OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Shushnur

Shushnur (Russian: Шушнур; Bashkir: Шушнур, Şuşnur) is a rural locality (a selo) and the administrative centre of Shushnursky Selsoviet, Krasnokamsky District, Bashkortostan, Russia. The population was 471 as of 2010. There are 5 streets.

## Geography

Shushnur is located 36 km southeast of Nikolo-Beryozovka (the district's administrative centre) by road. Novaya Mushta is the nearest rural locality.
# Churayevo, Mishkinsky District, Republic of Bashkortostan

Churayevo (Russian: Чураево; Bashkir: Сурай, Suray; Meadow Mari: Чорай, Čoraj) is a rural locality (a selo) and the administrative centre of Churayevsky Selsoviet, Mishkinsky District, Bashkortostan, Russia. The population was 984 as of 2010. There are 9 streets.

## Geography

Churayevo is located 43 km northwest of Mishkino (the district's administrative centre) by road. Oktyabr is the nearest rural locality.
# Winged altarpiece

A winged altarpiece (also folding altar) or winged retable is a special form of altarpiece (reredos, occasionally retable), common in Northern and Central Europe, in which the central image, either a painting or relief sculpture (or some combination of the two) can be hidden by hinged wings. It is called a triptych if there are two wings, a pentaptych (but this is rarely used in English) if there are four, or a polyptych if there are four or more. The technical terms are derived from Ancient Greek: τρίς: trís or "triple"; πέντε: pénte or "five"; πολύς: polýs or "many"; and πτυχή: ptychē or "fold, layer".
There are often images on both the insides and outsides of the wings, enabling the altarpiece to display completely different views when open and closed. It was usually the custom to keep the wings closed except on Sundays or feast days, although very often the sacristan would open them for tourists at any time for a modest tip. Small winged paintings, usually triptychs, were also owned by the wealthy for private devotions, and services in the house; they had the advantage that the open view was fairly well protected when covered up during travel.
The form was especially popular in the later Middle Ages, and during the Northern Renaissance. In the 17th century, Rubens was one of the last major painters to use it. It was never as popular in Italy, where there were many polyptychs, but usually built without hinges, so always "open", even if there were also images on the back, as in the Maestà by Duccio for Siena Cathedral.
Above the retable may be found the crowning or superstructure, pinnacles and flowers of the cross. Relics can be housed below it, in a reliquary in the predella lying on the altar stone.

## Examples

* Pacher Altar of St. Wolfgang im Salzkammergut
* Kefermarkt Altarpiece in Kefermarkt
* Krakow High Altar in St. Mary's Basilica by Veit Stoß.
* Ghent Altarpiece by Jan van Eyck
* Isenheim Altarpiece by Matthias Grünewald
* Herrenberg Altarpiece, Staatsgalerie Stuttgart
* Antwerp Retable
* The largest collection of medieval reredoses in Germany is to be found in St. Anne's Abbey, Lübeck, including the Passion Altarpiece by Hans Memling and the Schonen Altarpiece by Bernt Notke
* The Last Judgment by Hans Memling, Gdańsk
* Schwabach Altarpiece in the Church of St. John and St. Martin in Schwabach, a high altar from the workshop of Michael Wolgemut
* The Altar Wings of Roudníky
* Altar of Saint Mary, Alpirsbach Abbey

## Literature

* Herbert Schindler: The Schnitzaltar. Meisterwerke und Meister in Süddeutschland, Österreich und Südtirol. Verlag Friedrich Pustet, Regensburg 1978. ISBN 3-7917-0754-X
* Karl-Werner Bachmann, Géza Jászai, Friedrich Kobler, Catheline Périer-D'Ieteren, Barbara Rommé, Norbert Wolf: Flügelretabel, in: Reallexikon zur Deutschen Kunstgeschichte, Vol. 9, 2003, ISBN 3-406-14009-2, cols. 1450–1536.
# Ziros, Preveza

Ziros (Greek: Ζηρός, named after Lake Ziros) is a municipality in the Preveza regional unit, Epirus, Greece. The seat of the municipality is the village Filippiada. The municipality has an area of 380.601 km$^2$.

## Municipality

The municipality Ziros was formed at the 2011 local government reform by the merger of the following 4 former municipalities, that became municipal units:
* Anogeio
* Filippiada
* Kranea
* Thesprotiko
# Heteroponera robusta

Heteroponera robusta is a species of ant in the genus Heteroponera. Endemic to Brazil, it was described by Kempf in 1962.
# Leokadia, Masovian Voivodeship

Leokadia is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Łaskarzew, within Garwolin County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately 3 kilometres (2 mi) east of Łaskarzew, 13 km (8 mi) south of Garwolin, and 65 km (40 mi) south-east of Warsaw.
# Centro Universitario de Estudios Cinematográficos

The National School of Film Arts (Spanish: Escuela Nacional de Artes Cinematográficas or ENAC) is a public film school part of the National Autonomous University of Mexico in Mexico City. It was influenced by the Nouvelle Vague and by the First Contest of Experimental Film organized in Mexico that year.
In 42 years, CUEC has had as students several of the main Mexican filmmakers.
CUEC produces almost 100 short films a year, many showing at international festivals.

## History

The Escuela Nacional de Artes Cinematográficas was founded in 1963 as the official film school of the National Autonomous University of Mexico. In 1972, it became a member of the International Association of Film and Television Schools (CILECT). In 1986, it launched an annual cycle of film production. In 2015, the school launched a degree in Cinematography with nine specialty fields. In 2019, the school was supplemented by the National School of Cinematographic Arts, a new UNAM entity designed to give a national dimension to the film school.

## Notable alumni

* Alfonso Cuarón
* Emmanuel Lubezki
* Henner Hofmann
* Alexis Zabé
* Jaime Aparicio
* Nicolas Echevarría
* Fernando Eimbcke
* Luis Estrada
* Jorge Fons
* Jaime Humberto Hermosillo
* Julian Hernandez
* Juan Mora
* Carlos Marcovich
* Maria Novaro
* Raúl Kamffer (1st generation)
# Bolle reiste jüngst zu Pfingsten

Bolle reiste jüngst zu Pfingsten (Bolle made a trip on whitsun) is a folk song in the Berlin dialect. The song mocks the stereotype of Berliners as unrestrictedly revelrous.
According to music professor Lukas Richter [de] the song is of the Schwank type common in German-speaking countries (compare to Oh du lieber Augustin). The song makes references to Pankow which was a suburb of Berlin in the middle of the 19th century. At that time it was a common conduct for people from Berlin to board a Kremser van – the Berlin variant of a charabanc – to drive out of town to one of the inns, in the case of this song one of the many around the Schönholzer Heide park [de; nl] that were a popular destination for day-trippers.
The name Bolle (meaning "onion" in Berlin dialect) refers to an indeterminate person, and there is no evidence that it refers to the Berlin merchant Carl Bolle [de] or hairdresser Fritze Bollmann [de].
As common for a folk song there are a number of recordings available which show variants in wording as well as the number of verses. The song is also changed deliberately when used to make a political statement by using the refrain "but whatever happened, Bolle had his fun" (Aber dennoch hat sich Bolle janz köstlich amüsiert).

## Song

| 1. Bolle reiste jüngst zu Pfingsten, Nach Pankow war sein Ziel; Da verlor er seinen Jüngsten Janz plötzlich im Jewühl; ’Ne volle halbe Stunde Hat er nach ihm jespürt. Aber dennoch hat sich Bolle Janz köstlich amüsiert. 2. In Pankow jab’s keen Essen, In Pankow jab’s keen Bier, War allet uffjefressen Von fremden Leuten hier. Nich’ ma’ ’ne Butterstulle Hat man ihm reserviert! Aber dennoch hat sich Bolle Janz köstlich amüsiert. | 3. Auf der Schönholzer Heide, Da jab’s ’ne Keilerei, Und Bolle, jar nich feige, War mittenmang dabei, Hat’s Messer rausjezogen Und fünfe massakriert. Aber dennoch hat sich Bolle Janz köstlich amüsiert. 4. Es fing schon an zu tagen, Als er sein Heim erblickt. Das Hemd war ohne Kragen, Das Nasenbein zerknickt, Das rechte Auge fehlte, Das linke marmoriert. Aber dennoch hat sich Bolle Janz köstlich amüsiert. | 5. Als er nach Haus jekommen, Da ging’s ihm aber schlecht, Da hat ihn seine Olle janz mörderisch verdrescht! ’Ne volle halbe Stunde Hat sie auf ihm poliert. Aber dennoch hat sich Bolle Janz köstlich amüsiert. 6. Und Bolle wollte sterben, Er hat sich’s überlegt: Er hat sich uff die Schienen Der Kleinbahn druffjelegt; Die Kleinbahn hat Verspätung, Und vierzehn Tage druff, Da fand man unsern Bolle Als Dörrjemüse uff. | 7. Und Bolle wurd' begraben, in einer alten Kist'. Der Pfarrer sagte 'Amen' und warf ihn uff 'n Mist. Die Leute klatschten Beifall, und gingen dann nach Haus. Und nun ist die Jeschichte von uns'rem Bolle aus! |
# Erie to Pittsburgh Trail

The Erie to Pittsburgh Trail is a 270-mile (430 km) rail trail being developed between Erie and Pittsburgh in Western Pennsylvania and Western New York. It will connect to the Great Allegheny Passage (GAP), creating a 605 mi (974 km) off-road route between Erie and Washington, D.C. via the GAP and the C&O Canal. It will also connect to the Erie Canal trail via New York Bike Route 517 along Lake Erie.
There are two tunnels on the trail's route: Rockland Tunnel (2,868 ft; 874 m) and Kennerdell Tunnel (3,350 ft; 1,020 m). The Kennerdell Tunnel is one of the longest rail trail tunnels in the United States and among the longest bicycle/pedestrian tunnels in the world.
# Norwegian Union of Telecommunication Workers

The Norwegian Union of Telecommunication Workers (Norwegian: Norsk Teletjeneste Forbund, NTTF) was a trade union representing fitters and delivery workers at Televerket.
The union was founded in October 1930, as the Norwegian Telephone and Telegraph Union. It affiliated to the Norwegian Confederation of Trade Unions, and by 1963, it had 8,047 members.
As of 1988, the union had 13,092 members. In November, it merged with the Norwegian Telecommunication Organisation, to form the Norwegian Telecommunication and Data Workers' Union.
# Prapreče pri Šentjerneju

Prapreče pri Šentjerneju (pronounced; German: Prapretsche) is a settlement in the Municipality of Šentjernej in southeastern Slovenia. The entire municipality is part of the traditional region of Lower Carniola. It is now included in the Southeast Slovenia Statistical Region. It includes the hamlet of Gmajnica (German: Gmainza).

## Geography

Prapreče pri Šentjerneju is a clustered village on the edge of a terrace about 10 m above a broad stream valley. The soil is mostly loamy. Tilled fields surround the settlement and have local names: V ograji (literally, 'in the enclosure' to the northwest), Cerkvišče (literally, 'churchyard' to the northeast), Laz (literally, 'clearing' to the east, where there are also meadows), Široke njive (literally, 'broad fields' to the south), and Hrib (literally 'hill' to the west). The slopes of the terrace are planted with grapes and there is mixed woodland to the west.

## Name

The village was first recorded as Praprotschach in 1304 (and as Probeszech in 1392 and Praprasach in 1423). The name is derived from the Slovene common noun praprot 'fern' and, like similar names (e.g., Praproče, Praprotno Brdo, Paprače = German: Farrendorf), originally referred to the local vegetation. The village was known as Prapretsche in German in the past. The name of the settlement was changed from Prapreče to Prapreče pri Šentjerneju in 1953.

## History

The village was first mentioned in written sources in 1304, when the Sicherstein family transferred the manor and ten farms there into the feudal possession of a certain Martin and his wife. The village later came under the control of the Counts of Celje and then the Prince-Bishopric of Freising. In 1423, two brothers named Freichawer from Vrhovo are recorded as operating two mills in Prapreče belonging to the Prince-Bishopric of Freising. In modern history, the surname Vrtačič is particularly common in the village.

## Cultural heritage

Archaeological finds at two sites close to the village have shown Late Iron Age and Roman-era occupation.
# 1-Fluorohexane

1-Fluorohexane is a chemical compound from the group of aliphatic saturated halogenated hydrocarbons. The chemical formula is CH$_3$(CH$_2$)$_5$F.

## Synthesis

1-Fluorohexane can be obtained by reacting 1-chlorohexane or 1-bromohexane with potassium fluoride in ethylene glycol.

## Physical properties

1-Fluorohexane is a colorless liquid that is soluble in ether and benzene.

## Chemical properties

The compound reacts with activated Mg:
       CH$_3$(CH$_2$)$_5$F + Mg (activated) → C$_6$H$_{13}$MgF

## Uses

The compound is primarily used in the field of organic chemistry as a reagent or solvent. Also, 1-fluorohexane is used in physical chemistry as a model compound for understanding the physico-chemical properties of fluorinated hydrocarbons.
# Tei Saito

Tei Saito (Japanese: 斎藤てい, 8 February 1907 – 23 January 1991) was a Japanese politician. She was one of the first group of women elected to the House of Representatives in 1946.

## Biography

Saito was born in Wakayama Prefecture in 1907 and was educated at Uchimi Girls' Vocational School. She married Motohide Saito, a lawyer. During World War II she was an officer in the National Women's Defence Association [ja] in the Takinogawa [ja] area of Tokyo.
After the war, Saito became a member of the Japan Progressive Party and served as deputy director of its women's section. She was a candidate for the party in Wakayama in the 1946 general elections (the first in which women could vote), and was elected to the House of Representatives. After the Progressive Party merged into the Democratic Party, she was an unsuccessful Democratic Party candidate in Wakayama 1st district in the 1947 elections. She later moved to Tokyo with her husband and died in 1991.
# Leontyna, Masovian Voivodeship

Leontyna is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Jakubów, within Mińsk County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately 5 kilometres (3 mi) west of Jakubów, 6 km (4 mi) north-east of Mińsk Mazowiecki, and 42 km (26 mi) east of Warsaw.
# Schnee Eifel

The Schnee Eifel is a heavily wooded landscape in Germany's Central Uplands, up to 699.1 m above sea level (NHN), that forms part of the western Eifel in the area of the German-Belgian border. The name may have been derived in the 19th century from the Schneifel chain of hills, which had nothing to do with snow (Schnee), but with the name for a forest swathe (Schneise).

## Geography

The Schnee Eifel natural region is formed by the southern part of the Hohes Venn-Eifel Nature Park. To the north it is bounded by the river Kyll, the border with the North Eifel, that begins near Hallschlag and Kronenburg with the Zitter Forest; To the east the Kyll forms the boundary river with the High Eifel. To the south the Schnee Eifel merges into the South Eifel to Pronsfeld in the Prümer Land. Its highest elevation is found on the Schneifel ridge: the 697.3 metres (2,288 ft) high Schwarzer Mann ("Black Man").
The term Schneifel is frequently employed in publications to mean the whole Schnee Eifel region, but they are not synonymous. The Schneifel is actually the uninhabited central chain of hills in the Schnee-Eifel; whose coverage goes beyond the narrow definition of the Schneifel and includes the southern source region of the Kyll and its upper reaches as well as the adjoining Prüm Forest southeast of the main crest.
The largest town in the Schnee Eifel is Prüm which lies on the river of the same name. Its well-known ski areas are the Schwarze Mann and the Wolfsschlucht. They lie about 15 kilometres (9.3 mi) northwest and 5 kilometres (3.1 mi) north of Prüm respectively.

### Geology

Much of the Eifel belongs to the Rhine Massif. The Schnee Eifel, and in particular, the Schneifel, its highest region, is a truncated upland, the stumps of once great mountains that were formed by Hercynian folding during the Devonian period of geological history. After a long period of severe erosion they were uplifted again in the Quaternary period. Scattered areas of old rock with smooth relief still exist, although at times they are hard to discern. Rougher highlands stand out from this base, especially in the north (Prümer Land) ], owing to the hardness of their rocks, like the quartzite ridge of the Schneifel. This long, sinewy ridge juts out above the less jagged, old plateau by around 100 metres and is clear evidence of the resistance of the local quartz rock to the forces of weathering.
It is remarkable for its length of 15 kilometres (9.3 mi) against an average width of just 2 kilometres (1.2 mi). With little variation in height, it runs from Brandscheid as far as Ormont near Stadtkyll, where it ends at the Steinberg (654 m).

### Fauna

Due to its remote location the Schnee-Eifel is undeveloped, where rare plants and animals may be found, including the wildcat and, for several years now, the Eurasian lynx.

## Fiction

The hamlet of Winterspelt is the setting for the novel of the same name by Alfred Andersch, which takes place in the final months of the Second World War.
# Neustadt

Neustadt (German for new town or new city) may refer to:

## Places

* Neustadt (urban district)

### Czech Republic

* Neustadt an der Mettau, Nové Město nad Metují
* Neustadt an der Tafelfichte, Nové Město pod Smrkem
* Nové Město na Moravě (German: Neustadt in Mähren)

### Germany
#### Bavaria

* Neustadt an der Aisch, the capital of the district Neustadt an der Aisch-Bad Windsheim
* Neustadt bei Coburg, a town in the district of Coburg
* Neustadt an der Donau, a town in the district of Kelheim
* Neustadt am Kulm, a town in the district of Neustadt (Waldnaab)
* Neustadt am Main, a town in the district of Main-Spessart
* Neustadt an der Waldnaab, the capital of the district of Neustadt (Waldnaab)

#### Brandenburg

* Neustadt an der Dosse, a town in the district of Ostprignitz-Ruppin
* Amt Neustadt (Dosse), a collective municipality in Neustadt (Dosse)

#### Lower Saxony

* Neustadt am Rübenberge, a town in the district of Hanover

#### Rhineland-Palatinate

* Neustadt an der Weinstraße, a city and urban district, the largest city of that name in Germany
** Neustadt (Weinstraße) Hauptbahnhof, a railway station
* Neustadt, Westerwaldkreis, a municipality in the district Westerwaldkreis
* Neustadt (Wied), a municipality in the district of Neuwied

#### Saxony

* Neustadt in Sachsen, a town in the district of Sächsische Schweiz
** Neustadt (Sachs) railway station
* Neustadt, Vogtland, a municipality in the district Vogtlandkreis

#### Thuringia

* Neustadt, Eichsfeld, a municipality in the district of Eichsfeld
* Neustadt an der Orla, a town in the district Saale-Orla-Kreis
* Neustadt am Rennsteig, a municipality in the district of Ilm-Kreis in Thuringia

#### Other places in Germany

* Halle-Neustadt, a modern high-rise residential town built during the GDR. Since reunification, it was united with Halle (Saale)
* Neustadt, a municipal district of Bremen
* Neustadt, Hamburg, a quarter within the borough of Hamburg-Mitte
* Neustadt, Hesse, a town in the district of Marburg-Biedenkopf, Hesse
* Neustadt in Holstein, a town in the district of Ostholstein, Schleswig-Holstein
* Neustadt, a part of the urban district of Innenstadt, Cologne, North Rhine-Westphalia
* Neustadt, a town and part of the municipality Titisee-Neustadt, Baden-Württemberg

### Hungary

* Neustadt am Zeltberg, Sátoraljaújhely
* Neustadt an der Donau, Dunaújváros
* Neustadt an der Tisza, Tiszaújváros

### Poland

* Neustadt an der Warthe, Nowe Miasto nad Wartą
* Neustadt bei Pinne, Lwówek
* Neustadt in Oberschlesien, Prudnik
* Neustadt in Westpreußen, Wejherowo

### Other places

* Neustadt, Ontario, Canada
* Neustadt (Strasbourg), a district of Strasbourg, France
* Noiștat, Sibiu, Romania
* Neustadt im Burzenland or Cristian, Brașov, Romania
* Neustadt an der Waag or Nové Mesto nad Váhom, Slovakia
* Wiener Neustadt, Austria

## Other uses

* Neustadt (surname), a surname (including a list of people with the name)
* Neustadt International Prize for Literature, an American literary award
* NSK Neustadt Prize for Children's Literature, an American literary award
* Neustadt, the hometown of the protagonist in Emil and the Detectives
# The Five Thousand Year Leap

The Five Thousand Year Leap: Twenty-Eight Great Ideas That Are Changing the World is a book that was published in 1981 by American Mormon author and attorney W. Cleon Skousen. The book asserts that the United States prospered because it was established upon universal natural law principles that had been passed down from common law and traditional Judeo-Christian morality, as many of the Founding Fathers had been guided by the Bible, among others. Thus, the book asserts that the U.S. Constitution incorporates enlightened ideas.

## Criticism

Associate Professor at the University of Texas at Austin of Ancient Mediterranean Religions Tony Keddie describes The 5,000 Year Leap as a book that suggests that Jesus "promoted the prosperity of the commonwealth... and the freedom (and responsibility) of individuals to improve themselves."
Princeton University historian Sean Wilentz disputes the book's claims on taxes, the redistribution of wealth, the separation of church and state, and the "In God We Trust" motto. Wilentz describes The 5,000 Year Leap as "a treatise that assembles selective quotations and groundless assertions to claim that the US Constitution is rooted not in the Enlightenment but in the Bible and that the framers believed in minimal central government." Wilentz categorically disputes those assertions:
   Either proposition would have astounded James Madison, often described as the guiding spirit behind the Constitution, who rejected state-established religions and, like Alexander Hamilton, proposed a central government so strong that it could veto state laws.
Wilentz acknowledges that the Founding Fathers rejected what Samuel Adams denounced as "utopian schemes of leveling," but he notes that some of the Founding Fathers were quite pragmatic when it came to policy specifics.
# Kalt-e Olya

Kalt-e Olya (Persian: كلتعليا, also Romanized as Kalt-e ‘Olyā; also known as Kalt-e Bālā and Koltābād) is a village in Qatur Rural District, Qatur District, Khoy County, West Azerbaijan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 292, in 50 families.
# Gudkan-e Yek

Gudkan-e Yek (Persian: گودكن 1, also Romanized as Gūdkan-e Yek) is a village in Chahar Gonbad Rural District, in the Central District of Sirjan County, Kerman Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 32, in 7 families.
# Sukhorechka

Sukhorechka (Russian: Сухоречка) is a rural locality (a selo) and the administrative centre of Sukhorechensky Selsoviet, Bizhbulyaksky District, Bashkortostan, Russia. The population was 775 as of 2010. There are 7 streets.

## Geography

Sukhorechka is located 30 km northwest of Bizhbulyak (the district's administrative centre) by road. Novy Biktyash is the nearest rural locality.