OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# The Black Obelisk

The Black Obelisk (German: Der schwarze Obelisk) is a novel written in 1956 by the German author Erich Maria Remarque. This novel paints a portrait of Germany in the early 1920s, a period marked by hyperinflation and rising nationalism.
Ludwig, the protagonist, is in his mid twenties; just like most of his friends, he is a World War I veteran. Although aspiring to be a poet, he works for a friend, Georg, managing the office of a small tombstone company. He tries to earn some extra money as a private tutor to a son of a bookstore owner, and by playing the organ at the chapel of a local insane asylum.
Thanks to this diversity of activities, Ludwig interacts with a wide cross-section of the German population of his town and the surrounding villages and we are allowed to witness those interactions. We see, for example, businessmen – some trying to stick to the old principles and going bankrupt, others speculating on stocks, exploiting the system and becoming rich in morally ambiguous ways. We see war veterans – some highly critical of the old ways that led them to a failed war, others longing for the old days of military discipline and turning into inflexible nationalists hailing the virtues of their rising leader, Adolf Hitler.
A lot of events are connected to women. Two of them leave Ludwig, just because he cannot float in the contemporary world of greed and money. He chose to stay "clean", maybe not by himself, but he cannot be anything other than be true to his ideals and now he has to live with that choice. A third woman, probably the most important to him, is Genevieve Terhoven, whom he meets at the insane asylum. She is there for being schizophrenic and considers herself to be "Isabelle" most of the time. Ludwig gets more and more attached to her, feeling a "pure" love for her because she sees the world so differently.
The line "The death of one man is a tragedy, the death of millions is a statistic" (Aber das ist wohl so, weil ein einzelner immer der Tod ist — und zwei Millionen immer nur eine Statistik.) is often not credited to the book but attributed to Soviet leader Joseph Stalin.

## In popular culture

The 1998 Emir Kusturica movie Black Cat, White Cat contains a scene where a lady nicknamed Black Obelisk pulls a nail from a wooden beam using her behind — a direct reference to the Remarque novel where a certain Frau Beckmann is said to pull off the same feat.

## Sources

Adapted with permission from
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# Al-Mahmoudiya SC

Al-Mahmoudiya Sport Club (Arabic: نادي المحمودية الرياضي), is an Iraqi football team based in Baghdad, that plays in the Iraqi First Division League.

## Managerial history

* Ali Wahab
* Uday Ghawi
* Waleed Khalid
# Sainte-Trie

Sainte-Trie (French pronunciation:; Occitan: Sent Tria) is a commune in the Dordogne department in Nouvelle-Aquitaine in southwestern France.

## History

During the creation of the French departments in 1790, the commune first became part of the Corrèze department. It became part of the Dordogne department in 1793.
# Nyland and Tavastehus County

Nyland and Tavastehus County (Swedish: Nylands och Tavastehus län, Finnish: Uudenmaan ja Hämeen lääni) was a county of the Swedish Empire in Finland from 1634 to 1809.
In 1775 whole northern part of the county (later Central Finland region) was transferred to the new Vasa County. Also a part of historical Satakunta was added to the Nyland and Tavastehus County from the Åbo and Björneborg County, while Upper Hollola was transferred to the new Kymmenegård County.
By the Treaty of Fredrikshamn in 1809 Sweden ceded all its territories in Finland, east of the Torne River, to Russia. The county still continued to exist as a province of the new autonomic Grand Duchy of Finland until 1831, when it was split to Häme Province and Uusimaa Province.

## Maps

| Provinces of Finland 1634: 1: Turku and Pori, 14: Nyland and Tavastehus, 18: Ostrobothnia, 20: Viborg and Nyslott, 21: Kexholm | Provinces of Finland 1776: 1: Turku and Pori, 4: Vaasa, 10: Oulu, 14: Nyland and Tavastehus, 15: Kymmenegård, 16: Savolax and Karelia | Provinces of Finland 1831: 1: Turku and Pori, 2: Uusimaa, 3: Häme, 4: Vaasa, 6: Mikkeli, 8: Kuopio, 10: Oulu, 13: Viipuri |

## Governors

* Arvid Göransson Horn af Kanckas 1634–1640
* Arvid Göransson Horn af Kanckas 1640–1648 (Tavastehus County)
* Reinhold Mettstake 1640–1642 (Nyland County)
* Jacob Uggla 1642–1648 (Nyland County)
* Erik Andersson Oxe 1648–1652
* Ernst Johan Greutz 1652–1666
* Udde Knutsson Ödell 1666–1668
* Axel Eriksson Stålarm 1668–1678
* Axel Rosenhane 1678–1685
* Jonas Klingstedt 1685–1687
* Karl Bonde 1687–1695
* Mårten Lindhielm 1695–1696
* Abraham Cronhjort 1696–1703
* Johan Creutz 1703–1719
* Per Stierncrantz 1719–1737
* Axel Erik Gyllenstierna af Lundholm 1737–1746
* Gustaf Samuel Gylleborg 1746–1756
* Anders Johan Nordenskjöld 1756–1761
* Hans Erik Boije af Gennäs 1761–1772
* Carl Ribbing af Koberg 1773
* Anders Henrik Ramsay 1774–1776
* Anders de Bruce 1777–1786
* Carl Gustaf Armfelt 1787–1788
* Johan Henrik Munck 1790–1809
* Gustaf Fredrik Stiernwall 1810–1815
* Gustaf Hjärne 1816–1828
* Carl Klick 1828–1831
# Popular Socialist Party (Argentina)

The Popular Socialist Party (Spanish: Partido Socialista Popular) was a political party in Argentina formed in 1972 with the merger of the Argentine Socialist Party, the Movimiento de Acción Popular Argentino (MAPA) and other minor groups.
Headed by the more radical left group of the Party, it became important in particular in the province of Santa Fe, where Guillermo Estévez Boero was elected deputy in 1987, resulting in being the first Socialist parliamentary since Alfredo Palacios' 1965 death. In 1989, the PSP won the second city of the country, Rosario, with the election of Héctor Cavallero (1989–1995), and again with the election of Hermes Binner in 1995 and 2002.
Although Cavallero turned to Carlos Menem and Justicialism, and then founded his own party, Binner became the first Socialist governor of Argentina following the 2007 general elections, being elected in the Province of Santa Fe.
The Movimiento Nacional Reformista (MNR, National Reformist Movement), which is the estudiantine branch of the PSP, has been one of the most representative estudiantine organization since the 1970s, having several times been represented at the presidency or general secretary of the Argentine University Federation (FUA) and of various local federations.
The PSP represented Argentina in the Socialist International and the Latin American Socialist Coordination. In 2002, it merged with the Democratic Socialist Party to form the Socialist Party.
# Gustave de Clausade

Pierre Amélie Gustave de Clausade de Saint Amarand (25 August 1815 – 29 July 1888) was a 19th-century French lawyer, historian, and a member of the Société des Antiquaires de France.

## Main works

* 1835: Un voyages d’artiste, guide dans les Pyrénées par deux amis, Anonymous (Gustave de Clausade and Eugène de Malbos), Dagalier, Toulouse.
* 1843: Une Visite au bon Henry, suivie d'une excursion en Guipuscoa par Bayonne, text by G. de C., drawings by Eugène de Malbos, Toulouse.
* 1843: Poésies Languedociennes et Françaises d'Auger Gaillard,
* 1859: Le Château de Bruniquel sous Baudouin de Toulouse, par Gustave de Clausade, extrait des Mémoires de l’Académie des Sciences Inscriptions et Belles-Lettres de Toulouse, 1859
# Question (Lloyd Price song)

"Question" is a 1960 hit song written by Lloyd Price and Harold Logan. Lloyd Price's recording was issued as ABC-Paramount single 10123, reaching the Top 10 of the Billboard R&B Singles chart, peaking at #5, and the Top 20 on the Billboard Hot 100, peaking at #19. The song combines a rhythm and blues musical arrangement with a pop style backing vocal-chorus. Lloyd performed the song on a 1960 telecast of Dick Clark's "Beech Nut" Saturday night show on ABC Television. It was the last Top 20 Pop hit of Lloyd's career, although he came close three years later, (in 1963), with his live hit cover of the Erroll Garner standard "Misty", which reached # 21.

## Covers

According to Allmusic, the song has been covered by several artists, including Emile Ford, Percy Milem, P. J. Proby, and Howard Tate.
# Ram Naresh Rawat

Ram Naresh Rawat (7 May 1962 – 4 September 2022) was an Indian politician and a member of 17th Legislative Assembly, Uttar Pradesh of India. He represented the ‘Bachhrawan’ constituency in Rae Bareli district of Uttar Pradesh.

## Political career

Ram Naresh Rawat contested Uttar Pradesh Assembly Election as Bharatiya Janata Party candidate and defeated his close contestant Shahab Sharan from Indian National Congress with a margin of 22,309 votes. He was born in the year 1962 to Ram Autar Rawat in a Schedule Caste family belonging to Pasi community.

## Posts held

| # | From | To | Position | Comments |
| 01 | 2017 | 2022 | Member, 17th Legislative Assembly | |
| 02 | 2006 | 2012 | Member of Legislative Council |
| 03 | 1987 | 1988 | National youth award winner | For social works |
# Jackson Prairie Underground Natural Gas Storage Facility

Jackson Prairie Underground Natural Gas Storage Facility is a natural gas storage facility in Southwest Washington. The site is owned by Puget Sound Energy, Avista and Williams Companies's Northwest Pipeline GP. With 25 billion cubic feet working capacity (47 billion cubic feet total capacity), it is the largest natural gas-storage reservoir in the Pacific Northwest and the 14th largest in the United States.

## Geology

Located in the community of Mary's Corner, Washington, the gas storage is in an aquifer contained by the sandstone Skookumchuck formation, about 1,000 to 3,000 feet underground.$^{:Slide4}$

## Development

The site was first explored for gas production in 1958 with an 8,000-foot (2,400 m) deep well. The well turned out to be a dry hole and repurposed for gas storage. In 1964 the first gas was injected.$^{:Slide2}$ Gas began escaping in early 1965 after the drilling of a new bore hole, requiring the installation of specialized fittings to shut off the leak. Despite a minor evacuation, a no fire order, and law enforcement patrols, no explosion or injuries occurred.
As of 2016, there were a total of 104 wells, 55 being used for gas injection or extraction.$^{:Slide4}$
# HMS Loch Killin (K391)

HMS Loch Killin was a Loch-class frigate of the Royal Navy, named after Loch Killin in Scotland. The ship was laid down at Burntisland Shipbuilding Company's yard in Fife on 2 June 1943, and launched on 29 November 1943. She was one of the first vessels armed with the brand new Squid anti-submarine mortar. Decommissioned in September 1945, the ship was put into Reserve, and finally scrapped on 24 August 1960.

## Service history
### 1944

Lock Killin along with the sloop Starling sank the German submarine U-333 on 31 July 1944 to the west of Land's End. This was the first submarine kill using the Squid anti-submarine mortar. On 6 August 1944 Loch Killin sank U-736.

### 1945

In January and February 1945 Loch Killin was detached for service in the English Channel providing convoy escort and support for short periods, before the rest of 17 EG was transferred to Plymouth for support duty in the Channel in April. On 15 April 1945 Loch Killin sank U-1063 in the English Channel west of Land's End, in position 50°8′54″N 3°53′24″W﻿ / ﻿50.14833°N 3.89000°W﻿ / 50.14833; -3.89000, with gunfire and depth charges.
After the German surrender in May 1945 Loch Killin and 17 EG returned to the Clyde. In June the ship was transferred to the Rosyth Escort Force to escort convoys to Norway, paying visits to Stavanger, Bergen and Trondheim. In September Loch Killin sailed to Dartmouth to decommission.

### Decommissioning and disposal

After her stores and supplies were removed Loch Killin was put into the Reserve on 7 November 1945 as a Category "B" vessel.
# Isoleucine—tRNA ligase

In enzymology, an isoleucine—tRNA ligase (EC 6.1.1.5) is an enzyme that catalyzes a two-step reaction in which isoleucine is attached to its corresponding tRNA molecule:
    Isoleucine + ATP → Isoleucyl-AMP + PPi
    Isoleucyl-AMP + tRNA$^{Ile}$ → Isoleucyl-tRNA$^{Ile}$ + AMP
The 3 substrates of this enzyme are ATP, L-isoleucine, and tRNA(Ile), whereas its 3 products are AMP, diphosphate, and L-isoleucyl-tRNA(Ile).
This enzyme belongs to the family of ligases, to be specific those forming carbon-oxygen bonds in aminoacyl-tRNA and related compounds. The systematic name of this enzyme class is L-isoleucine:tRNAIle ligase (AMP-forming). Other names in common use include isoleucyl-tRNA synthetase, isoleucyl-transfer ribonucleate synthetase, isoleucyl-transfer RNA synthetase, isoleucine-transfer RNA ligase, isoleucine-tRNA synthetase, and isoleucine translase. This enzyme participates in valine, leucine and isoleucine biosynthesis and aminoacyl-trna biosynthesis.

## Structural studies

As of late 2007, 10 structures have been solved for this class of enzymes, with PDB accession codes 1FFY, 1JZQ, 1JZS, 1QU2, 1QU3, 1UDZ, 1UE0, 1WK8, 1WNY, and 1WNZ.
# Temenus (mythology)

In Greek mythology, Temenus (Ancient Greek:Τήμενος Tēmenos) was the name attributed to the following personages:
* Temenus, a son of Pelasgus, who reared Hera at Stymphalus in Arcadia. His mother was probably either Meliboea, an Oceanid or Oread, one of the nymphs. Temenus established three sanctuaries for the goddess Hera. He gave her three surnames: (1) when she was still a maiden, Girl; (2) when married to Zeus he called her Grown-up; (3) when for some cause or other she quarreled with Zeus and came back to Stymphalus, he named her Widow.
* Temenus, son of Phegeus of Psophis in Arcadia and brother of Axion and Alphesiboea. At the command of their father, Temenus together with his brother murdered by treachery their brother-in-law Alcmaeon and the two then dedicated the necklace of Harmonia to the god Apollo in Delphi. It is said that when the expedition of the Greeks to Troy took place, Temenus and Axion were the kings in the city that was still called Phegia (former name of Psophis). The people of Psophis assert that the reason why they took no part in the expedition was because their princes had incurred the enmity of the leaders of the Argives, who were in most cases related by blood to Alcmaeon, and had joined him in his campaign against Thebes. Later on, the widowed sister, Alphesiboea killed her own brothers in revenge of her husband's death. Otherwise, Apollodorus calls the two sons of Phegeus, Agenor and Pronous.
* Temenus, son of Aristomachus, and father of Archelaus. Temenus was one of the Heracleidae.
# Dragan Tsankov

Dragan Kiriakov Tsankov (Bulgarian: Драган Киряков Цанков) (9 November 1828 – 24 March 1911) was a Bulgarian politician and the first Liberal Party Prime Minister of the country.
He was born in Svishtov. Tsankov was initially a civil servant in the administration of the Ottoman Empire, who in the 1850s gained a reputation as a supporter of the Bulgarian Greek Catholic Church. His paper Bũlgaria appeared in Constantinople in 1859 and espoused his religious positions. Funded by France, the paper argued that a Uniat with Rome was the only solution to Bulgaria. Indeed, Tsankov, who was educated by the Jesuits, helped to form the Bulgarian Greek Catholic Church in 1861.
Later he became closely associated with opposition to the Ottomans and the independence movement. Tsankov was initially opposed to the April Uprising but he soon changed his opinion and began to be active in support of independence. He served as deputy to Nayden Gerov in the Governorship of Svishtov during the brief period of Russian administration in Bulgaria. A leading figure in the drive towards independence, he became respected as the voice of moderate liberalism, as he was prepared to work with the Conservatives after 1879.
After some failed attempts to form a Conservative-led administration, Tsankov was appointed as Prime Minister on 7 April 1880 with plans for a wide-ranging raft of reforms. His new reforms, which included the establishment of a militia, limited rights for Muslims and attempts to limit the power of the Bulgarian Orthodox Church alarmed Alexander of Bulgaria, who feared the possibility of a liberal revolution. A series of foreign policy errors involving relations with Austria-Hungary followed (largely caused by the lack of communication between Tsankov and the Tsar) and his ministry was forced to resign before the year was out.
He initially kept an open mind about the military coup of 1881, although he eventually called on his supporters to oppose the new system by all legal means, resulting in him being placed under house arrest. However the failure of military rule forced Alexander to restore civilian government, with Tsankov returning as Premier on 19 September 1883 at the head of a coalition government. Tsankov's second rule was seen as largely transitional and it also saw the Liberal Party splitting, with Petko Karavelov gaining a large groundswell of support. Eventually he was dismissed as Prime Minister and replaced by Karavelov in 1884.
After his removal from office, Tsankov split off to form his own party, the Progressive Liberals. Although the group did not see government until 1902 and the rule of Stoyan Danev, Tsankov remained an important figure in Bulgarian politics and a constant voice in support of ever closer relations with Russia until his death.

## Literature / Works

* Cankof, A. Kyriak & Cankof, D. Kyriak – Grammatik der bulgarischen Sprache (1852) / Grammar of the Bulgarian language
# Joan Jacobs Brumberg

Joan Jacobs Brumberg (born April 29, 1944) is an American social historian and writes and lectures in the fields of women's history and medical history.

## Career

Joan Jacobs Brumberg is a social historian that writes and lectures in the fields of women's history and medical history. Her first appointment at Cornell University (1979) was in Women's Studies and Human Development. From that point, her research, teaching and writing have been interdisciplinary and focused on gender. She is a Professor Emerita of Cornell University, and lectures and writes about the experiences of adolescents through history until the present day. In the subject area of Gender Studies, she has written about boys and violence, and girls and body image.
Her 1987 book, Fasting Girls: The Emergence of Anorexia Nervosa as A Modern Disease won four major disciplinary awards: the Berkshire Book Prize (in women's history); the John Hope Franklin Prize ( in American Studies), the Eileen Basker Prize (in medical anthropology) and the Watson Davis Prize (in history of Science writing). Book Riot included it as one of the 100 best books in the history of medicine.
The Body Project: A History of American Girls (1997) was based on diaries written by adolescents from the pre Civil War Era until 1980s. Although the author admired certain Victorian protections for girls, she also urged a new code of sexual ethics for a post virginal age. The book received special recognition from Voice of Youth Advocates. Brumberg has also worked collaboratively with photographer Lauren Greenfield on Girl Culture (2002) and Thin (2006).
In light of the contemporary debates over the juvenile death penalty, she wrote Kansas Charley: The Boy Murderer (2004) which explored the case of an immigrant adolescent murderer who was hanged in Cheyenne, Wyoming in 1898. Brumberg research shows boys in early adolescence are not psychologically developed enough to be liable for their actions to the extent of an adult. Her work was used in arguments against the juvenile death penalty.
Her first book, Mission for Life: The Judson Family and American Evangelical Culture (1978) won Honorable Mention from The Society of Church History.
Brumberg was a John Simon Guggenheim Fellow and also had awards from the Rockefeller Foundation and the National Endowment for the Humanities. She was twice a fellow at the MacDowell Colony and is a fellow of the Society for American Historians. Brumberg was named a Stephen Weiss Presidential Fellow and Professor, an award given for excellence in undergraduate teaching.
# Guinee Airlines

Guinee Airlines was an airline based in Guinea. It was founded in 1999 and ceased operations again in 2004.

## Code data

Guinee Airlines operated its flight under
* IATA Code: J9
* ICAO Code: GIF
* Callsign: GUINEE AIRLINES

## Fleet

Guinee Airlines operated the following aircraft types:
* Boeing 737-100
* Boeing 737-200
# Drama Glacier

Drama Glacier (Bulgarian: ледник Драма, romanized: lednik Drama, IPA:) is the 10 km long and 1.5 km wide glacier in Petvar Heights on the east side of southern Sentinel Range in Ellsworth Mountains, Antarctica, which is situated north of Carey Glacier and Gabare Glacier, east of the east-northeast ridge of Mount Landolt, and south of Razboyna Glacier. It is draining east-northeastwards to join Rutford Ice Stream northeast of Long Peak.
The glacier is named after the settlement of Drama in Southeastern Bulgaria.

## Location

Drama Glacier is centred at 78°43′30″S 84°16′00″W﻿ / ﻿78.72500°S 84.26667°W﻿ / -78.72500; -84.26667. US mapping in 1961, updated in 1988.
# Markhoz

Markhoz (Persian: مرخز, also Romanized as Markhaz and Morkhoz; also known as Morkhvoz) is a village in Sara Rural District, in the Central District of Saqqez County, Kurdistan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 909, in 195 families. The village is populated by Kurds.
# Mezek

Mezek (Bulgarian: Мезек) is a village in southeastern Bulgaria, part of Svilengrad municipality, Haskovo Province. It lies at the foot of the eastern Rhodope Mountains, just north of the Bulgaria–Greece border and not far west of the Bulgaria–Turkey border. Mezek is famous for the well-preserved medieval Mezek Fortress (Neoutzikon - Νεούτζικον) and its two ancient Thracian beehive tombs, the Mezek and Sheynovets tombs. The village is also well known for its own winery and the Mezzek brand of Bulgarian wine.

## Fortress and Tomb

The Mezek Fortress, 6.5 decares (6,500 square metres) in area, is claimed to be among the best preserved Bulgarian medieval castles. It dates to the 11th century. Along with the Thracian tombs, it was studied by a team under archaeologist Bogdan Filov in 1931–1932. The castle has nine towers, five of which lie at the vulnerable south wall. The Mezek Fortress was built out of stone, with two decorative lines of bricks on the outside. It suffered some destruction around 1900, when stones from the fortress were used for the construction of Ottoman barracks in Svilengrad.
The Mezek Thracian tomb dates to the 4th century BC. It is a large, elongated tomb that includes a covered passage of 20.65 metres (67.7 ft), two rectangular antechambers of different size and a round burial chamber with a stone sarcophagus. The number of burials of noble Thracians in the tomb was no less than four. Gold, silver, bronze, iron and glass items and pottery discovered in the tomb are today displayed in the National Archaeological Museum in Sofia.

## Nature

There is an eco-trail Sheynovets peak starting at the center of the village. It's 7 km in length and requires around 6 hours for a return trip.
Mezek Peak in Imeon Range on Smith Island in the South Shetland Islands, Antarctica is named after Mezek.
# Qaleh-ye Mishvand

Qaleh-ye Mishvand (Persian: قلعه ميشوند, also Romanized as Qal‘eh-ye Mīshvand and Qal‘eh Mīshwand; also known as Mīshvand) is a village in Miyankuh-e Gharbi Rural District, in the Central District of Pol-e Dokhtar County, Lorestan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 216, in 40 families.
# St. Paul Aerodrome

St. Paul Aerodrome (TC LID: CEW3) is located 2 nautical miles (3.7 km; 2.3 mi) west of St. Paul, Alberta, Canada.