OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Elpinice

Elpinice (Ancient Greek: Ἐλπινίκη Μιλτιάδου Λακιάδου, romanized: Elpinikē Miltiadou Lakiadou, flourished c. 510-450 BC) was a noblewoman of classical Athens. Part of the Cimonids (related to Cimon), her high status in society through birth and marriage influenced her outspoken nature as seen in Plutarch's works.

## Family

She was the daughter of Miltiades, tyrant of the Greek colonies on the Thracian Chersonese and Hegesipyle, daughter of King Olorus of Thrace. She was the sister of Cimon, an important Athenian political figure, and half-sister of Metiochus (eldest son of Miltiades, from a prior marriage). She is known from Plutarch's life of Pericles, where she appears twice in political confrontations with the Athenian statesman. Herodes Atticus claimed his lineage from Miltiades from Elpinice, and named his daughter after her. At her death she was buried with members of her own family by birth and not her husbands, showing her piety towards her blood family.

## Marriage and romantic affiliations

Greek law allowed marriage between a brother and sister if they had different mothers.
Some accounts say that Elpinice was for a time married to her brother, but was later given as a bride to Callias II, one of the richest men in Athens, who had fallen in love with her. Rumors of incestuous conduct between Cimon and Elpinice were prominent enough that archaeologists have found ostracons reflecting the rumors. It is possible that Callias had made marriage to Elpinice the condition for paying, on Cimon's behalf, the fine which had been imposed upon their father Miltiades and for which Cimon had inherited responsibility.
Callias and Elpinice probably married in the early 480s BC. By Callias, Elpinice was the mother of Hipponicus; Callias and Elpinice probably divorced after he was born.
She was a lover to the artist Polygnotus of Thasos who used her features in his work depicting the Trojan woman Laodice.

## Political and military associations

Miltiades was one of the major forces securing a victory in the Battle at Marathon during the Greco-Persian Wars. Elpinice, at the time, was still a child and not of age. She would have left Athens during the battle.
When Cimon was charged with treason for taking bribes from Alexander I, king of Macedonia, she negotiated his acquittal with Pericles.
When the people of the island of Samos revolted against Athenian rule, Pericles pursued a war against them and punished them by demolishing their city walls, confiscating their ships and forcing them to pay a large fine. Rather than celebrate the victory Elpinice was a lone voice who pointed out that it was won over Athens' own people rather that against her true foreign enemies such as the Phoenicians or Medes. Pericles rebuked her with the words "As an old woman you should not anoint yourself with oils." Which shows Pericles' views on women in Athenian political society, and how Elpinice might have been viewed by the men in the public sphere. Elpinice was one of the few women in antiquity who is shown to speak in public.
# Il Penseroso (painting)

Il Penseroso is an 1845 oil on canvas painting by British-American painter Thomas Cole, founder of the Hudson River School. The work is currently possessed by the Los Angeles County Museum of Art. Il Penseroso means "the thoughtful" in Italian.

## Artist's background

Tom Christopher wrote that “[Thomas] Cole’s greatest artistic asset proved to be his untutored eye.” Cole emigrated to America with his family in the spring of 1819 at the age of eighteen. As a child, his surroundings were of Lancashire, England, an area known to be an epicenter of Britain’s primarily industrial region. Because of this, Cole was granted an additional clarity of and sensitivity to the vibrancy of American landscapes awash with color, a stark contrast to the bleak and subdued landscapes of the country he left behind. From 1831 to 1832, Cole traversed Italy, where he encountered ruins.

## History

The work was commissioned by Charles M. Parker, along with L'Allegro, in 1844. Il Pensoroso was based on sketches Cole had made of Lake Nemi in Italy. The two works were finished in 1845 and exhibited at the National Academy of Design in the spring of 1846.
# Battle of the Brave

Battle of the Brave (French: Nouvelle-France) is a 2004 historical romance film directed by Jean Beaudin, written by Pierre Billon and starring Noémie Godin-Vigneau, David La Haye, Juliette Gosselin, Sébastien Huberdeau, Gérard Depardieu, Bianca Gervais, Irène Jacob, Pierre Lebeau, Vincent Pérez, Isabel Richer, Tim Roth, Jason Isaacs and Colm Meaney. Separate English and French language versions were shot simultaneously. The film cost CA$30 million, making it as of 2004, the most expensive ever made in Quebec.

## Plot

In 18th-century Quebec, Trapper Francois returns to his hometown to visit his father. Unfortunately his father has just died and Francois is clueless in regards to the business he just inherited. He trusts his father's lawyer will take care of everything including the claims of creditors who have demanded an investigation.
Like his friend Xavier before Francois soon develops a crush on Marie-Loup, the town's healer. He is delighted when he sees her protecting an Indian girl against a racist. Both share a deep sympathy for the local tribe and speak its language fluently. Unlike Xavier, who serves the local authorities, Francois is successful. But after he has become Marie-Loup's lover, he is forced to escape. Right now the local authorities have discovered illegal affairs of his recently inherited company and they hold him responsible.
Francois hides in the woods among friendly Indians and lets them deliver a letter to Marie-Loup. He is waiting for her to join him, so they can get away together. Unfortunately she cannot read and needs to ask the local priest what Francois has written. The priest tells Marie-Loup she had been forsaken by Francois and persuades her to marry Xavier. The desperate Marie-Loup complies with the ceremony but then refuses Xavier his conjugal rights.
After she has done so for weeks, Xavier visits Francois in his hideout. He blames his rival for his misfortune and following a fierce fight he leaves him for dead. On his return to Marie-Loup the still furious Xavier utters threats. He does not survive this day.
Xavier's comrades refuse to accept Xavier's death as an accident. Marie-Loup gets accused of murder and witchcraft. Francois fails to save her and only gets himself arrested. The British authorities, who have meanwhile taken over the formerly French colony, refrain from interfering in this matter for fear to rekindle hostilities.

## Cast

* Noémie Godin-Vigneau as Marie-Loup Carignan
* David La Haye as François le Gardeur
* Juliette Gosselin as Young France Carignan
* Sébastien Huberdeau as Xavier Maillard
* Gérard Depardieu as Father Thomas Blondeau
* Bianca Gervais as Acoona
* Irène Jacob as Angélique de Roquebrune
* Pierre Lebeau as Joseph Carignan
* Vincent Pérez as Intendant Bigot
* Isabel Richer as France Carignan
* Johanne-Marie Tremblay as Madeleine Carignan
* Tim Roth as William Pitt
* Colm Meaney as Benjamin Franklin
* Jason Isaacs as Major-General James Wolfe
* Michael Maloney as Governor James Murray
* David Troughton as British General
* Micky Sébastian as Marquise de Pompadour
* Paul Savoie as Gouverneur Vaudreuil
* Philippe Dormoy as Voltaire
# Kollops

A kollops (Ancient Greek: κολλοψ or kollabos) is a tuning device for a string instrument (generally a lyre) which consists of a strip of leather wrapped around the instrument's crossbar, tightened by a wooden peg trapped in its wrap. The device is mentioned as early as the 7th century BC, used metaphorically in the Odyssey. The material itself, usually the hard material at the back of the neck of an ox, was known as "kollops" and thus the term was also used for the tuning device.

## Modern usage

Though the kollops is largely obsolete, one living instrument still sometimes employing it is the Ethiopian begena lyre.

## Other uses of the term

The term kollops was also used in Ancient Greece as slang for an aged male prostitute, presumably by the same analogy to the hardened back neck leather of an ox.
# USS Romain

USS Romain was a Auxiliary Wooden Schooner in service with the United States Navy briefly during World War II. Built in 1937 as Mérida by Symonette Ship Building Co., she was acquired by the U.S. Navy on 18 August 1942. She was put into service as USS Romain (IX-89) on 25 November 1942. Only in naval service for a brief 4-months, she spent them in the 7th Naval District, operating out of Port Everglades, Florida, sailing on patrol along the Florida coast and in the Bahama Islands.
She was placed out of naval service on 17 March 1943, and struck from the Naval Register on 28 June 1944. She was then transferred to the Maritime Commission for disposal by sale on 3 January 1945 and resold to her original owner, Robert C. Rathbone. She then became Debotha 5th, then after, Salt Air II in 1947. She was taken out of documentation in 1950. Her fate is unknown.

## Ship Awards

* American Campaign Medal
* World War II Victory Medal
# Grønvollfoss Station

Grønvollfoss Station (Norwegian: Grønvollfoss stasjon) was a railway station serving Grønvollfoss in Notodden, Norway on the Tinnoset Line from 1909 to the line closed in 1991.
Designed by Thorvald Astrup it opened on 9 August 1909 as a stop called Grøndvoldsfoss. It got the current name on 1 January 1922. It became a station in 1965, but a stop again in 1976 after the station was razed. It was staffed until 1960. It was closed along with the railway on 1 January 1991.
# Charles Goodman (disambiguation)

Charles Goodman is an American architect.
Charles Goodman may also refer to:
* Charles M. Goodman House, historic home located at Alexandria, Virginia
* Charles F. "Rusty" Goodman, singer/songwriter
* Charles Goodman Tebbutt, English speedskater and bandy player
* Chip Goodman (Atlas/Seaboard Comics), Atlas/Seaboard Comics#Chip Goodman Marvel's editorial director
# USS Pert

USS Pert (PG-95), the second United States Navy ship of that name, was one of eight Canadian-built corvettes turned over to the U.S. Navy for operation by the United States Coast Guard. She was laid down by Morton Engineering and Dry Dock Co., Ltd., Quebec, Canada, 22 July 1942; launched 27 November 1942; and commissioned at Quebec 23 July 1943.
Pert remained at Quebec until 7 September; thence, she sailed with USS Prudent via Halifax to Boston where she arrived 18 September. After fitting out, she carried out an intensive shakedown off Bermuda early in November. Returning to New York 20 November, she was assigned to the Eastern Sea Frontier, and began convoy escort patrols 28 November.
Between 28 November and 4 December, Pert screened Convoy NG-401 from New York City to Guantanamo Bay, Cuba. On 2 December she carried out a depth charge attack against a suspected submarine without results. The gunboat made the return run to New York 9–17 December, and on 23 December she joined the screen of her next Cuban-bound convoy, NG-406.
During the remainder of the war Pert continued her important escort and patrol operations along the East Coast and into the Caribbean. Based at Tompkinsville, N.Y., she served with sister gunboats including USS Action and Impulse. Their outstanding performance helped lessen the threat of U-boats against Allied shipping. Moreover, they permitted the larger destroyer types to wage aggressive hunter-killer patrols against the German submarines.
Following the defeat of the Axis powers, Pert operated out of the 3d Naval District until 3 October 1945 when she decommissioned. Her name was struck from the Naval Vessel Register on 24 October 1945. Transferred to the Maritime Commission on 18 October 1946, she was immediately delivered to her buyer, United Boat Service Co. of City Island, N.Y.
Ex-Pert was renamed Olympic Leader in 1950. Sold to a Japanese company, she was renamed Otori Maru No. 1 in 1956, and Kyo Maru No. 15 in 1957.
# Kevin Thomas (film critic)

Kevin Thomas (born June 12, 1936) is an American film critic who has written reviews for the Los Angeles Times since 1962. His long tenure makes him the longest-running film critic among major United States newspapers.
Thomas was born in Los Angeles in 1936. He earned a bachelor's degree from Gettysburg College in 1958 and master's degree from Pennsylvania State University in 1960.
Thomas is known for giving fairly positive reviews compared to other critics, and certainly less critical than Kenneth Turan, who joined the Los Angeles Times in 1991.
In 2003, the National Lesbian and Gay Journalists Association gave Thomas a Lifetime Achievement Award. Thomas holds an honorary position on the advisory board of GALECA: The Society of LGBTQ Entertainment Critics and its Dorian Awards.
In his 2022 book Cinema Speculation – which includes an entire chapter about Thomas – Quentin Tarantino said that Kevin Thomas was the only critic at the Los Angeles Times who seemed to enjoy his job.
# Baryshsky District

Baryshsky District (Russian: Бары́шский райо́н) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the twenty-one in Ulyanovsk Oblast, Russia. It is located in the west of the oblast. The area of the district is 2,255.8 square kilometers (871.0 sq mi). Its administrative center is the town of Barysh. Population: 44,034 (2010 Census); 31,444 (2002 Census); 36,230 (1989 Soviet census). The population of Barysh accounts for 38.9% of the district's total population.
# Eva (Cynuria)

Eva or Eua (Ancient Greek: Εὔα) was an ancient village of Cynuria (part of Arcadia in the Peloponnese, Greece), located inland not far from Neris. Pausanias, who visited the region in the 2nd century, on leaving Thyrea, came first to Anthene, next to Neris, and lastly to Eva, which he describes as the largest of the three villages, containing a sanctuary of Polemocrates, son of Machaon, who was honoured here as a god or hero of the healing art. Above these villages was the range of Mount Parnon, where, not far from the sources of the Tanus or Tanaus, the boundaries of the Lacedaemonians, Argives, and Tegeatae joined, and were marked by stone Hermae. This Eva is probably also meant by Stephanus of Byzantium, though he calls it a city of Arcadia.
Its site is tentatively associated with an ancient fortification on Teichio ridge above the hamlet of Elliniko (Astros). Excavations in 1980 revealed the ruins of the villa of Herodes Atticus (2nd century AD) near the Byzantine Monastery of Loukou, 4 km north of Elliniko. Spectacular finds came to light, among them mosaics, inscriptions, statues and other works of art. Pausanias does not mention the villa, whether because he had not actually visited the area or because he tended to ignore private monuments erected by his contemporaries.
# Khalil Kandi, Parsabad

Khalil Kandi (Persian: خليل كندي, also Romanized as Khalīl Kandī; also known as Maḥtesham Kandī) is a village in Qeshlaq-e Shomali Rural District, in the Central District of Parsabad County, Ardabil Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 56, in 10 families.
# Sunset, View on the Catskill

Sunset, View on the Catskill is an 1833 oil-on-wood painting by English-born American painter Thomas Cole. It is currently owned by the New-York Historical Society.

## Description

The work is in oval format and depicts a view of North Mountain from Catskill Creek.

## Artist's background

Tom Christopher wrote that "[Thomas] Cole’s greatest artistic asset proved to be his untutored eye." Cole emigrated to America with his family in the spring of 1819 at the age of eighteen. As a child, his surroundings were of Lancashire, England, an area known to be an epicenter of Britain’s primarily industrial region. Because of this, Cole was granted an additional clarity of and sensitivity to the vibrancy of American landscapes awash with color, a stark contrast to the bleak and subdued landscapes of the country he left behind.

## History

Cole created the work for New York merchant Luman Reed. After a trip through Europe, Cole was inspired by 16th-century painter Claude Lorrain. Consequently, the Claudean influence is clearly seen in this painting.
# Arch of Nero (painting)

Arch of Nero is an 1846 oil on canvas painting by Thomas Cole. It was on display at The Newark Museum of Art, but, as of July 2, 2021, was sold to the Philadelphia Museum of Art, and is currently on loan at the Mint Museum. The painting was sold on May 19, 2021, for $998,000 plus fees at a Sotheby auction, to a private foundation operated by the Florida-based collectors Thomas H. and Diane DeMell Jacobsen. They bought it "with the idea of keeping it on public view—an idea they promptly followed through on with their loan to the Philadelphia Museum of Art." Seventy "top art curators and scholars" sent an open letter to the Newark Museum of Art stating that the Arch of Nero "is an important and urgent address of America’s republicanism. It speaks to the founding ideal of the American nation, refers to America’s failure to live up to its own ideals, and is a clarion call for America to be the best version of itself.... For northeasterners such as Cole, the prime source of corruption of American republicanism was the Southern slavocracy and its unjust influence within the federal government. Cole made explicit his links between the corruption, decline, and fall of the Roman republic, and America’s present by clothing his figures in red, white, and blue."

## Artist's background

Tom Christopher wrote that "[Thomas] Cole’s greatest artistic asset proved to be his untutored eye." Cole emigrated to America with his family in the spring of 1819 at the age of eighteen. As a child, his surroundings were of Lancashire, England, an area known to be an epicenter of Britain’s primarily industrial region. Because of this, Cole was granted an additional clarity of and sensitivity to the vibrancy of American landscapes awash with color, a stark contrast to the bleak and subdued landscapes of the country he left behind. From 1831 to 1832, Cole traversed Italy, where he encountered Roman ruins.
# Heydarkhani, Lorestan

Heydarkhani (Persian: حيدرخاني, also Romanized as Ḩeydarkhānī) is a village in Kunani Rural District, Kunani District, Kuhdasht County, Lorestan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 1,315, in 278 families.
# Governor of Oryol Oblast

The Governor of Oryol Oblast (Russian: Губернатор Орловской области) is the highest official of Oryol Oblast. They head the highest executive body of state power in the region - the Administration of Oryol Oblast.

## History

Initially, Oryol Oblast was headed by the head of the regional administration. Since 1993, this was Yegor Stroyev. On 26 February 1996, the post of the head of the administration was changed to the governor's one, with Yegor Stroyev becoming the first governor of the region.
On 16 February 2009, Yegor Stroyev voluntarily left the post of governor. Russian President Dmitry Medvedev accepted his resignation and appointed the interim governor Aleksandr Kozlov (a member of the United Russia party). On the same day, President Medvedev submitted to the Oryol Oblast Council of People's Deputies the candidacy of Kozlov to give him the powers of governor. On 27 February at a meeting of the Oryol Regional Council of People's Deputies, the issue of vesting Alexander Kozlov with the powers of the governor was considered. According to the results of the vote, Kozlov was unanimously approved as the governor of Oryol Oblast. At the end of the meeting, the inauguration ceremony took place. After the end of his term of office, Vadim Potomsky was appointed acting governor for the period before the elections.
On 4 October 2017, Russian President Vladimir Putin signed a decree terminating the powers of the Governor of Oryol Oblast, Vadim Potomsky. He appointed the deputy of the Moscow City Duma Andrey Klychkov as the acting governor of the region.
On 14 September 2018, Andrey Klychkov won the elections for the head of the region, with 83.55 percent of the vote.

## Governors of Oryol Oblast

| Governor | Governor | Took office | Left office | Election | Party |
| Heads of Administration of Oryol Oblast ||||||||
| 1 | Nikolay Yudin (1938–2014) | 5 December 1991 | 13 April 1993 | None | Independent |
| 2 | Yegor Stroyev (born 1937) | 13 April 1993 | 26 February 1996 | 1993 | Independent |
| Governors of Oryol Oblast ||||||||
| (2) | Yegor Stroyev (born 1937) | 26 February 1996 | 16 February 2009 | 1997 2001 | Independent United Russia |
| 3 | Aleksandr Kozlov (1949–2021) | 27 February 2009 | 26 February 2014 | None | United Russia |
| 4 | Vadim Potomsky (born 1972) | 26 February 2014 (as Acting Governor) 23 September 2014 | 5 October 2017 | 2014 | Communist Party |
| 5 | Andrey Klychkov (born 1979) | 5 October 2017 (as Acting Governor) 14 September 2018 | Present | 2018 | Communist Party |
# Jacobsen Valley

Jacobsen Valley (Bulgarian: долина Якобсен, ‘Dolina Jacobsen’ /doliˈna ˈjakopsen/) is the shallow valley in Vinson Massif, Sentinel Range in Ellsworth Mountains, descending northwards from the summit of Antarctica Mount Vinson (4892 m). It is 3.5 km long and 1.2 km wide, and is bounded to the west by Branscomb Peak and Galicia Peak, and to the east by a minor ridge running between the east side of Mount Vinson to the south and Goodge Col to the north. Draining the valley is a glacier tributary to Branscomb Glacier, part of the classical route to the summit of Mount Vinson.
The valley is named after the Norwegian woman pioneer of Antarctica Solveig Gunbjørg Jacobsen (1913–1996), the first native child of the Antarctic region born in Grytviken on 8 October 1913.

## Location

Jacobsen Valley is centred at 78°30′30″S 85°39′00″W﻿ / ﻿78.50833°S 85.65000°W﻿ / -78.50833; -85.65000. US mapping in 1961, 1988 and 2007.

## Maps

* Vinson Massif. Scale 1:250 000 topographic map. Reston, Virginia: US Geological Survey, 1988.
* D. Gildea and C. Rada. Vinson Massif and the Sentinel Range. Scale 1:50 000 topographic map. Omega Foundation, 2007.
* Antarctic Digital Database (ADD). Scale 1:250000 topographic map of Antarctica. Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research (SCAR). Since 1993, regularly updated.
# Panfilovo, Volgograd Oblast

Panfilovo (Russian: Панфилово) is a rural locality (a settlement) and the administrative center of Panfilovskoye Rural Settlement, Novoanninsky District, Volgograd Oblast, in southern Russia. The population was 1,797 as of 2010. There are 27 streets.

## Geography

Panfilovo is located in a steppe on the Khopyorsko-Buzulukskaya Plain, 30 km southeast of Novoanninsky (the district's administrative centre) by road. Krasnaya Zarya is the nearest rural locality.
# Kleptuza Glacier

Kleptuza Glacier (Bulgarian: ледник Клептуза, romanized: lednik Kleptuza, IPA:) is a 6 km long and 6 km wide glacier draining the east slopes of Mount Hector in the Trojan Range and the north slopes of Osterrieth Range on Anvers Island in the Palmer Archipelago, Antarctica. Situated southeast of Thamyris Glacier and west of Altimir Glacier. Flowing northwards to enter Fournier Bay east of Madzharovo Point and west of Studena Point.
The glacier is named after the karst spring of Kleptuza in southern Bulgaria.

## Location

Kleptuza Glacier is located at 64°36′00″S 63°16′00″W﻿ / ﻿64.60000°S 63.26667°W﻿ / -64.60000; -63.26667. British mapping in 1980.
# Ole Berg

Ole Berg (7 October 1890 – 23 September 1968) was a Norwegian military officer. He participated in the defence during the German invasion of Norway in 1940.
He built up the Norwegian police forces in Sweden from 1943 to 1945. He served as Chief of Defence of Norway (Norwegian: sjef for Forsvarsstaben) from 1946 to 1955. In 1947 he was awarded the title of Commander with Star of the Royal Norwegian Order of St. Olav.