OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Colonus (Attica)

Colonus or Kolonos (/kəˈloʊnəs/; Ancient Greek: Κολωνός, translit. Kolōnós) was a deme of the phyle Aegeis, of ancient Attica, celebrated as the deme of Sophocles, and the scene of one of the poet's tragedies, was situated ten stadia from the gate of the city, called Dipylum, near Plato's Academy and the river Cephissus. It derived its name from two small but conspicuous heights, which rise from the plain a little to the north of the Academy. Hence it is called by Sophocles "the white Colonus". It was under the especial care of Poseidon, and is called by Thucydides the ἱερόν of this god. It is frequently called Colonus Hippius or Kolonos Hippeios (Κολωνός Ἵππειος) or Hippius Colonus or Hippeios Kolonos (Ἵππειος Κολωνός), both meaning "Colonus of the Horses", to distinguish it from the "Colonus Agoraeus" in Athens. Besides the temple of Poseidon, it possessed a sacred grove of the Eumenides, altars of Athena Hippia, Demeter, Zeus, and Prometheus, together with sanctuaries of Peirithous, Theseus, Oedipus, and Adrastus. According to Greek mythology, Oedipus was buried there, as described by Sophocles, who was born there, in his Oedipus at Colonus. The natural beauties of the spot are described by Sophocles in the magnificent chorus: "Here the nightingale, a constant guest, trills her clear note under the trees of green glades, dwelling amid the wine-dark ivy and the god's inviolate foliage, rich in berries and fruit, unvisited by sun, unvexed by the wind of any storm. Here the reveller Dionysus ever walks the ground, companion of the nymphs that nursed him."
In the Athenian oligarchic revolution of 411 BCE, the oligarchs convened at the sanctuary of Poseidon Hippios at Colonus to frame their new constitution.
The site of Colonus is at Agia Eleousa in the modern neighborhood of Kolonos, which is named after the site.

## In literature

* At the beginning of Oedipus at Colonus by the playwright Sophocles, a character named Xenos describes the area to the blind outcast Oedipus. He claims that the area is sacred to the sea-god Poseidon and to Prometheus, the Titan who brought fire to mankind. It is also sacred to a former ruler and charioteer named Colonus, for whom the region was named and who is now venerated as a hero-god. Later, Oedipus prays to the Eumenides to allow him to take refuge there. At the end of the play, Oedipus' death and burial are described, but his gravesite is to be kept secret to avoid desecration.
* The Gospel at Colonus by Lee Breuer is a modern adaptation of Sophocles' play employing gospel music.
# Fet Church (Luster)

Fet Church (Norwegian: Fet kyrkje) is a parish church of the Church of Norway in Luster Municipality in Vestland county, Norway. It is located in the village of Fet in the Indre Hafslo area. It is one of the churches for the Fet og Joranger parish which is part of the Sogn prosti (deanery) in the Diocese of Bjørgvin. The white, wooden church was built in a long church design in 1894 by the master builder John Alver using plans drawn up by an unknown architect. The church seats about 220 people.
From the hill where Fet Church is located, it is not long way away to the neighboring Joranger Church. Historians have often wondered why these two churches were built in the Middle Ages so close together. Jon Laberg, the author of the old local history book for Hafslo discussed the reason that Fet and Joranger each have their own churches, even though these farms lie near to each other. Laberg thinks that the owners of these farms could not reach agreement on a common church, so they each built their own church. Today, these two churches belong to the same parish.

## History

The earliest existing historical records of the church date back to the year 1340, but the church was built before that time. The first church was a wooden long church that was likely built during the 13th century on a plot of land about 100 metres (330 ft) east of the present site of the church. Around 1650, the old stave church was torn down and replaced with a new church on the same site. The new church was a timber-framed long church. In 1894, the old church was torn down and a new church was constructed about 100 metres (330 ft) west to a more stable building site since the foundation of the older church was sinking into the soft soil. The new church building was built by John Alver. The church was consecrated on 12 November 1894 by Bishop Frederick Waldemar Hvoslef. During the 1960s, there were some renovations. Heating work was improved so the church wasn't as cold and drafty, new flooring was installed, and a new roof was installed. About 20 years later in the 1980s, the church was enlarged to make room for a bathroom and sacristy on the northeast side of the building.
# Sebastian Urbaniak

Sebastian Urbaniak (born 9 June 2001) is a Polish hurdler specializing in the 400 metres hurdles. He is a three-time top-3 finisher at the Polish Athletics Championships, and he has represented Poland at the European Athletics Championships.

## Biography

Urbaniak is from Kruszwica, Poland where he competes representing the LKS Vectra Włocławek club.
Urbaniak's first international experience was at the 2021 European U23 Championships in Tallinn. He advanced from the 400 m hurdles first round with a 50.82 heat win, equalling his personal best and qualifying mark from May of that year. In the semifinals, Urbaniak ran 51.03 seconds and did not advance to the finals.
The following year, Urbaniak competed at the senior European Championships in the same event. Despite starting in a good position to advance, Urbaniak tripped and fell on the final hurdle. He ran 50.69 seconds to finish 4th in his heat, one place away from qualifying for the semifinals.

## Statistics
### Best performances

| Event | Mark | Place | Competition | Venue | Date | Ref |
| 400 metres hurdles | 49.68 | | Résisprint International | La Chaux-de-Fonds, Switzerland | 3 July 2022 | |
| 400 metres | 47.19 | (Race C) | Polish U23 Championships | Poznań, Poland | 30 July 2022 | |
# Springfield Model 1847

The Springfield Model 1847 was a percussion lock musketoon produced by the Springfield Armory in the mid-19th century.

## History

Muskets were designed for a dual purpose on the battlefield. They could be used as a ranged weapon, and they could also be used as a pike for short range fighting. Because they were used in a manner similar to a pike, muskets had to be long and heavy, which made them impractical for other uses. Because of this, many muskets were produced in a shorter version, often called a carbine or a musketoon. These shorter weapons were often used by naval forces and cavalry.
The Model 1847 carbine was a shortened version of the Springfield Model 1842 standard infantry musket.
Three basic models were produced at Springfield between 1847 and 1859. The total production of all three models is estimated at 10,000 carbines.
The cavalry model was not highly regarded by those mounted troops to whom they were issued. Inspector General Joseph K. Mansfield conducted a tour of the Western outposts in 1853 and reported that the troops made many derogatory comments about their carbines. Dragoons told him that when the weapon was carried by a mounted trooper, the ball would simply roll out of the weapon's barrel. His report also stated that "There is no probable certainty of hitting the object aimed at, and the recoil is too great to be fired with ease." Mansfield concluded that the gun was essentially "a worthless arm," having "no advocates that I am aware of."
The Model 1847 musketoon's inadequacies were largely responsible for Steptoe's loss at the Battle of Pine Creek (along with other poor equipment selections).

## Design and Features

The Model 1847, like the Model 1842 musket that it was based on, had a .69 caliber barrel, and was fired using a percussion lock system. The barrel was much shorter, only 26 inches in length compared to the Model 1842's 42 inch barrel. The Model 1842 had been produced as a smoothbore musket, but many were later rifled. The Model 1847 carbines were also produced as a smoothbore weapon, and a small number of these also were later rifled.
Smoothbore carbines were not sighted. The carbines that were rifled were also fitted with sights.
Like the Model 1842 musket, the Model 1847 carbine used barrel bands to attach the barrel to the stock. The carbine, being much shorter, only required two barrel bands, instead of the three required for the longer Model 1842 musket.
The Model 1847 carbine featured a small lock and chain or metal bale for attaching the ramrod which was especially useful while reloading on horseback.
The total weight of the carbine was approximately 7.4 lbs, and its overall length was 41 inches.

## Variants

The Model 1847 Musketoon was produced in three variants, called the Artillery, Cavalry, and Sappers (engineers) models.
# Harry Lockhart

Harry Lockhart (born 8 August 1952) is a Bahamian sprinter. He competed in the men's 4 × 100 metres relay at the 1972 Summer Olympics.
# Hubertina D. Hogan

Hubertina Dorothy Clayton Hogan (December 25, 1924 – April 14, 2017) was an American textile chemist, employed for most of her career in the United States Army's Combat Capabilities Development Command laboratories in Natick, Massachusetts.

## Early life and education

Hubertina "Tina" Clayton was from Trenton, New Jersey, the daughter of Joseph Aloysius Clayton and Elsie Papendick Clayton (later Dietrich). Her father was a World War I veteran. She was named for her paternal grandmother, Hubertina Brandt Clayton, who lived with her family. She graduated from Trenton Cathedral High School in Trenton in 1943, and from Seton Hill University in 1947. She pursued further studies in biochemistry at the University of Pennsylvania in Philadelphia, and in textile chemistry at Lowell Technological Institute. Her master's thesis was titled "The relationship between hydrogen ion concentration and a water-oil repellent fluorochemical finish" (1973).

## Career

From 1952 into the 1970s, Hogan was a research chemist at the Army's Clothing, Equipment, and Materials Engineering Laboratory in Natick, Massachusetts. Her research involved textiles and their properties of repelling or absorbing environmental hazards in combat settings. She "developed the analytical method for determining chrome content of feathers and down." She was a member of the American Leather Chemists Association beginning in 1955.

## Publications

Professional publications by Hogan included articles in Textile Research Journal, Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association, and Analytical Chemistry.
* "A Rapid Sole Leather Tannage with Aldehydes" (1958, with Ludwig Seligsberger and C.W. Mann)
* "The Actions of Acrylonitrile and Acrylamide upon Collagen" (1958, with L. Seligsberger)
* "Observations on the Tanning Action of Synthetic Polyphenols" (1963, with L. Seligsberger)
* "Determination of bis (2-chloroethyl) sulfide in a Dawson apparatus by gas chromatography" (1972, with R. L. Erickson, R. N. MacNair and R. H. Brown)
* Feasibility Study to Determine the Fluorine Content in Quarpel-treated Fabrics by Analysis with a 14 MeV Neutron Activation Source (1972, with Forest C. Burns and Gil M. Dias)
* "Sorptive Textile Systems Containing Activated Carbon Fibers" (1974, with Gilbert N. Arons, Richard N. MacNair, and Laurance G. Coffin)

## Personal life

Clayton married John Daniel Hogan in 1967, in Massachusetts; her husband died in 1973. She lived with her mother in Jobstown, New Jersey in the 1980s. She died in Cumming, Georgia, in 2017, aged 92 years.
# Old Roan Chase

The Old Roan Chase is a Grade 2 National Hunt steeplechase in Great Britain which is open to horses aged four years or older. It is run on the Mildmay Course at Aintree over a distance of about 2 miles and 4 furlongs (2 miles 3 furlongs and 200 yards, or 4,023 metres), and during its running there are sixteen fences to be jumped. It is a limited handicap race, and it is scheduled to take place each year in late October.
The event was established in 2004, and it was initially called the Wigan Chase. It includes the name of Monet's Garden, a three-time winner of the race, in its title.

## Records

Most successful horse (3 wins):
* Monet's Garden – 2007, 2009, 2010
Leading trainer (3 wins):
* Nicky Richards – Monet's Garden (2007, 2009, 2010)
* Paul Nicholls - Kauto Star (2006), Sound Investment (2015), Frodon (2018)
Leading jockey (3 wins):
* Brian Hughes - Forest Bihan (2019), Riders Onthe Storm (2022), Minella Drama (2024)

## Winners

* Weights given in stones and pounds.
| Year | Winner | Age | Weight | Jockey | Trainer |
| 2004 | Farmer Jack | 8 | 11-01 | Paul Flynn | Philip Hobbs |
| 2005 | Impek | 9 | 10-07 | Timmy Murphy | Henrietta Knight |
| 2006 | Kauto Star | 6 | 11-10 | Ruby Walsh | Paul Nicholls |
| 2007 | Monet's Garden | 9 | 10-10 | Tony Dobbin | Nicky Richards |
| 2008 | Knowhere | 10 | 10-05 | Paddy Brennan | Nigel Twiston-Davies |
| 2009 | Monet's Garden | 11 | 11-10 | Barry Geraghty | Nicky Richards |
| 2010 | Monet's Garden | 12 | 11-07 | Dougie Costello | Nicky Richards |
| 2011 | Albertas Run | 10 | 11-00 | Tony McCoy | Jonjo O'Neill |
| 2012 | For Non Stop | 7 | 10-11 | Noel Fehily | Nick Williams |
| 2013 | Conquisto | 8 | 11-00 | Tony McCoy | Steve Gollings |
| 2014 | Wishfull Thinking | 11 | 11-08 | Richard Johnson | Philip Hobbs |
| 2015 | Sound Investment | 7 | 11-03 | Nick Scholfield | Paul Nicholls |
| 2016 | Third Intention | 9 | 10-07 | Aidan Coleman | Colin Tizzard |
| 2017 | Smad Place | 10 | 11-03 | Wayne Hutchinson | Alan King |
| 2018 | Frodon | 6 | 11-07 | Bryony Frost | Paul Nicholls |
| 2019 | Forest Bihan | 8 | 10-04 | Brian Hughes | Brian Ellison |
| 2020 | Nuts Well | 9 | 11-07 | Danny McMenamin | Ann Hamilton |
| 2021 | Allmankind | 5 | 11-10 | Harry Skelton | Dan Skelton |
| 2022 | Riders Onthe Storm | 9 | 10-06 | Brian Hughes | Richard Hobson |
| 2023 | Jetoile | 8 | 11-00 | Daryl Jacob | Ryan Potter |
| 2024 | Minella Drama | 9 | 10-06 | Brian Hughes | Donald McCain |
# Apriltsi

Apriltsi (Bulgarian: Априлци) is a small town in Lovech Province, Central-North Bulgaria, located in the vicinity of the highest part of Stara Planina mountain. It is the administrative centre of the homonymous Apriltsi Municipality. As of December 2009, the town had a population of 3,318.
Due to its favourable location in a valley at the foot of Botev Peak in the Balkan Mountains, Apriltsi is a newly developing tourist resort in the region. Besides Botev, notable peaks in the area are Triglav and Maragidik.
The town was founded by the merging of four large mountain villages: Novo Selo, Zla Reka, Vidima, and Ostrets, which are today the town's neighbourhoods. Due to this, it has a rather rural appearance with some 19th-century Bulgarian houses preserved.
# Tadeusz Bogusz

Tadeusz Bogusz competed for Poland in the men's standing volleyball events at the 1992 Summer Paralympics (silver medal) and the 1996 Summer Paralympics (bronze medal).
# Rafał Cieśla

Rafał Cieśla (born 16 March 1967) is a retired Polish athlete specialising in the sprint hurdles. He represented his country at two World Indoor Championships and two European Indoor Championships.
His personal bests are 13.66 seconds in the 110 metres hurdles (+1.6 m/s, Warsaw 1992) and 7.63 seconds in the 60 metres hurdles (Spała 1992).

## International competitions

| Year | Competition | Venue | Position | Event | Notes |
| Representing Poland ||||||
| 1989 | European Indoor Championships | The Hague, Netherlands | 10th (sf) | 60 m hurdles | 7.79 |
| 1989 | World Indoor Championships | Budapest, Hungary | 13th (h) | 60 m hurdles | 7.84 |
| 1991 | World Indoor Championships | Seville, Spain | 19th (h) | 60 m hurdles | 7.84 |
| 1992 | European Indoor Championships | Genoa, Italy | 7th | 60 m hurdles | 7.83 |
# Mateusz Demczyszak

Mateusz Demczyszak (born 18 January 1986) is a Polish middle-distance runner.

## Competition record

| Year | Competition | Venue | Position | Event | Notes |
| Representing Poland ||||||
| 2005 | European Junior Championships | Kaunas, Lithuania | 5th | 3000 m s'chase | 8:57.24 |
| 2007 | European U23 Championships | Debrecen, Hungary | 9th | 3000 m s'chase | 8:55.30 |
| 2010 | European Championships | Barcelona, Spain | 8th | 1500 m | 3:44.42 |
| 2011 | European Indoor Championships | Paris, France | 12th (h) | 1500 m | 3:47.67 |
| 2012 | European Championships | Helsinki, Finland | 10th (h) | 1500 m | 3:43.97 |
| 2013 | European Indoor Championships | Gothenburg, Sweden | 13th (h) | 3000 m | 7:59.41 |
| 2013 | World Championships | Moscow, Russia | 29th (h) | 3000 m s'chase | 8:34.60 |
| 2014 | IAAF World Relays | Nassau, Bahamas | 6th | 4 × 1500 m | 15:05.70 |
| 2014 | European Championships | Zürich, Switzerland | 10th | 3000 m s'chase | 8:34.32 |
| 2015 | European Indoor Championships | Prague, Czech Republic | 22nd (h) | 3000 m | 8:09.30 |
| 2015 | IAAF World Relays | Nassau, Bahamas | 4th | Distance medley relay | 9:24.07 |
# Anastasiopolis

Anastasiopolis or Anastasioupolis (Ancient Greek: Αναστασιούπολις, "city of Anastasios"), is the name given several ancient cities founded or rebuilt by Roman emperors named Anastasius:

## In modern Turkey

* Dara (Mesopotamia) in the Roman province of Mesopotamia, in modern Mardin Province, Turkey
* Anastasiopolis in Galatia, modern Beypazarı, Asian Turkey
* Anastasiopolis (Phrygia), a city in Phrygia, near Laodicea on the Lycus
* Telmessos, modern Fethiye, Turkey

## Elsewhere

* Anastasioupolis-Peritheorion, a former town near Amaxades, Thrace, Greece
* Resafa, Syria, also known as Sergiopolis
# Bannerton Solar Park

The Bannerton Solar Park is a solar power station in Bannerton south-east of Robinvale in the Sunraysia district of Victoria. It generates up to 88MW of electricity to the National Electricity Market (NEM).
Bannerton Solar Park was the second solar farm to be funded by the Clean Energy Finance Corporation (after the Gannawarra Solar Farm). It was also funded by Hanwha Energy Australia, parent company of Nectr. It uses 320,000 solar panels to generate 110MW$_{DC}$/88MW$_{AC}$ of electricity. It has offtake agreements with Alinta Energy and Yarra Trams.
UGL designed and built the solar farm, including single axis tracking system, substation and connection to the Powercor Australia grid. It is built on land unsuitable for Almond orchards.
Bannerton is near the edge of the Victorian electricity grid. The solar farm exports electricity at 66kV into the distribution network to support the local grid in responding to the load imposed from irrigation in summer.
# Churicheni Island

Churicheni Island (Bulgarian: остров Чуричени, romanized: ostrov Churicheni, IPA:) is the ice-free island in the Onogur group off the northwest coast of Robert Island in the South Shetland Islands, Antarctica extending 230 m by 140 m. It is separated from Robert Island by a 100 m wide passage.
The feature is named after the settlement of Churicheni in Southwestern Bulgaria.

## Location

Churicheni Island is located at 62°21′02.5″S 59°40′33″W﻿ / ﻿62.350694°S 59.67583°W﻿ / -62.350694; -59.67583, which is 1.78 km north-northeast of Misnomer Point and 190 m west of Shipot Point. British mapping in 1968 and Bulgarian mapping in 2009.

## Maps

* Livingston Island to King George Island. Scale 1:200000. Admiralty Nautical Chart 1776. Taunton: UK Hydrographic Office, 1968.
* L.L. Ivanov. Antarctica: Livingston Island and Greenwich, Robert, Snow and Smith Islands. Scale 1:120000 topographic map. Troyan: Manfred Wörner Foundation, 2009. ISBN 978-954-92032-6-4 (Second edition 2010, ISBN 978-954-92032-9-5)
* Antarctic Digital Database (ADD). Scale 1:250000 topographic map of Antarctica. Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research (SCAR). Since 1993, regularly upgraded and updated.
# Witold Gadomski

Witold Rajmund Gadomski (born 21 November 1967) is a Polish fencer. He competed in the individual and team épée events at the 1988 and 1992 Summer Olympics.
# Dalisandus

Dalisandus or Dalisandos (Ancient Greek: Δαλίσανδος/Δαλισανδός) may refer to two Ancient cities and bishoprics in Asia Minor (Asian Turkey), now both Latin Catholic titular sees :
* Dalisandus in Isauria
* Dalisandus in Pamphylia
# Krinichnoye

Krinichnoye (Russian: Криничное) is a rural locality (a khutor) in Volokonovsky District, Belgorod Oblast, Russia. The population was 42 as of 2010. There is 1 street.

## Geography

Krinichnoye is located 9 km southwest of Volokonovka (the district's administrative centre) by road.
# Kozlinovsky

Kozlinovsky (Russian: Козлиновский) is a rural locality (a khutor) in Staroanninskoye Rural Settlement, Novoanninsky District, Volgograd Oblast, Russia. The population was 248 as of 2010. There are 3 streets.

## Geography

Kozlinovsky is located on the Bolshiye Yaryzhki Lake, 16 km southwest of Novoanninsky (the district's administrative centre) by road. Staroanninskaya is the nearest rural locality.
# Rafal Korc

Rafal Korc (born 9 March 1982) is a Paralympic athlete from Poland who competes in T20 classification middle-distance running events. Korc represented Poland at the 2012 Summer Paralympics in London, where he won bronze in the 1500 m race. He has been selected for three IPC Athletics World Championships, but he has been unable to replicate his Paralympic Games success, with his best finish being 5th at the 2013 Games in Lyon.