OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Saaz hops

Saaz is a "noble" variety of hops. It was named after the Czech town of Žatec (German: Saaz). This hop is used extensively in Bohemia to flavor beer as the Czech pilsner.
Saaz hops accounted for more than +2⁄3 of total 2009 hop production in the Czech Republic. It is the main hop variety used in the production of global beer Stella Artois, a Belgian pilsner.

## Characteristics

Saaz has a distinctive flavour. When used in beer, the resultant aroma is very mild, earthy, herbal and spicy. Despite its popularity and noble pedigree, Saaz generally has a very low Alpha acid level and is not very effective as a bittering hop. This hop is generally used for Bohemian style lagers and pilseners.
Another variety of Saaz hops has been propagated in the United States of America. The US variety has a higher Alpha acid content than the original Czech variety.

## Acid and oil breakdown

| Property | Czech variety | US variety |
| Yield (kg/ha) | 800–1,200 | N/A |
| Alpha acids (%) | 2.5–4.0 | 6.3–7.0 |
| Beta acids (%) | 4.6–6.0 | N/A |
| Alpha/beta ratio | 0.6–0.9 | N/A |
| Cohumulone (% of alpha acids): | 23–26 | N/A |
| Colupulone (% of alpha acids): | 39–43 | N/A |
| Total oils (mls. per 100 grams dried hops) | 0.4–1.0 | 0.6 |
| Myrcene (as % of total oils) | 25–40 | 37 |
| Linalool (as % of total oils) | 0.4–0.8 | N/A |
| Caryophyllene (as % of total oils) | 6–9 | 7 |
| Humulene (as % of total oils) | 15–25 | 23 |
| Farnesene (as % of total oils) | 14–20 | N/A |
| Selinenes (as % of total oils) | 0.5–1.5 | N/A |
| Possible substitutions | Centennial, Amarillo, Motueka, Stirling, Summer | Centennial, Amarillo, Motueka, Stirling, Summer |
# Dostoevsky and Parricide

"Dostoevsky and Parricide" (German: Dostojewski und die Vatertötung) is an introductory article contributed by Sigmund Freud to a scholarly collection on the 1880 novel The Brothers Karamazov by Fyodor Dostoyevsky. The collection was published in 1928. The article argues that it is no coincidence that some of the greatest works of world literature – including Oedipus Rex, Hamlet, as well as The Brothers Karamazov – all concern parricide, which in Dostoevsky's case Freud links to his epilepsy.
Ernest Jones termed the piece "Freud's last contribution to the psychology of literature and his most brilliant"; Freud himself however called it "this trivial essay. It was written as a favour for someone and written reluctantly".

## Gambling

The second section of Freud's essay turned away from a primary consideration of The Brothers Karamazov to consider the related question of Dostoevsky's gambling. Freud saw gambling as a defiant struggle with Fate (concealing the father figure); the associated guilt was the reason for the gambler's compulsion to lose. As Freud himself put it with reference to Dostoyevsky's wife:
   "she had noticed that the one thing which offered any real hope of salvation – his literary production – never went better than when they had lost everything....When his sense of guilt was satisfied by the punishments he had inflicted on himself, the inhibition on his work became less severe."
# Sredets, Burgas Province

Sredets (Bulgarian: Средец) is a town in Burgas Province in southeastern Bulgaria. It is located near Lake Mandrensko and the northern slopes of Strandzha. Sredets is the administrative centre of Sredets Municipality.
Sredets Point on Smith Island, Antarctica is named after the town.

## History

The Roman fortress of Kaleto, located 2 km southwest of Sredets, was constructed at the end of the fifth and beginning of sixth century AD. Under the First Bulgarian Empire, the fortress became known as Potamukastel (Bulgarian: Потамукастел). Potamukastel was destroyed in the 11th century, but later rebuilt in the 12th century AD. The fortress was abandoned during Ottoman rule of Bulgaria, and the population of Potamukastel resettled at the location of the modern town and founded the village of Karabunar (Bulgarian: Карабунар) ("black well" in Turkish).
Karabunar is first mentioned in 1595, and is later found in Ottoman tax registers from 1676–1731. King Charles XII of Sweden is known to have stayed overnight in the village in 1713 en route to Constantinople, and St. Sophronius of Vratsa worked as a teacher in Karabunar in 1792–1793. Russian Army data from 1827 mentions it as a purely Bulgarian village and it was visited by Vasil Levski in 1868. During the Russo-Turkish War of 1877–78, the area was occupied by the Russian 93rd Irkutsk Infantry Regiment on 16 February 1878. Karabunar became part of the autonomous province of Eastern Rumelia after the war and was annexed by the Principality of Bulgaria in 1885.
The village was renamed Sredets on 14 August 1934. Under Communist rule, the village was renamed Grudovo on 1 June 1950 in honour of Todor Grudov, a leader of the Communist September Uprising of 1923 and former mayor of the village. Grudovo was granted the status of town on 6 February 1960 and, following the fall of Communism in Bulgaria, on 23 January 1993, the town was renamed Sredets.

## Municipality

Sredets is also the seat of Sredets municipality (part of Burgas Province), which in addition to the town also includes the following 31 villages:
| Belevren Belila Bistrets Bogdanovo Debelt Dolno Yabalkovo Draka Drachevo Dyulevo Fakiya Golyamo Bukovo Gorno Yabalkovo Granichar Granitets Kirovo Kubadin | Malina Momina Tsarkva Orlintsi Panchevo Prohod Radoynovo Rosenovo Svetlina Sinyo Kamene Slivovo Suhodol Trakiytsi Varovnik Valchanovo Zagortsi Zornitsa |
# Abd al-Ghani al-Maqdisi

Abd al-Ghani ibn Abd al-Wahid al-Maqdisi (Arabic: عبد الغني بن عبد الوحيد المقدسي, romanized: ʿAbd al-Ghāni ibn ʿAbd al-Waḥīd al-Maqdisī; 1146 – 1203) was a classical Sunni Islamic scholar and a prominent hadith master. He was born in 1146 CE (541 AH) in the village of Jummail in Palestine. He studied with scholars in Damascus; many of whom were from his own extended family. He studied with the Imam of Tasawwuf, Shaykh Abdul Qadir al-Jilani. He was the first person to establish a school on Mount Qasioun near Damascus. He died in 1203 CE (600 AH).
He was a relative of Diya al-Din al-Maqdisi, as his mother and Diya al-Din al-Maqdisi's grandmother were sisters. He had three sons named Muhammad, Abdullah and Abdur-Rahman, all of whom became prominent scholars. The scholar, Ibn Qudamah al-Maqdisi was the maternal cousin of Abdul-Ghani, and Ibn Qudāmah described his association with Abdul-Ghani as:
"My friend in childhood and in seeking knowledge, and never did we race to goodness except that he would precede me to it, with the exception of [a] small [number of occasions]"
He was the author of Al-Kamal fi Asma' al-Rijal, a collection of biographies of hadith narrators within the Islamic discipline of biographical evaluation.

## Works

His works include:
* Kitāb ut-Tawḥīd
* Akhbār Ad-Dajjāl
* Al-`Itiqād - A short text that outlines the foundational creed.
* Al-Jāmi' as-Saghīr Li Ahkām al-Bashīr an-Nadhīr
* I`tiqād ul-Imām Ash-Shafi`ī -The author shows the complete agreement between all the Imams on foundational theology and particularly the Imam’s dislike for speculative theology.
* Al-Ahkām
* Al-Arba'īn Min Kalām Rabbil-Aalamīn
* Amr bi-l-Maʿrūf wa-n-Nahy ʿani-l-Munkar
* At-Targhīb fid-Du'ā al-Hathth Alayhi
* At-Tawakkul was Su'āl Allāh Azza wa Jall
* Al-Aathār al-Mardiyyah Fī Fadā'il Khayr il-Bariyyah
* Al-Iqtiṣād fil-I'tiqād-This is a book on advanced theology that itemises creed into a series of themes.
* Al-Miṣbaḥ fī `Uyun il-Aḥādith aṣ-Ṣiḥaḥ
* Mukhtaṣar Sīrah an-Nabī wa Sīrah Aṣḥabihi al-‘Asharah (Short Biographies of the Prophet and His Ten Companions who were given the Tidings of Paradise)
* Ṭuḥfat ut-Ṭālibīn fīl Jīhad wal-Mujāhidīn
* Umdat ul-Aḥkām min Kalām Khayr il-Kalām
* Umdat ul-Aḥkām al-kubrā - Extended version of Umdat ul-Aḥkām min Kalām Khayr il-Kalām.
* Faḍā'il ul-Hajj
* Faḍā'il us-Ṣadaqah
* Faḍā'il Ashar Dhil-Hijjah
* Faḍā'il Umar bin al-Khattāb
* Faḍā'il Makkah
* Al-Kamāl Fī Ma'rifat ir-Rijāl
* Miḥnah Imām Aḥmad bin Ḥanbal
# The Beauty of the Alhambra

The Beauty of the Alhambra (Spanish: La bella del Alhambra) is a 1989 Cuban drama film directed by Enrique Pineda Barnet. The film was selected as the Cuban entry for the Best Foreign Language Film at the 63rd Academy Awards, but was not accepted as a nominee.

## Cast

* Beatriz Valdés as Rachel
* Omar Valdés as Federico
* César Évora as Amante Rachel
* Carlos Cruz as Adolfito
* Isabel Moreno as La mejicana
* Jorge Martínez as Jorge
# Sadid, South Khorasan

Sadid (Persian: سديد, also Romanized as Sadīd) is a village in Naharjan Rural District, Mud District, Sarbisheh County, South Khorasan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 47, in 11 families.
# Belarusian Labour Party

The Belarusian Labour Party (Belarusian: Беларуская партыя працы, Biełaruskaja Partyja Pracy) is a social-democratic political party in Belarus, that opposes the government of president Alexander Lukashenko. The leader of the party is Alaksandar Buchvostaŭ.
At the last legislative elections, 13–17 October 2004, the party was part of the People's Coalition 5 Plus (Narodnaya Kaalicyja Piaciorka Plus), which failed to secure a seat. These elections fell significantly short of OSCE commitments, according to the OSCE/ODIHR Election Observation Mission. Universal principles and constitutionally guaranteed rights of expression, association and assembly were seriously challenged, calling into question the Belarusian authorities' willingness to respect the concept of political competition on a basis of equal treatment. According to this mission principles of an inclusive democratic process, whereby citizens have the right to seek political office without discrimination, candidates to present their views without obstruction, and voters to learn about them and discuss them freely, were largely ignored.
On August 2, 2004, the Supreme Court of Belarus liquidated the Belarusian Labour Party, and in 2005 some members split from the party to form the Belarusian Social Democratic Party (Assembly).
The party does not have a website.
# Abd al-Razzaq Lahiji

ʿAbd-Al-Razzāq B. ʿAlī B. Al-Hosayn Lāhījī (died c. 1072 AH [1662 CE]) was an Iranian theologian, poet and philosopher. His mentor in philosophy was his father-in-law Mulla Sadra.

## Life

Hailing from Lahijan in Gilan, he spent most of his life in Qom. Abd al-Razzaq was a son-in-law of Mulla Sadra along with Molla Mohsen Fayz Kashani. His son Hasan would become another prominent theologian and philosopher of the Safavid dynasty. Seyyed Hossein Nasr knows him among the intellectual figures in Persia. Abd al-Razzaq was in agreement with Molla Sadra as to the contrast between primacy of quiddity and primacy of existence.

## Works

* Gawhar-e morād (Tehran, 1271 AH), a detailed exposition of his theology
* Sarmāya-ye īmān
* Dīvān, a volume of his poetry
* Tašrīqāt, three treatises on divine unity, justice and love

## Teaching and pupils

According to Madlung, Abd-Razzaq taught at the Masumieh madrasah. There his prominent pupils included his sons Hasan and Ebrahim as well as Qazi Saeed Qommi.

## Philosophy

Lāhīǰī stands at the end of a transition in Islamic scholastic theology in which the thought system of kalam was gradually replaced by that of falsafa, heavily influenced by the school of Avicenna. Lahiji in fact developed a form of Kalam which is hardly distinguishable from Hikmat, although at least in his better known works such as the "Gawhar-e morād" he does not follow the main doctrinal teachings of Mulla Sadra, as on the unity of Being and the catharsis of the faculty of imagination.
# Vippetangen Line

The Vippetangen Line or the Grain Tram (Norwegian: Korntrikken) is a former line of the Oslo Tramway, Norway, that ran from Tollbugata in the city center to Vippetangen between 1900 and 1967. It was built by Kristiania Kommunale Sporveie (KKS).

## History

The line was built as the third and final by the municipal Kristiania Kommunale Sporvei, opening on 28 August 1900. The service went through the city center to Athaeneum to St. Hanshaugen. The track was transferred to Kristiania Sporveisselskab (KSS) when it bought KKS in 1905, and again to Oslo Sporveier in 1924 when it took over KSS. Just after the KSS takeover the line was extended from Festningsbryggen to Vippetangen on 8 November 1905. The Vippetangen area is an important ferry quay and port that grew up, and both domestic and international ships provided the basis for passengers. Passenger transport was terminated in August 1964 as part of the plan to abandon the tramway network in Oslo.
From 1918 KSS started operating freight trams transporting grain from the silos at Vippetangen to the mills in Grünerløkka and Sandaker. Four passenger cars were rebuilt to carry the cargo, but in 1932 two specially built freight cars were built; the service was very profitable, and the mill company Bjølsen Valsemølle wanted to continue the service after, but road construction forced the tram line to be pulled up after the last service ran on 15 February 1967.

## Future plans

Though the old tracks have been razed, plans exist to build a new tramway to serve Vippetangen. The new line, that would be part of the "Fjord Line" would follow around the edge of the peninsula, instead of running through it. There are no specific dates for this expansion that is to become the main transport corridor through the urban renewal project named the Fjord City.
# SS Gothic (1947)

SS Gothic was a passenger-cargo liner launched in December 1947, though not completed until a year later. She became the most famous of the quartet when she was designated a royal yacht from 1952 to 1954.

## Construction and commercial service

Gothic was built by Swan Hunter, Wallsend-on-Tyne, England (yard 1759), the fourth and final of the Corinthic-class liners ordered by the Shaw, Savill & Albion Line in 1946. Her sister ships were Corinthic, Athenic and Ceramic. She was launched on 12 December 1947, completed in December 1948, and departed on her maiden voyage on 23 December 1948, sailing from Liverpool to Sydney.
The quartet joined the much larger QSMV Dominion Monarch on the UK to New Zealand service. Each ship was around 15,000 GRT and accommodated 85 first class passengers. Each had 6 large holds, with space for 668,000 cubic feet (18,900 m$^3$) of cargo, of which 510,000 cubic feet (14,000 m$^3$) was for refrigerated goods.
In 1969 she was sold to China Steel Corp and arrived at Kaohsiung for demolition on 13 August that year.

## Royal yacht

In 1952, Gothic was sent to Cammell Laird shipyards to be refitted to become the royal yacht for a tour of Australia and New Zealand. Although the tour was cancelled due to the death of King George VI, considerable work had already been completed and she returned in 1953 to complete the refit, which included a white-painted hull. In 1954 the Queen's visit to Australia occurred and Gothic was used for the visit. The Australian Government film The Queen in Australia 1954 featured the ship in Sydney on arrival and Fremantle on departure three months later. This visit was part of Queen Elizabeth II's coronation world tour in 1954.

## Citations

* 1 2 "Gothic (5134088)". Miramar Ship Index. Retrieved 2 April 2018.
* ↑ Madge, Tim (1997). Royal Yachts of the World. Thomas Reed Publications. pp. 146–7. ISBN 0-901281-74-3.
# On Heaven and Earth

On Heaven and Earth (Spanish: Sobre el cielo y la tierra) is a book that presents conversations between Argentine Cardinal Jorge Bergoglio, who later became Pope Francis, and Argentine rabbi Abraham Skorka. The book is about faith, family and the Catholic Church in the 21st century. It was first published in Spanish in 2010 and appeared in an English translation in 2013.
The book's contents received attention following Bergoglio's election to the papacy in 2013.

## Contents

On clerical celibacy, Bergoglio said:
   For now the discipline of celibacy remains firm. Some say, with a certain pragmatism, we're losing manpower. If, hypothetically, Western Catholicism revises the issue of celibacy, I think it would be for cultural reasons (as in the East), not as a universal option. For the moment, I am in favor of maintaining celibacy, with the pros and cons it has, because there are 10 centuries of good experiences rather than failures.... It is a matter of discipline, not of faith. It can change.
Bergoglio described same-sex marriage as "a weakening of the institution of marriage, an institution that has existed for thousands of years and is 'forged according to nature and anthropology'". Bergoglio also said that there would be "affected children" by same-sex couples with adoption rights: "Every person needs a male father and a female mother that can help them shape their identity."
# Gunnar Söderlindh

Gunnar Söderlindh (10 February 1896 – 26 December 1969) was a Swedish gymnast who competed in the 1920 Summer Olympics. He was part of the Swedish team, which won the gold medal in the gymnastics men's team, Swedish system event in 1920.
# Dhi Qar SC

Dhi Qar Sport Club (Arabic: نادي ذي قار الرياضي) is an Iraqi football team based in Dhi Qar, that plays in Iraqi Second Division League.

## Managerial history

* Jalil Ibrahim
# Helmut Wagner (athlete)

Helmut Wagner (born 8 April 1945) is an East German sprint canoer who competed in the late 1960s. He finished seventh in the C-2 1000 m event at the 1968 Summer Olympics in Mexico City.
# Suvorovo Municipality

Suvorovo Municipality (Bulgarian: Община Суворово) is a municipality (obshtina) in Varna Province, Northeastern Bulgaria, not far from the Bulgarian Black Sea Coast. It is named after its administrative centre – the town of Suvorovo.
The municipality embraces a territory of 216 km$^2$ (83 sq mi) with a population of 7,544 inhabitants, as of December 2009.

## Settlements

Suvorovo Municipality includes the following 9 places (towns are shown in bold):
| Town/Village | Cyrillic | Population (December 2009) |
| Suvorovo | Суворово | 4,723 |
| Banovo | Баново | 137 |
| Chernevo | Чернево | 1,386 |
| Drandar | Дръндар | 185 |
| Izgrev | Изгрев | 210 |
| Kalimantsi | Калиманци | 214 |
| Levski | Левски | 173 |
| Nikolaevka | Николаевка | 494 |
| Prosechen | Просечен | 22 |
| Total | | 7,544 |

## Demography

The following table shows the change of the population during the last four decades.
Suvorovo Municipality :
| Year | 1975 | 1985 | 1992 | 2001 | 2005 | 2007 | 2009 | 2011 |
| Population | 9,410 | 8,273 | 7,913 | 7,658 | 7,115 | 7,293 | 7,544 | ... |
| Sources: Census 2001, Census 2011, „pop-stat.mashke.org“, |||||||||

### Religion

According to the latest Bulgarian census of 2011, the religious composition, among those who answered the optional question on religious identification, was the following:
Religious composition of Suvorovo Municipality
Orthodox Christianity
59.7%
Catholicism
0.3%
Protestantism
0.8%
Islam
17.9%
No religion
5.3%
Prefer not to answer, others and indefinable
16.0% :
A majority of the population of Suvorovo Municipality identify themselves as Christians. At the 2011 census, 59.7% of respondents identified as Orthodox Christians belonging to the Bulgarian Orthodox Church. Muslims constitute the largest minority with 17.9% of the population.
# Narosa conspersa

Narosa conspersa is a moth of the family Limacodidae first described by Francis Walker in 1855. It is found in Sri Lanka.
# Vysheysha shkola

Vysheysha shkola (Belarusian: Вышэйшая школа) is a state-owned publishing house in Minsk, Belarus, specialized in publishing academic books.
# Angela Cardoso (tennis)

Angela Cardoso (born 13 May 1980) is a former Portuguese professional female tennis player.
She has achieved a career-high singles ranking of no. 580 as of 23 April 2001. Career-high doubles ranking of no. 435 as of 21 May 2001. Cardoso made her WTA main draw debut at the 1999 Estoril Open and 2002 Estoril Open in the doubles event partnering Cristina Correia.
Playing for Portugal at the Fed Cup, Cardoso has a win–loss record of 9–9.
Cardoso retired from professional tennis 2003.

## ITF Career Finals
### Doubles: 2 (0–2)

* $100,000 tournaments
* $75,000 tournaments
* $50,000 tournaments
* $25,000 tournaments
* $10,000 tournaments
| Result | Date | Category | Tournament | Surface | Partner | Opponents | Score |
| Runner-up | 28 May 2000 | 25,000 | Guimarães, Portugal | Hard | Carlota Santos | Natalie Grandin Nicole Rencken | 6–7$^{(7–9)}$, 6–2, 2–6 |
| Runner-up | 7 May 2001 | 10,000 | Mersin, Turkey | Clay | Ana Catarina Nogueira | Duygu Akşit Oal Elena Yaryshka | 1–6, 4–6 |
# Artyomovsky, Irkutsk Oblast

Artyomovsky (Russian: Артёмовский) is an urban locality (urban-type settlement) in Bodaybinsky District of Irkutsk Oblast, Russia. Population: 1,539 (2010 Census); 2,186 (2002 Census); 3,773 (1989 Soviet census).

## Administrative status

As a municipal division, Artyomovsky is the capital of the Artyomovsky Urban Settlement (Артёмовское городское поселение) municipal unit, which includes the Kropotkin urban locality, as well as the villages of Aprilsk and Marakan.

## Geography

The locality is located in the Patom Highlands by the Bodaybo, a tributary of the Vitim, 65 km (40 mi) northeast of the town of Bodaybo. The Kropotkin Range rises near the settlement.
# Piotr Grabarczyk

Piotr Grabarczyk (born 31 October 1982) is a former Polish handball player who played for the Polish national team.

## Career

On 1 February 2015, Poland, including Grabarczyk, won the bronze medal of the 2015 World Championship. He also participated at the 2016 European Men's Handball Championship.

## State awards

* 2015 Silver Cross of Merit
# Musique de l'Artillerie

The Musique de l’Artillerie (English: Artillery Band) sometimes referred to informally as the Music of 9-9 or M-ART is a military band of French Army falls under the Sud-Est territorial region. It consists of 50 musicians, who perform at official protocol ceremonies as well as public relations events for the Army.
It performs throughout the south-eastern quarter of France participates in national events and events abroad, particularly numerous international festivals. It is located in the Gerland District of Lyon.

## History

Deeply rooted in the city of Lyon, the artillery music has been able to cross the ages while adapting to the various reorganizations of the army's music.
In 1757, by royal decree, the "royal-deux-ponts" regiment was created. It was composed of 2,000 infantrymen, among whom were already present hired musicians enlisted by the Duke of Zweibrücken, first corps commander.
On January 1, 1791, by decision of the Constituent Assembly, it lost its royal identity to transform itself into the 99th infantry regiment in which generations of Lyonnais served. Over the years, the regimental music has become part of the local landscape and has followed the various developments of the Army to successively become:
* Music of the GMR5 (regional resources group No. 5)
* Music of the 22nd infantry regiment
* Music of the 22nd infantry battalion
* Music of the South-East Land Region
* Music of the infantry
* Music of the artillery.
Proud of this heritage, the artillery music took its current name on September 1, 2016, the date on which it was integrated into the Army music command. But it is undoubtedly under the name "music of the 9-9" that it remains in the hearts and collective unconscious of all the Rhône-Alpes.

### Notable activities

* The Musique de L’Artillerie gives the Concert of the Military Governor of Lyon every year, for the benefit of army casualties in front of a parterre of 2000 people.
* In August 2011, it took part in the Ystad International Military Tattoo.
* In June 2013, it took part in the Sevastopol International Arts Festival.
* In January 2016, the band accompanied a ceremonial contingent from the 35th Infantry Regiment on the Rajpath in New Delhi for the 67th Indian Republic Day parade.
* In July 2019, the band took part in the Royal Edinburgh Military Tattoo.