OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Samuel T. Douglass

Samuel T. Douglass (February 28, 1814 – March 5, 1898) was an American lawyer and jurist. He served as a justice of the Michigan Supreme Court.

## Early life and education

Douglass was born in Wallingford, Vermont, on February 28, 1814. His family moved to Fredonia, New York, and Douglass was educated at Fredonia Academy there. He studied law in the office of James Mullet (who was judge of the Supreme Court of New York).

## Career

Douglas came to Detroit in 1837, and was admitted to the bar the same year. With the exception for a brief time in Ann Arbor, Douglass spent the next fifty years in Detroit as a practicing lawyer and judge. In 1849, Douglass became law partners with James V. Campbell, also later a justice of the Michigan Supreme Court. He married Campbell's sister, Elizabeth, in 1856.
In 1845, Douglass was appointed reporter of decisions of the Michigan Supreme Court; he served in that position until resigning in 1849. Douglass was reporter when the first two volumes of the Michigan Reports were published, covering 1843 to 1847. Douglass served as judge of the Wayne County Circuit Court and the Michigan Supreme Court from 1851 until 1857.
A separate Michigan Supreme Court was created in 1857, and Douglass was nominated for justice by the Democratic Party. The Democrats were an extreme minority in the Michigan Legislature at the time, however, and James V. Campbell, Douglass' former law partner and brother-in-law, was appointed instead. In May 1857, Douglass resigned the circuit judgeship and returned to private practice.
Douglass was a lover of nature and an amateur naturalist. In 1860 he built a home and farm on Grosse Ile in the Detroit River. Douglass took part in several trips to explore the Upper Peninsula of Michigan at a time when the area remained remote and almost entirely unsettled.
Douglass died at his home on Grosse Ile on the afternoon of March 5, 1898.
# Bryne Church

Bryne Church (Norwegian: Bryne kyrkje) is a parish church of the Church of Norway in Time Municipality in Rogaland county, Norway. It is located in the town of Bryne. It is the church for the Bryne parish which is part of the Jæren prosti (deanery) in the Diocese of Stavanger. The red, brick church was built in a long church style in 1979 using designs by the architect Per Stokholm. The church seats about 450 people.
# Ivan Andonov

Ivan Asenov Andonov (Bulgarian: Иван Асенов Андонов; 3 May 1934 – 29 December 2011) was a Bulgarian film director and actor. He directed more than thirty films, and is best known for his cinematography on Ladies' Choice (1980), Dangerous Charm (1984), Yesterday (1988) and Rio Adio (1989).

## Selected filmography
### As filmmaker

| Year | Title | Director | Writer |
| 1980 | Ladies' Choice | Yes | No |
| 1984 | Dangerous Charm | Yes | No |
| 1988 | Yesterday | Yes | Uncredited |
| 1989 | Rio Adio | Yes | No |

### As actor

Film :
| Year | Title | Role |
| 1967 | Detour | Boyan |
| 1970 | The Falcons | Fiú |
| 1972 | Eolomea | Daniel Lagny |
# Crested barbet

The crested barbet (Trachyphonus vaillantii) ('trachys'=rough, 'phone'=voice, sound') is a sub-Saharan bird in the Lybiidae family. Its specific name commemorates François Levaillant, a famed French naturalist.

## Description

With its thick bill and very colourful plumage the crested barbet is unmistakable. This small bird has a speckled yellow and red face with a small black crest. The belly is yellow with red speckles, wings are black with white specks and it has a broad black band on its neck. Yellow head and body with black and white feathers, red markings on end of body, its colour blends well in the bush. They have a distinct trill.

## Diet

The crested barbet feeds on insects, other birds' eggs and fruits and sometimes mice.

## Breeding

They nest in a hole in a tree or a log in a suburban garden. They are monogamous and territorial during breeding. Territory size varies according to their habitat. One to five eggs are laid at daily intervals between September and December. Incubation lasts between 13 and 17 days, beginning with the second or third egg and mainly by the female. The young hatch naked and blind. They are fed insects by both parents. Faecal material is removed regularly. They fledge after about 31 days. Up to five broods have been recorded in a breeding season.

## Behaviour

They are found singly or in pairs. They like to bounce around on the ground looking for food, they usually call from a branch out in the open. They do not fly easily and then only for short distances. Crested barbets roost in holes in trees. They are very vocal, the call being a trill that can continue for long periods. Crested barbets are aggressive towards other birds in their territory and chase off both nest competitors such as other barbets and other birds such as doves and thrushes. They have also been recorded to have attacked rats and killed snakes.

## Habitat

It is found in forests, savannah, suburban gardens, woodland thickets and watercourses in Angola, Botswana, Burundi, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Eswatini, Malawi, Mozambique, Namibia, Rwanda, South Africa, Tanzania, Uganda, Zambia, and Zimbabwe.
# Psamathus

Psamathus or Psamathous (Ancient Greek: Ψαμαθοῦς), called by Strabo Amathus or Amathous (Ἀμαθοῦς), was a harbour of ancient Laconia. The Periplus of Pseudo-Scylax places it back to back (ἀντίπυλος) with the harbour of Achilleius.
Pausanias places it near Cape Taenarum and Asine, at about 150 stadia from Teuthrone. He says that at the end of Cape Matapan there was a temple in the shape of a cave and a statue of Poseidon. Strabo and other ancient writers call Psamathus a polis (city-state).
Its site is located near the modern Porto Kagio.
# Acheron (Elis)

The Acheron (Ancient Greek: Ἀχέρων) was a small river of Triphylia in ancient Elis, flowing northward from the Minthe Mountains and joining the Alpheius River as a tributary.
# Anion exchange protein 2

Anion exchange protein 2 (AE2) is a membrane transport protein that in humans is encoded by the SLC4A2 gene. AE2 is functionally similar to the Band 3 Cl$^−$/HCO3$^−$ exchange protein.
Mice have been used to explore the function of AE2. AE2 contributes to basolateral membrane HCO$_3$$^−$ transport in the gastrointestinal tract. AE2 is required for spermiogenesis in mice. AE2 is required for normal osteoclast function. The activity of AE2 is sensitive to pH.
AE3 has been suggested as a target for prevention of diabetic vasculopathy.

## Structure

The cryo electron microscopic studies revealed that human AE2 protein forms a homodimer and stays in resting state of inward-facing conformation at physiological pH. A loop between transmembrane (TM) helices 10 and 11 extends from TM domain into its cytoplamic domain, forming a "trigger" locking the TM helices in the resting state. In addition, the C-terminal loop (CTD loop) inserts into the anion binding pocket to further block its activities.

## Mechanism of ion exchange

During the process of acid secretion, the cellular pH increases, triggering the release of the "trigger" loop from the cytoplasmic domain. This allows for the re-arrangement of the TM helices, while the CTD loop is forced out, enabling HCO−3 binding. Further conformational changes then turn the AE2 protein into an outward-facing conformation, releasing HCO−3 into the extracellular environment and capturing Cl$^−$ into the binding pocket. Finally, the AE2 protein returns to its inward-facing conformation and releases Cl$^−$ into the cytosol. This working cycle of the AE2 protein replaces a weak acid anion with a strong acid anion, thereby lowering the cellular pH and re-balancing pH homeostasis.
# Coutansouze

Coutansouze (French pronunciation:; Occitan: Costansosa) is a commune in the Allier department in central France.
# Fontenilles

Fontenilles (French pronunciation:; Occitan: Fontanilhas) is a commune in the Haute-Garonne department in southwestern France.

## Population

The inhabitants of Fontenilles are known as Fontenillois in French.
# Ahmad Mardeh

Ahmad Mardeh (Persian: احمدمرده, also Romanized as Aḩmad Mardeh) is a village in Tilakuh Rural District, Ziviyeh District, Saqqez County, Kurdistan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 138, in 26 families. The village is populated by Kurds.
# Burly

Burly (Russian: Бурлы; Bashkir: Бурлы, Burlı) is a rural locality (a selo) and the administrative centre of Burlinsky Selsoviet, Gafuriysky District, Bashkortostan, Russia. The population was 539 as of 2010. There are 10 streets.

## Geography

Burly is located 31 km north of Krasnousolsky (the district's administrative centre) by road. Yavgildy is the nearest rural locality.
# Stabskapitän

Stabskapitän (English: staff captain), in the cavalry also Stabsrittmeister ("staff riding master" or "staff cavalry master"), or Kapitänleutnant (captain lieutenant), was a historic military rank in the Prussian Army. In reference to the German Stabskapitän the equivalent rank in the Imperial Russian Army used to be the rank shtabs-kapitan (Russian: штабс-капитан).
It ranked between the Premierleutnant (later called Oberleutnant) and Hauptmann/Rittmeister in the Prussian army, and between poruchik and captain in the Russian army. Its holder represented the actual captain and company commander in his absence, frequently and often for long periods, should his (usually noble) Hauptmann show no interest in leading the company, though the Hauptmann would retain his rank, status and uniform.
In the army of Frederick the Great, a regiment's regimentschef, oberst, staff officers, company commanders and those of nearby rank received a far higher rank than the staff captains who actually led the company. From this difference later developed the salary difference between a first class "Hauptleute first class" and "Hauptleute second class".

## Finland

A similar rank, was stabskapten (Swedish), or alikapteeni (Finnish) in the Military of the Grand Duchy of Finland, using the Russian rank system (see below). Currently the corresponding rank in the Finnish Army is yliluutnantti.

## Russian Empire

Shtabs-kapitan (Russian: штабс-капитан) was in the Russian Imperial Army (RIA) until 1917 a light captain rank (NATO-equivalent OF-2b) who was in charge of a company-size military unit.
# The Family (2017 film)

The Family (Spanish: La familia) is a 2017 drama film directed by Gustavo Rondón Córdova. It was screened in the Critics' Week section at the 2017 Cannes Film Festival. It was selected as the Venezuelan entry for the Best Foreign Language Film at the 91st Academy Awards, but it was not nominated. It is a co-production between Venezuela, Chile and Norway.

## Plot

Near Caracas, a father and his teenage son go on the run after a violent altercation puts their lives at risk.

## Cast

* Giovanni García
* Reggie Reyes

## Reception

As of June 2020, the film holds a 91% approval rating on review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes, based on eleven reviews with an average rating of 7.75/10.
# Murama

Murama (Kinyarwanda: Umurenge wa Murama) is one of the 12 sectors in Kayonza District in Rwanda's Eastern Province.

## Geography

Murama covers an area of 69.06 km² and lies at an altitude of about 1,680 m. The sector is divided into five cells: Bunyentongo, Muko, Murama, Nyakanazi and Rusave. It borders Rwinkwavu to the north, Kabare to the east, Kibungo to the south, Remera to the southwest and Kabarondo to the west..

## Demographics

The census of 2022 counted 23,381 inhabitants. Ten years earlier, it was 19,945, which corresponds to an annual population increase of 1.6 percent between 2012 and 2022.
# All Roads Lead Home (1957 film)

All Roads Lead Home (German: Alle Wege führen heim) is a 1957 West German drama film directed by Hans Deppe and starring Luise Ullrich, Christian Doermer and Fritz Tillmann. The film was made at the Bavaria Studios in Munich. The film's sets were designed by the art directors Willi Herrmann and Heinrich Weidemann. It was shot using Agfacolor.

## Cast

* Luise Ullrich as Tilla Haidt
* Christian Doermer as Michael
* Fritz Tillmann as Dr. Jacobs
* Günther Lüders as Father Nehlsen
* Helmut Schmid as Autohändler Busch
* Lotte Brackebusch as Marie
* Sabine Hahn as Antje
* Sylvia Bossert as Irene
* Franz Schafheitlin as Grumke
* Georg Kostya as Kurt
* Alexander von Richthofen as Jochen
* Joseph Offenbach as Amtsschreiber
* Karl-Heinz Peters as Toboggan-Besitzer
# Abdollahabad, Bukan

Abdollahabad (Persian: عبداله اباد, also Romanized as ‘Abdollāhābād) is a village in Akhtachi-ye Mahali Rural District, Simmineh District, Bukan County, West Azerbaijan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 107, in 19 families.
# Kachal Mangan

Kachal Mangan (Persian: كچل منگان, also Romanized as Kachal Mangān) is a village in Zu ol Faqr Rural District, Sarshiv District, Saqqez County, Kurdistan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 242, in 55 families. The village is populated by Kurds.
# Apolakkia

Apolakkia (Greek: Απολακκιά) is a village in the municipal unit of South Rhodes, on the island of Rhodes, in the South Aegean region of Greece. In 2021 its population was 409.

## Geography

The village is located in a valley between two hills, near the Aegean Coast, 78 km from the town of Rhodes and 37 from Lindos. Nearest villages are Arnitha (3,5 km), Istrios and Monolithos.

## Main sights

Apolakkia Beach, also known as Limni, is a receptive place for summer tourism. The beach, on the west side of Rhodes Coast, is 3,500 m long and 35m wide.
Near Apolakkia are located the ancient ruins of the churches of Agia Irini and Agios Giorgios. Some km in north of the settlement is located the Apolakkia Lake.
# Le Vignau

Le Vignau (French pronunciation:; Occitan: Lo Vinhau) is a commune in the Landes department in Nouvelle-Aquitaine in southwestern France.
# Abergavenny Town Hall

Abergavenny Town Hall (Welsh: Neuadd y Dref Y Fenni) is a municipal building located on Cross Street, Abergavenny in Monmouthshire, Wales. The town hall, which also houses the town's market, is a Grade II listed building.

## History

The first building on the site was a market hall which had been financed by a legacy from the local member of parliament, Philip Jones, and which was completed in the early 17th century. Following their appointment in 1794, one of the first acts of the new Abergavenny Improvement Commissioners was to commission a new market hall which was designed by the well-known Regency and Georgian era architect, John Nash, and completed in 1796. In the 1860s, in anticipation of a further increases in their responsibilities, including those of an urban sanitary authority, the commissioners decided to procure a town hall which would be built on the same site.
Construction of the new building, which was built with old red sandstone with Bath limestone and slate roofs, started in 1869. It was designed by Wilson and Willcox of Bath in the Gothic Revival style, built by S. J. Moreland and Sons of Gloucester and completed in 1871. The design involved an asymmetrical main frontage with five bays facing onto Cross Street; the central section featured an archway leading to a market hall flanked by two gothic windows on each side. There were five two-light sash windows divided by Corinthian order columns on the first floor and there was a clock tower with a copper roof at the north west corner. The building incorporated a corn exchange, municipal offices, a council chamber, a market hall, an assembly room and the local poor law offices. The assembly room was converted for use as a theatre in 1906 and subsequent performers there included the rock band, The Beatles, who gave a concert in June 1963.
The building served as the headquarters of the Abergavenny Urban District Council for much of the 20th century but ceased to be local seat of government when the enlarged Monmouth District Council was formed in 1974. Abergavenny Town Council, which was formed in 1981, made the building its home and installed two members of staff there. Subsequent improvements included the modernisation of the theatre in 1996.
The cattle market, which had been held on the site for over 150 years, moved to Bryngwyn in Monmouthshire in December 2013. Other types of market continued to be held in the building, including a flea market which continued to be held there every Wednesday. A programme of works, designed by GWP Architecture and costing £2.2 million, to convert the building into a community hub was completed in September 2020.
# Lotfabad-e Shur

Lotfabad-e Shur (Persian: لطف ابادشور, also Romanized as Loţfābād-e Shūr; also known as Loţfābād and Lotf Abad Hoomeh) is a village in Azadegan Rural District, in the Central District of Rafsanjan County, Kerman Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 700, in 162 families.
# Vestmarka Church

Vestmarka Church (Norwegian: Vestmarka kirke) is a parish church of the Church of Norway in Eidskog Municipality in Innlandet county, Norway. It is located in the village of Vestmarka. It is the church for the Vestmarka parish which is part of the Solør, Vinger og Odal prosti (deanery) in the Diocese of Hamar. The white, wooden church was built in a long church design in 1883 using plans drawn up by the architect Ludvig Bergh. The church seats about 300 people.

## History

Planning for a new chapel in Vestmarka took place in the early 1880s. The architect Ludvig Bergh was hired to design the building. It was a timber-framed long church with a rectangular nave and a narrower choir with a lower roof line. The choir is flanked by sacristies. The west end of the building has a church porch with a tower above it. Construction took place in 1883 and the new chapel was consecrated in 1883. During the late 20th century, the chapel was upgraded in status to a parish church and at that time it was renamed Vestmarka Church (before that time it was Vestmarka Chapel).
# Croceae (Laconia)

Croceae or Krokeai (Ancient Greek: Κροκέαι) was a village of ancient Laconia on the road from Sparta to Gythium, and near the latter place. It was celebrated for its marble quarries. Pausanias describes the marble as difficult to work, but when wrought forming beautiful decorations for temples, baths, and fountains. There was a marble statue of Zeus Croceates before the village, and at the quarries bronze statues of the Dioscuri. The most celebrated of the Corinthian baths was adorned with marble from the quarries at Croceae. A number of blocks of green Laconian porphyry from the quarries at Croceae have been found in the Minoan palace at Knossos.
These quarries were discovered by the French Commission two miles (3 km) southeast of Krokees (formerly, Levétzova); and near the village have been found some blocks of marble, probably the remains of the statue of Zeus Croceates. A memorial of the worship of the Dioscuri at this place still exists in a bas-relief, representing the two gods with their horses: beneath is a Latin inscription. The marble in these quarries is green porphyry; and though not suitable for Grecian temples, it would be greatly prized by the Romans, who employed extensively variegated kinds of marble for the decoration of their buildings. Hence it is probable that the marble celebrated by the Romans under the name of Laconian was this green porphyry from Croceae; and that it was the quarries of this place which, Strabo says, were opened by the Romans at Taygetus.
# Hoseynabad, Dehaj

Hoseynabad (Persian: حسين اباد, also Romanized as Ḩoseynābād) is a village in Khabar Rural District, Dehaj District, Shahr-e Babak County, Kerman Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 20, in 5 families.
# Euergetes

Euergetes (Ancient Greek: Εὐεργέτης, Euergétēs), meaning "the Benefactor" (from ευ-, "good", + εργετης, "doer, worker"), was an epithet, an honoring title, given to various benefactors. Euergetism (literally "doing good deeds") was the practice of high-status and wealthy individuals distributing part of their wealth to the community. For example,
* Archelaus I of Macedon supplied wood to Athens, taking the titles of proxenos and euergetes in 407/6 BC.
* Diogenes Euergetes a Macedonian commander who was named euergetes by the Athenians.
* Antigonus III Doson, king of Macedon from 229-221 BC, was called Euergetes.
The title was given to several Hellenistic monarchs:
* Alexander I Theopator Euergetes, Seleucid king, reigned 150-145 BC
* Antiochus VII Euergetes, Seleucid king, reigned 138–129 BC
* Attalus III Philometor Euergetes, king of Pergamon, reigned 138–133 BC
* Mithridates V Euergetes, king of Pontus, reigned 150–120 BC
* Nicomedes III Euergetes, king of Bithynia, reigned 127–94 BC
* Ptolemy III Euergetes, king of Egypt, reigned 246–222 BC
* Ptolemy VIII Euergetes II, king of Egypt, reigned 169–164, 144–132, 126–116 BC
* Telephos Euergetes, Indo-Greek ruler, reigned 75–70 BC
* Tiraios I Euergetes, king of Characene, reigned 95/94-90/89 BC
* Demetrius III Theos Philopator Soter Philometor Euergetes Callinicus, Seleucid king, reigned 96–87 BC
The feminine form Euergetis (Εὐεργέτις) was also used:
# Vladimir Khodus

Vladimir Alekseyevich Khodus (Russian: Владимир Алексеевич Ходус; born 13 July 1952) is a Russian football manager and a former player. He is the assistant manager of Peresvet Domodedovo.
# Aslanlu

Aslanlu (Persian: اصلانلو, also Romanized as Aşlānlū; also known as Isīlānlu) is a village in Qeshlaqat-e Afshar Rural District, Afshar District, Khodabandeh County, Zanjan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 138, in 38 families.
# Death Is a Caress

Death is a Caress (Norwegian: Døden er et kjærtegn) is a 1949 Norwegian film noir starring Claus Wiese, Bjørg Riiser-Larsen and Ingolf Rogde. Based on a 1948 novel by Arve Moen, it was Edith Carlmar's directorial début, and the first Norwegian film directed by a woman.
The film depicts the passionate and tempestuous liaison between mechanic Erik (Wiese) and society woman Sonja (Riiser-Larsen). The film uses cinematic shorthand to convey time and place, while concentrating on its protagonists' increasingly troubled relationship.
# Paropsisterna cloelia

Paropsisterna cloelia, known as the eucalyptus leaf beetle, is a species of leaf beetle native to Australia.

## Diet

This beetle feeds on both juvenile and adult leaves of plants within the genus Eucalyptus.

## Description

Adults are less than 10mm long and dome-shaped. They are mostly orange but can be dark brown or black with an orange edge and head. Larvae are 2–12mm long and yellow-green to olive-green with dark heads; mature larvae have thin black stripes on the abdomen.