OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Duke of Cardona

Duke of Cardona (Spanish: Duque de Cardona) is a hereditary title in the Peerage of Spain, accompanied by the dignity of Grandee. The title was granted in 1491 by Ferdinand II to Juan Ramón Folch de Cardona, 5th Count of Cardona, as an elevation to dukedom.
It was originally granted as "Viscount of Cardona" (1040-1375) and later elevated to "Count of Cardona" (1375-1491), as a noble title in the 15th century to members of the Catalan family known as "Folch de Cardona".

## Counts of Cardona

| | Holder | Period |
| I | Hug II de Cardona | 1375–1400 |
| II | Joan Ramón Folc I de Cardona | 1400–1441 |
| III | Joan Ramon Folc II de Cardona | 1441–1471 |
| IV | Joan Ramon Folc III de Cardona | 1471–1486 |
| V | Joan Ramon Folc IV de Cardona | 1486–1491 |

## Dukes of Cardona

| | Holder | Period |
| Created by Fernando II of Aragon |||
| I | Juan Ramón Folch IV de Cardona | 1491–1513 |
| II | Fernando Folch de Cardona y Enríquez | 1513–1543 |
| III | Juana Folch de Cardona y Manrique de Lara | 1543–1564 |
| IV | Francisco de Aragón y Cardona | 1564–1575 |
| V | Juana de Aragón y Cardona | 1575–1608 |
| VI | Enrique de Aragón y Enríquez de Cabrera | 1608–1640 |
| VII | Luis de Aragón y Fernández de Córdoba | 1640–1670 |
| VIII | Joaquín de Aragón y Benavides | 1670–1670 |
| IX | Pedro de Aragón Folc de Cardona | disputed |
| X | Catalina de Aragón y Sandoval | 1670–1697 |
| XI | Luis Francisco de la Cerda y Aragón | 1697–1711 |
| XII | Nicolás Fernández de Córdoba y de la Cerda | 1711–1739 |
| XIII | Luis Fernández de Córdoba y Spínola | 1739–1768 |
| XIV | Pedro de Alcántara Fernández de Córdoba y Moncada | 1768–1789 |
| XV | Luis Fernández de Córdoba y Gonzaga | 1789–1806 |
| XVI | Luis Fernández de Córdoba y Benavides | 1806–1840 |
| XVII | Luis Fernández de Córdoba y Ponce de León | 1840–1873 |
| XVIII | Luis Fernández de Córdoba y Pérez de Barradas | 1873–1879 |
| XIX | Luis Fernández de Córdoba y Salabert | 1880–1949 |
| XX | Casilda Fernández de Córdoba y Pablo-Blanco | 1950–1998 |
| XXI | Casilda Guerrero-Burgos y Fernández de Córdoba | 1998–present |
# Kędzierówka

Kędzierówka is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Prażmów, within Piaseczno County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland.
# Geum Min

Geum Min (Korean: 금민; born September 3, 1962) is a South Korean politician. He was a Socialist Party delegate from 2006 until 2008. He also came forward as a candidate in the 17th presidential election.
# Grupo Paz y Democracia

Peace and Democracy Group (Spanish: Grupo Paz y Democracia) is a Honduran non-governmental organization headed by Martha Diaz.
# Lokomotivny

Lokomotivny (Russian: Локомоти́вный) is a closed urban locality (a work settlement) in Chelyabinsk Oblast, Russia, located 264 kilometers (164 mi) southwest from Chelyabinsk. Population: 8,498 (2010 Census); 10,741 (2002 Census).

## Administrative and municipal status

Within the framework of administrative divisions, it is incorporated as the urban-type settlement of oblast significance of Lokomotivny—an administrative unit with the status equal to that of the districts. As a municipal division, the urban-type settlement of oblast significance of Lokomotivny is incorporated as Lokomotivny Urban Okrug.
# Pashiya

Pashiya (Russian: Пашия) is an urban locality (an urban-type settlement) in Gornozavodsky District of Perm Krai, Russia. Population: 3,898 (2010 Census); 4,245 (2002 Census); 5,317 (1989 Soviet census).
# Tezno District

The Tezno District (pronounced; Slovene: Mestna četrt Tezno, German: Thesen) is a city district of the City Municipality of Maribor in northeastern Slovenia. In 2014, the district had a population of 11,732. After World War II, a large trench in Tezno became a major mass grave, which was later investigated by the Commission on Concealed Mass Graves in Slovenia.
# Klusmann

Klusmann is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Charles Klusmann (1933–2024), American pilot
* Steffen Klusmann (born 1966), German journalist
# The Rigorous Fate

The Rigorous Fate (Spanish: El rigor del destino), also released as The Sternness of Fate, is a 1985 Argentine drama-historical film written and directed by Gerardo Vallejo. It stars Carlos Carella, Víctor Laplace, Leonor Manso, and Ana María Picchio. The film was released on August 29, 1985, and was awarded the Golden Columbus Award at the Ibero-American Film Festival of Huelva that same year. It was entered into the 14th Moscow International Film Festival.

## Summary

The reunion of a child from Tucumán with his grandfather leads him to uncover the history of his father, a prominent workers' lawyer and advocate for social justice.

## Cast

* Alberto Benegas
* Carlos Carella
* Fred Carneano
* Víctor Laplace
* Leonor Manso
* Ana María Picchio
* Susana Romero
# Torre Ejecutiva Pemex

The Pemex Executive Tower (Spanish: Torre Ejecutiva Pemex) is an office skyscraper in Mexico City. The 211-metre (692 ft) international style tower was built between 1979 and 1984. Since the building's opening, it has been occupied by state-owned Pemex, one of the largest petroleum companies in the world.

## History

The Pemex Executive Tower originally proposed to replace two 14-story towers built between 1967 and 1970. Later, these buildings were replaced by a pair of 26-story towers to house Pemex's administrative offices. However, the 1980s oil boom demanded office space growth and Pemex decided to build a single 51-story tower in a downtown lot with a huge plaza covering an underground avenue. The building is anchored to the ground, resting on 164 concrete and steel piles that penetrate to a depth of 35 meters surpassing the old filling swampy lake to reach firmer ground. In addition, its x-braced structure features 90 shock-absorbers to minimize oscillations from earthquakes. The tower was completed in 1984, but the surrounding plaza was never completed.
The Pemex Executive Tower remained the tallest building in Mexico for almost 20 years, until August 2003, when the 55-story Torre Mayor was completed only 800 m (2,600 ft) away. As of January 2018, the Torre Pemex is the sixth tallest building in Mexico, and the fourth tallest in Mexico City. The tower is currently occupied by approximately 7,000 Pemex employees.
On 19 September 1985, the tower withstood a magnitude 8.1 earthquake, as well as other strong earthquakes that commonly strike Mexico City. The building was designed to withstand an earthquake of 8.5 on the Richter scale.

## January 2013 explosion

On 31 January 2013, a powerful explosion rocked the tower, claiming 37 lives and injuring approximately 126. The explosion is believed to have occurred in the basement of the building's link to an adjacent building (which took the most damage). A gas leak and following accumulation ignited by sparks is believed to be the cause of the explosion. Employees said that the Torre Ejecutiva swayed and vibrated for a few seconds.
* Pemex Executive Tower
* Pemex Tower at night
# Kępa Bielańska

Kępa Bielańska is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Kozienice, within Kozienice County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately 9 kilometres (6 mi) north of Kozienice and 72 km (45 mi) south-east of Warsaw.
# Assistant Chief of Armed Forces Training & Procurement

The Assistant Chief of Armed Forces Training & Procurement (Swedish: Förbandsproduktionschefen, C PROD FPE/C FÖRBPROD, sometimes as Chefen för förbandsproduktion) or Chief of Training (Swedish: Utbildningschef) was a two-star role within the Training & Procurement Staff in the Swedish Armed Forces Headquarters, responsible for the Swedish military academies and Swedish Armed Forces Human Resources Center. The Assistant Chief of Armed Forces Training & Procurement reported to the Chief of Armed Forces Training & Procurement.

## Organisation

The Assistant Chief of Armed Forces Training & Procurement was also the Chief of Training (Utbildningschef).
The Assistant Chief of Armed Forces Training & Procurement together with the Chief of Army, Chief of Navy and Chief of Air Force as well as the Chief of Management System (Ledningssystemchefen, LSC), Chief of Defence Logistics, (Resursproduktionschefen, C PROD RPE) and the Chief of Home Guard reported to the Chief of Armed Forces Training & Procurement.
The following units reported to the Assistant Chief of Armed Forces Training & Procurement: the Swedish Armed Forces Human Resources Center (Försvarsmaktens HR-centrum, FM HRC), Military Academy Karlberg and Military Academy Halmstad (Militärhögskolan Halmstad, MHS H).

## Assistant Chiefs of Armed Forces Training & Procurement

| No. | Chief of Defence Staff | Took office | Left office | Time in office | Defence branch | Prime Minister |
| 1 | Salestrand, JanMajor general Jan Salestrand (born 1954) | 2005 | 2007 | 1–2 years | Air Force | Göran Persson Fredrik Reinfeldt |
| 2 | Mårtensson, GöranBrigadier general Göran Mårtensson (born 1960) | 2007 | 2009 | 1–2 years | Army | Fredrik Reinfeldt |
| 3 | Karlson, GunnarMajor general Gunnar Karlson (born 1960) | 2009 | 4 June 2012 | 2–3 years | Army | Fredrik Reinfeldt |
| 4 | Svensson, BengtMajor general Bengt Svensson (born 1958) | 4 June 2012 | 12 October 2014 | 1–2 years | Army | Fredrik Reinfeldt |
| 5 | Engelbrektson, KarlMajor general Karl Engelbrektson (born 1962) | 13 October 2014 | 30 May 2016 | 1 year, 230 days | Army | Stefan Löfven |
| 6 | Callert, AndersMajor general Anders Callert (born 1965) | 1 June 2016 | 2021 | 4–5 years | Army | Stefan Löfven |
| 7 | Lindfors, JonnyBrigadier general Jonny Lindfors (born 1975) | 16 March 2021 | 31 December 2022 | 1 year, 290 days | Army | Stefan Löfven |

## Footnotes

* ↑ Callert was brigadier general when taking office on 1 June 2016 and was promoted to major general on 26 January 2017.
# Long Island (Bahamas Parliament constituency)

Long Island is a parliamentary constituency represented in the House of Assembly of the Bahamas. It elects one member of parliament (MP) using the first past the post electoral system. It has been represented by Adrian Gibson from the Free National Movement since 2021.

## Geography

The constituency consists of the districts of Long Island.

## Members of Parliament

| Election | Parliament | Candidate | Party |
| 2002 | 10th Bahamian Parliament | | |
| 2007 | 11th Bahamian Parliament | Lawrence Cartwright | |
| 2012 | 12th Bahamian Parliament | Loretta Butler-Turner | Free National Movement |
| 2017 | 13th Bahamian Parliament | Adrian Gibson | Free National Movement |
| 2021 | 14th Bahamian Parliament | Adrian Gibson | Free National Movement |
# Bartym

Bartym (Russian: Бартым) is a rural locality (a village) in Beryozovskoye Rural Settlement, Beryozovsky District, Perm Krai, Russia. The population was 55 as of 2010. There are 3 streets.

## Geography

Bartym is located on the Bartym River, 9 km northeast of Beryozovka (the district's administrative centre) by road. Kopchikovo is the nearest rural locality.
# Natangians

Natangians or Notangians (Prussian: Notangi; Polish: Natangowie; Lithuanian: Notangai; German: Natanger) was a Prussian clan, which lived in the region of Natangia, an area that is now mostly part of the Russian exclave Kaliningrad Oblast, whereas the southern portion lies in the Polish Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship.
In the 13th century, when the Teutonic Knights began their crusade against the Prussians, some 15,000 people might have lived in the area between the Pregolya and Łyna rivers. The Natangian lands bordered with Sambia in the north, Warmia in the west and south, and Bartia in the southeast. They likely spoke a West Baltic language, now extinct, similar to Old Prussian language.

## History

Natangians are first mentioned in a 1238 treaty between the Knights and Duke Świętopełk II of Pomerania. They were conquered by the Teutonic Knights around 1239–1240. In order to prevent the Natangians from liberating themselves from Teutonic rule, the Teutonic Order erected the Kreuzburg Castle in Natangia. The Treaty of Christburg of early 1249, which assured personal freedom to newly converted Christians, included Natangians. However, the treaty failed to address the underlying causes of the conflict, and Natangians massacred 54 knights in the Battle of Krücken in November 1249. But the victory was short-lived, the Knights regained their strength in just two years and continued their crusade. In 1255 they built Königsberg (now Kaliningrad) at the mouth of Pregolya river, right on the border between Natangia and Sambia.
During the Great Prussian Uprising (1260–1274), the Natangians elected Herkus Monte, who was educated in Germany, as their chief. At first he was successful and defeated the Knights in the Battle of Pokarwis and Battle of Löbau. However, the rebels were unable to capture the brick castles built by the Knights and were defeated. Herkus, who had been one of the most prominent leaders of the Prussians, was captured and hanged in 1273. The Natangian nobles submitted to the Germans, who promised privileges and undisturbed ownership of their estates. Natangians, led by Sabynas and Stanta, rebelled for the last time in 1295. In 1454, the region was incorporated by King Casimir IV Jagiellon to the Kingdom of Poland. After the subsequent Thirteen Years' War, the longest of all Polish–Teutonic wars, since 1466, it formed part of Poland as a fief held by the Teutonic Order, and after 1525 held by secular Ducal Prussia.
When German colonists settled in the area, the Natangians kept their local language and customs up until the 17th century. Later on, their identity disappeared by the end of the 17th century or the beginning of the 18th century as they merged with the German population, but the local populace still defined themselves as "Natangians" up to 1945 and even the local newspaper of Landsberg (Górowo Iławeckie) was called "Natanger Zeitung" after 1919.
# Aliaksei Shalanda

Aliaksei Shalanda, Candidate of Sciences (Belarusian: Аляксей Шаланда, born 31 May 1969), is a Belarusian historian and heraldist.

## Biography

A. Shalanda was born in Hrodna and graduated from the University of Hrodna in 1993. In 2000 he received his Candidate of Sciences title, (dissertation thesis: Heraldry of the nobility of Belarus in the second half of 16th century - 18th century, Belarusian: Шляхецкая геральдыка Беларусі ў другой палове ХVІ–ХVІІІ ст.).
Since 2008, A. Shalanda has been working at the Institute of History of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus. In 2010-2012 he was head of the Heraldry and Numismatics Sector of the Special Historical Research and Informational-Analytical Work Department of the institute. Since 2012, he has been Head of the Special Historical Research and Informational-Analytical Work Department.
In 2015–2020, he was Head of Department of Genealogy, Heraldry and Numismatics of the Institute of History of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus.
In December 2020, the Department of Heraldry, Genealogy and Numismatics led by Professor Aliaksei Shalanda was closed and he himself along several of his colleagues was fired, allegedly for supporting nationwide protests against the regime of Alexander Lukashenko that followed a controversial presidential election in August 2020. A. Shalanda gave his expert opinion on the request of a court regarding the historical white-red-white flag of Belarus, a popular protest symbol, pointing out that there was no ground for the police to prosecute citizens for the public display of the flag.

## Selected works

* Сімвалы і гербы зямель Беларусі ў Х–ХVІІІ ст. геральдычна-сфрагістычныя нарысы [Symbols and coats of arms of the lands of Belarus in the 10th-18th centuries], 2012.
* Таямнічы свет беларускіх гербаў. Шляхецкая геральдыка Вялікага княства Літоўскага [The mysterious world of Belarusian coats of arms. The heraldry of the nobility of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania], 2014.
* Код Францішка Скарыны. Геральдычныя матэрыялы ў пражскіх і віленскіх выданнях беларускага першадрукара [The Code of Frantsishak Skaryna. Heraldic materials in the Prague and Vilnius publishings of the Belarusian book printer], 2017.

## Links

* Publications at Worldcat.org
# Independent National Party (Uruguay)

The Independent National Party (Spanish: Partido Nacional Independiente), also known locally as Independent Nationalism (Spanish: Nacionalismo Independiente), was a political party in Uruguay.
The party was founded as a rejection of the caudillo personalism represented in the National Party by the figure of Herrera, and had two important journalistic spokespersons: the morning newspaper El País and the evening newspaper El Plata, which, as noted by one study, “at a certain point expressed different and opposite nuances, even within Independent Nationalism.” The group was not perfectly homogeneous, with one observer at the time noting that “it is made up of small and great trends that vary from reactionism to those that support more radical ideas. (...) It's not possible to harmonize on the same tuning fork those who have been enemies of the minimum wage and those who have defended it as an essential necessity.” The Independent Nationalist Party maintained a firm opposition to the regime of Gabriel Terra, but after the Second World War, as noted by one study, “it was characterized by its growing identification with the politics of the United States, as well as its increasingly conservative positions on economic-social matters.”
Among its most prominent members were: Martín C. Martínez, Washington Beltrán Mullin, and Juan A. Ramírez.
# Lycée Français Jules Verne (Guatemala)

The Lycée français Jules Verne (Spanish: Colegio Julio Verne is a French international school in Fraijanes, Guatemala. It serves levels maternelle (preschool) to lycée (senior high school).
# Mireval

Mireval (French pronunciation:; Occitan: Miravau) is a commune in the Hérault department in Occitanie in southern France. Vic-Mireval station has rail connections to Narbonne, Montpellier and Avignon.
It is famous for its muscat wine, the Muscat de Mireval, about which François Rabelais wrote at the beginning of the 16th century.
# Shurjeh-ye Emam Jomeh

Shurjeh-ye Emam Jomeh (Persian: شورجه امام جمعه, also Romanized as Shūrjeh-ye Emām Jom‘eh) is a village in Varqeh Rural District, in the Central District of Charuymaq County, East Azerbaijan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 132, in 22 families.
# Csaba Gaspar

Csaba Gaspar (born 27 July 1955) is an Argentine fencer. He competed in the foil and épée events at the 1984 Summer Olympics.
# Møysalen National Park

Møysalen National Park (Norwegian: Møysalen nasjonalpark) is a national park located on the island of Hinnøya in Nordland county, Norway. The park was established in 2003 to preserve undisturbed coastal alpine landscape. The scenery is characterized by peaks jutting out of the ocean and fjords, the highest point is the 1,262-metre (4,140 ft) tall Møysalen mountain. The park mostly lies in Lødingen Municipality, but the far northern part crosses over into Sortland Municipality.
The park is largely undisturbed from its natural state. This is one of very few national parks in Norway that goes all the way down to sea level; the Vestpollen fjord branch of the Øksfjorden is included inside the national park. The park thus also includes areas with undisturbed birch forest in addition to the mountains. There are many fens and bogs in the park, but most are not large.
The steep mountains and rich seashores nearby with many seabirds, as well as populations of rodents, provide good hunting areas for several species of predatory birds including white tailed eagle, golden eagle, gyrfalcon, and peregrine falcon. A number of other rare and endangered birds of prey breed in the park, including kestrels, merlins, and rough-legged buzzards. The animal life is typical for this part of Nordland county. The Eurasian otter, regarded as a vulnerable species in Norway as a whole, is common here. The area around the Øksfjorden is a core area for moose on Hinnøya island. Other common species are hares, red foxes, stoats and American mink.
# Agios Isidoros, Lesbos

Agios Isidoros (Greek: Άγιος Ισίδωρος) is a village in the municipal unit of Plomari, Lesbos Island, Greece. It is located just 2 km (1.2 mi) outside the town of Plomari, South Lesbos. It has a pebbled beach which is one of the longest in Lesbos and voted as the 7th best beach in Greece due to the safety provided, the clean water and care for the environment.
# Margaret A. Zahn

Margaret A. Zahn is an American sociologist and criminologist at North Carolina State University. She received her PhD in sociology from the Ohio State University in 1969. Zahn has served as president of the American Society of Criminology and has received Fellow of the American Society of Criminology for Outstanding Lifetime Career Achievement.

## Professional career

Zahn has served as a professor at multiple universities. She began her tenure-track career at Temple University, where she worked as a professor in the Department of Sociology from 1969 until 1987. From 1987 until 1990, she served as professor and chair for the Department of Sociology, Social Work, and Criminal Justice at Northern Arizona University. At University of North Carolina-Charlotte, Zahn served as chair of the Department of Sociology and Anthropology and as associate dean in the College of Arts and Sciences from 1990 to 1995.
Zahn began working at North Carolina State University (NCSU) in 1995 and is currently emerita professor of sociology. While at NCSU, she has served as dean of the College of Humanities and Social Sciences from 1995 to 2001. While on leave from NCSU, she served in leadership roles for the Violence and Victimization Division and the Office of Research and Evaluation at the National Institute of Justice in Washington, D.C.
Zahn has help multiple positions in the American Society of Criminology and the American Sociological Association. In 1997, she served as president of the American Society of Criminology. From 1999 until 2001, she served on the board of directors of Consortium of Society Sciences Associations.
Zahn retired in 2017. As of 2019, she is professor emerita at NCSU.

## Awards

Zahn has received multiple awards including Fellow of the American Society of Criminology for Outstanding Lifetime Career Achievement and the Herbert Bloch Award from the American Society of Criminology. She received the Spivak Award from the American Sociological Society.

## Research and publications

Zahn has published multiple peer-reviewed articles and books. She primarily studies violence, girls' delinquency, and homicide. Some of her publications include:
* "Stranger homicides in nine American cities". Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology, 1987.
* "Determining what works for girls in the juvenile justice system: A summary of evaluation evidence". Crime & Delinquency, 2009.
* The Delinquent Girl. Temple University Press, 2009.
* "Causes and correlates of girls' delinquency". Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention. US Department of Justice, 2010.