OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Shumyachi

Shumyachi (Russian: Шумячи; Belarusian: Шумячы) is an urban locality (an urban-type settlement) and the administrative center of Shumyachsky District of Smolensk Oblast, Russia. Population: 4,227 (2010 Census); 4,731 (2002 Census); 5,724 (1989 Soviet census).

## History

Shumyachi is first mentioned in 1587 when it belonged to Poland. In 1772, as a result of the First Partition of Poland, it was transferred to Russia and included in the newly established Mogilev Governorate. It belonged to Klimovichsky Uyezd. In 1919, Mogilev Governorate was abolished, and the area was transferred to Gomel Governorate. In 1922, it was included to Roslavlsky Uyezd of Smolensk Governorate.
On 12 July 1929, governorates and uyezds were abolished, and Shumyachsky District with the administrative center in the settlement of Shumyachi was established. The district belonged to Roslavl Okrug of Western Oblast. On August 1, 1930, the okrugs were abolished, and the districts were subordinated directly to the oblast. On 27 September 1937 Western Oblast was abolished and split between Oryol and Smolensk Oblasts. Shumyachsky District was transferred to Smolensk Oblast. Between August 1941 and 1943, during WWII, the district was occupied by German troops. In 1965, Shumyachi was granted the urban-type settlement status.

## Economy

The enterprises in the district produce peat, glass, as well as there are several enterprises of food industry.

## Transportation

Shumyachi has access to the A130 highway (the "Warsaw Highway") which connects Moscow with Babruysk via Obninsk, Roslavl, and Krychaw. There are also local roads with bus traffic originating from Shumyachi. The closest railway station to Shumyachi Ponyatovka railway station, about 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) south of Shumyachi. It is on the railway connecting Roslavl and Krychaw; there is no passenger traffic.

## Culture

In Shumyachi, there is a local museum.

## Notable people

* Gershon Edelstein
# Cherendey

Cherendey (Russian: Черендей; Yakut: Чэрэндэй, Çerendey) is a rural locality (a selo), one of three settlements, in addition to Daban and Kochegarovo, in Dabansky Rural Okrug of Olyokminsky District in the Sakha Republic, Russia. It is located 67 kilometers (42 mi) from Olyokminsk, the administrative center of the district and 31 kilometers (19 mi) from Daban. Its population as of the 2002 Census was 0.
# Vasco Prado

Vasco Prado (Uruguaiana, April 16, 1914 – Porto Alegre, December 9, 1998) was a Brazilian sculptor and engraver.
# Posyolok otdeleniya 1 sovkhoza AMO

Posyolok otdeleniya 1 sovkhoza AMO (Russian: Посёлок отделения № 1 совхоза «АМО») is a rural locality (settlement) in Amovskoye Rural Settlement, Novoanninsky District, Volgograd Oblast, Russia. Its population was 98 as of 2010. It has four streets.

## Geography

The settlement is located in steppe on the Khopyorsko-Buzulukskaya Plain, 35 km southeast of Novoanninsky (the district's administrative centre) by road. Burnatsky is the nearest rural locality.
# Vasilyevka, Konyshyovsky District, Kursk Oblast

Vasilyevka (Russian: Васильевка) is a rural locality (Russian: деревня, lit. 'village') in Naumovsky Selsoviet Rural Settlement, Konyshyovsky District, Kursk Oblast, Russia. Population: 183 (2010 Census); 259 (2002 Census);

## Geography

The village is located on the Chmacha River (a left tributary of the Svapa River), 49 km from the Russia–Ukraine border, 77 km north-west of Kursk, 15 km north-west of the district center – the urban-type settlement Konyshyovka, 3 km from the selsoviet center – Naumovka.

### Climate

Vasilyevka has a warm-summer humid continental climate (Dfb in the Köppen climate classification).

## Transport

Vasilyevka is located 43 km from the federal route M-3 Ukraine Highway, 52 km from the route M-2 Crimea Highway, 25 km from the route A-142 (Trosna – M3 highway), 10 km from the road of regional importance 38K-003 (Dmitriyev – Beryoza – Menshikovo – Khomutovka), on the road of intermunicipal significance 38H-144 (Konyshyovka – Makaro-Petrovskoye, with the access road to the villages of Belyayevo and Chernicheno), 7 km from the nearest railway halt Grinyovka (railway line Navlya – Lgov-Kiyevsky).
The rural locality is situated 83 km from Kursk Vostochny Airport, 174 km from Belgorod International Airport and 284 km from Voronezh Peter the Great Airport.

### Population

In 2002 the population of Vasilyevka was 259. By 2010, the population had shrunk to 183.
# Amphicrates

Amphicrates (Ancient Greek: Ἀμφικράτης) was an early king of Samos (fl. 700 BC or 600 BC or 550 BC). He is known only from a brief reference in Herodotus and his date is much disputed.
Herodotus mentions Amphicrates in passing to explain why the people of Aegina enslaved a group of Samian exiles around 525 BC. He says that they did this because they remembered that King Amphicrates of Samos had led an attack on Aegina in which he "did the Aeginetans great harm and suffered great harm in turn." There have been three proposals for the context of this event.
* The first was proposed by J. P. Barron and followed by Graham Shipley. They link the event with the Lelantine War waged between the Euboean cities of Chalcis and Eretria around 700 BC, in which Samos is meant to have supported the Chalcideans. It is not clear why this would lead to an invasion of Aegina. The date and even existence of the Lelantine War has been questioned in recent scholarship.
* T. J. Figueira and Aideen Carty proposed that Amphicrates' invasion of Aegina was connected to a conflict in which the Aeginetans attempted to win independence from Epidaurus, with the help of Periander of Corinth. Epidaurus was Samos' mother city and Amphicrates might have led an invasion in order to support the Epidaurians. This event would have taken place a little before 600 BC. Carty suggests that it explains an episode recorded without context in Herodotus, in which the Samians seized a convoy of slaves sent by Periander to King Alyattes of Lydia.
* G. Schmidt and Robert Drews propose the Amphicrates ruled in mid-sixth century BC, as the immediate predecessor of Polycrates of Samos. This proposal has found little support, because it does not seem possible to fit Amphicrates into what is known about the chronology of Samos in this period from other sources.
At some point, the Samian kingship was overthrown and replaced with an oligarchy ruled by a group called the Geomoroi ('land-sharers'). The date of Amphicrates is important, because he must pre-date this event. J. P. Barron and G. Shipley suggest that the Geomoroi overthrew the Samian in response to Amphicrates' failure on Aegina; but another source, Plutarch, says that the king that they overthrew was called Demoteles (perhaps Amphicrates' successor).
# FC Amur-2010 Blagoveshchensk

FC Amur-2010 Blagoveshchensk (Russian: ФК «Амур-2010» Благовещенск) was a Russian football club from Blagoveshchensk, founded in 2010 and dissolved in 2014.
Its predecessor, FC Amur Blagoveshchensk, played on the second-highest level (Soviet First League and Russian First Division) in 1960–1962, 1992 and 2005. In 1997-2001 the team was called FC Amur-Energiya.
On September 17, 2009, FC Amur was excluded from the Russian Second Division for not coming to two away games. At the time it was 9th in the table with 12 points in 20 games. The club was officially dissolved. In 2010, a new club called FC Amur-2010, independent from the old bankrupt one, was established. It advanced to the Russian Second Division for the 2011 season. After the 2013–14 season, FC Amur-2010 was also dissolved.
# Pachites

Pachites is a genus of flowering plants in the orchid family, Orchidaceae. It contains two known species, both endemic to South Africa. One of these, Pachites appressus, is very rare.
Pachites was named by John Lindley in 1835. The name is derived from the Greek word pachys, meaning "thick, stout", and refers to the rostellum.
In Genera Orchidacearum volume 2, Pachites and Satyrium constitute the subtribe Satyriinae of the tribe Diseae. After that work was published in 2001, molecular phylogenetic studies showed that Pachites does not form a clade with Satyrium. Instead, Pachites occupies a basal position in Diseae. In spite of the papers published in 2008 and 2009, uncertainties remain over the exact relationships of Pachites to other genera. In a classification of orchids that was published in 2015, Pachites, Disa, and Huttonaea constitute the subtribe Disinae of the tribe Orchideae. This circumscription of Disinae, however, was done provisionally, to avoid creating new subtribes before further studies could determine, with increased certainty, the true affinities of these three genera.

## Species

| Species | Range | Image |
| Pachites appressus John Lindley, 1835 | Langeberg Mountains | |
| Pachites bodkinii Harry Bolus, 1893 | Cape Province | |
# Hartschier

Hartschiere (singular form: Hartschier) were predominantly members of the Bavarian residence guards before 1918, a historic military branch of the former Duchy and the later Electorate and at last Kingdom of Bavaria.

## History

According to Meyers Konversations-Lexikon, the Germanized word Hartschier originally derived from the Italian word arciere for archer, but it might also be possible that it has Spanish roots, because the Bavarian Duke William IV received a Spanish archer company (Spanish: arqueros) of Charles I of Spain and added Bavarian court bodyguards with notable roots in the deep Middle Ages. On April 13, 1669, Ferdinand Maria transformed this unit to the Hartschier-Garde. The name of the former Austrian equivalent, the k.k. Arcièren-Leibgarde, is similar-sounding.
The Bavarian palace guard troop, later called Königlich-Bayerische Leibgarde der Hartschier (L.G.H.), had only ceremonial and no conventional military functions. Relating to military affairs, the Command of the Leibgarde der Hartschiere was directly subordinated to the Army Ministry. By contrast the Leibgarde der Hartschiere by itself was subordinated, concerning civilian and criminal justiciable affairs, to the General Command in Munich like the other military branches. In addition to the Hartschiere, the kings of Bavaria had a royal house regiment from the end of the Napoleonic Wars until the fall of the kingdom after World War I, the so-called Infantry Lifeguards Regiment.
Entrance to this Guard was only possible for soldiers of impeccable character and conduct. The commander of the Hartschier troop had the title Generalkapitän (see also Captain General), associated with the highest class ranking in the Hofrangordnung (court order of precedence). He was appointed personally by the king.
In 1852 the Hartschiere got new uniforms with white supra vests over their jackets and helmets instead of the former caps, made of nickeled tin and gilded cast brass. The golden helmet plate showed the royal coats of arms and on top of the helmet was a standing golden lion figure. The helmet was worn with the lion for normal service, which was replaced by a white horsehair plume on full dress occasions. Older helmets had obviously two-headed eagle figures on top instead of the lion. The embroidered patch on the chest of the Hartschiere showed a large version of the Order of Saint Hubertus (Hubertusorden) with its motto "in trau vast" (means: be firm in fidelity). The Hartschiere were armed with épées and the halberd-like "couse".
On the occasion of the 200th anniversary a commemorative medal (2 Ducats) with a portrait of Ludwig II of Bavaria was given out in 1869.

## Notable members

* Maximilian Graf Seyssel d’Aix, Generalkapitän from 1837 to 1845
* Christian Frhr. von Zweibrücken, Generalkapitän
* Leonhard Frhr. von Hohenhausen, Generalkapitän after 1861
* Siegmund von Pranckh, Generalkapitän after 1876
* Maximilian Graf von Verri della Bosia, Generalkapitän
* Felix Graf von Bothmer, last Generalkapitän from 1909 to 1918
# Kanglung

Kanglung (Dzongkha: བཀང་ལུང་།) is a town in eastern Bhutan. It is located in Trashigang District and is the location of Sherubtse College, one of the Royal University of Bhutan's academic institutes.
At the 2005 census, its population was 1,717.
# Gusevo, Vinogradovsky District, Arkhangelsk Oblast

Gusevo (Russian: Гусево) is a rural locality (a village) in Vinogradovsky District, Arkhangelsk Oblast, Russia. The population was 2 as of 2010.

## Geography

Gusevo is located 20 km southeast of Bereznik (the district's administrative centre) by road. Korbala is the nearest rural locality.
# Andrew Smart

Andrew James Smart (born 17 March 1986) is an English footballer who last played for Ramsbottom United. He has previously played for Macclesfield Town in the Football League.

## Career
### Macclesfield Town

Born in Wythenshawe, Manchester, Smart came from the youth system at Macclesfield Town and in 2005 he made it into the first team squad. He stayed there for two-years making only nine appearances and not scoring. In 2007, he went out on loan to Northwich Victoria making 18 appearances scoring 1 goal. He was released on his return to Macclesfield.

### Stalybridge Celtic

After his release from Macclesfield Town he joined Conference North side Stalybridge Celtic and he stayed there for two-years where he was more of a first team regular making almost 100 league appearances for them before his move to Hyde.

### Hyde

On 2 July 2010, Smart completed his move to Hyde. He made his debut on 17 July 2010, in a 2–0 pre-season defeat to Manchester City Reserves. He scored his first goal for Hyde on 21 August 2010, in a 5–1 defeat to Alfreton Town. He made it two Hyde goals four days later when he converted penalty in the 3–1 defeat to local rivals Droylsden. In April 2011, he was awarded with the Jack Harrop trophy for leading scorer, after he finished as Hyde's top goalscorer for the 2010–11 season.
He left Hyde during the summer of 2011 as part of a mass clear out at the club. He joined Trafford.FC, before signing for Altrincham in March 2012. He rejoined Trafford for the start of the 2012–2013 season.
In the summer of 2014 he moved to Salford City. He made his club debut in the opening league match of the season on 16 August as Salford beat Scarborough Athletic 4–1. In September 2014 he rejoined Trafford.
He joined Ramsbottom United in 2016 from Glossop North End.
# Baransky

Baransky (Russian: Вулкан Баранского, Vulkan Baranskogo; Japanese: 指臼岳, Sashiusu-dake) is a stratovolcano located in the central part of Iturup Island, Kuril Islands, Russia.
The volcano is named after Nikolay Baransky, Soviet economic geographer. Its only known eruption occurred in 1951 and was cited as only minor activity.
# Telchis

    "Telchis" is also the singular form of "Telchines".
In Greek mythology, Telchis (Ancient Greek: Τελχίς, lit. 'one of the Telchines') may refer to two different or the same characters:
Regnal titles :
| Preceded byEurops | King of Sicyon 20 years | Succeeded byApis |
# 1871 in New Zealand

"none" is preferred when the title is sufficiently descriptive
The following lists events that happened during 1871 in New Zealand.

## Incumbents
### Regal and viceregal

* Head of State – Queen Victoria
* Governor – Sir George Ferguson Bowen

### Government and law

The 1871 election takes place between 14 January and 1 February. The 5th New Zealand Parliament commences.
1 February – Māori elections are held for the first time in conjunction with a general election, although the first Māori MPs had been elected in 1868.
* Speaker of the House – After the election Sir Francis Dillon Bell becomes Speaker replacing Sir David Monro who stood down at the end of 1870.
* Premier – William Fox
* Minister of Finance – Julius Vogel
* Chief Justice – Hon Sir George Arney

### Main centre leaders

* Mayor of Auckland – Philip Philips
* Mayor of Christchurch – Andrew Duncan followed by James Jameson
* Mayor of Dunedin – Thomas Birch followed by Henry Fish
* Mayor of Wellington – Joseph Dransfield

## Events

* 1 February: The Daily Telegraph begins publishing in Napier. It continues until 1999, when it merges with The Hawke's Bay Herald Tribune to form Hawke's Bay Today.
* 5 July: New Zealand's first university, Otago opens its doors. It was absorbed into the University of New Zealand three years later.
* The Westport News begins publication. The newspaper continues to publish Monday-Friday.

## Sport
### Athletics

The first amateur club is formed, in South Canterbury. Professional athletics is already well established.

### Horse racing
#### Major race winners

* New Zealand Cup: Peeress
* New Zealand Derby: Defamation

### Rugby union

* 12 May: Founding of the Wellington Rugby club, the second rugby union club in New Zealand.

### Shooting

Ballinger Belt: Captain Wales (Otago)

## Births

* 10 January: Hoeroa Tiopira, rugby union player
* 10 March (in Europe): George William von Zedlitz, professor of languages
* 6 June: Freeman Wright Holmes, jockey, horse driver, trainer and breeder

## Deaths
### Date unknown

* Helen Ann Wilson, nurse and community leader (b. 1793)
# Kitlope Range

The Kitlope Range is a small subrange of the Kitimat Ranges, located southeast of Kitlope Lake in British Columbia, Canada. It is surrounded by the Tezwa and Kitlope Rivers.
# Central Executive Committee (Philippines)

The Central Executive Committee (Spanish: Comité Ejecutivo Central; in modern Filipino: Komite ng Sentral na Tagapagpaganap) in the Philippines was an insurgent revolutionary government temporarily established by Francisco Macabulos on April 17, 1898, shortly after the December 14, 1897, signing of the Pact of Biak-na-Bato. That pact established a truce between Spanish colonial authorities in the Philippines and the revolutionary Republic of Biak-na-Bato calling for the exile of Emilio Aguinaldo and other senior revolutionaries. The exiled revolutionaries formed the Hong Kong Junta, and the Central Executive Committee was intended to remain in existence in the Philippines "until a general government of the Republic in these islands shall again be established, with a constitution which provided for a President, Vice President, Secretary of War and Secretary of the Treasury.." The committee was dissolved shortly after Aguinaldo's May 19, 1898, return to the Philippines.
# Thasthara

Thasthara (Ancient Greek: Θασθαρα) was a town of ancient Caria. It was a polis (city-state) and a member of the Delian League.
Its site is located near Çavdarköy, Asiatic Turkey.
# Fawzi Al-Issawi

Fawzi Omar Ahmed Al-Issawi (Arabic: فوزي العيساوي; born 27 February 1960) is a Libyan former footballer who played as a midfielder. He was awarded best player of 1982 African Cup of Nations.

## Honours

Al-Nasr SC
* Libyan Premier League: 1987; runner-up 1978, 1984
* Libyan Cup: 1997
Libya
* African Cup of Nations runner-up: 1982
* Islamic Tournament Cup: 1980
* School Cup: 1977
Individual
* Best player of the 1982 African Cup of Nations
* Best scorer of the 1985 African Cup Winners' Cup with 5 goals
* Best player of the century in Libya
# Karaguzhino

Karaguzhino (Russian: Карагужино; Bashkir: Ҡарағужа, Qarağuja) is a rural locality (a village) in Mindyaksky Selsoviet, Uchalinsky District, Bashkortostan, Russia. The population was 79 as of 2010. There are 7 streets.

## Geography

Karaguzhino is located 71 km southwest of Uchaly (the district's administrative centre) by road. Mindyak is the nearest rural locality.
# Hersvik Church

Hersvik Church (Norwegian: Hersvik kyrkje) is a parish church of the Church of Norway in Solund Municipality in Vestland county, Norway. It is located in the village of Hersvikbygda, on the northern part of the island of Sula. It is one of the three churches for the Solund parish which is part of the Nordhordland prosti (deanery) in the Diocese of Bjørgvin. The white, wooden church was built in a long church design in 1891 using plans drawn up by the architect Jacob Wilhelm Nordan. The church seats about 168 people.

## History

In 1888, the prestegjeld (parish) of Solund was established, when it was separated from the large parish of Gulen. At that time, the new parish did not have enough churches for the number of people in the parish, so they began to plan for a new church in the northern part of the municipality. The church was designed by the architect Jacob Wilhelm Nordan, and it was modeled after the nearby Fedje Church, located to the south of Solund. The church was to be a wooden long church with a 10.4-by-7.8-metre (34 ft × 26 ft) nave and a 4.4-by-4.4-metre (14 ft × 14 ft) choir. The parish hired Peter Gabrielsen as the lead builder for the church. Construction began in the spring of 1891 and it lasted for several months. The new church was consecrated on 10 November 1891 by Bishop Fredrik Waldemar Hvoslef. The new church cost about 8500 kr. In 1915, the church received its first wood stove (it had no heat source before that time). In 1962, electric lighting and heat were installed in the church. From its consecration in 1891 until 1 January 2000, the church was the main church for the Hersvik parish. On 1 January 2000, the three parishes in the municipality of Solund were merged into one large parish with three churches.
# Bryansk, Republic of Buryatia

Bryansk (Russian: Брянск) is a rural locality (a selo) in Kabansky District, Republic of Buryatia, Russia. The population was 1,075 as of 2010. There are 12 streets.

## Geography

Bryansk is located 17 km (11 mi) southeast of Kabansk (the district's administrative centre) by road. Selenga is the nearest rural locality.
# Qeshlaq, North Khorasan

Qeshlaq (Persian: قشلاق, also Romanized as Qeshlāq) is a village in Garmkhan Rural District, Garmkhan District, Bojnord County, North Khorasan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 142, in 33 families.
# Pchyolka, Republic of Bashkortostan

Pchyolka (Russian: Пчёлка) is a rural locality (a village) in Leninsky Selsoviet, Kuyurgazinsky District, Bashkortostan, Russia. The population was 2 as of 2010. There are 5 streets.

## Geography

Pchyolka is located 33 km northeast of Yermolayevo (the district's administrative centre) by road. Bugulchan is the nearest rural locality.
# Andy Mitchell (footballer, born 1990)

Andy Mitchell (born 18 April 1990) is an English footballer who is a winger. He made four appearances in The Football League for Chester City.

## Career

A product of Chester's youth policy, 17-year-old Mitchell made his Football League debut as a substitute for Paul Rutherford when Chester visited Darlington on 4 March 2008, under new manager Simon Davies. He went on to appear in three more league matches before the season ended. Mitchell followed fellow youngsters such as Neil Carroll, Paul McManus, Sean Newton and Kevin Roberts in making his senior debut that season for the club.
He failed to make any more league appearances for Chester and was transferred to Bangor City on 2 February 2009 to along with McManus. The pair spent the remainder of the season at the club before joining Airbus UK Broughton. He no longer plays football for the club.
# Pyrgos Kallistis

Pyrgos Kallistis (Greek: Πύργος Καλλίστης, lit. 'Beauty Tower') or simply Pyrgos (Greek: Πύργος, lit. 'Tower') is a village on the Aegean island of Santorini, Greece, in the Cyclades archipelago with a population of 1,078 according to the 2021 census. Pyrgos is part of the Municipality of Thira and is situated approximately 7 km away from the island's capital Fira. It is built amphitheatrically on a hill that offers magnificent views of Santorini in almost all directions. On top of this hill remain the ruins of a Venetian castle (Kasteli) that was once the island's administrative center. Pyrgos is a typical example of medieval architecture with narrow, labyrinthine streets, fortified walls and hidden passages. Nowadays it is one of the villages of Santorini least spoiled by tourism.

## Gallery

* Church in Pyrgos
* A street in the old town
* A passage
* View from the ruins of Kasteli
* Kasteli lit up on a Good Friday night
* Panoramic view of most of the island from Pyrgos