OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Victor Lasky

Victor Lasky (7 January 1918 – 22 February 1990) was a conservative columnist in the United States who wrote several best-selling books. He was syndicated by the North American Newspaper Alliance.

## Background

On January 7, 1918, Victor Lasky was born in Liberty, New York. He graduated from Brooklyn College in 1940.

## Career

In 1942, Lasky joined the U.S. Army and served during World War II; during that time, he did correspondence work for the army's newspaper Stars and Stripes.
After World War Two, Lasky joined the staff of the New York World-Telegram; while there, he assisted Frederick Woltman in writing a series of articles on Communist Party infiltration within the US, for which Woltman won a Pulitzer Prize for Reporting in 1947.
Lasky first came to prominence with his 1950 book Seeds of Treason, co-authored with Ralph de Toledano, in which the authors argued against Alger Hiss and in favor of Whittaker Chambers, with regard to Chambers' accusations both he and Hiss had been spies for the Soviet Union.
He was one of the first journalists to write a critical view of President John F. Kennedy. He expanded on this in his 1963 book JFK: The Man And The Myth, questioning Kennedy's wartime heroics on PT-109 and claimed he had a lackluster record as a congressman and senator. Lasky also wrote a similar negative book about Robert F. Kennedy.
Lasky's most controversial book was It Didn't Start With Watergate published in 1977. The author argued that the scandal that drove Richard Nixon from office was little more than a media event. He believed that the press disliked Nixon and subjected him to unfair scrutiny no other president had ever experienced. Lasky also claimed that Franklin D. Roosevelt, John F. Kennedy and Lyndon B. Johnson had used wiretaps on political opponents.
Lasky professed the greatest political "crime of the century" was not the Watergate scandal, but what he describes as the "theft" of the 1960 Presidential election.
In 1979, Lasky wrote another controversial work called Jimmy Carter: The Man And The Myth, asserting that Carter was one of the most inept presidents of all time.
Lasky's last work was Never Complain, Never Explain (1981), a biography of Henry Ford II.

## Works

Books include:
* 1950 - Seeds of Treason; The True Story of the Hiss-Chambers Tragedy (with Ralph de Toledano)
* 1960 - John F. Kennedy; What's Behind the Image?
* 1963 - J. F. K.: the Man and the Myth
* 1965 - The Ugly Russian
* 1968 - Robert F. Kennedy; the Myth and the Man
* 1970 - Arthur J. Goldberg, the Old and the New
* 1970 - "Say ... Didn’t You Used to Be George Murphy?" (with George Murphy)
* 1977 - It Didn’t Start With Watergate
* 1979 - Jimmy Carter, the Man & the Myth
* 1981 - Never Complain, Never Explain : the Story of Henry Ford II
Articles include:
* "How to Understand Communism," American Legion Magazine (August 1953)
# Socialist Party of Andalusia (2001)

Socialist Party of Andalusia (Spanish: Partido Socialista de Andalucía; PSA) was an Andalusian nationalist and social-democratic political party in Andalusia. The party was founded by the then mayor of Jérez de la Frontera, Pedro Pacheco. In 2011 the party rejoined the Andalusian Party (PA).

## History

The party was founded by Pedro Pacheco and his followers after a personal leadership dispute with the president of the PA. The first elections for the PSA were the municipal elections of 2003, in which the party won 55 local representatives. The party run for the Andalusian regional elections of 2004, obtaining the 0.94% of the vote and no seats. in the municipal elections of 2007 the PSA won 64 local representatives. At the 2nd congress of the party (November 2008), Pedro Pacheco left his leadership positions.
After this series of electoral failures, the PSA run in a coalition with the PA for the Andalusian regional elections of 2008, failing again to obtain any seat. PSA continued to cooperate with the PA until their full reunification in 2011. Pedro Pacheco didn't join the reunified PA and founded another party, Andalusian Platform-Citizen Forum.
# Laurentian River System

The Southern Laurentian Channel is an ancient underground river in southern Ontario, Canada. The river predates the recent ice ages. The river valley was filled with glacial debris. Water still flows down this old valley—underground. The source of the aquifer is the Georgian Bay, approximately 200 kilometres (120 mi) away.
In 2003 it was discovered that the southern section of the Laurentian aquifer reaches under High Park in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. This is believed to be where the Laurentian River System drains into Lake Ontario. An overflow pipe is visible running into Spring Creek in High Park and is always at a steady flow. Its current purpose is to enrich local coldwater wildlife in the creek and relieve hydrostatic pressure. The area surrounding the outlet is stained red indicating a high iron content. The water flowing from it is naturally pure and cool, at around 6-9 degrees Celsius or 42-48 degrees Fahrenheit.
During the discovery of the Laurentian Channel, a well was drilled to investigate further. While it was being drilled, a massive burst of water, silt and gravel suddenly rocketed out of the well. Somehow, the Laurentian Channel's flow to Lake Ontario had been blocked, causing a huge pressure buildup.
The bedrock under Toronto has several dips believed to be carved by the Laurentian River.
The Laurentian Channel, 25–30 km wide in some areas, 100 km long, and greater than 100 m deep, still lacks data regarding its total size and sediments, relying on well sites for information. Sediments in the channel range from sands and gravels near the bottom and clay-like silts near the top.
# Tapiola Church

Tapiola Church (Finnish: Tapiolan kirkko, Swedish: Hagalunds kyrka) is a Lutheran church in the Tapiola district of Espoo, Finland. The modernist concrete building in brutalist style was designed by the architect Aarno Ruusuvuori and opened in 1965. The church seats 600 people and is thus the largest in Espoo by capacity.
The church is part of the garden city of Tapiola which is internationally famous for its architecture and listed as a nationally significant built cultural heritage site by the National Board of Antiquities. Docomomo has also selected Tapiola as a significant example of modern architecture in Finland.
# 1870 in New Zealand

"none" is preferred when the title is sufficiently descriptive
The following lists events that happened during 1870 in New Zealand.

## Incumbents
### Regal and viceregal

* Head of State – Queen Victoria
* Governor – Sir George Ferguson Bowen

### Government and law

The 4th New Zealand Parliament continues.
* Speaker of the House – Sir David Monro stands down at the end of the year. He will be replaced after the 1871 election by Sir Francis Dillon Bell
* Premier – William Fox
* Minister of Finance – Julius Vogel
* Chief Justice – Hon Sir George Arney
Voting in New Zealand elections is changed to a secret ballot.

### Main centre leaders

* Mayor of Christchurch – John Anderson followed by Andrew Duncan
* Mayor of Dunedin – Thomas Birch followed by Henry Fish
* Mayor of Wellington – Joseph Dransfield

## Events

* 27 August – 3 September: Second visit by Prince Alfred, returning briefly to Wellington before departing for Sydney.
* Torrens system of registered land titles adopted.

## Sport
### Archery

* The first club meets at One Tree Hill, Auckland.

### Golf

* New Zealand's first golf course was opened in Dunedin.

### Horse racing

There are 2 races for both the New Zealand Cup and New Zealand Derby (presumably at the beginning and end of the calendar year).$^{(Confirmationrequired)}$

#### Major race winners

* New Zealand Cup: Knottingley
* New Zealand Cup: Knottingley
* New Zealand Derby: Malabar
* New Zealand Derby: Envy

### Rugby union

Charles Monro, son of the Speaker of the House, Sir David Monro, introduces rugby to the Nelson Football club.
* 14 May – First rugby club match, Nelson College versus Nelson Football Club "The Town" at the Botanical reserve. This was the first interclub game of rugby union played in New Zealand.
* 12 September – A Nelson team, the "Lunatics", defeats Wellington at Petone.
* – The first "international" between Wellington and a team from HMS Rosario.

### Shooting

Ballinger Belt: Lieutenant Goldie (Otago)

## Births

* February (no date): Arthur Withy, journalist and politician.
* 14 April: James Cowan, writer.
* 20 October: C. F. Goldie, painter.

## Deaths

* 5 July: Henry Powning Stark, politician and sharebroker.
* 16 July: Betty Guard, of pioneering whaling family.
* 27 November (in England): James Stuart-Wortley, politician
* 30 November: Francis Jollie, politician
# Alan Chambré

Sir Alan Chambré (4 October 1739 – 20 September 1823) was an English judge.

## Life

He was the eldest son of Walter Chambré, of Halhead Hall, Kendal, in Westmorland. He was a barrister through his wife, Mary, who was the daughter of Jacob Morland of Capplethwaite Hall in the same county. He was born at Kendal on 4 October 1739. After receiving an early education at Kendal Grammar School, he was sent to Sedbergh School under the care of Wynne Bateman.
From Sedbergh he went to London, where he entered the office of Forth Wintour, as solicitor, in Pall Mall. He also became a member of the Society of Staple Inn. He moved to Middle Temple in February 1758 and in November 1764 from the Middle Temple to Gray's Inn. In May 1767 he was called to the bar, and went to the northern circuit, of which he soon became one of the leaders. He was elected to the bench of Gray's Inn in June 1781, and in 1783 filled the annual office of treasurer.
In 1796, he was appointed recorder of Lancaster. Upon the retirement of Richard Perryn from the judicial bench, he was chosen as his successor. In order to qualify for the bench, it was necessary that Chambré be made a serjeant-at-law.
As Perryn had retired just before the summer circuit, and serjeants could only be called in term, a special act of parliament (Courts of Exchequer Act 1799, 39 Geo. 3. c. 67) was passed authorising, for the first time, the appointment of a serjeant in the vacation. Under the provisions of this act, Chambré received the degree of serjeant on 2 July 1799, and was appointed a baron of the exchequer on the same day.
Lord Chief Justice James Eyre died five days after the special act had received the royal assent. The same difficulty occurred again, and a general act (Appointment of Judges in Vacation Act 1799, 39 Geo. 3. c. 113) was passed in the same session authorising the appointment of any barrister to the degree of serjeant during the vacation if done for the purpose of filling up a vacancy on the bench. Lord Eldon was the first judge appointed under the provisions of this act.
On 13 June 1800, Chambré was transferred to the court of common pleas, as successor to Sir Francis Buller. In this court he remained until December 1815, when he resigned his seat. Sitting on the bench for more than fifteen years, he became entitled to a pension of £2,000 a year by virtue of an act passed in the same year in which he had been appointed a judge (Judges' Pensions Act 1799, 39 Geo. 3. c. 110).
Chambré died at Crown Inn, Harrogate, on 20 September 1823, at age 84, and was buried in the family vault in Kendal parish church, where a monument was erected to his memory. He was never married, and was succeeded in his estates by his nephew, Thomas Chambré.
# Fargues-sur-Ourbise

Fargues-sur-Ourbise (French pronunciation:; Occitan: Hargas d'Orbisa) is a commune in the Lot-et-Garonne department in south-western France.
# Valeri Ovchinnikov

Valeri Viktorovich Ovchinnikov (Russian: Валерий Викторович Овчинников; born 26 November 1947) is a Russian professional football coach. He works as an advisor for the Estonian club Sillamäe Kalev.
# Cambio 90 – New Majority

Cambio 90 – New Majority (Spanish: Alianza Electoral Cambio 90 — Nueva Mayoría, C90—NM) was a Peruvian right-wing electoral alliance eponymously formed by pro-Fujimorist parties Cambio 90 and New Majority which ruled Peru from 1992 to 2000, serving more as an instrumental electoral vehicle for Alberto Fujimori.

## History

The alliance was formed in 1992 for the Democratic Constituent Congress election of that year in which they won a majority in the Democratic Constituent Congress and once again in the 1995 general election. In the 2000 general election, Cambio 90 and New Majority were part of Peru 2000 and the alliance was briefly dissolved.
In the aftermath of Alberto Fujimori's downfall in late 2000, the alliance was once again revived and participated at the 2001 general election, only running for Congress and only won 3 seats in Congress. For the 2006 general election, the alliance was dissolved and Cambio 90 and New Majority participated under the Alliance for the Future.

## Electoral history
### Presidential elections

| Year | Candidate | Candidate | Coalition | Votes | Percentage | Outcome |
| 1995 | Alberto Fujimori | | Cambio 90 – New Majority Electoral Alliance | 4 645 279 | 64.42 | 1st |

### Elections to the Congress of the Republic

| Year | Leader | Votes | % | Number of seats | / | Position |
| 1995 | Alberto Fujimori | 2 193 724 | 51.1% | 67 / 120 | 23 | Majority |
| 2000 | Alberto Fujimori | 4 189 019 participated under Peru 2000 | 42.2% | 52 / 120 | 19 | Minority |
| 2001 | Alberto Fujimori | 452 696 | 4.8% | 3 / 120 | 49 | Minority |

### Democratic Constituent Congress elections

| Year | Leader | Votes | % | Number of seats | / | Position |
| 1992 | Alberto Fujimori | 3 040 552 | 49.2% | 44 / 80 | 44 | Majority |
# Ahmad ibn Munim al-Abdari

Ahmad ibn Ibrahim ibn Ali ibn Munim al-Abdari (Arabic: أحمد بن ابراهيم بن علي بن منعم الأبداري; died 1228), often referred to as ibn Munim, was a mathematician, originally from Dénia in Andalusia. He lived and taught in Marrakesh where he was known as one of the best scholars in geometry and number theory. He is often confused with Muhammad ibn 'Abd al Mun'im, a different mathematician who worked in the court of Roger II of Sicily.
# The Federation of Gas Workers' Unions of Japan

The Federation of Gas Workers' Unions of Japan (Japanese: 全国ガス労働組合連合会, Zenkoku Gas) is a trade union representing workers in the gas supply industry in Japan.
The union was founded in 1947, and later affiliated to the Federation of Independent Unions. By 1970, it had 19,403 members. In 1989, it affiliated to the Japanese Trade Union Confederation. By 2020, it had 23,248 members.
# Josephinian Land Survey

The Josephinian Land Survey (German: Josephinische Landesaufnahme) was the first comprehensive land survey and mapping of the Habsburg Empire. The survey was ordered by Holy Roman Empress Maria Theresa after Austria's defeat in the Seven Years' War. It was conducted from 1763 to 1787, concluding in the reign of Holy Roman Emperor Joseph II. The maps are currently stored in the National Archives of Austria.
# London Sounds Eastern

London Sounds Eastern was one of the most popular ethnic minority radio programs on the BBC. It was presented by Vernon Corea and produced by Keith Yeomans.

## The Launching of London Sounds Eastern -BBC Radio London

The program went on the airwaves on a Sunday evening on BBC Radio London. It enjoyed a huge multi-cultural radio audience and was even highlighted in the BBC Radio Times in 1976. London Sounds Eastern created broadcasting history in the United Kingdom: it was the first ever Asian programme in English, on the BBC. Until the launch of 'London Sounds Eastern,' Asian radio programmes in the United Kingdom were mostly in the Hindi and Urdu languages and the programme replaced two 30-minute shows which had been broadcast in the Bengali, Hindi and Urdu languages.

## Ethnic Minority Broadcasting on the BBC

'London Sounds Eastern' was a real breakthrough in terms of ethnic minority broadcasting. It expanded musical horizons featuring music as diverse as the ghazals of Pakistan, raagas from India and baila from Sri Lanka. It even featured music from China and Singapore.
Vernon Corea, presenter of London Sounds Eastern was appointed Asian Programmes Officer of the BBC and trained broadcasters from minority ethnic communities for the BBC Local Radio network. Among those who sought advice on a career in radio was the BBC TV Presenter George Alagiah. Vernon Corea went on to be the BBC's Ethnic Minorities Adviser.

## South Asian Stars on the BBC

A whole host of Asian stars were featured - Lata Mangeshkar, Asha Bhosle, Usha Uthup, Ravi Shankar, Pandith Amaradeva, Asian actress Jamila Massey and her husband the writer Reginald Massey, Clarence Wijewardene, Annesley Malewana, Mignonne Fernando, Nimal Mendis, The Gypsies, Desmond de Silva were some of the South Asian stars on 'London Sounds Eastern.' Their music reached new audiences in London and hundreds of fans wrote in to BBC Radio London. Vernon Corea featured the different sounds of the Indian sub-continent, from ragaas to contemporary baila.

## South Asian Heads of State on the programme

Heads of State have also appeared on the radio programme among them the President of Sri Lanka. Vernon Corea, the presenter of 'London Sounds Eastern' also met with the President of the Maldives when he was invited to the islands to train Maldivian broadcasters at Radio Maldives.

## BBC Asian Network

The programme pioneered the way for the BBC Asian Network. Ravi Shankar was among the celebrities interviewed by Vernon Corea for London Sounds Eastern.
Listen to the BBC Radio London Jingles from the 1970s - 1980s:
* John Allen's BBC Radio London 206 Pages
# Mohammad Mokhtari (writer)

Mohammad Mokhtari (Persian: محمد مختاری) (April 21, 1942 – December 3, 1998) was an Iranian writer, poet and left-wing activist. He was an active member of the Iranian Writers Association, a group that had been long banned in Iran due to their objection to censorship and encouraged freedom of expression. Due to his activism, he was most likely murdered during the Chain murders of Iran in December 1998.

## Biography

Mohammad Mokhtari was born in Mashhad. He graduated from Ferdowsi University of Mashhad in 1969, majoring in Persian Language and Literature. He married in 1972 and had two sons.
In 1973, Mokhtari joined the literary foundation of Ferdowsi’s Shahnameh and soon became a member of its scientific committee. From 1979 until the beginning of the Cultural Revolution, Mokhtari taught at the School of Dramatic Arts (today’s School of Cinema and Theatre) of University of Tehran. He translated the Russian poetry of Anna Akhmatova and Vladimir Mayakovsky.
In 1981, he was the secretary of the Iranian Writers’ Association for one year. He was arrested in 1982 for political reasons and imprisoned for two years and at this time he was also permanently banned from working for the Iranian government. From 1986, he was on the editorial board of the Donya-ye Sokhan magazine. He also had close ties with other publications such as Takapu. Mokhtari played a key role in the re-opening of the Iranian Writers’ Association. He was a long-time member of the Association and a central figure in the Third Iranian Writers’ Association. According to friends and acquaintances, he worked eagerly for the achievement of the goals of the Association, and followed its projects with patience and perseverance; his constructive and helpful criticism proved vital for the Association (Asr-e No). He also played a crucial part in the writing and publication of a letter, dated October 15, 1994, in which 134 writers stated their objection to censorship and restraints on the freedom of expression. Mokhtari was a successful researcher and respected poet and he had published several books of poetry, as well as a book on mythology.

### Death

On December 3, 1998, Mokhtari left his house for shopping and never returned. The next day, police officers of Aminabad found an unidentified body in an uninhabited area of Aminabad, on the estate of a cement factory, near the road to Firuzabad (near Tehran City). There was nothing to help identify the body, other than a pen and a piece of paper. The body was transferred to the police station’s forensic team. On December 10 (the International Human Rights Day), one week after his disappearance, the body was identified at the morgue and his family remarked that there appeared to be bruising around his neck.
He died on December 3, 1998, of suffocation. His death came only a few days after the death of Iranian political activists, Parvaneh Eskandari Forouhar and her husband, Dariush Forouhar and the assassination of writer Mohammad-Ja'far Pouyandeh. The Iranian Ministry of Intelligence later denied responsibility for the Mokhtari death and claimed a "foreign network" may have assassinated him.
# Shojaabad-e Pain

Shojaabad-e Pain (Persian: شجاع ابادپايين, also Romanized as Shojā‘ābād-e Pā’īn; also known as Shojā‘ābād and Shujā‘ābād) is a village in Rezvan Rural District, Ferdows District, Rafsanjan County, Kerman Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 158, in 43 families.
# Richard Dorman (diplomat)

Richard Bostock Dorman CBE (8 August 1925 – 9 January 2022) was a British diplomat who served as the second High Commissioner of the United Kingdom to Vanuatu from 1982 until 1985.

## Life and career

Dorman was born in Stafford, Staffordshire on 8 August 1925. and was educated at Sedbergh School.
He served as the second High Commissioner of the United Kingdom to Vanuatu from 1982 until 1985, and also co-founded the British Friends of Vanuatu, (BFoV) in 1986, serving as the organisation's chairman until 1999.
Dorman was honoured with a CBE in 1984, and was awarded the Republic of Vanuatu National Award of Merit by Prime Minister Donald Kalpokas in November 1999. The awards ceremony was held at the Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Office in London.
In 2021, Dorman donated his collection of books related to Vanuatu and the New Herbides to the National Library of Vanuatu. His final shipment of books was scheduled to arrive in Port Vila on 17 January 2022, just days after his death.
Dorman died on 9 January 2022, at the age of 96. His death was announced by Gordon Dickinson, the chairman of the British Friends of Vanuatu.
# Montgaillard-de-Salies

Montgaillard-de-Salies (French pronunciation:; Occitan: Montgalhard de Saliás) is a commune in the Haute-Garonne department of southwestern France.