OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Lectures and Conversations on Aesthetics, Psychology, and Religious Belief

Lectures and Conversations on Aesthetics, Psychology, and Religious Belief (German: Vorlesungen und Gespräche über Ästhetik, Psychoanalyse und religiösen Glauben) is a series of notes transcribed by Yorick Smythies, Rush Rhees, and James Taylor from assorted lectures by Ludwig Wittgenstein, and published in 1966. The lectures, at which Casimir Lewy was present, contain Wittgenstein's thoughts about aesthetics and religion, alongside a critique of psychoanalysis. Wittgensteinian fideism originates from the remarks in the Lectures. Eberhard Bubser, in the introduction, of the German edition states that: "Wittgenstein would surely have not approved this release [...]" ("Wittgenstein hätte diese Ausgabe bestimmt nicht gebilligt [...]").

## Lectures on Aesthetics

One question Wittgenstein raises in his Lectures on Aesthetics is how we learn to use and recognize the words used to make an aesthetic judgment, such as "beautiful" ("schön") or "nice" or ("fein"). He suggests that these words are firstly and often used like interjections or gestures. Wittgenstein also notes that we seldom use these words in everyday language to make aesthetic judgments, but rather use words like "right" ("richtig") or "correct" ("korrekt"). With regard to aesthetic pleasures, he also names a question that is recently under debate in aesthetics: How are distinctly aesthetic pleasures different from more ordinary pleasures? He makes a point in stating that "One uses the same term in both cases [...]" (" Man gebraucht in beiden Fällen [...] dasselbe Wort").
A recurring theme in these lectures is also Wittgenstein's firm rejection of the possibility that psychology may explain aesthetic experiences or judgments. This opinion is based on Wittgenstein's view that psychological (behaviorist) experiments would generate results based on mere descriptions of behavior and generalizations across large numbers of observers.

## Lectures on Religious Belief

In his Lectures on Religious Belief (Vorlesungen über den religiösen Glauben), Wittgenstein argues, among other things, that superficial grammatical similarities in the forms of both religious and factual statements mislead us into believing that they are fundamentally identical states of "belief." This grammatical similarity, Wittgenstein argues, is merely a parallel expression of drastically different processes. "The expression of belief", Wittgenstein notes, "may play an absolutely minor role."
# Pietradefusi

Pietradefusi (Italian:; Irpino: 'A Preta) is a comune in the province of Avellino, Campania, Italy.

## History

According to some scholars, Pietradefusi lies on the site of the ancient Fusolae, a town cited by Livy as an ally of Hannibal during the Punic Wars, and which was later destroyed by the Romans.
The origins of the town are medieval (cited first from 1298) and it was fiefdom of many noble families such as the De Souzi, the De Tocco and the Acquaviva, but was also governed a long time by the Santa Casa dell'Annunziata of Naples. The Jesuits remember the town because one of their generals, Claudio of Aragona, was born here in the times of Francesco Borgia.
Cardinal Niccolò Coscia was born here, as was the father of Mario Puzo.

## Main sights and cultural events

* The Medieval Tower, located in the highest point of the town, was built in 1431 by Giacomo de Tocco. Around the Tower around the first dwellings rose.
* The church of Collegiata (1700). The facade is from 1596. Ruined during the French occupation in 1799, it was rebuilt in 1827.
* The church of St. Paulus (1800) situated in the center of Dentecane.
According to the tradition, the church of S. Apollinare and S. Spirito (no more existing) housed frescoes by Giotto.
Pietradefusi hosts is a Cinema Festival in September.
# Dedra Davis

Dedra Davis (born 17 July 1973) is a retired Bahamian athlete who specialised in the long jump and sprinting events. She represented her country at the 1993 World Championships.
Competing for the Tennessee Volunteers women's track and field team, she won the 1994 NCAA Division I Outdoor Track and Field Championships in the long jump.

## International competitions

| Year | Competition | Venue | Position | Event | Notes |
| Representing the Bahamas ||||||
| 1989 | CARIFTA Games (U17) | Bridgetown, Barbados | 1st | Long jump | 5.88 m |
| 1990 | CARIFTA Games (U20) | Kingston, Jamaica | 2nd | Long jump | 6.14 m |
| 1990 | Central American and Caribbean Junior Championships (U20) | Havana, Cuba | 3rd | 4 × 100 m relay | 47.44 |
| 1990 | Central American and Caribbean Junior Championships (U20) | Havana, Cuba | 3rd | Long jump | 5.84 m |
| 1991 | CARIFTA Games (U20) | Port of Spain, Trinidad and Tobago | 6th | 200 m | 24.80 |
| 1991 | CARIFTA Games (U20) | Port of Spain, Trinidad and Tobago | 5th | 400 m | 57.40 |
| 1991 | CARIFTA Games (U20) | Port of Spain, Trinidad and Tobago | 1st | Long jump | 6.35 m |
| 1992 | CARIFTA Games (U20) | Nassau, Bahamas | 3rd | 100 m | 11.61 (w) |
| 1992 | CARIFTA Games (U20) | Nassau, Bahamas | 2nd | 4 × 100 m relay | 45.61 |
| 1992 | CARIFTA Games (U20) | Nassau, Bahamas | 1st | Long jump | 6.30 m |
| 1992 | Central American and Caribbean Junior Championships (U20) | Tegucigalpa, Honduras | 1st | 100 m | 12.0 |
| 1992 | Central American and Caribbean Junior Championships (U20) | Tegucigalpa, Honduras | 1st | Long jump | 6.00 m |
| 1993 | Universiade | Buffalo, United States | 4th | Long jump | 6.49 m |
| 1993 | World Championships | Stuttgart, Germany | 37th (h) | 100 m | 12.00 |
| 1993 | World Championships | Stuttgart, Germany | 26th (q) | Long jump | 6.11 m |
| 1994 | Commonwealth Games | Victoria, Canada | 5th | 4 × 100 m relay | 44.89 |
| 1994 | Commonwealth Games | Victoria, Canada | 11th | Long jump | 5.98 m |

## Personal bests

Outdoor
* 100 metres – 11.31 (+1.3 m/s, Knoxville 1994)
* 200 metres – 23.04 (-0.1 m/s, Trento 1996)
* Long jump – 6.49 (Buffalo 1993)
Indoor
* 60 metres – 7.44 (Madrid 1997)
* Long jump – 6.71 (Indianapolis 1994)
# Konesi

Konesi (Persian: كنسي, also Romanized as Konesī) is a village in Bala Khiyaban-e Litkuh Rural District, in the Central District of Amol County, Mazandaran Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 874, in 213 families.
# Palangabad-e Olya

Palangabad-e Olya (Persian: پلنگ ابادعليا, also Romanized as Palangābād-e ‘Olyā; also known as Palangābād-e Bālā) is a village in Tameshkol Rural District, Nashta District, Tonekabon County, Mazandaran Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 317, in 87 families.
# Katsushi Boda

Katsushi Boda (Japanese: 保田 克史) (sometimes spelled 'Bowda') is a Japanese stop motion animator. He is most famous for creating the character Robot Palta.
While much of his work is for advertisements, he has made several works of independent animation, including Pulsar (1990), Form of Stress (1992), Robot Apartments (ja:ロボットパルタ) (1994 anime series), and Kiadoryoku REAL (1998). Many of his films feature a gear motif, and utilize pixilation and replacement-series animation.
In 1999 his film Kiadoryoku REAL won the Special Jury Prize in the Off Theatre Competition at the 10th Yubari International Fantastic Film Festival.
In 2003, he participated in the collaborative project Winter Days.
# Kopcie, Gmina Suchożebry

Kopcie is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Suchożebry, within Siedlce County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland.
# Escala, Hautes-Pyrénées

Escala (French pronunciation:; Occitan: Escalar) is a commune in the Hautes-Pyrénées department in south-western France.
# Phil Robins

Phil Robins (born 10 September 1954) is a Bahamian athlete. He competed in the men's triple jump at the 1976 Summer Olympics.
Competing for the Southern Illinois Salukis track and field team, Robins won the 1976 NCAA Division I Outdoor Track and Field Championships in the triple jump.
# Lake Abakrytseli

Lake Abakrytseli or Abakrytsele (Belarusian: Возера Абакрыцелі) is a lake in the Braslau Lakes National Park of northern Belarus. With a length of 0.52 kilometres (0.32 mi) and maximum width of 0.4 kilometres (0.25 mi), Abakrytseli is a small lake measuring 0.16 square kilometres (0.062 sq mi). It has a basin area of 2.25 square kilometres (0.87 sq mi).
# Yuri (footballer, born 1982)

Yuri de Souza Fonseca (born 8 August 1982), known simply as Yuri, is a Brazilian former footballer who played as a forward.
He also held Portuguese citizenship, and spent the majority of his professional career in Portugal and Spain, mainly with Ponferradina. Over ten seasons in the latter country, he achieved Segunda División figures of 323 games and 116 goals.

## Club career

Born in Maceió, Alagoas, Yuri arrived in Portugal still in his teens, joining F.C. Maia in the Segunda Liga. His performances there attracted the attention of another club in the north, Primeira Liga's Boavista FC, for which he signed in January 2003.
However, Yuri could never impose himself at the side, going on to serve two loans in the process: he helped Gil Vicente F.C. to avoid top-flight relegation in his five-month spell, not being able to repeat it with G.D. Estoril Praia in the following season.
In summer 2005, Yuri moved to Iberian neighbours Spain, representing lowly Pontevedra CF. He also had a loan spell at UD Las Palmas in Segunda División, but only appeared in 12 matches out of 42 without scoring.
Yuri signed for SD Ponferradina in 2009, going on to achieve two promotions to the second tier during his spell– to which he contributed a total of 26 goals – and eventually becoming captain. In the 2012–13 campaign he ranked third in the second division scorers' list at 21, helping his team to the seventh position.
On 15 January 2017, following a brief spell in the China League One, Yuri returned to the Estadio El Toralín aged 34. He scored in double digits in division two in 2019–20 (18 goals), 2020–21 (11) and 2021–22 (14).
Yuri totalled an all-time best for Ponferradina 511 appearances and 197 goals. He retired in August 2024 at 42, with the club now in the Primera Federación; he remained connected to it in directorial capacities.

## Personal life

Yuri's older brother, Igor, was also a footballer and a forward. They shared teams at Maia (where they arrived at a young age) and Pontevedra.
His cousin, Charles, also played several seasons in Spain and also represented Pontevedra.
# Catfight (video game)

Catfight (also known as Cat Fight and CatFight: The Ultimate Female Fighting Game) is a fighting video game developed by American studio Phantom Card and published in 1996 by Atlantean Interactive for Microsoft Windows. It received negative reviews from critics.

## Plot

The plot of Catfight revolves around a dark goddess Shinma and 10 female warriors competing to challenge her and obtain the ultimate power. The game's advertisement on Atlantean Interactive's website states:
   "Join eleven of the fiercest female warriors from across the Ethers [sic] as they battle it out for the ultimate power of the Universe! Watch the head-to-head fighting assault blaze its way to your screen -- with the hottest women in games engaging in the most violent fighting techniques imaginable! Some of the things you must endure are disembowelment, decapitation, and worse! It's the ultimate life versus death struggle, where you must pulverize your opponent in eight awesome arenas to survive! Here is your chance to claim your place next to the most awesome women in the galaxy!"

## Development

Like the early games in the Mortal Kombat series, Catfight uses digitized actors for creating the sprites representing the fighters. Martial actress Katalin Zamiar of Mortal Kombat II fame portrayed a female ninja character Chae Lee.

## Reception

GameRankings rated the game at only 8.67%, their score based on three magazine reviews (Computer Games Magazine rated the game 0/5). Ron Dulin scored it a 1.6/10 in GameSpot, calling it "without a doubt, the worst computer game ever released". He added: "The worst thing about Catfight (and, believe me, that's a hefty accomplishment) is that the gameplay is just so damn bad. I'll sleep easier knowing there will never be a Catfight 2." The Daily Pennsylvanian called Catfight the "number one sexist game ever created". A reviewer for Next Generation panned the game for "the poor image quality, ... nonexistent play control, ridiculously inane special effects, and abysmal sound." He scored it one out of five stars, remarking, "Our scoring system won't let us give zeroes, so Atlantean owes us one star."
In 2010, PC Gamer ranked Catfight as the seventh worst game of all time, describing it as "so bad, being caught masturbating to it would actually be less embarrassing than being caught playing it." It was also included among the worst games of all time by Digital Spy in 2012 and by GamesRadar in 2014.
# Nedelino

Nedelino (Bulgarian: Неделино) is a town and municipality in the Rhodope Mountains of the Smolyan Province, southern Bulgaria. The former name of Nedelino was Uzundere (until 1934), which means "Long Creek".
* Municipality building in Nedelino
* Nedelino, panorama 2004
# Rottenmann and Wölz Tauern

The Rottenmann and Wölz Tauern (German: Rottenmanner und Wölzer Tauern) are a subrange of the Austrian Central Alps within the Eastern Alps. Together with the Radstadt Tauern, the Schladming Tauern and the Seckau Tauern the Rottenmann and Wölz Tauern form the major range known as the Low Tauern. The mountains are located in Austria in the federal state of Styria.

## Peaks

* Rettlkirchspitze (2,475 m),
* Greim (2,474 m),
* Großer Bösenstein (2,448 m),
* Schoberspitze (2,423 m),
* Kleiner Bösenstein (2,395 m),
* Drei Stecken (2,382 m),
* Hochweberspitze (2,370 m),
* Hochhaide (2,363 m),
* Hohenwart (2,363 m),
* Sonntagskarspitze (2,350 m),
* Gumpeneck (2,226 m).

## Neighbouring mountain ranges

The Rottenmann Tauern and Wölz Tauern border on the following other mountain ranges of the Alps:
* Totes Gebirge (to the north)
* Ennstal Alps (to the northeast)
* Seckau Tauern (to the east)
* Lavanttal Alps (to the southeast)
* Nock Mountains (to the southwest)
* Schladming Tauern (to the west)
* Dachstein Mountains (to the northwest)
# Gandara, Sri Lanka

Gandara (Sinhala: ගන්දර, Tamil: கந்தறை) is a village in the Matara District on the southern coast of Sri Lanka, 168 kilometres (104 mi) from Colombo. It is an important village in Matara. It was slightly affected by the Asian tsunami in December 2004.

## History

Historically, Gandara belongs to the area called Ruhuna, one of the three kingdoms in Sri Lanka (Thun Sinhalaya). The temple in the village was built by ancient kings and now is a popular sacred place among Buddhists in the area. The mosque in the village was built by villagers in the late 1840s.

## Polling division

* Devinuwara

## Education
### Schools

* Gandara Maha Vidyalaya
* Gandara kanitu Viduhala
* Al Azhar Muslim Kanista Vidyalaya, established in 1938.

## Places of Worship

* Purana Viharaya, Gandara
* Wijerathnaramaya Temple, Gandara
* Abayasekararamaya Temple, Gandara
* Sri Jayabodhi Viharaya, Gandara
* Muhiyaddeen Jumma Mosque

## Transport

Gandara is on the Matara – Kataragama main road, which is served by the A32 highway.
# Nawaz Deobandi

Mohammad Nawaz Khan (commonly known as Nawaz Deobandi; born 16 June 1956) is an Indian Urdu language poet. He is also a Ghazal writer some of them are sung by famous Ghazal singer Jagjit Singh. He wrote the lyrics for the Ghazal album Amaanat released by singer Sachin Sharma in 2008.

## Education

* Doctorate in literature D.Lit form Jamia Urdu Aligarh
* Ph.D. Urdu (CCS University, Meerut)
* M.A. Urdu (CCS University, Meerut)
* B.Com (CCS University, Meerut)
* Adeeb Kamil (Jamia Urdu Aligarh)
* Muallim Urdu (Jamia Urdu Aligarh)

## Performance

Nawaz Deobandi has attended more than 5000 poetic symposiums Mushairas & Kavi Samelans in various city's of India and have also traveled to USA, UK, UAE, Australia, Canada, Singapore, KSA, Kuwait, Qatar, Bahrain, Oman, Pakistan, etc.

## Books

* Pahla Aasman
* Sawaneh Ulma-e-Deoband

## Awards

* Yash Bharati Government of Uttar Pradesh -2016
# Eslamabad, Azimiyeh

Eslamabad (Persian: اسلام آباد) is a village in, and the capital of, Azimiyeh Rural District of the Central District of Ray County, Tehran province, Iran.

## Demographics
### Population

At the time of the 2006 National Census, the village's population was 10,763 in 2,350 households. The following census in 2011 counted 11,070 people in 2,804 households. The 2016 census measured the population of the village as 9,999 people in 2,733 households.
# Seyfabad, Selseleh

Seyfabad (Persian: سيف اباد, also Romanized as Seyfābād) is a village in Firuzabad Rural District, Firuzabad District, Selseleh County, Lorestan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 83, in 19 families.
# Laanemetsa

Laanemetsa (Võro: Lannamõtsa; German: Lannemetz) is a village in Valga Parish, Valga County in southeastern Estonia. As of the 2011 census, the settlement's population was 65.

## Gallery

* Laanemetsa church
* Lake Savijärv in Laanemetsa
# Lakselvbukt Church

Lakselvbukt Church (Norwegian: Lakselvbukt kirke) is a parish church of the Church of Norway in Tromsø Municipality in Troms county, Norway. It is located in the village of Lakselvbukt on the southeastern shore of the inner Ullsfjorden. It is one of the churches for the Ullsfjord parish which is part of the Tromsø domprosti (arch-deanery) in the Diocese of Nord-Hålogaland. The blue and red, wooden church was built in a long church style in 1983 using plans drawn up by the architect Harry Gangvik. The church seats about 250 people.
# Novyye Prudy, Kursk Oblast

Novyye Prudy (Russian: Новые Пруды) is a rural locality (a khutor) in Maritsky Selsoviet Rural Settlement, Lgovsky District, Kursk Oblast, Russia. Population: 7 (2010 Census); 9 (2002 Census);

## Geography

The khutor is located on the Prutishche River in the basin of the Seym, 62 km from the Russia–Ukraine border, 62 km north-west of Kursk, 13 km north-east of the district center – the town Lgov, 4 km from the selsoviet center – Maritsa.

### Climate

Novyye Prudy has a warm-summer humid continental climate (Dfb in the Köppen climate classification).

## Transport

Novyye Prudy is located 16.5 km from the road of regional importance 38K-017 (Kursk – Lgov – Rylsk – border with Ukraine) as part of the European route E38, 3.5 km from the road 38K-023 (Lgov – Konyshyovka), 18 km from the road of intermunicipal significance 38H-362 (38K-017 – Nikolayevka – Shirkovo), 2.5 km from the road 38H-437 (38K-023 – Olshanka – Marmyzhi – 38N-362), on the road 38H-434 (38N-437 – Krasnaya Dubrava), 2 km from the nearest railway halt 565 km (railway line Navlya – Lgov-Kiyevsky).
The rural locality is situated 68 km from Kursk Vostochny Airport, 153 km from Belgorod International Airport and 271 km from Voronezh Peter the Great Airport.
# Ahmedabad, Jhelum

Ahmedabad (Urdu: احمد آباد) is a village and union council of Jhelum District in the Punjab Province of Pakistan. It is part of Pind Dadan Khan Tehsil, and is located at 32°40'0N 73°20'0E with an altitude of 215 metres (708 feet). Ahmedabad is on the bank of the Jhelum River, about 7 km from the M2 motorway Lilah Inter change and about 30 km from Pind Dadan Khan Tehsil and 36 km from Khewra Salt Mines. Ahmadabad is a Khokhar settlement in Jhelum District.
Athar was once part of union council Ahmedabad and is now part of union council Tobah. Villages of Union Council Ahmedabad, Mandhar, Langr, Malyar, Bhana, Kotlan Syedan, Syed Rehman, Jndran, Meery.
# Sultan: A Memoir

Sultan: A Memoir is an autobiographical book by Wasim Akram, contributed by Gideon Haigh and published by HarperCollins in 2022.
Akram writes about his struggles with cocaine addiction and mentions Imran Khan.

## Contents

The memoir, written by cricket author Gideon Haigh, explores Akram's career, including his rise to prominence, contributions to cricket, and the 1992 Cricket World Cup victory.
Akram acknowledges his professional bonds, notably with Imran Khan and Javed Miandad, while expressing his disdain towards Ramiz Raja, Saleem Malik, and Aamer Sohail. His influence over the selection of Waqar Younis and the development of talents such as Shahid Afridi and Shoaib Akhtar are also discussed.
On personal matters, Akram openly addresses controversial issues such as the match-fixing allegations, team disputes, the Justice Qayyum report, the 1993 Grenada incident, and his cocaine addiction.
The memoir provides insights into the 1996 World Cup Bangalore Quarter final, his 1999 experiences following the Lahore meeting between Nawaz Sharif and Vajpayee, and the turbulent 1998/99 tour. Akram also reminisces about his earlier tour to India and the Nehru Cup.
The book ends with Akram's analysis of the 1999 Cricket World Cup and his criticism of political interference within the team.

## Reception

The book has been reviewed by Ollie Randall of The Times Literary Supplement, Rohit Mahajan of The Tribune India, Chintan Girish Modi of Hindustan Times, R. Kaushik of Moneycontrol and K C Vijaya Kumar of The Hindu.
# 54 Marsh Wall

54 Marsh Wall is a planned residential/retail skyscraper in the Isle of Dogs, London. The building was approved by Tower Hamlets on 19 January 2017. At 140 m (460 ft) high and containing 216 residential units, the tower will be among a number of similar residential skyscrapers under construction in the Isle of Dogs, including South Quay Plaza and the Landmark Pinnacle. An earlier proposal, submitted in 2014, envisioned 240 residential units involving two twin towers at 39 and 29 stories. The structure is due to be completed in 2024.
# Korabie

Korabie is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Bielany, within Sokołów County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland.
# Champeix

Champeix (French pronunciation:; Occitan: Champeilhs) is a commune in the Puy-de-Dôme department in Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes in central France.
# Chushal

Chushal (Persian: چوشل, also Romanized as Chūshal, Chooshal, Choushal’, Chowshāl; also known as Chū Ahl) is a village in Malfejan Rural District, in the Central District of Siahkal County, Gilan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 179, in 52 families.
# Phaethusa

In Greek mythology, Phaethusa or Phaëthusa /ˌfeɪəˈθjuːzə/ (Ancient Greek: Φαέθουσα Phaéthousa, "radiance") was a daughter of Helios and Neaera, the personification of the brilliant, blinding rays of the sun. With her twin sister, Lampetia, she guarded the cattle of Thrinacia. She carried a copper staff with which she tended to her father's herd of sheep. She is sometimes listed as among the Heliades, daughters of Helios and Clymene who mourned for their brother Phaethon and were transformed into poplar trees. In the Argonautica however, set explicitly after Phaethon's death, she and her sister are still tending to their father's flock.

## Namesake

* 296 Phaëtusa
# Union of Norwegian Cities

The Union of Norwegian Cities (Norwegian: Norges Byforbund) was an employers' organisation in Norway.
It was founded in 1903. Hans Thomas Knudtzon has been credited with taking the initiative. Its headquarters were in the street Arbiens gate, later in the building Kommunenes Hus in Haakon VIIs gate. It was a member body of the International Union of Local Authorities.
In 1972 it was merged with the Norwegian Association of Rural Municipalities (Norges Herredsforbund, founded in 1923) to form the Norwegian Association of Local and Regional Authorities. The two entities were also merged between 1942 and 1945, during the German occupation of Norway.