OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Alex Smith (hammer thrower)

Alexander David Smith (born 6 March 1988) is an English track and field athlete competing in the hammer throw.

## Life and career

Born in Hull, he is the son of Dave Smith, a former Commonwealth Games champion in the hammer. His first international medal came at the 2005 World Youth Championships in Athletics, where he was the bronze medallist.
In 2010 he finished second at the 2010 Commonwealth Games in Delhi with a personal best of 72.95 metres. He improved his personal best to 75.63 m in 2012 and was selected to represent Great Britain at the London 2012 Olympic Games, where he reached the final and finished 12th. At the 2014 Commonwealth Games, he finished 4th with a throw of 70.99m.
# Elisabeth Grasser

Elisabeth Grasser (7 May 1904 – 14 August 2002) was an Austrian fencer. She competed in the women's individual foil event at the 1936 Summer Olympics, finishing eighth.
# Norwegian County Road 820

County Road 820 (Norwegian: Fylkesvei 820) is a 73.1-kilometer (45.4 mi) road in Bø Municipality, Øksnes Municipality, and Sortland Municipality in Nordland County, Norway. It starts in the village of Straumsnes in Bø Municipality where it continues south from County Road 901, circles around the west end of the island of Langøya through the Straume Nature Reserve to the village of Straume, and continues east to the Ryggedal Tunnel. It then passes through Øksnes Municipality along the west shore of Ånnfjord and south shore of Skjellfjord before entering Sortland Municipality. There it passes along the inner shore of Eidsfjord through Frøskeland, crosses Vikeid (the Vik Isthmus), where County Road 956 branches off to Vik, and then runs past the southwest shore of the Vikosen Nature Reserve and along the west side of Sortlandssundet strait, where it terminates at the town of Sortland.
Prior to January 1, 2010, the route was a national road. After the national road network regional reform came into force, the route was reassigned the status of a county road.
# Pamela

Pamela commonly refers to:
* Pamela; or, Virtue Rewarded, a novel written by Samuel Richardson in 1740
* Pamela (name), a given name and, rarely, a surname.
Pamela may also refer to:

## Arts, entertainment, and media
### Music

* Pamela Spence, a Turkish pop-rock singer, known by her stage name "Pamela"
* "Pamela Pamela", a song recorded by Wayne Fontana that reached number 11 in the UK Singles Chart in 1967
* "Pamela" (song), a 1988 hit song for the band Toto
* "Pamella", a song by Remmy Ongala from the album Songs for the Poor Man
* "Pamela Wan", a song composed by Vhong Navarro in 2004, inspired by the movie Otso-Otso Pamela-Mela-Wan

### Other entertainment and media

* Pamela (film), a 1945 French film
* Pamela, A Love Story, an upcoming 2023 Netflix documentary about Pamela Anderson
* Una donna da guardare, a 1990 Italian erotic movie
* P.A.M.E.L.A., a first-person survival video game

## Other

* MSC Pamela, a container ship launched in 2005
* Pamela (butterfly), a butterfly genus
* Perrhybris pamela, a butterfly with the common name Pamela
* Pamela hat, a straw hat named after Richardson's heroine, worn 1790s–1870s
* Super Typhoon Pamela, a typhoon in 1976
* A launch platform of the Mistral missile

## Acronyms

* PAMELA Project, Process for Advanced Management of End of-Life-Aircraft
* Payload for Antimatter Matter Exploration and Light-nuclei Astrophysics, astrophysical satellite module
* Pedestrian Accessibility and Movement Environment Laboratory, artificial pavement at a research center at University College London
# Damuk SC

Damuk Sport Club (Arabic: نادي داموك الرياضي), is an Iraqi football team based in Wasit, that plays in Iraqi Second Division League.

## Managerial history

* Hasanain Mussa
# Student Association at the Stockholm School of Economics

The Student Association at Stockholm School of Economics (SASSE, Swedish: Handelshögskolans i Stockholm studentkår; abbreviated HHSS) organizes all students enrolled at the Stockholm School of Economics (SSE). SSE is a leading European academic institution for education and research in the fields of economics, finance, corporate law, business, managerial sciences and marketing. It is situated in Stockholm, capital of Sweden. SASSE is affiliated with the Stockholm Federation of Student Unions.

## History

The Student Association at the Stockholm School of Economics (SASSE) was founded at the same time as the Stockholm School of Economics, in 1909. The Stockholm School of Economics was the first academic institution in Northern Europe specialized on economics, finance and business, and its student union is one of the oldest academic institutions' student unions in Sweden. The student union is known for its intense cooperation with the corporate sphere in Northern Europe and has numerous corporate sponsors, including SEB, Citigroup, Deloitte and Bain & Company.
The student association was originally situated in the school's building at Brunkebergstorg 2, in Norrmalm in central Stockholm. In 1926 the student association, as well as the school, moved to a new building by architect Ivar Tengbom at Sveavägen 65, the capital's central north-south axis, in Vasastaden, Stockholm.
Several of Sweden's and Northern Europe's leading political figures and businesspeople have been members of the SASSE. Among these are: Ruben Rausing, founder of the company Tetra Pak (the Rausing family is today one of the richest families in Britain), professor Bertil Ohlin (party leader for the leading opposition party in the Swedish parliament, the Liberal People's Party 1944-1967; inventor of the standard mathematical model of international free trade, the Heckscher-Ohlin model; awarded the Nobel Prize in Economics 1977) and Jan Carlzon (former chief executive officer of SAS Group).
    See also the category Stockholm School of Economics alumni

## Committees

SASSE is organized into eight committees with different responsibilities. These are the Business Committee (NU), the Education Committee (UU), the Entertainment Committee (PU), the International Committee (IntU), the Tech Committee (TechU), the Media Committee (MedU), the Social Committee (SU) and the Sports Committee (IdU). Each committee is headed by a president, who is also a member of the board of the student association.

## Other projects

In addition to the committees of SASSE, there are various separate sub-organisations and independent projects. These include the Stockholm Student Investment Fund, Consulting Society, Handelsdagarna, Friedmans Apostlar (choir) and Handelsspexet.
As well as this, once every 4 years, SASSE hosts the Student Nobel Night Cap (SNNC). This is the afterparty following the Nobel Prize ceremony, whose host rotates between Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm University, SSE and KTH.
# Honkilahti

Honkilahti (Swedish: Honkilahti, also Honkilax) is a village and a former municipality in Finland, part of Eura since 1970.

## History

The commune of Honkilahti was founded in 1904 when it was separated from Eura. Honkilahti was merged back with Eura in 1970. Honkilahti has a wooden church which "Tuomas Samuelinpoika Rahvenius" designed in 1759. It lies on the northern side of Koskeljärvi. Before Honkilahti were discontinued, it had many kilometers the coastline from Pyhäjärvi. The population of Honkilahti was at its peak in 1957 when there were 1887 inhabitants.
The neighbouring municipalities of Honkilahti were Eura, Hinnerjoki, Laitila, Karjala, Mynämäki, Yläne and Säkylä.
The arms of Honkilahti were designed by Gustaf von Numers and it was registered in 1951.

## People born in Honkilahti

* Pentti Eskola (1883–1964), geologist
* Walter Kuusela (1903–1985), politician
* Vihtori Viitanen (1863–1918), politician
# Norwegian Forest Owners Association

Norwegian Forest Owners Association (Norwegian: Norges Skogeierforbund) is an association representing 43,000 owners of forest in Norway. The main functions of the organisation is to assist the members, who are mostly farmers, to manage their forest. This includes forestry plans, part of the cutting of timer and negotiating agreements with lumber mills and paper mills. The association is one of the 13 agricultural cooperatives in Norway and based in Oslo with 366 local groups and eight district organisations, organised as BAs. In 2005 83% of all domestic timber was organised through the association.
The eight regional organisations are Havass Skog, Glommen Skog, Mjøsen Skog, Viken Skog, AT Skog, Vestskog, Sogn og Fjordane Skogeigarlag and ALLSKOG. Both the regional and central associations hold major ownerships of Norske Skog and Moelven Industrier. The associations are members of the Confederation of Norwegian Enterprise (NHO).

## History

The first forest owner association was founded along Glomma in 1903, soon to be followed by others. Because of the nature of logging, the associations were organised by river instead of by county. The national association was founded in 1913 as a union between the regional associations. The first mayor task was to buy the Borregaard corporation based around Glomma from the British Kellner-Partington company, that was finalised in 1917. In 1962 the association founded Nordenfjelske Treforedling that opened the Norske Skog Skogn plant in 1966. Norske Skogindustrier was founded in 1972 as a massive merger between various companies throughout the country. The association still owns about 20% of the corporation, that has become the world's largest producer of newsprint. Ivar Aavatsmark served as Director of the association for 40 years, between 1942 and 1982.
# Abu Bakr al-Isfahani

Abu Bakr al-Isfahani (born in Isfahan – died 908 CE in Baghdad), popularly known as Al-Isfahani (Arabic: الإصفهاني; from Isfahan), was a Persian Quran reciter who specialized in Warsh recitation.

## Biography

Al-Isfahani was an imam in Warsh recitation.
He studied Warsh recitation in Cairo in Egypt, where he read to Warsh students.
Then he settled in Baghdad, where he was the first Quran Qari to introduce Warsh recitation to Iraq.

## Teachers

Al-Isfahani learned Warsh recitation from many of Imam Warsh's students in Cairo, including:
* Abu al-Rabie al-Rashedini (Arabic: أبو الربيع الرشديني المهري المصري).
* Abu al-Achaath al-Jarashi (Arabic: أبو الأشعث الجرشي المصيصي المصري).
* Abu al-Qasim al-Muafiri (Arabic: أبو القاسم المعافري المصري).
* Ibn Masud al-Madani (Arabic: ابن مسعود المدني).
He studied with other imams, including:
* Abdullah ibn Omar ibn Aban (Arabic: عبد الله بن عمر بن أبان).
# Alex Touche

Alexander Touche (born 2 June 1999) is an English professional footballer who plays as a defender.

## Career
### Youth

Touche was a four-year letter winner at the Albuquerque Academy, helping the team to New Mexico Activities Association state championships in 2015 and 2016. During his time at the Academy, Touche was named first-team All-State, All-District and All-Metro in 2016, All-state Player of the Year, District Player of the Year, first-team All-State, All-District and All-Metro in 2015, First-team All-State, All-District and District Player of the Year in 2014, and an honorable mention All-State in 2013.

### College and amateur

In 2017, Touche attended the University of Pennsylvania to play college soccer. In three seasons with the Quakers, Touche made 44 appearances and scored 8 goals. The Ivy League season was cancelled in 2020 due to the COVID-19 pandemic. During his three seasons, Touche was named Second-team All-Ivy in 2017, First-team All-Ivy in 2018 and 2019, and third-team United Soccer Coaches, All-Region in Northeast, All-ECAC and the Ivy League Defensive Player of the Year in 2019.
Whilst at college, Touche also played in the USL League Two with Albuquerque Sol, making 23 regular seasons appearances over 3 seasons.

### Professional

On 12 January 2021, Touche signed with USL Championship side New Mexico United. He made his professional debut on 29 May, appearing as an injury-time substitute during a 1–0 loss to Loudoun United.
On 8 March 2022 Union Omaha announced they had signed Touche to play in the 2022 season.

## Personal life

Touche was born in London, England, but also lived in Albuquerque, New Mexico. His twin brother, Charles, played college soccer at Cornell University.

## Career statistics

    As of 30 May 2021
Appearances and goals by club, season and competition :
| Club | Season | League | League | League | National Cup | National Cup | League Cup | League Cup | Total | Total |
| Club | Season | Division | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals |
| Albuquerque Sol FC | 2017 | USL PDL | 5 | 0 | — | — | — | — | 5 | 0 |
| Albuquerque Sol FC | 2018 | USL PDL | 9 | 1 | — | — | — | — | 9 | 1 |
| Albuquerque Sol FC | 2019 | USL League Two | 9 | 2 | — | — | — | — | 9 | 2 |
| Albuquerque Sol FC | Total | Total | 23 | 3 | — | — | — | — | 23 | 3 |
| New Mexico United | 2021 | USL Championship | 3 | 0 | — | — | — | — | 3 | 0 |
| Career total | Career total | Career total | 26 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 26 | 3 |
# Pelekete monastery

The Monastery of Saint John the Theologian (Greek: Μονή Αγίου Ιωάννου του Θεολόγου), commonly known as the Pelekete monastery (Turkish: Pelekete manastırı; Greek: Moνή Πελεκητής), is a ruined Byzantine-era monastery near modern Tirilye in Turkey (medieval Trigleia in Bithynia).
The monastery dates back to the 8th century, but its exact date of establishment is unknown. Its common name, "Pelekete", means "hewn with an axe" in Greek, and refers to its location on a steep rock. The monastery was a centre of iconodule opposition to Byzantine Iconoclasm, and in 763/4, it was attacked and burned down by the fanatically iconoclast governor Michael Lachanodrakon. Lachanodrakon tortured the monastery's hegoumenos, Theosteriktos, and other monks, 38 of whom were buried alive at Ephesus. The monastery was restored towards the end of the century after the end of the first period of Iconoclasm, and a certain Makarios became its hegoumenos. With the resumption of Iconoclasm after 813, he was exiled and imprisoned, but the monks of Pelekete continued to oppose Iconoclasm.
The monastery disappears thereafter from the sources, but is identified by modern scholars with the ruins of a monastery 5 km west from the town of Tirilye and dedicated to Saint John the Theologian. Locals today call it Aya Yani or Ayani, a corrupted form of its Greek name, meaning "Saint John".
# USS Drexler

USS Drexler (DD-741), an Allen M. Sumner-class destroyer, was named for Ensign Henry Clay Drexler, a Medal of Honor recipient.
The Drexler was launched on 3 September 1944 by Bath Iron Works Corp., in Bath, Maine; sponsored by Mrs. L. A. Drexler, the mother of Ensign Drexler; and commissioned on 14 November 1944.

## Service history

Sailing from Norfolk on 23 January 1945 to escort Bon Homme Richard to Trinidad, Drexler then sailed on to reach San Diego on 10 February. Three days later she got underway for Pearl Harbor for antiaircraft and shore bombardment exercises until the 23rd, when she sailed on escort duty to Guadalcanal and Ulithi, the staging area for the Okinawa invasion.
Drexler departed Ulithi 27 March 1945 bound for Okinawa and duty on a radar picket station. On 28 May at 07:00, two kamikazes attacked Drexler and Lowry. The first was downed by the combined fire of the two destroyers and planes from the combat air patrol. The second tried to crash onto Lowry but missed, hitting Drexler instead and cutting off all power and starting large gasoline fires. Despite the heavy damage, she kept firing, aiding in shooting down two planes which attacked immediately after the crash. At 07:03 she was hit by another aircraft, a twin-engined "Frances" P1Y1 bomber, and the impact rolled her on to her beam ends, causing her to sink in less than 50 seconds" at 27°6′N 127°38′E﻿ / ﻿27.100°N 127.633°E﻿ / 27.100; 127.633. Because of the speed with which she sank, casualties were heavy: 168 dead and 52 wounded. The captain was one of the wounded.

## Awards

Drexler received one battle star for World War II service.
# 1992 Colombian energy crisis

The 1992 Colombian energy crisis was a crisis of the Colombian energy sector during the presidency of César Gaviria, from May 2, 1992, to February 7, 1993, caused by El Niño. El Niño caused droughts across much of the country, which lowered reservoir levels at many of its principal hydroelectric dams and a further crisis within the state public services company, Interconexión Eléctrica, S.A. (ISA).

## Causes

El Niño occurs when warm waters originating off the coast of Australia reach South American shores. This causes significant variation in marine climates and droughts and floods. The 1992 El Niño, which produced droughts in Colombia, coincided with infrastructure problems within the nation's hydroelectric power facilities.

## Rationing

The government under president César Gaviria opted to take action, introducing a rationing program. On March 2, 1992, the government announced scheduled power cuts, of up to nine hours in cities such as Bogotá and up to 18 hours on the islands of San Andrés y Providencia. Public awareness campaigns were launched under the name "Cierre la llave" ("Turn Off the Tap"), hoping to measure how much water was being wasted. In the city of Cali, a decree was passed setting six days in prison as a penalty for heavy water users.

### "Hora Gaviria"

As a further measure, Gaviria changed Colombia's time zone from UTC-5 to UTC-4, which was then the time zone of neighboring Venezuela, beginning on Saturday, May 2, 1992, at 1:00 am. The measure came to be known as "Hora Gaviria" ("Gaviria Time"). Of Colombia's 1,024 municipalities, 1,000 declined to change time zones and took months to come into effect. The time zone change was ended on February 7, 1993.

## Impacts

One of two most popular telenovelas of 1992 in Colombia, En cuerpo ajeno, was moved from 8pm to 10pm on Cadena Uno, then a highly unusual timeslot for flagship novelas on Colombian television, so that more viewers could see it when they were not impacted by energy rationing (the blackouts in Bogotá ended at 9 pm). The other popular telenovela, Sangre de Lobos, was already being broadcast at 10pm on Canal A. Caracol Radio created a program, La Luciérnaga ("The Firefly"), for the early evening hours when power cuts were in effect in many areas; as of 2015, the program remains on the air.
# Podolsk, Republic of Bashkortostan

Podolsk (Russian: Подольск) is a rural locality (a selo) and the administrative centre of Tanalyksky Selsoviet, Khaybullinsky District, Bashkortostan, Russia. The population was 1,083 as of 2010. There are 12 streets.

## Geography

Podolsk is located 27 km northeast of Akyar (the district's administrative centre) by road. Bakalovka is the nearest rural locality.
# Brett Darby

Brett Darby (born 10 November 1983) is a former professional footballer who played in the Football League as a midfielder for Southend United.
# Albertine (Krohg novel)

Albertine is a novel written in 1886 by Norwegian painter and writer Christian Krohg.
The novel is set in Norway's capital, Christiania, and deals with the life of the unmarried seamstress Albertine, who is eventually forced into prostitution due to the social system of the time. The book was confiscated shortly after its publication. In 1888 the Supreme Court of Norway upheld the confiscation, and Krohg was sentenced to pay a fine of 100 kr. Krohg also made several paintings based on the "Albertine" motif, including Trett in 1885 and Albertine i politilægens venteværelse in 1887.

## Plot

Albertine is a poor seamstress, living in the eastern part of Christiania. She is being seduced by a "Winther", a police officer, who eventually rapes her while she is unconscious. Later she experiences a humiliating visit to the police doctor's office. She finally ends up as a prostitute, operating in the Vika district of the city.

## Confiscation, trial and reactions

The book was published on 20 December 1886, and the next day it was confiscated by the police, following orders from the Minister of Justice. A fierce newspaper feud developed, but the confiscation was upheld by the court, both the City Court and the Supreme Court. A demonstration held outside Prime Minister Johan Sverdrup's (1884–1889) office in January 1887 gathered 5,000 protesters, largely workers and students. The Prime Minister defended his fellow Minister's actions and the confiscation, but expressed the view that he would exterminate the problems described in the novel, and within a few years public prostitution was made illegal in the Norwegian capital.

## Impact

The debate following the publishing and confiscation of Albertine expedited the abolition of public prostitution in Norway.
# Special referee

In law, a special referee acts as a judge on matters of fact only.

## Explanation

In many instances, the interpretation of the specific statutes or case law relevant to a dispute is absolutely clear. The uncertainty between the parties lies in the facts. Hence, a special referee is an expert in the factual topic, whether it be shipping, civil engineering, accounting, etc. The special referee hears evidence and makes factual findings which bind the parties. This will usually be sufficient for the parties to resolve the dispute since the law can now be applied. If the parties still cannot agree, they may initiate proceedings for arbitration or litigation but, on an inter partes basis, the facts are conclusively determined by the judgment of the special referee and only questions of law may be argued before the new forum. Thus, the use of a special referee provides a relatively swift and cost-effective mechanism for dispute resolution if only because the procedure is less formal than in a court and the referee's existing expertise reduces the need to continually explain complex technical and factual matters to a judge who has only legal expertise.

## Scope

The parties may anticipate the possibility of a dispute and nominate a special referee as the most appropriate form of dispute resolution (see forum selection clause). Such clauses cannot limit or deny the right of either party to refer the matter to a court (whether in the state nominated or, if the contract does not specify a state, in any court prepared to accept jurisdiction subject to the rules on forum shopping).
If there is no anticipatory provision in the contract, the parties may, of their own initiative, seek out a person qualified to act as a special referee and submit the factual case to him or her for resolution. Although costs will be involved in legal representation, fees to witnesses, and in the fee to the special referee, the expenditure will be a fraction of the costs of full-scale litigation.
If there is no agreement between the parties, the civil procedure of many states allows the court to refer the matter to a special referee when this will both provide expertise on the facts, and enable the legal case to be disposed of in a more timely fashion. For example, in Canada, the Arbitration Act provides:
    14. (1) Subject to rules of court and to any right to have particular cases tried by a jury, the court or a judge may refer any question arising in any cause or matter, other than a criminal proceeding by the Crown, to an official or special referee for inquiry or report.
    (2) The report of an official or special referee may be adopted wholly or partially by the court or a judge, and if so adopted may be enforced as a judgment or order to the same effect.
As with most legal terminology, there is some variation by jurisdiction in the precise nomenclature used: in some jurisdictions a special referee is known as a "master", "special master" or "auditor".
# Tenyayevo

Tenyayevo (Russian: Теняево; Bashkir: Тәнәй, Tänäy) is a rural locality (a selo) and the administrative centre of Tenyayevsky Selsoviet, Fyodorovsky District, Bashkortostan, Russia. The population was 446 as of 2010. There are 6 streets.

## Geography

Tenyayevo is located 9 km northwest of Fyodorovka (the district's administrative centre) by road. Sashino is the nearest rural locality.
# Gavazleh, West Azerbaijan

Gavazleh (Persian: گوزله; also known as Gavazlī) is a village in Alan Rural District, in the Central District of Sardasht County, West Azerbaijan Province, Iran. In 2006, its population was 82, in 18 families.