OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# 1860 in New Zealand

"none" is preferred when the title is sufficiently descriptive
The following lists events that happened during 1860 in New Zealand.

## Incumbents
### Regal and viceregal

* Head of State — Queen Victoria
* Governor — Colonel Thomas Gore Browne leaves office on 3 October to take up the post of Governor of Tasmania. His successor is Sir George Grey who takes up the position in December.

### Government and law

The general election of 1860–1861 begins on 12 December but does not conclude until 28 March the following year. The 2nd Parliament continues until the completion of the election.
* Speaker of the House — The sitting Speaker, Sir Charles Clifford, does not stand for re-election. He will be replaced in 1861 by Sir David Monro.
* Premier — Edward Stafford.
* Minister of Finance — William Richmond.
* Chief Justice — Hon George Arney

## Events

* 2 January: The Auckland Independent ceases publishing. It began in 1859.
* 6 January: The Marlborough Press publishes its first issue. The paper continues until 1948.
* 8 January: Julius von Haast begins his journey of exploration of the West Coast.
* 17 March: The assault on Te Kohia pā marks the beginning of the First Taranaki War.
* 28 March: Battle of Waireka.
* 27 June: The battle of Puketakauere is a major setback for Imperial forces.
* 28 December: Imperial forces capture Matarikoriko Pā, near Waitara.

### Undated

* The Nelson Advertiser is a short-lived newspaper in the Nelson, New Zealand area.

## Arts and literature
### Music

* A choral society is formed in Wellington.
* The Canterbury Vocal Union is formed by nine men in Christchurch. It shortly afterwards merges with the St. Cecilia Society and will eventually become the Royal Christchurch Music Society.

## Sport
### Cricket

The first inter-provincial cricket game is played between Auckland and Wellington. Auckland win.

### Horse racing

The New Zealand Derby is held for the first time, at Riccarton Racecourse. This is the first race in New Zealand to have a continuous annual history.

#### Major race winner

* New Zealand Derby – Ada

### Lawn bowls

Bowls is first known to have been played in the country, in Auckland.

### Shooting

The Government recommends that prizes be given for rifle shooting. This leads to the first National Rifle Shooting Championships in 1861.

## Births

* 11 September: James Allan, rugby union player

## Deaths

* 8 January: Louis Catherin Servant, Catholic priest and missionary
* 30 May: Karetai, tribal leader
* 25 June: Pōtatau Te Wherowhero, first Māori King
* 6 August: William Cargill, British soldier, Otago founder and politician
* 7 August: Charles Southwell, English-born journalist, freethinker and newspaper publisher
* 4 November (in Tianjin, China): Arthur Saunders Thomson, military surgeon, medical scientist, writer and historian
* 26 December: Barnet Burns, English sailor and trader

### Unknown date

* Te Rei Hanataua, tribal leader
# Shivehju

Shivehju (Persian: شيوه جو, also Romanized as Shīvehjū) is a village in Melkari Rural District, Vazineh District, Sardasht County, West Azerbaijan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 124, in 19 families.
# Mounir Fakhry Abdel Nour

Mounir Fakhry Abdel Nour (Arabic: منير فخري عبد النور; born 21 August 1945) is an Egyptian businessman and politician.

## Early life and education

Abdel Nour was born into a Coptic Christian family on 21 August 1945. His father, Amin Fakhry Abdel Nour (1912 – 2012), was a Wafdist politician.
He graduated from a French high school in Cairo. He received a bachelor's degree from Cairo University's Faculty of Economics and Political Science. He holds a master's degree from the American University in Cairo (AUC) with a thesis entitled "private foreign investment as a source of economic development."

## Career

Abdel Nour is a businessman. He began his career as representative in Egypt and the Middle East for the French bank "Banque de l'Union Européenne" then joined American Express International Banking Corporation as vice president in Egypt. He later founded Egyptian Finance Company. In 1983 he founded the Egyptian French Company for Agro-Industries (Vitrac Company) He was board member of the Cairo and Alexandria stock exchange, the Federation of Egyptian Industries, the center for economic studies of developing countries at Cairo university.
Abdel Nour then joined politics. He run for office in the 1995 elections, but lost. He won a seat in the 2000 general elections. and was elected Head of the opposition in Parliament. Later he was elected secretary-general of the Wafd Party. After 25 January revolution he was appointed minister of tourism in the cabinet led by then prime minister Ahmed Shafiq in February 2011. Abdel Nour succeeded Zoheir Garranah in the post. He remained in his post in the cabinets headed by Essam Sharaf followed by Kamal Ganzouri until 2 August 2012.
He refused to participate in the government of the Moslem Brothers headed by Hisham Kandil and joined the opposition. He participated in the founding of the "National Salvation Front" on 23 November 2012 and was later chosen as its Secretary General. In this capacity he was among the organizers of the 30 June 2013 uprising that ended the rule of the Moslem Brothers.
In February 2013 he joined the Cabinet headed by Ibrahim Mahlab as Minister of Trade, Industry and Investment and will retain the portfolio of Trade and Industry until 18 September 2015. On 16 July 2013, he was appointed as the minister of Industry and Foreign Trade in the interim cabinet headed by prime minister Hazem Al Beblawi.
# The Strawberry Tree

The Strawberry Tree (Spanish: El árbol de las fresas) is a 2011 experimental film directed by Simone Rapisarda Casanova. The film premiered at the 2011 Locarno Film Festival.

## Subject

A year after Hurricane Ike swept their village away, fishermen from Juan Antonio, Cuba, recall their vanished homes and daily lives. Their memories call forth images that had been shot just a few days before the devastation. However, the ethnographic documentary film that ensues is neither predictable nor conventional. For the filmmaker-ethnographer has rejected the use of scripts of any kind and has become entangled in a paradoxical dialogue with his subjects. The poor yet educated Cuban fishermen prove to be familiar with ethnography and documentary film techniques and continuously interact with the filmmaker. The traditional fly-on-the-wall paradigm is thus both defeated and rendered obsolete.

## Production

Rapisarda Casanova’s stylistic hallmarks include his elliptical, metacinematic approach to storytelling, his use of non-actors, diegetic off-screen sound, meticulously-composed static single-takes, low camera angles and careful elaboration of natural light and colour. His approach to filmmaking is mostly process-driven, after careful research of the thematic base. The intent behind such stylistic and methodological choices is to create cinematic occasions where people and places may reveal their deepest nature.

## Release and critical response

In 2011, The Strawberry Tree was screened at the Locarno Film Festival and the International Documentary Film Festival Amsterdam. In 2012 it screened at the Los Angeles Film Festival and the Miami Film Festival, and it received the Most Promising Filmmaker Award at the Ann Arbor Film Festival. The film ranked 33rd in Film Comment's list of the "50 Best Undistributed Films of 2012".

### Awards

* Most Promising Filmmaker award, Ann Arbor Film Festival, MI, USA
* NFB Award for Most Innovative Canadian Documentary, DOXA Documentary Film Festival, Vancouver, Canada
* Best Documentary award, Cine Las Americas International Film Festival, Austin, TX, USA
* Grand Jury Honorable Mention, Miami International Film Festival, FL, USA

### Collections

* Bibliothèque nationale de France
* Library and Archives Canada
# Mikhaylovsky District, Altai Krai

Mikhaylovsky District (Russian: Миха́йловский райо́н) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the fifty-nine in Altai Krai, Russia. It is located in the southwest of the krai. The area of the district is 3,100 square kilometers (1,200 sq mi). Its administrative center is the rural locality (a selo) of Mikhaylovskoye. Population: 21,211 (2010 Census); 23,797 (2002 Census); 24,044 (1989 Soviet census). The population of Mikhaylovskoye accounts for 52.0% of the district's total population.

## Geography

Pink lake Malinovoye and lake Gornostalevo are located in the district.
# Sande Station

Sande Station (Norwegian: Sande stasjon) is a railway station on the Vestfold Line in the village of Sande in Holmestrand Municipality in Vestfold county, Norway. The station is served with regional trains on the RE11 line operated by Vy.
The original station building opened in 1881, but a new station was built in 2001 as part of the new Vestfold Line through Sande.
# San Sai Noi

San Sai Noi (Thai: สันทรายน้อย) is a tambon (subdistrict) of San Sai District, in Chiang Mai Province, Thailand. In 2005 it had a population of 13,950 people. The tambon contains seven villages.
# 1866 in New Zealand

"none" is preferred when the title is sufficiently descriptive
The following lists events that happened during 1866 in New Zealand.

## Incumbents
### Regal and viceregal

* Head of State — Queen Victoria
* Governor — Sir George Grey

### Government and law

The 1866 election is held between 12 February and 6 April. After the election the 4th Parliament commences.
* Speaker of the House — David Monro is knighted during the year and becomes Sir David Monro.
* Premier — Edward Stafford
* Minister of Finance — William Fitzherbert replaces Francis Jollie on 24 August. Jollie had only replaced Edward Stafford on 12 June.
* Chief Justice — Hon Sir George Arney

### Main centre leaders

* Mayor of Dunedin — William Mason

## Events

* The Canterbury Standard ceases publication. The Christchurch newspaper started in 1854.
* 5 March: The Nelson Evening Mail publishes its first issue. The Mail was the first daily newspaper published in Nelson. It changed its name to The Nelson Mail in 1993, and continues to publish today.
* 18 March: The Greymouth Evening Star publishes its first issue. The newspaper continues to publish today.
* 21 April: The Marlborough Express publishes its first issue. It became daily in 1880, and continues to publish today.
* May: The New Zealander stops publishing after its office burns down. The Auckland-based newspaper started publishing in 1845.
* 26 August: The Cook Strait telegraph cable between Whites Bay, Marlborough and Lyall Bay, Wellington is inaugurated for inter-island telegrams.
* 22 September: The Ross Guardian starts publication. The newspaper continued until 1879.
* 12 October: The Battle of Omaranui takes place near Napier.

## Sport
### Horse racing
#### Major race winners

* New Zealand Cup winner: Naurmahal
* New Zealand Derby winner: Nebula

### Rowing

The Union Rowing Club of Christchurch is formed.
Star Boating Club is established, as of 2009 the oldest sporting club in Wellington.

### Shooting

Ballinger Belt: Sergeant Christie (Otago)

## Births

* 1 April: William Blomfield, cartoonist (d. 1938)
* 1 July: John Lillicrap, 29th Mayor of Invercargill.
* 14 September: – William Montgomery Jr., politician

## Deaths

* 20 August: Richard Barton, first European resident of Trentham, Upper Hutt (born 1790)
* 14 November (in England): Charles Torlesse, prominent surveyor for the Canterbury Association (born 1825)
* 9 December: Henry Monson, gaoler (born 1793)
# Mari-Tureksky District

Mari-Tureksky District (Russian: Мари́-Туре́кский райо́н; Meadow Mari: Марий Тӱрек кундем, Marij Türek kundem) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the fourteen in the Mari El Republic, Russia. It is located in the east of the republic. The area of the district is 1,500 square kilometers (580 sq mi). Its administrative center is the urban locality (an urban-type settlement) of Mari-Turek. As of the 2010 Census, the total population of the district was 23,155, with the population of Mari-Turek accounting for 22.3% of that number.

## Administrative and municipal status

Within the framework of administrative divisions, Mari-Tureksky District is one of the fourteen in the republic. It is divided into one urban-type settlement (an administrative division with the administrative center in the urban-type settlement (inhabited locality) of Mari-Turek) and 5 rural okrugs, all of which comprise 119 rural localities. As a municipal division, the district is incorporated as Mari-Tureksky Municipal District. Mari-Turek Urban-Type Settlement is incorporated into an urban settlement, and the five rural okrugs are incorporated into five rural settlements within the municipal district. The urban-type settlement of Mari-Turek serves as the administrative center of both the administrative and municipal district.

## Notable residents

* Vyacheslav Kislitsyn (born 1948), President of Mari El 1997–2001, born in Kosolapovo
# Spanish Badminton Federation

The Spanish Badminton Federation (FESBA, Spanish: Federación Española de Bádminton) is the governing body for the sport of badminton in Spain. The organization hosts the annual Spanish International Badminton Tournament and has also hosted the 2001 and 2006 IBF World Championships.
As of 2022, the federation has 306 registered clubs and 9,715 federated badminton players.

## Tournaments

* Spanish International Badminton Tournament (Spain International), first held in 1974.
* Spain Masters, a new tournament first held in 2018 and also part of BWF World Tour.

## Presidents

Four presidents have served in the organization since 1986.
| No. | Name | Years |
| 1 | José Luis Vila Piñeiro | 1984 - 1996 |
| 2 | Francisco Carracedo Arranz | 1997 - 1999 |
| 3 | Manuel Hernández Vázquez | 1999 - 2004 |
| 4 | David Cabello | 2004 - present |
# Pustynga

Pustynga (Russian: Пустыньга) is a rural locality (a village) in the Muravyovskoye Rural Settlement of Velsky District, Arkhangelsk Oblast, Russia. The population was 54 as of 2014.

## Geography

Pustynga is located 19 km northeast of Velsk (the district's administrative centre) by road. Vazhskaya Zapan is the nearest rural locality.
# Zavaliv

Zavaliv (Ukrainian: Завалів) (formerly Polish: Zawałów) is a village (formerly a town) in the western part of Ternopil Raion (district) of Ternopil Oblast (province) of western Ukraine. The village is situated on the right bank of Zolota Lypa (stands for "Golden Lime Tree") river, 18 km away from the district center of Pidhaitsi. Zavaliv belongs to Pidhaitsi urban hromada, one of the hromadas of Ukraine.
Hamlet Kamiana Hora was united with the village. Due to the resettlement of people, hamlet Zamche was removed from the registration data.
* Population of Zavaliv is 472 people
* Founded in 1395
* Telephone code is +380 3542
* Postal code is 48023

## History

In 1725 Zavaliv was granted Magdeburg rights. In the second half of the 19th century, there were 191 houses and 1285 inhabitants (698 Ukrainian Greek-Catholics, 587 mainly Polish (some Ukrainian) Roman Catholics, 12 Germans, 17 Jews and a few Armenians) in the village. Zavaliv had a stone-built Polish Roman Catholic church and Ukrainian Greek-Catholic Church of Saint Nicholas the Wonderworker.
The history of intelligent, highly cultured family of Dmytro Huzar (1823–1908) is extremely interesting. He was the pastor of the village Zavaliv and now rests in peace on the village's cemetery, together with his beloved wife. Lubomyr Husar is his great-grandson. Dmytro Huzar arrived to Zavaliv in 1856. Served there in the parish until 1908. At the moment of arrival he already had two sons, Volodymyr and Yevhen. His son Lev (grandfather of Lubomyr Husar) and daughter Olha (in future - writer, translator, wife of Volodymyr Levytskyi) were born in Zavaliv. His Eminent Beatitude Lubomyr Husar visited Zavaliv and prayed for his relatives in the cemetery.
Ukrainian writer Ivan Franko visited the village during the Easter holiday of 1883 and a month later, he wrote an article about two remarkable icons of local St. Nicholas church.
Until 1990 Zavaliv belonged to Berezhany Raion. Until 18 July 2020, Zavaliv belonged to Pidhaitsi Raion. The raion was abolished in July 2020 as part of the administrative reform of Ukraine, which reduced the number of raions of Ternopil Oblast to three. The area of Pidhaitsi Raion was merged into Ternopil Raion.

## Notable residents

* Antin Manastyrskyi (1878–1969), Ukrainian folk artist, painter, and graphic artist
# Karan, Buzdyaksky District, Republic of Bashkortostan

Karan (Russian: Каран; Bashkir: Ҡаран, Qaran) is a rural locality (a selo) and the administrative centre of Karansky Selsoviet, Buzdyaksky District, Bashkortostan, Russia. The population was 358 as of 2010. There are 5 streets.

## Geography

Karan is located 18 km north of Buzdyak (the district's administrative centre) by road. Uranovo is the nearest rural locality.
# Frida High School

Frida High School (Swedish: Fridagymnasiet) is a private secondary school located in Vänersborg, Sweden. It was started in 2006 and is part of the greater concern Frida Utbildning AB, which also operates three elementary schools in Trestad. Frida High has approximately 190 students, which makes it a fairly small school by both European and Swedish means. The school is located in facilities historically accommodated by the army, but along with many others nationally, the regiment was closed during the early 20th century. The school was on the top 10 list of hardest high schools in Sweden to get into in 2018. At that time, 312.5 points were required to get into the NA program.
The school offers two programs of education: the Social Scientific, and the Natural Scientific. Both programs are theoretical and offer the students a vast selection of possible colleges and universities for future studies.
# Malaya Sosnova

Malaya Sosnova (Russian: Малая Соснова) is a rural locality (a selo) in Bolshesosnovskoye Rural Settlement, Bolshesosnovsky District, Perm Krai, Russia. The population was 360 as of 2010. There are 13 streets.

## Geography

Malaya Sosnova is located 6 km southeast of Bolshaya Sosnova (the district's administrative centre) by road. Bolshaya Sosnova is the nearest rural locality.
# Raufoss Church

Raufoss Church (Norwegian: Raufoss kirke) is a parish church of the Church of Norway in Vestre Toten Municipality in Innlandet county, Norway. It is located in the town of Raufoss. It is the church for the Raufoss parish which is part of the Toten prosti (deanery) in the Diocese of Hamar. The white, stone church was built in a long church design in 1939 using plans drawn up by the architect Henry Bucher. The church seats about 450 people.

## History

The village of Raufoss grew up during the 19th century around some large industries. A cemetery was consecrated in Raufoss on 5 February 1897. A year later, a small burial chapel was built, just behind where the church now stands. It was a 6-by-8-metre (20 ft × 26 ft) building with a 12-metre (39 ft) high tower. It had no seating, and it is said that there was barely room for the coffin and the next of kin to be indoors. During funerals, the doors were left open so others could stand outside. When Ås Church was struck by lightning and burned in 1915, demands were made by the people in Raufoss for their own church in their growing village. Times were difficult, however, and it was not until 1930 that a church committee was appointed. The church was designed by Henry Bucher and final approval was granted in 1932. However, it took four more years before the municipality's financing plan was approved. so construction did not start for a while. The builder Ingvar Dybdahl was responsible for the construction. Domenico Erdmann was a consultant for the interior decoration and color scheme. The foundation stone was laid on 16 October 1937, and the church was consecrated on 11 June 1939 by Bishop Henrik Hille. The old burial chapel was demolished after the new church was completed.
# Steinkirchen, Lower Saxony

Steinkirchen (German: Steinkirchen im Alten Land, Low German: Steenkark) is a municipality in the district of Stade, Lower Saxony, Germany.

## Geography

The municipality is located in the Altes Land, the largest continuous orchard and fruit harvesting region in Europe. It is situated by the Elbe and Lühe rivers and is bordered by the municipalities (in clockwise order) Grünendeich, Jork, Mittelnkirchen, Guderhandviertel, Agathenburg and Hollern-Twielenfleth. The southeasterly third of the Elbe island Lühesand forms part of the municipal area.

## History

It belonged to the Prince-Archbishopric of Bremen. In 1648 the Prince-Archbishopric was transformed into the Duchy of Bremen, which was first ruled in personal union by the Swedish and from 1715 on by the Hanoverian Crown. In 1823 the Duchy was abolished and its territory became part of the Stade Region.

## Politics
### Municipality council

As of February 2020, the council is composed of:
* Christian Democratic Union of Germany (CDU): 5 seats
* Social Democratic Party of Germany (SPD): 4 seats
* Alliance 90/The Greens (Grüne): 1 seat
* Independent: 1 seat

### Mayor/Mayoress

The mayoress of Steinkirchen is Sonja Zinke (CDU, elected as Independent) since 2014. Deputy mayor is Jürgen Michaelis (SPD).

## Notable buildings

* St. Martini et Nicolai church with the world famous organ of St. Martini et Nicolai [de]
* Hogendiekbrücke, a pedestrian bascule bridge over the Lühe river
* Transmission tower of the Elbe Crossing 2, the tallest transmission towers in Europe

## Economy and infrastructure
### Transport

Three bus lines run by the KVG Stade stop in Steinkirchen. These are:
* 2050 Stade - Hollern-Twielenfleth - Steinkirchen - Jork - Hamburg-Cranz
* 2030 Buxtehude - Dammhausen - Jork - Borstel - Steinkirchen
* 2053 Grünendeich - Steinkirchen - Horneburg
These are part of the HVV and thus can be made use of with a regular ticket.
Additionally, some school bus and company bus lines operate in Steinkirchen.

### Education

Steinkirchen is home to the Schulzentrum Lühe, a school complex with an elementary school and an Oberschule.

## Notable people

* Dörte Hansen, linguist and writer, lived there for over 10 years
# Qaleh-ye Hajj Amin

Qaleh-ye Hajj Amin (Persian: قلعه حاج امين, also Romanized as Qal‘eh-ye Ḩājj Amīn; also known as Qal‘eh-ye Ḩājjī Amīn) is a village in Satar Rural District, Kolyai District, Sonqor County, Kermanshah Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 456, in 119 families.
# Muzeum Ziemi Szprotawskiej

Muzeum Ziemi Szprotawskiej (Polish: Museum of the Szprotawa Land), established 2000 by Towarzystwo Bory Dolnośląskie (Polish: The Lower Silesia Deep Woods Appreciation Society). It is the local center for historical and archeological research pertaining to the old Szprotawa District, for the towns of Szprotawa, Małomice, Przemków and Niegosławice.
In the museum structure are included: archaeology with history, archive, nature and tourism. The stable exhibitions concern general: The Stone Age, Bronze Age, Middle Ages, Iron Age and Modern Times (Germans and Soviets in Szprotawa).
The most important exhibits are:
* A peculiar sword from the 16th century
* An anonymous chronicle of district Szprotawa from the 18th century
* A dowry coffer from the 18th century
* A bomber ball (projectile) from the 15th century
* Some urns dating from prehistoric times
* A gravestone of Vogdt from the 18th century
* Heavy machine guns from the former World War II German military airport Sprottau.
Apart from its educational mission, the museum's most important work is carrying out investigations of the Silesia Walls, earthen structures running for quite a distance in the surrounding countryside, the earthen remnants of the Chrobry fortified town, the Flins, the Sprottau Castle, and the Battle of Primkenau of 1015.

## Gallery

* dowry coffer from 18th century
* Ancient ceramics from Szprotawa Land
51°33′50″N 15°32′09″E﻿ / ﻿51.56389°N 15.53583°E﻿ / 51.56389; 15.53583
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