OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Kamianka, Lviv Oblast

Kamianka (Ukrainian: Ка́м'янка; until 1952 Ukrainian: Ри́сяча я́ма, Rysya Yama, lit. Lynx Pit; Polish: Kamionka) is a village (selo) in Stryi Raion, Lviv Oblast, of Western Ukraine. It belongs to Skole urban hromada, one of the hromadas of Ukraine. Local government is administered by Kamiantska village council.
The village is in southern part in Lviv Oblast in the Ukrainian Carpathians, within the limits of the Eastern Beskids (Skole Beskids). The village is 112 kilometres (70 mi) from the regional center of Lviv, 26 kilometres (16 mi) from the city of Skole, and 170 kilometres (110 mi) from Uzhhorod. Downstream along the Kamianka are the Kamyanetskiy Falls, a hydrological natural monument of Ukraine.
The first written mention of Kamianka dates back from 1774.
Until 18 July 2020, Kamianka belonged to Skole Raion. The raion was abolished in July 2020 as part of the administrative reform of Ukraine, which reduced the number of raions of Lviv Oblast to seven. The area of Skole Raion was merged into Stryi Raion.
# 1676 in science

The year 1676 in science and technology involved some significant events.

## Astronomy

* Summer – The Royal Greenwich Observatory, designed by Christopher Wren, is completed near London.
* December 7 – Danish astronomer Ole Rømer measures the speed of light by observing the eclipses of Jupiter's moons, obtaining a speed of 140,000 miles per second (approximately 25% too slow).
* Edmond Halley arrives on the island of Saint Helena, having left the University of Oxford, and sets up an astronomical observatory to catalogue stars from the Southern Hemisphere.

## Biology

* Antony Van Leeuwenhoek discovers bacteria, observed with the microscope.
* Francis Willughby's Ornithologiae is published by John Ray, the foundation of scientific ornithology.

## Medicine

* William Briggs publishes an anatomy of the eye (the first in England), Ophthalmographia, at Cambridge.
* Thomas Sydenham publishes the textbook Observationes mediciae, the enlarged 3rd edition of his Methodus curandi febres.

## Paleontology

* The first fossilised bone of what is now known to be a dinosaur is discovered in England by Robert Plot, the femur of a Megalosaurus from a limestone quarry at Cornwell near Chipping Norton, Oxfordshire.

## Physics

* Robert Hooke first reveals Hooke's law as a Latin anagram.

## Technology

* July 7 – The first clocks using a form of deadbeat escapement, constructed by Thomas Tompion to a design by Richard Towneley, are installed at the Royal Greenwich Observatory.

## Births

* May 28 – Jacopo Riccati, Italian mathematician (died 1754)
* Caleb Threlkeld, Irish botanist (died 1728)
* Maria Clara Eimmart, German astronomer, engraver and designer (died 1707)

## Deaths

* May 25 – Johann Rahn, Swiss mathematician (born 1622)
* September 4 – John Ogilby, English cartographer (born 1600)
# Neraida, Kozani

Neraida (Greek: Νεράιδα) is a village located at the north shore of Lake Polyfyto (a reservoir on the river Aliakmon) in Servia municipality, Kozani regional unit, in the Greek region of Macedonia. It is situated at an altitude of 280 meters. At the 2021 census the population was 127. The regional capital, Kozani, is 20 km away.
# Sarremezan

Sarremezan (French pronunciation:; Occitan: Sarremesan) is a commune in the Haute-Garonne department in southwestern France.

## Sights

The Château de Sarremezan is a 15th-century castle which is listed as a historic site by the French Ministry of Culture.
# Tomaszów County, Łódź Voivodeship

Tomaszów County (Polish: powiat tomaszowski) is a county in Łódź Voivodeship, central Poland. It came into being on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat and only town is Tomaszów Mazowiecki, which lies 49 kilometres (30 mi) south-east of the regional capital Łódź.
The county covers an area of 1,025.7 square kilometres (396.0 sq mi). As of 2006 its total population is 120,973, out of which the population of Tomaszów Mazowiecki is 66,705 and the rural population is 54,268.

## Neighbouring counties

Tomaszów County is bordered by Brzeziny County, Skierniewice County and Rawa County to the north, Grójec County and Przysucha County to the east, Opoczno County to the south-east, Piotrków County to the west, and Łódź East County to the north-west.

## Administrative division

The county is subdivided into 11 gminas (one urban and 10 rural). These are listed in the following table, in descending order of population.
| Gmina | Type | Area (km$^2$) | Population (2006) | Seat |
| Tomaszów Mazowiecki | urban | 41.3 | 66,705 | |
| Gmina Tomaszów Mazowiecki | rural | 151.3 | 9,826 | Tomaszów Mazowiecki * |
| Gmina Ujazd | rural | 97.0 | 7,747 | Ujazd |
| Gmina Lubochnia | rural | 131.6 | 7,600 | Lubochnia |
| Gmina Rokiciny | rural | 90.5 | 5,925 | Rokiciny |
| Gmina Czerniewice | rural | 127.7 | 5,113 | Czerniewice |
| Gmina Rzeczyca | rural | 108.3 | 4,971 | Rzeczyca |
| Gmina Inowłódz | rural | 98.0 | 3,879 | Inowłódz |
| Gmina Będków | rural | 57.9 | 3,520 | Będków |
| Gmina Żelechlinek | rural | 92.0 | 3,470 | Żelechlinek |
| Gmina Budziszewice | rural | 30.1 | 2,217 | Budziszewice |
| * seat not part of the gmina |||||
# Austria Squash Rackets

Austria Squash Rackets (German: Österreichischer Squash Rackets Verband) is the national organisation for squash in Austria.
# Nenita

Nenita (Greek: Νένητα) is a town in Ionia, Chios, Greece. It is located in the south-east Chios, 17 km south of Chios (town). Nenita belongs to Chios municipality and Ionia municipal unit.

## History

Nenita is mentioned by European visitors during Ottoman Rule in Greece. It is mentioned as developed and big village. Its name possible derives from the Greek word neonita (νεώνητα) that means new buildings. Nenita suffered great damages during destructive earthquake of 1881. Nowadays, Nenita is a big village of South Chios. The residents employed in agriculture, mostly the agriculture and production of mastic. Nenita is associated with the icon of Archangel Michael.

### Historical population

| Census | Settlement | Community |
| 1991 | 1,052 | |
| 2001 | 1,038 | 1,156 |
| 2011 | 903 | 924 |
| 2021 | 910 | 930 |
# Cambes, Lot-et-Garonne

Cambes (French pronunciation:; Occitan: Cambas) is a commune in the Lot-et-Garonne department in south-western France.
# Laval-sur-Luzège

Laval-sur-Luzège (French pronunciation:, literally Laval on Luzège; Occitan: La Val) is a commune in the Corrèze department in central France.

## Geography

The Luzège forms the commune's eastern boundary, then flows into the Dordogne, which forms the commune's southern boundary.
# Vias, Hérault

Vias (French pronunciation:; Occitan: Viaç) is a commune in the Hérault department in the Occitanie region in southern France.
It is a popular holiday destination, with many camp and caravan sites. Near Vias, the Canal du midi crosses the river Libron, an interesting historic engineering work. Vias station has rail connections to Narbonne, Montpellier and Avignon.
* A boat on the Canal du Midi
* Vias market hall 1830 renovated
* Vias 1950s-style housing development on the main circular street facing St Jean Baptiste church

## Energy

Around 17% of the commune's electricity is provided by local solar power installations.
# Mehal Meda

Mehal Meda (Amharic: መኻል ሜዳ Mehal Mēda) is a town in Ethiopia situated in the Semien Shewa Zone of the Amhara Region. It has a geographical coordinates of 10° 18' 0" North, 39° 40' 0" East, with an altitude of 3132 m above sea level. The town is located 150 km north of Debre Berhan and 224 mi (or 280 km) northeast of the capital Addis Ababa.
Mehal Meda is an administrative center of the Menz Gera Midir woreda in the Amhara Region, Ethiopia. The woreda is partly named after the northern district of the former province of Menz, Gera Meder.
Located at the eastern edge of the Ethiopian highlands in the Semien Shewa Zone, Menz Gera Midir is bordered on the south by Menz Lalo Midir, on the southwest by Menz Keya Gebreal, on the west by the Qechene River which separates it from the Debub Wollo Zone, on the north by Gishe, on the northeast by Antsokiyana Gemza, and on the east by Efratana Gidim. Menz Gera Midir was part of the former Gera Midirna Keya Gebriel woreda.

## Demographics

Based on the 2007 national census conducted by the Central Statistical Agency of Ethiopia (CSA) the town has a total population of 11,055.
# Smbat

Smbat, Sambat, Smpad or Sempad may refer to:
* Smbat IV Bagratuni (died 616/7), Armenian noble in Byzantine and Sasanian service, marzpan of Hyrcania and Armenia
* Smbat VI Bagratuni (died 726), presiding prince of Armenia
* Smbat VII Bagratuni (died 775), presiding prince of Armenia
* Smbat I (850–912), Smbat the Martyr, king of Armenia from 890 to 912
* Smbat II, king of Armenia from 977 to 990
* Smbat III (died 1042), king of Armenia from 1020 to 1040. Also known as Hovhannes-Smbat of Ani.
* Sempad the Constable (1208–1276), noble in the Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia. Diplomat, judge, historian and military commander, brother of King Hetoum I
* Sempad, King of Armenia (1277–1310), king of the Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia from 1296 to 1298
* Smbat Shahaziz (1840–1908), Armenian poet
* Smpad Piurad (1862–1915), Armenian writer and victim of the Armenian Genocide
* Smbat Baroyan (1875–1956), Armenian fedayee commander during the Armenian national movement
* Smbat Lputian (born 1958), Armenian chess grandmaster
* Sambat (Greek: Σαμβατάς) is sometimes considered to have been used as the Khazar name for Kyiv
* Sam Bat, a Canadian manufacturer of baseball bats
* Smbat Walls, a historical fortification in Armenia
# Thermes-Magnoac

Thermes-Magnoac (French pronunciation:; Occitan: Tèrmes) is a commune in the Hautes-Pyrénées département in south-western France.
# Rouvas

Rouvas (Greek: Ρούβας) is a former municipality in the Heraklion regional unit, Crete, Greece. Since the 2011 local government reform it is part of the municipality Gortyn, of which it is a municipal unit. The municipal unit has an area of 62.725 km$^2$ (24.218 sq mi). Population 1,713 (2021). The seat of the municipality was in Gergeri.
# Francesco Manca

Minor planets discovered: 26 :
* see § List of discovered minor planets
Francesco Manca (born November 1966, in Milan, Italy) is an Italian amateur astronomer and discoverer of minor planets at the Sormano Astronomical Observatory in northern Italy.
Manca also performs follow-up astrometry of near-Earth objects (NEOs). He acquired research and observational experience on the NEOs at professional observatories in Arizona, United States at Catalina Sky Survey (IAU Obs code 703 and G96) Non-observational work focuses on computations of orbit and close approaches of asteroids with the Earth (linked at Center for Near Earth Object Studies (CNEOS) - Jet Propulsion Laboratory) and computation of orbit identifications of asteroids (Near Earth Asteroids, Mars-crossing asteroids, Hungaria group, Trans-Neptunian object) and comets.
He wrote many articles on specialistic magazines. Member of SIMCA (Italian: Società Italiana Meccanica Celeste e Astrodinamica), associated (INAF) National Institute for Astrophysics and International Asteroid Warning Network (IAWN). His professional activity concerns the application of measuring systems as encoders for Right Ascension and Declination (azimuth and elevation), installed on telescopes and Radio telescopes such as the VLT, LBT, ELT (Extremely Large Telescope), ALMA (Atacama Large Millimeter Array), DAG (Turkish for Eastern Anatolia Observatory), ASTRI (Astrophysics with mirrors at Italian Replicant Technology) and NEOSTEL (FlyEye telescope) for ESA or on space instruments as Solar Monitoring Observatory.
The Koronian asteroid 15460 Manca, discovered by Andrea Boattini and Luciano Tesi at San Marcello Pistoiese Observatory in 1998, is named in his honour.

## List of discovered minor planets

| important; height: 324px; |
| 9111 Matarazzo | 28 January 1997 | list |
| 9115 Battisti | 27 February 1997 | list |
| (9796) 1996 HW | 19 April 1996 | list |
| 10387 Bepicolombo | 18 October 1996 | list |
| 10605 Guidoni | 3 November 1996 | list |
| 10606 Crocco | 3 November 1996 | list |
| 11652 Johnbrownlee | 7 February 1997 | list |
| 12405 Nespoli | 15 September 1995 | list |
| 18542 Broglio | 29 December 1996 | list |
| 18556 Battiato | 7 February 1997 | list |
| 19318 Somanah | 2 December 1996 | list |
| 21289 Giacomel | 3 November 1996 | list |
| important; height: 324px; |
| 26197 Bormio | 31 March 1997 | list |
| 27855 Giorgilli | 4 January 1995 | list |
| 32944 Gussalli | 19 November 1995 | list |
| 35334 Yarkovsky | 31 March 1997 | list |
| 37022 Robertovittori | 22 October 2000 | list |
| 39734 Marchiori | 14 December 1996 | list |
| 43956 Elidoro | 7 February 1997 | list |
| 43957 Invernizzi | 7 February 1997 | list |
| 48643 Allen-Beach | 20 October 1995 | list |
| 59087 Maccacaro | 15 November 1998 | list |
| 69961 Millosevich | 15 November 1998 | list |
| 79847 Colzani | 7 December 1998 | list |
| important; |
| (96583) 1998 VG$_{34}$ | 15 November 1998 | list |
| (100641) 1997 VO$_4$ | 3 November 1997 | list |
| Co-discovery made with: $^A$ P. Sicoli $^B$ P. Chiavenna $^C$ V. Giuliani $^D$ A. Testa $^E$ M. Cavagna $^F$ G. Ventre |
# Cézan

Cézan (French pronunciation:; Occitan: Cesan) is a commune in the Gers department in southwestern France.
# Levshinka, Kursk Oblast

Levshinka (Russian: Левшинка) is a rural locality (Russian: деревня, lit. 'village') in Vyshnederevensky Selsoviet Rural Settlement, Lgovsky District, Kursk Oblast, Russia. Population: 104 (2010 Census); 157 (2002 Census);

## Geography

The village is located on the Malaya Loknya River (a left tributary of the Loknya in the Psel basin), 26 km from the Russia–Ukraine border, 72 km south-west of Kursk, 23 km south of the district center – the town Lgov, 13 km from the selsoviet center – Vyshniye Derevenki.

### Climate

Levshinka has a warm-summer humid continental climate (Dfb in the Köppen climate classification).

## History

The settlement of Levshinka was taken over in August 2024, the BBC reported, by the Armed Forces of Ukraine.

## Transport

Levshinka is located 20 km from the road of regional importance 38K-017 (Kursk – Lgov – Rylsk – border with Ukraine), 1.5 km from the road 38K-024 (Lgov – Sudzha), 2 km from the nearest (closed) railway halt Anastasyevka (railway line Lgov I — Podkosylev).
The rural locality is situated 79 km from Kursk Vostochny Airport, 128 km from Belgorod International Airport and 279 km from Voronezh Peter the Great Airport.
# Val-de-Sos

Val-de-Sos (French pronunciation:; Occitan: Val de Sòs) is a commune in the Ariège department in southern France. The municipality was established on 1 January 2019 by merger of the former communes of Vicdessos (the seat), Sem, Goulier and Suc-et-Sentenac.

## Geography
### Location

The commune is structured by the Vicdessos valley, irrigated by the eponymous river, in the historic territory of Sabarthès. The main access road is the D8 from Tarascon-sur-Ariège.
It is part of the Ariège Pyrenees Regional Nature Park.
# Cheshmeh Jowhar

Cheshmeh Jowhar (Persian: چشمه جوهر) is a village in Bala Jam Rural District, Nasrabad District, Torbat-e Jam County, Razavi Khorasan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 236, in 46 families.
# William George (American football)

William J. "Pop" George was an All-American football player at Princeton University. He was a four-year starter at Princeton from 1886 to 1889, during which time the 1886 and 1889 teams won national championships and compiled an overall record of 35-3-2. He was selected as the center on the first college football All-America team in 1889. He played college football for Princeton until age 28, while enrolled in graduate studies.
In the 1889 Princeton-Yale game, George was sustained an injury to his knee cap and "had the tendon of his ankle broken." George was taken from the game to Murray Hill Hotel in an ambulance.
In 1920, he was selected to the all-time Princeton football team by Herring of the Princeton Alumni Weekly.
# Third Zoramthanga ministry

The third Zoramthanga ministry is the third Cabinet assembled by Zoramthanga the then Chief Minister of Mizoram. His party, the Mizo National Front (MNF) secured an absolute majority in the 2018 elections.
Zoramthanga was elected leader of the party in the assembly and was sworn in as Chief Minister of Mizoram on 15 December 2018. He earlier served as Chief Minister for two terms from December 1998 to December 2008. The MNF captured 26 of the 40 seats in the state assembly.

## Council of Ministers

| S.No | Name | Constituency | Department | Party |
| 1. | Zoramthanga Chief Minister | Aizawl East 1 | Finance Political & Cabinet Planning & Programme Implementation General Administration Department Vigilance Department Public Work Department Horticulture Department | MNF |
| Deputy Chief Minister ||||||
| 2. | Tawnluia | Tuichang | Public Health Engineering Department Urban Development & Poverty Alleviation Department Personnel & Administrative Reforms | MNF |
| Cabinet Minister ||||||
| 3. | Dr. R Lalthangliana | South Tuipui | Health & Family Welfare Higher & Technical Education Commerce & Industry | MNF |
| 4. | Lalchamliana | Hrangturzo | Home Taxation Disaster Management & Rehabilitation | MNF |
| 5. | R Lalzirliana | Tawi | Power & Electricity Arts & Culture Land Resources, Soil & Water Conservation District Council & Minority Affairs | MNF |
| 6. | C Lalrinsanga | Lunglei West | Agriculture Dept. Irrigation & Water Resources Co-operation Department | MNF |
| 7. | K Lalrinliana | Kolasib | Food, Civil Supplies & Consumer Affairs LAD Fisheries | MNF |
| 8. | Lalchhandama Ralte | Tuivawl | School Education Labour, Employment, Skill Development & Entrepreneurship Printing & Stationery Department | MNF |
| 9. | Lalruatkima | Aizawl West 2 | Rural Development Information & Public Relation Land Revenue & Settlement Department | MNF |
| 10. | Lalrinawma | Tuikum | Social Welfare & Tribal Affairs Department Excise & Narcotics Department Sericulture Department Animal Husbandry &Veterinary Department | MNF |
Ministers of State :
| SI No. | Name | Constituency | Department | Party | Party |
| 1. | T J Lalnuntluanga | Champhai South | Law & Judicial, Parliamentary Affairs Transport Environment, Forest & Climate Change Department | MNF | |
| 2. | Robert Romawia Royte | Aizawl East 2 | Sports & Youth Services Tourism Information & Communication Technology | MNF | |
# Andrew Shovlin

Andrew Shovlin (born 1 November 1973) is a British Formula One engineer. He is the trackside engineering director at the Mercedes-AMG Petronas Formula One team.

## Career

Shovlin graduated from Leeds University in 1998, obtaining a BEng in Mechanical Engineering, followed by a PhD in Vehicle Dynamics and Control. Shovlin started his career with BAR in 1999. In 2004–2009, Shovlin worked for BAR, and later Honda and Brawn GP as race engineer to Jenson Button. In 2010, he was appointed as race engineer for Michael Schumacher at Mercedes GP. The following year, he was promoted to the position of track engineering director, a role he continues to hold. In this capacity, Shovlin is responsible for maximizing the performance of both cars during race weekends. He collaborates closely with engineering teams on both sides of the Mercedes garage and coordinates with performance groups in Brackley to ensure that both cars receive the best available information and support.
# Thorney RUFC

Thorney Rugby Club is a Rugby union club based near Peterborough which was formed in 1990.

## Ron Jacobs Playing Field

The club's ground is named after former RFU Chairman and England International Ron Jacobs who lived in Thorney in his later years. The ground has 3 pitches of which one is floodlit.

## Teams

There are currently 5 teams that play at the Ron Jacobs. These are Thorney 1st XV Men, Thorney U11, Thorney Monks, Thorney U13 and Thorney Minis.
Thorney currently play in Eastern Counties Greene King Division One West.

## New Facilities Grant

Thorney RUFC have secured funding worth more than £128,000 from the Rugby Football Foundation to build new changing rooms at their Ron Jacobs Playing Fields ground near Peterborough in Cambridgeshire. The club has secured a grant of £63,415 from the RFF with a further £65,000 by way of an interest-free loan.
Work has started on the project which will see four new changing rooms and a gymnasium being built, with a scheduled completion date of March next year.
Club Chairperson, Louis Deplancke said “The extension of the present Club changing room facilities will support all sections of the club by allowing better quality training sessions and improving the club environment during the season. The improvement to the facilities is in line with the Club’s development plan to strengthen its senior and vets teams and to add junior teams at each age group year on year until all groups are covered from minis to Colts. We are extremely pleased and thank the RFF for this opportunity.”
The RFF is a charitable trust established by the Rugby Football Union with the purpose of promoting and developing community and amateur rugby in England.
# Seazzadactylus

Seazzadactylus is a basal pterosaur genus that lived during the late Triassic (Norian stage, about 219-214 million years ago) in the area of present-day Italy.

## Discovery and naming

In 1997, amateur paleontologist Umberto Venier discovered the skeleton of a pterosaur in a boulder laying in the bed of the Seazza brook, just before it joins the Tagliamento river, near Preone in the Dolomites. Venier brought the find to the Museo Friulano di Storia Naturale at Udine. After partial preparation paleontologist Fabio Marco Dalla Vecchia announced the discovery in the scientific literature in 2000. In 2003, Dalla Vecchia referred the specimen to Eudimorphodon. In 2009 however, further preparation made him conclude that it was a species new to science, not identical to either Eudimorphodon or Carniadactylus.
In 2019, Dalla Vecchia named and described the type species Seazzadactylus venieri. The generic name combines that of the Seazza with the Greek daktylos, 'finger'. The specific name honours Venier as discoverer.
The holotype, MFSN 21545, was found in a layer of the Dolomia di Forni Formation dating from the middle to upper Norian. It consists of a partial skeleton with skull and lower jaws. The skeleton is not articulated but the bones are in close association. It lacks the tail and most feet bones. It represents a subadult individual, not fully grown.

## Description

Dalla Vecchia established a number of apomorphic traits. In the praemaxilla the teeth are limited to the front half of the body. The jugal bone has a high front branch, tapering to the front and below into a sharp needle-like point. The main body of the jugal bone is pierced in the middle by a large foramen. The front branch of the pterygoid bone makes a right angle to the outer side. The ectopterygoid bone is positioned behind the pterygoid and has a recurved outer side branch in the direction of the jugal as well as a rear branch. Teeth in the maxilla and the dentary bone possess multiple cusps, sometimes as high as six or seven, while erupted teeth with three cusps are absent. The first, second and third maxillary teeth are recurved, with the curvature gradually diminishing along the series. The shoulder blade is fan-like expanded to the rear. The pteroid bone is small and slender, formed like an exclamation mark.

## Phylogeny

Seazzadactylus was placed in the Pterosauria in 2019, in a basal position outside of the Monofenestrata. A cladistic analysis showed it was part of a yet-unnamed clade also containing Arcticodactylus, Austriadraco, Carniadactylus, Raeticodactylus and Caviramus. This unnamed clade was eventually named as Caviramidae in a 2020 study by Matthew G. Baron. In the evolutionary tree Seazzadactylus would be positioned directly above Austriadraco and below Carniadactylus. Eudimorphodon was not recovered as a close relative but in a more derived position instead, under Campylognathoides.