OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Fort du Portalet

The Fort du Portalet is a fort in the Aspe Valley in Bearn, French Pyrenees, built from 1842 to 1870.
The fort, built by order of Louis Philippe I, guards the border of the Pyrenees and protects access to the Col du Somport. Fort du Portalet is located on a cliff face underneath the Chemin de la Mâture (literally "The Mast Road") and overlooks the torrential river Gave d'Aspe. Begun in 1842 and finished in 1870, the fort replaced an earlier structure further north.
Capable of accommodating 400 men, the fort served as depot and barracks for the 18th Regiment of Infantry between 1871 and 1925. It then ceased to be used as a full-time military facility.
During World War II, the Vichy regime arrested and interned Léon Blum, Édouard Daladier, Paul Reynaud, Georges Mandel and Maurice Gamelin as political prisoners at the fort. After the Riom Trials, Reynaud was transferred to German custody and held in Germany. Mandel was taken to Paris, where he was executed in 1944 by the Milice in retaliation for the assassination earlier that year of Philippe Henriot, a Vichy official, by the Resistance. After the war, Philippe Pétain, the head of the Vichy government, was imprisoned in the fort from 15 August to 16 November 1945.
After the government abandoned the fort, it was bought by the local authorities in 1999. It is currently under restoration.
# Perevoloka

Perevoloka (Ukrainian: Переволо́ка) — village (selo) in Chortkiv Raion, Ternopil Oblast, of western Ukraine. It belongs to Buchach urban hromada, one of the hromadas of Ukraine. The word literally means "portage place".
The population of the village is about 2 368 people and local government is administered by Perevolotska village council.

## Geography

The village is located on the banks of the Strypa River and is situated at an altitude of 293 metres (960 ft) above sea level. Perevoloka village is one of the largest villages in the district Buchach (Buchach Raion) and is located at a distance 62 kilometres (39 mi) from the regional center Ternopil, and 9 kilometres (5.6 mi) from the district center Buchach.

## History and attractions

The date of establishment the village is considered 1467, though the first written record dates from the 1379. Near the village found archeological sights of Cucuteni-Trypillian culture and Culture of ancient Rus. In the ancient book Nestor chronik from 1113 there is a note of a city named Perevoloka that was sacked in the year 1092. The Nestor chronik is all about the culture of ancient Rus.
The village has a St. George Church (1895, stone), St. Trinity Church (1934, stone) and St. Josaphat Church.
Until 18 July 2020, Perevoloka belonged to Buchach Raion. The raion was abolished in July 2020 as part of the administrative reform of Ukraine, which reduced the number of raions of Ternopil Oblast to three. The area of Buchach Raion was merged into Chortkiv Raion.

## Notable persons

* Ivan Kulyk, Bishop of the Ukrainian Greek-Catholic church
# Auguste (1758 ship)

Auguste was a full-rigged sailing ship that sank at Aspy Bay, Cape Breton, Nova Scotia in 1761 while carrying exiles from the fall of New France. Auguste was a former French privateer ship which had been captured by the British and converted to a merchant ship. In September 1761, she was hired by the British government to transport French exiles and prisoners of war from Montreal to France. For the voyage, she was under the command of Joseph Knowles, an English sea captain. The ship was unarmed and carried 121 passengers and crew. Almost immediately upon clearing the mouth of the St. Lawrence on October 28, she encountered a week of contrary winds followed by a nor'west gale and heavy seas which badly damaged the ship. Leaking heavily with an exhausted crew and damaged rigging, the captain sought a sheltered harbour in Cape Breton, Nova Scotia. However Knowles was unable to find a safe refuge as Auguste carried only charts of the French coast. The ship struck land on the northeastern side of Cape Breton Island near an inlet known as Aspy Bay. Only seven of the 121 made it to shore alive. These included the captain, the merchant Luc de la Corne, two soldiers, two servants, and one discharged soldier.
Many notable Canadians died during the sinking, including Charles-René Dejordy de Villebon, Louis-Joseph Gaultier de La Vérendrye, and Louis de la Corne, Chevalier de la Corne.
Carrying the life's savings of many of its passengers, the ship contained considerable amounts of gold and silver. This has attracted various treasure hunters, including Joe Amaral, as well as some archaeology by Parks Canada. A display of artifacts from Auguste is featured in the "Shipwreck Treasures of Nova Scotia" exhibit at the Maritime Museum of the Atlantic in Halifax recovered by various divers including Offshore Diving and Salvage of Sydney, NS owned by Gerald Langille and Edward Barrington's 1977-78 expedition.
The documentary A Treasure ship's tragedy, on the National Geographic Channel, mentions the wreck of Auguste.

## Citations

* ↑ Nova Scotia Museum, On the Rocks Shipwreck Database, "Auguste-1761"
# Matum

Matum (Thai: มะตูม) is a sub-district in the Phrom Phiram District of Phitsanulok Province, Thailand. Matum is the Thai word for bael.

## Geography

Matum lies in the Nan Basin, which is part of the Chao Phraya watershed.

## Administration

The following is a list of the sub-district's mubans (villages):
| No. | English | Thai |
| 1 | Ban Matum | บ้านมะตูม |
| 2 | Ban Tha Chai | บ้านท่าไชย |
| 3 - 4 | Ban Phai Ko Nam | บ้านไผ่ขอน้ำ |
| 5 | Ban Wang Pla Duk | บ้านวังปลาดุก |
| 6 | Ban Laem Lat | บ้านแหลมลาด |
# Fak Tha subdistrict

Fak Tha (Thai: ฟากท่า, pronounced) is a village and tambon (sub-district) of Fak Tha District, in Uttaradit Province, Thailand. In 2005, it had a population of 5,190 people. The tambon contains 11 villages.
# 2024 Georgia election

2024 Georgia election may refer to:
* 2024 Georgia state elections in the state of Georgia in the United States
* 2024 Georgian parliamentary election in the Eastern European country of Georgia
# Anika the Warrior

Anika the Warrior (Russian: Аника-воин; from Greek: ἀνίκητος, "unbeatable, unbeaten") is a Bogatyr, a knight errant character of Russian fairy tales. According to a "universally known religious ballad", he was a violent and sacrilegious man who set out to destroy the Holy Sepulchre in Jerusalem, but was stopped by the half-beast Wonder. Anika challenges Wonder to a duel, but is immediately overcome because Wonder is Death in disguise. Though he begs for more time and attempts to bribe Death, no mercy is given. Proverbially, an "Anika the Warrior" is one engaged in something as hopeless as a fight against death. He appears in the folk plays Tsar Maximilian and King Herod, and is mentioned in Maxim Gorky's Childhood. Its plot is loosely based on the Byzantine epic about Digenes Akritas.
# Samae San Island

Samae San Island (Thai: เกาะแสมสาร, RTGS: Ko Samaesan, pronounced) is a small island in Sattahip District, Chonburi Province of Thailand.

## Geography

Samae San Island has a length of four kilometres and its maximum width is about one kilometre. The island is thickly wooded and uninhabited. Formerly there was a fishing village on Samae San Island, but it was vacated and the island now is under the control of the Royal Thai Navy. Some 1,240 families reside in the fishing village of Ban Samae San on the mainland. Administratively the islands belong to the Samae San Sub-district of Sattahip.

### Islands

There are four main islands in the Samae San group. The northern cluster surrounds Samae San Island, while the southern subgroup is centered on Ko Chuang. Chuang Island has a small bay at its southern end. Hin Chalam (Shark Rock) is five kilometres to the south of the southern end of the group.
| Name | Thai Name | Location | Coordinates |
| Ko Samaesan | เกาะแสมสาร | Main island of the group | 12°34′23″N 100°57′00″E﻿ / ﻿12.573°N 100.95°E﻿ / 12.573; 100.95 |
| Ko Kham | เกาะขาม | West of Ko Samaesan | 12°34′23″N 100°56′02″E﻿ / ﻿12.573°N 100.934°E﻿ / 12.573; 100.934 |
| Ko Raet | เกาะแรด | NE of Ko Samaesan | 12°35′06″N 100°57′50″E﻿ / ﻿12.585°N 100.964°E﻿ / 12.585; 100.964 |
| Ko Chang Kluea | เกาะฉางเกลือ | Rock east of the group | 12°33′00″N 100°58′16″E﻿ / ﻿12.550°N 100.971°E﻿ / 12.550; 100.971 |
| Ko Chuang | เกาะจวง | South of Ko Samaesan | 12°31′12″N 100°57′36″E﻿ / ﻿12.520°N 100.96°E﻿ / 12.520; 100.96 |
| Ko Chan | เกาะจาน | East of Ko Chuang | 12°31′16″N 100°58′12″E﻿ / ﻿12.521°N 100.970°E﻿ / 12.521; 100.970 |
| Ko Rong Nang | เกาะโรงหนัง | NE of Ko Chuang | 12°32′04″N 100°57′31″E﻿ / ﻿12.53437°N 100.95870°E﻿ / 12.53437; 100.95870 |
| Ko Rong Khon | เกาะโรงโขน | NE of Ko Chuang | 12°31′54″N 100°57′35″E﻿ / ﻿12.53169°N 100.95972°E﻿ / 12.53169; 100.95972 |

## Preservation area

The Ko Kham Undersea Park is part of a royal project of Princess Maha Chakri Sirindhorn that preserves the plants and animals of the sea and island. It is home to many kinds of fish, including bluespotted stingrays, moray eels, fusilier fish, angel fish and lionfish.

## Tourism

Visitors are restricted, although tourist attractions on the island include fishing, swimming, bicycle riding and hiking. The islands are also well known for their diving areas. Since the island is within a military area, off-limits for casual tourists, booking has to be done through local travel agents.
# Aschberg

The Aschberg (Czech: Kamenáč; German: Aschberg) is a mountain on the border of Germany (Saxony) and the Czech Republic. It is part of the Ore Mountains. The summit lies on the Czech side, in the municipality of Bublava.

## Location and region

Near the summit there is an observation tower on the German side and a youth hostel next to it. The summit plateau is populated on the Saxon side. The scattered houses, originally mountain farmhouses, are known as the Aschbergsiedlung ("Aschberg settlement").
There is a transmission mast on the mountain that transmits at the following frequencies:
* VHF 93.7 MHz (MDR 1 Radio Sachsen) - Power: 0.2 kW
* VHF 98.4 MHz (MDR Kultur) - Power: 0.2 kW
* VHF 103.5 MHz (Vogtland Radio) - Power: 0.05 kW
The summit lies on the Czech side of the border and consists of a small rock outcrop supporting a square-section granite column of the Royal Saxon Survey. It is a level 1 station and bears the number 24. It only has historical significance. Not far from the peak there are other outcrops formed by woolsack weathering, the most famous of which is the group of rocks called Tři skalky; the name means "three rocks".
The view over Bublava and Klingenthal into the Elster Mountains opens up a distant view over the Bohemian and Saxon highlands towards the Slavkov Forest, the Kapellenberg and the heights of the northern Upper Palatinate Forest. A vantage point on the border trail below the youth hostel was given the name Paul-Apitzsch-Blick, where a bench named after this local historian 50°23′10″N 12°30′08″E﻿ / ﻿50.38624°N 12.50214°E﻿ / 50.38624; 12.50214﻿ (Paul-Apitzsch-Bank) commemorates him and is one of the most important viewing points over the Saxon Vogtland.
There is a ski slope on the mountain and the Kammloipe cross country skiing trail, which runs from Mühlleithen to Schöneck or Carlsfeld to Johanngeorgenstadt.

## History

Along with miners and hammersmiths, glassmakers also came to the western Ore Mountains to process the quartz found in several veins on this mountain, as well as other places. The vast forests, which had never been exploited before, provided sufficient wood for the smelting furnaces and for "liming", the extraction of potash from charcoal.
The mountain was also populated on the Czech side. With the expulsion of the German population after the Second World War, the buildings south of the summit were dismantled.
On the northern slopes there was a ski jump, the Curt A. Seydel Schanze, which was in use from 1923 to 1940.
# Ngio

Ngio (Thai: งิ้ว) is a village and tambon (subdistrict) of Thoeng District, in Chiang Rai Province, Thailand. In 2005 it had a population of 12,589 people. The tambon 1 contains 25 villages.
# Tōru Yasunaga

Tōru Yasunaga (安永 徹, Yasunaga Tōru, born November 14, 1951, in Fukuoka Prefecture) is a Japanese violinist. Yasunaga is an active chamber musician and soloist, and was a member of the Berlin Philharmonic from 1977, serving as concertmaster from 1983 until his retirement from the orchestra in March 2009.

## Biography

Tōru Yasunaga was born in Fukuoka Prefecture, Japan in 1951. He took violin lessons under Toshiya Eto from age 13. In 1974, Yasunaga graduated from Toho Gakuen School of Music, and later studied at the Berlin University of the Arts. He studied under Michel Schwalbé.
In 1971 while still a student, he won the First Prize at the 40th Music Competition of Japan. In 1977, he joined the Berlin Philharmonic, and in 1983, he was appointed by Herbert von Karajan to be first concertmaster of the orchestra.
In 2009, Yasunaga retired from the Berlin Philharmonic. That same year, he received the Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany (Verdienstkreuz am Bande) for his contributions to music and culture. He moved to Hokkaido and still continues musical performances. He periodically has recitals with his wife, Ayumi Ichino.

## Videography

* New Year's Eve Concert 1992: Richard Strauss Gala, conducted by Claudio Abbado, Kultur Video DVD, D4209, 2007
# Dieter Pürschel

Dieter Purschel (7 February 1941 – 25 February 2023) was a German ice hockey goaltender, who competed for SC Dynamo Berlin. He played for the East Germany national ice hockey team at the 1968 Winter Olympics in Grenoble.
# Claude Lemaréchal

Claude Lemaréchal is a French applied mathematician, and former senior researcher (directeur de recherche) at INRIA near Grenoble, France.
In mathematical optimization, Claude Lemaréchal is known for his work in numerical methods for nonlinear optimization, especially for problems with nondifferentiable kinks. Lemaréchal and Philip Wolfe pioneered bundle methods of descent for convex minimization.

## Awards

In 1994, Claude Lemaréchal and Roger J-B Wets were each awarded the George B. Dantzig Prize. Recognizing "original research that has had a major impact on the field of mathematical programming", the Dantzig Prize is awarded by the Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics (SIAM) and the Mathematical Programming Society (MPS).

## Lagrangian duality and nonconvex primal problems

Soon after joining INRIA (then named "IRIA"), Lemaréchal had the assignment of helping a glass-manufacturer with a problem of scheduling its production, a problem whose first formulation required minimizing a non-convex function. For this non-convex minimization problem, Lemaréchal applied the theory of Lagrangian duality that was described in Lasdon's Optimization Theory for Large Systems. Because the primal problem was non-convex, there was no guarantee that a solution to the dual problem would provide useful information about the primal. Nonetheless, the dual problem did furnish useful information. Lemaréchal's success with Lagrangian dual methods on nonlinear programming problems with nonconvexities interested Ivar Ekeland and Jean–Pierre Aubin, who applied the Shapley–Folkman lemma to explain Lemaréchal's success. The Aubin–Ekeland analysis of duality gaps considered the convex closure of a nonconvex minimization problem — that is, the problem defined by the closed convex hull of the epigraph of the original problem. Following Ekeland and Aubin, similar applications of the Shapley–Folkman lemma are described in optimization monographs and textbooks. These developments were catalyzed by Lemaréchal's demonstration that Lagrangian-dual methods were useful on some optimization problems that lacked convexity.

## Bundle methods of descent

Lemaréchal's research also led to his work on (conjugate) subgradient methods and on bundle methods of descent for convex minimization problems.
# Ishmukhametovo, Fyodorovsky District, Republic of Bashkortostan

Ishmukhametovo (Russian: Ишмухаметово; Bashkir: Ишмөхәмәт, İşmöxämät) is a rural locality (a village) in Bala-Chetyrmansky Selsoviet, Fyodorovsky District, Bashkortostan, Russia. The population was 73 as of 2010. There is 1 street.

## Geography

Ishmukhametovo is located 34 km east of Fyodorovka (the district's administrative centre) by road. Polyakovka is the nearest rural locality.
# Marlies Stegemann

Marlies Stegemann (born 12 January 1951) is a German gymnast. She competed in six events at the 1968 Summer Olympics.
# Peter Paul Saldanha

Bishop Peter Paul Saldanha is the current serving bishop of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Mangalore, India.

## Early life and education

Saldanha was born on 27 April 1964 in Our Lady of Remedies church kirem, Kinnigoli, Karnataka. He completed his philosophy and theology education from St. Joseph’s Inter diocesan Seminary, Jeppu, Mangalore. He acquired a diploma in Depth Psychology and Formation, from the Institute for Formators, Bangalore, in 1994. He also holds a doctorate in theology from the Pontifical Urbanian University.

## Priesthood

On 6 May 1991, Saldanha was ordained a priest for the Roman Catholic Diocese of Mangalore. After ordination he served as Assistant parish priest of St. Lawrence's Parish, Moodubelle, Assistant parish priest of Our Lady of Miracles Parish, assistant parish priest of Our Lady of Dolours Parish, Vittal, Professor and formator at St. Joseph's Inter diocesan Seminary, Jeppu, Vice Rector of St. Joseph's Inter diocesan Seminary, Jeppu, Professor at St. Joseph's Inter diocesan Seminary, Jeppu, Professor of Dogmatic Theology at the Pontifical Urban University in Rome, Assistant Spiritual Father at the Pontifical Urban College "de Propaganda Fide", Rome, Associate Professor of the Pontifical Urban University, Rome.

## Episcopate

Pope Francis appointed Saldanha as bishop of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Mangalore on 3 July 2018 and consecrated by Aloysius Paul D'Souza on 15 Sep 2018 at Our Lady of Rosary Cathedral, Mangalore. Prior to his appointment he serving as Adiutor Secretarii Specialis of the XIV Ordinary General Assembly of the Synod of Bishops.

## Reception

Bishop Peter launched the anti-drug campaign to combat drug menace in schools and colleges.
He also started the preparation to mark the Mangalore Diocese Jubilee Year 2025 which will mark 2025 years since the coming of Jesus Christ.
# Ngeremasch

Ngeremasch, also spelled as Ngaramasch (Japanese: ゲレマッシュ, Geremasshu) is a village in Palau, and the capital of the state of Angaur. In 2009, it had the population of 135 people.
Ngaramasch is located west of the Angaur Airstrip, there are also ferries that connect Angaur to Koror. The village was formerly known as Saipan Town (Spanish: Pueblo de Saipán).
* This Palau location article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
# Image of the Virgin Mary Mother of God of Guadalupe

Image of the Virgin Mary Mother of God of Guadalupe (Spanish: Imagen de la Virgen María, madre de Dios de Guadalupe) published in 1648, was the first written account of the story of Our Lady of Guadalupe. It retells the events of the 1531 apparitions that led to the Marian veneration in Mexico City, New Spain. It was drafted by the secular priest Miguel Sánchez and dedicated to Bishop Pedro de Barrientos Lomelin, based on the prophecy of the Woman of the Apocalypse in Revelation 12.

## Importance

The text is a foundation of the devotion to the Virgin of Guadalupe in Mexico. It was the first written account of events that had until then had only spread and become known by word of mouth. The text stated for the first time that the image venerated by Mexicans was of miraculous origin and recorded that the dates of Guadalupana appearances were comprised between 9 and 13 December 1531. In this way, the image of the Virgin of Guadalupe was established as true symbol of Mexican-ness.
Because of this work, Francisco de la Maza called Miguel Sánchez one of the "four guadalupan evangelists".

### Sections (as written in the book)

* Aprobación del Dr. D. Iván de poblete.
* Al señor doctor.
* Fvndamento de la historia.
* Original prophetico de la santa imagen.
* Misterioso dibujo de la santa imagen en la valerosa conquista de sv ciudad de México.
* Historia de nuestra señora (in Latin).
** Mvlier Amicta sole.
** Luna svb pedibvs eivs.
** Et in capite eivs corona.
** Ciamabat partvriens, et crv.
** Factvm est pralivm magnvm.
** Mvlier fvgit in solitvdinem.
** Dat æ svnt mvlieri al ædv æ.
** Et misit serpens ex ore svo.
* Milagroso "Descvbrimiento de la santa imagen con los prodigios de sv aparición.
* Segunda aparición.
* Tercera aparición.
* Quarta aparición.
* Vltima aparición.
* Pincel "Cvidadoso de la santa imagen, que son amorosos elogios retoca sv pintvra.
** Apparvit in coelo.
** Mvlier.
** Amicta sole.
** Lvna svb pedievs eivs.
** Et in capite eivs corona.
** Mvlier gvgit in solitvdinem.
** Michael, et Angeli eivs proe.
** Datæ svnt mvlieri al æ dv æ.
* Solumne colocación de la santa imagen en sv hermita de gvadalvpe.
* Descripción del santvario de gvadalvpe.
* Milagros de la santa imagen de Gvadalvpe.
* Licencia.
# Puerto Rico Highway 647

Puerto Rico Highway 647 (PR-647) is a north–south road located between the municipalities of Corozal and Vega Alta in Puerto Rico. With a length of 12.8 km (8.0 mi), it extends from its junction with PR-159 and PR-5568 on the Cibuco–Padilla line in western Corozal, passing through Cienegueta, Candelaria and Bajura barrios until its end at PR-676 in downtown Vega Alta.

## Route description

Puerto Rico Highway 647 is mostly a rural road with one lane per direction for its entire length. In Corozal, it has a short length that extends from PR-159 and PR-5568 intersection to the Vega Alta municipal limit and is located entirely within Cibuco barrio. In Vega Alta, PR-647 has a long length, beginning from the Corozal municipal limit and ending at PR-676 in the city center. In this municipality, it crosses Cienegueta, Candelaria and Bajura barrios. PR-647 also crosses the Río Cibuco, and some portions of the Vega State Forest are located on this highway. On 17 March 2022, this road was renamed as Carretera Palmira Cabrera de Ibarra the in honor of the politician from Vega Alta.
* Sign for PR-647 in Cibuco, Corozal, heading north
* PR-647 south near PR-159 and PR-5568 junction in Cienegueta, Vega Alta
* PR-5568 north near PR-159 and PR-647 junction in Padilla, Corozal

## History

Prior to its numerical designation, PR-647 was only known as Carretera de Candelaria. The current numerical designation corresponds to the 1953 Puerto Rico highway renumbering, a process implemented by the Puerto Rico Department of Transportation and Public Works (Spanish: Departamento de Transportación y Obras Públicas) that increased the insular highway network to connect existing routes with different locations around Puerto Rico.

## Major intersections

| Municipality | Location | km | mi | Destinations | Notes |
| Corozal | Padilla–Cibuco line | 0.0 | 0.0 | PR-159 / PR-5568 – Corozal, Morovis, Padilla | Southern terminus of PR-647 |
| Vega Alta | Candelaria | 10.8 | 6.7 | PR-677 – Maricao | |
| Vega Alta | Candelaria | 10.9 | 6.8 | PR-620 – Candelaria | |
| Vega Alta | Vega Alta barrio-pueblo | 12.8 | 8.0 | PR-676 – Vega Alta, Vega Baja | Northern terminus of PR-647 |
| 1.000 mi = 1.609 km; 1.000 km = 0.621 mi ||||||
# Sar Sakhti-ye Bala

Sar Sakhti-ye Bala (Persian: سرسختي بالا, also Romanized as Sar Sakhtī-ye Bālā; also known as Sabz Sanakhtī ‘Olyā, Sar Sakheī, Sarsakhleh, Sarsakhtīyeh, Sar Sakhtī-ye ‘Olyā, and Sarsakteh) is a village in Astaneh Rural District, in the Central District of Shazand County, Markazi Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 726, in 259 families.