OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Grassendale

Grassendale is a suburb of Liverpool, Merseyside, England. It is in the south of the city, bordered by Aigburth, Garston and Mossley Hill.

## History

The hamlet of Grassendale was acquired by Robert de Blackburn, the lord of the manor of Garston, from Richard de Toxteth in the 14th century. In the 19th century it developed as a residential suburb. Grassendale was made into an ecclesiastical parish in 1855 following the opening of St Mary's Church in August 1853. Grassendale was recorded as a site with Catholic landowners in 1717. The Roman Catholic church of St. Austin, served by the English Benedictines, opened in 1838.

## Description

Grassendale is an almost entirely residential suburb which consists of large, detached 19th century villas. The area is particularly green, and houses are commonly set well back from the road. This district retains classic-style streetlamps.
   Among the residences, is Grassendale House, with 20 acres of land, the property of George Hargreaves, Esq., who is also owner of Beach Lawn, occupied by W.J. Marrow, Esq.; and at Grassendale is the villa of J. Grant Morris, Esq.
Grassendale Park and Cressington Park were designated as conservation areas on 13 November 1968. The ward, which contains both parks and the housing, is called Cressington. Otterspool Promenade is located nearby and runs along the bank of the River Mersey from just north of Garston Docks to Otterspool Park.

## Transport

Cressington railway station is located in the centre of the district, providing Northern Line (Merseyrail) services to Liverpool and Southport.
# Jainism in Australia

The history of Jainism in Australia is relatively short when compared to the history of Christianity on the same continent. There are four Jain centres in Australia. The Jain population in Australia was counted in the 2016 census to be 4,047, of whom 38% lived in Greater Sydney, 31% in Greater Melbourne, and 15% in Greater Perth. The states and territories with the highest proportion of Jains are Western Australia (0.025%) and Victoria (0.022%), whereas those with the lowest are Queensland (0.006%) and Tasmania (0.001%). As per the latest census (2021), the Jain population in Australia is 5,851, which is a 44.5% increase between 2016-2021.

## History

The Jain community established itself in Australia through immigration. A Jain society has been formed in Sydney.
Exodus of Asians from Uganda in 1972 due to Idi Amin's policies, forced some Jains to migrate elsewhere, like Australia.

## Jain Centres

Jain centres and/or societies have been established in Sydney, Perth, Brisbane, Canberra, Adelaide, and Melbourne. Most of the centres practice Jain unity by making sure every Jain sect comes and prays together. The first two Jain Tirthankars in Australia were established in Hindu temples in Sydney and in Canberra. First Jain association in Australia was formed in Sydney and named Sydney Jain Mandal. Another Jain association in Sydney is known as Vitraag Jain Shwetambar Sangh There is also a community-driven centre — AAJ (meaning 'Today' in Hindi) that serves Jain community in Australia.
# Cața

Cața (German: Katzendorf; Hungarian: Kaca) is a commune in Brașov County, Transylvania, Romania. It is composed of five villages: Beia (Meeburg; Homoródbene), Cața, Drăușeni (Draas; Homoróddaróc), Ionești (Eisdorf; Homoródjánosfalva), and Paloș (Königsdorf; Pálos).
The commune is located in the northernmost part of the county, on the border with Harghita and Mureș counties. Cața village—the administrative center of the commune—is 69 km (43 mi) northwest of Brașov (the county seat) and 36 km (22 mi) south of Odorheiu Secuiesc.
At the 2011 census, Cața had 2,463 inhabitants; of those, 44.9% were Romanians, 30.9% Hungarians, and 23.4% Roma. At the 2021 census, the commune had a population of 2,571, of which 42.75% were Romanians, 32.59% Roma, and 18.79% Hungarians.
There are three fortified churches in the commune, at Cața, Beia, and Drăușeni.
The famous Caru' cu Bere restaurant in Bucharest was originally opened as a brewery in 1879 by Ioan Căbășan and his nephews, Ion, Gheorghe, and Nicolae Mircea, all coming from Cața.

## Gallery

* Evangelical Lutheran fortified Transylvanian Saxon church of Cața
* Evangelical Lutheran fortified Transylvanian Saxon church of Drăușeni
* The plan of the Evangelical Lutheran Transylvanian Saxon fortified church in Cața
* The plan of the Evangelical Lutheran Transylvanian Saxon fortified church in Drăușeni
# Pułtusk Academy of Humanities

Aleksander Gieysztor Academy of Humanities also known as Pułtusk Academy of Humanities in Pułtusk, Poland, (Polish: Akademia Humanistyczna im. A. Gieysztora or Wyższa Szkoła Humanistyczna im. Aleksandra Gieysztora w Pułtusku) was established by the Ministry of National Education of the Republic of Poland on 14 July 1994. The School runs graduate degree programs as well as undergraduate level courses of study. The Rector of the Academy is Prof. Dr. Adam Waldemar Koseski.
It was named after its founder, Aleksander Gieysztor.

## Faculties

* Faculty of Administration (at 17 Daszyńskiego St.)
* Faculty of Polish Language and Literature (at 36B Mickiewicza St.)
* Faculty of History (at 36B Mickiewicza St.)
* Faculty of Political Science (at 7 Spacerowa St.)
* Faculty of Education Studies (at 36B Mickiewicza St.)
* Faculty of Sociology (at 8A Kraszewskiego St.)
* Faculty of Tourism, Hotel Management, and Environmental Promotion (at 17 Stycznia St.)

### Also

* Institute of Anthropology and Archaeology (at 1/3, Polonii Ave.)
* Institute for Studies on the Napoleonic Era (at 17 Daszyńskiego St.)
* Bureau for Regional and International Cooperation (at 17 Daszyńskiego St.)
* Foreign Languages Teaching Center (at 17 Daszyńskiego St.)
* Central Library (at 36C Mickiewicza St.)
# Korean language education in Russia

Korean language education in Russia includes learning at Russian colleges and universities, schools, and institutions.
As of 2018, Korean is the third most popular foreign language in Russia. Russia has the fourth largest number of university-level Korean language and Korean studies classes and programs.

## History

Russia was the first European country to teach the Korean language at the university level. In 1897, St. Petersburg State University established a Korean language program.
In the 2010s, the number of universities adding Korean language classes increased as interest in Korean increased due to the Korean Wave.

## Current status

According to the Korea Foundation statistics, Russia offers the world's fourth-largest number of Korean language classes.
Moscow University established a Korean language major in 2021. The university offers various courses such as 'Korean Teaching Method,' 'Culture of Korean Technological Development,' and 'Korean Geography.'
# Lake Brienz

Lake Brienz (German: Brienzersee) is a lake just north of the Alps, in the canton of Bern in Switzerland. It has a length of about 14 kilometres (8.7 mi), a width of 2.8 kilometres (1.7 mi) and a maximum depth of 260 metres (850 ft). Its area is 29.8 square kilometres (11.5 sq mi); the surface is 564 metres (1,850 ft) above the sea-level. It is fed, among others, by the upper reaches of the Aare at its eastern end, the Giessbach at its southern shore from steep, forested and rocky hills of the high Faulhorn and Schwarzhoren more than 2,000 metres (6,600 ft) above the lake, as well as by both headwaters of the Lütschine, the Schwarze Lütschine (Black Lütschine) flowing from Grindelwald, and the Weisse Lütschine (White Lütschine) from the Lauterbrunnen Valley, at its southwestern corner. Not far north from Lütschine's inflow, the lake drains into a further stretch of the Aare at its western end. The culminating point of the lake's drainage basin is the Finsteraarhorn at 4,274 metres above sea level.
The village of Brienz, from which the lake takes its name, lies on the northern shore to its eastern end. In the west, the lake is terminated by the Bödeli, a tongue of land that separates it from neighbouring Lake Thun. The village of Bönigen occupies the lake frontage of the Bödeli, whilst the larger resort town of Interlaken lies on the reach of the Aare between the two lakes. The village of Iseltwald lies on the south shore, whilst the villages of Ringgenberg, Niederried and Oberried are on the north shore.
The lake is poor in nutrients, and thus fishing is not very important. Nevertheless, in 2001 10,000 kg of fish were caught.
There have been passenger ships on the lake since 1839, and currently there are five passenger ships on the lake. The ships are operated by BLS AG, the local railway company, and link Interlaken Ost railway station, which they access using a 1.3-kilometre (0.81 mi) long navigable stretch of the Aare, with Brienz and other lakeside settlements. The ships also connect to the Giessbachbahn, a funicular which climbs up to the famous Giessbach Falls.
The Brünig railway line follows the northern shore of the lake, along with a local road, whilst the A8 motorway adopts an alternative and mostly tunnelled route above the southern shore.
# Serghei Marcoci

Sergey Markoch (Serghei Marcoci, born 13 January 1963) is a Moldovan-Russian former water polo player who competed in the 1988 Summer Olympics and in the 1992 Summer Olympics.
# Moctezuma (album)

Moctezuma is the second studio album by Mexican indie rock band Porter. The album's name means "lord of lords" in the Nahuatl language while the songs tell the story of Spaniards arriving to Mexico and the fall of the Aztec Empire and the Mexica people.
This is the band's first album with vocalist David Velasco and the last with drummer Juan Pablo Vázquez.

## Background and release

Porter's debut studio album, Atemahawke, was released in May 2007. The album received positive reviews and became popular due to the single "Host of a Ghost". The group performed the song at the 2008 Coachella Festival with Natalia Lafourcade. Shortly after the Coachella performance, the band went on hiatus and disbanded as vocalist Juan Son started a solo career while the other members focused on finishing their education. The band announced they would be reforming when the lineup for the 2013 Vive Latino music festival was released. The band reformed with vocalist David Velasco, with Juan Son not performing with the reunited lineup for unknown reasons.
Four music videos were released to promote the album: "Palapa", "Huitzil", "Rincón Yucateco" and "La China". The narrative of the videos center around the lyrics and themes of the album.

## Reception

Moctezuma was placed at number 10 on Rolling Stone's 10 Best Latin Albums of 2015.

## Track listing

All tracks are written by Porter

## Personnel
### Porter

* David Velasco – vocals
* Victor Valverde – guitar, synthesizer, piano
* Fernando de la Huerta – guitar
* Diego Rangel – bass, synthesizer
* Juan Pablo Vázquez – drums

### Additional

* Produced by Didi Gutman and Hector Castillo
* Artwork by Christopher Houweling
# Lukovit Treasure

The Lukovit Treasure (Bulgarian: Луковитско съкровище) is a silver Thracian treasure. It was discovered in 1953 near the town of Lukovit, Lovech Province, northwestern Bulgaria.

## Description

It consists of two groups of objects: plates, applications for horse bridles and vessels, 9 phiales, 3 ewers and a bowl.
The objects are made of silver, some of them gilded in order to reinforce the artistic images and to put emphasis on the ornaments. Phiales and the bowl are richly adorned with ornaments, depicting floral shapes, human heads and other artistic elements. On the applications various animals are portrayed – lion, gryphon, dog, stag and others.
There are also depictions of equestrians, typical of Thracian art. On two of the plates there is a lion jumping on a deer, kneeling under the weight of the beast. Another plate depicts two horsemen chasing lions, which are already overtaken and fallen under the hoofs of the horses. These scenes in the Thracian art bear a certain social meaning. They are connected to glorifying the royal power. The rulers and their companies did spread by all possible means the legends for their exceptional divine origin and even by the trimming of the horse bridles made the common subjects to have faith and to obey.
The Lukovit Treasure is dated from 4th century BC and was made by different craftsmen. It was most probably buried in the ground during Alexander the Great's invasion of the north-western Thracian lands.
# Saint-Barthélemy-le-Plain

Saint-Barthélemy-le-Plain (French pronunciation:; Occitan: Sant Bertomieu de Plan) is a commune in the Ardèche department in southern France.
# Afzal, Iran

Afzal (Persian: افضل, also Romanized as Afẕal) is a village in Kandovan Rural District, Kandovan District, Meyaneh County, East Azerbaijan Province, Iran. In the 2006 census, its population was 93, in 20 families.
# Cerna, Croatia

Cerna (German: Asorn) is a village and a municipality in eastern Croatia.

## Geography

It is located half-way between the cities of Vinkovci and Županja. It is located on four rivers, Biđ, Bosut, Berava, Bitulja, Krajc channel and Kaluđer channel.

## Population

According to 2021 Croatian census it has 3,722 inhabitants in 2 settlements:
* Cerna - 3,027
* Šiškovci - 695
98.96% of the citizens are Croats.

## History

One Scordisci archaeological site in Cerna dating back to late La Tène culture was excavated in the 1970s and 1980s as a part of rescue excavations in eastern Croatia. Archaeological site was a part of the settlement network of Scordisci in the area of Vinkovci.
# Zarubino, Primorsky Krai

Zarubino (Russian: Зару́бино) is an urban locality (an urban-type settlement) in Khasansky District of Primorsky Krai, Russia and a port on the Posyet Bay. Population: 3,101 (2010 Census); 3,522 (2002 Census); 5,306 (1989 Soviet census).

## History

It was established on October 18, 1928.

## Transportation

The Port of Zarubino serves the settlement. In September 2014 a joint Chinese-Russian plan was announce to expand its capacity to 60 million tonnes per year which would make it one of the largest ports in north Asia. There is a ferry across the gulf to Sokcho.
A railway line from the port connects to railway lines running north to Vladivostok, west to Jilin Province in China and south to Rajin in North Korea via Khasan, respectively.
# Laraesima hispida

Laraesima hispida is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Thomson in 1868. It is known from Brazil.
# Durfort-et-Saint-Martin-de-Sossenac

Durfort-et-Saint-Martin-de-Sossenac (French pronunciation:; Occitan: Durfòrt e Sent Martin de Sossenac) is a commune in the Gard department in southern France.
# Demister (vapor)

A demister is a device often fitted to vapor–liquid separator vessels to enhance the removal of liquid droplets entrained in a vapor stream. Demisters may be a mesh-type coalescer, vane pack or other structure intended to aggregate the mist into droplets that are heavy enough to separate from the vapor stream.
Demisters can reduce the residence time required to separate a given liquid droplet size by reducing the volume and associated cost of separator equipment. Demisters are often used where vapor quality is important in regard to entrained liquids, particularly where separator equipment costs are high (e.g., high-pressure systems) or where space or weight savings are advantageous.
For example, in the process of brine desalination on marine vessels, brine is flash-heated into vapor. In flashing, vapor carries over droplets of brine, which have to be separated before condensing, otherwise the distillate vapor would be contaminated with salt. This is the role of the demister. Demisted vapor condenses on tubes in the desalination plant, and product water is collected in the distillate tray.
# Centre for Eastern Studies

The Centre for Eastern Studies (Polish: Ośrodek Studiów Wschodnich, OSW) is a Warsaw-based think tank that undertakes independent research on the political, economic and social situation in Central and Eastern Europe, Balkans, Caucasus and Central Asia.
The centre was founded in 1990 and is fully financed from the Polish state budget. In 2006 the centre was named in honour of its founder Marek Karp [pl].
The OSW is the largest of the European Union’s think tanks to focus its research on the part of Europe which until 1989 had been separated from the West by the Iron Curtain.
The centre is particularly active in debates concerning the European Union's policy towards its Eastern neighbours (European Neighbourhood Policy, Eastern Partnership), challenges to energy security in Europe, as well as the political, social and economic transformation of countries neighbouring Poland.

## Staff and work groups

The OSW employs over 50 research fellows.
The centre's director is Wojciech Konończuk.
There are five research units and a few single specialists (in energy policy and military aspects of international security):
* Russian Department
* Department of Ukraine, Belarus and Moldova
* Department of Turkey, the Caucasus and Central Asia
* Central Europe Department
* Department for Germany and Northern Europe

## Publications

Most of the OSW publications are available free of charge at the centre's web site, both in Polish and English (including "Policy Briefs", "OSW Studies" and "OSW Report").
# Šilainėliai

Šilainėliai (formerly Russian: Шилайнели, Polish: Szyłajnele) is a village in Kėdainiai district municipality, in Kaunas County, in central Lithuania. According to the 2011 census, the village had a population of 7 people. It is located 1 kilometre (0.62 mi) from Nociūnai, alongside the A8 highway, by the Šerkšnys river, next to the Želksnys forest and the "Lifosa" phosphogypsum dump site.
It was a selsovet center till the 1954. It was a linear settlement.

## Demography

| Year | Pop. | ±% p.a. |
| 1902 | 161 | — |
| 1923 | 168 | +0.20% |
| 1959 | 149 | −0.33% |
| 1970 | 132 | −1.10% |
| Year | Pop. | ±% p.a. |
| 1979 | 37 | −13.18% |
| 1989 | 9 | −13.18% |
| 2001 | 6 | −3.32% |
| 2011 | 7 | +1.55% |
Source: 1902, 1923, 1959 & 1970, 1979, 1989, 2001, 2011 :
# Dorogobuzhsky District

Dorogobuzhsky District (Russian: Дорогобу́жский райо́н) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the twenty-five in Smolensk Oblast, Russia. It is located in the center of the oblast. The area of the district is 1,771.99 square kilometers (684.17 sq mi). Its administrative center is the town of Dorogobuzh. Population: 29,077 (2010 Census); 32,672 (2002 Census); 36,016 (1989 Soviet census). The population of Dorogobuzh accounts for 36.9% of the district's total population.

## Sights

The 18th-century estate of Aleksino used to be reputed for its stud-farm of Orlov stallions. The Boldin Monastery, dating from the 15th century, was renovated by the Godunov family in the late 16th century. The Godunovs commissioned a five-domed cathedral, a tented refectory, and a pillar-like bell-tower to be built there. According to Pyotr Baranovsky, the abbey represented the best-preserved 16th-century monastery complex in Eastern Europe. It was blown up by the retreating Germans in 1943 but was partly rebuilt in the 1990s.
# Central Beskidian Piedmont

The Central Beskidian Piedmont (Polish: Pogórze Środkowobeskidzkie) is a geographical region in southeastern Poland. It lies north of the Central Beskids, and belongs to the Outer Eastern Carpathians, representing the northernmost region of the Carpathians.

## Subdivision

The Central Beskidian Piedmont consists of:
* Rożnów Piedmont (PL: Pogórze Rożnowskie)
* Ciężkowice Piedmont (PL: Pogórze Ciężkowickie)
* Strzyżów Piedmont (PL: Pogórze Strzyżowskie)
* Dynów Piedmont (PL: Pogórze Dynowskie)
* Przemyśl Piedmont (PL: Pogórze Przemyskie)
* Gorlice Depression (PL: Obniżenie Gorlickie)
* Jasło-Krosno Basin (PL: Kotlina Jasielsko-Krośnieńska)
* Jasło Piedmont (PL: Pogórze Jasielskie)
* Bukowsko Piedmont (PL: Pogórze Bukowskie)
# Nikos Gounaris

Nikos Gounaris (Greek: Νίκος Γούναρης; Zagora, 1915 – 5 May 1965 in Athens) was a Greek tenor who was enormously popular as a "pop" singer in the 1950s.

## Biography

Gounaris began playing the mandolin at the age of four. He attended the musical Conservatory of Music in Athens.
Gounaris was a Greek elafró singer and among the foremost Greek composers and musicians of the 1950s and 1960s. He was especially popular in the Greek community in America. A great deal of his entertainment was at two Greek resorts in the Catskills in upstate NY, the Sunset and the Monte Carlo. He mainly sang about the sad side of love, and betrayed lovers.
Hit songs included "Ena vradi pou 'vrehe," "Glikia mou matia agapimena," and "Omorfi Athina".
He composed about 400 songs and played with the Trio Bel Canto during the 1960s. He was often called Mr. Greece.
He died on May 5, 1965, of cancer.

## Famous songs

* Αγάπη μου όμορφη - My beautiful love
* Από τότε, την Άνοιξη - Since then, in Springtime
* Αυτός ο άλλος - That other man
* Γλυκά μου μάτια αγαπημένα - My sweet, beloved eyes
* Είναι αργά πια τώρα να χωρίσουμε - It's too late for us to split up
* Εκεί ψηλά στον Άη-Λια - On top of St Elias' hill
* Ένα βράδυ που 'βρεχε - On a rainy night
* Θυμήσου - Remember!
* Κάϊρο - Cairo
* Ο Βεδουίνος - The Bedouin
* Ο κόσμος άλλαξε αλλάξαν οι καιροί - People changed, times changed
* Όμορφη μου Αθήνα - Beautiful Athens
* Που 'ν' αυτά τα μάτια; - Where are those eyes?
* Σκαλί θα κατεβώ - I'll descend the steps
* Σε είδα να κλαδεύεις - I saw you trimming the tree
* Πέντε χρόνια περάσανε - Five years have passed
* Τώρα που σε γνώρισα - Now that I met you

## In Media

His song; Pame Sta Bouzoukia is featured in a custom map on the MMOFPS Counter-Strike titled de_plaka.

## Discography

* Ihografisis Stis Ipa 1958-1960
* Asteria Tou Ellinikou Tragoudiou - Gounaris
* Axehasti Epohi - Nikos Gounaris
* Ta Petalakia
* Ta Oreotera Mou Tragoudia No2
* Ta Oreotera Mou Tragoudia
* I Ellada Tou Gounari
* Back cover of LP - "Nikos Gounaris and the Trio Belcanto" (Hampshire records)
# Kopanets

Kopanets (Russian: Копанец) is a rural locality (a khutor) in Alexeyevsky District, Belgorod Oblast, Russia. The population was 190 as of 2010. There are 3 streets.

## Geography

Kopanets is located 25 km southeast of Alexeyevka (the district's administrative centre) by road. Shkuropatov is the nearest rural locality.
# Kir-Tlyavli

Kir-Tlyavli (Russian: Кир-Тлявли; Bashkir: Ҡыр-Теләүле, Qır-Teläwle) is a rural locality (a selo) in Bazgiyevsky Selsoviet, Sharansky District, Bashkortostan, Russia. The population was 190 as of 2010. There is 1 street.

## Geography

Kir-Tlyavli is located 21 km southeast of Sharan (the district's administrative centre) by road. Starye Tlyavli is the nearest rural locality.
# Kosmas, Greece

Kosmas (Greek: Κοσμάς) is a mountain village and a former community in Arcadia, Peloponnese, Greece. It is considered a traditional settlement. Since the 2011 local government reform it is part of the municipality South Kynouria, of which it is a municipal unit. The municipal unit has an area of 85.220 km$^2$. Kosmas is situated in the southeastern part of the Parnon mountains, at about 1150 m elevation, on the road from Skala (Laconia) to Leonidio. It is 13 km southwest of Leonidio, 28 km east of Sparti, 28 km northeast of Skala, 35 km south of Argos and 57 km southeast of Tripoli. Kosmas has a school, a church and a library.

## Population

| Year | Population |
| 1981 | 594 |
| 1991 | 657 |
| 2001 | 591 |
| 2011 | 362 |
| 2021 | 253 |

## History

In the area which is now known as Kosmas was the ancient city of Selinous, which had a temple of Apollo. Kosmas was first mentioned in 1592 in a letter of Gennadios, metropolitan of Monemvasia. Many inhabitants of Kosmas participated in the Greek War of Independence. The village suffered destruction during World War II and the Greek Civil War (1946-1949).