OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Ministry of the Interior Academy of the Republic of Belarus

The Ministry of the Interior Academy of the Republic of Belarus (Belarusian: Акадэмія Міністэрства ўнутраных спраў Рэспублікі Беларусь; Russian: Академия Министерства внутренних дел Республики Беларусь) is a Belarusian military institution located in Minsk, Belarus. It is part of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Belarus.

## History

The Minsk High School of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the USSR was established on 16 May 1958 on the basis of the preceding Minsk police academy. The main structural units of the school became the training faculty and the Vilnius and Riga faculty for long-distance learning. In September 1973, the school of was transformed into a regional faculty of the larger Academy of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the USSR, based in Moscow. On 1 January 1976, the Minsk Higher School of the Soviet MVD was reestablished on the basis of this faculty. Political transformations of the second half of the 1980s necessitated the improvement of higher legal education, especially in the law enforcement sphere. Its main areas were therefore the fundamentalization and humanization of the teaching of legal disciplines and the introduction of computer technology into the educational process. In the summer of 1985, a detachment of the school took part in the protection of public order during the 12th World Festival of Youth and Students in Moscow and was recognized by the leadership of the national interior ministry as one of the best. In April 1992, the Militsiya Academy was established, becoming an organ of the interior ministry in September 1995.

## Present day

Future officers are trained at the academy by specialists at sub-units such as the Faculty of Law, the Faculty of Advanced Studies and the Retraining of Leading Personnel. The academy has 19 departments, which act as the de facto organizers/participants of scientific forums. It is a member of the International Association of Police Academies (INTERPA). On graduation day, cadets traditionally wear the shoulder straps of police lieutenants. It has been awarded the Prize of the Government of Belarus twice.

## Notable alumni

* Adilgerei Magomedtagirov, interior minister of Dagestan in the mid-late 2000s
* Uladzimir Navumau, Head of the Presidential Security Service of Belarus from January 1999 to September 2000
* Vitaliy Zakharchenko, Ukrainian and senior consultant at the Rostec corporation
* Viktor Sheiman, former Chief of Staff to the President of Belarus
* Andrei Ostapovich
# Bridlewood, Calgary

Bridlewood is a suburban residential neighbourhood in the southwest quadrant of Calgary, Alberta. It is located at the southwestern edge of the city, north of Stoney Trail and south of the community of Evergreen. To the east it borders the Bridlewood Creek Wetland, a wetland created by the City of Calgary as a stormwater retention pond. The Spruce Meadows equestrian facility is located immediately south.
It is represented in the Calgary City Council by the Ward 13 councillor.

## Demographics

In the City of Calgary's 2012 municipal census, Bridlewood had a population of 11,835 living in 4,200 dwellings, a 1.7% increase from its 2011 population of 11,641. With a land area of 3.2 km$^2$ (1.2 sq mi), it had a population density of 3,700/km$^2$ (9,580/sq mi) in 2012.
Residents in this community had a median household income of $70,477 in 2000, and there were 6.2% low income residents living in the neighbourhood. As of 2000, 15.9% of the residents were immigrants. All buildings were single-family detached homes, and 4.3% of the housing was used for renting.

## Education

Bridlewood has one Catholic (Monsignor J.J O'Brien), (Grades K-9), one Christian (Glenmore Christian Academy), (Grades K-9) and one public school (Bridlewood Elementary), (Grades K-6).
# Palatka, Magadan Oblast

Palatka (Russian: Палатка, lit. tent) is an urban locality (an urban-type settlement) and the administrative center of Khasynsky District of Magadan Oblast, Russia, located on the Kolyma Highway, 87 kilometers (54 mi) northwest of Magadan and about 100 kilometers (62 mi) south of Atka. Population: 4,244 (2010 Census); 4,888 (2002 Census); 10,496 (1989 Soviet census).

## Geography

The settlement is located by the bank of the Khasyn, flowing from the Kolyma Mountains.

## History

The exact date of foundation of the settlement is unclear, although it began at some point in the early 1930s as the area's gold reserves were explored, and a labor camp of the gulag was built here. The first official mention was in June 1932, when the first bridge was built over the Palatka River. In 1937, there were around 3,000 held at the prison settlement. The name Palatka is identical with the Russian word for 'tent', which has been suggested as the origin of the town's name as during the early period of the settlement's history it existed largely as a collection of tents and semi-permanent structures. It is also suggested that the name may come from the Evenk words Palja Atken, meaning 'stony river'.
In spite of its somewhat chaotic and unplanned nature, by 1939 Palatka was one of the largest settlements on the Kolyma Highway, and in August of that year began the construction of permanent dwellings. A narrow-gauge railway was built from Palatka to the harbor at Magadan, which remained in operation until 1950.
In the 1960s, a sovkhoz based around farming reindeer was opened in the settlement.
In the 1970s, mining activity began in nearby Karamken, and Palatka became a dormitory town for mine workers.
After the dissolution of the Soviet Union, the closure of the reindeer farm left a great number of local people unemployed (mainly Evenks and Orochs), and the mining industry also saw a general downturn with administration moving to other localities such as Susuman.
The settlement maintains sister relations with Palatka in the US state of Florida. The names are only coincidentally identical, with the name of Palatka in Florida being of Native American origin.
Palatka lies on the route of the proposed future rail link between the Amur Yakutsk Mainline and Magadan.

## Sister city

* Palatka, United States
# School of Dance and Circus

The School of Dance and Circus (Swedish: Dans- och cirkushögskolan, DOCH) was, until 2014, a Swedish institution offering higher education in the fields of dance education, folk dance, dance, dance therapy, historical dance, choreography and contemporary circus. Since 1 January 2014 it has been a part of Stockholm University of the Arts, and the previous name is no longer used. DOCH was founded as the Institute of Choreography (Koreografiska institutet) in 1963; in 1978 it was renamed the University College of Dance, “Danshögskolan”; in 2010 it became the University of Dance and Circus, "Dans och Cirkushögskolan" (DOCH). It operated under the Ministry of Education, and was fully funded by the government and therefore had no tuition fees for Swedish and EU citizens.

## Circus programme

Attendance at the circus school was awarded on the basis of live auditions held in Stockholm, with tests of physical strength, flexibility, endurance, and theatrical skill. In addition, each applicant was required to give a demonstration of their own performance specialty.
The program, headed by Ivar Heckscher, trained students in acrobatics, equilibristics, aerial technique, and juggling. In addition, each student received advanced training in at least one discipline. The neocircus program included theoretical studies to complement each student's personal artistic development.
Until 2007, no Americans had ever been accepted into the neocircus program. In June 2007, American juggler Wes Peden became one of 16 students chosen from 68 candidates, who were culled from 200 applicants.

## Vice-chancellors

* 2006–2013 Efva Lilja
* 1996–2005 Kari Sylwan
* 1976–1996 Lena Malmsjö
* 1971–1976 Lilian Runestam
* 1963–1971 Bengt Häger
* 1963 Birgit Cullberg
# Bahía de Loreto National Park

Bahía de Loreto National Park (Spanish: Parque Nacional Bahía de Loreto) is a national park on the east coast of the Baja California Peninsula in Mexico, about 203 kilometres (126 mi) north of the city of La Paz in the state of Baja California Sur. The park protects 2,065.81 square kilometres (797.61 sq mi) of relatively pristine marine ecosystem in the central Sea of Cortez, including five large uninhabited islands and many smaller islets in Loreto Bay. It is known for its great variety of coastal environments, such as sandy beaches, sea cliffs, submarine canyons, and marine terraces, and is home to an exceptionally high biological diversity, especially of marine mammals.
The national park was created by federal decree on July 19, 1996, and is administered by the Natural Commission of Protected Natural Areas (CONANP), an agency of Mexico's Secretariat of Environment and Natural Resources. In 2004, it joined the Ramsar list of Wetlands of International Importance, and in 2005, it was declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site collectively with many other protected areas in the Gulf of California.

## Description

Bahía de Loreto National Park protects Loreto Bay, located in northwest Mexico off the coast of Loreto Municipality in the state of Baja California Sur; the city of Loreto abuts park territory. The park covers an area of 206,580.75 hectares (510,472.2 acres), 88% of which is ocean surface; the islands, islets, and coastal regions that comprise the remaining 12% are mostly uninhabited.
Five main islands serve as the park's chief focal points and tourist destinations: Isla Coronados, Isla del Carmen, Isla Danzante, Isla Monserrat, and Isla Santa Catalina. Though the municipality of Loreto is not within park boundaries, it is the primary starting point for tours of the park and is considered a major influence on the area's ecology. The municipality had a population of 11,812 at the 2000 census.
# Vladimir Eshinov

Vladimir Nikolaevich Eshinov (Russian: Владимир Николаевич Ешинов, 18 February 1949 – 30 July 2024) was a Russian rower who competed for the Soviet Union in the 1972 Summer Olympics and in the 1976 Summer Olympics.

## Biography

Eshinov was born in Kirishi on 18 February 1949.
In 1972 he was a crew member of the Soviet boat which finished fifth in the coxed pair event.
Four years later he won the gold with the Soviet boat in the coxed fours competition.
Eshinov died on 30 July 2024, at the age of 75.
# Jostedalsbreen National Park

Jostedalsbreen National Park (Norwegian: Jostedalsbreen nasjonalpark) is a national park in Norway that encompasses the largest glacier on the European mainland, Jostedalsbreen. The park was established by royal decree on 25 October 1991, and then in 1998, it was enlarged to the northwest. The park now covers 1,310 square kilometres (510 sq mi), with the glaciers covering about 800 square kilometres (310 sq mi) of the park.

## Location

The park lies in the municipalities of Luster, Sogndal, Gloppen, Sunnfjord, and Stryn, all of which are in Vestland county. There are three museums and also visitors centers: the Breheimsenteret in Jostedalen, Jostedalsbreen nasjonalparksenter in Oppstryn (Stryn Municipality) and Norsk bremuseum in Fjærland (Sogndal Municipality).

## Topography

The highest peak in the park is Lodalskåpa at 2,083 metres (6,834 ft). The glacier's highest point, Brenibba, lies 2,018 metres (6,621 ft) above sea level while its lowest point is 350 metres (1,150 ft) above sea level. The glacier has shrunk in recent years, and there are ruins of farms that were overtaken by the glacier in 1750.

## Name

The park was named after the main glacier in it, Jostedalsbreen. The first element of that name is the name of the old municipality Jostedal, the last element is the finite form of the word bre which means "glacier".
# Suvorov, Tula Oblast

Suvorov (Russian: Суво́ров) is a town and the administrative center of Suvorovsky District in Tula Oblast, Russia, located 90 kilometers (56 mi) west of Tula, the administrative center of the oblast. Population: 18,973 (2010 Census); 21,213 (2002 Census); 21,885 (1989 Soviet census).

## History

The village of Suvorova (Суво́рова) has been known since the 15th–16th centuries. It was granted town status in 1954.

## Administrative and municipal status

Within the framework of administrative divisions, Suvorov serves as the administrative center of Suvorovsky District. As an administrative division, it is incorporated within Suvorovsky District as Suvorov Town Under District Jurisdiction. As a municipal division, Suvorov Town Under District Jurisdiction is incorporated within Suvorovsky Municipal District as Suvorov Urban Settlement.
# Beloved Fatherland Party

The Beloved Fatherland Party (Spanish: Partido Patria Querida, PPQ) is a political party in Paraguay.

## History

Established in 2001, the party first contested national elections in 2003, when it won 10 seats in the Chamber of Deputies and seven in the Senate, becoming the joint third-largest party. Its presidential candidate Pedro Fadul received 21.9% of the popular vote.
In the 2008 elections it was reduced to three seats in the Chamber and four in the Senate, whilst Fadul won 2.5% of the vote in the presidential election. In the elections five years later, the party's seat share was reduced to one seat in the Chamber and none in the Senate, while the party's presidential candidate Miguel Carrizosa received 1.1% of the vote in the presidential election. In the 2018 elections, the party secured three seats in both the Senate and the Chamber of Deputies.
# Meriam's Corner

Meriam's Corner is a historic American Revolutionary War site associated with the revolution's first battle, the 1775 battles of Lexington and Concord. It is located, on the former Battle Road, at the junction of today's Lexington Road and Old Bedford Road in Concord, Massachusetts, and is named for the Meriam family who lived there. The Nathan Meriam House still stands beside Old Bedford Road and forms part of Meriam's Corner itself. Both the house and Meriam's Corner are part of the Minute Man National Historic Park. Three of the Meriam family's homes stood here in 1775, the other two belonging to Josiah Meriam, brother of Nathan, and their nephew John.
In the early afternoon of April 19, 1775, it was the site of the first offensive between the British regulars, who were retreating from Concord to Boston, and the colonial militia. The regulars had made the outbound journey that morning, with the first defensive conflict of that journey having been in the dawn hours on Lexington Common.
A stone marking the nearby burial site of at least one of the two British soldiers killed during the skirmish stands on the western side of Old Bedford Road, near to the junction with Lexington Road.
Another stone marker, installed in 1885 in the wall at the apex of the corner, reads:

## Redcoats' retreat to Boston

Lieutenant Colonel Francis Smith, concerned about the safety of his men, sent flankers to follow a ridge and protect his forces from the roughly one thousand colonials now in the field as the British marched east out of Concord. This ridge ended near Meriam's Corner, a crossroads about a mile (2 km) outside the village of Concord, where the main road came to a narrow bridge across Elm Brook, a tributary of Mill Brook. To cross the bridge, the British had to pull the flankers back into the main column and close ranks to a mere three soldiers abreast. Colonial militia companies arriving from the north and east had converged at this point and presented a clear numerical advantage over the regulars. The British were now witnessing once again what General Thomas Gage had hoped to avoid by dispatching the expedition in secrecy and in the dark of night: the ability of the colonial militiamen to rise and converge by the thousands when British forces ventured out of Boston. As the last of the British column marched over the bridge, the British rear guard wheeled and fired a volley at the colonial militiamen, who had been firing irregularly and ineffectively from a distance but now had closed to within musket range. The colonists returned fire, this time with deadly effect. Two regulars were killed and perhaps six wounded, with no colonial casualties. Smith sent out his flanking troops again after crossing the small bridge.
# Criminal Code of Finland

The criminal code of Finland (Finnish: rikoslaki, Swedish: strafflag) is the codification of the central legal source concerning criminal law in Finland.

## History

The Criminal Code came into effect in 1894, and it has been modified numerous times since then.
# Castle of Matrera

Castle of Matrera (Spanish: Castillo de Matrera or Torre Matrera) is a medieval castle at Villamartín near Prado del Rey in Spain dating back to the 9th century. It was declared a national monument in 1949 and an example of Bien de Interés Cultural ("Heritage of Cultural Interest") in 1985. The structure underwent a controversial restoration in 2015.

## History

It was built in the ninth century by Omar ibn Hafsún to defend Iptuci, the most advanced city of the Cora de Ronda. However, Mount Pajarete was a place of human settlement since Antiquity.
In the 13th century, it was conquered by Ferdinand III, who rebuilt it. Nevertheless, at the beginning of the XIV century, it returned to Muslim hands before being definitively reconquered by Alfonso XI in 1341. However, being located in the middle of the Moorish Border, it was besieged by the Muslims of Granada in 1408 and in 1445.

## Renovation

By 2010, only a few walls of the castle remained standing, and the ruins were further damaged by rain in 2013. A restoration project was launched in 2010, led by the architect Carlos Quevado, and completed in 2015. Parts of the tower were rebuilt with lime plaster similar to samples found on the site, with large, plain blocks defining the original shape of the castle. Quevado described his aim as being not only to protect the ruin, but to "recover the volume, texture, and tonality that the tower would originally have had", and to differentiate new additions from the original structure.
The renovation received negative reactions from some locals, with Spain's cultural heritage organization Hispania nostra calling the project "absolutely terrible". It was praised by the architectural community, and was nominated for the 2016 Architizer A+ Award, in the Architecture Preservation category, winning the public choice vote. The Guardian described the design as neo-brutalist, and praised it for restoring "the clout its Moorish creators originally intended".

## Conservation

In 2013, a large part of the tower collapsed due to the scarce work of repairing the structural problems detected decades ago.
The subsequent work of preservation in 2016 with the authorization of the Junta de Andalucía was very controversial, receiving both criticism and a nomination to the New York A + Architizer awards, which ultimately ended up winning in the "Preservation" category.
# Suhi Dol (Surdulica)

Suhi Dol (Serbian: Сухи Дол; Bulgarian: Сухи дол, romanized: Suhi dol) is a village in the municipality of Surdulica, Serbia. According to the 2002 census, the village has a population of 69 people.
# Mansuriyeh-ye Seh

Mansuriyeh-ye Seh (Persian: منصوريه سه, also Romanized as Manşūrīyeh-ye Seh) is a village in Anaqcheh Rural District, in the Central District of Ahvaz County, Khuzestan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 222, in 40 families.
# Campsa (Macedonia)

Campsa or Kampsa (Ancient Greek: Κάμψα) was an ancient Greek polis (city-state) in the Chalcidice, ancient Macedonia. It is cited by Herodotus as one of the cities—together with Lipaxus, Combreia, Lisaea, Gigonus, Smila, Aeneia—located in the vicinity of the Thermaic Gulf, in a region called Crusis near the peninsula of Pallene where Xerxes recruited troops in his expedition of the year 480 BCE against Greece.
Other names borne by the city were Scapsa or Skapsa (Σκάψα), under which name it appears on Athenian tribute lists from 452/1 BCE, and Capsa or Kapsa (Κάψα). The city was a member of the Chalcidian League.
Its site is unlocated, but is sometimes considered to be near the silver mines 12 miles E-S-E of Thessaloniki.
# Galepsus

Galepsus or Galepsos (Ancient Greek: Γαληψός) may refer to:
* Galepsus (Chalcidice), a town of Chalcidice, ancient Macedonia
* Galepsus (Thrace), a town of ancient Thrace
# Hamidabad, Tehran

Hamidabad (Persian: حميداباد, also Romanized as Ḩamīdābād) is a village in Chaleh Tarkhan Rural District, Qaleh Now District, Ray County, Tehran Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 155, in 43 families.
# Seyf ol Din, Baft

Seyf ol Din (Persian: سيف الدين, also Romanized as Seyf ol Dīn and Seyf od Dīn; also known as Seyfed Dīn) is a village in Gughar Rural District, in the Central District of Baft County, Kerman Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 31, in 9 families.
# Marina Isan Berga

Marina Isan Berga (born 12 April 1994) is a Spanish professional racing cyclist, who most recently rode for UCI Women's Continental Team Massi–Tactic.
# Ibn al-Mundhir

Abu Bakr Muhammad ibn Ibrahim ibn al-Mundhir al-Naysaburi (Arabic: أبو بكر محمد بن إبراهيم بن المنذر بن الجارود النيسابوري) was a student of Shafi'i scholar al-Rabi' ibn Sulayman who was in turn a direct student of al-Shafi'i. He would later reach the level of ijtihad but with little exception ascribe to the legal opinions of al-Shafi'i.

## Footnotes

* ↑ before reaching the level of ijtihad
# Theonoe (daughter of Proteus)

In Greek mythology, Theonoe (Ancient Greek: Θεονόη, romanized: Theonóē, lit. 'she of god-like mind') is a character in Athenian playwright Euripides' play Helen. She is presented as the daughter of the Egyptian king, Proteus, and the Nereid Psamathe. She was the sister of Theoclymenus, the ‌current king of Egypt. Her name means "divine wisdom," coming from theós 'god' and nóos or noûs 'mind.' Theonoe's earlier name was Eido (Eidothea).

## Mythology

According to Euripides' telling, Paris only abducted a phantom of the title heroine from her husband, Menelaus, and the real Helen was taken to Egypt by the gods, where Theoclymenus attempted to marry her, but she would not consent. Theonoe didn't want her brother to marry Helen against the latter's will, and when Menelaus also ended up in Egypt, (after getting caught in a sea storm on his way home from Troy), she helped them escape together. Theoclymenus accused Theonoe of plotting against him and sentenced her to death, but the Dioscuri (brothers of Helen) intervened and saved her life. According to Conon, Theonoe fell in love with Canopus, the young and handsome pilot of Menelaus' ship; he, however, did not return her feelings.
# Éric Blanc

Éric Degbegni, better known as Éric Blanc (born October 13, 1965 in Cotonou, Benin), is a French Impressionist and comedian.
His father was a professional magistrate and his mother was a pediatric nurse. He lived in Cotonou until 1975, when his family move to Paris in exile after Général Kérékou's coup d'état. He discontinued his law courses for the stage. In 1986 he began his career with an engagement at the Caveau de la République, a venue for new humorists in Paris, performing imitations of President Valéry Giscard d'Estaing, the TV host Frédéric Mitterrand, and the French tennis player Yannick Noah. He has played on different TV shows as la Classe on France 3.
He has performed one-man shows in the Bataclan and the Bobino theatres in Paris.

## Filmography

* L'œil au beur(re) noir (1987)
* Black mic-mac 2 (1988)
* À gauche en sortant de l'ascenseur (1988)
* L'Invité surprise (1989)
* Thank You Satan (1989)
* L'un contre l'autre (1995)
* Que la lumière soit (1997)
* Retour à la vie (2000)