OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Berneuchen Movement

Berneuchen Movement (German: Berneuchener Bewegung) is part of the Lutheran Liturgical movement in Germany. It originates from German Youth Movement.
The movement was born in the 1920s, after the radical changes caused by World War I. The founders felt, that it was necessary to give to the spiritual life a greater and more perfect concrete form, in order to throw off the influence of liberal theology. The group met annually in the Berneuchen Manor near Neudamm in the New March, which gave the name for the circle. In 1926 the circle published the Berneuchener Buch, written by Karl Bernhard Ritter, Wilhelm Stählin, Ludwig Heitmann [de] and Wilhelm Thomas.
Berneuchen societies today include Berneuchener Dienst, Evangelische Michaelsbruderschaft and Gemeinschaft Sankt Michael, and its centre is the Kirchberg convent, the "Berneuchener Haus" near Sulz am Neckar in Baden-Württemberg.
The Berneuchen movement has put emphasis e.g. on Bible reading, daily office and celebration of Eucharist. The movement has been an important field of Christian ecumenism.
The annual "Das Gottesjahr" was published 1921-1940 and since 1952 the journal "Quatember" has been edited four times a year by Berneuchen societies.
# Ravni Dol, Sodražica

Ravni Dol (pronounced; German: Ebenthal) is a small settlement in the hills west of Ribnica in southern Slovenia. It belongs to the Municipality of Sodražica. The area is part of the traditional region of Lower Carniola and is now included in the Southeast Slovenia Statistical Region.

## Mass graves

Ravni Dol is the site of five known mass graves associated with the Second World War. The Travna Gora 1–4 mass graves (Slovene: Grobišče Travna gora 1–4) are located at four sites west of Ravni Dol, directly south of the Travna Gora Lodge (Dom na Travni Gori). The fourth grave is marked by a wooden cross below the road. The first grave is about 50 meters (160 ft) below this, the second grave another 10 meters (33 ft) down, and the third grave 10 meters (33 ft) further. The graves contain the remains of 48 prisoners of war from the prison in Kočevje murdered by the Partisan Šercer Brigade on 2 November 1943 in revenge for the escape of 10 prisoners that killed a guard near Glažuta. The Big Mountain Deep Cave Mass Grave (Grobišče Globoka jama na Veliki gori)—also known as the Shaft 217/218 Mass Grave (Grobišče Brezno 217/218) or Krajc Peak Cave Mass Grave (Grobišče Jama v Krajčjem vrhu)—is located north of Krajc Peak (Krajčev vrh) and about 1.5 kilometers (0.93 mi) south of the Travna Gora Lodge. It contains the remains of Slovenes from Travna Gora.
# Neural therapy

Neural therapy is a form of alternative medicine in which local anesthetic is injected into certain locations of the body in an attempt to treat chronic pain and illness.
The International Medical Association of Neural Therapy has about 400 members some of whom have been practising in this field for over 30 years. Neural Therapy is both in theory and practice a pseudoscience and studies have found it not to be of any benefit.

## Description and history

Neural therapy has been described as a form of holistic medicine for treating illness and chronic pain. According to Quackwatch, neural therapy is "a bizarre approach claimed to treat pain and disease by injecting local anesthetics into nerves, scars, glands, trigger points, and other tissues".
The idea underlying the therapy is that "interference fields" (Störfelder) at certain sites of the body are responsible for a type of electric energy that causes illness. The fields can be disrupted by injection, allowing the body to heal.
The practice originated in 1925, when Ferdinand Huneke, a German surgeon, used a newly launched pain drug that contained procaine (a local anaesthetic) on his sister who had severe intractable migraines. Instead of using it intramuscularly as recommended, he injected it intravenously and the migraine attack stopped immediately. He and his brother Walter subsequently used Novocaine in a similar way to treat a variety of ailments.
In 1940 Ferdinand Huneke injected the painful shoulder of a woman who also had an osteomyelitis in her leg, which at that time (before antibiotics) threatened her with amputation. The shoulder pain improved somewhat but the leg wound became itchy. On injecting the leg wound, the shoulder pain vanished immediately – a reaction he called the "secondary phenomenon" (Sekundenphänomen). In segment therapy, a local anaesthetic in the form of skin quads is injected in the area of the corresponding dermatome (called Head zones) of the internal organs or into vegetative ganglia. The reflective effect is to be conveyed via the vegetative nervous system to the affected segment.

## Reception, effectiveness and safety

Neural therapy is practiced mostly in South America and Europe. A 2007 survey of family physicians in Germany found neural therapy to be among the most used of alternative medical techniques.
Quackwatch includes neural therapy on its list of "questionable treatments".
According to the American Cancer Society, "available scientific evidence does not support claims that neural therapy is effective in treating cancer or any other disease". Overall the risks of the treatment, such as of needle damage to organs, outweigh any benefit it may have.
# Herpomycetales

The Herpomycetales is an order of fungi within the class Laboulbeniomycetes. The order includes a single dioecious genus, Herpomyces, with 27 accepted species of obligate ectoparasites that are associated exclusively with cockroaches. Like the Laboulbeniales order, they produce cellular thalli. However, the thalli of Herpomyces are developmentally and morphologically unique.
The order was described in 2019 based on the phylogenetic analysis of three gene regions. A more recent phylogeny found that Herpomycetales and Laboulbeniales are not sister clades, which provides evidence for the idea that the thallus originated at least twice in the class Laboulbeniomycetes. This is in line with the fact that thalli of both orders are developmentally and morphologically different.
The draft genome of Herpomyces periplanetae has been sequenced and assembled—the only one in the class thus far. Herpomyces periplanetae is a very widespread parasite on the antennae of adult cockroaches in the genus Periplaneta, like the common American cockroach, Periplaneta americana.
# Sanaa University

Sana'a University (Arabic: جامعة صنعاء Jāmiʿat Ṣanʿāʾ) was established in 1970 as the first and the primary university in the Yemen Arab Republic (North Yemen), now the Republic of Yemen (see also Aden University). It is located in Sanaa, the capital of Yemen, and is currently organized with 17 faculties. Previously the university was located at 15°20′53.16″N 44°11′26.83″E﻿ / ﻿15.3481000°N 44.1907861°E﻿ / 15.3481000; 44.1907861﻿ (Old University). The university includes several accommodation buildings for staff and students and is partnered with the Kuwait University Hospital for medical students.

## Overview

When Sanaa university was first established, it had two faculties: the Faculty of Sharia and Law and the Faculty of Education, which also included the specialties of Colleges of Arts, Sciences and Education. In 1974, those specialties were developed and formed three new faculties: Arts, Science, Education. The Faculty of Sharia and Law celebrated the launch of the Business Department, which became an independent faculty a year later. By that time, the university included five faculties and continued expansion until it included the rest of the other specialties. As of 2005, Sanaa University was composed of twenty faculties with 12 faculties at the main campus of Sanaa and eight others at different branches throughout the country.
The university started postgraduate studies at the start of the 1980s.

## Faculties

* Faculty of Engineering
* Faculty of Computer & Information Technology
* Faculty of Commerce & Economics
* Faculty of Medicine
* Faculty of Dentistry
* Faculty of Pharmacy
* Faculty of Science
* Faculty of Agriculture
* Faculty of Law & Legislation
* Faculty of Education
* Faculty of Art
* Faculty of Languages
* Faculty of Publication

## Notable alumni

* Hoda Ablan, poet
* Khalid Ahmed, Professor of Arabic language, University of Washington
* Hamid al-Ahmar, politician
* Yahya Al-Mutawakel, Minister of Industry and Trade
* Saleh Ali al-Sammad, leader of Houthi Movement
* Mohsen Ayed, journalist and author
* Tawakel Karman earned a graduate degree in political science. She was awarded the 2011 Nobel Peace Prize. She is the first Yemeni citizen and first Arab woman to win a Nobel Prize
* Ahmed Mohammed, politician
* Ahmad Awad bin Mubarak, Prime Minister of Yemen

## Notable faculty

* Nasser al-Aulaqi, Yemeni Agriculture Minister and president of Sanaa University.
* Tariq Najm, Chief of Staff to the Prime Minister of Iraq
# Marc Haudenschild

Marc Haudenschild is a Swiss curler.
At the national level, he is a 1998 Swiss men's champion curler and two-time Swiss junior champion curler (1986, 1988).

## Awards

* World Junior Curling Championships All-Star Team: 1989

## Teams

| Season | Skip | Third | Second | Lead | Alternate | Coach | Events |
| 1986–87 | Markus Eggler | Marc Haudenschild | Frank Kobel | Reto Huber | | | SJCC 1986 WJCC 1987 (4th) |
| 1988–89 | Markus Eggler | Marc Haudenschild | Frank Kobel | Reto Huber | Stefan Traub (WJCC) | | SJCC 1988 WJCC 1989 |
| 1997–98 | Andreas Schwaller | Marc Haudenschild | Reto Ziegler | Rolf Iseli | Robert Hürlimann (WCC) | Frédéric Jean (WCC) | SMCC 1998 WCC 1998 (8th) |
| 2004–05 | Marc Haudenschild | Bohren Heinz | Adrian Trosch | Jurg Thoni | | | |
| 2005–06 | Mario Flückiger | Marc Haudenschild | Heinz Bohren | Jurg Thoni | | | |
| 2006–07 | Mario Flückiger | Marc Haudenschild | Heinz Bohren | Nicolas Hauswirth | | | |
| 2008–09 | Björn Zryd | Marc Haudenschild | Stefan Maurer | Martin Stucki | Simon Gempeler | | |
# Giant's Tank Sanctuary

Giant's Tank Sanctuary (Tamil: கட்டுக்கரை குளம் சரணாலயம் Kaṭṭukkarai Kuḷam Caraṇālayam) is a wildlife sanctuary in northern Sri Lanka, approximately 20 km (12 mi) south east of Mannar.

## History

Giant's Tank and its surrounding area was designated as a sanctuary on 24 September 1954 under the Fauna and Flora Protection Ordinance (No. 2) of 1937. It had an area of 3,941 ha (9,738 acres) in 1990. It currently has an area of 4,330 ha (10,700 acres).
Giant's Tank Sanctuary has been subject to illegal deforestation to make way for banana plantation for the Dole Food Company.

## Flora and fauna

Giant's Tank is surrounded by rice paddies and dry scrub forest. Numerous varieties of water and wader birds are found in the sanctuary including the Eurasian wigeon, garganey, knob-billed duck and pygmy goose. Fish found in the tank include channa striata, heteropneustes fossilis, labeo dussumieri, Mozambique tilapia, olive barb, ompok bimaculatus and long-snouted barb. Asian elephants are also found in the sanctuary.
# Vaskareh

Vaskareh (Persian: وسكاره, also Romanized as Vaskāreh and Vesgāreh; also known as Vesgāh) is a village in Abali Rural District, Rudehen District, Damavand County, Tehran Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 75 in 24 families.
# Polymedium

Polymedium or Polymedion (Ancient Greek: Πολυμήδειον), also known as Palamedium or Polymedia, was a small town in ancient Aeolis, between the promontory Lectum and Assus, and at a distance of 40 stadia from the former.
Its site is located near Asarlık, Asiatic Turkey.
# Arrenes

Arrenes (Greek: Αρρένες) is a former community in Kastoria regional unit, Western Macedonia, Greece. Since the 2011 local government reform it is part of the municipality Nestorio, of which it is a municipal unit. The municipal unit has an area of 134.600 km$^2$. Population 365 (2021). The seat of the community was in Eptachori.

## Communities

The communities of the municipal unit are:
* Chrysi (incl. the settlement Pefkofyto)
* Eptachori
* Zouzouli
# Vittskövle Castle

Vittskövle Castle (Swedish: Vittskövle slott also Widtskövle slott) is an estate in Kristianstad Municipality, Scania, Sweden. It has one of the best-preserved Renaissance castles in the Nordic countries.

## History

During the last years of the Middle Ages, the estate belonged to the Archbishop of Lund. The main house was erected by Jens Brahe (ca 1500–1560) in the 16th century as a defence structure. It was completed in 1577. In the 18th century, the northwest tower burned and the spire was built in a romantic medieval style. The park and gardens were mainly built by Adolf Fredrik Barnekow (1744–87). At the beginning of the 19th century, the castle was newly decorated with murals and ceiling paintings by Swedish painter Christian Laurentius Gernandt (1765-1825).Vittskövle has belonged to members of the Stjernswärd family since 1837.
# Diego Hurtado de Mendoza, 2nd Marquis of Cañete

Diego Hurtado de Mendoza y Silva, 2nd Marquis of Cañete (c. 1478–1542) was a Spanish nobleman and military leader.
He was the son of Don Honorato de Mendoza, Lord of the cities of la Parilla and Belmontejo and of Francisca de Silva, daughter of Juan de Silva, 1st Count of Cifuentes. Diego Hurtado de Mendoza inherited the title from his grandfather, Juan Hurtado de Mendoza, 1st Marquis of Cañete, in 1490. He was appointed first captain general and governor of Galicia, and later Viceroy of Navarre in 1534, position he held until his death in 1542.
# Bare-metal stent

A bare-metal stent is a stent made of thin, uncoated (bare) metal wire that has been formed into a mesh-like tube. The first stents licensed for use in cardiac arteries were bare metal – often 316L stainless steel. More recent "second generation" bare-metal stents have been made of cobalt chromium alloy. While plastic stents were first used to treat gastrointestinal conditions of the esophagus, gastroduodenum, biliary ducts, and colon, bare-metal stent advancements led to their use for these conditions starting in the 1990s.
Drug-eluting stents are often preferred over bare-metal stents because the latter carry a higher risk of restenosis, the growth of tissue into the stent resulting in vessel narrowing.

## Examples

* Stainless steel: R stent (OrbusNeich), Genous Bio-engineered R stent (OrbusNeich), (J&J, Cordis) BxVelocity, (Medtronic) Express2, Matrix Stent (Sahajanand Medical technologies)
* Cobalt-chromium alloy: Vision (Abbott Vascular); MP35N Driver stent (Medtronic)
* Platinum chromium alloy: Omega BMS (Boston Scientific)
# In Wonderland

In Wonderland (Norwegian:I Æventyrland) is a travelogue written by Knut Hamsun in 1903. It documents Hamsun's impressions during his visit to the Russian Caucasus, Persia and Turkey in 1899.
Sverre Lyngstad translated In Wonderland into English in 2003.
# Ellen Santana

Ellen Santana (born 13 May 1998) is a Brazilian judoka.
Santana won a medal at the 2019 World Judo Championships.
# Jahanabad, Firuzabad

Jahanabad (Persian: جهان اباد, also Romanized as Jahānābād; also known as Jahānshāhābād) is a village in Firuzabad Rural District, Firuzabad District, Selseleh County, Lorestan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 125, in 24 families.
# National Sports Academy "Vasil Levski"

The Vassil Levski National Sports Academy (Bulgarian: Национална Спортна Академия "Васил Левски"), commonly referred to as the NSA, is Bulgaria's premiere higher education institution specializing in teaching physical education. It is named after national hero Vasil Levski.

## History

The academy was established in 1942 by a decree of Tsar Boris III as the Higher School for Physical Education (Висше Уилище за Телесно Възпитание). It was named Higher Institute for Physical Education and Sport (Висш Институт за Физическо Възпитание и Спорт) from 1953 to 1995. In 1995, by decision of the National Assembly, the VIF was renamed the National Sports Academy. Discover a new, modernly-equipped educational building in the Student Town of Darvenica. A high-mountain training base at the Vitosha National Academy was created during that time.

## Academics

The university offers bachelor's, master's, and doctoral degrees in a wide variety of sports-related disciplines. Curricula are distributed among three faculties:
* Faculty of Coaching
* Faculty of Physical Education
* Faculty of Kinesiotherapy, Tourism, and Sports Animation

## Careers

The alumni of the National Sports Academy have found professional realization as:
* Coaches of club or national teams, as well as trainers in youth sports academies;
* Teachers and lecturers in physical education and sports at kindergartens, schools, and universities;
* Kinesitherapists or physiotherapists in hospitals, sanatoriums, and rehabilitation centers;
* Instructors in fitness and SPA centers;
* Sport Animators in sports and leisure centers;
* Trainers of people with disabilities and special educational needs;
* Sports Psychologists of elite athletes and teams;
* Managers of sports clubs, fitness centers, sports facilities, sports federations, and associations;
* Sports journalists and commentators in electronic and print media;
* Specialists in physical and martial applied training in the system of Ministry of Interior and Ministry of Defense.

## Basketball

National Sports Academy men's basketball team won Bulgarian Cup in 1964.

## Cricket

In September 2020, the ground was selected to host the first official T20I matches played in Bulgaria.
# Bergen District Court

Bergen District Court (Norwegian: Bergen tingrett) was a district court in Vestland county, Norway. The court was based in the city of Bergen at the Bergen Courthouse at Tårnplads 2 in Bergen. The court existed until 2021. It had jurisdiction over the Nordhordland, Midhordland, and Voss regions in the county. This included the municipalities of Gulen, Fedje, Austrheim, Masfjorden, Modalen, Alver, Askøy, Øygarden, Osterøy, Vaksdal, Voss, Austevoll, Bjørnafjorden, Samnanger, and Bergen. Cases from this court could be appealed to Gulating Court of Appeal.
The court was a court of first instance. Its judicial duties were mainly to settle criminal cases and to resolve civil litigation as well as bankruptcy. The administration and registration tasks of the court included death registration, issuing certain certificates, performing duties of a notary public, and officiating civil wedding ceremonies. Cases from this court were heard by a combination of professional judges and lay judges.

## Courthouse

Bergen Tinghus was designed by architect Egill Reimers in a neoclassical style during 1933 and it is considered one of his main works. The brick building has 25 courtrooms covering six floors plus basement and loft. At the main entrance on Tårnplass, there are four granite statues representing the cardinal virtues: wisdom, justice, moderation and strength. The sculptures were designed by artists Nic Schiøll and Stinius Fredriksen.

## History

The court was originally established in 1591 as the civil and criminal court for the city of Bergen. In 2006, this court was merged with the Bergen byfogdembete (city attorney's office) which added the authority for bankruptcy, probate, property and other types of cases. On 1 January 2017, the Nordhordland District Court was merged with this court, vastly expanding the area of its jurisdiction. On 26 April 2021, the Bergen District Court was merged with the Hardanger District Court to create the new Hordaland District Court.
# Jens Peter Broch

Jens Peter Broch (November 6, 1819 – March 15, 1886) was a Norwegian orientalist and linguist that specialized in Semitic languages.

## Personal life

Broch was born in Kristiansand. He was the son of Johan Jørgen Broch (1791–1860), a lieutenant colonel, a war commissioner, and parliamentarian, and Jensine Laurentze Bentzen (1790–1877). His brother Ole Jacob Broch (1818–1889) was a mathematician at the university in Oslo, and they built their own homes in the neighborhood known as "Professor Town" (Norwegian: Professorbyen); Jens' house was named Fridarheim and Ole's Fagerheim. Jens married Louise Joachime Müller (1827–1913) in 1847; she was the daughter of Captain Otto Fredrik Müller (1782–1854) and Vilhelmine Hedevig Bech (1796–1880). They had no children, but a foster daughter Hedvig Bie (born Solberg), who was his wife's sister's daughter.

## Education and career

Together with his brother Ole, Jens attended the Kristiansand Cathedral School for three years before the family moved to Christiania (now Oslo) in 1833. There they attended the private Headmaster Møller Institute (Norwegian: Overlærer Møllers institut), which Ulrik Wilhelm Møller (1791–1853) had founded in 1822. Jens studied there until he received his candidatus theologiæ degree in 1843, and then he became a teacher at the Nissen Latin and Secondary School (Norwegian: Nissens latin- og realskole), which his brother Ole had also just started teaching at. In 1845 he became a research fellow at the Royal Frederik University (now the University of Oslo), and was its second teacher in oriental studies and oriental languages, especially Arabic. He studied abroad and was hosted, among others, by Heinrich Leberecht Fleischer (1801–1888) in Leipzig, the same place where the prominent theologian Carl Paul Caspari (1814–1892) stayed from 1834 to 1838 and received his doctorate in 1842. It was the experience of Broch and Caspari in Leipzig that later inspired the theologian Elias Blix (1836–1902) to stay in the city from 1871 to 1872. Broch also had a long stay abroad from 1853 to 1855. In 1859 he published the first Arabic text in Norway and he translated many poems from Arabic. He was elected to the newly established Christiania Science Society (now the Norwegian Academy of Science and Letters) in 1859, and to the Royal Norwegian Society of Sciences and Letters in 1877. He became an associate lecturer in 1865 and a full professor in 1876. His main work is a very careful edition of Al-Zamakhshari's grammatical work Al-Mufassal (1879).
# Artas of Messapia

Artas (Ancient Greek: Ἄρτας) or Artus (Ancient Greek: Ἄρτος) (ruled c. 430 – 413 BC) was a king of the Messapians. Artas was a strong ally of Athens during the Pelopponesian War and led an anti-Spartan campaign against Taras. Artas is also called Artos and in Greek is known as 'Bread-man'.
Artas made an alliance with Athens around 430 BC. The Iapygians placed the colony of Taras under constant pressure throughout the 5th century BC and indeed in the 4th century BC and the Hellenistic period as well. For the Athenians to align themselves with Artas was an anti-Tarentine and thus an anti-Spartan act. The Athenian cultivation of Artas was therefore a good way to create difficulties for the Spartan colony of Taras. His friendship was similar to the Athenian alliance with Metapontion.
In 418 BC, Artas renewed his old friendship with Athens at the time when Athens was beginning its Sicilian Expedition and was a proxenos of Athens. In 413 BC, Artas supplied the Athenians with one hundred and fifty javelin-throwers for the war against Syracuse. Artas made the Messapian state into a major military and political centre in the affairs of Magna Graecia.