# Kasturba Medical College

Kasturba Medical College, Manipal and Kasturba Medical College, Mangaluru, together known as KMC, are two private medical colleges in the state of Karnataka, India, established in 1953 and 1955. The colleges are constituent units of Manipal Academy of Higher Education, an Institution of Eminence and deemed university.

## History
### Early years

The colleges were established as a single institution in 1953 by T M A Pai with the pre-clinical section at Manipal and the clinical section in Mangalore at Wenlock District Hospital. Manipal and Mangalore were then a part of the erstwhile Madras state. The government of Madras granted land to establish a college and permitted the use of government hospitals for training medical students. The first batch of students arrived in Mangalore in 1955 for their clinical training. In 1956, the colleges became part of the expanded Mysore state which was then renamed as Karnataka.

### Separation

The clinical program commenced at Manipal in 1969 with the setting up of Kasturba Hospital. The colleges were later separated with the establishment of a pre-clinical section in Mangalore. Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore is attached to three government hospitals and was the first medical institution in India to be established as a public-private partnership.

### Affiliation with public universities

From their establishment in 1953, until 1993, the colleges were affiliated with public universities in Karnataka. The colleges were affiliated to Karnatak University from their establishment until 1964. They were affiliated to Mysore University from 1965 to 1980 and to Mangalore University from 1981 to 1992.

### Deemed University

In 1993, KMC Manipal and KMC Mangalore, along with colleges of dental surgery in Manipal and Mangalore were given deemed university status to form the Manipal Academy of Higher Education. In 2017, KMC Mangalore agreed to build a super specialty hospital at District Wenlock Hospital and extended its public private partnership with the government of Karnataka for another 33 years, i.e., until 2050.

## Campuses
### Manipal

KMC Manipal is located in the university town of Manipal, a suburb in Udupi, Karnataka. It is situated within the campus of Manipal Academy of Higher Education. The campus at Manipal has a large Health Sciences Library and a Museum of Anatomy and Pathology.

### Mangaluru

KMC Mangaluru is located in Mangaluru. The campus at Mangaluru is split into the Centre for Basic Sciences at Bejai and the main campus at Light House Hill Road. The campus includes six teaching hospitals, the T M A Pai Convention Centre and a large indoor sports complex.

### Connectivity

The colleges are 60 km (37 mi) apart.

## Academics
### Courses

Bachelor of Medicine and Bachelor of Surgery (MBBS) is the basic undergraduate medical degree awarded by the Manipal Academy of Higher Education at both the colleges after nine semesters of coursework and one year of internship. Postgraduate Doctor of Medicine (MD) and Master of Surgery (MS) are awarded after three years of residential training. Integrated MD–PhD and PhD Programs to train physician-scientists to take up a research career. Postdoctoral Doctorate of Medicine (DM) and Master of Chirurgiae (MCh) degrees are awarded after three years of postdoctoral super specialty training as a senior resident.
| Degree | Specialties |
| Doctor of Medicine (MD) | Anatomy, Anesthesiology, Biochemistry, Dermatology, Emergency Medicine, Forensic Medicine, General Medicine, Hospital Administration, Immunohematology, Microbiology, Pathology, Palliative Care, Pediatrics, Pharmacology, Physiology, Psychiatry,Respiratory Medicine, Radiodiagnosis and Radiotherapy |
| Master of Surgery (MS) | General Surgery, Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ophthalmology, Orthopedics and Otorhinolaryngology |
| Doctorate of Medicine (DM) | Cardiology, Gastroenterology, Infectious diseases, Oncology, Nephrology and Neurology |
| Master of Chirurgiae (MCh) | Cardiothoracic surgery, Pediatric surgery, Plastic surgery, Neurosurgery and Urology |
| Fellowships | Interventional radiology, Neuromodulation, Advanced obstetric ultrasound, Diabetes, Fetal Medicine, Geriatric Medicine, Microsurgery, Gynecologic oncology, Head and neck oncology, Neonatology, Neuro-anesthesia, Pediatric anesthesia, Onco-surgery, Onco-pathology and Reproductive medicine |

### Rankings

* KMC Manipal and KMC Mangalore were ranked 9th and 33rd respectively among the medical colleges of India in the NIRF 2024 Rankings.
* Manipal Academy of Higher Education was ranked 4th among universities in India in the NIRF 2024 Rankings.
* Manipal Academy of Higher Education was ranked in the 351-400 rank bracket in Medicine in the QS World University Rankings 2021, the third in India after AIIMS, New Delhi and PGIMER, Chandigarh.

### Admission

KMC Manipal and KMC Mangalore admit 250 students each for the undergraduate MBBS course. Admission is based on the 'All India Rank' obtained in NEET (UG) conducted by NTA. 20% of the MBBS seats in KMC Mangalore are retained for candidates from Karnataka as part of the public private partnership. Admissions to postgraduate and super specialty courses are based on the rank obtained in NEET (PG) and NEET (SS) respectively. Admissions to nursing, physiotherapy, psychology and other allied health courses are based on the score obtained in the Manipal Entrance Test.

### Examinations

The examinations at KMC Manipal and KMC Mangalore are conducted by the Manipal Academy of Higher Education according to guidelines laid down by the National Medical Commission. All exams are paperless and are written on a biometric secured tablet using a stylus.

## Teaching hospitals
### KMC Manipal

* Kasturba Hospital, Manipal
* Dr. TMA Pai Hospital, Udupi

### KMC Mangalore

Unlike most medical colleges in India, KMC Mangalore is attached to both government and private hospitals.
* Wenlock District Hospital
* Lady Goschen Hospital
* KMC Hospital, Attavar
* KMC Hospital, Ambedkar Circle
* Regional Advanced Pediatric Care Centre
* Dr. TMA Pai Rotary Hospital, Karkala

## Manipal Hospitals

Manipal Hospitals is a chain of multi-specialty hospitals in India. The hospitals trace their origins to the Kasturba Medical College. It is the second largest healthcare provider in India. Its network spread across 28 locations in India. The first hospital of the chain was established in 1991 in Bengaluru. In 1997, the second hospital of the chain was established as KMC Hospital (Ambedkar Circle), a 251-bed tertiary care hospital and also a teaching hospital of the Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore.
Manipal Hospitals uses IBM Watson for Oncology since 2016. Watson is the first commercially available cognitive computing cloud platform that analyzes high volumes of data understands complex queries and proposes evidence based answers for them. Manipal Hospitals have become the first in the country and the second in the world to implement IBM Watson for diagnosis and treatment of cancer.
In April 2019 Manipal Hospitals was looking forward to acquire Medanta Hospitals. The deal however fell through since the two parties could not agree on the share price.
In 2021, Manipal Hospitals acquired Columbia Asia's India hospital chain for Rs 2,100 crore.

## Notable people

List of notable people associated with Kasturba Medical College including alumni and faculty :
| Name | Notability |
| Raghu Ram Pillarisetti | Breast Cancer Surgeon. Recipient of Dr. B. C. Roy Award, Padma Shri, Officer of the Most Excellent Order of the British Empire |
| Devi Shetty | Cardiac Surgeon and founder of Narayana Health. |
| Ramdas Pai | Doctor and Chancellor of Manipal Academy of Higher Education. |
| Kamala Selvaraj | Obstetrician and Gynecologist who pioneered the first IVF in South India. |
| C N Ashwatnarayan | Deputy chief minister of Karnataka. |
| B M Hegde | Cardiologist and recipient of Padma Vibhushan and Padma Bhushan. |
| Sheikh Muszaphar Shukor | Astronaut and orthopedic surgeon. |
| Annapoorna Kini | Cardiologist and assistant director at Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York. |
| H S Ballal | Radiologist and Pro Chancellor of Manipal Academy of Higher Education. |
| H Sudarshan Ballal | Nephrologist and chairman of Manipal Hospitals. |