OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# 2024 Japan Women's Open – Doubles

Ena Shibahara and Laura Siegemund defeated Cristina Bucșa and Monica Niculescu in the final, 3–6, 6–2, [10–2] to win the doubles tennis title at the 2024 Japan Women's Open.
Anna-Lena Friedsam and Nadiia Kichenok were the reigning champions, but Friedsam did not participate this year. Kichenok partnered Miyu Kato, but lost in the first round to Nao Hibino and Makoto Ninomiya.

## Seeds

* Gabriela Dabrowski / Erin Routliffe (semifinals, withdrew)
* Sofia Kenin / Bethanie Mattek-Sands (first round)
* Ena Shibahara / Laura Siegemund (champions)
* Cristina Bucșa / Monica Niculescu (final)

## Draw
### Key

* Q = Qualifier
* WC = Wild card
* LL = Lucky loser
* Alt = Alternate
* SE = Special exempt
* PR = Protected ranking
* ITF = ITF entry
* JE = Junior exempt
* w/o = Walkover
* r = Retired
* d = Defaulted
* SR = Special ranking

### Draw

| First round | First round | First round | First round | First round | Quarterfinals | Quarterfinals | Quarterfinals | Quarterfinals | Quarterfinals | Semifinals | Semifinals | Semifinals | Semifinals | Final | Final | Final | Final | Final |
| 1 | G Dabrowski E Routliffe | 6 | 6 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | P Plipuech C-y Tsao | 4 | 3 | | 1 | G Dabrowski E Routliffe | 6 | 6 | | | | | | | | | | |
| | S Aoyama E Hozumi | 6 | 6 | | | S Aoyama E Hozumi | 2 | 4 | | | | | | | | | | |
| WC | M Hontama M Uchijima | 3 | 4 | | | | | | | 1 | G Dabrowski E Routliffe | | | | | | | |
| 4 | C Bucșa M Niculescu | 6 | 6 | | | | | | | 4 | C Bucșa M Niculescu | w/o | | | | | | |
| | T Babos H Dart | 4 | 4 | | 4 | C Bucșa M Niculescu | w/o | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Alt | A Krunić V Tomova | 6 | 2 | [11] | | M Bouzková C Osorio | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | M Bouzková C Osorio | 3 | 6 | [13] | | | | | | | | | | 4 | C Bucșa M Niculescu | 6 | 2 | [2] |
| | S Santamaria Q Tang | 3 | 7$^7$ | [10] | | | | | | | | | | 3 | E Shibahara L Siegemund | 3 | 6 | [10] |
| | K Piter F Stollár | 6 | 6$^4$ | [8] | | S Santamaria Q Tang | 6 | 3 | [7] | | | | | | | | | |
| | S Murray Sharan E Silva | 3 | 6 | [4] | 3 | E Shibahara L Siegemund | 2 | 6 | [10] | | | | | | | | | |
| 3 | E Shibahara L Siegemund | 6 | 2 | [10] | | | | | | 3 | E Shibahara L Siegemund | 6 | 6 | | | | | |
| WC | N Hibino M Ninomiya | 6 | 7$^7$ | | | | | | | | A Moratelli A Sisková | 1 | 3 | | | | | |
| | M Kato N Kichenok | 2 | 6$^3$ | | WC | N Hibino M Ninomiya | 3 | 6$^5$ | | | | | | | | | | |
| | A Moratelli A Sisková | 6 | 6 | | | A Moratelli A Sisková | 6 | 7$^7$ | | | | | | | | | | |
| 2 | S Kenin B Mattek-Sands | 1 | 2 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
# William C. Widenor

William C. Widenor was an American historian.

## Life

Widenor was born on December 15, 1937, in Easton, Pennsylvania. Widenor attended Princeton University after graduating from high school. After attending the Foreign Service, he met Mary Helen Barrett in Zurich. The two married in 1964, and moved to Berkeley, California in 1968. At Berkeley, Widenor pursued a doctorate in History. In 1973, Widenor and Barrett divorced. After receiving his PhD, Widenor then took an assistant professor position at the University of Illinois. Widenor died on January 13, 2017, in Champaign, Illinois.
Widenor was professor emeritus at University of Illinois.

## Awards

* 1981 Frederick Jackson Turner Award

## Works

* Henry Cabot Lodge and the search for an American foreign policy. University of California Press. 1980. ISBN 978-0-520-03778-6.
* "Henry Cabot Lodge: The Astute Parliamentarian." First Among Equals: Outstanding Senate Leaders of the Twentieth Century, edited by Richard A. Baker and Roger H. Davidson, pp. 38–62. Washington: Congressional Quarterly, 1991.
* John Martin Carroll; George C. Herring, eds. (1996). "The United States and the Versailles Peace Settlement". Modern American diplomacy. Rowman & Littlefield. ISBN 978-0-8420-2555-3.
# Vendémian

Vendémian (French pronunciation:; Occitan: Vendemian) is a commune in the Hérault department in the Occitanie region in southern France.
It is located on the D131 route, between Montpellier and Beziers.
# Sofija Pšibiliauskienė

Sofija Pšibiliauskienė née Ivanauskaitė (Polish: Zofia Przybylewska, née Iwanowska; September 16, 1867 in Paragiai, Shavelsky Uyezd, Kovno Governorate – March 15, 1926 in Paragiai) and Marija Lastauskienė were two Lithuanian sister writers of Polish origin, using the same pen name Lazdynų Pelėda (Hazel Owl).

## Biography

Pšibiliauskienė was born to an impractical painter Nikodem Erazm Iwanowski [pl] of Polish–Lithuanian nobility stock. Pšibiliauskienė did not have formal education and self-educated reading various sentimental novels by Polish authors. In 1891, she married their neighbor landowner Rapolas Pšibiliauskas (Polish: Rafał Przybylewski), but the marriage was not happy. In 1903, with two small children, Pšibiliauskienė moved out to Vilnius. She took random jobs as a bookstore saleswoman, seamstress, pharmacy assistant, but still barely managed to avoid poverty. In 1914, she moved to Kaunas, where she fell ill with tuberculosis. She then returned to her childhood home in Paragiai, where she died in 1926. Since 1966, a museum is established in her former farmstead. In 1993, a monument to the sisters was erected in Vilnius (sculptor Dalia Matulaitė, architects Jūras Balkevičius and Rimantas Buivydas).

## Works

Pšibiliauskienė started writing after encouragement from Povilas Višinskis in 1898. She first contributed to various Lithuanian periodicals, including Varpas and Ūkininkas. After separating from her husband and moving to Vilnius, she could spend more time writing. Her early works depict struggle between landless peasants and corrupt landowners. In short stories Klajūnas (The Wonderer, 1902) and Stebuklingoji tošelė (The Magic Reed-Pipe, 1907) Pšibiliauskienė, in a didactic tone, wrote how peasants were exploited and morally degraded by lazy and selfish estate owners. Most of her characters were oppressed by misfortunes, social injustice, and their own flaws. Her ambitious work, novella Klaida (Mistake, 1908), attempted to analyze and criticize the period leading to the Russian Revolution of 1905 (between 1890 and 1905), but failed to explain deeper causes of the revolution.
In 1907, her sister Marija Lastauskienė also moved to Vilnius. Encouraged by Pšibiliauskienė, Lastauskienė would write in Polish, her sister would translate and edit the works, and publish them under the pen name Lazdynų Pelėda. It is unclear how many of the works published between 1905 (the first time the pen name was used) and 1927 (Sofija's death) should be attributed to Lastauskienė and how much of the original work remained after Pšibiliauskienė's edits. The public did not know that there are two people writing under the same name. Literary critics tend to treat this body of works as one item as they are similar in themes and language.
# Raush, Davlekanovsky District, Republic of Bashkortostan

Raush (Russian: Рауш; Bashkir: Рауш, Rauş) is a rural locality (a khutor) in Rassvetovsky Selsoviet, Davlekanovsky District, Bashkortostan, Russia. The population was 138 as of 2010. There are 2 streets.

## Geography

Raush is located 14 km northwest of Davlekanovo (the district's administrative centre) by road. Olgovka is the nearest rural locality.
# Addingham railway station

Addingham railway station was on the Midland Railway route from Skipton to Ilkley. It served the village of Addingham in West Yorkshire, England.

## History

Opened by the Midland Railway, it became part of the London, Midland and Scottish Railway during the Grouping of 1923. Passing on to the Eastern Region of British Railways on nationalisation in 1948, it was then closed by the British Railways Board as part of the Beeching Axe in March 1965. It was demolished several years later and the site is now a housing estate. The bridge and abutments have also been demolished, but an embankment remains.

## Preservation

There are plans to extend the Embsay and Bolton Abbey Steam Railway back to Addingham to a replica LMS-style station on the embankment, near the original station site, on a rebuilt bridge abutment.
The picture showing Addingham Station Fisheries is where the railway bridge crossed Addingham Main Street. The actual Addingham station was about 200 yards (180 m) further up the road, on the left-hand side. Although houses have now been built over the site of the station, the original goods yard is still used as an entrance drive to the houses built there and some of the old boundary walls still exist from the Victoria Terrace side.
# Kosmos 57

Kosmos 57 (Russian: Космос 57 meaning Cosmos 57) was an uncrewed Soviet spacecraft launched on 22 February 1965. The craft was essentially an uncrewed version of Voskhod 2. Its primary mission was to test the Volga airlock. The test was successful, but the craft was lost shortly after. The spaceflight is designated under the Kosmos system, placing it with many other Soviet scientific and military satellites.

## Mission

The uncrewed craft was launched three weeks before Voskhod 2. The primary objective of Voskhod 2 was to conduct a spacewalk, which relied on the inflatable Volga airlock. Kosmos 57 was to test the performance of the airlock. The airlock opened and closed successfully and the craft was re-pressurized without flaw.

## Destruction

The uncrewed spacecraft was destroyed on its third orbit around Earth. Two ground stations, one in Klyuchi and the other in Yelizovo, sent simultaneous commands, instead of sequentially as planned, instructing the craft to depressurize its airlock. The craft interpreted this as an order to begin the descent and a propulsion error put the craft into a tumble. Approximately twenty-nine minutes later, the craft's automatic self-destruct function activated. The craft was completely destroyed to prevent sensitive information from literally falling into enemy hands. Over 100 pieces of the spacecraft were tracked, falling into the ocean between 31 March and 6 April 1965. No other test or backup spacecraft was built with an EVA port. The decision was made to go ahead with Voskhod 2 anyway, due to a one-year lead time to construct a replacement. Planned follow-on Voskhod missions were cancelled, including the Soviet Air Force version, long-duration one-man flight.
* Vostok spacecraft
* Voskhod 1 and Voskhod 2 spacecraft
* Volga airlock and Berkut spacesuit like those used for the spacewalk of Alexey Leonov on the Voskhod 2 mission, Memorial Museum of Cosmonautics, Moscow.
# Završe pri Grobelnem

Završe pri Grobelnem (pronounced, German: Sawersche) is a settlement in the Municipality of Šmarje pri Jelšah in eastern Slovenia. It lies just north of Grobelno, off the regional road from Šmarje to Šentjur. The area is part of the traditional region of Styria. The municipality is now included in the Savinja Statistical Region.

## Name

The name of the settlement was changed from Završe to Završe pri Grobelnem in 1953.

## Church

The local church is dedicated to Our Lady of Good Counsel (Slovene: Mati dobrega sveta) and belongs to the Parish of Šentvid pri Grobelnem. It dates to the early 15th century and was slightly restyled in the 18th century.
# Bugarach

Bugarach (French pronunciation: ; Occitan: Bugarag) is a commune in the Aude department in southern France, around 35 km south of Carcassonne. The economy is based on agriculture and tourism, attracting many New Age adherents.

## Geography

Bugarach is at the foot of Pic de Bugarach, a 1,230 metres (4,040 ft) mountain peak and the highest summit in the Corbières Massif. The peak is also called the "upside down mountain" as the top layers of rock are older than the lower layers due to uplift of the Pyrenees.
It is also located on the Green Meridian.

## History

The location is mentioned for the first time as Villa Burgaragio in 889 AD; it derives from the name "Bugari" of the Bulgarian Bogomilis in medieval France. In the 18th century the village became known for manufacturing wooden tools and hats. In modern times many esoteric and UFO legends have been connected to this place.

## Economy

The major economic activity of the village and surrounding region is agriculture and tourism. Demand for holiday cottages and popularity with New Age followers led to a rise in real estate prices.

## Cult settlements

In the 1960s and 70s Pic de Bugarach became popular with the hippie movement. Later in the 20th century it became popular with New Age followers who believed the "upside down mountain" had mystical powers, spreading to the belief that the village would be spared in the forecast 2012 apocalypse.
Cult followers believed aliens resided inside the mountain and would spare any humans that decide to leave the planet with them in the coming apocalypse. In 2011, the number of visitors doubled to over 20,000 and France's cult watchdog, Miviludes, placed the village under scrutiny due to concern over possible mass suicides. The mayor even considered calling the army over concerns caused by this issue.
# Gornostayevka, Lgovsky District, Kursk Oblast

Gornostayevka (Russian: Горностаевка) is a rural locality (Russian: деревня, lit. 'village') in Gustomoysky Selsoviet Rural Settlement, Lgovsky District, Kursk Oblast, Russia. Population: 13 (2010 Census); 53 (2002 Census);

## Geography

The village is located on the Gustomoy River in the basin of the Seym, 41 km from the Russia–Ukraine border, 82 km south-west of Kursk, 16 km west of the district centre, Lgov and 3.5 km from the selsoviet centre, Gustomoy.

### Climate

Gornostayevka has a warm-summer humid continental climate (Dfb in the Köppen climate classification).

## Transport

Gornostayevka is located 4 km from the road of regional importance 38K-017 (Kursk – Lgov – Rylsk – border with Ukraine) as part of the European route E38, 1.5 km from the road of intermunicipal significance 38H-354 (38K-017 – Zeleninsky) and 11 km from the nearest railway station 387 km (railway line 322 km – Lgov I).
The rural locality is situated 88 km from Kursk Vostochny Airport, 156 km from Belgorod International Airport and 292 km from Voronezh Peter the Great Airport.
# EMMA (magazine)

EMMA is a German feminist magazine. Its print edition is published every two months in Cologne, Germany.

## History and profile

The first issue of EMMA was published on 26 January 1977. The founder of the magazine was Alice Schwarzer, who is still publisher and editor-in-chief. The magazine was modelled on the American magazine Ms. in terms of content, targeted audience and layout. It has its headquarters in Cologne. In December 2002, the EMMA website was launched.
The name of the magazine is a wordplay of the term emancipation (German: Emanzipation).
Since its foundation, EMMA has been the leading feminist magazine in Germany, and the only political magazine in Europe entirely run by women.
The magazine has often been criticised for its opinionated and activist stance. However, it has affected German society, creating awareness for and instigating debates on social and women's issues.
Until 2010 the magazine was published every two months. It began to come out quarterly in 2010, but in 2013 it again began to be published every two months.
The estimated circulation of the magazine was 60,000 copies in 2012.

## Open letter on German position on Russian invasion of Ukraine

Alice Schwarzer published an open letter to Chancellor Olaf Scholz in her magazine Emma at the end of April 2022. In it, she and 27 others from the culture and media industry warned of a further escalation of the Ukraine war. They called on Chancellor Scholz not to supply offensive weapons to Ukraine and to do everything he could to end the war. A victory for Ukraine is unlikely, and the military situation must be accepted in order to prevent further deaths, the authors wrote. They wrote: "A Russian counter-attack could then trigger the case for assistance under the NATO treaty and thus the immediate danger of a world war."
Some of the first signers were actor Lars Eidinger, singer-songwriter Reinhard Mey, controversial comedian Dieter Nuhr, satirical cabaret artist Gerhard Polt, former politician Antje Vollmer (A90/Greens), writer Martin Walser, social scientist Harald Welzer, TV-scientist Ranga Yogeshwar, and writer Juli Zeh.
The open letter amplified a public debate about the position of the German government on the war. The letter attracted a lot of opposition. Political scientist Thomas Jaeger said Schwarzer was factually incorrect. It is covered under international law that a defending state can also support itself with weapons. No distinction is made between defensive and offensive weapons. Also, the Russian president's interpretation can turn anything into a reason for war. Putin's actions are arbitrary.
The journalist Antje Hildebrandt accused the letter signers of selfishness. She compared their demands to people in a burning house who are left on their own because the owner could report this as trespassing.
# Teschener Kammer

Teschener Kammer or Teschen Chamber (Polish: Komora Cieszyńska, Czech: Těšínská komora ) is a name of a latifundium owned directly by the Dukes of Teschen in the years 1653–1918 and a name of the institution managing it on their behalf.

## History

It was instituted after the death of Elizabeth Lucretia in 1653, which ended the Cieszyn Piast's rule in the duchy. The duchy lapsed directly to the Bohemian monarchs, at that time the Habsburgs. As opposed to the local Piast dukes they lived away from the duchy and this necessitated the deployment of administrators presided over by a regent. Kaspar Tłuk became the first regent in September 1653.
Initially the Teschener Kammer encompassed 4 towns (Cieszyn, Skoczów, Strumień and Jablunkov) and 31 villages organised into two circles (Cieszyn-Jablunkov and Skoczów-Strumień). In 1737 it had 4 towns, 49 villages and 21 folwarks.
A rapid development of the Teschener Kammer came after the First Partition of Poland in 1772. The abolition of socage facilitated industrial development. A steel mill was opened in 1772 in Ustroń. In 1791 Albert Casimir, Duke of Teschen, began to purchase numerous villages within Cieszyn Silesia. In 1797 he bought the independent territory of Friedeck. In the 19th century it grew considerably, with mines, sawmills, breweries etc. being launched by the Kammer. In 1838 Archduke Charles, Duke of Teschen, purchased Żywiec latifundium and included it in the Teschener Kammer. In 1839 steel mill in Třinec began operating.
After World War I and the fall of Austria-Hungary the Kammer was liquidated: its properties were nationalised in Poland and Czechoslovakia.

## Footnotes

* ↑ J. Spyra, 2012, p. 19
* ↑ J. Spyra, 2012, p. 131
* ↑ J. Spyra, 2012, p. 132
* ↑ J. Spyra, 2012, p. 18
# Shuparka

Shuparka (Ukrainian: Шупарка, Polish: Szuparka), a village in Ukraine, is located within Chortkiv Raion of Ternopil Oblast. It belongs to Borshchiv urban hromada, one of the hromadas of Ukraine.
# William Kendall Gale

William Kendall Gale (20 June 1873 – 6 July 1935) was a pioneering English Methodist missionary in northern Madagascar between 1908 and his death in 1935.

## Life and work

Kendall Gale was born in Addingham, Yorkshire, the son of a master stonemason and Methodist preacher. He was baptised at Mount Hermon Wesleyan Reform Church, as it was then known, in July 1873. He was educated at Addingham National School, leaving at 15 to work for a Burnley firm.
After studying in London, he returned to Addingham as pastor of Mount Hermon. In September 1908, he left for Madagascar with his wife and children, to serve as a missionary with the London Missionary Society. Some of the locals were initially hostile, and met him armed with spears and axes. He also suffered malaria, black water fever and dysentery.
Kendall Gale and his family returned to England every five years and his work gained a following. In 1918 he published a report of his journey to the Marofotsy, Sihanaka and Bezanozano peoples. He established over 250 village churches in Madagascar, plus schools for training teachers. He had intended to retire in 1937, hoping to have established 300 churches. However, he suffered complications from an operation and died in 1935 in Anjozorobe, Tananarive. He is thought to have founded more churches than any other LMS missionary.
Kendall Gale wrote an account of his work in Madagascar which was published posthumously.
A plaque in his honour was unveiled at Mount Hermon Chapel in September 2011.
# Nilima

Nilima is an Indian female given name and may refer to:
* Nilima Arun Kshirsagar, Indian clinical pharmacologist
* Nilima Ghose, Indian athlete
* Nilima Ibrahim, Bangladeshi educationist, littérateur and social worker
* Nilima Jogalekar, Indian cricketer
* Nilima Nigam, Indian and Canadian mathematician and mathematical physiologist
* Nilima Sen, Rabindrasangeet singer
* Nilima Sheikh, Indian artist
# Środa County, Lower Silesian Voivodeship

Środa County (/ˈʃroʊdə ˈʃlɒ̃skə/; Polish: powiat średzki) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Lower Silesian Voivodeship, south-western Poland. It came into being on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. The county covers an area of 703.7 square kilometres (271.7 sq mi). Its administrative seat and only town is Środa Śląska.
As at 2019 the total population of the county is 54,646, out of which the population of Środa Śląska accounts for 9,516, while the rural population is 45,130.

## Neighbouring counties

Środa County is bordered by Wołów County to the north, Trzebnica County to the north-east, the city of Wrocław and Wrocław County to the east, Świdnica County to the south, and Jawor County and Legnica County to the west.

## Administrative division

The county is subdivided into five gminas (one urban-rural and four rural). These are listed in the following table, in descending order of population.
| Gmina | Type | Area (km²) | Population (2019) | Seat |
| Gmina Środa Śląska | urban-rural | 214.9 | 19,862 | Środa Śląska |
| Gmina Miękinia | rural | 179.5 | 16,603 | Miękinia |
| Gmina Kostomłoty | rural | 146.3 | 7,142 | Kostomłoty |
| Gmina Malczyce | rural | 52.6 | 5,957 | Malczyce |
| Gmina Udanin | rural | 110.7 | 5,082 | Udanin |