OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Lidia Yermoshina

Lidia Mikhaylovna Yermoshina (Belarusian: Лідзія Міхайлаўна Ярмошына, romanized: Lidziya Mikhaylauna Yarmoshyna; Russian: Лидия Михайловна Ермошина; born 29 January 1953) is a Belarusian politician. She was a member of the Central Election Commission of Belarus (1992–1996), and Chairwoman (1996–2021).

## Biography

Yermoshina was born in Slutsk, Minsk Region on 29 January 1953. In 1975, she graduated from the Faculty of Law at the Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University. Beginning in 1975, she worked as a legal advisor until becoming an attorney's assistant in 1987. She became Chairwoman of the Judiciary of the City Executive Committee of Babruysk in 1988, a post she held until 1996.

### Belarusian elections

She has been a member of the Central Election Commission of Belarus since 1992, and Chairwoman of the organization since 1996. She was appointed by decree by Alexander Lukashenko in contradiction with the Constitution of Belarus, which stated that the candidacy of the Chairman of the CEC must be approved by the Supreme Council of Belarus. The previous Chairman, Viktar Hanchar, had been an active critic of the 1996 Belarusian referendum and was removed by Lukashenko after serving just little over a month.
In 2004, following the 2004 Belarusian parliamentary election and constitutional referendum, Yermoshina was banned from entering the European Union for allegedly participating in the manipulation of the results of the presidential election. Following the same accusations, in 2006, the United States included her in the sanction list as well. The ban was lifted in 2008.
On 15 December 2010, presidential candidate Andrei Sannikov logged a legal complaint application to the Central Election Commission of Belarus, demanding they remove Yermoshyna from her office as Chairperson of the Central Election Commission. He cited that her position was illegal, as Yermoshyna was a member of incumbent Aleksandr Lukashenko's political team, compromising her neutrality, and was under international scrutiny for purportedly rigging the previous election. The complaints were ineffective. Yermoshina was again sanctioned by the European Union in the aftermath of the 2010 election; these sanctions were suspended in 2015 and lifted in 2016.
On 9 August 2020, Yermoshina appeared on Belarusian TV to condemn the "deliberate provocations" of protest voters in the 2020 Belarusian presidential election. She also described long queues outside polling stations as an attempt at "sabotage" by the opposition.
Independent observers of the election have noted vote counting irregularities and dozens have been subject to harassment and detention. U.S. Secretary of State Mike Pompeo described the elections as "neither free nor fair." After the election and the subsequent protests, Yermoshina was banned from entering the European Union, the United Kingdom, Switzerland and Canada.
Yermoshina was replaced by the former Minister of Education Ihar Karpenka [be] on 13 December 2021.

## Personal life

Lidia Yermoshina has been divorced twice, and has a son, Aleksei, who died at age 40 of unknown causes in June 2017.
# Tungsten(IV) fluoride

Tungsten tetrafluoride is an inorganic compound with the formula WF$_4$. This little studied solid has been invoked, together with tungsten pentafluoride, as an intermediate in the chemical vapor deposition of tungsten films using tungsten hexafluoride.

## Structure

Tungsten tetrafluoride was found to have polymeric structure based on Mössbauer spectroscopy.

## Preparation

It has been prepared by treatment of the coordination complex WCl$_4$(MeCN)$_2$ with AsF$_3$. It has been produced by from the reaction of WF$_6$ and a W filament at 600-800 °C.

## Reactions

The compound can be re-oxidized to W(VI) compounds by treatment with fluorine and chlorine:
    WF$_4$ + X$_2$ → WF$_4$X$_2$
Upon heating, it disproportionates to WF$_6$ and tungsten metal.
# Anker Jacobsen

Anker Jacobsen (17 July 1911 – 1975) was a Danish tennis player who was active during the 1930s and 1940s.

## Career

Jacobsen, a member of Copenhagen's KB, played at Wimbledon from 1932 to 1934 but lost his first match in each year. He was a member of the Danish Davis Cup team during the same period where he could win four out of eight matches.
Jacobsen won numerous titles at the Danish championships until 1949:
* outdoors:
** singles: 1933, 1934, 1936–1941
** doubles: 1947, 1949
** mixed doubles: 1937–1940, 1941, 1942
* indoors:
** singles: 1936, 1937, 1939, 1940, 1943
** doubles: 1943, 1944 1947, 1949
** mixed doubles: 1936, 1938–1940, 1942
# Baba Arab

Baba Arab (Persian: باباعرب) is a village in, and the capital of, Alaviyeh Rural District of Kordian District, Jahrom County, Fars province, Iran.

## Demographics
### Population

At the time of the 2006 National Census, the village's population was 2,238 in 537 households. The following census in 2011 counted 1,992 people in 551 households. The 2016 census measured the population of the village as 2,208 people in 715 households.
# Mesothen aurantiaca

Mesothen aurantiaca is a moth of the subfamily Arctiinae. It was described by Paul Dognin in 1906. It is found in Peru.
# Peckleton

Peckleton is a small village and former civil parish, now in the parish of Kirkby Mallory, Peckleton and Stapleton, in the Hinckley and Bosworth district of Leicestershire, England. The villages of Kirkby Mallory and Stapleton also form part of the parish. Thus, according to the 2001 census, the parish had a population of 1,077, falling slightly to 1,067 at the 2011 census. Due east of the village is Peckleton Common, adjacent to The Glebe Fisheries, an angling centre of excellence completed in 1996. The local church, St Mary Magdalene, is located just south of the village centre.
Notable residents of Peckleton include George Vincent (MP), heir (through his mother) to the Moton family which held the manor of Peckleton for centuries; and descendants of Charles Henry Bennett, illustrator to Charles Darwin and Lewis Carroll.
vtePlaces adjacent to Peckleton :
Newbold Verdon
Desford
Leicester Forest East
Kirkby Mallory
Peckleton
Leicester Forest West
Barwell
Earl Shilton
Thurlaston :

## Civil parish

On 1 April 1935 the parishes of Kirkby Mallory and Stapleton were merged with Peckleton, the merged parish was later renamed "Kirkby Mallory, Peckleton and Stapleton". In 1931 the parish of Peckleton (prior to the merge) had a population of 283.
# 1979 Kansas Jayhawks football team

The 1979 Kansas Jayhawks football team represented the University of Kansas in the Big Eight Conference during the 1979 NCAA Division I-A football season. After a four year absence, Don Fambrough returned as the team's head coach, and the Jayhawks compiled a 3–8 record (2–5 against conference opponents), tied for fifth place in the conference, and were outscored by opponents by a combined total of 346 to 172. They played their home games at Memorial Stadium in Lawrence, Kansas.
The team's statistical leaders included Brian Bethke with 874 passing yards, Harry Sydney with 541 rushing yards, and David Verser with 463 receiving yards. Brian Bethke, Mike Gay, and Monty Carbonell were the team captains.

## Schedule

| Date | Opponent | Site | Result | Attendance |
| September 15 | at No. 16 Pittsburgh* | Pitt StadiumPittsburgh, PA | L 0–24 | 41,545 |
| September 22 | at No. 11 Michigan* | Michigan StadiumAnn Arbor, MI | L 7–28 | 103,698 |
| September 29 | North Texas State* | Memorial StadiumLawrence, KS | W 37–18 | 39,460 |
| October 6 | Syracuse* | Memorial StadiumLawrence, KS | L 27–45 | 36,720 |
| October 13 | at No. 5 Nebraska | Memorial StadiumLincoln, NE (rivalry) | L 0–42 | 76,011 |
| October 20 | at Iowa State | Cyclone StadiumAmes, IA | W 24–7 | 47,064–48,100 |
| October 27 | Oklahoma State | Memorial StadiumLawrence, KS | L 17–30 | 29,671 |
| November 3 | Kansas State | Memorial StadiumLawrence, KS (Sunflower Showdown) | W 36–28 | 48,627 |
| November 10 | at No. 6 Oklahoma | Oklahoma Memorial StadiumNorman, OK | L 0–38 | 71,822 |
| November 17 | Colorado | Memorial StadiumLawrence, KS | L 17–31 | 25,572–31,125 |
| November 24 | Missouri | Memorial StadiumLawrence, KS (Border War) | L 7–55 | 34,599 |
| *Non-conference gameHomecomingRankings from AP Poll released prior to the game ||||||
# Puddington, Cheshire

Puddington is a village and civil parish on the Wirral Peninsula, in the unitary authority of Cheshire West and Chester and the ceremonial county of Cheshire, England. It is located to the south east of the town of Neston and close to the border with Wales.
Puddington has as its centrepiece a village green which hosts the annual Christmas carol service and summer barbecue.
In the 2001 census the village of Puddington had 325 inhabitants, which had risen to 381 by the 2011 census.

## History

The name derives from Old English, likely meaning 'Put(t)a's farmstead or settlement'.
Puddington is recorded in the Domesday Book of 1086 as Potitone, within the Wilaveston Hundred of Cheshire. Ten households were listed: four villagers, four smallholders, one slave and one 'riders'.
The population was measured at 139 in 1801, 176 in 1851, 126 in 1901 and increasing to 410 by 1951.
Formerly a township in Burton parish of the Wirral Hundred, it became a civil parish in 1866. Puddington was added to Wirral Rural District in 1894, then from 1933 most of the village became part of Chester Rural District. This was abolished on 1 April 1974, when local government reorganisation in England and Wales created the non-metropolitan district of Chester.

## Governance

The civil parish of Puddington includes the hamlets of Badger's Rake (part), Benty Heys, Croxton Wood, Shotwick and Woodbank. Part of Two Mills was also within its boundaries until 2015.
As of 2024, Puddington is within the Saughall and Mollington Ward of the Cheshire West and Chester unitary authority. Nationally, the village is in the City of Chester parliamentary constituency.
# Vayavilan Madhya Maha Vidyalayam

Vayavilan Central College (Tamil: வயாவிளான் மத்திய கல்லூரி Vayavilan Central College) is a provincial school in Vayavilan near Vasavilan, Sri Lanka.
# Jafarabad-e Chelik

Jafarabad-e Chelik (Persian: جعفرابادچليك, also Romanized as Ja‘farābād-e Chelīk; also known as Ja‘farābād) is a village in Marhemetabad-e Jonubi Rural District, in the Central District of Miandoab County, West Azerbaijan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, the village's population was 394 individuals and 85 families. The village is populated by Azerbaijanis and Kurds.
# Chareh Sar

Chareh Sar (Persian: چاره سر, also Romanized as Chāreh Sar; also known as Chahārsar) is a village in Do Hezar Rural District, Khorramabad District, Tonekabon County, Mazandaran Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 47, in 12 families.
# Qeshlaq-e Qarah Takanlu Amrollah

Qeshlaq-e Qarah Takanlu Amrollah (Persian: قشلاق قره تكانلوامراله, also Romanized as Qeshlāq-e Qarah Takānlū Amrollah) is a village in Qeshlaq-e Gharbi Rural District, Aslan Duz District, Parsabad County, Ardabil Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 187, in 32 families.
# Roupel Pass

The Roupel Gorge or Roupel Pass (Greek: Στενωπός του Ρούπελ; Bulgarian: Рупелски пролом) is a steep river valley in the northern part of Central Macedonia, immediately south of the Greek-Bulgarian border. It was formed by the Strymon River, which stems from the Vitosha mountains and flows into the Aegean Sea. The gorge is rich in biodiversity which may be endangered by the project to build the Motorway 25 which is a part of European route E79. Strymon enters from Bulgaria into Greece west of village Promachonas, going through Roupel Pass, that it opened up, between the mountains Belasica and Orvilos. Here the ground gets flatter so the Strymon loses speed and splits into two branches. The western branch goes to lake Kerkini and then flows southeast where it rejoins the eastern branch near to the village of Lithotopos.
The pass was fortified in 1914–1916, and the Roupel Fortress played a major role in World War I events in Greece and in the German invasion of Greece in 1941.
# Mesothen demicostata

Mesothen demicostata is a moth of the subfamily Arctiinae. It was described by William James Kaye in 1918. It is found in Colombia.
The wingspan is about 28 mm. The forewings are yellowish transparent. The costa on the central area is bright orange and black basally and on the apical third of the wing. The hindwings are yellowish transparent, with a black outer margin.
# Kviteseid Church

Kviteseid Church (Norwegian: Kviteseid kyrkje) is a parish church of the Church of Norway in Kviteseid Municipality in Telemark county, Norway. It is located in the village of Kviteseid. It is the main church for the Kviteseid parish which is part of the Øvre Telemark prosti (deanery) in the Diocese of Agder og Telemark. The brown, stone church was built in a long church design in 1915 using plans drawn up by the architect Haldor Larsen Børve. The church seats about 320 people.

## History

The Old Kviteseid Church stands about 6 kilometres (3.7 mi) to the south of the present church, and the old church served the parish of Kviteseid for centuries. The old church was located in the central part of the parish. Over the years, the village of Kviteseid grew up around the northern end of the lake Sundkilen and the old church stood about 6 kilometres (3.7 mi) to the south of there, along the lake Kviteseidvatnet. In 1869, the parish priest moved from the old rectory by the church to a new rectory in the village. In the late 1800s, it was decided to move the Kviteseid Church to the village of Kviteseid and to compensate for moving it further to the northwest, the parish would also build a brand new church at Fjågesund to serve the eastern part of the parish. Because of the small size of the parish, it took many years to raise the money needed to construct both new churches.
Around 1900, drawings were available for a wooden long church that was designed by Carl Berner from the Norwegian Ministry of Church Affairs and Education but the local municipal council did not approve them because that church would have been too expensive for the parish to afford. New designs were then obtained from the architect Haldor Larsen Børve. A stone mason named Sundby and a builder named Opsund were responsible for the construction of the new Kviteseid Church. The new church is a long church that is faced with red granite (from a nearby quarry), but inside it is built with bricks that have been whitewashed and painted. The church was built in 1915-1916 and the new building was consecrated on 18 June 1916–the day before the new Fjågesund Church was consecrated. After this, the Old Kviteseid Church was closed down and it was left untouched for several decades before being carefully restored.
# The Innocents (1963 film)

The Innocents (Spanish: Los inocentes) is a 1963 Argentine-Spanish drama film written and directed by Juan Antonio Bardem, starring Alfredo Alcón and Paloma Valdés. It was entered into the 13th Berlin International Film Festival. Set mostly in the Argentine city of Mar del Plata, it tells the story of an innocent and sincere young woman from a rich background falling in love with an older bereaved man who her family will never accept.

## Plot

The life of Bruno, a bank employee aged 29, is overturned when his wife is found dead alongside the driver of a wrecked car, one of the Ezzquellia brothers who are major industrialists. Having no idea she was unfaithful, Bruno is further upset when a large cheque arrives from the surviving brothers. Refusing to accept it and keep silent, he walks to the Ezzquellia mansion but the only person who will see him is the dead man's daughter. This is Elena, aged 17, who shares his disgust at her father's behaviour and feels for his loss.
She meets him often to talk about his dead wife and shows her affection for him. Though they become secret lovers, he does not believe the relationship can last and takes a job in another city, where she tracks him down and persuades him to promise marriage. This mobilises the Ezzquellias, who warn Guido that they will never consent and they get his job moved to a faraway city. When Elena tracks him down at the railway station where his train is waiting, he rings the Ezzquellias, who get the police to arrest her as a runaway minor in moral danger.

## Cast

* Alfredo Alcón as Guido Santrori
* Paloma Valdés as Elena Ezzquellia
* Enrique Fava as Ignazio Fuentes
* Zelmar Gueñol as Leiva Fuentes
* Lía Casanova as Natalia Ezzquellia
* Eduardo Muñoz as Dionisio Ezzquellia
# Ihram clothing

Part of a series on :
Islamic jurisprudence (fiqh) :
Ritual
Shahada
Salah
Raka'ah
Qibla
Turbah
Sunnah prayer (TarawihTahajjud)
Witr
Nafl prayer
Sawm
Zakat
Hajj
Ihram (clothing
Mut'ah)
Tawaf
Umrah (and Hajj) :
Political
Islamic leadership
Caliphate
Majlis-ash-Shura
Imamate
Wilayat al-faqih
Bay'ah
Dhimmi
Aman :
Family
Marriage
Contract
Mahr
Misyar
Halala
Urfi
Mut‘ah
Polygyny
Divorce
Khula
Zihar
Iddah
Kafa'ah
Adoption
Breastfeeding
Sexual
Awrah
Abortion
Baligh
Haya
Hygiene
Rape
Zina
Masturbation :
Criminal
Hudud
Blasphemy
Maisir  (gambling)
Zina  (illicit sex)
Hirabah  (unlawful warfare and banditry)
Fasad  ("mischief")
Mofsed-e-filarz  ("spreading corruption")
Fitna  ("sedition")
Rajm  (stoning)
Tazir  (discretionary)
Qisas  (retaliation)
Diya  (compensation) :
Etiquette
Adab
Gender segregation (Purdah)
Mahram
Honorifics
Toilet :
Economic
History
Zakat
Jizya
Nisab
Khums
Sadaqah (Waqf)
Bayt al-mal
Banking
Riba
Murabaha
Takaful
Sukuk
Inheritance :
Hygiene
Sexual
Toilet
Taharah
Ihram
Wudu
Masah
Ghusl
Tayammum
Miswak
Najis
Istinja
Dietary
Dhabihah
Alcohol
Pork
Comparison with kashrut :
Military
Jihad
Ghanimah
Hudna
Istijarah (asylum)
Prisoners of war :
Islamic studies :
vte :
Ihram clothing (Ahram clothing) includes men's and women's garments worn by Muslim people while in a state of Iḥrām, during either of the Islamic pilgrimages, Ḥajj and/or ʿUmrah. The main objective is to avoid attracting attention. Men's garments often consist of two white unhemmed sheets (usually towelling material) and are universal in appearance. The top (the ridāʾ (Arabic: رِدَاء)) is draped over the torso, and the bottom (the izār (إِزَار)) is secured by a belt; plus a pair of sandals. Women's clothing, however, varies considerably and reflects regional as well as religious influences, but they often do not wear special clothing or cover their faces.
White ihram clothing is intended to make everyone appear the same, to signify that in front of God there is no difference between a prince and a pauper. Ihram also contributes to a feeling of unity that pilgrims have when they are in the city of Mecca, that they are all brothers and sisters joined to worship Allah. Although it is simply an item of clothing to be worn during the pilgrimage, there are many competing views on the proper wearing of ihram. For example, the exact number of days a pilgrim is required to wear ihram varies according to the type of pilgrimage the individual is performing. Ihram is typically worn during Dhu al-Hijjah, the last month in the Islamic calendar.
Ihram is also a state which a pilgrim is in during the Hajj pilgrimage. Before entering Ihram, they bathe, trim their nails and hair, make wudu (cleansing ritual), and pronounce a formal intention to perform Hajj. While they are in this state, pilgrims are not allowed to hunt or kill any living thing, participate in sexual intercourse, cut hair or nails, or wear make-up or perfume.
# Shotwick

Shotwick is a small village and former civil parish, now in the parish of Puddington, on the southern end of the Wirral Peninsula in the unitary authority of Cheshire West and Chester and the ceremonial county of Cheshire, England. The village is close to the county of Flintshire on the England–Wales border. The village was located on the River Dee until it was canalised in 1736 after which the reclaimed land has since developed into the neighbouring Deeside Industrial Park.

## History

Shotwick is recorded in the Domesday book (1086), within the Cheshire Hundred of Willaston, with six households listed. Shotwick Castle was built about 1093 by Hugh Lupus, 1st Earl of Chester, at what is now Shotwick Park and near the River Dee, before the area succumbed to the effects of silting. The Norman castle lay in ruins by the 17th century and now only the foundations remain. Henry II left from Shotwick for Ireland and Edward I used the port to leave for Wales in 1278.
The village, including part of the hamlet of Two Mills was within the Wirral Hundred, with a population of 95 in 1801, 100 in 1851, 82 in 1901 and 70 in 1951. It currently has a population of 120. The civil parish was abolished on 1 April 2015 and merged into Puddington.

## Gallery

* St. Michael's church, Shotwick
* Millennium bench
* Cottage in Shotwick
# Becker Island

Becker Island (Russian: Остров Беккера; Ostrov Bekkera) is an island in Franz Josef Land, Arkhangelsk Oblast, Russian Arctic.
Becker Island was named after Moritz Alois Becker (1812-1887), the general secretary of Austrian Geographical Society.

## Geography

Becker Island is long and narrow, stretching from East to West. It is located straight south of Rainer Island. Its length is 14 km (8.7 mi) and its average width 3 km (1.9 mi).
The Kupol Surova (Купол Сурова) ice dome covers the western part of the island. The highest point of Becker Island is a 165 m (541 ft) high summit located at the eastern end. The eastern half of this island is unglacierized. The eastern headland, Cape Galkovsky (Mys Galkovskogo) is relatively close to the island's highest point. The western headland is Cape Lopast.
# Pavlovka, Perm Krai

Pavlovka (Russian: Павловка) is a rural locality (a selo) and the administrative center of Pavlovskoye Rural Settlement, Chernushinsky District, Perm Krai, Russia. The population was 673 as of 2010. There are 11 streets.

## Geography

Pavlovka is located 11 km east of Chernushka (the district's administrative centre) by road. Bolshoy Ulyk is the nearest rural locality.
# Cheboksary Dam

The Cheboksary Dam (Russian: Чебоксарская ГЭС, Cheboksary GES) is a hydroelectric dam on the Volga river, the latest of the Volga-Kama Cascade of dams.

## Technical data

Construction started in the USSR in 1968 and mostly completed by 1986. The complex consists of a power plant built on dam 548 m long, concrete spillway dam 120 m long, earth fill dams with a total length of 3355 m, and a single-chamber two-lane lock. The total water front length is 4480 m. Installed power is 1404 MW, designed average annual production is 3310 GWh, but actual annual production is 2100 GWh due to lowered reservoir level. The power house has 18 generator units with Kaplan turbines, each 78 MW at 12.4 m head. The dam forms Cheboksary Reservoir with surface area of 2182 km².

## Reservoir level problem

The station began to work in 1981 with normal water level lowered to 63 m above sea level. Most of flooded land belonged to Mari El Republic. Flooded land included valuable meadows and several hundred acres ( hectares ) of oak forest that was not duly felled.
Rising normal water level to the design value of 68 m was hindered first by incomplete reservoir banks protection, then being opposed by Nizhny Novgorod Oblast and Mari El Republic. Now the station is operating at 63 m water level, with an actual installed power of 820 MW and an average annual production of 2100 GWh. Also lowered level poses difficulties to navigation on the Volga river between Nizhny Novgorod and Gorodets, with allowed draught down to 3 m, whereas it is 4 m on other parts of the Volga. Water quality in reservoir degrades because shallow waters comprise 33% of its area instead of the designed 19%. The water level problem is still being discussed.
Further water level rise will cause flood of vast areas of Nizhny Novgorod Oblast and Mari El, including most part of Nizhny Novgorod between the Oka and the Volga rivers.