OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# First General Army (Japan)

The First General Army (第1総軍 (日本軍), Dai-ichi Sōgun) was a general army (army group equivalent) of the Imperial Japanese Army, established for the defense of eastern and northern Honshū (including the Tōkai and Kantō regions) during the final stage of the Pacific War.

## History

The First General Army was established on April 8, 1945, with the dissolution of the General Defense Command into the First and Second General Army. It was essentially a home guard and garrison, responsible for civil defense, anti-aircraft defenses, and for organizing guerilla warfare cells in anticipation of the projected Allied invasion of the Japanese home islands in Operation Downfall (or Operation Ketsugō (決号作戦, Ketsugō sakusen) in Japanese terminology). Although its territory encompassed all of northern Japan, its primary mission was to ensure the security of the heavily populated Kantō region, which included Tokyo. Its forces consisted mostly of poorly trained and poorly armed reservists, conscripted students and home guard militia.
The First General Army remained active for several months after the surrender of Japan to help maintain public order until the arrival of the American occupation forces, and to oversee the final demobilization and dissolution of the Imperial Japanese Army.

## Commanders
### Commanding officer

| | Name | From | To |
| 1 | Field Marshal Hajime Sugiyama | 7 April 1945 | 12 September 1945 |
| 2 | General Kenji Doihara | 14 September 1945 | 23 September 1945 |
| 3 | General Yoshijirō Umezu | 23 September 1945 | 1 October 1945 |
| 4 | General Masakazu Kawabe | 1 October 1945 | 30 November 1945 |

### Chief of Staff

| | Name | From | To |
| 1 | Lieutenant General Einosuke Sudo | 6 April 1945 | 30 October 1945 |
# Solar cycle 23

Solar cycle 23 was the 23rd solar cycle since 1755, when extensive recording of solar sunspot activity began. The solar cycle lasted 12.6 years, beginning in August 1996 and ending in December 2008. The maximum smoothed sunspot number observed during the solar cycle was 180.3 (November 2001), and the starting minimum was 11.2. During the minimum transit from solar cycle 23 to 24, there were a total of 817 days with no sunspots. Compared to the last several solar cycles, it was fairly average in terms of activity.

## History

Large solar flares and coronal mass ejections (CMEs) occurred on 7 September 2005 (X17), 15 April 2001 (X14.4) and 29 October 2003 (X10), with auroras visible in mid-latitudes.

### 2000

One of the first major aurora displays of solar cycle 23 occurred on 6 April 2000, with bright red auroras visible as far south as Florida and South Europe. On 14 July 2000, the CME hurled by a X5.7 solar flare provoked an extreme (G5 level) geomagnetic storm the next day. Known as the Bastille Day event, this storm caused damage to GPS systems and some power systems. Auroras were visible as far south as Texas.

### 2001

Another major aurora display was observed on 1 April 2001, due to a coronal mass ejection hitting the Earth's magnetosphere. Auroras were observed as far south as Mexico and South Europe. A large solar flare (the second-most powerful ever recorded) occurred on 2 April 2001, an X20-class, but the blast was directed away from Earth.

### 2003

In late October 2003, a series of large solar flares occurred. A X17.2-class flare ejected on 28 October 2003 produced auroras visible as far south as Florida and Texas. A G5 level geomagnetic storm blasted the Earth's magnetosphere over the next two days. A few days later, the largest solar flare ever measured with instruments occurred on 4 November; initially measured at X28, it was later upgraded to an X45-class. This flare was not Earth-oriented and thus only resulted in high-latitude auroras. The whole sequence of events that occurred from 28 October to 4 November is known as the Halloween Solar Storm.
# Jinnah Bridge

Jinnah Bridge (Urdu: جناح پل) is a circular flyover located between Kharadar and Kiamari on Chinna Creek in Karachi, Pakistan. Until 1982, the bridge was known as Napier Mole Bridge. It was upgraded and developed into a circular one-way flyover between 1993 and 1997. The bridge connects Karachi port to the city, and is the southwest terminus of Mohammad Ali Jinnah Road. Port Grand Food and Entertainment Complex food street is located in the centre of the flyover.
# Hautaget

Hautaget (French pronunciation:; Occitan: Hauthaget) is a commune in the Hautes-Pyrénées department in south-western France.
# Belmont-Bretenoux

Belmont-Bretenoux (French pronunciation:; Occitan: Bèlmont) is a commune in the Lot department in southwestern France.

## Toponymy

The name Belmont is formed from the medieval terms bèl (beautiful) and mont (mountain). The current name dates from 1929.
# Serixia puncticollis

Serixia puncticollis is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Stephan von Breuning in 1960.
# Stéphane Ravier

Stéphane Ravier (French pronunciation:; born 4 August 1969) is a French politician and former civil servant who has represented the Bouches-du-Rhône department in the Senate since 2014. A former member of the National Rally who joined Reconquête in 2022, he previously held a seat in the Regional Council of Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur from 2010 to 2016.

## Biography

A native of Gap, Ravier was first elected to the Regional Council of Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur in 2010 on the National Front list (renamed National Rally in 2018) led by Jean-Marie Le Pen. He held his seat until his resignation in early 2016.
Ravier was elected to the Senate in 2014 and reelected in 2020—alongside David Rachline, they became the first Front National candidates elected to the Senate. He was his party's top candidate in the 2014 and 2020 municipal elections in Marseille, in which he led lists that respectively placed second and third. He has been a municipal councillor of Marseille since 4 April 2014. He held the mayorship of 7th sector of Marseille (13th and 14th arrondissements) from 11 April 2014 to 22 September 2017.
In February 2022, during Marine Le Pen's presidential campaign, Ravier publicly endorsed far-right presidential rival Éric Zemmour. He subsequently joined his new Reconquête party. He is currently one of two members of Reconquête in the Senate alongside Sébastien Meurant of Val-d'Oise. He left Reconquête in 2024.
# Varyashbash

Varyashbash (Russian: Варяшбаш; Bashkir: Вәрәшбаш, Wäräşbaş) is a rural locality (a village) in Novoartaulsky Selsoviet, Yanaulsky District, Bashkortostan, Russia. The population was 68 as of 2010. There is 1 street.

## Geography

Varyashbash is located 23 km north of Yanaul (the district's administrative centre) by road. Votskaya Oshya is the nearest rural locality.
# Dadastana

Dadastana (Ancient Greek: Δαδάστανα) was an inland town of ancient Bithynia. The Tabula Peutingeriana places it on a road from Nicaea to Juliopolis, and 29 M. P. from Juliopolis. It appears to have been near the borders of Bithynia and Galatia, as Ammianus says. The emperor Jovianus on his return from the East came from Ancyra to Dadastana, where he died suddenly.
Its site is located near Karahisar, Asiatic Turkey.
# Atizyes

Atizyes (Ancient Greek: Ἀτιζύης; died 333 BC) was a Persian satrap of Greater Phrygia under the Achaemenids in 334 BC, when Alexander the Great began his campaign. He is not mentioned in the council of Zelea where the satrap coalition was formed against the invasion, so it is not sure whether he took part in the battle of the Granicus. After the battle, he appears to be in the capital of Greater Phrygia, Celaenae where he had a garrison force of 1,000 Carians and 100 Greek mercenaries. He himself went to Syria to join the army of Darius III and fell in the battle of Issus (modern-day Turkey) at 333 BC. After Phrygia fell to Alexander, he appointed his general Antigonus Monophthalmus as its satrap.
# Yengi Arkh, Bijar

Yengi Arkh (Persian: ينگي ارخ, also Romanized as Yengī Arkh and Yangī Azakh) is a village in Gorgin Rural District, Korani District, Bijar County, Kurdistan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 164, in 31 families. The village is populated by Azerbaijanis.
# Vilare Island

Vilare Island (Bulgarian: остров Виларе, romanized: ostrov Vilare, IPA:) is the low ice-free island in the Onogur group off the northwest coast of Robert Island in the South Shetland Islands, Antarctica extending 130 m in east-west direction and 60 m wide. It is separated from Churicheni Island by a 20 m wide passage.
The feature is named after the settlement of Vilare in Northern Bulgaria.

## Location

Vilare Island is located at 62°21′06.5″S 59°40′35″W﻿ / ﻿62.351806°S 59.67639°W﻿ / -62.351806; -59.67639, which is 1.7 km north-northeast of Misnomer Point and 290 m west-southwest of Shipot Point. Bulgarian mapping in 2009.
# Bezenkuiyeh

Bezenkuiyeh (Persian: بزنكوئيه, also Romanized as Bezenkū’īyeh) is a village in Chahar Gonbad Rural District, in the Central District of Sirjan County, Kerman Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 20, in 4 families.
# Foxtron Model B

The Foxtron Model B is a battery electric vehicle designed by Foxtron, a joint venture of Foxconn and Yulon Motor, using the same Foxtron MIH platform as the earlier Foxtron Model C sport utility vehicle. It was styled by Pininfarina. The prototype was unveiled in October 2022 and the production model was shown one year later.

## History

The prototype Model B was shown at Hon Hai Tech Day on October 18, 2022; contemporary press coverage focused on its design, which was subcontracted to the Italian design studio Pininfarina. Initial speculation compared the Model B to the Volkswagen ID.3, but the prototype was approximately the same size and targeted the same market segment as the Honda HR-V and Mazda CX-30.
An updated version was shown one year later; Foxtron confirmed the Model B would enter production, possibly to be marketed by Luxgen in Taiwan as the Luxgen n5. Luxgen filed for a trademark on 'n5' in 2023. The vehicle was expected to start production in 2023 at an unspecified factory in China and in 2024 at Lordstown Assembly in the United States.

## Design

The range for a planned long-range version is estimated to exceed 500 km (310 mi) on the New European Driving Cycle. It is expected to be offered either as a single-motor, rear-wheel-drive vehicle or a dual-motor, all-wheel-drive version. It shares its basic platform and drivetrain components with the Luxgen n7; the single-motor version is expected to have the same maximum output of 230 hp (170 kW; 230 PS) and traction battery with 60 kW-hr capacity, offering a maximum range of 450 km (280 mi), NEDC.
# Velykyi Buialyk

Velykyi Buialyk (Ukrainian: Великий Буялик, Bulgarian: Голям Буялък) is a village in Berezivka Raion, Odesa Oblast, Ukraine. It hosts the administration of Velykyi Buialyk rural hromada, one of the hromadas of Ukraine. The village has a population of 1,694.
Established as Velykyi Buialyk in 1802 by Bulgarian refugees from the Ottoman Empire, the village was renamed in 1923 as Blahoіeve (Russian Blagoievo) after the Bulgarian thinker Dimitar Blagoev.
Until 18 July 2020, Velykyi Buialyk belonged to Ivanivka Raion. The raion was abolished in July 2020 as part of the administrative reform of Ukraine, which reduced the number of raions of Odesa Oblast to seven. The area of Ivanivka Raion was merged into Berezivka Raion.
# Nordfjord Folk Museum

The Nordfjord Folk Museum (Norwegian: Nordfjord folkemuseum) is a regional museum for Nordfjord, Norway and is a division of Museums of Sogn og Fjordane. The museum is located in the Jølet area of Sandane in the municipality of Gloppen.

## Holdings

The museum's collection includes 45 old buildings from the 17th, 18th, and 19th centuries. These include cottages and storehouses, an outdoor kitchen, barns and stables, a stall and milking building, a doghouse, a chicken coop, a school room, and a dye-house. The museum has approximately 25,000 items from the outer coastal settlements to the innermost agricultural settlements in Nordfjord. The museum covers hydropower in Sogn and Fjordane, and functioning rotary mills, stamping mills, sawmills, and water wheel houses are located along a river connected to ponds and streams. In the administration and exhibition building there are permanent and changing exhibitions, a museum shop, and a café.

## Events

The rock festival Glopperock has regularly been held at the open-air museum.

## History

The Nordfjord Folk Museum was founded by the Nordfjord Historical Society (Nordfjord Sogelag) in 1920. It was first located in Åsen just outside of Sandane before the museum was relocated to Jølet in 1960. In 1995, a new fireproof building was opened at a cost of approximately NOK 20 million and a total area of approximately 1,800 square meters (19,000 sq ft). This building houses the museum's administration and indoor exhibition premises. In 2009, the Nordfjord Folk Museum became part of the Museums of Sogn and Fjordane Foundation (Stiftinga Musea i Sogn og Fjordane, MISF), which is the consolidated museum for Sogn and Fjordane. The former owners of the museums have transferred professional, administrative, and financial responsibility to the new museum.

## Directors

The Nordfjord Folk Museum has been headed by:
* Aslaug Nesje Bjørlo (from 1995 to 2016)
* Anne Kristin Moe (since 2016)
# Pogromets

Pogromets (Russian: Погромец) is a rural locality (a selo) and the administrative center of Pogromskoye Rural Settlement, Volokonovsky District, Belgorod Oblast, Russia. In the 19th century the village was part of Pogromskaya volost, Valuysky Uyezd, Voronezh Governorate. The population was 396 as of 2010. There are 8 streets.

## Geography

Pogromets is located 16 km south of Volokonovka (the district's administrative centre) by road. Verkhneyablonovo is the nearest rural locality.
# Urazgildy

Urazgildy (Russian: Уразгильды; Bashkir: Ураҙгилде, Uraźgilde) is a rural locality (a selo) in Novotatyshlinsky Selsoviet, Tatyshlinsky District, Bashkortostan, Russia. The population was 471 as of 2010. There are 6 streets.

## Geography

Urazgildy is located 5 km south of Verkhniye Tatyshly (the district's administrative centre) by road. Verkhniye Tatyshly is the nearest rural locality.
# Scopula liotis

Scopula liotis is a species of moth in the family Geometridae. It is found in Australia (New South Wales).
# Vitaly Kirinchuk

Vitaly Yurievich Kirinchuk (Russian: Виталий Юрьевич Киринчук; born 2 September 1970) is a retired Russian swimmer who won a gold medal in the 4×100 m medley relay and a bronze medal in the 100 m breaststroke events at the 1993 European Aquatics Championships.
He graduated from the Lesgaft National State University of Physical Education, and after retirement from competitions worked as a coach in swimming, volleyball and basketball at the Saint-Petersburg University of Humanities and Social Sciences.
# Nordenskiöld Bay

Nordenskiöld Bay (Norwegian: Nordenskiöldbukta) is a bay on the northern coast of Nordaustlandet, Svalbard.
The bay is named after Arctic explorer Adolf Erik Nordenskiöld.

## Geography

Located between Laponiahalvøya and Prins Oscars Land, the bay is facing north and has a width of about 25 nautical miles. It contains several fjords and smaller bays, including Ekstremfjorden, Sabinebukta, Carolusbukta and Rijpfjorden.
# Anineta

Anineta, also known as Aninetum or Anineton (Ancient Greek: Ἀνίνητον), was a town of ancient Lydia or of Caria, and later of the Roman, and Byzantine empires, located in modern Turkey, the site of an ancient bishopric in (the Roman province of Asia) and was an important site early in christianity. Anineta remains today a titular see of the Roman Catholic Church in the ecclesiastical province of Ephesus. In addition it minted coins bearing the legend Ἀνινησίων.
Its site is located near Bögdelik in Asiatic Turkey.

## Bishopric

The Diocese of Anineta (Dioecesis Aninetensis) is a suppressed and titular see of the Roman Catholic Church in the Roman province of Asia. It was part of the Patriarchate of Constantinople and was suffragan of the Archdiocese of Ephesus.
The first bishop mentioned by any historical sources is Hermogene. the martyrology indicates he was a martyr and disciple of St. Paul.
Another two bishops of Anineta, are Teodoro who participated in the Ecumenical Council of Ephesus (431) and Mamas participated in the Council of Chalcedon (451). Today Anineta survives as a titular bishopric and the seat is vacant.

## Bishops

* Hermogenes
* Teodoro (fl 431AD)
* Mamas (or Modesto) (fl 451AD )
* Paweł Latusek (13 November 1961 – 16 February 1973)
# Ramjerd-e Bala

Ramjerd-e Bala (Persian: رمجردبالا, also Romanized as Ramjerd-e Bālā) is a village in Jowzam Rural District, Dehaj District, Shahr-e Babak County, Kerman Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 33, in 6 families.
# Princess Astrid Coast

70°45′S 12°30′E﻿ / ﻿70.750°S 12.500°E﻿ / -70.750; 12.500 Princess Astrid Coast (Norwegian: Prinsesse Astrid Kyst) is a portion of the coast of Queen Maud Land, Antarctica, lying between 5° and 20° E. The entire coast is bordered by ice shelves. The region was discovered by Capt. H. Halvorsen of the Sevilla (ship) in March 1931 and in 1932 was named for Princess Astrid of Norway. The ice of the continental glacier is up to 4,000 meters thick in the interior. These thick glaciers are held in place by coastal mountain ranges. On the Princess Astrid Coast, some of the ice does flow through the mountains, spilling onto the relatively flat land on the Princess Astrid Coast. Also, the cold air spills over the mountains, creating very strong and persistent winds, which makes the snow scour off the tops of the glaciers leaving pale blue patches of bare ice. On top of the coastal line is the ice shelf, which is much smoother. The glacial ice floats on the sea surface which is beyond the chaotic surface of the sea ice which has been solidifying all winter long.
Off the Princess Astrid Coast are the Lazarev Sea and Riiser-Larsen Sea, both marginal seas of the Southern Ocean. According to the Norwegian point of view, King Haakon VII Sea stretches in that place and along the entire coast of Queen Maud land. The central part of Princess Astrid Coast lies the Schiermacher Oasis, where the Soviet Novolazarevskaia scientific station has been operating since 1961 and the Indian Maitri (research station) has been operating since 1989. Previously (1959–1961) the Soviet Lazarev Station operated in the Princess Astrid Coast region. The Coast was discovered in 1931 by Norwegian whalers and was named after a Norwegian princess who was called Princess Astrid. Since 1959 the Princess Astrid Coast has been a region of systematic research by the Soviet antarctic expeditions.
# Phegaea (Aigeis)

Phegaea or Phegaia (Ancient Greek: Φηγαία) was a deme of ancient Attica in the phyle of Aigeis. The Suda places Phegaea in the phyle of Aeantis.
Phegaea's site is tentatively located near modern Ierotsakouli.
# Artystone

Artystone (Old Persian: *R̥tastūnā; Ancient Greek: Ἀρτυστώνη Artustṓnē; Elamite Ir-taš-du-na, Ir-da-iš-du-na) also known as Irtašduna in the Fortification tablets, was a Achaemenid princess, daughter of king Cyrus the Great, and sister of Cambyses II, Atossa and Smerdis. Along with Atossa and her niece Parmys, Artystone married king Darius I. It is argued that by marrying the female offspring of Cyrus, the founder of the empire, the new king aimed to prevent his rule from being contested, since Darius himself was not of royal blood.
Artystone and Darius had at least two sons, Arsames and Gobryas, and a daughter, Artazostre. According to the Greek historian Herodotus, Artystone was Darius' favourite wife.
According to James Ussher, Artystone may have been another name for the biblical queen Esther, since Herodotus also called her Artystone the Virgin. While Esther is commonly known as the wife of Xerxes or Artaxerxes, the Book of Esther lists her cousin Mordecai as present during Nebuchadnezzar's capture of Jeconiah in 599 BC, and Josephus referencing him as a contemporary of Darius, making it impossible for Mordecai to be alive during Xerxes' or Artexerxes' reigns.

## Primary sources

* Herodotus, 3.88.2 bis; 7.69.2; 7.72.2.
* The Persepolis Fortification Archive
* Annals of the World by James Ussher, 797; 1036
# Igor Kudelin

Igor Alexandrovich Kudelin (born August 8, 1972) is a Russian former professional basketball player. A 1.95 tall shooting guard, he spent the major part of his career playing for CSKA Moscow. He helped his team reach the Euroleague Final Four twice, in 1996 and 2001.
Kudelin was a regular member of the Russian national team. With Russia he won a silver medal at the 1998 FIBA World Championship as well as a bronze medal at the 1997 Eurobasket.
# Mountaindale, Oregon

Mountaindale is an unincorporated community in Washington County, Oregon, United States, about four miles northwest of North Plains. Settled in the 1850s, the small community was the longtime home of the Mountaindale Store. The area is part of Washington County Fire District 2.

## History

The Atfalati tribe of Native Americans had a seasonal campsite in the area prior to the arrival of European-Americans in the 1830s. The first Euro-American settlers in the Mountaindale area were Samuel B. and Mary Raffety, who in 1852 traveled the Oregon Trail to the Oregon Territory and settled a donation land claim in northern Washington County in the foothills of the Oregon Coast Range. Originally from Kentucky, they raised eight children on their 320-acre (130 ha) farm. One child, Charles H. Raffety, later served as mayor of East Portland before its annexation into Portland. Mountaindale School District 41 was formed on December 5, 1868, with Alzada Cornelius as the first teacher and W. D. Pittenger as the first superintendent. The school was built at that time and was located on the Dobbins land claim. The store was later built in front of the school. The post office was established in 1873 as "Mountain Dale" and the name was changed to "Mountaindale" in 1895. The name combining "mountain" and "dale" is descriptive, as the community is where East Fork Dairy Creek emerges from the foothills at the north edge of the Tualatin Valley.
In 1885, a new schoolhouse was built for $200. It was 30 feet (9.1 m) long, 13 feet (4.0 m) wide, and 12 feet (3.7 m) tall. The new school was originally known as the Raffety School as it was built on land donated by Samuel Raffety. Charles Reynolds opened the first store in the community in 1896. In 1904, a new Mountaindale Store was built across the street from the original. Reynolds also operated a freight line and a blacksmith shop. In 1915, Mountaindale had two sawmills, and much of the area surrounding area was logged.
The Mountaindale post office closed in 1935. In February 1953, the school district was merged into the North Plains School District (originally known as the Glencoe district), which merged into the Hillsboro School District in 1996. The Mountaindale school remained in use until 1954 or 1955, and by 1976 was owned by the Stohr family.
In 1990, the only public buildings remaining in the community were the store and the closed schoolhouse. The store is also now closed.
The Mountaindale Airport is a mile southwest of the community.
# Nizhniye Karyavdy

Nizhniye Karyavdy (Russian: Нижние Карьявды; Bashkir: Түбәнге Ҡаръяуҙы, Tübänge Qaryawźı) is a rural locality (a selo) in Chekmagushevsky District, Bashkortostan, Russia. The population was 141 as of 2010. There are 2 streets.

## Geography

Nizhniye Karyavdy is located 22 km southwest of Chekmagush (the district's administrative centre) by road. Verkhniye Karyavdy is the nearest rural locality.