OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Sigurd Nergaard

Sigurd Syverson Nergaard (March 28, 1873 – January 21, 1932) was a Norwegian folklorist, writer, school principal, and teacher.

## Life

Nergaard was born on March 28, 1873, in Glomstad in the municipality of Åmot in Hedmark County, Norway to Syver Pedersen Nergaard (1829–1912) and Valborg Olsdatter Aaset (1835–1924). He graduated from the Hamar Seminary in 1893 and then served as a teacher at various elementary schools in Elverum. In 1899 or 1900 he married Helga Pauline Bækken. In 1922 he was hired as a teacher of Norwegian and history at the Elverum Normal School. From 1927 to 1930 he headed the Norwegian film censorship agency (Norwegian: Statens filmkontroll; now part of the Norwegian Media Authority), and was then appointed school principal at Hamar. He served on the district council, in its presidency, and on the school board and a number of other boards, including Det Norske Samlaget press. He died on January 21, 1932, in Hamar.

## Works

Nergaard published six collections of oral folklore material from Østerdalen, five of them as books in the Norwegian Folklore Society series of publications:
* Gard og grend. Folkeminne fraa Østerdalen (Farm and Hamlet: Folklore from Østerdalen; 1921)
* Ufredstider. Folkeminne fraa Østerdalen (Wartime: Folklore from Østerdalen; 1922)
* Eventyr, barnevers, spurningar og ordspraak. Folkeminne fraa Østerdalen (Adventures, Children's Rhymes, and Proverbs: Folklore from Østerdalen; 1923)
* Hulder og trollskap. Folkeminne fraa Østerdalen (Fairies and Witchcraft: Folklore from Østerdalen; 1925)
* Skikk og bruk. Folkeminne fraa Østerdalen (Custom and Practice: Folklore from Østerdalen; 1927)
* "Utsyn over folkeminna i Østerdalen" (Perspectives on Folklore in Østerdalen; in Bygd og bonde 7 (1925): 152–178)
Other publications by Nergaard include:
* Segner fraa Elvrom (Sayings from Elverum; supplement to Syn og Segn, 1907)
* "Hardåret 1812 i Østerdalen" (The Harsh Year of 1812 in Østerdalen; in Bygd og bonde 1 (1919): 134–137)
* "Kristian IV paa Kvikne" (Christian IV at Kvikne; in Bygd og bonde 1 (1919): 63ff.)
* "Utsyn over Trysils historie" (Perspectives on the History of Trysil; in Bygd og bonde 8 (1926): 138–164)
# M. N. Venkatachaliah

Manepalli Narayanarao Venkatachaliah (born 25 October 1929) was the 25th Chief Justice of India. He served as Chief Justice from 1993 to 1994. He currently serves as the Chancellor of Sri Sathya Sai Institute of Higher Learning (Deemed University) and on the Advisory Board of Foundation for Restoration of National Values, a society established in 2008 that strives to restore National and Cultural Values of India.
He earned Bachelor of Science from University of Mysore and Bachelor Bachelor of Laws from the Bangalore university. He started practicing law in 1951. He was appointed Permanent Judge of the High Court of Karnataka on 6 November 1975. He was elevated as Judge of the Supreme Court of India on 5 October 1987. Finally, he became the 25th Chief Justice of India on 12 February 1993 and subsequently retired on 24 October 1994.
Over the course of his Supreme Court tenure, Venkatachaliah authored 90 judgments and sat on 482 benches.
Post retirement, he has continued to work on anti-corruption and human rights issues, including support for the launch of the Initiatives of Change Centre for Governance in 2003.
He served as the Chairman of National Human Rights Commission from 1996-1998 and in 2000 he headed National Commission to review the working of the Constitution.
He is currently serving as the chancellor of the Sri Sathya Sai Institute of Higher Learning, Prasanthi Nilayam.

## Honours

* Padma Vibhushan - India's Second Highest Civilian Honour from the President of India in 2004.
* Doctor of Letters (honoris causa) - Pondicherry University
* Doctor of Laws (LL.D) (honoris causa) - Manipal University
* Honorary Doctorate from Rani Channamma University, Belagavi
# Paspal Glacier

Paspal Glacier (Bulgarian: ледник Паспал, romanized: lednik Paspal, IPA:) is the 14.5 km long and 6.5 km wide glacier on Oscar II Coast, Graham Land in Antarctica situated southeast of Montgolfier Glacier and west of Hektoria Glacier. Draining from the southeast slopes of Forbidden Plateau and flowing southeastwards between Zagreus Ridge and Dugerjav Peak to join Green Glacier.
The feature is named after the settlement of Paspal in southern Bulgaria.

## Location

Paspal Glacier is centred at 64°53′50″S 61°59′10″W﻿ / ﻿64.89722°S 61.98611°W﻿ / -64.89722; -61.98611. British mapping in 1974.

## Maps

* Antarctic Digital Database (ADD). Scale 1:250000 topographic map of Antarctica. Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research (SCAR), 1993–2016.
# Kasper Lindholm Jessen

Kasper Lindholm Jessen (born 31 January 1985) is a Danish male track cyclist, riding for the national team. He competed in the sprint and keirin event at the 2010 UCI Track Cycling World Championships.
# Norwegian Booksellers Association

The Norwegian Booksellers Association (Norwegian: Den norske Bokhandlerforening) is a Norwegian interest group. Its purpose is "looking after the interests of the booksellers and working to strengthen the position of literature and books in society". It awards the annual Norwegian Booksellers' Prize (Bokhandlerprisen).
It was founded on 10 January 1851. The first chairman, who served until 1870, was Jørgen Wright Cappelen. Peter Tidemand Malling succeeded him and served as chair from 1870 to 1878. Later Torger Baardseth was chairman of the Norwegian Booksellers Association from 1902 to 1916. The current board chairman is Siri Strömmevold.
# Bukkene Bruse

Bukkene Bruse (established in 1988 in Norway) is a Norwegian traditional folk music band, presenting a varied repertoire of traditional and folk-style Norwegian songs, but also including many new compositions based on various Norwegian musical traditions.

## Biography

The members of the group include Annbjørg Lien, a prominent Hardanger fiddle and nyckelharpa (keyed fiddle) player; Arve Moen Bergset, fiddle player and vocalist; flutist Steinar Ofsdal; and pipe organist Bjørn Ole Rasch. The name of the group is taken from the fairy tale of the Three Billy Goats Gruff (Norwegian: De tre bukkene Bruse).
The group was formed in 1988 in Norway and has travelled and performed widely in Scandinavia, and elsewhere. In 1994, they were selected as official Olympic Musicians for the Lillehammer Winter Olympic Games and performed at the closing ceremony.

## Band members

* Arve Moen Bergset - vocals, violin, and hardingfele
* Annbjørg Lien - Hardingfele & nyckelharpa
* Steinar Ofsdal - flute, low whistle
* Bjørn Ole Rasch - pipe organ

## Albums

* Bukkene Bruse (1993)
* Åre (1995)
* Steinstolen (1998)
* Den Fagraste Rosa (2001)
* Spel (2004)
# Laura Swisher

Laura Swisher is a stand-up comedian based in Los Angeles, California, best known for her role as co-host of the former TechTV program Unscrewed with Martin Sargent from 2003 to 2004.

## Career

Swisher acted as the comedic sidekick to Martin Sargent on Unscrewed with Martin Sargent, which aired late-nights on TechTV from May 26, 2003, until its cancellation on November 11, 2004. The show was cancelled less than six months after G4 took over TechTV and eliminated much of that channel's programming.
Before moving to San Francisco and joining TechTV, Swisher worked in Los Angeles as a stand-up comedian. She earned TV appearances on Comedy Central's Premium Blend, as well as the first season of NBC's Last Comic Standing in 2003, in which she was a semi-finalist. In addition to her stand-up work, she appeared as a contestant on the Game Show Network program Russian Roulette in 2002.
Swisher also appeared in the music video "Strange New Element" by the band Low Water. Near the end of the video, she makes an appearance with fellow TechTV personalities, including Cat Schwartz, Morgan Webb, Sarah Lane, Chi-Lan Lieu and Sumi Das.
For two years, from 2005 to 2007, Swisher co-hosted a podcast with comedian Louise Palanker titled Weezy and the Swish, but that show ended in July 2007 due to Laura's increasing lack of involvement in the show after moving to San Francisco. In 2011, she relocated back to Los Angeles.
Swisher has also co-hosted Dailies on ReelzChannel, and has hosted a number of daily and weekly programs for TV.com.
Since 2016, she has been senior producer at Maximum Fun, the radio and podcast production house.
# Roses Bloom on the Moorland (1952 film)

Roses Bloom on the Moorland (German: Rosen blühen auf dem Heidegrab) is a 1952 West German drama film directed by Hans H. König and starring Ruth Niehaus, Hermann Schomberg and Armin Dahlen. It is also known in English by the alternative titles Rape on the Moor and Roses Bloom on the Grave in the Heather.
The film's sets were designed by Max Mellin. The film was shot on moorlands in the vicinity of Bremen. It is notable amongst post-war heimatfilm for its gloomy, gothic atmosphere.

## Synopsis

In a German village a peasant girl is pressured by her family to marry a wealthy farmer, although she is in love with her childhood sweetheart who has recently returned from the city. Her fiancée tries to rape her on the moorland, echoing a similar tragedy that took place on the same spot hundreds of years ago during the Thirty Years War when a Swedish soldier attacked a local woman.

## Cast

* Ruth Niehaus as Dorothee Aden
* Hermann Schomberg as Dietrich Eschmann
* Armin Dahlen as Ludwig Amelung, Architekt
* Gisela von Collande as Fiete, Eschmanns Magd
* Lotte Brackebusch as Sophie Amelung
* Hilde Körber as Friederike Aden
* Hedwig Wangel as Kräuterjule
* Ingeborg Morawski as Gesine, Magd bei Adens
* Albert Florath as Stallmacher, Wirt
* Ernst Waldow as Albert Berndsen, Handelsvertreter
* Walter Ladengast as Fromann, ein alter Schäfer
* Otto Friebel as Heini Schütt, Verkäufer
* Konrad Mayerhoff as Wilhelm Aden
* Anderl Kern
* Josef Dahmen as Der schwedische Leutnant
* Fred Berthold
# Galenbecker Tanzlinde

The Galenbeck Dance Linden (German: Galenbecker Tanzlinde), also known as the Luisenlinde (Louise's Linden, named after Louise of Mecklenburg-Strelitz), is a dance linden tree located in Galenbeck, Mecklenburg Lake District, in the state of Mecklenburg-Vorpommern. It is the only dance linden in this state.

## Description

The tree is a common linden (Tilia × europaea) standing 14 meters tall. Planted in 1788, it was 234 years old as of 2022.
Originally, the tree had three levels.
The dance floor, located approximately three meters above the ground, now rests on an octagonal lattice structure rebuilt in 1993.

## Location and history

The tree is located in the former park of the manor estate and was planted in 1788 in honor of Louise of Mecklenburg-Strelitz. Some sources suggest it was planted at the time of her death, but she died in 1810.
It is situated near the oaks of Rattey Castle.
Local stories explain that the linden was equipped with a dance platform because the lords liked to have tea or coffee in the tree on nice days, enjoying a magnificent view of the landscape. To offer something to the village's workers, the maids and servants could gather there after work.
On the estate, in addition to the remains of the von Rieben manor and a church, there is the old manor house of the Belling family - where Gebhard Leberecht von Blücher, later a Field Marshal in the Prussian Army, was imprisoned in 1760. Blücher played a decisive role in the victory over Napoleon.
Nearby, during the era of the GDR, the Large Meadow of Friedländer, adjacent to the Galenbecker See, was a massive project of the Free German Youth in the 1950s, with over 6,000 young people digging drainage ditches.
The tree was restored in 2022, but its status as a natural and historical monument complicates repairs.

## Usage

The village festival is held annually under the linden tree.
# Novosofiyevka

Novosofiyevka (Russian: Новософиевка) is a rural locality (a village) in Bala-Chetyrmansky Selsoviet, Fyodorovsky District, Bashkortostan, Russia. The population was 198 as of 2010. There is 1 street.

## Geography

Novosofiyevka is located 34 km southeast of Fyodorovka (the district's administrative centre) by road. Sergeyevka is the nearest rural locality.
# Northwest Passage (disambiguation)

The Northwest Passage is a historical sea route between the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans, through the Arctic waters of Canada, Alaska, and Greenland.
Northwest Passage may also refer to:

## Literature

* Northwest Passage (book), a 2013 illustrated children's book written by Stan Rogers and illustrated by Matt James
* Northwest Passage (novel), a 1937 historical novel by Kenneth Roberts

## Music

* Northwest Passage (album), a 1981 album by Stan Rogers
** "Northwest Passage" (song), its title track
* Northwest Passage, a 1997 album by Oregon
* "Northwest Passage", a big band tune by Ralph Burns

## Television

* Northwest Passage (TV series), a 1958-1959 television series starring Keith Larsen and Buddy Ebsen
* "Northwest Passage" (Fringe), a 2010 episode of Fringe
* "Northwest Passage" (Twin Peaks) or "Pilot", a 1990 episode of Twin Peaks

## Other arts, entertainment, and media

* Northwest Passage (film), a 1940 film starring Spencer Tracy and Robert Young
* Northwest Passage (newspaper), an underground newspaper of the 1960s
* The North-West Passage, an 1874 painting by John Everett Millais
* Northeast Passage
# Compassionate Sex

Compassionate Sex (Spanish: Sexo por compasión) is a 2000 Spanish-Mexican comedy film directed by Laura Mañá.

## Cast

* Élisabeth Margoni - Lolita
* Álex Angulo - Pepe
* Pilar Bardem - Berta
* Juan Carlos Colombo - Padre Anselmo
* Carmen Salinas - La madame
* Mariola Fuentes - Floren
* Leticia Huijara - Leocadia
* Damián Alcázar - Hombre virgen
# Magadis

The magadis (Ancient Greek: Μάγαδις) was an ancient Greek musical instrument, possibly a Greek harp or Lyre. It is usually believed to be a stringed instrument similar to a psaltery or harp, though some earlier sources like the translated fragments of Posidonius discuss arguments that it may have been a woodwind. Modern scholars have mostly accepted the string instrument classification while noting that the evidence from ancient texts "falls well short of proving it." Scholars believe the word may be Lydian in origin.

## Background

Archaic writers like Alkman and Anakreon mention both magadis and pektis.
According to Aristoxenos magadis and pektis were the same instrument; if this is correct magadis would have been associated with dancing or serenades as the pektis was, however, direct literary evidence about the magadis and its role in society is lacking.
Euphorion wrote that the magadis was an ancient instrument, but that in latter times it was altered, and had the name also changed to that of the Sambuca. Adding that it was popular on Lesbos and that a sculptor named Lesbothemis (Λεσβοθέμις), about whom little else is known, depicted one of the muses holding the magadis.
Menaechmus (Μέναιχμος), in his treatise on Artists, said that the pektis (πηκτὶς), which he called identical with the magadis, was invented by Sappho.
Scholars have said it is an invention of the Lydians or Thracians.
There is a discussion in Deipnosophistae ("Sophists at Dinner") about whether the magadis is a harp-like string instrument or a woodwind similar to the aulos or kithara with those involved eventually reaching agreement that it was a string instrument. The gathered company then turn to the question of whether the instrument is of Lydian origin beginning a sharp dispute between Athenaeus and Posidonius.

## Verses

Anakreon's verse indicates the magadis was a plucked string instrument:
Holding the magadis I pluck its twenty strings; But you, Leukaspis, are in the bloom of youth
According to Aristoxenos (as quoted by Athenaeus), the "twenty strings" mentioned by Anakreon would have been plucked without a plectrum. The skill of a magadis player is described in a dithyramb by Telestes:
Each man hurling forth a different sound from the others
Roused up the horn-voiced magadis
Turning his hand quickly back and forth across
Five-staved joinings of the strings
Like a runner at the turning post
Scholars have speculated whether "horn-voiced" (keratophonon) could be a reference to plucking of strings with a plectrum, or perhaps a reference to the tone of the instrument, or a structural element of the instrument. Xenophon mentions Thracian soldiers playing ox-hide trumpets (salpinyxin omoboeias) in what he calls the "manner of the magadis".
# Mandane (Cilicia)

Mandane (Ancient Greek: Μανδάνη) was a town on the coast of ancient Cilicia, between Celenderis, and Cape Pisidium or Posidium (modern Kızıl Burun), from which it was only 7 stadia distant. William Smith conjectured it to be the same place as the Myanda or Mysanda mentioned by Pliny the Elder; and if so, it must also be identical with the town of Myus (Μυούς) mentioned in the Periplus of Pseudo-Scylax between Nagidus and Celenderis. Modern scholarship does not accept the identity.
Mandane is located near Akyaka in Asiatic Turkey.
# Cheraghabad-e Sofla

Cheraghabad-e Sofla (Persian: چراغ ابادسفلي, also Romanized as Cherāghābād-e Soflá) is a village in Yusefvand Rural District, in the Central District of Selseleh County, Lorestan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 127, in 22 families.
# Pas Kul

Pas Kul (Persian: پسكول, also Romanized as Pas Kūl) is a village in Seydun-e Jonubi Rural District, Seydun District, Bagh-e Malek County, Khuzestan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 28, in 4 families.
# Lakatnik

Lakatnik (Bulgarian: Лакатник) is a small village located in Svoge Municipality, near the Lakatnik rocks. The village has a train station called Gara Lakatnik on the train line Sofia - Mezdra located 8 km north of the village. During the years the train station turned into in a separate settlement.
Lakatnik will co-host the Bulgarian National Youth Games in August 2017. The other host villages will be Bov, Gara Bov and Gara Lakatnik. The cycling events will take part in the village.
# Apollonius of Athens

Apollonius οf Athens (Ancient Greek: Άπολλώνιος ό Άθηναίος), also known as Apollonius of Naucratis, was a Greek sophist and rhetorician who lived in the time of the Roman emperor Septimius Severus, at the end of the 2nd century.
Apollonius was a pupil of the sophists Adrianus and Chrestus. He distinguished himself by his forensic eloquence, and taught rhetoric at Athens at the same time with Heracleides. He was an opponent of Heracleides, and with the assistance of his associates he succeeded in expelling him from the chair of rhetoric in Athens. Apollonius was afterward appointed by the emperor to the chair of rhetoric, with a salary of one talent. He held several high offices in his native place, and distinguished himself no less as a statesman and diplomatist than as a rhetorician.
Apollonius cultivated chiefly political oratory, and used to spend a great deal of time upon preparing his speeches in retirement. His declamations are said to have excelled those of many of his predecessors in dignity, beauty, and propriety; but he was often vehement and rhythmical.
Apollonius' moral conduct was censured, as he had a son Rufinus by a concubine. He died at Athens in the seventieth year of his age.
# Phaestus (Thessaly)

Phaestus or Phaestos or Phaistos (Ancient Greek: Φαιστός) was a town of ancient Thessaly in the district Pelasgiotis, a little to the right of the Peneius. It was taken by the Roman praetor Marcus Baebius Tamphilus in 191 BCE.
# Tsvetanka Khristova

Tsvetanka Pavlova Khristova (Bulgarian: Цветанка Павлова Христова) (sometimes spelled Tsvetanka Hristova, 14 March 1962 – 14 November 2008) was a Bulgarian discus thrower. She won gold at the 1991 World Championships and the 1982 European Championships. She also won two Olympic medals, with bronze at the 1988 Seoul Olympics and silver at the 1992 Barcelona Olympics. Her best throw of 73.22 metres in 1987, ranks her eighth on the world all-time list.

## Life

Born in Kazanlak, Stara Zagora she became European champion in 1982 at only 20 years of age. Nine years later she won the World Championships, and the following year won an Olympic silver medal. Khristova tested positive for steroids in 1993 and was banned from competition. In 2004, at the age of 42, she competed at the 2004 Summer Olympics.
Her personal best was 73.22 m. That is still the Bulgarian record.
She died on 14 November 2008, of cancer.

## International Competitions

| Year | Competition | Venue | Position | Event | Notes |
| Representing Bulgaria ||||||
| 1982 | European Championships | Athens, Greece | 1st | Discus | 68.34 m |
| 1983 | World Championships | Helsinki, Finland | 4th | Discus | 65.62 m |
| 1985 | World Student Games (Universiade) | Kobe, Japan | 2nd | Discus | 65.30 m |
| 1986 | Goodwill Games | Moscow, Soviet Union | 1st | Discus | 69.54 m |
| 1986 | European Championships | Stuttgart, West Germany | 2nd | Discus | 69.52 m |
| 1987 | World Student Games (Universiade) | Zagreb, Yugoslavia | 1st | Discus | 67.96 m (record) |
| 1987 | World Championships | Rome, Italy | 3rd | Discus | 68.82 m |
| 1988 | Olympic Games | Seoul, South Korea | 3rd | Discus | 69.74 m |
| 1990 | European Championships | Split, Yugoslavia | 10th | Discus | 56.30 m |
| 1991 | World Championships | Tokyo, Japan | 1st | Discus | 71.02 m |
| 1992 | Olympic Games | Barcelona, Spain | 2nd | Discus | 67.78 m |
| 1997 | World Championships | Athens, Greece | 23rd (q) | Discus | 53.64 m |
| 2004 | Olympic Games | Athens, Greece | 41st (q) | Discus | 43.25 m |
# New Cumberland Defense Depot

The New Cumberland Defense Depot is a United States Department of Defense military base located a short distance south of Harrisburg, Pennsylvania, in Fairview Township, York County, Pennsylvania. It is adjacent to the Capital City Airport and a short distance east of the Harrisburg West Shore interchange of the Pennsylvania Turnpike (Interstate 76, which forms the southern boundary of the base) with Interstate 83 and to the north Interstate 81. The Susquehanna River forms the base's eastern boundary.
The depot covers 851 acres (344 ha) and includes the Administrative Support Center East and DLA Distribution. It employs about 3,000 civilian and 100 military personnel. The Quartermaster Corps originally built the depot at New Cumberland in 1918, naming it the Marsh Run Storage Depot.
# Trilby Clark

Trilby Clark (born Gwendolyn Gladys Blakely Clark; 30 August 1896 – 7 July 1983) was an Australian actress who appeared in British films beginning in the silent film era. She was a leading lady in British films during the 1920s and early 1930s.
Trilby Clark was born in Adelaide, Australia, and died in London in 1983.

## Partial filmography

* The Breaking of the Drought (1920)
* Big Dan (1923)
* Hoodman Blind (1923)
* The Lover of Camille (1924)
* Just Off Broadway (1924)
* Silent Sanderson (1925)
* The Bad Lands (1925)
* The Prairie Pirate (1925)
* The Seventh Bandit (1925)
* Satan Town (1926)
* Carry On (1927)
* In the First Degree (1927)
* Maria Marten (1928)
* The Passing of Mr. Quin (1928)
* Chick (1928)
* God's Clay (1928)
* The Devil's Maze (1929)
* The Compulsory Husband (1930)
* Harmony Heaven (1930)
* The Squeaker (1930)
* The Night Porter (1930)