OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Ferdinand Bonaventura, 7th Prince Kinsky of Wchinitz and Tettau

Ferdinand Bonaventura, 7th Prince Kinsky of Wchinitz and Tettau (German: Ferdinand Bonaventura Christian Josef Hieronymus Rudolf Rafael Fürst Kinsky von Wchinitz und Tettau; 22 October 1834 – 2 January 1904) was the 7th Prince Kinsky of Wchinitz and Tettau.

## Early life

Prince Ferdinand Bonaventura was born in Vienna, capital of the Austrian Empire, as the only son of Rudolf, 6th Prince Kinsky of Wchinitz and Tettau and Countess Wilhelmine Elisabeth of Colloredo-Mannsfeld. He became the prince at the age of 1, upon the death of his father in 1836.

## Marriage and family

Ferdinand Bonaventura was married on 5 April 1856 in Vienna to Princess Maria Josepha of Liechtenstein (1835–1905), youngest daughter of Prince Karl of Liechtenstein and his wife, Countess Franzisca of Wrbna and Freudenthal.
They had seven children:
* Countess Wilhelmine Kinsky of Wchinitz and Tettau (5 April 1857 – 1 October 1909), married in 1878 to Franz, Prince of Auersperg; had issue.
* Karl Rudolf Ferdinand Andreas, 8th Prince Kinsky of Wchinitz and Tettau (29 November 1858 – 11 December 1919), married in 1895 to Countess Elisabeth Wolff-Metternich zur Gracht; no issue.
* Rudolf, 9th Prince Kinsky of Wchinitz and Tettau (11 December 1859 – 13 March 1930), married in 1881 to Countess Marie of Wilczek; had 5 daughters.
* Countess Franziska Kinsky of Wchinitz and Tettau (26 December 1861 – 11 July 1935), married in 1879 to Alfred, 2nd Prince of Montenuovo; had issue.
* Countess Elisabeth Wilhelmina Maria Prokopia Cyrilla Methodia Kinsky of Wchinitz and Tettau (4 July 1865 – 10 July 1941), married in 1884 to Johann, Count of Wilczek; had issue. Grandmother of Georgina, Princess Consort of Liechtenstein, born Countess Georgina von Wilczek
* Count Ferdinand Vincenz Rudolf Kinsky of Wchinitz and Tettau (8 September 1866 – 3 February 1916), married in 1892 to Princess Aglaë of Auersperg; had issue. Father of Ulrich, 10th Prince Kinsky of Wchinitz and Tettau; grandfather of Marie, Princess Consort of Liechtenstein, born Countess Marie Aglaë Kinsky of Wchinitz and Tettau
* Countess Marie Clotilde Kinsky of Wchinitz and Tettau (30 May 1878 – 19 July 1945), married in 1897 to Count Ottokar von Czernin; had issue.
In 1873 he was invested as Knight of the Austrian Order of the Golden Fleece. He died in 1904 and was succeeded by his eldest son Karl.

## Notes and sources

* Almanach de Gotha, Reference: 1874 150
* Genealogisches Handbuch des Adels, Fürstliche Häuser, Reference: 1956
Ferdinand Bonaventura, 7th Prince Kinsky of Wchinitz and Tettau House of KinskyBorn: 22 October 1834 Died: 2 January 1904 :
| Titles of nobility |||
| Preceded byRudolf | Prince Kinsky of Wchinitz and Tettau 27 January 1836 – 2 January 1904 | Succeeded byKarl |
# Sickingen Heights

The Sickingen Heights (German: Sickinger Höhe) form a landscape in the western part of the German state of Rhineland-Palatinate. The region was named after the family of imperial knight, Franz von Sickingen (1481–1523), because most of the area belonged to the territory of the House of Sickingen in the Middle Ages.

## Geography
### Location

The Sickingen Heights form the northern part of the Westrich Plateau; about a third of the area within the county of Kaiserslautern and two-thirds in the county of Südwestpfalz. It extends from Sickingen's town of Landstuhl in the north almost to the town of Zweibrücken in the south and from the border between Rhineland-Palatinate and the Saarland in the west to the Palatinate Forest in the east.

### Geology

The Sickingen Heights belong to the major region known as the Palatine-Saarland Muschelkalk Region (Pfälzisch-Saarländisches Muschelkalkgebiet). The hilly plateau, which lies at heights from 300 to 430 m above sea level (NN) descends very steeply in the north in several, densely wooded, escarpments to the Landstuhl Marsh. Numerous small and medium-sized rock formations from the bunter sandstone of the Karlstal beds outcrop along the escarpment, for example the Heidenfelsen near Hauptstuhl, the eponymous rocks near Bärenloch in Kindsbach or the rock landscape in the Fleischackerloch near Landstuhl. Somewhat less rugged in appearance is the plateau's westward transition to the Saarland and even less than that in the east, where the valley of the Moosalb forms the boundary. In the south the Sickingen Heights transition almost seamlessly into the Zweibrücken Hills.

### Rivers and streams

Much of the Sickingen Heights is drained southwards by the Moosalb, Wallhalb and Auerbach into the Schwarzbach and then via the Blies, Saar and Moselle into the Rhine. The Lambsbach flows westwards directly into the Blies.

## Sights and culture

* In the old schoolhouse at Queidersbach, built in 1836, is the Sickingen Heights Museum (Museum Sickinger Höhe). Opened in 1976 and covering an area of 500 m$^2$, the museum offers an overview of history of the region from early times until the recent past.
* In 1869, the Krähenberg Meteorite fell in the eponymous parish. At the site of the impact there is a commemorative stone with an information board about the event, Since 2009 the Meteorite Trail (Winterbach–Krähenberg–Kleinbundenbach–Großbundenbach–Zweibrücken) has been established as a themed walk.
* In Herschberg every two years, the Wallhaben collective municipality hosts the Sickingen Dialect Poetry Competition (Sickinger Mundartdichter-Wettstreit).

## Settlement and transportation

The land is sparsely settled and the only large towns occur on the lower-lying perimeter of the plateau. There are no pan-regional transport routes, except for a mostly two-lane section of the A 62 motorway Landstuhl–Pirmasens.
Due to its remoteness, the region is well suited for hiking e.g. along the Mill Trail in the Wallhalb Valley. Over the Sickingen Heights runs the waymarked North Route of the Palatine sections of the historic Way of St. James.
# Ian Herring

Ian Herring (born 14 February 1984) is an English football player and manager, who plays as a midfielder. He was most recently player-manager of Hungerford Town.

## Career

Herring made his debut for Swindon Town on 20 April 2002, at home to Wycombe Wanderers in the 1–1 draw coming on as a substitute in the 89th minute replacing Paul McAreavey in the last game of the 2001–02 season.
He joined Salisbury City from Chippenham Town in August 2007 to pursue full-time football. In 2009, he was released by Salisbury City who he spent three-years as a player at the club. In July, Herring joined Conference North team Northwich Victoria. Herring left Northwich at the end of the season.
Herring signed for Conference National side Forest Green Rovers in June 2010.
In February 2011 Swindon Town manager Danny Wilson expressed an interest in taking Herring back to his home club after some impressive performances at the heart of midfield for Forest Green Rovers.
Herring joined Conference South side Eastleigh on loan for a month in February 2011, playing in 5 league matches. The move was then made permanent in March 2011. Herring finished the season with 13 league appearances in total.
On 27 January 2012, following several new signings at Eastleigh, Herring joined previous club Chippenham Town on a month's loan.
Herring left Eastleigh at the end of the season and in July 2012 it was announced he had signed for Southern League South & West Division side Hungerford Town. In September 2017 he was appointed joint player/manager alongside Jon Boardman. Herring left Hungerford Town in April 2020.
# Pachydota striata

Pachydota striata is a moth of the subfamily Arctiinae. It was described by Paul Dognin in 1893. It is found in Colombia, Venezuela, Ecuador and Peru.
# Hans Ferdinand Massmann

Hans Ferdinand Massmann (German: Maßmann; 15 August 1797 – 3 August 1874) was a German philologist, known for his studies in Old German language and literature, and for his work introducing gymnastics into schools in Prussia.

## Biography

Massmann was born in Berlin, Margraviate of Brandenburg, where he also studied. He served in the War of Liberation, was a member of the Jena Burschenschaft, and was present at the Wartburg festival of 1817, where he participated in the book burning. In Berlin, he had been a friend and a pupil of Jahn. His radical ideas and "demagogue" sympathies brought him into difficulties with the authorities.
In 1826, he became the teacher in charge of gymnastics at the Royal Gymnastic Institute of Munich. Initially his duties included military cadets. Later his duties were extended to a public outdoor exercise facility (German: Turnanstalt) which was to serve all the schools in the city. Later he was also chosen professor of Old German Literature at the university.
In 1841, he went to Berlin to confer with Minister Eichhorn regarding the revival of physical training in Prussia. Eichhorn later spoke with Adolf Spiess, a citizen of Hesse who had been directing such programs in Burgdorf, Switzerland. In 1842, Massmann was chosen to implement the plans developed, a position which he resigned in 1851. During this time, he accepted the chair of Germanic philology at the city university.
He died in Muskau in Lusatia.

## Works

Massmann's writings include editions of Deutsche Gedichte des 12 Jahrhunderts (1837–42); Gottfried's Tristan and Iseult (1843); Kaiserchronik (1849–53); of the biblical translations of the Gothic bishop Ulfilas (1855–56) and of Tacitus's Germania (1847). He was also the author of Geschichte des mittelalterlichen Schachspiels (1839) and Litteratur der Totentänze (1840).
# Gum

Gum or GUM may refer to:

## Viscous or sticky substances

* Chewing gum, designed to be chewed without being swallowed
** Bubble gum, designed to be inflated out of the mouth as a bubble
** Gum base, the masticatory delivery system
* Natural gum, polysaccharides of natural origin, including a list of natural gums
* Gum (botany), sap or other resinous material associated with certain species of the plant kingdom
* Postage stamp gum, applied to the back of a stamp

## Arts, entertainment and media

* Mr. Gum, a series of novels for children by Andy Stanton, and the protagonist
* Gum, a character in the Jet Set Radio video game franchise
* Gums, a character in the British comic Monster Fun
* Great Uncle Matthew, a character in the novel Ballet Shoes by Noel Streatfeild
* Gum, a character from the 2016 adult animated film Sausage Party
* "The Gum", episode of comedy TV show Seinfeld
* Gums (film), a 1976 horror film
* Gum, a 2017 book by Nancy Willard
* Glasgow University Magazine, in Scotland
* Ghent University Museum in Belgium
* GUM, the moniker used by musician Jay Watson for solo recordings

## People

* Gum (footballer) (Welington Pereira Rodrigues, born 1986), Brazilian footballer
* Allen Gum (born 1969), American baseball coach
* Gum Nanse (born 1947), South Korean conductor
* Gum Tayeng (fl. from 2013), an Indian politician
* Gum Yuen (1875–1943), Chinese Australian community leader
* Jay Watson (born 1991), Australian musician who records as GUM

## Other uses

* Gums, the soft tissue partly covering teeth
* Gum (crater), on the Moon
* GUM (department store), in Russia
* Gum Air, a Surinamese airline
* Gum languages of New Guinea
* Gum River, in Papua New Guinea
* GUM, the ISO 3166 country code for Guam
* Antonio B. Won Pat International Airport, Guam, FAA/IATA airport code GUM
* Guide to the Expression of Uncertainty in Measurement (GUM), a guide measurement uncertainty
# Jack Brownell

Jack Thomas Brownell (born 3 August 1999) is an English footballer who plays as a right back for Hallam FC.

## Career

Brownell joined Chesterfield at U16 level and signed a professional contract with the club in April 2017. His contract was not renewed by Chesterfield at the end of the 2017–18 season.
Brownell joined Spalding United in September 2018 and subsequently moved to Worksop Town FC prior to his transfer to Hallam FC in 2020.

## Career statistics

    As of match played 23 April 2017
| Club | Season | League | League | League | FA Cup | FA Cup | League Cup | League Cup | Other | Other | Total | Total |
| Club | Season | Division | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals |
| Chesterfield | 2016–17 | League One | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
| Chesterfield | 2017–18 | League Two | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Career total | Career total | Career total | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
# Jack Durrant

Jack William Durrant (born 6 May 1991) is an English footballer, who plays as a defender.

## Career

Durrant started his career as a youth player in Cheltenham Town's under-16 team, before signing a scholarship in 2007 with the club. In November 2008, he was loaned out to Southern Football League Premier Division team Mangotsfield United for one-month. He made his first team debut in the FA Cup third round replay away against Doncaster Rovers, on 20 January 2009. Durrant replaced Dave Bird as a substitute in the 77th minute in the 3–0 defeat. He made his Football League debut in a League One match against Leicester City in the 4–0 away defeat on 7 March, replacing Josh Low as a substitute in the 72nd minute. He was released by the club along with seven other players in May 2010.
On 2 August 2011, he signed on to Southern Football League Division One South & West club Didcot Town from Bridgwater Town, before moving on to Bitton and then to Bishop Sutton.
# Aller Canal

The Aller Canal (German: Allerkanal) is a canal built in the mid-19th century in the German state of Lower Saxony. The canal is 18 kilometres (11 mi) long and runs between Wolfsburg and Gifhorn. It was built to protect agricultural land from flooding by the river Aller. The nearly straight canal carries water from the Aller more quickly than the river itself can in its meandering course through this section of the old glacial valley.

## Route

The Aller Canal was completed in 1863 after a three-year construction period. It begins near Weyhausen just beyond the city of Wolfsburg, where it is joined by the tributary of the Kleine Aller. Here the Aller divides itself between its natural river channel and the canal. The canal runs in an almost straight line through the wetland of the Barnbruch as far as Gifhorn where it passes the town to the south. West of Gifhorn the canal uses the upgraded and widened stream bed of the Hehlenriede and, 5 km west of Gifhorn, near Brenneckenbrück on the B 188, it rejoins the Aller. About a kilometre before that the water of the canal drops by about a metre over a weir. The river flows parallel and north of the canal by several kilometres and, in this flat area of the Aller's old glacial valley, forms tightly-spaced meanders which reduce the water velocity in the river.

## Construction

The construction of the Aller Canal between 1860 and 1863 stemmed from a state treaty between Prussia, the Kingdom of Hanover and Duchy of Brunswick for the regulation of the Aller. Its purpose was to control the spring floods in the Aller valley and to assist in draining the former swampland of the Barnbruch. The canal is only about 5 m wide and 1 m deep. To appreciate the feat achieved by its builders it should be borne in mind that, at the time, there was almost no technical equipment and workers had to excavate the channel by hand using shovels.
A monument to the construction was erected by the canal between Brenneckenbrück and Gifhorn-Winkel. It carries the following inscription:
    Allerkanal, erbaut 1860-63, Kostenaufwand 45.000 Thaler, den Bauern der Allerdörfer von Wolfsburg bis Diekhorst, die ihn schufen, dem Wasserbauinspektor August Hess in Celle, der ihn baute und den Männern, die ihn betreuten zum Gedenken
...which means: "To commemorate the Aller Canal, built 1860-63 at a cost of 45,000 thalers, and the farmers of the Aller villages from Wolfsburg to Diekhorst who created it, hydraulic engineer, August Hess, in Celle, who designed it, and the men he oversaw."

## Water quality

The Lower Saxon water quality report of 2004 assessed the chemical water contamination of the Aller Canal along with the river Aller itself as moderately polluted (water quality class II). Because the fascines that secured the banks have largely rotted away, the canal has become a near-natural waterway. The canal runs through the deciduous woods of the Barnbruch, which provides shade. This prevents the growth of weeds in the river bed, unlike the river Aller which is unshaded in most places.

## Tributaries

* Aller
* Hehlenriede
* Mühlenriede
* Rötgesbütteler Riede
* Vollbütteler Riede
# Jack Kiersey

Jack Alexander Kiersey (born 26 September 1998) is an English professional footballer who plays as a midfielder most recently for Walsall.

## Career

Born in Manchester, Kiersey signed for Everton at the age of 10, turning professional in May 2017. He signed for Walsall in July 2019. His contract with the club expired in January 2020, and he left the club, although he continued to train with them. In June 2020, Walsall manager Darrell Clarke said he would consider giving Kiersey another chance if he overcame injury problems.
He is eligible to represent both England and the Republic of Ireland at international level.
# Illini–Badger Football Conference

The Illini–Badger Football Conference (IBFC) was an athletic conference with the NCAA's Division III. Member teams were located in Illinois and Wisconsin. As the name indicates, member teams only competed in football. They participated in other athletic conferences in other sports. The conference's last season was in 2007.
In 1989, the conference changed its name to the Illini–Badger–Hawkeye Football Conference and added four new members: Blackburn College in Carlinville, Illinois, Greenville College—now known as Greenville University—in Greenville, Illinois, MacMurray College in Jacksonville, Illinois, and Iowa Wesleyan College—now known as Iowa Wesleyan University—in Mount Pleasant, Iowa.

## Member teams during final season

* Aurora University
* Benedictine University
* Concordia University Chicago
* Concordia University Wisconsin
* Eureka College
* Greenville College
* Lakeland College
* MacMurray College

## Former members

* Iowa Wesleyan College (1989–1992)
* Milton College (1976–1982)
* Northeastern Illinois University (1976–1988)
* Principia College (1989–1992)
* Quincy University (1993–1996)

## Conference champions

* 1975 – Milton
* 1976 – Milton
* 1977 – Northeastern Illinois
* 1978 – Milton
* 1979 – Lakeland
* 1980 – Milton
* 1981 – Concordia (WI), Milton & Northeastern Illinois
* 1982 – Northeastern Illinois
* 1983 – Concordia (IL)
* 1984 – Northeastern Illinois
* 1985 – Lakeland
* 1986 – Lakeland
* 1987 – Concordia (IL)
* 1988 – Concordia (WI)
* 1989 – Greenville
* 1990 – Concordia (WI)
* 1991 – Eureka
* 1992 – Greenville
* 1993 – Quincy
* 1994 – Quincy
* 1995 – Eureka
* 1996 – Lakeland
* 1997 – Lakeland
* 1998 – Aurora
* 1999 – Aurora
* 2000 – Aurora
* 2001 – MacMurray
* 2002 – MacMurray
* 2003 – Concordia (WI)
* 2004 – Aurora, Concordia (WI) & Lakeland
* 2005 – Lakeland
* 2006 – Concordia (WI)
* 2007 – Concordia (WI) & Lakeland
# Walter C. Carrington

Walter C. Carrington (July 24, 1930 – August 11, 2020) was an American diplomat who served as the United States ambassador extraordinary and plenipotentiary to Senegal and Nigeria.
Carrington served as the U.S. ambassador to Senegal from 1980 to 1981. He was appointed by U.S. president Bill Clinton in 1993 as the U.S. ambassador to Nigeria, where he remained until 1997. His ties to Nigeria were deep; he had married into a Nigerian family and had lived in three Nigerian cities since the late 1960s.

## Career

Carrington graduated from the Harvard Law School (AB 1952; JD 1955). Upon graduation from Harvard, he enlisted in the U.S. Army, where one of his assignments was as an enlisted man with the Judge Advocate General Corps (Germany, 1955–57). Upon separation from the military, he entered a private law practice in Boston, Massachusetts; during that time, he also served as commissioner of the Massachusetts Commission Against Discrimination, the youngest person to serve until that date. He held various positions in the Peace Corps from 1961 to 1971, serving as country director in Sierra Leone, Senegal, and Tunisia and then as regional director for Africa (1969–71). From 1971 to 1980, he was executive vice president of the African-American Institute.
Carrington served as the United States ambassador to the Republic of Senegal from 1980 to 1981. In 1981, he was named director of the Department of International Affairs of Howard University. He published several articles on Africa. He served as U.S. ambassador to Nigeria from 1993 to 1997. On September 1, 2004, Carrington was named the Warburg Professor of International Relations at Simmons College in Boston.
Carrington was a member of Alpha Phi Alpha fraternity. In 1997, he received an honorary doctorate (Doctor of Humane Letters) from Livingstone College, North Carolina.
In 1991, Carrington published Africa in the Minds and Deeds of Black American Leaders (with Edwin Dorn). In 2010, he published A Duty to Speak: Refusing to Remain Silent in a Time of Tyranny, a compilation of his speeches supporting democracy and human rights in Nigeria during the Sani Abacha military dictatorship. He also wrote many Africa-related articles for national magazines.
# Short Letter, Long Farewell

Short Letter, Long Farewell (German: Der kurze Brief zum langen Abschied) is a 1972 novel by the Austrian writer Peter Handke. It tells the story of a young Austrian writer who travels across the United States in search of his wife from whom he is estranged. The film-director John Ford appears as a character who brings resolution at the end of the road on the coast of California. His film Young Mr. Lincoln also serves as a point of reference and an antidote to the alienation experienced by the stranger crossing the States. The novel shares many themes and motifs with the film Alice in the Cities from 1974, directed by Handke's frequent collaborator Wim Wenders; the film can be seen as a response to the book.
# Periklis Korovesis

Periklis Korovesis (Greek: Περικλής Κοροβέσης; 20 July 1941 – 11 April 2020), also published as Pericles Korovessis, was a Greek author and journalist and a member of the Hellenic Parliament.

## Biography

Korovesis was born in Argostoli, Kefalonia, in 1941. He studied theatre with Dimitris Rontiris and Semiotics with Roland Barthes. He also attended some classes of Pierre Vidal-Naquet in Paris. From an early age, Korovesis participated actively in the democratic movement. During the military junta (1967–1974) he was arrested, imprisoned and exiled. His first book, The Method: A Personal Account of the Tortures in Greece (Anthropofylakes in Greek), is a personal account of the tortures that he experienced at the police headquarters in Bouboulinas Street at the time of the Colonels' military junta. Korovesis' story was a significant testimony for Amnesty International and the Council of Europe in order to file charges against the regime of the colonels for the appalling treatment of political prisoners.

### Parliamentary and social activities

Korovesis was an elected Member of Parliament with the left-wing party Coalition of the Radical Left (SY.RIZ.A) in the 2007 Greek legislative election for the Athens A constituency. He failed to be re-elected MP in 2009 elections. He was an advocate of human rights, immigrants, environmental issues and Greek diaspora.

## Books

Korovesis' first book titled Anthropofylakes has been translated into French (Seuil, 1969), English (Allison & Busby, 1970, and Panther, 1970), Swedish (Rubén et Sjӧrgen, 1970), Finnish (Weilin+Gӧӧs, 1970), Norwegian (Gyldendal, 1973), Turkish (Yӧntem, 1972, & Alan Yayincilik, 1989), German (Zweitausendeins,1981 and Raith,1976), Portuguese (Publicaciōes Europa-America,1970). He also wrote poetry and children's stories.
Korovesis wrote articles for Eleftherotypia, Epochi and Efimerida ton Syntakton newspapers and for the magazine Galera. His personal blog was titled Left Recycling.

## Death

Korovesis died, aged 78, in an Athens hospital on 11 April 2020.