OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Greater Poland Cavalry Brigade

Greater Poland Cavalry Brigade (Polish: Wielkopolska Brygada Kawalerii) was a cavalry unit of the Polish Army in the interbellum period. It was created on April 1, 1937 out of the Cavalry Brigade "Poznań". Its headquarters were stationed in Poznań and the brigade consisted of these units:
* 16th Greater Poland Uhlan Regiment
* 15th Poznań Uhlans Regiment, stationed in Poznań,
* 17th Greater Poland Uhlan Regiment of King Bolesław Chrobry, stationed in Leszno
* 7th Greater Poland Mounted Rifles Regiment, stationed in Biedrusko,
* 7th Greater Poland Mounted Artillery Regiment, stationed in Poznań,
* 3rd Squadron of Pioneers, stationed in Poznań,
* 7th Squadron of Communications, stationed in Poznań.

## Polish September Campaign

The Brigade, under General Roman Abraham, was part of the Poznań Army. On the first day of the Polish September Campaign, its forces counterattacked the Wehrmacht in the area of Leszno and Rawicz, together with the 25th Infantry Division. On September 2, 1939, parts of the Brigade broke into German territory, attacking Fraustadt and destroying a column of German vehicles. In the following days, the Brigade, together with the whole Poznań Army, withdrew eastwards from Greater Poland. On September 8, 1939, the cavalrymen covered the eastern wing of the Army during the outbreak of the Battle of the Bzura.$^{:66}$ In the night of September 9–10, 1939, the Brigade attacked the enemy, with initial successes of the 17th Regiment of Greater Poland Uhlans and the 15th Regiment of Poznań Uhlans. However, soon afterwards German defense stiffened and the Brigade halted.
On September 11, together with the 11th Infantry Division, the Brigade attacked Głowno, facing German 24th I.D. under General Friedrich Olbricht. As Polish momentum weakened, on September 13 the Brigade was ordered to withdraw across the Bzura near Brochow, continuously fighting the German 4th Mountain Division of General Georg-Hans Reinhardt. Skirmishes lasted until September 16, when the Brigade retreated into the Kampinos Forest. There, together with the Pomeranian Cavalry Brigade and Podolska Cavalry Brigade, it created the Joint Cavalry Brigade of General Abraham. On September 18, the unit fought off attack of German 29th Motorised Division of General Joachim Lemelsen. Two days later it broke into besieged Warsaw, where it capitulated on September 28, 1939.
# Selivanovo, Sakha Republic

Selivanovo (Russian: Селиваново) is a rural locality (a selo) under the administrative jurisdiction of the Town of Olyokminsk in Olyokminsky District of the Sakha Republic, Russia, located 7 kilometers (4.3 mi) from Olyokminsk. Its population as of the 2002 Census was 630.
# Karimabad, Qom

Karimabad (Persian: كريم اباد, also Romanized as Karīmābād) is a village in Jafarabad Rural District, Jafarabad District, Qom County, Qom Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 97, among 21 families.
# Lucius Lucceius

Lucius Lucceius was a Roman orator and historian, friend and correspondent of Cicero. A man of considerable wealth and literary tastes, he may be compared with Atticus. In 60 BC, Lucius attempted to run for Consul on a joint ticket with Gaius Julius Caesar, and was generally seen as the financier of the campaign and an olive branch to both Cicero and the Optimates, expected to ride in on Caesar's coattails. However, he failed to be elected Consul, with Bibulus, an Optimate, getting the second place spot and becoming Caesar's Co-Consul instead of Lucius. Disgusted at his failure to become consul in 59 BC, he retired from public life, and devoted himself to writing a history of the Social and Civil Wars. This was nearly completed, when Cicero earnestly requested him to write a separate history of his (Cicero's) consulship. Cicero thought that a panegyric by Lucceius, who had taken considerable interest in the affairs of that critical period, would have great weight in his campaign to rehabilitate himself after the exile stemming from his consulship. Cicero offered to supply the material, and hinted that Lucceius need not sacrifice laudation to accuracy. Lucceius almost promised, but did not perform. Subsequently, Cicero had to sing his own praises in both Greek and Latin, but nothing remains of any such work or of his history. In the civil war Lucceius took the side of Pompey; but, having been pardoned by Caesar, returned to Rome, where he lived in retirement until his death.
# Mette Ove-Petersen

Mette Ove-Petersen (15 January 1934 – 17 February 2007) was a Danish swimmer who won a silver medal at the 1950 European Aquatics Championships in the 4 × 100 m freestyle relay. She finished fourth in the same event at the 1952 Summer Olympics; individually, she was eliminated in the preliminaries of the 100 m and 400 m freestyle. Ove-Petersen died on 17 February 2007, at the age of 73.
# Centrifugal pendulum absorber

A centrifugal pendulum absorber is a type of tuned mass damper. It reduces the amplitude of a torsional vibration in drive trains that use a combustion engine.

## History

The centrifugal pendulum absorber was first patented in 1937 by R. Sarazin and a different version by R. Chilton in 1938. Generally, both Sarazin and Chilton are credited with the invention. Sarazin's work was used during World War II by Pratt & Whitney for aircraft engines with increased power output. The power increase caused an increase in torsional vibrations which threatened the durability. This resulted in the Pratt & Whitney R-2800 engine that used pendulum weights attached to the crank shaft.
The use of centrifugal pendulum absorbers in land vehicles did not start until later. Although internal combustion engines had always caused torsional vibrations in the drive train, the vibration amplitude was generally not high enough to affect durability or driver comfort. One application existed in tuned racing engines where torsional crank shaft vibrations could cause damage to the cam shaft or valves. In this application a centrifugal pendulum absorber is directly attached to the crank shaft.
In 2010, centrifugal pendulum absorbers following the patents of Sarazin and Chilton were introduced in a BMW 320D. The reason for it was again the increase in torsional vibrations from higher power engines. In this case, the 4-cylinder diesel engine BMW N47. Unlike the previous designs, the centrifugal pendulum absorber was not attached to the combustion engine but attached to a dual mass flywheel.

## Function

The function of a centrifugal pendulum absorber is as with any tuned mass absorbers based on an absorption principle rather than a damping principle. The distinction is significant since dampers reduce the vibration amplitude by converting the vibration energy into heat. Absorbers store the energy and return it to the vibration system at the appropriate time. Centrifugal pendulum absorbers like tuned mass absorbers are not part of the force/torque flow.
The centrifugal pendulum absorber differs from the tuned mass absorber in the absorption range. It is effective for an entire order instead of a narrow frequency range.

## Modern Applications

Internal combustion engines follow a development trend towards a reduction in the number of cylinders, increased energy output per cylinder and driving at lower engine speeds. This leads to an increased engine efficiency but causes the engine's torsional vibrations to increase. The vibrations lead to durability concerns as well as a comfort reduction for the passengers and have to be avoided through the use of harmonic dampers and absorbers. This situation moves the balance between the cost of the centrifugal pendulum absorber technology and the benefit for the drive train efficiency. The following cars use centrifugal pendulum absorbers
* BMW 320D
* Mercedes E250 Diesel
* Chevrolet Colorado Diesel
* GM Products Equipped with the 2.7L L3B Engine
* Chevrolet Corvette (C8)
# Abd al-Rahman IV

Abd al-Rahman ibn Muhammad ibn Abd al-Malik (Arabic: عبد الرحمن بن محمد بن عبد الملك, romanized: ʿAbd al-Raḥmān ibn Muḥammad ibn ʿAbd al-Malik), commonly known as Abd al-Rahman IV, was the Caliph of Córdoba in the Umayyad dynasty in Al-Andalus, succeeding Sulayman ibn al-Hakam, in 1018. That same year, he was murdered at Cadiz while fleeing from a battle in which he had been deserted by the very supporters which had brought him into power. His brief reign was similar to that of Abd al-Rahman V
# Scania Freight Corridor

The Scania Freight Corridor (Swedish: Godsstråket genom Skåne) is a 78-kilometer (48 mi) long railway line between Arlöv and Ängelholm in Sweden.
It is an amalgamation of the Lomma Line between Arlöv and Kävlinge, and the Söderås Line between Teckomatorp and Åstorp. The Continental line to the port of Trelleborg is sometimes also regarded as a part of the Corridor, although retaining its separate name officially.

## History

Originally the section from Arlöv to Ängelholm consisted of two private railways, from Arlöv to Billesholm, which opened in 1888, and from Billeshollm to Ängelholm, which opened in 1876. Both were nationalized in 1896 along with many other railways to establish the West Coast Line. The section from Arlöv to Ängelhom was part of the West Coast Line until 2001, when a new line was opened between Ängelholm and Lund.
The Scania Freight Corridor was electrified in 1933 and 1934. Regional passenger transport was terminated in 1975 from Ängelholm to Teckomatorp, and in 1983 from Malmö to Arlöv and Kävlinge. The section from Kävlinge to Teckomatorp remains as a passenger train section and is used by the Skåne commuter rail.
It was named the Scania Freight Corridor around 1990 when the tunnel under Helsingborg was built, making almost all passenger trains along the west coast use that tunnel, leaving freight trains use the Freight Corridor, especially after the new fast railway Helsingborg–Kävlinge was opened 2001.
But between 2001 and 2015 the Freight Corridor was not used much, because of the bottleneck of the steep and curvy single-track West Coast Line north of Ängelholm over the Hallandsås. Therefore, most freight trains today used the Markaryd Line, a large detour which also congests the Southern Main Line further east. A tunnel, the Hallandsås tunnel, was built to solve this situation and opened 2015, around 20 years later than was assumed at construction start.
After 2015 most freight trains along the West coast use the corridor, but there has also been an increase in number of passenger trains.
# Warsaw Fortress

Warsaw Fortress (Polish: Twierdza Warszawa, Russian: Варшавская крепость) was a system of fortifications built in Warsaw, Poland during the 19th century when the city was part of the Russian Empire. The fortress belonged to a chain of fortresses built in Congress Poland and the region adjacent to it during this period. It was built in stages, with the first part, known as Warsaw Citadel, built the years 1832-1834, in the immediate aftermath of the November Uprising of 1830. This initial fortification was then continually improved by the addition of further forts in its vicinity, with the work finally completed in 1874. In 1879 the government of the Russian Empire decided to carry out a major expansion of the fortress, which would incorporate a system of large forts surrounding the whole city. 20 forts forming this new system were constructed between 1883 and 1890. There were plans to combine the Warsaw fortress with the nearby Modlin Fortress by building a chain of connecting forts, but this work was carried out only partially. The rapid progress in the power of siege artillery required the forts to be continually strengthened. In the final period of its existence the fortress consisted of 29 forts and major works, including the older forts of the original Citadel, which were reinforced by numerous smaller fieldworks.
As a result of the defeat in the war with Japan in 1904-1905, the Russian Empire carried out a major rethinking of its military strategy. As part of this reevaluation and the resulting changes in strategic deployments, it was decided that maintaining the Warsaw Fortress was no longer cost-effective. In 1909 the decision was made to abolish the fortress. Work started out to demolish its works but it proceeded slowly. In 1913, with the worsening international situation immediately before the outbreak of the First World War, the decision was reversed, and hasty work started to return the fortress to combat readiness. These defenses were never put to the test, as Warsaw was evacuated by the Russian army without a fight in August, 1915, during its general retreat that summer.
After Poland regained its independence in 1918 the dismantling of some fortifications resumed, others were taken over by the Polish Army and used as storage sites or barracks, though over the years these were gradually abandoned. Some forts were briefly prepared for defense during the Battle of Warsaw in 1920, others saw heavy fighting during the siege of the city in September, 1939 though their defensive strength was vastly reduced due to advances in military technology. Today many of the forts are still in existence, but some were built over and no trace of them remains. At present the city lacks a unified concept for their use, though their historical value is recognized. They are mostly not maintained and hence not open to the public for sightseeing. Only the Citadel and some of its adjacent forts are well maintained and open to tourists.
* Barracks in fort P Bema
* Model of Warsaw citadel
* Fort II Wawrzyszew in 1939
* Map showing forts of Warsaw and Modlin fortress, with connecting works (some never built)
# Siskan

Siskan (Persian: سيسكان, also Romanized as Siskān and Sīsgān; also known as Sīgān) is a village in Kahshang Rural District, in the Central District of Birjand County, South Khorasan Province, Iran. At the 2016 census, its population was 142, in 48 families.
# Chloropentafluoroethane

Chloropentafluoroethane is a chlorofluorocarbon (CFC) once used as a refrigerant and also known as R-115 and CFC-115. Its production and consumption has been banned since 1 January 1996 under the Montreal Protocol because of its high ozone depletion potential and very long lifetime when released into the environment. CFC-115 is also a potent greenhouse gas.

## Atmospheric properties

The atmospheric abundance of CFC-115 rose from 8.4 parts per trillion (ppt) in year 2010 to 8.7 ppt in 2020 based on analysis of air samples gathered from sites around the world.
| Property | Value |
| Ozone depletion potential (ODP) | 0.44 (CCl$_3$F = 1) |
| Global warming potential (GWP: 100-year) | 5,860 - 7,670 (CO$_2$ = 1) |
| Atmospheric lifetime | 1,020 - 1,700 years |
# The Shrike (play)

The Shrike is a play written by American dramatist Joseph Kramm. The play won the 1952 Pulitzer Prize for Drama.

## Plot

The play, set in the mental ward of a city hospital, revolves around a theatrical director named Jim Downs, who has been driven to the verge of insanity and suicide by his estranged wife Ann.
To outsiders, Ann seems to epitomize sweetness, kindness and graciousness. In reality, she is a bitter, manipulative shrew. Like the shrike, a small predatory bird that kills and impales its prey, Ann seems harmless but her coercion of Jim incapacitates his free will and traps him under her control.
Ann married Jim in hopes that he eventually would gain wealth and stardom, and so his lack of success galls her. Her mockery and nagging led Jim to a suicide attempt when he swallowed a bottle of sleeping pills. The play opens with Jim's being admitted to the hospital, where doctors manage to save his life. Upon waking, Jim discovers that he is legally trapped in the hospital because the psychiatrists deem him a threat to himself and others and are unwilling to release him.
Ann regularly visits Jim at the hospital, supposedly to provide comfort and love, but really to continue her hectoring and manipulation of him. She is able to charm the doctors, who usually accede to her wishes and follow her advice as to what is best for Jim.
Jim comes to realize that the only way to secure his freedom is by cooperating with Ann, who has exploited the situation to regain power over her husband. In the end, Jim is released into Ann's care, thus moving from one type of prison to another.

## Original production

It was Kramm's ninth play but his first professionally produced one.
José Ferrer was attached to the project in June 1950. It was going to be produced by Jed Harris, then Aldirch and Myers, and Ferrer decided to produce it.
The Shrike premiered on Broadway at the Cort Theater on January 15, 1952 and closed on May 31, 1952 after 161 performances. José Ferrer was the producer, director and star (as Jim Downs). The cast featured Judith Evelyn (Ann Downs), Somer Alberg (Dr. Schlesinger), James Hawthorne Bay (Perkins), and Mary Bell (Miss Wingate). Ferrer could only make a limited engagement because he was needed for Moulin Rouge.
The New York Times called it "a plausible melodrama that is likely to scare the living daylights out of you."

### Awards

Kramm received the 1952 Pulitzer Prize for Drama.
José Ferrer won the 1952 Tony Award, Actor in a Play and Direction.

### Revivals

The play was revived on Broadway at New York City Center, running from November 25, 1953 to December 6, 1953. Ferrer and Kramm directed, and Ferrer and Judith Evelyn starred.
Van Heflin toured in the play.
In a 1955 production starring Dane Clark, actress Isabel Bonner, who was married to the author, died during a performance on stage of a brain hemorrhage.

## Film adaptation

The play was adapted for a 1955 film starring José Ferrer and June Allyson.
# Country club (disambiguation)

Country club is a private club that offers a variety of recreational sports facilities.
Country club may also refer to:

## Geography
### United States

* Country Club, Bronx, New York, a neighborhood in New York City
* Country Club, California, a census-designated place in San Joaquin County
* Country Club, Denver, Colorado, a neighborhood of Denver
* Country Club, Florida, a census-designated place
* Country Club, Missouri
* Country Club, San Juan, Puerto Rico
* Country Club Historic District (disambiguation), various NRHP-listed places

## Arts, entertainment, and media
### Literature

* The Country Club (play), Off-Broadway play

### Music

* Country Club (album), an album by Travis Tritt
** "Country Club" (song), a 1989 song by Travis Tritt
* "Country Club", a 1909 ragtime two-step composition by Scott Joplin

### Television

* Country Club, working title for the Disney animated television series Big City Greens
* Country Club (TV series), a 1958 Canadian variety show

## Brands and enterprises

* Country Club, a malt liquor first produced in the early 1950s by the M.K. Goetz Brewing Company
* Country Club Plaza, a shopping district in the American city of Kansas City

## Sports venues

* Country Club, Harare, a cricket ground based in Harare, formerly known as the Interfin High Performance Academy
* Reseda Country Club, a former sports and entertainment venue in Reseda, California
* The Country Club, in Brookline, Massachusetts; a major golf course
* The Country Club Johannesburg, a 36-hole golf complex in Johannesburg, Gauteng, South Africa

## Other uses

* Country club Republican, a label given to upper-class, moderate Republican Party members
# Tang-e Kabud

Tang-e Kabud (Persian: تنگ کبود, also Romanized as Tang-e Kabūd) is a village in Tarhan-e Gharbi Rural District, Tarhan District, Kuhdasht County, Lorestan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 630, in 124 families.
# Mamalyha

Mamalyha (Ukrainian: Мамалига; Romanian: Mămăliga) is a village in Dnistrovskyi Raion, Chernivtsi Oblast, Ukraine. It hosts the administration of Mamalyha rural hromada, one of the hromadas of Ukraine.
Until 18 July 2020, Mamalyha belonged to Novoselytsia Raion. The raion was abolished in July 2020 as part of the administrative reform of Ukraine, which reduced the number of raions of Chernivtsi Oblast to three. The area of Novoselytsia Raion was split between Chernivtsi Raion and Dnistrovskyi Raions, with Mamalyha being transferred to Dnistrovskyi Raion. In 2001, 88.14% of the inhabitants spoke Romanian as their native language, with Ukrainian (8.81%) and Russian (2.97%) speakers in the minority.
Mamalyha is a border crossing point to Criva, Moldova.
# Lake Alajuela

Lake Alajuela (Spanish: Lago Alajuela) is an artificial lake in the Chagres River basin. The lake is bounded by the Madden Dam and linked to the Panama Canal. Lake Alajuela serves as a reservoir for the canal, which lies to the lake's southwest. It was created in 1935 by damming up the Madden River. The Chagres, Pequení, Boquerón, Salamanca, La Puente, Indio, Piedras, San Cristóbal and Escandaloso rivers flow into the lake. The rivers of Lake Alajuela contribute 45 percent of the total water for the canal. As of 1987, it provided all of the drinking water for Panama City.
The reservoir was formerly known as Madden Lake when the Canal Zone was under U.S. administration and was renamed after control of the canal was handed over to Panama.
In early December 2010, Lake Alajuela reached its highest recorded water level, prompting authorities to close the Panama Canal for 17 hours. The canal reopened on December 9.
In late August 2023, the lake was reported to be at its lowest levels in recent years, limiting Panama Canal traffic.
# Baraftab, Pol-e Dokhtar

Baraftab (Persian: برافتاب, also Romanized as Barāftāb) is a village in Afrineh Rural District, Mamulan District, Pol-e Dokhtar County, Lorestan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 62, in 16 families.