OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Ano Pogoni

Ano Pogoni (Greek: Άνω Πωγώνι) is a former municipality in the Ioannina regional unit, Epirus, Greece. Since the 2011 local government reform it is part of the municipality Pogoni, of which it is a municipal unit. The municipal unit has an area of 137.084 km$^2$. The seat of the municipality was in Kefalovryso.

## Subdivisions

The municipal unit Ano Pogoni is subdivided into the following communities (constituent villages in brackets):
* Agios Kosmas
* Kakolakkos
* Kato Meropi
* Kefalovryso
* Meropi (formerly Roumpates)
* Oraiokastro
* Palaiopyrgos
* Roupsia
* Vasiliko

## Names

The name Ano Pogoni means "Upper Pogoni". Some Albanian toponyms exist for names of villages in the Pogoni area such as Roumpates meaning robe or garment.

## History

During the Balkan Wars (autumn 1912) a number of villages in the area were affected by raids of Muslim bands. At the end of the Balkan Wars most of the Pogoni area became part Greece, while six villages (Lower Pogoni) were ceded to the newly established Principality of Albania.
# Tsakoni, Kastoria

Tsakoni (Greek: Τσάκονη) is a village in Kastoria Regional Unit, Macedonia, Greece.
The 1920 Greek census recorded 354 people in the village, and 200 inhabitants (40 families) were Muslim in 1923. Following the Greek–Turkish population exchange, Greek refugee families in Tsakoni were from Asia Minor (10) and Pontus (18) in 1926. The 1928 Greek census recorded 341 village inhabitants. In 1928, the refugee families numbered 26 (106 people).
In 1945, Greek Foreign Minister Ioannis Politis ordered the compilation of demographic data regarding the Prefecture of Kastoria. The village Tsakoni had a total of 466 inhabitants, and was populated by 50 Slavophones without a Bulgarian national consciousness.
# Kuhn slide

The Kuhn slide (German: Kuhnsche Schleife) is part of a modified Walschaerts (German: Heusinger) valve gear on steam locomotives and is named after its inventor, Michael Kuhn (1851–1903). The term is also used to refer to this particular type of Walschaerts valve gear system as a whole.

## Overview

Problems often arise in incorporating a Walschaerts valve gear into the design of tank and narrow gauge locomotives because of space limitations. The reversing rod (with its lifting arm), needed to change between forward and reverse running, is therefore mounted at the same level as the pivot of the expansion link. This enables the lifting link (German: Hängeeisen) to be dispensed with, and the lifting arm to be connected directly to the radius rod. To ensure the required horizontal movement, the back end of the radius rod is designed as a slide (the 'Kuhn slide') which fits into a rotatable crosshead (Gleitstein) in the lifting arm.

## Advantages

The Kuhn valve gear was not as widespread as the classic Walschaerts valve gear as its production costs were higher. One advantage of the Kuhn slide is that it runs equally smoothly in either direction. For that reason it was preferred on tank locomotives which, for operational reasons, often had to run backwards for long periods.
One locomotive that benefited was the Prussian P 8. After the first 250 were built, the valve gear was changed and the Kuhn slide was added. Together with larger counterweights on the driving wheels improved the locomotives running characteristics.

## Variations

A variation of the Kuhn slide was developed by the Winterthur Locomotive Works. On the so-called Winterthur valve gear the expansion link itself is attached to the reversing shaft, both having a common pivot.
# Buzyurovo

Buzyurovo (Russian: Бузюрово; Bashkir: Бозор, Bozor; Tatar: Боҗыр, Bocır) is a rural locality (a selo) and the administrative centre of Buzyurovsky Selsoviet, Bakalinsky District, Bashkortostan, Russia. The population was 486 as of 2010. There are 6 streets.

## Geography

Buzyurovo is located 24 km southwest of Bakaly (the district's administrative centre) by road. Alexandrovka is the nearest rural locality.
# Corrèze, Corrèze

Corrèze (French pronunciation: ; Occitan: Corrèsa) is a commune in the central French department of Corrèze.

## Geography

Corrèze is situated in the Massif Central in south-central France, within the regional nature park of Millevaches en Limousin. It borders on Vitrac-sur-Montane to the northeast, Saint-Priest-de-Gimel to the southeast, Bar to the southwest, and Meyrignac-l'Église to the northwest. A little further to the southwest, about 20 kilometers from Corrèze, lies Tulle, the prefecture of the department. The Corrèze (river) flows through the town, which is where it gets its name.

## History

The first known mention of Corrèze dates from the ninth century A.D.. Later, it became a stop along the pilgrimage to Saint-Jacques-de-Compostelle, or Santiago de Compostella, and a town formed around the church. It was burnt down by the English during the Hundred Years War, but rebuilt later in the fifteenth century. The 1789 French Revolution did not have any notable effects on the town itself; the First World War, however, claimed over one hundred lives. With the onset of rural exodus and urbanization, the town has never reestablished its former population.
# Loudenvielle

Loudenvielle (French pronunciation:; Occitan: Lodenvièla) is a commune in the Hautes-Pyrénées department in south-western France. On 1 January 2016, the former commune Armenteule was merged into Loudenvielle.
Its inhabitants are called Loudenviellois.
Located in the Louron Valley, Loudenvielle is a popular tourist resort, with a lake, campsite, thermal spa and waterpark. It is also the closest town to the Peyragudes and Val-Louron ski resorts.
It is situated at the foot of the Col de Peyresourde and has hosted three stage finishes in the Tour de France, including the finish of Stage 15 in 2007.

## Tour de France stage finishes

| Year | Stage | Start of stage | Distance (km) | Stage winner | Yellow jersey |
| 2020 | 8 | Cazères-sur-Garonne | 141 | Nans Peters | Adam Yates |
| 2007 | 15 | Foix | 196 | Kim Kirchen | Michael Rasmussen |
| 2003 | 14 | Saint-Girons | 192 | Gilberto Simoni | Lance Armstrong |
| 1997 | 9 | Pau | 182 | Laurent Brochard | Cédric Vasseur |
In the 2007 tour, the original stage winner was Alexander Vinokourov, but in April 2008 the win was credited to Kim Kirchen following Vinokourov's failing a drug test.
# Polhov Gradec Castle

Polhov Gradec Castle (Slovene: Grad Polhov Gradec, German: Billichgrätz or Pilchgrez, also known as the Old Castle, Stari Grad) is a castle ruin above the settlement of Polhov Gradec, in the Municipality of Dobrova–Polhov Gradec in central Slovenia. It is located on Calvary Hill (Kalvarija, also known as Old Castle–Calvary Hill, Stari grad - Kalvarija, 460 m) immediately northwest of the town center.

## History

The castle or fortress was built in the second half of the 12th century by the Spanheim ministeriales the knights Billichgrätz (Polhograjski). The noble Henrik Polhograjski was listed as the owner of the castle (or fort) of Pilchgrez in 1261. In 1360, half of the castle was obtained by count Otto of Ortenburg, and in the mid-14th century its owners were relatives of the Polhograjskis, the noble house of Gall. In 1364, Ulrik Polhograjski and his uncle Konrad Gall sold the castle and lordship to the counts of Celje. After the extinction of the house of Celje with the death of Ulrik II of Celje in 1456, the Polhov Gradec lordship passed to the Habsburgs. Around 1470, the Polhov Gradec line also became extinct, and the Habsburgs gave the estate in ducal fief to a succession of tenants, including the knights Luegger, Andreas von Gall (until 1504), and Baron Kasper von Lamberg (1492-1548). The castle was damaged by the earthquakes of 1348 and 1511, but its death blow was struck in 1514 when it was thoroughly wrecked during a major peasant revolt, after which the site was abandoned and the lordship transferred to the lower castle, Polhov Gradec Manor (Polhograjska graščina).
At the site of the old castle an octagonal gloriette was later built, which Countess Antonia Ursini von Blagay (1792–1869), the last heir of the Billichgrätz family, turned into a chapel in 1853, adding 14 shrines for the Stations of the Cross to it to create a Calvary.
# Aramon, Gard

Aramon (French pronunciation:; Occitan: Aramon) is a commune in the Gard department in southern France near Avignon.

## Personalities

Aramon was the birthplace of Henri Pitot (1695–1771), hydraulic engineer and inventor of the Pitot tube, and Shirine Boukli (b. 1999), Olympic judoka. International footballer Younès Belhanda was born in nearby Avignon and raised in Aramon.

## Economy

From 1977 until 2016, a thermal power station was operated in Aramon by EDF. It was converted into a photovoltaic power station in 2019. The chimney of the former facility was 252 metres tall, the highest in Europe and one of the tallest structures in France.
# Sauviat

Sauviat (French pronunciation:; Occitan: Sauviac) is a commune in the Puy-de-Dôme department in Auvergne in central France.
# Kreis Schwerin an der Warthe

Kreis Schwerin an der Warthe (Polish: Powiat skwierzyński) was a district in Prussia, first in the southern administrative Region of Posen within the Prussian Province of Posen (until 1920), then within the Province of the Frontier March of Posen-West Prussia (until 1 October 1938) and at last as part of the administrative Region of Frankfurt within the Province of Brandenburg (until 1945). It presently lies in the western part of Polish region of Lubusz Voivodeship.

## History

The district was formed in 1887 from parts of the Kreis Birnbaum. After the First World War, Kreis Schwerin and few more districts belonged to the truncated remnant of the Province of Posen remaining with the Free State of Prussia, Germany. Together with Kreis Bomst and Kreis Meseritz, the Kreis Schwerin formed a western territorial exclave of Posen-West Prussia. The district capital of Schwerin an der Warthe (now Skwierzyna), was distinguished from Schwerin in Mecklenburg by the name of the Warthe river, upon which it is located. When the Posen-West Prussia province was dissolved in 1938 the bulk of its territory, anyway neighbouring Pomerania, was annexed to that province, whereas its western exclave became part of the Province of Brandenburg.

## Demographics

The district had a German majority with a significant Polish minority.
Ethnolinguistic structure of Kreis Schwerin :
| | Population | German | German | Polish / Bilingual / Other | Polish / Bilingual / Other |
| 1905 | 21,840 | 20,145 | 92.2% | 1,695 | 7.8% |
| 1910 | 21,620 | 19,729 | 91.3% | 1,891 | 8.7% |
# Brankovice

Brankovice (German: Brankowitz) is a market town in Vyškov District in the South Moravian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 900 inhabitants.

## Etymology

The name is derived from the personal name Branek, meaning "the village of Branek's people".

## Geography

Brankovice is located about 17 kilometres (11 mi) southeast of Vyškov and 36 km (22 mi) east of Brno. It lies in the Litenčice Hills. The highest point is at 364 m (1,194 ft) above sea level. The Litava River flows through the market town.

## History

The first written mention of Brankovice is from 1348. In the next decades, the village was owned by various lower noblemen. In 1511, it was annexed to the Bučovice estate. From 1597, the Bučovice estate was owned by the Liechtenstein family. During the Thirty Years' War, Brankovice was badly damaged and the population decreased.

## Demographics

| Year | Pop. | ±% |
| 1869 | 866 | — |
| 1880 | 891 | +2.9% |
| 1890 | 930 | +4.4% |
| 1900 | 966 | +3.9% |
| 1910 | 958 | −0.8% |
| Year | Pop. | ±% |
| 1921 | 1,071 | +11.8% |
| 1930 | 1,173 | +9.5% |
| 1950 | 1,026 | −12.5% |
| 1961 | 1,001 | −2.4% |
| 1970 | 897 | −10.4% |
| Year | Pop. | ±% |
| 1980 | 883 | −1.6% |
| 1991 | 927 | +5.0% |
| 2001 | 933 | +0.6% |
| 2011 | 893 | −4.3% |
| 2021 | 877 | −1.8% |
Source: Censuses :

## Transport

The I/50 road (part of the European route E50) from Brno to Uherské Hradiště passes through the municipality.
Brankovice is located on the railway line Brno–Uherské Hradiště.

## Sights

The main landmark of Brankovice is the Church of Saint Nicholas. It was built in the Baroque style in 1714. It was built on the site of an older church, which burned down in 1690.
# Oktyabrsky, Dobryanka, Perm Krai

Oktyabrsky (Russian: Октябрьский) is a rural locality (a settlement) in Dobryansky District, Perm Krai, Russia. The population was 25 as of 2010. There are 4 streets.
# Russian tender Veliky Knyaz Konstantin

Veliky Knyaz Konstantin (Russian: Великий князь Константин) was the name of a torpedo boat tender of the Russian Navy named after the Grand Duke (Veliky Knyaz) Konstantin of Russia, and which served in the Russo-Turkish War of 1877-78. Stepan Osipovich Makarov, a famous Russian Navy commander, was the captain of the ship.
She was laid down as a passenger ship, but was fitted out as a torpedo boat tender to the design of Stepan Makarov in 1877. She carried four small torpedo boats: Chesma (Чесма), Sinop (Синоп), Navarin (Наварин) and Miner (Минер).
On 18 June 1877, she captured and sunk three or four Ottoman schooners in the Black Sea. Their crews were rescued and landed. The first vessel ever sunk by self-propelled torpedoes was the Turkish steamer Intibah, on 16 January 1878, during the Russo-Turkish War of 1877–78. She was hit by torpedoes launched from torpedo boats operating from the tender under the command of Stepan Osipovich Makarov.
# Concha (disambiguation)

Concha is a traditional Mexican sweet bread roll.
Concha may also refer to:
* Concha (name), list of people with the name
* Concha (κόγχη, κόγχος), meaning seashell in Greek and named like this due to its shape, was an ancient Greek and Roman vessel of different size and was used for various purposes as saltcellars, for oils, perfumes, etc
* Concha, the hollow next to the ear canal in the auricle
* Nasal concha, a curled shelf of bone that protrudes into the breathing passage of the nose
* Conchera, or concha, Mexican stringed-instruments
* Concha, a Spanish profanity in some countries for female genitalia
* Concha Formation, a geologic formation in Texas and Arizona
* Concha or Concho (ornament), a typically oval silver ornament found in Native American art
* Concho language, an extinct Uto-Aztecan language
# Saint-Pons, Ardèche

Saint-Pons (French pronunciation:; Occitan: Sant Ponç) is a commune in the Ardèche department in southern France.
# Ironton Sandstone

The Ironton Sandstone is a geologic formation in Indiana.
# Tierra Blanca, Guanajuato

Tierra Blanca is a city and municipality in northeastern Guanajuato, Mexico. Covering an area of 391.65 square kilometers (1.09% of the state's total surface area), it shares borders with Santa Catarina to the north, the state of Querétaro to the south and east, San José Iturbide to the west, and Doctor Mora to the northwest. According to the 2005 census, the municipality had a population of 14,515. In pre-Hispanic times, the area now known as Tierra Blanca was primarily inhabited by the Chichimeca people.
Tierra Blanca was established and designated as a municipality in 1536 by order of the first viceroy of New Spain, Antonio de Mendoza, making it one of the oldest municipalities in Guanajuato.
The current municipal president of Tierra Blanca and its smaller outlying communities is Ernesto Reyes Pérez.
# Peyrouse

Peyrouse (French pronunciation:; Occitan: Peirosa) is a commune in the Hautes-Pyrénées department in south-western France.
# Allos gia to ekatommyrio

Allos gia to ekatommyrio (Greek: Άλλος για το εκατομμύριο, romanized: Alos gia to ekatomirio, Somebody for a Millionaire) is a 1964 Greek comedy film directed by Orestis Laskos and written by Nikos Tsiforos and starring Mimis Fotopoulos, Giannis Gkionakis, Beata Assimakopoulou, Vassilis Avlonitis and Eleni Anoussaki.

## Plot

Until some jokingly honest employee holds his bill for his friend for a millionaire without any directions. The problems started when his friend died in an air crash and the honest employee (Mimis Fotopoulos) prepared to return for much to the lawful inheritance.

## Cast

* Mimis Fotopoulos as Savvas
* Vasilis Avlonitis as Babis
* Giannis Gkionakis as Kokos
* Eleni Anousaki as Nelli
* Stavros Paravas as Stratos
* Beata Assimakopoulou as Anna
* Giorgos Kappis as Aristidis Fysekis
* Katerina Gioulaki as Loulou
* Marika Krevata as Matina
* Betty Moschona as Loukidou
* Periklis Christoforidis as Karpidis
* Dimitris Mavrommatis as Jim
* Giorgos Velentzas as Vangelis
* Nassos Kedrakas as Charilaos
# Eymeux

Eymeux (French pronunciation:; Occitan: Aimue) is a commune in the Drôme department in the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region in southeastern France.
# Danny McCarthy (footballer)

Daniel John Anthony McCarthy (26 September 1942 – July 2019) was a Welsh professional footballer who played as a winger. He made seven appearances in the Football League for Cardiff City.
# Zgierz County

Zgierz County (Polish: powiat zgierski) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Łódź Voivodeship, central Poland. It came into being on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms in 1998. Its administrative seat and largest town is Zgierz, which lies 9 kilometres (6 mi) north-west of the regional capital Łódź. The county contains four other towns: Ozorków, lying 16 km (10 mi) north-west of Zgierz, Aleksandrów Łódzki, lying 9 km (6 mi) south-west of Zgierz, Głowno, 24 km (15 mi) north-east of Zgierz, and Stryków, 15 km (9 mi) north-east of Zgierz.
The county covers an area of 853.71 square kilometres (329.6 sq mi). As of 2016, its total population is 165,206, out of which the population of Zgierz is 56,929, that of Ozorków is 19,809, that of Aleksandrów Łódzki is 21,380, that of Głowno is 14,534, that of Stryków is 3,477, and the rural population is 49,077.

## Neighbouring counties

Zgierz County is bordered by Łowicz County to the north-east, Brzeziny County to the east, the city of Łódź, Łódź East County and Pabianice County to the south, Poddębice County to the west, and Łęczyca County to the north-west.

## Administrative division

The county is subdivided into nine gminas (three urban, two urban-rural and four rural). These are listed in the following table, in descending order of population.
| Gmina | Type | Area (km$^2$) | Population (2016) | Seat |
| Zgierz | urban | 42.3 | 56,929 | |
| Gmina Aleksandrów Łódzki | urban-rural | 115.6 | 30,980 | Aleksandrów Łódzki |
| Ozorków | urban | 15.5 | 19,809 | |
| Głowno | urban | 19.8 | 14,534 | |
| Gmina Zgierz | rural | 199.2 | 13,743 | Zgierz * |
| Gmina Stryków | urban-rural | 157.8 | 12,418 | Stryków |
| Gmina Ozorków | rural | 95.2 | 6,942 | Ozorków * |
| Gmina Parzęczew | rural | 103.8 | 5,012 | Parzęczew |
| Gmina Głowno | rural | 104.5 | 4,839 | Głowno * |
| * seat not part of the gmina |||||
# Kato Tithorea

Kato Tithorea (Greek: Κάτω Τιθορέα, Lower Tithorea) is a town in Phthiotis, in central Greece. Since the 2011 local government reform it is part of the municipality Amfikleia-Elateia, of which it is the seat. It has a population 1,841 according to the 2011 Greek census. It is situated on the right bank of the river Cephissus and between the Parnassus and Kallidromo mountains, 11 km east of Amfikleia and 24 km northwest of Livadeia. Nearby places includes Panagitsa (northeast), Agia Paraskevi (southeast) and Tithorea (southwest).

## Name

The town first appears in the modern era, as Καλύβια Τιθορέας (literally Tithorea Shacks). Between 1912 and 1955 the village was called Κηφισοχώριον (Kifisochorion), literally Village of Cephissus, in reference of the local river. The new name of Kato Tithorea, literally Lower Tithorea, was adopted on 11 May 1955 and is in reference to the nearby village of Tithorea, which traces its roots to the ancient Phocian town of the same name mentioned by Pausanias and Herodotus among others. Tithorea itself is, according to Pausanias, named after Tithorea, a tree nymph particularly associated with oaks.

## Transport

The town is served by the Tithorea railway station on the Piraeus–Platy railway, part of the main railway line connecting Athens and Thessaloniki, which opened in 1904. The station received a major refurbishment and upgrade in the 2016–2017 period as part of the Tithorea-Leianokladi-Domokos high-speed rail bypass, a 20-year project which starts at Kato Tithorea and includes the longest railway tunnel in the Balkans. The new bypass, which starts at Kato Tithorea and ends at Domokos, replaced the older mountainous part of the Piraeus–Platy railway line with an electrified line capable of speeds of up to 200 kilometres per hour (120 mph).
Kato Tithorea is also transversed by the old Greek National Road 3, a single carriageway which served as the main road link between Athens and Thessaloniki until the construction of what is now the A1 motorway in 1962.

## Notable people

* Filopimin Finos, the founder of Finos Film, a film production company that dominated the Greek film industry from 1943 to 1977
* Ioannis Grivas, President of the Court of Cassation and caretaker Prime Minister in 1989
# Zeon (liturgy)

Zeon (Greek: ζέον "boiling", "fervor") is a liturgical action which takes place in the Divine Liturgy of the Rite of Constantinople, during which hot water is added to the chalice.

## Origins

The historical beginnings of the ritual are unknown; however, it is clearly of ancient origin. The practice of drinking wine mixed with water existed already in Ancient Greece. Drinking wine unmixed was uncommon, and was signaled as such. The Sephardi Hebrews had the practice of meziga (mixing) the Kiddush wine with water. The Christian Orthodox and Sephardic customs may share the same Oriental origin.

## Description

Immediately following the fraction, the altar server hands the deacon a vessel of hot water. The deacon presents it to the priest and says, "Bless, Master, the hot water." The priest blesses it with his right hand saying, "Blessed is the fervor of Thy saints, always, now and ever, and unto the ages of ages. Amen." The deacon pours a portion of the hot water into the chalice, making the Sign of the Cross with the water, as he says, "The fervor of faith, full of the Holy Spirit." Symbolically, the warm water represents the water which flowed from the side of Jesus at the time of the Crucifixion; and also the Christian belief that the Body of Christ is life-giving. Orthodox Christians believe that they partake of the Resurrected Body and Blood of Christ, and the warmth of the chalice is a reminder of that doctrine.

## Vessel

The same term is used as a noun to describe the vessel used for this purpose. The type of vessel used differs depending upon whether the Greek or Slavic Rite is used. In the Greek practice, the zeon vessel tends to be shaped like a very small ewer set on a tiny plate. The Slavic practice, by contrast, uses a larger vessel shaped like a cup with a flat handle, set on a somewhat larger plate. Both traditions use enough to heat the entire chalice.
# Old English Martyrology

The Old English Martyrology is a collection of over 230 hagiographies, probably compiled in Mercia, or by someone who wrote in the Mercian dialect of the Old English language, in the second half of the 9th century.
The sources of the Old English Martyrology include the works of Bede, Aldhelm, Eddius, Adomnán, Gregory the Great, and Isidore of Seville, showing that the scribe had access to a significant library. He even have had access to the Syriac Acts of Mar Milus or an otherwise unknown Latin translation of it, since he includes the Persian martyr Milus of Susa (15 November). This work could have been brought to England by Theodore of Tarsus.
Five principal manuscripts survive, all fragmentary. Parts of January, and much of February and December are missing. The standard modern edition is by Günter Kotzor, Das altenglische Martyrologium (Abhandlungen der Bayerischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, volumes 88/1 and 88/2, 1981). Earlier editions, replaced by Kotzor's work, include Herzfeld's An Old English Martyrology (Early English Text Society, no. 116, 1900). An English translation by Christine Rauer became available in 2013.