore

Brigadier-General Robert Clements Gore CB CMG (3 February 1867 – 13 April 1918) was a British Army officer who was killed in action during the First World War. He was a member of the Anglo-Irish Gore family.

## Military career

Gore was educated at Haileybury and Imperial Service College and commissioned into the Argyll and Sutherland Highlanders from Royal Military College, Sandhurst in 1886. He was killed in action in Belgium in 1918, while commanding the 101st Brigade. His remains were buried at Lijssenthoek Military Cemetery.

## Personal life

Gore was born in Clifton, Bristol, to Nathaniel Gore and Louisa Page. He was the grandson of William Gore, MP for Carrick; and great-grandson of William Gore, Bishop of Limerick. His sister Gertrude was married to politician Gilbert McMicking.
In 1899, Gore married Rachel Cecilia Saunderson, daughter of Llewellyn Traherne Bassett Saunderson and Lady Rachel Mary Scott (daughter of John Scott, 3rd Earl of Clonmell). Their only child, Adrian Clements Gore, also achieved the rank of brigadier in the British Army and served with distinction in the Second World War.
# Nur, Chekmagushevsky District, Republic of Bashkortostan

Nur (Bashkir and Russian: Нур) is a rural locality (a village) in Chekmagushevsky District, Bashkortostan, Russia. The population was 68 as of 2010. There is 1 street.

## Geography

Nur is located 20 km southeast of Chekmagush (the district's administrative centre) by road. Urnyak is the nearest rural locality.