OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Alex Massie (journalist)

Alex Massie (born 1 July 1974) is a British journalist based in Edinburgh. He has served as the Scotland editor for The Spectator, and writes political columns for The Times and The Sunday Times. Massie is also a regular contributor to ITV Border, BBC Television and BBC Radio.

## Early life

The son of the journalist Allan Massie, Massie was educated at St. Mary's School, Melrose, Glenalmond College in Perthshire and at Trinity College Dublin, where he edited T.C.D. Miscellany. He was also an active member of the University Philosophical Society, one of the college's main debating societies. Massie applied to Cambridge University twice and was rejected both times.
In 1997, he won the John Smith Memorial Mace debating competition, speaking with Matthew Magee and representing the University Philosophical Society. Formerly The Observer Mace, the competition was renamed in 1995 and is run by the English-Speaking Union.

## Career

Massie is Scotland editor of The Spectator, a columnist for the Scottish edition of The Times, and a regular contributor to Border Television as well as BBC Television and Radio. Prior to this, he edited a political blog, The Debatable Land.
He was previously Washington correspondent for The Scotsman and assistant editor of Scotland on Sunday. He has also written for The Washington Post, Politico, The Daily Telegraph, The New Republic, Foreign Policy, The Sunday Times, The Daily Beast, the Los Angeles Times, the Scottish Daily Mail, National Review Online, The Sunday Telegraph, The New York Times, The American Conservative, Time, Bloomberg Businessweek, The Observer, the New Statesman, The Big Issue, Slate, CapX, the Irish Independent, Newsweek and The Sunday Business Post. Since January 2009 he has written a blog that is published by The Spectator. In 2012 he was short-listed in the blog section for the Orwell Prize for political writing.
On 18 January 2014, Massie appeared in a BBC Referendum debate as an 'undecided voter'. On 27 August 2015, Massie wrote an article for The Times titled 'BBC 'bias' against independence was essential'.
In November 2018, Massie wrote an article for The Spectator suggesting that France should reasonably honour Philippe Pétain for his service in World War I separating his legacy of service from his later career as the head of the collaborationist regime of Vichy France, from 1940 to 1944, during World War II. He wrote the book reviews for the 2020 edition of Wisden Cricketers' Almanack.
In a January 2021 opinion piece titled "Self-ID is a fantasy that hurts trans people", Massie claimed: "We pretend that women can — and do — commit rape… In England and Wales 436 male-bodied sex offenders were classified as women from 2012 to 2018." The article was later ruled to be inaccurate by the Independent Press Standards Organisation (IPSO), following which The Times published a correction.

## Personal life

Massie plays for Selkirk Cricket Club and supports Scottish football side Heart of Midlothian.
# Ivan Pershin

Ivan Vasilevich Pershin (Russian: Иван Васильевич Першин, born 25 January 1980) is a Russian judoka.
Pershin was born in Arkhangelsk.
At the 2008 Summer Olympics Pershin was eliminated in the semifinals of the 90 kg competition after losing his fight to the upcoming gold medalist Irakli Tsirekidze. And he lost the following bronze medal fight to Sergei Aschwanden.

## Achievements

| Year | Tournament | Place | Weight class |
| 2009 | European Judo Championships | 7th | Middleweight (90 kg) |
| 2008 | 2008 Summer Olympics | 5th | Middleweight (90 kg) |
| 2007 | World Judo Championships | 3rd | Middleweight (90 kg) |
| 2007 | European Judo Championships | 7th | Middleweight (90 kg) |
| 2006 | European Judo Championships | 1st | Middleweight (90 kg) |
# Monfaucon, Dordogne

Monfaucon (French pronunciation:; Occitan: Montfaucon) is a commune in the Dordogne department in Nouvelle-Aquitaine in southwestern France.
# Bolshegrivskoye

Bolshegrivskoye (Russian: Большегривское) is an urban locality (an urban-type settlement) in Novovarshavsky District of Omsk Oblast, Russia. Population: 3,637 (2010 Census); 3,809 (2002 Census); 4,282 (1989 Soviet census).
# Kaseh Sangi

Kaseh Sangi (Persian: كاسه سنگي, also Romanized as Kāseh Sangī; also known as Kāseh Sang) is a village in Baqeran Rural District, in the Central District of Birjand County, South Khorasan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 146, in 47 families.
# Vygonichsky District

Vygonichsky District (Russian: Вы́гоничский райо́н) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the twenty-seven in Bryansk Oblast, Russia. It is located in the center of the oblast. The area of the district is 1,028 square kilometers (397 sq mi). Its administrative center is the urban locality (a work settlement) of Vygonichi. Population: 17,117 (2021 Census); 20,105 (2010 Census); 22,770 (2002 Census); 23,058 (1989 Soviet census). The population of Vygonichi accounts for 27.2% of the district's total population.
# Al-Dibis SC

Al-Dibis Sport Club (Arabic: نادي الدبس الرياضي), is an Iraqi football team based in Dibis District, Kirkuk, that plays in Iraqi Second Division League.

## Managerial history

* Abbas Rasheed
* Ghassan Mohammed

## Famous players

* Younis Mahmoud (1997–1999)
# John A. Sampson

John Albertson Sampson (August 17, 1873–December 23, 1946) was a gynecologist who studied endometriosis.
Sampson was born near Troy, New York and graduated from Johns Hopkins in 1899. After completing his training in gynecology, he settled in Albany, New York. He worked at the Albany Hospital, and later became Professor of Gynecology at Albany Medical College.
While endometriotic cysts had been described before - notably by W.W. Russell in 1898, it was Sampson who studied the disease systematically, described the clinical manifestations, and contributed to our understanding by proposing, in 1921, that endometriosis - a term he coined - is a process caused by the escape of menstrual debris including endometrial tissue that escapes retrograde through the fallopian tubes into the pelvis. This then leads to secondary reactions of inflammation, repair, and scar formation. His theory of retrograde menstruation explains the typical distribution of endometriosis in the pelvis and why women with cervical or vaginal obstruction have a high incidence of endometriosis, it does not, however, provide an answer to why some women have endometriosis after hysterectomy or in distant organs. Thus, alternative theories have been developed, including the concept of endometriosis that starts in the pelvis de novo from stem cells. Even today, these and other theories coexist, as the cause of endometriosis remains a subject of debate.
He has the distinction of having an artery named after him, Sampson's artery.
Sampson died in Albany.
# Sun Lianzhong

Sun Lianzhong (Chinese: 孫連仲; Wade–Giles: Sun Lien-chung; 2 February 1893 – 14 August 1990) was a Chinese general during the Warlord Era, Second Sino-Japanese War and Chinese Civil War. Best known for his command of the 2nd Group Army in the Battle of Taierzhuang, he had a long career in the army.

## Biography

Sun enlisted in the army in 1912. During the Warlord Era he was a member of the Northwest Army led by Feng Yuxiang. During the Northern Expedition he fought with Zhang Zuolin's Fengtian Clique, and fought with Feng and Yan Xishan against Chiang Kai-shek in the Central Plains War. He eventually rejoined the Nanjing government, and commanded Nationalist forces during the 2nd, 3rd and 5th Campaigns against the Jiangxi Soviet.
During the Second Sino-Japanese War he commanded the 1st Army in the Northern Peiking – Hankow Railway Operation, and the 2nd Group Army in the Battle of Taiyuan and the Battle of Xuzhou. As Deputy commander of the 6th war Area he was in command of the Chinese forces during the Battle of West Hubei, and as commander-in-chief of the 6th War Area, he defeated the Japanese at the Battle of Changde. He went on to command the 6th War Area until the end of the war.
In 1945, Sun Lianzhong was made commander-in-chief of the 11th War Area and ordered to reoccupy Tianjin, Beiping, Baoding, and Shijiazhuang and accept the surrender of the Japanese troops there. However the KMT forces soon engaged in conflict with the Chinese Communist forces and the Chinese Civil War broke out in full force again. Sun served as the commander of the Baoding Pacification Headquarters. After two years he resigned his posts in Northern China, and retreated with the Nationalist government to Taiwan. In Taiwan, he opened a restaurant with Pang Bingxun, and served as a advisor to the government and a member of the Central Committee of the Kuomintang. Sun died in Taipei in 1990, at the age of 97.
# Teymur Suri-ye Sofla

Teymur Suri-ye Sofla (Persian: تيمورسوري سفلي, also Romanized as Teymūr Sūrī-ye Soflá) is a village in Firuzabad Rural District, Firuzabad District, Selseleh County, Lorestan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 99, in 23 families.
# Tosselilla Summer Park

Tosselilla Summer Park (Swedish: Tosselilla sommarland) or Tosselilla Amusement Park, previously Tomelilla Summer Park (Swedish: Tomelilla sommarland), is an amusement park outside Tomelilla, Sweden. It was opened on 26 May 1984. There are 86 activities at Tosselilla, including a zipline, swimming pools, roller coasters, water coasters, canoes and bumper cars.
# Villars, Dordogne

Villars (French pronunciation:; Occitan: Vilars) is a commune in the Dordogne department in Nouvelle-Aquitaine in southwestern France. Nearby towns include Brantôme and Nontron.
Villars' attractions include the Château de Puyguilhem, Grotte de Villars and the Abbaye de Boschaud.
# 2008 in Nepal

The following lists events that happened during 2008 in Nepal.

## Incumbents

* Monarch: Gyanendra (until May 28) - monarchy abolished
* President: Ram Baran Yadav (starting 23 July)
* Prime Minister: Girija Prasad Koirala (starting 25 May and ending 18 August), Prachanda (starting 18 August)
* Vice President: Parmanand Jha (starting 23 July)
* Chief Justice: Kedar Prasad Giri

## Events
### May

* May 26 - Nepalese authorities ban rallies and mass meetings in Kathmandu prior to the first meeting of the Nepalese Constituent Assembly which is expected to declare Nepal a republic.
* May 28 - The Nepalese Constituent Assembly meets for the first time after the 2008 Nepalese Constituent Assembly election and votes to abolish the monarchy and establish a republic.

### June

* June 11 - The last King of Nepal Gyanendra departs from Narayanhiti Palace for the last time after Nepal is declared to be a republic.

### July

* July 21 - Nepal's presidential election concludes with Ram Baran Yadav winning with a majority.

### August

* August 15 - The Nepalese Constituent Assembly elects former Maoist rebel Prachanda as the first Prime Minister of Nepal as a republic.

## Deaths

Edmund Hillary - First person to reach top of Everest.
# Starotatyshevo

Starotatyshevo (Russian: Старотатышево; Bashkir: Иҫке Татыш, İśke Tatış) is a rural locality (a selo) in Yabalakovsky Selsoviet, Ilishevsky District, Bashkortostan, Russia. The population was 451 as of 2010. There are 5 streets.

## Geography

Starotatyshevo is located 44 km north of Verkhneyarkeyevo (the district's administrative centre) by road. Chuganak is the nearest rural locality.
# Nights on the Nile

Nights on the Nile (German: Nächte am Nil) is a 1949 West German musical comedy film directed by Arthur Maria Rabenalt and starring Sonja Ziemann, Wolfgang Lukschy and Kurt Seifert. It was shot at the Tempelhof Studios in West Berlin and on location around the city including along the River Havel. The film's sets were designed by the art director Emil Hasler and Walter Kutz.

## Cast

* Sonja Ziemann as Susanne
* Wolfgang Lukschy as Dr. Robert Dirig - Schriftsteller
* Kurt Seifert as Paul Kleinke - Möbelfabrikant
* Ina Caroll as Evelyne Miranda - Stummfilmstar
* Gerd Frickhöffer as Dr. Jacques Ramborn - Scheidungsanwalt
* Ralph Lothar as Ricardo Cabanera - Kunstflieger
* Aribert Wäscher as Film Producer
* Fritz Böttger as Film Director
* Walter Gross as Aufnahmeleiter Kapitzke
* Guido Goroll as Cinematographer
* Antônio Miro as Meier
* Charlotte Renner as Sekretärin
* Franz Weber as Sperling - Gerichtsvollzieher
* Günther Keil as Ansager im Stummfilmkino
* Herbert von Boxberger as Liebhaber im Stummfilm
* Louis Brody as an Egyptian man
# The Last of the Mohicans (1920 German film)

The Last of the Mohicans (German: Der letzte der Mohikaner) is the feature-length second part of the 1920 German silent Western film Lederstrumpf (Leatherstocking) directed by Arthur Wellin and featuring Bela Lugosi and Emil Mamalock. Bela Lugosi played the Indian Chingachgook, one of his most unusual roles, and Emil Mamalock played Hawkeye, the Deerslayer. It is based on James Fenimore Cooper's 1826 novel of the same name. The first part is The Deerslayer and Chingachgook (Der Wildtöter und Chingachgook).
A print of Lederstrumpf, in its heavily edited shortened U.S. version titled The Deerslayer, was discovered in the 1990s, but the original full-length German film is lost.

## Cast

In alphabetical order
* Charles Barley as Harry
* Edward Eyseneck as Worley
* Herta Heden as Judith Hutter
* Gottfried Kraus as Tom Hutter
* Bela Lugosi as Chingachgook, an Indian brave
* Emil Mamelok as the Deerslayer (aka Hawkeye)
* Erna Rehberger as Heddy Hutter
* Kurt Rottenburg as Magua (villain)
* Egon Söhnlein as Col. Munro
* Margot Sokolowska as Wah-ta-Wah
* Heddy Sven as Cora Munro
# Lee Chung-wei

Lee Chung-wei (Chinese: 李仲威; pinyin: Lǐ Zhòngwēi; born 14 December 1952) is a Taiwanese politician and naval Vice Admiral. He is the acting Chairperson of Ocean Affairs Council since 14 January 2019.

## Education

Lee received his bachelor's degree from the Republic of China Naval Academy in 1975 and completed further studies at the National Defense University in the Naval Command and Staff College and the War College in 1987 and 1989, respectively.

## Political careers

Lee was appointed as the Minister of the Coast Guard Administration on 20 May 2016. On 28 April 2018, the Ocean Affairs Council was established and the Coast Guard Administration was placed under it. Lee was then appointed as the Deputy Chairperson of the council.
# Golgos

In Greek mythology, Golgos (Ancient Greek: Γόλγος, romanized: Gólgos) is the son of Aphrodite and Adonis, brother of Beroe, and founder of the Ancient city of Golgi (Also known as Cyprian Golgi, located in modern-day Larnaca District in Cyprus).

## Note

* ↑ Graves, Robert (1960). The Greek Myths. London: Penguin Books. p. 70. ISBN 9780140171990.
# Hajjiabad-e Neyzaz

Hajjiabad-e Neyzaz (Persian: حاجي ابادنيزاز, also Romanized as Ḩājjīābād-e Neyzāz; also known as Ḩājjīābād-e Neyzār, Ḩājīābād, Hājīābād, and Ḩājjīābād) is a village in Neyzar Rural District, Salafchegan District, Qom County, Qom Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 153, in 42 families.
# Saint-Marcel-lès-Valence

Saint-Marcel-lès-Valence (French pronunciation:, literally Saint-Marcel near Valence; Occitan: Sant Marçau de Valença) is a commune in the Drôme department in southeastern France.

## Geography

The commune of Saint-Marcel-lès-Valence borders the city of Valence, the prefecture of Drôme.
# 2013 in Nepal

Events from the year 2013 in Nepal.

## Incumbents

* President: Ram Baran Yadav
* Prime Minister: Baburam Bhattarai (until 14 March), Khil Raj Regmi (acting) (starting 14 March)
* Vice President: Parmanand Jha
* Chief Justice: Khil Raj Regmi

## Incumbents

* 14 March - Khil Raj Regmi became acting Prime minister.

## Events

* 19 November - Nepali Congress wins 196 of 575 elected seats in the Nepalese Constituent Assembly election

## Deaths

* 9 September - Phatteman Rajbhandari, vocalist and musician
* 31 October - Jagadish Ghimire, writer and political analyst
* 24 December - Hutta Ram Baidya, Bagmati conservation activist
# Lycoa

Lycoa or Lykoa (Ancient Greek: Λυκόα), was a town in ancient Arcadia in the district Maenalia, at the foot of Mount Maenalus, with a temple of Artemis Lycoatis. It was in ruins in the time of Pausanias (2nd century).
Its site is tentatively located south of the modern Davia.
# Cuq, Lot-et-Garonne

Cuq (French pronunciation:; Occitan: Cuc) is a commune in the Lot-et-Garonne department in south-western France with about 280 inhabitants. The local windmill has been restored twice after 300 years of inactivity, first in 1997 and again in 2012, so that it can produce flour and its oven can bake bread.

## Geography

The river Auroue forms all of the commune's eastern border.
# Yeshiva of Cape Town

The Yeshiva of Cape Town is a kollel and yeshiva established in 1994. Its full title is "The Rabbi Cyril and Ann Harris Yeshiva of Cape Town", named for the late Chief Rabbi. It is based in the Green and Sea Point Hebrew Congregation, in the suburb of Sea Point, Cape Town.
The Yeshiva's ideology is Religious Zionist / Centrist Orthodox. It was previously headed by Rabbi Sam Thurgood, Rabbi Eitan Bendavid, Rabbi Moshe Ordman, Rabbi Nachum Romm, Rabbi Yossi Slotnik and Rabbi Ori Einhorn, and originally by Rabbi Jonathan Glass and Moshe Kornblum . It served as the blueprint for the Torah MiTzion global Kollel initiative, now operating in some 40 cities. The Bachurim (students) of the Yeshiva come from Israel for a period of 11 months, mainly from hesder yeshivot.
The Yeshiva provides "a depth and breadth of Torah study for the entire Cape Town community" . It operates a chavruta programme (partnered study) at various synagogues in the city; it participates in and initiates programs throughout Cape Town and has a learning program in a different community every night. It also participates in Shabbat activities in various communities each week. Over 400 people participate weekly in the yeshiva's various activities . The Yeshiva has also partnered with United Herzlia Schools, the local day schools, to enhance Torah education throughout the system. The bochrim also work as madrichim ("counselors") at the Bnei Akiva South Africa summer camp.
# Nahugan

Nahugan (Persian: ناهوگان, also Romanized as Nāhūgān) is a village in Marz Rural District, Chah Dadkhoda District, Qaleh Ganj County, Kerman Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 58, in 10 families.
# 2016 in Nepal

Events from the year 2016 in Nepal

## Incumbents

* President: Bidhya Devi Bhandari
* Vice President: Nanda Kishor Pun
* Prime Minister: Khadga Prasad Oli (until 4 August), Pushpa Kamal Dahal (starting 4 August)

## Events
### January

* 4 January - 2016 Imphal Earthquake

### February

* 26 February - 2016 Air Kasthamandap crash

## Deaths

* 9 February - Sushil Koirala, former Prime Minister (b. 1939)
* 7 June - Amber Gurung, musician (b. 1938)
* 27 August - Gore Bahadur Khapangi, former Minister (b. 1940)
* 16 September - Madhav Ghimire, former Home Minister and Chief Secretary
* 29 December - Kamal Mani Dixit, litterateur (b. 1929)
# Chahar Qaleh-ye Olya

Chahar Qaleh-ye Olya (Persian: چهارقلعه عليا, also Romanized as Chahār Qal‘eh-ye ‘Olyā) is a village in Kuhdasht-e Jonubi Rural District, in the Central District of Kuhdasht County, Lorestan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 78, in 14 families.
# Rohr Saddle

The Rohr Saddle (German: Rohrer Sattel, el. 864 m.) is a high mountain pass in the Austrian Alps, located in the Bundesland of Lower Austria.
It connects Rohr im Gebirge and Gutenstein and has a maximum grade of 84 percent. The pass road is the Gutensteinerstraße (B 21).
# Radyyon Zhuk

Radyyon Zhuk (Belarusian: Радыён Жук; Russian: Родион Жук; born 6 March 1983) is a Belarusian former professional footballer.
# RJF

RJF may refer to:
* Reichsbund jüdischer Frontsoldaten
* Reichsjugendführer Baldur von Schirach
* Raymond James Financial, Inc.
* Reines Jüdisches Fett
* Red Jacket Firearms LLC, manufacturer and seller of custom weapons located in Baton Rouge, Louisiana
* Robert James Fischer, American chess grandmaster and the eleventh World Chess Champion.
# Pavel Chernev

Pavel Mihaylov Chernev (Bulgarian: Павел Михайлов Чернев) (10 July 1969 – 19 March 2016) was a Bulgarian politician and lawyer. He was also one of the MPs who opposed the Independence of Kosovo.

## Biography

Born in Sofia, Chernev graduated from the juridical faculty of Sofia University and was a practicing attorney. In his younger years, he focused on a number of sports such as wrestling and karate, which also taking up security-related jobs. In the summer of 1990, Chernev was a participant in the student pro-democracy protests and occupations.
Chernev was formerly a member of the Attack and was widely regarded as Volen Siderov's right-hand man. During his time with Ataka, Chernev was among the members who played a role in steering the party away from radical nationalists and activists with admiration for Neo-Nazi ideas. Chernev parted ways with the party in 2006 following the development of a conflict of interest with the party leader in the aftermath of his and Siderov's controversial involvement in a traffic dispute with another driver.
He took part in the October 2007 Sofia municipal elections and finished in 10th place out of 41 candidates.
In 2010, Chernev appeared in the Bulgarian comedy film Mission London together with Yulian Vergov, a childhood friend. In his capacity as an actor, he is usually typecast in tough guy or villainous roles.
In 2011, he was a candidate to become President of Bulgaria as a member of the Party for the People of the Nation (Bulgarian: Партия за Хората от Народа), receiving 0.24% of the votes cast. He was also the leader of the Bulgarian section of Stop Islamisation of Europe (SIOE), and held speeches at international counter-jihad conferences.
In 2013, Chernev participated in the Bulgarian version of VIP Brother.
Chernev is opposed to the membership of Bulgaria in the European Union and has called for the holding of a referendum on the matter. His views have been characterized by political scientists such as Ognyan Minchev as uncompromisingly pro-Russian.
During the annexation of Crimea by the Russian Federation, Chernev was one of the Orthodox Dawn (Bulgarian: Православна Зора, Pravoslavna Zora) members who helped recruit and organize a small number of Bulgarian volunteers who travelled to Crimea in order to support the Russian operations. He also served as an election observer for the 2014 referendum in Crimea.
In August 2014, Chernev was admitted as a member of the newly formed Patriotic Front, with his Freedom Party (Bulgarian: партия "Свобода", partiya "Svoboda") also becoming part of the electoral alliance. However, the Freedom Party withdrew its support for the Patriotic Front in May 2015.
On the 19 March 2016, Pavel died after a pulmonary embolism in Sofia, Bulgaria.
# Duke of Atrisco

Duke of Atrisco (Spanish: Duque de Atrisco) is a hereditary title in the Peerage of Spain, accompanied by the dignity of Grandee and granted in 1708 by Philip V to José Sarmiento de Valladares, for his services as viceroy of New Spain.
The 1st Duke married the 3rd Countess of Moctezuma, granddaughter of Pedro Tesifón de Moctezuma, who in turn was a great-grandson of Moctezuma II, so, in this way, the Dukes of Atrisco were relatives of the Aztec emperor.
The name makes reference to the city of Atlixco, one of the three existing lordships in New Spain in 1708.

## Dukes of Atrisco (1708)

* José Sarmiento de Valladares y Arines, 1st Duke of Atrisco
* Melchora Juana Sarmiento de Valladares y Moctezuma, 2nd Duchess of Atrisco
* Bernarda Dominga Sarmiento de Valladares y Guzmán, 3rd Duchess of Atrisco
* Ana Nicolasa de Guzmán y Córdoba, 4th Duchess of Atrisco
* Ventura Osorio de Moscoso y Fernández de Córdoba, 5th Duke of Atrisco
* Vicente Joaquín Osorio de Moscoso y Guzmán, 6th Duke of Atrisco
* Vicente Isabel Osorio de Moscoso y Álvarez de Toledo, 7th Duke of Atrisco
* Vicente Pío Osorio de Moscoso y Ponce de León, 8th Duke of Atrisco
* María Cristina Osorio de Moscoso y Borbón, 9th Duchess of Atrisco
* Pedro de Alcántara de Bauffremont y Osorio de Moscoso, 10th Duke of Atrisco
* Leopoldo Barón y Osorio de Moscoso, 11th Duke of Atrisco
* Gonzalo Barón y Gavito, 12th Duke of Atrisco
* Adelaida Barón y Carral, 13th Duchess of Atrisco