OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Rumichaca Bridge

The Rumichaca Bridge (Quechua rumi stone, chaka bridge, "stone bridge") is the principal highway passage between Colombia and Ecuador. The bridge is located 3 kilometres (1.9 mi) from the city of Ipiales, Colombia and 7 kilometres (4.3 mi) from the city of Tulcán, Ecuador. The bridge is located in the Andes at an elevation of 2,763 metres (9,065 ft). The Pan-American Highway crosses the bridge.

## The stone bridge

Rumichaca received its name because here a natural stone bridge crosses the Carchi River (called the Guáitara River in Colombia). The stone bridge is often called the "Inca Bridge." The Carchi River was called the Angasmayo by the Incas and early Spanish colonists. The bridge, according to Spanish chroniclers, was the northernmost outpost of the Inca Empire, wrested from the Pasto people in the early 16th century. Atop this natural bridge are the old Colombian and Ecuadorian customs houses. Prior to the completion of the modern bridge in 1973, the stone bridge was used as a border crossing for goods and people.

## The modern bridge

The modern bridge, with a span of 200 metres (660 ft), is 80 metres (260 ft) upstream from the stone bridge, The bridge is the most important artery for commerce and the transport of goods between Colombia and Ecuador. In 2013, 57.9 percent (about US$ one billion) of Colombia's exports to Ecuador crossed the border on the Rumichaca Bridge. In the same year, 77 percent (about US$ 650 million) of Ecuador's exports to Colombia crossed the Rumichaca bridge.

## Venezuelan refugees and migrants

From May 2017 until July 2019 nearly 1.7 million Venezuelans entered Ecuador, most of them across the Rumichaca Bridge. The Venezuelan refugees and migrants were fleeing hunger and hyperinflation occurring in their country. Four hundred thousand remained in Ecuador and the others continued on to Peru, Chile, and Argentina.
# Gazeta Basarabiei (1923)

Gazeta Basarabiei (English: Bessarabia Gazette) was a newspaper from Chișinău, Bessarabia, founded in 1923.

## Overview

Between 24 October and 17 November 1923, Gazeta Basarabiei was a weekly of the Romanian National Party, edited by Ion Pelivan and Constantin Mâțu. A publication of the same name, Gazeta Basarabiei, was founded in 1935.
# Tom Christie (rugby union)

Tom Christie (born 4 March 1998 in New Zealand) is a New Zealand rugby union player who plays for the Crusaders in Super Rugby. His playing position is flanker. He has signed for the Crusaders squad in 2020.
Christie played for the New Zealand U20's rugby union team, winning the world cup in 2017 and captaining the side in 2018.
# Henry Cooper (Northern Districts cricketer)

Henry Ross Cooper (born 20 May 1993) is a New Zealand cricketer. He made his first-class debut for Northern Districts on 22 November 2016 in the 2016–17 Plunket Shield season. In June 2018, he was awarded a contract with Northern Districts for the 2018–19 season. In November 2020, Cooper was named in the New Zealand A cricket team for practice matches against the touring West Indies team. He made his Twenty20 debut on 27 December 2020, for Northern Districts, against Central Stags in the 2020–21 Super Smash. In March 2021, Cooper scored his first century in List A cricket, scoring 146 not out in the preliminary final of the 2020–21 Ford Trophy. In November 2021, in the 2021–22 Plunket Shield season, Cooper scored his maiden double century in first-class cricket.
# J. Hickory Wood

Jay Hickory Wood (died 26 August 1913, Purley, Kent) was an English playwright, novelist, and biographer. Born in Manchester, he was best known as the author of many pantomimes; several of them written in collaboration with Arthur Collins. His first pantomime performed in London's West End was Puss'n Boots at the Garrick Theatre in 1899. He wrote new pantomimes for the Theatre Royal, Drury Lane, in 13 consecutive seasons. Several of these were adapted into musicals produced on Broadway by Klaw and Erlanger, including The Sleeping Beauty and the Beast (1901) and Mother Goose (1903).
Wood was a biographer of the actor Dan Leno, and his book Dan Leno was published in 1905 by Methuen Publishing. His books included the novels The Chronicles of Mr. Pottersby (1898) and Coronation Chuckles (1911), and the short story collection Recitations: Comic and Otherwise (1898).
# Kathleen Winter

Kathleen Winter (born 1960) is an English Canadian short story writer and novelist.

## Life and career

Born in Bill Quay, near Newcastle in the north of England and raised in Newfoundland and Labrador, Winter began her career as a script writer for Sesame Street before becoming a columnist for The Telegram in St. John's. Her debut short story collection, boYs, was published in 2007 and won that year's Winterset Award and Metcalf-Rooke Award.
Her novel Annabel was published in 2010, and won the Thomas Head Raddall Award. It was a shortlisted nominee for the Scotiabank Giller Prize, the Rogers Writers' Trust Fiction Prize and the 2010 Governor General's Awards. It held the distinction of being the only novel to make the short list of all three awards in 2010. In 2011 it was shortlisted for the 2011 Orange Prize for Fiction. In 2014 it was chosen for the Canada Reads competition, where it was championed by actress Sarah Gadon.
A second book of short stories, The Freedom in American Songs, was released in 2014, along with a nonfiction book entitled Boundless: Tracing Land and Dream in a New Northwest Passage. Boundless was a shortlisted nominee for the 2014 Hilary Weston Writers' Trust Prize for Nonfiction.
She was a member of the jury for the 2016 Scotiabank Giller Prize. She was a James Merrill House Fellow December 2015-January 2016.
She lives in Montreal, Quebec, with her husband, Jean. She is also the sister of novelist Michael Winter.

## Works

* Where Is Mario? (1987)
* The Road Along the Shore - An Island Shore Journal (1991)
* The Necklace of Occasional Dreams (1996)
* boYs (2007)
* Annabel (2010)
* The Freedom in American Songs (2014)
* Boundless: Tracing Land and Dream in a New Northwest Passage (2014)
* Lost in September (2017)
* Undersong (2022)
# Fritillaria agrestis

Fritillaria agrestis is a species of fritillary known by the common name stinkbells. It is endemic to California, where it is found in scattered populations from Mendocino County and Butte County to Ventura County. It grows in heavy soils, particularly clay. It is not common.

## Description

Fritillaria agrestis grows an erect stem reaching about half a meter in height with a clump of 5 to 12 long, narrow leaves clustered around its base. The nodding flower is a cup of six tepals, each one to three centimeters long and sometimes curved at the tips. They are white with greenish to pinkish markings on the outer surface and purple-brown on the inner surface. The nectaries inside the flower are long and prominent. The flower has an unpleasant odor.
# Armani (kingdom)

Armani was an ancient kingdom mentioned by Sargon of Akkad.

## Location

Syria: Armani was mentioned alongside Ibla in the geographical treaties of Sargon. This led some historians to identify Ibla with Syrian Ebla and Armani with Syrian Armi.
Mesopotamia: Michael C. Astour refused to identify Armani with Armi, as Naram-Sin makes it clear that the Ibla he sacked (in c. 2240 BC) was a border town of the land of Armani, while the Armi in the Eblaite tablets is a vassal to Ebla. Armani was attested in the treaties of Sargon in a section that mentions regions located in Assyria and Babylonia or territories adjacent to the east, in contrast to the Syrian Ebla, located in the west. The later King Adad-Nirari I of Assyria also mentions Armani as being located east of the Tigris and on the border between Assyria and Babylon. Historians who disagree with the identification of Akkadian Armani with Syrian Armi place it (along with Akkadian Ibla) north of the Hamrin Mountains in northern Iraq.

## History

   When the God Dagon determined the verdict to Naram-Sin, the mighty God delivered into his hands Rid-Adad, king of Armanum and Naram-Sin personally captured him in the middle of his palace gateway.
—Naram-Sin describing his capture of the king of Armanum.
First mentioned as the land of Armani by Sargon. During the Middle Assyrian and Kassite periods, the land of Armani was mentioned as located east of the Tigris. King Shalmaneser III mentions his conquest of Halman, but the identification of Halman with Akkadian Armani (Arman) is dubious according to J.A. Brinkmann.
# Charles Champaud

Charles Champaud (Bulgarian: Шарл Шампо), also spelled Sharl Shampov (Шарл Шампов), was a Swiss gymnast. He represented Bulgaria at the First 1896 Summer Olympics in Athens. Champaud competed in the parallel bars, vault, and pommel horse events. Although the rest of his placings in each competition are unknown, he occupies the prestigious fifth place on vault and earned the first two points for Bulgaria.
Champaud was a Swiss national working as a gymnastics teacher at a Sofia high school when he represented Bulgaria at the first modern Olympics. Bulgaria is thus often included in the figure of participating nations.
In Bulgaria, Charles Champaud also played an important role in introducing football to the country and was the person to bring the sport to the capital city of Sofia in 1895 (the first football game in Bulgaria being in Varna in 1894, organized by another Swiss teacher, Georges de Regibus).
# Hameshbur

Hameshbur (Persian: همش بور, also Romanized as Hameshbūr; also known as Hameshpūr) is a village in Baladeh Rural District, Khorramabad District, Tonekabon County, Mazandaran Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 129, in 35 families.
# Gurik, Republic of Dagestan

Gurik (Russian: Гурик; Tabassaran: Ккурихъ) is a rural locality (a selo) and the administrative centre of Guriksky Selsoviet, Tabasaransky District, Republic of Dagestan, Russia. Population: 804 (2010 Census); 931 (2002 Census); 709 (1989 Soviet census). There are 7 streets.

## Geography

Gurik is located 4 km northwest of Khuchni (the district's administrative centre) by road. Lyakhe is the nearest rural locality.
# Leninsky, Perm Krai

Leninsky (Russian: Ленинский) is a rural locality (a settlement) in Chernushinsky District, Perm Krai, Russia. The population was 5 as of 2010. There is 1 street.

## Geography

Leninsky is located 42 km northeast of Chernushka (the district's administrative centre) by road. Kalinovka is the nearest rural locality.
# Ognyanovo, Blagoevgrad Province

Ognyanovo is a resort village with thermal mineral water springs in Garmen Municipality, in Blagoevgrad Province, Bulgaria.

## Geography

The village is situated in the valley of Mesta river in the skirts of the Dabrash part of the Rhodope Mountains. The village is 3 kilometers north of Garmen and together with Marchevo the three villages are almost merged. Ognyanovo is laying 72 kilometers southeast of Blagoevgrad and 125 kilometers southeast of Sofia.

## History

The mineral water has been discovered in the Roman times. There are remains of Roman baths. Also a medieval village and a watching tower remains have been unearthed near the village. The Roman town Nicopolis ad Nestum is just few kilometers south of the village.
The village was named Fotovishta until 1934 and Ognenovo until 1966. It was mentioned for first time in the Ottoman documents as Hotovishta in 1478-1479 as Christian village with 1 Muslim and 53 non-Muslim households. In the 19th century people of Pomak origin came from other Muslim villages. In 1835 was built the church "Assumption of Virgin Mary" (Bulgarian: Успение Богородично, Uspenie Bogorodichno). Some of the icons were painted by Dimitar Molerov. In 1859 was opened the first school. In 1908-1909 there were 103 Bulgarian households with 303 inhabitants and 40 pomak households with 200 inhabitants.
After 1912 year the village was gained from the Ottoman Turks and the region became part of Bulgaria. Refugees from Macedonia came to Fotovishta after parts of the region became part of Greece. In 1934 the village was renamed Ognenovo. In 1966 the village was named with its present name Ognyanovo.

## Institutions

Ognyanovo is governed by Mayor. The current Mayor, since 2003 is Dimitria Gyurova. There is a post office. The health care is provided by two doctors - a general practitioner and a dentist, and also a pharmacy. The primary school "Peyo Yavorov" was opened in 1929 and initially was named after Boris Sarafov. In 1944 the school was renamed to "Asen Zlatarov". There is also a kindergarten and a community center with a public library. The amateur football club "Mineral" plays in the regional amateur league.

## Mineral water

There are two groups of thermal mineral water springs. One of them, called "Miroto" is formed by 17 springs with temperature of 42°C. The remains of old Roman bath has been unearthed at that location. The other group of 7 springs are colder 16-40°C. The water is clear, colourless, with a slight smell of hydrogen sulfide.

## Tourism

There is a hotel, few guest-houses and a sanatorium. The village is not far from Kovachevitsa and Leshten - two villages with old preserved and reconstructed houses from the 19th and 20th centuries.
# Shabla Municipality

Shabla Municipality (Bulgarian: Община Шабла) is a municipality (obshtina) in Dobrich Province, Bulgaria, located in the north-easternmost part of the country on the Northern Bulgarian Black Sea Coast in Southern Dobruja geographical region, bounded by Romania to the north. It is named after its administrative centre - the town of Shabla.
The municipality embraces a territory of 329.64 km$^2$ (127.27 sq mi) with a population of 5,580 inhabitants, as of December 2009.
The area is best known with Cape Shabla - Bulgaria's easternmost point as well as the natural reserve of Durankulak Lake. The main road E87 crosses the municipality connecting the port of Varna with the Romanian port of Konstanza.

## Settlements

Shabla Municipality includes the following 16 places (towns are shown in bold):
| Town/Village | Cyrillic | Population (December 2009) |
| Shabla | Шабла | 3,586 |
| Bozhanovo | Божаново | 15 |
| Chernomortsi | Черноморци | 80 |
| Durankulak | Дуранкулак | 455 |
| Ezerets | Езерец | 183 |
| Gorichane | Горичане | 95 |
| Gorun | Горун | 105 |
| Granichar | Граничар | 163 |
| Krapets | Крапец | 378 |
| Prolez | Пролез | 56 |
| Smin | Смин | 78 |
| Staevtsi | Стаевци | 8 |
| Tvarditsa | Твърдица | 11 |
| Tyulenovo | Тюленово | 59 |
| Vaklino | Ваклино | 195 |
| Zahari Stoyanovo | Захари Стояново | 113 |
| Total | | 5,580 |

## Demography

The following table shows the change of the population during the last four decades.
Shabla Municipality :
| Year | 1975 | 1985 | 1992 | 2001 | 2005 | 2007 | 2009 | 2011 |
| Population | 9,261 | 8,375 | 7,508 | 6,380 | 5,959 | 5,759 | 5,580 | ... |
| Sources: Census 2001, Census 2011, „pop-stat.mashke.org“, |||||||||

### Religion

According to the latest Bulgarian census of 2011, the religious composition, among those who answered the optional question on religious identification, was the following:
Religious composition of Shabla Municipality
Orthodox Christianity
86.0%
Catholicism
0.6%
Protestantism
0.0%
Islam
1.9%
No religion
2.7%
Prefer not to answer, others and indefinable
8.8% :
# Isyakayevo

Isyakayevo (Russian: Исякаево; Bashkir: Иҫәкәй, İśäkäy) is a rural locality (a selo) in Sukhorechensky Selsoviet, Bizhbulyaksky District, Bashkortostan, Russia. The population was 129 as of 2010. There are 4 streets.

## Geography

Isyakayevo is located 41 km west of Bizhbulyak (the district's administrative centre) by road. Shomyrtly is the nearest rural locality.
# Dellwood, Adams County, Wisconsin

Dellwood (also known as Delwood) is an unincorporated census-designated place located in Adams County, Wisconsin, United States. Dellwood is west of Friendship, in the town of Strongs Prairie. As of the 2020 census, its population was 579, up from 563 at the 2010 census.
In the 1920s, a Chicago builder named Simon P. Linehan developed the area as a summer resort called “The Dellwood”. Through his development company, Linehan purchased about 3,000 acres along the Wisconsin River two miles south of what was then the unincorporated village of Holmsville. Holmsville residents soon changed its name to Dellwood.

## Demographics

As of the American Community Survey 5-year data in 2019, Dellwood had 525 people and 286 households. The racial makeup of the town was 99.4% White and 0.6% Native American.
In the town, the population was spread out, with 14% under the age of 18, 4.3% from 18 to 24, 11.4% from 25 to 44, 31% from 45 to 64, and 41% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 62.2 years. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 124 males.
The median income for a household in the town was $32,500, and the per capita income was $27,922. 17.1% of the population were below the poverty line, including 65% of those under age 18 and 4% of those age 65 or over.
# The Pure Land

The Pure Land is a novel written by David Foster. The novel was published in 1974, and was Foster's first. It was the winner of the first The Age Book of the Year award.
It is divided into four parts. Part One is set in 1930s Katoomba, New South Wales where the middle-aged landscape photographer Albert Manwaring travels to America with his daughter. Part Two, during the 1960s, focuses on Manwaring's daughter, Jean (or Janet) living in America and discusses originality of art, especially Australian, European and American art. In Part Three, in 1970, Janet's son, Danny, becomes a scientist and intellectual, Albert Manwaring's antithesis. In Part Four Danny intends to move to Australia, where his family is originally from, and ends up in Katoomba.
# Svetla Dimitrova

Svetla Stefanova Dimitrova (Bulgarian: Светла Стефанова Димитрова) (born 27 January 1970 in Botevgrad) is a former Bulgarian athlete who started out competing in heptathlon, and later specialized as a sprint hurdler. She represented her country four times at the Summer Olympics, from 1988 to 2000. Her best Olympic placing was fifth in the heptathlon at the 1992 Barcelona Olympics.
She won the inaugural heptathlon competition at the 1986 World Junior Championships in Athletics and returned two years later to defend it at the 1988 World Junior Championships in Athletics. She broke the world junior record for the heptathlon at the 1989 European Cup with a score of 6534 points, but the mark was never ratified as she failed a doping test afterwards. She was suspended for two years and returned in 1992. She won the 1993 edition of the Hypo-Meeting.
She was the silver medallist in the hurdles at the 1994 IAAF World Cup and won that event at the 1994 IAAF Grand Prix Final with a career best time of 12.53 seconds. In 1997 she competed in the World Championships held in Athens, Greece in the 100 metres hurdles where she finished second behind Sweden's Ludmila Engquist. She won two straight hurdles titles at the 1994 European Athletics Championships and 1998 European Athletics Championships. At the 1999 World Championships in Athletics she came fifth in the hurdles final and improved to fourth at the 2001 World Championships in Athletics. She tried for a third straight European title at the 2002 European Athletics Championships but hit a hurdle in the final and finished last. She retired from competition in 2004.
Dimitrova was a contestant in the second season of Survivor BG: Expedition Robinson. After her athletics career she married and is now Svetla Pishtikova.
# Mezhdurechensky District, Kemerovo Oblast

Mezhdurechensky District (Russian: Междуре́ченский райо́н) is an administrative district (raion), one of the nineteen in Kemerovo Oblast, Russia. It is located in the southeast of the oblast. Its administrative center is the city of Mezhdurechensk (which is not administratively a part of the district). Population: 2,268 (2010 Census); 2,658 (2002 Census).

## Administrative and municipal status

Within the framework of administrative divisions, Mezhdurechensky District is one of the nineteen in the oblast. The city of Mezhdurechensk serves as its administrative center, despite being incorporated separately as a town under oblast jurisdiction—an administrative unit with the status equal to that of the districts.
As a municipal division, the territory of the administrative district and the territory of Mezhdurechensk City Under Oblast Jurisdiction are incorporated together as Mezhdurechensky Urban Okrug.
# Vestiaritai

The vestiaritai (Greek: βεστιαρῖται, sg. βεστιαρίτης, vestiarites) were a corps of imperial bodyguards and fiscal officials in the Byzantine Empire, attested from the 11th to the 15th centuries.

## History and functions

The vestiaritai appear in the mid-11th century, with the first known vestiarites, John Iberitzes, attested in 1049. As their name indicates, they had a connection to the imperial wardrobe and treasury, the vestiarion, probably initially raised as a guard detachment for it. From circa 1080 on, they were formally distinguished into two groups: the "inner" or "household" vestiaritai (eso or oikeioi vestiaritai), attached to the emperor's private treasury (the eso or oikeiakon vestiarion) under a megas primikerios, and the "outer" (exo vestiaritai) under a primikerios, who were probably under the public or state treasury (basilikon vestiarion). Gradually, they replaced various other groups of armed guards that the Byzantine emperors had employed inside Constantinople itself, such as the manglabitai or the pantheotai, and became the exclusive corps of the emperor's confidential agents. As the princess and historian Anna Komnene writes, they were the courtiers "closest" to the emperor. With the military crisis of the 1070s, they were also formed into a regular palace guard regiment, serving alongside the Varangian Guard in the Komnenian-era army.
The vestiaritai are attested as late as 1387, and likely continued to exist after. In the 13th and 14th centuries, however, their role was chiefly fiscal: they were responsible for levying soldiers and wagons from the provinces, under the control of the domestikos of the themes of the East. The chief of the vestiaritai was called protovestiarites (πρωτοβεστιαρίτης) in the 13th and 14th centuries (not to be confused with the much older and more important office of protovestiarios). The title is attested as late as 1451, when it was held by the historian George Sphrantzes. In the mid-14th century Book of Offices of Pseudo-Kodinos, it ranks nineteenth in the order of precedence, following the logothetes tou genikou. According to the same work, its insignia were: a wooden staff (dikanikion) with gold and red-gold knobs, a skiadion hat with embroidery of the klapoton type, another type of hat called skaranikon of white and gold silk with gold-wire embroidery and images of the emperor in the front and back, and a silk robe of office or kabbadion.
# Maria Angelicoussis

Maria Angelicoussis is a Greek shipowner and the CEO and owner of Angelicoussis Group, one of the world's biggest private ship owning groups.
She is daughter of John Angelicoussis.
She was included in the Forbes List with an estimated fortune of US$6.4 billion.
She was included in the Lloyd's List "One Hundred Most Influential People in the Shipping Industry" list ranking 10th in 2022 and 12nd in 2023.