OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Lyon Mountain (Clinton County, New York)

Lyon Mountain is a 3,820 ft (1,160 m) mountain located in Clinton County, New York, the county’s high point. It is named for Nathaniel Lyon, an early settler of the area who moved from Vermont in 1803 and died circa 1850. The mountain is within New York's Adirondack Park.
Lyon Mountain Mountain Fire Observation Station, built in 1917, still stands atop the mountain, and can be accessed by hikers.

## Drainage

The mountain lies within the watershed of the Saint Lawrence River, and drains into the Gulf of Saint Lawrence. It’s northeast slopes drain into Chazy Lake, the source of the Great Chazy River, then Lake Champlain, which drains into Canada's Richelieu River, thence into the Saint Lawrence River. The southeast slopes drain into Smithkill Brook, thence into True Brook, the Saranac River, and Lake Champlain. The southwest end of Lyon drains into Cold Brook, thence into the North Branch of the Saranac River. The west slopes of Lyon drain into Standish Brook, thence into Middle Kiln Brook, Upper and Lower Chateaugay Lakes, the source of the Chateaugay River, which drains into the Saint Lawrence River in Canada. The northwest slopes of Lyon drain into Separator Brook, thence into Upper Chateaugay Lake.

## History

A fire lookout station was established in April 1910, without a fire tower, as the summit of Lyon Mountain was bare at that time. In 1917, the New York State Conservation Commission erected a 35-foot-tall (11 m) Aermotor LS40 steel fire lookout tower on the mountain. The tower ceased fire lookout operations at the end of the 1988 fire season. It was officially closed in early 1989, when the New York State Department of Environmental Conservation determined that airplanes were more effective for spotting fires than fire towers. The tower and surrounding land belonged to timber company Domtar until January 2005, when Domtar sold 20,000 acres (81 km$^2$) of its holdings around Lyon Mountain to The Nature Conservancy; the land has since been sold to New York State.

## Climate

Climate data for Lyon Mountain 44.7008 N, 73.8649 W, Elevation: 3,570 ft (1,088 m) (1991–2020 normals) :
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Mean daily maximum °F (°C) | 20.9 (−6.2) | 23.0 (−5.0) | 30.8 (−0.7) | 44.8 (7.1) | 57.6 (14.2) | 66.0 (18.9) | 70.3 (21.3) | 69.0 (20.6) | 63.2 (17.3) | 50.6 (10.3) | 36.3 (2.4) | 26.4 (−3.1) | 46.6 (8.1) |
| Daily mean °F (°C) | 12.5 (−10.8) | 14.3 (−9.8) | 22.3 (−5.4) | 35.3 (1.8) | 48.0 (8.9) | 56.9 (13.8) | 61.5 (16.4) | 60.2 (15.7) | 54.0 (12.2) | 42.0 (5.6) | 29.3 (−1.5) | 19.1 (−7.2) | 38.0 (3.3) |
| Mean daily minimum °F (°C) | 4.1 (−15.5) | 5.6 (−14.7) | 13.9 (−10.1) | 25.8 (−3.4) | 38.4 (3.6) | 47.9 (8.8) | 52.8 (11.6) | 51.4 (10.8) | 44.7 (7.1) | 33.4 (0.8) | 22.3 (−5.4) | 11.8 (−11.2) | 29.3 (−1.5) |
| Average precipitation inches (mm) | 3.84 (98) | 3.07 (78) | 3.62 (92) | 4.86 (123) | 5.22 (133) | 6.39 (162) | 5.69 (145) | 5.39 (137) | 5.23 (133) | 6.38 (162) | 4.20 (107) | 4.05 (103) | 57.94 (1,473) |
| Source: PRISM Climate Group ||||||||||||||
# Rechitsa, Kursk Oblast

Rechitsa (Russian: Речица) is a rural locality (Russian: село, lit. 'village') in Gorodensky Selsoviet Rural Settlement, Lgovsky District, Kursk Oblast, Russia. Population: 68 (2010 Census); 157 (2002 Census);

## Geography

The village is located on the Sukhaya Rechitsa River (a right tributary of the Seym), 56 km from the Russia–Ukraine border, 52 km west of Kursk, 13 km north-east of the district center – the town Lgov, 3.5 km from the selsoviet center – Gorodensk.

### Climate

Rechitsa has a warm-summer humid continental climate (Dfb in the Köppen climate classification).
Climate data for Rechitsa :
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | −3.9 (25.0) | −2.9 (26.8) | 3 (37) | 13.1 (55.6) | 19.4 (66.9) | 22.7 (72.9) | 25.2 (77.4) | 24.5 (76.1) | 18.2 (64.8) | 10.6 (51.1) | 3.5 (38.3) | −1 (30) | 11.0 (51.8) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | −5.9 (21.4) | −5.4 (22.3) | −0.5 (31.1) | 8.4 (47.1) | 14.8 (58.6) | 18.4 (65.1) | 20.9 (69.6) | 20 (68) | 14.1 (57.4) | 7.4 (45.3) | 1.3 (34.3) | −3 (27) | 7.5 (45.6) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | −8.3 (17.1) | −8.4 (16.9) | −4.6 (23.7) | 2.9 (37.2) | 9.2 (48.6) | 13.1 (55.6) | 15.9 (60.6) | 14.9 (58.8) | 9.8 (49.6) | 4.1 (39.4) | −1 (30) | −5.1 (22.8) | 3.5 (38.4) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 51 (2.0) | 45 (1.8) | 48 (1.9) | 51 (2.0) | 63 (2.5) | 71 (2.8) | 76 (3.0) | 55 (2.2) | 58 (2.3) | 58 (2.3) | 48 (1.9) | 49 (1.9) | 673 (26.6) |
| Source: https://en.climate-data.org/asia/russian-federation/kursk-oblast/rechitsa-654114/ ||||||||||||||

## Transport

Rechitsa is located 10 km from the road of regional importance 38K-017 (Kursk – Lgov – Rylsk – border with Ukraine) as part of the European route E38, on the road of intermunicipal significance 38H-433 (Lgov – Gorodensk – Borisovka – Rechitsa), 9.5 km from the nearest railway station Blokhino (railway line Lgov I — Kursk).
The rural locality is situated 59 km from Kursk Vostochny Airport, 140 km from Belgorod International Airport and 262 km from Voronezh Peter the Great Airport.
# Saulzet-le-Froid

Saulzet-le-Froid (French pronunciation:; Occitan: Sause lo Freid) is a commune in the Puy-de-Dôme department in Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes in central France.
# Old Hilltown, California

Old Hilltown, formerly Hill Town, is an unincorporated community in Monterey County, California. It is located on the north side of the Salinas River 3 miles (4.8 km) south-southwest of Salinas on California State Route 68, at an elevation of 46 feet (14 m), approximately two miles from Spreckels, California The name is from James Bryant Hill, one of the first settler in the area. The first European land exploration of Alta California, the Spanish Portolá expedition, camped on the Salinas River in this vicinity on September 30, 1769, having followed the river from the south for several days. From this camp, the scouts went out to survey the route ahead and saw Monterey Bay for the first time. Unsure whether the point they could see at the southern end of the bay was the "Point of Pines" described by Sebastian Vizcaino in 1602, Portola decided that the party should investigate.
Hill Town was established at a ford of the Salinas River called Paso del Quinto. Hill Town was the site of one of the first ferries on the Salinas River. The ferry operated until 1889 when a bridge was built across the river. The site is now registered as California Historical Landmark #560.

## Government

At the county level, Old Hilltown is represented on the Monterey County Board of Supervisors by Supervisor Dave Potter.
In the California State Senate, Old Hilltown is split between the 19th Senate District, represented by Democrat Monique Limón, and the 20th Senate District, represented by Democrat Caroline Menjivar. In the California State Assembly, it is split between the 29th Assembly District, represented by Democrat Robert Rivas, and the 30th Assembly District, represented by Democrat Dawn Addis.
In the United States House of Representatives, Hilltown is in California's 20th congressional district, represented by Republican Vince Fong
# Montvicq

Montvicq (French pronunciation:; Occitan: Montvic) is a commune in the Allier department in central France.
# Radchenko (urban-type settlement)

Radchenko (Russian: Ра́дченко) is an urban locality (an urban-type settlement) in Konakovsky District of Tver Oblast, Russia, located on the right bank of the Volga River (the Ivankovo Reservoir). Population: 1,537 (2010 Census); 2,089 (2002 Census); 2,562 (1989 Soviet census).

## History

The settlement was founded in 1921 to serve the Peat Experimental Station, which was later transformed into the Institute of Peat Industry. The settlement was known as TOS, an abbreviation from Peat Experimental Station. At the time, it belonged to Klinsky Uyezd of Moscow Governorate. On July 12 1929, the Governorate was abolished, and TOS was transferred to Moscow Oblast. Uyezds were abolished as well, and Zavidovsky District, with the administrative center in the urban-type settlement of Novozavidovsky, was established within Tver Okrug of Moscow Oblast. Redkino was a part of Zavidovsky District. On July 23, 1930, the okrugs were abolished, and the districts were directly subordinated to the oblast. On January 29, 1935 Kalinin Oblast was established, and Zavidovsky District was transferred to Kalinin Oblast. In 1939, TOS was granted urban-type settlement status. In November and December 1941, during World War II, TOS was occupied by German troops. On November 14, 1960 the district was abolished and merged into Konakovsky District. On February 13, 1963, during the abortive Khrushchyov administrative reform, Konakovsky District was merged into Kalininsky District, but on January 12, 1965 it was re-established.
In 1965, TOS was renamed Radchenko to commemorate Ivan Radchenko, one of the organizers of the peat industry in Russia, who used to live in the settlement. In 1990, Kalinin Oblast was renamed Tver Oblast.

## Economy
### Industry

There is a mechanical engineering plant in Radchenko.

### Transportation

The closest railway station is Redkino at the Moscow – Saint Petersburg Railway. It belongs to the Leningradsky suburban railway line and is connected by regular passenger suburban service with both Moscow (Moscow Leningradsky railway station) and Tver.
Radchenko lies on the M10 highway, which connects Moscow and St. Petersburg. There is an additional road connection to Redkino and Izoplit.
The Volga is navigable in Radchenko. Occasionally there is a ferry across the river.

## Culture and recreation

Radchenko contains one cultural heritage monument of local significance, which is the former house of Ivan Radchenko.
# La Tribune des Peuples

La Tribune des Peuples (French pronunciation:, The People's Tribune; Polish: Trybuna Ludów) was a Polish-led French-language radical and romantic nationalist political daily magazine, published in Paris between March and November 1849 - except for a hiatus caused by censorship (14 April-31 August). The founder and editor-in-chief was Adam Mickiewicz, one of the greatest Polish poets.
Among the co-workers were liberal activists and commentators of different nationalities, belonging to the émigré communities of 1848 revolutionaries. The magazine propagated ideas of international solidarity and the power of revolutions in the fight for liberation of nations and societies; it pointed out the reactionary character of the policies of Imperial Russia and the Holy See.
As a result of the intervention of the Russian embassy of Nicholas I, the headquarters of the magazine were closed by the French police force on 10 November, 1849.
Mickiewicz's contributions were collected by his son, Władysław, translated into Polish by Antoni Krasnowolski and published in Warsaw (Biblioteka Naukowa) in 1907.
The paper included the first French translation of the American author Ralph Waldo Emerson.

## Notable co-workers

* Nicolae Bălcescu
* Franciszek Ksawery Godebski
# List of Jadeja states

During the medieval and later feudal/colonial periods, many parts of western regions of the Indian subcontinent were ruled as sovereign or princely states by various houses of Jadeja dynasty.

## Salute states

| Name of state | Gun salute | District |
| Dhrol State | 9 guns | Jamnagar |
| Nawanagar State | 13 guns (15 local) | Jamnagar |
| Cutch State | 17 guns (19 local) | Kutch |
| Rajkot State | 9 guns | Rajkot |
| Gondal State | 11 guns | Rajkot |
| Morvi State | 11 guns | Morbi |

## Non-salute states

| Name of State | District |
| Khirasara | Rajkot |
| Lodhika | Rajkot |
| Vadali | Rajkot |
| Dhrafa | Jamnagar |
| Kotda Nayani | Morbi |
| Mowa | Rajkot |
| Mulila Deri | Jamnagar |
| Satodad Vavdi | Jamnagar |
| Shishang Chandli | Jamnagar |
| Virvao | Jamnagar |
| Kotda Sangani | Rajkot |
| Malia | Morbi |
| Virpur | Jamnagar |
| Gadhka | Devbhumi Dwarka |
| Gavridad | Rajkot |
| Jalia Devani | Jamnagar |
| Kotharia | Rajkot |
| Makaji Meghpar | Jamnagar |
| Mengani | Jamnagar |
| Pal | Rajkot |
| Bhadwa | Jamnagar |
| Rajpara | Jamnagar |
| Shahpur | Devbhumi Dwarka |
| Santalpur | Banaskantha |
| Kanksiali | Rajkot |
| Chadchat | Banaskantha |
# Akali Chet Singh

Jathedar Baba Chet Singh (1914–1968) was a Nihang and was 12th Jathedar of Budha Dal after Baba Sahib Ji Kaladhari. He was born in 1914 at Talwandi. His father's name was Gurdit Singh and mother was Pradhan Kaur. He was succeeded by Jathedar Santa Singh Nihang. He died in 1968 at the age of 54. His memorial is located at Damdama Sahib. Among his famous saying was Fateh Singh Ke Jathe Singh, which he use for Nihang Army.
# Lichada

Lichada (Greek: Λιχάδα, Licháda) is a village in Euboea, in central Greece. Since the 2011 local government reform it is part of the municipality Istiaia-Aidipsos, of which it is a municipal unit. The municipal unit has an area of 39.891 km$^2$. The community includes the villages Agios Georgios, Vasilina, Gregolimano, Kavos, Kokkinias and the uninhabited islands Monolia and Strongyli. Lichada is located at the western tip of Euboea. It is 10 km north of Agios Konstantinos, 16 km west of Aidipsos, 37 km east of Lamia and 75 km northwest of Chalcis. Lichada suffered damage in the 2007 Greek forest fires.

## Population

| Year | Settlement population | Community population |
| 1981 | - | 1,016 |
| 1991 | 275 | 1,153 |
| 2001 | 240 | 1,140 |
| 2011 | 181 | 1,122 |
| 2021 | 123 | 936 |
# Hoholmen Bridge

The Hoholmen Bridge (Norwegian: Hoholmen bru) is a cantilever bridge in Herøy Municipality in Nordland county, Norway. Together with the Åkviksundet Bridge, it forms the road connection between Herøy Municipality and Dønna Municipality, two neighboring island municipalities. It is located about 5 kilometres (3.1 mi) north of the village of Herøyholmen, between the small islands of Hoholmen and Kjeøya. The bridge is 316 metres (1,037 ft) long, and the main span is 120 metres (390 ft).
# Mazerolles-du-Razès

Mazerolles-du-Razès (French pronunciation: ; Occitan: Maseròlas) is a commune in the Aude department in southern France.
# Patrick Roche (athlete)

James Patrick Roche (1886 – 7 June 1917) was an Irish athlete who competed at the 1908 Summer Olympics in London for the United Kingdom. In the 100 metres, Roche won his first round heat with a time of 11.4 seconds to advance to the semifinals. He finished third in his semifinal race, not advancing to the final. With a time of 22.8 seconds, Roche won his preliminary heat of the 200 metres. In that event, he had slightly better success in the semifinals but still lost to countryman George Hawkins. Hawkins edged out Roche for the win (and the right to advance to the final); both were timed at 22.6 seconds.
Roche was born in Caherciveen, son of Stephen and Elsie Roche. He was later brought up at Cahirciveen, County Kerry.
He was killed in action in France during World War I. He had been awarded the Military Cross, and at the time of his death was serving as a Captain in the 47th Trench Mortar Battery of the Royal Field Artillery. He was buried at Kemmel Chateau Military Cemetery.
# Kur Shurab-e Alishah

Kur Shurab-e Alishah (Persian: كورشوراب عليشاه, also Romanized as Kūr Shūrāb-e ‘Alīshāh; also known as Kūr Shūrāb-e Soflá) is a village in Mamulan Rural District, Mamulan District, Pol-e Dokhtar County, Lorestan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 130, in 28 families.
# Retiro bus station

Retiro bus station (Spanish: Terminal de Ómnibus de Retiro) is the main bus terminal in Buenos Aires, Argentina. It is situated in the Retiro district, two blocks north of Retiro railway station.

## Overview

The station was commissioned in 1980 by the municipal government under Mayor Osvaldo Cacciatore. Designed by Fernando Serra, Jorge Valera, and Raúl Petrucci, the station was inaugurated in 1983. The station, nearly 400 metres (440 yd) in length, includes 75 gates and is accessible from the parking lot via five elevated walkways. Buses depart from Retiro for all parts of Argentina, and for the neighbouring countries of Uruguay, Brazil, Paraguay, Bolivia, and Chile, as well as for Lima, Peru. Buses are operated from the terminal by over 100 Argentine and foreign companies. Other services at the station include gift shops, a bar, numerous fast food concessions, a pharmacy, paramedics, a Bank of the City of Buenos Aires branch, and the Integral parcel service.
The bus station has been operated since 1993 by Teba S.A., a private company. Plans for the refurbishment of the terminal were announced in 2016.
# F & R Shanks

F & R Shanks was a coachbuilding business which flourished in 19th century central London. It began as a partnership of Robert Shanks and Robert How (How's sister married Robert Shanks). Sons of Anne How and Robert Shanks, Frederick Shanks and Robert How Shanks, took over the business in the 1850s.
The coachbuilding business was first established, where operations remained until 1905, at Great Queen Street in Lincoln's Inn Fields. Shortly before the end of the 19th century most activities were moved to Parker Street in neighbouring Long Acre where F & R Shanks manufactured motor car bodies.
There was a showroom at 30 New Bond Street.
The business closed in 1917.
See also Shanks & Bolin, Magasin Anglais
# Edd Horler

Edd Horler (born 13 February 1963) is a British bobsledder. He competed in the four man event at the 1992 Winter Olympics.
# Wat Ta Yom

Wat Ta Yom (Thai: วัดตายม) is a subdistrict (tambon) in the Bang Krathum District of Phitsanulok Province, Thailand.

## Etymology

The first element wat (Thai: วัด) means 'temple'; the second element ta (Thai: ตา) means 'eye'; the third element 'yom' (Thai: ยม) means 'weep', hence 'weeping eye temple'.

## Geography

Wat Ta Yom is bordered to the north by Nong Phra in Wang Thong District, to the north-east by Phan Chali in Wang Thong District, to the south-east by Noen Kum, and to the south-west by Phai Lom and to the north-west by Nakhon Pa Mak. The district consists of flat lowlands with no hills or forest. The majority of the land has been cleared for agricultural use. The Wat Ta Yom River flows through Wat Ta Yom. The subdistrict lies in the Nan Basin, which is part of the Chao Phraya Watershed.

## History

Wat Ta Yom became a municipality in 1999.

## Economy

The economy of Wat Ta Yom is almost entirely based on agriculture, and the chief product is rice.

## Administration

The subdistrict is divided into eight smaller divisions called (muban). There are two villages in Wat Ta Yom, one of which, Ban Wat Ta Yom, occupies multiple mubans. Wat Ta Yom is administered by a Tambon administrative organization (TAO). The muban in Wat Ta Yom are enumerated as follows:
| No. | English | Thai |
| 1 | Ban Wat Ta Yom Thai (South Ban Wat Ta Yom) | บ้านวัดตายมใต้ |
| 2-6 | Ban Wat Ta Yom (part) | บ้านวัดตายม |
| 7-8 | Ban Khok Sanam | บ้านโคกสนั่น |

## Temples

Wat Ta Yom is home to the following five temples:
* Wat Jayrin Rat (Thai: วัดเจริญราษฎร์) in Ban Wat Ta Yom
* Wat Ta Yom in South Ban Wat Ta Yom
* Wat Pracha Ram (Thai: วัดประชาราม, People's Temple) in Ban Khok Sanam
* วัดราษฎร์นิยม in Ban Wat Ta Yom
* Wat Khok Sanam (Ban Khok Sanam Village Temple) in Ban Khok Sanam
# Bikmurzino

Bikmurzino (Russian: Бикмурзино; Bashkir: Бикмырҙа, Bikmırźa) is a rural locality (a village) in Baygildinsky Selsoviet, Nurimanovsky District, Bashkortostan, Russia. The population was 150 as of 2010. There are 6 streets.

## Geography

Bikmurzino is located 33 km southwest of Krasnaya Gorka (the district's administrative centre) by road. Kargino is the nearest rural locality.
# Ding Dong Daddy

Ding Dong Daddy is a supervillain published by DC Comics, primarily as an enemy of the Teen Titans.

## Publication history

Ding Dong Daddy was created by Bob Haney and Nick Cardy, and first appeared in Teen Titans #3 (January 1966). He is based on famed hot rod enthusiast Ed Roth.

## Fictional character biography

Ding Dong Daddy is the proprietor of a custom hot rod and bike shop that hires high school dropouts. Discovering that Dowd's operation is a front for criminals, the Titans go undercover and convince his henchmen to return to school. Ding Dong Daddy later steals the Arrowcar from Speedy after Green Arrow allows him to borrow it.

## In other media

Ding Dong Daddy appears in Teen Titans, voiced by David Johansen. This version is an ally of the Brotherhood of Evil.
# Torpedinidae

The family Torpedinidae contains 22 species of electric rays or torpedoes, flat cartilaginous fishes that produce electricity as a defense and feeding mechanism. They are slow-moving bottom-dwellers.
The largest species is the Atlantic torpedo, Tetronarce nobiliana, which can grow to a weight of 90 kg (200 lb) and deliver a 220-volt electric shock. Electric rays have patches of modified muscle cells called electroplaques that make up an electric organ. These generate an electric gradient, similar to the normal electric potential across most cell membranes, but amplified greatly by its concentration into a very small area. The electricity can be stored in the tissues, which act as a battery. The shock can be discharged in pulses. A ray can emit a shock into the body of a prey animal to stun it and make it easier to capture and eat, or into the body of a predator. Tissue from electric rays is often used in neurobiological research because of its unique properties.
Torpedo rays are flat like other rays, disc-shaped, with caudal fins that vary in length. Their mouths and gill slits are located on their undersides. Males have claspers near the base of the tail. Females are ovoviviparous, meaning they form eggs but do not lay them. The young emerge from the eggs within the body of the female, and she gives live birth. The young are called pups.
The naval weapon known as the torpedo was named after this genus, whose own name has the same Latin origin as the English word torpid, meaning "sluggish" or "lethargic", presumably the sensations one would feel after experiencing the ray's electric shock.

## Species

There are 22 species in 2 genera:
* Genus Tetronarce T. N. Gill, 1862
** Tetronarce californica Ayres, 1855 (Pacific electric ray)
** Tetronarce cowleyi Ebert, D. L. Haas & M. R. de Carvalho, 2015 (Cowley's torpedo ray)
** Tetronarce fairchildi F. W. Hutton, 1872 (New Zealand torpedo)
** Tetronarce formosa D. L. Haas & Ebert, 2006 (Taiwan torpedo)
** Tetronarce macneilli Whitley, 1932 (Shorttail torpedo)
** Tetronarce nobiliana Bonaparte, 1835 (Atlantic torpedo)
** Tetronarce puelcha Lahille, 1926 (Argentine torpedo)
** Tetronarce tokionis S. Tanaka (I), 1908 (Trapezoid torpedo)
** Tetronarce tremens F. de Buen, 1959 (Chilean torpedo)
* Genus Torpedo Forsskål, 1775
** Torpedo adenensis M. R. de Carvalho, Stehmann & Manilo, 2002 (Aden Gulf torpedo)
** Torpedo alexandrinsis Mazhar, 1987 (Alexandrine torpedo)
** Torpedo andersoni Bullis, 1962 (Florida torpedo)
** Torpedo bauchotae Cadenat, Capapé & Desoutter, 1978 (Rosette torpedo)
** Torpedo fuscomaculata W. K. H. Peters, 1855 (Black-spotted torpedo)
** Torpedo mackayana Metzelaar, 1919 (Ringed torpedo)
** Torpedo marmorata A. Risso, 1810 (Marbled electric ray)
** Torpedo microdiscus Parin & Kotlyar, 1985 (Smalldisk torpedo)
** Torpedo panthera Olfers, 1831 (Leopard torpedo)
** Torpedo semipelagica Parin & Kotlyar, 1985 (Semipelagic torpedo)
** Torpedo sinuspersici Olfers, 1831 (Variable torpedo or Gulf torpedo)
** Torpedo suessii Steindachner, 1898
** Torpedo torpedo (Linnaeus, 1758) (Common torpedo)