OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# PAX Association

The PAX Association (Polish: Stowarzyszenie PAX) was a pro-Communist Catholic organization created in 1947, in the People's Republic of Poland, at the onset of the Stalinist period. The association published the Słowo Powszechne daily for almost fifty years between 1947 and 1993 with an average of 312 issues annually.
The first editor-in-chief of Słowo Powszechne (circulation: 40,000) was Wojciech Kętrzyński (d. 1983) from KN, grandson of historian Wojciech Kętrzyński. In 1982, the newspaper adjusted its name to Słowo Powszechne: dziennik Stowarzyszenia PAX (the "PAX Association Daily"). The publication closed only when the PAX ceased to function in 1993, following the collapse of communism.
In 1953, the PAX notably gave its support to the Stalinist show trial of the Kraków Curia pronouncing death penalties for the Catholic priests accused of treason, and took over the publication of the Catholic weekly magazine Tygodnik Powszechny until the Polish October of 1956.

## Communist era

Following the Soviet takeover, the PAX Association had been formed with the intention to undermine grass-roots support for the Roman Catholic Church in Stalinist Poland. Created by Bolesław Piasecki, it approved the trial and imprisonment of many Polish clergymen, among them Bishop Czesław Kaczmarek and Cardinal Stefan Wyszyński. PAX attempted to compete with the conservative clergy of the interwar era over public policy issues, especially after the arrest of hundreds of priests by the state security in early 1950s. The government gave it total control over the Polish branch of the Caritas relief organisation. According to Norman Davies PAX was an NKVD front organisation, set up to win over Polish Catholics to communism, and to break their links to the Vatican. It maintained a presence in the Sejm, winning, for example, five seats in the 1969 election.

## Reforms

After 1956, together with many other similar government initiatives, it was toned down and took a more compromising position, in some regards even supporting the leniency for the anti-communist resistance in Poland, even though it firmly endorsed the communist government of the People's Republic of Poland until the fall of communism. After 1982 it was a member of the Patriotic Movement for National Rebirth. Throughout the decades after its creation and the death of Stalin, it continued to steadily lose power and influence, although it still exists in modern Poland.

## Notable members

* Bolesław Piasecki
* Janusz Zabłocki
* Jan Dobraczyński
* Tadeusz Mazowiecki
# Balbir Singh Grewal

Balbir Singh Grewal (born 21 September 1945), also known as Balbir Singh (Railways), is a retired Indian field hockey player. He played for Railways in the Indian Senior National Hockey Championship. He was part of the Indian teams that won the bronze medal at the 1968 Summer Olympics, gold medal at the 1966 Asian Games and silver medal at the 1970 Asian Games. His brother was the Indian hockey international Gurbux Singh Grewal.
# Boldyrevo

Boldyrevo (Russian: Болдырево) is a rural locality (a selo) in Bolshemogoysky Selsoviet of Volodarsky District, Astrakhan Oblast, Russia. The population was 557 as of 2010. There are 4 streets.

## Geography

It is located on the Kornevaya and Zeleninskaya Rivers, 8 km (5.0 mi) south of Volodarsky (the district's administrative centre) by road. Meneshau is the nearest rural locality.
# Perfekte Welle

"Perfekte Welle" (English: "Perfect Wave") is a song by German band Juli. It was written by band members Simon Triebel and Andreas Herde and produced by O.L.A.F. Opal for their debut album Es ist Juli (2004). It served as band's debut single and peaked at number two on the German and Austrian Single Charts. In December 2004, after the tsunami in south-east Asia, many German television and radio stations announced that they would no longer play the song as a mark of respect to the tsunami victims. An Afrikaans version was released in South Africa by the group Shine4, called "Perfekte Wêreld" (Perfect World).

## Other versions

The song 'Perfekte Welle' was covered in frenchcore style in 2021 by hardstyle DJ: BadRabbitz.

## Certifications

| Region | Certification | Certified units/sales |
| Austria (IFPI Austria) | Gold | 15,000$^*$ |
| Germany (BVMI) | Gold | 150,000$^^$ |
| $^*$ Sales figures based on certification alone. $^^$ Shipments figures based on certification alone. |||
# Saint-Juéry, Tarn

Saint-Juéry (French pronunciation:; Occitan: Sant Juèri) is a commune in the Tarn department in southern France. It lies adjacent to the east of Albi, the prefecture of Tarn.

## Steel industry

The Saut-du-Tarn Steel Works was established by Léon Talabot in Saint-Juéry in 1824 as L. Talabot & Cie. In 1881 a rolling mill hall was built with two mills. In 1882 a coke-fired blast furnace was installed for production of cast iron. The first hydroelectric power station was built in 1898, supplying electricity to the factory and the village. During the period from 1884 to 1934 many peasants came to work in the steel works from Cahuzaguet, Saint-Grégoire, Arthès, les Avalats and Marsal. Many settled in Saint-Juéry, which grew from 1,400 inhabitants in the 19th century to 7,000 inhabitants as of 2015. With the collapse of the iron and steel industry, the factory closed in 1983. As of 2015 there were still steel enterprises in the village of Saint-Juéry that employed over 250 people making hydraulic and oil valves, agricultural tools and speciality steel.
# Vyshny Dubovets

Vyshny Dubovets (Russian: Вышний Дубовец) is a rural locality (Russian: село, lit. 'village') in Chermoshnyansky Selsoviet Rural Settlement, Medvensky District, Kursk Oblast, Russia. Population: 256 (2010 Census); 251 (2002 Census);

## Geography

The village is located on the Dubovets Brook (a right tributary of the Polnaya in the basin of the Seym), 78 km (48 mi) from the Russia–Ukraine border, 35.5 km (22.1 mi) south-east of Kursk, 15.5 km (9.6 mi) east of the district center – the urban-type settlement Medvenka, 4.5 km (2.8 mi) from the selsoviet center – Nizhny Dubovets.

### Climate

Vyshny Dubovets has a warm-summer humid continental climate (Dfb in the Köppen climate classification).
Climate data for Vyshny Dubovets :
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | −4.2 (24.4) | −3.1 (26.4) | 2.8 (37.0) | 12.9 (55.2) | 19.3 (66.7) | 22.6 (72.7) | 25.3 (77.5) | 24.7 (76.5) | 18.2 (64.8) | 10.5 (50.9) | 3.3 (37.9) | −1.3 (29.7) | 10.9 (51.6) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | −6.2 (20.8) | −5.7 (21.7) | −0.8 (30.6) | 8.1 (46.6) | 14.7 (58.5) | 18.3 (64.9) | 20.9 (69.6) | 20 (68) | 14 (57) | 7.2 (45.0) | 1.1 (34.0) | −3.2 (26.2) | 7.4 (45.2) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | −8.8 (16.2) | −8.9 (16.0) | −5 (23) | 2.6 (36.7) | 8.9 (48.0) | 12.9 (55.2) | 15.7 (60.3) | 14.8 (58.6) | 9.6 (49.3) | 3.8 (38.8) | −1.2 (29.8) | −5.4 (22.3) | 3.3 (37.9) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 50 (2.0) | 43 (1.7) | 46 (1.8) | 48 (1.9) | 60 (2.4) | 68 (2.7) | 70 (2.8) | 54 (2.1) | 57 (2.2) | 57 (2.2) | 45 (1.8) | 48 (1.9) | 646 (25.5) |
| Source: https://en.climate-data.org/asia/russian-federation/kursk-oblast/вышнии-дубовец-681656/ ||||||||||||||

## Transport

Vyshny Dubovets is located 15.5 km (9.6 mi) from the federal route M-2 Crimea Highway (a part of the European route E105), 15.5 km (9.6 mi) from the road of intermunicipal significance 38H-236 (M2 "Crimea Highway" – Polevaya), 7 km (4.3 mi) from the road 38H-237 (M2 "Crimea Highway" – Polny – 38N-236), on the road 38H-240 (38N-237 – Vyshny Dubovets – border with Oboyansky District), 22.5 km (14.0 mi) from the nearest railway station Shumakovo (railway line Klyukva — Belgorod).
The rural locality is situated 38 km (24 mi) from Kursk Vostochny Airport, 86 km (53 mi) from Belgorod International Airport and 203 km (126 mi) from Voronezh Peter the Great Airport.
# Konarevka

Konarevka (Russian: Конаревка) is a rural locality (a village) in Balzinya Selsoviet, Meleuzovsky District, Bashkortostan, Russia. The population was 29 as of 2019. There are 3 streets.

## Geography

Konarevka is located 24 km southwest of Meleuz (the district's administrative centre) by road. Maljahansino is the nearest rural locality.
# National Archives of Ecuador

The National Archives of Ecuador (Spanish: Archivo Nacional del Ecuador) was created on 17 January 1884, under the auspices of President José María Plácido Caamaño. The present organizational structure was created in 1938. The National Archives is located in Quito, with a branch in San Juan de Ambato.
The historical archive covers the years 1538 to 1980, divided into four historical periods: the colonial period; Ecuador as part of Gran Colombia; the independence struggle; and the period of the republic.
The Director of the National Archives is doctora Rocío Pazmiño Acuña.
# Jordan (archbishop of Milan)

Jordan (Italian:Giordano da Clivio) was the Archbishop of Milan from 1 January 1112 to his death on 4 October 1120. Born in Clivio, he entered the church of Milan young and was ordained a subdeacon while serving under the Archbishop Grossolano.

## Jordan replaces Grossolano

He was appointed to Saint-Gilles, in Provence, France, to continue his education, as was typical for Milanese youths of his day. He was recalled in 1111 by Olrico da Corte, the vicedominus, and ordained a presbyter on 1 September by Ariald, Bishop of Genoa. The embattled Archbishop Grossolano travelled to the Holy Land, leaving Guazzone Comino and Amizone da Sala in charge with Arderic, Bishop of Lodi, as his acting vicar. On New Year's Day a council of equal numbers of supporters and opponents of the archbishop convened in his absence and, deposing him, elected Jordan to replace him. In February, Landulf, Bishop of Asti, consecrated the new archbishop to his post and, together with Ariald and Mainard, Bishop of Turin|Mainard of Turin, did homage to Jordan as his suffragans. Atto, Bishop of Acqui, and Arderic of Lodi refused to do homage to the new bishop and remained loyal to Grossolano. On 6 December, Mainard formally deposed Grossolano at the altar in S. Ambrogio. Jordan and Bernard, Bishop of Pavia, proclaimed a general peace throughout Lombardy, of which Jordan was now the primate. He received the recognition of Pope Paschal II, legitimising the irregularities of his election.

## Grossolano returns

In August 1113, Grossolano returned from his pilgrimage. Tensions were raised in the city of Milan, where the old archbishop still had some supporters. Finally, on 11 March 1116, Paschal declared Grossolano's transferral from the see of Savona to that of Milan to be invalid and thus null. He was transferred back to Savona and Jordan was again confirmed as the legitimate Ambrosian pontiff.

## Milan

Jordan was a staunch papist (later Guelph) and under him Milan was a centre of anti-imperial feeling. His episcopate saw the citizens of Milan grow in power. In 1116, they began electing consuls, with all secular powers that had been theretofore reserved for the bishops. In a solemn ceremony at S. Tecla, Jordan even excommunicated the reigning emperor, Henry V.
Jordan interfered extensively in his suffragan diocese. He deposed Armanno da Gavardo from Brescia and made the elected Villanus, Bishop of Brescia|Villanus bishop there. He deposed Ugo da Noceto in Cremona and raised Oberto da Dovara in his place. He intervened in the episcopal succession to Como in 1118 and sparked a nine-year war between the cities of Milan and Como. In Spring 1120, he met the returning Pope Callistus II at Tortona (the pope had been visiting France). Jordan died in the fall of 1120 and was buried in his basilica. He was succeeded by Olrico, who had first recalled him from Provence.

## Sources

* Landulf Iuniore di San Paolorem. Historia Mediolanensis.
* Caravale, Mario (ed). Dizionario Biografico degli Italiani: LV Ginammi – Giovanni da Crema. Rome, 2000.
# Saint-Georges-sur-Allier

Saint-Georges-sur-Allier (French pronunciation:, literally Saint-Georges on Allier; Occitan: Sent Jòrdi d'Alèir) is a commune in the Puy-de-Dôme department in Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes in central France.
# Chotíkov

Chotíkov (German: Kodiken) is a municipality and village in Plzeň-North District in the Plzeň Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 1,300 inhabitants.
Chotíkov lies approximately 7 kilometres (4 mi) north-west of Plzeň and 86 km (53 mi) south-west of Prague.

## Economy

A large-capacity municipal waste incinerator for nearby Plzeň has been built in the municipality.
# Norwegian Motor Trade Association

Headquartered in Majorstua borough, Oslo, the Norwegian Motor Trade Association (Norwegian: Norges Bilbransjeforbund, NBF) is a Norwegian employers' organisation, organized under the national Confederation of Norwegian Enterprise.
It traces its roots back to 1928.
The current CEO is Stig Morten Nilsen. Chairman of the board is Birger Skjellvik.
# Crime Wave (2018 film)

Crime Wave (Spanish: Ola de crímenes) is a 2018 Spanish black comedy film directed by Gracia Querejeta. The cast, led by Maribel Verdú, also features Juana Acosta, Paula Echevarría, Antonio Resines, Raúl Arévalo, Luis Tosar and Javier Cámara.

## Plot

Set in Biscay province of Spain, the plot follows the mishaps of Leyre, a well-off and happily divorced woman whose son has killed his father in a fit of rage, doing whatever it takes for the crime to remain unsolved, henceforth unleashing a wave of crimes across Bilbao and its surroundings.

## Cast

* Maribel Verdú as Leyre Blanco
* Juana Acosta as Susana Salazar
* Paula Echevarría as Vanesa
* Antonio Resines as Andoni Galarza
* Raúl Arévalo as El taxista
* Luis Tosar as Cosme
* Javier Cámara as Capellán
* Asier Ricarte as Asier
* Miguel Bernardeau Dato as Julen

## Production

The screenplay was penned by Luis Marías [ca]. The film is a Telecinco Cinema, Bowfinger International Pictures, Historias del Tío Luis and Crimen Zinema A.I.E. production and it had the participation of Mediaset España and Movistar+. It was shot in 2017 in locations of Biscay, including Getxo, Bilbao and Portugalete, as well as in Madrid.
Luis Marías, Ghislain Barrois, Álvaro Augustin, María Luisa Gutiérrez, Santiago Segura and Eduardo Carneros were credited as producers.

## Release

Distributed by Universal Pictures International Spain, the film was theatrically released in Spain on 5 October 2018.

## Reception

Reviewing for El Periódico de Catalunya, Beatriz Martínez rated the film with 2 out of 5 stars, lamenting the tone and the overly histrionic performances, considering that, despite welcoming the attempt to turn male archetypes into female ones, the result is uneven and nears a "retrograde" discourse.
Sergio F. Pinilla of Cinemanía gave the film 3 out of 5 stars, considering that Verdú does it well enough to sustain the film by herself, concluding that it was "silly, yes, but attractive".
Jordi Batlle Caminal of Fotogramas scored 3 out of 5 stars, highlighting the "perfectly matched" cast, while deeming the Querejeta's "stingy" mise-en-scène as the worst feature of the film.
Javier Ocaña of El País deemed Crime Wave to be a "deficient" film, configured as a madcap black comedy, yet rarely finding the right tone.
Luis Martínez of Metrópoli gave it 3 out of 5 stars, considering Crime Wave a film "as liberating as absolutely free. Feverish and suicidal. All at the same time", where "it is obligatory to surrender to Verdú's ability to be herself in many more ways than imaginable".
# Perachora

Perachora (Greek: Περαχώρα) is an inland settlement in Loutraki-Perachora-Agioi Theodoroi, Corinthia, in the region of Peloponnese in Greece. In Antiquity it was called Peiraion.
It is located about 7 km northwest of the town of Loutraki in the foothills of the Geraneia mountains. Perachora's name is a transformation of the phrase "Peraia Chora" meaning in Greek "the land on the other side" of the Isthmus of Corinth and the ancient city of Corinth. Perachora has a population of about 1,000 and it is built 300 metres above sea level.
The remains of the Heraion of Perachora, an ancient temple of Hera Limenia, are situated at the cape 8 km west of Perachora. The Limni Vouliagmeni lagoon is 6 km west of the village. In the lagoon area the epic movie The 300 Spartans was filmed in 1962. The area around the village has typically agricultural Mediterranean scenery with green-silver olive trees being the single most important crop. Extended pine forests exist in some of the surrounding mountains, sometimes reaching the coast. Notable local products include virgin olive oil and natural pine resin.
# List of Sasanian inscriptions

This is a list of Sasanian inscription, which include remaining official inscriptions on rocks, as well as minor ones written on bricks, metal, wood, hide, papyri, and gems. Their significance is in the areas of linguistics, history, and study of religion in Persia. Some of the inscriptions are lost and are known only through tradition.

## List of Sasanian inscriptions

Early royal Sasanian inscriptions were trilingual: Middle Persian (in Inscriptional Pahlavi), Parthian (in Inscriptional Parthian) and Greek. Since the rule of Narseh, Greek was omitted. Book Pahlavi script replaced Inscriptional Pahlavi in late Middle Persian inscriptions.
Sasanian inscriptions :
| Name | Attributed to | Location | Language(s) | Notes |
| Investiture of Ardashir I | Ardashir I | Naqsh-e Rostam, Fars | Middle Persian, Parthian, Greek | |
| Shapur I's inscription at the Ka'ba-ye Zartosht (ŠKZ, RGDS) | Shapur I | Kaaba-ye Zartosht | Middle Persian, Parthian, Greek | |
| Shapur I's inscription at Naqsh-e Rostam | Shapur I | Naqsh-e Rostam | Middle Persian, Parthian, Greek | Only part of the Greek inscriptions remains |
| Shapur I inscription in Hajiabad | Shapur I | Hajiabad, near Istakhr | Middle Persian, Parthian | |
| Kartir's inscription at Naghsh-e Rajab | Kartir | Naghsh-e Rajab | Middle Persian | |
| Paikuli inscription | Narseh | Barkal village, Sulaymaniyah Governorate, Iraq | Middle Persian, Parthian | |
| Inscription of Shapur Sakanshah | Shapur Sakanshah | Tachara Palace, Persepolis, Fars | Middle Persian | |
| Inscription of Shapur II and Shapur III at Taq-e Bostan | Shapur II, Shapur III | Taq-e Bostan | Middle Persian | |
| Inscription in the fire-temple of Abruwan | Mihr-Narseh | Abruwan | | Lost; attested in al-Istakhri's work |
| Inscription on Gor's bridge | Mihr-Narseh | Gor, Fars | Middle Persian | |
* Parthian version of Shapur I's inscription at the Ka'ba-ye Zartosht
* Parthian (above), along with Greek (below) versions of Shapur inscription in Naqsh-e Rajab
* Shapur III's inscription in Taq-e Bostan
* Inscription of Apasa the Scribe
* Sasanian inscription in Meshginshahr
* Stone cross with Book Pahlavi writings. Valiyapalli Church in Kottayam, Kerala, India
* Sasanian relief with Inscriptional Pahlavi monogram ʾpr, which stands for abzūn farr, meaning "May his farr increase!"
# Euskal Oiloa

The Euskal Oiloa, Spanish: Gallina Vasca, is a breed of domestic chicken from the autonomous community of the Basque Country in north-eastern Spain and south-western France. It is the traditional rural chicken of the area, a rustic dual-purpose breed of Atlantic type, and differs from Mediterranean Spanish breeds such as the Castellana Negra and the Minorca in several respects: it has yellow legs and feet, red earlobes, and lays brown eggs.

## History

The Euskal Oiloa is the traditional chicken of the Basque rural economy. It was distributed throughout the historical territories of Araba, Bizkaia and Gipuzkoa, and gave both meat and brown eggs. In the twentieth century it was at first not threatened by imported commercial hybrid layer chickens and the spread of highly intensive chicken farming methods, as breeds such as the Leghorn laid white eggs, while Basque consumers preferred brown. Later, when brown-egg commercial hybrids appeared, they began to displace the traditional breed in many households.
Selective breeding of the Euskal Oiloa was begun in 1975 as part of the conservation programme for indigenous chicken breeds of the Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria, the national public agrarian research institute. The decision to seek official breed status for these birds was taken at that time. A breed association, the Asociación de Criadores de Razas Aviares Vascas or EOALAK, was founded in 2006.
The breed standard of the Euskal Oiloa was officially approved on 15 March 2001. It is included in the official list of indigenous Spanish breeds in the royal decree of 26 December 2008, which established the national livestock breed conservation programme, where it is listed among the indigenous breeds at risk of extinction. At the end of 2013 a population of 10,872 birds was reported, all from the País Vasco.

## Characteristics

The Euskal Oiloa is a medium-heavy breed: cocks weigh about 3.6 kg, hens about 2.5 kg. The comb is single, with five to seven well-defined points. The comb, face, wattles and earlobes are red; the earlobes are narrow and pointed. The beak is curved in the cock, less so in the hen. The legs, feet and skin are yellow.
Five colour varieties are recognized: Beltza (black), Gorria (red), Lepasoila (naked-necked, red-brown), Marraduna (golden cuckoo) and Zilarra (black-tailed white). The Lepasoila, like other naked-necked chickens, has red skin on the neck.

## Use

Euskal Oiloa hens lay 209–220 brown eggs weighing about 60 g per year. Much of the meat production is in the form of capons; chemical castration is not used. In 2008 the Euskal Oiloa was added to the Slow Food Ark of Taste.
* The Gorria variety
* The Lepasoila variety
* The Marraduna variety
* The Zilarra variety
# Knightwood Oak

The Knightwood Oak is a pedunculate oak and the largest, and perhaps most famous, oak tree in the New Forest, in southern England. It is also known as the Queen of the Forest. It is over 500 years old and has a girth of 7.38 metres (24.2 ft). The tree is still growing. It was pollarded when about 200 years old and is thought to have been last pollarded in the mid 19th century.
The tree is located about 2.4 miles (3.9 km) WSW of Lyndhurst and just north of the A35 road at grid reference SU265065. There is a car park nearby and a gravel path, suitable for wheelchairs, leads to and around the tree. An interpretative panel explains the tree's history. A fence encircles the tree to protect its roots from soil compaction due to foot traffic. The tree has been popular with visitors for a long time and at the height of its fame, in Victorian times, people would come from far and wide to see it. It is even reputed to have been visited by Henry VIII during a hunting expedition in the forest.
In February 2006, Forestry England harvested twigs from the tree to produce new ‘Knightwood’ oaks with identical genes. Some will be planted near the original tree, while others will go to New Park, near Brockenhurst.
# Petrovskoye, Ishimbaysky District, Republic of Bashkortostan

Petrovskoye (Russian: Петро́вское) is a rural locality (a selo) and the administrative centre of Petrovsky Selsoviet, Ishimbaysky District, Bashkortostan, Russia. The population was 2,580 as of 2010. There are 21 streets.

## Geography

Petrovskoye is located 35 km northeast of Ishimbay (the district's administrative centre) by road. Vasilyevka is the nearest rural locality.
# Masseilles

Masseilles (French pronunciation:; Occitan: Macelhas) is a commune in the Gironde department in Nouvelle-Aquitaine in southwestern France.