OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Slivo Pole Municipality

Slivo Pole Municipality (Bulgarian: Община Сливо поле) is a municipality (obshtina) in Ruse Province, Northeastern Bulgaria, located along the right bank of Danube river in the Danubian Plain. It is named after its administrative centre - the town of Slivo Pole.
The municipality embraces a territory of 276 km$^2$ with a population of 11,635 inhabitants, as of December 2009.
The main road II-21 crosses the area from west to east, connecting the province centre of Ruse with the city of Silistra.

## Settlements

Slivo Pole Municipality includes the following 11 places (towns are shown in bold):
| Town/Village | Cyrillic | Population (December 2009) |
| Slivo Pole | Сливо поле | 3,169 |
| Babovo | Бабово | 521 |
| Borisovo | Борисово | 787 |
| Brashlen | Бръшлен | 354 |
| Chereshovo | Черешово | 190 |
| Golyamo Vranovo | Голямо Враново | 1,688 |
| Kosharna | Кошарна | 626 |
| Malko Vranovo | Малко Враново | 984 |
| Ryahovo | Ряхово | 1,715 |
| Stambolovo | Стамболово | 697 |
| Yudelnik | Юделник | 904 |
| Total | | 11,635 |

## Demography

The following table shows the change of the population during the last four decades.
Slivo Pole Municipality :
| Year | 1975 | 1985 | 1992 | 2001 | 2005 | 2007 | 2009 | 2011 |
| Population | 19,873 | 18,121 | 14,658 | 12,912 | 12,381 | 12,087 | 11,635 | ... |
| Sources: Census 2001, Census 2011, „pop-stat.mashke.org“, |||||||||

### Religion

According to the latest Bulgarian census of 2011, the religious composition, among those who answered the optional question on religious identification, was the following:
Religious composition of Slivo Pole Municipality
Orthodox Christianity
42.3%
Catholicism
0.0%
Protestantism
0.3%
Islam
48.8%
No religion
3.7%
Prefer not to answer, others and indefinable
4.9% :
# Khaled Ghaloum

Khaled Ghaloum (born 18 January 1958) is a Kuwaiti athlete. He competed in the men's hammer throw at the 1980 Summer Olympics.
# Ashy-headed green pigeon

The ashy-headed green pigeon (Treron phayrei) is a pigeon in the genus Treron. It is found from Nepal, northeast India, and Bangladesh to southwest China, Myanmar, Thailand, Laos, and Vietnam. Many authorities split the species from the pompadour green pigeon complex. It has been added to the Red List of IUCN in 2014.

## Behaviour

The ashy-headed green pigeon usually occurs singly or in small groups. Its flight is fast and direct, with the regular beats and an occasional sharp flick of the wings that are characteristic of pigeons in general. It eats the seeds and fruits of a wide variety of plants. It builds a stick nest in a tree and lays two white eggs.
# Mercury Passing Before the Sun

Mercury Passing Before the Sun (Italian: Mercurio transita davanti al sole or Mercurio (che) passa davanti al sole) is the title of a series of paintings by Italian Futurist painter Giacomo Balla, depicting the November 17, 1914, transit of Mercury across the face of the Sun.
Balla, an amateur astronomer, observed the transit through a telescope likely outfitted with a smoked glass filter. His composition, according to daughter Elica Balla, depicts two intersecting views of the event, through the telescope and with the naked eye. Green and white triangles in the painting represent glare and other optical effects observed by Balla. In several versions of the painting, overlapping spirals, suggestive of the telescope body, emanate from the golden-orange orb of the magnified and filtered Sun; these encounter the brilliant white star in the upper left—the Sun as seen with the naked eye.
The painting represents Balla's subjective experience of the event. It exemplifies his transition to a more abstract style, as well as his interest in themes of cosmogony; he uses the opacity of gouache to suggest a dense fusion of cosmic forces. During this period, Balla had begun to experiment with the use of geometric and curving forms and transparent planes to convey movement. Mercury Passing Before the Sun translates the temporal progression of Mercury's transition into a spatial progression, using methods devised by the Cubists.

## Versions

Balla created at least a dozen versions and studies of the painting; the 120 cm × 100 cm (47 in × 39 in) version in tempera, now in the Peggy Guggenheim Collection in Venice, is considered by that gallery to be the "definitive outcome" of these studies. Other versions include:
* A 138 cm × 99 cm (54 in × 39 in) version in tempera on canvas, located at the mumok in Vienna
* A 61 cm × 50.5 cm (24.0 in × 19.9 in) version in oil on canvas, located at the Musée National d'Art Moderne, in Paris
* A 64.8 cm × 50.5 cm (25.5 in × 19.9 in) version in watercolor and graphite on woven paper adhered to canvas, in the Philadelphia Museum of Art
* An 81 cm × 61 cm (32 in × 24 in) study in gouache on paper, sold at auction in 2015 for US$1.69 million to the A. Alfred Taubman Collection (This study, most closely related to the version at the mumok in Vienna, had previously been exhibited in the Vancouver Art Gallery, the Scottish National Gallery of Modern Art in Edinburgh, the Galleria Sprovieri in Rome, the Philippe Daverio Gallery in New York City, and the Galeries nationales du Grand Palais in Paris.)
* A 42.1 cm × 30 cm (16.6 in × 11.8 in) study in pencil and gouache, at the Museum of Modern Art in New York City (though not on exhibit as of 2016)
# Saint-Just-de-Claix

Saint-Just-de-Claix (French pronunciation:; Occitan: Sent Just de Clais) is a commune in the Isère department in southeastern France.
# Stenopus

Stenopus is a genus of swimming decapod crustaceans containing eleven species, including Stenopus hispidus, a common aquarium pet. Stenopus contains the following species:
* Stenopus chrysexanthus Goy, 1992
* Stenopus cyanoscelis Goy, 1984
* Stenopus devaneyi Goy & Randall in Goy, 1984
* Stenopus earlei Goy & Randall in Goy, 1984
* Stenopus goyi Saito, Okuno & Chan, 2009
* Stenopus hispidus (Olivier, 1811)
* Stenopus pyrsonotus Goy & Devaney, 1980
* Stenopus sayaensis Chen & Chan, 2023
* Stenopus scutellatus Rankin, 1898
* Stenopus spinosus Risso, 1826
* Stenopus tenuirostris De Man, 1888
* Stenopus zanzibaricus Bruce, 1976
# Robert Lewis Taylor

Robert Lewis Taylor (September 24, 1912 – September 30, 1998) was an American writer and winner of the 1959 Pulitzer Prize for Fiction.

## Education

Born in Carbondale, Illinois, Taylor attended Southern Illinois University for one year. The university now houses his papers. He graduated from the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign with a bachelor of arts in 1933.

## Career

After college, he became a journalist and won awards for reporting. In 1939, he became a writer for The New Yorker magazine, contributing biographical sketches. His work also appeared in The Saturday Evening Post and Reader's Digest.
From 1942 to 1946, Taylor served in the United States Navy during World War II. During his service, he wrote numerous stories and Adrift in a Boneyard, an extended fiction about survivors of a disaster. In 1949,The Saturday Evening Post commissioned a series of biographical sketches of W. C. Fields. He published them together as W. C. Fields: His Follies and Fortunes. Taylor continued to write fiction and biographies, including one on Winston Churchill.
Taylor's 1958 novel The Travels of Jaimie McPheeters, about a 14-year-old and his father in the California Gold Rush, won the Pulitzer Prize and was purchased for a film, but eventually became a television series, instead. A Journey to Matecumbe was adapted in 1976 as the Disney movie Treasure of Matecumbe. His novel Professor Fodorski served as the basis for the 1962 musical All American.
Taylor died on September 30, 1998.
# Wallowitch & Ross: This Moment

Wallowitch & Ross: This Moment is a 1998 American documentary musical film directed by Richard Morris. The film follows acclaimed composer and cabaret performer John Wallowitch and partner Bertram Ross, Martha Graham's lead dancer and co-director of the Graham Company. The film was shortlisted for the 1999 Academy Award for Best Documentary Feature.

## Development

Wallowitch & Ross: This Moment was produced by Karmic Release Ltd. when costume designer Sue Gandy, a student of Wallowitch's introduced the duo to sister-in-law documentarian Roberta Morris Purdee and husband, actor Nathan Purdee. Filmed and edited in the first half of 1998 the film had its world premiere at the 1998 Palm Springs International Film Festival.

## Reception

The film received overwhelmingly positive reviews going on to be shortlisted for the 1999 Academy Awards. Variety called the film "An exceptionally tender portrait...A throwback to the era of Gershwin, Berlin and Porter." While The New York Times reviewed it as "as much a story of true love as it is a true showbiz story...Hilarious...Outrageous...Sublime!"

## Scandal

The 1998 Awards Season was marred by a number of problematic screenings wherein documentary films already disqualified from consideration were screened for Academy Members in place of works still in contention.

## Music

The film's soundtrack was released by Karmic Release Ltd along with the film and features performances by Wallowitch, Ross, Dixie Carter, Lynn Lobban, and Sue Gandy.

## Legacy

The film has been preserved in both the UCLA and Academy of Motion Pictures Arts and Sciences archives for both its contribution to documentary cinema and LGBTQ representation.
# The New Cambridge History of India

The New Cambridge History of India is a major multi-volume work of historical scholarship published by Cambridge University Press. It replaced The Cambridge History of India published between 1922 and 1937.
The new history is being published as a series of individual works by single authors and, unlike the original, does not form a connected narrative. Also unlike the original, it only covers the period since the fourteenth century. The whole has been planned over four parts:
* Pt. I The Mughals and their Contemporaries.
* Pt. II Indian States and the Transition to Colonialism.
* Pt. III The Indian Empire and the beginnings of Modern Society.
* Pt. IV The Evolution of Contemporary South Asia.

## Titles
### The Mughals and their Contemporaries

* Pearson, M. N. (1987). The Portuguese in India. p. 198.
* Stein, Burton (1989). Vijayanagara. p. 167.
* Beach, Milo Cleveland (1992). Mughal and Rajput Painting. p. 336.
* Asher, Catherine B. (1992). Architecture of Mughal India. p. 386.
* Richards, John F. (1995). The Mughal Empire. p. 337.
* Michell, George (1995). Architecture and Art of Southern India: Vijayanagara and the Successor States 1350–1750. p. 316.
* Michell, George; Zebrowski, Mark (1999). Architecture and Art of the Deccan Sultanate. p. 328.
* Eaton, Richard M. (2005). A Social History of the Deccan, 1300–1761 Eight Indian Lives. p. 236.

### Indian States and the Transition to Colonialism

* Bayly, Christopher Alan (1988). Indian society and the making of the British Empire. p. 225.
* Marshall, P. J. (1987). Bengal: The British Bridgehead. Eastern India 1740–1828. p. 204.
* Grewal, J. S. (1990). The Sikhs of the Punjab. p. 293.
* Gordon, Stewart (1993). The Marathas 1600–1818. p. 211.
* Prakash, Om (1998). European commercial enterprise in pre-colonial India. p. 383.

### The Indian Empire and the Beginnings of Modern Society

* Jones, Kenneth W. (1989). Socio-religious reform movements in British India. p. 246.
* Bose, Sugata (1993). Peasant Labour and Colonial Capital: Rural Bengal since 1770. p. 212.
* Tomlinson, B. R. (1993). The Economy of Modern India, 1860–1970. p. 249.
** Second edition:Tomlinson, B. R. (2013). The Economy of Modern India: From 1860 to the Twenty-First Century.
* Metcalf, Thomas R. (1995). Ideologies of the Raj. p. 252.
* Arnold, David (2000). Science, Technology and Medicine in Colonial India. p. 248.
* Ramusack, Barbara N. (2004). The Indian Princes and Their States. p. 299.

### The Evolution of Contemporary South Asia

* Brass, Paul (1994). The Politics of India since Independence.
* Forbes, Geraldine (1996). Women in Modern India. p. 302.
* Bayly, Susan (1999). Caste, Society and Politics in India from the Eighteenth Century to the Modern Age. p. 426.
* Ludden, David (1999). An Agrarian History of South Asia. p. 261.
# The Secret of Red Gate Farm

* Children's literature portal
* Novels portal
The Secret of Red Gate Farm is the sixth volume in the Nancy Drew Mystery Stories series, written under the pseudonym Carolyn Keene, It was first published in 1931.

## Front Flyleaf

There is no front flyleaf for the 1989 edition of this book, which is the most recent edition.

## Plot Summary - 1931 edition

Out on a leisurely shopping trip, Nancy, Bess and George encounter an odd French-Chinese perfume saleswoman, who is reluctant to sell a particular fragrance to Bess. On a return train trip to River Heights, they ponder her odd behavior and encounter the malnourished Millie (Joanne in the later versions of the book) Byrd, who is on her way to "the city" to seek employment. Millie becomes acquainted with the girls, and when Nancy accompanies her to a job interview, she uncovers a mysterious code in the office. Millie's grandmother, owner of Red Gate Farm, welcomes the trio and Millie to her farm where they plan to vacation as paid boarders, and assist with waiting on other boarders.
Once on the farm, Nancy uncovers a strange group called The Black Snake Colony—a "nature cult"—who are tenants on an outlying portion of Mrs. Byrd's farm. Accused of passing counterfeit money, Nancy shares details of the odd colony and the codes obtained in the office building with Federal agents. Nancy, Bess, George, and Millie go undercover disguised in the white robes and hoods worn by the cult members, and join them in their cave hideaway. This volume also serves to further develop the Bess and George characters, and their affectionate yet sometimes antagonistic relationship.

## 1961 revision

For the 1961 version of the book, the plot elements did not change much. Millie's name is now Joanne. George is bitten by a snake, and one of the federal agents is the son of a boarder at Red Gate Farm. Al Sniggs, gruff right-hand man of Maurice Hale, is now named Al Snead.

## Artwork

The original cover art and four illustrations were executed by R.H. Tandy. He updated his own frontispiece to pen and ink in 1943. In 1950, Bill Gillies introduced new art which was prominently featured in promotions and advertisements, as well as on one-half of Rudy Nappi's endpaper design, introduced in 1953. The iconic image is of Nancy spying on a cave from behind a tree. Because the story is nearly the same as the original version, the art was retained when the 1961 revision was introduced. It was never revised again, and remains in print as of 2009. Various editions have come under criticism from adult collectors, mainly because the costumes worn by the Colony members resemble KKK apparel.
# Ambroży Mieroszewski

Ambroży Mieroszewski (1802–1884) was a Polish painter who was Frédéric Chopin's first known portraitist.

## Life

Mieroszewski was active in Warsaw, in the Kingdom of Poland, at least as early as 1829.

## Works

Mieroszewski's works included oil portraits, painted in 1829, of composer Frédéric Chopin (the earliest known portrait of him); his parents — Nicolas Chopin (1771–1844) and Justyna Chopin, née Krzyżanowska (1782–1861); the older sister of Fryderyk (as he then was) Ludwika (1807–1855), and his younger sister Izabela (1811–1881). In that same year, Mieroszewski also painted a portrait of the Fryderyk's first professional piano teacher, Wojciech Żywny.
All six portraits were the property of Laura Ciechomska of Warsaw when they were lost in the opening days of World War II, in September 1939. Only black-and-white photographs of them survive, though attempts have been made to reconstruct the paintings in color—the portrait of Fryderyk (Frédéric), in 1968 by Anna Chamiec; the other Chopin family members, in 1969 by Jan Zamoyski; and Wojciech Żywny, in 1969 by Jadwiga Kunicka-Bogacka.
* Nicolas Chopin
* Justyna Chopin
* Ludwika Chopin
* Fryderyk Chopin
* Izabela Chopin
The set of five 1829 portraits of the surviving members of the Chopin family (the youngest child, Emilia, had died of tuberculosis at age 14 in 1827) were painted about a year before Fryderyk would leave Warsaw and his native land forever in November 1830.
The 19-year-old composer's portrait provides unique iconographic evidence of the state of his health this early into his precocious career. In 1913 Édouard Ganche wrote that the portrait shows "a youth threatened by tuberculosis. His skin is very white, he has a prominent Adam's apple and sunken cheeks, even his ears show a form characteristic of consumptives." His younger sister Emilia had already died of tuberculosis in 1827, and his father would do so in 1844.
# Challenge Cup (Austria-Hungary)

The Challenge Cup (German: Challenge-Cup, Hungarian: Challenge Kupa) was an international competition for football clubs of the Austro-Hungarian Empire that ran from 1897 to 1911.

## History

It was conceived in 1897 in Vienna by John Gramlick, who was one of the founders of Vienna Cricket and Football-Club. The competition was open for all clubs in the Austro-Hungarian Empire, but practically all the participating teams came from the three major cities Vienna, Budapest and Prague. It was played in a knockout format.
The trophy was to be kept by the first team to win it in three consecutive seasons. In 1903 the rule was changed and the trophy is now in the possession of its last winner Wiener Sport-Club. The Challenge Cup ceased in 1911. Today it is seen as the predecessor to the Austrian Cup (first held in 1918) and the Mitropa Cup, established in 1927.

## Champions
### List of finals

| Season | Champion | Score | Runner-up |
| 1897–98 | Vienna Cricket | 7–0 | Wiener FC 1898 |
| 1898–99 | First Vienna | 4–1 | AC Viktoria Wien |
| 1899–1900 | First Vienna | 2–0 | Vienna Cricket |
| 1900–01 | Wiener AC | 1–0 | SK Slavia Prague |
| 1901–02 | Vienna Cricket | 2–1 | Budapesti TC |
| 1902–03 | Wiener AC | w/o | ČAFC Královské |
| 1903–04 | Wiener AC | 7–0 | Vienna Cricket |
| 1904–05 | Wiener SC | 2–1 | Magyar AC |
| 1905–06 | (Not held) | (Not held) | (Not held) |
| 1906–07 | (Not held) | (Not held) | (Not held) |
| 1907–08 | (Not held) | (Not held) | (Not held) |
| 1908–09 | Ferencváros | 2–1 | Wiener Sport-Club |
| 1909–10 | Not Held | Not Held | Not Held |
| 1910–11 | Wiener SC | 3–0 | Ferencváros |

### Titles by club

| Country | Club | Titles | Winning season |
| Austria | Wiener AC | 3 | 1901, 1903, 1904 |
| Austria | Vienna Cricket FC | 2 | 1898, 1902 |
| Austria | Wiener Sport-Club | 2 | 1905, 1911 |
| Austria | First Vienna FC | 2 | 1899, 1900 |
| Hungary | Ferencváros | 1 | 1909 |

### Titles by country

| Country | Titles |
| Austria | 9 |
| Hungary | 1 |
# Quissac, Gard

Quissac (French pronunciation:; Occitan: Quiçac) is a commune in the Gard department in southern France.
# Omanthai Central College

Omanthai Central College (Tamil: ஓமந்தை மத்திய கல்லூரி Ōmantai Mattiya Kallūri) is a provincial school in Omanthai, Sri Lanka.
# Hisatsugu

Hisatsugu (Japanese: 久嗣 or 尚嗣) is a masculine Japanese given name. Notable people with the name include:
* Hisatsugu Suzuki (born 1970), Japanese sprinter
* Konoe Hisatsugu (1622–1653), son of regent Nobuhiro and court noble of the Edo period
# Mizugumo

Mizugumo (Japanese: 水蜘蛛, lit. 'water spider') was a water crossing device used by ninja. In one description a device was worn like a harness around the hips and had small air pockets to keep the ninja afloat. Another description says that two were used and worn like shoes. The pockets were usually made of animal hide.
In an episode of MythBusters, another mizugumo made of wood and rope which was attached to the feet was tested. This was deemed to be 'busted' for walking on water, though possibly effective for rice paddies or marshy areas.
# Markava

Markava (Belarusian: Маркава; Russian: Марково, romanized: Markovo) may refer to the following places in Belarus:
* Markava, Hlybokaye District, a village in Hlybokaye District, Vitebsk Region
* Markava, Maladzyechna District, an agrotown in Maladzyechna District, Minsk Region
* Markava, Shumilina District, a village in Shumilina District, Vitebsk Region
# Ronnie Haliburton

Ronnie Haliburton (born April 14, 1968) is a former American football tight end. He played for the Denver Broncos from 1990 to 1991. He was drafted in the sixth round of the 1990 NFL Draft by the Denver Broncos.
# Tepesomoto–Pataste Nature Reserve

Tepesomoto–Pataste Nature Reserve (Spanish: Reserva Natural Tepesomoto Pataste) is a nature reserve in Nicaragua. It is one of the 78 reserves that are under official protection in the country.
The reserve covers the mountain ridge running from Tepesomoto Volcano overlooking Somoto in the north, to the summit of Pataste near Las Sabanas in the south, that forms a natural barrier between the departments of Madriz and Estelí. It reaches heights of around 1700 metres at the two peaks of Tepesomoto and Pataste.
# Bessèges

Bessèges (French pronunciation:; Occitan: Besseja) is a commune in the Gard department in France. It is situated on the river Cèze.

## History

Historically Bessèges was a hamlet of Robiac. Its importance began with the opening of a coal mine in 1809, followed by an iron and steel plant in 1833, and eventually the railway reached it in 1857. The commune was created in 1857 from parts of Gagnières and Robiac-Rochessadoule.
At its peak in the late 19th century, the population was over 11,000. However, during the 20th century it declined and eventually the mine was abandoned in 1964, and the steel-works in 1987. Today its economy is based on tourism, and it is home to the Étoile de Bessèges road bicycle race.

## Population

| Year | Pop. | ±% p.a. |
| 1861 | 7,055 | — |
| 1866 | 8,671 | +4.21% |
| 1872 | 8,908 | +0.45% |
| 1876 | 10,668 | +4.61% |
| 1881 | 11,404 | +1.34% |
| 1886 | 10,653 | −1.35% |
| 1891 | 8,673 | −4.03% |
| 1896 | 7,962 | −1.70% |
| 1901 | 9,040 | +2.57% |
| 1906 | 8,219 | −1.89% |
| 1911 | 8,030 | −0.46% |
| 1921 | 6,368 | −2.29% |
| 1926 | 7,062 | +2.09% |
| Year | Pop. | ±% p.a. |
| 1931 | 6,357 | −2.08% |
| 1936 | 5,425 | −3.12% |
| 1946 | 5,648 | +0.40% |
| 1954 | 5,823 | +0.38% |
| 1962 | 5,720 | −0.22% |
| 1968 | 5,421 | −0.89% |
| 1975 | 5,255 | −0.44% |
| 1982 | 4,352 | −2.66% |
| 1990 | 3,635 | −2.23% |
| 1999 | 3,137 | −1.62% |
| 2007 | 3,196 | +0.23% |
| 2012 | 3,051 | −0.92% |
| 2017 | 2,844 | −1.40% |
Source: EHESS and INSEE (1968-2017) :
# Kryvka

Kryvka (Ukrainian: Кривка, Polish: Krywka) is a village (selo) in Sambir Raion, Lviv Oblast, in south-west Ukraine. It belongs to Borynia settlement hromada, one of the hromadas of Ukraine.
Kryvka was established as a private village in the late 15th century. An Orthodox church was mentioned here in 1561. There is a Saint Nicholais Orthodox church, built in 1928 in the Ukrainian national style. The older Greek Catholic church built here in 1765 was moved to the open-air museum in Lviv in 1930.
Until 18 July 2020, Kryvka belonged to Turka Raion. The raion was abolished in July 2020 as part of the administrative reform of Ukraine, which reduced the number of raions of Lviv Oblast to seven. The area of Turka Raion was merged into Sambir Raion.
# Sand equivalent test

The sand equivalent test quantifies the relative abundance of sand versus clay in soil. It is measured by standardized test methods such as ASTM D2419, AASHTO T176, and EN 933–8. The test is used to qualify aggregates for applications where sand is desirable but fines and dust are not. A higher sand equivalent value indicates that there is less clay‐like material in a sample.
During the test, material from the test specimen that can pass through a No. 4 sieve is mixed with solutions of calcium chloride, formaldehyde and glycerin in a cylinder. The content is then left for sedimentation. After about 20 minutes, the level of clay suspension and the sand level is read on the cylinder scale.