OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Jorgucat

Jorgucat (Albanian definite form: Jorgucati; Greek: Γεωργουτσάτι/Γεωργουτσάτες; romanized: Georgoutsáti/Georgoutsátes) is a village in Gjirokastër County, southern Albania. At the 2015 local government reform it became part of the municipality of Dropull. It is inhabited solely by Greeks.

## Demographics

In the Ottoman register of 1520 for the Sanjak of Avlona, Jorgucat (Gjerkucat) was attested a village in the timar under the authority of Ali from Damas. The village had a total of 71 households. The anthroponymy attested largely belonged to the Albanian onomastic sphere, characterised by personal names such as Bardh, Deda, Gjin, Laluç, Gurmir, Gjon, Kola, Leka and others.
According to Ottoman statistics, the village had 449 inhabitants in 1895. The village had 1,015 inhabitants in 1993, all ethnically Greeks.

## Location

The village Jorgucat is one of the main settlements in the southern part of Dropull valley. It's located between the villages of Zervat to the south and Grapsh to the north. Jorgucat is situated at a cross-road which joins Ioannina, Gjirokastër and Sarandë.

## Name

The village received its name Jorgucat (Georgoutsates) as the result of the conversion of a surname to a toponym. In particurlar the name Georgoutsates applies to the descendants of a certain Georgoutsos.

## History

According to a local tradition Jorgucat was once called Gonates, a village mentioned in the Chronicle of Gjirokastër during the reign of Byzantine Emperor Alexios Komnenos (11th century). However, this theory remains disputed. Other accounts claim that the foundation of the settlement dates back to the first years of Ottoman rule (15th century). The village under its current name is recorded in an Ottoman document of 1520. That year it consisted of 62 households.
Jorgucat suffered dramatic population decline from the 17th to the first half of the 19th century.
During 2014-2015 the village witnessed various instances of vandalism by Albanian nationalist element; such as the looting of the Hellenistic era tombs and the vandalism of the church of Saint George.

## Monastery of Prophet Elias

The Monastery of the Prophet Elias next to the village is situated on a natural elevation in the mountain range of Mali i Gjerë named Hilomodhi, on the Marantoraq peak. According to a local tradition the monastery was founded in the 12th century, supposedly built by giants. Documentary and architectural evidence, however, supports that the year of its foundation was 1545. The monastery was repaired and enlarged several times between the 17th and 19th centuries. In the 20th century it was closed down by the authorities of the Albanian state.

## Notable individuals

* Kosmas Thesprotos (c. 1780–1852), Greek scholar, priest and theologian
* Vangjel Tavo (17 December 1969), politician who was elected mayor of Himarë in 2024
# Kraków szopka

Kraków szopki or nativity scenes (crib, crèche) (Polish: szopka krakowska) are a Christmas tradition originating from Kraków, Poland, and dating back to the 19th century. An unusual and characteristic feature of the szopka is the use of historical buildings of Kraków as a backdrop for the Nativity of Jesus. In 2018, it was inscribed on the list of UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity.

## History

Nativity scenes, common in Christian cultures, originated with Saint Francis of Assisi in the 13th century and quickly spread to Poland. During the Middle Ages a specific type of nativity-based play, referred to as Jasełka, developed in Poland.
Some performers displayed their szopkas together with puppets in a form of street theatre. In some, movable puppets were replaced with immobile wooden figurines. At times subject-specific puppets or figurines were added to illustrate elements of Polish culture, ranging from historical figures like the winged hussars and Tadeusz Kościuszko, the legendary sorcerer Pan Twardowski and the Dragon of Wawel, to contemporary politicians and artists. In the 18th century the spread of such non-religious content led to a ban on more extravagant nativity scenes in some Polish churches; following the ban, the performances evolved into a true expression of folk art.
The szopka tradition dates back to the 19th century, when Kraków's craftsmen – masons, woodworkers – began to make them as a seasonal decoration in order to earn extra income during the winter. The custom grew in popularity, with people willing to pay to see szopka collections – often carried by door-to-door carollers – or to own them. Among the notable early patrons of the custom was the magnate family of Potoccy.
After Poland regained independence in 1918, szopkas started to be made and sold as souvenirs of Kraków. The city's municipal authorities decided to support this tradition by announcing the first competition in December 1937. Since then, except for the duration of the Second World War, the szopka presentation and tournament has taken place every year on the first Thursday of December, at the Main Market Square, Kraków, next to the Adam Mickiewicz Monument. The best szopkas are then displayed in the Historical Museum of Kraków in Krzysztofory Palace.

## Design

The ornate structures can be up to two meters high and three meters wide. The edifice most often used as inspiration for szopka models is St. Mary's Basilica, Kraków with its easily recognizable spires. Other popular choices include Wawel Castle, the Sukiennice trade hall, and the Barbican of Kraków.
Jesus's birth in Bethlehem is often shown on the second floor of the displays, as the first shows historical figures.
# Tatargina picta

Tatargina picta is a moth in the family Erebidae. Francis Walker first described it in 1865. It is found in China (Hainan, Guangdong, Yunnan, Guangxi) and Taiwan.
# Payra-sur-l'Hers

Payra-sur-l'Hers (French pronunciation: , literally Payra on the Hers; Occitan: Pairan) is a commune in the Aude department in southern France.
# Brodilovo

Brodilovo (Bulgarian: Бродилово, Greek: Πρόδιβο) is a remote village in the Strandzha (Strandja) mountains of southeastern Bulgaria, within the range of the national park preserve, and part of Tsarevo Municipality, Burgas Province. Lying on the left bank of the Veleka, as of 2005 it has a population of 363 and the mayor is Dimitar Dimitrov. Brodilovo is in a fertile valley ringed by mountains, located at 42°5′N 27°51′E﻿ / ﻿42.083°N 27.850°E﻿ / 42.083; 27.850, 56 metres above sea level, close to the sea, but 12 km south of the port of Tsarevo. The name of the village is derived from its location near a convenient river ford (Bulgarian: брод, brod). Historically a centre of Thracian folklore and artisans, there are many unexcavated sites close by, though there is no mapping of the numerous trails and watercourses, partly because of it being in a sensitive border area with Turkey.
Older forms of the name are attested as Beradiu, Brodivo, Pordrikoz; it was first mentioned in 1498 with relation to salt trade, and had Christian 34 households at the time. Until 12 July 1914 the village was inhabited by Greek nestinari, but following the Second Balkan War these moved out to be replaced by Bulgarian refugees from Eastern Thrace. The village's Eastern Orthodox Church of Saint Pantaleon was built in 1910 and features an external narthex; the iconostasis was manufactured and carved by a local carver called Giannis.
The village is known for the practice of dog spinning, a pagan ritual that historically was thought to prevent disease. Although officially banned in 2006 following criticism by animal welfare organizations, the practice persists despite continued controversy. However fire dancing and other Thracian customs including animal costumed funeral rites are still practiced. Folk singing with ancient roots also survives. As of 2014 the primary local transport is still overwhelmingly equine, with silent streets where children can play. The village hosts a summer vacation hostel for young schoolchildren. Local services include 2 restaurant bars, and a community shop, which includes local produce. A minibus provides twice daily connection with the port of Tsarevo. Being one of very few villages in close proximity to the coast with an outstandingly beautiful valley, it has recently been discovered by the outside world and some of the older Greek houses have undergone preservation by a few foreign owners. Partly favoured for its gentle micro climate, incredibly long summers and close proximity to the rugged black sea coast and unspoilt coves and beaches. The village represents a unique time capsule of rural life and skills, and benefits from the surrounding oak forested Strandzha Nature Park.
# Nándor Kovács

Nándor Kováts (May 18, 1881 – January 4, 1945) was a Hungarian track and field athlete and gymnast who competed in the 1906 Summer Olympics and in the 1908 Summer Olympics. He was born in Budapest. In 1906 he was a member of the Hungarian gymnastics team which finished sixth in the team all-around competition. He also participated in the 110 metre hurdles event but was eliminated in the first round. Two years later, he was eliminated in the semi-finals of the 400 metre hurdles competition after finishing third in his heat. He also participated in the 110 metre hurdles event but was eliminated in the first round. At the 1912 Games, he finished 26th in the Olympic long jump contest.
# Victoria Kennefick

Victoria Kennefick is an Irish poet. She has been an artist/poet/writer in residence for Cork County Council, University College Dublin and the Yeats Society. She has been a recipient of bursaries from the Arts Council of Ireland and Kerry County Council. Her collection Eat or We Both Starve won the Seamus Heaney Centre First Collection Poetry Prize, and was shortlisted for the T. S. Eliot Prize and Costa Book Award for Poetry.

## Background

Kennefick comes from Shanagarry, County Cork. She studied in University College Cork (UCC) and obtained a Fulbright scholarship, with terms attended in Emory University and Georgia College & State University. She holds a doctorate in American literature from UCC.
She was named Cork County Council writer-in-residence in December 2023.

## Personal life

Kennefick's father died while she was undertaking her doctoral work. Kennefick lives in Tralee, County Kerry, She has one child.

## Recognition and awards

Eat or We Both Starve won the Seamus Heaney Centre First Collection Poetry Prize, and was shortlisted for the T. S. Eliot Prize in 2021.
Her work was quoted on a Leaving Certificate exam paper in 2023.

## Works

* Kennefick, Victoria (2015). White Whale. Southward Editions. ISBN 9781905002405. OCLC 908450834.
* Kennefick, Victoria (2021). Eat or We Both Starve. Carcanet Press. ISBN 9781800170711. OCLC 1226763665.
* Kennefick, Victoria (2024). Egg/Shell. Carcanet Press. ISBN 9781800173842. OCLC 1410592356.
# Daniel G. Horvitz

Daniel Goodman Horvitz (March 4, 1921 – June 1, 2008) was an American survey statistician, best known for the eponymous Horvitz-Thompson estimator.

## Early life and career

Daniel (Dan) Horvitz was born in New Bedford, Massachusetts. He graduated with a B.S. in mathematics from the University of Massachusetts and earned a Ph.D. in statistics at Iowa State University in 1953.

## Horvitz-Thompson estimator

Horvitz (together with Donovan J. Thompson) co-authored in 1952 a research paper that introduced what was later called the Horvitz-Thompson estimator. In the paper, an unbiased estimator for a total is proposed, given a random sample without replacement with (possibly) unequal selection probabilities of the sample units. The authors also provide a formula for the variance of this estimator and a method to unbiasedly estimate this variance. The Horvitz-Thompson estimator is still in use in modern survey statistics; the paper was therefore regarded a landmark paper in survey statistics by the International Association of Survey Statisticians.

## Later career

Over the years, Horvitz taught at the University of Pittsburgh, at North Carolina State University and at UNC-Chapel Hill. In 1962, he joined the Research Triangle Institute (today RTI International), rising to executive vice president in 1983. During his time with RTI, Horvitz was involved in the design of several large scale survey projects, e.g. the National Assessment of Educational Progress, and contributed to the advancement of the Randomized Response technique to achieve reliable survey estimates for sensitive questions.
In 1990, when the National Institute of Statistical Sciences was founded, Horvitz served as the interim director. He was a former vice president and fellow of the American Statistical Association and received the Distinguished Service Award of the National Institute of Statistical Sciences.

## Private life

Dan Horvitz was actively engaged in Jewish communities. He was a former trustee and president of the Blumenthal Jewish Home, now in Greensboro, North Carolina and a president (1988–1990) of the Jewish Federation of Raleigh-Cary. He died June 1, 2008, in Boca Raton, Florida, and was survived by his children Barbara, Gary and Paul.
# Sayn-Wittgenstein-Wittgenstein

Sayn-Wittgenstein-Wittgenstein was a county of the Sauerland of Germany. Sayn-Wittgenstein-Wittgenstein was a partition of Sayn-Wittgenstein, comprising the southern portion of the Wittgenstein County. In 1657, it was partitioned into Sayn-Wittgenstein-Hohenstein and Sayn-Wittgenstein-Vallendar.

## Counts of Sayn-Wittgenstein-Wittgenstein (1607–1657)

* Louis II (1607–34)
* John (1634–57)

## Properties

* Wittgenstein Castle (near Bad Laasphe) in 1903
* Laasphe and Wittgenstein Castle in 1655
50°55′N 8°24′E﻿ / ﻿50.917°N 8.400°E﻿ / 50.917; 8.400
* This North Rhine-Westphalia location article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
* This German history article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
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* t
* e
# Khamba people

The Khamba or Khemba, are a people who inhabit the Yang-Sang-Chu valley of Arunachal Pradesh, near the borders with Tibet and China. Within the valley, they live in the villages Yorton, Lango, Tashigong, Nyukong and Mangkota.
The Khamba are adherents of Tibetan Buddhism and use Hingna, their own script, which is based on the Tibetan script. However, due to relative isolation from Tibet and occasional contacts with the Adi tribes, they are also somewhat influenced by the Donyi-Polo faith in their beliefs. In every village there will be a Buddhist Lama. Festivals that are celebrated are parallel with the Memba, which includes Losar, the Tibetan New Year.

## Lifestyle

Wheat and maize are principal crops cultivated by the Khamba. Their houses, which are made from stone and wood, are based on a structure that strongly resembles the Monpa.
# Dmytro Krivtsov

Dmytro Krivtsov (Ukrainian: Дмитро Іванович Кривцов; born 3 April 1985) is a Ukrainian former professional road bicycle racer, who rode professionally between 2007 and 2016. He currently works as a directeur sportif for UCI Continental team Eurocar GS Cycling Team.
Dmytro's older brother Yuriy Krivtsov was a part of the Lampre–ISD squad. Krivtsov was part of the Lampre–ISD team in the 2012 Tour de France, his Grand Tour début.

## Major results
### 2006

    3rd Road race, National Under-23 Road Championships

### 2007

    3rd La Roue Tourangelle
    4th Mayor Cup
    7th Road race, UEC European Under-23 Road Championships
    10th Overall Ronde de l'Oise

### 2008

    Tour de Ribas
       1st Stages 1 & 3
    3rd Overall Grand Prix of Donetsk
       1st Stage 2
    3rd Overall Five Rings of Moscow
    4th Mayor Cup
    6th La Roue Tourangelle
    7th Memorial Oleg Dyachenko

### 2012

    2nd Road race, National Road Championships

### 2013

    8th Overall Tour of China II
    8th Central European Tour Košice–Miskolc
    8th Tour of Almaty

### 2014

    3rd Road race, National Road Championships
    5th Grand Prix of Moscow
    5th Race Horizon Park 3
    6th Memorial Oleg Dyachenko
    7th Mayor Cup

### 2015

    9th Krasnodar–Anapa
    9th Maykop–Ulyap–Maykop
    10th Overall Grand Prix of Adygeya

### 2016

    8th Minsk Cup
    10th Race Horizon Park Classic
# Anti-Hijacking Act, 2016

The Anti-Hijacking Act, 2016 is an Act of the Parliament of India intended to enforce the Hague Hijacking Convention and the 2010 Beijing Protocol Supplementary to the Convention. The Act repeals and replaces The Anti-Hijacking Act, 1982. The new Act broadens the definition of hijacking to include any attempt to seize or gain control of an aircraft using "any technological means", which accounts for the possibility that the hijackers may not be physically present on board the aircraft.

## Background

The Narendra Modi administration believed that The Anti-Hijacking Act, 1982 was not comprehensive enough to deal with modern-day hijack techniques, did not penalize individuals who made false hijack threats, and had weak penalties that did not serve as sufficient deterrent to potential hijackers.

## Legislative history

The Anti-Hijacking Bill, 2014 (Bill No. LIII of 2014) was introduced in the Rajya Sabha on 17 December 2014 by the Minister of Civil Aviation, Ashok Gajapathi Raju. The bill was referred to the Parliamentary Standing Committee on Transport, Tourism and Culture on 29 December, and the Committee submitted its report on 11 March 2015. The bill as recommended by the Committee was passed by the Rajya Sabha on 4 May 2016 and by the Lok Sabha on 9 May 2016. The bill received assent from then President Pranab Mukherjee on 13 May 2016, and was notified in The Gazette of India on 16 May 2016. The Act came into force on 5 July 2017.
# Ekkehard Schulz (sailor)

Ekkehard Schulz (born 10 June 1958) is a German sailor. He competed in the men's 470 event at the 1988 Summer Olympics.
# Pyershamayskaya (Minsk Metro)

Pyershamayskaya (Belarusian: Першамайская; Russian: Первомайская; lit: "1st May station") is a Minsk Metro station. It was opened on 28 May 1991.
# Ansar Al Mawadda SC

Ansar Al Mawadda Sporting Club (Arabic: نادي انصار المودة الرياضي) is a football club based in Tabbaneh, a district in Tripoli, Lebanon, that competes in the Lebanese Fourth Division and is primarily supported by the Druze community.
Established in 1968 as Racing Hazmieh (Arabic: راسينغ حازمية), the club's licence was bought by Al Shabab Al Arabi Club Beirut (Arabic: نادي الشباب العربي بيروت) in 2005, before changing their name to Ansar Al Mawadda in 2019. Their first and only participation in the Lebanese Premier League was in the 2017–18 season, having won the 2016–17 Lebanese Second Division.

## History

Founded in 1968 as Racing Hazmieh (Arabic: راسينغ حازمية), in 2005 Al Shabab Al Arabi Club Beirut (Arabic: نادي الشباب العربي بيروت) bought the licence of the former club. In 2010 they won the Lebanese Fourth Division title, moving to the Third Division. In 2016, they moved to the Second Division and the following year they promoted to the Lebanese Premier League for the first time in their history. Their stay didn't last long, as in 2018 they were relegated back to the Second Division, before being relegated the following year to the Third Division.
In 2019, the club was purchased by Al Ansar FC president Nabil Badr, who transferred the team from Beirut to Tripoli and renamed it Ansar Al Mawadda Sporting Club (Arabic: نادي انصار المودة الرياضي).

## Honours

* Lebanese Second Division
** Winners (1): 2016–17
# Lipniki, Maków County

Lipniki is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Czerwonka, within Maków County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately 4 kilometres (2 mi) east of Czerwonka, 12 km (7 mi) east of Maków Mazowiecki, and 78 km (48 mi) north of Warsaw.
# Lipniki, Ostrołęka County

Lipniki is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Łyse, within Ostrołęka County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately 28 kilometres (17 mi) north of Ostrołęka and 127 km (79 mi) north of Warsaw. Established in 1663 by Wiśniewski, a settler from Piotrków Trybunalski, Lipniki is the oldest historically documented village in the Kurpie region of Poland.

## Name

The name "Lipniki" most likely comes from the Polish "lipa," or linden tree, which grow in abundance in the village and environs. Apparently Wiśniewski was inspired by the pleasant odor of the linden trees and named the settlement accordingly. There are however those who claim that the name comes from a variety of shoes made from linden wood called "Lipnioki."

## Historical structures

Among structures considered historically significant are:
* Sacred Heart Parish Church (built 1837–1843 in neo-Baroque style)
* Active Cemetery (chapel, gate, and wrought-iron crosses all dating to the 19th Century)
* Cholera Cemetery (no longer active) from the 19th Century
* 2 19th-Century wooden windmills
* 19th-Century Figure of Saint Roch

## History

The founder of Lipniki was a man named Wiśniewski, supposedly a nobleman, who was an escapee from the settlement of Piotrków Trybunalski. Having escaped either from a court sentence or from vicious rumors, he established a settlement in 1663. 10 years later he applied to the Starostwo for the right to establish the settlement as the village of Lipniki. He also had to appeal to the Royal Beekeeping Society and accept the so-called "Prawo Bartne" or "Beekeeper's Laws." This was a set of laws governing the production and sale of honey, wax, and related products, which were a chief product of this region and were particularly valuable to the noble class at the time.
# Lipniki, Węgrów County

Lipniki is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Korytnica, within Węgrów County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately 4 kilometres (2 mi) north-west of Korytnica, 16 km (10 mi) west of Węgrów, and 60 km (37 mi) north-east of Warsaw.
# Lipno, Przysucha County

Lipno is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Przysucha, within Przysucha County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately 2 kilometres (1 mi) west of Przysucha and 99 km (62 mi) south of Warsaw.