OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Bova, Calabria

Bova (Calabrian Greek: Χώρα του Βούα, romanized: Chòra tu Vùa; Calabrian: Vùa; Ancient Greek: ὁ Βούας, romanized: ó Boúas) is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Reggio Calabria in the Italian region Calabria, located about 120 kilometres (75 mi) southwest of Catanzaro and about 25 kilometres (16 mi) southeast of Reggio. It is one of the Greek-Bovesian speaking villages of Bovesia, one of the two Griko-speaking areas of southern Italy. It is one of I Borghi più belli d'Italia ("The most beautiful villages of Italy").

## History

Archaeological findings have attested human presence in the area to as early as the Neolithic age; in the pre-Roman age, the area was inhabited by the Ausones. Greek colonists founded a city (known as Delia or Deri) in what is now the borough of San Pasquale. This city followed the events of the wars between the major Greek centres in the area, Reggio, Locri and Syracuse, and was later subjected by the latter. After the Roman conquest, it became a town with citizenship rights.
In 440 Delia was ravaged by the Vandals. The unceasing attacks from sea pushed most of the towns in the area to resettle in safer locations far from the coast. The inhabitants from Delia founded the current Bova on a slope of the Aspromonte, at some 900 metres (3,000 ft) in elevation. This did not prevent the Saracens from attacking the town repeatedly and, in 953, from sacking it. Many of its inhabitants were deported, by order of the Sicilian Muslim emir Hassan al-Kalbi, as slaves to Africa. The Arabs besieged Bova again in 1075.
Under the Normans (11th century) Bova became an ecclesiastical fief under the Archbishop of Reggio, who held it until the abolition of feudalism in 1806. In the 16th century Bova's territory received numerous coastal watchtowers as defense against African pirates.
In World War II the town was heavily bombed by the Allies in 1943.
# Rudolf Henning

Rudolf Henning (30 May 1852 – 7 October 1930) was a German philologist who specialized in Germanic studies.

## Biography

Rudolf Henning was born in Kirchdorf, Germany on 30 May 1852. Since 1870, Henning studied classical and German philology at the universities of Bonn, Vienna and Strasbourg. At Strasbourg, Henning studied English philology under Bernhard Egidius Konrad ten Brink. Henning received his Ph.D. in German philology at Strasbourg in 1874 under the supervision of Wilhelm Scherer.
Henning habilitated at the University of Berlin in 1877 under the supervision of Karl Müllenhoff and Julius Zupitza with a thesis on the Nibelungenlied. He subsequently lectured on German philology at the University of Berlin from 1877 to 1881. From 1881 to 1895, Henning was Professor of Modern German Literature at the University of Strasbourg, succeeding Erich Schmidt. From 1895 to 1918, Henning was Chair of German Philology and Director of the German Department at the University of Strasbourg. He served as Dean of the Faculty for Philosophy at the University of Strasbourg from 1898 to 1899 and 1907 to 1908.
Henning specialized in Germanic philology. His subject areas included Medieval German literature, modern German literature, early Germanic literature (including Old Norse and Gothic literature, and Germanic religion. He contributed much to the study of the ancient culture of Germanic peoples.
Henning was fired from the University of Strasbourg after the French annexation of Alsace-Lorraine. He subsequently lectured at the University of Heidelberg. He died in Heidelberg on 7 October 1930. Henning was married to Adele, a daughter of Rudolf Virchow.

## Selected works

* Das deutsche Haus in seiner historischen Entwicklung (Straßburg/London, K. Trübner, 1882)
* Nibelungenstudien (Straßburg/London, K. Trübner, 1883)
* Die deutschen Haustypen. Nachträgliche Bemerkungen (Straßburg/London, K. Trübner, 1886)
* Die deutschen Runendenkmäler (Straßburg, K. Trübner, 1889)
* Untersuchungen zur deutschen Sprachgeschichte Bde. 1–5 (Hersg.) (1908–1914)
* Der Helm von Baldenheim und die verwandten Helme des frühen Mittelalters (Straßburg, K. Trübner, 1907)
* Denkmäler der Elsässischen Altertums-Sammlung zu Strassburg in Elsas. Von der neolithischen bis zur karolingischen Zeit (Straßburg, K. Trübner, 1912)
* Wettu Irmingot und das Hildebrandslied (ZfdA 58 (1921) S. 141–151)

## Sources

* Christoph König (Hrsg.), unter Mitarbeit von Birgit Wägenbaur u. a.: Internationales Germanistenlexikon 1800–1950. Band 2: H–Q. De Gruyter, Berlin/New York 2003, ISBN 3-11-015485-4, S. 720–721 (, p. 720, at Google Books).
* This article on a German linguist is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
# Mehmet Dursun

Mehmet Dursun (born 16 July 1928) is a Turkish former sports shooter. He competed at the 1968, 1972 and 1976 Summer Olympics.
# Saint-Michel-de-Lanès

Saint-Michel-de-Lanès (French pronunciation: ; Occitan: Sant Miquèl) is a commune in the Aude department in southern France.
# Valery Dudin

Valery Dudin (born 20 August 1963) was a Soviet luger who competed during the 1980s. He earned the bronze medal in the men's singles event at the 1984 Winter Olympics in Sarajevo. He also competed at the 1988 Winter Olympics.
# Roman Catholic Diocese of Saitama

35°51′40″N 139°38′39″E﻿ / ﻿35.8611°N 139.6442°E﻿ / 35.8611; 139.6442
The Roman Catholic Diocese of Saitama (Latin: Dioecesis Saitamaensis, Japanese: カトリックさいたま教区) is a Latin Church diocese of the Catholic Church located in the city of Saitama in the ecclesiastical province of Tokyo in Japan.

## History

* January 4, 1939: Established as Apostolic Prefecture of Urawa from the Diocese of Yokohama
* December 16, 1957: Promoted as Diocese of Urawa
* March 31, 2003: Renamed as Diocese of Saitama
* June 2, 2018: Appointment of Rev. Don Mario Michiaki Yamanouchi, SDB

## Leadership

* Bishops of Saitama (Roman rite)
** Bishop Mario Michiaki Yamanouchi, SDB (マリオ山野内倫) (2018.06.02 – present)
** Bishop Marcellino Taiji Tani (マルセリーノ谷大二) (2000.05.10 -Resigned 2013.07.27)
* Bishops of Urawa (Roman rite)
** Archbishop Peter Takeo Okada (ペトロ岡田武夫) (1991.04.15 – 2000.02.17)
** Archbishop Francis Xavier Kaname Shimamoto (フランシスコ・ザビエル島本要), Ist. del Prado (1979.12.20 – 1990.02.08)
** Bishop Laurentius Satoshi Nagae (ラウレンチオ長江 恵) (1957.12.24 – 1979.12.20)
* Prefects Apostolic of Urawa (Roman rite)
** Fr. Paul Sakuzo Uchino (パウロ内野作蔵) (1945.12.13 – 1957)
** Fr. Ambroise Leblanc (アンブローズ・ルブラン), OFM (1939 – 1940)
# Civrac-sur-Dordogne

Civrac-sur-Dordogne (French pronunciation:, literally Civrac on Dordogne; Occitan: Sivrac de Dordonha, before 1991: Civrac-de-Dordogne) is a commune in the Gironde department in Nouvelle-Aquitaine in southwestern France.
# Jetřichov

Jetřichov (German: Dittersbach) is a municipality and village in Náchod District in the Hradec Králové Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 400 inhabitants.
# 1867 in New Zealand

"none" is preferred when the title is sufficiently descriptive
The following lists events that happened during 1867 in New Zealand.

## Incumbents
### Regal and viceregal

* Head of State — Queen Victoria
* Governor — Sir George Grey

### Government and law

The 4th Parliament continues.
* Speaker of the House — Sir David Monro
* Premier — Edward Stafford
* Minister of Finance — William Fitzherbert
* Chief Justice — Hon Sir George Arney
The number of seats in the House of Representatives is increased to 74 with the creation of four Māori seats, and male Māori are given the right to vote. The Legislative Council now has 36 seats.

### Main centre leaders

* Mayor of Dunedin — William Mason followed by John Hyde Harris

## Events

* 5 February: Opening of New Zealand's third railway line: 27 km connecting Invercargill and Bluff.
* 20 May: Alexandra is proclaimed a borough.
* 3 June: The Evening Herald is founded in Wanganui. Around the turn of the 20th century, it changed its name to The Wanganui Herald, and continued to publish until 1986.
* 11 September: The New Zealand Advertiser, first published in 1859, produces a final issue and is absorbed into the New Zealand Times. It is revived for six months in 1868.

### Undated

* Arrowtown is proclaimed a borough.
* Coromandel Gold Rush (1867–68)
* Major Charles Heaphy is awarded the Victoria Cross. He is the first soldier from any colony to be so decorated.
* While Henry Jenner is fundraising in England for his new diocese there are increasing concerns over his appointment among the New Zealand clergy and the citizens of Dunedin.

## Sport
### Horse racing

A Wellington Cup is held in Wellington. This is no relation to the annual race held from 1874. Racing had only recently been moved from the beaches to Hutt Park in Lower Hutt and Burnham Water in Miramar.

#### Major race winners

* New Zealand Cup winner: Magenta
* New Zealand Derby winner: Scandal

### Rowing

The Star Boating Club is formed in Wellington.(other sources state 1867)

### Shooting

Ballinger Belt: Sergeant Chisholm (Otago)

## Births

* 30 April: Douglas Lysnar, politician.
* 19 May: Frank Moore, political activist.
* (unknown date) John Charles Thomson, politician.

## Deaths

* 16 July: Henry Williams, missionary.
# Shetland South (ward)

Shetland South is one of the seven wards used to elect members of the Shetland Islands Council. It elects three Councillors.

## Councillors

| Election | Councillors | Councillors | Councillors | Councillors | Councillors | Councillors |
| 2007 | | Alison Duncan | | Jim Budge | | Rick Nickerson |
| 2012 | George Smith | Alison Duncan | Billy Fox |
| 2017 | George Smith | Alison Duncan | | Robbie McGregor |
| 2022 | Bryan Peterson | Alison Duncan | | Robbie McGregor | Alex Armitage (Greens) |

## Election results
### 2022 election

Shetland South - 4 seats :
| Party | Party | Candidate | FPv% | Count | Count | Count | Count |
| Party | Party | Candidate | FPv% | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 |
| | Independent | Allison Duncan (incumbent) | 42.7 | 805 | | | |
| | Independent | Bryan Peterson | 27.1 | 500 | | | |
| | Scottish Green | Alex Armitage | 14.8 | 274 | 325 | 360 | 405 |
| | SNP | Robbie McGregor (incumbent) | 11.8 | 217 | 326 | 364 | 401 |
| | Independent | Stewart Douglas | 2.5 | 46 | 169 | 197 | |
| Electorate: 3,348 Valid: 1,842 Spoilt: 14 Quota: 369 Turnout: 55.4% ||||||||
Source:

### 2017 election

2017 Shetland Islands Council election
Shetland South - 3 seats :
| Party | Party | Candidate | FPv% | Count |
| Party | Party | Candidate | FPv% | 1 |
| | Independent | Allison Duncan (incumbent) | uncontested | uncontested |
| | SNP | Robbie McGregor | uncontested | uncontested |
| | Independent | George Smith (incumbent) | uncontested | uncontested |
| Quota: ||||

### 2012 election

2012 Shetland Islands Council election
Shetland South - 3 seats :
| Party | Party | Candidate | FPv% | Count | Count |
| Party | Party | Candidate | FPv% | 1 | 2 |
| | Independent | Alison Duncan (incumbent) | 45.15 | 685 | |
| | Independent | George Smith | 27.55 | 418 | |
| | Independent | Billy Fox | 22.21 | 337 | 498.8 |
| | Scottish Christian | Andrew Shearer | 4.48 | 68 | 110.6 |
| Electorate: 2,679 Valid: 1,508 Spoilt: 9 Quota: 378 Turnout: 1,517 (56.63%) ||||||

### 2007 election

2007 Shetland Islands Council election
Shetland Islands council election, 2007: Shetland South :
| Party | Candidate | 1st Pref | % | Seat | Count |
| Independent | Alison Duncan | 501 | 31.6 | 1 | 1 |
| Independent | Jim Budge | 350 | 22.1 | 2 | 4 |
| Independent | Rick Nickerson | 286 | 18.0 | 3 | 4 |
| Liberal Democrats | Gordon Mitchell | 225 | 14.2 | | |
| Independent | John Hunter | 148 | 9.3 | | |
| Liberal Democrats | James Friedlander | 75 | 4.5 | | |
# George I. Ruddell

Colonel George Inkerman Ruddell (21 January 1919 – 27 February 2015) was a United States Air Force officer who served in World War II, the Korean War where he achieved Flying ace status and in the Vietnam War.

## Military career

He joined the United States Army Air Force in 1941 and during World War II he served in the 514th Fighter-Bomber Squadron and shot down one enemy aircraft.
In 1948, he was part of an exchange program with the United States Navy on the USS Leyte and flew the F8F Bearcat making 45 carrier landings.
During the Korean War he commanded the 39th Fighter-Interceptor Squadron based at Suwon Air Base. His usual F-86 Sabre was marked as “Mig Mad Mavis”. In late 1952 Ruddell allowed United States Marine Corps aviator John F. Bolt to join the 39th as an exchange pilot, Bolt became the only Marine Corps ace of the war. On 18 May 1953 he became an ace shooting down his fifth MiG-15. He shot down a total of eight MiG-15s during the war.
He commanded the 4th Fighter Wing from 4 May 1955 to 22 August 1956.
He commanded the 479th Tactical Fighter Wing from 1 August 1959 to 19 June 1961.
In 1963 during the early stages of the Vietnam War he served as deputy to the Military Assistance Command Vietnam J-3 (Operations) advising on the expansion of the Republic of Vietnam Air Force.
He commanded the 33rd Tactical Fighter Wing from 1 October 1965 to 29 August 1966.

## Later life

Ruddell died on 27 February 2015.
# Hrovača

Hrovača (pronounced; German: Krobatsch) is a settlement immediately to the southeast of the town of Ribnica in southern Slovenia. It lies just south of the town of Ribnica. The area is part of the traditional region of Lower Carniola and is now included in the Southeast Slovenia Statistical Region.

## Name

The name Hrovača is derived from the word Hrvat 'Croat'. Like similar names (e.g., Hrvatini and Hrobači, a hamlet of Dobravlje), it originally referred to medieval Croatian resettlement from the south connected with Ottoman occupation of the central Balkans. In the past the German name was Krobatsch.

## Mass grave

Hrovača is the site of a mass grave associated with the Second World War. The Bašelj Shaft 2 Mass Grave (Slovene: Grobišče Brezno na Bašlju 2) is located in the woods northeast of Hrovača, about 2 kilometers (1.2 mi) south of Podtabor, on the north slope of Chicken Hill (Kurji grič). Spelunkers have reported human remains at the site.

## Church

The local church, built next to the cemetery on the southern outskirts of the settlement, is dedicated to the Holy Trinity (Slovene: sveta Trojica) and belongs to the parish of Ribnica. It was built in 1909 on the site of a 16th-century church originally dedicated to Saint James.
# Speckled catshark

The speckled catshark (Halaelurus boesemani) is a species of shark belonging to the family Pentanchidae, the deepwater catsharks. It is found in the Gulf of Aden and off the coast of Somalia. It occurs at depths of between 37 and 250 m (120 and 820 ft). Its length is up to 48 cm.

## Taxonomy

In the past, this species was thought to occur both in the western Indian Ocean and in the waters around Vietnam, the Philippines, Indonesia, and Western Australia, between latitudes 21° N and 26° S. However, two new species of Halaelurus have been described from these latter areas, and the speckled catshark is now thought to be restricted to the western Indian Ocean.

## Description

The speckled catshark grows to a maximum length of about 48 cm (19 in). It has a pointed snout, small mouth and raised gill slits. The front of the first dorsal fin is situated above the hind third of the pelvic fin, while the front of the second dorsal fin, which is about the same size as the first, is situated above the hind third of the anal fin. The back and the base of the tail have about eight irregular, dark saddle-shaped markings, and there are dark blotches on the dorsal and caudal fins and many small dark spots on the back, flanks and fins.

## Distribution and habitat

The speckled catshark is known from the Gulf of Aden, and off the coast of Somalia, with a separate population extending from Viet Nam and the Philippines, through Indonesia to Western Australia. It is a demersal species, living on continental shelves and insular shelves, with a depth range of between 37 and 250 m (120 and 820 ft).

## Ecology

The reproduction of this species of shark has been little studied. Four eggcases have been found inside the oviduct of a female but it is unclear whether the eggs hatch internally, or the cases are deposited onto the seabed and the eggs develop there. The length of the juvenile at birth/hatching is 7 cm (2.8 in) or more.

## Status

The speckled catshark is poorly researched and the threats it faces are unclear. Fisheries in Somalia are largely unregulated, with foreign-owned vessels fishing illegally. Artisanal fisheries are unlikely to target this species because of its small size, nevertheless it is vulnerable to being caught as bycatch in both trawling and netting operations. The International Union for Conservation of Nature considers that there is insufficient evidence to understand the conservation needs of this fish and have classified it as "vulnerable".
# Nicetas of Medikion

Saint Nicetas of Medikion (Greek: Νικήτας Μηδικίου) or Nicetas the Confessor (Νικήτας ο ομολογητής), who is commemorated on 3 April, was a monk who opposed Byzantine Iconoclasm.

## Life

Nicetas was born in Bithynian Caesarea of a pious family. His mother died eight days after his birth, and his father Philaretos became a monk. The child was raised by his grandmother. From his youth Nicetas attended church and was a disciple of the hermit Stephen.
At a relatively young age Nicetas joined the Medikion monastery (μονή Μηδικίου) where Nicephorus was the hegoumenos (similar to abbot). In 790, After seven years at the monastery, Nicetas was ordained presbyter. When Nicephorus became ill, he entrusted to Nicetas the guidance of the monastery, and when Nicephorus died, Nicetas was chosen hegoumenos by the monks. His piety drew many others to join and follow him at the monastery.
Twice he was imprisoned for taking stands against the heresy of iconoclasm. According to the Russian and Serbian “Synaxars”, his courageous opposition to the iconoclasts resulted in his exile, at the beginning of the 9th century, during the reign of Leo V the Armenian in Byzantium. Upon the death of the Emperor Leo, Nicetas was released, but rather than return to Medikion retreating to an austere life in a monastery near Constantinople, where he died in 824. His remains were brought back to the monastery of Medikion.
Several medieval lives of Nicetas exist. The most important of these is the life by Theosterictus, who states that he was a disciple of Nicetas.
In his Canon, written by the Constantinopolitan hieromonk, Saint Joseph the Hymnographer, the life led by Saint Nicetas was described as ascetic, God–pleasing, and full of charity. He is mentioned as a wonderworker, with the gift of healing.
References to St. Nicetas have been found in old manuscripts originating from the Greek Orthodox Patriarchate of Jerusalem, and in menaia from the Orthodox Patriarchates of Serbia and Russia. A church, first constructed in the 18th century, was dedicated to him on the Greek island of Lefkas.
# That's No Way to Land a Man

That's No Way to Land a Man (German: So angelt man keinen Mann) is a 1959 West German comedy film directed by Hans Deppe and starring Grethe Weiser, Karin Dor and Karin Baal. It was shot at the Göttingen Studios. The film's sets were designed by the art director Willi Herrmann.

## Cast

* Grethe Weiser as Elsbeth Müller
* Karin Dor as Tessy
* Karin Baal as Monika
* Sabine Eggerth as Angela
* Erik Schumann as Stefan Reimer
* Peter Vogel as Fritz Becker
* Bruno Fritz as Wilhelm Böckelmann
* Erica Beer as Vera Reinhardt
* Walter Giller as Anton Scheufele
* Fritz Rémond Jr. as Opernsänger Müller
* Walter Ambrock as Günther Arnold
* Michael Verhoeven as Horst Burkhardt
* Ruth Nimbach as Fräulein Stenzel
* Willi Rose as Trainer
* Carlos Miranda as Sänger
* Ivo Carraro as Sänger
# Castelu

Castelu is a commune in Constanța County, Northern Dobruja, Romania.
The commune includes two villages:
* Castelu (historical name: Chiostel, Turkish: Köstel)
* Nisipari (historical name: Caratai, Turkish: Karatay, German: Karatai)
Castelu is located in the central part of the county, along the Danube–Black Sea Canal.

## Demographics

At the 2011 census, Castelu had 3,453 Romanians (77.08%), 340 Roma (7.59%), 509 Turks (11.36%), 165 Tatars (3.68%), 6 Aromanians (0.13%), 7 others (0.16%).

## Gallery

* Scythian bowl, 5th century BC, found at Castelu. In display at the Museum of National History in Constanța
# Lined catshark

The lined catshark or banded catshark (Halaelurus lineatus) is a species of shark belonging to the family Pentanchidae, the deepwater catsharks. It is found in the waters off the coasts of Beira, Mozambique, to East London, and South Africa between latitudes 19°S and 31°S, from the surface to 290 m. It can grow up to 56 cm in length.
# Soues, Hautes-Pyrénées

Soues (French pronunciation:; Occitan: Soas) is a commune in the Hautes-Pyrénées department in south-western France.
# Bolesław II, Duke of Cieszyn

Bolesław II of Cieszyn (Polish: Bolesław II cieszyński, Czech: Boleslav II. (Těšín), German: Boleslaus II. (Teschen); c. 1425/28 – 4 October 1452), was a Duke of Cieszyn since 1431 (until 1442 with his brothers as co-rulers), ruler over half of Bielsko and Frysztat (from 1442), and during 1452 sole ruler over one half of Bytom.
He was the fourth and youngest son of Duke Bolesław I of Cieszyn by his second wife Euphemia, daughter of Duke Siemowit IV of Masovia.

## Life

After the death of his father in 1431, Bolesław II ruled over the duchy together with his brothers as co-rulers, but under the tutelage of their mother. After the division of the duchy on 29 November 1442, he still held the title of Duke of Cieszyn, but in practice ruled only over 16 towns and villages in Cieszyn; the most important of them was Frysztat, which was obtained by Bolesław II only after his mother's death in 1447 and shortly after, received broader city rights by Bolesław II. He left most of the control over the duchy to his brother Przemyslaus II.
Just like his brothers and father, also Bolesław II tried to be active in the international politics. Unlike his brother Władysław, who was allied with Bohemia, Bolesław II maintained close ties mainly with the Kingdom of Poland. In 1443 he supported Poland in his conflicts with Hungary, and in 1449 he was appointed judge in the disputes between King Casimir IV and the Bohemian nobility. However, Bolesław II's good relations with Poland didn't prevent the sale of the Duchy of Siewierz to Zbigniew Oleśnicki, Bishop of Kraków, which resulted in a war at Upper Silesia, who lasted until February 1447.
Bolesław II sought to obtain independent sovereignty, and therefore in 1452 he swapped with his brother Wenceslaus I the district of Bielsko for one half of Bytom, where he planned to settle. But his plans ended with his sudden death on 4 October 1452.

## Marriage and issue

On 28 January 1448 Bolesław II married with Anna (d. aft. 12 February 1490), daughter of Ivan Vladimirovich, Prince of Bielsk (in turn grandson of Algirdas, Grand Duke of Lithuania) by his wife Vasilisa of Halshany (sister of Sophia, fourth and last wife of King Władysław II Jagiełło). The union had the approval of Anna's cousin, King Casimir IV, who give to the newlyweds a magnificent wedding gift: 2,000 florins. They had three children:
* Casimir II (b. ca. 1449 – d. 13 December 1528).
* Sophia (b. ca. 1450/52 – d. 1479), married in 1474 to Victor of Poděbrady, Duke of Münsterberg and Opava.
* Barbara (b. ca. 1452/53 – d. bef. 12 May 1507), married firstly on 11 September 1468 to Duke Balthasar of Żagań and secondly by 18 May 1477 to Duke Jan V of Zator.
After the death of her husband, Anna cared about their son and daughters, and resided mainly in Frysztat.

## Ancestry

Ancestors of Bolesław II, Duke of Cieszyn :

## Footnotes

* ↑ Genealogy of the House of Cieszyn