OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Blackrock Castle

Blackrock Castle is a castellated fortification located at Blackrock, about 2 km from Cork city centre on the banks of the River Lee in Ireland. Originally developed as a coastal defence fortification in the 16th century to protect upper Cork Harbour and port, the site now houses an observatory, visitor centre and restaurant.

## History

In the late 16th century, the citizens of Cork appealed to Queen Elizabeth I to construct a fort at Blackrock to "repel pirates and other invaders". In 1582 a fortification was built on the site, and later around 1600, a round tower was constructed to safeguard against pirates "carrying away" vessels entering the harbour. The earliest elements of this structure remaining today are a circular tower on the water's edge, 10.5m in diameter, with walls 2.2m thick.
Blackrock Castle was in the ownership of the City of Cork following a charter of James I to the city in 1608. The castle is later referred to in the Council Book of Cork in 1613 and 1614. In 1722 the old four-storey tower was destroyed by fire and new one built by the citizens, costing £296.
Throughout this period, the castle was used by Cork Corporation for banquets and "convivial gatherings" - some associated with the custom of "throwing the dart". This custom, dating to at least the 18th century, was held every three years in August, and involved a dart (an arrow about four feet long) being thrown by the Mayor from a boat, to indicate the Corporation's jurisdiction over the harbour.
Following a banquet, the castle was destroyed by fire in 1827. The rebuilding began at the direction of Mayor Thomas Dunscombe in 1828 and was completed in March 1829. The architects added three additional storeys to the original tower and rebuilt the out-buildings. The new building cost the City of Cork £1,000. The architects were George Richard Pain and James Pain, who were responsible for other public buildings around Cork at the time. The neo-gothic complex of buildings around a courtyard is essentially what remains today.
The castle entered private hands and for a time in the 20th century was used as a private residence, offices, rowing club headquarters, and restaurant. The building was reacquired by Cork Corporation in 2001, and work commenced on renovating and re-purposing the complex as an observatory and museum.

## Observatory

In the early-2000s, Blackrock Castle was redeveloped under a joint venture between Cork City Council, Cork Institute of Technology and a private benefactor.
Opened in 2007, the "Cosmos at the Castle" project was intended to create a "centre for scientific research, outreach and communication". The castle's observatory houses an interactive astronomy center which is open to the public, and has exhibits including a "tour of the universe" and a radio telescope that beams messages composed by school groups towards nearby stars.
The castle also houses labs staffed by astronomical researchers from Cork Institute of Technology.
# Tarnów Voivodeship

Tarnów Voivodeship (Polish: województwo tarnowskie) was a unit of administrative division and local government in Poland in years 1975–1998, superseded by a much larger Lesser Poland Voivodeship. Its capital city was Tarnów. Located in southeastern part of the country, its area was 4,151 km$^2$. (which was 1.3% of the total area of Poland). In 1975 the population was 577,900, in 1998 it grew to 700,800.
* Tarnów (121 494)
* Dębica (49 107)
* Bochnia (29 887)
* Brzesko (17 859)
* Dąbrowa Tarnowska (11 178)
# Estampures

Estampures (French pronunciation:; Occitan: Estampuras) is a commune in the Hautes-Pyrénées department in south-western France.
# Labastidette

Labastidette (French pronunciation:; Occitan: La Bastideta) is a commune in the Haute-Garonne department in southwestern France.
# Brutalism (disambiguation)

Brutalist architecture is an architectural style that emerged during the 1950s in the United Kingdom.
Brutalism may also refer to:
* Brutalism (Idles album), 2017
* Brutalism (The Drums album), 2019
* "Brutalism", by Jean-Michel Jarre from Oxymore (2022)
* "Brutalism", by the Drums from Brutalism (2019)
# Askino, Askinsky District, Republic of Bashkortostan

Askino (Russian: Аскино, Bashkir: Асҡын, Asqın) is a rural locality (a selo) and the administrative center of Askinsky District of the Republic of Bashkortostan, Russia. Population: 6,918 (2010 Census); 6,853 (2002 Census); 5,800 (1989 Soviet census).
# Erwin García

Erwin García (born 13 September 1949) is a Nicaraguan judoka. He competed in the men's half-middleweight event at the 1972 Summer Olympics.
# Marmari

Marmari (Greek: Μαρμάρι, Katharevousa: Μαρμάριον) is a village and a former municipality in Euboea, Greece, in the southeastern end of the island. Since the 2011 local government reform it is part of the municipality Karystos, of which it is a municipal unit. Marmari has an area of 241.332 km$^2$. The Greek National Road 44 (Chalkida - Karystos) runs through it and there are ferry routes with the mainland port of Rafina. The mountains dominate the east. Its main economy are local businesses and agriculture. Marmari is located southeast of Chalkida, east of Rafina and west of Karystos.

## Other

Marmari currently has two schools: a middle school and a junior high school. It is surrounded by beautiful beaches which frequently host surfers from across the globe. Marmari is also home to Eastern Orthodox Christian churches. Marmari has many taverns. It is approximately one hour away from the port city of Rafina.
The area is a rich source of hard stones, with Karystos stone being one of the most popular. Their extraction and processing has been one of the oldest occupations of the inhabitants.
Sights of the area are: Saint George church and chrissi ammos (golden sand) beach. It is located across the island of Petalion and is a popular windsurfing or kitesurfing destination. National Geographic magazine ranks Marmari between the top 10 best sailing destinations.

## Sporting teams

* Football: Marmari FC, A.O.Marmariou, Marmari
# Rudolf of Żagań

Rudolf of Żagań (Polish: Rudolf żagański) (ca. 1418 – 18 September 1454) was a Duke of Żagań-Przewóz since 1439 (with his brothers as co-rulers until 1449), from 1449 Duke of Żagań (as co-ruler of his older brother).
He was the second son of Duke Jan I of Żagań by his wife Scholastika, daughter of Rudolf III, Duke of Saxe-Wittemberg and Elector of Saxony. He was named after his maternal grandfather.
Rudolf was born between 1411 and 1418.

## Life

At the time of his father's death (1439), Rudolf inherited the Duchy of Żagań-Przewóz jointly with his older brother Balthasar and his younger brothers Wenceslaus and Jan II the Mad.
In 1449 the Duchy was divided in two parts: Żagań and Przewóz. Rudolf and Balthasar received Żagań as co-rulers while Przewóz was given to Jan II and Wenceslaus also as co-rulers.
In 1450 Rudolf went along with his older brother on a pilgrimage to Rome. Here, he vowed to fight for the Christian faith, evidencing his strong religious beliefs. This is also confirmed by the written sources, specifically in the "Chronicle Żagań Abbots" (Kronika opatów żagańskich), where he is defined as a pious man.
In 1454 he participated in the Thirteen Years' War at the side of the Teutonic Order. With approximately 1,900 soldiers and horses he went to Świdwin. He wasn't the only Silesian ruler fighting on the Teutonic side. Together with the Bohemian leader Bernard Szumborski (Bernhard von Zinneberg) he fought in the Battle of Chojnice, where the Poles suffered a complete defeat. In the battle almost 3,000 Polish were killed, and about 300 knights were captured. Rudolf didn't survive the battle: he died on 17 September 1454 in his initial phase, facing the charge of the strong Polish cavalry. It is unknown where he was buried.
After his death without issue (he never married), his older brother Balthasar assumed the full sovereignty over Żagań. This unilateral decision left their younger brother Jan II bitterly disappointed and caused later his further revolts against Balthasar.

## Footnotes

* 1 2 3 Techmańska, Barbara (2014). Jan II żagański. Niespokojny książę, sojusznik króla husyty (16 VI 1435-22 IX 1504). Kraków: Wydawnictwo Avalon. p. 29.
# Asiavaleh, Lorestan

Asiavaleh (Persian: اسياوله, also Romanized as Āsīāvaleh and Āsīābaleh) is a village in Darb-e Gonbad Rural District, Darb-e Gonbad District, Kuhdasht County, Lorestan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 82, in 14 families.
# National Renovation Party

The National Renovation Party (Spanish: Partido Renovación Nacional, PRN) was a reformist and progressive political party in Guatemala that was supportive of the government of Jacobo Arbenz. The PRN was founded by a group of the young revolutionaries on 1 July 1944, following the overthrow of dictator Jorge Ubico and the beginning of the Guatemalan Revolution. Its founders included Juan José Orozco Posadas, and Mario Efraín Nájera Farfán. The PRN was known as a “teachers' party”, in contrast to the Popular Liberation Front (FPL), which was seen as a "students' party”. During this period the PRN and the FPL were the largest of the revolutionary parties.
In the 1944 elections, the first democratic elections that had been held in the country, the PRN nominated Juan José Arévalo as its candidate. In November 1945 it merged with the FPL to form the Revolutionary Action Party (PAR) but split from it eighteen months later. This split was partially the result of ideological differences, and partially the result of manipulations by Arévalo, who preferred to deal with a fractured opposition. After some hesitation the PRN joined the Party of the Guatemalan Revolution in June 1952, but withdrew a month later. PRN was the smallest party in the coalition governments of Jacobo Árbenz (1951-1954). It was disbanded after the coup d'état of 1954.
# Aleksandr Aleksandrovich Volkov

Aleksandr Aleksandrovich Volkov (Russian: Алекса́ндр Алекса́ндрович Во́лков; born 27 May 1948) is a retired Soviet cosmonaut. He is a veteran of 3 space flights, including twice to the Mir Soviet space station, and is the father of cosmonaut Sergey Volkov.

## Biography and career

Volkov was born in Ukrainian SSR in a family of Russian ethnicity. At the age of 13, Volkov witnessed Yuri Gagarin become the first man in space and this inspired him to become a cosmonaut. He joined the Soviet space programme and became a test pilot before realising his dream.
He flew into space three times. His first spaceflight was a trip to Salyut 7 in 1985 (64 days in space), followed by two flights to the Mir space station, in 1988–1989 (151 days) and again in 1991–1992 (175 days) as commander of flight Soyuz TM-13. On board the Mir space station, he controlled the docking procedures among other things.
The Soviet Union broke up in 1991 during his second stay on board Mir. At the time Volkov was orbiting Earth on Mir with Sergei K. Krikalev, "the last citizens of the USSR". Having gone into orbit as Soviet citizens, they returned to Earth as Russian citizens.
He worked as Commander of the Cosmonaut Team at the Cosmonauts Training Centre from January 1991 until August 1998. His work was to prepare Russian and foreign cosmonauts for future flights to space stations to Mir and the International Space Station.
He is the father of Sergey Volkov. The younger Volkov became the first second-generation cosmonaut when he was launched aboard Soyuz TMA-12 on 8 April 2008, his first of three flights; in total he spent over a year aboard the International Space Station.

## Awards

Aleksandr Volkov was awarded:
* Hero of the Soviet Union (1985)
* Order of Lenin (1985)
* Order of the October Revolution (1989)
* Order of Friendship of Peoples (1992)
* Medal 2nd class of the Order of Merit for the Fatherland (1996)
* Medal "For Merit in Space Exploration" (2011)
* Officer of the Legion of Honour (France)
* Order of Merit 3rd class (Ukraine, 2011)
# Teichfuss Astore

The Teichfuss Astore (English: Goshawk) was an Italian Intermediate single-seat trainer glider designed by Luigi Teichfuss and flown in 1936. Two were built.

## Design and development

The 1936 Astore was very similar to the RRG Falke designed by Alexander Lippisch in 1930. Like the Falke it was intended as a secondary or intermediate trainer, its swept wing bringing intrinsic stability and safety for the inexperienced pilot. The Astore was a little larger than the Falke, 11% in span and 19% in length.
The Astore was a braced high-wing monoplane, its constant chord wing swept at about 10°. The wing was a single spar structure with plywood covering from the spar forward around the leading edge forming a torsion-resistant D-box. Aft of the spar the wing was fabric covered. Ailerons were hinged at right angles to the fuselage and were lobate, with curved edges that blended into rounded wing tips. The wing, which was mounted with dihedral, was supported over the fuselage by a pair of inverted V-struts from the upper longerons and a small pillar behind the cockpit. A longer faired bracing V-strut joined the lower longeron to the wing at about one third span on each side.
The fuselage was a ply covered wooden hexagonal structure with deep sides and an open cockpit under the wing. A straight tapered tailplane was positioned forward of a small fin, carrying elevators which had a cut-out between them for operation of the straight tapered balanced rudder. The rudder extended to the keel, protected by a small tail bumper under the fin. The undercarriage was a standard, long skid equipped with rubber shock absorbers; wheels on a short axle attached to the lower fuselage provided an alternative, narrow track, undercarriage.
The Astore first flew in 1936. Two were built and used by the Pavullo nel Frignano flying school.

## Specifications

Data from Perielli (2011) p.47
General characteristics
* Crew: One
* Length: 6.25 m (20 ft 6 in)
* Wingspan: 14 m (45 ft 11 in)
* Height: 1.58 m (5 ft 2 in)
* Wing area: 18 m$^2$ (190 sq ft)
* Aspect ratio: 11
* Airfoil: Göttingen 535 root, outboard via reflex to symmetrical
* Empty weight: 177 kg (390 lb)
* Gross weight: 252 kg (556 lb)
Performance
* Maximum speed: 120 km/h (75 mph, 65 kn)
* Maximum glide ratio: 18:1 at 60 km/h (37 mph)
* Rate of sink: 0.85 m/s (167 ft/min) minimum
* Wing loading: 13.8 kg/m$^2$ (2.8 lb/sq ft)
# Acre-class destroyer

The Acre-class destroyers were a class of six destroyers built during World War II for the Brazilian Navy. None were completed before the end of the war. They are also referred to in some sources as the Amazonas class.

## Design

Built in Brazil to a modified British design along with some U.S. equipment, they were built to replace six H-class destroyers (or Jurua class) ordered from Britain but purchased by Britain for use in the war. Due to design complications, the ships took a long time to complete, having been finished from 1949 to 1951.
The ships received a refit in the early 1960s with new electronics and gun no. 2 being replaced by a 40mm Bofors mounting. Two ships were decommissioned in 1964 and the remaining four from 1973 to 1974.

## Ships

The six ships were:
List of Acre-class destroyers :
| Ship | Laid down | Launched | Commissioned | Decommissioned |
| Acre | 28 December 1940 | 30 May 1945 | 10 December 1951 | 1974 |
| Ajuricaba | 28 December 1940 | 30 May 1945 | December 1951 | 1964 |
| Amazonas | 20 July 1940 | 29 November 1943 | 10 November 1949 | 1973 |
| Apa | 28 December 1940 | 30 May 1945 | December 1951 | 1964 |
| Araguarí | 28 December 1940 | 14 July 1946 | 23 June 1951 | 1974 |
| Araguaya | 20 July 1940 | 24 November 1943 | 3 September 1949 | 1974 |
# USS Xenia

USS Xenia (AKA-51) was an Artemis-class attack cargo ship in service with the United States Navy from 1945 to 1946. She was then sold to Chile, where she served as Presidente Errazuriz until 1966.

## History
### U.S. Navy

USS Xenia (AKA-51) was laid down under Maritime Commission contract (MC hull 1912) on 4 May 1945 at Providence, Rhode Island, by the Walsh-Kaiser Company; launched on 27 June 1945; sponsored by Mrs. Roger W. Armstrong; and commissioned at the Boston Navy Yard on 28 July 1945.
Following shakedown, Xenia operated off the east coast with Service Force, Atlantic Fleet, from September 1945 until 17 April 1946, when she reported to the Commandant, 3rd Naval District, New York City, for disposal.

### Chilean Navy

Decommissioned on 13 May 1946, Xenia was struck from the Navy list on 30 November 1946 and subsequently transferred to the government of Chile. Renamed Presidente Errazuriz (named after Federico Errázuriz Echaurren), she served the Chilean Navy, for a time serving as fleet flagship, until 1966. She was sold for partial scrapping by Agencias Metalugicas S.A.C of Chile. A section of the hull was retained by the Chilean Navy for use as a floating jetty.

## Name background

The Greek word xenia (ξενία) is a term for an ancient concept of hospitality.
A July 1945 newspaper report stated that the Walsh-Kaiser Company had named each of its attack cargo ships after stars. However, this was questioned at the time, and appears to be in error. The ship names do correspond to the names of minor planets (asteroids), such as USS Artemis (AKA-21), 105 Artemis; USS Athene (AKA-22), 881 Athene; USS Aurelia (AKA-23), 419 Aurelia; and so forth. Thus, AKA-51 appears to be named for 625 Xenia, which was discovered by August Kopff in 1907.
Shortly after the ship was commissioned, the town of Xenia, Ohio, demonstrated how well it deserved the name which it shares with the asteroid and warship by offering to adopt the attack cargo ship.
# Warehoused

Warehoused (Spanish: Almacenados) is a 2015 Mexican comedy-drama film directed by Jack Zagha Kababie and written by David Desola. It based on a novel by David Desola.
# Grasshopper-class torpedo gunboat

The Grasshopper-class torpedo gunboat was a class of torpedo gunboat built for the Royal Navy in the late 19th century. All three ships were scrapped before World War I.

## Design

The Grasshopper class was designed by Nathaniel Barnaby in 1886 and were essentially repeats of the Rattlesnake of 1886. They had a length between perpendiculars of 200 ft (61 m), a beam of 23 ft (7.0 m) and a displacement of 525 long tons (533 t). They were engined with two sets of Maudslay, Sons & Field triple-expansion steam engines, two locomotive boilers, and twin screws. This layout produced 1,600 indicated horsepower (1,200 kW) with natural draught and 2,700 indicated horsepower (2,000 kW) with forced draught, giving them a top speed of 19.25 knots (35.65 km/h; 22.15 mph). They carried 100 tons of coal, giving them a range of about 2,400 nautical miles (4,400 km; 2,800 mi) at 10 knots (19 km/h; 12 mph) and were manned by 66 sailors and officers.

## Armament

The class was each fitted with one 4 inch Gun and six 3-pounder guns. Two 14-inch (356 mm) torpedo tubes and two additional 14-inch torpedo carriages. 4 reload torpedoes were carried.

## Ships

| Name | Ship builder | Laid down | Launched | Completed | Fate |
| Grasshopper | Sheerness Dockyard | 27 April 1886 | 30 August 1887 | July 1888 | Sold for breaking on 11 July 1905. |
| Sandfly | Devonport Dockyard | 19 April 1886 | 20 September 1887 | July 1888 | Sold at Malta for breaking on 17 March 1905. |
| Spider | Devonport Dockyard | 9 June 1886 | 17 October 1887 | December 1888 | Sold at Malta for breaking on 13 May 1903. |
# Matthew Teitelbaum

Matthew D. Teitelbaum CM (born February 13, 1956) is a Canadian art historian, who is currently the director of Museum of Fine Arts in Boston, Massachusetts.

## Early life and education

Born in Toronto, Ontario, Teitelbaum is the third child and only son of the late painter Mashel Teitelbaum. His mother Ethel was an administrator and later a government official. The household was noisy, busy, and frequented by artists, politicians, writers, and media figures.
Teitelbaum holds a BA in Canadian history from Carleton University and an MPhil in modern European painting and sculpture from the Courtauld Institute of Art.

## Career

Teitelbaum has taught and lectured at Harvard University, York University, and the University of Western Ontario.
Teitelbaum first held curatorial positions with the Institute of Contemporary Art, Boston, and the Mendel Art Gallery. He later joined the Art Gallery of Ontario in 1993 as chief curator and was later appointed as the Michael and Sonja Koerner Director and CEO in 1998. As a curator, he has published numerous publications and exhibition catalogues on modern and contemporary Canadian artists as Greg Curnoe, Paterson Ewen, Joe Fafard, Betty Goodwin, Edward Poitras, and Robert Wiens. As the museum's director and CEO, he oversaw the institution’s $306 million expansion and renovation of its Beaux-Arts building by the architect Frank Gehry.
In 2015, the Museum of Fine Arts, Boston announced that Teitelbaum had been chosen to serve as its Ann and Graham Gund Director, replacing Malcolm Rogers, who had served as the museum's director for 21 years. On June 20, 2024, he announced his plans to retire from the Museum of Fine Arts in August of 2025.

## Personal life

Teitelbaum is married to Susan M. Cohen, who served as the executive director of the W. Garfield Weston Foundation. They have two sons, Max and Elijah.

## Honors

* Honorary Doctor of Law, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada (2002)
* Chevalier dans l'Ordre des Arts et des Lettres, France (2006)
* Member of the Order of Canada (2019)
# Khankuiyeh

Khankuiyeh (Persian: خانكوئيه, also Romanized as Khānkū’īyeh) is a village in Gughar Rural District, in the Central District of Baft County, Kerman Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 9, in 4 families.
# USS Constant (AM-427)

USS Constant, (AM-427/MSO-427) was an Agile class minesweeper vessel in the United States Navy.
Constant was laid down on 16 August 1951 at Fulton Shipyard, Antioch, California and launched on 14 February 1953. She was commissioned as Constant, AM-427) on 8 September 1954 and later reclassified as an Ocean Minesweeper MSO-427 on 7 February 1955.

## Pacific Ocean operations

Constant operated on the west coast until she cleared Long Beach, California, 4 January 1956 for Pearl Harbor and Yokosuka, Japan, arriving 4 February. She joined in amphibious exercises at Iwo Jima, made repairs to cables and conducted minesweeping and local operations from her base at Sasebo until 28 March. Between 2 April and 19 May, she sailed in training exercises with naval forces of the Republic of China based on Kaohsiung, Taiwan. She returned to Sasebo 20 April to resume operations in Japanese waters until 19 May, when she cleared Yokosuka, Japan, for Long Beach, California, arriving 15 June.

## Stateside Overhaul

After overhaul and west coast operations, Constant sailed from Long Beach, California, 2 June 1958, for Sasebo and duty in minesweeping off Okinawa, as well as other local operations from 3 July to 30 August. She stood by at Taiwan from 2 September until 27 October during the Quemoy Crisis, then called at Hong Kong, before returning to Japan. She cleared Yokosuka, Japan, 12 December for Long Beach, California, arriving 6 January 1959. Through the remainder of 1959, and the first half of 1960, she operated locally from Long Beach. On 31 August Constant sailed for duty in the Far East, where she remained into 1961. In the mid-1980s, she participated in one or more extended endurance Naval Reserve summer training cruises (with reservists embarked) from her homeport in San Diego to as far away as the Naval Air Station in Adak, AK. In June, 1985, USS Constant called at the following ports: U.S. Coast Guard Station Juneau, AK, and at U.S. Coast Guard Air Station Kodiak Island, AK.

## Decommissioning

Constant was decommissioned, 30 September 1992; struck from the Naval Register, 9 March 1994; sold for scrapping to Crowley Marine, removal date 29 September 1999; scrapped, 1 April 2001.