OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Qalandar, Kurdistan

Qalandar (Persian: قلندر) is a village in Sara Rural District, in the Central District of Saqqez County, Kurdistan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 480, in 105 families. The village is populated by Kurds.
# Nikolai B. Popov

Nikolai Boris Popov (Bulgarian: Николай Борис Попов) (born 1952) is a translator.

## Life

Popove graduated from University of Washington, with a Ph.D., in 1994. In 2001, he participated at a conference at University of Iowa International Writing Program. He teaches English and Comparative Literature at the University of Washington. A James Joyce scholar and translator, he co-translated with Heather McHugh a collection of the poems of Blaga Dimitrova, and Paul Celan. On May 13, 2012, he fell into a crevasse while skiing near Whistler but was unscathed.
From 1987 to 2010 he was married to poet Heather McHugh.

## Awards

* 2001 Griffin Poetry Prize

## Translations

* Paul Celan (February 25, 2004). Glottal Stop: 101 Poems by Paul Celan. Translated by Nikolai Popov; Heather McHugh. Wesleyan Poetry. ISBN 978-0-8195-6720-8.
# Tizabad, Kurdistan

Tizabad (Persian: تيز آباد, also Romanized as Tīzābād) is a village in Saheb Rural District, Ziviyeh District, Saqqez County, Kurdistan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 144, in 29 families. The village is populated by Kurds.
# Dimachae

Dimachae (Ancient Greek: διμάχαι, from δίς dis, "two, double, twice" and μάχη mache "fight") were Macedonian horse-soldiers, who also fought on foot when occasion required. Their armour was heavier than that of the ordinary horse-soldier, and lighter than that of the regular heavy-armed foot-soldier. A servant accompanied each soldier in order to take care of his horse when he alighted to fight on foot. This species of troops is said to have been first introduced by Alexander the Great. The Celtiberians fielded a similar unit.
# Byala Municipality, Varna Province

Byala Municipality (Bulgarian: Община Бяла) is a municipality (obshtina) in Varna Province, located in the central part of the Bulgarian Black Sea Coast. It is named after its administrative centre - the town of Byala.
The municipality embraces a territory of 162 km$^2$ (63 sq mi) with a population, as of December 2009, of 3,729 inhabitants.
Not to be confused with the municipality of the same name in Ruse Province.

## Settlements

Byala Municipality includes the following 6 places (towns are shown in bold):
| Town/Village | Cyrillic | Population (December 2009) |
| Byala | Бяла | 2,171 |
| Goritsa | Горица | 140 |
| Gospodinovo | Господиново | 373 |
| Dyulino | Дюлино | 396 |
| Popovich | Попович | 646 |
| Samotino | Самотино | 3 |
| Total | | 3,729 |

## Demography

The following table shows the change of the population during the last four decades.
Byala Municipality :
| Year | 1975 | 1985 | 1992 | 2001 | 2005 | 2007 | 2009 | 2011 |
| Population | 4,346 | 4,065 | 3,787 | 3,413 | 3,349 | 3,780 | 3,729 | ... |
| Sources: Census 2001, Census 2011, „pop-stat.mashke.org“, |||||||||

### Religion

According to the latest Bulgarian census of 2011, the religious composition, among those who answered the optional question on religious identification, was the following:
Religious composition of Byala Municipality
Orthodox Christianity
75.3%
Catholicism
0.0%
Protestantism
0.5%
Islam
2.3%
No religion
12.7%
Prefer not to answer, others and indefinable
9.2% :
An overwhelming majority of the population of Byala Municipality identify themselves as Christians. At the 2011 census, 75.3% of respondents identified as Orthodox Christians belonging to the Bulgarian Orthodox Church.
# Borodino, Perm Krai

Borodino (Russian: Бородино) is a rural locality (a village) in Klyapovskoye Rural Settlement, Beryozovsky District, Perm Krai, Russia. The population was 7 as of 2010.

## Geography

It is located 7.5 km south-east from Beryozovka.
# Surak, Yazd

Surak (Persian: سورك, also Romanized as Sūrak) is a village in Aliabad Rural District, in the Central District of Taft County, Yazd Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 37, in 11 families.
# Eikenes Station

Eikenes Station (Norwegian: Eikenes holdeplass) is a former railway station on the Vestfold Line serving the village of Eikenes in Larvik, Norway. The station was served by regional trains operated by the Norwegian State Railways. The station opened in 1899.
# Gulan-e Sofla

Gulan-e Sofla (Persian: گولان سفلي, also Romanized as Gūlān-e Soflá; also known as Gūlān-e Pā'īn) is a village in Baryaji Rural District, in the Central District of Sardasht County, West Azerbaijan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 98, in 23 families.
# Lillehammer Hospital

Lillehammer Hospital (Norwegian: Lillehammer sykehus) is a general hospital situated in Lillehammer, Norway. It is part of Innlandet Hospital Trust, part of the Southern and Eastern Norway Regional Health Authority.
Lillehammer Heliport, Innlandet Hospital (ICAO: ENLH) is an asphalt, ground helipad with a diameter of 18 meters (59 ft). It is located 20 meters (66 ft) from the emergency department and features a fuel tank.
# Juan Francisco Masdeu

Juan Francisco Masdeu (4 October 1744 – 1817), Spanish historian, was born at Palermo. He joined the Company of Jesus on 19 December 1759 and became professor in the Jesuit seminaries at Ferrara and Ascoli. He visited Spain in 1799, was exiled, and returned in 1815, dying at Valencia on 11 April 1817.
His Storia critica di Spagne e della cultura spagnuola in ogni genere (2 vols., 1781–1784) was finally expanded into the Historia crítica de España y de la cultura española (1783–1805), which, though it consists of twenty volumes, was left unfinished; had it been continued on the same scale, the work would have consisted of fifty volumes. Masdeu wrote in a critical spirit and with a regard for accuracy rare in his time; but he is more concerned with small details than with the philosophy of history. Still, his narrative is lucid, and later researches have not yet rendered his work obsolete.
# Zhireken

Zhireken (Russian: Жирекен) is an urban locality (urban-type settlement) in Chernyshevsky District of Zabaykalsky Krai, Russia. Population: 4,565 (2010 Census); 3,937 (2002 Census); 5,493 (1989 Soviet census).
# German, Bulgaria

German (Bulgarian: Герман) is a village in central western Bulgaria, part of Sofia Capital Municipality. It lies at the foot of the Lozen Mountains, at 42°37′N 23°25′E﻿ / ﻿42.617°N 23.417°E﻿ / 42.617; 23.417, 639 metres above sea level. As of 2015, it has a population of 2,500 and the mayor is Margarita Stankova.
German is the site of the German Monastery of Saint John of Rila, allegedly founded in the 10th century and then abandoned and reconstructed several times. It features a church from 1885 with frescoes from 1886 by Samokov masters. Since 1928, it is property of the Bulgarian Zograf Monastery on Mount Athos.
Until June 2006, German had a relatively successful football team, PFC Conegliano German, who achieved promotion to the A PFG, the highest division of Bulgarian football. However, after they were promoted, they changed ownership. They left the town and were renamed PFC Chernomorets Burgas Sofia.
The name of the village comes from Patriarch Germanus I of Constantinople, not the country or people of Germany.
This village is not to be confused with the smaller village of Dzherman (Джерман - pronounced "Jerman") near Dupnitsa in Kyustendil Province.
German Peninsula on Fallières Coast in Antarctica is named after the neighborhood.
# Erineus (Achaea)

38°18′35″N 21°59′36″E﻿ / ﻿38.309763°N 21.993332°E﻿ / 38.309763; 21.993332 Erineus or Erineos (Ancient Greek: Ἐρινεός), also known as Erineum or Erineon (Ἐρινεόν) was a town of ancient Achaea, mentioned by Pausanias as the port of Rhypes. Thucydides writes that during Peloponnesian War, Erineus was used as the base of the Peloponnesian League's fleet that was to guarantee the transport of supplies to the army that was in Sicily. In the vicinity of Erineus a naval battle was fought against the Athenian fleet that was in Naupactos in 413 BCE. Pliny the Elder says it was one of the towns - along with Sicyon, Aigeira and Aegion - where the inhabitants of Helike and Boura took refuge when these were submerged as a consequence of the earthquake of 373 BCE.
Its site has been located near modern Lampiri (Λαμπίρι, Λαμπίριον).
# Glen Kinglas

Glen Kinglas is a glen located on the Cowal Peninsula, in Argyll and Bute, west of Scotland. The glen is one of the main glens in the Arrochar Alps, the A83 road from Arrochar and Loch Lomond passes through the glen. At the north end of the glen, a pass leads to Glen Croe, passing Loch Restil. At the south of the glen the A815 road leaves the A83 and leads through the Cowal Peninsula to Dunoon on the Firth of Clyde coast. The A83 continues on past Cairndow and Loch Fyne Oysters to Inveraray and Inveraray Castle on Loch Fyne.
The glen has the Kinglas Water running through it which runs under the Butter Bridge, one of the sources is Loch Restil, located in the pass between Glen Kinglas and Glen Croe.
The Butter Bridge carpark in the glen, gives easy access to the hills and mountains in the area for hillwalkers and climbers. The glen gives access to Beinn an Lochain the highest peak on the Cowal peninsula at 901.7 metres (2,958 ft).
The Mountain Bothies Association opened a Bothy within the glen in May 2022, called Abyssinia. Located at grid ref: NN 256 117, on Ordnance Survey map LR56.
The glen is within the Argyll Forest Park and the Loch Lomond and The Trossachs National Park.

## Mountains

The following mountains border Glen Kinglas (from south to north).
West side:
* Binnein an Fhidhleir, Corbett at 817 metres (2,680 ft)
* Creag Bhrosgan, 711 metres (2,333 ft)
* Stob Coire Creagach, 817 metres (2,680 ft)
East side:
* Stob an Eas, 732 metres (2,402 ft)
* Beinn an t-Seilich, 719 metres (2,359 ft)
* Beinn an Lochain, Corbett at 901.7 metres (2,958 ft)
* Beinn Luibhean, Corbett at 857 metres (2,812 ft)
* Beinn Ime, Munro at 1,011 metres (3,317 ft) (Butter Mountain)
* Beinn Chorranach, 888 metres (2,913 ft)
* Ben Vane - Beinn Dubh, 774 metres (2,539 ft)

## Butter Bridge

The bridge over Kinglas Water, Butter Bridge, named after Beinn Ìme (Butter Mountain). Built in 1749, as part of the Military Road from Dumbarton to Inveraray. Overseen by Major William Caulfeild of the British Army.

## Landslides

The glen was formed by glacial erosion and has repercussions today, as many areas are still unstable.
The A83 is prone to landslides, including the section within Glen Kinglas. The A83 is a main road to the west coast of Scotland. On 8 October 2023, ten people were airlifted off the road by helicopter, as they were trapped by seven separate landslides along a short section of the road.

## Aeroplane crash

A RAF Panavia Tornado F3 crashed in the glen, on 2 July 2009, at 1145. Both occupants were killed.

## Glen Kinglas hydro

A hydro electric generating station makes use of the Kinglas Water in the south of the glen. It began electricity generation in January 2004. The system installed has a maximum production capacity of 960 kilowatt or 0.96 Megawatt.

## Gallery

* Butter Bridge, Kinglas Water
* Glen Kinglas
* Cold day in Glen Kinglas
* A83, Glen Kinglas
* Loch Restil from the north ridge of Beinn an Lochain
* Glen Kinglas towards Beinn an Lochain
* Abyssinia Bothy
# Galaxy Press

Galaxy Press (formerly Author Services) represents the literary, theatrical and musical works of the late Scientology founder L. Ron Hubbard, and publishes Hubbard's fiction works and the anthologies of the Writers of the Future contest.

## History

During the Church of Scientology's "corporate sort out" project in the early 1980s, Bridge Publications, Inc. (later renamed to Bridge Publications Incorporated) and Author Services, Inc. (ASI) were both incorporated. Bridge Publications was to be the publisher of the Scientology works as a non-profit corporation, and Author Services was to be the publisher of Hubbard's fiction works as a for-profit corporation. ASI was incorporated in the state of California on October 13, 1981, and was wholly owned by the Church of Spiritual Technology by 1993. In 2015, ASI was merged into Galaxy Press, LLC, which was then renamed to Galaxy Press, Inc.

## Activities

Since its incorporation in 1981, ASI managed L. Ron Hubbard's personal, business and literary affairs. After Hubbard's death in 1986, ASI continued to represent his literary and musical works worldwide. Nineteen of Hubbard's books have been on The New York Times best sellers list, and his works have been translated into 72 languages.
ASI has administered the Writers and Illustrators of the Future contest. The contest had been established and sponsored by Hubbard in 1983.
In 2005, ASI received a verification certificate from Guinness World Records on behalf of Hubbard for being the "most translated author" in the world (since surpassed in 2014 by Paulo Coelho.)
While ASI presents Hubbard's fiction and secular works under the Galaxy Press label, his Scientology-related writings are represented by Bridge Publications (New Era Publications outside North America).
The 200-seat Author Services (ASI) Theater reopened in October 2008 after a three-year hiatus to resume its live presentations of L. Ron Hubbard's original series of pulp fiction classic tales penned during the 1930s and 1940s and recently adapted into multi-cast audio performances.
In 2008, they announced they would be releasing eighty volumes containing the works Hubbard wrote for pulp magazines, at the rate of four titles every four or five months. The release was scheduled to be accompanied by a $1.9 million marketing campaign, including commercials on programs popular with middle school children.
# Sheykh Besharat

Sheykh Besharat (Persian: شيخ بشارت, also Romanized as Sheykh Beshārat) is a village in Korani Rural District, Korani District, Bijar County, Kurdistan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 262, in 68 families. The village is populated by Azerbaijanis.
# Khalisan

Khalisan (Persian: خليسان, also Romanized as Khalīsān) is a village in Melkari Rural District, Vazineh District, Sardasht County, West Azerbaijan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 123, in 19 families.
# Parabalani

The Parabalani (Late Latin parabalānī, "persons who risk their lives as nurses", from Ancient Greek: παραβαλανεῖς) or Parabolani (from παραβολᾶνοι or παράβολοι) were the members of a brotherhood, who in early Christianity voluntarily undertook the care of the sick and the burial of the dead, knowing that they themselves could die.
Generally drawn from the lower strata of society, they also functioned as attendants to local bishops and were sometimes used by them as bodyguards and in violent clashes with their opponents.

## History

The parabalani had neither orders nor vows, but were enumerated among the clergy and enjoyed clerical privileges and immunities. In addition to performing works of mercy they constituted a bodyguard for the bishop. Their presence at public gatherings or in the theaters was forbidden by law. At times they took a very active part in ecclesiastical controversies, as at the Second Council of Ephesus. They received their name from the fact that they were hospital attendants, although the alternative name parabolani also became current, because they risked their lives (παραβάλλεσθαι τὴν ζωήν) in exposing themselves to contagious diseases.
It has been alleged, though without sufficient proof, that the brotherhood was first organized during the great plague in Alexandria in the episcopate of Pope Dionysius of Alexandria (second half of the 3rd century). Though they took vows before the bishop and officially remained under his control, the Codex Theodosianus placed them instead under the command of the praefectus augustalis, the imperial governor of Roman Egypt.
Because their actions resulted in many other riots, successive Imperial laws limited their numbers: thus a law issued in 416 restricted the enrollment in Alexandria to 500, a number increased two years later to 600. In Constantinople, the number was further restricted from 1100 to 950. According to Fortescue, the parabolani, who he says, "were not nice people", seem to have disappeared by Emperor Justinian I's time.

## In film

In the 2009 film Agora, focusing on the life of Hypatia, the parabolani start out as Christian volunteers who distribute bread to the poor, but gradually turn into fanatical death squads who murder pagans, Jews, and fellow Christians who oppose fundamentalist Patriarch Cyril of Alexandria.
# Åsnes Church

Åsnes Church (Norwegian: Åsnes kirke) is a parish church of the Church of Norway in Åsnes Municipality in Innlandet county, Norway. It is located in the village of Flisa. It is the church for the Åsnes parish which is part of the Solør, Vinger og Odal prosti (deanery) in the Diocese of Hamar. The white, wooden church was built in a cruciform design in 1744 using plans drawn up by an unknown architect. The church seats about 400 people.

## History

The earliest existing historical records of the church date back to the year 1394, but the church was not new that year. The first church in Åsnes was a wooden stave church that was built around the year 1300. This church was located at Åsnes, about 2.5 kilometres (1.6 mi) south of the present church site (on the opposite side of river Glomma). The church was torn down around the 1520s or 1530s and replaced with a new church on the opposite side of the river, near the present site of the church. This new church was built at Telle, about 500 metres (1,600 ft) south of the present church site. This building was a wooden long church with a small tower on the roof. In 1686, the church was described as rather fragile and in need of repair. In 1702–1704, the church was renovated and expanded by adding two transepts to give the church a cruciform floor plan. It also got a new sacristy and new interior furnishings. Not too long afterwards, in 1720, the church was described as too small and dilapidated. By 1739, the parish decided to tear down the building and to replace it.
A new church was built at the present church site from 1744-1747.It was a wooden cruciform building that seated about 600 people (later renovations have lowered this number to about 400). The new building was consecrated in 1744, but the building itself was completely finished and ready to use until 1747. The church was refurbished and restored in 1854. In 1876, the church was significantly renovated based on plans by Jacob Wilhelm Nordan and the work was led by Günther Schüssler. During this project, the roof was removed, the walls were increased about 1 metre (3 ft 3 in) in height, and a new roof was installed. The exterior siding was replaced, and the foundation wall was improved. The altarpiece was painted by artist Axel Ender in 1876 and is titled Jesus' Resurrection. During a renovation in 1936, the church was closed for several months and parishioners used the nearby Gjesåsen Church instead. New interior colors were added by the painter Domenico Erdmann in connection with this restoration. There was another major renovation and restoration in 1954–1955 led by Halvor Vreim. Towards the end of 2016, the church was closed due to the discovery harmful fungi growing in the building. Significant work was done to remedy the situation and improve the building while it was closed for three years. The church reopened on 22 December 2019.
# Åselistraumen Bridge

The Åselistraumen Bridge (Norwegian: Åselistraumen bru or Åselibrua) is a bridge that crosses the Åselistraumen strait in Bodø Municipality in Nordland county, Norway. The concrete bridge is part of Norwegian County Road 17. It is 200 metres (660 ft) long and the longest span is 30 metres (98 ft).
# Vilisovo

Vilisovo (Russian: Вилисово) is a rural locality (a village) in Asovskoye Rural Settlement, Beryozovsky District, Perm Krai, Russia. The population was 38 as of 2010.

## Geography

Vilisovo is located on the Barda River, 29 km southeast of Beryozovka (the district's administrative centre) by road. Pronosnoye is the nearest rural locality.
# Lamco Airport

Lamco Airport (ICAO: GLLB) is an airport serving Buchanan, in the Grand Bassa County in Liberia. The runway is 3 kilometres (1.9 mi) south of the city.
# Roberto Bandinelli

Roberto Bandinelli (Polish: Robert Bandinelli, died 1650) was a Florentine merchant and postmaster of Lviv (Lwów) in the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth. He was a competitor to the postal service run by the Montelupi family since Sebastiano Montelupi had been appointed master of the royal post at Kraków in 1568. Roberto was the elder brother of Angelo Maria Bandinelli, also a postmaster of the Commonwealth.

## Career

Roberto Bandinelli was the son of sculptor Michelangelo Bandinelli and a grandson of Bartolommeo Bandinelli, group leader of Florentine Mannerists, a self-proclaimed rival of Michelangelo and famous Florentine artist in his own right. Roberto, a native of Florence, became a citizen of Kraków in 1618. It is said, that he relocated there to escape lawsuits which threatened him with imprisonment in Florence.
While in Kraków, he engaged in commercial manipulations and shady trade agreements with local merchants in the textile market, which brought him incredibly large profits, but also resulted in numerous litigations. Within a few years he had moved to Lwów (now Lviv, Ukraine). On 4 March 1629 Bandinelli obtained a royal license from Sigismund III Vasa to run two postal services from Lwów: one, to what is now Gdańsk through Zamotja (Zamość), Lublin, Warsaw and Toruń; and another, to Kraków, through Jarosław, Rjashiv and Tarnów. Each of the services was weekly, with the mail leaving every Saturday. The post office was housed in Bandinelli's home, a kamienica on Lviv Market Square that is now known as the Bandinelli Palace (pictured). In later years he expanded his deliveries to include the entire territory of Ruthenia.
Attempts to enforce a royal postal monopoly against the city of Lviv's existing messenger services led to legal disputes that impeded the implementation of Bandinelli's postmastership. In 1633, his monopoly was reconfirmed by Władysław IV Vasa. Stanisław Lubomirski, voivode of Ruthenia, and Stanisław Koniecpolski, voivode of Sandomierz, issued further patents in support of Bandinelli's postal services. These became viable only after 1639, when Bandinelli became the main rival to the postal services that had been run by the Montelupi family since Sebastiano Montelupi had been appointed master of the royal post at Kraków in 1568. Bandinelli married twice, while in Lwów. His first wife, Constance (Constanza) Ubaldini, helped him obtain royal privileges through her father. He built the palace with her dowry, but soon divorced her and remarried Anne Sehnio (Ukrainian: Анна Сеґніо). In 1650 he went to Vienna to negotiate a new postal contract with the city, and died there shortly afterwards. He bequeathed his wealth to his four sons, Lauro, Michelangelo, Carlo and Stanislas, with the exception of the kamienica in Lviv, which went to his wife Anna, to be shared with his two daughters, Costanza and Caterina, for as long as they remained unmarried.
# Qaleh Bozorg

Qaleh Bozorg (Persian: قلعه بزرگ, also Romanized as Qal‘eh Bozorg; also known as Qalāt, ''Qal‘eh, Qal’eh Kūchek, and Qal‘eh-ye Kūchek) is a village in Marhemetabad-e Jonubi Rural District, in the Central District of Miandoab County, West Azerbaijan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 289 people, in 66 families.