# R. Ross Holloway

Robert Ross Holloway (August 15, 1934 – June 30, 2022) was an American archaeologist, founder with Rolf Winkes of the Center for Classical Art and Archaeology at Brown University (now the Joukowsky Institute for Archaeology and the Ancient World), and the Elisha Benjamin Andrews Professor Emeritus of Brown University, where he taught from 1964 to his retirement in 2006.

## Biography and education

Holloway graduated from the Roxbury Latin School and Amherst College (summa cum laude). He took his Ph.D. at Princeton University in 1960, with a thesis "The elder turtles of Aigina".

## Academic career

Holloway joined Brown University in 1964, and rose to become the Elisha Benjamin Andrews Professor Emeritus at his retirement. His research interests include Greek and Roman numismatics, Greek art and architecture, the archaeology of Bronze Age Southern Italy and Sicily, the archaeology of ancient Rome and the history of the Early Roman Republic.
Throughout his career, Holloway has used archaeology not merely to support early published texts. but to develop and write history, whether or not it agrees with the literary history. As a reviewer of his work on early Rome and Latium writes
    [t]he reader will find out that this "archaeological history" of the primordia has scarcely any links with the records of Livy and of Dionysius of Halicarnassus. The "traditionalists", i.e. the ones who systematically and excessively interpret archaeological discoveries in full confidence of the global historicity of ancient records, might be somewhat upset, but in the field of history too, a face to face confrontation with the truth is much more advisable.
Another reviewer of his work on Constantine similarly indicates that the work was based on a body of evidence different from the traditional text-based studies:
    Who was Constantine? A religious opportunist? A benevolent but autocratic patron of Christianity? An intolerant despot? All these characterizations have been cogently proposed on the basis of scholarly analysis of documentary evidence and the sifting of historical data derived from textual research. This new book looks at a different body of evidence and captures the character of the man and his era from another angle—the buildings and monuments he erected in the city of Rome.
Holloway's field work has centered on Italy and Sicily in the Early and Middle Bronze Age. The radiocarbon dates from his excavations led to a shift of almost five centuries in Early Bronze Age chronology in this area, while the study of the Early Bronze Age blades from Buccino (Salerno) was one of the first to document the use of arsenic as a hardening agent in early bronze metallurgy. On the island of Ustica (74 km north of Palermo) his excavation of the citadel, the most perfectly preserved fortification of the Bronze Age in Italy or Sicily, discovered the first evidence of native stone sculpture in the same area. At the site of La Muculufa, Butera (slightly inland from the south coast of Sicily) he discovered a federal sanctuary of the Early Bronze Age, the first to be documented.
A Festschrift, Koine: Mediterranean studies in honor of R. Ross Holloway was published in his honor in 2009. The editor's preface summarizes his career:
    Holloway's recognition of the significance of traditionally underappreciated indigenous cultures within the wider milieu of trans-Italian and trans-Mediterranean contact has provided a framework within which many later studies have been situated (e.g., the contributions by Hussein, Tsakirgis, and McConnell in this volume). Today, such thinking is central to innumerable discussions of economic, demographic and social complexity of the Mediterranean. And yet, the very ubiquity of this approach today underscores its profound and revolutionary impact at a time when the idea of the classical world was far more narrowly defined than it is now. The introduction says that his study of numismatics
    has stressed [as well] both the skill of numismatic craft and the achievement of the craftsman for objects cast aside as mass produced and thus unable to speak to the individual.
In his academic career at Brown Holloway was instrumental in creating an independent home for the archaeology of the classical lands of the Mediterranean in the Center for Old World Archaeology and Art (COWA), now succeeded by the Joukowsky Institute for Archaeology and the Ancient World. In 1981, together with Prof. Tony Hackens of the Catholic University of Louvain (Belgium), he founded the series Archaeologia Transatlantica which reached 22 volumes. This was replaced in 2009, at Brown by, the Joukowsky Institute Publications.

## Awards and recognition

Holloway received the Gold Medal of the Archaeological Institute of America in 1995.
He held honorary doctorates from Amherst and the Catholic University of Louvain and was a corresponding member of the German Archaeological Institute, an honorary member of the Royal Belgian Numismatic Society, fellow of the Royal Numismatic Society (London), fellow of the American Academy in Rome, foreign member of the Italian Institute of Prehistoric and Protohistoric Studies (Florence), foreign member of the National Institute of Italic and Etruscan Studies (Florence).