OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Liberation (painting)

Liberation (Norwegian: Frigjøring) is a 1974 painting by the Norwegian artist Odd Nerdrum. It depicts a room with a mattress where a couple have sexual intercourse with the woman on top of the passive man.
Nerdrum's art from the period 1968–1983 is characterized by everyday realism and left-wing politics. Liberation was created in this context, where the radical left propounded a sexual revolution as a way to create a socialist utopia by politicizing every aspect of human life, especially sexuality. Nerdrum made several paintings on the topic of what was considered sexual liberation. The most famous of these are Liberation from 1974 and Spring (Vår) from 1977.

## Provenance

The painting was first presented at Høstutstillingen in 1974. It was exhibited at the Oslo gallery Kunstnerforbundet in 1976 as part of the exhibition Odd Nerdrum Malerier ("Odd Nerdrum Paintings").
# Pautalia Glacier

Pautalia Glacier (Bulgarian: ледник Пауталия, romanized: lednik Pautaliya, IPA:) is a small glacier on Burgas Peninsula, Livingston Island in the South Shetland Islands, Antarctica situated northeast of Strandzha Glacier and south of Sopot Ice Piedmont. It is bounded by Petko Voyvoda Peak to the west, Sozopol Gap to the northwest, Kaloyan Nunatak to the north and Shabla Knoll to the east. The glacier extends 700 m in northwest-southeast direction and 1.1 km in southwest-northeast direction, and flows southeastward into Bransfield Strait.
The feature is named after the ancient Pautalia, ancestor of the present town of Kyustendil in Western Bulgaria.

## Location

Pautalia Glacier is centred at 62°37′41″S 59°51′50″W﻿ / ﻿62.62806°S 59.86389°W﻿ / -62.62806; -59.86389. Bulgarian mapping in 2005 and 2009.
# Sparadok Point

Sparadok Point (Bulgarian: нос Спарадок, ‘Nos Sparadok’ \'nos spa-ra-'dok\) is a sharp ice-free point projecting 200 m from the coast of Byers Peninsula on Livingston Island in the South Shetland Islands, Antarctica with a shingle spit extending further 300 m northwards into Barclay Bay. It is surmounted by Tsamblak Hill. The area was visited by early 19th century sealers.
The point is named after the Thracian King Sparadok, 445-435 BC.

## Location

Sparadok Point is located at 62°37′34″S 61°00′01.4″W﻿ / ﻿62.62611°S 61.000389°W﻿ / -62.62611; -61.000389, which is 1.58 km southwest of Nedelya Point and 2.23 km southeast of Lair Point. British mapping in 1968, Spanish in 1992 and Bulgarian in 2005, 2009 and 2017.

## Maps

* Península Byers, Isla Livingston. Mapa topográfico a escala 1:25000. Madrid: Servicio Geográfico del Ejército, 1992.
* L.L. Ivanov et al. Antarctica: Livingston Island and Greenwich Island, South Shetland Islands. Scale 1:100000 topographic map. Sofia: Antarctic Place-names Commission of Bulgaria, 2005.
* L.L. Ivanov. Antarctica: Livingston Island and Greenwich, Robert, Snow and Smith Islands. Scale 1:120000 topographic map. Troyan: Manfred Wörner Foundation, 2009. ISBN 978-954-92032-6-4
# Plavsk

Plavsk (Russian: Плавск) is a town and the administrative center of Plavsky District in Tula Oblast, Russia, located on the Plava River. Population: 16,165 (2010 Census); 16,750 (2002 Census); 16,559 (1989 Soviet census).

## Administrative and municipal status

Within the framework of administrative divisions, Plavsk serves as the administrative center of Plavsky District. As an administrative division, it is incorporated within Plavsky District as Plavsk Town Under District Jurisdiction. As a municipal division, Plavsk Town Under District Jurisdiction is incorporated within Plavsky Municipal District as Plavsk Urban Settlement.
# Daysan River

The Daysan River or Daisan River was the name of the river that flowed through Urfa, a tributary of the Khabur. Historically known as the Scirtus (Ancient Greek: Σκίρτος), Procopius describes it as a river of Mesopotamia, a western tributary of the Chaboras (modern Khabur). It flowed from 25 sources, and ran past Edessa. (Chron. Edess. in Asseman, Bibl. Or. i. p. 388.) Its name, which signifies the skipping or jumping (from σκιρτάω), is said to have been derived from its rapid course and its frequent overflowings; and its present name of Daysan or Daisan means the same thing. The river has flooded Edessa numerous times, including in 204, 305, and 415 CE. The Syriac writer Bardaisan takes his name from the river.
# Tuareg Shield

The Tuareg Shield is a geological formation lying between the West African craton and the Saharan Metacraton in West Africa. Named after the Tuareg people, it has complex a geology, reflecting the collision between these cratons and later events. The landmass covers parts of Algeria, Niger and Mali.

## Origins

The Tuareg Shield is mainly composed of Archean or Paleoproterozoic terranes and Neoproterozoic terranes that amalgamated during the Pan African orogeny when the West African craton and the Saharan metacraton converged.
The shield originated in oceanic island arcs that formed on the cratons during 900 Ma to 680 Ma, of which relics remain as thrust sheets on top of more rigid bodies.
In Mali, the Tilemsi belt is a complex of intraoceanic arcs that formed above a subduction zone sloping down to the east and were accreted to the shield during the Pan-African orogeny. The western part of the Hoggar Mountains (Ahaggar Mountains) is made of material from the Pharusian Ocean.
This comprises oceanic basalts, arc volcanic and sedimentary rocks and sediments, which were shed into the Pharusian Ocean by the West African craton and the eastern Hoggar.

## Fracturing

During the oblique collision of the West African craton with the Saharan metacraton the shield was torn into separate but rigid moving blocks. These blocks were separated by subvertical shear zones.
The fractured shield was penetrated by volcanic magmas that formed the Hoggar Mountains in Algeria, Adrar des Ifoghas in Mali and Aïr Mountains in Niger.
The Trans-Saharan orogenic belt which lies along the eastern margin of the West African craton is generally thought to have been caused by the collision between that craton and the Tuareg shield.

## Later events

At the start of the Phanerozoic the shield was eroded and covered by Ordovician sandstones. More recently, around 95 Ma - 90 Ma, the area was partly submerged by a seaway linking the Mediterranean and the proto-Atlantic. Since then, starting around 30 Ma the area rose by as much as 3000 meters.
Volcanic activity started around 35 Ma - 30 Ma, and continues sporadically to this day. The higher areas consist of the uplifted Precambrian basement overlaid with volcanic rocks.
# Green-capped eremomela

The green-capped eremomela or greencap eremomela (Eremomela scotops) is a species of bird formerly placed in the "Old World warbler" assemblage, but now placed in the family Cisticolidae.

## Range and habitat

It is found in Angola, Botswana, Burundi, Republic of the Congo, DRC, Gabon, Kenya, Malawi, Mozambique, Namibia, Rwanda, South Africa, Swaziland, Tanzania, Uganda, Zambia, and Zimbabwe. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical dry forests and dry savanna.

## Races

There are five accepted races:
* E. s. congensis Reichenow, 1905 – Gabon to Angola and DRC
* E. s. pulchra (Bocage, 1878) – Angola, DRC, Zambia, western Malawi, Namibia and Botswana
* E. s. citriniceps (Reichenow, 1882) – Uganda, Kenya, Tanzania, Rwanda and Burundi
* E. s. kikuyuensis van Someren, 1931 – Kenya
* E. s. scotops Sundevall, 1850 – coastal Kenya, through eastern Malawi to northern South Africa
# USS Energy (AMc-78)

USS Energy (AMc-78) was an Accentor-class minesweeper acquired by the U.S. Navy for the dangerous task of removing mines from minefields laid in the water to prevent ships from passing.
Energy was launched 20 September 1941 by W. A. Robinson, Inc., of Ipswich, Massachusetts; sponsored by Mrs. E. Benedix; and commissioned 1 January 1942. After conducting tests at the Mine Warfare School at Yorktown, Virginia, Energy arrived at St. George’s, Bermuda 24 March 1942, for sweeping duty until 20 October, when she sailed for Boston, Massachusetts. Here she was decommissioned 9 November 1942, and given "in-service" status. She became YDT-3 in July 1946 and continued to serve with the 1st Naval District. She was reported sold in 1960.
# University of Ciego de Ávila

The University of Ciego de Ávila "Máximo Gómez Báez" (Spanish: Universidad de Ciego de Ávila "Máximo Gómez Báez", UNICA) is a public university located in Ciego de Ávila, Cuba. It was founded in 1978 and is organized in 7 Faculties.

## Organization

These are the 5 faculties in which the university is divided into:
* Faculty of Engineering
* Faculty of Economics
* Faculty of Informatics
* Faculty of Agriculture
* Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities
# Permanent Under-Secretary of State for Defence

The Permanent Under-Secretary of State for Defence, also called the Permanent Secretary to the Ministry of Defence, is the permanent secretary at the Ministry of Defence. The office holder is the government's principal civilian adviser on Defence matters. The office holder is a member of the Defence Council and the Defence Board. They are the MOD Principal Accounting Officer, and are called to give evidence to the Defence Select Committee.
The position has existed in its current format since the formation of the modern Ministry of Defence in 1964. It was preceded by the Permanent Secretary at the earlier Ministry of Defence (1947–1964), and by the Permanent Secretaries at the government departments that were absorbed into the Ministry of Defence in 1964: the Permanent Secretary to the Admiralty, the Permanent Under-Secretary of State for War, and the Permanent Secretary to the Air Ministry.
The current Permanent Secretary to the MOD is David Williams.

## Responsibilities

* Leading defence (with CDS);
* Setting strategy for defence, including corporate strategy (subject to ministers’ direction, and together with CDS);
* Heading the Department of State and the MOD Civil Service;
* Providing policy advice to ministers and leading the relationship with other government departments;
* The overall organisation, management and staffing of defence;
* Performing the full range of Accounting Officer responsibilities, including the delegation of financial and other authority and accountability to senior colleagues, with personal accountability to Parliament for the economic, efficient and effective use of defence resources.

## Permanent Secretaries to the Ministry of Defence (1947–1964)

The Permanent Secretaries at the earlier Ministry of Defence (1947–1964):
* 1947: Sir Henry Wilson Smith
* 1948: Sir Harold Parker
* 1956: Sir Richard Powell
* 1960: Sir Edward Playfair
* 1961: Sir Robert Scott
* 1964: Sir Henry Hardman

## Permanent Secretaries to the Ministry of Defence (1964–present)

* Henry Hardman (1964–1966)
* James Dunnett (1966–1974)
* Michael Cary (1974–1976)
* Frank Cooper (1976–1982)
* Clive Whitmore (1982–1988)
* Michael Quinlan (1988–1992)
* Christopher France (1992–1995)
* Richard Mottram (1995–1998)
* Kevin Tebbit (1998–2005)
* Bill Jeffrey (2005–2010)
* Ursula Brennan (2010–2012)
* Jon Thompson (2012–2016)
* Stephen Lovegrove (2016–2021)
* David Williams (2021–)
# SIC Caras

SIC Caras is a Portuguese digital cable and satellite television channel owned by SIC. It features talk shows, biographies and documentaries and programming related to celebrities and royalty, reflecting Caras magazine content. Passadeira Vermelha (Red Carpet) is the primetime and flagship show, a SIC Caras original, while almost half of the programming is imported, ranging from celebrity-related documentaries to U.S. talk shows (Martha Stewart, Miss pageants, Victoria's Secret). In Portugal, initially the channel had an exclusivity contract with NOS.
In June 2014, it started broadcasting to ZAP in Angola and Mozambique.
# Richard Arratia

Richard Alejandro Arratia is a mathematician noted for his work in combinatorics and probability theory.

## Contributions

Arratia developed the ideas of interlace polynomials with Béla Bollobás and Gregory Sorkin, found an equivalent formulation of the Stanley–Wilf conjecture as the convergence of a limit, and was the first to investigate the lengths of superpatterns of permutations.
He has also written highly cited papers on the Chen–Stein method on distances between probability distributions, on random walks with exclusion, and on sequence alignment.
He is a coauthor of the book Logarithmic Combinatorial Structures: A Probabilistic Approach.

## Education and employment

Arratia earned his Ph.D. in 1979 from the University of Wisconsin–Madison under the supervision of David Griffeath. He is currently a professor of mathematics at the University of Southern California.

## Selected publications
### Research papers

* ↑ Arratia, Richard; Bollobás, Béla; Sorkin, Gregory B. (2004), "The interlace polynomial of a graph", Journal of Combinatorial Theory, Series B, 92 (2): 199–233, arXiv:math/0209045, doi:10.1016/j.jctb.2004.03.003, MR 2099142, S2CID 6421047.
* 1 2 Arratia, Richard (1999), "On the Stanley-Wilf conjecture for the number of permutations avoiding a given pattern", Electronic Journal of Combinatorics, 6, N1, doi:10.37236/1477, MR 1710623
* ↑ Arratia, R.; Goldstein, L.; Gordon, L. (1989), "Two moments suffice for Poisson approximations: the Chen–Stein method" (PDF), Annals of Probability, 17 (1): 9–25, doi:10.1214/aop/1176991491, JSTOR 2244193, MR 0972770.
* ↑ Arratia, Richard; Goldstein, Larry; Gordon, Louis (1990), "Poisson approximation and the Chen–Stein method", Statistical Science, 5 (4): 403–434, doi:10.1214/ss/1177012015, JSTOR 2245366, MR 1092983.
* ↑ Arratia, Richard (1983), "The motion of a tagged particle in the simple symmetric exclusion system on Z", Annals of Probability, 11 (2): 362–373, doi:10.1214/aop/1176993602, JSTOR 2243693, MR 0690134.
* ↑ Arratia, R.; Gordon, L.; Waterman, M. S. (1990), "The Erdős-Rényi law in distribution, for coin tossing and sequence matching", Annals of Statistics, 18 (2): 539–570, doi:10.1214/aos/1176347615, MR 1056326.
* ↑ Arratia, Richard; Waterman, Michael S. (1994), "A phase transition for the score in matching random sequences allowing deletions", Annals of Applied Probability, 4 (1): 200–225, doi:10.1214/aoap/1177005208, JSTOR 2245052, MR 1258181.

### Books

* ↑ Arratia, Richard; Barbour, A. D.; Tavaré, Simon (2003), Logarithmic Combinatorial Structures: A Probabilistic Approach, EMS Monographs in Mathematics, Zürich: European Mathematical Society, doi:10.4171/000, ISBN 3-03719-000-0, MR 2032426.
# Chapel of Our Lady, Echt

The Onze Lieve-Vrouwekapel in Echt is a 17-century chapel in Schilberg, a hamlet between Pey and Echt in the Dutch province of Limburg. The chapel was declared a national monument. It is a pilgrimage site for the celebration of the Nativity of Mary.

## Desc

The brick chapel bears a plaque commemorating its construction in 1691.
The stained-glass windows were replaced after World War II by Jacques Verheyen in 1947. The chapel also houses a 15th-century polychrome statue of the Virgin Mary, its patron. The Stations of the Cross were also made by Verheyen in 1947, and are located on the outside of the chapel. A wooden crucifix from about 1700 is found on the chapel's exterior.
In 1981, four small voetvallen (field chapels) with mansard roofs were moved from various places in the town to the chapel square. They are numbered I, II, III and VII. Originally there were at least seven, but only four remain. These structures date back to 1670 and are included in the designation as a national monument. The reliefs depicting the passion of the Christ are more recent.

## Pilgrimage site

The Chapel is a pilgrimage site for the celebration of the Octave of the Nativity of Mary. Pope Gregory XVI authorized the celebration on November 14, 1834 and promised indulgence to the pilgrims who attended. In the 19th century, several thousand people were in attendance of the open-air mass. The celebration, known as the Octaaf van Schilberg, is currently held in large tents next to the chapel. In 2015 a special mass to commemorate Saint Edith Stein was held in the context of the celebration.
The Foundation Onze Lieve Vrouw van Schilberg (Our Lady of Schilberg) was created in 1962 to promote the devotion of its patron, mainly through the organization of the Octave, and to maintain the chapel.
# A Destructive God Sits Next to Me

A Destructive God Sits Next to Me (ぼくのとなりに暗黒破壊神がいます。, Boku no Tonari ni Ankoku Hakaishin ga Imasu.) is a Japanese manga series by Arata Aki. It was serialized in Media Factory's shōjo manga magazine Monthly Comic Gene from January 2013 to April 2020, and was collected in twelve tankōbon volumes. An anime television series adaptation by EMT Squared premiered from January 11 to March 28, 2020.

## Characters
### Seri Koyuki (小雪芹, Koyuki Seri)

    Voiced by: Jun Fukuyama (drama CD, anime)

### Kabuto Hanatori (花鳥兜, Hanatori Kabuto)

    Voiced by: Takahiro Sakurai (drama CD, anime)

### Utsugi Tsukimiya (月宮ウツギ, Tsukimiya Utsugi)

    Voiced by: Ryōhei Kimura (drama CD, anime)

### Hibiki Kimiya (君屋ひびき, Kimiya Hibiki)

    Voiced by: Tsubasa Yonaga (drama CD, anime)

### Kimikage Mogami (最上君影, Mogami Kimikage)

    Voiced by: Shinnosuke Tachibana (drama CD, anime)

### Shikimi Tokimune (時宗樒, Tokimune Shikimi)

    Voiced by: Kohsuke Toriumi (drama CD, anime)

### Kotoko Sumiso (澄楚琴子, Kotoko Sumiso)

    Voiced by: Ai Kayano (drama CD, anime)

### Suzuran Mogami (最上鈴蘭, Mogami Suzuran)

    Voiced by: Yoshiko Ikuta (drama CD, anime)

### Aitsu (相津)

    Voiced by: Toshiki Masuda (drama CD, anime)

### Homeroom Teacher (担任の先生)

    Voiced by: Takayuki Kondō (drama CD, anime)

### Cerberus (八重)

    Voiced by: Chinatsu Akasaki (drama CD, anime)

### Gorio (ゴリ男)

    Voiced by: Takaya Kuroda (anime)

### Chikako (ちかこ)

    Voiced by: Yui Ogura (anime)

## Media
### Anime

An anime television series adaptation was announced in the October issue of Monthly Comic Gene magazine on September 15, 2018. The series is animated by EMT Squared and directed by Atsushi Nigorikawa, with Natsuko Takahashi handling series composition, Yuki Nakano designing the characters, and Kanako Hara composing the music. It premiered from January 11 to March 28, 2020 on AT-X, Tokyo MX, and BS Fuji, and is streamed by Crunchyroll. All at Once performed the series's opening theme song "Take mo' Chance", while AŌP performed the series' ending theme song "Freedom de Muda ni Muteki!!" (FREEDOMでムダに無敵!!). The series ran for 12 episodes.
| No. | Title | Original air date |
| 1 | "Darlin' from Hell" | January 11, 2020 (2020-01-11) |
| 2 | "Eyes on Me" | January 18, 2020 (2020-01-18) |
| 3 | "Death Wish" | January 25, 2020 (2020-01-25) |
| 4 | "Travel Rock" | February 1, 2020 (2020-02-01) |
| 5 | "Ghost of My Dream" | February 8, 2020 (2020-02-08) |
| 6 | "Brilliant Destiny" | February 15, 2020 (2020-02-15) |
| 7 | "Blurry Eyes" | February 22, 2020 (2020-02-22) |
| 8 | "SWEET HEART MEMORY" | February 29, 2020 (2020-02-29) |
| 9 | "So Merry Christmas" | March 7, 2020 (2020-03-07) |
| 10 | "Happy Happy Greeting" | March 14, 2020 (2020-03-14) |
| 11 | "In the Future" | March 21, 2020 (2020-03-21) |
| 12 | "Secret Room" | March 28, 2020 (2020-03-28) |

## Reception

The manga has over 460,000 copies in print.
# La Gaceta Literaria

La Gaceta Literaria (Spanish: The Literary Gazetta) was a bimonthly avant-garde literary, arts and science magazine which appeared in Madrid, Spain, between 1927 and 1932. It is known for its leading contributors and editorial board members.

## History and profile

La Gaceta Literaria was started as a bimonthly publication in Madrid in 1927. Its founder and editor was Ernesto Giménez Caballero. Guillermo de Torre was the secretary of the editorial board, but left the magazine in August 1927 when he settled in Argentina. His successor was César Muñoz Arconada who assumed the post in 1929.
La Gaceta Literaria was open to all approaches in arts and had no a clear political stance at its start. However, from 1930 the magazine was redesigned in terms of its physical qualities becoming much smaller in size and its ideological stance adopting a clear Fascist stance. The same year it opened a debate on the meaning of avant-garde through a survey questionnaire asking its readers to answer the question "What is avant-garde?"
The editorial board of La Gaceta Literaria included the following: Ramón Gómez de la Serna, Antonio Marichalar, José Moreno Villa, José Bergamín, Antonio Espina, Melchor Fernández Almagro, Benjamín Jarnés, Fernando García Vela, Joaquín Garrigues and Francisco Guillén Salaya. Some of the leading contributors were Salvador Dalí, Rafael Sánchez Mazas, Federico García Lorca, Gerardo Diego, Dámaso Alonso, Rafael Alberti, Pedro Salinas, Vicente Aleixandre, Juan Aparicio López, Jorge Guillén, Luis Buñuel, Eugenio Montes and Adriano del Valle. However, most of these figures left the magazine following the support of the Fascist views by Ernesto Giménez Caballero in 1930.
La Gaceta Literaria published a special issue on Italian futurism in 1928. Luis Buñuel was among the contributors of the magazine from the second issue dated January 1927 to April 1929 whose articles were about cinema. José Ortega y Gasset published an article entitled Sobre un periódico de las letras in the first issue of La Gaceta Literaria dated January 1927. Ramiro Ledesma Ramos was one of the regular contributors of the magazine which folded in 1932.
# Noqareh Chi Mahalleh

Noqareh Chi Mahalleh (Persian: نقاره چي محله, also Romanized as Noqāreh Chī Maḩalleh) is a village in Otaqvar Rural District, Otaqvar District, Langarud County, Gilan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 129, in 38 families.
# Daniel Divet

Daniel Divet, (born 11 December 1966), is a French former rugby league footballer who played as second-row or loose forward.

## Biography

Born in Bordeaux, France, Divet moved to Australia at a young age, where he began playing rugby league. He returned to France in 1985, aged 18, and signed for Limoux.
During his career, he is one of the few French players to start an overseas experience playing for English sides such as Hull FC, and Featherstone Rovers. In France, he notably played for Carcassonne and Limoux.
His club performance allowed him to represent France with which he notably disputed the 1985-1988 and 1989-1992 Rugby League World Cups.

## Honours
### Club

* French Rugby League Championship:
** Runner-up in 1990 (Carcassonne)
** Champion in 1992 (Carcassonne)
* Lord Derby Cup:
** Champion en 1990 (Carcassonne)
** Champion in 1996 (Limoux)
** Runner-up in 1997 (Limoux)
* Rugby Football League Championship Second Division
** Champion in 1993 (Featherstone Rovers)
# The Son of a Servant

The Son of a Servant (Swedish: Tjänstekvinnans son) is the autobiographical novel of August Strindberg in four parts, published between 1886 and 1909. It relates the story of Strindberg's childhood, which was affected by poverty, neglect, emotional insecurity, and the influence of his grandmother's religious fanaticism on his life.
A translation in English by Claud Field (1863–1941) was published by G. P. Putnam's Sons in 1913.