OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Nesseby Church

Nesseby Church (Norwegian: Nesseby kirke) is a parish church of the Church of Norway in Nesseby Municipality in Finnmark county, Norway. It is located in the village of Nesseby, overlooking the Varangerfjorden. It is the church for the Nesseby parish which is part of the Indre Finnmark prosti (deanery) in the Diocese of Nord-Hålogaland. The prayer books in this church are in the Northern Sami language, since that is the predominant language for the people of the area. The church is one of the few old buildings left in Finnmark (the retreating German army burned most at the end of World War II). Adjacent to the church is a small storage building that is regarded by some as the oldest building in the Varanger area, dating from the 18th century.

## History

The first church in Nesseby was located in Angsnes and it was built in 1719 by Thomas von Westen. It was consecrated on 11 November 1719. The church was poorly maintained and it had been built on the south side of the fjord, while most development was occurring on the north side of the fjord. That church was torn down in 1746. Soon after, a new church was built at the present church site, about 4 kilometres (2.5 mi) east of Angsnes on the north side of the fjord. The new church was consecrated in 1747. Some of the materials in the church such as the altar and pulpit were reused from the old chapel in Kiberg. In 1854, the old church was torn down and construction immediately began on a new church on the same site. The new wooden building was designed by Christian Heinrich Grosch and it had seats for 250 people. It was consecrated on 17 August 1858. The new church has a nave that measures 12 by 9.1 metres (39 ft × 30 ft) and a choir that measures 5.1 by 5.1 metres (17 ft × 17 ft). The church has a 22-metre (72 ft) tall tower above the main entrance. The church was fully restored in 1983.

## Design

The church has a narrow choir whose floor is higher than that of the nave. There are sacristies beside the choir, which has a lower ceiling, of a type called a "saddle ceiling", than that of the nave. The roof is supported by wooden columns which separate the central nave from two side-naves. This style was used in churches designed by Grosch in the 1850s. The nave is also distinguished from the two side-naves by the fact that the latter have lower ceilings, a feature which, apparently, Grosch derived from German church design.

## Media gallery

* View of the church on the little peninsula
* View of the church from a distance
# Ferdowsiyeh, Azadegan

Ferdowsiyeh (Persian: فردوسيه, also Romanized as Ferdowsīyeh; also known as Ferdowsiyeh Hoomeh, Ferdowsīyeh-ye Āzādegān, Ferdowsīyeh-ye Ḩasan Zādeh, and Ferdowsīyeh-ye Rafī’ī) is a village in Azadegan Rural District, in the Central District of Rafsanjan County, Kerman Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 1,525, in 384 families.
# Ministry of Transport and Communications (Bulgaria)

The Ministry of Transport and Communications of Bulgaria (Bulgarian: Министерство на транспорта, информационните технологии и съобщенията, romanized: Ministerstvo na transporta, informatsionnite tehnologii i saobshteniyata) is a Bulgarian government ministry, part of which are:
* Information Technology Directorate, concerned on policies for the development of IT in Bulgaria
* Electronic Government Directorate - electronic government policies in Bulgaria
* European Coordination and International Cooperation Directorate - European Union policies
Current Minister is Hristo Aleksiev.
The Ministry was known simply as the Ministry of Transport from 1966-1999.

## Transport Troops

The troops of the Ministry of Transport, called the Transport Troops (bg:Войски_на_Министерството_на_транспорта, ВМT) (or Railway Troops), were a paramilitary construction organization subordinate to the Ministry of Transport, which existed from 1975 to 2001. It dealt mainly with the construction of highways and railways. They were divided into railway construction brigades and automobile transportation brigades tasked with the construction and maintenance of transport infrastructure. In case of war the Transport Troops would have come under the Ministry of People's Defence.
By Decree № 4 of January 14, 1888, the first paramilitary railway unit was established - the Railway Company of the Pioneer Regiment in Ruse. The first railway officer in Bulgaria was the future general Petar Lolov.
The Transport Troops themselves were established by Decree № 147 of 27 January 1975 on the basis of the Railway and Liaison Construction Brigade of the Ministry of Transport, established in 1965.
# Pamphilus

Pamphilus may refer to:
* Pamphylus (mythology)
* Pamphilus of Amphipolis, painter of 4th century BC, head of Sicyonian School
* Pamphilus of Alexandria, grammarian in the 1st century
* Saint Pamphilus of Caesarea (late 3rd century - 309), scholarly creator of the library at Caesarea
* Pamphilus the Theologian, sixth-century writer
* Saint Pamphilus of Sulmona (died c. 700), bishop of Sulmona
* Pamphylos, legendary founder of Pamphylia
* Pamphilus of Sicily (Ancient Greek: Πάμφιλος Σικελός), poet of the 4th century BC mentioned by Athenaeus in the Deipnosophistae
* Pamphilus de amore, a 12th-century Latin comedy
# ČRo Vltava

Český rozhlas Vltava (in 1992-2013 Czech Radio 3 - Vltava) is the former third programme of Czech Radio with a focus on culture (now styled simply as ČRo Vltava). It was founded in 1972 and operated by Czechoslovak Radio until the end of 1991. Jaroslava Haladová has been the station's editor-in-chief since 2019.
The programme structure is dominated by programmes featuring older and contemporary classical music (around 40% of the airtime on weekdays). Jazz and alternative music (Jazzový podvečer, Jazzové dopoledne, Mozaika), literary programmes (readings, radio plays) and cultural journalism (Mozaika, Akcent) are also significantly represented - all with around 15% of the airtime. The station broadcasts 24 hours a day.

## History

The Vltava station launched on 4 September 1972 and was a continuation of the Czechoslovak Radio Third programme for the demanding cultural audience, which had been in operation since 1964, on the VHF band.

## Broadcasting

Digital broadcasting is mediated by terrestrial television standard DVB-T2, radio DAB+ and satellite broadcasting via Astra 3A satellite (position 23.5° East) in DVB-S2.
# Tovdal Church

Tovdal Church (Norwegian: Tovdal kyrkje) is a parish church of the Church of Norway in Åmli Municipality in Agder county, Norway. It is located in the village of Hillestad. It is one of the churches for the Åmli parish which is part of the Aust-Nedenes prosti (deanery) in the Diocese of Agder og Telemark. The white, wooden church was built in a long church design in 1820 using plans drawn up by an unknown architect. The church seats about 105 people.

## History

The earliest existing historical records of the church date back to the year 1594, but the church was not new that year. The first church on this site was a stave church that may have been built in the 13th century. The church was known as the Hillestad church since it was located on the Hillestad farm and the parish was historically known as Lille Topdal. In 1723, the King sold the church during the Norwegian church auction to raise money to pay off his war debts. In 1780, the people of the parish raised money to purchase the church from private ownership and since then it has been owned by the parish. In 1802 the church was described as being in good condition, but by 1818 the church had plans to add on to the old building by building a new nave and to use the old church as the choir and sacristy. The church began to work on this, but they were rebuked by the Bishop for failing to obtain the proper permits from the diocese. As they began to work on the building, it was deemed in such poor condition that they just tore down the whole building in 1820.
Immediately after the old building was taken down, construction on a new wooden church was begun on the same site. It is not known who designed the building, but some have speculated that it was Gjermund Gunnarson Veum who built the nearby Gjøvdal Church several years earlier. The new church was consecrated on 4 March 1827. The name of the parish was changed to Tovdal and since then the church has been known as Tovdal Church. Originally, the church was unpainted on the exterior, but in 1837, the church exterior was painted red. In 1854, the church was painted white. The church underwent some restoration work during the 1930s and during that time, the exterior was painted red once again. In 1964, the church was painted white once again. In 1980, a sacristy was built on the eastern end of the building.
# Apriltsi Memorial Complex

The Apriltsi Memorial Complex (Bulgarian: Мемориален комплекс Априлци) is a large monument situated in the Bulgarian town of Panagyurishte. It was constructed in 1976 to commemorate the 100th anniversary of the April Uprising. It was built on the historical hill Manyovo Bardo which was one of the main positions of the Bulgarian revolutionaries against the Ottomans. The complex was designed by the architects Ivan Nikolov and Bogdan Tomalevski and the sculptors Sekul Krumov, Velichko Minekov and Dimitar Daskalov.
# Metropolis (Thessaly)

39°20′13″N 21°49′57″E﻿ / ﻿39.337009°N 21.832564°E﻿ / 39.337009; 21.832564
Metropolis (Ancient Greek: Μητρόπολις) was a town and polis (city-state) of Histiaeotis (or of Thessaliotis) in ancient Thessaly, described by Stephanus of Byzantium as a town in Upper Thessaly. Strabo says that Metropolis was founded by three insignificant towns, but that a larger number was afterwards added, among which was Ithome. He further says, that Ithome was within a quadrangle, formed by the four cities Tricca, Metropolis, Pelinnaeum, and Gomphi. The position of Metropolis is also determined by its being on Caesar's march from Gomphi to Pharsalus.
Livy relates how the town repulsed an attack by the Aetolians after the retreat of Philip V of Macedon (198 BCE). Whilst the Aetolians were devastating the fields round Metropolis the townsmen who had mustered in force to defend their walls inflicted a repulse upon them. The Aetolians then continued on to attack nearby Callithera. It was taken by Titus Quinctius Flamininus on his descending into this part of Thessaly, after the Battle of the Aous.
We learn from an inscription that the territory of Metropolis adjoined that of Cierium (the ancient Arne), and that the adjustment of their boundaries was a frequent subject of discussion between the two peoples. Metropolis is mentioned in the sixth century by Hierocles. The remains of Metropolis are at the small village about 5 miles (8.0 km) southwest of Karditsa formerly called Paleokastro, but since renamed Mitropoli (Μητρόπολη) to reflect its association with the historic town.
The city was of a circular form, and in the centre of the circle are the vestiges of a circular citadel, part of the wall of which still exists in the yard of the village church, where is a collection of the sculptured or inscribed remains found upon the spot. Among other sculptures noticed by William Martin Leake during his visit in the early nineteenth century, one in low relief, representing a figure seated upon a rock, in long drapery, and a mountain rising in face of the figure, at the foot of which there is a man in a posture of adoration, while on the top of the mountain there are other men, one of whom holds a hog in his hands. Leake conjectured with great probability that the seated figure represents the Aphrodite of Metropolis, to whom Strabo says that hogs were offered in sacrifice.
Metropolis minted silver coins dated to c. 400-344 BCE bearing the legends «ΜΗΤΡΟΠΟ[ΛΙΤΩΝ]» and «ΜΗΤΡΟΠΟΛ».
# 1883 in New Zealand

"none" is preferred when the title is sufficiently descriptive
The following lists events that happened during 1883 in New Zealand.

## Incumbents
### Regal and viceregal

* Head of State – Queen Victoria
* Governor – Lieutenant-General Sir William Jervois begins his term on 20 January.

### Government and law

The 8th New Zealand Parliament continues.
* Speaker of the House – Maurice O'Rorke.
* Premier – Frederick Whitaker is replaced by Harry Atkinson on 25 September
* Minister of Finance – Harry Atkinson
* Chief Justice – Hon Sir James Prendergast

### Main centre leaders

* Mayor of Auckland – James Clark followed by William Waddel
* Mayor of Christchurch – George Ruddenklau
* Mayor of Dunedin – James Bryce Thomson followed by William Parker Street
* Mayor of Wellington – George Fisher

## Events

* 1 March – A telephone exchange is opened in Wellington (the fourth in New Zealand).
* The Hokitika Guardian and Hokitika Evening Star merge to form the Hokitika Guardian and Star.
* September: The Waikato Mail ceases publication. The Cambridge newspaper started in 1880.
* 19 February: Pacifist leaders Te Whiti o Rongomai and To hu are released from prison, where they had been held without trial since November 1881.
* July: The Waikato Gazette & Thames Valley Recorder begins publishing. It was absorbed by the Cambridge News in 1889.
* the New Zealand Shipping Company was formed in Christchurch.

## Sport
### Cricket

* 1882–83 New Zealand cricket season
* 1883–84 New Zealand cricket season

### Horse racing

The New Zealand Cup is so-named, the race having been run under another name since 1865.
* New Zealand Cup winner: Tasman
* New Zealand Derby winner: Oudeis
* Auckland Cup winner: Salvage
* Wellington Cup winner: Mischief
    see also Category:Horse races in New Zealand.

### Rugby

The Auckland Rugby Union is formed.
Provincial club rugby champions include:
    see also Category:Rugby union in New Zealand

### Shooting

Ballinger Belt: Sergeant Kennedy (Dunedin)

## Births

* 14 May – Charlie Seeling (died 1956), rugby (league and union) footballer
* 4 August – Sydney Smith (died 1969), forensic pathologist
* 31 October – Anthony Wilding (died 1915), tennis player

### Full date unknown

* Ngapipi Reweti, land negotiator (died 1957)

## Deaths

* 30 March – Edward Graham McMinn (born 1843), politician
* 30 June – William Cutten (born 1822), politician
* 30 December – David Hay (born 1815), nurseryman
# Rowshanavand, Birjand

Rowshanavand (Persian: روشناوند, also Romanized as Rowshanāvand and Rūshnāvand; also known as Roshanābad, Roshanābād, and Rowshanābād) is a village in Fasharud Rural District, in the Central District of Birjand County, South Khorasan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 197, in 79 families.
# Polessky District

Polessky District (Russian: Поле́сский райо́н) is an administrative district (raion), one of the fifteen in Kaliningrad Oblast, Russia. As a municipal division, it is incorporated as Polessky Municipal District. It is located in the center of the oblast. The area of the district is 834.3 square kilometers (322.1 sq mi). Its administrative center is the town of Polessk. As of the 2010 Census, the total population of the district was 19,205, with the population of Polessk accounting for 39.5% of that number.

## Geography

The district is situated in the center of the oblast, with the Curonian Lagoon to the north. The Deyma River, a branch of the Pregolya, flows through the district. Near Polessk, the Polessk Canal connects the Pregolya and the Neman Rivers, crossing a bog.

## History

The district was established on April 7, 1946 as Labiausky District (Лабиауский район). It was given its present name on September 7, 1946.

## Economy

Economy is focused on fishery and agriculture. The railway line from Kaliningrad to Sovetsk, and the Kaliningrad–Guryevsk–Polessk–Bolshakovo road lead parallel with the shore of the Curonian Lagoon.
# Diocese of Abydos

Diocese of Abydos (Greek: Επισκοπή Αβύδου) is titular see of the Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople.

## History

Abydos (Ancient Greek: Ἄβυδος, Latin: Abydus) was an ancient city in Mysia. It was located at the Nara Burnu promontory on the Asian coast of the Hellespont, opposite the ancient city of Sestos, and near the city of Çanakkale in Turkey.

### Medieval bishopric

The bishopric of Abydus appears in all the Notitiae Episcopatuum of the Patriarchate of Constantinople from the mid-7th century until the time of Andronikos III Palaiologos (1341), first as a suffragan of Cyzicus and then from 1084 as a metropolitan see without suffragans. The earliest bishop mentioned in extant documents is Marcian, who signed the joint letter of the bishops of Hellespontus to Emperor Leo I the Thracian in 458, protesting about the murder of Proterius of Alexandria. A letter of Peter the Fuller (471–488) mentions a bishop of Abydus called Pamphilus. Ammonius signed the decretal letter of the Council of Constantinople in 518 against Severus of Antioch and others. Isidore was at the Third Council of Constantinople (680–681), John at the Trullan Council (692), Theodore at the Second Council of Nicaea (787). An unnamed bishop of Abydus was a counsellor of Emperor Nikephoros II in 969.
Seals attest Theodosius as bishop of Abydos in the 11th century, and John as metropolitan bishop of Abydos in the 11/12th century. Abydos remained a metropolitan see until the city fell to the Turks in the 14th century.

### Modern bishopric

In the 19th century the bishopric of Abydos was revived as the titular see of the Patriarchate of Constantinople.
* Nikodimos Papadopoulos (April 19, 1892 - 23 May 1906)
* Germanos Garofallidis (March 25, 1931 - September 3, 1936)
* Ireneos Kasimatis (November 8, 1951 - October 1, 1961)
* Gerasimos Papadopoulos (May 20, 1962 - June 12, 1995)
* Simeon Kruzhkov [ru] (May 16 — September 21, 1998)
* Kyrillos Katerelos (since February 23, 2008)
# Petronella Breinburg

Petronella Breinburg (1927 – 5 November 2019) was a Surinamese British author, playwright and professor and one of the first black British authors to write picture books about black children. My Brother Sean, illustrated by Errol Lloyd and published by The Bodley Head in 1973, was followed by a series, including Sean Goes to School, Sean's Red Bike and Doctor Sean. She also wrote books focused on older children, including her first book Legend of Suriname, Us Boys of Westcroft and Stories from the Caribbean. Her early books, published at a time where black authored books were rare, provided one of the first opportunities for black children in Britain to read stories they could identify with.

## Biography

Breinburg, of mixed European and African heritage, was born in Suriname in 1927. Her father, a policeman, died when she was 12 and the family – there were six children – went to live with her grandmother, near an old Dutch plantation. This grandmother used to terrify the children with tales about the old Dutchman who had owned the plantation.
Influenced by a lineage of storytellers, Breinburg enjoyed writing from a young age, winning local competitions from the age of eight and writing her first play at 13. She was educated at St. Rosa and St. Margaret's Convent in Suriname, before training as a teacher.
After emigrating to Guyana with her husband, she gave birth to two children. In Guyana, she was a member of the Red Cross Society for 10 years, serving for some time as Lieutenant of the Girls Life Brigade. She came to the UK with her two children to join her husband in 1961. Breinburg was a supply teacher in London, where her experience of racism and representation shaped her writing.
Breinburg obtained her doctorate in education with linguistics at University of Keele, with one year at Amsterdam University and a stint as a research fellow at the linguistic department of the University of Sheffield. She was then appointed to Goldsmiths' University of London, where she was a senior lecturer and head of the Caribbean Centre. Breinburg published books for children, teenagers, and for adults. She also wrote a number of plays and poetry.
Breinburg died on 5 November 2019.

## Publications

* Legends of Suriname (1971)
* My Brother Sean (1973)
* Sean Goes to School (1974)
* Us Boys of Westcroft (1975)
* Doctor Sean (1975)
* Sean's Red Bike (1976)
* A Girl, Frog and Petticoat (1977)
* One Day, Another Day (1977)
* Sally-Ann's Umbrella (1977)
* Sally-Ann in the Snow (1977)
* Sally-Ann's Skateboard (1979)
* Tiger, Paleface and Me (1979). Nippers series.
* Brinsly's Dream (1980)
* Stories From The Caribbean (1999)
* Jeremia and The Trumpet Man (2004)
* Instead of Roses and Rings (2005)
* Thoughts of a Creole Woman: A Reminiscence (2006)
* A Long Road to Salamanca (2007)
* Goodasyu: Crescendo (2011)
* Out of a Coloured Box: The Broken Shoes Tale (2015)
# Ivanovka, Starooskolsky District, Belgorod Oblast

Ivanovka (Russian: Ивановка) is a rural locality (a selo) in Starooskolsky District, Belgorod Oblast, Russia. The population was 579 as of 2010. There are 4 streets.

## Geography

Ivanovka is located 36 km south of Stary Oskol (the district's administrative centre) by road. Prioskolye is the nearest rural locality.
# Basarak

Basarak (Persian: بصرك, also Romanized as Başarak; also known as Basazak, Basrag, and Bastarak) is a village in Zarrineh Rud Rural District, Bizineh Rud District, Khodabandeh County, Zanjan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 271, in 54 families.
# Ishparsovo

Ishparsovo (Russian: Ишпарсово; Bashkir: Ишбарс, İşbars) is a rural locality (a selo) in Podlesnensky Selsoviet, Sterlitamaksky District, Bashkortostan, Russia. The population was 767 as of 2010. There are 12 streets.

## Geography

Ishparsovo is located 24 km north of Sterlitamak (the district's administrative centre) by road. Talalayevka is the nearest rural locality.
# Sellia, Chania

Sellia (Greek: Σελλία) is a small village in Crete, Greece, in the municipal unit of Vamos, in the regional unit of Chania. The village is located in between the towns of Vamos and Georgioupoli on the Drapano Peninsula, close to the north coast of the island, in the Apokoronas region. It has a winter population of 50 and a summer population of about 150. It is divided into Upper and Lower Sellia. It is a very small, quiet rural village with many older homes and plenty of traditional Cretan charm plus views of the Cretan White Mountains and the Mediterranean Sea. There is a kafenion (coffee house) but all services are available in nearby Vamos.
# Hippobotus

Hippobotus (/hɪˈpɒbətəs/; Ancient Greek: Ἱππόβοτος; fl. c. 200 BC) was a Greek historian of philosophers and philosophical schools. His writings are frequently quoted by Diogenes Laërtius. He wrote On the Sects (Greek: Περὶ Αἱρέσεων) and a Register of Philosophers (Greek: Τῶν Φιλοσόφων Ἀναγραφή). He treated philosophers as early as the Seven Sages and Pythagoras, and as late as Crates, Menedemus, and Zeno, hence it is inferred that he wrote in the 3rd or 2nd century BC. His work included lists of pupils of Zeno and Timon. Diogenes Laërtius relates that Hippobotus refused to put the Cynic, Eleatic and Dialectical schools into his On Sects.