# Ali ibn al-Madini

Abū al-Ḥasan ʻAlī ibn ʻAbdillāh ibn Jaʻfar al-Madīnī (778 CE/161 AH – 849/234) (Arabic: أبو الحسن علي بن عبد الله بن جعفر المديني) was a ninth-century Sunni Islamic scholar who was influential in the science of hadith. Alongside Ahmad ibn Hanbal, Ibn Abi Shaybah and Yahya ibn Ma'in, Ibn al-Madini has been considered by many Muslim specialists in hadith to be one of the four most significant authors in the field.

## Biography

Ibn al-Madīnī was born in the year 778 CE/161 AH in Basra, Iraq to a family with roots in Medina now in Saudi Arabia. His teachers include his father, ʻAbdullāh ibn Jaʻfar, Ḥammād ibn Yazīd, Hushaym and Sufyān ibn ʻUyaynah and other from their era. His teacher, Ibn ʻUyaynah, said that he had learned more from Ibn al-Madīnī, his student, than his student from him.
Ibn al-Madīnī specialized in the disciplines of hadith, biographical evaluation and al-ʻIlal, hidden defects, in the sanad, chain of narration. He was praised by other hadith specialists for his prowess in that field—by both his contemporaries, students and his teachers. ʻAbd al-Raḥmān ibn Mahdī, a scholar who preceded him, described Ibn al-Madīnī the most knowledgeable person of prophetic hadith.
His students include prominent hadith scholars in their own right. They include: Muḥammad ibn Yaḥyā al-Dhuhalī, Muḥammad ibn Ismāʻīl al-Bukhārī, Abū Dāwūd Sulaymān ibn al-Ashʻath al-Sijistānī and others. Al-Bukhārī, who went on the collect what is considered to be the most authentic collection of hadith in Sunni Islam, said that he did not consider himself diminutive in comparison to anyone other than Ibn al-Madīnī.
Al-Dhahabī lauded Ibn al-Madīnī as an imām and as exemplary to subsequent scholars in the field in hadith, a description he considered tarnished by Ibn al-Madīnī's adopted position in the theological inquisition of the ninth century. According to Al-Dhahabī, he adopted a position in favor of the Muʻtazilah regarding the uncreated origin of the Quran, but later regretted this and declared the claimant that the Quran was created as an apostate.
Ibn al-Madīnī died in Samarra, Iraq in June, 849/Dhu al-Qa'dah, 234.

## Works

Al-Nawawī said Ibn al-Madīnī authored approximately 200 works some on subjects not previously written about and many not since superseded.
* al-ʻIlal – on the subject of hidden defects (`ilal) in the sanads of hadith; of which a small segment has been published
* Kitāb al-Ḍuʻafāʼ – on the subject of weak hadith narrators in the discipline of biographical evaluation
* al-Mudallisūn – on the subject of hadith narrators who utilize ambiguous terminology in narrating
* al-Asmāʼ wa al-Kunā – on names paidonymics
* al-Musnad – a collection of hadith arranged by narrator
* Kitab Ma'rifat al-Sahaba – The Book of Knowledge of the Companions

## Early Islam scholars

vteEarly Islamic scholars :
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Muhammad, The final Messenger of God(570–632 the Constitution of Medina, taught the Quran, and advised his companions | Muhammad, The final Messenger of God(570–632 the Constitution of Medina, taught the Quran, and advised his companions | Muhammad, The final Messenger of God(570–632 the Constitution of Medina, taught the Quran, and advised his companions | Muhammad, The final Messenger of God(570–632 the Constitution of Medina, taught the Quran, and advised his companions | Muhammad, The final Messenger of God(570–632 the Constitution of Medina, taught the Quran, and advised his companions | Muhammad, The final Messenger of God(570–632 the Constitution of Medina, taught the Quran, and advised his companions | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Abdullah ibn Masud (died 653) taught | Abdullah ibn Masud (died 653) taught | Abdullah ibn Masud (died 653) taught | Abdullah ibn Masud (died 653) taught | Abdullah ibn Masud (died 653) taught | Abdullah ibn Masud (died 653) taught | | | Ali (607–661) fourth caliph taught | Ali (607–661) fourth caliph taught | Ali (607–661) fourth caliph taught | Ali (607–661) fourth caliph taught | Ali (607–661) fourth caliph taught | Ali (607–661) fourth caliph taught | Aisha, Muhammad's wife and Abu Bakr's daughter taught | Aisha, Muhammad's wife and Abu Bakr's daughter taught | Aisha, Muhammad's wife and Abu Bakr's daughter taught | Aisha, Muhammad's wife and Abu Bakr's daughter taught | Aisha, Muhammad's wife and Abu Bakr's daughter taught | Aisha, Muhammad's wife and Abu Bakr's daughter taught | Abd Allah ibn Abbas (618–687) taught | Abd Allah ibn Abbas (618–687) taught | Abd Allah ibn Abbas (618–687) taught | Abd Allah ibn Abbas (618–687) taught | Abd Allah ibn Abbas (618–687) taught | Abd Allah ibn Abbas (618–687) taught | Zayd ibn Thabit (610–660) taught | Zayd ibn Thabit (610–660) taught | Zayd ibn Thabit (610–660) taught | Zayd ibn Thabit (610–660) taught | Zayd ibn Thabit (610–660) taught | Zayd ibn Thabit (610–660) taught | Umar (579–644) second caliph taught | Umar (579–644) second caliph taught | Umar (579–644) second caliph taught | Umar (579–644) second caliph taught | Umar (579–644) second caliph taught | Umar (579–644) second caliph taught | Abu Hurairah (603–681) taught | Abu Hurairah (603–681) taught | Abu Hurairah (603–681) taught | Abu Hurairah (603–681) taught | Abu Hurairah (603–681) taught | Abu Hurairah (603–681) taught | | | | | | |
| Alqama ibn Qays (died 681) taught | Alqama ibn Qays (died 681) taught | Alqama ibn Qays (died 681) taught | Alqama ibn Qays (died 681) taught | Alqama ibn Qays (died 681) taught | Alqama ibn Qays (died 681) taught | | | Husayn ibn Ali (626–680) taught | Husayn ibn Ali (626–680) taught | Husayn ibn Ali (626–680) taught | Husayn ibn Ali (626–680) taught | Husayn ibn Ali (626–680) taught | Husayn ibn Ali (626–680) taught | Qasim ibn Muhammad ibn Abi Bakr (657–725) taught and raised by Aisha | Qasim ibn Muhammad ibn Abi Bakr (657–725) taught and raised by Aisha | Qasim ibn Muhammad ibn Abi Bakr (657–725) taught and raised by Aisha | Qasim ibn Muhammad ibn Abi Bakr (657–725) taught and raised by Aisha | Qasim ibn Muhammad ibn Abi Bakr (657–725) taught and raised by Aisha | Qasim ibn Muhammad ibn Abi Bakr (657–725) taught and raised by Aisha | Urwah ibn Zubayr (died 713) taught by Aisha, he then taught | Urwah ibn Zubayr (died 713) taught by Aisha, he then taught | Urwah ibn Zubayr (died 713) taught by Aisha, he then taught | Urwah ibn Zubayr (died 713) taught by Aisha, he then taught | Urwah ibn Zubayr (died 713) taught by Aisha, he then taught | Urwah ibn Zubayr (died 713) taught by Aisha, he then taught | Said ibn al-Musayyib (637–715) taught | Said ibn al-Musayyib (637–715) taught | Said ibn al-Musayyib (637–715) taught | Said ibn al-Musayyib (637–715) taught | Said ibn al-Musayyib (637–715) taught | Said ibn al-Musayyib (637–715) taught | Abdullah ibn Umar (614–693) taught | Abdullah ibn Umar (614–693) taught | Abdullah ibn Umar (614–693) taught | Abdullah ibn Umar (614–693) taught | Abdullah ibn Umar (614–693) taught | Abdullah ibn Umar (614–693) taught | Abd Allah ibn al-Zubayr (624–692) taught by Aisha, he then taught | Abd Allah ibn al-Zubayr (624–692) taught by Aisha, he then taught | Abd Allah ibn al-Zubayr (624–692) taught by Aisha, he then taught | Abd Allah ibn al-Zubayr (624–692) taught by Aisha, he then taught | Abd Allah ibn al-Zubayr (624–692) taught by Aisha, he then taught | Abd Allah ibn al-Zubayr (624–692) taught by Aisha, he then taught | | |
| Ibrahim al-Nakha’i taught | Ibrahim al-Nakha’i taught | Ibrahim al-Nakha’i taught | Ibrahim al-Nakha’i taught | Ibrahim al-Nakha’i taught | Ibrahim al-Nakha’i taught | | | Ali ibn Husayn Zayn al-Abidin (659–712) taught | Ali ibn Husayn Zayn al-Abidin (659–712) taught | Ali ibn Husayn Zayn al-Abidin (659–712) taught | Ali ibn Husayn Zayn al-Abidin (659–712) taught | Ali ibn Husayn Zayn al-Abidin (659–712) taught | Ali ibn Husayn Zayn al-Abidin (659–712) taught | | | | | | | Hisham ibn Urwah (667–772) taught | Hisham ibn Urwah (667–772) taught | Hisham ibn Urwah (667–772) taught | Hisham ibn Urwah (667–772) taught | Hisham ibn Urwah (667–772) taught | Hisham ibn Urwah (667–772) taught | Ibn Shihab al-Zuhri (died 741) taught | Ibn Shihab al-Zuhri (died 741) taught | Ibn Shihab al-Zuhri (died 741) taught | Ibn Shihab al-Zuhri (died 741) taught | Ibn Shihab al-Zuhri (died 741) taught | Ibn Shihab al-Zuhri (died 741) taught | Salim ibn Abd-Allah ibn Umar taught | Salim ibn Abd-Allah ibn Umar taught | Salim ibn Abd-Allah ibn Umar taught | Salim ibn Abd-Allah ibn Umar taught | Salim ibn Abd-Allah ibn Umar taught | Salim ibn Abd-Allah ibn Umar taught | Umar ibn Abdul Aziz (682–720) raised and taught by Abdullah ibn Umar | Umar ibn Abdul Aziz (682–720) raised and taught by Abdullah ibn Umar | Umar ibn Abdul Aziz (682–720) raised and taught by Abdullah ibn Umar | Umar ibn Abdul Aziz (682–720) raised and taught by Abdullah ibn Umar | Umar ibn Abdul Aziz (682–720) raised and taught by Abdullah ibn Umar | Umar ibn Abdul Aziz (682–720) raised and taught by Abdullah ibn Umar |
| Hammad bin ibi Sulman taught | Hammad bin ibi Sulman taught | Hammad bin ibi Sulman taught | Hammad bin ibi Sulman taught | Hammad bin ibi Sulman taught | Hammad bin ibi Sulman taught | | | Muhammad al-Baqir (676–733) taught | Muhammad al-Baqir (676–733) taught | Muhammad al-Baqir (676–733) taught | Muhammad al-Baqir (676–733) taught | Muhammad al-Baqir (676–733) taught | Muhammad al-Baqir (676–733) taught | | | Farwah bint al-Qasim Jafar's mother | Farwah bint al-Qasim Jafar's mother | Farwah bint al-Qasim Jafar's mother | Farwah bint al-Qasim Jafar's mother | Farwah bint al-Qasim Jafar's mother | Farwah bint al-Qasim Jafar's mother | | |
| Abu Hanifa (699–767) wrote Al Fiqh Al Akbar and Kitab Al-Athar, jurisprudence followed by Sunni, Sunni Sufi, Barelvi, Deobandi, Zaidiyyah and originally by the Fatimid and taught | Abu Hanifa (699–767) wrote Al Fiqh Al Akbar and Kitab Al-Athar, jurisprudence followed by Sunni, Sunni Sufi, Barelvi, Deobandi, Zaidiyyah and originally by the Fatimid and taught | Abu Hanifa (699–767) wrote Al Fiqh Al Akbar and Kitab Al-Athar, jurisprudence followed by Sunni, Sunni Sufi, Barelvi, Deobandi, Zaidiyyah and originally by the Fatimid and taught | Abu Hanifa (699–767) wrote Al Fiqh Al Akbar and Kitab Al-Athar, jurisprudence followed by Sunni, Sunni Sufi, Barelvi, Deobandi, Zaidiyyah and originally by the Fatimid and taught | Abu Hanifa (699–767) wrote Al Fiqh Al Akbar and Kitab Al-Athar, jurisprudence followed by Sunni, Sunni Sufi, Barelvi, Deobandi, Zaidiyyah and originally by the Fatimid and taught | Abu Hanifa (699–767) wrote Al Fiqh Al Akbar and Kitab Al-Athar, jurisprudence followed by Sunni, Sunni Sufi, Barelvi, Deobandi, Zaidiyyah and originally by the Fatimid and taught | Zayd ibn Ali (695–740) | Zayd ibn Ali (695–740) | Zayd ibn Ali (695–740) | Zayd ibn Ali (695–740) | Zayd ibn Ali (695–740) | Zayd ibn Ali (695–740) | Ja'far bin Muhammad Al-Baqir (702–765) Muhammad and Ali's great great grand son, jurisprudence followed by Shia, he taught | Ja'far bin Muhammad Al-Baqir (702–765) Muhammad and Ali's great great grand son, jurisprudence followed by Shia, he taught | Ja'far bin Muhammad Al-Baqir (702–765) Muhammad and Ali's great great grand son, jurisprudence followed by Shia, he taught | Ja'far bin Muhammad Al-Baqir (702–765) Muhammad and Ali's great great grand son, jurisprudence followed by Shia, he taught | Ja'far bin Muhammad Al-Baqir (702–765) Muhammad and Ali's great great grand son, jurisprudence followed by Shia, he taught | Ja'far bin Muhammad Al-Baqir (702–765) Muhammad and Ali's great great grand son, jurisprudence followed by Shia, he taught | | | Malik ibn Anas (711–795) wrote Muwatta, jurisprudence from early Medina period now mostly followed by Sunni in Africa, Sunni Sufi and taught | Malik ibn Anas (711–795) wrote Muwatta, jurisprudence from early Medina period now mostly followed by Sunni in Africa, Sunni Sufi and taught | Malik ibn Anas (711–795) wrote Muwatta, jurisprudence from early Medina period now mostly followed by Sunni in Africa, Sunni Sufi and taught | Malik ibn Anas (711–795) wrote Muwatta, jurisprudence from early Medina period now mostly followed by Sunni in Africa, Sunni Sufi and taught | Malik ibn Anas (711–795) wrote Muwatta, jurisprudence from early Medina period now mostly followed by Sunni in Africa, Sunni Sufi and taught | Malik ibn Anas (711–795) wrote Muwatta, jurisprudence from early Medina period now mostly followed by Sunni in Africa, Sunni Sufi and taught | | | Al-Waqidi (748–822) wrote history books like Kitab al-Tarikh wa al-Maghazi, student of Malik ibn Anas | Al-Waqidi (748–822) wrote history books like Kitab al-Tarikh wa al-Maghazi, student of Malik ibn Anas | Al-Waqidi (748–822) wrote history books like Kitab al-Tarikh wa al-Maghazi, student of Malik ibn Anas | Al-Waqidi (748–822) wrote history books like Kitab al-Tarikh wa al-Maghazi, student of Malik ibn Anas | Al-Waqidi (748–822) wrote history books like Kitab al-Tarikh wa al-Maghazi, student of Malik ibn Anas | Al-Waqidi (748–822) wrote history books like Kitab al-Tarikh wa al-Maghazi, student of Malik ibn Anas | | | Abu Muhammad Abdullah ibn Abdul Hakam (died 829) wrote biographies and history books, student of Malik ibn Anas | Abu Muhammad Abdullah ibn Abdul Hakam (died 829) wrote biographies and history books, student of Malik ibn Anas | Abu Muhammad Abdullah ibn Abdul Hakam (died 829) wrote biographies and history books, student of Malik ibn Anas | Abu Muhammad Abdullah ibn Abdul Hakam (died 829) wrote biographies and history books, student of Malik ibn Anas | Abu Muhammad Abdullah ibn Abdul Hakam (died 829) wrote biographies and history books, student of Malik ibn Anas | Abu Muhammad Abdullah ibn Abdul Hakam (died 829) wrote biographies and history books, student of Malik ibn Anas |
| Abu Yusuf (729–798) wrote Usul al-fiqh | Abu Yusuf (729–798) wrote Usul al-fiqh | Abu Yusuf (729–798) wrote Usul al-fiqh | Abu Yusuf (729–798) wrote Usul al-fiqh | Abu Yusuf (729–798) wrote Usul al-fiqh | Abu Yusuf (729–798) wrote Usul al-fiqh | Muhammad al-Shaybani (749–805) | Muhammad al-Shaybani (749–805) | Muhammad al-Shaybani (749–805) | Muhammad al-Shaybani (749–805) | Muhammad al-Shaybani (749–805) | Muhammad al-Shaybani (749–805) | | | al-Shafi‘i (767–820) wrote Al-Risala, jurisprudence followed by Sunni, Sunni sufi and taught | al-Shafi‘i (767–820) wrote Al-Risala, jurisprudence followed by Sunni, Sunni sufi and taught | al-Shafi‘i (767–820) wrote Al-Risala, jurisprudence followed by Sunni, Sunni sufi and taught | al-Shafi‘i (767–820) wrote Al-Risala, jurisprudence followed by Sunni, Sunni sufi and taught | al-Shafi‘i (767–820) wrote Al-Risala, jurisprudence followed by Sunni, Sunni sufi and taught | al-Shafi‘i (767–820) wrote Al-Risala, jurisprudence followed by Sunni, Sunni sufi and taught | | | Ismail ibn Ibrahim | Ismail ibn Ibrahim | Ismail ibn Ibrahim | Ismail ibn Ibrahim | Ismail ibn Ibrahim | Ismail ibn Ibrahim | | | Ali ibn al-Madini (778–849) wrote The Book of Knowledge of the Companions | Ali ibn al-Madini (778–849) wrote The Book of Knowledge of the Companions | Ali ibn al-Madini (778–849) wrote The Book of Knowledge of the Companions | Ali ibn al-Madini (778–849) wrote The Book of Knowledge of the Companions | Ali ibn al-Madini (778–849) wrote The Book of Knowledge of the Companions | Ali ibn al-Madini (778–849) wrote The Book of Knowledge of the Companions | | | Ibn Hisham (died 833) wrote early history and As-Sirah an-Nabawiyyah, Muhammad's biography | Ibn Hisham (died 833) wrote early history and As-Sirah an-Nabawiyyah, Muhammad's biography | Ibn Hisham (died 833) wrote early history and As-Sirah an-Nabawiyyah, Muhammad's biography | Ibn Hisham (died 833) wrote early history and As-Sirah an-Nabawiyyah, Muhammad's biography | Ibn Hisham (died 833) wrote early history and As-Sirah an-Nabawiyyah, Muhammad's biography | Ibn Hisham (died 833) wrote early history and As-Sirah an-Nabawiyyah, Muhammad's biography |
| Isma'il ibn Ja'far (719–775) | Isma'il ibn Ja'far (719–775) | Isma'il ibn Ja'far (719–775) | Isma'il ibn Ja'far (719–775) | Isma'il ibn Ja'far (719–775) | Isma'il ibn Ja'far (719–775) | Musa al-Kadhim (745–799) | Musa al-Kadhim (745–799) | Musa al-Kadhim (745–799) | Musa al-Kadhim (745–799) | Musa al-Kadhim (745–799) | Musa al-Kadhim (745–799) | | | Ahmad ibn Hanbal (780–855) wrote Musnad Ahmad ibn Hanbal jurisprudence followed by Sunni, Sunni sufi and hadith books | Ahmad ibn Hanbal (780–855) wrote Musnad Ahmad ibn Hanbal jurisprudence followed by Sunni, Sunni sufi and hadith books | Ahmad ibn Hanbal (780–855) wrote Musnad Ahmad ibn Hanbal jurisprudence followed by Sunni, Sunni sufi and hadith books | Ahmad ibn Hanbal (780–855) wrote Musnad Ahmad ibn Hanbal jurisprudence followed by Sunni, Sunni sufi and hadith books | Ahmad ibn Hanbal (780–855) wrote Musnad Ahmad ibn Hanbal jurisprudence followed by Sunni, Sunni sufi and hadith books | Ahmad ibn Hanbal (780–855) wrote Musnad Ahmad ibn Hanbal jurisprudence followed by Sunni, Sunni sufi and hadith books | Muhammad al-Bukhari (810–870) wrote Sahih al-Bukhari hadith books | Muhammad al-Bukhari (810–870) wrote Sahih al-Bukhari hadith books | Muhammad al-Bukhari (810–870) wrote Sahih al-Bukhari hadith books | Muhammad al-Bukhari (810–870) wrote Sahih al-Bukhari hadith books | Muhammad al-Bukhari (810–870) wrote Sahih al-Bukhari hadith books | Muhammad al-Bukhari (810–870) wrote Sahih al-Bukhari hadith books | Muslim ibn al-Hajjaj (815–875) wrote Sahih Muslim hadith books | Muslim ibn al-Hajjaj (815–875) wrote Sahih Muslim hadith books | Muslim ibn al-Hajjaj (815–875) wrote Sahih Muslim hadith books | Muslim ibn al-Hajjaj (815–875) wrote Sahih Muslim hadith books | Muslim ibn al-Hajjaj (815–875) wrote Sahih Muslim hadith books | Muslim ibn al-Hajjaj (815–875) wrote Sahih Muslim hadith books | Dawud al-Zahiri (815–883/4) founded the Zahiri school | Dawud al-Zahiri (815–883/4) founded the Zahiri school | Dawud al-Zahiri (815–883/4) founded the Zahiri school | Dawud al-Zahiri (815–883/4) founded the Zahiri school | Dawud al-Zahiri (815–883/4) founded the Zahiri school | Dawud al-Zahiri (815–883/4) founded the Zahiri school | Muhammad ibn Isa at-Tirmidhi (824–892) wrote Jami` at-Tirmidhi hadith books | Muhammad ibn Isa at-Tirmidhi (824–892) wrote Jami` at-Tirmidhi hadith books | Muhammad ibn Isa at-Tirmidhi (824–892) wrote Jami` at-Tirmidhi hadith books | Muhammad ibn Isa at-Tirmidhi (824–892) wrote Jami` at-Tirmidhi hadith books | Muhammad ibn Isa at-Tirmidhi (824–892) wrote Jami` at-Tirmidhi hadith books | Muhammad ibn Isa at-Tirmidhi (824–892) wrote Jami` at-Tirmidhi hadith books | Al-Baladhuri (died 892) wrote early history Futuh al-Buldan, Genealogies of the Nobles | Al-Baladhuri (died 892) wrote early history Futuh al-Buldan, Genealogies of the Nobles | Al-Baladhuri (died 892) wrote early history Futuh al-Buldan, Genealogies of the Nobles | Al-Baladhuri (died 892) wrote early history Futuh al-Buldan, Genealogies of the Nobles | Al-Baladhuri (died 892) wrote early history Futuh al-Buldan, Genealogies of the Nobles | Al-Baladhuri (died 892) wrote early history Futuh al-Buldan, Genealogies of the Nobles |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Ibn Majah (824–887) wrote Sunan ibn Majah hadith book | Ibn Majah (824–887) wrote Sunan ibn Majah hadith book | Ibn Majah (824–887) wrote Sunan ibn Majah hadith book | Ibn Majah (824–887) wrote Sunan ibn Majah hadith book | Ibn Majah (824–887) wrote Sunan ibn Majah hadith book | Ibn Majah (824–887) wrote Sunan ibn Majah hadith book | | | Abu Dawood (817–889) wrote Sunan Abu Dawood Hadith Book | Abu Dawood (817–889) wrote Sunan Abu Dawood Hadith Book | Abu Dawood (817–889) wrote Sunan Abu Dawood Hadith Book | Abu Dawood (817–889) wrote Sunan Abu Dawood Hadith Book | Abu Dawood (817–889) wrote Sunan Abu Dawood Hadith Book | Abu Dawood (817–889) wrote Sunan Abu Dawood Hadith Book | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Muhammad ibn Ya'qub al-Kulayni (864- 941) wrote Kitab al-Kafi hadith book followed by Twelver Shia | Muhammad ibn Ya'qub al-Kulayni (864- 941) wrote Kitab al-Kafi hadith book followed by Twelver Shia | Muhammad ibn Ya'qub al-Kulayni (864- 941) wrote Kitab al-Kafi hadith book followed by Twelver Shia | Muhammad ibn Ya'qub al-Kulayni (864- 941) wrote Kitab al-Kafi hadith book followed by Twelver Shia | Muhammad ibn Ya'qub al-Kulayni (864- 941) wrote Kitab al-Kafi hadith book followed by Twelver Shia | Muhammad ibn Ya'qub al-Kulayni (864- 941) wrote Kitab al-Kafi hadith book followed by Twelver Shia | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Muhammad ibn Jarir al-Tabari (838–923) wrote History of the Prophets and Kings, Tafsir al-Tabari | Muhammad ibn Jarir al-Tabari (838–923) wrote History of the Prophets and Kings, Tafsir al-Tabari | Muhammad ibn Jarir al-Tabari (838–923) wrote History of the Prophets and Kings, Tafsir al-Tabari | Muhammad ibn Jarir al-Tabari (838–923) wrote History of the Prophets and Kings, Tafsir al-Tabari | Muhammad ibn Jarir al-Tabari (838–923) wrote History of the Prophets and Kings, Tafsir al-Tabari | Muhammad ibn Jarir al-Tabari (838–923) wrote History of the Prophets and Kings, Tafsir al-Tabari | | | Abu Hasan al-Ash'ari (874–936) wrote Maqālāt al-islāmīyīn, Kitāb al-luma, Kitāb al-ibāna 'an usūl al-diyāna | Abu Hasan al-Ash'ari (874–936) wrote Maqālāt al-islāmīyīn, Kitāb al-luma, Kitāb al-ibāna 'an usūl al-diyāna | Abu Hasan al-Ash'ari (874–936) wrote Maqālāt al-islāmīyīn, Kitāb al-luma, Kitāb al-ibāna 'an usūl al-diyāna | Abu Hasan al-Ash'ari (874–936) wrote Maqālāt al-islāmīyīn, Kitāb al-luma, Kitāb al-ibāna 'an usūl al-diyāna | Abu Hasan al-Ash'ari (874–936) wrote Maqālāt al-islāmīyīn, Kitāb al-luma, Kitāb al-ibāna 'an usūl al-diyāna | Abu Hasan al-Ash'ari (874–936) wrote Maqālāt al-islāmīyīn, Kitāb al-luma, Kitāb al-ibāna 'an usūl al-diyāna | | | | | | | | | | |
| Ibn Babawayh (923–991) wrote Man La Yahduruhu al-Faqih jurisprudence followed by Twelver Shia | Ibn Babawayh (923–991) wrote Man La Yahduruhu al-Faqih jurisprudence followed by Twelver Shia | Ibn Babawayh (923–991) wrote Man La Yahduruhu al-Faqih jurisprudence followed by Twelver Shia | Ibn Babawayh (923–991) wrote Man La Yahduruhu al-Faqih jurisprudence followed by Twelver Shia | Ibn Babawayh (923–991) wrote Man La Yahduruhu al-Faqih jurisprudence followed by Twelver Shia | Ibn Babawayh (923–991) wrote Man La Yahduruhu al-Faqih jurisprudence followed by Twelver Shia | | | Sharif Razi (930–977) wrote Nahj al-Balagha followed by Twelver Shia | Sharif Razi (930–977) wrote Nahj al-Balagha followed by Twelver Shia | Sharif Razi (930–977) wrote Nahj al-Balagha followed by Twelver Shia | Sharif Razi (930–977) wrote Nahj al-Balagha followed by Twelver Shia | Sharif Razi (930–977) wrote Nahj al-Balagha followed by Twelver Shia | Sharif Razi (930–977) wrote Nahj al-Balagha followed by Twelver Shia | | | Nasir al-Din al-Tusi (1201–1274) wrote jurisprudence books followed by Ismaili and Twelver Shia | Nasir al-Din al-Tusi (1201–1274) wrote jurisprudence books followed by Ismaili and Twelver Shia | Nasir al-Din al-Tusi (1201–1274) wrote jurisprudence books followed by Ismaili and Twelver Shia | Nasir al-Din al-Tusi (1201–1274) wrote jurisprudence books followed by Ismaili and Twelver Shia | Nasir al-Din al-Tusi (1201–1274) wrote jurisprudence books followed by Ismaili and Twelver Shia | Nasir al-Din al-Tusi (1201–1274) wrote jurisprudence books followed by Ismaili and Twelver Shia | | | | | Al-Ghazali (1058–1111) wrote The Niche for Lights, The Incoherence of the Philosophers, The Alchemy of Happiness on Sufism | Al-Ghazali (1058–1111) wrote The Niche for Lights, The Incoherence of the Philosophers, The Alchemy of Happiness on Sufism | Al-Ghazali (1058–1111) wrote The Niche for Lights, The Incoherence of the Philosophers, The Alchemy of Happiness on Sufism | Al-Ghazali (1058–1111) wrote The Niche for Lights, The Incoherence of the Philosophers, The Alchemy of Happiness on Sufism | Al-Ghazali (1058–1111) wrote The Niche for Lights, The Incoherence of the Philosophers, The Alchemy of Happiness on Sufism | Al-Ghazali (1058–1111) wrote The Niche for Lights, The Incoherence of the Philosophers, The Alchemy of Happiness on Sufism | | | Rumi (1207–1273) wrote Masnavi, Diwan-e Shams-e Tabrizi on Sufism | Rumi (1207–1273) wrote Masnavi, Diwan-e Shams-e Tabrizi on Sufism | Rumi (1207–1273) wrote Masnavi, Diwan-e Shams-e Tabrizi on Sufism | Rumi (1207–1273) wrote Masnavi, Diwan-e Shams-e Tabrizi on Sufism | Rumi (1207–1273) wrote Masnavi, Diwan-e Shams-e Tabrizi on Sufism | Rumi (1207–1273) wrote Masnavi, Diwan-e Shams-e Tabrizi on Sufism | | | | | | | | | | |
| Key: Some of Muhammad's Companions | Key: Some of Muhammad's Companions | Key: Some of Muhammad's Companions | Key: Some of Muhammad's Companions | Key: Some of Muhammad's Companions | Key: Some of Muhammad's Companions | Key: Taught in Medina | Key: Taught in Medina | Key: Taught in Medina | Key: Taught in Medina | Key: Taught in Medina | Key: Taught in Medina | Key: Taught in Iraq | Key: Taught in Iraq | Key: Taught in Iraq | Key: Taught in Iraq | Key: Taught in Iraq | Key: Taught in Iraq | Key: Worked in Syria | Key: Worked in Syria | Key: Worked in Syria | Key: Worked in Syria | Key: Worked in Syria | Key: Worked in Syria | Key: Travelled extensively collecting the sayings of Muhammad and compiled books of hadith | Key: Travelled extensively collecting the sayings of Muhammad and compiled books of hadith | Key: Travelled extensively collecting the sayings of Muhammad and compiled books of hadith | Key: Travelled extensively collecting the sayings of Muhammad and compiled books of hadith | Key: Travelled extensively collecting the sayings of Muhammad and compiled books of hadith | Key: Travelled extensively collecting the sayings of Muhammad and compiled books of hadith | Key: Worked in Persia | Key: Worked in Persia | Key: Worked in Persia | Key: Worked in Persia | Key: Worked in Persia | Key: Worked in Persia | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |