OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Rubin Braunstein

Rubin Braunstein (1922–2018) was an American physicist and educator. In 1955 he published the first measurements of light emission by semiconductor diodes made from crystals of gallium arsenide (GaAs), gallium antimonide (GaSb), and indium phosphide (InP). GaAs, GaSb, and InP are examples of III-V semiconductors. The III-V semiconductors absorb and emit light much more strongly than silicon, which is the best-known semiconductor. Braunstein's devices are the forerunners of contemporary LED lighting and semiconductor lasers, which typically employ III-V semiconductors. The 2000 and 2014 Nobel Prizes in Physics were awarded for further advances in closely related fields.

## Early life & education

Braunstein was raised in New York City. He earned a doctorate in physics from Syracuse University in 1954.

## Career

After university, he joined the research laboratory of the RCA Corporation, which was among the most active industrial laboratories at the time. In the following decade at RCA Laboratories he published broadly on semiconductor physics and technology. Beyond his seminal work with light emission from III-V semiconductors, in 1964 he exploited newly invented lasers to publish the first paper on two-photon absorption in semiconductors. Typically, only individual photons (particles of light) with some minimum energy are absorbed by a given semiconductor. For very high intensity beams of light, two photons, each with half that minimum energy, can be absorbed simultaneously. He also published highly cited foundation papers on the electronic, optical, and vibrational properties of III-V semiconductors, silicon, and germanium.
In 1964 Braunstein became a professor of physics at University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), where he remained for the rest of his career. His research there continued his RCA work with optoelectronic properties of semiconductors as well as contributions related to the optical properties of highly transparent materials such as tungstate glasses. Some of Braunstein's work was theoretical, including the proposal that neutral atoms could be scattered by a sufficiently intense standing wave of light. Since light is an electromagnetic wave, it had long been known that charged particles like electrons would be scattered. The effect with neutral atoms is much weaker, but was finally observed nearly 20 years after the proposal of Braunstein and his co-authors.
Braunstein was selected as a Fellow of the American Physical Society in 1964.
# 1969 Ballon d'Or

The 1969 Ballon d'Or, given to the best football player in Europe as judged by a panel of sports journalists from UEFA member countries, was awarded to the Italian midfielder Gianni Rivera (Milan) on 23 December 1969. There were 26 voters, from Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, Denmark, East Germany, England, Finland, France, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Republic of Ireland, Romania, Soviet Union, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, West Germany and Yugoslavia. Rivera became the second Italian to win the award, after Omar Sívori in 1961. He was also the first Milan player to win the trophy.

## Rankings

| Rank | Name | Club(s) | Nationality | Points |
| 1 | Gianni Rivera | Milan | Italy | 83 |
| 2 | Gigi Riva | Cagliari | Italy | 79 |
| 3 | Gerd Müller | Bayern Munich | West Germany | 38 |
| 4 | Johan Cruyff | Ajax | Netherlands | 30 |
| 4 | Ove Kindvall | Feyenoord | Sweden | 30 |
| 6 | George Best | Manchester United | Northern Ireland | 21 |
| 7 | Franz Beckenbauer | Bayern Munich | West Germany | 18 |
| 8 | Pierino Prati | Milan | Italy | 17 |
| 9 | Petar Zhekov | CSKA Sofia | Bulgaria | 14 |
| 10 | Jack Charlton | Leeds United | England | 10 |
| 11 | Albert Shesternyov | CSKA Moscow | Soviet Union | 8 |
| 12 | Dragan Džajić | Red Star Belgrade | Yugoslavia | 6 |
| 13 | Francis Lee | Manchester City | England | 4 |
| 13 | Martin Peters | West Ham United | England | 4 |
| 15 | Jozef Adamec | Spartak Trnava | Czechoslovakia | 3 |
| 15 | Bobby Charlton | Manchester United | England | 3 |
| 15 | Angelo Sormani | Milan | Italy | 3 |
| 18 | Ferenc Bene | Újpest | Hungary | 2 |
| 18 | Andrej Kvašňák | KRC Mechelen | Czechoslovakia | 2 |
| 18 | Louis Pilot | Standard Liège | Luxembourg | 2 |
| 18 | Giorgos Sideris | Olympiacos | Greece | 2 |
| 18 | Manuel Velázquez | Real Madrid | Spain | 2 |
| 23 | Billy Bremner | Leeds United | Scotland | 1 |
| 23 | Kazimierz Deyna | Legia Warsaw | Poland | 1 |
| 23 | Mimis Domazos | Panathinaikos | Greece | 1 |
| 23 | Gilbert Gress | VfB Stuttgart | France | 1 |
| 23 | Jimmy Johnstone | Celtic | Scotland | 1 |
| 23 | Włodzimierz Lubański | Górnik Zabrze | Poland | 1 |
| 23 | Vladimir Muntyan | Dynamo Kyiv | Soviet Union | 1 |
| 23 | Wilfried Van Moer | Standard Liège | Belgium | 1 |
| 23 | Ivo Viktor | Dukla Prague | Czechoslovakia | 1 |
# Paroria (region)

Paroria (Bulgarian: Парория, Greek: Παρορία) is a protected area in the Strandzha Mountains of southeastern Bulgaria. It is known for its old-growth forests and also for being a 14th-century monastic center led by Gregory of Sinai and his disciples such as Romylos of Vidin. The Serbian monk Grigorije of Gornjak also lived in Paroria.
Paroriais located just to the west of the villages of Zabernovo and Kalovo in Malko Tarnovo Municipality, Burgas Province (less than 30 km from the border with Turkey).

## Monasticism

Paroria is known for being a Christian monastic center in the 14th century. During the mid-1300s, Gregory of Sinai moved from Mount Athos to Paroria with his disciples in order to practice hesychasm. The Bulgarian emperor Ivan Alexander (reigned 1331–1371) gave refuge to Gregory of Sinai and provided funds for the construction of a monastery in Paroria, which attracted clerics from Bulgaria, Byzantium, and Serbia. Gregory founded the monastery in 1330 and died in Paroria in 1346.
Throughout the 14th century, Paroria had many bandits who regularly harassed the local monks, although imperial intervention had often helped to ameliorate the situation.
During that time, Paroria became second only to Mount Athos in its importance as a center for the practice and dissemination of hesychasm. However, by the 15th century, Paroria was abandoned by Christian monks as they moved to Kilifarevo Monastery [bg] in Kilifarevo (near Trnovo) and other locations, due to continual raids by the Ottoman Turks.
Today, Paroria Monastery [bg]'s ruins can be found in a few different sites at Paroria, including in Voden [bg], Bolyarovo.
# Maringues

Maringues (French pronunciation:; Occitan: Maringas) is a commune in the Puy-de-Dôme department in Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes in central France.
# Timo Pieni Huijaus

Timo Juhani Snellman (born June 2, 1982), professionally known as Timo Pieni Huijaus (Timo The Little Hoax), is a Finnish rapper and fashion designer.

## Career beginnings

Timo Pieni Huijaus comes from a family with musical background. He has been inspired by hip hop music since the early 1990s, and in 1996, after getting his first computer, he started to create his own music. At first he was touring with bands like Fintelligens and Kapasiteettiyksikkö, using a pseudonym Ii. In addition to his musical career, he has also worked as a fashion designer and graphic designer.
Rähinä Records released a mixtape E.T.T.E. by Timo Pieni Huijaus and Elastinen in 2006. Timo Pieni Huijaus has also appeared on compilation albums and as a featured guest on albums by such rap acts as Uniikki and Trilogia.

## Commercial success

In August 2008, Timo Pieni Huijaus and Pyhimys released an album Arvoitus koko ihminen, which peaked at number 16 on the Official Finnish Album Chart. His first solo album Emävale followed in November 2010. The album peaked at number 11 on the Official Finnish Album Chart and featured guest appearances by fellow rappers such as Elastinen, Illi and Joniveli.
Timo Pieni Huijaus released his second solo album Kaikki loppuu in March 2012. Again Elastinen and Illi appeared as featured guests, along with Andu, Tasis and JVG. The album peaked at number nine on the Official Album Chart and also featured his first song to appear on the Official Finnish Singles Chart, "Pleiboi", which peaked at number 15.

## Selected discography
### Albums

| Year | Album | Peak positions |
| Year | Album | FIN |
| 2008 | Arvoitus koko ihminen (joint with Pyhimys) | 16 |
| 2011 | Emävale | 11 |
| 2012 | Kaikki loppuu | 9 |

### Mixtapes

| Year | Title | Peak position |
| Year | Title | FIN |
| 2006 | E.T.T.E. (joint with Elastinen) | – |

### Singles

| Year | Title | Peak position | Album |
| Year | Title | FIN | Album |
| 2011 | "Pleiboi" | 15 | Kaikki loppuu |
| 2012 | "Paratiisi" | – | Kaikki loppuu |

### As a featured artist
#### Featured in

| Year | Title | Peak position | Album |
| Year | Title | FIN | Album |
| 2013 | "Loppuviikko" (Elastinen featuring Uniikki, Timo Pieni Huijaus, Tasis & Spekti) | 12 | Joka päivä koko päivä |
* "Yritän" by Trilogia (2004)
* "This Town (Remix)" by Brandon (2004)
* "Pohjalt" by Uniikki (2005)
* "Yksinäisyyden ja yhtenäisyyden vuori" by Asa (2006)
* "Nippusiteitä ja mustaa teippii" by Elastinen (2007)
* "Turhia murheita" by Fintelligens (2008)
* "Riktiga ting" by Redrama (2009)
* "Jatkan matkaa" by Brädi (2010)
* "Mitä jos" by Mikael Gabriel (2011)
* "Kasarin lapsi" by Jare & VilleGalle (2011)
* "Yöeläin" by Flegmaatikot (2012)
# Teulat

Teulat (French pronunciation:; Occitan: Taulat, meaning tiled roof) is a commune in the Tarn department in southern France.

## Monuments

* City hall
* Chapel st.Marint
* Bell gable
# List of ecoregions in Peru

This is a list of ecoregions in Peru.

## Terrestrial

Peru is in the Neotropical realm. Ecoregions are listed by biome.

### Tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests

* Bolivian Yungas
* Eastern Cordillera Real montane forests
* Iquitos várzea
* Napo moist forests
* Peruvian Yungas
* Solimões–Japurá moist forests
* Southwest Amazon moist forests
* Ucayali moist forests

### Tropical and subtropical dry broadleaf forests

* Marañón dry forests
* Tumbes–Piura dry forests

### Montane grasslands and shrublands

* Central Andean dry puna
* Central Andean puna
* Central Andean wet puna
* Cordillera Central páramo

### Deserts and xeric shrublands

* Atacama Desert
* Sechura Desert

### Mangroves

* Gulf of Guayaquil–Tumbes mangroves
* Piura mangroves

## Marine

Peru is at the intersection of two marine realms, Temperate South America and the Tropical Eastern Pacific.

### Temperate South America

* Central Peru
* Humboldtian

### Tropical Eastern Pacific

* Guayaquil
# 1971 Ballon d'Or

The 1971 Ballon d'Or, given to the best football player in Europe as judged by a panel of sports journalists from UEFA member countries, was awarded to Johan Cruyff on 28 December 1971.
Cruyff was the first Dutch national to win the award, and also the first Ajax player to win the trophy.

## Rankings

| Rank | Player | Club(s) | Nationality | Points |
| 1 | Johan Cruyff | Ajax | Netherlands | 116 |
| 2 | Sandro Mazzola | Internazionale | Italy | 57 |
| 3 | George Best | Manchester United | Northern Ireland | 56 |
| 4 | Günter Netzer | Borussia Mönchengladbach | West Germany | 30 |
| 5 | Franz Beckenbauer | Bayern Munich | West Germany | 27 |
| 6 | Gerd Müller | Bayern Munich | West Germany | 18 |
| 6 | Josip Skoblar | Marseille | Yugoslavia | 18 |
| 8 | Martin Chivers | Tottenham Hotspur | England | 12 |
| 9 | Piet Keizer | Ajax | Netherlands | 9 |
| 10 | Bobby Moore | West Ham United | England | 7 |
| 10 | Ferenc Bene | Újpest | Hungary | 7 |
| 12 | Yevhen Rudakov | Dynamo Kyiv | Soviet Union | 6 |
| 13 | Giacinto Facchetti | Internazionale | Italy | 4 |
| 13 | Mimis Domazos | Panathinaikos | Greece | 4 |
| 15 | Pirri | Real Madrid | Spain | 3 |
| 15 | Dragan Džajić | Red Star Belgrade | Yugoslavia | 3 |
| 15 | Berti Vogts | Borussia Mönchengladbach | West Germany | 3 |
| 18 | Terry Cooper | Leeds United | England | 2 |
| 18 | Francis Lee | Manchester City | England | 2 |
| 18 | Wolfgang Overath | 1. FC Köln | West Germany | 2 |
| 18 | Wilfried Van Moer | Standard Liège | Belgium | 2 |
| 22 | Bobby Charlton | Manchester United | England | 1 |
| 22 | Albert Shesternyov | CSKA Moscow | Soviet Union | 1 |
# Curetes (tribe)

In Greek mythology and epic literature, the Curetes (Ancient Greek: Κουρῆτες) were legendary people who took part in the quarrel over the Calydonian boar. Strabo mentioned that the Curetes were assigned multiple identities and places of origin (i.e. either Acarnanians, Aetolians, from Crete, or from Euboea). However, he clarified the identity of the Curetes and regarded them solely as Aetolians. Dionysius of Halicarnassus mentioned the Curetes as the old name of the Aetolians.
# Turgut Aykaç

Türgüt Aykaç (born January 1, 1958, in Adana) is a former boxer from Turkey. At the 1984 Summer Olympics, he won the bronze medal in the men's featherweight division (– 57 kg), alongside Omar Catari of Venezuela. In the semifinals he was defeated by eventual silver medalist Peter Konyegwachie of Nigeria.
He began boxing 1975 in Adanaspor and fought 27 times in the national team. He was one of the three Turkish boxers along with Eyüp Can and Malik Beyleroğlu, who won the first Olympic medals in boxing for Turkey. They were also Turkey's first Olympic medals in other sport than wrestling.

## Olympic results

* 1st round bye
* Defeated Raul Trapero (Spain) 5-0
* Defeated Abraham Mieses (Dominican Republic) RSC 3
* Defeated Mohamed Hegazy (Egypt) RSC 1
* Lost to Peter Konyegwachie (Nigeria) 0-5
# Eraslan Doruk

Eraslan Doruk (born 10 September 1949) is a Turkish boxer. He competed in the men's lightweight event at the 1972 Summer Olympics. At the 1972 Summer Olympics, he beat Luis Rodriguez and Khaidavyn Altankhuyag before losing to Alfonso Pérez.
# Tan Meiyun

Tan Meiyun (born 11 February 1978) is a Chinese lightweight rower.
At the 2000 World Rowing Championships in Zagreb, Croatia, she won a bronze medal in the lightweight women's quadruple sculls. At the 2003 World Rowing Championships in Milan, Italy, she won a gold medal in the lightweight women's quadruple sculls. At the next world championships in 2004 in Banyoles in Catalonia, Spain, she defended her world championship title in that boat class.
# Let Me In

Let Me In may refer to:

## Fiction

* Let Me In (film), a 2010 American-British adaptation of the 2004 novel Let the Right One In by John Ajvide Lindqvist
** Let Me In: Crossroads, a limited comic book series, a prequel based on the film, by Marc Andreyko
* Let Me In, a 2016 film produced by and starring Alicia Keys

## Music
### Albums

* Let Me In (Chely Wright album) or the title song, 1997
* Let Me In (Johnny Winter album) or the title song, 1991
* Let Me In: Original Motion Picture Soundtrack, from the 2010 film
* Let Me In (Hollyn Cole extended play) or the title song, 2016

### Songs

* "Let Me In" (Eddie Money song), 1989
* "Let Me In" (Hot Hot Heat song), 2007
* "Let Me In" (The Osmonds song), 1973
* "Let Me In" (The Sensations song), 1961
* "Let Me In" (Tom Dice song), 2013
* "Let Me In" (Young Buck song), 2004
* "Let Me In", by Beatsteaks from Living Targets, 2002
* "Let Me In", by Derringer from Derringer, 1976
* "Let Me In", by Exo from Exist, 2023
* "Let Me In", by Eyes Set to Kill from Broken Frames, 2010
* "Let Me In", by H.E.R. from H.E.R., 2017
* "Let Me In", by Kleerup, 2014
* "Let Me In", by Kristine W from Land of the Living, 1996
* "Let Me In", by Loona from HaSeul, 2016
* "Let Me In", by Mike Francis, 1984
* "Let Me In", by R.E.M. from Monster, 1994
* "Let Me In (20 Cube)", by Enhypen from Border: Day One, 2020
# Slavyanovo

Slavyanovo (Bulgarian: Славяново) is a town in the Pleven Municipality, in Pleven Province, Bulgaria.
It lies in the Danubian Plain, to the north-northeast of Pleven. As of December 2009, it had a population of 4,422. The mayor is Asen Bachev. The town is located at 43°28′N 24°52′E﻿ / ﻿43.467°N 24.867°E﻿ / 43.467; 24.867, 114 metres above sea level.
Slavyanovo's old name is Turski Trastenik (Турски Тръстеник) and it existed in the 18th century. It was officially declared a town in 1974. Slavyanovo is a partner of German town Kaiserslautern. The population is mainly Eastern Orthodox and there is a church, but at least in the 1930s there was also a small Protestant community. Most residents are Bulgarians, though the town has a growing Roma population, also presently living descendants of Crimean Tatars.

## Gallery

* Hristo Botev School (1912)
* An inner yard
* Local DSK Bank office
* Private milk factory
# PARRY

PARRY was an early example of a chatbot, implemented in 1972 by psychiatrist Kenneth Colby.

## History

PARRY was written in 1972 by psychiatrist Kenneth Colby, then at Stanford University. While ELIZA was a simulation of a Rogerian therapist, PARRY attempted to simulate a person with paranoid schizophrenia. The program implemented a crude model of the behavior of a person with paranoid schizophrenia based on concepts, conceptualizations, and beliefs (judgements about conceptualizations: accept, reject, neutral). It also embodied a conversational strategy, and as such was a much more serious and advanced program than ELIZA. It was described as "ELIZA with attitude".
PARRY was tested in the early 1970s using a variation of the Turing Test. A group of experienced psychiatrists analysed a combination of real patients and computers running PARRY through teleprinters. Another group of 33 psychiatrists were shown transcripts of the conversations. The two groups were then asked to identify which of the "patients" were human and which were computer programs. The psychiatrists were able to make the correct identification only 48 percent of the time — a figure consistent with random guessing.
PARRY and ELIZA (also known as "the Doctor") interacted several times. The most famous of these exchanges occurred at the ICCC 1972, where PARRY and ELIZA were hooked up over ARPANET and responded to each other.
# Francesco Angelo Facchini

Francesco Angelo Facchini (October 24, 1788 – October 6, 1852) was an Italian naturalist and doctor.

## Biography

Facchini was born in 1788 in Forno (present-day Moena) to Domenico and Margherita Degaudenz. He obtained a medical degree in 1815. In his medical career, he supported the use of bloodletting and dieting to manage medical conditions. He also studied the natural sciences, and became involved in botany and geology, specifically studying the geology and flora of the Fassa and Fiemme valleys. He died in 1852 of stomach cancer in Trento.
# Gorichane Glacier

Gorichane Glacier (Bulgarian: ледник Горичане, romanized: lednik Gorichane, IPA:) is the 4.5 km long and 1.7 km wide glacier on Brabant Island in the Palmer Archipelago, Antarctica, situated east-southeast of Palilula Glacier, southwest of the head of Paré Glacier, west-northwest of the head of Laënnec Glacier, northwest of the head of Malpighi Glacier and north of Djerassi Glacier. It drains the west slopes of central Stribog Mountains and flows southwestwards into Lanusse Bay east of Baykal Point.
The glacier is named after the settlement of Gorichane in Northeastern Bulgaria.

## Location

Gorichane Glacier is centred at 64°12′00″S 62°25′40″W﻿ / ﻿64.20000°S 62.42778°W﻿ / -64.20000; -62.42778. British mapping in 1980 and 2008.
# The Phasian Bird

The Phasian Bird is a 1948 novel by the English writer Henry Williamson.

## Plot

Set in Norfolk during World War II, the novel interweaves the stories of a hybrid pheasant and an artist-turned-farmer who experiments with new cultivation methods.

## Reception

Kirkus Reviews wrote that "Mr. Williamson writes knowingly but without any particular stimulation and his story rarely comes to life". Nature wrote that Williamson used his "well-known vivid style" in "a picture of endless effort to cultivate the stern land, of despair and bitter frustration, of endurance and grim determination that win through".
# Hakadal Station

Hakadal/Varingskollen Station (Norwegian: Hakadal stasjon) is located on the Gjøvik Line at Hakadal in Norway. The station was opened as Hakedal in 1900 as a stop for passengers and freight, two years ahead of the opening of the Gjøvik Line in 1902. In 1971, the station became fully automatized and remote controlled. There is no ticket machine at the station.

## Sources

* Entry at Jernbaneverket (in English)
* Entry at the Norwegian Railway Club (in Norwegian)
| Preceding station | | | | Following station |
| Åneby | Gjøvik Line | Gjøvik Line | Gjøvik Line | Harestua Stryken |
| Preceding station | Local trains | Local trains | Local trains | Following station |
| Nittedal | R31 | Oslo S–Jaren | | Harestua |
* This Norwegian railway station-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
# Asovo

Asovo (Russian: Асово) is a rural locality (a selo) and the administrative center of Asovskoye Rural Settlement, Beryozovsky District, Perm Krai, Russia. The population was 826 as of 2010. There are 14 streets.

## Geography

It is located 25 km south-east from Beryozovka.
# Ginka Gyurova

Ginka Gyurova (Bulgarian: Гинка Гюрова, born 15 April 1954) is a Bulgarian rower who competed in the 1976 Summer Olympics and in the 1980 Summer Olympics.
In 1976 she was a crew member of the Bulgarian boat which won the silver medal in the coxed fours event. Four years later she won her second silver medal with the Bulgarian boat in the 1980 coxed fours competition.