# List of Soviet computer systems

This is the list of Soviet computer systems. The Russian abbreviation EVM (ЭВМ), present in some of the names below, means "electronic computing machine" (Russian:электронная вычислительная машина).

## List of hardware

The Russian abbreviation EVM (ЭВМ), present in some of the names below, means "electronic computing machine" (Russian: электронная вычислительная машина).

### Ministry of Radio Technology

Computer systems from the Ministry of Radio Technology:
* Agat (Агат) — Apple II clone
* ES EVM (ЕС ЭВМ), IBM mainframe clone
* ES PEVM (ЕС ПЭВМ), IBM PC compatible
* M series — series of mainframes and mini-computers
* Minsk (Минск)
* Poisk (Поиск) — IBM PC-XT clone
* Setun (Сетунь) — unique balanced ternary computer.
* Strela (Стрела)
* Ural (Урал) — mainframe series
* Vector-06C (Вектор-06Ц)

### Ministry of Instrument Making

Computer systems from the Ministry of Instrument Making:
* Aragats (Арагац)
* Iskra (Искра) — common name for many computers with different architecture
** Iskra-1030 — Intel 8086 XT clone
* KVM-1 (КВМ-1)
* SM EVM (СМ ЭВМ) — most models were PDP-11 clones, while some others were HP 2100, VAX or Intel compatible

### Ministry of the Electronics Industry

Computer systems from the Ministry of Electronics Industry:
* Elektronika (Электроника) family
** DVK family (ДВК) — PDP-11 clones
** Elektronika BK-0010 (БК-0010, БК-0011) — LSI-11 clone home computer
** UKNC (УКНЦ) — educational, PDP11-like
** Elektronika 60, Elektronika 100
** Elektronika 85 — Clone of DEC Professional (computer) 350 (F11)
** Elektronika 85.1 — Clone of DEC Professional (computer) 380 (J11)
** Elektronika D3-28
** Elektronika SS BIS (Электроника СС БИС) — Cray clone

### Soviet Academy of Sciences

* BESM (БЭСМ) — series of mainframes
* Besta (Беста) — Unix box, Motorola 68020-based, Sun-3 clone
* Elbrus (Эльбрус) — high-end mainframe series
* Kronos (Кронос)
* MESM (МЭСМ) — first Soviet Union computer (1950)
* M-1 — one of the earliest stored program computers (1950–1951)

### ZX Spectrum clones

* ATM Turbo
* Dubna 48K – running at half the speed of the original
* Hobbit
* Pentagon
* Radon 'Z'
* Scorpion

### Other

* 5E** (5Э**) series – military computers
** 5E51 (5Э51)
** 5E53 (5Э53)
** 5E76 (5Э76) – IBM/360 clone, military version
** 5E92 (5Э92)
** 5E92b (5Э92б)
* A series — ES EVM-compatible military computers
* Argon — a series of military real-time computers
* AS-6 (АС-6) – multiprocessor computing complex, name is Russian abbreviation for "Connection Equipment – 6"
* Dnepr (Днепр)
* GVS-100 (ГВС-100, Гибридная Вичислителная Система) – Hybrid Computer System
* Irisha (Ириша)
* Juku (Юку) — Estonian school computer
* Kiev (Киев)
* Korvet (Корвет)
* Krista (Криста)
* Micro-80 (Микро-80) — experimental PC, based on 8080-compatible processor
* Microsha (Микроша) — modification of Radio-86RK
* MIR, МИР (uk:ЕОМ "МИР-1", uk:ЕОМ "МИР-2")
* Nairi (Наири)
* Orion-128 (Орион-128)
* Promin (Проминь)
* PS-2000, PS-3000 – multiprocessor supercomputers in the 1980s
* Razdan (Раздан)
* Radon — real-time computer, designed for anti-aircraft defense
* Radio-86RK — simplified and modified version of Micro-80
* Sneg (Снег)
* Specialist (Специалист)
* SVS
* TsUM-1 (ЦУМ-1)
* TIA-MC-1 An arcade system
* UM (УМ)
* UT-88
* Vesna and Sneg — early mainframes

## List of operating systems

* For Kronos
** Kronos
* For BESM
** D-68 (Д-68, Диспетчер-68, Dispatcher-68)
** DISPAK ("Диспетчер Пакетов," Dispatcher of the Packets)
** DUBNA ("ДУБНА")
* For ES EVM
** DOS/ES ("Disk Operation system for ES EVM")
** OS/ES ("Disk Operation system for ES EVM")
* For SM EVM
** RAFOS (РАФОС), FOBOS (ФОБОС) and FODOS (ФОДОС) — RT-11 clones
** OSRV (ОСРВ) — RSX-11M clone, one of the most popular Soviet multi-user systems
** DEMOS — BSD-based Unix-like; later was ported to x86 and some other architectures
** INMOS (ИНМОС, Инструментальная мобильная операционная система)
* For 8-bit microcomputers
** MicroDOS (МикроДОС) — CP/M 2.2 clone
* For ZX Spectrum clones
** iS-DOS, TASiS
** DNA-OS
* For different platforms
** MISS (Multipurpose Interactive timeSharing System) – ES EVM ES1010, ES EVM ES1045, D3-28M, PC-compatible, etc.
* MOS (operating system) – a Soviet clone of Unix in the 1980s