OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Book censorship in India

Book censorship in India has existed at least since the British period, and several books remain banned by the central and state governments.
Books criticizing major religions of India, as well as books supposedly portraying national figures including Gandhi and Nehru in a bad light continue to remain banned.

## History
### Post Independence

During the 1960s, following the Sino-Indian war, Chinese books and magazines were banned. After protests by Muslims and a petition by Syed Shahabuddin to the Rajiv Gandhi government, The Satanic Verses was banned in 1988, with India becoming the first country to ban the book.

## Topics
### Religious

Many books in India are or were banned for disagreeing with Islam and Hinduism's teachings.

### Political

Many books in India were banned for criticizing India and its government or political systems.

### Historical

Books were banned for criticizing Gandhi and other important Indian historical figures.

### Obscenity

The Scented Garden: Anthropology of the Sex Life in the Levant was banned due to sexually explicit content.
# Léoncel

Léoncel (French pronunciation:; Occitan: Lioncèl) is a commune in the Drôme department in southeastern France.
# Federation of Fighting Youth

The Federation of Fighting Youth (Polish: Federacja Młodzieży Walczącej, also called FMW) was a radical anticommunist organization of Polish youth, existing in the mid and late 1980s. It was founded in June 1984 in Warsaw's district of Grochów by a group of high school students.
In September 1984, a "Riot" (Bunt) underground publication informed about creation of the Federation, it also featured an appeal to Polish youth. The Federation's activists published their own magazine, called Information Service of the FMW (Serwis Informacyjny FMW). It was printed in the format of a samizdat, in the period November 1984 - May 1985. In October 1984, high school students in Gdańsk founded their own branch of the Federation, and began publishing their own biweekly Monit.
In October 1985, a group of activists of the FMW decided to create the so-called Activity Groups (Grupy Wykonawcze), which began to actively fight the Communist system, by painting slogans on walls, distributing leaflets, and persecuting members of Communist apparatus of repression. The FMW gathered not only high school students, but also college students, as well as laborers. At the beginning of 1985, the Federation got its own printing press, and quickly established itself in numerous Polish towns and cities. Altogether, it had around 1,000 members, and was regarded as an open platform for those who wished for a free and democratic Poland. The FMW organized underground lectures, and distributed underground press among Polish youth. It collected money for incarcerated members of opposition, also helped families whose members were in prisons. It closely cooperated with such organizations, as Independent Students Union, Solidarity, Fighting Solidarity, and Solidarity Citizens' Committee. In the 1980s, the FMW was under surveillance of the Communist secret services. Among its major centers were Kraków, Gdansk, Warsaw, and Lodz, and FMW's members were famous for their anticommunist radicalism.
The Federation ceased to exist in 1989.

## Most famous activists

* Tomasz Arabski, later director of prime minister Donald Tusk's office,
* Sławomir Cenckiewicz, now a professional historian,
* Krzysztof Kwiatkowski, later deputy minister of justice,
* Bogdan Rymanowski, now a journalist of TVN 24,

## Sources

* Artykul
# A Man Smoking and a Woman Drinking in a Courtyard

A Man Smoking and a Woman Drinking in a Courtyard (1658–1660) is an oil-on-canvas painting by the Dutch painter Pieter de Hooch. It is an example of Dutch Golden Age painting and is part of the collection of the Mauritshuis, in The Hague, Netherlands.

## Description

The painting was documented by Hofstede de Groot in 1910, who wrote:
   297. COURTYARD WITH A MAN SMOKING AND A WOMAN DRINKING. Sm. 30; de G. 56. This picture corresponds precisely to the Rothschild picture (295), except that the figure of the second man is here absent. It is an excellent work. Canvas, 30 1/2 inches by 25 1/2 inches. Mentioned by Waagen (Supplement, p. 131).
   Exhibited at the Royal Academy Winter Exhibition, London, 1871 and 1888, No. 35; at the London Guildhall, 1892; and at the Burlington Fine Arts Club, 1900.
   * Sold by Smith in 1822 (for 300).
   * In the collection of W. Wells of Redleaf in 1833 (Sm.).
   * Sale.– W. Wells, London, May 12, 1848 (.540: 155., Farrer).
   * In Lord Overstone's collection in 1857 (Waagen).
   Now [in 1908] in the collection of Lady Wantage, London, No. 108 in the 1902 catalogue.
# Diavata

Diavata (Greek: Διαβατά) is a town in Central Macedonia Greece. A community of the Delta municipality. Before the 2011 local government reform it was part of the municipality of Echedoros, of which it was a municipal district. The community of Diavata covers an area of 8.967 km$^2$ (3.462 sq mi). Many inhabitants are descendants from the Armenian majority town of Eğin in Anatolia who survived the Armenian genocide and were resettled in the 1923 population exchange between Greece and Turkey.
# German Farmers' Party

The German Farmers' Party (German: Deutsche Bauernpartei, or DBP) or German Peasants' Party was a German agrarian political party during the Weimar Republic, existing from 1928-33. It has been characterised as part of a wider attempt by the middle classes to assert their economic interests in the mid to late 1920s by founding their own, fairly narrowly based, parties, including the Christian-National Peasants' and Farmers' Party and in urban areas the Reich Party for Civil Rights and Deflation and Reich Party of the German Middle Class. The party was banned and made illegal by the ruling NSDAP in 1933.
# Su-27 Flanker (video game)

Su-27 Flanker is a combat flight simulator released for the PC (DOS and Microsoft Windows) in 1995 on CD. Developed in Russia by Eagle Dynamics and published by Strategic Simulations, Inc (SSI), the game takes place in Crimea and allows players to fly the Sukhoi Su-27 in various combat roles. The game also includes a mission editor, allowing the player to create custom gameplay scenarios.
The Windows 95 version was released first, with the DOS version being developed later.

## Version history

* Su-27 Flanker: released 1995
* Su-27 Flanker Mission Disk: released 1997
* Su-27 Flanker: Squadron Commander's Edition: released 1997, compilation that includes the main game and expansion

## Reception

Review scores :
| Publication | Score |
| Next Generation | |
| PC Games | A− |
Reviewing the Windows 95 version, a Next Generation critic summarized the game as being "designed for realism over ease of use." He noted that the notations in the cockpit are in Russian, and that the game has no introduction of any sort when it boots up, instead simply presenting a long list of files with undescriptive names, leaving the player with no idea of where to start. He concluded that serious flight sim enthusiasts should consider getting the game for its "unsurpassed" realistic modeling of the Su-27, but that anyone else would be completely lost. He scored it two out of five stars.
Su-27 Flanker was a runner-up for Computer Gaming World's 1995 "Simulation of the Year" award, which ultimately went to EF2000. The editors wrote that Su-27 Flanker features "an astonishing variety of allies and targets in the air and on the ground, as well as extremely challenging computer pilot AI."

## Sequels

* Flanker 2.0: is a direct sequel to Su-27 Flanker.
* Lock On: Modern Air Combat is a continuation of the Flanker series.
* Digital Combat Simulator includes Su-27, Su-33 and J-11 simulations descended from the Flanker and Lock On versions.
# HD 143183

HD 143183 is a red supergiant variable star of spectral type M3Ia in constellation Norma. It is a member of the Norma OB1 association, at a distance of about 2 kiloparsecs. It is one of the most luminous red supergiants with a luminosity over 250,000 times greater than the Sun (L$_☉$), and is as well one of the largest stars with a radius more than a thousand times that of the Sun (R$_☉$). Older studies frequently calculated higher luminosities and radii. It has an estimated mass loss rate of 5×10$^{−5}$ M$_☉$ per year and has been once described as a cool hypergiant. It is surrounded by a dozen early-type stars and a circumstellar nebula which extends 0.12 parsecs (0.39 ly).
HD 143183 is catalogued with the variable star designation V558 Normae as its brightness varies irregularly between apparent magnitudes 7.3 and 8.6.
It is possible that HD 143183 is a spectroscopic binary with an OB+ companion but this is considered doubtful. HD 143183 lies approximately 1' from the 10th-magnitude O-class bright giant CD-53 6363, the second-brightest star in the cluster.
# Trèves, Gard

Trèves (French pronunciation:; Occitan: Trève) is a commune in the Gard department in southern France.
# Saint-Nazaire-en-Royans

Saint-Nazaire-en-Royans (French:; Occitan: Sant Nazari de Roians) is a commune in the Drôme department in southeastern France.
# Hans Ludendorff

Friedrich Wilhelm Hans Ludendorff (Dunowo, 26 May 1873 – Potsdam, 26 June 1941) was a German astronomer and astrophysicist. He was the younger brother of General Erich Ludendorff.
After studying physics, mathematics and astronomy in Berlin, he started to work as assistant at the Hamburg observatory in 1897. The following year he changed to the Astrophysical Observatory of Potsdam, where became observator (1905) and chief observator (1915). From 1921 until his retirement in 1938 he was director of the observatory. Between 1920 and 1930 he belonged to the board of the Astronomical Society.
He authored several astronomical and astrophysical works (the first was about asteroids, following his graduation in 1896), but is better known for the Ludendorff Catalogue, that lists the most important stars in the globular cluster Messier 13, published in 1905.
In 1908 he established the binary character of the star Mizar B (period: 175.6 days), together with American astronomer Edwin Brant Frost.
He also authored several studies on the astronomy of Pre-Columbian civilizations, especially that of the Mayas.

## Articles

* Tafel zur Berechnung der Störungsfunction für die äussersten kleinen Planeten, (1896), Astronomische Nachrichten, volume 140, p. 197.
* Der grosse Sternhaufen im Herkules Messier 13, (1905), Publikationen des Astrophysikalischen Observatoriums zu Potsdam; 15. Bd, Nr. 50.
* Notiz über den spektroskopischen Doppelstern gamma Geminorum (1912), Astronomische Nachrichten, volume 192, p. 447.
* Weitere Untersuchungen über die Massen der spektroskopischen Doppelsterne, (1920), Astronomische Nachrichten, volume 211, p. 105.
* Handbuch der Astrophysik (1928).
* Zur Deutung des Dresdener Maya Kodex, Sitzungsberichten der Preussischen Ahademie der Wissenschaften, núm. 11, Berlín, 1937.
* Versammlung der Astronomischen Gesellschaft, (1939), Astronomische Nachrichten, volume 268, p. 163.
* Die Astronomischen Inschriften der Maya, (1940), Festschrift für Elis Strömgren. Astronomical Papers. Copenhagen: Einar Munksgaard, 1940., p. 143.

## Sources

* Smithsonian/NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS): 84 of his published articles (in German or English).
# Vera Lachmann

Vera Lachmann (June 23, 1904 – 1985) was a German poet, classicist and educator. After founding a school for Jewish children in Nazi Germany, she emigrated to the United States in 1939 and established Camp Catawba, a summer camp for boys.

## Early life in Germany

Lachmann was born in 1904 in Berlin, into a family of German-Jewish heritage. After attending a private school for girls, she enrolled in the Humboldt University of Berlin and the University of Basel in 1923 to study philology, language and literature. She earned a PhD from the University in Berlin in 1931, and planned to go on to teach at the university level. However, due to the bias against women in the field of tertiary education, she trained instead to teach at the Gymnasium (secondary school) level.
In 1933, shortly after Adolf Hitler assumed power in Germany, Lachmann founded a private school for children of Jewish and Jewish-Christian parents who had been expelled from public schools. The school, which was held on the property of Lachmann's relatives, was closed by Nazi officials shortly after Kristallnacht in 1938.

## Emigration to the United States

Lachmann left Germany for the United States in November 1939, assisted by friends in both countries. She worked at Vassar College's German department until 1941, and subsequently taught at Salem College for two years, Bryn Mawr College for one year, and Yale University for two years. She also held brief positions at the City College of New York and Brooklyn College. Castrum Peregrini Press published three volumes of her poetry, which were heavily influenced by Ancient Greek literature, in both German and (translated) English.
In 1944, Lachmann founded Camp Catawba, a summer camp for boys in Blowing Rock, North Carolina. She directed the camp until its closure in 1970. The camp's focus was a balance of recreation and the arts, and each year Lachmann directed the young campers in a play, some of which were by William Shakespeare. She also chose ancient Greek works by Aristophanes, Aeschylus and Sophocles; she translated Sophocles' tragedy Philoctetes herself for a camp production.
Lachmann's life partner was Tui St. George Tucker, an American composer whom Lachmann met in 1946 when Tucker began working as a music instructor at Camp Catawba.

## Death

Lachmann died in January 1985 at Saint Vincent's Catholic Medical Center in Manhattan. She was 80 years old.
# Internet exchange points in Russia

Public Internet exchange points in Russia are MSK-IX in Moscow, Eurasia Peering in Moscow, SPB-IX in Saint-Petersburg, SAMARA-IX in Samara, Ix-NN (Nizhny Novgorod), NSK-IX in Novosibirsk, and KRS-IX in Krasnoyarsk in Kazan and DataIX in Saint-Petersburg, Moscow, Novosibirsk.
The most popular of these is the MSK-IX, with over 320 members and over 140 Gbit/s steady throughput during peak hours of the weekdays.
On the territory of NSK-IX, RIPE operates a mirror of its k.root-servers.net.
# Sère-en-Lavedan

Sère-en-Lavedan (French pronunciation:, literally Sère in Lavedan; Occitan: Cèra, before 1962: Sère) is a commune in the Hautes-Pyrénées department in south-western France.
# Aleuts in Russia

Aleuts in Russia are Indigenous Aleut people who live on Bering Island, one of the islands of the Commander Islands located in the Russian administrative division of Kamchatka Krai. In 2000, the Aleuts of Bering Island were recognized by Russian government decree as a small-numbered Indigenous people. Around 300 Russian Aleuts live in the community of Nikolskoye on Bering Island, the sole populated place on the island.

## History

The Commander Islands were unpopulated when they were first visited by Russian colonizers in 1741. The Aleut population of Bering Island is descended from the Aleut people who were taken to the island by Russian colonial administrators in the early 1800s.
# Modrá

Modrá (formerly Nová Ves; German: Neudorf) is a municipality and village in Uherské Hradiště District in the Zlín Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 700 inhabitants.

## Geography

Modrá is located about 6 kilometres (4 mi) northwest of Uherské Hradiště and 22 km (14 mi) southwest of Zlín. It lies mostly in the Chřiby highlands, only the southernmost part of the municipal territory extends into the Kyjov Hills. The highest point is at 297 m (974 ft) above sea level. The built-up area lies in the valley of the brook Modřanský potok.

## History

The territory of today's municipality has been inhabited since time immemorial. Archaeological finds testify to the human presence in about 5,000 BC. The present village was part of Velehrad until 1786, when it became separate.

## Demographics

| Year | Pop. | ±% |
| 1869 | 268 | — |
| 1880 | 357 | +33.2% |
| 1890 | 385 | +7.8% |
| 1900 | 411 | +6.8% |
| 1910 | 426 | +3.6% |
| Year | Pop. | ±% |
| 1921 | 446 | +4.7% |
| 1930 | 453 | +1.6% |
| 1950 | 533 | +17.7% |
| 1961 | 656 | +23.1% |
| 1970 | 664 | +1.2% |
| Year | Pop. | ±% |
| 1980 | 701 | +5.6% |
| 1991 | 649 | −7.4% |
| 2001 | 625 | −3.7% |
| 2011 | 691 | +10.6% |
| 2021 | 680 | −1.6% |
Source: Censuses :

## Transport

There are no railways or major roads passing through the municipality.

## Sights

In Modrá is an archaeological site with excavations from the Great Moravian period. The findings are presented in Modrá Archeoskanzen, which is an archaeological open-air museum with replicas of the Great Moravia period buildings. The archaeological site, which is called Díl u Božího syna, is protected as a national cultural monument (as part of the "set of monuments of the Great Moravian residential agglomeration in Staré Město – Uherské Hradiště – Modrá").
Živá voda Modrá is an outdoor exposition of Moravian wetlands biotop, containing indoor section with underwater glass tunnel showing freshwater fish in the outdoor pond. The outside exposition has various wetlands flora native to the region. Part of the exposition is an enclosure of aurochs, originating from Milovice Nature Reserve.

## Twin towns – sister cities

Modrá is twinned with:
* Bojná, Slovakia
* Modra nad Cirochou, Slovakia
* Uhrovec, Slovakia
# National road 7 (Poland)

National road 7 (Polish: Droga krajowa nr 7, abbreviated as DK 7) is a route of the Polish national roads network running from Żukowo near Gdańsk, through Warsaw and Kraków to the border with Slovakia at Chyżne. The entire length of the road forms the Polish part of the European route E77. Between Gdańsk and Elbląg it is also a part of the European route E28.
Since the beginning of the 1990s, segments of the DK 7 are being gradually rebuilt to expressway standards and form parts of the Expressway S7. A section forming the beltway of Kraków is concurrent with the Autostrada A4 motorway.
A segment of the road from Kraków to Rabka Zdrój together with the National road 47 continuing from there to the popular tourist resort Zakopane in the Tatra mountains is commonly referred to as Zakopianka.
Prior to its modernization, the DK 7 was the most dangerous road in Poland along with DK 1. In 2007 there were 765 road accidents on DK 7, with 170 people dead and 1157 injured. The following year the accident count dropped to 696. DK7 is planned to be a four-lane road in the following years as of 2023 directly connected with the S7 Expressway.
Parts of the road are concurrent with pre-war German Reichsstraße 128 and 130.
# Saint-Martin-de-Valamas

Saint-Martin-de-Valamas (Occitan: Sant Martin de Valamàs) is a commune in the Ardèche department in southern France.
# Elizabeth Zachariadou

Elizabeth A. Zachariadou (Greek: Ελισάβετ Α. Ζαχαριάδου, 1931 – 26 December 2018) was a Greek scholar on Turkish studies, specializing in the early Ottoman Empire (ca. 1300–1600).

## Biography

In 1966, she married the Byzantinist Nikolaos Oikonomides (1934–2000), with whom she went to Canada following the 1967 coup and the establishment of the Regime of the Colonels in Greece.
After studying at the School of Oriental and African Studies at the University of London, she became professor of Turkish studies at the University of Crete from 1985 to 1998, and along with Vasilis Dimitriadis one of the co-founders of the Turkish Studies program of the Institute of Mediterranean Studies in Rethymno. In 1990, she received an honorary doctorate from the University of Ankara, and became a member of Academia Europaea in 1993.

## Works

* Το Χρονικό των Τούρκων Σουλτάνων (του βαρβερινού ελληνικού κώδικα 111) και το ιταλικό του πρότυπο ("The Chronicle of the Turkish Sultans (cod. gr. Barberini 111) and its Italian original"), Thessaloniki 1960
* Trade and Crusade, Venetian Crete and the Emirates of Menteshe and Aydin (1300-1415), Venice 1983
* Romania and the Turks (c.1300 - c.1500), Variorum Reprints, London 1985, ISBN 0-86078-159-3
* Ιστορία και θρύλοι των παλαιών σουλτάνων, 1300-1400 ("History and legends of the old sultans, 1300-1400"), Cultural Foundation of the National Bank of Greece, 1991 ISBN 978-960-250-059-0. (Second Edition 1999)
* Δέκα τουρκικά έγγραφα για την Μεγάλη Εκκλησία (1483-1567) - Ten Turkish documents concerning the Great Church (1483-1567), Hellenic National Research Institute: Institute for Byzantine Research, 1996, ISBN 978-960-7094-69-8
* Studies in pre-Ottoman Turkey and the Ottomans, Ashgate Variorum, 2007
* with Anthony Luttrell, Πηγές για την τουρκική ιστορία στα αρχεία των Ιπποτών της Ρόδου, 1389-1422 - Sources for Turkish History in the Hospitallers' Rhodian Archive, 1389-1422, Hellenic National Research Institute: Institute for Byzantine Research, 2009 ISBN 978-960-371-051-6
* with Gülsün Ayvali, Antonis Xanthynakis, Το χρονικό των Ουγγροτουρκικών πολέμων (1443-1444) ("Chronicle of the Hungarian-Ottoman wars (1443-1444)"), Crete University Press, Rethymno 2005, ISBN 978-960-524-217-6
As an editor, she was responsible for the publication of the first four international symposia held by the Turkish Studies program of the Institute of Mediterranean Studies:
* The Ottoman Emirate, ca. 1300–1389. Halcyon Days in Crete I: A Symposium Held in Rethymnon, 11–13 January 1991, Crete University Press, Rethymno 1994, ISBN 978-960-7309-58-7
* The Via Egnatia under Ottoman Rule, 1380–1699. Halcyon Days in Crete II: A Symposium Held in Rethymnon, 9–11 January 1994, Crete University Press, Rethymno 1997 ISBN 978-960-524-017-2
* Natural Disasters in the Ottoman Empire. Halcyon Days in Crete III: A Symposium Held in Rethymnon, 10–12 January 1997, Crete University Press, Rethymno 1999, ISBN 978-960-524-092-9
* The Kapudan Pasha: His Office and Ηis Domain. Halcyon Days in Crete IV: A Symposium held in Rethymnon, 7–9 January 2000, Crete University Press, Rethymno 2002, ISBN 978-960-524-151-3
# What Girls Never Say

What Girls Never Say (Italian: Quello che le ragazze non dicono) is a 2000 Italian comedy film directed by Carlo Vanzina.

## Cast

* Irene Ferri as Alice
* Carlotta Miti as Paola
* Sabrina Paravicini as Laura
* Martina Colombari as Francesca
* Vincenzo Peluso as Gigi Damatto
* Gianluca Gobbi as Roberto
* Fabio Bonini as Renato
* Ettore Bassi as Walter
* Walter Nudo as Alberto
* Alessandro Zamattio as Tommy
* Paolo Calissano as Bini
* Marc Tainon as Alunno
* Lia Tanzi as Francesca's mother
# Ioanna Chatziioannou

Ioanna Chatziioannou (Greek: Ιωάννα Χατζηιωάννου; born 22 October 1973 in Georgia) is a retired female weightlifter from Greece. She became an Olympic medalist during the 2000 Summer Olympics when she won the bronze medal in the women's – 63 kg class.
# Bull Museum

The Bull Museum (Norwegian: Bull-museet), also known as the Rendalen Village Museum (Norwegian: Rendalen Bygdemuseum), is located at Rendalen's old parish farm dating from 1747 in Bergset, Norway. This was the birthplace and childhood home of the author Jacob Breda Bull (1853–1930). The collection includes the cradle he lay in as a child and furniture from his workroom in Copenhagen.
The yard around the vicarage includes, among other things, the grave of the horse Vesleblakken from Bull's short story. The yard is maintained by Rendalen Hagelag. The museum is a venue for various cultural events. Every summer, the play Morosamme kropper og arme kroker based on Bull's works is performed at the museum grounds.
The museum also includes the old Berger school 100 meters (330 ft) south of the parsonage. Here there are a school museum, a bank museum, and a large musical collection connected with the musician Ottar E. Akre.
# Yanas District

Yanas District is one of nine districts of the province Dos de Mayo in Peru.

## Ethnic groups

The people in the district are mainly indigenous citizens of Quechua descent. Quechua is the language which the majority of the population (53.13%) learnt to speak in childhood, 46.59% of the residents started speaking using the Spanish language (2007 Peru Census).