OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Bydgoszcz events

The Bydgoszcz events (Polish: wypadki bydgoskie) – also referred to as the Bydgoszcz crisis (kryzys bydgoski), or the Bydgoszcz provocation (prowokacja bydgoska) – were a series of events in Poland culminating in the beatings of delegates of the Solidarity movement by the forces called upon by the authorities during the session of the voivodship National Council on 19 March 1981, which was to discuss the running strike in Bydgoszcz.
It was a turning point in the early history of Solidarity. Following the registration of Solidarity by the authorities of Poland in 1980, the farmers were also pushing for creation of a separate trade union, independent from the official system of power. The NSZZ RI Solidarność (Independent Self-Governing Trade Union of Individual Farmers Solidarity, also called Rural Solidarity) was created, but not legalized by the authorities. Because of that, on 16 March 1981 in Bydgoszcz a strike was proclaimed.
This forced the authorities to finally hold the meeting of the Voivodeship National Council, a governing body of the Bydgoszcz Voivodeship. The meeting was attended by several members of Solidarity, among them Jan Rulewski, Mariusz Łabentowicz and Roman Bartoszcze, who were to explain the reasons for the strike. However, the Council decided not to discuss the issue of Rural Solidarity, which made the members of Solidarity protest and they refused to leave the session. The authorities responded by calling in the Citizen's Militia and the ZOMO, who entered the seat of the Council and forcibly removed the delegates of Solidarity.
Even though the authorities had a monopoly on media, the underground press reported the Bydgoszcz events, and the matter became widely publicised in a matter of days. On 24 March, Solidarity decided to go on a nationwide strike to protest the violence against the delegates. The authorities conceded and on 25 March the deputy prime minister Mieczysław F. Rakowski started a conference with the leaders of the Solidarity. This led to the signing of the so-called "Warsaw accord" (porozumienie warszawskie) on 30 March 1981. According to the agreement, Solidarity was allowed to report the Bydgoszcz events on public television (the first such independent news behind the Iron Curtain since the 1940s) and the government pledged to continue the talks on registration of a trade union of farmers.
The events were extensively covered by the publication project "Kryzys Bydgoski 1981", a three-volume edition: a monograph with a DVD with film "14 dni. Prowokacja bydgoska", a collection of documents, and a collection of witness testimonies.
# Hârseni

Hârseni (German: Scharkan; Hungarian: Herszény) is a commune in Brașov County, Transylvania, Romania. It is composed of five villages: Copăcel (Kopacsel), Hârseni, Măliniș (Malinis), Mărgineni (Marginen) and Sebeș (Sebes).
The commune is located in Țara Făgărașului, in the western part of the county, 15 km (9.3 mi) south-east of Făgăraș. It is traversed south to north by the Sebeș River, a left tributary of the Olt River.

## Natives

* Vasile Suciu (1873–1935), Greek-Catholic Metropolitan bishop of the Archdiocese of Făgăraș and Alba Iulia
* David Urs de Margina [ro] (1816–1897), military officer in the Imperial Austrian Army
# Abacaenum

Abacaenum (Ancient Greek: Ἀβάκαινον; Ἀβάκαινα) was an ancient city of Magna Graecia in Sicily, situated about 6.5 km from the north coast, between Tyndaris (modern Tindari) and Mylae (modern Milazzo), and 13 km from the former city.
Remains of the city have been excavated from 2005.

## History

Abacaenum was a city of the Siculi and does not appear to have ever been a Greek colony, though it was influenced by Greek art and civilisation. For this reason it is considered a poleis of Magna Graecia.
Its territory originally included that of Tyndaris, which was separated from it by the elder Dionysius when he founded that city in 395 BC. Dionysius defeated the Carthaginian general Mago in the battle of Abacaenum in 393 BC. From the way in which it is mentioned in the wars of Dionysius, Agathocles, and Hieron, it is clear that it was a place of power and importance: but for a period from the time of Hieron it disappears from history, and no mention is found of it in the Verrine orations of Cicero. Its name is, however, found in Ptolemy, so that it appears to have still continued to exist in his day. Its decline was probably owing to the increasing prosperity of the neighbouring city of Tyndaris. Abacaenum was allied with Agathocles of Syracuse.
There can be little doubt that the ruins visible in the time of Tommaso Fazello, at the foot of the hill on which the modern town of Tripi is situated, were those of Abacaenum. He speaks of fragments of masonry, prostrate columns, and the vestiges of walls, indicating the site of a large city, but which had been destroyed to its foundations.

## Coinage

Abacaenum is famous for its mint and its silver and copper coins that bear the classic symbols of sows, boars and acorns found in museums around the world. The acorns evidently refer to the great forests of oak which still cover the neighbouring mountains and give pasture to large herds of swine.
# Order of the Banner of Labour

The Order of the Banner of Labour (Polish: Order Sztandaru Pracy) was a governmental award in Poland during the 20th-century era of the Polish People's Republic, a former Marxist-Leninist state.
The order was established by the Sejm (a chamber of the Polish parliament) on 2 July 1949. It was given in recognition of "unique achievements for the Nation and the Country". In 1960 the criteria for receiving this award were changed to "special achievements for building socialism in the Polish People's Republic".
The Order was also awarded to institutions and was automatically awarded to miners after 20 years of dedicated labor.
# Balma

Balma (French pronunciation:; Occitan: Balmar) is a commune in the Haute-Garonne department in southwestern France. It is east of Toulouse.
The name of the town comes from the old Provençal word meaning "cave" or "grotto".

## History

Balma was established in 1279 as a fief of the bishopric of Toulouse.

## Population

The inhabitants of the commune are known as Balmanais.
| Year | Pop. | ±% p.a. |
| 1793 | 546 | — |
| 1800 | 544 | −0.05% |
| 1806 | 603 | +1.73% |
| 1821 | 635 | +0.35% |
| 1831 | 790 | +2.21% |
| 1836 | 802 | +0.30% |
| 1841 | 785 | −0.43% |
| 1846 | 863 | +1.91% |
| 1851 | 883 | +0.46% |
| 1856 | 840 | −0.99% |
| 1861 | 835 | −0.12% |
| 1866 | 795 | −0.98% |
| 1872 | 797 | +0.04% |
| 1876 | 877 | +2.42% |
| 1881 | 893 | +0.36% |
| 1886 | 944 | +1.12% |
| 1891 | 916 | −0.60% |
| 1896 | 965 | +1.05% |
| Year | Pop. | ±% p.a. |
| 1901 | 913 | −1.10% |
| 1906 | 909 | −0.09% |
| 1911 | 886 | −0.51% |
| 1921 | 821 | −0.76% |
| 1926 | 868 | +1.12% |
| 1931 | 937 | +1.54% |
| 1936 | 966 | +0.61% |
| 1946 | 1,276 | +2.82% |
| 1954 | 1,724 | +3.83% |
| 1962 | 2,890 | +6.67% |
| 1968 | 4,276 | +6.75% |
| 1975 | 7,127 | +7.57% |
| 1982 | 8,117 | +1.88% |
| 1990 | 9,506 | +1.99% |
| 1999 | 11,944 | +2.57% |
| 2007 | 12,946 | +1.01% |
| 2012 | 14,245 | +1.93% |
| 2017 | 16,568 | +3.07% |
Graphs are unavailable due to technical issues. There is more info on Phabricator and on MediaWiki.org. :
Source: EHESS and INSEE (1968-2017) :

## Sport

Balma is the home of Championnat de France Amateurs club, Balma SC.

## Monument

* Town hall
* Saint-Joseph church
* Saint-Martin-de-Boville church
* Public Library
* War monument
# Shahrak-e Mavi

Shahrak-e Mavi (Persian: شهرك ماوئ, also Romanized as Shahrak-e Māvi) is a village in Seydun-e Jonubi Rural District, Seydun District, Bagh-e Malek County, Khuzestan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 270, in 44 families.
# Zowab

Zowab (Persian: زواب, also Romanized as Zowāb) is a village in Seydun-e Shomali Rural District, Seydun District, Bagh-e Malek County, Khuzestan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 18, in 4 families.
# Novi Pazar, Kardzhali Province

Novi Pazar (Bulgarian: Нови пазар) is a village in Chernoochene Municipality, in Kardzhali Province, in southern-central Bulgaria. It is located 196.941 kilometres (122.373 mi) southeast of Sofia. As of 2007 it had a population of 190 people.
# Beryozovsky District, Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug

Beryozovsky District (Russian: Берёзовский райо́н) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the nine in Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug of Tyumen Oblast, Russia. It is located in the northwest of the autonomous okrug on the left bank of meridional part of the Ob River within the limits of North Sosva altitudes and the east slope of the North and Pre-Polar Ural and borders with the Komi Republic in the west and with Shuryshkarsky District of Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug in the north. The area of the district is 90,000 square kilometers (35,000 sq mi). Its administrative center is the urban locality (an urban-type settlement) of Beryozovo. Population: 25,744 (2010 Census); 27,170 (2002 Census); 28,256 (1989 Soviet census). The population of Beryozovo accounts for 28.3% of the district's total population.

## Geography

The district lies in the basins of the Lesser Ob and the Severnaya Sosva Rivers.

## Climate

The climate of the district is extremely cold, characterized by the way in which weather conditions are able to rapidly change. Average temperatures in January range from −18 to −24 °C (0 to −11 °F). Temperatures are below freezing for seven months of the year—from October to April. Snow lies on the ground for 180 to 200 days—again, from October to the start of May. The warmest month is July, when average temperatures reach +16 to +18 °C (61 to 64 °F). Annual precipitation is 400 to 550 millimeters (16 to 22 in) and the average wind speed is between 5 and 7 meters per second (16 and 23 ft/s).

## Demographics

The population is multiethnic, with prevalence of Russian, Ukrainian, and Tatar ethnicities. The district is a place of dense habitation of the Mansi people (est. 6,117 people). Indigenous (Khanty, Mansi, and Nenets) make up approximately 25% of the district's population.
Ethnic composition (2021):
* Russians – 58.9%
* Mansi – 17.2%
* Khanty – 6.9%
* Komi – 4.2%
* Tatars – 2.5%
* Ukrainians – 2.4%
* Nenets – 2.3%
* Others – 5.6%
# Theory on immigration to Norway

The theory on immigration to Norway (Norwegian: innvandringsteorien) refers to an outdated theory on the origin of the Norwegian people. The theory is mainly associated with Rudolf Keyser, and developed by Peter Andreas Munch. The theory posited that Norway and northern Sweden had been populated by indigenous Norse people from the north, whereas Denmark and southern Sweden had been populated by Gothic peoples from the south. The theory was generally rejected by historians.

## Theory

Following studies in Iceland from 1825 to 1827, Rudolf Keyser was appointed as a docent at the Royal Frederick University in Christiania, Norway in 1828. From the same year he worked with, and held lectures on, his theory on immigration to Norway. This theory was inspired by the works of Gerhard Schøning, who had released Afhandling om de Norskes og endeel andre Nordiske Folkes Oprindelse in 1769, and was first published in 1839 under the name Om Nordmændenes Herkomst og Folke-Slægtskab. In short, his theory stated that Norway as well as northern Sweden had been populated by indigenous people from the north, whereas Denmark and southern Sweden (south of Götaland) had been populated from the south. In other words, Norway was especially influenced by "Norse" people and culture, whereas parts of Sweden and particularly Denmark were influenced by "Gothic" peoples and culture. Norse people had, according to Keyser, drifted south towards Denmark as well, but here they had been mixed with Goths. He later supplemented the theory with a series of lectures in literary studies, printed posthumously, under the name Nordmændenes Videnskabelighed og Literatur i Middelalderen. Here, he stated that Norse literature was not Nordic but Norwegian. Both the Norse and Gothic groups were taken to be Germanic peoples, having migrated from somewhere in the region of Ural and the Volga River.
Peter Andreas Munch was a student of Keyser, and fellow proponent of the theory. He remarked that Gothic people inhabited some of South Norway as well. He too based the theory partly on linguistic traits, and also stated that the two groups had different approaches to liberty versus hierarchy.

## Reaction

The theory was ill-received by many historians, especially those who did not subscribe to any form of Norwegian nationalistic agenda. The Danish historian Christian Molbech dubbed Keyser and Munch's viewpoint as "The Norwegian Historical School".
The theory was also denounced by Norwegian historians. A lecture held by Ludvig Kristensen Daa on a Scandinavian conference in 1868 has been called "the graveside speech for the immigration theory". He released the work Have Germanerne indvandret til Skandinavien fra nord eller syd? in 1869.
# Balranald Football Club

The Balranald Football Club are an Australian football club competing in the Central Murray Football League. The club is based in the town of Balranald in the Riverina region of New South Wales. The club was founded in 1887 and their home ground is called Greenham Park.
An early report of a match between the Balranald Football Club and the Mechanics Institute occurred in 1887. The club, because of its isolation spend a lot of time playing scratch matches amongst themselves. As was the nature of the time the club secretary would write to other clubs in a bid to organise a game of football.
After reforming after the WW2, the club played invitational games against towns outside its district. This continued until 1948 when it entered the Northern Murray Valley Football League that included 3 clubs around Robinvale. Improvement of the road system allowed the club to travel further and safer to other towns.
In 1955 the club was admitted into the Mid Murray FL. In its second year it made the finals and two years later the club won its first final.

## Premierships

* Balranald-Moulamein Football Association
** 1924, 1925
* Kyalite Football Association
** 1930
* Northern Murray Valley FL
** 1948, 1953, 1954
* Mid Murray FL
** 1989, 1990, 1994
* Central Murray FL
** 2006 and 2009

## VFL/AFL Players

Former VFL players that had played for the club include
* Nathan Ablett (AFL Geel)
* Lindsay Gilbee (AFL WBD)
* Jim Jess - Richmond
* Mark Lee - Richmond
* Ron Andrews - Essendon, Collingwood
* Jeff Fehring - Geelong, St Kilda
* David Simpson - Richmond
* Peter Laughlin - Richmond
* Merv Neagle - Essendon, Sydney
# Gola, Nepal

Gola, Nepal is a village development committee in Bardiya District in Lumbini Province of south-western Nepal. At the time of the 1991 Nepal census it had a population of 5,340 and had 694 houses in the town.
# Leiocritus

Leiocritus (Ancient Greek: Λειώκριτος) or Leocritus (Λεώκριτός) was the name of three characters in Greek mythology:
* Leocritus, the Trojan son of Polydamas. He participated in the Trojan War and was killed by Odysseus.
* Leiocritus, son of Arisbas and an Achaean warrior who was killed by Aeneas during the siege of Troy.
* Leiocritus, son of the Evenor and one of the Suitors of Penelope who came from Zacynthus along with other 43 wooers. He was slain by Telemachus.
# Mian Bisheh

Mian Bisheh (Persian: ميان بيشه, also Romanized as Mīān Bīsheh; also known as Men Bīsheh) is a village in Seydun-e Shomali Rural District, Seydun District, Bagh-e Malek County, Khuzestan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 269, in 45 families.
# Norwegian Electricity Industry Association

The Norwegian Electricity Industry Association (Norwegian: Energibedriftenes Landsforening) is an employers' organisation in Norway, organized under the national Confederation of Norwegian Enterprise.
The current CEO is Steinar Bysveen. Chairman of the board is Ola Mørkved Rinnan.
# Beran, Iran

Beran (Persian: بران, also Romanized as Berān; also known as Bīrān) is a village in Baryaji Rural District, in the Central District of Sardasht County, West Azerbaijan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 114, in 22 families.
# DatVietVAC

DatVietVAC (or Dat Viet VAC) is a Vietnamese media, entertainment and technology group. Founded in 1994 by Dinh Ba Thanh, it is described as Vietnam's first and largest media company and launched the first private TV channel in the country. The group operates the major Vietnamese OTT streaming platform VieON.
The headquarter of DatVietVAC is based in Ho Chi Minh City and Hanoi. The group has three divisions: media ownership including TV channels, communications services, and content providers.

## History

In 1994, DatVietVAC was established as Vietnam's inaugural privately owned media and communications agency. It played a significant role by operating the country's first private TV channel.
In 2008, the communications company WPP acquired a 30% stake in DatVietVAC.
In 2012, DatVietVAC launched a joint venture with the Lotte Corporation to broadcast a shopping channel on cable TV in Vietnam.
In 2013, DatVietVAC was selected as a top-25 global growth company by the World Economic Forum.
In 2020, the OTT streaming platform VieON was rolled out in a collaboration with BCG Digital Ventures. The application has around 100 Vietnamese and international TV channels and more than 100,000 hours of movies, combined with features like personalised content or live-streaming and exclusive contents. It is the first Vietnamese solution to watch local and global contents on one platform with dramas, TV shows and Vietnamese, Hollywood, South Korean, or Chinese movies.
# Bali Khalk

Bali Khalk (Persian: بلي خلك, also romanize as Balī Khalḵ) is a village in Seydun-e Jonubi Rural District, Seydun District, Bagh-e Malek County, Khuzestan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 47, in 8 families.
# Olbasa (Pisidia)

Olbasa (Ancient Greek: Ὄλβασα) was a town in the western part of ancient Pisidia between Adada and Zorzela. It later received a Roman colony under the name of Colonia Iulia Augusta.
Its site is located near Belenli, in Burdur Province.
# Sellasia (Laconia)

Sellasia (Ancient Greek: Σελλασία), or Selasia (Σελασία), was a town of ancient Laconia, situated in the valley of the Oenus, on the road leading from Tegea and Argos, and one of the bulwarks of Sparta against an invading army. Its distance from Sparta is nowhere mentioned among the ancient writers; but from the description which Polybius gives of the celebrated battle fought in its neighbourhood (the Battle of Sellasia) between Antigonus III Doson and Cleomenes III in 222 BCE, it is probable that the plain now called Krevatá was the site of the battle. We learn from Polybius that this battle took place in a narrow opening of the vale of the Oenus, between two hills named Evas and Olympus, and that the river Gorgylus flowed across the plain into the Evenus.
From its position Sellasia was always exposed to the attacks of an invading army. On the first invasion of Laconia by the Thebans in 369 BCE, Sellasia was plundered and burnt; and because the inhabitants at that time, together with several others of the Perioeci, went over to the enemy, the town was again taken and destroyed four years later by the Lacedaemonians themselves, assisted by some auxiliaries sent by the younger Dionysius. It suffered the same fate a third time after the defeat of Cleomenes III in the Battle of Sellasia. It appears to have been never rebuilt, and was in ruins in the time of Pausanias (2nd century).
The ruins of Sellasia lie 1.5 miles (2.5 km) beyond Palaiogoulas upon the summit of a mountain. The city was about 1 1/2 miles (2.5 km) in circumference, as appears from the foundation of the walls. The latter were from 10 to 11 feet (3.0 to 3.4 m) thick, and consist of irregular but very small stones. The northern and smaller half of the city was separated by a wall from the southern half, which was on lower ground.
# Halaesus

In Greek mythology, the name Halaesus or Halesus (Latin: Alesi; Ancient Greek: Ἅλαισος, romanized: Hálaisos) may refer to:
* Halesus, the Emathian Lapith who attended the wedding of Pirithous and Hippodamia. He was killed and stripped of his armor by the Centaur Latreus during the battle between the Lapiths and the centaurs.
* Halesus, a companion of Agamemnon during the Trojan War; some state that he was an illegitimate son of Agamemnon. After the war, having escaped the massacre organized by Clytaemnestra and Aegisthus of Agamemnon and his retinue, he travelled to Italy and founded the city of Falerii (now Civita Castellana), which received its name after him. He joined Turnus in the war against Aeneas, "not because he liked Turnus but because of the hate caused by his ancient hostility (towards Aeneas)", as Servius remarks. He was killed by Pallas while defending Imaon, a fellow warrior.
# Alcander (mythology)

In Greek mythology, Alcander or Alcandrus (Ancient Greek: Ἄλκανδρος) may refer to the following characters:
* Alcander, a Molossian seer, son of Munichus (son of Dryas), and Lelante. Their home was attacked by bandits, who put fire to their buildings. Since their entire family was beloved by the gods, Zeus then felt pity for them, turning them into various birds instead of letting them die a pitiable death. Alcander was turned into a wren.
* Alcandrus, a Lycian soldier who followed their leader, Sarpedon, to fight in the Trojan War. He was slain by the Greek hero Odysseus during the siege of Troy.
* Alcander, one of the companions of Aeneas in Italy. He was killed by Turnus.