OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Stri Purush Tulana

Stri Purush Tulana (Hindi:स्त्रीपुरुषतुलना) (A comparison between men and women) is a pamphlet/book written by feminist activist Tarabai Shinde. Born in the Berar province of Buldhana (present day Maharashtra), Shinde was a writer who protested against patriarchy and the caste system. She was a member of the Satyashodhak Samaj and an associate of Savitribai Phule and Jyotirao Phule. The pamphlet was originally published in Marathi in 1882. The literary work critiques patriarchy as well as the gender and caste systems in 19th-century India. It is also considered the first modern feminist text in India. Shinde questions the position of women in the society and their rights.

## Description and analysis

Stri Purush Tulana was a reaction to a newspaper article in Pune Vaibhav, an orthodox newspaper which supported the caste and gender system. The article was written attacking a young Brahmin widow Vijayalakshmi who was sentenced for execution for aborting her illegitimate child fearing public disgrace and ostracism. The article also criticized women in general, for their changing morals and behavior. Shinde reacted firmly against this through her work. Though the book received negative views from the society, Jyotirao Phule appreciated Shinde's work and also referenced it in his magazine, 'Satsar'
Stri Purush Tulana, when published in 1882, remained virtually unknown but later became known after it was republished in 1975 by S.G Malshe.
The book starts by Shinde questioning the Gods.
   Let me ask you something, Gods! You are supposed to be omnipotent and freely accessible to all. You are said to be completely impartial. What does that mean? That you have never been known to be partial. But wasn't it you who created both men and women? Then why did you grant happiness only to men and brand women with nothing but agony? Your will was done! But poor women have had to suffer for it down the ages.
The book also criticizes the caste system, patriarchy, denial of education to women, polygamy, ban on widow remarriage and many other practices which opposed women.
# Mesangylon

The mesangylon (Greek: μεσάγκυλον) was a javelin with a strap (Greek: ἀγκύλη) for throwing it by. Its name is attested, among others, in the works of Euripides, Polybius and Arrian. It is one of the weapons used in Alexander's experimental phalanx.
# Bakal, Russia

Bakal (Russian: Бака́л) is a town in Satkinsky District of Chelyabinsk Oblast, Russia, located on the western slopes of the Ural Mountains on the Chelyabinsk–Ufa railway branch, 264 kilometers (164 mi) west from Chelyabinsk, the administrative center of the oblast. Population: 20,940 (2010 Census); 22,314 (2002 Census); 24,101 (1989 Soviet census).

## History

It was founded in 1757 as a settlement of serfs resettled to man new Bakal iron ore mines owned by the association of Ivan and Yakov Tverdyshev and Ivan Myasnikov.
During 1941–1943, a gulag labor camp existed in the area known as Bakal ITL ("Bakal Corrective Labor Camp"), Bakallag (Бакаллаг, abbr. for "Bakal camp") or Bakalstroy of NKVD (Бакалстрой, abbr. for "Bakal construction"), with headquarters in Chelyabinsk. Its main occupations were the construction of a metallurgic, coke, and other plants, logging, and mining. Its peak inmate count was about 4,200. In addition, Bakalstroy was manned by Germans (with the peak count of over 27,000 as of January 1942).
Town status was granted to Bakal on October 25, 1951.

## Administrative and municipal status

Within the framework of administrative divisions, it is, together with four rural localities, incorporated within Satkinsky District as the Town of Bakal. As a municipal division, the Town of Bakal is incorporated within Satkinsky Municipal District as Bakalskoye Urban Settlement.

## Economy

The town's main enterprise is public company "Bakal Mining Administration" (ОАО "Бакальское рудоуправление", Bakalskoye rudoupravleniye, commonly referred by its abbreviation "БРУ", BRU). The bureaucratic-style name is inherited from the Soviet times.
# Marcillat-en-Combraille

Marcillat-en-Combraille (French pronunciation:; Occitan: Marcilhac) is a commune in the Allier department in central France.
# Hejtmánkovice

Hejtmánkovice (German: Hauptmannsdorf) is a municipality and village in Náchod District in the Hradec Králové Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 600 inhabitants.
# Christopher Butler (bishop)

Christopher Butler OSB (7 May 1902 – 20 September 1986), born Basil Butler, was a convert from the Church of England to the Roman Catholic Church, a Bishop, a scholar, and a Benedictine Monk.
After his Solemn Profession as a Monk and his Ordination as a Roman Catholic priest, he became the 7th Abbot of Downside Abbey, the Abbot President of the English Benedictine Congregation, an auxiliary bishop of Westminster, an internationally respected scripture scholar, a consistent defender of the priority of the Gospel according to Matthew, and the pre-eminent English-speaking Council Father at the Second Vatican Council (1962–65).

## Religious life

Butler attended Reading School before studying at St John's College, Oxford. He then taught for a year at Brighton College.
In 1928 Butler, having previously been baptized in the Church of England, was received into full communion with the Roman Catholic Church. The next year, he became a monk of the Benedictine community of Downside Abbey, a House of the English Benedictine Congregation, and was ordained priest there in 1933. In 1946 the community elected him as their Abbot, which he remained for twenty years until his consecration in 1966 as Titular Bishop of Nova Barbara and Auxiliary Bishop to Cardinal John Carmel Heenan in the Archdiocese of Westminster.

## Scholarly career

Butler's wide-reaching interests and competence included theology, spirituality, contemplative prayer, ecumenism, the Church Fathers and the dialogue with contemporaries such as Bernard Lonergan. He wrote The Church and Infallibility: A Reply to the Abridged 'Salmon', in response to George Salmon's criticism of papal infallibility and the infallibility of the Church.
Defending, like his predecessor Abbot John Chapman and his fellow-monks, Dom Bernard Orchard and Dom Gregory Murray, the traditionally-maintained priority of the Gospel according to Matthew, Butler published a critique of the two-document hypothesis and a study of the indebtedness of the Gospel according to Luke to the Gospel according to Matthew (cf. Synoptic Problem).

## Role at Vatican II

It was in his capacity as Abbot President (1961–66) of the English Benedictine Congregation and as an outstanding scripture scholar, that Butler was called to Rome to participate in Vatican II (1962–1965). He was one of maybe two dozen "men who made the Council", contributing, often in fluent Latin, to many of the council's documents, e.g. The Dogmatic Constitution on Divine Revelation (Dei verbum) which he regarded as their very underpinning, and subsequently was a strong proponent of the teachings of Vatican II.

## Publications

Butler was a prolific writer, a bibliography of his books, articles and reviews running to some 337 titles. He was a popular guest on the BBC's radio programmes.
# Vladimir Voronkov

Vladimir Petrovich Voronkov (Russian: Владимир Петрович Воронков; 20 March 1944 – 25 September 2018) was a Russian cross-country skier who competed in the late 1960s and early 1970s, training at the Armed Forces sports society in Moscow. He won the 4 x 10 km gold at the 1972 Winter Olympics in Sapporo for the USSR. Voronkov also finished 4th in the 30 km event at the 1968 Winter Olympics in Grenoble
He also won a gold medal at the 1970 FIS Nordic World Ski Championships in the 4 x 10 km relay.
# Canoeing at the 2023 Pan American Games – Women's C-2 500 metres

The women's C-5 500 metres competition of the canoeing events at the 2023 Pan American Games was held on November 4 at the Laguna Grande in San Pedro de la Paz, Chile.

## Schedule

| Date | Time | Round |
| November 4, 2023 | 10:00 | Final |

## Results

The results were as follows:
| Rank | Name | Nation | Time |
| | Sloan MacKenzie Katie Vincent | Canada | 1:54.26 |
| | María Mailliard Paula Gómez | Chile | 1:54.43 |
| | Madison Velásquez Manuela Gómez | Colombia | 1:59.10 |
| 4 | Azusa Murphy Andreea Ghizila | United States | 2:02.60 |
| 5 | Yarisleidis Cirilo Yisnoly López | Cuba | 2:03.58 |
| 6 | Neida Angulo Anggie Avegno | Ecuador | 2:04.00 |
| 7 | Tais Trimarchi Martina Vela | Argentina | 2:17.72 |
# Qeshlaq-e Nowruz

Qeshlaq-e Nowruz (Persian: قشلاق نوروز, also Romanized as Qeshlāq-e Nowrūz, Qeshlāq-e Now Rūz, Qeshlāq Nowrūz, and Qishlāq Naurūz) is a village in Howmeh Rural District, in the Central District of Bijar County, Kurdistan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 517, in 106 families. The village is populated by Kurds.
# Vahid Bahreh Bardari Lab Sefid

Vahid Bahreh Bardari Lab Sefid (Persian: واحدبهره برداري لب سفيد, also Romanized as Vāḥid Bahreh Bardārī Lab Sefīd) is a village in Shahi Rural District, Sardasht District, Dezful County, Khuzestan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 122, in 31 families.
# Kiglapait Mountains

The Kiglapait Mountains lie north of Nain, in northern Labrador, south of the Torngat and Kaumajet Mountains. Not as high as those ranges, they still boast very rugged terrain and many peaks with high prominence values. The name means "dog-tooth."
Highest Peaks of the Kiglapait Mountains :
| Rank | Name | m | ft |
| 1 | Man O'War Peak | 1050 | 3445 |
| 2 | Peak 3400 (14E/2) | 1036+ | 3400+ |
| 3 | Peak 3300 (14E/1) | 1006+ | 3300+ |
| 4 | Peak 3300 (14E/2) | 1006+ | 3300+ |
| 5 | Peak 3200 (14E/1) | 975+ | 3200 |
| 6 | Peak 3100 (14E/1) | 945+ | 3100+ |
| 7 | Peak 3000#1 (14D/16) | 914+ | 3000+ |
| 8 | Aupalukitak Mountain | 914+ | 3000+ |
| 9 | Mount Thoresby | 914+ | 3000+ |
| 10 | Peak 3000#2 (14D/16) | 914+ | 3000+ |
# Prémilhat

Prémilhat (French pronunciation:; Occitan: Premilhac) is a commune in the Allier department in Auvergne in central France. It is around 5 km south-west of Montluçon.

## International relations

Prémilhat is twinned with the Irish town of Templemore.
# Čaková

Čaková (German: Friedersdorf) is a municipality and village in Bruntál District in the Moravian-Silesian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 300 inhabitants.
# Bulansaz

Bulansaz (Russian: Булансаз; Bashkir: Боланһаҙ, Bolanhaź) is a rural locality (a village) in Michurinsky Selsoviet, Sharansky District, Bashkortostan, Russia. The population was 104 as of 2010. There are 2 streets.

## Geography

Bulansaz is located 16 km northeast of Sharan (the district's administrative centre) by road. Michurinsk is the nearest rural locality.
# Zhengxu Zhao

Zhengxu Zhao FRSA (Chinese: 赵正旭; born February 1960, in Qingdao) is a Chinese engineer and computer scientist.
He was educated with a BSc and MSc in Engineering at Shandong University, China, and PhD in Computing at University of Staffordshire, UK, and has held academic leadership posts in the UK and the People's Republic of China. He is a Fellow of the Royal Society of Arts since 2015.
After his PhD from the CNAA (UK) in 1992, and three years following his postdoctoral work at the University of Newcastle, he was appointed at the age of 35, Chair & full Professor of Applied Computing at the University of Derby in the UK. Over a 16-year period there, he was also Department Chair in Computing and Chair of Academic Board and thereafter conferred a Doctor of Science on the basis of his personal academic and research achievements in Information Technology and Applied Computing. He had also hold the Cheung Kong Professorship (Changjiang Scholars Program) in Instrumentation Science & Engineering between 2001 and 2007 at Southeast University.
Between October 2008 and September 2014, he was the founder and Dean of Faculty of Computing Science & Technology at Shijiazhuang Tiedao University, where he had built the faculty from a near nil base to its current state of six Schools (including Computer Science, Digital Media, Informatics and Controls, Software Engineering, Networks Systems & Technology, Online Teaching & Learning) with courses ranging from undergraduate to postgraduate at BSc, MSc and PhD levels. Since October 2014, he has been the assistant Vice-Chancellor in charge of Teaching & Research and Computing & Information Technology.
He is a senior member of British Computer Society and IEEE, a British Charted Engineer (CEng) and Chartered IT Professional, and a senior technical advisor to the United Nations Development Programme. Since 2008, he has been a Chief Scientist in Mission Control Systems at Beijing Aerospace Command and Control Center and had participated more than twelve Chinese national space projects and mission control tasks of the Chinese Lunar Exploration Program, and Shenzhou Manned Spaceship Mission Programs. He is therefore recognized as The Technical Founder of China's Space Mission Visualization and is honored and credited in the national media as "Chang'e Artist". He has over 270 research publications, conference presentations, five books and two patents to his credit and has supervised more than 60 PhD students and has examined nearly a hundred of PhD theses. He has been the recipient of numerous research grants, prizes and awards from academic bodies and organizations in the UK, USA, and China.
# Silesian Mountain Railway

The Silesian Mountain Railway (Polish: Śląska Kolej Górska; German: Schlesische Gebirgsbahn) is a railway line in south-west Poland. It leads from Görlitz/Zgorzelec on the Lusatian Neisse via Jelenia Góra to Wałbrzych in Lower Silesia.
The first plans for connection of Görlitz with Waldenburg (Wałbrzych) via Hirschberg (Jelenia Góra) and further to Glatz (Kłodzko) appeared in 1853. The Kingdom of Prussia intended to build a direct railway link from Berlin to Vienna, bypassing the Kingdom of Saxony. However, the Austrian Empire did not favor a construction major railway line running parallel to its border.
As the industrialization of Germany progressed, the original plan was reconsidered several years later. On 24 September 1862, the Prussian parliament approved the construction of a railway line from Görlitz to Waldenburg with a branch line to Kohlfurt (Węgliniec). The line was built stepwise; the last section was opened on 16 August 1867. The first section was electrified by 1915. Due to the First World War, the electrification was not finished until 1 September 1923.
The railway was one of the first German electrified lines. Before the Second World War, it was used to transport vast amounts of Silesian hard coal to Saxony and the Province of Brandenburg. The railway was included in Polish territory in 1945 according to the post-war Potsdam Agreement.
# 38th SS Grenadier Division Nibelungen

The 38th SS Grenadier Division Nibelungen (German: 38. SS-Grenadier-Division "Nibelungen") was a World War II infantry division of the Waffen-SS, the military wing of the German Nazi Party. Formed in April 1945, it was the last Waffen-SS division created during the war.

## History

The 38th SS-Grenadier Division 'Nibelungen' was formed in April 1945 from the Junker School in Bad Tölz, Bavaria with three SS grenadier regiments. The division consisted of personnel drawn from the 6th SS Mountain Division Nord, 7th SS Volunteer Mountain Division Prinz Eugen, and 30th Waffen Grenadier Division of the SS (1st Belarusian). There were also two battalions of border guards, an element of the Reichsführer-SS escort battalion, and a cadre of local Hitler Youth.
The division reached a strength of around 5,000 men, with the divisional battalions available in platoon or company strength. On 16 April 1945 the 6th SS Anti-Tank Battalion of 6th SS Mountain Division Nord was reorganised as the 38th SS Anti-Tank Battalion and incorporated into the new division. The SS Artillery Training Regiment in Benešov was reorganised as the 38th SS Artillery Regiment and incorporated shortly thereafter.
On 17 April 1945, the division moved to Titisee-Neustadt in Gau Württemberg-Hohenzollern, and then to Dachau, Bavaria without any previous training in the divisional framework. Here the units of the division were assigned to the XIII SS Army Corps and relocated to the Danube Front, where they arrived on 21 April. The next day, American troops captured Neumarkt in der Oberpfalz in the Upper Palatinate and pushed German units back onto the Danube, where they still held bridgeheads. Here the division was reinforced by a light artillery division of the 26th Waffen Grenadier Division of the SS (2nd Hungarian).
Until 28 April, the division offered fierce resistance to the advancing Americans, before the bulk of XIII SS Army Corps moved south towards Landshut, where the new defensive front was formed as the Isar river. A combat group made up of members of the French SS Grenadier Training and Replacement Battalion joined the division in Moosburg an der Isar. At the beginning of May, the division withdrew via Wasserburg am Bodensee and Lake Chiemsee towards Traunstein, only to surrender to American troops on 8 May 1945 in Reit im Winkl.

## Composition

The following units served in the division:
* Divisional Staff
* 38th SS Signal Company
* 95th SS Grenadier Regiment
* 96th SS Grenadier Regiment
* 97th SS Grenadier Regiment
* 2 x Border Guard Battalions
* Reichsführer-SS Escort Battalion
* Hitler Youth Division
* 38th SS Artillery Regiment
* 38th SS Anti-Tank Division
* 38th SS Engineer Company
* 38th SS Divisional Supply Troops

## Commanders

Commanders of the division included:
* Standartenführer Hans Kempin (1 March 1945 – 27 March 1945)
* Obersturmbannführer Richard Schulze-Kossens (27 March 1945 – 12 April 1945)
* Standartenführer Martin Stange (12 April 1945 – surrender)
# Rare sugar

A rare sugar is a sugar that occurs in limited quantities in nature. Rare sugars can be made using enzymes, choosing which enzymes to use if you know the substrate can be aided by the Izumoring-strategy.
Specific examples of rare sugars are:
* Allulose
* Allose
* Sorbose
* Tagatose
# Vřesina (Opava District)

Vřesina (German: Wreschin, Polish: Wrzesin) is a municipality and village in Opava District in the Moravian-Silesian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 1,700 inhabitants. It is part of the historic Hlučín Region.

## Geography

Vřesina is located about 20 kilometres (12 mi) east of Opava and 13 km (8 mi) north of Ostrava. It lies in the Opava Hilly Land. The highest point is at 285 m (935 ft) above sea level.
In the northern part of the municipality is the Dařenec Nature Reserve. It has an area of 32.7 ha (81 acres) and the object of protection is the unique natural forest.

## History

The first written mention of Vřesina is from 1270, when the village became property of the monastery in Velehrad.

## Demographics

| Year | Pop. | ±% |
| 1869 | 368 | — |
| 1880 | 406 | +10.3% |
| 1890 | 442 | +8.9% |
| 1900 | 471 | +6.6% |
| 1910 | 506 | +7.4% |
| Year | Pop. | ±% |
| 1921 | 617 | +21.9% |
| 1930 | 670 | +8.6% |
| 1950 | 796 | +18.8% |
| 1961 | 1,069 | +34.3% |
| 1970 | 1,170 | +9.4% |
| Year | Pop. | ±% |
| 1980 | 1,262 | +7.9% |
| 1991 | 1,261 | −0.1% |
| 2001 | 1,315 | +4.3% |
| 2011 | 1,450 | +10.3% |
| 2021 | 1,608 | +10.9% |
Source: Censuses :

## Transport

There are no railways or major roads passing through the municipality.

## Sights

There are no protected cultural monuments in the municipality.
The main landmark of Vřesina is the Church of Saint William of Gellone. It is a modern church built in 1930.

## Twin towns – sister cities

Vřesina is twinned with:
* Kornowac, Poland
# Tarabel

Tarabel (French pronunciation:; Occitan: Tarabèl) is a commune in the Haute-Garonne department in southwestern France. It has a primary school and its iconic brick castle situated near the church. The town's wealth a prestige reached its apogee in the early 16th century. It also played a minor role in the Albigensian Crusades.
# Order of the Cross of Grunwald

The Order of the Cross of Grunwald (Polish: Order Krzyża Grunwaldu) was a military decoration created in Poland in November 1943 by the High Command of Gwardia Ludowa, a World War II Polish resistance movement organised by the Polish Workers Party. On 20 February 1944 it was confirmed by the State National Council and on 22 December by the Polish Committee of National Liberation and further confirmed on 17 February 1960 by the government of the People's Republic of Poland.
The Order of the Cross of Grunwald was conferred to Polish or the allied military for valour or merit in combat with Nazi Germany. After the end of the Second World War it continued to be awarded for merit in commanding or outstanding contribution to the development of the Polish Armed Forces. It was disestablished by the President of Poland via Parliament in 1992.
# Ivanayevo

Ivanayevo (Russian: Иванаево; Bashkir: Иванай, İvanay) is a rural locality (a selo) and the administrative centre of Takarlikovsky Selsoviet, Dyurtyulinsky District, Bashkortostan, Russia. The population was 1,584 as of 2010. There are 27 streets.

## Geography

Ivanayevo is located 3 km northwest of Dyurtyuli (the district's administrative centre) by road. Dyurtyuli is the nearest rural locality.
# Serixia paradoxoides

Serixia paradoxoides is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Stephan von Breuning in 1958. It is known from Borneo.
# AE Giannena F.C.

AE Giannena (Greek: Αθλητική Ένωση Γιάννενα) is a football club based in Ioannina, Greece. It was founded in 2004. The club was the winner of 5th Group of Delta Ethniki in 2005 and was promoted to Gamma Ethniki for first time in its history. AE Giannena remained two seasons in Gamma Ethniki and since then the club relegated to the local divisions.

## Stadium and facilities

AE Giannena normally plays in Panepirotan National Athletic Center but the team use Zosimades, the main stadium in Ioannina.

## Honours

* Delta Ethniki: 2005
# Palmdale (disambiguation)

Palmdale is an incorporated city in Los Angeles County and California's 2nd largest desert city, after Lancaster, California.
Palmdale may also refer to:

## Places
### Australia

* Palmdale, New South Wales, a suburb on the Central Coast of New South Wales
* Palmdale, Western Australia, a locality of the City of Albany

### United States

* Palmdale, Florida, an unincorporated area in Glades County, near Lake Okeechobee
* Palmdale, Minnesota, an unincorporated area in Chisago County, near the Wisconsin state line
* Palmdale, Pennsylvania, an unincorporated area in Dauphin County, near Hershey
* Palmdale, California, a city in Los Angeles County, near Santa Clarita

## Airports

* Palmdale Regional Airport, a commercial passenger airport in Palmdale, California
* Plant 42, a military installation in Palmdale, California

## Music

* "Palmdale", from the album Sell Your Dope by Afroman
* Palmdale, a band formed in 2010 by Kay Hanley and Kevin Dotson
# Fontanès-de-Sault

Fontanès-de-Sault (French pronunciation: ; Occitan: Fontanes) is a commune in the Aude department in southern France.