OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Novozybkov

Novozybkov (Russian: Новозы́бков; Belarusian: Навазыбкаў) is a historical town in Bryansk Oblast, Russia with a population, in 2021, of 38,680.
The city is home to a branch of the Bryansk State University.

## History

It was founded in 1701 and was granted town status in 1809.
Novozybkov was a major hemp supplier in the 18th and 19th centuries, particularly for the production of ropes for the Imperial Russian Navy. Following the Crimean War, the demand for hemp fell, and cultivation stopped altogether at the beginning of the 20th century.
During World War II, Novozybkov was occupied by the German Army from 16 August 1941 to 25 September 1943. The Jewish population of Novozybkov, about 10% of the total population, were reported to have been rounded up and executed in Karkhovskiy Forest.
On April 26, 1986, Novozybkovsky District and the neighbouring Krasnogorsky District were contaminated with radioactive fallout from the Chernobyl disaster. Today, these two areas remain the most contaminated in the Russian Federation as to the total contaminated area and the intensity of contamination (curies per km$^2$). The area not suitable for human habitation (more than 40 Ci/km$^2$ (1.5 MBq/m$^2$)) starts at 1 km west of Novozybkov city limits.

## Ecological problems

As a result of the Chernobyl disaster on April 26, 1986, part of the territory of Bryansk Oblast has been contaminated with radionuclides (mainly Gordeyevsky, Klimovsky, Klintsovsky, Krasnogorsky, Surazhsky, and Novozybkovsky Districts). In 1999, some 226,000 people lived in areas with the contamination level above 5 Ci/km$^2$ (0.19 MBq/m$^2$), representing approximately 16% of the oblast's population.

## Population

The population of Novozybkov was 38,680 (2021 Census); 40,553 (2010 Census); 43,038 (2002 Census); 44,854 (1989 Soviet census).
The population is in decline, with an average annual loss of 207 people between 1989 and 2021.

## Administrative and municipal status

Within the framework of administrative divisions, Novozybkov serves as the administrative center of Novozybkovsky District, even though it is not a part of it.
As an administrative division, it is incorporated separately as Novozybkovsky Urban Administrative Okrug—an administrative unit with the status equal to that of the districts.
As a municipal division, Novozybkovsky Urban Administrative Okrug is incorporated as Novozybkov Urban Okrug.

## Notable people

* Aleksandra Belcova (1892–1981), painter
* David Dragunsky (1910–1992), general
* Grigori Roshal (1899–1983), film director and screenwriter
* Mariya Sergeyenko (1891–1987), scholar of Roman history and philologist
* Oscar Leschinsky (1892–1919), poet, artist, Bolshevik revolutionary and commissar, executed in Dagestan
* Rostislav Alexeyev (1916–1980), designer of high-speed shipbuilding
* Samson Samsonov (1921–2002), film director and screenwriter
* Sascha Schapiro (1890–1942), Jewish Russian anarchist revolutionary
* By ancestry, Taika Waititi (1975-), New Zealand director and comedian. Waititi's great-grandfather was a Jew who emigrated from Novozbkov.
# Qaleh-ye Faramarzi

Qaleh-ye Faramarzi (Persian: قلعه فرامرزی) (also Romanized as Qal‘eh-ye Farāmarzī, Qal‘eh-ye Farāmarz, Qal‘eh Farāmuz, and Qal‘eh-ye Farāmarz) is a village in Malard Rural District, in the Central District of Malard County, Tehran Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 2,812, in 766 families.
# Battle of Ustechko

The Battle of Ustechko (Polish: Uścieczko, Turkish: Yuvaniça) (October 6, 1694) was fought during the Polish–Ottoman War (1683–1699), between the armies of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth on the one hand and of Khanate of Crimea and Ottoman Empire on the other. Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth forces under the command of Stanisław Jan Jabłonowski defeated the Tatars and Ottomans forces commanded by Şehbaz Giray.
# The Master (2005 film)

The Master (Polish: Mistrz) is a 2005 Polish magical-realist film directed by Piotr Trzaskalski and starring Konstantin Lavronenko, Jacek Braciak, Monika Buchowiec and Teresa Branna. It tells the tale of an alcoholic Russian circus performer and Afghan war veteran who is fired from a circus for releasing all the animals in a small Polish town. He is joined by an accordionist, a prostitute and a hitchhiker as they create a traveling show featuring knife-throwing and other conjuring tricks.
# Slettebakken Church

Slettebakken Church (Norwegian: Slettebakken kirke) is a parish church of the Church of Norway in Bergen Municipality in Vestland county, Norway. It is located in the Slettebakken neighborhood in Årstad borough in the city of Bergen. It is the church for the Slettebakken parish which is part of the Bergensdalen prosti (deanery) in the Diocese of Bjørgvin. The large, concrete church was built in a modern fan-shaped design in 1970 using plans drawn up by the architect Tore Sveram. The church seats about 600 people.

## History

The new parish of Slettebakken was established in 1959. During the 1960s, planning began for a new church for this parish. An architectural competition was held to find the architect for the church. It was won by Tore Sveram. The church was designed with a modern look and a unique, curved roof line that would make the church a landmark within the city. The foundation stone was laid in 1968 and it was consecrated on 20 December 1970. An organ from the J. H. Jørgensen Organ Company with 16 voices was installed in the church.
# Denis Zubko

Denis Ivanovich Zubko (Russian: Денис Иванович Зубко; born 7 November 1974) is an association football coach and a former player who played striker.

## Honours

* Russian Premier League runner-up: 1997.
* Top 33 players year-end list: 1996.

## International career

Zubko played his first game for Russia on 30 April 1997 in a 1998 FIFA World Cup qualifier against Luxembourg. He played 3 more games for the national team.
# Difeh Aqa

Difeh Aqa (Persian: ديفه اقا, also Romanized as Dīfeh Āqā; also known as Daf‘eh, Da’feh Āqā, Da’feh Raẕavī, and Da’feh-ye Āqā) is a village in Koshkuiyeh Rural District, Koshkuiyeh District, Rafsanjan County, Kerman Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 657, in 157 families.
# Michael Clifford (journalist)

Michael "Mick" Clifford is an Irish author and investigative journalist currently working as a special correspondent with the Irish Examiner. He was awarded the title "Journalist of the Year" in 2016, having won acclaim for his work in exposing the smear campaign against Irish police whistleblower Maurice McCabe by senior members of the Garda Síochána. In 2014, TV3's Tonight with Vincent Browne named him "Journalist of the Year" for his work on the McCabe story.
Clifford is a regular interviewer and interviewee on Irish television and radio. When Vincent Browne retired from his popular current affairs television programme in 2017, Clifford was tipped as one of his most likely successors. He has also stood in for Eamon Dunphy on the latter's podcast The Stand, having previously been a regular guest.
In 2018, Clifford called for an investigation into the Irish Prison Service, having claimed that "a serving prison officer has made certain claims in a sworn affidavit to the Justice Minister Charles Flanagan about methods used to stem the suspected flow of drugs and mobile phones into prisons – by prisoners and prison officers".
Clifford has written four books; the non-fiction Bertie Ahern and the Drumcondra Mafia (2012, with Shane Coleman), A Force for Justice: The Maurice McCabe Story (2018), and two crime novels; Ghost Town was published in 2012. He lives in Dublin.
Clifford attended Presentation Brothers College, Cork for the final two years of his schooling.
# Saint-Vincent-du-Pendit

Saint-Vincent-du-Pendit (French pronunciation:; Occitan: Sant Vincenç) is a commune in the Lot department in south-western France.
# Nyang'i language

Nyang'i (Nyangia) is the nearly extinct Kuliak language of the Nyangea hunter-gatherers of northeastern Uganda. The 15,000 Nyangia have shifted to speaking Karamojong.
The name is variously spelled Gyangiya, Ngangea, Ngiangeya, Nuangeya, Nyangeya, Nyangiya, Nyuangia, and is also known as Poren (Ngapore, Niporen, Nipori, Upale).

## History

According to Wiedemann & Nannyombi (2007), the Ik separated into three groups after having migrated from the north, likely modern-day Ethiopia. The three groups were: Tepes, Nyangia (who moved to the Nyang’i mountains), and Ik.
Driberg (1932) reported that the Nyangiya tribe had dwindled down to only a few hundred members who were forgetting their language even then, and preferred speaking “Dododh, a Nilo-Hamitic tongue akin to Karamojong”. Driberg states that Nyangiya is largely influenced by Dododh, and they also have a few words in common with their neighbors, the Acholi, who lived to the west. He suggests that the Acholi’s language is a purer form of Nyangiya. By 1975, it was reported by Heine that Nyang’i was only spoken by 100 people, and that most speakers had shifted to “Dodoth,” a dialect of Karamojong.
The Nyang'i and Thathi are believed to have worked together in their respective rituals of sacrifice to ensure abundant rainfall and the health and vigor of children and livestock. The Nyang'i are known as "people of the rain" because they sacrificed solely for rain to secure a good harvest. Nyang'i sacrifice sought to ensure a "period of peace," marked by rains and intensive cultivation creating a successful harvest. The Nyang'i people were known to use magic in their sacrifice.

### Last remaining speaker

Beer (2017) reports that the last remaining semi-speaker of Nyang'i is Komol Isaach. Isaach is the only semi-speaker of Nyang'i out of an ethnic group of 9,630 people (2014 Uganda census). As the time of writing, Isaach lived in Puda village on the western slopes of the Nyangea Mountains in Lobalangit Subcounty, Kaabong District, northeastern Uganda, located just to the west of the Ik-speaking areas in the same district. Isaach's primary language is Karamojong, and he also has some limited knowledge of Swahili. His parents were both Ik speakers who had switched to speaking Karamojong when he was a child. Nyang'i data was collected by Beer (2017) from Isaach in 2012 and 2014. Since Isaach is the last remaining speaker, Beer's (2017) documentation of Nyang'i is salvage work on a "contracted idiolect" rather than an actual vital language (Beer 2017: 7).
The Okuti variety of Acholi is spoken to the west of the Nyangea Mountains (the Nyang'i area), while the Napore variety of Karamojong is spoken to the east. Ethnic Nyang'i people have shifted to speaking these languages.

## Grammar

According to Driberg, there is an absence of grammatical gender in the Nyang'i language.

## Vocabulary

* Swadesh list
* List of vocabulary (pages 604-5)
# Aureilhan, Hautes-Pyrénées

Aureilhan (French pronunciation:; Occitan: Aurelhan) is a commune in the Hautes-Pyrénées department in southwestern France.

## Population

| Year | Pop. | ±% p.a. |
| 1936 | 2,668 | — |
| 1946 | 3,939 | +3.97% |
| 1954 | 4,076 | +0.43% |
| 1962 | 5,835 | +4.59% |
| 1968 | 6,782 | +2.54% |
| 1975 | 7,895 | +2.19% |
| Year | Pop. | ±% p.a. |
| 1982 | 7,590 | −0.56% |
| 1990 | 7,454 | −0.23% |
| 1999 | 7,447 | −0.01% |
| 2007 | 7,616 | +0.28% |
| 2012 | 7,992 | +0.97% |
| 2017 | 7,745 | −0.63% |
Source: EHESS and INSEE (1968-2017) :
# Noh Hyeong-ouk

Noh Hyeong-ouk (Korean: 노형욱, born 1962) is a South Korean activist and government official who has been the Minister of Land, Infrastructure and Transport since 14 May 2021. He previously served as the Minister for Government Policy Coordination from 2018 to 2020, and the 2nd Deputy Minister from 2016 to 2018.

## Education and early career

Born in Sunchang, North Jeolla, Noh attended Gwangju Jeil High School and studied political diplomacy at Yonsei University. He also obtained 2 master's degrees; one in public administration from Seoul National University while another one in international economics at Sciences Po.
He is a colleague to Kim Hyun-mee, the former and the first Minister of Land, Infrastructure and Transport under the President Moon Jae-in. Both used to be involved in student movements during the university life. He is also a junior to the former Prime Minister Lee Nak-yon.

## Career

After qualifying for the Public Administration Examination in 1986, Noh has been working at the Ministry of Economy and Finance (formerly the Ministry of Planning and Budget), where he served various positions, including the Head of the Welfare, Labour and Budget.
In 2009, he served as the Director General for Policy Planning of the Ministry of Health and Welfare. He strengthened the social safety net that was influenced by the global financial crisis.
In August 2016, Noh became the 2nd Deputy Minister for Government Policy Coordination under the then President Park Geun-hye. After Moon Jae-in was elected the new president in 2017, he remained the position until he was promoted as the Minister in 2018. He was replaced by Koo Yun-cheol in 2020.
On 16 April 2021, Noh was nominated the new Minister of Land, Infrastructure and Transport, replacing the controversial incumbent Byeon Chang-heum. He was officially appointed on 14 May.
# Stare Misto, Ukraine

Stare Misto (Ukrainian: Старе Місто, lit. 'Old town', Polish: Staremiasto, Stare Podhajce) is a village (selo) in Ternopil Raion, Ternopil Oblast. It lies on the Koropets River. Local government – Staromiska village council. It belongs to Pidhaitsi urban hromada, one of the hromadas of Ukraine. To her subordinated villages Holendra and Zahaytsi. Pop. 1,107.

## History

According to the chronicles of the church in the territory of the village Stare Misto in the 14th century there was a settlement with the church. The first written mention of Pidhaytsi is written in the 1st volume of the collection of the medieval documents in 1397.
The territory of the settlement repeatedly has undergone to frequent attacks by foreign invaders. Are known attacks of Tatars in 1516, 1620, 1621, 1633, respectively, of the Polish nobility in the 1618, of Cossacks in 1648, 1653, 1655, respectively. There was a battle between the forces of Peter Doroshenko and Jan Sobieski in the fields near Stare Misto in 1667. Even today, one can find traces of defensive walls and signs fires.
Stari Pidhaitsi was renamed into Stare Misto in 1469.
When the Stare Misto came under the Austrian power, it was already quite restored, having 116 houses in 1785.
The Village was highly developed in the 19th century, especially after the abolition of serfdom in 1848. “Prosvita”, “Sich”, “Ridna Shkola” and other societies were established in the early 20th-century. The slogans of the new-created Ukrainian National Democratic Party promoted the development of populations national consciousness.
Prior to 1990, Stare Misto belonged to Berezhany Raion Until 18 July 2020, Stare Misto belonged to Pidhaitsi Raion. The raion was abolished in July 2020 as part of the administrative reform of Ukraine, which reduced the number of raions of Ternopil Oblast to three. The area of Pidhaitsi Raion was merged into Ternopil Raion.

## Attractions

* Church of the Intercession (1854 wood)
* Church of St. George (1931, stone)
* Chapel of St. Pokrova (1995)
* "Figure" of Jesus Christ (1991) and St. Anna (1992)

## Gallery

* Church of St. George and the bell tower (1931, stone).
* Church of the Intercession (1854 wood) and cemetery.
* Chapel of St. Pokrova (1995).
# Lavazan

Lavazan (French pronunciation:; Occitan: Lavasan) is a commune in the Gironde department in Nouvelle-Aquitaine in southwestern France.
# Tomasz Latos

Tomasz Edward Latos (born 8 March 1964 in Poznań) is a Polish politician, who has been a member of the Sejm of Poland since 2005. Between 1998 and 2005, he was a Bydgoszcz City Councillor.

## Early life

He graduated from Jan and Jędrzej Śniadecki Secondary School No 6 in Bydgoszcz. Then he was a student at the Medical University in Poznań (Polish: Akadema Medyczna w Poznaniu), currently Poznan University of Medical Sciences.

## Political career
### City Councillors (1998-2005)

In 1998 election he joined the Bydgoszcz City Council III term. In 2002 election he was re-elected to the City Council (IV term) representing the 2nd district. He polled 2,274 votes and was first on the Law and Justice list (Polish: Prawo i Sprawiedliwość).

### Sejm member (since 2005)

In 2005 parliamentary election he joined the Sejm of Poland V term (lower house of the Polish parliament) representing the 4 Bydgoszcz district. He polled 10,059 votes.
In 2007 parliamentary election he was re-elected to the Sejm of Poland VI term from the 4th constituency (Bydgoszcz). He polled 17,751 votes and was second on the Law and Justice list (Prawo i Sprawiedliwość).
In 2009 European Parliament election he is a candidate of Law and Justice (Prawo i Sprawiedliwość) from Kuyavian-Pomeranian constituency.
# Ministry of Marine Economy (Poland)

Polish Ministry of Marine (or Maritime) Economy (Polish: Ministerstwo Gospodarki Morskiej) was created on 5 May 2006 during the reshuffling of the government of Kazimierz Marcinkiewicz.
The Ministry of Maritime Economy has taken over roles of other departments most notably the Ministries of Agriculture, Economy and Transportation.
Ministry of Marine Economy had an authority over:
* Overseeing of civilian navy
* Security of civilian navy
* Protection of the maritime environment
* Education of maritime crews
* Overseeing government agencies responsible for maritime matters (i.e. maritime schools and courts)
* Fishing
Creation of the ministry was criticized as being politically motivated in Polityka. because some claim that there is no need for the creation of a ministry for such a specific role.

## Abolition of the Ministry

In the new government of Donald Tusk, est. on 16 November 2007, there was no Ministry of Marine Economy, which was abolished and its competences transferred to other ministries.
A similar position of Minister of Marine Economy and Waterways (Polish: Ministerstwo Gospodarki Morskiej i Żeglugi Śródlądowej) was again created in the Cabinet of Beata Szydło (est. 16 November 2015) and also assigned to Marek Gróbarczyk.

## List of ministers

| Portrait | Name | Party | Term of Office | Term of Office | Prime Minister (cabinet) |
| | Rafał Wiechecki | LPR | 5 May 2006 | 13 August 2007 | Kazimierz Marcinkiewicz (Marcinkiewicz) Jarosław Kaczyński (Kaczyński) |
| | Marek Gróbarczyk | Nonpartisan | 13 August 2007 | 16 November 2007 | Jarosław Kaczyński (Kaczyński) |
# Epistates

An epistates (Greek: ἐπιστάτης; plural ἐπιστάται, epistatai) in ancient Greece was any sort of superintendent or overseer. In the Hellenistic kingdoms generally, an epistates is always connected with a subject district (a regional assembly), where the epistates, as resident representative of the king, exercised control and collected taxes.

## Military use

In military texts, an epistates (the one who stands behind) is the man behind a protostates (the one who stands first). The phalanx was made up of alternate ranks of protostates and epistates. Thus, in a file of eight men, the protostates were the men in positions 1, 3, 5, and 7, while the epistates occupied positions 2, 4, 6, and 8.

## New Testament usage

The word epistates is also used in "common" Koine Greek and in the Greek New Testament to refer to Christ. This word is translated into English as 'master,' but that is a simplistic translation. The word might be better understood as belonging to the set of Greek words meaning 'visitor' or 'divine visitation' (episkope), 'letter of instruction' (epistole), as well as 'guardian' or 'caretaker' (episkopos), which was a word later translated as bishop. See Luke 5:5 for an example of textual usage.
# Aslayevo, Uchalinsky District, Republic of Bashkortostan

Aslayevo (Russian: Аслаево; Bashkir: Аһылай, Ahılay) is a rural locality (a village) in Mindyaksky Selsoviet, Uchalinsky District, Bashkortostan, Russia. The population was 39 as of 2010. There is 1 street.

## Geography

Aslayevo is located 85 km southwest of Uchaly (the district's administrative centre) by road. Battalovo and Vyatsky are the nearest rural localities.
# Esperce

Esperce (French pronunciation:; Occitan: Espèrça) is a commune in the Haute-Garonne department in southwestern France.

## Geography

The commune is bordered by eight other communes, seven of them is in Haute-Garonne, and one of them is in Ariège: Lagrâce-Dieu to the north, Puydaniel and Mauressac to the northeast, Grazac to the east, Saint-Sulpice-sur-Lèze to the northwest, Gaillac-Toulza to the south, and finally by the department of Ariège to the southwest by the commune of Lézat-sur-Lèze to the southwest.
# Lugan, Aveyron

Lugan (French pronunciation:; Occitan: Luganh) is a commune in the Aveyron department in southern France.
# Taulignan

Taulignan (French pronunciation:; Occitan: Taulinhan) is a commune in the Drôme department in southeastern France.
# Park Hong-keun

Park Hong-keun (Korean: 박홍근; Hanja: 朴洪根; born 8 October 1969) is a South Korean politician in the liberal Democratic Party of Korea, presently a member of the National Assembly for Jungnang, Seoul, since 2012. Originally elected to the Assembly in the Jungnang B constituency by a margin of 854 votes—0.9 percent—over his Saenuri Party competitor, Kang Dong-ho, in the 2016 election he faced off another challenge from Kang, defeating him by a margin of 7.6 percent.
Supporting Chung Dong-young's bid in the 2007 presidential election, Park chaired the United New Democratic Party's Youth Campaign that year. He entered the Assembly in 2012. In September 2012, he submitted a legislative amendment allowing the government to rescind the licenses of businesses refusing to abide by local ordinances.
In 2013, Park attacked the Park Geun-hye government for abetting, as he saw it, Japan's resumption of a right to collective self-defense under Shinzō Abe. Subsequently, in the context of the controversy over the Chinese Air Defense Identification Zone in the East China Sea, in December that year he noted the importance of Socotra Rock, an underwater reef disputed by South Korea and China. He stated that only two thirds of the middle- and high-school textbooks he had analyzed mentioned the reef, and called for textbooks to be revised to include information on it.
Park received his undergraduate degree in Korean language at literature from Kyung Hee University, and went on to take a master's degree in public administration there. He was subsequently active in a number of civic groups, serving as co-president of the Korea Youth Corps and director of Volunteering Korea.
# Kampos, Messenia

Kampos (Greek: Κάμπος) is a village and a community in the Mani Peninsula, in Messenia in southern Greece. It was the seat of the former municipality of Avia. Kampos had 367 inhabitants in 2021. It is located at height of 350m, on the provincial road Kalamata-Areopoli, 22 km. away from Kalamata.
Kampos has primary school and a junior high school. In the village there is the Byzantine church of SS. Theodores which is known for its frescoes. Also, there is the small church of St. John with 13th-century frescoes, and the tower-house of the Koumoundouros family, in which Alexandros Koumoundouros (a 19th-century politician and prime minister of Greece) was born. Near this tower-house there is the arched Mycenaean tomb of Machaon, son of Asclepius. Above the village is the castle of Zarnata.