OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Donkey Squads (Korean War)

The Donkeys were a partisan force during the Korean War that consisted of anti-communist North Korean defectors who engaged in guerrilla warfare, long-range penetration, and search and rescue POWs. The fighters were formed under the United Nations Partisan Infantry Forces. Guerrillas had a huge impact on the United States effort in North Korea. In the end, these partisan forces conducted 4,445 actions in North Korea that led to the capture of 950 prisoners, 5,000 weapons, 2,700 destroyed vehicles, 80 bridges demolished, 69,000 casualties (dead and wounded), 3,189 guerrilla deaths, and only four American advisers were KIA. Furthermore, according to the 5th Air Force, of the 93 pilots who had been shot down and evaded capture between July 1950 and January 1952, guerrilla fighters rescued 29.

## Origins

During the Korean War, The Chief of Intelligence of the United States Far East Command (FECOM), Major General Charles A. Willoughby had been receiving unconfirmed reports of a guerrilla resistance. It was not until Jan. 8, 1951, when the U.S. Eighth Army found roughly 10,000 partisans in the Hwanghae Province. These fighters had withdrawn to the Hwange Province after China entered the war and the forces of the United Nations had withdrawn.
Once this intelligence had been confirmed, Colonel John McGee was sent to manage a partisan operation. After receiving a report from Major William Burke that partisan groups occupied five islands, Colonel McGee made a plan that these partisan groups would be trained and equipped by Americans. These partisan groups, as described by Colonel McGee, "were a colorful group of fighters ranging in age from youths to elderly men."
Once these groups became organized in the 8240th Army Unit, they called themselves "donkeys." There are three ideas as to the origin of the name. One theory is that a donkey symbolizes traits of their force like sturdy, patient and mean. Another idea is that they supposedly looked like they were riding donkeys when they operated a crank-driven generator.

## Examples of "Donkey" Squads

Donkey-1: First "Donkey" squad to return to mainland North Korea. On March 3, 1951, under the leadership of Chang Jae Hwa - a former merchant - 37 partisans moved to Hwang-ju and Sari-won in order to receive information on enemy movements. The results of this mission were 280 enemies killed and telephone wires and railroad links cut.
Donkey-4 (White Tigers): Donkey-4 was a band of 4,000 guerrilla units under the leadership of, in 1952 lieutenant, Colonel Ben S. Malcom. On July 13, 1952, Pak Chol asked 1st Lieutenant Malcom that they needed to take out a 76 mm gun the North Koreans were using to harass the partisan base located at Wollae-do. This mission was a success, for they destroyed the gun and only lost six partisans and had seven others wounded.
# Carmen Juares

Carmen Juares Palma (born 1986) is a Spanish-Honduran activist and social educator. She was a founder and the co-ordinator of Dones Migrant Diverses that looks after migrant caregivers. There are estimated to be 34,000 of these exploited caregivers in Barcelona who live outside the conditions given to workers who are legally employed. Juares was a caregiver for six years on duty for the whole week except for twelve or less hours of free time.

## Life

Juares was born in Alianza in Honduras in 1986. She lived near Tegucigalpa and it was a violent country. It was not safe to sit in a public place. Her father was killed and she arrived in Spain when she was nineteen.
She lives in Catalonia and speaks Catalan. She says that she has more freedom to go out than she did in Honduras but people make assumptions about her. They assume she cannot speak Catalan and men assume that she may be easily persuaded, by money, to have sex. She does value her increased freedom and is happy to see men kissing each other in public without fear, but she wants to see equality for migrants.
She co-founded the organisation Dones Migrant Diverses that campaigns for rights of migrant caregivers. She became the organisation's coordinator.
In 2018, the Spanish actress Leticia Dolera was asked to open the La Mercè festival in September in Barcelona. Dolera had just published her book about feminism Morder la manzana. La revolución será feminista o no será. Dolera shared her time at the opening with Juares. Juares thanked Dolera for allowing her to reveal the "invisible". Juares told the crowd about her life as a migrant from Honduras, who had spent six years in Barcelona as a caregiver. Juares had cared for a woman with dementia in conditions that many would regard as slavery. Each week she had twelve or less hours when she wasn't working.
Barcelona council have estimated that there are 34,000 migrants in a similar situation working as live-in carers. Juares was paid 800 euros a month and others report similar figures. This would not be allowed if they were legal workers but their employers do not give them a contract. The carers cannot insist, because they are worried at losing their source of income. Because of their long hours, the workers who are members of Dones Migrant Diverses, communicate primarily via a WhatsApp group.
On the International Day for the Elimination of Violence against Women in November 2018 she, journalist Júlia Bertran i Lafuente [ca] and Sofía Bengoetxea read the manifesto on the day in Barcelona.
In 2021, she completed a degree in Social Education at the University of Barcelona.
# Sir John Wolstenholme, 1st Baronet

Sir John Wolstenholme, 1st Baronet (died 1670) was an English politician who sat in the House of Commons in 1640. He supported the Royalist side in the English Civil War.

## Biography

Wolstenholme was the son of Sir John Wolstenholme (died 1639) and his wife Catherine Fanshaw, daughter of John Fanshawe of Fanshawe Gate Hall. He became a customs farmer with his father and was knighted by King Charles I. In 1620, Wolstenholme bought a house called Clay Hall from Christopher Hatton's widow, Alice Fanshawe.
He was a Virginia commissioner before the government and lobbied for a return to the original charter.
In April 1640, he was elected Member of Parliament for Queenborough in the Short Parliament. He supported the king in the Civil War, selling property and incurring debts to provide finance for the Royalist cause. As a result, he was then fined by Parliament. He and his father's partners in the customs farming business were required to pay £150,000 which led to the sale of his estates. His son Henry and brother-in-law Sir Thomas Dallison were both killed in the Civil War. After the Restoration, he became a farmer of customs again and was given a patent for collecting taxes on outbound goods in the Port of London. He was created a baronet, of London, by King Charles II in 1664.

## Death

Wolstenholme died in 1670 and was buried on 15 July at Stanmore in St John's Church, which had been built by his father.
Wolstenholme married Ann Dallison of Laughton, Lincolnshire. His son, Thomas, succeeded to the baronetcy.
# The Beast to Die

The Beast to Die (野獣死すべし, Yajū shisubeshi) is a 1980 Japanese thriller film directed by Tōru Murakawa, produced by Haruki Kadokawa, and starring Yūsaku Matsuda.

## Plot

A journalist who covered the Vietnam War becomes mentally unstable and goes on a spree of robbery and murder.

## Cast

* Yūsaku Matsuda (journalist)
* Takeshi Kaga (waiter, accomplice)
* Hideo Murota (policeman)
# Limón International Airport

Limón International Airport (Spanish: Aeropuerto Internacional de Limón) (IATA: LIO, ICAO: MRLM) in Limón, Costa Rica, is one of the four international airports in that country.
Puerto Limón and the southern Caribbean area towns of Cahuita, Puerto Viejo, Manzanillo and Gandoca, as well as the indigenous communities of Bri Bri, Hone Creek, Carbon 1 and 2, Shiroles and Suretka are all within two hours of the airport by ground transportation.
Although labelled as an international airport, its current passenger flights are only domestic. Nature Air, when it was last active, flew only charter flights to Limón. SANSA Airlines flies daily flights to and from San José's Juan Santamaria International Airport.
The Limon non-directional beacon (Ident: LIO) is located 1.4 nautical miles (2.6 km) northwest of the airport. The Limon VOR/DME (Ident: LIO) is located on the field.

## History

The airport re-opened on 1 July 2006 after being closed nearly 20 years for domestic flights. It is the primary airport serving the Caribbean side of Costa Rica.
The Presidency Ministry announced in June 2011 that Sansa Airlines would begin regular scheduled flights four times a week to Limón Airport, beginning in July and costing ₡30,000–₡75,000 ($60–$150), to increase tourism to Limón Province.
There are plans to modernize the airport with a new passenger terminal that reflects the local culture as well as being environmentally friendly.
The landing area will be expanded from 10 meters wide to 18 meters, and up to 1137 meters in length.

## Airlines and destinations

| Airlines | Destinations |
| Sansa Airlines | San José–Juan Santamaría, Tortuguero |
# European Patent Judges' Symposium

The European Patent Judges' Symposium (French: Colloque des juges européens de brevets, German: Symposium europäischer Patentrichter) is a biennial symposium, with the claimed aim of providing a platform for national judges from legal systems with differing traditions to exchange experiences and to thereby promote mutual understanding in the development of European patent law.
Along with the Standing Advisory Committee before the European Patent Office (SACEPO), a committee advising the European Patent Office (EPO) on patent law issues, and the European Round Table on Patent Practice (EUROTAB), the European Patent Judges' Symposium is one of the most significant and institutionalised forums of legal professionals created and sponsored by the EPO.

## List

* 1st, 19–22 October 1982, Munich, Germany
* 2nd, 5–7 September 1984, Strasbourg, France
* 3rd, 3–5 September 1986, Vienna, Austria
* 4th, 7–9 September 1988, Lausanne-Dorigny, Switzerland
* 5th, 12–14 September 1990, Turin, Italy
* 6th, 8–11 September 1992, The Hague, Netherlands
* 7th, 6–9 September 1994, Newport, United Kingdom
* 8th, 17–20 September 1996, Stockholm, Sweden
* 9th, 6–9 October 1998, Madrid, Spain - Official Journal of the EPO (OJ EPO) 1999, Special edition
* 10th, 19–23 September 2000, Mondorf-les-Bains, Luxembourg - OJ EPO 2001, Special edition (pdf)
* 11th, 17–20 September 2002, Copenhagen, Denmark - OJ EPO 2003, Special edition No. 2 (pdf)
* 12th, 22–24 September 2004, Brussels, Belgium - OJ EPO, Special edition of the OJ EPO 2005 (pdf)
* 13th, 12–16 September 2006, Thessaloniki, Greece - OJ EPO, Special edition 2/2007 (pdf)
* 14th, 16–20 September 2008, Bordeaux, France - OJ EPO, Special edition 1/2009 (pdf)
* 15th, 15–17 September 2010, Lisbon, Portugal - OJ EPO Special edition 1/2011 (pdf)
* 16th, 5–7 September 2012, Dublin, Ireland - OJ EPO Special edition 1/2013 (pdf)
# Logi Pedro

Logi Pedro (born August 29, 1992) is an Icelandic-Angolan musician and record producer. He released his first solo album "Litlir svartir strákar" in 2018 to critical acclaim in Iceland. The lead single "Dúfan mín" received platinum status and was nominated as Song of the Year at the 2019 Icelandic Music Awards.
Logi Pedro was a founding member of Icelandic band Retro Stefson. He has produced records for a number of international acts, such as GusGus, Loah and Emmsjé Gauti.
Logi Pedro hosts the television show "Börn þjóða" on Stöð 2. Logi Pedro also co-wrote and starred in the documentary Stóra myndin: Covid og heimsbyggðin on RÚV.

## Awards and recognition

At the 2017 Icelandic Music Awards, Logi produced Pop Song of the Year for "I'll Walk With You" by Icelandic singer Hildur. He was nominated for Song of the Year at the Icelandic Music Awards 2019 and Best Rap Album of the Year at the 2021 Icelandic Music Awards for Undir bláu tungli.

## Discography

* Undir bláu tungli (2020)
* Litlir svartir strákar (2018)

## Filmography

* Börn þjóða (2021) – Host
* Stóra myndin: Covid og heimsbyggðin (2021) – Host
* Mannasiðir (2018) – Composer
* Jökulinn logar (2016) – Composer
# Antonio Cárdenas Rodríguez

General de División Antonio Cárdenas Rodríguez (6 October 1903 – 4 July 1969) was a military aviator and head of the Mexican Air Force. As a Colonel he made a goodwill flight of several countries in Latin America. He traveled almost 35,000 km in 118 hours of flight time aboard a Lockheed 12, named "President Carranza" returning to Mexico City on September 13, 1940. He commanded the Fuerza Aérea Expedicionaria Mexicana (FAEM), who participated in World War II at the Battle of Luzon in the Philippines. The FAEM is notable as the only Mexican military unit ever to fight outside Mexico itself. Ixtepec No. 2 Air Base in Ixtepec, Oaxaca is named in honour of General Cárdenas Rodríguez.
Rodríguez Cárdenas retired from the Mexican Air Force with the rank of Divisional General.
# Sarvati Istiqlol

Sarvati Istiqlol (Tajik: Сарвати Истиқлол, formerly: Kalinin) is a jamoat in Tajikistan. It is located in Kushoniyon District in Khatlon Region. The jamoat has a total population of 33,071 (2015).
# Churton by Aldford

Churton by Aldford is a former civil parish, now in the parish of Churton, in the borough of Cheshire West and Chester and ceremonial county of Cheshire in England. In 2001 it had a population of 136. The parish included the northern part of the village of Churton (the southern part was in the neighbouring parish of Churton by Farndon). It is associated with the nearby Church of England parish of St John the Baptist, Aldford, the nearest place of public worship.
Church House Farm (now a collection of private residences called Churchmead) was built in 1682. Land to the north of the village forms part of the Duke of Westminster's Eaton Estate and is largely farmed by Grosvenor Farms. There is one village pub – The White Horse.

## History

The origins for the division of Churton into two townships goes back to the 11th century. It has been suggested that in 1086 Aldford was originally part of the moiety of the manor held by Earl Edwin and Bigot. Churton by Farndon was a moiety belonging to the Bishop of Chester. The west–east dividing line of this ecclesiastical boundary is followed by the streets of Knowl Lane, Hob Lane, and Pump Lane. The separation of the Aldford moiety into a district parish probably took place early in the 12th century when, at the time, Churton was also believed to have divided by a parish boundary along the lines of a manorial border. Until the early 20th century, the remains of steps of an ancient cross, which marked the boundaries of the manors of Aldford and Farndon, could still be seen. These steps were situated at the confluence of Pump Lane and the main road through the village. There is no trace of this boundary marker today.
Churton by Aldford was formerly a township in the parish of Aldford, in 1866 Churton by Aldford became a separate civil parish, on 1 April 2015 it was abolished to form Churton.
# Sénaillac-Lauzès

Sénaillac-Lauzès (French pronunciation:; Occitan: Senalhac de Lausès) is a commune in the Lot department in south-western France.
# Edgerley, Cheshire

Edgerley is a former civil parish, now in the parish of Churton, in the borough of Cheshire West and Chester and ceremonial county of Cheshire in England. In 2001 it had a population of 7.

## History

The name "Edgerley" means 'Ecghere's wood/clearing'. Edgerley was formerly a township in the parish of Aldford, in 1866 Edgerley became a separate civil parish, on 1 April 2015 the parish was abolished to form Churton.
# Svirstroy

Svirstroy (Russian: Свирьстрой) is an urban locality (an urban-type settlement) in Lodeynopolsky District of Leningrad Oblast, Russia, located on the left bank of the Svir River several kilometers northeast of the town of Lodeynoye Pole. Municipally, it is incorporated as Svirstroyskoye Urban Settlement, one of the two urban settlements in the district. The name of the settlement is an abbreviation meaning Construction on the Svir. Population: 927 (2010 Census); 1,044 (2002 Census); 1,156 (1989 Soviet census).

## History

In 1927, a large-scale construction of the Lower Svir Hydroelectric Station started, and subsequently in 1931, the concentration camp of Svirlag was established. The settlement which hosted the headquarters of Svirlag became known as Svirstroy. In the same year, Svirstroy was granted urban-type settlement status. On May 13, 1963, during the abortive Khrushhyov administrative reform, Svirstroy was subordinated to the town of Podporozhye, but on January 13, 1965 it was transferred back to Lodeynopolsky District.

## Economy

The economy of the settlement is essentially based on the Lower Svir Hydroelectric Station.

### Transportation

A paved road connecting Lodeynoye Pole with Podporozhye and Vytegra passes Svirstroy.
The Svir River is navigable and is a part of the Volga–Baltic Waterway, connecting the basins of the Volga and the Neva Rivers. There is regular cruise and cargo traffic along the waterway.
# Oinoi

Oinoi (Greek: Οινόη) is a village and a former community in the northern part of West Attica, Greece. The village was named Mazi (Greek: Μάζι) until 1919. Since the 2011 local government reform it is part of the municipality Mandra-Eidyllia, of which it is a municipal unit. The municipal unit has an area of 14.431 km$^2$.
The ancient site Oenoe is located about 3 km east of the modern settlement of Oinoi. Oinoi is surrounded by forested mountains, including Pateras (1,131 m (3,711 ft)) and Pastra (1,016 m (3,333 ft)). There are farmlands in the valley areas. Oinoi is located 7 km east of Vilia, 18 km northwest of Eleusis, 19 km southeast of Thebes and 34 km (21 mi) northwest of Athens city centre.

## Etymology

The name "Oinoi" has been known since antiquity, with Pausanias retelling one version, from the woman Oinoi, sister of the Epoch. (Pausanias, At. Κ. Λγ '§7).

## History

Mazi had been planned to be served by a railway station as early as 1883 in a preliminary study by the French Mission for the planned Piraeus - Demerli - Border railway.

## Historical population

| Year | Population |
| 1981 | 241 |
| 1991 | 495 |
| 2001 | 765 |
| 2011 | 382 |
| 2021 | 376 |

## Transport
### Road

The Greek National Road 3 (Eleusis - Thebes) passes through Oinoi.

## Celebrations

In Oinoi, the feast of the Holy Trinity is celebrated on the day of the Holy Spirit in June, while in August the feast of Wine is celebrated. On 15 August, a popular celebration is organized by the Landscaping Association of Panagitsa Mariza in the chapel of Panagia, while on 26 October it honors Agios Dimitrios in the old church of the patron saint of the village.
# Thornton Castle, Marykirk

Thornton Castle, Marykirk, Aberdeenshire is a fortress or fortified residence in Marykirk, Aberdeenshire. Parts of the house date from 1531.
It was the traditional home of the Strachan family, but was held more recently by Rev Dr Alexander Crombie (1762–1840). Architecturally, it is a small square tower house, dated 1531, of three storeys.
# Vertem Futurity Trophy

The Futurity Trophy is a Group 1 flat horse race in Great Britain open to two-year-old thoroughbred colts and fillies. It is run at Doncaster over a distance of 1 mile (1,609 metres), and it is scheduled to take place each year in late October.

## History

The event was established in 1961 and was originally called the Timeform Gold Cup. It was founded by Phil Bull, the creator of Timeform, and was backed by this organisation until 1964.
The Observer started to support the event in 1965. The present grading system was introduced in 1971 and the Observer Gold Cup was classed at Group-1 level.
The bookmaker William Hill took over the sponsorship in 1976, and from this point the event was known as the Futurity Stakes. From 1989 to 2017 the race was sponsored by the Racing Post and run as the Racing Post Trophy. William Hill reestablished their race partnership in 2024 with the official title now the William Hill Futurity Trophy Stakes.
The Futurity Trophy is now the last Group 1 event of the British flat racing season. The 2019 race was run on Newcastle's Tapeta track, after the Doncaster meeting was abandoned because of waterlogging, thereby becoming the first British Group 1 race to be run on an artificial surface.
Six winners have subsequently achieved victory in the following year's Derby: Reference Point (1986); High Chaparral (2001); Motivator (2004); Authorized (2006); Camelot (2011); Auguste Rodin (2022).

## Records

Leading jockey (5 wins):
* Lester Piggott – Ribocco (1966), Noble Decree (1972), Apalachee (1973), Dunbeath (1982), Lanfranco (1984)
* Pat Eddery – Sporting Yankee (1976), Dactylographer (1977), Beldale Flutter (1980), Reference Point (1986), Armiger (1992)
Leading trainer (11 wins):
* Aidan O'Brien - Saratoga Springs (1997), Aristotle (1999), High Chaparral (2001), Brian Boru (2002), St Nicholas Abbey (2009), Camelot (2011), Kingsbarns (2012), Saxon Warrior (2017), Magna Grecia (2018), Luxembourg (2021), Auguste Rodin (2022)
Leading owner (10 wins): (includes part ownership)
* Sue Magnier – Aristotle (1999), High Chaparral (2001), Brian Boru (2002), St Nicholas Abbey (2009), Camelot (2011), Kingsbarns (2012), Saxon Warrior (2017), Magna Grecia (2018), Luxembourg (2021), Auguste Rodin (2022)

## Winners

* ↑ Scissors finished first in 1963, but he was relegated to second place following a stewards' inquiry
* ↑ The 1989 running took place at Newcastle
* ↑ The 2006 edition was held at Newbury
* ↑ The 2019 running was held at Newcastle on an all-weather surface
# Paunat

Paunat (French pronunciation:; Occitan: Paunac) is a commune in the Dordogne department in Nouvelle-Aquitaine in southwestern France.
# Rhys Thomas (juggler)

Rhys Thomas, born 1963 is a juggler, comedian and entertainer in the Pacific Northwest of the United States. He has been performing publicly since 1987. His performance style is one characterized by jokes and puns accompanied by visual tricks and stunts. He performs at schools, churches, libraries and pirate festivals.
Rhys grew up in Crow, Oregon. He taught himself to walk on a cable strung between two trees above a pond.
As a juggler, Rhys has appeared in the European Juggling Competition in Denmark, twice at the World Cup Street Performer Competition in Japan and as an artist-in-residence at the Smithsonian Institution. He has also appeared as far afield as the island of Tobago and unicycled on a frozen sea near the Bering Strait.
Rhys also helped found the Portland Juggling Festival, and has appeared in many of its juggling and vaudeville extravaganzas. His official website. 1994 Ben Linder Memorial Award was given to Rhys Thomas.
Rhys' wife, Maria, and daughters Isabel and Matilda.