OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Fernando Quiroga Palacios

Fernando Quiroga Palacios (21 January 1900 – 7 December 1971) was a Spanish Cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church who served as Archbishop of Santiago de Compostela from 1949 until his death and was elevated to the cardinalate in 1953 by Pope Pius XII.

## Biography

Fernando Quiroga Palacios was born in San Pedro de Maceda, near Maceda, Ourense, and studied at the seminary in Ourense, the Pontifical University of Santiago de Compostela, and the Pontifical Biblical Institute in Rome. Ordained to the priesthood on 10 June 1922, he finished his studies in 1925. While doing pastoral work in Ourense, Quiroga was also a professor and spiritual advisor at the Ourense seminary from 1925 to 1942. In 1942, he was named lectoral canon of the cathedral chapter of Valladolid, where he also did pastoral and seminary work until 1945.
On 24 November 1945 Quiroga was appointed Bishop of Mondoñedo by Pope Pius XII. He received his episcopal consecration on 24 March 1946 from Archbishop Antonio García y García, assisted by Bishops Francisco Blanco Nájera and José Soutop Vizoso, in the shrine of the Gran Promesa del Sagrado Corazón. Quiroga was advanced to Archbishop of Santiago de Compostela on 4 June 1949, and later Cardinal Priest of Sant'Agostino by Pius XII in the consistory of 12 January 1953.
He served as papal legate to the Marian Congress in Manila, Philippines, during December 1954, and was one of the cardinal electors in the 1958 papal conclave. From 1962 to 1965, Quiroga attended the Second Vatican Council, during the course of which he participated in the conclave of 1963 that selected Pope Paul VI. The Cardinal was the first President of the Spanish Episcopal Conference, serving from 1966 to 1969.
Quiroga died in Madrid, at age 71. He is buried in the Cathedral of Santiago de Compostela.
# Our Last Spring

Our Last Spring (Greek: Ερόικα, translit. Eroica) is a 1960 Greek drama film directed by Michael Cacoyannis and based on the 1938 novel "Eroica" by Greek writer Kosmas Politis. It was entered into the 10th Berlin International Film Festival.

## Cast

* Alexandros Mamatis as Alekos
* Jenny Russell as Monika
* Nikiforos Naneris as Dimitris
* Panos Goumas as Loizos
* Patrick O'Brian as Sebastian
* Marie Ney as Norton
* Tasso Kavadia
* Lydia Vasileiadou
* Jane Cobb
* Robin Fife
* Nikos Ignatiadis
* Giannis Voglis
* Nikos Pilavios as Nestor
* Phaedon Georgitsis
* Michalis Nikolinakos
* Paris Pappis
* Nana Gatsi
# Norio Azuma

Norio Azuma (Japanese: 東 典男, November 28, 1928 – February 4, 2004) was a Japanese American painter and serigraph artist who worked in a modernist style.

## Early life and education

Azuma was born in Japan in Kii-Nagashima, Mie.
Azuma attended Kanazawa College of Art in Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan. He went on to study at the Chouinard Art Institute and continued his education at the Art Students League of New York.

## Career

Azuma is known for his printmaking, primarily in serigraphy. He has exhibited his work internationally, in venues such as the Tokyo Modern Museum of Art, the Corcoran Gallery of Art, and the Whitney Museum of American Art.
The artist died in New York on February 4, 2004.

## Collections

Four of his works are held by the Smithsonian American Art Museum in Washington, D.C. His work is also held by other museums including the National Gallery of Art the Brooklyn Museum, the Whitney Museum, the McNay Art Museum the Indianapolis Museum of Art, the Seattle Art Museum, among other institutions.
# Radio Free Asia (disambiguation)

Radio Free Asia is a United States government-funded news broadcaster in Asia in operation since 1996.
Radio Free Asia may also refer to:
* Radio Free Asia (Committee for a Free Asia), an anti-communist news agency operated from 1951 to 1955 by the United States Central Intelligence Agency
* Radio of Free Asia, sometimes also referred to as Radio Free Asia
# Magnus Erikssons landslag

Magnus Erikssons landslag ('Country Law of Magnus Eriksson'), also known as simply the Landslagen ('Country Law'), was a Swedish code of law passed by King Magnus Eriksson around 1341. It was the first attempt to apply a legal code to the entire nation of Sweden, replacing the previous local county laws under medieval Scandinavian law. The Country Law applied to the entire countryside, but not to the cities, which were governed according to the Stadslagen ('City Law'), which were issued in about the same time, but were separate. Kristofers landslag from 1442 was an amended version this law, in effect in Sweden until the Civil Code of 1734.
The royal oath that was stipulated in Magnus' country code said that:
   The King shall strengthen, love and look after all justice and truth and shall suppress all injustice and untruth and he shall be his peasantry faithful, so that he shall not destroy any poor or rich in any way to his life or limbs without being judged according to the law and he shall not take any property from anyone without being judged according to the law.
The law was divided into the following chapters (Swedish: balkar):
* Kyrkobalken - The Church
* Konungabalken - The King
* Giftermålsbalken - Marriage
* Ärvdabalken - Inheritance
* Jordabalken - Land
* Byggningabalken - Buildings
* Köpmålabalken - Merchants
* Tingmålabalken - Court
* Edsöresbalken - Breach of Peace
* Högmålsbalken - Capital cases
* Dråp med vilja - Intentional homicide
* Dråp med våda - Involuntary manslaughter
* Såramål med vilja - Deliberate Assault
* Såramål med våda - Accidental assault
* Tjuvabalken - Theft
# Biberach, Baden

Biberach (German pronunciation: , Low Alemannic: Biibere) is a municipality in the district of Ortenau in Baden-Württemberg in Germany.

## Mayors

* 1892–1904: Gustav Isidor Schweiß
* 1904–1913: Josef Ringwald
* 1913–1921: Gustav Karl Schweiß
* 1921–1923: Franz Xaver Jehle
* 1924–1930: Leonhard Willmann
* 1930–1935: Josef Himmelsbach
* 1935–1943: Theodor Seiberlich
* 1943–1946: Johann Dürrholder
* 1946–1953: Hermann Kühn
* 1953–1974: Karl Allgeier
* 1974–1998: Wolfgang Bösinger
* 1998–2014: Hans Peter Heizmann
* 2014–2022: Daniela Paletta
* since 2022: Jonas Breig
# Ministry of Finance of the Russian Empire

Ministry of Finance — one of the Russian Empire's central public institutions, in charge of financial and economic policy.
The ministry was established on 8 September 1802, and reorganized in 1810–11. By the end of the 19th century, it consisted of a:
* Ministerial Council
* General and Special Offices for Crediting
* Department of the State Treasury - controlling the movement of the funds and keeping the account for all the treasuries
* Department of Assessed contributions - for taxes and Zemstvo duties
* Department of Customs Duties
* Department of Railway Affairs
* Department of Unassessed taxes and for State sales of Spirits
* Central Weights and Measures Board
* number of permanent Committees and Councils.
# Tootinaowaziibeeng Treaty Reserve

The Tootinaowaziibeeng Treaty Reserve (Ojibwe: Dootinaawi-ziibiing) is a First Nation located 35 km east of Roblin, Manitoba, 74 km west of Dauphin, Manitoba, and approximately 5 km north of PTH #5. Tootinaowaziibeeng is a Treaty 4 First Nation.
Its main reserve is Valley River 63A, which is bordered by the Rural Municipalities of Grandview and Hillsburg, as well as by the Duck Mountain Provincial Forest on its north side. The Valley River runs through the First Nation starting in the northwestern corner and exiting at the southeast.
The total population of the First Nation is approximately 1600, of which about half are at the Valley River reserve and the remainder at various locations off-reserve.

## Valley River 63A

Valley River 63A is the main reserve of Tootinaowaziibeeng Treaty Reserve. It is located 320 km (200 mi) northwest from Winnipeg, and has an area of 46.681 km$^2$ (11,535 acres).
It is bordered by the municipalities of Grandview and Roblin, as well as by the Duck Mountain Provincial Forest on its north side. The Valley River runs through the community, starting in the northwestern corner and exiting at the southeast.
# Hasel Qubi-ye Afshar

Hasel Qubi-ye Afshar (Persian: حاصل قوبي افشار, also Romanized as Ḩāşel Qūbī-ye Afshār; also known as Ḩāşel Qū’ī and Ḩāşel Qū'ī-ye Afshār) is a village in Marhemetabad Rural District, in the Central District of Miandoab County, West Azerbaijan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 1,281, in 305 families.
# Chernovskoye, Perm Krai

Chernovskoye (Russian: Черновское) is a rural locality (a selo) and the administrative center of Chernovskoye Rural Settlement, Bolshesosnovsky District, Perm Krai, Russia. The population was 1,661 as of 2021. There are 25 streets.

## Geography

Chernovskoye is located 22 km south of Bolshaya Sosnova (the district's administrative centre) by road. Osinovka is the nearest rural locality.
# Carbonyl fluoride

Carbonyl fluoride is a chemical compound with the formula COF$_2$. It is a carbon oxohalide. This gas, like its analog phosgene, is colourless and highly toxic. The molecule is planar with C$_{2v}$ symmetry, bond lengths of 1.174 Å (C=O) and 1.312 Å (C–F), and an F–C–F bond angle of 108.0°.

## Preparation and properties

Carbonyl fluoride is usually produced as a decomposition product of fluorinated hydrocarbons in the thermal decomposition thereof, for example from trifluoromethanol or tetrafluoromethane in the presence of water:
    CF$_4$ + H$_2$O → COF$_2$ + 2 HF
Carbonyl fluoride can also be prepared by reaction of phosgene with hydrogen fluoride and the fluorination of carbon monoxide, although the latter tends to result in over-fluorination to carbon tetrafluoride. The fluorination of carbon monoxide with silver difluoride is convenient:
    CO + 2 AgF$_2$ → COF$_2$ + 2 AgF
Carbonyl fluoride is unstable in the presence of water, hydrolyzing to carbon dioxide and hydrogen fluoride:
    COF$_2$ + H$_2$O → CO$_2$ + 2 HF

## Safety

Carbonyl fluoride is very toxic with a recommended exposure limit of 2 ppm as an 8-hour time weighted average and a 5 ppm as a short-term (15-minute average) exposure, where 1 ppm = 2.70 mg of carbonyl fluoride per 1 m$^3$ of air.
# Pamela Kirkham, 16th Baroness Berners

Pamela Vivien Kirkham, 16th Baroness Berners (née Williams; 30 September 1929 – 23 January 2023) was a British hereditary peer who worked as a nurse in the National Health Service. She was a member of the House of Lords from 1995 to 1999.

## Family and career

Born in Gloucestershire, she was the elder daughter of Vera Ruby Tyrwhitt, 15th Baroness Berners, and Harold Williams JP. She was educated at Stonar School and Radcliffe Infirmary in Oxford, where she qualified as a State Registered Nurse in 1951, thereafter working in the National Health Service.
In 1952 she married Captain Michael Kirkham, an officer in the Derbyshire Yeomanry. They had three children.

## Peerage and succession

Upon her mother's death in 1992, the ancient Berners barony by writ of summons fell into abeyance between Pamela and her younger sister, Rosemary, the wife of Kelvin Pollock FCA. As is customary in such uncontested cases, the House of Lords Committee of Privileges terminated the abeyance in favour of the elder daughter. Pamela succeeded her mother as Lady Berners in 1995. She joined the Conservative benches in the House of Lords, where she sat until 1999, speaking about health and nursing matters.
Berners died from a stroke on 23 January 2023, at the age of 93. Her title passed to her elder son, Rupert William Tyrwhitt Kirkham, who on 12 February 1994 had married Lisa Lipsey, daughter of the decorated United States Air Force pilot, Colonel Edward Lipsey.
# Barbara Abney-Hastings, 13th Countess of Loudoun

Barbara Huddleston Abney-Hastings, 13th Countess of Loudoun (3 July 1919 – 1 November 2002), was a Scottish countess in her own right, and a member of the House of Lords. Lady Loudoun was the oldest daughter of Reginald Mowbray Chichester Huddleston and Edith Abney-Hastings, 12th Countess of Loudoun. Her father took her mother's last name. Her only brother, Ian Huddleston Abney-Hastings, styled Lord Mauchline (1918–1944), was killed in Italy in World War II, so as the eldest sister, Barbara succeeded to the earldom in 1960.
Lady Loudoun was a member of the House of Lords until 1999, when the right of hereditary peers to sit in the Lords was abolished. She sat as a cross-bencher, and was concerned with social justice. She lived in Ashby-de-la-Zouch, Leicestershire.

## Ancestry

On her mother's side, she was descended from and heir-general of George Plantagenet, 1st Duke of Clarence. Her other notable ancestors include Mary Tudor, Queen of France; King James IV of Scotland; William Cecil, 1st Baron Burghley; and Alice Spencer, Countess of Derby.

## Marriages and children

Lady Loudoun married three times. She married, firstly, Captain Walter Strickland Lord on 5 September 1939. They had one child:
* Michael Abney-Hastings, 14th Earl of Loudoun (1942–2012)
Her second marriage was on 21 November 1945 to Captain Gilbert Frederick Greenwood. They had two children:
* Lady Selina Mary Abney-Hastings (b. 1946)
* Hon. Frederick James Abney-Hastings (b. 1949)
Her third and final marriage was to Peter Griffiths on 15 September 1954. They had three children:
* Lady Margaret Maud Abney-Hastings (b. 1956)
* Lady Mary Joy Abney-Hastings (b. 1957)
* Lady Clare Louise Abney-Hastings (b. 1958)
On her death, she was succeeded by her oldest son.
# Adur Gushnasp

Adur Gushnasp (Middle Persian: 𐭠𐭲𐭥𐭫𐭩 𐭦𐭩 𐭢𐭱𐭭𐭮𐭯 ʾtwly ZY gšnsp Ādur ī Gušnasp; New Persian: آذرگشسب Āzargušasb) was the name of a Zoroastrian sacred fire of the highest grade (Atash Behram), which served as one of the three most sacred fires of pre-Islamic Iran; the two others being the Adur Farnbag and Adur Burzen-Mihr. Out of the three, Adur Gushnasp is the only fire whose temple structure has been discovered and "for which archaeological, sigillographical, and textual evidence are all available."

## History
### Location and purpose

The temple, constructed by the Sasanian kings, was located in the city of Shiz in Adurbadagan, now present-day Takht-e Soleymān in the West Azerbaijan province. It served as a prominent site of pilgrimage. The identification of the site of Takht-e Soleyman with that of the fire temple of Adur Gushnasp became clear when a Sasanian era-bullae was discovered there, which had the following engraving "High-priest of the house of the fire of Gushnasp" (mowbed i xanag i Adur i Gushnasp).

### Origin

The fire is not mentioned in early Sasanian sources, and archaeology suggests that the fire was first taken to the site in Adurbadagan in the late 4th or early 5th-century. Under the Sasanians, the fire was linked with the warrior class (arteshtār), which the Sasanian dynasty itself belonged to. In the same fashion as the Arsacids on Adur Burzen-Mihr, the Sasanian kings bestowed gifts on the temple of Adur Gushnasp, the first recorded king being Bahram V (r. 420–438). The latter is mentioned in several instances related to the fire, such as celebrating Nowruz and Sadeh there, and also entrusting the high priest to convert his Indian wife. Khosrow I (r. 531–579) reportedly visited the fire before launching a military expedition.
He also bestowed on the fire temple an extensive amount that was part of the tribute which the Byzantines paid the Sasanians. Kings were not the only ones who made offerings to the fire; according to the Saddar Bundahesh, it is recommended that when praying to reclaim eyesight to swear, "I shall make an eye of gold and send it to Adur Gushnasp" or, in order to make a child become astute and sensible, send a present to the fire. The fire temple of Adur Gushnasp was renowned for its immense amount of wealth in Byzantine and Islamic sources.

### Sack by the Byzantines

The fire temple was sacked in 623/4 by Heraclius during the Byzantine–Sasanian War of 602–628. The Iranians succeeded in saving the fire, which they later restored to the temple, which was quickly rebuilt. The apocalyptical Middle Persian text Zand-i Wahman yasn may report some form of contemporary memory of the destruction of the temple; "They will remove Adur Gushnasp from its place . . . on account of (the devastation of) these armies, Adur Gushnasp will be carried to Padishkhwargar."

### Decline and fall

The fire continued to burn for a long period in the Islamic era, but persecution eventually increased, and by the late 10th-century, or early 11th-century, the fire had most likely been quenched. Not long after, a local Muslim ruler used the remains of the temple to erect a palace on the hilltop.
# Terai Madhes Sadbhavana Party

The Terai Madhesh Sadbhavana Party Nepal (Nepali: तराई मधेश सद्भावना पार्टी) was a political party in Nepal from 2013 to 2017. It was led by Mahendra Raya Yadav. It was formed through the merger of Terai Madhesh Loktantrik Party Nepal, a splinter group of Terai Madhesh Loktantrik Party and Rastriya Sadbhavana Party, a splinter group of Sadbhavana Party.
The Terai Madhes Sadbhavana Party won 3 seats in the 2013 Nepalese Constituent Assembly election.
On 21 April 2017 the party merged with Tarai Madhes Loktantrik Party, Nepal Sadbhawana Party, Sadbhavana Party, Madhesi Janaadhikar Forum (Republican) and Rastriya Madhesh Samajwadi Party to form Rastriya Janata Party Nepal.

## Electoral performance

| Election | Leader | Votes | Votes | Seats | Position | Resulting government |
| Election | Leader | # | % | # | Position | Resulting government |
| 2013 | Mahendra Raya Yadav | 62,746 | 0.66 | 3 / 575 | 17th | Congress–CPN (UML)–RPP |
# Girl's Night Out (2015 film)

Girl's Night Out (Spanish: Cómo sobrevivir a una despedida) is a 2015 Spanish comedy film directed by Manuela Moreno [es] which stars Natalia de Molina, Úrsula Corberó, María Hervás, Celia de Molina and Brays Efe.

## Plot

Gisela, Nora, Marta, Tania and Mateo are a group of friends who have not achieved what they dreamed of in the past: a good job, a boyfriend like the one from Fifty Shades of Gray and living in a big downtown. As mileuristas, the only thing they have achieved is sharing a flat, working as interns, going out with guys who are allergic to commitment and buying clothes only during sales. But Nora and her friends don't give in to the harsh reality. The first thing they propose is to organize an unforgettable bachelorette party for Gisela, the most responsible of the group. And the chosen destination is Gran Canaria.

## Cast

* Celia de Molina as Gisela
* Natalia de Molina as Nora
* Úrsula Corberó as Marta
* María Hervás as Tania
* Brays Efe as Mateo
* Jim Arnold as Roman
* Javier Bódalo as Jonathan
* Daniel Pérez Prada as Lucas
* Roger Berruezo as Rai
* José Lamuño as Yago
* Emma Bunton as herself
* Miki Nadal as talent show host

## Release

Distributed by DeAPlaneta, it was theatrically released in Spain on 24 April 2015.

## Reception

Pere Vall of Fotogramas rated Girl's Night Out 3 out of 5 stars, considering that the film starts off like a rocket and then has a hard time keeping up.
# University of Science and Technology (Sudan)

The University of Science and Technology - Omdurman is a non-profit organization which was founded in March 1995. The founder and chairman of the university is Elmutaz Elberier.

## Foundation

The University of Science and Technology is located in Omdurman (Standard Arabic Umm Durmān أم درمان), the largest city in Sudan and Khartoum State. It aims to expand the base of computer and applied science; starting with the faculties of information technology, computer science and computer engineering which became known as the electrical and electronic engineering faculties; with four departments (communication, medical engineering, electronic and computer engineering and computer programming).

## Growth

Then the university opened new specialties such as Medical Laboratories Science and medicine were followed by it after ten years of two programs Dentistry and Pharmacy.
The year 2001 saw the start of the architecture program and then in 2002 came the business administration program. In 2005 another department was added to the engineering faculty which is a chemical engineering.

## Faculty

* Faculty of Medicine
* Faculty of Dentistry
* Faculty of Pharmacy
* Faculty of Medical Laboratory Science
* Faculty of Engineering
* Faculty of Computer Science and Information Technology
* Faculty of Administrative Sciences
* Faculty of Graduate Studies

## Centers
### Research Centers

* Modern Agricultural Technology Center
* UST Center For AIDS Research
* UST Center For Malaria Research
* Diseased tissue and cell center
* Center for Population and Development Studies
* Center for Omdurman Studies

### Administrative Centers

* Information Technology Center
* English Language Service Center
* E-Learning and Distance Learning Center
* Al-Barir Cultural Center
# Home Review

The Home Review (Swedish: Tidskrift för hemmet) was a Swedish women's magazine, published from 1859 to 1885. It was the first women's magazine in the Nordic countries and its inception is sometimes regarded as the foundation of Sweden's women's movement. It was sometimes published as the Swedish Woman's Home Review (Tidskrift för hemmet tillegnad den svenska qvinnan) and after 1868 was known as the Nordic Women's Home Review (Tidskrift för hemmet tillegnad Nordens qvinnor).

## History

The Home Review was founded by Sophie Adlersparre and Rosalie Olivecrona in Stockholm in 1859. It treated issues within women's rights and gender equality such as women's education, property rights, and legal status. Aside from this, the magazine also contained novels, serials, and popular science. It also featured poems and short stories. In 1886, the magazine was replaced by Dagny, the paper of the Fredrika Bremer Association. Dagny was renamed Hertha in 1914 after Fredrika Bremer's novel by the same name.
# Gashkaseh

Gashkaseh (Persian: گشكسه; also known as Kashkaseh) is a village in Nameh Shir Rural District, Namshir District, Baneh County, Kurdistan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 232, in 36 families. The village is populated by Kurds.
# Gornyak Rudny

Hockey Club Gornyak (Kazakh: Горняк хоккей клубы, Russian: Хоккейный клуб Горняк), commonly referred as Gornyak Rudny, is a professional ice hockey team that plays in the Pro Hokei Ligasy, the top level of ice hockey in Kazakhstan. They were founded in 1958, when Kazakhstan was part of the Soviet Union. Their team colors are black, white and red. They play at the Rudny Ice Palace.

## Head coaches

* Sergei Mogilnikov, 2003–07