OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Duke of Béjar

Duke of Béjar (Spanish: Duque de Béjar) is a hereditary title in the Peerage of Spain, accompanied by the dignity of Grandee and granted in 1485 by the Catholic Monarchs to Álvaro de Zúñiga, 1st Duke of Plasencia and chief justice of Castile.
The title refers to the town of Béjar in Salamanca, Spain.

## Dukes of Béjar (1485)

* Álvaro de Zúñiga y Guzmán, 1st Duke of Béjar (1485–1488)
* Álvaro de Zúñiga y Pérez de Guzmán, 2nd Duke of Béjar (1488–1532)
* Teresa de Zúñiga y Manrique de Lara, 3rd Duchess of Béjar (1532–1565)
* Francisco de Zúñiga y Sotomayor, 4th Duke of Béjar (1565–1591)
* Francisco Diego de Zúñiga y Mendoza, 5th Duke of Béjar (1591–1601)
* Alfonso Diego de Zúñiga y Pérez de Guzmán, 6th Duke of Béjar (1601–1619)
* Francisco Diego de Zúñiga y Mendoza, 7th Duke of Béjar (1619–1636)
* Alfonso Diego de Zúñiga y Mendoza, 8th Duke of Béjar (1636–1660)
* Juan Manuel de Zúñiga y Mendoza, 9th Duke of Béjar (1660–1664)
* Manuel Diego López de Zúñiga y Sarmiento de Silva, 10th Duke of Béjar (1664–1686) The 10th Duke of Béjar by Romeyn de Hooghe, 1682
* Juan Manuel López de Zúñiga y Castro, 11th Duke of Béjar, 11th Duke of Béjar (1686–1747)
* Joaquín López de Zúñiga y Castro, 12th Duke of Béjar (1747–1777)
* María Josefa Alfonso-Pimentel y Téllez-Girón, 13th Duchess of Béjar (1777–1834)
* Pedro de Alcántara Téllez-Girón y Beaufort Spontin, 14th Duke of Béjar (1834–1844)
* Mariano Téllez-Girón y Beaufort Spontin, 15th Duke of Béjar (1844–1882)
* María del Rosario Téllez-Girón y Fernández de Velasco, 16th Duchess of Béjar (1882–1896)
* Jaime Roca de Togores y Téllez-Girón, 17th duke of Béjar (1896–1921)
* Luis de Alcántara Roca de Togores y Téllez-Girón, 18th Duke of Béjar (1921–1936)
* Pedro de Álcantara Roca de Togores y Tordesillas, 19th Duke of Béjar (1936–1941)
* Pedro de Álcantara Roca de Togores y Laffitte, 20th Duke of Béjar (1941–1978)
* Pedro de Álcantara Roca de Togores y Salinas, 21st Duke of Béjar (1979-)
# Gennady Bukharin

Gennady Ivanovich Bukharin (Russian: Геннадий Иванович Бухарин; 16 March 1929 – 3 November 2020) was a Russian Soviet sprint canoeist.
He won the individual 1000 m and 10,000 m events at the 1958 World Championships and placed third in both at the 1956 Olympics.
# Centre Independent Aragonese Candidacy

The Centre Independent Aragonese Candidacy (Spanish: Candidatura Aragonesa Independiente de Centro, CAIC) was a regionalist political party in Spain, based in Aragon. It was founded in 1977 by dissidents from the Union of the Democratic Centre
* This article about a political party in Spain is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
# Taifa of Ronda

Historical Berber states and dynasties :
Pre-Islamic Berber confederations and dynasties Mauretania 300 BC–44 AD Numidia 202 BC–25 AD Mauro-Roman kingdom 429 AD–578 AD Kingdom of Ouarsenis 430 AD–735 AD Kingdom of Capsus 440 AD–470 AD Kingdom of the Aurès 484 AD –703 AD Kingdom of Altava 578 AD–708 AD :
Post-Islamic kingdoms and caliphates Zirid dynasty 988–1069 Hammadid dynasty 1014–1152 Almoravid dynasty 1050–1147 Almohad Caliphate 1121–1269 Hafsid dynasty 1229–1574 Zayyanid dynasty 1235–1557 Marinid Sultanate 1244–1465 Wattasid dynasty 1472–1554 Kingdom of Beni Abbas 1510–1872 Kingdom of Kuku 1515–1638 :
Western dynasties and taifas Taifa of Alpuente 1009–1106 Taifa of Morón 1010–1066 Taifa of Arcos 1011–1145 Taifa of Granada 1012–1114 Taifa of Albarracín 1013–1090 Taifa of Carmona 1013–1150 Taifa of Ronda 1039–1065 :
vte :
The Taifa of Ronda (Arabic: طائفة رندة) was a medieval Berber taifa kingdom centered in Moorish al-Andalus in what is now southern Spain. It existed from 1039 to 1065. The taifa was ruled by a family from the Berber Banu Ifran tribe of North Africa. Its capital was the city of Ronda. From 1065 until 1091, the taifa was under the control of the Taifa of Seville, led by Abbad II al-Mu'tadid.

## List of Emirs
### Yafranid dynasty

* Abu Nour: 1039/40–1053/4
* Badis ibn Hilal: 1053/4–1057/8
* Abu Nur Hilal (restored): 1057/8
* Abu Nars Fatuh: 1057/8–1065
# Pordim Municipality

Pordim Municipality (Bulgarian: Община Пордим) is a municipality (obshtina) in Pleven Province, Northern Bulgaria. It is named after its administrative centre - the town of Pordim.
The municipality embraces a territory of 255 km$^2$ (98 sq mi) with a population, as of December 2009, of 7,114 inhabitants.

## Settlements

(towns are shown in bold):
| Town/Village | Cyrillic | Population (December 2009) |
| Pordim | Пордим | 2,117 |
| Borislav | Борислав | 278 |
| Valchitran | Вълчитрън | 1,102 |
| Zgalevo | Згалево | 682 |
| Kamenets | Каменец | 972 |
| Kateritsa | Катерица | 91 |
| Odarne | Одърне | 1,057 |
| Totleben | Тотлебен | 815 |
| Total | | 7,114 |

## Demography

The following table shows the change of the population during the last four decades.
Pordim Municipality :
| Year | 1975 | 1985 | 1992 | 2001 | 2005 | 2007 | 2009 | 2011 |
| Population | 13,041 | 10,480 | 9,607 | 8,179 | 7,654 | 7,420 | 7,114 | ... |
| Sources: Census 2001, Census 2011, „pop-stat.mashke.org“, |||||||||

### Religion

According to the latest Bulgarian census of 2011, the religious composition, among those who answered the optional question on religious identification, was the following:
Religious composition of Pordim Municipality
Orthodox Christianity
83.7%
Catholicism
0.5%
Protestantism
0.0%
Islam
2.4%
No religion
9.5%
Prefer not to answer, others and indefinable
3.9% :
# Karnaukhovo, Zaboryinskoye Rural Settlement

Karnaukhovo (Russian: Карнаухово) is a rural locality (a selo) in Zaboryinskoye Rural Settlement, Beryozovsky District, Perm Krai, Russia. The population was 165 as of 2010. There are 3 streets.

## Geography

Karnaukhovo is located 13 km southwest of Beryozovka (the district's administrative centre) by road. Issinyayevo is the nearest rural locality.
# Yanchenko

Yanchenko (Ukrainian: Янченко) or Yanchanka/Jančanka (Belarusian: Янчанка) is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Aleksandr Yanchenko (born 1995), Belarusian footballer
* Halyna Yanchenko (born 1988), Ukrainian politician
* Oleh Yanchenko (born 1979), Ukrainian diver
* Vasili Yanchenko (1894–1959), Russian flying ace
# Annapurna II

Annapurna II is the second-highest mountain of the Annapurna range located in Nepal, and the eastern anchor of the range.
In terms of elevation, isolation (distance to a higher summit, namely Annapurna I East Peak, 29.02 km or 18.03 mi) and prominence (2,437 m or 7,995 ft), Annapurna II does not rank far behind Annapurna I Main, which serves as the western anchor. It is a fully independent peak, despite the close association with Annapurna I Main which its name implies; it is, however, closely connected to the shorter Annapurna IV. Annapurna II is the 16th highest mountain in the world, and the highest ultra-prominent peak on Earth under eight-thousand meters.

## Features

Annapurna II sits apart from the main ridge of the Annapurna Massif, along with the shorter Annapurna IV. Its summit proper lies along a steep rock ridge, relatively free of snow towards its highest point, which drops in altitude to run west to the summit of the smaller peak. The South Face is a large pyramidal wall only interrupted by the central spur, while the North Face is more complex, with steep walls cascading between ice fields near the summit and base of the mountain. To the northwest, a large hanging glacier occupies the flank between it and Annapurna IV, while the Northeastern wall has a distinctive, recurrent series of cornices and rock bands resembling a human face or skull, visible in the above photograph.
Annapurna II is notable for its large avalanches, especially those originating from the high snowpack behind the North-central buttress. Other dangers include rockfall, large ice overhangs, and frequent storms. These have limited the scope of mountaineering expeditions, indeed, the standard route of ascent uses the central connecting ridge with Annapurna IV to bypass many of its objective hazards.

## Climbing history

It was first climbed in 1960 by a British/Indian/Nepalese team led by J. O. M. Roberts via the West Ridge, reached by climbing the North face of Annapurna IV. The summit party comprised Richard Grant, Chris Bonington, and Sherpa Ang Nyima.
Yugoslavs from Slovenia repeated this ascent in 1969, also climbing Annapurna IV. Kazimir Drašlar and Matija Maležič reached the summit. In 1973 Japanese took a shortcut by climbing directly up the north face between IV and V before continuing along the west ridge. Katsuyuki Kondo reached the top by himself.
In 1983, Tim Macartney-Snape planned and participated in an expedition to Annapurna II (7,937 m or 26,040 ft), reaching the summit via the first ascent of the south spur. The descent was delayed by a blizzard and the expedition ran out of food during the last five days. They were reported missing and when the expedition eventually returned they received significant publicity.
On Feb 2, 2007; Philipp Kunz, Lhakpa Wangel, Temba Nuru and Lhakpa Thinduk made the first winter ascent. The team followed the route of the first ascent from the north.
# Curso de Orientación Universitaria

The University Orientation Course (Spanish: Curso de Orientación Universitaria) or COU was an academic level taught in Spain, its curriculum set by the Education Act 1970. It consisted of one single annual course, equivalent to the second year of the current bachillerato system. The previous completion of the three-year Bachillerato Unificado Polivalente (BUP) was an admission requirement. In order to be allowed to progress to the then-compulsory Spanish University Access Tests or Selectividad, an academic grade of 5/10 in each subject was needed.
It was equivalent to 12th grade in the United States, the last year of sixth form in the United Kingdom and the final International Baccalaureate level.
# Gareth Waite

Gareth Waite (born 16 February 1986) is an English footballer who played in the Football League for Darlington. He joined that club from Northern Football League Division One side Spennymoor Town. He is a midfielder.

## Career

Waite, Spennymoor Town's 2008–09 player of the year, joined Football League Two club Darlington on 15 January 2010. Darlington manager Steve Staunton expressed his gratitude to Spennymoor Town's chairman Bradley Groves and manager Jason Ainsley for allowing Waite the opportunity to play League football. Waite made his debut against Rotherham United in a 2–1 away win, and his first goal came three games later, at home to Rotherham United. Waite was employed by Staunton as a right winger, although his natural position is in the centre. Waite was released by Darlington in June 2011. He then returned to Spennymoor Town, and later played for Stockton Sunday League club Thornaby Jolly Farmers.
# Polar Boy

Polar Boy (Brek Bannin) is a fictional character from the 30th century of the DC Universe, initially suggested by reader Buddy Lavigne of Northbrook, Illinois in the letters page of Adventure Comics #304, from January 1963. He was the first of several characters who were created based on reader suggestions.

## Fictional character biography

Brek Bannin originates from the planet Tharr, one of the hottest inhabited planets in its galaxy. His family lives in the planet's hottest valley, where the inhabitants develop cryokinetic abilities to combat the persistent heat.
After being rejected from the Legion of Super-Heroes, Polar Boy becomes a founding member of the Legion of Substitute Heroes, serving as its first leader. The group primarily serves as local law enforcement while the Legion is busy, and eventually disbands after thwarting Computo's invasion of Bismoll. Following this, Polar Boy joins the full Legion.
In the "Threeboot" continuity, Polar Boy appears as a member of the Wanderers.
In Action Comics #860, Polar Boy is captured and tortured by an anti-alien society. In the process, he loses an arm and replaces it with an ice prosthetic.
In Final Crisis: Legion of 3 Worlds, Polar Boy is among the Legionnaires assembled to battle Superboy-Prime and the Legion of Super-Villains.
Polar Boy appears in the 2021 one-shot Tis the Season to Be Freezin', where he dates Comet Queen.

## Powers and abilities

Polar Boy possesses the innate ability to reduce heat and produce cold, which enables him to withstand high temperatures. Furthermore, he is a skilled leader, having led the Legion of Substitute Heroes on multiple occasions.

## In other media

* Polar Boy makes non-speaking appearances in Legion of Super Heroes.
* Polar Boy appears as a character summon in Scribblenauts Unmasked: A DC Comics Adventure.
* Polar Boy appears in the one-shot comic Batman '66 Meets the Legion of Super-Heroes.
# Dennis Koslowski

Dennis Marwin Koslowski (born August 16, 1959) is an American amateur wrestler and professional wrestler. He was born in Watertown, South Dakota. He was Olympic bronze medalist in Greco-Roman wrestling in 1988, and won a silver medal in 1992. In 2009, he was inducted into the National Wrestling Hall of Fame as a Distinguished Member.
Koslowski is a graduate of the University of Minnesota Morris, where he was a stand-out wrestler along with twin brother Duane. He was a two time NCAA Division III national champion, two-time Northern Intercollegiate Conference champion and a three-time NCAA III All-American; he also played football as an offensive linesman. He is a member of the University of Minnesota Morris and Northern Sun Intercollegiate Conference Hall of Fame.
Koslowski briefly competed as a professional wrestler for Japanese shoot style promotion UWF International. On December 20, 1992, he fought UWFi's top star Nobuhiko Takada in a losing effort at Ryōgoku Kokugikan. He wrestled a further eight time, with his final match coming almost a year later on December 5, 1993, where he lost to Kiyoshi Tamura.
Since retiring from sports, Koslowski works as a chiropractor for his own practice.
# Norwegian Sunday School Association

The Norwegian Sunday School Association (Norwegian: Søndagsskolen Norge) is an interest organization for sunday schools in Norway.
It welcomes Sunday schools affiliated with the Church of Norway, and is thus Evangelical-Lutheran in scope but with an ecumenical orientation. The association was founded in 1889, and currently has about 1,200 member schools. Chair of the board is Siri Lindtveit, secretary general is Gøran Byberg, and the organizational headquarters are in Oslo. Its slogan and vision is "Jesus to the children".
# Pitkyaranta

Pitkyaranta (Russian: Питкяранта; Livvi: Pitkyrandu; Finnish: Pitkäranta) is a town and the administrative center of Pitkyarantsky District of the Republic of Karelia, Russia, located on the northeastern coast of Lake Ladoga. Population: 11,429 (2010 Census); 13,347 (2002 Census); 14,361 (1989 Soviet census).

## History

Originally a part of Finland, Pitkäranta was part of the municipality of Impilahti. Pitkäranta was the largest settlement center in Impilahti, with about 2,000 inhabitants in the late 1930s. Pitkäranta was also the center of Salmi Parish. The Pitkäranta Orthodox parish comprised the eastern part of Impilahti municipality and the Uuksu area of Salmi. Pitkäranta also formed a prayer room under the Impilahti Lutheran Congregation. There was also a secondary school in Pitkäranta.
Pitkäranta was, above all, a major industrial location. The most important industries were the mining and forestry industries. Mining in Pitkäranta began as early as the 18th century and its heyday was in the 19th century. The Pitkäranta mines produced, among other things, iron and silver. Mining was at a standstill in the early 20th century, but a resumption was planned. Pitkäranta also had sawmills, a red soil factory and a glass factory started in 1889, whose main products were bottles. Diesen Wood Oy's sawmill began operations on Pusunsaari in 1920 and a sulphite pulp mill in 1921. A plot of land was planned in Pitkäranta, but war and regional handovers prevented the plan from being implemented.
Pitkäranta was ceded to the Soviet Union in the peace of Moscow in 1940. In the Soviet Union, it became a city on July 9, 1940. In the Continuation War, Finland recaptured Pitkäranta in 1941, but had to cede it again in 1944. Most of Pitkäranta's buildings were destroyed during the wars.

## Administrative and municipal status

Within the framework of administrative divisions, Pitkyaranta serves as the administrative center of Pitkyarantsky District, to which it is directly subordinated. As a municipal division, the town of Pitkyaranta, together with three rural localities, is incorporated within Pitkyarantsky Municipal District as Pitkyarantskoye Urban Settlement.

## Economy

By the Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation dated July 29, 2014 No. 1398-r «On approval of the list of single-industry towns», the city is included in the category of «Single-industry municipalities of the Russian Federation (single-industry towns) with the most difficult socio-economic situation».
The «Pitkyaranta» Pulp Mill is located in the city. In the economy of the city, the leading place was occupied by the timber and mining complex.
There is a railway station in the city. Passenger transportation services were discontinued in 2015. In 2021, traffic was resumed: in winter, several flights of the experimental Moscow—Pitkyaranta train took place, then the only passenger train at the station was a daily commuter train on the route from Karelian Sortavala to Lodeynoye Pole, Leningrad Oblast.

## International relations
### Twin towns and sister cities

Pitkyaranta is twinned with:
* Kuopio, Finland
* Pikalyovo, Russia
# Nizhneye Kaltyayevo

Nizhneye Kaltyayevo (Russian: Нижнее Кальтяево; Bashkir: Түбәнге Кәлтәй, Tübänge Kältäy) is a rural locality (a village) in Kaltyayevsky Selsoviet, Tatyshlinsky District, Bashkortostan, Russia. The population was 41 as of 2010. There is 1 street.

## Geography

Nizhneye Kaltyayevo is located 11 km southeast of Verkhniye Tatyshly (the district's administrative centre) by road. Vyazovka is the nearest rural locality.
# Duke of Seville

Duke of Seville (Spanish: Duque de Sevilla) is a title of Spanish nobility that was granted in 1823 by King Ferdinand VII of Spain to his nephew, Infante Enrique of Spain. The Dukes of Seville are members of the Spanish branch of the House of Bourbon, and they are also Grandees of Spain.
Since 22 October 1968, the holder of the ducal title has been Don Francisco de Borbón y Escasany, 5th Duke of Seville.

## List of holders of the title

| | Holder of Title | Period | Spouse |
| Created by King Ferdinand VII of Spain ||||
| I | Infante Enrique of Spain b. 17 April 1823, d. 12 March 1870 | 17 April 1823 – 12 March 1870 | Elena Maria de Castellvi y Shelly b. 16 Oct 1821, d. 29 Dec 1863, consort 6 May 1847 - 29 Dec 1863. |
| II | Enrique de Borbón y Castellví, 2nd Duke of Seville b. 3 Oct 1848, d. 12 Jul 1894 | 12 March 1870 – 12 Jul 1894 | Joséphine Parade b. 12 April 1840, d. 20 Oct 1939, consort 5 Nov 1870 - 12 Jul 1894. |
| III | María Luisa de Borbón y Parade [es], 3rd Duchess of Seville b. 4 April 1868, d. 10 June 1949 | 12 Jul 1894 – 1919 | Juan Lorenzo Francisco de Monclús y Cabanellas b. 9 Aug 1862, d. 13 Dec 1918, consort 25 Jul 1894 - 13 Dec 1918. |
| IV | Enriqueta de Borbón y Parade, 4th Duchess of Seville b. 28 Jun 1885/1888, d. 28 Oct 1967 | 1919 – 28 Oct 1967 | Francisco de Borbón y de la Torre b. 16 Jan 1882, d. 6 Dec 1952, consort 21 Aug 1907 - 6 Dec 1952. |
| V | Francisco de Borbón y Escasany, 5th Duke of Seville b. 16 Nov 1943 | 22 Oct 1968 – present | 1. Countess Beatrice Wilhelmine Paula von Hardenberg {de} b. 28 Jun 1947, d. 14 Mar 2020, consort 7 Jul 1973 - 1989. 2. Isabelle Karanitsch b. 23 Nov 1959, consort 19 Oct 1991 - divorce in 1993/4. 3. María de los Ángeles de Vargas-Zúñiga y Juanes b. 1954, consort 2 Sept 2000 - present. |

## Line of succession

* Infante Enrique, 1st Duke of Seville (1823-1870)
** Enrique, 2nd Duke of Seville (1870-1894)
*** María Luisa, 3rd Duchess of Seville (1894-1919)
*** Enriqueta, 4th Duchess of Seville (1919-1967)
**** Francisco (renounced his succession in 1968)
***** Francisco, 5th Duke of Seville (since 1968)
****** (1) Francisco (born 1979)
******* (2) Francisco
****** (3) Olivia
******* (4) Fernando
******* (5) Flavia
***** (6) Alfonso
****** (7) Alfonso
******* (8) Alfonso
******* (9) Jerónimo
****** (10) Alejandra
******* (11) Tristan
******* (12) Santiago
***** (13) Enrique

## Sources

* Juan Martina Torres, The History of Spanish Nobility, 1500–present (Madrid 2009), for the: Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM) (translated title)
# Aydughmush

Aydoghmush (Persian: ايدوغموش, also Romanized as Āydūghmūsh) is a village in Charuymaq-e Jonubesharqi Rural District, Shadian District, Charuymaq County, East Azerbaijan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 155, in 27 families.
# Sharif Imam

Shariful Alam Imam Ahmed (Bengali: শরীফ ইমাম) (October 30, 1925—December 13, 1971) was a participator in Bangladesh Liberation War. He is most widely remembered as the husband of "Shaheed Janani" (Mother of Martyrs) Jahanara Imam and as the father of Guerrilla fighter Shafi Imam Rumi. He is a character in Jahanara Imam's famous memoir Ekattorer Dingulee (Bengali: একাত্তরের দিনগুলি, English: Of Blood and Fire (translator Mustafizur Rahman)).

## Biography

Sharif Imam was a Civil engineer. In 1948 he married Jahanara Imam, whom he met in Rangpur while studying at Carmichael College. They settled in Dhaka.

## Role in War of Liberation

In 1971, following the Pakistan army crackdown on 25 March, the Bangladesh Liberation War broke out. Many joined the liberation struggle, including Imam's elder son Shafi Imam Rumi, who joined the Mukti Bahini to become a Mukti Joddha (Freedom Fighter). During the war, Imam's wife Jahanara Imam wrote a diary on her feelings about the struggle. This later became one of the most important publications about the War of Liberation.
Sharif and his friend Sajedur Rahman collected and sent money to the freedom fighters. At the end of June, 1971, Shahadat Chowdhury and Habibul Alam came to Sharif's house with a letter from Sector-2 commander Major Khaled Mosharraf. Mosharraf asked Sharif information about bridges and culverts of Bangladesh in order to hamper Pakistani occupation army's movement. Patriot Sharif used to provide detail information of the exact points where to set explosives so that the bridge will be damaged but also there will be less damage so that it can be repaired easily after the country is liberated.
His son, Rumi took part in many daring actions against Pakistan army. Unfortunately, he was to be picked up by the Pakistani army, never to be seen again. Imam and his younger son Jami, and Jami's cousin were also picked up for interrogation and were tortured. Imam returned home a broken man only to die three days before Bangladesh became free on 16 December 1971.
As Yahya Khan was set to announce mass mercy on September 5, 1971, many family relatives instated to ask mercy petition for Rumi to the government. Rumi's parents took the suggestion and thought over it but later decided to not do so because they considered it to be a dishonor to Rumi's views and ideology.
Sharif underwent a massive heart-attack on 13 December 1971, was rushed to IPGMR (popularly known as PG hospital, later renamed to BSMMU), where he died at late night because the defibrillator couldn't be used due to a blackout being carried out as an official Bangladesh Liberation War had started a week ago.

## Citations

* 1 2 Hensher, Philip (1 March 2013). "Bangladesh's bestseller about its brutal birth". The Guardian. Retrieved 29 December 2013.
* 1 2 Karmakar, Prasanta (30 October 2009). মুক্তিযুদ্ধের নিভৃত এক সহযাত্রী. Prothom Alo (in Bengali). Retrieved 4 January 2014.
* ↑ (Imam 1986, pp. 196)
* ↑ (Imam 1986, pp. 262)