OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Slovene minority in Italy (1920–1947)

The Slovene minority in Italy (1920–1947) was the indigenous Slovene population—approximately 327,000 out of a total population of 1.3 million ethnic Slovenes at the time—that was cut from the remaining three-quarters of the Slovene ethnic community after the First World War. According to the secret Treaty of London and the Treaty of Rapallo in 1920, the former Austrian Littoral and western part of the former Inner Carniola of defeated Austria-Hungary were annexed to the Kingdom of Italy. Whereas only a few thousand Italians were left in the new South Slavic state, a population of half a million Slavs, both Slovenes and Croats, was subjected to forced Italianization until the fall of Fascism in Italy. After the Second World War, most of the region known as the Slovenian Littoral was transferred to Yugoslavia under the terms of the Treaty of Peace with Italy, 1947.

## Italianization

At the end of the 19th century, Trieste was the largest Slovene city, with more Slovene inhabitants than even Ljubljana. The Austrian census of 1911 recorded 56,845 Slovene speakers, compared to 41,727 in Ljubljana (part of the general Austrian census of 1910). They were the largest ethnic group in 9 of the 19 urban neighbourhoods of Trieste, and represented a majority in 7 of them. The Italian speakers, on the other hand, made up 60.1% of the population in the city center, 38.1% in the suburbs, and 6.0% in the surroundings. They were the largest linguistic group in 10 of the 19 urban neighbourhoods, and represented the majority in 7 of them (including all 6 in the city centre). Of the 11 villages included within the city limits, the Slovene speakers had an overwhelming majority in 10, and the German speakers in one (Miramare).
After being ceded from multiethnic Austria, the Italian nationalist milieus sought to make Trieste a città italianissima, committing a series of attacks led by Black Shirts against Slovene shops, libraries, lawyers' offices, and the central place of the rival community in the Trieste National Hall. Forced Italianization followed, and by the mid-1930s several thousand Slovenes, especially intellectuals from the Trieste region, emigrated to the Kingdom of Yugoslavia and to South America.
Notable Slovenes affected by Italianization included the poet Srečko Kosovel and the writer Boris Pahor. Slovenes that emigrated included the writers Vladimir Bartol and Josip Ribičič, the legal theorist Boris Furlan, and the architect Viktor Sulčič. In order to fight the Fascist repression, the militant anti-fascist organization TIGR was formed in 1927.

## Today

The estimated number of today's Slovene minority in Italy is 83,000 to 100,000.

## Notable members of the Slovene minority in Italy (1920–1947)

* Boris Pahor (1913-2022)
* Vladimir Bartol (1903–1967)
* Milko Bambič (1905–1991)
# Bagard

Bagard (French pronunciation:; Occitan: Bagarn) is a commune in the Gard department in southern France.
# Catalepsy (band)

Catalepsy is an American deathcore band formed in 2004. They have released one EP, Godless, and three studio albums, Iniquity, Bleed and Abomination of Desolation.

## History

Catalepsy was founded in 2004 as a thrash/metalcore three-piece. From August 2006 the band's sound moved towards deathcore. They entered the studio in September and recorded two demo songs. In 2008, the band finished a tour with Hatebreed for their Live Dominance DVD release. They completed their first studio album, Iniquity, in January 2008. The album was released on May 13, 2008. In early 2008, the band recorded a music video for their song "Trust". It premiered on MTV's Headbangers Ball. In late 2008, Drew Carothers left the band and was replaced by Josh Anderson of the Florida band Iamdivide. The band continued to tour with bands including After the Burial, Oceano, Too Pure to Die, Waking the Cadaver and Rose Funeral.
In October 2010, during the recording of Bleed, Josh Anderson left the band. He was replaced by Rick Norman, formerly of In The Ruins, also a past member of Catalepsy. On December 3, 2010, the band released the first single from Bleed called "Infernal". On February 26, 2011, the band announced a music video for the track "Bleed" due in the album release of May 10, 2011. Bleed was released on May 10, 2011 through Eulogy Recordings.
In late 2011, vocalist Rick Norman left the band and Josh Anderson returned in his place. On December 28, 2011, the band released a song titled "Westboro" that thematised the Westboro Baptist Church.
Catalepsy disbanded in 2013 but re-formed in September 2014 shortly. Catalepsy were writing new material in 2021 for an upcoming single, featuring all original members from the beginning of the band’s formation.

## Members
### Current lineup

* Ben Sutton – drums (2007–2008, 2010–2012, 2014–present)
* Rob Walden - guitar (2004-2013, 2021–present)
* Andrew Carothers – vocals (2007–2008, 2010, 2014–present)

### Past lineup

* Pat Chumley– bass
* Jeff Sanchez – bass
* Craig O'Reilly III – bass
* Timothy Smith – bass
* Justin Grimes – drums
* Charles Nikolet – drums
* Rob Walden – guitar (2004–2012)
* Mat Selovers – guitar (2004–2005)
* Benjamin Tucker – vocals (2004–2005)
* Nancy Michelle – vocals (2005–2006)
* Danny Schwartz – bass (2006–2011)
* Mike Cromwell – guitar (2006–2007)
* John Stephan – guitar (2007–2008)
* Rob Conover – vocals (2008–2009)
* Josh Anderson – vocals (2008–2010, 2011–2012)
* Matt Sutton — guitar (2008–2011)
* Bert Conover – vocals (2009)
* Mike Burns – drums (2010)
* Brandon Honeycutt - bass (2010)
* Rick Norman – vocals (2010–2011)
* Sean Murphy – bass (2011–2012)
* Matt Browning – guitar (2011–2012)

## Discography
### Albums

* Iniquity (2008)
* Bleed (2011)
* Abomination of Desolation (2012)

### EPs

* Godless (2007)
* Hallowed Be Thy Grave (2005)
* Decapitation of Eros (2005)

## Videography

* "Trust" (2008)
* "Bleed" (2011)
# Nowe Warpno Lake

The Nowe Warpno Lake (German: Neuwarper See, Warper See; Polish: Jezioro Nowowarpieńskie) is a bay on the southern shore of the Szczecin Lagoon. It runs for about 6 kilometres (3.7 mi) into the interior and has two narrow channels to the lagoon in the north that are each only 150 metres (490 ft) wide and divided by a small island of reeds.
The west and south shores of the bay belong to the district of Vorpommern-Greifswald in the German federal state of Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, the east shore is part of the Polish West Pomeranian Voivodeship (Police County). On the Neuwarper See lie the municipality of Altwarp and the village of Rieth [de] in the municipality of Luckow, as well as the town of Nowe Warpno (Neuwarp) and its districts – Podgrodzie (Altstadt) and Karszno (Albrechtsdorf). The island of Riether Werder, 0.83 km$^2$ in area, lies in the German part of the Neuwarper See and is, like the entire shore between Altwarp and Rieth a nature reserve [de]. The island of Łysa Wyspa [pl] (Kahleberg) lies in Polish waters.
Passenger ferries run between Altwarp and Neuwarp all year round (6 trips each way from 10:00 to 17:30).
# Mudaison

Mudaison (French pronunciation:; Occitan: Mudason) is a commune in the Hérault department in the Occitanie region in southern France.
# Saint-Avit-de-Soulège

Saint-Avit-de-Soulège (French pronunciation:; Occitan: Sent Avit de Soletge) is a commune in the Gironde department in Nouvelle-Aquitaine in southwestern France.
# Saint-Michel-de-Chabrillanoux

Saint-Michel-de-Chabrillanoux (French pronunciation:; Occitan: Sant Michèu de Chabrilhanós) is a commune in the Ardèche department of the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region in southern France.
# Romeo and Juliet in the Snow

Romeo and Juliet in the Snow (German: Romeo und Julia im Schnee) is a 1920 German silent comedy film directed by Ernst Lubitsch and starring Lotte Neumann, Julius Falkenstein and Gustav von Wangenheim. The film's title plays off of the William Shakespeare play, Romeo and Juliet.

## Cast

* Lotte Neumann as Julia
* Gustav von Wangenheim as Romeo
* Jakob Tiedtke as Bauer
* Marga Köhler as Bäuerin
* Ernst Rückert as Montekugerl
* Paul Biensfeldt as Beamte
* Julius Falkenstein as Paris
* Hermann Picha as Beamte
* Josefine Dora as Frau Montekugerl
# Walter D. Scott

Sir Walter Scott, AC, CMG (10 November 1903 - 12 February 1981) was an Australian accountant who founded Australia's first management consultancy firm, WD Scott and was active in its leadership until his death in 1981. He was knighted in 1966 and appointed a Companion of the Order of Australia in 1979.
In the 1950s, 1960s, and 1970s, WD Scott was Australia's leading management consultancy firm. Born in Perth and trained as an accountant, he is best known for leading the review into decimal currency and heading the Australian Decimal Currency Board.
WD Scott was named after Scott and his wife, Dorothy (later Lady Scott).
The Australian Graduate School of Management at the University of NSW has a leadership scholarship named after Sir Walter Scott.
WD Scott was recipient of the first Juran Medal, awarded by the Australian Organization for Quality. It was presented on 4 September 1975 by Joseph M. Juran himself, stating: "Probably few Australians of contemporary times have given so much diversified service to their country as Sir Walter Scott. He is very much a product and a champion of private enterprise; yet governments of differing political shades have charged him with missions of national responsibility. Internationally Sir Walter has been active and has been awarded many overseas honours. He has held a number of important overseas posts including President of the Federated Chambers of Commerce (1968-70), President of the International Committee of Scientific Management (1958-60) and since 1969 has been Chancellor of the International Academy of Management. In Australia Sir Walter’s public service began in World War II notably as Chairman of the NSW Munitions Board. Since then he has been a member of the Secondary Industries Commission; Chairman of the Motor Car Advisory Committee, member of the Aluminium Production Commission, Chairman of the NSW Coal Prices Committee, Chairman of the Industrial Design Council of Australia, Chairman of the Decimal Currency Board and in very recent times Chairman of the Committee examining national Purchasing. It is in the field of quality control that Sir Walter made his mark not only with AOQC but throughout many areas in which he exercised influence. Long ago he recognised the vital role of quality control throughout our industry and the continuing challenge to improve quality of life – in services, in products, methods, use of time and use of leisure."
# Louros (river)

The Louros (Greek: Λούρος) is a river in the Epirus region, in northwestern Greece. It is 80 km (50 mi) long, and its drainage area is 963 km$^2$ (372 sq mi). It emerges from the ground in a large spring located immediately north of the village of Vouliasta, in the Ioannina regional unit. It flows south through a canyon, and then a dam followed by a hydroelectric power station. The Louros flows past the town of Filippiada, forming the boundary between Arta regional unit and the Preveza regional unit. The river then veers east into the Preveza regional unit, flowing through the municipality of Louros, named after the river. The Louros then empties into the marshes at the northern end of the Ambracian Gulf.
With Strymon River, Louros is one of only two rivers in the world where the critically endangered Greek lamprey (Caspiomyzon hellenicus) has been found.
# Pulp and paper industry in Japan

Japan is the third country in the world in production of paper (2011 figures). The leading Japanese company in the field (2015) is Oji Paper, with three other Japanese companies–Sumitomo Forestry, Nippon Paper Group, and Unicharm–also in the world top 20.
# Čímice

Čímice (German: Zimitz) is a municipality and village in Klatovy District in the Plzeň Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 200 inhabitants.

## Etymology

The name was derived from the personal name Čím, meaning "the village of Čím's people".

## Geography

Čímice is located about 27 kilometres (17 mi) southeast of Klatovy and 55 km (34 mi) south of Plzeň. It lies in the Bohemian Forest Foothills. The highest point is at 599 m (1,965 ft) above sea level.

## History

The first written mention of Čímice is from 1543. For centuries, the village was divided into two parts, which belonged to the estates of Žichovice and Strakonice.

## Demographics

| Year | Pop. | ±% |
| 1869 | 568 | — |
| 1880 | 672 | +18.3% |
| 1890 | 597 | −11.2% |
| 1900 | 595 | −0.3% |
| 1910 | 590 | −0.8% |
| Year | Pop. | ±% |
| 1921 | 590 | +0.0% |
| 1930 | 552 | −6.4% |
| 1950 | 445 | −19.4% |
| 1961 | 374 | −16.0% |
| 1970 | 336 | −10.2% |
| Year | Pop. | ±% |
| 1980 | 230 | −31.5% |
| 1991 | 184 | −20.0% |
| 2001 | 153 | −16.8% |
| 2011 | 177 | +15.7% |
| 2021 | 152 | −14.1% |
Source: Censuses :

## Transport

There are no railways or major roads running through the territory.

## Sights

The main landmark of Čímice is the Chapel of Saints Cyril and Methodius. It was built in 1862–1863.
# Les Esseintes

Les Esseintes (French pronunciation:; Occitan: Las Essentas) is a commune in the Gironde department in southwestern France.
# Technical education in Japan

Technical education in Japan occurs at both secondary, further and tertiary education levels. The initial nine-years of education is compulsory and uniform in coursework.

## Secondary education

Entry to Kōsen Colleges of Technology and technical high schools is at age 15 years. The kōsen basically provide five-years of training (although most provide the succeeding two-year course as well). For the graduates, transferring tracks are provided to universities and graduate schools. The high schools provide three-years of training, and the graduates are qualified to, but comparatively hard to proceed to tertiary education, for the usual university entrance examination is not considered for the case. There are 62 kōsen colleges and ?? technical high schools.

## Tertiary education

Western-style began in earnest in the Meiji period with the founding of the British-dominated Imperial College of Engineering. Currently it occurs in the engineering faculty of Tokyo University and other engineering faculties of public and private universities nationwide. The ratio of engineering to science students was 6-to-1 in 1992. There are a number of technical universities called Institutes of Technology, such as Tokyo Institute of Technology, Kyushu Institute of Technology and Nagoya Institute of Technology and others. Most are national universities, although Osaka Institute of Technology and Kanazawa Institute of Technology are private. In addition, two- or three-year private vocational colleges are also very popular, and the graduates in most four-year courses are qualified to proceed to graduate schools. Most of these tertiary students come through three-years of general education at high schools.
# Novoaptikovo

Novoaptikovo (Russian: Новоаптиково; Bashkir: Яңы Әптек, Yañı Äptek) is a rural locality (a selo) and the administrative centre of Sayranovsky Selsoviet, Ishimbaysky District, Bashkortostan, Russia. The population was 1,421 as of 2010. There are 25 streets.

## Geography

Novoaptikovo is located 26 km east of Ishimbay (the district's administrative centre) by road. Aptikovo is the nearest rural locality.
# Combronde

Combronde (French pronunciation:; Occitan: Combaronda) is a commune in the Puy-de-Dôme department in Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes in central France.
# Seagull management

Seagull management is a management style wherein a manager only interacts with employees when suspecting that a problem has arisen. The perception is that such a management style involves hasty decisions about things of which the manager has little understanding, leading to disruption and the disorientation of resources.
The phrase is a figure of speech comparing such a manager to a typical squawking and messy seagull, with one employee characterising seagull managers as those who "flew in, made a lot of noise, dumped on everyone from a great height, then flew out again, leaving others to deal with the consequences".
# Citrus reshni

Citrus reshni also known as Cleopatra mandarin is a citrus tree that is commonly used in agriculture as a rootstock of different cultivated species of citrus, mostly orange, grapefruit, tangerine and lemon. It originated in India and later was introduced to Florida from Jamaica in the mid-nineteenth century.
The Cleopatra mandarin fruit belong to the "acidic" group of mandarins, which are too sour to be edible. When they are grown it is for the rootstock or for juice production. The rootstock can handle multiple soil conditions including tolerance to the presence of limestone, salinity and soil alkalinity along with being suitable for shallow soils. It is resistant to citrus tristeza virus and exocortis but is sensitive to root asphyxia and Phytophthora. One of the down sides to using the rootstock is it grows slow in the early years. In the right conditions it can induce high productivity and excellent fruit quality, although these are usually somewhat smaller than with others.
# Serres-Castet

Serres-Castet (French pronunciation:; Occitan: Sèrras Castèth) is a commune in the Pyrénées-Atlantiques department in south-western France.
# Cazevieille

Cazevieille (French pronunciation:; Occitan: Casavièlha) is a commune in the Hérault department in southern France.
# Church of the Holy Ghost, Bern

The Church of the Holy Ghost (German: Heiliggeistkirche) is a Swiss Reformed Church in Bern, Switzerland. The Swiss heritage site of national significance building is located at Spitalgasse 44 in the Old City of Bern. It is one of largest Swiss Reformed churches in Switzerland.

## Early churches

The first church was a chapel built for the Holy Ghost hospital and abbey. The chapel, hospital, and abbey were first mentioned in 1228 and at the time sat about 150 meters (490 ft) outside the western gate in the first city wall. This building was replaced by the second church between 1482 and 1496. During the 15th century, the Holy Ghost Abbey began to slowly decline. In 1528, the church was secularized by the reformers and the last two monks at the Abbey were driven out of Bern. During the following years, it was used as a granary. In 1604 it was again used for religious services, as the hospital church for the Oberer Spital. At that time, the church had a maximum capacity of about 750. The second church was demolished in 1726 to make way for a new church building.

## Construction of the modern church

Following an 11-year planning phase, in 1726-29, the third church was built by Niklaus Schiltknecht. This church was built out of a local sandstone in the baroque style. Until 1865, it was located west of the Christoffelturm and the Christoffelturm Church. However, these buildings were demolished to make way for the new train station.
During the 1726 construction of the church, Roman religious objects were discovered under the foundation. From this find, it appears likely that the church sits on the site of an old Roman temple.

## Interior

The first organ in the new church was installed in 1804, and was replaced in 1933 by the second organ. The church has six bells, one of the two largest was cast in 1596 and the other in 1728. The four other bells were all cast in 1860. The interior is supported by 14 monolithic columns made of sandstone and has a free-standing pulpit in the northern part of the nave. Much like the St. Pierre Cathedral in Geneva, the Church of the Holy Ghost holds about 2,000 people and is one of the largest Protestant churches in Switzerland.

## Notable ministers

From 1693 to 1698, the hospital's chief minister was the Pietist theologian Samuel Heinrich König. In 1829 and 1830, the vicar of the church was the poet Jeremias Gotthelf.
* Church of the Holy Ghost and the Burgerspital in 1719
* Bubenbergplatz with the Church of the Holy Ghost
* Interior
# Viviers, Ardèche

Viviers (French pronunciation:, also Viviers-sur-Rhône; Occitan: Vivièrs) is a village in the department of Ardèche in southern France. It is known for its medieval cathedral and views over the Rhone river.

## History

The village's name is derived from the Latin Vivarium, referring to fish farming ponds built on the banks of the Rhône by the Romans to supply Alba Helviorum. A Roman-built bridge designed to facilitate trade in the area still stands near the village's center.
Viviers became the capital of the Gaulish Helvii tribe following the decline of nearby Alba-la-Romaine. In the fifth century, Viviers was incorporated into the Kingdom of the Burgundians and was later conquered by the Franks.
In the late fifth century, the fortified town became a powerful episcopal seat and the capital of the pays Vivarais. It remains the see of the Bishop of Viviers. In the 6th century, Venant de Viviers served as the Bishop of Viviers.
In the 9th century, Viviers and Vivarais passed to the Kingdom of Provence and eventually became an integral part of the Kingdom of Arles from 933 to 1032. The city was part of the Holy Roman Empire from 1032 until 1307. After a gradual process lasting from 1305-1308, the area passed to the Kingdom of France and was made a county. From the 15th century onward, its Bishops held the titles Count of Viviers and Prince of Donzère and Châteauneuf-du-Rhône.
After its incorporation into the Kingdom of France, Viviers reinforced its walls, sparing it from destruction during the Hundred Years' War. In the early 16th century, Claude of Tournon was made Bishop. As chaplain to Anne of Brittany, he invested greatly into the town. Later in the same century, Noel Albert, an eminent citizen of Viviers, seized the town for Protestantism, bringing it into the French Wars of Religion and ransacking the Cathedral. After Albert's execution and the end of the conflict, Viviers' profile was significantly reduced. The bishops, who had fled the city during the war, only returned to Viviers in the 18th century, after the construction of a large new Bishop's Palace.
Viviers emerged from the French Revolution unscathed as its Bishop, Charles de La Font de Savine, had been one of the few Catholic bishops to pledge allegiance to the revolutionary government. In 1858, Joseph-Hippolyte Guibert gifted three Gobelins tapestries to the Cathedral, where they remain. The 19th century saw industrial expansion in Viviers and slight population growth. Today, the town is a center of tourism, owing to its many listed monuments, including the medieval Cathedral of St. Vincent and the Grande Rue, a street lined with 18th-century townhouses.
# Gossner College

The Gossner College is one of oldest institutions formed by the Gossner Evangelical and Lutheran Church. It is a minority college affiliated to Ranchi University.

## History

Governed by Gossner Evangelical and Lutheran Church of Chotanagpur and Assam was established in 1971 with the prime objective of giving the Tribal Christian young men and women as well as socially, economically backward and underprivileged and privileged communities of this region, namely the Scheduled Tribes, the Scheduled Castes and other backward classes an opportunity of higher education in a Christian atmosphere. It is one of the premier centres of higher education in the state of Jharkhand. It provides Intermediate and Undergraduate Learning Programmes in science, commerce and arts.
# Saint-Front-sur-Nizonne

Saint-Front-sur-Nizonne (French pronunciation:, literally Saint-Front on Nizonne; Occitan: Sent Front de Champs Niers) is a commune in the Dordogne department in Nouvelle-Aquitaine in southwestern France.
In 1912, the commune of Saint-Front-de-Champniers changed its name to Saint-Front-sur-Nizonne.

## Geography

The Lizonne, also called Nizonne, flows west through the middle of the commune.