OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Bensberg Castle

Bensberg Castle (German: Schloss Bensberg) is a former royal hunting lodge in Bergisch Gladbach, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. It is now operated as a luxury hotel under the name 'Althoff Grandhotel Schloss Bensberg'. The central axis of the building complex is exactly aligned with Cologne Cathedral.

## History

The hotel was built in the early 18th century. During the COVID-19 pandemic, association football club 1. FC Köln moved their quarantine training grounds to the site. From October 1945 to March 1946 it was the home of the 2nd Battalion Welsh Guards.
# Nikolayevka, Alataninsky Selsoviet, Sterlitamaksky District, Republic of Bashkortostan

Nikolayevka (Russian: Николаевка) is a rural locality (a selo) in Alataninsky Selsoviet, Sterlitamaksky District, Bashkortostan, Russia. The population was 66 as of 2010.

## Geography

It is located 29 km from Sterlitamak, 4 km from Alatana.
# Akhunovo, Uchalinsky District, Republic of Bashkortostan

Akhunovo (Russian: Ахуново; Bashkir: Ахун, Axun) is a rural locality (a selo) and the administrative centre of Akhunovsky Selsoviet, Uchalinsky District, Bashkortostan, Russia. The population was 2,449 as of 2010. There are 55 streets.

## Geography

Akhunovo is located 25 km southeast of Uchaly (the district's administrative centre) by road. Kidysh is the nearest rural locality.
# Montastruc-de-Salies

Montastruc-de-Salies (French pronunciation:; Occitan: Montastruc de Salias) is a commune in the Haute-Garonne department in southwestern France.
# Eusebius of Emesa

Eusebius of Emesa (Greek: Εὐσέβιος; c. 300 – c. 360) was a learned Christian cleric of the Greek church, and a pupil of Eusebius of Caesarea. He was born in Edessa (in today's southeastern Turkey) and became the bishop of Emesa (in today's Syria). The Latin form of his name is Eusebius Emesenus.
After receiving his early education in his native town, he studied theology at Caesarea in Palestine and Antioch, and philosophy and science at Alexandria. Among his teachers were Eusebius of Caesarea and Patrophilus of Scythopolis.
The reputation he acquired for learning and eloquence led to his being offered the see of Alexandria in succession to the deposed Athanasius at the beginning of 339, but he declined, and the council of Antioch chose Gregory of Cappadocia, "a fitter agent for the rough work to be done." Eusebius accepted the small bishopric of Emesa (the modern Homs), but his powers as mathematician and astronomer led his flock to accuse him of practising sorcery, and he had to flee to Laodicea (the modern Latakia). A reconciliation was effected by the patriarch of Antioch, but tradition says that Eusebius finally resigned his charge and lived a studious life in Antioch.
His fame as an astrologer commended him to the notice of the Roman emperor Constantius II, with whom he became a great favourite, accompanying him on many of his expeditions. The theological sympathies of Eusebius were with the semi-Arian party, but his interest in the controversy was not strong. His life was written by his friend George of Laodicea. He was a man of extraordinary learning, great eloquence and considerable intellectual power, but of his numerous writings only a few fragments are now in existence.
A considerable number of his sermons are extant, although they have not always been recognised as his work. Butyaert discovered a manuscript at Troyes in 1914 containing a Latin translation of some sermons. A collection also exists in Armenian, combined with some sermons of Severian of Gabala.
# Elateia (Epirus)

39°09′48″N 20°42′56″E﻿ / ﻿39.1632°N 20.7155°E﻿ / 39.1632; 20.7155
Elateia or Elatia (Greek: Ἐλάτεια), also Elatreia or Elatria (Ἐλατρία), was a town of the Cassopaei in Thesprotia, in ancient Epirus, mentioned by Strabo, along with Batiae and Pandosia. It is said to have been a colony of Elis (in the Peloponnese, Greece).
Its location is believed to be at the foot of Mount Zalongo, north of the modern village of Paliorophoro. This site was settled from prehistoric times. Archaeologists suggest that the settlement was fortified with a polygonal wall of 1,690 metres (5,540 feet) in circumference, which enclosed an area corresponding to a population of about 3,800.
# Karig

Karig (Persian: كاريگ, also Romanized as Kārīg; also known as Gārīk) is a village in Madvarat Rural District, in the Central District of Shahr-e Babak County, Kerman Province, Iran. As of 2019, Karig has been uninhabited.
# Virtual Shtetl

The Virtual Shtetl (Polish: Wirtualny Sztetl) is a bilingual Polish-English portal of the Museum of the History of Polish Jews in Warsaw, devoted to the Jewish history of Poland.

## History

The Virtual Shtetl website was officially launched on June 16, 2009 by founder Albert Stankowski. The portal lists over 1,900 towns with maps, statistics and picture galleries. In the future, it will also include an interactive system by which Internet users will interact with each other. It creates a link between Polish-Jewish history and the contemporary, multi-cultural world.
The Virtual Shtetl is an extension of the real Museum scheduled to open in 2011 on the site of the Warsaw ghetto. Its main objective is to provide a unique social forum for everyone interested in Polish-Jewish life. The "Virtual Shtetl" re-tells the history of Polish Jews which existed, to a great extent, in a town or a village (Yiddish: shtetl). But besides that, it also provides information about German Jews and the Jewish life of the Eastern territories of Germany.
The portal provides information on small towns and big cities—both about the past and the present. It covers both contemporary and pre-war Poland. The English version enables Jews from all over the world to research their own Polish ancestry. Creating a fuller picture of Polish-Jewish history and Polish-Jewish relations was possible thanks to the efforts of many institutions, organizations and individuals. Because the subject is so broad, the initiatives for further research and development are considered infinite. Numerous resources have been provided by the Polin portal and the Jewish.org.pl community portal. Other Internet projects which have participated were the www.izrael.badacz.org and Diapozytyw (Adam Mickiewicz Institute) as well as the Jewish Historical Institute.
# Ribița

Ribița (Hungarian: Ribice, German: Kellerdorf) is a commune in Hunedoara County, Transylvania, Romania. It is composed of six villages: Crișan (formerly Vaca; Váka), Dumbrava de Jos (Alsózsunk), Dumbrava de Sus (Felsőzsunk), Ribicioara (Ribicsora), Ribița, and Uibărești (Újbáresd).
The commune is located in the northern part of Hunedoara County, 7 km (4.3 mi) from the city of Brad, Hunedoara and 45 km (28 mi) from the county seat, Deva. It lies on the banks of the river Ribița, which discharges into the Crișul Alb at the southern edge of the commune. To the north are the Bihor Mountains and to the south are the Metaliferi Mountains.
Just 3 km (2 mi) south of Ribița, on the other side of the Crișul Alb River, pass the European route E79 and the CFR main line 200, which runs from Brașov to Arad and on to the Hungarian border.
The Crișan Monastery [ro], also known as Vaca Monastery, was built in the late 16th century, with support from Michael the Brave. Located in the eponymous village, the monastery fell into disuse in the late 18th century, but was rebuilt in 1992.

## Natives

Crișan village is named after Gheorghe Crișan [ro] (1732–1785), one of the leaders of the Revolt of Horea, Cloșca and Crișan. His birthplace is now a memorial house; in front of the house is a bust of Crișan, produced by Marcel Olinescu.
Poet Vlaicu Bârna (1913–1999) was also born in Crișan village.
# Bukovec, Velike Lašče

Bukovec (pronounced; in older sources also Bukovica, German: Bukowitz) is a small remote settlement in the hills on the edge of the Municipality of Velike Lašče in Slovenia. Traditionally the area is part of the Lower Carniola region. It is now included in the Central Slovenia Statistical Region.

## Name

The name Bukovec is derived from the common noun bukev 'beech'. Like similar toponyms in Slovenia (e.g., Bukovica, Bukovo, Bukovje), it originally referred to the local vegetation. In the past the German name was Bukowitz.

## History

During the Second World War, the Partisans often took refuge in Bukovec, and the commands of various Partisan brigades operated in the area. On 22 March 1942, Italian forces burned all of the houses in the village.

### Mass graves

Bukovec is the site of three known mass graves associated with the Second World War. The Mačkovec Mass Grave (Slovene: Grobišče Mačkovec) is located in the woods southeast of the settlement. Its location is marked by crosses cut into the trunks of two trees. It contained the remains of about 40 prisoners of war, mostly members of the Anti-Communist Volunteer Militia, that were taken from the prison in Ribnica and murdered at the site on 27 or 28 October 1943 by the Partisan Loka Brigade. In October 2013 the remains were disinterred and reburied at the cemetery in Begunje pri Cerknici. The Italian Soldiers Mass Grave (Grobišče italijanskih vojakov) is located in the woods south of Bukovec, below the north slope of Mačkovec Hill. It contains the remains of Italian soldiers. The Romani Mass Grave (Grobišče Romov) is located in the woods south of Bukovec near the Janez Klančar Grave in the territory of neighboring Selo pri Robu, which is marked with a cross. It contains the remains of Romani murdered at the site by a Partisan group led by Stane Semič.
# Anday

Anday (Persian: انداي, also Romanized as Andāy) is a village in Karizan Rural District, Nasrabad District, Torbat-e Jam County, Razavi Khorasan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 110, in 31 families.
# Niazqoli

Niazqoli (Persian: نيازقلي, also Romanized as Nīāzqolī) is a village in Arshaq-e Gharbi Rural District, Moradlu District, Meshgin Shahr County, Ardabil Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 85, in 18 families.
# Lahage

Lahage (French pronunciation:; Occitan: La Haja) is a commune in the Haute-Garonne department in southwestern France.
# Kłodnica Canal

The Kłodnicki Canal (Polish: Kanał Kłodnicki) is a canal along the Kłodnica River in Upper Silesia, Poland between the Oder River and Gliwice. Constructed when the territory was part of Prussian Silesia, it was originally known as the Klodnitz Canal (German: Klodnitzkanal).
Because the Kłodnica (Klodnitz) was not navigable, a canal was needed to provide transportation for the flourishing coal and ore mining, as well as the metallurgy industry in the Upper Silesia region. Designed by John Baildon, an engineer from Scotland and Friedrich Wilhelm von Reden, Director of the High Mining Office in Breslau (Wrocław), the canal was built between 1792 and 1812. It had a length of about 46 km (29 mi) and an altitude difference of about 49 meters (161 ft). It incorporated two hybrid inclined track/ canal locks.
The depth of the canal and the design of the locks allowed the use of vessels of up to 50 tons of payload. However, construction of rail transport facilities connecting the Upper Silesian coalfields eroded the importance of the waterway. The freight volume on the canal in 1847 was 70,000 tons, but shipments dropped to only 4,400 tons by 1865. Between 1888 and 1893, the canal was expanded to allow the passage of vessels up to 100 tons load and 1.2 meters (3.9 ft) draft. However the waterway did not regain its importance.
The Klodnitz Canal facility was replaced by the Gleiwitz (Gliwice) Canal, built from 1935-1939. The territory became part of Poland in 1945 after World War II.
# Moustajon

Moustajon (French pronunciation:; Occitan: Mostajon) is a commune in the Haute-Garonne department in southwestern France.
# Jacksonia elongata

Jacksonia elongata is a species of flowering plant in the family Fabaceae and is endemic to the south of Western Australia. It is an erect or spreading, spindly shrub with yellowish-green branches, yellow-orange flowers with red markings, and woody, densely-hairy pods.

## Description

Jacksonia elongata is an erect or spreading, spindly shrub with few branches, and that typically grows up to 0.3–1.5 m (1 ft 0 in – 4 ft 11 in) high and 0.6–2 m (2 ft 0 in – 6 ft 7 in) wide, its branches yellowish-green and round in cross section. Its leaves are reduced to dark brown, egg-shaped scales, 0.5–1.1 mm (0.020–0.043 in) long and 0.5–0.9 mm (0.020–0.035 in) wide. The flowers are scattered along branches, each flower on a pedicel 2–4 mm (0.079–0.157 in) long. There are egg-shaped bracteoles 0.5–1.3 mm (0.020–0.051 in) long and 0.6–1 mm (0.024–0.039 in) wide on the pedicels. The floral tube is 1.0–1.2 mm (0.039–0.047 in) long and the sepals are membranous, the lobes 8.0–9.5 mm (0.31–0.37 in) long, 1.0–1.7 mm (0.039–0.067 in) wide and fused at the base. The standard petal is yellow-orange to orange with a red "eye", 7.4–8.3 mm (0.29–0.33 in) long and 7.3–9.4 mm (0.29–0.37 in) deep, the wings yellow-orange with red markings, 6.3–7.8 mm (0.25–0.31 in) long, and the keel red, 7.7–7.8 mm (0.30–0.31 in) long. The stamens have white or pink filaments 6.3–9.3 mm (0.25–0.37 in) long. Flowering occurs from August to May, and the fruit is a woody, densely hairy, flattened elliptic pod, 9–12.6 mm (0.35–0.50 in) long and about 3.2–4 mm (0.13–0.16 in) wide.

## Taxonomy

Jacksonia elongata was first formally described in 2007 by Jennifer Anne Chappill in Australian Systematic Botany from specimens collected in 1991. The specific epithet (elongata) means 'elongated', referring to the stems.

## Distribution and habitat

This species of Jacksonia grows in dense shrubland in sand in the Fitzgerald River National Park and east to Munglinup in the Esperance Plains bioregion of southern Western Australia.

## Conservation status

Jacksonia elongata is listed as "not threatened" by the Government of Western Australia Department of Biodiversity, Conservation and Attractions.
# Coustaussa

Coustaussa (French pronunciation: ; Occitan: Costauçan) is a commune in the Aude department in Occitanie region in southern France. Its inhabitants are called Coustaussans.

## Geography

The village is situated in the high valley of the Aude, on the river Sals between Arques and Couiza.

## History

In the twelfth century, the lordship of Coustaussa belonged to the Vilar family. In the fourteenth century, it was in the hands of the de Fenouillet family. In 1367, by the marriage of Geraude de Fenouillet to Saix de Montesquieu, the lordship passed to the Montesquieus who kept it until the French Revolution.
During the night of 31 October to 1 November 1897, the parish priest of Coustaussa, the Abbé Antoine Gélis, was brutally murdered in his presbytery. The crime was not solved. The Abbé was found during the investigation to possess large sums of money which had not been taken by his assailants.

## Administration

Since March 2001, the Mayor of the commune has been Robert Sanchez.

## Places of interest

Coustaussa has a ruined castle.
# Canterbury Earthquake Recovery Act 2011

The Canterbury Earthquake Recovery Act 2011 was a New Zealand statute that repealed the Canterbury Earthquake Response and Recovery Act 2010 and set out measures to respond to the impact of the Canterbury earthquakes, and in particular the February 2011 Christchurch earthquake.

## Background
### Earthquakes

On Saturday 4 September 2010, a magnitude 7.1 earthquake struck Christchurch and the central Canterbury region at 4:35 am. Located near Darfield on the Greendale Fault, west of the city at a depth of 10 kilometres (6.2 mi), it caused widespread damage to the city and minor injuries, but no direct fatalities.
Nearly six months later on Tuesday 22 February 2011, a second earthquake measuring magnitude 6.3 struck the city at 12:51 pm. It was located closer to the city, near Lyttelton at a depth of 5 km. Although lower on the moment magnitude scale than the previous earthquake, the intensity and violence of the ground shaking was measured to be MM IX, among the strongest ever recorded globally in an urban area and in total 185 people were killed with nationals from more than 20 countries among the victims. Widespread damage was caused across Christchurch to buildings and infrastructure already weakened by the 4 September 2010 earthquake and its aftershocks. Significant liquefaction affected the eastern suburbs and parts of the central city, and the total cost to insurers of rebuilding has been estimated at NZ$20–30 billion. Due to an older building stock, and many buildings being multi-storey, the central city was hit especially hard.

## Bill history

The bill, which was introduced by Hon. Gerry Brownlee of the National Party, had all three readings on 12 April 2011. Members who gave speeches in the first reading were Brownlee, Clayton Cosgrove (Labour), Kate Wilkinson (National), Lianne Dalziel (Labour), Kennedy Graham (Greens), Rahui Katene (Māori), Nicky Wagner (National), Ruth Dyson (Labour), Amy Adams (National), Brendon Burns (Labour), Aaron Gilmore (National), and Jim Anderton (Progressive). All of the opposition speakers voiced their concern about the top-down approach that was prescribed by the bill, and asked for an approach where community input had a stronger emphasis. A party vote was called for, and the first reading had 111 ayes (National, Labour, ACT, Māori, Progressive, and United Future) and 11 noes (Green and the two independents).
In the second reading, Cosgrove was critical of the secrecy around the bill. He claimed that a draft of the bill had been given to Christchurch City Council's solicitor, instructing him that it not be shared with elected members. He stated that submitters to the select committee had less than 24 hours to prepare their submissions.

## Expiry

The act was set to expire five years after it commenced.
# Saint-Rémy, Dordogne

Saint-Rémy (French pronunciation: ; Occitan: Sent Remedi) is a commune in the Dordogne department in Nouvelle-Aquitaine in southwestern France.
# Ryabki, Perm Krai

Ryabki (Russian: Рябки) is a rural locality (a selo) and the administrative center of Ryabkovskoye Rural Settlement, Chernushinsky District, Perm Krai, Russia. The population was 1,302 as of 2010. There are 21 streets.

## Geography

Ryabki is located 13 km northeast of Chernushka (the district's administrative centre) by road. Bikulka is the nearest rural locality.
# Strinava Glacier

Strinava Glacier (Bulgarian: ледник Стринава, romanized: lednik Strinava, IPA:) is the 6 km long and 3 km wide glacier in Sullivan Heights on the east side of Sentinel Range in Ellsworth Mountains, Antarctica. It is draining the northeast slopes of Mount Farrell and the southeast slopes of the ridge of Mount Levack, and flowing eastwards from Zmeevo Pass to join Dater Glacier west of Dickey Peak in Flowers Hills.
The feature is named after the medieval fortress of Strinava in northern Bulgaria.

## Location

Strinava Glacier is located at 78°20′50″S 84°51′10″W﻿ / ﻿78.34722°S 84.85278°W﻿ / -78.34722; -84.85278. US mapping in 1988.
# Banu Muharib

Banu Muharib (Arabic: بنو محارب) was an Arab tribe during the Islamic prophet Muhammad's era. During the Invasion of Thi Amr Muhammad ordered a military raid against them. He ordered his men to raid the Banu Muharib and Banu Talabah tribes after he received intelligence that they were allegedly going to raid the outskirts of Medina
Ghwarath ibn al-Harith (also known as Du'thar ibn al-Harith) is from this tribe.
After the Muslim Conquest of Iraq the tribe settled in al-Kufah
# On the Spot (British game show)

On the Spot was a BBC National Lottery game show broadcast on BBC One from 29 July to 2 September 2000. It was hosted by Des O'Connor.

## Ratings

| Episode no. | Airdate | Viewers (millions) | BBC One weekly ranking |
| 1 | 29 July 2000 | 6.64 | 11 |
| 2 | 5 August 2000 | 5.72 | 20 |
| 3 | 12 August 2000 | 5.58 | 24 |
| 4 | 19 August 2000 | 6.27 | 16 |
| 5 | 26 August 2000 | 5.39 | 26 |
| 6 | 2 September 2000 | 5.50 | 22 |
# Triglia

Triglia (Greek: Τρίγλια) is a former municipality in Chalkidiki, Greece. Since the 2011 local government reform it is part of the municipality Nea Propontida, of which it is a municipal unit. The municipal unit has an area of 121.959 km$^2$. Population 5,581 (2021). The seat of the municipality was in Nea Triglia.

## International relations

Triglia is twinned with:
* Rafina, Greece
* Tirilye, Turkey
# Mauzac-et-Grand-Castang

Mauzac-et-Grand-Castang (French pronunciation:; Occitan: Mausac e Grand Castanh) is a commune in the Dordogne department in Nouvelle-Aquitaine in southwestern France. Mauzac station has rail connections to Bordeaux, Bergerac and Sarlat-la-Canéda.

## History

Mauzac and Grand-Castang was created on 1 January 1973 by combining the former communes of Mauzac and Saint-Meyme de Rozens in the valley and Grand-Castang on the hillside.
The village has been occupied from prehistoric times, as is evidenced by numerous traces (fragments of axes, scrapers...).
Its past is closely linked with the Dordogne River, which became an important commercial and cultural route in the 18th and 19th centuries. Mauzac is one of the active ports that feed the interior of the region. Only a few vestiges of the built quay remain, just some paving stones cut in the old-fashioned way, identical to those still seen in Bordeaux. Constructions of the Canal de Lalinde to facilitate navigation for the scows, of the hydroelectric dam, and the arrival of the railway in the 19th century, changed the life of the village considerably.

## Sights and monuments

* The site of the theatre: On the way, the stone huts (bories), including one with a flat roof. Vine growers used them as shelters. You can see a brick oven called "the peasants’ oven" ("le four des croquants"). It is not a "communal" oven, but one of the first wood ovens used by the poor peasants called "croquants". From this site, there is a very pretty view of the town and the river.
* The current port: The construction of a scow in the style of Coureau at the beginning of the century, offers sailing trips with wine-tasting and sampling high-end products of Périgord.
* The railway bridge: This ochre stone bridge is 254 meters long. It has seven arches, each with a 30-meter opening. The distinctive characteristic of this bridge is the elliptical shape of its arches and their low height compared to their width. Its design, daring for the time, offered an important drainage duct for a given width during floods. The solution adopted was to have a minimum of piers and thus a maximum of width for the arches.
* The lake: The dam's reservoir is a splendid lake, more than 1,000 hectares, an attractive centre for fishing, sailing, rowing, canoeing and kayaking. The developed banks are a meeting place for hikers. The "ferryman’s house" has been made into a showroom. Photographs and postcards of Mauzac in bygone days are available there. Upstairs, Electricité de France (EDF) has set up an exhibit about the hydroelectric evolution, and the Fishing and Hunting Federations offer a discovery of the surrounding wildlife.
# Radiance (disambiguation)

Radiance is a radiometric measure of the amount of light in an area.
Radiance may also refer to:

## Film and theater

* Radiance (play), a play by Louis Nowra
* Radiance (1998 film), a 1998 Australian independent film
* Radiance (2017 film), a 2017 Japanese film

## Music

* Radiance / Chi ni Kaeru: On the Earth, a song by Mami Kawada
* Radiance (Jeff Tyzik album), a 1982 solo album by Jeff Tyzik
* Radiance (album), a solo piano album by Keith Jarrett

## Novels

* Radiance (book), a novel by Alyson Noël
* Radiance, a novel by Carter Scholz
* Radiance, a novel by Louis B. Jones
* Radiance, a novel by Catherynne M. Valente

## Other

* Radiance (fragrance), a fragrance by Britney Spears
* Radiance (software), a software suite, including a renderer, for lighting simulation
* Radiance-class cruise ship, class of cruise ships operated by Royal Caribbean
** MS Radiance of the Seas, cruise ship
* The Radiance, a character in the video game Hollow Knight