OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Ländereinführungsgesetz

The Ländereinführungsgesetz (English:State Astablishing Act), adopted on 22 July 1990 by the Volkskammer recreated the Länder in the German Democratic Republic where they had been abolished in 1952. Since the new länder were formed by merging the kreise of East Germany, their borders differ from the ones of 1947. Originally, it was supposed to come into force on 14 October. Eventually, this date was changed to 3 October, the date of reunification, by the Einigungsvertrag (English:Unification treaty).
The act also was supposed to regulate the relationship of the state and the federal level. As, however, it did not come into force before reunification, these parts of the act were immediately superseded by the corresponding articles of the Basic Law and never had any significance.
The full official title of the act is Verfassungsgesetz zur Bildung von Ländern in der Deutschen Demokratischen Republik (English: Constitutional Law for the Creation of States in the German Democratic Republic)

## Composition of the newly created states

| State | Previous Bezirke | Without the Kreise | Plus the Kreise |
| Mecklenburg-Vorpommern | Neubrandenburg, Rostock and Schwerin | Perleberg, Prenzlau and Templin | – |
| Brandenburg | Cottbus, Frankfurt/Oder and Potsdam | Hoyerswerda, Jessen and Weißwasser | Perleberg, Prenzlau and Templin |
| Sachsen-Anhalt | Halle and Magdeburg | Artern | Jessen |
| Sachsen | Dresden, Karl-Marx-Stadt/Chemnitz and Leipzig | Altenburg and Schmölln | Hoyerswerda and Weißwasser |
| Thüringen | Erfurt, Gera and Suhl | – | Altenburg, Artern and Schmölln |
# American International School of Bolivia

American International School of Bolivia (AIS/B, Spanish: Colegio Americano Internacional de Bolivia) is an American international school in Cochabamba, Bolivia. It serves grades Pre-Kindergarten–12.
# Nizhnegaleyevo

Nizhnegaleyevo (Russian: Нижнегалеево; Bashkir: Түбәнге Ғәле, Tübänge Ğäle) is a rural locality (a village) in Verkhnegaleyevsky Selsoviet, Zilairsky District, Bashkortostan, Russia. The population was 2 as of 2010. There is 1 street.

## Geography

Nizhnegaleyevo is located 73 km east of Zilair (the district's administrative centre) by road. Verkhnegaleyevo is the nearest rural locality.
# Alencheh

Alencheh (Persian: النچه; also known as Alenjeh, Alīnjeh, Alundzha, Alūnjeh, and Alunjeh) is a village in Aq Bolagh Rural District, Sojas Rud District, Khodabandeh County, Zanjan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 371, in 72 families.
# Gaming Charterhouse

Gaming Charterhouse (German: Kartause Gaming, also known as Kartause Maria Thron) is a former Carthusian monastery in Gaming near Scheibbs in the Mostviertel of Lower Austria.
The monastery was founded in 1330 by Albert II, Duke of Austria, who intended it as a dynastic burial place. He himself was buried there after his death in 1358, as were his wife Joanna of Pfirt (d. 1351) and his daughter-in-law Elisabeth of Bohemia (d. 1373). The first community, from Mauerbach Charterhouse in Vienna, comprised a double complement, under a prior, of 24 monks rather than the usual 12, and the scale of the buildings from the beginning reflected the monastery's size.
Gaming Charterhouse received extremely generous endowments from its founder, including much surrounding land in the valley of the Erlauf, and the town and market of Scheibbs.
It was dissolved in 1782 in the reforms of Emperor Joseph II. In 1797 the bodies of the founder, his wife and daughter-in-law were removed to the parish church of Gaming, and in 1825 the monastery and estate, including large areas of forest, passed into private ownership. In 1915 it was bought by the abbot of Melk Abbey.
In 1983 the monastery premises, but not the remaining estates, were bought by an Austrian architect, Walter Hildebrand, who has since worked on the restoration. The renovated premises are partly occupied by a hotel and partly by Franciscan University of Steubenville (main campus in Ohio, USA). Since 2004 there has also been a museum, with displays of the history of Gaming Charterhouse and of the Carthusians in general. Recently a Greek Catholic (Byzantine) chapel has been set up here.
# Kaliman Island

Kaliman Island (Bulgarian: остров Калиман, romanized: ostrov Kaliman, IPA:) is the triangular, flat rocky island extending 250 m in south-southeast to north-northwest direction and 80 m wide in Walker Bay, Livingston Island in Antarctica. It is named after Czar Kaliman Asen of Bulgaria (1241–1246 AD).

## Location

Kaliman Island is located at 62°37′31″S 60°39′44″W﻿ / ﻿62.62528°S 60.66222°W﻿ / -62.62528; -60.66222, which is 3.9 km northwest of Hannah Point, 9.5 km northeast of Bond Point and 4.62 km south of Snow Peak, and connected to Livingston Island on the north by a 600 m long moraine tombolo. Formed as result of the retreat of Verila Glacier in the first decade of 21st century. Bulgarian mapping in 2009 and 2017.

## Maps

* L.L. Ivanov. Antarctica: Livingston Island and Greenwich, Robert, Snow and Smith Islands. Scale 1:120000 topographic map. Troyan: Manfred Wörner Foundation, 2009.
* Antarctic Digital Database (ADD). Scale 1:250000 topographic map of Antarctica. Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research (SCAR). Since 1993, regularly upgraded and updated
* L.L. Ivanov. Antarctica: Livingston Island and Smith Island. Scale 1:100000 topographic map. Manfred Wörner Foundation, 2017.
# Goli Jan Rural District

Goli Jan Rural District (Persian: دهستان گليجان) is in the Central District of Tonekabon County, Mazandaran province, Iran. Its capital is the village of Soleymanabad.

## Demographics
### Population

At the time of the 2006 National Census, the rural district's population was 34,341 in 9,815 households. There were 24,342 inhabitants in 7,645 households at the following census of 2011. The 2016 census measured the population of the rural district as 23,643 in 8,230 households. The most populous of its 119 villages was Ammariyeh, with 2,395 people.
# Hermanni (Helsinki)

Hermanni (; Swedish: Hermanstad, Finland Swedish:) is a neighbourhood in Central major district of Helsinki, Finland. As of 2012, Hermanni has 5,124 inhabitants living in an area of 1.05 km$^2$. Hermanni is part of Vallila district.
Hermanni's well-known areas include Teurastamo, known as a popular food and city culture hub, which once housed the city's historic slaughterhouse from 1933 to 1992.
Helsinki Prison is located on the district. It opened in 1881 and is the only prison operating in Helsinki proper.

## Politics

Results of the 2011 Finnish parliamentary election in Hermanni:
* Green League 19.8%
* Left Alliance 19.8%
* Social Democratic Party 19.3%
* National Coalition Party 16.9%
* True Finns 12.7%
* Centre Party 3.3%
* Swedish People's Party 3.3%
* Christian Democrats 1.9%
# Postdoctoral researcher unionization

Postdoctoral researcher unionization is the formation of labor unions by postdoctoral researchers (postdocs). It has been driven by increasing competition for scarce tenure-track faculty positions, leading to more people residing in postdoctoral positions for a longer time. Unions often challenge the low pay, minimal benefits, and lack of job security that are typical of postdoctoral positions. Unionizing is however sometimes seen as creating a culture clash of tension between postdocs and their academic advisors, and some question the suitability of a union for a temporary position. Some universities seek to avoid pushes for unionization by proactively addressing the concerns of postdoctoral researchers.
Postdoctoral unions exist only at a few universities. They have often been formed with the help of other unions at the same institution; for example, before the University of Massachusetts Amherst union was formed, postdoctoral researchers were the only class of employees not already part of a union. The National Postdoctoral Association, which is a professional association rather than a labor union, is officially neutral on the issue of postdoctoral unionization. The Boston Postdoctoral Association, the largest 501c(6) postdoctoral organization and largest regional organization, has not publicly declared a position on postdoctoral organization.

## History

The first stand-alone postdoctoral researcher union was UAW Local 5810 at the University of California system. As of 2010 it represented about 6,400 postdoctoral researchers, which was estimated to be about 10% of the United States total, and is the largest postdoctoral researcher union in North America. Efforts to form this union had begun in the early 2000s, and it was officially formed in 2008. Its first contract was ratified in August 2010. This led to establishing a minimum salary with annual increases, the availability of insurance benefits, guaranteed vacation time, paid maternity leave, and just cause protections for discipline or dismissal.
Postdocs at Rutgers University unionized in July 2009. In 2010, a postdoctoral union at the University of Massachusetts Amherst was formed, and in 2012 it ratified a contract providing for salary and benefits, the first of its kind in the University of Massachusetts system. Postdoctoral unions also exist at the University of Connecticut Health Center and the University of Alaska in the United States, and at McMaster University, the University of Western Ontario, and the Université Laval in Canada. In 2018, the 1,100 postdocs at the University of Washington voted to unionize, becoming the second-largest postdoc union in the United States. Also in 2018, postdocs at Columbia University formed the first certified postdoctoral union at a private university in the United States after successfully petitioning the NLRB, and the postdocs at the University of Connecticut formed a union.
# 6159 Andréseloy

6159 Andréseloy (prov. designation: 1991 YH) is a Vesta asteroid from the inner regions of the asteroid belt, approximately 5.3 kilometers (3.3 miles) in diameter. It was discovered on 30 December 1991, by Japanese astronomers Seiji Ueda and Hiroshi Kaneda at Kushiro Observatory (399) on the island of Hokkaido, Japan. It was named after Mexican astronomer Andrés Eloy Martínez.

## Orbit and classification

Andréseloy is an attributed member of the Vesta family, one of the largest collisional populations of stony asteroids in the asteroid belt. It orbits the Sun in the inner main-belt at a distance of 2.1–2.4 AU (semi-major axis of 2.29 AU) once every 3 years and 6 months (1,267 days). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.06 and an inclination of 7° with respect to the ecliptic. The asteroid was first observed as 1987 UY$_4$ at Crimea–Nauchnij in 1987, extending the body's observation arc by 4 years prior to its official discovery observation at Kushiro.

## Naming

This minor planet was named in honor of Andrés Eloy Martínez, Mexican astronomer and citizen scientist. He is known in his country for the adaptation of the novel The War of the Worlds. He likes to create scientific videos for the Internet. His main concerns are global warming and the impact of an asteroid on Earth.

### Contest

The name was suggested by the Urania Astronomical Society (Spanish: Sociedad Astronomica Urania) of Mexico. This society was a winner of the NameExoWorlds contest organised by International Astronomical Union (IAU) in 2015, and was also awarded the naming right for this asteroid. In total, the naming of 17 minor planets such as 6117 Brevardastro was granted as an award to the contest's winners. The official naming citation was approved by the IAU's Committee on Small Body Nomenclature and published by the Minor Planet Center on 12 February 2017 (M.P.C. 103029).

## Physical characteristics

Andréseloy has been characterized as a common S-type asteroid.

### Rotation and poles

In March 2006, a rotational lightcurve of Andréseloy was obtained from photometric observations by American astronomer Brian Warner at this Palmer Divide Observatory (716), Colorado. Lightcurve analysis gave an average rotation period of 10.639 hours with a brightness variation of 0.78 magnitude (U=3). Such a high brightness amplitude typically indicates that the body has a non-spheroidal shape.

### Poles

In 2013, an international study modeled a lightcurve with a concurring period of 10.6590 hours and found a spin axis of (266.0°, 67.0°) and (62.0°, 67.0°) in ecliptic coordinates (λ, β) (Q=2).

### Diameter and albedo

According to the survey carried out by NASA's Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer with its subsequent NEOWISE mission, Andréseloy measures 5.263 kilometers in diameter and its surface has a high albedo of 0.484. The Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link assumes an albedo of 0.24 – derived from 8 Flora, the largest member and namesake of its family – and calculates a diameter of 5.41 kilometers with an absolute magnitude of 13.5.
# Thyssagetae

The Thyssagetae (Ancient Greek: Θυσσαγέται) were an ancient tribe described by Herodotus as occupying a district to the north-east of Scythia, separated from the Budini by a "desert" that took seven days to cross. The Thyssagetae therefore seem to have occupied the southern end of the Ural Mountains, north of the Caspian Sea.
According to the 19th Century archaeologist Sir Ellis Minns, the form of their name suggests that the Thyssagetae spoke an Iranian language, such as Scythian or Sarmatian, like the neighbouring Massagetae (on the north-east shores of the Caspian).
The 15th Century chronicler Giacomo Filippo Foresti (a.k.a. Jacobus Philippus Foresti da Bergamo) mentioned a river in the area named the Thisageta, and Minns suggested that the name of the Chusovaya (or Chussovaja) River in the Urals may be linked to the Thyssagetae.
According to Ellis Minns, while Herodotus claimed that four rivers from the land of the Thyssagetae flowed into the Maeotis (Sea of Azov), he appears to have been mistaken. He may have confused the Caspian Sea with the Maeotis, as one of the rivers, named the "Oarus", was almost certainly the Volga.
# Stambolovo, Haskovo Province

Stambolovo (Bulgarian: Стамболово, pronounced) is a village in central southern Bulgaria, part of Haskovo Province. It is the administrative centre of Stambolovo Municipality, which is located in the southwestern part of Haskovo Province. Stambolovo lies in the Eastern Rhodope Mountains, not far from the Upper Thracian Plain and 22 kilometres from the provincial capital of Haskovo.
The area has been continuously inhabited since antiquity, with Thracians, Romans, Byzantines, Bulgarians and Ottomans playing important roles in the area's history. Until 1906, the village was known as Eller; it was renamed after noted Bulgarian politician and Prime Minister of Bulgaria Stefan Stambolov (1854–1895).
* This Haskovo Province, Bulgaria location article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
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# Tetrapyrgia (Cappadocia)

Tetrapyrgia (Ancient Greek: Τετραπυργία, 'four towers') was a town in the district of Garsauria of ancient Cappadocia.
Its site is tentatively located near Kemeryayla, in Asiatic Turkey.
# Kukh-e Mamu

Kukh-e Mamu (Persian: كوخ مامو, also Romanized as Kūkh-e Māmū) is a village in Posht-e Arbaba Rural District, Alut District, Baneh County, Kurdistan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 357, in 64 families. The village is populated by Kurds.
# Seutula

Seutula (Swedish: Sjöskog) is a district in Vantaa, Finland, located inside the curve of the River Vantaa.
Seutula is also a village in the medieval town of Helsinki, stretching to Rajakoski in the north, Lavanko in the east covering the whole district of Kiila, and including Sotilaskorpi in the south. On the other hand, the western part of the river's curve, including the Königstedt Manor, belongs to the village of Riipilä.
Seutula is often considered a region stretching even outside the official district, and it has an active local community. In terms of government, Seutula, Riipilä, and Kiila belong to the Kivistö major district.
In the early 1950s, a new airfield for Helsinki was built along the Seutulantie road, stretching from Tuusulantie in Ruskeasanta to Seutula. This airfield was opened in 1952, and became the Helsinki Airport in 1977. Already during its construction, the airfield was commonly called the Seutula airfield, because Tuusulantie had a sign pointing to Seutula. In reality, the airfield was built about 8 kilometres southeast from Seutula, in the northern parts of Veromiehenkylä and Kirkonkylä. Nowadays, Lentokenttä (Finnish for "airfield") is its own district in Vantaa.
The name Seutula is often connected to prisons, although there never has been a prison in Seutula. The reason for the connection is that the airfield was mainly built using prisoner labour. Some of the prisoners used to build the airfield were public figures of the 1960s, convicted of driving under influence, bringing the activity to light. An open prison was located in Seutula until 2009. This prison was originally called a labour colony, and one of its inmates in the 1960s was Irwin Goodman, who had made records about the subject called Terveisiä Seutulasta ("greetings from Seutula") and Autolla Kanarian saarille ("to the Canary Islands by car"), with lyrics by Vexi Salmi.
# Revolutionary Party of Democratic Unification

The Revolutionary Party of Democratic Unification (Spanish: Partido Revolucionario de Unificación Democrática) was the ruling party in El Salvador during the 1950s and early 1960s.

## History

The party was established 1945 as the official party of the military rulers. In the 1950 general elections, its candidate Óscar Osorio won the presidential elections, whilst the party won 38 of the 52 seats in the Constitutional Assembly. It was the only party to contest the 1952 and 1954 legislative elections. In the 1956 presidential elections several opposition candidates were barred from standing by the Central Elections Council, allowing its candidate, José María Lemus, to win with over 95% of the vote. In the legislative elections that year it again won all 54 seats, despite facing opposition from the National Action Party.
The party won the 1958 legislative elections unopposed, and again won all 54 seats in the 1960 elections despite the NAP running again.

## Electoral history
### Presidential elections

| Election | Candidate | Votes | % | Result | Ref. |
| 1950 | Óscar Osorio | 345,139 | 56.45% | Elected Y | |
| 1956 | José María Lemus | 677,748 | 95.20% | Elected Y | |

### Legislative Assembly elections

| Election | Votes | % | Position | Seats | +/– | Status in legislature |
| 1950 | 345,139 | 56.45 | 1st | 38 / 52 | New | Supermajority government |
| 1952 | 700,979 | 100.00 | 1st | 54 / 54 | 16 | Supermajority government |
| 1954 | | 100.00 | 1st | 54 / 54 | 0 | Supermajority government |
| 1956 | 552,000 | 94.36 | 1st | 54 / 54 | 0 | Supermajority government |
| 1958 | 450,000 | 100.00 | 1st | 54 / 54 | 0 | Supermajority government |
| 1958 | 368,545 | 87.73 | 1st | 54 / 54 | 0 | Supermajority government |
# Hekmatabad-e Pain

Hekmatabad-e Pain (Persian: حكمت ابادپائين, also Romanized as Ḩekmatābād-e Pā’īn; also known as Ḩekmatābād) is a village in Rayen Rural District, Rayen District, Kerman County, Kerman Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 19, in 6 families.
# Nyshche

49°48′20″N 25°6′59″E﻿ / ﻿49.80556°N 25.11639°E﻿ / 49.80556; 25.11639
Nyshche (Ukrainian: Нище) is a selo (formerly a shtetl) on the Strypa River, upriver from the town of Zboriv in the historic region of Galicia in Ukraine.
It is situated in the Ternopil Raion of the Ternopil Oblast in western Ukraine. Nyshche belongs to Zboriv urban hromada, one of the hromadas of Ukraine.
Until 18 July 2020, Nyshche belonged to Zboriv Raion. The raion was abolished in July 2020 as part of the administrative reform of Ukraine, which reduced the number of raions of Ternopil Oblast to three. The area of Zboriv Raion was merged into Ternopil Raion.

## Notable people

* Samuel Roth (1893–1974), American anti-censorship publisher
# Drag/Helland Church

Drag/Helland Church (Norwegian: Drag/Helland kirke or Northern Sami: Ájluovta ja Ájlátte girkko) is a parish church of the Church of Norway in Hamarøy Municipality in Nordland county, Norway. It is located in the village of Drag. It is the church for the Drag/Helland parish which is part of the Ofoten prosti (deanery) in the Diocese of Sør-Hålogaland. The brown, wooden church was built in a long church style in 1972 using plans drawn up by the architect Åge Iversen. The church seats about 100 people.
# Deïmachus (mythology)

Deïmachus (Ancient Greek: Δηΐμαχος or Δαΐμαχος) may refer to several figures in Greek mythology:
* Deimachus, father of Enarete, wife of Aeolus.
* Deimachus, a Pylian prince and one of the sons of King Neleus and Chloris, daughter of Amphion. He was the brother of Alastor, Asterius, Epilaus, Eurybius, Eurymenes, Evagoras, Nestor, Periclymenus, Phrasius, Pylaon, Taurus and Pero. Along with his father and other brothers, except Nestor, he was by killed Heracles during the sack of Pylos.
* Deimachus, king of Tricca in Thessaly. He was the father of Autolycus, Deileon (Demoleon) and Phlogius, comrades of Heracles on his campaign against the Amazons.
* Deimachus, a Boeotian son of Eleon and a companion of Heracles. When the hero took part an expedition against Troy, Deimachus fell in battle. He left a son Scamander born from his lover of Glaucia, daughter of the river god Scamander.
# Cham Choqa

Cham Choqa (Persian: چمچقا, also Romanized as Cham Choqā; also known as Cham Choghā-ye Rīkā) is a village in Kuhdasht-e Jonubi Rural District, in the Central District of Kuhdasht County, Lorestan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 76, in 18 families.
# Eskibel

Eskibel (Spanish: Esquíbel) is a village in Álava, Basque Country, Spain. It forms part of the Southwestern Rural Zone [es] of Vitoria-Gasteiz. It is situated 7.5 km (4.7 mi) southwest of the city in a small valley surrounded by the Mountains of Vitoria.
Always sparsely populated, in the early 19th century it had only 22 inhabitants, in 1960 it had 10, and as of 2023 it has only 2. The village comprises a few small buildings and the ruins of the Church of San Lorenzo (Saint Lawrence). A medieval statue, known as the Virgin of Eskibel, was salvaged from the church ruins and can now be seen at the Diocesan Museum of Sacred Art in Vitoria-Gasteiz. Despite having the status of concejo, the elections scheduled for 2013 and 2017 were not held due to a lack of candidates.
Eskibel was the site of fighting in the Spanish War of Independence in the early 19th century and later during the Second Carlist War, when Vitoria was sieged by the Carlists. The Castillo de Gomecha at Eskibel is the remains of an old fortified watch tower.
# Deh-e Gowd, Rudbar-e Jonubi

Deh-e Gowd (Persian: ده گود, also Romanized as Deh Gowd; also known as Allāhābād, Deh-e Gowdāl, Deh Goo, Deh-i-Gāv, and Deh Ka’ū) is a village in Jazmurian Rural District, Jazmurian District, Rudbar-e Jonubi County, Kerman Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 413, in 92 families.