OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Balchik Municipality

Balchik Municipality (Bulgarian: Община Балчик) is a municipality (obshtina) in Dobrich Province, Northeastern Bulgaria, located on the Northern Bulgarian Black Sea Coast in Southern Dobruja geographical region. It is named after its administrative centre - the town of Balchik.
The municipality embraces a territory of 523 km$^2$ (202 sq mi) with a population of 19,331 inhabitants, as of 2018.
The area is best known with the Balchik Palace complex in the main town as well as the luxury seaside resort of Albena. The main road E87 crosses the municipality connecting the port of Varna with the Romanian port of Konstanza.

## Settlements

Balchik Municipality includes the following 22 places (towns are shown in bold):
| Town/Village | Cyrillic | Population (December 2009) |
| Balchik | Балчик | 12,196 |
| Bezvoditsa | Безводица | 383 |
| Bobovets | Бобовец | 86 |
| Bryastovo | Брястово | 4 |
| Dropla | Дропла | 304 |
| Dabrava | Дъбрава | 216 |
| Gurkovo | Гурково | 560 |
| Hrabrovo | Храброво | 99 |
| Karvuna | Карвуна | 62 |
| Kranevo | Кранево | 1,233 |
| Kremena | Кремена | 128 |
| Lyahovo | Ляхово | 444 |
| Obrochishte | Оброчище | 2,411 |
| Prespa | Преспа | 248 |
| Rogachevo | Рогачево | 263 |
| Senokos | Сенокос | 661 |
| Sokolovo | Соколово | 1,004 |
| Strazhitsa | Стражица | 468 |
| Trigortsi | Тригорци | 192 |
| Tsarichino | Царичино | 159 |
| Tsarkva | Църква | 364 |
| Zmeevo | Змеево | 347 |
| Total | | 21,832 |

## Demography

The following table shows the change of the population during the last four decades.
Balchik Municipality :
| Year | 1975 | 1985 | 1992 | 2001 | 2005 | 2007 | 2009 | 2011 |
| Population | 24,254 | 23,978 | 22,367 | 22,354 | 22,038 | 21,962 | 21,832 | ... |
| Sources: Census 2001, Census 2011, „pop-stat.mashke.org“, |||||||||

### Religion

According to the latest Bulgarian census of 2011, the religious composition, among those who answered the optional question on religious identification, was the following:
Religious composition of Balchik Municipality
Orthodox Christianity
65.3%
Catholicism
0.5%
Protestantism
0.5%
Islam
20.0%
No religion
4.1%
Prefer not to answer, others and indefinable
9.6% :
# Speckled smooth-hound

The speckled smooth-hound (Mustelus mento) is a houndshark of the family Triakidae. It is found on the continental shelf of the eastern Pacific, between latitudes 0° and 54° S, at depths between 16 and 50 m (52 and 164 ft). It can reach a length of 130 cm (51 in). Collectively with certain other species of shark, it is known as "tollo".

## Description

The speckled smooth-hound is a robust shark with a moderately long, blunt snout, small eyes, short mouth and molar-like teeth without cusps. The trailing edge of the dorsal fins have small, pointed projections. The pectoral fins are large and the pelvic fins moderately large. The caudal peduncle is short and the lower lobe of the tail fin is narrow and slightly curved. The maximum length is about 130 cm (51 in) with maturity being reached by males at about 70 cm (28 in) and females at about 88 cm (35 in). Adults are grey or greyish-brown above and paler below, liberally speckled with white spots. Juveniles have dark bars.

## Distribution

The speckled smooth-hound is found off the Pacific coast of South America, including the Galapagos Islands and the Juan Fernández Islands. Its range extends from the Isla Lobos de Tierra in Peru to the southern tip of Chile. It is a demersal fish and swims close to the seabed on the continental shelf at depths of between 16 and 50 m (52 and 164 ft). Reports of this fish occurring in the Atlantic Ocean off the coast of Argentina are thought to be erroneous, and are likely to refer to the narrownose smooth-hound (Mustelus schmitti), another shark that is speckled with white spots.
* Jaws
* Upper teeth
* Lower teeth

## Biology

The speckled smooth-hound is ovoviviparous with eggs that develop within the female and hatch into juvenile fish which are about 30 cm (12 in) at birth. Litter sizes are typically seven.

## Status

Along with the humpback smooth-hound (Mustelus whitneyi) and the spotted houndshark (Triakis maculata), this fish is known to local fisheries as "tollo" and is caught by artisan fishermen using gill nets. Landings in Chile peaked in 1989 at around 1300 tons but have since dwindled to less than 200 tons a year, with fish stocks declining and a transfer of the fisheries to targeting rays. In 2001, the Peruvian authorities introduced a minimum size requirement of 60 cm (24 in) for tollo. The speckled smooth-hound is assessed by the IUCN as being "critically endangered".
# Reg Weaver

Reg Weaver is an American labor leader who served as president of the National Education Association. He is vice president of Education International.
A graduate of Danville High School in Illinois, he holds degrees from Illinois State University and Roosevelt University. He completed his second term as NEA president on August 31, 2008.
# Neo A4

Neo A4 (stylized as NEO a4) was a Canadian rock band that formed in Edmonton, Alberta that was active from 1981 to 1990.
The band consisted of Ric Johnston (lead vocals, guitar), Joel Anderson (percussion, vocals) and John Tidswell (bass, keyboards), with bassist and keyboardist Doug Ranford joining the band after their relocation to Toronto in 1987.

## History

Neo A4 was established in 1981 in Edmonton as a trio, featuring Ric Johnston as the band's lead vocalist and guitarist, Joel Anderson on drums and backing vocals, and John Tidswell on bass and keyboards. The band took its name from philosopher P. D. Ouspensky's theories on the fourth dimension.
The band independently released the EP What's Up in 1983, and their first full-length album, The Warmer Side Of You in 1985. The band won an Alberta Recording Industry Association award for best group of the year in 1986 and were nominated as Best Independent Artist at the CASBY Awards that same year.
In 1987 Neo A4 relocated to Toronto, signed with the Duke Street Records, and released the album Desire that same year. Bassist and keyboardist Doug Ranford joined the band in 1988 for their follow-up, self-titled album, NEO a4, allowing Tidswell to move from playing bass to guitar. The album was produced by English recording engineer and record producer Colin Thurston, known for his work on David Bowie's "Heroes", Iggy Pop's Lust for Life and Duran Duran's debut album. The album marked the band's transition to a less-experimental and more pop-oriented sound. The tracks "One's Enough", "Say This to Me" and "Only A fool", all charted in Canada.
In 1989 they released The Hardway, whose singles "That's the Way" and "Calling You" made the top 100 Canadian singles and top CanCon singles charts respectively, but the band did not find the level of success that they had hoped for, and found the cost of living in Toronto to be too expensive. The band dissolved in 1990, with Tidswell returning to Alberta, Johnston relocating to Penticton, British Columbia and Anderson remaining in Toronto and joining the Leslie Spit Treeo.

## Discography

* What's Up EP (1983)
* The Warmer Side Of You (1985)
* Desire (1987)
* NEO a4 (1988)
* The Hard Way (1989)

### Singles

| Year | Title | Peak chart positions | Peak chart positions | Album |
| Year | Title | CAN | CAN Content (CanCon) | Album |
| 1987 | "Desire" | — | — | Desire |
| 1988 | "If It Was You" | — | — | NEO a4 |
| 1988 | "One's Enough" | — | 23 | NEO a4 |
| 1988 | "Say This to Me" | 54 | 8 | NEO a4 |
| 1988 | "Only A Fool" | 91 | 21 | NEO a4 |
| 1989 | "Calling You" | — | 2 | The Hard Way |
| 1989 | "That's The Way" | 53 | — | The Hard Way |
| "—" denotes a recording that did not chart. |||||
# Athletics at the 1966 British Empire and Commonwealth Games – Women's 80 metres hurdles

The women's 80 metres hurdles event at the 1966 British Empire and Commonwealth Games was held on 11 and 13 August at the Independence Park in Kingston, Jamaica. It was the last time that the distance was contested at the Games: in 1970 it was replaced by the 100 metres hurdles.

## Medalists

Medallists :
| Gold | Silver | Bronze |
| Pam Kilborn Australia | Carmen Smith Jamaica | Jenny Wingerson Canada |

## Results
### Heats
#### Qualification for final

The first 4 in each heat (Q) qualified directly for the final.

#### Wind speed

Heat 1: ? m/s, Heat 2: +0.5 m/s
Heats results :
| Rank | Heat | Name | Nationality | Time | Notes |
| 1 | 1 | Catherine Chapman | Canada | 11.1 | Q |
| 2 | 1 | Carmen Smith | Jamaica | 11.1 | Q |
| 3 | 1 | Patricia Pryce | England | 11.3 | Q |
| 4 | 1 | Violet Odogwu | Nigeria | 11.5 | Q |
| 5 | 1 | Diana Monks | Kenya | 11.6 | |
| 6 | 1 | Thora Best | Trinidad and Tobago | 11.9 | |
| | 1 | Mary Rand | England | DNS | |
| | 1 | Millicent Jackson | Sierra Leone | DNS | |
| 1 | 2 | Pam Kilborn | Australia | 10.8 | Q |
| 2 | 2 | Jenny Wingerson | Canada | 11.0 | Q |
| 3 | 2 | Brenda Matthews | New Zealand | 11.1 | Q |
| 4 | 2 | Ann Wilson | England | 11.2 | Q |
| 5 | 2 | Rose Hart | Ghana | 11.3 | |
| 6 | 2 | Doreldene Pagan | Jamaica | 11.4 | |

### Final
#### Wind speed

0.0 m/s
Final results :
| Rank | Name | Nationality | Time |
| | Pam Kilborn | Australia | 10.9 |
| | Carmen Smith | Jamaica | 11.0 |
| | Jenny Wingerson | Canada | 11.0 |
| 4 | Catherine Chapman | Canada | 11.1 |
| 5 | Patricia Pryce | England | 11.1 |
| 6 | Ann Wilson | England | 11.2 |
| 7 | Brenda Matthews | New Zealand | 11.3 |
| 8 | Violet Odogwu | Nigeria | 11.5 |
# Kolonia Złotki

Kolonia Złotki is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Sadowne, within Węgrów County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland.
# Saint-Laurent-de-Cognac

Saint-Laurent-de-Cognac (French pronunciation:, literally Saint-Laurent of Cognac; Occitan: Sent Laurenç de Conhac) is a commune in the Charente department, southwestern France.
# Valens (disambiguation)

Valens was a Roman emperor (364–378).
Valens may also refer to:
* Valens (usurper), probably Iulius Valens Licinianus, usurper (250) under emperor Decius
* Valerius Valens, Roman emperor (316–317) co-emperor of Licinius
* Valens, Ontario, a hamlet within Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
* Valens, Switzerland, a resort in the canton of St. Gallen
* Valens Semiconductor, an Israeli semiconductor company producing chips for the HDBaseT video standard
* Valens, a protagonist in Gladius

## People with the name

* Fabius Valens, Roman general under Emperor Nero (died 69)
* Vettius Valens, astrologer (died c. 175)
* Valens Thessalonicus, usurper under Emperor Gallienus (261)
* Valens of Mursa (4th century AD), was bishop of Mursa (Osijek in modern Croatia) and a supporter of Homoian (semi-arianism) theology
* Valens Acidalius (1567–1595), was a German critic and poet
* Valens Comyn (1688–1751), was an English merchant and administrator and politician
* Valens Muhakwa, Rwandan politician
* Ritchie Valens (1941–1959), American rock music pioneer
* Chloe Valens, a character in Tales of Legendia
# El Pilar Fault System

The El Pilar Fault System (Spanish: Falla El Pilar) is a complex of geological faults located in state of Sucre in northern Venezuela. The fault system is of right-lateral strike-slip type and has an east–west orientation. Motion along the fault is largely transferred to the Warm Springs Fault in Trinidad Island.
# Leslie Hollis

General Sir Leslie Chasemore Hollis, KCB, KBE (9 February 1897 – 9 August 1963) was a Royal Marines officer who served as Commandant General Royal Marines from 1949 to 1952.

## Military career

Hollis was commissioned into the Royal Marine Light Infantry in 1914 and served in the First World War in the Grand Fleet and the Harwich Force.
Between the wars he attended the Royal Naval College, Greenwich, from 1927 to 1928, and later served on the staff of the Commander-in-Chief Africa Station and of the Plans Division at the Admiralty before being appointed assistant secretary of the Committee of Imperial Defence in 1936.
He served in the Second World War as senior assistant secretary in the War Cabinet Office. He was present at virtually every major decision during that period, attending all the major conferences—Washington, Cairo, Tehran, Yalta and Potsdam—and was instrumental in establishing what became known as the Cabinet War Rooms (now known the Churchill War Rooms).
After the war Hollis became deputy secretary (military) to the Cabinet in 1947 and Commandant General Royal Marines in 1949. He was credited with saving the Royal Marines from being disbanded and retired in July 1952.
# Skolopoeis

Skolopoeis was a town of ancient Ionia.
There was a sanctuary of the Eleusinian Demeter (Ancient Greek: Δήμητρος Ἐλευσινίης).
Its site is located near Doğanbey, Asiatic Turkey.
# Kassandreia

Kassandreia (Greek: Κασσάνδρεια, Kassándreia), known as Valta before 1955 (Βάλτα, Válta, meaning "town in the swamps"), is a town and a community in Chalkidiki, northern Greece. It is the seat of the municipality of Kassandra, in the center of the peninsula. Its population was 3,158 at the 2021 census. It was named after the ancient city Cassandreia, which was located near the village. This ancient city, which had originally been called Potidaea, was enlarged by Cassander who became the ruler of Macedonia for a number of years, and named after him. It is probably at this time that the channel that separates this peninsula from the mainland was dredged, to aid naval activities. The ancient name has now been revived for the modern small town that has been built on the site of the ancient Cassandreia, and it is called 'New Potidaea', or in Greek Nea Potidaia.
# Predil Pass

The Predil Pass or Predel Pass (Italian: Passo di Predil; Slovene: Predel, pronounced) (el. 1156 m) is a high mountain pass on the border between Italy and Slovenia.

## Geography

The pass is located in the Julian Alps, between the peaks of Mount Mangart to the north and Mount Kanin to the south. It connects Cave del Predil, part of the Italian municipality of Tarvisio in the northwest, with the Municipality of Bovec in the Upper Soča (Isonzo) Valley in Slovenia.
On the Italian side, state highway no. 54 (del Friuli) leads from Tarvisio and the Canal Valley along Slizza Creek to Lake Predil, where the route to the Sella Nevea Pass in the south branches off, and uphill to the Predil crest. On the Slovenian side, road no. 203 runs downhill to Log pod Mangartom and continues to Bovec. The village of Strmec na Predelu lies just below the border crossing.

## History

The road was built from 1319 onwards by the citizens of Cividale in the Patriarchate of Aquileia with the consent of the Prince-Bishops of Bamberg, then the possessors of the Carinthian lands in the north. However, the importance of the trade route diminished after the Aquileia territory in the south was incorporated into the Domini di Terraferma by the Republic of Venice in 1420.
Since 1754 the Predil Pass marked the border between the Duchy of Carinthia with the lands of the Princely County of Gorizia and Gradisca (part of the Austrian Littoral from 1849) in the southeast, both part of the Habsburg monarchy. During the War of the Fifth Coalition, an Austrian contingent under Captain Johann Hermann von Hermannsdorf on 18 May 1809 fought against the French forces moving from the Kingdom of Italy upon the Battle of Tarvis. Hermannsdorf was killed in battle, in 1851 a memorial was erected in his honour.
In 1903 a 4.5 km (2.8 mi) long tunnel (Štoln) was built beneath the pass, serving miners from Log pod Mangartom on their way to the lead mines in Cave del Predil. In World War I the mine railway was used to supply the Austro-Hungarian Army in the Battles of the Isonzo against the Kingdom of Italy.

## Gallery

* West view from the pass, showing Lake Predil
* Fortification on the Italian side of the pass
* Austrian fort on the Slovenian side of the pass
* Monument to troops killed at the pass in 1809
* Grave of Austrian troops killed at the pass in 1809
* Tunnel entrance in Log pod Mangartom
# Balam

B'alam, Balam, Balaam, B'ahlam, Bahlam, Bahlum or Bolom may refer to:

## In Maya history and culture

* A Maya language name for "jaguar"; see Jaguars in Mesoamerican cultures

### Maya rulers

* Itzamnaaj Bʼalam (r. ca. 697), ruler of Dos Pilas (a.k.a. "Shield Jaguar")
* Itzamnaaj Bʼalam I (r. ca. 4thC ?), ruler of Yaxchilan (a.k.a. "Shield Jaguar I")
* Itzamnaaj Bahlam II (r. 647–742), ruler of Yaxchilan (a.k.a. "Shield Jaguar II (the Great)")
* Itzamnaaj Bahlam III (r. 769–800?), ruler of Yaxchilan (a.k.a. "Shield Jaguar III")
* Kan Bahlam I (r. 572–583), ruler of Palenque
* Kaloomteʼ Bahlam (r. ca. 511–527), 19th dynastic ruler of Tikal (a.k.a. "Curl Head")
* Kaybʼil Bʼalam (r. early 16thC), Postclassic ruler of the Mam Maya people of the northern Guatemalan highland region at the time of the Spanish conquest
* Kʼinich Kan Bahlam II (r. 683–702), ruler of Palenque, son of K'inich Janaab' Pakal ("Pacal the Great")
* Kʼinich Kʼukʼ Bahlam II (fl. c. 765), ruler of Palenque
* Kʼukʼ Bahlam I (r. 431–435), ruler of Palenque and founder of the state's dynastic line
* Yopaat Bʼalam I (r. 359–?), ruler of Yaxchilan, founder of the state's dynastic line
* Yopaat Bʼalam II (r. ca. 749), ruler of Yaxchilan

### Maya polities and archaeological sites

* Bʼalam (Maya polity), a Classic-era Maya state, known from inscriptions but whose location is not determined
* Balamdzay, archaeological site in the Puuc region
* Balamku, archaeological site in central Yucatán Peninsula
* Balamtun, archaeological site in the Petén Basin region

### Other uses in Maya culture

* Casa Na Bolom, a non-profit foundation for the advancement of the indigenous Maya peoples of Chiapas, Mexico

## Arts and media

* Balam (magazine), a magazine of Latin American photography based in Buenos Aires, Argentina
* Balam (1949 film), a 1949 Hindi film
* Balam (1969 film), a 1969 South Korean film
* Balam (2009 film), a 2009 Tamil romantic drama film
* Balamory, a British children's show

## Other people

* Balam (singer), Bangladeshi singer and composer
* Balaam, a prophet in the Torah
* David D. Balam, Canadian astronomer
* Richard Balam, mathematician

## Other uses

* Asteroid 3749 Balam
* Balam, Iran, a village in Khuzestan Province, Iran
* Balam (demon), in Judeo-Christian tradition
# José Martí Pioneer Organization

José Martí Pioneer Organization (Spanish: Organización de Pioneros José Martí - OPJM) is a Cuban youth organization established in 1961, created as a replacement for the banned Asociación de Scouts de Cuba. The organization gets its name from Cuban writer and national hero José Martí.

## Overview

The José Martí Pioneer Organization groups primary and secondary students, until 9th grade. The initiation takes place with a traditional act of giving a neckerchief, blue or red depending on the student's level; from that moment it forms a part of the scholastic uniform. In high school the neckerchief is replaced by a badge consisting of the bars with colors of the national flag and to the right, Che's signature; the symbol measures approximately 1.5 cm by 10 cm, in some cases is the symbol of the high school, and sewn directly on the white uniform shirt. These are organized into three sub-age groups per grade level. Pioneers from the 1st to 3rd grades are Moncada Pioneers (Pionero Moncadista), while 4th to 9th graders are the regular Pioneers, split into junior ranks (Grades 4 to 6) and senior ranks (Grades 7 to 9).
The OPJM counts a section of exploration and camping named "Explorers Pioneers Movement" (Movimiento de Pioneros Exploradores, MPE).
In 2001 it was elected to the Global 500 Roll of Honour of the United Nations Environment Programme for its environmental activities.
Its motto is: "Pioneers for communism: Let us be like Che!" (Pioneros para el comunismo: ¡Seamos como el Che!)

## Gallery

* Old logo of the "Pioneers Explorers Movement", part of OPJM
* Che's signature
# Thrasybulus of Miletus

Tyrants of Miletus :
| Late 8th or 7th c.BCE | Amphitres |
| 7th century BCE | Thrasybulus |
| 6th century BCE | Thoas |
| 6th century BCE | Damasanor |
| c. 518-514 BCE | Histiaeus |
| c. 513-499 BCE | Aristagoras |
| 3rd century BCE | Timarchus |
vte :
Thrasybulus (Greek: Θρασύβουλος ὁ Μιλήσιος) was the tyrant of Miletus in the 7th century BC. Under his rule, Miletus fought a lengthy war against Lydia. This war ended without a decisive victor (a result that Herodotus credits to Thrasybulus's tricking Alyattes into making peace.). Following the war, Miletus and Lydia concluded an alliance.
Thrasybulus was an ally of Periander, the tyrant of Corinth. He features in a famous anecdote from Herodotus's Histories, in which a messenger from Periander asks Thrasybulus for advice on ruling. Thrasybulus, instead of responding, takes the messenger for a walk in a field of wheat, where he proceeds to cut off all of the best and tallest ears of wheat. The message, correctly interpreted by Periander, was that a wise ruler would preempt challenges to his rule by "removing" those prominent men who might be powerful enough to challenge him; this story gave the name to tall poppy syndrome.
# Salajan

Salajan (Persian: سلاجان, also Romanized as Salājān) is a village in Otaqvar Rural District, Otaqvar District, Langarud County, Gilan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 41, in 9 families.
# Sidi Amrane

Sidi Amrane (Arabic: ﺳﻴﺪي ﻋﻤﺮان) (also written Sīdī Amran) is a town and commune in Djamaa District, El M'Ghair Province, Algeria, 5 kilometres (3.1 mi) south of Djamaa. According to the 2008 census it has a population of 21,772, up from 18,732 in 1998, and an annual growth rate of 1.5%.

## Climate

Sidi Amrane has a hot desert climate (Köppen climate classification BWh), with very hot summers and mild winters. Rainfall is light and sporadic, and summers are particularly dry.

## Transportation

Sidi Amrane is connect by two short local roads to the national highway N3; one road leads directly west, and the other leads north through Djamaa. The N3 runs from Biskra in the north to Touggourt in the south. There is also a station on the Biskra-Touggourt railway line at Djamaa.

## Education

5.8% of the population has a tertiary education, and another 17.2% has completed secondary education. The overall literacy rate is 78.4%, and is 85.1% among males and 72.1% among females.

## Localities

The commune of Sidi Amrane is composed of six localities:
* Sidi Amrane
* Aïn Choucha
* Tamerna Djedida
* Tamerna Guedima
* Zaoualia
* Chémora
# Mordovsky District

Mordovsky District (Russian: Мордо́вский райо́н) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the twenty-three in Tambov Oblast, Russia. It is located in the southwest of the oblast. The district borders with Petrovsky District in the north, Tokaryovsky District in the east, and Dobrinsky District of Lipetsk Oblast in the south and west. The area of the district is 1,455 square kilometers (562 sq mi). Its administrative center is the urban locality (a work settlement) of Mordovo. Population: 19,375 (2010 Census); 23,671 (2002 Census); 28,522 (1989 Soviet census). The population of Mordovo accounts for 33.7% of the district's total population.
# Sibyna

A sibyna (Ancient Greek: Σιβύνη and Συβίνη and Συβήνη and Σιβύνιον and Ζιβύνη) was a type of spear used for hunting or warfare (see boar spears) in ancient times.
A long heavy spear the Illyrians used was described by the poet Ennius according to Festius. Hesychius of Alexandria, (5th century) calls it similar to a spear. Suda lexicon (10th century) calls it a Roman javelin.