OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Siarhei Kavalenka

Siarhei Kavalenka (Belarusian: Сяргей Каваленка, born January 16, 1975) is a Belarusian political activist and member of the Conservative Christian Party sentenced for 2 years in prison after placing a white-red-white flag (i.e. the former Belarusian flag) on top of a Christmas tree in Vitsebsk in 2010.

## Flag placing in Vitsebsk

On January 7, 2010, Kavalenka climbed atop a Christmas tree in the centre of his native Vitsebsk and placed the historical Belarusian white-red-white banner on top of it. The white-red-white banner has been used by the Belarusian independence and pro-democracy movement since 1917 and was the official flag of Belarus in 1918 and from 1991 to 1995. It is now widely used as a symbol of the opposition to president Alexander Lukashenko.
The court gave Kavalenka three years of suspended sentence. The trial got wide coverage in independent Belarusian media. Human rights groups stated that the court's decision was politically motivated. Nasha Niva, a major independent newspaper, placed Siarhey Kavalenka among the most notable people of Belarus in 2010 as the Hero of the Year.

## Prison sentence

In late 2011 Kavalenka was again arrested and accused of violating the conditions of his suspended sentence. As a protest against the arrest, on 19 December 2010 he started a hunger strike. The hunger strike was interrupted by force-feeding on 16 January 2012.
On February 24 Kavalenka was sentenced to 25 months of prison by judge Elena Zhuk and prosecutor Dmitry Lutov.
After being released from prison in 2013, he moved to Poland.
# Barran Temple

The Barran Temple (Arabic: معبد بران) is a Sabaean temple near Marib, Yemen; also known as the "Throne of Bilqis", it dates back to the 10th century BCE and was dedicated to the god al-Maqah.
In 2023, along with other landmarks of the ancient Kingdom of Saba, the temple was added to the UNESCO World Heritage List.

## Background

The temple is located to the west of the Temple of Awwam, also dedicated to the god Almaqah. The main features of the structure are the six columns and the sacred well in the middle of the courtyard. Until the 1988 excavations only five columns were known to exist, when remains of another were discovered. The temple is considered to be the largest pre-Islamic temple in Yemen.
It was partly excavated by Wendell Phillips' expedition of 1951–1952. In addition to its religious functions the complex may have also served as a documentation center, as the inscriptions describing the events surrounding the Sabaean state were found on the walls.
# Gräfenroda

Gräfenroda is a village and a former municipality in the Ilm-Kreis district, in Thuringia, Germany. Since 1 January 2019, it has been part of the municipality of Geratal. It was the administrative seat of the former Verwaltungsgemeinschaft Oberes Geratal.

## Geography

The municipal area stretches along the valley of the Wilde Gera river and its Lütsche tributary, northeast of the Thuringian Forest mountain range and the Rennsteig ridge. The Lütsche Reservoir built in 1935-38 is located west of the settlement. The municipality has access to the Bundesautobahn 71 near the Rennsteig Tunnel at Gräfenroda junction, about 3 km (1.9 mi) to the southeast.
With a population of about 3200, Gräfenroda is the district's fourth-largest municipality, though without town privileges.

## History

Gräfenroda was first mentioned in a 1290 deed, located on an important trade route from Arnstadt to Suhl. From the early 14th century onwards, the local estates were held by the Thuringian noble house of Schwarzburg. From 1640 half of the estates were in possession of the Ernestine dukes of Saxe-Gotha, while the remaining Schwarzenburg parts from 1716 were ruled within the principality of Schwarzburg-Sondershausen. The local population was largely involved in agriculture and forestry, but also in copper, silver and lead mining, as well as in glass production.
While in the mid 19th century, numerous people emigrated from the remote area to the United States, the local economy developed in the course of the industrialisation. Gräfenroda station on the Neudietendorf–Ritschenhausen railway line was inaugurated by the Thuringian Railway Company in 1884, followed by a railway line to Gotha in 1892. In the 1870s, two local companies began the industrial production of garden gnomes (German: Gartenzwerge). After their first appearance at the 1898 Leipzig Trade Fair, these figurines became increasingly popular throughout Germany, with Gräfenroda as a centre of manufacturing. Today, a museum examines the history of garden gnomes.
From 1858 Gräfenroda was incorporated into the Ohrdruf district within the duchy of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha. It became part of the Free State of Thuringia in 1920.

## Politics

Seats in the municipal council (Gemeinderat) upon 2014 local elections:
* Christian Democratic Union of Germany (CDU): 7
* The Left: 4
* Social Democratic Party of Germany (SPD): 3
* Free Voters: 2

## Notable people

* Johann Peter Kellner (1705–1772), composer and organist
* Johann Christoph Kellner (1736–1803), composer and organist
* Hermann Brill (1895–1959), politician
# Henning Clausen

Henning Clausen (born 16 October 1939) is a Danish former sport shooter who competed in the 1972 Summer Olympics, in the 1976 Summer Olympics and in the 1980 Summer Olympics.
# Dhu Anash

Dhu Anash (Arabic: ذو عناش) is a sub-district located in Huth District, 'Amran Governorate, Yemen. Dhu Anash had a population of 2293 according to the 2004 census.
# The Corridor (1968 film)

The Corridor (Swedish: Korridoren) is a 1968 Swedish drama film directed by Jan Halldoff. It was entered into the 6th Moscow International Film Festival.

## Cast

* Per Ragnar as Dr. Jan Eriksson
* Agneta Ekmanner as Kerstin
* Ann Norstedt as Maria
* Åke Lindström as The Father
* Inga Landgré as The Mother
* Gunnar Biörck as Professor Gunnar Bjork
* Leif Liljeroth as Dr. Forslund
* Lars Amble as Stig
# Carlos Santibáñez

Carlos Alberto Santibáñez (born 30 August 1986 in San Isidro) is a former Argentine football midfielder.

## Career

Besides Argentina, Santibáñez played in Chile and Ecuador.
In Chile, he played for Santiago Morning in the top division and Cobreloa in the second level.
# Mikhaylovka, Sharansky District, Republic of Bashkortostan

Mikhaylovka (Russian: Михайловка) is a rural locality (a village) in Michurinsky Selsoviet, Sharansky District, Bashkortostan, Russia. The population was 138 as of 2010. There are 4 streets.

## Geography

Mikhaylovka is located 26 km northeast of Sharan (the district's administrative centre) by road. Novotroitsk is the nearest rural locality.
# Almenevsky District

Almenevsky District (Russian: Альменевский райо́н) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the twenty-four in Kurgan Oblast, Russia. It is located in the southwest of the oblast. The area of the district is 2,510 square kilometers (970 sq mi). Its administrative center is the rural locality (a selo) of Almenevo. Population: 12,412 (2010 Census); 15,240 (2002 Census); 18,983 (1989 Soviet census). The population of Almenevo accounts for 34.7% of the district's total population.
# Auguera

Auguera (or Augüera'l Coutu) is one of 54 parishes in Cangas del Narcea, a municipality within the province and autonomous community of Asturias, in northern Spain.
Its altitude is 888 m (2,913 ft) above sea level.

## Villages

* Auguera
* Cieḷḷa
* Ḷḷubeiru
* Los Chanos
* Penas
* Ratu
* Santiagu
# Peter Aagaard Jensen

Peter Aagaard Jensen (born 19 February 1956) is a Danish sports shooter. He competed in the mixed trap event at the 1988 Summer Olympics.
# Sphalmium

Sphalmium is a monotypic genus of flowering plants in the protea family. The only species, Sphalmium racemosum, is a large forest tree. Common names include satin silky oak, mystery oak, Mt Lewis oak, poorman's fishtail oak and buff silky oak.
The tree grows to 30 m (100 ft) or more. It is endemic to the upland rainforests of the wet tropics region of northeastern Queensland, Australia.

## History

Botanists Barbara Briggs, Bernie Hyland and Lawrie Johnson named the new genus, updated the description and named the new species combination in 1975. They based the new species combination name on Cyril T. White's 1939 description of Orites racemosa, now a synonym.
# Børge Larsen

Børge Larsen (15 February 1911 – 7 July 1979) was a Danish middle-distance runner. He competed in the men's 1500 metres at the 1936 Summer Olympics.
# South African cricket team in Australia in 1963–64

The South Africa national cricket team toured Australia in the 1963–64 season and played 5 Test matches against Australia. The series was drawn 1–1. After the series, the South Africans toured New Zealand, playing a three-Test series, where all three matches were drawn.

## South African team

* Trevor Goddard (captain)
* Peter van der Merwe (vice-captain)
* Eddie Barlow
* Colin Bland
* Peter Carlstein
* Buster Farrer
* Clive Halse
* Denis Lindsay
* Joe Partridge
* David Pithey
* Tony Pithey
* Graeme Pollock
* Peter Pollock
* Kelly Seymour
* John Waite
Of the 15 players, only Goddard (20 Tests), and Waite (41) had played more than six Tests. Seven players (van der Merwe, Halse, Lindsay, Partridge, David Pithey, Graeme Pollock and Seymour) had not yet played a Test; all made their Test debuts on the tour.
The manager was Ken Viljoen.

## Test series summary
### First Test

* 6–11 December 1963 (5–day match) Scorecard
* Match drawn Brisbane Cricket Ground, Woolloongabba, Brisbane Umpires: CJ Egar and LP Rowan
* Australia won the toss and elected to bat.
* 8 December was taken as a rest day.
* There was no play on the third day.
* TR Veivers and AN Connolly (both AUS), and RG Pollock, DT Lindsay, PL van der Merwe, DB Pithey, MA Seymour and JT Partridge (all SA) made their Test debuts.

### Second Test

* 1–6 January 1964 (5–day match) Scorecard
* Australia won by 8 wickets Melbourne Cricket Ground, Melbourne Umpires: CJ Egar and LP Rowan
* Australia won the toss and elected to field.
* 5 January was taken as a rest day.
* IR Redpath (AUS) made his Test debut.

### Third Test

* 10–15 January 1964 (5–day match) Scorecard
* Match drawn Sydney Cricket Ground, Sydney Umpires: CJ Egar and LP Rowan
* Australia won the toss and elected to bat.
* 12 January was taken as a rest day.
* CG Halse (SA) made his Test debut.

### Fourth Test

* 24–29 January 1964 (5–day match) Scorecard
* South Africa won by 10 wickets Adelaide Oval, Adelaide Umpires: CJ Egar and LP Rowan
* Australia won the toss and elected to bat.
* 26 January was taken as a rest day.

### Fifth Test

* 7–12 February 1964 (5–day match) Scorecard
* Match drawn Sydney Cricket Ground, Sydney Umpires: CJ Egar and LP Rowan
* South Africa won the toss and elected to field.
* 9 February was taken as a rest day.
# W. I. Lincoln Adams

Washington Irving Lincoln Adams (February 22, 1865- January 20, 1946) was an American Republican Party politician, banker and soldier.

## Biography

Washington I. L. Adams was a direct descendant of Henry Adams, who settled in Braintree, Massachusetts in 1636, and also of Presidents John Adams and John Quincy Adams.
He was a founder and President of the Montclair Trust Company, the Murray Hill Trust Company, and the West Side Bank of New York. He served as President of Styles & Cash, a New York City printing and stationery firm.
In 1912, Adams was the Republican nominee for the U.S. House of Representatives in New Jersey's 10th congressional district. The incumbent, Democrat Edward W. Townsend, had been elected to Congress in the 1910 Democratic landslide that helped Woodrow Wilson win election as Governor of New Jersey. Townsend was re-elected in 1912 (with Wilson running for President) with 10,854 votes, with former Assemblyman William F. Morgan (running as a Progressive with Theodore Roosevelt) receiving 7,847 votes. Adams (on a ticket with William Howard Taft finished third with 7,111 votes.
During World War I, Adams, at the age of 52, was commissioned a Major in the U.S. Army and was the Officer In Charge of Finance for the Eastern Division, Quartermaster Corps.
Adams was a member of the Electoral College in 1916, voting for Charles Evans Hughes, and was an unsuccessful candidate for Elector in 1932. In 1932, Adams was elected Town Commissioner in Montclair, New Jersey and served until 1936.
Adams was a member of the Sons of the American Revolution and served as its President General from 1922 until 1923.
# Bark scale

The Bark scale is a psychoacoustical scale proposed by Eberhard Zwicker in 1961. It is named after Heinrich Barkhausen, who proposed the first subjective measurements of loudness. One definition of the term is "a frequency scale on which equal distances correspond with perceptually equal distances. Above about 500 Hz this scale is more or less equal to a logarithmic frequency axis. Below 500 Hz the Bark scale becomes more and more linear."
The scale ranges from 1 to 24 and corresponds to the first 24 critical bands of hearing.
It is related to, but somewhat less popular than, the mel scale, a perceptual scale of pitches judged by listeners to be equal in distance from one another.

## Bark scale critical bands

| Number | Center frequency (Hz) | Cut-off frequency (Hz) | Bandwidth (Hz) |
| | | 20 | |
| 1 | 60 | 100 | 80 |
| 2 | 150 | 200 | 100 |
| 3 | 250 | 300 | 100 |
| 4 | 350 | 400 | 100 |
| 5 | 450 | 510 | 110 |
| 6 | 570 | 630 | 120 |
| 7 | 700 | 770 | 140 |
| 8 | 840 | 920 | 150 |
| 9 | 1000 | 1080 | 160 |
| 10 | 1170 | 1270 | 190 |
| 11 | 1370 | 1480 | 210 |
| 12 | 1600 | 1720 | 240 |
| 13 | 1850 | 2000 | 280 |
| 14 | 2150 | 2320 | 320 |
| 15 | 2500 | 2700 | 380 |
| 16 | 2900 | 3150 | 450 |
| 17 | 3400 | 3700 | 550 |
| 18 | 4000 | 4400 | 700 |
| 19 | 4800 | 5300 | 900 |
| 20 | 5800 | 6400 | 1100 |
| 21 | 7000 | 7700 | 1300 |
| 22 | 8500 | 9500 | 1800 |
| 23 | 10500 | 12000 | 2500 |
| 24 | 13500 | 15500 | 3500 |
Since the direct measurements of the critical bands are subject to error, the values in this table have been generously rounded.
In his letter "Subdivision of the Audible Frequency Range into Critical Bands", Zwicker states:
   "These bands have been directly measured in experiments on the threshold for complex sounds, on masking, on the perception of phase, and most often on the loudness of complex sounds. In all these phenomena, the critical band seems to play an important role. It must be pointed out that the measurements taken so far indicate that the critical bands have a certain width, but that their position on the frequency scale is not fixed; rather, the position can be changed continuously, perhaps by the ear itself."
Thus the important attribute of the Bark scale is the width of the critical band at any given frequency, not the exact values of the edges or centers of any band.

## Conversions

To convert a frequency f (Hz) into Bark use:
    ${\text{Bark}}=13\arctan(0.00076f)+3.5\arctan((f/7500)^{2})\,$
or (Traunmüller, 1990)
    ${\text{Bark}}=[(26.81f)/(1960+f)]-0.53\,$
or (Wang, Sekey & Gersho, 1992)
    ${\text{Bark}}=6\sinh ^{-1}(f/600)$
# Cathedral of Our Lady of Perpetual Succour (Prizren)

The Cathedral of Our Lady of Perpetual Succour also known as Precinct of the Lady Helper Church and Con-cathedral of the Lady Helper is a Roman Catholic cathedral in Prizren, Kosovo. It is the seat of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Prizren-Pristina.

## History

The Cathedral was commissioned by Italian Dario Bucciarelli, Archbishop of Skopje, in 1870 who had worked as a missionary in Albania for 9 years and had been secretary to the Archbishop of Shkodër. During that time, it was financed by citizens of Dubrovnik. However, the site was likely a graveyard church dating back to the 5th century, uncovered during excavations carried out between 2019 and 2021. These excavations also revealed the presence of the walls of a 12th-century church in the foundations of the current building.
The cathedral was not dedicated until October 31, 1970, one hundred years after its construction.

## Architecture

The cathedral is built on a basilic plan with three naves, in a neoclassical style. The primary construction material is brick, with decorative stone bands on the facade. Vertical columns, stairs and the balcony are made of wood. The primary interior material is marble, since a restoration in 1970.
# Malekabad, Kermanshah

Malekabad (Persian: ملك اباد, also Romanized as Malekābād) is a village in Parsinah Rural District, in the Central District of Sonqor County, Kermanshah Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 50, in 9 families.
# Mohammed Al-Mfarah

Mohammed Al-Mfarah, also known as Abu Mesamah (Arabic: محمد المفرح; May 20, 1945 – January 23, 2018) was a Saudi Arabian actor, writer, director and producer.

## Career

He started his career in 1964, after the opening of Saudi TV in 1965, He participated in several TV series. He worked at the ministry of health and submitted his resignation in 1975. He performed along actors Saad Khader and Mohammad Al-Ali.

## Some acting works
### Series

* Al-Saknat Fe Klobna (English: The inhabitants in our hearts)
* Secretary in the House with Saad Khader
* Ahtarq Al-Samah (English: Candle burning)
* Abo Samah Fe Fanaq Al-Samrine (English: Abu Samah in Al-Samaren Hotel)

### Plays

* Al-Mohsan (English: Enhanced) (2004)
* Bokor Wa kolampor (English: Incense and Kualalumpur)
# A Boyfriend for My Wife (2022 film)

A Boyfriend for My Wife (Spanish: Un novio para mi mujer) is a 2022 Spanish romantic comedy film directed by Laura Mañá, remaking the 2008 Argentine film of the same name. It stars Diego Martín, Belén Cuesta, and Hugo Silva.

## Plot

Diego wants to separate from his wife Lucía, but rather than facing the issue upfront, he hires a purportedly professional handsome devil (Cuervo Flores) to seduce Lucía, so Lucía be the one to bring their marriage to an end.

## Cast

* Diego Martín as Diego
* Belén Cuesta as Lucía
* Hugo Silva as Cuervo Flores
* Joaquín Reyes as Carlos
* Eric Masip [es]
* Andreu Castro
* Ángela Cervantes as Sara
* Roger Berruezo [es]

## Production

A remake of A Boyfriend for My Wife's original script by Pablo Solarz [es], the adapted screenplay was penned by Laura Mañá and Pol Cortecans. The film was produced by Arcadia Motion Pictures and Athos Pictures, and it had the participation of Amazon Prime Video, the funding from ICAA, and support from ICEC [ca]. It was shot in Barcelona in 2021.

## Release

Distributed by Universal Pictures International Spain, the film was theatrically released in Spain on 22 July 2022.

## Reception

Andrea G. Bermejo of Cinemanía rated the film 2½ out of 5 stars considering that the film loses its initial punch as it advances, otherwise highlighting Cuesta's "superb" performance as a disenchanted woman.
Blai Morell of Fotogramas rated the film 3 out of 5 stars, assessing that Mañá "takes everything that was good, which was not much", from Juan Taratuto's film, giving it a more sophisticated look, polishing dialogues and situations, and letting the lead trio shine.
Beatriz Martínez of El Periódico de Catalunya rated the film 2 out of 5 stars, considering that the cast (except Silva), including an "uninspiring" couple played by Cuesta and Martín, is largely interchangeable, although she conceded that "at least it does not insult the viewer's intelligence like other [comedies]", has some good gags and it runs without embarrassing jolts.
Carmen L. Lobo of La Razón rated the film 3 out of 5 stars, considering that Mañá managed to deliver a "funny comedy with really salacious situations thanks to its excellent cast".

## Accolades

| Year | Award | Category | Nominee(s) | Result | Ref. |
| 2023 | 2nd Carmen Awards | Best Actress | Belén Cuesta | Nominated | |
# Nasirshahr

Nasirshahr (Persian: نصيرشهر) is a city in the Central District of Robat Karim County, Tehran province, Iran.

## Demographics
### Population

At the time of the 2006 National Census, the city's population (as Nasirabad) was 23,802 in 5,764 households, when it was in Golestan District. The following census in 2011 counted 26,935 people in 7,121 households, by which time the city had been separated from the district to join the Central District. The 2016 census measured the population of the city as 28,644 people in 8,602 households, when the city had been renamed Nasirshahr.
# Bagh-e Khvajeh

Bagh-e Khvajeh (Persian: باغ خواجه, also Romanized as Bāgh-e Khvājeh; also known as Kalāt-e Bāgh-e Khvājeh, Deh Khvājeh, Khvājeh, and Khwāja) is a village in Doreh Rural District, in the Central District of Sarbisheh County, South Khorasan Province, Iran. According to the 2006 census, it had a population of 87, residing in 26 families.
# Naposhteh

Naposhteh (Persian: ناپشته, also Romanized as Nāposhteh; also known as Nefishta; in Armenian: Նէփէշթ) is a village in Misheh Pareh Rural District, in the Central District of Kaleybar County, East Azerbaijan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 45, in 11 families.
# Kazakh-British Technical University

Kazakh-British Technical University (KBTU) is a public university located in Almaty, Kazakhstan. It was founded in 2001. KBTU’s research is focused in the main sectors of the Kazakhstani economy – oil and gas, information technologies, banking and finance, management and telecommunications.

## History

The idea of creating Kazakh-British Technical University was conceived by the former President of the Republic of Kazakhstan, Nursultan Nazarbayev. Further discussions on the establishment of the University were held during President Nazarbayev’s official visit to the United Kingdom in November 2000. A Memorandum of Understanding was signed between the officials of the two countries on enhancing cooperation in education, science and technology fields.
The Kazakh-British Technical University JSC was established by the Government of the Republic of Kazakhstan on August 3, 2001 under Decree No. 1027.
Since 2003, NC KazMunay Gas JSC has been the sole shareholder of KBTU JSC (Resolution of the Government of the Republic of Kazakhstan No. 987 dated September 26, 2003). However, in 2018, a Public Foundation “Education Fund of Nursultan Nazarbayev” purchased shares of the Kazakh-British Technical University. The privatization took place following the Government of Kazakhstan’s Privatization Program that was approved by a Government’s order No. 1141 on December 30, 2015.
Since 2005, KBTU is awarding double undergraduate degrees in partnership with the University of London. Under the program students receive London School of Economics and Political Science and KBTU degrees while studying at the KBTU in Almaty.
In 2010 and 2011, KBTU received 100 percent shares of two historical and prestigious scientific institutions of Kazakhstan, ‘A.B. Bekturov Institute of Chemical Sciences’ that was founded in 1945 and ‘D.V. Sokolsky Institute of Fuel, Catalysis and Electrochemistry’, which was established in 1969.
In 2018, within the framework of the privatization program, the block of shares of the Kazakh-British Technical University was purchased by the Public Fund Nursultan Nazarbayev Education Fund, in accordance with the Decree of the Government of the Republic of Kazakhstan No. 1141 dated 12/30/2015.

## International links

Dual-degree diploma programs with:
* London School of Economics, UK
* Geneva Business School, Switzerland
* University of Northampton, UK
* IFP Energies Nouvelles, French Institute of Petroleum, France
Student exchange programs with:
* University Campus Suffolk, UK
* University of Northampton, UK
* Soongsil University, South Korea
* Sejong University, South Korea
* Asia Pacific University of Technology and Innovation, Malaysia
* Technological University of Malaysia
* Universiti Sains Malaysia
International Partners:
* In 2009 KBTU was awarded the “Affiliate Center” status by the University of London
* In 2011 KBTU became an official affiliate University with the Center for Strategy and Competitiveness at Harvard Business School
* Partnerships with more than 30 universities worldwide