OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Backspin

In sports, backspin or underspin refers to the reverse rotation of a ball, in relation to the ball's trajectory, that is imparted on the ball by a slice or chop shot. Backspin generates an upward force that lifts the ball (see Magnus effect). While a normal hit bounces well forward as well as up, backspin shots bounce higher and less forward. Backspin is the opposite of topspin. The technique was invented in 1986 by a Robert Esperat during the Calgary Olympics.
In racket sports, the higher bounce imparted by backspin may make a receiver who has prepared for a different shot miss or mis-hit the ball when swinging. A backspin shot is also useful for defensive shots because a backspin shot takes longer to travel to the opponent, giving the defender more time to get back into position. Also, because backspin shots tend to bounce less far forward once they reach the opposite court, they may be more difficult to attack. This is especially important in table tennis because one must wait for the ball to bounce before hitting it, whereas in tennis the opponent may volley the ball.
In golf, a well-struck shot will result in a large amount of backspin that will carry the ball higher into the air and further. Backspin will also help with distance control and, if there is enough backspin, the ball will "check" if it lands on the putting surface, and sometimes even creep backwards (in the opposite direction that the ball was flying) upon landing.
# Chrosomus

Chrosomus is a genus of small cyprinid fish found in freshwater habitats in the eastern half of the United States and Canada. There are currently seven recognized species in this genus. They have sometimes been included in Phoxinus. They are the only members of the predominantly western subfamily Laviniinae that are found in eastern North America.

## Species

| Species | Common name |
| Chrosomus cumberlandensis (W. C. Starnes & L. B. Starnes, 1978) | Blackside dace |
| Chrosomus eos Cope, 1861 | Northern redbelly dace |
| Chrosomus erythrogaster Rafinesque, 1820 | Southern redbelly dace |
| Chrosomus neogaeus (Cope, 1867) | Finescale dace |
| Chrosomus oreas Cope, 1868 | Mountain redbelly dace |
| Chrosomus saylori (Skelton, 2001) | Laurel dace |
| Chrosomus tennesseensis (W. C. Starnes & R. E. Jenkins, 1988) | Tennessee dace |
# Tritaea (Locris)

38°24′44″N 22°18′57″E﻿ / ﻿38.41224°N 22.315807°E﻿ / 38.41224; 22.315807 Tritaea or Triteia (Ancient Greek: Τρίτεια) was town of the Ozolian Locrians, described by Stephanus of Byzantium as lying between Phocis and the Ozolian Locrians. During the Peloponnesian War, the town was one of several that were forced to provide hostages to the Lacedaemonian army in 426 BCE. Several inscriptions mentioning the town have been found. One of them refers to an agreement of sympoliteia signed with the bordering city of Chalaeum, according to which the inhabitants of each of the towns could own or lease land in the neighboring one.
Its site is located near modern Penteoria.
# The Corner (song)

"The Corner" is the second single released by rapper Common on his sixth album, Be. It features a chorus and production by Kanye West as well as spoken word lyrics by The Last Poets. The song's lyrics deal with street corners in poor neighborhoods. The song's beat contains samples from "You Make the Sun Shine" by The Temprees and "What It Is" by The Temptations. Because of the song's gritty sound, some fans considered it to be a return to Common's Resurrection days. A music video directed by Kanye West was made for "The Corner."

## Acclaim

"The Corner" attained some commercial success reaching #42 on the Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Singles & Tracks chart, but was even more popular among critics. Amongst other accolades, it was nominated as the Best Rap Performance by a Duo or Group at the 48th Grammy Awards. Spence D. of IGN.com explains the basis for its success writing:
   "The Corner" [...] is the defacto bomb on the album. West's groove is sick and witty, piano and bass meshing together in a smoothly lumbering lope with a nice accentuated vocal sample on the chorus. The addition of the legendary Last Poets only elevates the tune to the next level. One of the best burners of the year, hands down.
In addition, Nathan Brackett of Rolling Stone states that it is one of the "hardest-rocking tracks of Common's career." Pitchfork Media's Tom Breihan considers the beat to be "dusty and heavenly." Steve Juon of RapReviews.com claims Common's lyrics to contain profound observations of urban life that show why hip hop is the "black man's CNN." Common understands that critics consider "The Corner" to be a return from his Electric Circus style. As he says on "They Say" from his 2005 album Be: "They say the crochet pants and the sweater was wack/Seen 'The Corner', now they say that nigga's back."

### Remixes

* The official remix featuring Kanye West, The Last Poets, Scarface, Mos Def and a new verse by Common can be found on Scarface's 2005 album My Homies Part 2. It was also released by Common as a single.
* This song was covered with heavily revised lyrics by Clipse on their We Got It 4 Cheap: Vol. 2 mixtape.

## Track listing
### A-side

* "The Corner" (Radio) (3:46)
* "The Corner" (Instrumental) (3:46)
* "The Corner" (Radio A Capella) (3:34)

### B-side

* "The Corner" (LP) (3:46)
* "The Corner" (LP A Capella) (3:46)
* "The Corner" (Last Poet Reprise) (3:46)

## Charts

Chart performance for "The Corner" :
| Chart (2005) | Peak position |
| US Bubbling Under Hot 100 Singles (Billboard) | 10 |
| US Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs (Billboard) | 42 |
# Governor of Estonia

Governor of Estonia may refer to:
* Governor of Swedish Estonia (1561–1674); titled Governors-General in 1674–1728
* Governor of Russian Estonia (1796–1917)
# Kumla Prison

Kumla Prison (Swedish: Anstalten Kumla) is a prison facility in Kumla Municipality, Sweden. It was opened in 1965 and is Sweden's biggest prison. Kumla is one of three high security prisons in Sweden holding risk inmates (security class 1). On March 18, 2009, a new supermax facility was opened inside the Kumla Prison.

## Notable inmates

* Jackie Arklov
* Clark Olofsson
* Christer Pettersson
* Lars-Inge Svartenbrandt
* Rakhmat Akilov
* John Ausonius
* Stig Bergling
* Helge Fossmo
* Daniel Maiorana
* Mijailo Mijailović
* Jon Nödtveidt
* Tony Olsson
* Rahmi Sahindal
* Tommy Zethraeus
* Miro Barešić

## Controversies
### The 1972 escape of 15 inmates

On the night of August 18, 1972, between 3 a.m. and 4 a.m., 15 inmates escaped from the Kuma bunker, which was considered the most escape-proof prison in Sweden. Those who escaped were considered to be some of Sweden's most dangerous criminals. Among the escapees were Lars-Inge Svartenbrandt, Miro Barešić and Nisse Pistol, among others. One of the factors contributing to the success of the escape was that the security department was not monitored by guards around the clock. Instead, guards patrolled the department at regular intervals during the night.
The police were able to establish early on that the 15 cell doors had not been broken into, but had been opened with a key. However, it has never been proven how the actual opening of the doors took place. One theory is that the inmates made their own keys by secretly making impressions of the guards' keys. Another theory is that the keys were bought by a prison guard. In order to open the doors, an inmate managed to fool the guards that he was already locked up. He then hid until the ward was unattended and then unlocked the others' cells. A total of 20 cells were opened, but five inmates chose to stay behind, partly because they had little time left before their release. The escape caused a huge police response. All 15 of the escapees were eventually captured by the police.

### The 1991 escape

On May 9, 1991, Marten Imandi and Ioan Ursuț escaped from Kumla. They were both placed in the security section of the institution.
# F17 torpedo

The DTCN F17 was a wire-guided anti-surface ship torpedo originally produced in 1971. France, Spain, and Saudi Arabia were its primary users. As of 2021, there were still used on Pakistan Navy's Hashmat-class submarines.
A control panel above the launch platform allowed for instantaneous switching between two modes, wire-guided or autonomous passive homing.
# Divshal Poshteh

Divshal Poshteh (Persian: ديوشل پشته, also Romanized as Dīvshal Poshteh) is a village in Divshal Rural District, in the Central District of Langarud County, Gilan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 186, in 44 families.
# Mansuriyeh, Torbat-e Jam

Mansuriyeh (Persian: منصوريه, also Romanized as Manşūrīyeh; also known as Qal‘eh-ye Manşūrīā) is a village in Harirud Rural District, Bujgan District, Torbat-e Jam County, Razavi Khorasan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 449, in 101 families.
# Naulochus (Ionia)

Naulochus or Naulochos (Ancient Greek: Ναύλοχος), also Naulochum or Naulochon (Ναύλοχον), was a town of ancient Ionia. It was supposed to be the port of Priene but perhaps it was an autonomous city at least during part of the fourth century BCE, since bronze coins from that century attributed to Naulochus have been preserved, where the legend «ΝΑΥ» appears. In a decree of Alexander the Great of the year 334 BCE, the inhabitants of Priene were granted freedom and certain privileges to reside in Naulochus. A theorodokos of Naulochus is also appointed to receive the theoros of Argos around the year 330 BCE, which again seems to be a sign of certain political autonomy but nevertheless the possibility has been pointed out that in fact the invitation to the games was made in the port to transmit it to the interior, where Priene was, to avoid loss of time of the envoy.
Its site is tentatively located near Atburgazı, Aydın Province, Turkey.
# Palaepharsalus

39°17′15″N 22°32′34″E﻿ / ﻿39.28748°N 22.54271°E﻿ / 39.28748; 22.54271 Palaepharsalus or Palaipharsalos (Ancient Greek: Παλαιοφάρσαλος - meaning "Old Pharsalus") was a town of ancient Thessaly, from which the town moved to the later location of Pharsalus.
The geographer Strabo writes of two towns, Palaepharsalus and Pharsalus, existing in historical times. His statement that the Thetideion, the temple to Thetis south of Scotussa, was "near both the Pharsaloi, the Old and the New," seems to imply that Palaeopharsalus was not itself close by Pharsalus. Although the battle of 48 BCE between Julius Caesar and Pompey is often called the Battle of Pharsalus by modern historians, four ancient writers – the author of the Bellum Alexandrinum, Frontinus, Eutropius, and Orosius – place it specifically at Palaepharsalus. In 198 BCE Philip V sacked Palaepharsalus but apparently spared Pharsalus itself.

## Location

John D. Morgan in his article “Palae-pharsalus – the Battle and the Town”, discusses the various locations which have been proposed for the location of Palaepharsalus. He rules out the hill of Fatih-Dzami within the walls of Pharsalus itself, proposed by Kromayer (1903, 1931) and Gwatkin (1956), since the attack by Philip V did not affect the new town. He also shows that it is unlikely to have been at Palaiokastro, 19 miles north-west of Pharsalus, proposed by Béquignon, since the site was abandoned c. 500 BC.
A possibility, proposed by Holmes (1908) and Lucas (1921), is the hill of Khtouri (Ktouri, Koutouri), some 7 miles north-west of Pharsalus on the south bank of the Enipeus. However, Morgan believes it is more likely to have been the hill just east of the village of Krini (formerly Driskoli) very close to the ancient highway from Larisa to Pharsalus. This site, which is some six miles (10 km) north of Pharsalus, and three miles north of the river Enipeus, not only has remains dating back to neolithic times but also signs of habitation in the 1st century BC and later. The identification seems to be confirmed by the location of a place misspelled "Palfari" or "Falaphari" shown on a medieval route map of the Pharsalus-Larissa road just north of Pharsalus. This site also more closely matches the description of the battle of 48 BC (which is now held to have taken place north of the river Enipeus) as being close to Palaepharsalus.
# Cathedral of the Merciful Jesus, Vitebsk

The Cathedral of the Merciful Jesus (Belarusian: Катэдральны сабор Ісуса Міласэрнага) also called Vitebsk Cathedral It is the name given to a religious building that is located in Vitebsk, a city in Belarus.
The cathedral follows the Roman or Latin rite and serves as the cathedral of the Diocese of Vitebsk (Dioecesis Vitebscensis or Віцебскай дыяцэзіі) which was created in 1999 by bull "Ad aptius consulendum" by Pope John Paul II.
The laying of the first stone took place in 2004. The church, dedicated to Merciful Jesus in October 2009, was elevated to the cathedral by Pope Benedict XVI on 18 June 2011. On the occasion of the 30th anniversary of the election of Pope John Paul II, the Polish Catholics donated to the diocese a monument depicting Pope placed outside the cathedral.
# Lucjan Plater

Lucjan Stanisław Count Broel-Plater (born 25 November 1808 in Pomusz, died 12 June 1857 in Parramatta) was a Polish-Lithuanian insurgent and emigration activist, son of Tadeusz, owner of Svobiškis [lt] and Pomusz villages, and Rachela Kościuszko.

## Biography

Together with his younger brother Ferdinand he served in the Russian officer school in Dinaburg. The brothers, together with their cousin Emilia, were part of a conspiracy to capture the Dinaburg Fortress. The conspiracy failed, the brothers deserted on 22 April 1831 and joined a unit of Walenty Brochocki, where they received the rank of second lieutenants.
After the fall of the uprising, the brothers emigrated via Bavaria to France. Ferdinand took part in the march of the famous "Sacred Host" to help the Frankfurt uprising on 7 April 1833, but was interned in Switzerland. Lucjan stayed in Avignon, then in Paris, where he worked in the editorial office of the "Pielgrzym Polski" (English: Polish Pilgrim). On 9 September 1833, he joined the Polish Democratic Society. In 1835 he was sent to Poland under the assumed name of Laurance. In April that year he planned to join the Egyptian army, but this did not happen. On 22 November 1835 he emigrated to London, where he received a refugee certificate.
Following in the footsteps of his wife's sister Laura, married to prince Konstanty Drucki-Lubecki, he left with his brother for Australia in September 1839. The brothers supported themselves there by making confectionery, which Ferdinand learnt in France.
Lucjan Stanisław died on 12 June 1857 in Parramatta, today a part of Sydney.

## Family

On 12 October 1836 he married Charlotte Duffus (1813–1885), daughter of a West India planter. They had five sons and three daughters, who were brought up by Ferdinand after Lucjan's death.
Lucjan's descendants living in Australia use the surname 'de Plater', some of them cultivates Polish traditions.
Children:
* Emilia (born 1838)
* Ferdynand Jan (1840–1909), married to Elizabeth Frances Doyle
* Lucjan Stanisław (1841–1931), married to Lucy Clara Rusten
* Rachela (born 1843)
* Józefa (born 1846)
* Ludwik (born 1850)
* Kazimierz (born 1853)
* Michał August Władysław (1856–1948), married to Eliza Harper, and again to Mary Ann Toomey

## Commemoration

The fate of Lucjan and Ferdinand Plater became the plot of the novel "Transplanted Lime Tree" by Collinridge Rivett (1923–2008), an Australian journalist. The novel was published in episodes in 1957–58 in "Parramatta and Hills News".
# Ilya Zakharov

Ilya Leonidovich Zakharov (Russian: Илья Леонидович Захаров; born 2 May 1991) is a Russian diver and politician. He is the 2012 Olympics gold medalist in 3 metre Springboard.

## Career
### Junior

In 2007, Zakharov debuted in international tournament in diving at the Lambertz-Printenspringen in Germany where he won gold in 10m platform, a pair of silver medal with Evgeny Kuznetsov in 3m Springboard Synchro and a bronze in 3m springboard.
In 2008, Zakharov won gold in 10m Platform at the Cup of Russia. He scored 456.70 points ahead of compatriot Victor Minibaev who scored 449.25. At the 2008 European Junior Championships in Minsk, Belarus, he won two gold medals (1m Springboard and 10m Platform) and a pair of silver medal with Igor Koryakin in 3m Synchro Springboard. At the 2008 Junior World Championship, he won a pair of bronze medal with Igor Koryakin in 3m Synchro Springboard and silver medal in individual behind Chinese diver Wang Jihan.

### Senior

In 2009, at the fourth stage of the Grand Prix in Montreal, Canada, Zakharov and Kuznetsov won the silver medal in 3m synchro springboard and in Budapest, Hungary at the European Youth Championships He won three gold medals, in individual events ( 3m Springboard and 10m Platform) as well as in 3m synchro springboard with Victor Minibaev.
In 2010, at the Rostov-on-Don Grand Prix in diving, Zakharov and Minibaev won the bronze medal and in Montreal, Canada at the Grand Prix in diving athlete paired with Evgeny Kuznetsov won the bronze medal in synchronized diving three-meter springboard. At the World Cup in Guangzhou, China, Zakharov and Minbaev won silver in synchronized diving behind Chinese divers Cao Yuan and Zhang Yanquan.
In 2011, at the World Championships, Zakharov won the silver medal in 3m Springboard and a pair of silver medal with Kuznetsov in 3m Spring Synchro.
In 2012, he won the Olympic Gold medal in the Men's 3 metre springboard defeating Chinese divers Qin Kai and He Chong. He also won the silver medal in the Men's synchronized 3 metre springboard, alongside Evgeny Kuznetsov, and competed in the Men's synchronized 10 metre platform, with Victor Minibaev. Zakharov was awarded the FINA Male Diver of the Year of 2012.
In 2013, Zakharov won gold medal at the 2013 European Championships in 3 m Springboard and 3m Spring Synchro.
In 2016, Zakharov attempted to defend his Olympic gold medal in the Men's 3 metre springboard, but did not advance past the semifinal round after a failed dive that resulted in a score of zero.
At the 2017 World Aquatics Championships in Budapest, Hungary, the Russian won his first gold medal in 3 m synchronized springboard, with his partner Kuznetsov.

## Politics

On 11 September 2022, Zakharov was elected to the Saratov Oblast Duma with the New People party during that year's regional elections.
# Asafra

Asafra (Arabic: العصافرة) is a neighborhood in Alexandria, Egypt.
# Lapua Cathedral

Lapua Cathedral (Finnish: Lapuan tuomiokirkko; Swedish: Lappo domkyrka) is a church in Lapua, Finland, and the seat of the Diocese of Lapua. The neoclassical cathedral was designed by Carl Ludvig Engel and built in 1827. The cathedral's pipe organ is the largest in Finland.
# Impressed tortoise

The impressed tortoise (Manouria impressa) occurs in mountainous forest areas in Southeast Asia, mainly in Myanmar Burma, southern China, Thailand, Laos, Vietnam, Cambodia, Malaysia and Northeast India. The species has a golden brown shell and skin. Adults are much smaller than their relatives the Asian forest tortoise (Manouria emys), with a maximum carapace length of 35 cm (14 in).
The impressed tortoise lives at high elevations, up to 2,000 m (6,600 ft). Its behavior is little known due to the small known population; diet in the wild may consist largely of mushrooms, although bamboo shoots are also eaten. The species is known for being difficult to keep alive in captivity because not much is known about it; although its status in the wild is uncertain, it is eaten widely by local people and little captive breeding has occurred. Humans use impressed tortoises for cell, trading, pets, and food; but some places like Thailand have established a wildlife conservation law to protect them.
# Vasil Levski Boulevard

42°41′41″N 23°20′5″E﻿ / ﻿42.69472°N 23.33472°E﻿ / 42.69472; 23.33472
Vasil Levski Boulevard (Bulgarian: Булевард Васил Левски) is a major boulevard in Sofia, the capital of Bulgaria. It lies between the Freight Station Square at the Slivnitsa and Danail Nikolaev Boulevards and the area of the National Palace of Culture. It is named after Bulgaria's national hero Vasil Levski.
Some of the most prominent landmarks of the capital are situated along the boulevard, including the National Academy of Arts, SS. Cyril and Methodius National Library, Sofia University, the State Agency of Youth and Sports, Battenberg Mausoleum, the Monument to Vasil Levski and others.
Vasil Levski Boulevard crosses many of the city's vital transport arteries, such as Georgi Rakovski Street, Tsar Osvoboditel Boulevard at Sofia University, Patriarch Evtimiy Boulevard and Graf Ignatiev Street at Patriarch Evtimiy Square.
The boulevard is served by many public bus and trolley bus lines and also SU St. Kliment Ohridski Metro Station.

## Gallery

* Monument to Vasil Levski
* SS. Cyril and Methodius National Library
* Ministry of Sport
* Battenberg Mausoleum
* This Bulgarian road or road transport-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
# Behdaq

Behdaq (Persian: بهداق, also Romanized as Behdāq; also known as Nūr Alahī, Nūrallāhī, and Nūr Ilāhi) is a village in Honam Rural District, in the Central District of Selseleh County, Lorestan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 211, in 42 families.
# Dolphin Club (Norway)

The Dolphin Club (Norwegian: Dolphins viseklubb) was a music club in Oslo, Norway.
The club was started at the initiative of the Norwegian painter and graphic artist Ole Hauki (no:Ole Hauki) (a.k.a. Dolphin) on March 12, 1966. Hauki had returned from a stay in the United States, and brought the idea for the club back with him. Hauki managed the club for five years. The club's first meeting place was at what is now the Vegeta Vertshus restaurant (formerly known as Frisksportrestauranten) at Grensen no. 18 in Oslo. The venue was limited to 70 people and music evenings were held on Saturdays. The club was so popular that it also started meeting on Wednesdays. In 1968, the club relocated to the Masonic building, where there was room for 300. It became in active in 1970.
The Dolphin Club started the Norwegian "ballad wave" (visebølgen). The movement therefore did not start in lugubrious cellars with wine and candles, but in an alcohol-free vegetarian café where carrot juice was the strongest drink.
The first group to appear at the Dolphin Club was The Sing Singers with Ole Hauki, Bjørn Tonhaugen, Karin Hvidsten, and Ole Paus. Others that were active there included Lillebjørn Nilsen, Kari Svendsen, Bjørn Morisse, Øystein Sunde, Lars Klevstrand, Hege Tunaal, Finn Kalvik, Jon Arne Corell, and Steinar Ofsdal, as well as groups such as Kinsfolk, Gruppe 4, Christiania Fusel & Blaagress, and The Young Norwegians.