OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Qasr al-Hallabat

Qasr al-Hallabat (Arabic: قصر الحلابات) is an Umayyad desert castle, with the associated bath house of Hammam as-Sarah east of it. The nearby modern town, named after the castle, is part of the Zarqa Governorate of north-western Jordan, north-east of the capital of Amman.

## History

The complex of Qasr al-Hallabat is located in Jordan's eastern desert. Originally a Roman structure constructed in the 2nd-3rd century AD to protect the eastern frontiers of the Roman Empire, although there is trace evidence of Nabatean presence at the site. It was one fort of many on the Roman highway, Via Nova Traiana, a route that connected Damascus to Aila (modern-day Aqaba) by way of Petra and Philadelphia (modern-day Amman).
In the 6th century, the fort was ceded to the Ghassanids as part of the foedus treaty with the Byzantine emperor Justinian. The Ghassanids significantly altered the structure and constructed a monastery.
By the 8th century, the Umayyad caliph Hisham ibn Abd al-Malik ordered the structures to be demolished in order to redevelop this military site and its neighboring territory to become one of the grandest of all Umayyad desert complexes.

## Umayyad complex

Guided by the extant plan, Hisham incorporated a mosque (situated 15 meters southeast of the main structure), a complicated water system including five cisterns and a considerably large water reservoir, and a bathhouse. Furthermore, situated to the west of the palace remains an enclosed structure probably used for agricultural purposes such as cultivating olive trees and/or grapevines, of which only a one-layered stone footprint is still standing.

### Qasr

The main palace is built of dark and light stone, basalt and limestone, and has a square floor plan with towers at each corner. Grand in stature, the principal structures were further enhanced with decorative mosaics depicting an assortment of animals, detailed frescoes and highly crafted stucco carvings. The site remains to be completely restored.

### Mosque

Approximately some 14 meters southeast of the palace stand the remains of the mosque. Small in scale, it measures 10.70 by 11.80 meters and is constructed of layered limestone. Inside, two arching riwaqs divide the mosque into three sections. A rounded molding extends the perimeter of the space at the height of 2.10 meters. Similar to Qusayr 'Amra and Hammam as-Sarah, three barrel vaults support the roof of the structure. Encircling the mosque from the north, west, and east stood a 3.30-meter wide portico.
Of the mosque, three wall sections, including the mihrab in the southern wall, remained intact from the original structure. Recent reconstruction works have added back the collapsed elements.

## Gallery

* Mosque (front view) after being largely rebuilt, Mihrab is visible in the interior back wall
* Entrance courtyard
* Mosaic floor at the castle
* Greek inscription on basalt block in secondary use

## Modern town

The nearby modern town of Qasr Al-Hallabat is a municipality consisting of four villages. The area is inhabited by the Bani Sakhr tribe, especially the Al-Othman family.
# Batuhan Çiftçi

Batuhan Çiftçi (born 16 December 1997) is a Turkish boxer in the (-52 kg) discipline. He received a quota for the 2020 Summer Olympics.
Batuhan Çiftçi was born in Üsküdar, Istanbul, Turkey on 16 December 1997.
He started boxing in around 2008. The 1.73 m (5 ft 8 in) tall athlete at 57 kg is a member of Fenerbahçe Boxing
He competed at the 2018 Mediterranean Games in Tarragona, Spain, the 2019 AIBA World Championships in Yekaterinburg, Russia, and the 2019 European Games in Minsk, Belarus. He won the bronze medal at the 2020 European Boxing Olympic Qualification Tournament in London, United Kingdom. He obtained a quota for the 2020 Summer Olympics.
# List of local government areas of the Gambia by Human Development Index

This is a list of local government areas of The Gambia by Human Development Index as of 2024 with data for the year 2022.
| Rank | LGA | HDI (2022) |
| Low human development |||
| 1 | Kanifing | 0.548 |
| 2 | Banjul | 0.540 |
| 3 | Brikama | 0.524 |
| – | Gambia (average) | 0.495 |
| 4 | Kerewan | 0.445 |
| 5 | Mansakonko | 0.438 |
| 6 | Basse | 0.421 |
| 7 | Janjanbureh | 0.385 |
| 8 | Kuntaur | 0.337 |
# Verkhny Arshi

Verkhny Arshi (Russian: Верхний Арши; Dargwa: ЧебяхӀ ГӀярши) is a rural locality (a selo) and the administrative centre of Arshimakhinsky Selsoviet, Levashinsky District, Republic of Dagestan, Russia. The population was 994 as of 2010. There are 12 streets.

## Geography

Verkhny Arshi is located 24 km west of Levashi (the district's administrative centre) by road. Nizhniye Arshi and Kundurkhe are the nearest rural localities.

## Nationalities

Dargins live there.
# Eugen Brodhun

Eugen Heinrich Eduad Ernst Brodhun (15 October 1860 – 19 September 1938) was a German physicist.
He developed the "Lummer-Brodhun-Würfel" (Lummer-Brodhun spectro-photometer) with Otto Lummer in 1889.
# Zik (general)

Zik (𐭉𐭆𐭀𐭊 zy’k *Zīg; Greek: Ζικ or Ζιχ Zik or Zikh) or in Greek sources also Zecas (Greek: Ζηκας), was a 4th-century Iranian officer active during the reign of the Sasanian king (shah) Shapur II (r. 309–379). He was a member of the House of Zik, one of the Seven Great Houses of Iran. Not much is known about him; he was in c. 367 along with Karen given a large army to rule over Armenia, which had recently been seized by the Iranian army. "The Zik" is mentioned in Part Six, Section One of the Buzandaran Patmutʻiwnkʻ attributed to Faustus of Byzantium: King Arshak I of Armenia "gave his deputy the Zik as a mentor to King Khosrow I."
# Gazarkhani-ye Seyyedabad

Gazarkhani-ye Seyyedabad (Persian: گذرخاني سيداباد, also Romanized as Gaẕarkhānī-ye Seyyedābād) is a village in Hablerud Rural District, in the Central District of Firuzkuh County, Tehran Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 38, in 14 families.
# Kohneh Zuran

Kohneh Zuran (Persian: كهنه زوران, also Romanized as Kohneh Zūrān) is a village in Baryaji Rural District, in the Central District of Sardasht County, West Azerbaijan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 27, in 4 families.
# Michael Bennett (film director)

Michael Te Arawa Bennett is a New Zealand writer, scenarist, author and director for film and television.

## Career

Bennett is the co-creator, writer, show-runner and executive producer of TVNZ's Vegas.
He is also the author of In Dark Places, a study of the wrongful conviction of Teina Pora for the 1992 murder of Susan Burdett, which won the 2017 Ngaio Marsh crime writing award. His 2022 crime novel, Better the Blood, was shortlisted for the Jann Medlicott Acorn Prize for Fiction at the 2023 Ockham New Zealand Book Awards and for the Best Novel at the 2023 Ngaio Marsh Awards.

## Personal life

Bennett is Maori and is of Te Arawa descent. He resides in Auckland with his partner and three children, and is the head of screenwriting at South Seas Film School.
Bennett is a cousin of actor Manu Bennett.

## Partial filmography

* Michelle's Third Novel (1994) (writer, short film)
* Street Legal (2000) (writer, TV serial)
* Cow (2002) (writer and director, short film)
* Kerosene Creek (2004) (writer and director, short film)
* The Lost Children (2006) (writer, TV serial)
* Maddigan's Quest (2006) (writer, TV serial)
* Outrageous Fortune (2005–2007) (writer and director, TV serial)
* Matariki (2010) (writer and director, feature film)
* In Dark Places (2018) (writer and director, TV film)
* Vegas (2021) (writer and producer, TV serial)
* The Convert (2023) (writer, film)
# Merheleva Ridge

Merheleva Ridge (Ukrainian: Мергелева гряда, also transliterated Mergeleva, literally "Marlstone Ridge", "Marl Ridge") is the site of an Eneolithic temple and burial complex consisting primarily of four large stone mounds or kurgans situated near Perevalsk, Luhansk Oblast, Ukraine, about 30 km to the west-to-southwest of the city of Luhansk. "Merheleva" is the Ukrainian adjective from the word merhel, marlstone, which is a type of limestone common in the region. Supposedly the site was built in about 4000 BC, corresponding to the Dnieper-Donets or early Yamna culture, and remained in use throughout the Bronze Age and well into the Iron Age, until 5th century BC Sarmatia. It was discovered in 2004, and the discovery officially announced on 7 September 2006.

## Discovery and excavation

The site was discovered in 2004 by school children participating in an archaeology camp organised by Alchevsk history teacher Vladimir Paramonov, who has been organising expeditions of schoolchildren to the hill range since 1995.
It is believed that much of the site was constructed about 3000 BC, in the early Bronze Age. The site is believed to be a complex of temples and sacrificial altars topping a hill with sides sculpted into steps.
Viktor Klochko, the archaeologist in charge of the dig site and deputy Minister of Science of the Tourism and Protection of Cultural Heritage Department of the Lugansk regional administration, said that the discovery was of international significance as the first monument of its kind found in Eastern Europe:
    "It changes our whole conception of the social structure and the level of development of the cattle breeders and farmers who were the direct ancestors of most European peoples."
Archaeologists have confirmed that evidence of graves has been found at the Luhansk site, which they believe to have been the result of human sacrifice, rather than due to its use as a burial ground.
According to The Guardian, remains of sacrifice victims, ashes and ceramics have been found at the site, but no jewellery or treasure. The complex has a base area of three-quarters of a square mile, is estimated to be 60 metres (192 ft) high, and was probably used for 2,000 years.
In Kurgan No. 4, three graves of the Berezhnovsko-Maevskaya group of the Late Bronze Age Srubna culture were found above three graves of the Early Bronze Age Catacomb culture, with 13 graves and sacrificial pits. One of the skulls found was dated to ca. 3000 BC. Four stone statues were found near the graves.

## Misidentification as pyramid and clarification

Initial reports indicated that archaeologists had discovered a pyramidal structure.
Klochko blamed the press: "I'm not sure where the pyramid idea came from - the media got it wrong," says Klochko. "We didn't find anything like an Egyptian pyramid. Though the site is on a hill. But it's interesting enough in its own right."
# Otto Rudolf Salvisberg

Otto Rudolf Salvisberg (19 October 1882, Köniz – 23 December 1940, Arosa) was a Swiss architect.
Between 1905 and 1930 Salvisberg worked in Germany. He worked with Bruno Ahrends and Wilhelm Büning to design the "White City" housing settlement in Berlin.

## Biography

After completing his apprenticeship as a building draughtsman, Salvisberg attended the School of Architecture at the Technicum in Biel/Bienne in 1901, which he graduated from in 1904 with honors. Subsequently, he traveled through southern Germany to Munich. In Munich, Salvisberg attended courses at the Technical University of Munich, where August Thiersch, Friedrich von Thiersch, and Karl Hocheder were teaching. Presumably in 1905, he continued his journey to Karlsruhe. In addition to his employment at the architectural firm Curjel & Moser in Karlsruhe, he studied at the Technical University of Karlsruhe under the guidance of Carl Schäfer.
From 1930, Salvisberg taught as a professor at the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Zurich, where he built the district heating plant and mechanical engineering laboratory until 1934. In 1938, he spent some time in Turkey. In the 1930s, Salvisberg was the in-house architect for the pharmaceutical company Hoffmann-La Roche, designing the development plan and many buildings at the headquarters in Basel as well as numerous buildings for the subsidiaries around the world.
# Dursun Ali Eğribaş

Dursun Ali Eğribaş (1933 – August 2014) was a Turkish wrestler. He won a bronze medal in flyweight at the 1956 Summer Olympics in Melbourne.
# Tyler Weir

Tyler Carlton Weir (born 21 December 1990) is an English professional footballer who plays for Newent Town AFC in the Hellenic Division 1

## Career

Born in Hereford, Herefordshire, he signed a deal with his hometown club Hereford United in Football League Two at the beginning of May 2009. He made his debut for the club in a home defeat to Milton Keynes Dons in the southern section semi-final of the Football League Trophy. On 28 February 2011 he signed for Gloucester City on loan for a month where he scored his first senior goal against Stafford Rangers. After an impressive first month the loan was extended to cover the rest of the season. His form with the Tigers earned him a new one-year contract with the Bulls to keep him at the club for the 2011/2012 season. He re-joined Gloucester City on a months loan in August 2011 in order to provide cover for injuries within the Tigers squad, this was later extended until January where he then joined league rivals Worcester City until the end of the season.
In February 2016, Weir was handed a six-month suspension by The Football Association, of which four-months where suspended until 1 July 2018, for failing to immediately report an "approach by a third party related to seeking to influence the outcome or conduct of a match or competition". The FA also stated, "It is important to note that the three players were not involved in any attempt to fix matches and did not accept monies or gifts".
In the summer 2019, Weir joined Evesham United, but soon left and has been with Newent Town since then.
# Indianapolis 500 (pinball)

Indianapolis 500 is a pinball machine designed by Dennis Nordman and produced by Midway (under the Bally brand name) released in June 1995. It is based on the sporting event of the same name.

## Description

The three voices in the game are commentators Paul Page (longtime "Voice of the '500'"), and three-time Indy 500 winner Bobby Unser, and the announcer Tom Carnegie, who was a legend at the Indianapolis Motor Speedway for 50 years.
This game has no sink-holes and many targets and is one of the first pinball machines to feature light up targets. Such an object is a square plastic target, that is a little larger than one of the RIVER targets in White Water, or the REPAIR targets in Doctor Who and divided into four quadrants. Each quadrant can light up. The targets are completed if they are hit 4 times.

## Digital versions

Indianapolis 500 was available as a licensed table of The Pinball Arcade for PC from July 1, 2016, to June 30, 2018.
# Marcin Kuszewski

Marcin Kuszewski (born 19 May 1977) is a Polish hurdler. He competed in the men's 110 metres hurdles at the 2000 Summer Olympics.
# My Last Tango

My Last Tango (Spanish: Mi último tango) is a 1960 Spanish drama film directed by Luis César Amadori and starring Sara Montiel, Maurice Ronet and Isabel Garcés. A former maid enjoys success as a tango performer in Argentina.
Amadori had previously made this film in 1939 as the musical melodrama Caminito de Gloria, starring Libertad Lamarque.

## Cast

* Sara Montiel as Marta Andreu
* Maurice Ronet as Dario Ledesma
* Isabel Garcés as Clarisa
* Laura Granados as Luisa Marival
* Milo Quesada as Carlos Gardel
* Luisa de Córdoba as Adelina
* Alfonso Godá
* Rafael Bardem as Maestro Andreu
* Juan Cortés as Dr, Eladio Ferrer
* María del Puy as Patricia
* Mario Morales as Card Player
* José María Labernié
* Diego Hurtado
* Manuel Guitián as Stage Manager
* Josefina Serratosa as Too Potent Singer
* Rufino Inglés
* Teófilo Palou as Well Travelled Man
* Anotonio Vela as Boy giving bird cage to blind Sarita
* Agustín González as Manager of Teatro Esmeralda
# Yannis Kotsiras

Yannis Kotsiras (Greek: Γιάννης Κότσιρας; born 5 October 1969) is a Greek singer and songwriter.

## Life and career

Kotsiras was born in Athens on 5 October 1969.
He began his career in 1990, singing folk music, and released his first album in 1996, titled Athoos Enochos ('Innocent Guilt'). He released his first live album in 2002. In 2004, in honour of that year's Athens Olympic Games, he released the song "Pass the Flame" in English, Greek, and instrumental versions on the same CD. In 2010, he began a collaboration with Yasmin Levy. Among his most popular songs are "Filakas Aggelos"('Guardian Angel') and "Anathema Se" ('Curse You').

## Discography
### Studio albums

* Athoos Enochos ('Innocent Guilt') (1996)
* Mono Enafili ('Just a Kiss') (1997)
* Filakas Aggelos ('Guardian Angel') (1999)
* Ine diki mas i zoi mas (2000)
* Xylino alogaki (2003)
* 30 kai kati (2004)
* Taxidia filia (2006)
* Kai pali paidi (2008)
* I Smyrni tou erota (2012) [& Estudiantina]
* Ilios kokkinos (2012) [Album by Marios Tokas, 3 songs]
* Mousiko kouti (2013)
* O,ti thymasai den pethainei (2014)
* Pinelopi Delta (2015) Music for theatre
* Pseftis Keros ('Lying Weather') (2016)
* Kita giro (2020)

### Live albums

* Yannis Kotsiras LIVE (2002)
* Ti tragoudi na sou po – DVD (2003)
* Yannis Kotsiras Live 2010 (2010)

### Compiliations

* Best of Yiannis Kotsiras (2004)
* Paragelia Best of (2016)

### Soundtracks

* Adis (1996)
* Valkanizater (1997)
* Efapax – CD single (2001)
* Pinelopi Delta - theatrical play (2015)

### Re-released

* Axion Esti (2002) (Mikis Theodorakis)
* Pnevmatiko Emvatirio (2002) (Mikis Theodorakis)
* Stavros tou Notou ( 2005) (Thanos Mikroutsikos)
* O Dromos (2006) (Mimis Plessas & Lefteris Papadopoulos)
# Autumn Milk

Autumn Milk (German: Herbstmilch) is a 1989 film directed by Joseph Vilsmaier. It is based on the autobiography of Anna Wimschneider.
The film was bestowed awards at the 39th German Film Awards in Berlin: the silver Filmband for the film and the golden Filmband for new talent for the leading actress Dana Vávrová. It also won new talent awards for Dana Vávrová and Werner Stocker at the 10th Bavarian film prize.
It was a great box-office success, with over two million viewers.

## Plot

This cinematic adaptation of the autobiography of Anna Wimschneider depicts her life's experiences and workaday routines as a woman born on a farm in Lower Bavaria, Germany in the 1920s. Anna's mother died young in childbirth and Anna had to take her place and work very hard. At a Nazi Party rally she meets young Albert, who owns a farm. They realize that they both don't believe in fascism and go to a coffee bar where he starts wooing her. Against her prior decision to leave farm life as soon as possible, she agrees to marry him, hoping that her life will become easier on Albert's farm.
# Emirates Scout Association

The Emirates Scout Association (Arabic: جمعية كشافة الإمارات) is the national Scouting organization of the United Arab Emirates. Scouting was founded in the United Arab Emirates in 1972 and became a member of the World Organization of the Scout Movement in 1977. It has 5,522 members (as of 2011).
Scouting was previously founded in several of the individual emirates prior to unification. Scouting was extant in Sharjah by 1957, and in Umm al-Qiwain prior to 1971.
The national Scout camp is at Sharjah. Scouts participate in regional and world Scouting activities, and are active with other Persian Gulf states training in Wood Badge.
The Scout Motto is Kun Musta'idan or كن مستعداً, translating as Be Prepared in Arabic. The noun for a single Scout is Kashaf or كشاف in Arabic.
# John Ioubes

John Ioubes (Greek: Ἰωάννης Ἰούβης) was a Byzantine official (qualified as illoustrios) in the middle of the 10th century at Chalcedon. He is known from the hagiography of St. Luke the Stylite. According to it, his pregnant wife was in pain for 22 days but could not give birth, until they called upon the saint's help. He is likely a descendant of Ioube (Ἰούβη, Hellenized form of Ayyub), an Arab whose sons, Niketas and Chase, came to Byzantium as prisoners and entered imperial service. This Arab origin is likely why the text of the hagiography records that the surname "Ioubes" was used derisively.
# Bang Mot tangerine

The Bang Mot tangerine (Thai: ส้มบางมด, RTGS: som Bang Mot, pronounced) is a local cultivar of the mandarin orange grown in the Bang Mot area of Thon Buri, Bangkok, Thailand. Despite its common name, it is a mandarin orange of the species Citrus reticulata and not a tangerine (Citrus tangerina). In 1924, a local farmer brought cuttings from a mandarin grove in Bangkok Noi District and planted them at Bang Mot, Thung Khru District near Bang Mot canal in 1924. This area has very fertile soil with elevated levels of potassium giving the fruit a sweet-sour taste. There were up to 96 square kilometres (37 sq mi) of tangerine groves in the past.
Flooding in Thon Buri in 1967 killed many of the Bang Mot tangerine trees. The floods made many farmers reluctant to plant it again. Rapid urban expansion of Bangkok also reduced the land available for planting. They then moved the plant to Rangsit canal, until becoming another famous tangerine, Rangsit tangerine

## Appearance

The Bang Mot tangerine has a flat, smooth, thin skin with juicy, orange flesh inside. The sections separate easily. Bang Mot tangerines are sweet and slightly sour-tasting. The Bang Mot tangerine has a stronger taste than other tangerines.

## Diseases
### Root and stem rot

The symptoms are caused by a fungus that begins on the stem near the ground. This will cause the tangerine to have a black marks on the skin. Then the skin will change from orange to brown and rot, leaves will be pale yellow and fall. The branches will dry out and die.

### Greening disease

This occurs if the plant hopper carries pathogens to orange trees. The leaves will be pale yellow and thinner than normal, and the fruit will be smaller than normal.

## Pests

Important pests are leaf miners and caterpillars. Leaf miners will eat the leaves, causing a white zigzag line on the leaves. The leaf miner keeps leaves from growing. It can come every season, and it can cause severe damage to growing leaves. Caterpillars eat young tangerine leaves. When caterpillars hatch they start to eat leaves immediately. Caterpillar damage can kill tangerine trees.
# Andreas Palaiologos (disambiguation)

Andreas Palaiologos or Andrew Palaeologus (Greek: Ἀνδρέας Παλαιολόγος, romanized: Andreas Palaiológos) may refer to:
* Andreas Palaiologos (fl. 1342–1349), leader of the Zealots of Thessalonica
* Andreas Palaiologos (1453–1502), titular Emperor of Constantinople 1483–1494, 1498–1502 and Despot of the Morea 1465–1502
* Andreas Palaiologos (son of Manuel) (fl. 1520), son of Manuel Palaiologos
# Alexandros Kontostavlos

Alexandros Kontostavlos (Greek: Αλέξανδρος Κοντόσταυλος; c. 1789, Chios – 1865, Athens) was a Greek banker, magnate and politician.

## Biography

Konstavlos was born on the island of Chios in about 1789 and descended from a noble family that traced its origins to the Byzantine Empire. After studies in Italy, he became a member of the Filiki Etaireia and during the latter part of the Greek Revolution served as an envoy to the United States for the purchase of warships. In 1828, Governor Ioannis Kapodistrias named him a member of the financial committee and sent him to Malta, where he purchased the mint that was used to produce the first modern Greek currency, the Phoenix.
Under King Otto of Greece, he was elected several times to Parliament for Karystos, and served as Minister of Finance on 5 October 1855 – 2 July 1856. From December 1856 to July 1856, he was Speaker of the Hellenic Parliament.
He died in Athens in 1865. His son, Alexandros A. Kontostavlos, was a diplomat and politician.
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