OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Saqsin

Saqsin, also known as Saksin and Saksin-Bolgar, was a medieval city that flourished from the eleventh to the thirteenth centuries. It was situated in the Volga Delta (modern-day Astrakhan Oblast), or in the Lower Volga region, and was known in pre-Mongol times as Saksin-Bolgar, which in Mongol times became Sarai Batu. It was mentioned by the Arab geographer al-Gharnati and the Persian Qazwini, among others, and recorded as "the land of the Saksins" in the report of Friar Benedict of Poland about the 1246 trip of Giovanni da Pian del Carpine through the camp of Mongol prince Batu Khan on the shores of the Volga. S.A. Pletneva locates Saksin between present Volgograd and Akhtubinsk.
Friar Benedict apparently misunderstood the name as somehow connected with the Saxons of Germany, stating incorrectly that the inhabitants were Christians and "believed to be Goths" related to those of Crimea. In actuality, they were probably Turkic and Muslim.
Saqsin may be an Arabized version of Sarighsin, Turkic for "Yellow City" or "White city". The identity of its inhabitants is unclear, though Carpine reports that Saksin province was inhabited by Kumans. It was situated near the ruins of Atil, the old Khazar capital, but there is no indication that it was part of any latter-day Khazar polity. It was situated in Kipchak territory and may have been the center for one of their principalities. Some sources claim that it was under the influence of the Volga Bulgars.

## Excavations

Beginning in 2003 Dmitry Vasilyev of Astrakhan State University led a series of excavations at the Samosdelskoye site near the village of Samosdelka (Russian: Самосделка) in the Volga Delta. Vasilyev connected artifacts from the middle strata with Khazar, Oghuz and Bulgar culture, leading him to believe that he had discovered the site of Saqsin. The matter is still unresolved. Sarai Batu was excavated by a number of expeditions exploring the center of the city, and was probably located on the periphery of the original Saqsin. The ruins of Atil appear to be underneath the layers presumed to represent Saqsin.
# Châteaugay

Châteaugay (French:; Auvergnat: Chasteugai) is a commune in the Puy-de-Dôme department in Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes in central France.
# Saint-Andéol-de-Berg

Saint-Andéol-de-Berg (French pronunciation:; Occitan: Sant Andiòu de Bèrc) is a commune in the Ardèche department in the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region in southern France.
# Dometa Point

Dometa Point (Bulgarian: нос Домета, ‘Nos Dometa’ \'nos do-'me-ta\) is a point in the middle part of South Beaches on Byers Peninsula, Livingston Island in the South Shetland Islands, Antarctica. It is situated 4.3 km west-northwest of Rish Point, 1.2 km southwest of Negro Hill, 4.6 km southeast of Chester Cone, and 4.2 km east-northeast of Nikopol Point. Fontus Lake is centred 600 m northeast of the point.
The feature is named after Dometa, governor of the southwestern Bulgarian province of Kutmichevitsa hosting the mission of St. Kliment Ohridski assigned by Czar Boris I of Bulgaria (9th Century AD).

## Location

Dometa Point is located at 62°39′44″S 61°00′51″W﻿ / ﻿62.66222°S 61.01417°W﻿ / -62.66222; -61.01417 (British mapping in 1968, detailed Spanish mapping in 1992, and Bulgarian mapping in 2005 and 2009).

## Map

* Península Byers, Isla Livingston. Mapa topográfico a escala 1:25000. Madrid: Servicio Geográfico del Ejército, 1992.
* L.L. Ivanov et al. Antarctica: Livingston Island and Greenwich Island, South Shetland Islands. Scale 1:100000 topographic map. Sofia: Antarctic Place-names Commission of Bulgaria, 2005.
* L.L. Ivanov. Antarctica: Livingston Island and Greenwich, Robert, Snow and Smith Islands. Scale 1:120000 topographic map. Troyan: Manfred Wörner Foundation, 2010. ISBN 978-954-92032-9-5 (First edition 2009. ISBN 978-954-92032-6-4)
* Antarctic Digital Database (ADD). Scale 1:250000 topographic map of Antarctica. Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research (SCAR). Since 1993, regularly upgraded and updated.
* L.L. Ivanov. Antarctica: Livingston Island and Smith Island. Scale 1:100000 topographic map. Manfred Wörner Foundation, 2017. ISBN 978-619-90008-3-0
# Abbasabad, Aliabad, Taft

Abbasabad (Persian: عباس اباد, romanized: ‘Abbāsābād) is a village in Aliabad Rural District, in the Central District of Taft County, Yazd Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 79, in 24 families.
# Mokrous

Mokrous (Russian: Мокроус) is an urban locality (a work settlement) and the administrative center of Fyodorovsky District of Saratov Oblast, Russia. Population: 6,731 (2010 Census); 6,788 (2002 Census); 6,559 (1989 Soviet census).
# Peleriyeh

Peleriyeh (Persian: پلريه, also Romanized as Pelerīyeh) is a village in Larijan-e Sofla Rural District, Larijan District, Amol County, Mazandaran Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 51, in 21 families.
# Andrey Dzivakow

Andrey Dzivakow (Belarusian: Андрэй Дзівакоў; Russian: Андрей Диваков; born 7 October 1978) is a former Belarusian professional footballer.

## Honours

BATE Borisov
* Belarusian Premier League champion: 1999
# Fèy

"Fèy" is a traditional Vodou folk song in Haiti. In Haitian Creole, "fèy" means "leaf", and the lyrics of the song describe a leaf falling from a tree. Like many traditional songs in Vodou folklore, the lyrics of "Fèy" can hold many meanings, both religious and political. At least two mizik rasin bands in the 1990s sang adaptations of the traditional song. A version first performed by RAM in 1992 was banned throughout Haiti during the remaining years of the Raoul Cédras military junta.
In 1991, a military junta headed by Raoul Cédras seized power in a coup d'etat, overthrowing the elected president, Jean-Bertrand Aristide. RAM, a rasin band in Port-au-Prince, which had run © of military authorities before, first performed "Fèy" at the 1992 Carnival in Port-au-Prince, and then began to perform the song during their weekly concerts at the Hotel Oloffson. Despite no overt references to the political situation, a recording of the song was widely played on the radio and immediately taken up throughout the country as an unofficial anthem of support for Aristide. Playing or singing the song was soon banned under military authority, and RAM's leader, Richard A. Morse, was subjected to death threats from the regime. In September, 1994, U.S. military troops arrived to oust the Cédras regime and restore Aristide to his presidency. "Fèy" was released on RAM's first album, Aïbobo, in 1996.

## Lyrics

"Fèy" is a traditional Haitian vodou folklore song, and as such the lyrics are in the public domain. The Creole lyrics are as printed in the liner notes of RAM's first album, Aïbobo, and the English language translation is by Bob Shacochis.

### English
## Audio samples

| Year | Band | Song Title | Album | Notes |
| 1996 | RAM | "Fèy" Listen | Aïbobo | Censored by Haitian military, 1992-1994 |
# Endless Night (painting)

Endless Night is a painting executed in 1983 by Nabil Kanso in oil paint on canvas measuring 2.25 by 3 metres (7 ft 5 in × 9 ft 10 in). It is part of a group of related paintings made by Kanso in response to the Lebanese Civil War. The painting depicts the ravages war in a scene that "embodies recurrent themes of carnage, suffering and the disintegration of humanity."
The composition seems to divide the canvas in two zones that contrast one mass of helpless and tormented figures on the left and one group of complacent looking and rigidly poised figures on the upper right. The focal point appears to fall between the two contrasting sections toward the central horizontal line in the middle distance creating a variation of focus that moves from one side to another and spread the attention over the various areas. The swirls of somber tone emanating from the blaze of torched places in the background seem to reinforce the tense mood and sharpen the interplay of dark and light. Critical opinion notes "A dark palette tending to brown is set afire by strongly contrasting hues. A lurid orange illuminates the Endless Night, in which figures with masklike faces standing on a parapet stonily witness the suffering of people and animals below."
# Shudimari

Shudimari (Russian: Шудимари; Bashkir: Шудимари, Şudimari) is a rural locality (a village) in Itkineyevsky Selsoviet, Yanaulsky District, Bashkortostan, Russia. The population was 49 as of 2010. There is 1 street.

## Geography

Shudimari is located 10 km southeast of Yanaul (the district's administrative centre) by road. Itkineyevo is the nearest rural locality.
# Ruen

Ruen (Bulgarian: Руен, pronounced; Turkish: Ulanlı) is a village in southeastern Bulgaria, part of Burgas Province. It is the administrative centre of Ruen municipality, which lies in the northern part of Burgas Province.

## Municipality

Ruen municipality includes the following 41 places:
| Bilka Cheresha Dobra Polyana Dobromir Daskotna Dropla Dyulya Kamenyak Karavelyovo Listets Lyulyakovo Mrezhichko Planinitsa Podgorets Preobrazhentsi Pripek Prosenik Razboyna Razhitsa Rechitsa Rozhden | Rudina Ruen Rupcha Shivarovo Sini Rid Skalak Snezha Snyagovo Sokolets Sredna Mahala Struya Topchiysko Tranak Vishna Vresovo Yabalchevo Yasenovo Zaimchevo Zaychar Zvezda |
The population of the municipality is predominantly Turkish (see Turks in Bulgaria), with some Bulgarians, Roma and Pomaks.
42°48′N 27°17′E﻿ / ﻿42.800°N 27.283°E﻿ / 42.800; 27.283
* This Burgas Province, Bulgaria location article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
# Pir Aziz

Pir Aziz (Persian: پيرعزيز, also Romanized as Pīr ‘Azīz) is a village in Charuymaq-e Sharqi Rural District, Shadian District, Charuymaq County, East Azerbaijan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 31, in 6 families.
# Raúl Baglini

Raúl Eduardo Baglini (23 December 1949 – 3 January 2021) was an Argentine politician and lawyer who served in both houses of the National Congress of Argentina, representing the Radical Civic Union.

## Biography

Baglini received his law degree from the National University of Córdoba. There, he began his membership in the Radical Civil Union, from the student group Franja Morada. He was a professor at the university and a member of the Faculty of Economical Sciences of the National University of Cuyo. In the 1983 elections, he was elected national deputy, with his party triumphing over Peronism. He held office until 1985, and was re-elected in 1989 and 1993.
During his time in the Chamber of Deputies, he was identified as a strong supporter of President Raúl Alfonsín and a firm opponent of his successor, Peronist Carlos Menem. He was head at the bench of his party, of the Budget and the Treasury Commission and was vice president of the chamber. He was president of the National Convention of the UCR.
He was chosen as a candidate to govern Mendoza, but was defeated by Peronist José Octavio Bordón, after countless debates in which both believed to be victors.
During Menem's rule, he maintained relations with the postal businessman Alfredo Yabrán, and was accused of complicity in his illegal business.
After his time in the Chamber of the Deputies, he returned to being the legal profession, as head of a legal study and representative of the Federal Administration of Public Revenues against large evaders.
In 2001, he was chosen as National Senator for his province. He participated in the Global Bond Exchange (known as the "Megacanje") of his country's external debt and supported the initiative of President Fernando de la Rúa. He excused himself from participating in the trial against Eduardo Moliné O'Connor, the Judge of the Supreme Court, since his study had conducted trials before the aforementioned one.
After his passage through the Senate, he was an advisor to the UCR on economic matters. As of 2008, he collaborated with Vice President Julio Cobos in the reorganization of the Mendoza party. He abandoned most of his political work in 2010, after a stress spike landed him a lengthy visit to the hospital.
Baglini died on 3 January 2021, aged 71.

## Theorem

In a parliamentary debate prior to the 1989 elections, Baglini argued that politicians become more cautious in proposals the closer they are to power. Based on this concept, journalist Horacio Verbitsky coined this statement Baglini's Theorem. The term quickly became popular in political circles.
# 2018 in Namibia

Events in the year 2018 in Namibia.

## Incumbents

* President: Hage Geingob
* Vice President: Nickey Iyambo (until 12 February); Nangolo Mbumba (from 12 February)
* Prime Minister: Saara Kuugongelwa
* Deputy-Prime Minister: Netumbo Nandi-Ndaitwah
* Chief Justice: Peter Shivute

## Events

* 12 February – Nangolo Mbumba takes over as Vice President, succeeding Nickey Iyambo

## Deaths

* 15 January – Rosalia Nghidinwa, politician (b. 1952).
* 13 March – Nora Schimming-Chase, politician and diplomat (b. 1940)
* 14 July – Theo-Ben Gurirab, politician (b. 1938).
* 11 December – Petrus Iilonga, politician and political prisoner, Deputy Minister of Defence (born 1947).
# Øreting

Øreting (Øretinget, Øyrating; Old Norse: Eyraþing), was a Thing in Trøndelag, Norway. Øreting was located at Øra, where the river Nidelva mouths into the Trondheimsfjord in the modern city of Trondheim.
Things were representative assemblies at which delegates from the various districts in each region met to award legal judgments and pass laws. Øreting was a common assembly for eight provinces in Trøndelag, and developed into an assembly where the King of Norway was proclaimed. Hailing of a new king, (Norwegian: Hylling), was an ancient Norse custom. Snorri Sturluson mentions in his sagas that Harald Fairhair, the first King of Norway, was hailed at the Øreting assembly. His son Haakon the Good was hailed King of the realm at the assembly in 935.
# Baron Bedlam

Baron Bedlam (Baron Frederick DeLamb) is a supervillain appearing in American comic books published by DC Comics. The character first appeared in Batman and the Outsiders #1 (August 1983).

## Fictional character biography

Frederick DeLamb is the son of a Markovian government official who acted as a puppet ruler by the Nazis during World War II and was killed by a mob.
Years later, Frederick, taking the name Baron Bedlam, kills Markovian king Viktor and seizes the throne. Prince Brion Markov works with Helga Jace to give himself superpowers and battle Bedlam. Bedlam is seemingly killed, but returns to face the Outsiders on multiple occasions.

## Powers and abilities

Baron Bedlam is a skilled fighter and tactician, and possesses vast financial resources. He temporarily possessed earth-manipulating abilities similar to Geo-Force, but lost them due to not being Markovian royalty.

## In other media

Baron Bedlam appears in Young Justice: Outsiders, voiced by Nolan North. This version is the brother of Markovia's queen and the uncle of Princes Gregor and Brion Markov who runs a secret metahuman trafficking syndicate and is a metahuman with a durable stone-like body. He hires Jaculi to murder Markovia's royal family, but is defeated and killed by Brion.
# National University of Central Buenos Aires

The National University of Central Buenos Aires (UNICEN; Spanish: Universidad Nacional del Centro de Buenos Aires) is a public institution of higher learning located in Tandil, a city in the central region of Buenos Aires Province, Argentina. It was founded in 1974 as part of University of Buenos Aires Professor Alberto Taquini's plan to geographically diversify Argentina's National University system.
Established with the unification of a private school and a campus of the National University of the South, the university includes 10 schools offering 21 undergraduate, 58 graduate, and 19 post-graduate degrees. It maintains secondary campuses in Azul, Olavarría and Quequén.
In 2022, the British specialized company Quacquarelli Symonds ranked UNICEN at 7th place in Argentina, 601st overall across the world.
# Oropioi

Oropioi (Greek: Δήμος Ωρωπίων) is a former municipality in East Attica, Greece. Population 9,296 (2021). The seat of the municipality was in the town Skala Oropou. Since the 2011 local government reform it is part of the municipality Oropos, of which it is a municipal unit. The municipal unit has an area of 32.890 km$^2$. The municipality Oropioi consisted of the municipal districts (now communities) Oropos, Nea Palatia and Skala Oropou. In 2014 the new community Chalkoutsi was created from part of Skala Oropou.
# Paul Eberhard

Paul Hans Eberhard (30 October 1917 – 4 September 1983) was a Swiss bobsledder who competed in the late 1940s. He won the silver medal in the two-man event at the 1948 Winter Olympics in St. Moritz. He was born in Bülach and died in Küsnacht.
# Yevdokiya Mekshilo

Yevdokiya Panteleyevna Mekshilo (Russian: Евдокия Пантелеевна Мекшило) (23 March 1931 – 16 January 2013) was a female Soviet cross-country skier who competed in the 1960s for Armed Forces sports society. At the 1964 Winter Olympics, she won a gold in the 3 × 5 km relay and a silver in the 10 km event. She was born in Gorno-Altaysk.
# Darah Serah Bavineh

Darah Serah Bavineh (Persian: دارسره باوينه, also Romanized as Dārah Serah Bāvīneh; also known as Dārah Serah) is a village in Darb-e Gonbad Rural District, Darb-e Gonbad District, Kuhdasht County, Lorestan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 136, in 29 families.
# Gechu

Gechū (牙虫; active 18th century) was a Japanese sculptor. His dates of birth and death are not known.

## Biography

Little is known about Gechū's life, he is primarily known through his works, in particular netsuke. He was an Osaka School style artist, and is known to have sculpted in ivory. It was originally believed he lived in Osaka though recently it has been suggested that he may have been at home in Satsuma Province on Kyushu.
His most celebrated netsuke, upon which many attributions to Gechū are based, an ivory of a shaggy dog and pup, was sold at the last auction of the M. T. Hindson collection on 23 June 1969. This supreme masterpiece of the art form was the favourite netsuke of the pianist Julius Katchen and he was determined to purchase it for his collection. He died a few months before the sale and his widow, Arlette, is said to have bid for and bought it in his memory. When sold at Bonhams in 2016, the work achieved the second highest price ever for a netsuke at auction.
Of this work, Frederick Meinertzhagen remarks in his Card Index,
   Curious and grotesque figure of a Bitch with stylised treatment of the hair, sitting up and playing with her pup. The eyes of both gilt. The "himotoshi" openings on the animals' left side. Signed under the left leg Gechu. An outstandingly fine netsuke dating from well back in the 18th century, showing all the character, power and free treatment of the period. A somewhat comparable figure of a bitch and pup signed Garaku is in the V. and A. Museum and it maybe that there is significance in the fact that the first character Ge lacks a stroke, can be read as ge or ga
Two netsuke attributed to Gechū are kept in the Los Angeles County Museum of Art.
# Okunino

Okunino (German: Wocknin, Kashubian: Òkònino) is a village in Gmina Miastko, Bytów County, Pomeranian Voivodeship, in northern Poland. It lies approximately 22 kilometres (14 mi) south-west of Bytów and 71 km (44 mi) south-west of Gdańsk (capital city of the Pomeranian Voivodeship).
From 1975 to 1998 the village was in Słupsk Voivodeship.
# Kausland Church

Kausland Church (Norwegian: Kausland kyrkje) is a parish church of the Church of Norway in Øygarden Municipality in Vestland county, Norway. It is located in the village of Kausland, on the southern part of the island of Sotra. It is one of the two churches in the Sund parish which is part of the Vesthordland prosti (deanery) in the Diocese of Bjørgvin. The white, wooden church was built in a long church design in 1881 using plans drawn up by the architect Conrad Fredrik von der Lippe. The church seats about 385 people.

## History

When a new Sund Church was built in the 1870s, the question of building a chapel in Kausland arose. The people of that area had a long journey to get to the church in Sund, so in 1877, the parish agreed to build an annex chapel in Kausland for the western part of the parish. Drawings were prepared by architect Conrad Fredrik von der Lippe and Askild Aase was hired as the lead builder. Construction of the new chapel took place in 1881. The building consisted of a nave and a smaller, narrower chancel on the east end. There was a small sacristy extension on the east end of the chancel. On the west end of the nave was a tower. The steeple on top of the tower dates back to 1674. It originally sat on top of the old Sund Church, which was torn down in 1878 in order to build a new church there. The steeple was saved and moved to Kausland during the construction of this chapel in 1881. The new chapel was consecrated on 24 August 1881. In 1957, the municipal council decided to expand the chapel and upgrade it to the status of a church. The renovation and expansion took place according to plans prepared by architect Ole Halvorsen. The project enlarged the nave by adding a one-story addition surrounding the nave. A sacristy was built on the north and the south side of the original chancel and the old sacristy on the east end was incorporated into the chancel. The remodeling was completed in 1963.
# House of Abdus Salam

The House of Abdus Salam (Urdu: عبدالسلام کا گھر) is a Pakistani national monument. It housed Pakistani Professor Abdus Salam, a theoretical physicist who became the first Muslim and Pakistani to be awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1979.

## Location

The monument is located in Jhang, Punjab, Pakistan.

## Protection

After the Pakistani 18th Constitutional Amendment, most of the archaeological sites and national monuments were devolved to the provinces. The monuments transferred to the Punjab Archaeology Department included Abdus Salam's house, and funding and conservation initiatives were taken by the archaeology department.
# Rubystar Airways

Rubystar Airways (Belarusian: РубіСтар) is a Belarusian cargo airline headquartered in Minsk and based at Minsk National Airport.

## History

Rubystar was created in 2000 as an air freight sales agency. The airline has been fully licensed as an air carrier since 2002 by the State Aviation Committee of Belarus.
On August 9, 2024, the company and its director were added to the US Specially Designated Nationals and Blocked Persons List.

## Fleet

As of March 2024, Rubystar Airways operates the following cargo aircraft:
* 5 Antonov An-12BP
* 2 Ilyushin Il-76TD
* 1 Boeing 747-400(BDSF)
# Edwin Markham (British Army officer)

Lieutenant-General Sir Edwin Markham KCB (28 March 1833 – 1 April 1918) was a British Army officer who became Lieutenant Governor of Jersey in 1892.

## Early life

Markham was born in Aberford, Yorkshire on 28 March 1833, the son of Colonel William Markham and Lucy Anne Markham.

## Military career

Markham was educated at the Royal Military Academy, Woolwich. He passed out and commissioned into the Royal Artillery in 1850 Markham served in the Crimean War. Markham served the Eastern campaign of 1854, and up to January 1855, including the affair of M'Kenzie's Farm, the Battle of Alma and the Battle of Inkerman, the Siege of Sevastopol and repulse of the Russian sortie on 26 October 1854 (he was awarded the medal with three clasps, appointed a Knight of the Legion of Honor and awarded the Turkish Medal). In 1855, he took command of the 2nd Division in the Crimea. He served in India in 1858, and was present at the action of Secundra on 23 January 1858 (he was awarded the medal). He was appointed Lieutenant Governor of Jersey in 1892 and went on to be Director General of Ordnance in 1896 before being made Governor and Commandant of the Royal Military College, Sandhurst in 1898. He retired from the army in March 1900, but continued in command at Sandhurst for another two years, until he became incapacitated in July 1902.

## Family

On 8 February 1877 at Woolwich he married Emily Evelyn Lucy Stopford (1854-1919). They had two sons and a daughter (Muriel Markham, Montagu Wilfred Markham and Edwyn Guy Markham). Markham died on 1 April 1918 in Brighton, Sussex, aged 85.