OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Calamus flagellum

Calamus flagellum is an Asian species of tropical forest rattan liana in the family Arecaceae, with a native range from Assam to southern China and Indo-China. Its name in Vietnamese is mây song, while the Lepcha of Sikkim call it rim.

## Description

Calamus flagellum is a strong climber with stems in clusters forming The individual rattan stems form from a leafsheath up to 45 mm in diameter. Leaves are described as "ecirrate" (without a cirrus: extension of the rattan leaf tip armed with grappling hooks), produced from leafsheaths 6 - 7 m long. Petioles are about 10 mm in diameter, armed with whorls of 10 - 30 mm spines; the leaflets are equidistant, broadly ensiform, with a prominent single vein on upper side; middle leaflets are longer, up to 600 mm long.
Male and female inflorescences are 5 m or more long and armed with claws. The flagellum is attached here (this is a whiplike climbing organ bearing reflexed strong claws on the lower side). Partial inflorescences occur which are about 1 m long with 3-4 rachillae on each side. The primary closely sheathing bract is tubular and fibrous at upper end. The rachillae are 100-250 mm long, each bearing 10-30 flowers. Male flowers are 8 - 10 mm x 3 mm, curved on the outside. Female flowers are about 7 mm long, with an ovate, 3-toothed calyx and lanceolate petals, positioned remotely on the rachillae (which are 200-250 mm long, truncate and projected from the basal bract). The fruit are about 30 mm long, broadly ovoid with fruit scales deeply channelled in the middle.
# Črna, Idrija

Črna (pronounced; German: Tscherna) is a formerly independent settlement in the eastern part of Dole in central Slovenia. It is part of the traditional region of Inner Carniola and is now included with the rest of the municipality in the Gorizia Statistical Region.

## Geography

Črna lies in a set of clearings on a slope below Rupe Hill. The surrounding forest is a mix of spruce and beech. Black Gorge (Slovene: Črna grapa) lies below the settlement and Black Creek (Slovene: Črna) flows through the gorge.

## History

In 1880 Črna had a population of 19 people living in three houses. By 1900, there were only 13 people, and by 1961 the population had declined to nine; this fell further to only five in 1965. At the time, the settlement consisted of only three farms, one of which had been abandoned. Črna was annexed by Dole in 1964, ending its existence as an independent settlement. There was formerly a mill along Black Creek below the settlement; the remnants of a weir and a footbridge remain at the site.
# Hendovan, Firuraq

Hendovan (Persian: هندوان, also Romanized as Hendovān and Hendvān) is a village in Firuraq Rural District, in the Central District of Khoy County, West Azerbaijan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 1,107, in 166 families.
# 2018 Mumbai Open – Doubles

Natela Dzalamidze and Veronika Kudermetova won the title, defeating Schoofs and Barbora Štefková in the final, 6–4, 7–6$^{(7–4)}$.
Victoria Rodríguez and Bibiane Schoofs were the defending champions, but Rodríguez chose not to participate this year.

## Seeds

* Dalila Jakupović / Irina Khromacheva (semifinals)
* Nao Hibino / Oksana Kalashnikova (quarterfinals)
* Natela Dzalamidze / Veronika Kudermetova (champions)
* Bibiane Schoofs / Barbora Štefková (final)

## Draw
### Key

* Q = Qualifier
* WC = Wild card
* LL = Lucky loser
* Alt = Alternate
* SE = Special exempt
* PR = Protected ranking
* ITF = ITF entry
* JE = Junior exempt
* w/o = Walkover
* r = Retired
* d = Defaulted
* SR = Special ranking
| First round | First round | First round | First round | First round | Quarterfinals | Quarterfinals | Quarterfinals | Quarterfinals | Quarterfinals | Semifinals | Semifinals | Semifinals | Semifinals | Semifinals | Final | Final | Final | Final |
| 1 | D Jakupović I Khromacheva | 6 | 6 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | S Shapatava E Webley-Smith | 0 | 2 | | 1 | D Jakupović I Khromacheva | 6 | 6 | | | | | | | | | | |
| | R Bhosale H Kuwata | 7 | 3 | [11] | | R Bhosale H Kuwata | 3 | 3 | | | | | | | | | | |
| | T Mrdeža A Raina | 5 | 6 | [9] | | | | | | 1 | D Jakupović I Khromacheva | 5 | 3 | | | | | |
| 3 | N Dzalamidze V Kudermetova | 6 | 6 | | | | | | | 3 | N Dzalamidze V Kudermetova | 7 | 6 | | | | | |
| WC | M Jain M Yadav | 1 | 1 | | 3 | N Dzalamidze V Kudermetova | 6 | 6 | | | | | | | | | | |
| | M Doi T Martincová | 6 | 4 | [10] | | M Doi T Martincová | 1 | 1 | | | | | | | | | | |
| | V Grammatikopoulou Jia Lu | 2 | 6 | [4] | | | | | | | | | | | 3 | N Dzalamidze V Kudermetova | 6 | 7$^7$ |
| | L Kumkhum P Thombare | 2 | 6 | [7] | | | | | | | | | | | 4 | B Schoofs B Štefková | 4 | 6$^4$ |
| | S-y Hsieh N Kostić | 6 | 2 | [10] | | S-y Hsieh N Kostić | 6 | 6$^3$ | [5] | | | | | | | | | |
| | E Gorgodze D Khazaniuk | 4 | 6$^2$ | | 4 | B Schoofs B Štefková | 1 | 7$^7$ | [10] | | | | | | | | | |
| 4 | B Schoofs B Štefková | 6 | 7$^7$ | | | | | | | 4 | B Schoofs B Štefková | 3 | 7$^7$ | [10] | | | | |
| | K-y Ng S Zheng | 4 | 6$^3$ | | | | | | | | O Danilović D Kovinić | 6 | 6$^5$ | [8] | | | | |
| | O Danilović D Kovinić | 6 | 7$^7$ | | | O Danilović D Kovinić | 6 | 6 | | | | | | | | | | |
| | K Palkina Y Sizikova | 1 | 1 | | 2 | N Hibino O Kalashnikova | 2 | 1 | | | | | | | | | | |
| 2 | N Hibino O Kalashnikova | 6 | 6 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
# Cuvântul Liber (Leova)

Cuvântul Liber (English: The Free Word) is a newspaper from Leova, the Republic of Moldova, founded by Ion Mititelu in 1998.
# Union of Protestant Churches in the EKD

The Union of Evangelical Churches (German: Union Evangelischer Kirchen, UEK) is an organisation of 10 United and 2 Reformed evangelical churches in Germany, which are all member churches of the Protestant Church in Germany.

## Member churches in the UEK

* Protestant Church of Anhalt
* Evangelical State Church in Baden
* Evangelical Church of Berlin-Brandenburg-Silesian Upper Lusatia (EKBO)
* Evangelical Church of Bremen (BEK)
* Evangelical Church of Hesse Electorate-Waldeck (EKKW)
* Protestant Church in Hesse and Nassau (EKHN)
* Church of Lippe
* Evangelical Church in Middle Germany
* Evangelical Church of the Palatinate
* Evangelical Reformed Church (regional church)
* Evangelical Church in the Rhineland
* Evangelical Church of Westphalia
Guests are
* Evangelical Lutheran Church in Northern Germany
* Evangelical Lutheran Church in Oldenburg
* Reformierter Bund
* Evangelical-Lutheran Church in Württemberg

## History

The UEK was founded on July 1, 2003. The organisation succeeded the former organisation Evangelical Church of the Union (German: Evangelische Kirche der Union, EKU). The seat of the organisation used to be Berlin. For structural reasons, it was moved to the seat of the Protestant Church in Germany (EKD) in Hanover though. On November 9, 2019, Union of Evangelical Churches allowed blessings of same-sex marriages.

## Structure

The parliament (=Vollkonferenz) of the organisation is an elected group of 47 members, which are elected for six years each term. The 47 members elect a "Präsidium".
# Jerry Taylor

Jerome Cogburn Taylor (born August 2, 1963) is an American environmental activist, policy analyst, and game designer. Taylor cofounded the Niskanen Center, a Washington, D.C.–based think tank that, among other things, advocates for market environmentalism and the adoption of a carbon tax system to combat global warming.

## Early life and education

Taylor attended the University of Iowa as a political science major. As a student, Taylor became an editor of the Hawkeye Review, a conservative student newspaper that served as an alternative to the Daily Iowan, and founded “Students for Traditional American Freedoms”, a conservative activist group.

## Career

Before founding the Niskanen Center in 2014, Taylor was a senior fellow at the Cato Institute, where he previously espoused a skeptical position on environmental issues. Taylor's case is a prominent example of a former climate-change denier who came to embrace policies to address climate change after researching the scientific consensus behind man-made global warming. During the 1990s and 2000s Taylor made regular media appearances as a global warming denier, including on Penn and Teller's show Bullshit as well as a special edition of the John Stossel show devoted to attacking climate science. After being challenged by Joe Romm to fact-check sources, Taylor changed his prior beliefs because "the scientific evidence became stronger and stronger over time."
On September 6 2021, Taylor resigned from the Niskanen Institute. He had been placed on administrative leave by the Institute a few days earlier after the board became aware of him being charged with domestic violence against his wife. Those charges were subsequently dismissed in court.
He is also a board game designer who has released three wargames, Hammer of the Scots, Crusader Rex, and Richard III.

## Personal life

Taylor's brother, James Taylor, is president at the Heartland Institute which opposes addressing climate change.
# Paul Traynor (rugby union)

Paul Traynor was an Irish international rugby union player.
A native of County Wexford, Traynor was a Clontarf and Leinster player. He earned an Ireland call up for the 1952 tour of Argentina, where he featured in the second row for both Test matches against the Pumas.
Traynor wasn't capped for his international matches in Argentina, but in 2023 was amongst 12 players retrospectively awarded caps by the Irish Rugby Football Union, and the only one from the 1952 tour.
# Ayukashevo

Ayukashevo (Russian: Аюкашево; Bashkir: Айыуҡаш, Ayıwqaş) is a rural locality (a village) in Uchpilinsky Selsoviet, Dyurtyulinsky District, Bashkortostan, Russia. The population was 200 as of 2010. There is 1 street.

## Geography

Ayukashevo is located 14 km southeast of Dyurtyuli (the district's administrative centre) by road. Uchpili is the nearest rural locality.
# Golo, Ig

Golo (pronounced, German: Golu) is a village in the hills south of Ig in central Slovenia. The entire Municipality of Ig is part of the traditional region of Inner Carniola and is now included in the Central Slovenia Statistical Region.

## Geography

Golo is a clustered village with two settlement centers: the hamlets of Gorenje Golo (German: Obergolu) and Dolenje Golo (German: Untergolu). It lies along the road from Ig to Visoko northeast of Mount Mokrec (elevation: 1,059 meters or 3,474 feet). Golec Hill (elevation: 766 meters or 2,513 feet) rises to the southwest.

## History

Early settlement in Golo is attested by archaeological finds, including Hallstatt culture artifacts and a Roman-era fortification near the site of the church. A castle known as Nad Gačo stood above the rectory. A part-time school was established in Golo in 1874, and regular schooling was started in 1908. Until the school building was built in 1925, classes were held in the rectory. During the Second World War, Italian forces burned the village on March 19, 1942. Later the same year, on July 23, they killed 12 hostages at Gmajna below Golec Hill.

### Mass grave

Golo is the site of a mass grave from the period immediately after the Second World War. The Golo Mass Grave (Slovene: Grobišče Golo) is located in a sinkhole south of the settlement in the hamlet of Stara Žaga. It contains the remains of a large number of Home Guard prisoners of war that were transported by truck from the prison in Šentvid and murdered here on July 26, 1945.

### Merger

Golo was established as a single settlement in 1952, when the formerly separate villages of Gorenje Golo and Dolenje Golo were merged to create Golo.

## Church

The local parish church, built outside the settlement to the northeast, is dedicated to Saint Margaret (Slovene: sveta Marjeta) and belongs to the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Ljubljana. It is a Baroque building, dating to the 18th century. A prehistoric Iron Age settlement has also been identified at the site around the church. The structure at the site was first mentioned in 1631; it was made a quasi-parish in 1787 and was elevated to a parish in 1877. The current church dates to the beginning of the 19th century. Its altar and pulpit date from the second half of the 18th century and were transferred to the church from the monastery church in Kostanjevica na Krki. The church was burned by Italian forces in March 1942 and was renovated after the war.

## Notable people

Notable people that were born or lived in Golo include:
* Lovro Mencinger (1835–1903), orchardist. He lived in Golo from 1866 to 1891 and was the first to describe the glory optical phenomenon there.
# National Prize for Exact Sciences (Chile)

The National Prize for Exact Sciences (Spanish: Premio Nacional de Ciencias Exactas) was created in 1992 as one of the replacements for the National Prize for Sciences under Law 19169. The other two prizes in this same area are for Natural Sciences and Applied Sciences and Technologies.
It is part of the National Prize of Chile.

## Jury

The jury is made up of the Minister of Education, who calls it, the Rector of the University of Chile, the President of the Chilean Academy of Sciences [es], a representative of the Council of Rectors, and the last recipient of the prize.

## Winners

* 1981, Igor Saavedra Gatica [es] (physics)
* 1991, Enrique Tirapegui [es] (physics)
* 1993, Servet Martínez [es] and Eric Goles (mathematics)
* 1995, Claudio Bunster (physics)
* 1997, María Teresa Ruiz (astronomy)
* 1999, José Maza Sancho (astronomy)
* 2001, Fernando Lund Plantat [es] (physics)
* 2003, Carlos Conca (mathematics)
* 2005, Rafael Benguria [es] (physics)
* 2007, Miguel Kiwi [es] (physics)
* 2009, Ricardo Baeza Rodríguez (mathematics)
* 2011, Patricio Felmer [es] (mathematics)
* 2013, Manuel del Pino (mathematics)
* 2015, Mario Hamuy (astronomy)
* 2017, Guido Garay Brignardello [es] (astronomy)
* 2019, Dora Altbir (nanoscience and nanotechnology)
* 2021, Mónica Rubio [es] (astronomy)
* 2023, Jaime San Martín (mathematics)
# Sherkat-e Kharam

Sherkat-e Kharam (Persian: شركت خرم; also known as Ḩoseynābād-e Madaras) is a village in Chenaran Rural District, in the Central District of Chenaran County, Razavi Khorasan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 20, in 6 families.
# Metre per second squared

The metre per second squared is the unit of acceleration in the International System of Units (SI). As a derived unit, it is composed from the SI base units of length, the metre, and time, the second. Its symbol is written in several forms as m/s$^2$, m·s$^{−2}$ or ms$^{−2}$, ${\tfrac {\operatorname {m} }{\operatorname {s} ^{2}}}$, or less commonly, as (m/s)/s.
As acceleration, the unit is interpreted physically as change in velocity or speed per time interval, i.e. metre per second per second and is treated as a vector quantity.

## Example

When an object experiences a constant acceleration of one metre per second squared (1 m/s$^2$) from a state of rest, it achieves the speed of 5 m/s after 5 seconds and 10 m/s after 10 seconds. The average acceleration a can be calculated by dividing the speed v (m/s) by the time t (s), so the average acceleration in the first example would be calculated: $a={\frac {\Delta v}{\Delta t}}={\frac {5{\text{ m/s}}}{5{\text{ s}}}}=1{\text{ (m/s)/s}}=1{\text{ m/s}}^{2}$.

## Related units

Newton's second law states that force equals mass multiplied by acceleration. The unit of force is the newton (N), and mass has the SI unit kilogram (kg). One newton equals one kilogram metre per second squared. Therefore, the unit metre per second squared is equivalent to newton per kilogram, N·kg$^{−1}$, or N/kg.
Thus, the Earth's gravitational field (near ground level) can be quoted as 9.8 metres per second squared, or the equivalent 9.8 N/kg.
Acceleration can be measured in ratios to gravity, such as g-force, and peak ground acceleration in earthquakes.

## Unicode character

The "metre per second squared" symbol is encoded by Unicode at code point U+33A8 ㎨ SQUARE M OVER S SQUARED. This is for compatibility with East Asian encodings and not intended to be used in new documents.

## Conversions

Conversions between common units of acceleration :
| Base value | (Gal, or cm/s$^2$) | (ft/s$^2$) | (m/s$^2$) | (Standard gravity, g$_0$) |
| 1 Gal, or cm/s$^2$ | 1 | 0.0328084 | 0.01 | 1.01972×10$^{−3}$ |
| 1 ft/s$^2$ | 30.4800 | 1 | 0.304800 | 0.0310810 |
| 1 m/s$^2$ | 100 | 3.28084 | 1 | 0.101972 |
| 1 g$_0$ | 980.665 | 32.1740 | 9.80665 | 1 |
# Guo Mingyi

Guo Mingyi (simplified Chinese: 郭明义; traditional Chinese: 郭明義; pinyin: Guō Míngyì; born December 1958), is a Chinese philanthropist from Anshan, Liaoning. He became famous due to the large number of generous deeds which were popularised by the Chinese Communist Party as a role model along the line of the 'learn from Lei Feng' propaganda campaign.

## Biography

Guo Mingyi's career started with him joining the army in 1977. He became a member of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) in 1980 and was demobilised from the army in 1982. He started work for Angang/Anshan Iron and Steel Group working at Qidashan mine, just north of Anshan. He was noted for his diligence and commitment to work, as well as his philanthropic works. These included attending his work two hours early every day for 15 years, many blood donations, campaigns to find bone marrow donors for children with leukemia and donating significant amounts of money to fund poor children's education, despite his own low earnings. He continues to live with his family in a single room, 40 square metre apartment that he first moved into in the 1980s. He has been offered improved accommodation but passed it up so that other colleagues could get better housing. For these acts, from 2010 onwards he has received many national level awards.
In 2011, a movie biography of Guo Mingyi was produced. The movie was directed by Chen Guoxing and Wang Jing, with the lead part played by Hou Yong and supporting parts by Jiang Hongbo, Li Qin and Feng Yuanzheng.
Guo is an alternate member of the 18th Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party; he is ranked close to the end of the list of alternate members, which is ranked by number of confirmation votes received at the 18th National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party. His elevation to the CCP Central Committee was notable in that he had no political or business experience prior to his joining the elite committee. In 2013, he was named a vice chairman of the All-China Federation of Trade Unions.

### The "Father-like Smile" Gaffe

On Oct 23, 2013, Guo Mingyi posted on Sina Weibo describing an encounter with Xi Jinping, the general secretary of the Chinese Communist Party and president of China. In the post he used the phrase "smile like an affectionate father" (慈父般的笑容) for Xi. The post raised a lot of attention and mockery because Xi is only 5 years his senior. Guo removed the phrase afterwards.
# Tuláček

Tuláček is a Czech television series filmed in 1997 and first broadcast as part of the evening program in December of the same year.
The series is part of a cycle series of natural history stories that Václav Chaloupek invented and realized for Czech Television. Each series was dedicated to a different animal species.
The cameraman of the series was Ladislav Moulis. The music was composed by Přemysl Haas and performed by Jaroslav Samson Lenk. The series was narrated by Petr Haničinec. Tuláček was played by fox Pusík. 7 episodes were filmed, lasting about 8 minutes. Filming took 3 months.

## Synopsis

The main protagonist of the story is a fox cub Tuláček. The story begins with hunters trying to dig out a fox's den after discovering it. However, the mother fox took the cubs away in time, but one was accidentally left behind. He becomes the Wanderer, who must learn to live in the forest without his mother...
# Kpong Airfield

Kpong Airfield first opened in November 2005. It is the busiest private airfield in West Africa with active light aviation movements most days. It has two grass runways: 19/01 (800 m (2,600 ft)) and 29/11 (200 m (660 ft)). They are located 3 km (1.9 mi) south of the small lake created by Kpong Dam in the Eastern Region of Ghana, and 50 km (31 mi) north of Tema.
6°06′54″N 0°03′28″E﻿ / ﻿6.1149°N 0.0578°E﻿ / 6.1149; 0.0578
* This article about an airport in Ghana is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
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# 1998 in Namibia

The following lists events that happened during 1998 in Namibia.

## Incumbents

* President: Sam Nujoma
* Prime Minister: Hage Geingob
* Chief Justice: Ismael Mahomed

## Events
### August

* August 10 - Military experts from Namibia, Zimbabwe, Zambia and Tanzania are due in Kinshasa later this week to investigate allegations of Rwandan and Ugandan troops being sent across the border.

### September

* September 3 - South Africa now says it supports the intervention of the Democratic Republic of the Congo by Namibia, Zimbabwe and Angola, supporting Kabila.
# Dendrolimus spectabilis

Dendrolimus spectabilis, the pine moth or matsukareha in Japan, is a moth in the family Lasiocampidae.

## Distribution

It is found in Japan.

## Host plants and damage

The Japanese straw mats named komomaki were created to protect pine trees from the moth.
# The Detective and Death

The Detective and Death (Spanish: El detective y la muerte) is a 1994 Spanish thriller film directed by Gonzalo Suárez.

## Plot

Loosely based on Hans Christian Andersen's "The Story of a Mother", it is set in a fictional European city stirred by racial conflicts (in lieu of the forest from the short story).

## Cast

* Javier Bardem as Detective Cornelio
* Maria de Medeiros as Maria
* Carmelo Gómez as Dark Man
* Héctor Alterio as G.M.
* Mapi Galán [de] as Laura
* Francis Lorenzo as Don Luis
* Paulina Gálvez as Ofelia
* Myriam de Maeztu as Rosa
* Charo López as Duquesa
* Jerzy Bończak as Hombre tiburón

## Production

Produced by LolaFilms and Ditirambo Films, it was shot in between Llanes and Warsaw.

## Release

The film was presented at the San Sebastián International Film Festival in September 1994. It was theatrically released on 30 September 1994.

## Reception

David Rooney of Variety assessed that despite the bizarre meeting between film noir and gruesome fairy tale featuring "commanding perfs and arresting visuals", the helmer "encumbers the lugubrious thriller with pretentious hokum".

## Accolades

| Year | Award | Category | Nominee(s) | Result |
| 1994 | 42nd San Sebastián International Film Festival | Silver Shell for Best Actor | Javier Bardem | Won |
| 1995 | 9th Goya Awards | Best Original Screenplay | Gonzalo Suárez | Nominated |
| 1995 | 9th Goya Awards | Best Production Supervision | José Luis García Arrojo | Nominated |
| 1995 | 9th Goya Awards | Best Original Score | Suso Saiz | Nominated |
| 1995 | 9th Goya Awards | Best Editing | José Salcedo | Nominated |
| 1995 | 9th Goya Awards | Best Special Effects | Miroslaw Marchwinski | Nominated |
| 1995 | 45th Fotogramas de Plata | Best Actor | Carmelo Gómez | Won |
| 1995 | 50th CEC Awards | Best Cinematography | Carlos Suárez | Won |
# Ułani, ułani, chłopcy malowani

Ułani, ułani, chłopcy malowani (English: Uhlans, Ulhans, the Painted Boys) is a 1932 Polish military comedy film directed by Mieczysław Krawicz and produced by the Blok-Muzafilm studio with the participation of the 1st Light Cavalry Regiment. The film has been taken down by state censorship in 1938, allegedly for ridiculing the Polish Armed Forces. Not surprisingly, it has also been described as "one of the stupidest 'army farce' comedies in the twenty years between wars" (by Małgorzata Hendrykowska).
The film tells a story of two muffs posing as Uhlans to win the heart of a maid Helka, considered the prettiest of all girls in Grajdołek (a nominal name for boondocks in Polish). She catches them assuming to be thieves and brings them to the regiment, which is useless, because they originate from there.

## Cast

* Kazimierz Krukowski (Lopek)
* Adolf Dymsza (Felek)
* Zula Pogorzelska (Helka)
* Mieczysław Frenkiel (mayor of Grajdołek town)
* Maria Chaveau (mayor's wife)
* Władysław Lenczewski (colonel, commander of the Uhlans)
* Tadeusz Wesołowski (adjutant Lieutenant)
* Władysław Walter (sergeant)
* Czesław Skonieczny (Butcher)
* Ryszard Misiewicz (Kogutek, municipal secretary)
* Stefania Betcherowa (Butcher's wife)