# Spanish American wars of independence order of battle: Spanish expeditionary forces

In attempts to retain or re-assert control over its colonies in America, the Spanish Empire deployed several expeditionary forces during and after the Spanish American wars of independence. The largest of these forces, known as "the expeditionary army of Costa Firme", and consisting of over 10,000 troops under General Morillo, undertook the Spanish reconquest of New Granada (1815–16). Forces were also sent to New Spain between 1812 and 1817. Later, after Mexican independence in 1821, a Spanish garrison was sent from Cuba to occupy Spain's last Mexican outpost, the fortress of San Juan de Ulúa; this force remained there until surrendering in 1825. Finally, a force under Isidro Barradas Valdés attempted to regain control of Mexico in 1829.

## Viceroyalty of New Spain
### Counter insurgency (1812-1821)

| Period | year | Number of men | Units and Commanders (units changed names in 1820) |
| European Expeditions 1812 - 1817 flag | year 1812 | total men 3857 | UnitsoldiersOfficers Battalion Asturias (Mallorca)270 men- Battalion Lobera (Infante Don Carlos)847 menFrancisco Bucelli, teniente coronel Regiment América (Murcia)817 men, one BattalionJuan José Olazábal Battalion Castilla (Voluntarios de Castilla)649 menFrancisco Hevia Battalion Zamora910 menRafael Bracho Battalion Fernando VII -expediciónario-364 menÁngel Díaz del Castro, teniente coronel |
| European Expeditions 1812 - 1817 flag | year 1813 | men total 1895 | Unitsoldiersofficers Battalion Extremadura995 mencoronel Benito Armiñan Battalion Saboya (Reina)900 mencoronel Melchor Álvarez |
| European Expeditions 1812 - 1817 flag | Year 1815 | men total 1749 | Brigadier Fernando Miyares y Mancebo, commander of expedition unitsoldiersofficers Regiment Órdenes Militares1126 men, 2 BattalionsCoronel Francisco LLamas Battalion Voluntarios de Navarra (Barcelona)623 menCoronel José Ruiz |
| European Expeditions 1812 - 1817 flag | Year 1817 | men total 1547 | Mariscal de Campo Pascual Liñan, commander of expedition. unitsoldiersofficers Regiment Zaragoza2 Battalionsbrigadier Domingo Luaces |

### Defense of San Juan de Ulúa (1821-1825)

| | Date | Expeditions | Units |
| San Juan de Ulúa Bandera de la flota naval y de las fortalezas españolas Fortress San Juan de Ulúa (Veracruz) | August 7, 1821 | Cuerpo expedicionario de la Isla de Cuba | Brigadier Juan Rodríguez de la Torre, comandante en jefe UnitSoldiers 1º Company mixed form Regiments Habana and Luisiana, and Battalions Málaga, Cataluña and Tarragona.105 men 2º Company de Battalion Pardos de la Habana.75 men 3º Company de Battalion Morenos de la Habana.75 men 4º Company de voluntarios.105 men |
| San Juan de Ulúa Bandera de la flota naval y de las fortalezas españolas Fortress San Juan de Ulúa (Veracruz) | August 1821 | 1º reinforcement | 299 men |
| San Juan de Ulúa Bandera de la flota naval y de las fortalezas españolas Fortress San Juan de Ulúa (Veracruz) | October 1822 | 2º reinforcement | 1º Commander of fortress Brigadier Francisco Lemaur. 834 soldiers y 44 officers, y 100 artillery men Battalion Cataluña and Málaga. |
| San Juan de Ulúa Bandera de la flota naval y de las fortalezas españolas Fortress San Juan de Ulúa (Veracruz) | December 24, 1822 | 1º relief | 354 soldiers y 8 officers Battalion Málaga 75 soldiers Battalion Tarragona |
| San Juan de Ulúa Bandera de la flota naval y de las fortalezas españolas Fortress San Juan de Ulúa (Veracruz) | March 1823 | 2º relief | numbers similar to 1º relief from battalions Cataluña, Tarragona y Málaga. |
| San Juan de Ulúa Bandera de la flota naval y de las fortalezas españolas Fortress San Juan de Ulúa (Veracruz) | August 1823 | 3º relief | 200 men. |
| San Juan de Ulúa Bandera de la flota naval y de las fortalezas españolas Fortress San Juan de Ulúa (Veracruz) | July 1824 | 4º relief | 227 men from Battalions Cataluña and Málaga. |
| San Juan de Ulúa Bandera de la flota naval y de las fortalezas españolas Fortress San Juan de Ulúa (Veracruz) | January 1825 | 5º relief (last) | 300 men battalions Cataluña and Tarragona, plus 116 men from Battalion Pardos y Morenos de Cuba. 2º Commander of fortress, brigadier José Coppinger. |

### Expedition of Isidro Barradas (1829)

* Division of Vanguard (1829)
* flag
* Total 3,000 men
* Commander
* Brigadier General Isidro Barradas Valdés
* Units
* Regiment de la Corona (3 Battalions )
* I Battalion Rey Fernando
* II Battalion Reina Amalia
* III Battalion Real Borbón
* Squadron of cavalry (dismounted) (incomplete)
* Company of artillery (short)

## Expeditionary Army of Costa Firme

(Venezuela and New Granada)

## Viceroyalty of Perú

(Perú, Chile and Upper Peru)