# Textual variants in the Book of Deuteronomy

Textual variants in the Book of Deuteronomy concerns textual variants in the Hebrew Bible found in the Book of Deuteronomy.

## Legend

Frequently used sigla (symbols and abbreviations) of Hebrew Bible manuscripts and editions include:
    א: Codex Sinaiticus
    A: Codex Alexandrinus
    B: Codex Vaticanus (Roman Septuagint)
    C: Codex Ephraemi Rescriptus
    ABP: Apostolic Bible Polyglot
    AC: Aleppo Codex
    BHS: Biblia Hebraica Stuttgartensia
    Brenton: Brenton's Septuagint Translation 1879
    LC: Leningrad Codex
    LXX: Septuagint (list)
    LXX$^{Rahlfs}$: Rahlfs' Septuagint 1935
    LXX$^{Swete}$: Swete's Septuagint 1930
    K: ketiv
    Kennicott$^x$: Kennicott's Vetus Test. Hebraicum
    MAM: Miqra according to the Masorah
    m.: Mishna
    MT or 𝕸: Masoretic Text
    MT$^{Ginsburg}$: C.D. Ginsburg's Masoretic Text
    OL or : Old Latin / Vetus Latina (list)
    Q: qere
    xQx: Dead Sea Scrolls (list)
    S: Peshitta
    SP: Samaritan Pentateuch
    Tg: Targum
    Tg$^{Be}$: Targum Berlin Orientalis 1213
    Tg$^J$: Targum Jonathan
    Tg$^O$: Targum Onqelos
    Tg$^N$: Targum Neofiti
    Tg$^{PJ}$: Targum Pseudo-Jonathan
    Vg: Vulgate (list)
    Vg$^{Clement}$: Clementine Vulgate 1592
    Vg$^{Colunga&Turrado}$: A. Colunga & L. Turrado's Vulgata 1946
    Vg$^{neo}$: Nova Vulgata 1979
    WLC: Westminster Leningrad Codex

## List

This list provides examples of known textual variants, and contains the following parameters: Hebrew texts written right to left, the Hebrew text romanised left to right, an approximate English translation, and which Hebrew manuscripts or critical editions of the Hebrew Bible this textual variant can be found in. Greek (Septuagint) and Latin (Vulgate) texts are written left to right, and not romanised. Sometimes additional translation or interpretation notes are added, with references to similar verses elsewhere, or in-depth articles on the topic in question.

### Deuteronomy 5

Deuteronomy 5:6, see also I am the Lord thy God
    אָֽנֹכִי֙ יְהוָ֣ה אֱלֹהֶ֔יךָ‎, ’ā-nō-ḵî Yah-weh ’ĕ-lō-he-ḵā,, 'I Yahweh your god' – WLC
    Ἐγώ Κύριος ὁ θεός σου, 'I Lord the god of yours' – LXX$^{Swete}$ – LXX$^{Rahlfs}$
    εγώ ειμι κύριος ο θεός σου, 'I am Lord the god of yours' – Brenton ABP
    Ego Dominus Deus tuus, 'I Lord your God' – Vg$^{Colunga&Turrado}$
       Compare Exodus 20:2.
Deuteronomy 5:7, see also Thou shalt have no other gods before me
    לֹ֣א יִהְיֶ֥ה־לְךָ֛֩ אֱלֹהִ֥֨ים אֲחֵרִ֖֜ים עַל־פָּנָֽ֗יַ׃‎, lō yih-yeh- lə-ḵā ’ĕ-lō-hîm ’ă-ḥê-rîm ‘al- pā-nā-ya., 'You shall not have other/further gods over/against/above/beside me' – WLC SP
    לוא יִהְיֶ֥ה לְךָ֛֩ אלוהים אֲחֵרִ֖֜ים עַל־פָּנָֽ֗יַ‎, l-v-a yih-yeh- lə-ḵā l-v-h-m ’ă-ḥê-rîm ‘al- pā-nā-ya, 'You shall not have other/further gods over/against/above/beside me' – 4QDeut$^n$ (4QDeut$^j$)
    Οὐκ ἔσονταί σοι θεοὶ ἕτεροι πρὸ προσώπου μου., 'There shall not be other gods to you before my face.' – LXX$^{Swete}$ LXX$^{Rahlfs}$ Brenton ABP
    Non habebis deos alienos in conspectu meo., '[You] shall have no alien/foreign/strange gods in my sight/presence/proximity.' – Vg$^{Colunga&Turrado}$
       Compare Exodus 20:3.
Deuteronomy 5:11, see also Thou shalt not take the name of the Lord thy God in vain
    λήψη, 'shall take' – ABP Brenton (classical Greek spelling)
    λήμψῃ, 'shall take' – LXX$^{Swete}$ LXX$^{Rahlfs}$ (Koine Greek spelling)
       Compare Exodus 20:7.
Deuteronomy 5:11, see also Thou shalt not take the name of the Lord thy God in vain
    לֹ֤א יְנַקֶּה֙ יְהוָ֔ה‎, lō yə-naq-qeh Yah-weh, 'Yahweh will not acquit / leave unpunished / hold guiltless' – WLC
    μὴ καθαρίσῃ Κύριος, '[the] Lord shall not cleanse' – LXX$^{Swete}$ LXX$^{Rahlfs}$. κᾰθᾰρός ("clean, pure") is the origin of the terms catharsis and Catharism.
    μὴ καθαρίσῃ Κύριος ὁ Θεός σου, '[the] Lord your God shall not cleanse' – Brenton
    μὴ καθαρίσει Κύριος ο θεός σου, '[the] Lord your god shall not cleanse' – ABP
    non erit impunitus, '[he] will not be unpunished' – Vg$^{Colunga&Turrado}$. impunitus is the root of the term impunity.
       Compare Exodus 20:7.
Deuteronomy 5:14, see also Remember the sabbath day, to keep it holy
    וְגֵרְךָ֖֙ אֲשֶׁ֥֣ר בִּשְׁעָרֶֽ֔יךָ ׃‎, wə-ḡê-rə-ḵā ’ă-šer biš-‘ā-re-ḵā,, 'your stranger/sojourner who [is] within your gates' – WLC
    καὶ (ὁ) προσήλυτος ὁ παροικῶν ἐν σοί., 'and the proselyte/convert the [one] sojourning among you.' – LXX$^{Swete}$ LXX$^{Rahlfs}$ Brenton (no 'ὁ') ABP
    et peregrinus qui est intra portas tuas., 'and [the] traveller who is within your gates.' – Vg$^{Colunga&Turrado}$
       Compare Exodus 20:10.
Deuteronomy 5:15, see also Remember the sabbath day, to keep it holy
    בְּאֶ֣רֶץ מִצְרַ֔֗יִם‎, bə-’e-reṣ miṣ-ra-yim,, 'in the land of Egypt,' – WLC
    ἐν γῇ Αἰγύπτῳ,, 'in [the] land of Egypt,' – LXX$^{Swete}$ LXX$^{Rahlfs}$ Brenton ABP
    in Ægypto,, 'in Egypt,' – Vg$^{Colunga&Turrado}$
       Compare Exodus 20:11 (an entirely different sentence in all witnesses, which supports Sabbath observance by reference to the Genesis creation narrative rather than the Exodus).
Deuteronomy 5:15, see also Remember the sabbath day, to keep it holy
    καὶ ἁγιάζειν αὐτήν., 'and to sanctify it.' – LXX$^{Swete}$ LXX$^{Rahlfs}$ Brenton ABP
    omitted – WLC Vg$^{Colunga&Turrado}$
       Compare Exodus 20:11: וַֽיְקַדְּשֵֽׁהוּ׃‎, way-qad-də-šê-hū. s, 'and (he) consecrated it.' καὶ ηγίασε αὐτήν., 'and [he] sanctified it.' et sanctificavit eum., 'and [he] sanctified it.'.
Deuteronomy 5:16, see also Honour thy father and thy mother
    לְמַ֣עַן ׀ יַאֲרִיכֻ֣ן יָמֶ֗יךָ‎, lə-ma-‘an ya-’ă-rî-ḵun yā-me-ḵā, 'that your days/times may be long [plural]' – WLC
    μακροχρόνιοι ἦτε, 'long times may [you] be [plural]' – LXX$^{Swete}$
    μακροχρόνιος γένη, '[a] long time may [you] happen [singular]' – LXX$^{Rahlfs}$ Brenton ABP
    longo vivas tempore, '(during a) long time may [you] live [singular]' – Vg$^{Colunga&Turrado}$
       Compare Exodus 20:12.
Deuteronomy 5:16, see also Honour thy father and thy mother
    וּלְמַ֙עַן֙ יִ֣יטַב לָ֔ךְ‎, ū-lə-ma-‘an yî-ṭaḇ lāḵ, 'that it may be [singular] well with you' – WLC
    ίνα ευ σοι γένηται, 'in order that good [things] should happen [plural] to you' – LXX$^{Swete}$ LXX$^{Rahlfs}$ Brenton ABP (mentioned before καὶ ἵνα μακροχρόνιοι ἦτε / καὶ ἵνα μακροχρόνιοι ἦτε)
    et bene sit tibi, 'and [it] may be [singular] well with/for you' – Vg$^{Colunga&Turrado}$
       Compare Exodus 20:12 (where this phrase is omitted in Hebrew and Latin witnesses, but identical in Greek witnesses).
Deuteronomy 5:17–19, see also Thou shalt not kill, Thou shalt not commit adultery and Thou shalt not steal
    לֹ֥֖א תִּֿרְצָֽח׃ ס וְלֹ֖֣א תִּֿנְאָֽ֑ף׃ סוְלֹ֖֣א תִּֿגְנֹֽ֔ב׃ ס‎, lō trə-ṣāḥ. s wə-lō tnə-’āp̄. s wə-lō tḡə-nōḇ. s, '[You] shall not murder. And [you] shall not commit adultery. And [you] shall not steal.' – WLC
    Οὐ μοιχεύσεις. Οὐ φονεύσεις. Οὐ κλέψεις., '[You] shall not commit adultery. [You] shall not murder. [You] shall not steal.' – LXX$^{Swete}$ LXX$^{Rahlfs}$
    Οὐ φονεύσεις. Οὐ μοιχεύσεις. Οὐ κλέψεις., '[You] shall not murder. [You] shall not commit adultery. [You] shall not steal.' – Brenton ABP
    Non occides, neque moechaberis, furtumque non facies:, '[You] shall not kill/slay, nor shall [you] commit adultery, and theft [you] shall not commit:' – Vg$^{Colunga&Turrado}$
       Compare Exodus 20:13–15.
Deuteronomy 5:21, see also Thou shalt not covet
    ούτε παντός κτήνους αυτού, 'nor any of his cattle/beasts [of burden]' – LXX$^{Swete}$ LXX$^{Rahlfs}$ Brenton ABP
    omitted – WLC Vg$^{Colunga&Turrado}$
       Compare Exodus 20:17.
Deuteronomy 5:21, see also Thou shalt not covet
    כֹ֖ל‎, ḵōl, 'all/everything/anything' – WLC
    πάντα, 'all or any/every [thing]' – Brenton ABP
    universa, 'all [things] (combined) or [the] whole [of things]' – Vg$^{Colunga&Turrado}$
    omitted – LXX$^{Swete}$ LXX$^{Rahlfs}$
       Compare Exodus 20:17.

### Deuteronomy 22

Deuteronomy 22:25
    הַנַּעַר‎, han-na-‘ar, 'a boy or a young man' – K
    הַֽנַּעֲרָה֙‎, han-na-‘ar-rāh, 'a girl/damsel or a young woman' – Q SP
    την παίδα, 'a child/boy/girl' – LXX$^{Swete}$ ABP Brenton
Deuteronomy 22:25
    וּמֵ֗ת הָאִ֛ישׁ‎, ū-mêṯ hā-’îš, 'then the man shall die' – MT
    αποκτενείτε τον άνθρωπον, 'you shall kill the man' – ABP
    ἀποκτενεῖτε, 'you shall kill' – LXX$^{Swete}$ Brenton
Deuteronomy 22:26
    ־[ולנער] (וְלַֽנַּעֲרָה֙‪‬) לֹא־תַעֲשֶׂ֣ה דָבָ֔ר‎, [wə·lan·na·‘ar] (wə·lan·na·‘ă·rāh) lō- ṯa-‘ă-śeh ḏā-ḇār,, '(But [to] the young woman) you shall not do anything;' – WLC
    τη δε νεάνιδι ου ποιήσετε ουδέν, 'but to the young woman you shall not do anything,' – ABP
    omitted – LXX$^{Swete}$ Brenton
Deuteronomy 22:26
    אֵ֥ין [לַנַּעַר כ] (לַֽנַּעֲרָ֖ה ק) חֵ֣טְא מָ֑וֶת כִּ֡י כַּאֲשֶׁר֩ כִּ֡י‎, ’ên [lan·na·‘ar] (lan·na·‘ă·rāh) ḥêṭ mā·weṯ; kî, '[there is] not [to] (the young woman) a sin [worthy] of death. For' – WLC
    ουκ έστι τη νεάνιδι αμάρτημα θανάτου. ότι ως, 'there is not to the young woman a sin [worthy] of death. For as' – ABP
    καὶ τῇ νεάνιδι οὐκ ἔστιν ἁμάρτημα θανάτου. ὡς, 'and to the young woman there is no sin [worthy] of death. As' – LXX$^{Swete}$ Brenton
Deuteronomy 22:28, see also Rape in the Hebrew Bible § Deuteronomy 22:28–29
    כִּֽי־יִמְצָ֣א אִ֗ישׁ‎, kî- yim-ṣā ’îš,, 'If a man finds' – WLC
    Ἐὰν δέ τις εὕρῃ, 'And if anyone finds' – LXX$^{Swete}$ ABP Brenton
Deuteronomy 22:28, see also Rape in the Hebrew Bible § Deuteronomy 22:28–29
    וּתְפָשָׂ֖הּ‎, ū-ṯə-p̄ā-śāh, 'and he seizes her' – WLC
    και βιασάμενος αυτήν, 'and using force on her' – ABP
    καὶ βιασάμενος, 'and using force or and [if] he should force [her]' – LXX$^{Swete}$ Brenton
Deuteronomy 22:28, see also Rape in the Hebrew Bible § Deuteronomy 22:28–29
    וְנִמְצָֽאוּ׃‎, wə-nim-ṣā-’ū., 'and [they] are found,' – WLC
    καὶ εὑρεθῇ·, 'and [he] should be found' – LXX$^{Swete}$ ABP Brenton
Deuteronomy 22:29, see also Rape in the Hebrew Bible § Deuteronomy 22:28–29
    חֲמִשִּׁ֣ים כָּ֑סֶף‎, ḥă-miš-šîm kā-sep̄;, 'fifty of silver' – WLC
    πεντήκοντα δίδραχμα αργυρίου, 'fifty double-drachmas of silver or fifty silver didrachms' – LXX$^{Swete}$ ABP Brenton
Deuteronomy 22:29, see also Rape in the Hebrew Bible § Deuteronomy 22:28–29
    לֹא־יוּכַ֥ל‎, lō- yū-ḵal, 'he shall not be permitted' – WLC
    οὐ δυνήσεται, 'he will not be able' – LXX$^{Swete}$ ABP Brenton
Deuteronomy 22:29, see also Rape in the Hebrew Bible § Deuteronomy 22:28–29
    כָּל־יָמָֽיו׃ ס‎, kāl- yā-māw. s, 'all his days' – WLC
    τὸν ἅπαντα χρόνον, 'at any time' – LXX$^{Swete}$ ABP Brenton
Deuteronomy 22:30
    λήψεται, 'shall take' – ABP Brenton (classical Greek spelling)
    λήμψεται, 'shall take' – LXX$^{Swete}$ (Koine Greek spelling)
       Compare Songs 2:6.
Deuteronomy 22:30
    συγκάλυμμα, 'skirt or marriage veil' – ABP Brenton
    συνκάλυμμα, 'skirt' – LXX$^{Swete}$

### Deuteronomy 28

Deuteronomy 28:30, see also Rape in the Hebrew Bible § Deuteronomy 28
    יִשְׁכָּבֶ֔נָּה‎, yiš-kā-ḇen-nāh,, 'will rape her' – Q
    יִשְׁגָּלֶנָּה‎ – K
    ישכב‎ – SP
    ἕξει αὐτήν·, 'shall have/hold her' – LXX$^{Swete}$ ABP Brenton
Deuteronomy 28:30, see also Rape in the Hebrew Bible § Deuteronomy 28
    עמה‎, ‘am-māh, 'people' – SP
    omitted – MT