OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Addalaichenai

Addalaichenai (Tamil: அட்டாளைச்சேனை) in the Ampara District of Sri Lanka derived its name from a classical origin "Addala Chenai" in which Addala (அடளை) means a place made for protect the cultivation at higher places, and Chena (சேனை) means crop cultivation. However many is of the opinion that farmers origin is also behind the framing of the name Addalaichenai. The village Addalaichenai was being part of Akkaripattu up to 1978 and then separated from Akkaraipattu. Addalaichenai came to be regarded as the country's agricultural important place in 1978 when the DRO office was formed. Addalaichenai has been well known by traders from almost 2000 years ago.
Prior to the establishment of the Divisional Secretariat in 1991, the office of the Assistant Government Agent was functioning as the institution catering to the day to day news of the people in the division.
which was in view on office of the Assistant Government Agent was opened on October 10, 1973 in Addalaichenai consisting Palamunai, Oluvil, Deegawapiya and Thiraikerny hamlets. This office is situated on the main road near the 36th mile post from Batticaloa to Akkaraipattu in the coastal belt of Ampara District.
On the north there is the Kaliodai river, on the south Akkaraipattu D.S. Office Boundary and drainage road. On the east Bay of Bengal, on the west a vast stretch of Paddy Lands and the eastern boundaries of Sammanthurai, Irakkaman and Damana Divisional Secretariat.

## History of Addalaichenai Divisional Secretariat

Prior to October 10, 1973, the Addalaichenai Division was alliterate with the Akkaraipattu Division. After this date a separate division was carved out from Akkaraipattu and named as Addalaichenai Division. At that time there was a voluntary organization namely "Social Service Society" which was instruments in greeting this new with the able assistance of the late M.M. Musthapha, Member of Parliament and Deputy Minister of Finance.
Late Mr. Senerath Somarathne, M.P. and political authorities of the Ampara District was good enough to allocate sufficient funds from DCB to construct the present building complex.

## Role performed at DS

| Name | From | To |
| S. Rangaraja | 1978 | 1979 |
| Wijayawardene | 1979 | 1980 |
| Piyasena | 1980 | 1981 |
| G.A.C. De Silva | 1981 | 1984 |
| Rajapaksha | 1984 | 1985 |
| A. Abdul Majeed | 1985 | 1987 |
| S. Umar | 1987 | 1989 |
| K.M.A. Cader | 1989 | 1990 |
| K. Samdudeen | 1990 | 1991 |
| A.H.M. Ansar | 1991 | 1993 |
| U.L.A. Azeez | 1993 | 2005 |
| U.L. Niyas | 2005 | 2008 |
| I.M. Haniffa (Acting) | 2008 | 2009 |
| M.M. Nazeer | 2009 | 2011 |
| I.M. Haniffa | 2012 | | MS.Udhumalebbe | 2013 | 2015 |
# General Defense Command

The General Defense Command (防衛総司令部, Bōei Soshireibu) was a headquarters organization and general army of the Imperial Japanese Army, established to control all land and air units stationed within Japan proper, Korea and Taiwan during World War II.

## History

The General Defense Command was established on July 5, 1941 under the direct command of the Emperor via the Imperial General Headquarters. For administrative, recruiting and accounting purposes, Japan was divided into six army districts, each with a garrison force equivalent to an army corps:
* Eastern District Army – HQ in Tokyo and responsible for the Kantō region and northern Honshū
* Western District Army – HQ in Fukuoka and responsible for southwestern Honshū, Shikoku and the Ryukyu Islands.
* Northern District Army – HQ in Sapporo and responsible for Hokkaidō and Karafuto.
* Central District Army – HQ in Osaka and responsible for central Honshū.
* Chosen Army – HQ in Keijo and responsible for Korea
* Taiwan Army – HQ in Taihoku and responsible for Taiwan.
The General Defense Command was also responsible for anti-aircraft defenses, and for organizing civil defense training.
On April 8, 1945, in preparation for Operation Downfall (or Operation Ketsugō (決号作戦, Ketsugō sakusen) in Japanese terminology), the General Defense Command was dissolved, and its duties assumed by the new First General Army and Second General Army.

## List of Commanders
### Commanding officer

| | Name | From | To |
| 1 | General Otozō Yamada | 7 July 1941 | 9 December 1941 |
| 2 | Field Marshal Prince Higashikuni Naruhiko | 9 December 1941 | 15 April 1945 |

### Chief of Staff

| | Name | From | To |
| 1 | Lieutenant General Torashirō Kawabe | 31 July 1941 | 1 December 1941 |
| 2 | Lieutenant General Asasaburo Kobayashi | 1 December 1941 | 10 June 1943 |
| 3 | Lieutenant General Tadayoshi Sano | 10 June 1943 | 29 March 1944 |
| 4 | Lieutenant General Asasaburo Kobayashi | 28 March 1944 | 1 February 1945 |
| 5 | Lieutenant General Einosuke Sudo | 1 February 1945 | 6 April 1945 |
# Hong Kong Post (newspaper)

Hong Kong Post (Japanese: 香港ポスト) is a Japanese-language weekly newspaper published in Hong Kong every Friday and owned by Mikuni Company. The newspaper first appeared in June 1987. It used to be sold in shops such as Citysuper, but is now free. It was formerly published by Pasona Press (HK) Co., Ltd.
Financial, economic, and political topics are stressed by this publication, and people working in business fields are the main clientele of the publication. Harumi Befu and Sylvie Guichard-Anguis, authors of Globalizing Japan: Ethnography of the Japanese presence in Asia, Europe, and America, described the paper as "A Major source of information for Hong Kong's Japanese residents".

## History

The newspaper reported on anti-Japanese protests in 1996, including those targeting the Hong Kong Japanese School. Due to the protests being a reaction against past Japanese military actions, the newspaper's reporting lacked anger and shock towards the protests. Befu and Guichard-Anguis stated that the newspaper implied that "the past is irrelevant to the present" even though it never explicitly denied historical Japanese atrocities in Asia in any article.
Mikuni Company Limited was the publisher. In November 2018 the publishing was suspended. In 2019 Hirose Trading HK Limited became the publisher, and publication resumed.

## Composition

The initial page discusses the economy of politics of Hong Kong. The subsequent page discusses news in Hong Kong and the southern portions of China. Columns related to business in Hong Kong and the China region follow. The final pages have cultural and non-business topics.

## Corporate affairs

The head office of the publisher is in the Shui On Centre in Wan Chai.
The newspaper's head office was previously in the CCT Telecom Building in Fo Tan, Shatin. The newspaper's head office was previously in Leighton Centre in Causeway Bay.
# Sanyo Women's Half Marathon

The Sanyo Women's Half Marathon, also known as the Sanyo Women's Road Race (Japanese: 山陽女子ロードレース), is an annual road running competition for women held in December in Okayama, Japan. It features both a 10K run and half marathon race (21.1 km/13.1 miles). Sanyo Shimbun, a daily newspaper, is the title sponsor for the event.
The day's events previously included an inter-prefectural competition (1985 to 1999) and a junior 3 km race in the 1990s. The half marathon race attracts top level Japanese and Japan-based foreign runners, as well as a smaller number of other international runners. The race is occasionally used as the Japanese women's selection race for the IAAF World Half Marathon Championships. Japanese entrants in both events are mostly collegiate athletes or members of corporate running teams.
The course starts and finishes at Kanko Stadium in the centre of Okayama city. The half marathon is known as the Yuko Arimori Cup, in honour of the two-time Olympic medallist in the marathon, who was born in the city. The 10K is referred to as the Kinue Hitomi Cup in respect of the Okayama-born athlete who won Japan's first ever women's Olympic medal. Typically, the half marathon features about 100 entries and the 10K attracts around 200 runners. The 2011 edition had a record high of 366 entrants into the top level races.
The course record for the half marathon is held by Sally Kaptich Chepyego with her time of 1:08:17 hours set in 2015 – the second time she had broken the record. The 10K record of 31:54 minutes was set in 2007 by Tiki Gelana. Historically, the winners of both races have been Japanese. There were several Chinese winners in the 1990s and since 2000 Kenyan women based in Japan have increasingly reached the top of the podium. Yukiko Akaba is the only runner to win consecutive half marathon titles. Kenyans Chepyego and Evelyn Kimwei and Japan's Mizuki Noguchi (the 2004 Olympic marathon champion) are the only other women to win the race twice.

## Past winners

Key:  Course record  20 km distance
# Afek Tounes

Afek Tounes (Arabic: آفاق تونس, "Tunisian Aspiration(s)" or "Horizons of Tunisia") is a centre-right political party in Tunisia. Its program is liberal, focusing on secularism and civil liberties. The party mainly appealed to intellectuals and the upper class.
Moncef Marzouki accused the party of having ties to the now banned Constitutional Democratic Rally. The party took offense to his statements and considered his accusation to be "inappropriate" and, according to Al Maghreb, sued him for "deficiency of professional ethics."
Afek Tounes won four seats for the constitutive assembly. The party was rattled on 3 November 2011 though by the resignation of several key founding members such as its spokesperson Emna Mnif, its general secretary Mustapha Mezghani, Sami Zaoui, Hela Hababou and another 13 members.
After underperforming in the 2011 Constituent Assembly election, Afek Tounes joined talks with other secularist and liberal parties, especially the Progressive Democratic Party to form a "big party of the centre". The merger was completed on 9 April 2012. The new party is called the Republican Party.
In August 2013, Yassine Brahim and other former party members left the Republican Party to revive Afek Tounes.
On 19 December 2020, Fadhel Abdelkefi was elected president by the national council for a four year term.
In March 2021, the party cofounds the Al Hurriya Liberal Network.
Abdelkefi resigned from the presidency of Afek Tounes on 19 October 2023.
On 10 December 2023, Rym Mahjoub was elected as president of the party running for the presidency against the party’s executive director Abderrahmane Belgacem. Mahjoub received 59.41% of the votes while Abderrahmane Belgacem obtained 37.17%.

## Election results

| Election year | # of total votes | % of overall vote | # of seats |
| Constituent Assembly of Tunisia ||||
| 2011 | 76,488 | 1.89% | 4 / 217 |
| Assembly of the Representatives of the People ||||
| 2014 | 102,916 | 3.02% | 8 / 217 |
| 2019 | 43,892 | 1.53% | 2 / 217 |
# Meymanat Rural District

Meymanat Rural District (Persian: دهستان ميمنت) is in Golestan District of Baharestan County, Tehran province, Iran. Its capital is the village of Meymanatabad.

## Demographics
### Population

At the time of the 2006 National Census, the rural district's population (as a part of Robat Karim County) was 7,107 in 1,691 households. There were 8,258 inhabitants in 2,116 households at the following census of 2011, by which time the district had been separated from the county in the establishment of Baharestan County. The 2016 census measured the population of the rural district as 7,353 in 2,043 households. The most populous of its two villages was Meymanatabad, with 5,821 people. The village of Riyeh had a population of 1,532.
# Dipleidoscope

A dipleidoscope is an instrument used to determine true noon; its name comes from the Greek for double image viewer. It consists of a small telescope and a prism that creates a double image of the sun. When the two images overlap, it is local true noon. The instrument is capable of determining true noon to within ten seconds.
The dipleidoscope was invented by Giovanni Battista Amici in the first half of the 19th century.
Edward John Dent, a chronometer and clockmaker in London, was working in the 1830s on a simple contrivance that would allow the public to set clocks correctly based on the transit of the sun (more complex and expensive transit telescopes had been developed by Ole Rømer in 1690). By 1840, he felt he had come to a suitable design using shadows, however when he communicated his ideas to J.M. Bloxam (a barrister), he found he had also been working on his own design using reflections, which Dent felt was superior. The two formed a partnership and worked together on the device, and after a further 2 years of work, they finalised the design and patented it (GB Patent 9793 of 1843), with Dent manufacturing and selling it as Dent's Dipleidoscope. The instrument could use the moon as well as the sun and when correctly calibrated and aligned the accuracy was said to be less than a second. Dent exhibited the device at the Great Exhibition of 1851. After Edward Dent died in 1853, his son Frederick William Dent took over manufacture.
The significance of this device relates in part to the development of the railways, when an absolute knowledge of the time became more important, whereas previously it was often sufficient that an entire rural community would use the parish clock, and this would periodically be set by 'the announcement of the guard of the mail coach' or similar. The instrument came with a detailed instruction booklet, which had a substantial section on correcting local time to Greenwich Mean Time (as used by the railways).
# Chen Tanqiu

Chen Tanqiu (Chinese: 陳潭秋; pinyin: Chén Tánqiū; 4 January 1896 – 27 September 1943) was a Chinese politician and founding member of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP).
Chen Tanqiu graduated from Wuhan Higher Normal School (present day Wuhan University) after which he played a leadership role in the May Fourth Movement in 1919. Chen then created the Wuhan Communist group with Dong Biwu in 1920. In 1921, Chen and Dong Biwu went to the meeting that established the CCP, later known as the first National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party.
After he returned from the national congress, Chen continued as the local leader of the CCP. In February 1923, Chen was one of the leaders who organized the February 7th Jinghan Railway Strike that sparked the labor movement nationwide.
Chen Tanqiu was a delegate of the CCP to the Comintern between 1935 and 1939. Chen was also elected to the third, fifth, sixth and seventh national CCP Congress. However, the delegates of the seventh national party congress were not aware of his execution by Sheng Shicai in 1943.
# John Peden

John Peden was an American college football coach. He served as the head coach at the University of Hawaii during the 1915 season.

## Head coaching record

| Year | Team | Overall |
| Hawaii Deans (Independent) (1915) ||||||
| 1915 | Hawaii | 5–1–1 |
| Hawaii: | Hawaii: | 5–1–1 |
| Total: | Total: | 5–1–1 |
# Central Agency for Public Mobilization and Statistics

Central Agency for Public Mobilization and Statistics (CAPMAS; Arabic: الجهاز المركزي للتعبئة العامة والإحصاء) is the official statistical agency of Egypt that collects, processes, analyzes, and disseminates statistical data and conducts the census. CAPMAS was established by a Presidential Decree 2915 in 1964 and is the official provider of data, statistics, and reports.
CAPMAS functions support state planning, decision-making and policy assessment but it has been criticized for acting as an information regulator and for failing to provide access to researchers. Researchers must obtain a permit from CAPMAS prior to doing research in the country.

## History

A Freedom of Information Act was being considered in 2013 by the Parliament of Egypt, to help ensure high level of transparency and disclosure in line with international best practices but some doubted it would pass and as of 2016, there is no such law for Egypt.
The agency participated in World Statistics Day (in October 2015), with activities honoring senior statisticians, holding workshops, and with the launching of their new website.

## Population growth

One of the more important findings, by the agency, has been the type of population growth occurring in Egypt. Since 2014, Major General Abu Bakr al-Gendy, the head of CAPMAS, said that Egypt's population has been growing, for decades, at an unsustainable rate. He said the population grows at an alarming 1 million Egyptians every six months and called this type of growth "a virus" that must be addressed.
# The Terrace

The Terrace (Spanish: La terraza) is a 1963 Argentine drama film directed by Leopoldo Torre Nilsson and starring Graciela Borges, Leonardo Favio, Marcela López Rey and Héctor Pellegrini. It was entered into the 13th Berlin International Film Festival.

## Cast

* Graciela Borges – Claudia
* Leonardo Favio – Rodolfo
* Marcela López Rey – Vicky
* Héctor Pellegrini – Alberto
* Dora Baret – Valeria
* Norberto Suárez – Luis
* Enrique Liporace – Horacio
* Luis Walmo – Pablo
* Mirtha Dabner – Mercedes
* Óscar Caballero – Guille
* Belita – Herself
* Susana Brunetti – Cuban woman
* Bernardo Kullock – Gaspar
* Fernando Vegal – Father Alfonso
* Maria Esther Duckse – Grandmother
* Alfredo Tobares – Alberto's Father
# Ananthapuram, Sri Lanka

Ananthapuram (Tamil: ஆனந்தபுரம்) is a village in north-eastern Sri Lanka. It is located approximately 4 kilometres (2.5 mi) north east of the town of Puthukkudiyiruppu and is by the A35 Paranthan-Mullaitivu highway. The village is one of nine in the Ananthapuram GN Division (Village Officer Division).
Eastern Mullaitivu District including Ananthapuram witnessed particularly brutal fighting between the Sri Lankan military and the rebel Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam in the final months of the Sri Lankan Civil War in early 2009. The Battle of Aanandapuram, one of the last major battles in civil war was fought at Ananthapuram. A United Nations report found that as many as 40,000 civilians may have been killed in the final months of the civil war, mostly as a result of indiscriminate shelling by the Sri Lankan military. There are widespread allegations that both sides committed atrocities and human rights violations including war crimes.
After the end of the war in May 2009 the residents of the village, along with most of Mullaitivu District, were held by the Sri Lankan military internment camps in Vavuniya District. Much of eastern Mullaitivu District including Ananthapuram were declared as High Security Zone and were out of bounds to the public. This meant that when the census took place in March 2012 there were only three residents in Ananthapuram GN Division. Resettlement in the GN Division began in September 2012 and by February 2013 the population was 735. However, many of Ananthapuram's residents weren't resettled in their own homes but in newly cleared areas of jungles.
# Athletics at the 2023 Pan American Games – Women's marathon

The women's marathon competition of the athletics events at the 2023 Pan American Games was held on October 22 on the streets of Santiago, Chile.

## Records

| World record | Tigst Assefa (ETH) | 2:11:53 | Berlin, Germany | September 24, 2023 |
| Pan American Games record | Gladys Tejeda (PER) | 2:30:55 | Lima, Peru | July 27, 2019 |

## Schedule

| Date | Time | Round |
| October 22, 2023 | 7:15 | Final |

## Abbreviations

* All times shown are in hours:minutes:seconds
| KEY: | NR | National record | PB | Personal best | SB | Seasonal best | DQ | Disqualified | DNF | Did not finished |

## Results

| Rank | Athlete | Nation | Time | Notes |
| | Citlali Cristian | Mexico | 2:27:12 | GR |
| | Florencia Borelli | Argentina | 2:27:29 | |
| | Gladys Tejeda | Peru | 2:30:39 | SB |
| 4 | Aydee Loayza | Peru | 2:30:55 | |
| 5 | Rosa Chacha | Ecuador | 2:31:01 | |
| 6 | Risper Biyaki | Mexico | 2:32:13 | |
| 7 | Giselle Alvarez | Chile | 2:37:21 | |
| 8 | Valdilene dos Santos | Brazil | 2:38:40 | |
| 9 | Andreia Hessel | Brazil | 2:39:53 | SB |
| 10 | Danica Kusanovic | Chile | 2:42:31 | PB |
| 11 | Beverly Ramos | Puerto Rico | 2:46:22 | |
| 12 | Fatima Romero | Paraguay | 2:56:56 | |
# Sun Bingwen

Sun Bingwen (Chinese: 孫炳文; 1885–1927) was a Chinese Communist revolutionary who was executed by the Kuomintang during the Shanghai massacre.

## Biography

Sun Bingwen was born in a merchant family, the ninth of eleven children of his father Sun Buzhen. In 1908, he was admitted to the English class of the prep school of the Imperial University of Peking. Sun joined the Tongmenghui in 1911, and served as the editor-in-chief of the Republic of China Daily. After the Xinhai Revolution of 1911, he was admitted to Peking University. He met Zhu De in 1917, and served as chief of staff of a brigade. In September 1922, he and Zhu De went to study in Germany and in November of the same year, he joined the Chinese Communist Party in Berlin.
In April 1927, he became the General Affairs and Military Director of the Military Committee of the National Government. He was arrested and executed by the Kuomintang in Longhua, Shanghai during the Shanghai massacre of 1927. After his death, his daughter Sun Weishi was adopted by Zhou Enlai, later Premier of China.
# Susan Greenbaum

Susan D. Greenbaum is an emirita professor of Anthropology at the University of Florida.
She received her B.A., M.A., and Ph.D degrees from the University of Kansas. The University of Kansas has a collection of her papers.
She wrote a book about Afro-Cubans in Tampa. She wrote a book titled Blaming the Poor about Daniel Patrick Moynihan's report "Negro Family" and its long term affects. She gave an oral history interview in 2001.

## Writings

* The Afro-American Community in Kansas City, Kansas
* Afro-Cubans in Ybor City; A centennial history
* More than Black: Afro-Cubans in Tampa
* Blaming the Poor; The Long Shadow of the Moynihan Report on Cruel Images About Poverty Rutgers University Press (2015)
# Tagus International Natural Park

The Tagus International Natural Park (Portuguese: Parque Natural do Tejo Internacional, Spanish: Parque natural del Tajo Internacional) is a protected area in Portugal and Spain. It is an important area for the conservation of several species of birds that nest on the rugged banks of rivers and surrounding areas. It is also one of the lowest human density areas in the Iberian Peninsula.
For part of its course, the River Tagus forms the boundary between Spain and Portugal. Areas on both sides of the river are designated as natural parks by the respective nations. However, while the Portuguese side of the park is a IUCN category V (protected landscape), the Spanish side is categorized as a wilderness area, thus being much more restricted.
# Bolia People

The Bolia, or Bulia, also called Lia Twa or Lia, are a subgroup of the Mongo Twa living on the north side of Lake Mai-Ndombe. They coinhabit the land with a minority pygmy population.

## Bolia Kingdom

The Bolia people established the Bolia Kingdom east of Lake Mai-Ndombe. According to historian Christopher Ehret, this was established sometime in the 12th or perhaps as early as the 11th century, though other scholars, such as John Thornton, claim it may have been founded as late as the early 18th century based on oral sources of the Bolia people. After defeating the Bozanga Kingdom, they took control over the entirety of Lake Mai-Ndombe and encroached southward to the Ngeliboma Kingdom, who they competed with for much of the 18th century. According to the Moravian missionary Christian Georg Andreas Oldendorp in 1767, Bolia was split between three territories, each with their own ruler: Cando, Colambo, and Bongolo. They frequently warred against each other, though the Bolia kings (whom they feared) had the power to stop these wars. Despite the infighting, Bolia continued to wage wars with their neighbors, such as Ngeliboma, whom they invaded and pillaged around 1760, withdrawing and leaving it in ruins. Around 1800, Ngeliboma invaded Bolia and took their capital, but a Bolia counterattack defeated them and forced the Ngeliboma forces out of their lands.