OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Rotella, Marche

Rotella is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Ascoli Piceno in the Italian region Marche, located about 70 km (43 mi) south of Ancona and about 11 km (6.8 mi) north of Ascoli Piceno. As of 31 December 2005, it has a population of 985 and an area of 27.2 km$^2$ (10.5 sq mi).
The municipality of Rotella contains the frazioni (subdivisions, mainly villages and hamlets) Castel di Croce, Capradosso, and Poggio Canoso.
Rotella borders the following municipalities: Ascoli Piceno, Castignano, Force, Montedinove, Montelparo, Venarotta.
Among the prominent public buildings in Rotella are:
* Torre Civica dell'Orologio
* Museo Piccolomini, Rotella
* Santi Maria e Lorenzo
* Sanctuary of the Madonna della Consolazione, Montemisio
* Santa Lucia di Capradosso
* Santa Lucia di Poggio Canoso
* San Severino
* Santa Viviana or Chiesa delle Icone
# Santa Lucia di Capradosso

Santa Lucia is a gothic-style Roman Catholic church located at Piazza Umberto I in the hamlet of Capradosso, a frazione of the town of Rotella, in the province of Ascoli Piceno, region of Marche, Italy. It is also known as the Santa Lucia a Capradosso.

## History and description

This church houses a Gothic reliquary from the 15th century, attributed to Alessandro Battista da Marcuccio, a pupil of Pietro Vannini. The interior is decorated with polychrome baroque stucco decorations. The crypt is dedicated to St Pontico. A canvas in a lunette, depicting the Madonna of the Rosary above donors of the Gabrielli family is attributed to a follower of Simone de Magistris.
# Hol Church (Nordland)

Hol Church (Norwegian: Hol kirke) is a parish church of the Church of Norway in Vestvågøy Municipality in Nordland county, Norway. It is located on the southeastern edge of the town of Leknes on the island of Vestvågøya. It is the church for the Hol parish which is part of the Lofoten prosti (deanery) in the Diocese of Sør-Hålogaland. The white, wooden church was built in a cruciform style in 1806 using plans drawn up by an unknown architect. The church seats about 300 people.

## History

Hol Church is the second oldest church in the island region of Lofoten, and it dates back to at least the mid-14th century. The earliest existing historical record of the church dates back to the year 1417, but the church was not new at that time. In 1666, the church was described as being in terrible condition. In 1725, the church was described as being in disrepair and in need of replacement. In 1734, the old church was torn down and a new church was rebuilt on the same site. The new church was a "long church" without a tower and it was approximately 17 by 7 metres (56 ft × 23 ft). The altarpiece is most likely the work of Gottfried Ezekiel (ca. 1719–1798). He arrived in Bergen from the Baltic Sea town of Königsberg in 1744, after he received a commission as a painter. By 1751, he arrived in northern Norway where he painted a number of altarpieces for local churches.
Over time the church deteriorated and was repaired. By 1804, the church was in such bad shape that it was completely rebuilt. Some of the old materials were re-used in the new church. The newly rebuilt church was finished in 1806 and this time it was a log building in a cruciform design and a hipped roof. Petter Svaboe from Vågan was the chief builder of the new church.
In 1814, this church served as an election church (Norwegian: valgkirke). Together with more than 300 other parish churches across Norway, it was a polling station for elections to the 1814 Norwegian Constituent Assembly which wrote the Constitution of Norway. This was Norway's first national elections. Each church parish was a constituency that elected people called "electors" who later met together in each county to elect the representatives for the assembly that was to meet at Eidsvoll Manor later that year.
The cemetery at Hol Church was closed in 1830 since it was full and people had to be buried at the nearby Buksnes Church. In 1859, the church underwent a major renovation and repair work. A new cemetery was opened at Petvik in 1905 and people from Hol Church have been buried there since that time.
# Pastinachus

Pastinachus is a genus of stingrays in the family Dasyatidae. This genus was long held to be monotypic, containing only the cowtail stingray (P. sephen). Recent studies of Indo-Pacific stingrays have revealed that there are in fact a number of different species of Pastinachus, and that some former junior synonyms may need to be resurrected.

## Species

* Pastinachus ater (W. J. Macleay, 1883) (Broad cowtail stingray)
* Pastinachus gracilicaudus Last & Manjaji-Matsumoto, 2010 (Narrow cowtail stingray)
* Pastinachus sephen (Forsskål, 1775) (Cowtail stingray)
* Pastinachus solocirostris Last, Manjaji & Yearsley, 2005 (Roughnose cowtail stingray)
* Pastinachus stellurostris Last, Fahmi & Naylor, 2010 (Starrynose cowtail stingray)

## Phylogeny

Combining the molecular genetic relationship analysis of the NADH2 DNA, which was used to assign Pastinachus stellurostris, and the analysis of the COI gene, which was used to evaluate P. gracilicaudus accordingly, results in approximately the following cladogram for the genus:
# Posht Tang, Bijar

Posht Tang (Persian: پشت تنگ, also Romanized as Posht-e Tang; also known as Poshteh Tang and Pushtang) is a village in Najafabad Rural District, in the Central District of Bijar County, Kurdistan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 136, in 31 families. The village is populated by Kurds.
# Heanor Urban District

Heanor was an Urban District in Derbyshire, England from 1894 to 1974. It was created under the Local Government Act 1894.
The district was abolished in 1974 under the Local Government Act 1972 and combined with the Alfreton, Belper, Heanor and Ripley urban districts and Belper Rural District to form the new Amber Valley district.
# Cylon of Croton

Cylon of Croton (Ancient Greek: Κυλώνειο) was a leading citizen of Croton, Magna Graecia, who led a revolt against the Pythagoreans, probably around 509 BC. According to Iamblichus' De Vita Pythagorae, Cylon had previously tried and failed to be accepted into the Pythagorean order (VP 248); however, the clearly pro-Pythagorean bias of Iamblichus' work means we should take this with a grain of salt. In the climactic moment of the revolt, a meeting house was set on fire as the Pythagoreans were debating inside - according, again, to Iamblichus (VP 249). After the success of the rebellion, all debts owed were eliminated and property was seized for redistribution; this arguably resulted in Pythagoras being expelled from Croton.
# Tahtalı Dağı

Tahtalı Dağı, also known as Lycian Olympus, is a mountain near Kemer, a seaside resort on the Turkish Riviera in Antalya Province, Turkey. It was known as Olympus (Ancient Greek: Ὄλυμπος; also transliterated as Olympos) and Phoenicus or Phoinikous (Ancient Greek: Φοινικοῦς) in ancient times. It is part of the Beydağları Coastal National Park. Visitors can ascend the summit with the Olympos Aerial Tram. The Lycian Way long distance trail traverses the mountain.

## Geography

Tahtalı Dağı lies on the east coast of the Teke Peninsula (Lycian Peninsula), dominating the landscape around Kemer. Located between Antalya and Finike and the dominant peak of the mountain range Bey Dağları (Turkish: Bey Mountains). From it, the start of the Taurus Mountains can be seen. Its close proximity to the coast of the Mediterranean Sea also make it visible from afar to mariners. It is the highest mountain in the Natural Park of Olympos - Beydağları - Milli Park. From November and often into June, the summit is covered with ice and snow. In spring dust in the Saharan winds color these peaks reddish brown. During summer they are often obscured by clouds. The tree line starts at about 1900 meters altitude.

## History

In ancient times the mountain was called Olympus, the home of the gods, a name it shares with many other high mountains. Nearby, was a town of the same name. On the Lycian Olympus stood a temple of Hephaestus. The Periplus of Pseudo-Scylax does not mention Olympus, but its Siderus is evidently no other place. The ruins of the ancient city of Phaselis lie at the foot of Tahtalı.
Today's Turkish name could derive from tahta (Turkish: wooden panel, wooden board), but more likely it derives from the Turkish taht ("throne" in Turkish, referring to Olympus as the throne of the Gods).

## Funicular Olympos Teleferik

The cable car company Olympos Teleferik, a Turkish-Swiss Cooperation, has been in operation since June 16, 2007. It owns one cable car line leading to the summit of Tahtalı. Its bottom station is located within 8 km of both Tekirova and Çamyuva on the eastern side of the mountain. With a length of 4350 meters, the Olympos Teleferik is one of the longer aerial tramways. It was built by the Doppelmayr / Garaventa Group, one of the leading companies in the design and manufacture of cable cars.
In order to transport the materials up the mountain, a simple ropeway was built. The materials consisted of approximately 3,700 cubic meters of concrete, 4,500 cubic meters of water, 420 tons of steel and 8,600 tons of gravel.
The funicular has two cabins able to transport up to 80 individuals and overcome the height difference of 1639 m within 10 minutes with the help of a 1000 kW engine. The cabins are carried by two supporting cables having a diameter of 51 mm which are pulled by a cord with a diameter of 38 mm. The cables pass the four cable car towers with a maximum speed of 10 m/s (36 km/h). This setup enables the Olympos Teleferik to transport up to 480 people per hour.
# Besson Rock

Besson Rock (Bulgarian: скала Бесон, romanized: skala Besson, IPA:) is the rock off the northwest coast of Nelson Island in the South Shetland Islands, Antarctica extending 45 m in southeast–northwest direction and 32 m in southwest–northeast direction. Its surface area is 0.09 ha. The vicinity was visited by early 19th century sealers.
The feature is named after Jacques Besson (ca 1540–1573), a French inventor and mathematician who created the cosmolabe, an instrument to be used for navigation, surveying and cartography; in association with other names in the area deriving from the early development or use of geodetic instruments and methods.

## Location

Besson Rock is located at 62°14′56″S 59°11′10.7″W﻿ / ﻿62.24889°S 59.186306°W﻿ / -62.24889; -59.186306, which is 1.93 km north of Smilets Point, 2.78 km northeast of Folger Rock, 2.78 km southwest of Withem Island and 2.27 km west by north of Retamales Point. British mapping in 1968.
# Bronze Fallow Cockatiel

The bronze fallow cockatiel is a kind of cockatiel that sports red eyes. It was first seen in the bird house belonging to Irma Vowels in Florida. It is also known as fallow.

## Description

When a bronze fallow cockatiel is born, it has a pale pink eye. As they mature ,the eye color slightly darkens, a bronze fallow cockatiel's eyes are lighter than a Lutino cockatiel, whose red eye is darker. A yellow wash may emerge across the body.
One feature is unlike other mutations. Male bronze fallow cockatiels differ from females. Females are usually softer while the males may have light color at a young age, but darken as they mature.
# Tidens Tegn

Tidens Tegn (Norwegian: Sign of the Times) is a former Norwegian newspaper, issued in Oslo from 1910 to 1941.

## Editors

The founder and first editor-in-chief of Tidens Tegn was Ola Thommessen, who edited the newspaper until 1917. Thommessen had recently left the editor chair of Verdens Gang in protest, bringing much of Verdens Gang´s staff with him. From 1917 to 1938 the editor-in-chief was Rolf Thommessen, son of the founder. Another son Bjørn Thommessen was central as well. Jonas Schanche Jonasen edited the newspaper from 1938 to 1940, when he fled from the country to Great Britain. Ranik Halle was editor from 1940 until the newspaper was discontinued in 1941.

## 1910s and 1920s

Politically the newspaper supported the Liberal Left Party (Norwegian: Frisinnede Venstre, later called the Frisinnede Folkeparti). The newspaper became one of the most important and largest in Norway during the 1910s and 1920s. Among the contributors were Einar Skavlan, Olaf Bull, Sven Elvestad, Hans E. Kinck, Herman Wildenvey, Christian Krohg, Nils Collett Vogt, Ronald Fangen, Sigurd Bødtker, Nils Kjær, Erling Winsnes, Carl Nærup and Selma Lagerlöf. Tidens Tegn bought Verdens Gang in 1923, and then acquired Ørebladet in 1924. The newspaper issued an evening edition called Oslo Aftenavis from 1924 to 1932, and the Saturday supplement Film og radio ("Film and Radio"). Tidens Tegn and Oslo Aftenavis were the first Norwegian tabloid newspapers.

## 1930s

The newspaper achieved a bad reputation in the late 1920s and the 1930s. The paper published Vidkun Quisling's series of articles Russland og vi, and also early political documents from the Fascist party Nasjonal Samling. During the 1930s the number of subscribers decreased significantly, the newspaper had financial problems, and editor Rolf Thommessen was forced to resign. The new editors did not want to continue the publication during the German occupation of Norway, and Tidens Tegn was discontinued in 1941. One of the editors, Jonas Schanche Jonason, had to leave Norway for London during this period. In 1945 a new newspaper with an old name, Verdens Gang, took over Tidens Tegn’s properties.
# Lacuy Peninsula

The Lacuy Peninsula (Spanish: península de Lacuy), alternatively spelled with i, is located in the northwestern corner of Chiloé Island. The peninsula lies a few kilometer west of Ancud but the isthmus that connects to the rest Chiloé Island lies more than 10 km west of Ancud. During colonial times, the peninsula hosted a Spanish fort system consisting of three batteries, one sentinel outpost, and one fort. The fort, named Fuerte de Agüi, was the site of the battle of Agüi in 1820. The geological Lacui Formation is named after the peninsula.
# State Museum of Natural History Karlsruhe

The State Museum of Natural History Karlsruhe (German: Staatliches Museum für Naturkunde Karlsruhe), abbreviated SMNK, is one of the two state of Baden-Württemberg's natural history museums. Together with the State Museum of Natural History Stuttgart (Staatliches Museum für Naturkunde Stuttgart) it is one of the most important repositories for state-owned natural history collections.
It is well known for its exhibitions on all aspects of natural history in the city of Karlsruhe and beyond. Every year, the SMNK is visited by about 150,000 people.
Research at the museum mainly deals with various fields of natural history i.e. geology, paleontology, taxonomy, biogeography, and ecology. The SMNK is part of the national networks German Natural History Research Collections (DNFS), the Humboldt-Ring (Association of Research Museums) and of the International Council of Museums (ICOM).
The SMNK looks back at a long history as it emerged from the cabinet of natural history of Landgravine Caroline Louise of Hesse-Darmstadt during the mid 18th century.

## Controversy

The museum has been criticized for unethical and possibly illegal appropriation of fossils. The fossil that has been informally named "Ubirajara jubatus", an unusual dinosaur from the Cretaceous period with structures that might be early feathers, was found in 1990 in Brazil by a team of paleontologists. It was exported from the country 1995 with a permit for unspecified fossil specimens (making it impossible to directly link it to the "Ubirajara" fossil) from Brazilian authorities. However, Brazilian law does not allow permanent exports of fossils, only loans. As a consequence, the paper describing the fossil was temporarily removed. The fossil was returned to Brazil in 2023. Other Brazilian fossils in the museum, notably Unwindia and Susisuchus, faced similar ethical concerns.
# Apostolic Nunciature to Togo

The Apostolic Nunciature to Togo is the diplomatic mission of the Holy See to Togo. The Apostolic Nuncio to Togo is an ecclesiastical office of the Catholic Church in Togo, with the rank of an ambassador. The nuncio serves both as the ambassador of the Holy See to Benin and as the point-of-contact between the Catholic hierarchy in Togo and the Pope.
In 1948, the Holy See established the Delegation to Dakar led by Marcel-François Lefebvre to represent its interests in French colonial Africa. Following the decolonization of the region, the title of that position was changed to Apostolic Delegate to Western Africa on 23 September 1960 and given responsibility for Senegal, Upper Volta, Côte d'Ivoire, Dahomey (Benin), Guinea, Mauritania, Niger, Sudan, Togo, Ghana, Gambia, and Sierra Leone. Over the next decade, as the Vatican established relationships with individual countries, country-specific offices were created, including the Delegations to Guinea, Togo, Mali, and Mauritania on 21 May 1973.
The title Apostolic Nuncio to Togo is held by the prelate appointed Apostolic Nuncio to Benin; he resides in Benin.

## List of papal representatives to Togo
### Apostolic Delegates

* Bruno Wüstenberg (20 December 1973 – 17 January 1979)
* Giuseppe Ferraioli (25 August 1979 – 21 July 1981)

### Apostolic Pro-Nuncios

* Ivan Dias (8 May 1982 – 20 June 1987)
* Giuseppe Bertello (17 October 1987 – 12 January 1991)
* Abraham Kattumana (8 May 1991 – 16 December 1992)

### Apostolic Nuncios

* André Dupuy (6 April 1993 – 27 March 2000)
* George Kocherry (10 June 2000 – 2002)
* Pierre Nguyên Van Tot (25 November 2002 – 24 August 2005)
* Michael August Blume (24 August 2005 – 2 February 2013)
* Brian Udaigwe (16 July 2013 – 13 June 2020)
* Mark Miles (2 March 2021 – 9 July 2024)
* Rubén Darío Ruiz Mainardi (28 October 2024 – present)
# Galician Assembly

The Galician Assembly (Ukrainian: Галицька Асамблея) was the joint session of the regional oblast councils of Lviv, Ternopil and Ivano-Frankivsk on February 16, 1991 in Ukraine (at the time part of the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic). The assembly approved an agreement of cooperation between the three regional councils in political, economic, scientific, humanitarian and cultural spheres to counterbalance the political instability in the Soviet Union.
# Bagworth and Thornton

Bagworth and Thornton, formerly just Bagworth is a civil parish in the Hinckley and Bosworth district of Leicestershire, England, west of Leicester. The 2001 Census recorded a population of 1,836, increasing at the 2011 census to 2,605. The parish includes the villages of Bagworth and Thornton.

## History

On 1 April 1935 the parish of Thornton was merged with Bagworth on 13 August 2001 the parish was renamed "Bagworth & Thornton".
# Khusheh Darreh, Ziviyeh

Khusheh Darreh (Persian: خوشه دره, also Romanized as Khūsheh Darreh) is a village in Saheb Rural District, Ziviyeh District, Saqqez County, Kurdistan Province, Iran. Karim mostafavi is in charge of oil distribution. At the 2006 census, its population was 235, in 54 families. The village is populated by Kurds.
# Razboyna Glacier

Razboyna Glacier (Bulgarian: ледник Разбойна, romanized: lednik Razboyna, IPA:) is the 3 nautical miles (5.6 km; 3.5 mi) long and 1 nautical mile (1.9 km; 1.2 mi) wide glacier in Petvar Heights on the southeast side of Sentinel Range in Ellsworth Mountains, Antarctica situated north of Drama Glacier, east of Kornicker Glacier, and south of the lower course of Thomas Glacier. It is draining the north slopes of Bagra Peak, and flowing northeastwards to leave the range north of Long Peak.
The feature is named after the settlements of Razboyna in northeastern and southeastern Bulgaria.

## Location

Razboyna Glacier is centred at 78°42′20″S 84°21′00″W﻿ / ﻿78.70556°S 84.35000°W﻿ / -78.70556; -84.35000. US mapping in 1988.
# Halae Araphenides

Halae Araphenides or Halai Araphenides (Ancient Greek: Ἁλαὶ Ἀραφηνίδες, romanized: Halái Araphenídes) was a deme of ancient Attica, situated on its eastern coast between Brauron and Araphen, and was the harbour of Brauron, whence persons crossed over to Marmarium in Euboea.

## Etymology

The deme draws the first part of its name from the saltiness along the coast, while the second part was introduced to distinguish it from the deme of Halae Aexonides.

## History

Halae was mentioned by Euripides as close to the chain of Karystia. In this place was conserved a statue of Artemis Tauria brought from Tauris by Iphigenia and Orestes.
In the deme, expiatory rites were held which consisted of withdrawing drops of blood from the throat of a man by means of a knife; furthermore, they had midnight feasts and Pyrrhic dances.
Its port was also used by citizens of a Brauron and for the marble quarries of Karystos, near the island of Euboea, being the closest port of Attica.

## Location

The site of Halae Araphenides is located near modern Artemida, Attica (formerly, Loutsa).
# Clawson, Hose and Harby

Clawson, Hose and Harby is a civil parish in Leicestershire, England, forming part of the Melton district. It contains the villages of Harby, Hose and Long Clawson and the parish was created from those former parishes on 1 April 1936 (originally named as just "Clawson and Harby"). The population of the civil parish at the 2011 census was 2,577.
# Narast

Narast (Persian: نارست, also Romanized as Nārast) is a village in Melkari Rural District, Vazineh District, Sardasht County, West Azerbaijan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 115, in 20 families.
# Gajgin

Gajgin (Persian: گجگين, also Romanized as Gajgīn and Gojgīn; also known as Gajkīn) is a village in Sar Asiab-e Farsangi Rural District, in the Central District of Kerman County, Kerman Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was just 247, in 62 families.
# Norwegian County Road 891

County Road 891 (Norwegian: Fylkesvei 891) is a Norwegian county road in Finnmark county, Norway. Having a length of 31.5 kilometers (19.6 mi), the road runs from the village of Båtsfjord in Båtsfjord Municipality to the southwest, past the lake Geatnjajávri, to the junction of Norwegian County Road 890 in Berlevåg Municipality. The mountain pass over Båtsfjordfjellet must be closed up to 65 times each winter due to snow storms.

## History

Before 1 January 2010, Road 891 was a Norwegian national road, after the regional reform came into force it has the status of a county road. In 2019, County Road 331 became part of Road 891.