OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Nisshinkan

The Nisshinkan (Nisshin-kan) (Japanese: 日新館), located in Aizuwakamatsu, Fukushima, Japan, was the Aizu clan's official domain school (hankō). Established in 1801 and completed in 1803, It was created to educate the sons of high-ranking Samurai. The school's textbook, Nisshinkan dōjikun (Nisshinkan School Injunctions) written by daimyo lord Matsudaira Katanobu in 1803 was read by the students in class and given to the Aizu Samurai's families which allowed girls to be taught from it as well.

## History

Aizu hankō Nisshinkan, which takes its name from the term “virtue daily renewed (Japanese: 徳日新) in the Book of Documents, was built as part of The fifth daimyo, lord Matsudaira Katanobu (1744–1805), Aizu domain reform. Construction on the school began in 1798. Most of the funding to build the school was provided by a wealthy kimono merchant. The construction was a community effort. Scholars, students, officials, and other community members worked side by side during the five-years it took to complete.$^{:p.415}$ It was located on the west side of Tsurugajo Castle.
Once completed, the campus had an observatory, an area for horseback riding, indoor and outdoor shooting ranges, large and small halls to practice fencing, spear fighting, and man to man combat with and without weapons, a swimming pool, the first in Japan, which they used to practice swimming with and without armor and classrooms.
The school mandate, "to prepare boys for future careers serving Aizu as samurai-administrators", is contained in the Book of Documents. Enrollment remained constant. at around 1000 students, from the time it opened in 1801 until the Boshin war in 1868.

## Destruction

Six years after the Boshin War, which was in 1868, Nisshinkan was burned down.
# Argela

Argela is a multinational corporation based in Turkey that develops communication technologies mainly for the telecom, public safety, and defense sectors. Founded in 2004, it was acquired by Türk Telekom in 2007. It is headquartered in Istanbul. Argela also has branches in Sunnyvale and Ankara.
Argela's products include Femtocell, fixed-mobile convergence, IMS/IN Applications, service delivery framework, three-screen TV services and performance-monitoring tools

## Products
### iTV

Argela's iTV is an Internet television service distributed via the Internet. It allows the users to choose the program or the TV show they want to watch from an archive (VoD, TSTV) or live from a channel directory.

### Argela ADz-on advertising platform

Argela ADz-on consists of: ADz-on-Voice, ADz-on-Messaging, ADz-on-TV, ADz-on-Internet and ADz-on-VAS, and Adz-on Ringback Tone Advertising.

### SCP & IN Applications

Argela’a Service Control Platform (SCP) is the platform where multiple IN services can be deployed, including ICS(Intra Call Service), Ring Back Tone (RBT), Mobile Virtual Private Network (MVPN), Anonymous Call Rejection (ACR), Smart Call Termination (SCT), Virtual Mobile Attendant (VMA).

### IMS Applications

Argela's IMS Application portfolio includes Multimedia Ring Back Tone (M-RBT), Sponsored Call (SPC), Collect Call Service (CCS), 3rdParty Call Control (3PCC), Virtual Subscription (VS) and Centralized Service Management Platform.

### Performance monitoring tools

Argela's monitoring tool dedicated to Prepaid subscribers; Prepaid Watcher has mechanisms to watch over and measure operators pre-paid systems.
# André Hoffmann (speed skater)

André Hoffmann (born 11 August 1961) is a former German Speed skater who made a huge step forwards in the 1987–1988 season and won two 1500 metres races in the World Cup. It was even though highly surprising that he took gold medal in the 1500 m at the 1988 Olympics in Calgary. He beat the American Eric Flaim with six hundreds of a second and set a new world record with 1:52.06.

## World records

| Discipline | Time | Date | Location |
| 3000 m | 4.03,31 | 12 January 1985 | Davos |
| Small combination | 161.158 | 13 January 1985 | Davos |
| 1500 m | 1.52,06 | 20 February 1988 | Calgary |
Source: SpeedSkatingStats.com
# Al-Sayf al-Saqil fi al-Radd ala Ibn Zafil

Al-Sayf al-Saqil fi al-Radd 'ala Ibn Zafil (Arabic:السيف الصقيل في الرد على ابن زفيل,lit.'The Burnished Sword in Refuting Ibn Zafil [derogatory name forIbn al-Qayyim]'), is a theological book, written by the Shafi'i-Ash'ari scholar Taqi al-Din al-Subki (d. 756/1355), as a refutation against Ibn al-Qayyim's poem entitled al-Kafiya al-Shafiya fi al-Intisar lil-Firqa al-Najiya (Arabic:الكافية الشافية في الانتصار للفرقة الناجية,lit.'The Sufficient and Healing [Poem] on the Victory of the Saved Sect'), known popularly as al-Qasida al-Nuniyya (Arabic:القصيدة النونية,lit.'Ode Rhyming in theLetter Nun[N]').
Al-Subki considered the poem to be blasphemous due to its ideological practice of takfir (excommunication of other Muslims), and due to its theological deviations about the Divine Attributes, i.e., anthropomorphism and anthropopathism.
Al-Subki purposely cited sections of the poem and also referred to Ibn Taymiyya. He strove to disqualify the derogatory designations used by Ibn al-Qayyim when he referred to the Ash'aris as Jahmiyya and Mu'attila, etc. Moreover, al-Subki explored several theological aspects concerning God's entity and His attributes in terms of figurative interpretation (ta'wil) and also deals with eschatological issues.
The book was re-edited and commented on by Hanafi Maturidi scholar Muhammad Zahid al-Kawthari (d. 1371/1951), under the title of Tabdid al-Zalam al-Mukhim min Nuniyyat Ibn al-Qayyim (Arabic: تبديد الظلام المخيم من نونية ابن القيم).
The Hanafi hadith scholar Murtada al-Zabidi (d. 1205/ 1791) — in the introduction to his book Ithaf al-Sada al-Muttaqin (commentary on Ihya' 'Ulum al-Din by al-Ghazali) — quoted at some length from the refutation written by al-Subki.
# Bayt al-Mal (Hezbollah)

Part of a series on :
Hezbollah :
Ideology
History
Flag
Foreign relations
Funding
Headquarters :
Political activities
Loyalty to the Resistance Bloc
2008 conflict in Lebanon
2006–2008 Lebanese political protests
Doha Agreement
Hezbollah–Iran relations
Hezbollah–Russia relations :
Military activities
Lebanese Civil War (1983 US Embassy bombingWar of the Camps)
South Lebanon conflict (1985–2000)
1986 Rue de Rennes bombing
2000–2006 Shebaa Farms conflict
2006 Lebanon War
2008 conflict in Lebanon
Iran–Saudi Arabia proxy conflict
Syrian civil war (Hezbollah involvementSpillover in Lebanon)
2023 border conflict
2024 Hezbollah headquarters strike
Capabilities
Armed strength
Imam al-Mahdi Scouts :
Organizations
Hezbollah social services
Bayt al-Mal
Jihad al-Bina
Lebanese Communication Group
Al-Qard Al-Hasan Association
Islamic Resistance Support Organization (IRSO)
Media
Al-Manar
Al-Nour
Al-Ahed News :
People
Secretaries-General
Subhi al-Tufayli
Abbas al-Musawi  †
Hassan Nasrallah  †
Senior officials
Naim Qassem
Hashem Safieddine  †
Ibrahim Amin al-Sayyed
Mohammad Raad
Wafiq Safa
Nabil Qaouk  †
Talal Hamiyah
Fuad Shukr  †
Ali Karaki  †
Ibrahim Aqil  †
Imad Mughniyeh  †
Fouad Saleh
Mohammad Yazbek :
vte :
Hezbollah Bayt al-Mal, AKA Hezbollah Bayt al-Mal Lil Muslimeen, is a Hezbollah-controlled organization that performs financial services for the organization. In Arabic, the term is used as "House of Money."
Bayt al-Mal operates under the direct supervision of Hezbollah Secretary General Hassan Nasrallah. As Hezbollah's main financial body, Bayt al-Mal serves as a bank, creditor, and investment arm for Hezbollah. Husayn al-Shami is the head of Bayt al-Mal.
It has branch offices in: Harat Hurayk, Beirut, Lebanon; Burj Al-Barajinah, Lebanon; Sidon, Lebanon; Tyre, Lebanon; Al-Nabatiyah, Lebanon; Ba'albak, Lebanon; and Hirmil, Lebanon.
Hezbollah Bayt al-Mal utilizes the Yousser Company for Finance and Investment to secure loans and finance business deals for Hezbollah companies.
According to Mr. Stuart Levey, U.S. Department of Treasury's Under Secretary for Terrorism and Financial Intelligence (TFI),"Bayt al-Mal functions as Hezbollah's unofficial treasury, holding and investing its assets and serving as intermediaries between the terrorist group and mainstream banks."
The central headquarters of Bayt al-Mal was located in Hezbollah's stronghold in Beirut's southern suburbs.
* This article about a political organization is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
# Sveti Janez, Bohinj

Sveti Janez (pronounced, German: Sankt Johann am See) is a former village in the Municipality of Bohinj. It is now part of the village of Ribčev Laz. It is part of the traditional region of Upper Carniola and is now included in the Upper Carniola Statistical Region.

## Geography

Sveti Janez is located in a clearing on a terrace above Lake Bohinj.

## Name

The name Sveti Janez means 'Saint John' and refers to the church on the lakeshore in the settlement.

## History

Together with Sveti Duh and Ribčev Laz, Sveti Janez was historically part of the village of Polje. A lakeside hotel was built in the settlement in the 19th century. Sveti Janez was primarily a summer vacation settlement in the first half of the 20th century. Sveti Janez was deemed annexed by Polje in 1952, ending any existence it had as a separate settlement.

## Church

The church in Sveti Janez is dedicated to the John the Baptist and stands on the east shore of Lake Bohinj. The church was originally built in the Gothic style, and it has an open portico and a bell tower with a Baroque roof. The church is a single-naved structure with gilded altars, and it was painted with Gothic frescoes multiple times.
# Pulanaivu

Pulanaivu (Tamil: புலனாய்வு, lit. 'Investigation') is a 2019 Malaysian Tamil-language crime thriller film. In the film, a couple is entangled in a murder at their college. Meanwhile, a female cop, Bhairavi, has to trace the few suspects and find the murderer.
It was released 14 November 2019 in Malaysia. The film has the highest number of cinema listings for local Tamil-language films. It is dubbed in Telugu as Chustanaa.

## Synopsis

Aishwarya is a woman who is just starting college, she is trying to move on from her previous relationship. So she is not interested when her new friend falls for her and tries hard to earn her love and attention. As their love story develops, a murder suddenly occurs in their college, putting their lives and loved ones in danger. Meanwhile, Bhairavi, a female cop is investigating the case. There are few suspects, will they find the right murderer?

## Cast

* Shaila V (Shaila Nair) as Bhairavi
* Shalini Balasundaram as Aishwarya
* Kabil Ganesan as Athi
* Sarankumar as Shiva
* Krithigah Nair as Preethi
* Shabby as Vignesh
* Ley Shahrwind as Sharath
* KS Maniam as Aishwarya's Dad
* Shashi Tharan as Siddarth
* Desmond Dass as Deepak
* Mardinii as Janany
* Irfan Zaini as Ravinder Singh
* Pashini Sivakumar as Vaishnavi
* Ramkumar Ravichandran as Sri Ram
* Bavithira Anbarasu as Dhivya
* Chandramohan as Mohan
* Navinc Rajamohan
* Manjula Joseph
* Saresh D7 (Cameo Appearance)

## Soundtrack

The album consists of 3 tracks. The first single is "En Sogame", sung by Indian singer Shakthisree Gopalan under the music direction of Jey Raggaveindra.

## Reception

A critic from Astro Ulagam noted that "Every frame was carefully directed with clear substance and expressions. Each and every character in the movie was well picked by the director to the extent the voice modulation was apt for each character on its own!". A critic from Selliyal praised the 120 minute runtime, gripping screenplay, acting, cinematography, editing but criticised the screenplay glitches such as the lack of a day 3 and day 4 during the murder.

## Accolades

| Award | Category | Recipient(s) and nominee(s) | Result |
| Toronto International Tamil Film Festival 2020 | Best Crime Thriller Feature Film Award | Pulanaivu | Won |
| Norway Tamil Film Festival Awards 2020 | Best Actor Female Tamil – Diaspora | Datin Sri Shaila V | Won |
| Norway Tamil Film Festival Awards 2020 | Best Screenplay Tamil – Diaspora | Shalini – Sathish | Won |
# Mohammed Al-Kharashy

Mohammed Al-Kharashi (Arabic: محمد الخراشي) is a Saudi Arabian football manager.

## Career

In the 1994 FIFA World Cup Asian qualifiers, he took charge of the Saudi Arabia national team for their final match, after the original manager Candinho was fired. He led Saudi Arabia to a 4-3 victory against Iran, leading them to qualify for the finals.
Under his tutelage, Saudi Arabia won their first ever Gulf Cup in 1994.
In the 1998 FIFA World Cup finals, he took charge of the Saudi Arabia national football team for their final group match, after original manager Carlos Alberto Parreira was fired after two losses and saw the team eliminated from contention. Saudi Arabia played South Africa to a 2–2 draw in that match.
# Matugama

Mathugama (Sinhala: මතුගම, Tamil: மத்துகம) is a semi urban town surrounded by mountains. It is an electorate of the Kalutara district, in Western Province, Sri Lanka. The town is located 64 km (40 mi) to the south of Colombo.
Mathugama is part of the Pasdun Korale (Sinhala: පස්දුන් කෝරලේ) (meaning: county of the five yojanas), created when King Parakramabahu the Great drained the Kalu Ganga basin.
In the days of the State Council it comprised the present-day Agalawatta, Bulathsinhala and Matugama constituencies.
In 1946, it was divided into two, the eastern portion becoming Agalawatta (itself subdivided in 1960 by the creation of Bulathsinhala).
Since 1989 it has been an electoral division of the Kalutara District, not a constituency sending a member to parliament in its own right.

## Members of State Council

The constituency was represented in the State Council by:
* D. D. Athulathmudali - 1931-1936
* C. W. W. Kannangara - 1936-1947

## Members of Parliament

* Wilmot A. Perera - 1947–1956
* Daya T. Pasqual - 1956–1977
* Reginald Wijegunaratne - 1977–1983
* Anil Munasinghe - 1983–1994
* Mahinda Samarasinghe - 1989 onwards
* Kumara Welgama - 1994 onwards
* Palitha Thewarapperuma - 2010 onwards

## Geography

Bounded by: North - Kalu Ganga river East - Bulathsinhala and Agalawatte electorates South - Bentota Ganga river West - Kalutara and Beruwala electorates.

## Schools in Matugama

* C. W. W. Kannangara Central College Mathugama
* Ananda Sastralaya National School Mathugama
* St. Mary's College(National school)
* D. D. Athulathmudali Vidayalaya
* E. W. Adikaram Maha Vidyalaya
* Rathnaloka College (Semi-Government)
* Leeds International school

## Transport

Matugama is easily accessible via the Southern Expressway (Sri Lanka). The town is located about 10 km (6.2 mi) eastward to the Dodangoda Interchange. There are two access roads from Colombo-Galle main road at Katukurunda (in Kalutara) and Aluthgama. Matugama is also accessible via Horana or Agalawatte.
Buses are the only form of public transportation in Matugama. Bus routes terminating at Matugama:
* 285 - Horana (via Bulathsinhala)
* 399 - Pitigala / Elpitiya
* 403 - Neluwa
* 408 - Aluthgama(via Yatadola)
* 428/2 - Gulawita (via Walallawita, Meegahathenna)
* 428 - Walallawita (via Meegahathenna)
* 430 - Colombo via Nagoda Kalutara
* 430/1 - Kalutara
* 431 - Kudaligama
* 433 - Agalawatte / Baduraliya / Wathugedara
* 435 - Pelawatta (via Meegahathenna, Polgampala, Agalawatte )
* 441 - Aluthgama (via Dharga Town)
* 458 - Horana (via Neboda)
* 16 - Kandy
* 16/15/87 - Jaffna
* 16/15 - Anuradapura
* 482 - Kalawana
* 437- Kelinkanda (via Molkawa, Agalawatte )
* 428/1 - Avithawa (via Walallawita)
* 965/1 - Walallawita (via Gulawita, utumgama)
* 98/5 - Akkaraipattu, Monaragala
* 99/5 - Badulla
* 18/42 - Nuwara Ealiya
* 22 - Ampara
* 4 - Puttalam
* This Western Province, Sri Lanka location article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
# Sad Inheritance!

Sad Inheritance! (Spanish: ¡Triste herencia!) is an 1899 oil painting by Spanish artist Joaquín Sorolla. The painting was held by Episcopal Church of the Ascension in New York for many years, until it was bought in 1981 by the Savings Bank of Valencia (now part of Bankia).
The large work measures 210 cm × 285 cm (83 in × 112 in). It depicts a crowd of sick and disabled naked children, including some using crutches due to polio, on the Malvarrosa beach [es] in Valencia. They have been brought to the beach by a black-clothed monk from the Valencian asylum hospital of San Juan de Dios [es], to bathe in the seawater as a therapeutic measure. In the background, some children are already in the sea.
Sorolla reported coming across the scene himself, writing:
   Estaba ocupado una mañana en hacer un boceto de pescadores valencianos, cuando distinguí a lo lejos, cerca del mar, un grupo de niños desnudos, a corta distancia de ellos, la figura de un sacerdote solitario. Eran los Niños del Hospital de San Juan de Dios, resaca de la sociedad, ciegos, locos, enclenques o leprosos. Inútil decir que la presencia de aquellos desgraciados me produjo una penosa impresión. No perdí el momento, y pedí y obtuve del director del Hospital la necesaria autorización para trabajar sobre el terreno y copiar aquel cuadro al natural.
   ("I was busy one morning making a sketch of Valencian fishermen, when I saw in the distance, near the sea, a group of naked children, a short distance from a single priest. They were children from the Hospital of San Juan de Dios, the detritus of society, blind, mad, disabled or leprous. Needless to say that the presence of those unfortunates made a painful impression on me. I did not miss the moment and sought and obtained the necessary authorization from the director of the Hospital to work on the spot and copy that scene from life.")
Sorolla exhibited the painting with other works at the Exposition Universelle in Paris in 1900, where he was award the grand prize, and he was awarded a medal of honour (medalla de honor) when it was exhibited at the National Exhibition of Fine Arts in Madrid in 1901. He offered to sell the painting to the Spanish state for 40,000 pesetas, but the acquisition was blocked by Conservative politicians.
The painting was sold in 1902 to the dealer Jesus Vidal in New York for the same price, 40,000 pesetas, and it was sold on in 1904 to John E. Berwind. It was exhibited at the Hispanic Society of America in New York in 1909. Berwind gave it to the Episcopal Church of the Ascension on Fifth Avenue in New York, where it remained for many years.
It was put up for sale at Sotheby's in New York in June 1981 and bought by the Savings Bank of Valencia (the Caja de Ahorros de Valencia, later part of Bancaja [es] and now part of Bankia) for $240,000.
An oil study was sold at Sotheby's in London in 2014 for £182,500; Sorolla had given this as a gift to his friend William Laparra in 1906. Sorolla gave a different sketch to John Singer Sargent in 1903 (now in the Masaveu Collection in Madrid), and a third study was given to William Merritt Chase also in 1906.
# Siege of Constantinople (1411)

The siege of Constantinople of 1411 occurred during the Ottoman Interregnum, or Ottoman Civil War, (20 July 1402 – 5 July 1413), when chaos reigned in the Ottoman Empire following the defeat of Sultan Bayezid I by the Central Asian warlord Timur. Although Mehmed Çelebi was confirmed as sultan by Timur after the Battle of Ankara, his brothers İsa Çelebi, Musa Çelebi, Süleyman Çelebi, and later, Mustafa Çelebi, refused to recognize his authority, each claiming the throne for himself. A civil war was the result. The Interregnum lasted until the Battle of Camurlu on 5 July 1413, when Mehmed Çelebi emerged as victor in the strife, crowned himself sultan Mehmed I, and restored peace to the empire.

## Background

Before the Battle of Ankara, the Byzantine Empire was a mere pawn of outside forces for several decades but after the defeat of the Ottomans by Timur, the Empire – for a short while – became a player in Ottoman domestic politics and intrigue. Sultan Bayezid conquered much territories in Europe and threatened Constantinople from all directions.
The Byzantine Emperor Manuel II Palaiologos supported Süleyman as claimant to the Ottoman throne. They signed the treaty of Gallipoli with the Byzantine regent John VII Palaiologos in 1403, as the emperor Manuel II Palaiologos was traveling in western Europe at the time. By this treaty, Süleyman gave up certain territories along the Marmara coast, as well as the major city of Thessaloniki to the Byzantine Empire in return for Byzantine support during the interregnum and declared himself sultan of the empire in Edirne, the capital in Rumeli of the Ottoman Empire. From the evidence presented above, it can be understood that the relationship between the Byzantine Empire and the Ottomans increased dramatically contemporarily.
Despite defeating his brother and rival for the Ottoman throne, Musa, at the Battle of Kosmidion in June 1410, Süleyman's popularity waned. So much so, that when Musa returned to avenge his defeat during the following year, Süleyman's supporters defected to Musa. Süleyman was captured while attempting to escape and was given to Musa's bodyguard, Koyun Musasi, and strangled to death on 17 February 1411.

## The siege

Musa found himself as the co-sultan of the European portion of the empire. Musa then retaliated against all who allied with Süleyman, including Manuel II, by briefly and fruitlessly laying siege to Constantinople in 1411. Manuel II turned to Mehmet for support, who betrayed Musa and set up a new alliance between himself and the Byzantines against Musa.
# Inge Görmer

Inge Görmer (born 11 April 1934) is a former East-German speedskater. She took part in five international championships. Four times as East-German at the World Allround Championships (1956, 1957, 1958 and 1959) and once, as member of the German Unified team, at the Winter Olympics (1960).

## History

At her international debut, during the Wch Allround of 1956 in Kvarnsveden, she finished 10th. A year later, during the op het Wch Allround of 1957 in Imatrankoski, she placed 15th, but the next year, in Kristinehamn, she had improved to become 7th. Her last World championship in Sverdlovsk, 1959 ended with a somewhat disappointing 23rd place, without being able to skate her favorite distance, the 3000 m. In her last active year, she competed at the first Olympic speed skating tournament open for women, the Squaw Valley 1960 Winter Olympics. Her she finished 16th (1500 m) and 13th (3000 m)

## East-German records

Over the course of her career, Görmer skated eight East-German national records, the last three of which were also All-German all-time best ever marks:
| Event | Result | Date | Venue |
| 1500 m | 3:05.4 | 14 February 1953 | Geising |
| 1000 m | 2:00.6 | 15 February 1953 | Geising |
| 1000 m | 1:53.0 | 26 February 1953 | Vienna |
| 5000 m | 11:50.4 | 7 February 1954 | Geising |
| 3000 m | 6:09.8 | 13 February 1954 | Svratka |
| 5000 m | 10:24.5 | 14 February 1954 | Svratka |
| 5000 m | 9:44.4 | 22 January 1955 | Medeo |
| 1500 m | 2:41.7 | 9 February 1958 | Kristinehamn |

## Personal records

To put these personal records in perspective, the column WR lists the official world records on the dates that Görmer skated her personal records.
| Event | Result | Date | Venue | WR |
| 500 m | 49.7 | 1 February 1960 | Davos | 45.6 |
| 1,000 m | 1:39.6 | 31 January 1960 | Davos | 1:33.4 |
| 1,500 m | 2:36.5 | 18 February 1960 | Squaw Valley | 2:25.2 |
| 3,000 m | 5:31.6 | 20 January 1960 | Davos | 5:13.8 |
| 5,000 m | 9:44.4 | 22 January 1955 | Medeo | 9:01.6 |
| Mini combination | 210.183 | 31 January 1960 | Davos | 196.416 |
| Old combination | 222.140 | 22 January 1955 | Medeo | 203.920 |