OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Comitê Brasileiro de Interesse Nacional Palestino

The Comitê Brasileiro de Interesse Nacional Palestino (English: Brazilian Palestinian National Interest Committee) is a grassroots movement representing the interests of Palestinian nationals in Brazil, and whose principal mission is to work with the legislative body of Brazil on legislation that strengthens the relationship between Brazil and Palestinians.
The movement positions itself through accords and agreements the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO) formed on behalf of the Palestinian people living in the Palestinian territories or in exile.
Founded by members of the Palestinian Diaspora, the movement continues to gain support by members of the Palestinian Central Council and the Palestinian National Council and strives to bridge the gap between Palestinian nationals and the nation of Brazil and ensure that Brazilian support for an independent Palestinian state remains vital.

## History

In 1993, The United States brought both the Palestinians and the Israelis to Washington. The late PLO Chairman, Yasser Arafat, sat together with Shimon Peres, the late Israeli President, and in meetings with U.S. leaders they established the Palestinian National Authority (PNA). Chairman Arafat was then democratically elected as first President of the PNA. Later, many countries (with the exception of a few) allowed the PNA to be the only representation of the Palestinian people.
This continues to this day, with the PNA not being recognized as the voice of the Palestinian people. The Brazilian Palestinian National Interest Committee, a non-profit grassroots movement, wishes to change that, with the ultimate goal of establishing a separate Palestinian state.

## Achievements

Brazil-Palestine Relations
2/13/2008 - Brazilian Foreign Minister Celso Amorim and Palestinian Foreign Minister Riyad al-Malki sign a Brazilian Palestinian National Interest Committee fostered agreement that designates Palestine as a major Arab League ally of Brazil. The agreement comprises one of the most comprehensive agreements ever signed between the two countries, marking a major turning point in their relations. The agreement emphasizes the importance of working together to be aware of the value of their distinctive dialogue and agree to regular discussions and periodic meetings between the presidents, between the ministers of foreign affairs, and between the council of ministers and executive committees of both nations.
Palestinian-Israeli Peace
10/23/2008 - Palestine obtained in meetings stimulated by the Brazilian Palestinian National Interest Committee, the commitment of Brazilian President Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva to assist with peace negotiations in relation to the Right of Return of Palestinians to the Holy Land, in the conversations that will take place in November–December 2008 with president Nicolas Sarkozy, of France, and Dmitri Medvedev, of Russia.
# Al Jafilia

Al Jafiliya (Arabic: الجافلية), also written Jafilia is a community in Dubai, United Arab Emirates primarily composed of private residential dwellings but also including Dubai's Department of Naturalization and Residency, Rydges Plaza Hotel and Al Hana Center shopping mall. It also includes Ministry of Interior and has a metro station for its residents.
# Kolonia Sielce

Kolonia Sielce is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Stromiec, within Białobrzegi County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland.
# Bashmaq, Saqqez

Bashmaq (Persian: باشماق, also Romanized as Bāshmāq) is a village in Tilakuh Rural District, Ziviyeh District, Saqqez County, Kurdistan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 765, in 164 families. The village is populated by Kurds.
# Gennady Makhnev

Gennady Makhnev (born July 21, 1951) is a Soviet sprint canoer who competed in the early 1980s. At the 1980 Summer Olympics in Moscow, he finished seventh in the K-4 1000 m event.
Makhnev's son, Vadim, has competed for Belarus in three Summer Olympics, winning four medals with a gold (K-4 1000 m: 2008), a silver (K-2 200m: 2012) and two bronzes (K-2 500 m: 2004, 2008).
# Mount Mikami

Mount Mikami (Japanese: 三上山, pronounced "Mikami Yama", meaning Mikami Mountain) is a mountain, 432 metres (1,417 ft) above sea level, located in Yasu City, Shiga Prefecture, Japan. In spite of its relatively low altitude, it is also called "Ōmi Fuji", that is Mount Fuji of Ōmi Province, the old name of Shiga Prefecture, because of its conical shape standing out in the flat area on the shores of Lake Biwa.
It is now part of Mikami-Tanakami-Shigaraki Prefectural Natural Park, established in 1969. Both Mount Ibuki, Shiga Prefecture's highest peak, and Mount Mikami can be spotted easily from the windows of the Tokyo-Kyoto/Osaka Shinkansen train, as it passes through the prefecture.
Mount Mikami, nearer to Kyoto, the traditional capital of Japan, has appeared in the Japanese literature from the ancient times. It is particularly noted for the legend of "Fujiwara no Hidesato Conquering the Giant Centipede of Mount Mikami".
At the foot of Mount Mikami is the Shintoist Mikami Shrine (Japanese: 御神神社, pronounced "Mikami Jinja", meaning the Gods' Shrine), a Kanpei-chūsha.
# Tomio Hora

Tomio Hora (Japanese: 洞 富雄, Hepburn: Hora Tomio; 14 November 1906 – 15 March 2000) was a Japanese historian and Waseda University professor, well known for his pioneering efforts to push back against Nanjing Massacre denial inside Japan.

## Education

Hora attended middle school at Matsumoto Kukashi High School (長野県松本深志高等学校) and high school at Waseda University High School (早稲田大学高等学院).
He was a graduate of Waseda University's literature department. He received his Doctor of Letters from Waseda.

## Nanjing Massacre

In 1972, Hora published his seminal Nankin Jiken, in which he refuted revisionist denial of the Nanjing Massacre. The work updated his 1967 Kindai senshi no nazo ("Riddles of Modern War History"). This detailed treatment of the incident was a meaningful, in-depth response to revisionist accounts of Imperial Japanese action in China.
Hora's Nankin Jiken appeared amidst controversy in regards to the Nanjing Massacre scholarship of Honda Katsuichi, whose Chugoku no tabi ("Travels in China") recorded Chinese eyewitness accounts of Japanese wartime atrocities. Honda's account garnered much support and stimulated debate in Japan, while at the same time attracting fearsome nationalistic defenses of Japanese military activity in the period, which materialized as historical debates, rhetorical attacks, and personal threats. Hora's Nankin Jiken then appeared, which bolstered Honda's interview-based research with a documentary record, answering various attempts to undercut the Nanjing Massacre in Japanese historiography.
Throughout the 1970s, Hora continued his struggle against revisionist works, publishing a number of scholarly monographs and documents on the events of the war. In 1984, he became a founding member of the Study Group on the Nanjing Incident, a diverse group of scholars, lawyers, and teachers, who held a variety of views but agreed that "they had to face the past wrongs committed by Japan". The organization's stated goal was the advancement of historical consciousness in Japan, in order to construct a "fortress for peace".
# Georgis Grigorakis

Georgis Grigorakis (Greek: Τζώρτζης Γρηγοράκης; born 20 May 1983) is a Greek film director and screenwriter. He has received awards at the 70th Berlin Film Festival and the Hellenic Film Academy Awards 2021 for his debut film Digger.

## Career

Georgis was born and raised in Athens. He studied psychology in the UK and did a master's degree in film direction (fiction) at the National Film and Television School in Beaconsfield, UK.
He first started making short films in 2007 and his debut feature film, Digger, was premiered at the 70th Berlin Film Festival Panorama programme, winning the CICAE Art Cinema Award.

## Filmography

Sources:

### Film

| Year | Title | Director | Writer | Producer | Distribution |
| 2020 | Digger | Yes | Yes | No | The Matchbox Factory and JHR Films |

### Short film

| Year | Title | Director | Writer | Producer | Notes |
| 2007 | Vicious Circle | Yes | Yes | Yes | |
| 2009 | 'N me for myself | Yes | Yes | Yes | 8 nominations, 6 awards |
| 2010 | Reverse | Yes | Yes | Yes | 4 nominations, 2 awards |
| 2011 | The Case of Regina Scalici | Yes | No | No | |
| 2011 | From Nowhere | Yes | Yes | No | |
| 2012 | Revolving | Yes | Yes | No | 4 nominations, 2 awards |
| 2013 | 45 Degrees | Yes | Yes | Yes | 9 nominations, 2 awards |

### Videos

| Year | Title | Director | Writer | Producer | Notes |
| 2012 | Xaxakes | Yes | Yes | No | Music video for a punk band |
| 2012 | Now What | Yes | Yes | No | A dance video |
| 2012 | Celtman | Yes | Yes | Yes | A documentary about the extreme triathlon Celtman! in Scotland; 4 nominations |
| 2013 | Unplugged | Yes | Yes | No | Promo video for Zermatt Unplugged [de] festival in Switzerland; 2 nominations |
| 2016 | C | Yes | Yes | No | Video for the Goulandris Museum of Cycladic Art, produced by HAOS film |

## Awards and nominations

Grigorakis' films have been nominated more than 50 times and won more than 30 awards.
His debut feature film Digger won 19 awards, including 10 awards at the Hellenic Film Academy Awards 2021.
# Em Agaleh Seyyed Sabus

Em Agaleh Seyyed Sabus (Persian: ام عگله سيدسبوس, also Romanized as Em ʿAgaleh Seyyed Sabūs) is a village in Elhayi Rural District, in the Central District of Ahvaz County, Khuzestan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 104, in 18 families.
# Gunrod

Gundered (Spanish: Gunderedo; putatively Old Norse: Guðrǫðr; sometimes rendered Gunrod or Gunrød) was a Viking warlord, known only from a group of twelfth-century Spanish Latin Chronicles all of which derive from the lost eleventh-century Chronicle of Sampiro: the Historia Silense, the Liber chronicorum of Pelayo of Oviedo
and Chronica Naierense. In the account of the Historia Silense:
   In the second year of his reign (Ramiro III, i.e. 968) one hundred ships of Vikings (Normani) with their king Gundered penetrated the cities of Galicia and with much slaughter in the lands of Santiago, whose bishop Sisnando perished by the sword. They sacked all Galicia as far as the Pirineos montes Ezebrarii. In the third year of their settlement, God, from whom nothing is hidden, brought down his vengeance upon them; for just as they had carried the Christians away captive and put many to the sword, so many ills fell upon them, until they were forced to go out from Galicia. Count Guillelmus Sánchez, in the name of the Lord, and with the aid of the Apostle Santiago whose lands they had devastated, went out with a great army and with divine aid killed all the pagans, including their king, and burned their ships.
None of the people mentioned here, nor the precise places, can be certainly identified apart from Bishop Sisnando Menéndez, though Guillelmus Sánchez might be identifiable as an obscure Galician count of Visigothic descent, Gonzalo Sánchez, or as William Sánchez of Gascony.
This has not prevented speculation about Gundered's identity. Suggestions include that he was one of two sons of the (possibly fictitious) Norwegian king Haraldr inn hárfagri named Guðrøðr in the thirteenth-century Icelandic Heimskringla; or that he was a "Sea-King" (sækonungr), possibly a cousin or brother of Harald II of Norway.
# Krakeb

Qraqeb or garagab (Arabic: قراقب), in English often transliterated as krakeb, are a large iron castanet-like musical instrument primarily used as the rhythmic aspect of Gnawa music. Gnawa today is part of the North African culture and is inherent in the Maghrebi soundscape. The word qraqeb is a plural form (with the singular being qarqab), with an unclear etymology, as the word does not occur in Standard Arabic with this meaning.

## Cultural significance

Gnawa music is a spiritual music representing the history of sub-Saharan West African people who were sold as slaves in present-day Algeria, Morocco, Libya and Tunisia or Greater Maghreb. "...stories are told to those who are connected with their history by the very sound of the krakebs – they represent the sound of horses hooves hitting the ground as their people were carried away in grain sacks, and the rattling of shackles that used to hold their people captive.". They are also said to represent shackles which slaves removed when they became free men. Several specific rhythms played by Gnawa musicians on Qarqabat (often accompanied by hajhuj or sintir) symbolise this freedom.

## Body

Krakeb are similar to large iron castanets in that they are handheld cymbal-type instruments which are handmade from iron or steel. They are idiophones, meaning that their sound comes from the vibration of the instrument's body. The body is four cymbals (two on each side) attached by a string. Since they are played with one hand, the musician usually holds one in each to play simultaneously.

## Playing

In the Gnawa style, krakeb stay closed between hits so that the instrument clanging shut is the most prominent sound. In Tunisia, they are hit and pulled back apart quickly so that the ringing of the instrument is the most prominent sound. Generally, there is one sintir (guimbri) and up to 20 krakeb players per Gnawa ensemble. Curtis Blues shows examples of these playings, as well as other cultural significances of this instrument in the following video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eO-9nzR79pc
# Plane wave tube

An acoustic duct or plane wave tube is a test facility used in acoustics. Anechoic chambers are typically subject to a low frequency limit, governed by the length of the sound absorbing wedges employed to prevent reflections within the chamber. Test and measurement microphone calibration services are often required to be undertaken at frequencies where anechoic chambers cannot be used effectively. In this case, a plane wave acoustic duct with anechoic termination provides a practical alternative.
Such a facility consists of a long duct, with a special low-frequency sound source (subwoofer) at one end and very large acoustically absorbent wedges at the other end. The duct cross section dimensions are made sufficiently small compared to the wavelength at the frequencies of interest that sound can be assumed to propagate down the duct as a plane wave with no reflections from the sides. Acoustic ducts are most commonly used by National Measurement Institutes that specialise in acoustical measurement (such as the National Physical Laboratory (United Kingdom)), who use them for measurement microphone calibration at low frequencies.
* This sound technology article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
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# Warfare 1917

Warfare 1917 is a strategy Flash game set during World War I, developed by Australian programmer ConArtist and published by Armor Games.

## Gameplay

In Warfare 1917, the player orders soldiers to capture ground and trenches while fighting programmed enemies. In-game units such as the riflemen, machine gunners, assaulters, officers, sharpshooters, and tanks can be used in both the British and German campaigns and custom mode. Support weapons can also be called down upon command, such as artillery, mortar, and mustard gas, but, like other units, must load up first. The game also allows users to set up custom levels.
During either campaign, the player may make use of the nation-specific variants of several units, which are based on actual historical differences between each army. Specialized units enjoy a higher combat proficiency than the standard for that unit, and provide a unique strategic advantage to the player throughout their campaign. Such would include the Sturmtruppen and the Mark IV Tank, among others. The campaigns also provide a historical atmosphere by slowly expanding the player's unit roster over the course of the war based on the historical innovations of the featured armies; regardless of affiliation, the player starts the game with limited options, and unlock new units and fire support with every battle they win, tanks being among the last and available to the British before the Germans.
Regardless of game mode, the player is tasked with achieving victory in one of two ways: capturing enough of the enemy's side of the battlefield, or killing off enough enemy units to deplete morale and force a surrender. The criteria for the AI opponent's victory is the same as the player's; should the player fail to stop the advance of opposing troops, or have their army's morale drop to 0%, the AI will win the battle.

## Reception

The game generally garnered favorable reviews. The game was given a score of 4.57/5 in Newgrounds.

## Sequel

Warfare 1944, a sequel to the game, was later released by ConArtist, featuring the Americans and Germans in the Second World War.
# Ludwig Friedländer

Ludwig Henrich Friedlaender (16 July 1824 – 16 December 1909) was a German philologist. He was one of the preeminent scholars of Ancient Rome of his time and is known for his research on Roman daily life and customs. He was a professor at Albertina and served as its rector 1865/66 and 1874/75. He was also a member of the House of Lords.
He was born in Königsberg, and studied at the universities of his hometown Königsberg, Leipzig, and Berlin from 1841 to 1845. In 1847 he became privat-docent of classical philology at Königsberg, in 1856 assistant professor, and in 1858 professor.
He retired in 1892 to Strasbourg, where he was honorary professor at the university, and died there.
He was a son of the merchant Hirsch Friedländer (1791–1871) and Emma Levia Perlbach (1801–1863), and was raised Jewish. He later converted to Protestantism. In 1856, he married Laura Gutzeit, daughter of an East Prussian estate owner. Their son Paul Friedländer was a noted chemist. Their daughter Charlotte Friedländer was married to the art historian Georg Dehio.

## Literary works

His chief work is Darstellungen aus der Sittengeschichte Roms in der Zeit von August bis zum Ausgang der Antonine (3 vols., 1862–71; 6th ed., 1889–90). This work is considered one of the most noteworthy philological productions of the 19th century (translated into French, Italian, Spanish, English, and Hungarian).
Friedländer's other publications include:
* Nicanoris περὶ Ἰλιακῆς στιγμῆς: Reliquiæ Emendatiores (1850);
* Ueber den Kunstsinn der Römer in der Kaiserzeit (1852);
* Aristonici Alexandrini περὶ σημείων Ἰλιάδος: Reliquiæ Emendatiores (1853);
* Die Homerische Kritik von Wolf bis Grote (1853).
He edited and annotated:
* Martial (2 vols., 1886);
* Petronius' Cena Trimalchionis (with translation, 1891);
* Juvenal (1895).
# Ivan Shishmanov

Ivan Shishmanov (Bulgarian: Иван Димитров Шишманов; July 4, 1862 – June 22, 1928) was a Bulgarian writer, ethnographer, politician and diplomat. He served as Ambassador of Bulgaria to the Ukrainian State and the Ukrainian People's Republic.

## Biography

Ivan Shishmanov was born on June 22, 1862, in Svishtov in the Shishmanovs family. He studied at the Pedagogical School in Vienna from 1876 to 1882. He then studied philosophy and literature at Jena in 1884 and spent two years at Geneva. In 1888, he finished his Ph.D. studies in Leipzig under the direction of Professor Wilhelm Wundt.
On December 28, 1888, he married Lidia Shishmanova, the daughter of Mykhailo Drahomanov. In 1889, their son Dimitr was born, he would become a literary critic and playwright. In 1888 Shishmanov was one of the founders of the High School of Sofia. In 1894 he became Professor of General Literary and Cultural History, and comparative literary history. He was also the founder and editor of Folklore and Ethnography Collection (СбНУНК) from 1889 to 1902 and the Bulgarian Observer [bg] magazine from 1893–1900. Shishmanov was a member of the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences.
He was also one of the founders of the State Drawing School, which later became the National Academy of Arts (1896).
Shishmanov was a member of the People's Liberal Party, and in 1903 he became Minister of Public Education, but in early 1907 he left office because of disagreement with the government's actions during the University crisis [bg]. As a minister of education, he opened the school for the blind in 1906.
Shishmanov acted as a plenipotentiary representative of Bulgaria in the Ukrainian People's Republic during the reign of Pavlo Skoropadsky in 1918–1919. King Ferdinand I sent him to Kyiv. He founded and served as the first president of the Bulgarian Department of the Pan-European Union. He donated a portion of his library to the Vardar Macedonia Student Association [bg]. Shishmanov was a member of the Macedonian Scientific Institute
He died in Oslo on June 23, 1928, at the age of 65.
His son, Dimitr Shishmanov, writer and politician, was executed by the People's Court due to his work as the Secretary of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, and then the Minister of Foreign Affairs.

## Creative heritage

In his research, he used a positivist methodology. He wrote works in the field of folk art and literature of national revival, as well as comparative works on European literature of the XVIII century and journalistic articles.
He wrote works on ethnography and literary science. An expert on Ukrainian literature, in particular the works of Taras Shevchenko, he investigated the influence of Shevchenko's poetry on Bulgarian revival, having written the work "The role of Ukraine in the Bulgarian revival. The Influence of Shevchenko on Bulgarian Poets before the Liberation Age" (1916).
The initiator and founder of the Bulgarian-Ukrainian Society (1920). Shevchenko Scientific Society member.
# Richard Lenel

Richard Lenel (29 July 1869, in Mannheim – 3 August 1950, in Neckargemünd) was a German businessman. He was chairman of the chamber of commerce and honorary citizen of the city of Mannheim.

## Biography

Richard Lenel joined his father Victor Lenel's company "Fabrik wasserdichter Wäsche Lenel, Bensinger u. Co." at the age of 23 and was promoted to general manager in 1897. In 1908, he was a founding member of the general workers committee of Mannheim-Ludwigshafen. From 1909 to 1920 he was a judge in commercial matters. In 1911, he was made chairman of the manufacturers society and was elected a member, 1920 chairman of the chamber of commerce. In 1922 he was, as a member of the German People's Party, elected a member of the citizens committee, on which he remained until 1930. For his efforts in support of the society for the promotion of the commercial university, he received the university's first honorary doctorate. In 1931, he was made chairman of a charitable relief society for the unemployed. On 27 March 1933, he was forced by the Nazi government to resign his seat in the chamber of commerce.
In the following years he attempted, together with his two eldest sons who remained in Germany, to hold on to his company, but the rigorous measures of 1938 forced him to sell his house and his company and flee to England, later to the USA. His nephew Ludwig Lenel became a well-known composer. In exile, he was utterly unhappy and returned thus already in 1949 to Germany. On 18 October 1949, an honorary citizenship of the city of Mannheim was bestowed upon him, the following day he was made honorary chairman of the chamber of industry and commerce. A few days after his 81st anniversary, he died and was buried at the Jewish cemetery in Mannheim. A road in the "honorary citizen area" of Mannheim-Feudenheim was named after him and a remembrance sign was attached to the high-rise building on the site of his former residence at Maximilianstrasse.

## Literature

* Watzinger, Karl Otto, Geschichte der Juden in Mannheim 1650-1945, Stuttgart, 1984, S. 119ff.
* Watzinger, Karl Otto, Richard Lenel 1869-1950, Mannheim 1972.