OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Heybat-e Sofla

Heybat-e Sofla (Persian: هيبت سفلي, also Romanized as Heybat-e Soflá; also known as Heybat-e Pā’īn) is a village in Angut-e Gharbi Rural District, Anguti District, Germi County, Ardabil Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 33, in 8 families.
# Safed Baradari

The Safed Baradari (Hindi: सफ़ेद बारादरी, Urdu: سفید بارادری) (literally 'white palace'), is a white marbled building in Lucknow Uttar Pradesh, India.

## History

It was built by Nawab Wajid Ali Shah as a 'palace of mourning' and was named Qasr-ul-Aza. Initial purpose of this building was to be used as an Imambara for observing 'azadaari' (mourning) for the martyrdom of Imam Hussain and his followers at Karbala.
After the annexation of Awadh in 1856, the Baradari was used by the British to hold court for petitions and claims by the officers and nobles of the deposed King's reign and his relatives. Later (around 1923) it was handed over, as a gesture of appreciation for their submission and loyalty to the Queen of the British Empire, to the Taluqadars of Awadh for their 'Anjuman' (association) which was renamed as the British India Association of Oudh. The Baradari continues to be in their possession and control.

## Interior

The main hall of the Baradari has two marble statues of the Maharajas, Man Singh and Digvijay Singh of Balrampur, the founders of the association. The statue of Sir Man Singh was carved by Farmer & Brindley of London, at a cost of £2 000, and was unveiled on 13 August 1902 by Sir James John Digges La Touche, Lieutenant-Governor of the United Provinces of Agra and Oudh.
# Nindowari

Nindowari (Urdu: نندارہ), also known as Nindo Damb, is a Kulli archaeological site, dating back to chalcolithic period, in Kalat District of Balochistan, Pakistan. Archaeological investigation of the site suggests that the Nindowari complex was occupied by the Harappans before the Kulli civilization arrived and that the Kulli culture was related to or possibly derived from the Harappan culture.

## Location

Nindowari is located some 240 kilometres (150 mi) northwest of Karachi, in Ornach Valley in Tehsil Wadh of the Kalat District. It is located on the right bank of the Kud River, a tributary of the Porali River.

## History

Nindowari is a site of the prehistoric Kulli culture of Balochistan with links to the Harappan Civilization. The site, spread over an area of 124 acres and 75 feet (23 m) high, is the largest Kulli complex site discovered so far. The settlement was built on a flat schist bed with a central quadrangular platform which was surrounded by buildings on one side. Mounds of various heights were located in the area. The central mound near the platform rose to a height of 82 feet (25 m) and consisted of large stones and boulders. The summit of the mound was accessed via a staircase from the platform showing this mound was considered a monument. Another mound, called Kulliki-an Damb (Mound of Potteries), was located 590 feet (180 m) south of the main mound. The site offers evidence that Kulli culture might be strongly associated with the Harappan Civilization if not directly derived from it. Artifacts excavated from the site show that the two cultures had close interaction.
The site was probably abandoned due to a major uplift which resulted in cutting off of the water source from the Kud River.

## Excavations

The site was discovered by Beatrice De Cardi in 1957. French Archaeological Mission, led by Jean-Marie Casal, and Department of Archaeology, Pakistan later carried out the Nindowari excavations from 1962 till 1965, uncovering traces of a Kulli settlement dating back to the third millennium BC. These excavations unearthed Kulli-Harappan pottery and vases with animal figures, mostly bulls and birds. Terracotta figurines of women adorned with jewelry with elaborate details were also discovered. Nal ware (old pottery from Indus Civilization) excavated from the site suggested a pre-Kulli occupation and that the Harrapans were settled in the area in early periods (3200 - 2500 BC).

## Status

Nindo Dam is one of the 27 notified Archaeological Sites and Monuments in Balochistan and protected by the Federal Government under the Federal Antiquities Act.
# Canal 1

Canal 1 (English: Channel 1; pronounced "Canal Uno" (Spanish pronunciation:) is a Colombian state-owned television channel. It is owned by the Government of Colombia and managed by Phoenix Media, a private company. From 1957 to 2017, the channel was administered by private programming companies known as programadoras (television production companies; literally, "programmers"), which bid for time slots with the Colombian state.

## History

Canal 1 started broadcasting on 13 June 1954 as Canal Nacional on channel 8 VHF in Bogotá and was operated by the National Radio of Colombia. In 1963, it was operated by Inravisión (Instituto Nacional de Radio y Televisión), the now-former Colombian public broadcaster. Under Inravisión, the channel's frequency was moved from channel 8 to channel 7 VHF in Bogotá.
Until 1966, when private local channel Teletigre was officially launched, Canal Nacional was the only television channel in Colombia.
In 1972, it became the Primera cadena (First Network) since Teletigre was nationalised as Segunda Cadena. In the 1980s it would become Cadena Uno (Network One), and eventually became Canal Uno at the beginning of 1998.
Since July 1998, when Caracol Televisión and RCN Televisión launched their own private television channels, Channel 1's and Canal A's ratings steadily dropped (see below chart). Adding this to the economic recession of the late 1990s the network was suffering, this situation severely affected the remaining programadoras, which gradually either declared bankruptcy or became production companies for Caracol Televisión and RCN Televisión. Channel 1 was less affected than Canal A, which became Canal Institucional, a State-controlled channel, in November 2003. RTI Colombia, the only programadora remaining on Canal A, was moved to Channel 1 and stood there until 2008.
In February 2014, the channel was rebranded with a new logo, a new graphical package, the removal of infomercials and a 24-hour program schedule.
As of 1 May 2017, a quarter of Channel 1's programming is made by the production companies CM&, NTC Televisión, and RTI Televisión, and a fifth by Hemisphere Media Group, the owner of Puerto Rican station WAPA and several pay-TV channels. The four companies form a joint venture company branded as Plural Comunicaciones.
On January 12, 2023, Phoenix Media acquired all the shares of Canal 1 from Plural.

## Historical rating share

| Year | Share | Ranking |
| 1998 | 31.5% | 2 |
| 1999 | 17.0% | 3 |
| 2000 | 10.7% | 3 |
| 2001 | 5.6% | 3 |
| 2002 | 3.8% | 3 |
| 2003 | 3.23% | 3 |
| 2004 | 3.1% | 3 |
| 2005 | 2.3% | 3 |
| 2006 | 2.0% | 3 |
| 2007 | 2.3% | 3 |
| 2008 | 2.1% | 3 |
| 2016 | 4.9% | 5 |
| 2017 | 1.4% | 5 |
Source:
# 1998 in the Netherlands

Events in the year 1998 in the Netherlands.

## Incumbents

* Monarch: Beatrix
* Prime Minister: Wim Kok

## Events

* 6 May – The 1998 Dutch general election
* 4 to 11 October – The 1998 UCI Road World Championships took place in Valkenburg aan de Geul.
* 18 November – The Dutch Far Right Nationalist party Centre Party '86 was banned by the Amsterdam court, becoming one of the first parties banned in the Netherlands.

## Births

* 6 January – Merel Freriks, handball player.
* 23 January Nils Eekhoff, cyclist.
* 4 February – Luna Bijl, fashion model
* 6 February – Ide Schelling, cyclist.
* 13 March – Jay-Roy Grot, footballer
* 18 June – Sarah Nauta, singer and actress
* 8 July – Koen Huntelaar, footballer
* 10 July – Yasmin Wijnaldum, fashion model
* 4 September – Geert Nentjes, darts player
* 3 October
** Pleun Bierbooms, singer
** Katja Stam, beach volleyball player
* 31 October – Hawijch Elders, violinist
* 2 December – Sophie Francis, record producer
* 9 December – Famke Louise, You Tuber
* 30 December – Jutta Leerdam, speed skater

## Deaths

* 1 January – Alfred Lagarde, voice actor (b. 1948)
* 23 January – Violette Cornelius, photographer and resistance fighter (b. 1919)
* 14 February – Gien de Kock, athlete (b. 1908).
* 2 April – Gerrit Jan van Ingen Schenau, biomechanist (b. 1944)
* 22 April – Edward Brongersma, politician (b. 1911)
* 30 April – Jopie Selbach, freestyle swimmer (b. 1918).
* 11 May
** Willy Corsari, Dutch author of detective fiction (b. 1897).
** Hans van Zon, serial killer (b. 1941)
* 27 June – Alfred Kossmann, poet (b. 1922)
* 7 October – Cees de Vreugd, butcher, strongman and powerlifter (b. 1952)
* 6 November – Johfra Bosschart, artist (b. 1919)
* 29 November – Maus Gatsonides, rally driver and inventor (b. 1911)
* 13 December – Willem den Toom, politician (b. 1911)
* 24 December – Daan Kagchelland, sailor (b. 1914).

### Full date missing

* Emmy van Deventer, ceramist (b. 1915)
* Aat de Peijper, industrialist and philatelist
* Pi Vèriss, songwriter and composer (b. 1916)
# Baqiabad, Yazd

Baqiabad (Persian: باقي اباد, romanized: Bāqīābād; also known as Baghi Abad) is a village in Shirkuh Rural District, in the Central District of Taft County, Yazd Province, Iran. In 2006 census, its population was 108, in 37 families.
# 2005 in the Netherlands

This article lists some of the events that took place in the Netherlands in 2005.

## Incumbents

* Monarch: Beatrix
* Prime Minister: Jan Peter Balkenende

## Events
### January

* 1 January - New Year's celebrations all over the Netherlands fall silent for two minutes as mark of respect for Dutch memorial service for those affected by the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami.

### April

* 8: A referendum is held in Curaçao on independence vs. integration with The Netherlands.

### May

* 31: A storage tank explodes in Warffum, Groningen killing 2 men and severely injuring another.

### June

* 1: The Dutch electorate reject in a referendum the Constitutional Treaty for Europe.
* 28: The stockholders of Koninklijke Olie and Shell agree to a complete merger. The new enterprise is called Royal Dutch Shell, is designed after English law and has her headquarters in The Hague.

### August

* 13: Talpa begins with the broadcasting of TV programs

### September

* 11: Dennis van der Geest becomes world champion judo in Cairo judo in the open division.
* 13: The Public Ministry confesses in having made great mistakes in their Schiedamse park murder investigation.

### October

* 27: Eleven soon to be deported asylum seekers die in a fire at the Schiphol-East detention center.

### November

* 2: John Mieremet is assassinated in Thailand and Kees Houtman a real estate agent related to the criminal underworld is also assassinated in Amsterdam
* 14: Domino Day 2005 sparrow - A house sparrow, Passer domesticus, was shot and killed during preparations for Domino Day 2005.
* 15: Political activist, publicist and journalist Louis Sévèke is shot and killed in the center of Nijmegen.
* 25: Severe weather creates the longest evening peak traffic jam in The Netherlands ever: there is 802 kilometer traffic jam at 18.00 o'clock. Only at 05.20 o'clock, the next morning, all traffic jams are resolved. Hundreds of travelers (also by train) spend the night in shelters.

### December

* 5: Start of the trail against the members of the Hofstad Network.

## Sport

* 2004–05 Eredivisie
* 2004–05 Eerste Divisie
* 2004–05 KNVB Cup
* 2005 Johan Cruijff Schaal
* Haile Gebrselassie wins the Amsterdam Marathon

## Births

* 26 June – Princess Alexia of the Netherlands
* 15 September – Ryan Kirkil, Malaysian footballer
* 2 October – Diego van Oorschot, Malaysian footballer
# The Passionate Demons

The Passionate Demons (Norwegian: Line) is a 1961 Norwegian drama film directed by Nils Reinhardt Christensen. It was entered into the 1961 Cannes Film Festival.

## Cast

* Margarete Robsahm - Line
* Toralv Maurstad - Jacob
* Henki Kolstad - Gabriel Sand
* Sissel Juul - Hanne
* Elisabeth Bang - Jacob's Sister
* Rønnaug Alten - Jacob's Mother
* Truuk Doyer - A Passionate Demon
* Rolf Søder - Benna
* Rolf Christensen - Jacob's Father
* Atle Merton - Laffen
* Per Lillo-Stenberg - Jeno
* Ragnhild Hjorthoy - Ellen
* Per Christensen - Putte
* Odd Borg - Kalle
* Ulf Wengård - Pål
* Frithjof Fearnley - Line's father
* Wenche Medbøe - Veslemøy
* Olava Øverland - A passenger
# 2016 in the Netherlands

This article lists some of the events from 2016 related to the Netherlands.

## Incumbents

* Monarch: Willem-Alexander
* Prime Minister: Mark Rutte (VVD)
* Speaker of the House of Representatives: Khadija Arib (PvdA)
* President of the Senate: Ankie Broekers-Knol (VVD)

## Events

* 13 January: 2016 Speaker of the House of Representatives election won by Khadija Arib
* 29 January: the Netherlands join the American-led intervention in the Syrian Civil War
* February: plastic contaminates chocolate manufactured at a Mars Nederland factory in Veghel
* 23 February: Dalfsen train crash, one dead
* 1 March: official inauguration of the new seat of the Supreme Court of the Netherlands in The Hague
* 28 March: special forces raid an apartment in Rotterdam and arrest four men suspected of plotting a terrorist attack
* 6 April: 2016 Dutch Ukraine–European Union Association Agreement referendum
* 12 April: Amsterdam Airport Schiphol is partially evacuated after a Polish drunk man indicated he was a terrorist
* 18 April: René Paas is appointed to be the King's Commissioner of Groningen
* 8 May: PSV Eindhoven wins the 2015–16 Eredivisie
* 15 May: Max Verstappen becomes the first Dutch F1-winner ever during the Spanish Grand Prix, after the crash of Lewis Hamilton and Nico Rosberg
* 6–10 July: the 2016 European Athletics Championships is held in Amsterdam
* 27 July: death of former Prime Minister Piet de Jong
* 26 August: opening of the Utrecht Vaartsche Rijn railway station
* 13 September: John Jorritsma takes over as Mayor of Eindhoven
* 22 September: Thierry Baudet founds the Forum for Democracy political party
* 19–23 October: Amsterdam Dance Event, Dutch DJ Martin Garrix wins DJ Mag's Top 100 first place
* 28 November–8 December: 2016 Labour Party leadership election won by Lodewijk Asscher
* 9 December: MP and Party for Freedom Leader Geert Wilders is found guilty of inciting racial discrimination
* 14 December: Sylvana Simons founds the political party Artikel 1

## Deaths

* 13 December – Hebe Charlotte Kohlbrugge, theologian (born 1914)
# Belogorka

50°21′50″N 57°38′21″E﻿ / ﻿50.36389°N 57.63917°E﻿ / 50.36389; 57.63917
Belogorka, also known as Belogorskiy, (Kazakh: Белогор, Belogor, بەلوگور; Russian: Белогорка, Belogorka) is a town in Aktobe Region, west Kazakhstan. It lies at an altitude of 340 m (1,120 ft).
# Stanislav Menshikov

Stanislav Mikhaĭlovich Menʹshikov (Russian: Станисла́в Миха́йлович Ме́ньшиков; 12 May 1927, in Moscow – 13 November 2014, in Amsterdam), was a Russian economist and former Soviet diplomat. He is the author of numerous publications in Russian and English including The Anatomy of Russian Capitalism, and a chapter in Capitalism, Communism and Coexistence. He was a professor at the Central Economic Mathematical Institute at the Russian Academy of Sciences in Moscow. Menshikov was married to fellow economist Larissa Klimenko-Menshikova.

## Soviet career

He was formerly employed at the Institute of World Economy and International Relations of the Soviet Academy of Sciences during the attempted economic reforms of Nikita Khrushchev. In the late 1970s, Menshikov spent six years on the Secretariat of the United Nations in New York, during which time he was often asked to comment upon the U.S. economy by The New York Times. During the 1980s, he served as a spokesman for the Soviet government on U.S. television.

## Post-Soviet career

Menshikov has published and commented on questions of economic transition. He co-authored Capitalism, Communism and Coexistence with John Kenneth Galbraith and wrote The Anatomy of Russian Capitalism. He has been active with the LaRouche Movement's Schiller Institute and has spoken at their conferences, along with Russian politician and author Sergey Glazyev. The English translation of Menshikov's book, The Anatomy of Russian Capitalism, was published by LaRouche's Executive Intelligence Review. In addition, he took part in panel discussion along with the Dalai Lama, David Bohm and Robert Rauschenberg on the topic of "From Fragmentation to Wholeness" in a video released by the Yale Forum on Religion and Ecology. Menshikov also authored a Russian-language book on the subject of a "compassionate economy" in response to request from the Dalai Lama.
# Prespa Glacier

Prespa Glacier (Bulgarian: ледник Преспа, romanized: lednik Prespa, IPA:) on Rozhen Peninsula, Livingston Island in the South Shetland Islands, Antarctica is situated east-northeast of Tarnovo Ice Piedmont, east of the head of Charity Glacier, southeast of Ruen Icefall and southwest of Macy Glacier. It is bounded to the east by Needle Peak and Ludogorie Peak, to the northwest by St. Cyril Peak and St. Methodius Peak, and to the southwest by Shumen Peak and Yambol Peak, and flows southeastward into Bransfield Strait between Gela Point and Samuel Point. The feature extends 3.5 km in east-west direction and 2.5 km in north-south direction. The glacier is named after Prespa Peak in the Rhodope Mountains, Bulgaria.

## Location

Prespa Glacier is centred at 62°43′36″S 60°12′42″W﻿ / ﻿62.72667°S 60.21167°W﻿ / -62.72667; -60.21167 (British mapping in 1968, and Bulgarian in 2005 and 2009).
# Lycus

Lycus (Lykos, Lycos, Ancient Greek: Λύκος, lit. 'wolf') may refer to:

## Mythology

* Lycus (mythology), the name of numerous people in Greek mythology, including
** Lycus (brother of Nycteus), a ruler of the ancient city of Ancient Thebes
** Lycus (descendant of Lycus), son of Lycus (brother of Nycteus), appearing in Euripides's Heracles
** Lycus, son of Poseidon

## Rivers

* Lycos or Great Zab, a river of Assyria, located in modern-day Turkey and Iraq
* Lycus (river of Bithynia), flows into the Black Sea (Pontus Euxinus) near Heraclea Pontica
* Lycus (river of Cilicia), flows from the Pyramus to the Pinarus
* Lycus, now known as Kouris, in Cyprus that flows into the Mediterranean Sea at Kourion
* Lycus (river of Lydia), a tributary of the Hyllus river
* Lycus (river of Mysia), near Carseae
* Lycus (river of Phoenicia), also known as Nahr al-Kalb, flows into the Mediterranean near Beirut
* Lycus (river of Phrygia), a historical river, a tributary of the Maeander
* Lycus (river of Pontus), modern Kelkit, a river in the Black Sea Region of Turkey and the longest tributary of the Yeşil River
* Platani (river), a river of Sicily, was sometimes also called the Lycus.
* Lycus (river of Constantinople), a stream on the Byzantine peninsula that flowed into the Harbour of Theodosius in Constantinople on the Propontis (now Yenikapı, Istanbul)

## Fictional characters

* Karl Lykos, a Marvel Comics villain also known as Sauron
* Lycus, a DC Comics villain and son of Ares (DC Comics)

## Other uses

* Lycus (beetle), a genus of net-winged beetles
# Rahimabad, Kurdistan

Rahimabad (Persian: رحيم آباد, also Romanized as Raḩīmābād) is a village in Gol Tappeh Rural District, Ziviyeh District, Saqqez County, Kurdistan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 129, in 22 families. The village is populated by Kurds.
# 1848 in New Zealand

"none" is preferred when the title is sufficiently descriptive
The following lists events that happened during 1848 in New Zealand.

## Population

The estimated population of New Zealand at the end of 1848 is 68,300 Māori and 17,166 non-Māori.

## Incumbents
### Regal and viceregal

* Head of State – Queen Victoria
* Governor – Sir George Grey

### Government and law

* Chief Justice — William Martin
* Lieutenant Governor, New Munster — From 28 January, Edward John Eyre
* Lieutenant Governor, New Ulster — From 14 February, George Dean Pitt

## Events

* 23 March: The founding of the city of Dunedin and Otago Province, with the arrival of the John Wickliffe, carrying Scottish settlers, at Port Chalmers.
* 23 June: Government House, in Auckland is burned to the ground by a fire believed to have started in the butler's pantry. Most chattels and Government documents were saved.
* 17 September – The first attempt at photography is made in New Zealand. Lieutenant-Governor Eyre is unsuccessful in his attempt to take a daguerreotype of Eliza Grey, wife of Governor Grey.
* 16 October – A magnitude 7.5 earthquake strikes Marlborough, causing three deaths.
* 13 December – Otago News begins publication. The newspaper publishes fortnightly until closing in 1850.

## Sport
### Cricket

Cricket is played on the present site of The Octagon, Dunedin. A team from Otago challenges Wellington to a match, but the challenge is not accepted.

## Births

* 29 April: David Buick, politician.
* 26 August: Sarah Ann McMurray, woodcarver.
* 2 October: (in India) G. M. Thomson, scientist.

## Deaths

* 17 June: Joseph Burns, murderer.
* 19 September: William Wakefield, founder of Wellington.
* 22 September (in Berbice, British Guiana): Samuel Martin, land claimant, magistrate, journalist and writer.
# 1851 in New Zealand

"none" is preferred when the title is sufficiently descriptive
The following lists events that happened during 1851 in New Zealand.

## Population

The estimated population of New Zealand at the end of 1851 is 64,350 Māori and 26,707 non-Māori.

## Incumbents
### Regal and viceregal

* Head of State – Queen Victoria
* Governor – Sir George Grey

### Government and law

* Chief Justice — William Martin
* Lieutenant Governor, New Munster — Edward John Eyre
* Lieutenant Governor, New Ulster — George Dean Pitt until 8 January. Robert Henry Wynyard from 26 April.

### Main centre leaders

* Mayor of Auckland — Archibald Clark

## Events

* Governor Grey issues a charter creating the Borough of Auckland. Archibald Clark becomes Mayor. (see also 1852)
* 11 January: The Otago Witness begins publication. It publishes fortnightly until August, and then weekly until its demise in 1932.
* 11 January: The Lyttelton Times begins publication. It will change its name to the Christchurch Times in 1929, and continue until 1935.
* 1 November: First national census held in New Zealand, counting European dwellings and population only.
* 24 December: The Governor Wynyard, the first steamer built in New Zealand, is launched at Freemans Bay, Auckland.

### Undated

* Wynyard Pier is the first wharf built on the Auckland waterfront.

## Births

* 31 March: Francis Bell, politician and 20th Prime Minister of New Zealand.
* 11 September: Henry Samuel Fitzherbert, lawyer and politician.

## Deaths

* 8 January: George Dean Pitt, Lieutenant Governor of New Ulster
* 29 January: Wiremu Piti Pomare, tribal leader
* 28 October: Wiremu Hikairo, tribal leader