OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Pleszew County

Pleszew County (Polish: powiat pleszewski) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Greater Poland Voivodeship, west-central Poland. It came into being on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat is the town of Pleszew, which lies 83 kilometres (52 mi) south-east of the regional capital Poznań.
The county covers an area of 711.91 square kilometres (274.9 sq mi). As of 2006 its total population is 61,951, out of which the population of Pleszew is 17,787 and the rural population is 44,164.

## Neighbouring counties

Pleszew County is bordered by Września County and Słupca County to the north, Konin County to the north-east, the city of Kalisz and Kalisz County to the south-east, Ostrów Wielkopolski County to the south, Krotoszyn County to the south-west, and Jarocin County to the west.

## Administrative divisions

The county is subdivided into six gminas (three urban-rural and three rural). These are listed in the following table, in descending order of population.
| Gmina | Type | Area (km²) | Population (2006) | Seat |
| Gmina Pleszew | urban-rural | 180.2 | 29,790 | Pleszew |
| Gmina Gołuchów | rural | 135.5 | 9,703 | Gołuchów |
| Gmina Dobrzyca | urban-rural | 117.0 | 8,239 | Dobrzyca |
| Gmina Czermin | rural | 97.8 | 4,811 | Czermin |
| Gmina Chocz | urban-rural | 73.4 | 4,780 | Chocz |
| Gmina Gizałki | rural | 108.6 | 4,628 | Gizałki |
# Saint-Armou

Saint-Armou (French pronunciation:; Occitan: Sent Armon) is a commune in the Pyrénées-Atlantiques department in south-western France.
# Polish Air Force checkerboard

The Air Force checkerboard (Polish: szachownica lotnicza) is a national marking for the aircraft of the Polish Air Force, equivalent to roundels used in other nations' air forces. It consists of four equal squares, of which the upper left and lower right are white, and the other two – red. These are surrounded by a border of inverted (counterchanged) colors 1/5 the thickness of a single square. In 1993 the colors were reversed (i.e. white in the upper left).
Initially, Polish military aircraft used various signs in national colors (red and white), most frequently shields party per bend, pale, or red letter "Z" in a white square. The four-field, red-white checkerboard, was first used as a personal insignia of the Polish fighter pilot Stefan Stec. It was adopted as the Polish national roundel on 1 December 1918.
* Pre-checkerboard roundels used in 1918
* in Warsaw
* in Lwów
* in Cracow (Kraków)
In 1921 a contrasting red and white border was added, but without specified dimensions. In 1930 the ratio of border to fields was fixed at 1:5. According to current regulations, an additional gray border can be added, 1:6 the size of the field, if the insignia is displayed on a white or red background.
Between the 1960s and 1980s the checkerboard (usually rotated 45 degrees) was also painted on turrets and hulls of Polish Army tanks and APCs. This tradition has since been discontinued.
In 1993 the color order was changed from red-dominant (red in the upper left) to white-dominant, to conform to heraldic rules, though ignoring the 70-year-old tradition. The first white-dominant checkerboard was used in 1940 in France.

## Heraldic rules

In heraldry, the color of the charge (in this case the white of the Polish eagle) takes precedence over the shield (red in the case of the Polish coat of arms). Because of this, white should be given the most "dominant" or dignified position in a heraldic design representing Poland. In the case of a checkerboard, this would be the upper left corner. (When hung vertically the Polish flag should have white on the left for exactly the same reason). Note that this rule applies to the main color squares, not to the thin border, which is considered decoration.

### Versions

* Before 1921
* 1921–1993
* Border Guard
* Military Vehicles 1960–1980
# Russian submarine Krab (1912)

Krab (Russian: Краб, lit. 'Crab') was a submarine minelayer built for the Imperial Russian Navy. She was designed by Mikhail Petrovich Nalyotov as the world's first submarine minelayer, although due to construction delays the German UC submarines entered service earlier. The mines were stowed in two horizontal galleries exiting through the stern. Diving depth was 45 metres. This ship was built by the Naval yard in Nikolayev by the Black Sea (now Mykolaiv, Ukraine). She was ordered in 1908, launched in September 1912 (or early 1913, sources differ) and entered service in 1915.

## Service

This submarine fought during World War I in the Black Sea Fleet. She laid several minefields which accounted for the sinking of the Turkish gunboat Isa Reis and the Bulgarian torpedo boat Shumni as well as several merchant ships. After the Russian Revolution of 1917 the boat was captured by the Germans and transferred to the British intervention force who scuttled the boat near Sevastopol to prevent capture by the Bolsheviks. The wreck was raised in 1935 and scrapped.
# Syrtlanovo, Meleuzovsky District, Republic of Bashkortostan

Syrtlanovo (Russian: Сыртланово; Bashkir: Һыртлан, Hırtlan) is a rural locality (a village) in Ishtuganovsky Selsoviet, Meleuzovsky District, Bashkortostan, Russia. The population was 335 as of 2010. There are 3 streets.

## Geography

Syrtlanovo is located 53 km east of Meleuz (the district's administrative centre) by road. Pribelsky is the nearest rural locality.
# Khasynsky District

Khasynsky District (Russian: Хасы́нский райо́н) is an administrative district (raion), one of the eight in Magadan Oblast, Russia. As a municipal division, it is incorporated as Khasynsky Urban Okrug. Its administrative center is the urban locality (an urban-type settlement) of Palatka. As of the 2010 Census, the total population of the district was 8,141, with the population of Palatka accounting for 52.1% of that number.

## Geography

It is located in the south of the oblast and borders Yagodninsky and Srednekansky Districts in the north, Omsukchansky and Olsky Districts in the east, the territory of the town of oblast significance of Magadan in the south, and Olsky and Tenkinsky Districts in the west. The area of the district is 19,252.44 square kilometers (7,433.41 sq mi). Rivers Buyunda, Bakhapcha and Maltan flow northwards across the district at the western end of the Kolyma Mountains, in the area near the Upper Kolyma Highlands. The Arman, the Khasyn and the Yama flow southwards. The main mountain range in the district is the Maymandzhin Range.

## History

The district was established on December 30, 1966 from parts of the territories of the town of Magadan and Yagodninsky and Tenkinsky Districts, and was named after the Khasyn River.

## Administrative and municipal status

Within the framework of administrative divisions, Khasynsky District is one of the eight in the oblast. The urban locality (an urban-type settlement) of Palatka serves as its administrative center.
As a municipal division, the district has been incorporated as Khasynsky Urban Okrug since May 1, 2015. Prior to that date, the district was incorporated as Khasynsky Municipal District, which was subdivided into four urban settlements and one rural settlement.
# Apollonios of Kition

Apollonios of Kition (or Apollonius of Citium; Greek: Ἀπολλώνιος ὁ Κιτιεύς), was a physician (fl. c. 60 BC) belonging to the Empiric school of thought. He studied medicine in Alexandria under the surgeon Zopyrus, but he lived in Kition (now Larnaca). Another theory is that he studied medicine in Kition although it is not clear whether a medical school existed at the time.
It has been suggested by some scholars that this physician is the same person as Asclepiades Titiensis.

## Background

The fame of Apollonios was spread all over the ancient Greek world, and he was considered to be the most important of all Cypriot physicians. The medical opinions of Apollonios were considered valid and authentic according to Erotianus. Important personalities such as Strabo, Cicero and Pedanius Dioscorides have also written positive comments on Apollonios. Although primarily a physician, Apollonios had an interest in surgery and trauma.

## Books

Apollonios wrote several books on medicine but his most important (and the one that survived) is Peri Arthron (On Joints, Greek: Περὶ Ἄρθρων) which is a study of the teachings of Hippocrates on the subject. This book was written in Cyprus. A copy of this work was found in the library of the Byzantine doctor Nikitas, and it is now kept in Florence. The book was written under the patronage of the king Ptolemaius (Ptolemy of Cyprus) c. 81-58 BC. It is divided into three sections written at different times. The first part discusses the dislocations of the shoulder; the second discusses those of the elbow, wrist, jaw and spine, whereas the third and final part discusses the dislocations of the lower limbs. The book includes 30 hand-painted pictures, believed to be copies made from the original book written by Hippocrates himself.
It is believed that he wrote a book on epilepsy (On Epileptics). This has not survived. Herodian mentions that Apollonios wrote (or co-authored) a total of 21 books. Some of these were studies on the adverse effects of alcohol, elaborating on the type of voice produced during drunkenness. One of the books was on general therapy (curationes).

## Modern legacy

Many modern students of Ancient Greek and Cypriot medical history have written about Apollonios. Larnaca Municipality has given his name to a street, and more recently, has dedicated a statue in a main square of the town. The hand-painted drawings of Apollonios from his books on joints have been exhibited in a variety of medical and historical exhibitions. The Laurentian Library in Florence where the original manuscript is housed has agreed to allow the removal of the manuscript for the purposes of exhibition, only on very rare occasions.
In May 2013 the Kyriazis Medical Museum in Larnaca organised a major event celebrating the 2000 years since Apollonios' death.
# Roquepine

Roquepine (French pronunciation:; Occitan: Ròcapina) is a commune in the Gers department in southwestern France.
# Podgorica pri Podtaboru

Podgorica pri Podtaboru (pronounced, in older sources also Mala Podgorica, German: Kleinpodgoriza) is a small settlement north of Šent Jurij in the Municipality of Grosuplje in central Slovenia. The area is part of the historical region of Lower Carniola. The municipality is now included in the Central Slovenia Statistical Region.

## Name

The name of the settlement was changed from Podgorica to Podgorica pri Podtaboru in 1953. The epithet pri Podtaboru 'near Podtabor' refers to Šent Jurij, which was named Podtabor from 1952 to 1992.

## Cultural heritage

A small roadside chapel-shrine in the village is dedicated to Saint Peter and dates to the early 20th century.
# Babno Polje

Babno Polje (pronounced; in older sources also Babino Polje, German: Babenfeld, Italian: Babinapoglia) is a village in the Municipality of Loška Dolina in the Inner Carniola region of Slovenia, on the border with Croatia.

## Name

Babno Polje was attested in historical sources as Pabenfeld in 1402 and Pobenueld in 1449.

## Church

The parish church in the settlement is dedicated to Saint Nicholas and belongs to the Ljubljana Archdiocese. It was first mentioned in written documents dating to 1526.

## Climate

Statistically, Babno Polje is the coldest inhabited settlement in Slovenia. It currently holds the record for the lowest officially verified temperature in Slovenia, of −34.5 °C (−30.1 °F), recorded on two separate occasions, 13 Jan 1968 and 15-16 Feb 1956.
Babno Polje has a humid continental climate (Köppen Dfb).
Climate data for Babno Polje (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1950–2020) :
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 14.1 (57.4) | 17.9 (64.2) | 22.8 (73.0) | 25.6 (78.1) | 30.0 (86.0) | 34.1 (93.4) | 34.6 (94.3) | 35.2 (95.4) | 30.5 (86.9) | 24.4 (75.9) | 21.2 (70.2) | 15.5 (59.9) | 35.2 (95.4) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 2.4 (36.3) | 4.3 (39.7) | 8.6 (47.5) | 13.3 (55.9) | 17.9 (64.2) | 22.1 (71.8) | 24.3 (75.7) | 24.3 (75.7) | 18.6 (65.5) | 13.5 (56.3) | 7.8 (46.0) | 2.8 (37.0) | 13.3 (55.9) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | −2.4 (27.7) | −1.7 (28.9) | 1.8 (35.2) | 6.3 (43.3) | 11.2 (52.2) | 15.3 (59.5) | 16.9 (62.4) | 16.3 (61.3) | 11.3 (52.3) | 7.4 (45.3) | 3.1 (37.6) | −1.8 (28.8) | 7.0 (44.6) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | −6.9 (19.6) | −7.0 (19.4) | −3.6 (25.5) | 0.1 (32.2) | 4.4 (39.9) | 8.0 (46.4) | 9.4 (48.9) | 9.4 (48.9) | 5.9 (42.6) | 2.7 (36.9) | −0.8 (30.6) | −6.1 (21.0) | 1.3 (34.3) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −34.6 (−30.3) | −34.4 (−29.9) | −31.1 (−24.0) | −19.1 (−2.4) | −12.2 (10.0) | −5.6 (21.9) | −1.2 (29.8) | −2.0 (28.4) | −7.8 (18.0) | −16.4 (2.5) | −27.0 (−16.6) | −29.7 (−21.5) | −34.6 (−30.3) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 101 (4.0) | 115 (4.5) | 107 (4.2) | 115 (4.5) | 124 (4.9) | 129 (5.1) | 106 (4.2) | 123 (4.8) | 173 (6.8) | 200 (7.9) | 209 (8.2) | 155 (6.1) | 1,656 (65.2) |
| Average extreme snow depth cm (inches) | 17 (6.7) | 24 (9.4) | 16 (6.3) | 1 (0.4) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 3 (1.2) | 10 (3.9) | 6 (2.4) |
| Average precipitation days (≥ 0.1 mm) | 9 | 8 | 10 | 12 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 13 | 12 | 11 | 12 | 10 | 140 |
| Average snowy days (≥ 0 cm) | 21.8 | 20.6 | 17.1 | 5.0 | 0.2 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.1 | 0.4 | 7.6 | 18.4 | 91.3 |
| Average relative humidity (%) (at 14:00) | 75.5 | 71.7 | 65.7 | 62.1 | 61.9 | 63.6 | 59.5 | 61.9 | 64.7 | 67.8 | 74.5 | 78.9 | 67.4 |
| Source: Slovenian Environment Agency (snow depth 1981–2010, humidity and snow days 1961–1990) ||||||||||||||
# Homlungen Lighthouse

Homlungen Lighthouse (Norwegian: Homlungen fyr) is a fully automated leading lighthouse situated on a skerry in the archipelago municipality of Hvaler, Norway. The lighthouse and surrounding buildings, which include residences, outhouse, a well, and engine house are proposed protected as a national park.
# Nikolsky, Leningrad Oblast

Nikolsky (Russian: Никольский) is an urban locality (an urban-type settlement) in Podporozhsky District of Leningrad Oblast, Russia, located on the right bank of the Svir River, several kilometers west of the town of Podporozhye. Municipally, it is incorporated as Nikolskoye Urban Settlement, one of the four urban settlements in the district. Population: 2,989 (2010 Census); 2,931 (2002 Census); 2,953 (1989 Soviet census).

## History

The Svir Shipyard was founded by Peter the Great in 1703 to saturate the demand for the growing navy. Initially, the settlement was populated by foreign workers, mainly from Germany, and the settlement was known as Nemetskoye (literal translation: Populated by Germans). In the course of the administrative reform carried out in 1708 by Peter the Great, the area was included into Ingermanland Governorate (known from 1710 as Saint Petersburg Governorate). In 1727, it was transferred to the newly established Novgorod Governorate, and in 1773, it was transferred into newly established Olonets Oblast and became a part of Lodeynopolsky Uyezd. After 1801, it was a part of Olonets Governorate. In 1913, the settlement was renamed Nikolskoye. In 1922, Olonets Governorate was abolished, and Lodeynopolsky Uyezd was transferred to Petrograd Governorate (later Leningrad Oblast).
On August 1, 1927, the uyezds in Leningrad Oblast were abolished, and Podporozhsky District with the administrative center in Podporozhye was established. It was a part of Lodeynoye Pole Okrug of Leningrad Oblast and included areas formerly belonging to Lodeynopolsky Uyezd. Nikolskoye became a part of the district. Between 1941 and 1944, during World War II, Nikolskoye was occupied by Finnish troops. In 1949, Nikolskoye was granted urban-type settlement status and renamed Nikolsky.

## Economy
### Industry

The main enterprise in Nikolsky is the Svir Shipyard. It experiences deep economic crisis.

### Transportation

The closest passenger railway station, several kilometers from the center of Nikolsky, is Svir on the railroad between Saint Petersburg and Murmansk. It is administratively subordinated to the settlement. A railroad connects Nikolsky and Svir, however, there is no passenger traffic.
Nikolsky is connected by road with Podporozhye and have an access to a paved road connecting Lodeynoye Pole with Vytegra, as well as to the road connecting Podporozhye and Olonets.
The Svir River is navigable and is a part of the Volga–Baltic Waterway, connecting the basins of the Volga and the Neva Rivers. There is regular cruise and cargo traffic along the waterway.

## Culture and recreation

The only recognized cultural heritage monuments (of local significance) in Nikolsky is a monument to Anna Lisitsyna, a partisan and a Hero of the Soviet Union, who drowned in the Svir River in 1942.
# Brezje pri Vinjem Vrhu

Brezje pri Vinjem Vrhu (pronounced; German: Bresie) is a settlement in the hills south of Semič in southeastern Slovenia. The area is part of the historical region of Lower Carniola. The Municipality of Semič is now included in the Southeast Slovenia Statistical Region.

## Name

Brezje pri Vinjem Vrhu was attested in written sources as Bresia in 1490. The name Brezje literally means 'birch woods', derived from the common noun breza 'birch'. Like similar toponyms in Slovenia (e.g., Brezova, Brezovec, Brezovci), it originally referred to the local vegetation.

## Cultural heritage

A Bronze Age settlement was identified in the area in a 1986 archaeological field survey.
# Bolshaya Amzya

Bolshaya Amzya (Russian: Большая Амзя; Bashkir: Оло Әмзә, Olo Ämzä) is a rural locality (a village) in Razdolyevsky Selsoviet, Krasnokamsky District, Bashkortostan, Russia. The population was 141 as of 2010. There are 3 streets.

## Geography

Bolshaya Amzya is located 21 km east of Nikolo-Beryozovka (the district's administrative centre) by road. Razdolye is the nearest rural locality.
# Juillan

Juillan (French pronunciation:; Occitan: Julhan) is a commune in the Hautes-Pyrénées department in south-western France.
Air Méditerranée has its head office on the property of Tarbes–Lourdes–Pyrénées Airport, in Juillan.

## Notable people

* Denis Jourdanet (1815–1892), physician and physiologist
# Agios Dimitrios (disambiguation)

Agios Dimitrios (Greek: Άγιος Δημήτριος, "St. Demetrius") may refer to:

## Churches

* Hagios Demetrios, a palaeo-Christian basilica and UNESCO heritage site in Thessaloniki

## Places

* Agios Dimitrios, a suburb of Athens, Greece
* Hagios Demetrios, later known in English as Seraglio Point, one of the quarters of Constantinople, the capital of the Byzantine Empire
* Agios Dimitrios, Aetolia-Acarnania, a village in the municipality of Nafpaktia, Aetolia-Acarnania, Greece
* Agios Dimitrios, Argolis, a village in the municipality of Epidaurus, Argolis, Greece
* Agios Dimitrios, Boeotia, a village in the municipality of Orchomenus, Boeotia, Greece
* Agios Dimitrios, Cephalonia, a village in the Paliki peninsula in Cephalonia, Greece
* Agios Dimitrios, Elis, a village in Elis, Greece
* Agios Dimitrios, Euboea, a village in the municipality of Karystos, Euboea, Greece
* Agios Dimitrios, Evrytania, a village in the municipality of Agrafa, Evrytania, Greece
* Agios Dimitrios, Ioannina, a municipal unit in the Ioannina regional unit, Greece
* Agios Dimitrios, Karditsa, a village in the municipality of Palamas, Karditsa regional unit, Greece
* Agios Dimitrios, Kozani, a village in the municipality of Kozani, Kozani regional unit, Greece
* Agios Dimitrios, Evrotas, a village in the municipality of Evrotas, Laconia regional unit, Greece
* Agios Dimitrios, Monemvasia, a village in the municipality of Monemvasia, Laconia regional unit, Greece
* Agios Dimitrios, Lemnos, a village on the island of Lemnos, Greece
* Agios Dimitrios, Patras, a neighbourhood in Patras, Greece
* Agios Dimitrios Piliou, a village in the municipality of Zagora-Mouresi, Magnesia regional unit, Greece
* Agios Dimitrios, Pieria, a village in the municipality of Katerini, Pieria regional unit, Greece
* Agios Dimitrios, Serres, a village in the municipality of Visaltia, Serres regional unit, Greece
* Agios Dimitrios, Trikala, a village in the municipality of Meteora, Trikala regional unit, Greece
* Agios Dimitrios, Zakynthos, a village on the island of Zakynthos, Greece
* Agios Dimitrios, Cyprus
* Kalavassos, Cyprus
* Paliochora, a ruined village on the island of Cythera in southern Greece

## Other

* St. Demetrios School, the largest Greek-American school in the United States.
# Richardson Range

The Richardson Range is a small subrange of the Kitimat Ranges, located on the southwestern flank of Princess Royal Island east of Kent Inlet, British Columbia, Canada.
# Canopus Corporation

Canopus Co., Ltd. was a manufacturer of video editing cards and video editing software. The company's focus shifted from enthusiast video cards to other areas of video hardware and software after the release of their Spectra line of products. Some of their previous competitors included Matrox and Pinnacle Systems. In 2005, Thomson Multimedia acquired Canopus to bolster their Grass Valley broadcasting and network product line.
When 3dfx's Voodoo series of PC-gaming-oriented 3D graphics cards became popular in the mid-1990s, Canopus produced the Pure3D, a Voodoo graphics processor-based graphics card with 6 MB of memory instead of the standard 4 MB. When the Voodoo 2 was released, the Canopus Pure3D II was praised for the fact that their cards were shorter than competitors' Voodoo 2 cards. Canopus had a reputation for driver optimization that gave a performance advantage over other cards. They were the cards of choice for Maximum PC's 1998 Dream Machine.
Canopus also released a version of the nVidia TNT that offered a unique internal cable that connected the TNT card to the Voodoo2 based Pure3D II—as opposed to the standard connection with an external cable.
The Canopus DVStorm2 was a realtime video editing card that Canopus discontinued in early 2005. Canopus is also known for EDIUS, non-linear video editing software, and a transcoder application called ProCoder, and their ADVC range of DV (IEEE1394) video conversion units.
# Ri Yong-sik

Ri Yong-sik (리영식) is a North Korean politician and agitator.

## Biography

In 2014 he was appointed to be the Chief editor of Rodong Sinmun, the mouthpiece of the Workers' Party of Korea, replacing Kim Pyong-ho. In 2016, following the decision of the 7th Congress of the Workers' Party of Korea he was elected to the 7th Central Committee of the Workers' Party of Korea.
# Anatoliy Sass

Anatoly Fomich Sass (Russian: Анатолий Фомич Сасс; 22 December 1935 – 31 August 2023) was a Russian rower who competed for the Soviet Union in the 1964 Summer Olympics and in the 1968 Summer Olympics.

## Biography

Anatoly Fomich Sass was born in Moscow on 22 December 1935.
At the 1964 Olympics, he was a crew member of the Soviet boat which finished seventh in the coxless four event. Sass stood in for the single sculls champion who was suffering from illness, Vyacheslav Ivanov, at the 1965 European Rowing Championships, where he won the silver medal. At the 1968 Olympics, he and his partner Aleksandr Timoshinin won the gold medal in the double sculls event.
Sass died on 31 August 2023, at the age of 87.
# Pilot major

A pilot major or pilot-major is the chief navigator of a ship or fleet. This term is mostly used to describe persons from the early modern period.
Pilots major include:
* William Adams (1564–1620), Englishman appointed pilot major of five Dutch East India Company ships, one of the few survivors of the only ship of the five to reach Japan, where he became an advisor to the Shogun, Tokugawa Ieyasu; inspiration of the character John Blackthorne, the fictional protagonist of the James Clavell novel Shogun and its adaptations
* John Davis (c. 1550–1605), English explorer, one of the chief navigators of Queen Elizabeth I
* Frans Jacobszoon Visscher, 17th century Dutch explorer who served as pilot-major on the first voyage of Abel Tasman
The Navigator: The Log of John Anderson VOC Pilot Major 1640-1643 was published in 2010.