OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Signedness

In computing, signedness is a property of data types representing numbers in computer programs. A numeric variable is signed if it can represent both positive and negative numbers, and unsigned if it can only represent non-negative numbers (zero or positive numbers).
As signed numbers can represent negative numbers, they lose a range of positive numbers that can only be represented with unsigned numbers of the same size (in bits) because roughly half the possible values are non-positive values, whereas the respective unsigned type can dedicate all the possible values to the positive number range.
For example, a two's complement signed 16-bit integer can hold the values −32768 to 32767 inclusively, while an unsigned 16 bit integer can hold the values 0 to 65535. For this sign representation method, the leftmost bit (most significant bit) denotes whether the value is negative (0 for positive or zero, 1 for negative).

## In programming languages

For most architectures, there is no signed–unsigned type distinction in the machine language. Nevertheless, arithmetic instructions usually set different CPU flags such as the carry flag for unsigned arithmetic and the overflow flag for signed. Those values can be taken into account by subsequent branch or arithmetic commands.
The C programming language, along with its derivatives, implements a signedness for all integer data types, as well as for "character". For Integers, the unsigned modifier defines the type to be unsigned. The default integer signedness outside bit-fields is signed, but can be set explicitly with signed modifier. By contrast, the C standard declares signed char, unsigned char, and char, to be three distinct types, but specifies that all three must have the same size and alignment. Further, char must have the same numeric range as either signed char or unsigned char, but the choice of which depends on the platform. Integer literals can be made unsigned with U suffix.
Compilers often issue a warning when comparisons are made between signed and unsigned numbers or when one is cast to the other. These are potentially dangerous operations as the ranges of the signed and unsigned types are different.
Data types :
| Bits | Min | Max |
| 8 (signed) | −128 | 127 |
| 16 (signed) | −32768 | 32767 |
| 32 (signed) | −2147483648 | 2147483647 |
| 64 (signed) | −9223372036854775808 | 9223372036854775807 |
| 128 (signed) | −170141183460469231731687303715884105728 | 170141183460469231731687303715884105727 |
| 8 (unsigned) | 0 | 255 |
| 16 (unsigned) | 0 | 65535 |
| 32 (unsigned) | 0 | 4294967295 |
| 64 (unsigned) | 0 | 18446744073709551615 |
| 128 (unsigned) | 0 | 340282366920938463463374607431768211455 |
# Krzemień, Białobrzegi County

Krzemień is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Stromiec, within Białobrzegi County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately 9 kilometres (6 mi) north of Stromiec, 14 km (9 mi) north-east of Białobrzegi, and 57 km (35 mi) south of Warsaw.
# Bob Staton

Robert Emmett Staton is an American academic administrator and former business executive who served as the 18th president of Presbyterian College in Clinton, South Carolina. He is the former chairman and CEO of Colonial Life & Accident Insurance Company.

## Early life and education

Staton attended Presbyterian College, graduated in 1968, and the University of South Carolina School of Law, graduated in 1971.

## Career

Staton served as the chairman and CEO of Colonial Life & Accident Insurance Company until the late 1990s. After retiring from that position, he joined the board of trustees at Presbyterian, a position in which he served from 1997 until 2006.
He served as PC's executive vice president for external relations from 2007 to 2012. On July 1, 2015, one day after Presbyterian president Claude Lilly announced his intention to resign, Staton was named as the interim replacement and was later announced as the permanent president of the college, taking office on July 15, 2015. It was announced on May 12, 2020, that Staton would retire effective December 31, 2020.
Staton was awarded an honorary Doctorate of Public Service at Presbyterian's 2015 commencement.

### Run for State Superintendent of Education

On January 4, 2006, Staton announced his candidacy for the position of South Carolina State Superintendent of Education. He finished second in a contested Republican primary and conceded the race on June 14, 2006, having received just shy of 35% of the vote compared to Karen Floyd's 50.5%.
2006 South Carolina State Superintendent of Education Republican primary :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | Republican | Karen Floyd | 120,684 | 50.5 |
| | Republican | Bob Staton | 82,777 | 34.6 |
| | Republican | Mike Ryan | 17,332 | 7.3 |
| | Republican | Elizabeth Moffly | 10,995 | 4.6 |
| | Republican | Kerry Wood | 7,156 | 3 |
| Total votes | Total votes | Total votes | 238,944 | 100 |

## Personal life

Staton is married to his wife, Phyllis, a former manager at Palmetto Health, with whom he has four children. Staton currently serves as an elder at Cherokee Presbyterian Church, located in Gilbert, South Carolina.
# Havareh Barzeh

Havareh Barzeh (Persian: هواره برزه, also Romanized as Havāreh Barzeh; also known as Havār Barzeh) is a village in Behi-e Feyzolah Beygi Rural District, in the Central District of Bukan County, West Azerbaijan province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 126, in 20 families.
# Şinasi Şahingiray

Şinasi Şahingiray (born 31 July 1905, date of death unknown) was a Turkish sprinter. He competed in the men's 100 metres at the 1928 Summer Olympics. He was twenty-two years old when he competed, and ranked fourth in the 100 Metre Dash. His personal best time for the 100 Metre Dash was 11.4 seconds.
# Burnaby Range

The Burnaby Range is a small subrange of the Kitimat Ranges, located on Pit Island, British Columbia, Canada. It contains only one named mountain called Sylvan Peak.
# Muiris Ó Fithcheallaigh

Muiris Ó Fithcheallaigh, or Maurice O'Fihely, in Latin Mauritius de Portu Hibernicus or Mauritius Hibernicus; c.1460 – 25 March 1513) was an Irish Franciscan theologian and Archbishop of Tuam. O'Fihely was an esteemed scholar.

## Life

According to James Lynch, Fihely was a native of Clonfert in Galway, but according to James Ware and Anthony à Wood he was a native of Baltimore, County Cork.
Benignus Millett OFM, suggests that he joined the Conventual Franciscans at Kilnalehin, and received his initial training in the studium attached to the friary. Later he studied at the University of Padua, where he obtained the degree of Doctor of Divinity.
In 1488, he was appointed regent of the Franciscan studium generale in Milan. On 1491 he was appointed professor of theology at Padua, a position he held through 1505. O'Fihely acted for some time as corrector of proofs to two well-known publishers at Venice, Scott and Locatelli — in the early days of printing a task usually entrusted to very learned men— and he was one of the first Irishmen to engage with the new technology of the printing press. O'Fihely was acknowledged as one of the most learned men of his time.
In 1506 he was appointed minister provincial of the Irish Franciscan province.
In 1506, he was appointed as Archbishop of Tuam and was consecrated at Rome by Pope Julius II. In 1513, he received a Scholastic Accolade from the Church, styled as Doctor Flos Mundi.
He did not return to Ireland till 1513, in the meantime attending as Archbishop of Tuam the first two sessions of the Fifth Lateran Council (1512). On leaving for Ireland to take formal possession of his see, O'Fihely procured from the pope an indulgence for all those who would be present at his first Mass in Tuam. However, he was destined not to reach Tuam, for he fell ill in Galway and died there in the Franciscan convent.

## Works

O'Fihely is chiefly known as the editor of many of the works of Duns Scotus. His learning and scholarship were held in very high esteem during his own time, and some of his notes on Duns Scotus were valued over a century later. He wrote a commentary on the works of Scotus which was printed at Venice about 1497. He dedicated his 1505 Enchiridion fidei to Gerald FitzGerald, 8th Earl of Kildare.
# Akbarabad, Pakistan

Akbarabad (Urdu: اکبر آباد), is a town and Union Council of Kasur District in the Punjab province of Pakistan.
# Nordre Ål Church

Nordre Ål Church (Norwegian: Nordre Ål kirke) is a parish church of the Church of Norway in Lillehammer Municipality in Innlandet county, Norway. It is located in the town of Lillehammer. It is the church for the Nordre Ål parish which is part of the Sør-Gudbrandsdal prosti (deanery) in the Diocese of Hamar. The brown, concrete and wood church was built in a fan-shaped design in 1994 using plans drawn up by the architect Willy Sveen. The church seats about 550 people.

## History

The people living in the northern part of the town of Lillehammer began pushing for a church of their own as early as the 1930s. During the 1970s, a committee was formed to build a church and land was purchased in 1973. However, no municipal funds were allotted for the church, so the land was used for other purposes. Again in 1984, another committee was formed for building a new church. The cemetery's location was purchased and approved in 1985, and an architectural group was appointed in 1987. Willy Sveen was the project manager, and he is usually credited as the architect for the building. Plans for the new church were presented in 1987 and approved in 1988. After some postponements, the church was included in the plans for the 1994 Olympic games in Lillehammer. The Olympic village where participants were going to live was near the Nordre Ål cemetery. The church, which was originally intended to be located southwest of the cemetery, was built northeast of it, and during the Olympics, the building was used as a bar, disco, and cinema before it was consecrated as a church. The actual consecration of the church took place on 2 October 1994.

## Nordre Ål parish

Gårdsnummer 37-58 were included in this parish. The attached KML file shows the church location and the farm locations in Gnr/Bnr format.
# Liberal Democratic Party (Chile, 1893)

The Liberal Democratic Party (Spanish: Partido Liberal Democrático, PLD), also called Balmacedists, was a liberal party in Chile. It was one of the main actors of the Chilean parliamentary system from 1891 to 1925.

## Liberal Democratic Party or balmacedist 1893–1933

The Liberal Democratic Party or balmacedist was formed on 5 November 1893 during a convention in Talca. It assembled former supporters of president José Manuel Balmaceda. Its party platform was a return to a strong presidency like those previous to the 1891 Chilean Civil War.
The LDP would split into the LDP-Aliancist, supporters of Arturo Alessandri and the LDP-Unionist, the opposers to Alessandri. It lasted until 1930, when it merged into the United Liberal Party. After the downfall of president Carlos Ibáñez in 1931 it rearranged as an independent party before finally merging into the Liberal Party in 1933.

### Results in parliamentary elections

| Year of elections (parliament seats) | Number of members of the parliament | Votes members of the parliament |
| 1894 (94) | 22 | n/d |
| 1897 (94) | 22 | n/d |
| 1900 (94) | 22 | n/d |
| 1903 (94) | 27 | n/d |
| 1906 (94) | 20 | n/d |
| 1909 (94) | 15 | n/d |
| 1912 (118) | 27 | n/d |
| 1915 (118) | 21 | n/d |
| 1918 (118) | 15 | n/d |
| 1921 (118) | 8 | n/d |
| 1924 (118) | 9 | n/d |
| 1932 (142) | 1 | 1.086 (0.5%) |

## Presidential candidates

The following is a list of the presidential candidates supported by the Liberal Democratic Party (balmacedist). (Information gathered from the Archive of Chilean Elections).
* 1896: Vicente Reyes (lost)
* 1901: Germán Riesco (won)
* 1906: Fernando Lazcano (lost)
* 1910: Ramón Barros Luco (won)
* 1915: Juan Luis Sanfuentes (won)
* 1920: Arturo Alessandri (won), Luis Barros Borgoño (lost)
* 1925: Emiliano Figueroa (won)
* 1927: none
* 1931: Arturo Alessandri (lost)
* 1932: Enrique Zañartu Prieto (lost)
# Courry

Courry (French pronunciation:; Occitan: Corri) is a commune in the Gard department in southern France.
# Gaztaf-e Olya

Gaztaf-e Olya (Persian: گزطاف عليا, also Romanized as Gazţāf-e ‘Olyā; also known as Gazāb, Gaz Şāf-e ‘Olyā, and Gazţāf-e Bālā) is a village in Hendudur Rural District, Sarband District, Shazand County, Markazi Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 83, in 15 families.
# Celal Şener

Celal Şener (born 10 September 1973) is a Turkish cross-country skier. He competed in the men's 10 kilometre classical event at the 1992 Winter Olympics.
# Linda Le

Linda Le (born December 15, 1982) is an American cosplayer, costumer, model, artist and Internet personality of Vietnamese descent. She is also known as Vampy Bit Me, or just Vampy or Vamp; "Vampy" is also a name she has given to her own fictional character persona.

## Biography
### Early life

Born in Okmulgee, Oklahoma to a family of Vietnamese immigrants, Le moved to and grew up in San Jose, California where she graduated with a business degree from San Jose State University while doing various odd jobs. She later studied hairstyling from Paul Mitchell's in the U.S., Toni & Guy in London, as well as in Tokyo, before returning to America where she began teaching makeup and modeling. She has been dressing up as classic anime and video game characters since she was 12.

### Cosplaying

Her early fame came after some of her cosplays were featured in the showcase book Otacool 2 by Japanese toy and collectible company Kotobukiya. Le then collaborated with Street Fighter artist Long Vo to create artwork and a comic for Udon Entertainment's book VENT, as well as with Sideshow Collectibles' sculptor Tim Miller, theCHIVE, Gibson Guitar Corporation, KusoVinyl, Myx TV, Manga Entertainment UK and Bang Zoom! Entertainment, Jessica Chobot, and other artists and companies in the USA and Japan. Le is a part of costume and armor prop-making group Team Mantium Designs, later renamed Mantium Industries, and a video gamer sponsored by Mad Catz. Le has been writing a column for YouBentMyWookie and in 2012 she joined Nerdist Industries to produce Just Cos, an Internet show about the world of cosplay, co-hosted by Chloe Dykstra. Le was a member of Kat Gunn's professional gaming and cosplay team, Less Than 3 (LT3), which was also sponsored by Mad Catz. FHM Singapore featured her in the December 2013 issue, including on the cover.
She is a particular fan of Psylocke from X-Men, of whom she cosplayed in every version of the character, and of Morrigan Aensland from Darkstalkers. In 2013 interviews, Le said she works "almost 15 hour days and sleep about the maximum is around 4 hours", her favourite costume so far was the one of Teresa from Claymore, the most ambitious costume was Morrigan's, and the oddest costume request she has got was "the almost-naked Kasumi from Dead or Alive." She has been to over 200 American fan conventions between 2008 and 2013, when she has decided to "take some time off" later that year. Amped Asia in 2010 called her "probably the #1 most universally attractive Asian girl on the planet due to her geekiness (and sexiness too)." IGN in 2011 opined "her cosplay skill is off the charts." According to Kotaku in 2012, "Linda is a cosplay machine, renowned not just for the quality of her costumes, but their variety as well;" Kotaku has also previously described her as "incredibly attractive" and her works as "amazing". Asked in 2013 as where she sees herself in 20 years from now, Le answered: "Cosplay is great, but I can't be doing it forever ... Hopefully, I'll have my own costume line, come up with toys and do something related to the arts scene."
# Greverud Station

Greverud Station (Norwegian: Greverud holdeplass) is a railway station at Greverud in Oppegård, Norway. Located on the Østfold Line it is served by the Oslo Commuter Rail line L2 operated by Vy with two hourly services. The station was opened in 1919.
# Krzyczki Szumne

Krzyczki Szumne is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Nasielsk, within Nowy Dwór County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland.
# Alyaksey Yanushkevich

Alyaksey Yanushkevich (Belarusian: Аляксей Янушкевіч; Russian: Алексей Янушкевич; born 15 January 1986) is a Belarusian professional footballer.

## International career

Yanushkevich made his debut for the Belarus national football team on 15 November 2014, in a Euro 2016 qualifier against Spain, playing the full 90 minutes.

## Honours

Shakhtyor Soligorsk
* Belarusian Cup winner: 2013–14
# Farangi, Florina

Farangi (Greek: Φαράγγι, before 1927: Οκλεμέζ – Oklemez) is a village in Florina Regional Unit, Macedonia, Greece.
The 1920 Greek census recorded 250 people in the village, and 250 inhabitants were Muslim in 1923. Following the Greek–Turkish population exchange, Greek refugee families in Oklemez were from Asia Minor (28) in 1926. The 1928 Greek census recorded 135 village inhabitants. In 1928, the refugee families numbered 26 (109 people).
# Kusehlar-e Olya

Kusehlar-e Olya (Persian: كوسه لرعليا, also Romanized as Kūsehlar-e ‘Olyā; also known as Kūsālār-e ‘Olyā) is a village in Zarrineh Rud Rural District, in the Central District of Miandoab County, West Azerbaijan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 469, in 131 families.
# Generación del 45

The Generation '45 (Spanish: Generación del 45) was a group of writers, mainly from Uruguay, who had a notable influence in the literary and cultural life of their country and region. Their name derives from the fact that their careers started out mainly between 1945 and 1950.

## Writers

Some of the writers who belonged to this group were Juan Carlos Onetti, Manuel Flores Mora, Mario Benedetti, Sarandy Cabrera, Carlos Martínez Moreno, Ángel Rama, Carlos Real de Azúa, Carlos Maggi, Alfredo Gravina, Mario Arregui, Amanda Berenguer, Humberto Megget, María Inés Silva Vila, Tola Invernizzi, Emir Rodríguez Monegal, Mauricio Muller, Ida Vitale, Idea Vilariño, Gladys Castelvecchi, José Pedro Díaz, Líber Falco, Carlos Brandy, María de Montserrat, Giselda Zani, Armonía Somers, Juan Cunha.
# Sfinx

Sfinx may refer to:
* SFINX, Service for French Internet Exchange
* Sfinx (band), a Romanian rock band
* Edle Hartmann (1862–1946), pen name Sfinx, Norwegian writer
* Sfinx, a restaurant chain in Poland
* Sfinx, candy manufacturer located in Holešov, Czech Republic
# Volzhsk

Volzhsk (Russian: Волжск; Mari: Юлсер-Ола, Julser-Ola) is a town in the Mari El Republic, Russia, located near the Mari El–Tatarstan–Chuvashia border and a part of the Kazan metropolitan area. Population: 55,659 (2010 Census); 58,967 (2002 Census); 60,919 (1989 Soviet census).

## Administrative and municipal status

Within the framework of administrative divisions, Volzhsk serves as the administrative center of Volzhsky District, even though it is not a part of it. As an administrative division, it is incorporated separately as the town of republic significance of Volzhsk—an administrative unit with the status equal to that of the districts. As a municipal division, the town of republic significance of Volzhsk is incorporated as Volzhsk Urban Okrug.
# Krzynowłoga Wielka

Krzynowłoga Wielka is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Chorzele, within Przasnysz County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately 5 kilometres (3 mi) south-west of Chorzele, 23 km (14 mi) north of Przasnysz, and 112 km (70 mi) north of Warsaw.
# Nathaniel Sneyd

Nathaniel Sneyd (c. 1767 – 31 July 1833) was an Irish politician, landowner and businessman. He was a Member of the Parliament of Ireland representing the Carrick constituency from 1794 to 1800 and was High Sheriff of Cavan in 1795.
He briefly represented the County Cavan Parliament of Ireland constituency which was succeeded after the Union with Great Britain in 1801 by the Westminster constituency of County Cavan, which he represented from 1801 until 1826. In general election of 1806 he contested two constituencies for Parliament, winning both and choosing to represent Cavan over Enniskillen.
In Cavan, Sneyd lived in Ballyconnell and owned plantation lands around Bawnboy. From 1800, he was president of the Bawnboy Farming Society, the first founded in County Cavan. In 1801 he was appointed Custos Rotulorum of Cavan.
On 29 July 1833, in Westmoreland Street, Dublin, Nathaniel Sneyd was shot in the head by a madman, John Mason, who had a grudge against the firm of wine merchants Sneyd, French and Barton, where Sneyd was senior partner. Sneyd died of his wounds two days later. He had two memorials, one in Cavan and a life-size neo-classical recumbent effigy in the crypt of Christ Church Cathedral, Dublin. The sculptor Thomas Kirk represented Sneyd lying dead with a female figure weeping over him.

## Family

Sneyd was married to Alice Montgomery, the daughter of George Leslie Montgomery MP, of Ballyconnell, County Cavan.
# Qarah Baraz

Qarah Baraz (Persian: قره براز, also Romanized as Qarah Barāz; also known as Qareh Barār) is a village in Behi-e Feyzolah Beygi Rural District, in the Central District of Bukan County, West Azerbaijan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 213, in 45 families.
# Mehmetbulent Torpil

Mehmetbulent Torpil (June 17, 1965 – April 8, 2016) was a Turkish sport shooter. He competed at the 1988 Summer Olympics in the mixed skeet event, in which he tied for 13th place.
Torpil was youth world champion in 1984 and the runner-up at the world championships in 1993. He holds several national records. After his death, a national trap shooting competition, organized by the Turkish Shooting and Hunting Federation, was named in his honor.
# Forpost Starovatazhensky

Forpost Starovatazhensky (Russian: Форпост Староватаженский) is a rural locality (a selo) in Tishkovsky Selsoviet of Volodarsky District, Astrakhan Oblast, Russia. The population was 281 as of 2010. There is 1 street.

## Geography

Forpost Starovatazhensky is located 109 km (68 mi) south of Volodarsky (the district's administrative centre) by road. Tishkovo is the nearest rural locality.
# Ariyankuppam (West)

Ariyankuppam (West) is a panchayat village in Ariyankuppam Commune in the Union Territory of Puducherry, India.

## Geography

Ariyankuppam (West) is bordered by Ariyankuppam River in the north, Ariyankuppam in the east, Sankaraparani River in the south and Chinna Irusampalayam (Tamil Nadu) in the West. The portion of Ariyankuppam located west of NH-45A and Tollgate comes under Ariyankuppam (West) Village Panchayat.

## Demographics

Ariyankuppam (West) has an average literacy rate of 81.49%, male literacy is 88.89%, and female literacy is 74.13%. In Ariyankuppam (West), 10% of the population is under 6 years of age.

## Villages

Following are the villages under Ariyankuppam (West) Village Panchayat.
* Arunthathipuram
* Tollgate
* Nonankuppam

## Tourism
### Chunnambar Boat House

Chunnambar Boat House (Tamil: சுன்னாம்பாறு படகு துறை) is located in Ariyankuppam. It is one of the major tourist spot in Puducherry and it can be reached at a distance of 7 km from Puducherry. The boat house needs to be renamed either Ariyankuppam Boat House or Sankaraparani Boat House as it is located in Sankaraparani river bank at Ariyankuppam. Chunnambar is a name given to Sankaraparani river. The boat house comes under Ariyankuppam (West) village of Ariyankuppam Commune.

### PachaiVazhiAmman Kovil

Arulmigu PachaiVazhiAmman sametha Mannathaswamy Kovil11°53′05″N 79°48′05″E﻿ / ﻿11.884633°N 79.801388°E﻿ / 11.884633; 79.801388 is an ancient temple of Ariyankuppam dating to the 17th century. It is located between Ariyankuppam and Chunnambar Boat House at a distance of 1.2 km from Ariyankuppam. The presiding deity is Goddess Pachaivazhiamman (Tamil: பச்சைவாழி அம்மன்)

## Politics

Ariyankuppam (West) up to Ariyankuppam Police Station is a part of Ariyankuppam (State Assembly Constituency), Whereas Nonakuppam and Tollgate comes under Manavely (State Assembly Constituency) which is under Puducherry (Lok Sabha constituency)

## Gallery

* Ariyankuppam (West) Village Panchayat Office