OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# USS Norman Scott

USS Norman Scott (DD-690) was a United States Navy Fletcher-class destroyer named for Rear-Admiral Norman Scott (1889–1942), who was killed in the Naval Battle of Guadalcanal and awarded the Medal of Honor.
Norman Scott was laid down 26 April 1943 by Bath Iron Works, Bath, Maine. She was launched 28 August 1943, sponsored by Mrs. Norman Scott, widow of Admiral Scott; and commissioned 5 November 1943.

## History

On 14 January 1944, Norman Scott left Boston, escorting the cruiser Canberra to Pearl Harbor, arriving 1 February. Immediately, she served in the Marshall Islands Operations, accompanying the aircraft carrier USS Gambier Bay to newly won Majuro. She returned to Pearl Harbor to prepare for the Mariana Islands Operations, during which she escorted heavy bombardment ships as well as conducting fire support missions of her own, during the invasions of Saipan, 15 June, and of Tinian. While firing on Tinian 24 July, during the invasion, the battleship Colorado came under fire from shore batteries. Norman Scott maneuvered to draw fire away from Colorado, and was hit six times within a few seconds. Norman Scott's captain Seymour Owens and 22 others were killed, with an additional 57 wounded. Temporary repairs were made at Saipan. On 28 July, she sailed for Pearl Harbor and Mare Island Naval Shipyard, where permanent repairs were completed on 21 October. Norman Scott featured in the October 1944 RKO-Pathé film This is America-Navy Yard, about her repairs after being hit at Tinian.
Norman Scott was part of the famed squadron Desron 54 that opened the Battle of Surigao Strait, though she was not present for that action. Norman Scott left Mare Island on 21 October 1944 after her repair to rejoin Desron 54.
Norman Scott trained her new crew in Hawaiian waters, then sailed for Manus. She escorted transports from Manus to the Philippines until 9 February 1945. She then joined the fast carrier task forces of the Fifth and Third Fleets, ranging the western Pacific for strikes which supported the assaults on Iwo Jima and Okinawa. Later in the war, she closed the Japanese home shores as battleships bombarded them. On 15 July 1945, Norman Scott joined battleships Missouri, Wisconsin, and Iowa and destroyers Remey and McGowan in attacking the seaport city of Muroran. These were the first surface ships to bomb the Japanese homeland.
After supporting the occupation of the Japanese naval base at Yokosuka, Norman Scott returned briefly to Okinawa, then proceeded to the west coast, arriving for Navy Day (27 October) celebrations at Tacoma, Washington. After operating out of San Francisco, she was decommissioned 30 April 1946 and was berthed in reserve at San Diego, moving in 1947 to Mare Island. Norman Scott was stricken on 15 April 1973. She was sold for scrap on 3 December 1973.
Norman Scott received seven battle stars for World War II service.
# Bulken Station

Bulken Station (Norwegian: Bulken stasjon) is a railway station on the Bergensbanen railway line located in the village of Bulken in Voss municipality, Vestland county, Norway. The station is served by twelve daily departures in each direction by the Bergen Commuter Rail operated by Vy Tog. The station opened as part in 1883 as part of Vossebanen.

## River surfing

The Bulken Wave (Bulkenbølgen) is a well known river surfing wave located in the Vosso river about 500 meters from Bulken Station. The wave can be surfed when the water has a flow rate around 125 to 150 cubic meters per second. Average water temperature from May to July lies around 8 °C. Surfing here has been featured in Ekstremsportveko.

### Average water flow and temperature

| Place | Map | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Unit |
| Bulken Wave | 60°37′51″N 6°16′38″E﻿ / ﻿60.6307°N 6.2772°E﻿ / 60.6307; 6.2772﻿ (Bulkenbølgen på Voss) | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 4 | 8 | 11 | 14 | 12 | 8 | 5 | 2 | °C |
# Mandelson (surname)

Mandelson is a surname. Notable persons with this surname include:
* Ben Mandelson (born 1953), English world musician
* Jill Mandelson, a character in 31 North 62 East
* Kimberly Mandelson, a character in 31 North 62 East
* Peter Mandelson (born 1953), British Labour politician
# Mehmut Şevket Karman

Mehmut Şevket Karman (16 May 1912 – 3 October 1989) was a Turkish alpine skier and cross-country skier. He competed in the men's combined event at the 1936 Winter Olympics.
Karman was the flag bearer for Turkey in the opening ceremony of 1936 Olympic Games. He competed in two disciplines: alpine skiing and cross-country skiing. In alpine skiing, he competed in the combined event – the only alpine competition. After the downhill he was ranked 59th, out of the classified alpine skiers he was only ahead of his compatriot Reşat Erceş. In the slalom, he was disqualified, leaving him unclassified. In cross-country skiing he finished 72nd in the 18 km event. He also competed in the 4 × 10 km relay, but he and his team recorded a DNF.
# Laura Anson

Laura Anson McCullough (January 2, 1892 – July 15, 1968), born Lura Lillian Kuhlman, was an American actress in silent films, mostly Westerns and crime dramas.

## Early life and education

Lura Kuhlman was born in Nebraska City, Nebraska, the daughter of Adolph J. Kuhlman and Barbara Alleman Kuhlman. Her father was a businessman. Both of her parents moved to Los Angeles in 1920; they both died, at her residence, in 1923 and 1924.

## Career

Anson was a stage actress as a young woman. She moved to Los Angeles by 1920, and appeared in about a dozen silent films between 1920 and 1923, mostly Westerns and crime dramas. Her co-stars included Roscoe Arbuckle, Lila Lee, Thomas Meighan, Pauline Starke, Richard Dix, and Buck Jones. She worked with Cecil B. DeMille, Tom Forman, Charles Maigne, and Scott R. Dunlap, among other directors and producers.
Anson's style was a matter of press interest. In 1920 she experimented with using henna coloring instead of hosiery (so that her legs and feet were, except for the henna and some sandals, bare). "Why, I just got tired of paying out a lot of money for silk stockings," she explained, "and finally solved a way to cut them out." In 1921, her ostrich feather-trimmed lingerie made the news.

## Films

* Sweet Lavender (1920)
* The Easy Road (1921)
* The Little Clown (1921)
* The Affairs of Anatol (1921)
* Crazy to Marry (1921)
* Bluebeard, Jr. (1922)
* The Great Alone (1922)
* If You Believe It, It's So (1922)
* Flames of Passion (1923)
* Skid Proof (1923)
* The Silent Partner (1923)
* The Call of the Canyon (1923)
* The Way of the Transgressor (1923)

## Personal life

Kuhlman married three times. Her first husband was Roy J. Anderson; they married in Iowa in 1910, and soon divorced. Her second husband was dentist John Franklin Anson; they married in Nebraska in 1913 in Nebraska, and she used his surname professionally after they divorced in 1921. She married fellow actor Philo McCullough in 1939, in Arizona. She was also named as party in the 1921–1922 divorce of director Jacques Jaccard and actress Helen Leslie. She died in 1968, at the age of 76, in Woodland Hills, California. Her grave is in Forest Lawn Memorial Park in the Hollywood Hills.
# Li Jong-hyong

Li Jong-Hyong (born 3 January 1956) is a North Korean long-distance runner. He competed in the marathon at the 1980 Summer Olympics. He also competed in the marathon and finished 34th at the 1st IAAF World Athletics Championships on 1983.
# Cortinarius neotropicus

Cortinarius neotropicus is a fungus native to Costa Rica. It was described in 2015 by Emma Harrower and colleagues, and is closely related to the northern hemisphere species Cortinarius violaceus.
# Schladming Tauern

The Schladming Tauern (German: Schladminger Tauern) are a subrange of the Austrian Central Alps within the Eastern Alps. Together with the Radstadt Tauern, the Rottenmann and Wölz Tauern and the Seckau Tauern the Schladming Tauern form the major range known as the Low Tauern. The mountains are located in Austria in the federal states of Salzburg and Styria. Its highest peak, at 2,862 m is the Hochgolling.

## Location

The Schladming Tauern are located in the middle of the Low Tauern between the Sölk Pass in the east and the top of the Tauern Pass in the west. The name comes from the town of Schladming in the Enns valley.

### Neighbouring ranges

The Schladming Tauern border on the following other mountain ranges of the Alps:
* Rottenmann and Wölz Tauern (to the east)
* Nock Mountains (to the south)
* Radstadt Tauern (to the west)
* Salzburg Slate Alps (to the northwest)
* Dachstein Mountains (to the north)

## Subdivision

The Schladming Tauern are divided into six subgroups which are (from west to east), the:
* Seekarspitze Group between the Radstadt Tauern (1,738 m (AA)) and the Oberhütten Saddle (1,866 m (AA)):
** Großes Gurpitscheck (2,526 m (AA))
** Gamskarlspitze (2,411 m (AA))
** Seekarspitze (2,350 m (AA))
* Kalkspitze Group between the Oberhütten Saddle (1,866 m (AA)) and the Lignitzhöhe (2,205 m (AA)) :
** Hundstein (2,614 m (AA))
** Vetternspitzen (2,524 m (AA))
** Styrian and Lungauer Kalkspitze (2,459 m (AA))
* Hochgolling Group between Lignitzhöhe (2,205 m (AA)) and Waldhorntörl (2,283 m (AA)):
** Hochgolling (2,862 m (AA))
** Kasereck (2,740 m (AA))
** Elendberg (2,672 m (AA))
** Zwerfenberg (2,642 m (AA))
** Hocheck (2,638 m (AA))
** Greifenberg (2,618 m (AA))
* Hochwildstellen Group between the Waldhorntörl (2,283 m (AA)) and the Lanschitzscharte (2,345 m (AA)) :
** Hochwildstelle (2,747 m (AA))
** Waldhorn (2,702 m (AA))
** Deichselspitze (2,684 m (AA))
** Hohes Schareck (2,575 m (AA))
* Preber Group between the Lanschitzscharte (2,345 m (AA)) and the Hubenbauertörl (2,051 m (AA)) :
** Roteck (2,742 m (AA))
** Preber (2,740 m (AA))
** Predigtstuhl (2,543 m (AA))
* Knallstein Group between the Hubenbauertörl (2,051 m (AA)) and the Sölk Pass (1,788 m (AA)):
** Großer Knallstein (2,599 m (AA))
** Ruprechtseck (2,591 m (AA))
# Darkey Flat massacre

The Darkey Flat Massacre is a massacre of Aboriginal Australians by European settlers that supposedly took place some time in the 1840s. There is no eyewitness, first-hand, or clear documentary evidence relating to the massacre and there is some doubt as to whether it actually occurred.
# Kibori kuma

Kibori kuma (Japanese:木彫り熊) is a Japanese rural craft that consists of a wooden carving of a bear with a fish in its mouth. The sculptures are mainly produced in Hokkaido; small carvings are sold as souvenirs of the island. The most common design depicts a brown bear biting a chum salmon, and the sculptor portrays the bear's thick bristles by using an axe. However, many variations of the kibori kuma have evolved.

## Origins

Tokugawa Yoshichika [ja], the 19th leader of the Owari branch, purchased a wooden carving of a bear while he was in Bern, Switzerland; Tokugawa was traveling through Europe between 1921 and 1922.
After returning to Japan, Tokugawa traveled to the “Tokugawa Farm,” a farm in the town of Yakumo that was then part of the Owari Domain. Tokugawa presented the carving to the farmers, suggesting that they manufacture copies of it during the winter as a source of income. The farmers agreed, and the first sculptures they made were displayed at a 1924 exhibition of rural arts and crafts that was held in the town.
During a 1927 exhibition, a kibori kuma was awarded a prize and offered to Prince Chichibu. The following year, an exhibition of bear sculptures was held to commemorate the 50th anniversary of Yakumo. Through these exhibitions, the popularity of kibori kuma spread throughout the country; as many as 5,000 carvings were produced during the early Shōwa period.
The kibori kuma was also produced in the city of Asahikawa. Matsui Umetarou, an Ainu, helped manufacture the souvenir and increase its popularity. When Emperor Hirohito visited Hokkaido in 1936, he was offered two bear carvings—one from Yakumo and one from Asahikawa. However, manufacture of the souvenir has since declined. As of 2012, only one site of production remains. A museum in Yakumo town opened in April 2012 to display these crafts to the community once again.
# Idmo

Idmo (Arabic: إدمو, Coptic: ⲧⲙⲟⲩ) is a village which lies about 12 kilometres to the west of Minya city, the capital of Minya Governorate, upper Egypt.
The Arabic name of the village comes from Coptic which means "the island".
The population of this village, according to the last census in 2006, is 25,000. It is a peninsula, surrounded by the water of the Yusof sea from all the directions except the west. It is bound by Demsheer village from the east, Toukh village from the south, Hahia village from the north and Aljamala village from the west.
As in most of Egypt rural areas, the village is formed of many tribes: Abdalla, Awaisa, Rakaiba, Ayaida, jarkma, shorafaa, zaaira etc. The most famous tribe is Abdalla as it has national and international well-educated figures. The literacy rate in this village is about 50%. Although this rate is low in general, it is even lower in certain tribes. The highest literacy rate is in Abdalla tribe. From this tribe are the following famous names: Professor Ali Khalaf Mahrous, professor of ear, nose and throat – He is also an international figure and well known in England as well. The Judge Hamdi Khalifa and police officers Omar Khalifa and Mohamed Khalifa. Also, Professor Ahmed Abdelwahab, professor in the faculty of engineering. Outside Abdalla tribe is Dr Atef Abdelhakim who is a lecturer in the faculty of engineering. A bridge over the yusof sea has helped the trade in Idmo village as it connected it directly to the east and made it easier to commute to the Alminia city itself.
# Bernard II, Duke of Saxe-Lauenburg

Bernard II of Saxe-Lauenburg (German: Bernhard II.; c. 1385/1392 – 16 July 1463) was a member of the House of Ascania and Duke of Saxe-Lauenburg from 1426 to 1463. His full title was Duke of Saxony, Angria and Westphalia, however only ruling the branch duchy of Saxe-Lauenburg between 1426 and 1463.

## Life

He was a son of Eric IV, Duke of Saxe-Lauenburg and Sophia of Brunswick-Lüneburg. Bernard urged his ruling brother Eric V to share his reign. Failed in his fight for the Saxon electorate Eric finally agreed and made Bernard the co-duke of Saxe-Lauenburg in 1426. When Eric V died in 1435 Bernard continued the reign alone.
Bernard II reinforced Saxe-Lauenburg's claim to inherit Electoral Saxe-Wittenberg with the latter and Saxe-Lauenburg having been partitioned from the younger Duchy of Saxony in the 13th century. Following his great-great-great-great grandfather Bernard I, the first Ascanian duke of younger Saxony, Bernard II is counted as second.
In 1444, during the Soester feud, King Frederik III referred the Soest delegation to the court of Duke Bernard of Saxe-Lauenburg. The people of Soest also rejected Duke Bernhard of Saxe-Lauenburg as an arbitrator. The duke largely agreed with the archbishop of Cologne in 1444.

## Coat of Arms

In order to strengthen his claim Bernard adopted the Saxe-Wittenbergian coat-of-arms for Saxe-Lauenburg. The coat of arms shows in the upper left quarter the Ascanian barry of ten, in Or and sable, covered by a crancelin of rhombs bendwise in vert. The crancelin symbolises the Saxon ducal crown. The second quarter shows in azure an eagle crowned in Or, representing the imperial Pfalzgraviate of Saxony. The third quarter displays in argent three water-lily leaves in gules, standing for the County of Brehna. The lower right fourth quarter shows in sable and argent the electoral swords (German: Kurschwerter) in gules, indicating the Saxon office as Imperial Arch-Marshal (German: Erzmarschall, Latin: Archimarescallus), pertaining to the Saxon privilege as Prince-elector, besides the right to elect a new emperor after the decease of the former.
The different quarters of the coat of arms, from then on representing the Duchy of Saxony, Angria and Westphalia (Lauenburg), were later often misinterpreted as symbolising Angria (Brehna's water-lily leaves) and Westphalia (the comital palatine Saxon eagle).

## Marriage and issue

In 1428 Bernard married Adelheid of Pomerania-Stolp (1410 – after 1445), daughter of Bogislaw VIII, Duke of Pomerania. They had the following children:
* Sophia (1428 – 9 September 1473), married Gerhard VII, Duke of Jülich-Berg
* John V (1439–1507).

## Ancestry

Ancestors of Bernard II, Duke of Saxe-Lauenburg :
# Hohenstaufen Castle

Hohenstaufen Castle (German: Burg Hohenstaufen) is a ruined castle in Göppingen in Baden-Württemberg, Germany. The hill castle was built in the 11th century, on a conical hill between the Rems and Fils rivers (both tributaries of the Neckar) in what was then the Duchy of Swabia. It was the seat of the Staufer (Hohenstaufen) dynasty, the Dukes of Swabia for the period of 1079–1268, with three Holy Roman Emperors during 1155–1250. The castle was destroyed in the German Peasants' War of 1525.
Hohenstaufen Castle can be found on Hohenstaufen Mountain, 684 m (2,244 ft) above sea level. The word Stauf means "drinking vessel" (beaker or cup) and refers to the conical shape of the mountain.

## Middle Ages

Hohenstaufen castle was built about 1070 by Frederick I of Hohenstaufen—even before he became Duke of Swabia—as a fortress to protect family interests in the vicinity. Until the 13th century, the castle was a possession of the imperial and royal family, the Hohenstaufen dynasty. In 1181, Emperor Frederick Barbarossa stayed there; in 1208, Irene Angelina, the widow of Barbarossa's son, the recently murdered Philip of Swabia, died at Hohenstaufen Castle.
After the fall of the Hohenstaufen in 1268, the castle was declared an imperial possession by the Habsburg king Rudolf I of Germany. The strategically and symbolically important location was a constant bone of contention between the Counts of Württemberg and the Holy Roman Emperor.
In 1372, Hohenstaufen Castle finally was in the hands of the Württemberg rulers. After the expulsion of Duke Ulrich of Württemberg by the members of the Swabian League in 1519, one Georg Staufer of Bloßenstaufen successfully claimed the castle, as a descendant of the old Hohenstaufen dynasty. Therefore, only a small force defended the castle in 1525, when it was taken and destroyed by the peasants during the German Peasants' War. Stones from the castle were later used in the construction of the Renaissance Göppingen Castle.

## Modern times

Since the German unification of 1871, Hohenstaufen Castle has been regarded as a national monument. The archaeologist Walther Veeck undertook excavations on it between 1936 and 1938, and further excavations were made between 1967 and 1971, uncovering and securing the castle foundations. A Hohenstaufen memorial stele (Stauferstele) was inaugurated in 2002. In 2009 additional work was done to preserve the site. It is also worth mentioning that in the beginning of 1943, the 9th Armored SS division received its title "Hohenstaufen" – because most Waffen-SS divisions' and regiments' official titles were based on renowned people, places or media with roots in Germanic history.
The Staufer Museum, located at the intersection of Pfarrgasse and Kaiserbergsteige in Hohenstaufen, contains artifacts from and historical information about the site. The trail that leads to the castle site starts between the two churches that are adjacent to the Staufer Museum.

## Gallery

* Hohenstaufen Castle Ruins
* Hohenstaufen Castle Ruins
* Hohenstaufen Castle Ruins
* Staufer Museum in Hohenstaufen
# Playing with Fire (1921 German film)

Playing with Fire (German: Das Spiel mit dem Feuer) is a 1921 German silent comedy-drama film directed by Georg Kroll and Robert Wiene and starring Diana Karenne, Vasilij Vronski, Ossip Runitsch, and Anton Edthofer. It was shot at the Babelsberg Studios in Berlin. The film received a generally positive reception from critics, although some were doubtful about the blending of farce and tragedy.

## Synopsis

A method actress likes living out the roles she is playing in real life. To prepare for her new play, she enters the criminal underworld and ends up being implicated in a burglary of a Duke who is one of her suitors.

## Cast

* Diana Karenne
* Vasilij Vronski
* Ossip Runitsch
* Anton Edthofer
* Hans Junkermann
* Emil Biron
* Viktor Blum
* Leonhard Haskel
* Emil Heyse [de]
* Max Kronert
* Karl Platen
* Lucia Tosti
* Otto Treptow
# Turgi railway station

Turgi railway station (German: Bahnhof Turgi) is a railway station in the municipality of Turgi in the Swiss canton of Aargau. The station is located on the Zurich to Olten main line, and is the junction for the Turgi–Koblenz–Waldshut line.

## Services

As of the December 2023 timetable change, the following services stop at Turgi:
* RegioExpress: hourly service between Olten and Wettingen.
* Zürich S-Bahn:
** S12: half-hourly service between Brugg AG and Winterthur; trains continue from Winterthur to Schaffhausen or Wil.
** S19: rush-hour service between Koblenz and Pfäffikon ZH.
** SN1: on Friday and Saturday night, hourly service between Aarau and Winterthur via Zürich Stadelhofen.
* Aargau S-Bahn:
** S23: hourly service between Langenthal and Baden.
** S27: half-hourly service between Baden and Koblenz; trains continue from Koblenz to Waldshut or Bad Zurzach.
** S29: half-hourly service to Aarau and hourly service to Sursee.
# Royyal Dog

Chris Changyang Shim (Korean: 심찬양, born (1989-02-25)February 25, 1989), known as Royyal Dog and formerly Royal Dog, is a South Korean graffiti writer and street artist. He is best known for his photorealistic murals of African American women in traditional Korean hanbok. Shim started gaining recognition in 2016 for his murals featuring rap icons and multiculturalism in the United States.

## Early life and education

Shim studied cartoon animation at Chungkang College of Cultural Industries. Wanting to become a missionary to Africa, he began studies in 2011 at the International Evangelical College in the Philippines in Pastoral Studies, but left school in 2013 to pursue painting in Perth, Australia. He draws much of his inspiration from hip hop culture.

## Notable works

* "Flower Has Bloomed", 2016 - The Container Yard, Los Angeles, CA
* Michelle Obama, 2019 - 74th Street and Chappel Avenue, Chicago, IL
* Kobe Bryant tribute, 2020 - 400 S. Alameda Ave, Los Angeles, CA
# Saha, Estonia

Saha (German: Saage) is a village in Jõelähtme Parish, Harju County in northern Estonia.

## Saha Chapel

The medieval chapel at Saha probably dates from about 1220, and was possibly built at the site of an earlier pagan place of worship, but the original structure was destroyed during an uprising in 1223. The present building dates from the early 15th century and shows some likeness to Pirita Convent, built around the same time. Saha chapel is unusually well-preserved and no major alterations have been made since its construction. Judging from details such as grooves made for bolting beams by the doors, the chapel probably also had a defensive function. The windows with their fine tracery, the staircase and the platter for holy water are especially noteworthy architectural details. Of the interior, only the limestone altar is original.
# Allegory of Vanity and Repentance

Allegory of Vanity and Repentance is a 1616 oil painting by the Dutch artist Cornelis van Haarlem. It is now housed in the Musée des Beaux-Arts of Strasbourg, France, with the inventory number 1969. The painting is also known by its lesser-used titles Human Love and Divine Love, and was previously referred to as Pagan Life and Christian Life. Although the Dutch Republic was predominantly Protestant in 1616, van Haarlem created this painting for a Catholic patron.
In the foreground of the painting, a couple is depicted: a woman with a mirror and bare breasts, personifying Vanitas and a musician gazing at the viewer, personifying fleeting pleasure, as embodied by the sounds of his instrument. On a table before them lie a crown, golden coins, and other precious wordly objects, such as a hanap. A bearded monk, visible through the window, captures the viewer's attention by pointing towards Jesus praying in the Garden; his outstretched right hand towards the couple signifies that they may join him through repentance and be saved.