OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Norwegian Front

The Norwegian Front (Norwegian: Norsk Front, NF) was a neo-fascist extraparliamentary political party in Norway founded in 1975, led by Erik Blücher as fører. Following a bomb attack by an activist from the party, the NF was dissolved in 1979 and succeeded by the National People's Party (Nasjonalt Folkeparti, NF), which itself was dissolved in 1991 after several leading members had received long prison sentences following another bomb attack. The NF had around 1,400 members at its peak.

## History
### Norwegian Front

The NF was founded in 1975 as a successor to the minor National Youth League (Nasjonal Ungdomsfylking, NUF), affiliated with former members of Nasjonal Samling. It was founded by a young generation of neo-Nazis, nationalists and anti-communists, and areas of focus included opposition to immigration, fight against the Workers' Communist Party as well as "American finance capital", and Holocaust denial. After being prevented from registering publicly as a political party, and following repeated attacks from anti-fascists, the group turned towards violence and terrorism which garnered much media attention.
The party had links to the French National Front and the World Anti-Communist League (WACL). The 12th WACL general conference in Paraguay in 1979 was attended by a delegate from the party, whose journey was reportedly subsidised by the leader of the Arab delegation Sheikh Ahmed Salah Jamjoom. Some members of the party reportedly fought for Rhodesia in the Rhodesian Bush War.
The NF was dissolved in 1979 after an activist from the group threw a homemade bomb against the annual May Day demonstration, leaving two people wounded.

### National People's Party

Not long after, the party was succeeded by the National People's Party; the two parties effectively the same. Opposition to immigration became its main focus. Blücher however stepped down as leader in 1981 to pursue extreme-right connections abroad. On 13 June 1985, a young activist from the party detonated a bomb outside an Oslo Ahmadiyya mosque. Several of the party's leading members received prison sentences in the aftermath of the bombing for various activist offences. The party was dissolved in 1991, and remaining members were encouraged to join the Fatherland Party.
# John Davy (chemist)

John Davy FRS FRSE (24 May 1790 – 24 January 1868) was a Cornish doctor, amateur chemist, brother of the noted chemist Sir Humphry Davy, and cousin of Edmund Davy.
During his career, Davy discovered phosgene, silicon tetrafluoride, and concluded that chlorine was an element.

## Life

John Davy was born in Penzance, Cornwall, on 24 May 1790, the son of Robert Davy and his wife, Grace Millet.
He assisted his older brother Humphry at the Royal Institution of Great Britain for two years before heading to Edinburgh University, where he earned his degree in medicine in 1814.
In 1812, Davy discovered phosgene, a compound he also named. At the same time, he concluded that chlorine was an element. He also discovered silicon tetrafluoride.
Upon qualification as a doctor in 1815, Davy joined the British Army Medical Department as an Army Hospital Assistant. From 1816 until 1820 he worked as Staff Surgeon in the General Hospital in Brussels. After being posted to a number of British colonies, including India and Ceylon, he was elevated to the rank of Inspector General of Army Hospitals in the West Indies in 1862, based around Barbados.
In 1834 he was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society. From 1836 to 1840 he produced nine volumes on the collected works of his brother. In 1842 he was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh, his proposer being Thomas Charles Hope.
In 1863 he discovered that eggshells have about 8,000 pores that are large enough for oxygen to flow in and carbon dioxide to flow out by pumping pressurized air into an underwater egg and watching thousands of tiny bubbles appear on the surface of the shell.
Davy returned to England, and moved to the Lake District where he died at Lasketh-How near Ambleside on 24 January 1868.

## Selected writings

* Davy, John (1821). An Account of the Interior of Ceylon, and of Its Inhabitants: With Travels in that Island. London: Longman, Hunt, Rees, Orme, and Brown. john davy.
* Davy, John (1839). Researches, physiological and anatomical. London: Smith, Elder, and Company. john davy.
* Davy, John (1839–1840). The Collected Works of Sir Humphry Davy. Bristol: Thoemmes Press.- published in nine volumes
* Davy, John (1855). The Angler and His Friend: Or, Piscatory Colloquies and Fishing Excursions. London: Longman, Brown, Green, and Longmans. john davy.
For Rees's Cyclopædia he contributed articles about Chemistry, but the topics are not known.
# Altun-e Sofla

Altun-e Sofla (Persian: آلتون سفلی, also Romanized as Altūn-e Soflá) is a village in Sara Rural District, in the Central District of Saqqez County, Kurdistan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 322, in 58 families. The village is populated by Kurds.
# Ripley machine gun

The Ripley Machine Gun was a volley gun, an early precursor of the machine gun, which was patented in 1861 by Ezra Ripley. Although it is likely that it was never actually produced, it demonstrated a number of basic concepts that were employed in the design of the Gatling Gun that was patented the following year.

## Method of action

The design, as patented, consists of nine fixed barrels attached to a limbers and caissons. The weapon was loaded with a cylinder containing nine rounds of ammunition, arranged so that the rounds lined up with the barrels of the weapon. A firing handle was then attached, which locked the cylinder into place.
The weapon was fired by rotating the handle, with the barrels firing in sequence. By rotating the handle quickly a high rate of fire could be achieved, or slowly, single shots. Once the nine rounds of ammunition in the chamber were expended, the cylinder could be removed for reloading and a fresh cylinder could be inserted into the breech.
The weapon was probably never built, and was passed over in favor of volley guns like the Billinghurst Requa Battery.
# Dirang

Dirang is a village in the district of West Kameng in the Indian state of Arunachal Pradesh.
Dirang is one of the 60 constituencies of Legislative Assembly of Arunachal Pradesh. As of August 2019, Phurpa Tsering is the current MLA of Dirang.
# Yordanka Donkova

Yordanka Lyubchova Donkova (Bulgarian: Йорданка Любчова Донкова; born 28 September 1961) is a Bulgarian former hurdling athlete, notable for winning an Olympic gold medal and bronze medal as well as nine medals at European indoor and outdoor championships. Donkova set four 100 m hurdles world records in 1986. Her fifth world record, a time of 12.21 set in 1988, stood for almost 28 years until broken in 2016 by Kendra Harrison.
In total, Donkova has 16 medals from major athletics tournaments.

## Personal life

Donkova suffered a childhood accident, which resulted in her losing two fingers on her right hand. She has three children. In 1991 she gave birth to a son, Zhivko Atanasov - professional football player, currently playing for Cherno More; twin girls Daniela and Desislava followed in 1996.
After the 1988 Seoul Olympics, Donkova received an offer to compete for the United States, but refused to change her national allegiance and continued to represent Bulgaria.

## Major achievements

Five-time Bulgarian National Champion at 100 m hurdles, 1980, 82, 84, 86 & 94.
| Year | Competition | Venue | Position | Event | Notes |
| Representing Bulgaria ||||||
| 1980 | Olympic Games | Moscow, Soviet Union | semi-final | 100 m hurdles | 13.39 sec |
| 1982 | European Indoor Championships | Milan, Italy | 3rd | 60 m hurdles | 8.03 |
| 1982 | European Championships | Athens, Greece | 2nd | 100m hurdles | 12.54 (wind: 0.4 m/s) |
| 1982 | European Championships | Athens, Greece | 4th | 4 × 100 m relay | 43.10 |
| 1984 | European Indoor Championships | Gothenburg, Sweden | 3rd | 60 m hurdles | 8.09 |
| 1986 | European Championships | Stuttgart, West Germany | 1st | 100 m hurdles | 12.38 (wind: -0.7 m/s) CR |
| 1986 | European Championships | Stuttgart, West Germany | 2nd | 4 × 100 m | 42.68 |
| 1987 | European Indoor Championships | Lievin, France | 1st | 60 m hurdles | 7.79 |
| 1987 | World Indoor Championships | Indianapolis, U.S. | 2nd | 60 m hurdles | 7.85 |
| 1987 | World Championships | Rome, Italy | 4th | 100 m hurdles | 12.49 |
| 1988 | Olympic Games | Seoul, South Korea | 1st | 100 m hurdles | 12.38 |
| 1988 | Olympic Games | Seoul, South Korea | 5th | 4 × 100 m | 43.02 |
| 1989 | European Indoor Championships | The Hague, Netherlands | 1st | 60 m hurdles | 7.87 |
| 1992 | European Indoor Championships | Genoa, Italy | 3rd | 60 m hurdles | 8.03 |
| 1992 | Olympic Games | Barcelona, Spain | 3rd | 100 m hurdles | 12.70 |
| 1994 | European Indoor Championships | Paris, France | 1st | 60 m hurdles | 7.85 |
| 1994 | European Championships | Helsinki, Finland | 3rd | 100 m hurdles | 12.93 (wind: -1.7 m/s) |
CR = Championship Record

## World records

Donkova set five world records for the 100 metres hurdles:
* 12.36 sec - 13 August 1986 (equalling the record of Grażyna Rabsztyn)
* 12.35 sec - 17 August 1986
* 12.29 sec - 17 August 1986
* 12.26 sec - 7 September 1986
* 12.21 sec - 20 August 1988 (the world record stood until 22 July 2016)
# Yasno Pole

Yasno Pole (Bulgarian: Ясно поле) is a village in Southern Bulgaria, located in Plovdiv Province, Maritsa Municipality. As of the Bulgarian 2020 June census, the village had a population of 628 people.

## Geography

Yasno Pole Village is located in the Upper Thracian Plain, 24 kilometers to the northeast of Plovdiv. The elevation above sea level of the village is 144 meters. The approximate land mass is 1080 hectares.

### History

Yasno Pole was established in 1887 under the original name of "Chakure". The first written sources that mention the village date back to 1887 in a National newspaper.
In 1934, the village was renamed from Chakure to Yasno Pole, the name it bears now.

### Infrastructure

In 1936, the village received a good enough infrastructural improvement to be electrified.
The local church "Sveti Arhangel Mihail" was built in 1895. It was severely damaged during the 1928 earthquake but was rebuilt and used to this day.
The school in Yasno Pole village was first organized in the backyard of the church. It started around 1885. In 1962 the building of the current edifice started.
There is also a community hall in the village, named "Vasil Levski", after the Bulgarian revolutionary Vasil Levski. It was built during 1936.

## Notable people

* Hristo Stoichkov – a renowned Bulgarian football player.
* Yordan Ivanov – Equestrian champion.
# TenTemPiés

TenTemPiés is an international collective of musicians based in Amsterdam, Netherlands. Formed during the summer of 2008, their music is an energetic blend of Latin rock with ska and reggae.

## Discography
### Albums

* A Mi Propio Paso (2017)
* Rebelucionario (Patiperro Records / PIAS Rough Trade, 2014)
* Canto Para Gritar (Patiperro Records, 2011)

### EP's

* A Casa Tierra (Patiperro Records, 2013)
* Por Ahora (Patiperro Records, 2010)
* TenTemPiés (Patiperro Records, 2009)

### Singles

* Dame Tu Mano (Patiperro Records / PIAS Rough Trade, 2014)
* Quiero Saltar (Patiperro Records, 2014)
* Nada Te Pido (Patiperro Records, 2013)
* Que Sera (Patiperro Records, 2012)
* Leon (Patiperro Records, 2011)
# Zavozhik

Zavozhik (Russian: Завожик) is a rural locality (a village) in Dobryansky District, Perm Krai, Russia. The population was 80 as of 2010. There are 8 streets.

## Geography

Zavozhik is located 8 km north of Dobryanka (the district's administrative centre) by road. Dobryanka is the nearest rural locality.
# Darsidgol

Darsidgol (Persian: دارسيدگل, also Romanized as Dārsīdgol; also known as ʿAlī Ḩoseynābād) is a village in Kuhdasht-e Shomali Rural District, in the Central District of Kuhdasht County, Lorestan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 338, in 58 families.
# Buranovo, Bulgaria

Buranovo (Bulgarian: Бураново) is a village in Kocherinovo Municipality, Kyustendil Province, south-western Bulgaria. As of 2013 it has 152 inhabitants. It is situated close to the right bank of the Struma River just south of the village of Borovets, at some 2 km to the north-west of the municipal centre Kocherinovo.
At the outbreak of the First Balkan War in 1912 two people from Buranovo joined the Macedonian-Adrianopolitan Volunteer Corps that was formed in support the Bulgarian war effort against the Ottoman Empire.

## Citations

* 1 2 "Buranovo". Guide Bulgaria. Retrieved 5 July 2018.
* ↑ Macedonian-Adrianopolitan Volunteer Corps 1912-1913. Personnel 2006, p. 832
# Fregata Island

Fregata Island (Bulgarian: остров Фрегата, romanized: ostrov Fregata, IPA:) is the 480 m long in southeast-northwest direction and 230 m wide rocky island lying off the north coast of Nelson Island in the South Shetland Islands, Antarctica.
The island is "named after the ocean fishing trawler Fregata of the Bulgarian company Ocean Fisheries – Burgas whose ships operated in the waters of South Georgia, Kerguelen, the South Orkney Islands, South Shetland Islands and Antarctic Peninsula from 1970 to the early 1990s. The Bulgarian fishermen, along with those of the Soviet Union, Poland and East Germany are the pioneers of modern Antarctic fishing industry."

## Location

Fregata Island is located at 62°13′50″S 59°05′54″W﻿ / ﻿62.23056°S 59.09833°W﻿ / -62.23056; -59.09833, which is 2.29 km west by north of Cariz Point, 1.7 km north-northeast of Baklan Point, 1.93 km east-northeast of Withem Island, 110 m northeast of Kondor Island and 100 m south-southwest of Akin Island. British mapping in 1968.

## Maps

* South Shetland Islands. Scale 1:200000 topographic map No. 3373. DOS 610 - W 62 58. Tolworth, UK, 1968.
* Antarctic Digital Database (ADD). Scale 1:250000 topographic map of Antarctica. Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research (SCAR). Since 1993, regularly upgraded and updated.
# Kolontayevka, Kursk Oblast

Kolontayevka (Russian: Колонтаевка) is a rural locality (a settlement) in Gustomoysky Selsoviet Rural Settlement, Lgovsky District, Kursk Oblast, Russia. Population: 358 (2010 Census); 573 (2002 Census);

## Geography

The settlement is located 37 km from the Russia–Ukraine border, 76 km south-west of Kursk, 12 km south-west of the district center – the town Lgov, 8 km from the selsoviet center – Gustomoy.

### Climate

Kolontayevka has a warm-summer humid continental climate (Dfb in the Köppen climate classification).
Climate data for Kolontayevka :
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | −3.7 (25.3) | −2.7 (27.1) | 3.3 (37.9) | 13.3 (55.9) | 19.5 (67.1) | 22.7 (72.9) | 25.2 (77.4) | 24.6 (76.3) | 18.3 (64.9) | 10.7 (51.3) | 3.7 (38.7) | −0.9 (30.4) | 11.2 (52.1) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | −5.8 (21.6) | −5.2 (22.6) | −0.3 (31.5) | 8.4 (47.1) | 14.8 (58.6) | 18.4 (65.1) | 20.9 (69.6) | 20 (68) | 14.1 (57.4) | 7.4 (45.3) | 1.4 (34.5) | −2.8 (27.0) | 7.6 (45.7) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | −8.2 (17.2) | −8.3 (17.1) | −4.4 (24.1) | 2.9 (37.2) | 9.2 (48.6) | 13.1 (55.6) | 15.8 (60.4) | 14.8 (58.6) | 9.8 (49.6) | 4.1 (39.4) | −0.9 (30.4) | −5 (23) | 3.6 (38.4) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 51 (2.0) | 44 (1.7) | 48 (1.9) | 50 (2.0) | 63 (2.5) | 71 (2.8) | 76 (3.0) | 53 (2.1) | 57 (2.2) | 57 (2.2) | 47 (1.9) | 49 (1.9) | 666 (26.2) |
| Source: https://en.climate-data.org/asia/russian-federation/kursk-oblast/kolontaevka-317695/ ||||||||||||||

## Transport

Kolontayevka is located 7 km from the road of regional importance 38K-017 (Kursk – Lgov – Rylsk – border with Ukraine) as part of the European route E38, on the road of intermunicipal significance 38H-112 (Ivanovskoye – Kolontayevka). There is a railway halt Kolontayevka (railway line 322 km – Lgov I).
The rural locality is situated 83 km from Kursk Vostochny Airport, 143 km from Belgorod International Airport and 285 km from Voronezh Peter the Great Airport.
# Ahmadabad-e Posht Kan

Ahmadabad-e Posht Kan (Persian: احمدابادپشت كن, also Romanized as Aḩmadābād-e Posht Kan; also known as Aḩmadābād) is a village in Jowzam Rural District, Dehaj District, Shahr-e Babak County, Kerman Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 14, in 5 families.
# Metropolis (Doris)

Metropolis (Ancient Greek: Μητρόπολις) was a town in ancient Doris, Greece, mentioned by Stephanus of Byzantium. Its location is not otherwise known.
# Kyle McKearney

Kyle McKearney is a Métis Canadian alternative country singer-songwriter based in Airdrie, Alberta.
Originally from Fort St. John, British Columbia, he was involved in a number of country and rock musical projects, most notably a stint with a touring production of the jukebox musical We Will Rock You. After going through a period of disillusionment with the state of his career, he returned to Calgary, where beginning in 2020 he posted weekly cover songs to YouTube before recording and releasing his solo debut album Down-Home in 2021.
Down-Home was a Canadian Country Music Award nominee for Alternative Country Album of the Year at the 2022 Canadian Country Music Awards. At the 18th Canadian Folk Music Awards in 2023, McKearney won the award for Contemporary Singer of the Year, and was nominated for Contemporary Album of the Year and Indigenous Songwriter of the Year.
He followed up in 2023 with the album A Traveler's Lament, for which he received CCMA nominations for Alternative Country Album of the Year, Innovative Campaign of the Year, and Record Producer of the Year at the 2023 Canadian Country Music Awards. McKearney would go on to win the "Alternative Country Album of the Year" award.
# Austenasia

The Empire of Austenasia is a micronation founded in 2008 in the United Kingdom. Operating under a constitutional monarchy, it consists of dozens of properties that have declared themselves independent under the leadership of a house in the London Borough of Sutton.
Drawing from the medieval idea of Translatio imperii, Austenasia claims to be a successor of the Roman Empire (specifically its later Christian phase) and has increasingly adopted Roman-themed elements such as Consuls and a Senate. Christianity was declared Austenasia's official religion in 2017.

## History

Austenasia was founded on 20 September 2008 by Jonathan Austen (born 1994), a student, and his father Terry Austen (born 1961), a security guard turned gardener. After sending a declaration of independence for their house in Carshalton to their local Member of Parliament, Tom Brake, Terry was named Emperor and Jonathan was named Prime Minister. Terry abdicated in February 2010, and was succeeded by Emperor Esmond III, who after a "civil war" and various internal disputes was replaced by a new leader, Declan MacDonagh, in December later that year. Having initially received no reply to their declaration of independence, Jonathan met with Tom Brake MP in May 2011, who contacted Foreign Secretary William Hague to enquire on Jonathan's behalf about the criteria by which the UK recognises new states.
Jonathan then became emperor after Declan abdicated in January 2013 for personal reasons, and began a program of expansion which has seen people from across the world join the micronation by claiming properties which they live in or regularly visit. In April 2024, Jonathan withdrew from a leadership position, handing over responsibility for running the micronation to a Prince Regent, Aggelos I.
The micronation has been featured in several local and international publications, and has a certain amount of fame within Carshalton as being a local "quirk". The micronation produced and sold commemorative coins in 2018 in celebration of its tenth anniversary.

## Geography

Austenasia claims several properties around the world, variously classified as "cities", "towns", "territories" or "crown dependencies". Wrythe, the micronation's capital city, consists of a suburban house in the London Borough of Sutton. Several other British houses are also claimed, and other territorial claims include part of a university campus in Australia and a holiday home in the Hebrides. The micronation also has claims in the United States, Turkey, India, Algeria, Poland and other nations.
# Mikhaylovskaya, Vinogradovsky District, Arkhangelsk Oblast

Mikhaylovskaya (Russian: Михайловская) is a rural locality (a village) in Vinogradovsky District, Arkhangelsk Oblast, Russia. The population was 25 as of 2010.

## Geography

Mikhaylovskaya is located on the Tyoda River, 80 km southeast of Bereznik (the district's administrative centre) by road. Zauytovskaya is the nearest rural locality.
# The Wandering Virgin

The Wandering Virgin is an English broadside ballad from the late 17th century. The narrator warns fellow virgins not to be too coy unless they also want to wander the world round looking for the lover who has given up on their courtship. She tells the story of how she dresses like a man and travels over sea, land, desert, and forest to find her love. Sung to the tune of Over Hills and High Mountains, or Ah! Chloris Awake, depending on the broadside. Copies of the broadside are available in National Library of Scotland, the University of Glasgow Library, the British Library, and Magdalene College, Cambridge.

## Synopsis

The ballad is written as a warning. The narrator asks virgins to hear her tale and learn from it. Because she acted too coy, the man she loves has gone away, and now she must spend her life traveling the world looking for him. She cuts her dress into breeches and cuts her hair short, gets a switch, a sword, and a horse, so that she is able to travel freely as a man. She tells of how much she loves the man she has lost. She sings of his curly locks, his musical voice, and his smooth ability to woo her. The rest of the ballad tells of all the places she will travel: throughout England, overseas, into jungles, deserts, forests. She says she cannot live without him. At the end of the ballad, she reiterates her warning to other women, lest they also spend their lives wandering the world looking for lost love.

## Cultural and historical relevance

In some copies of The Wandering Virgin, it is cited as a reply to an earlier ballad, The Wandering Maiden. Joseph Woodfall Ebsworth calls it a "continuation" of the earlier ballad.
# Verkhny Tykhtem

Verkhny Tykhtem (Russian: Верхний Тыхтем; Bashkir: Үрге Тиктәм, Ürge Tiktäm) is a rural locality (a village) in Kelteyevsky Selsoviet, Kaltasinsky District, Bashkortostan, Russia. The population was 258 as of 2010. There are 4 streets.

## Geography

Verkhny Tykhtem is located 12 km west of Kaltasy (the district's administrative centre) by road. Nizhny Tykhtem is the nearest rural locality.
# Nisa (Lycia)

Nisa (Ancient Greek: Νίσα or Νίσσα), also Nyssa (Νύσσα) or Nysa (Νύσα) or Neisa (Νείσα), was a town in ancient Lycia near the source of the River Xanthus.

## Location

Its site is identified in the Digital Atlas of the Roman Empire as Akörü Yayla, near Sütleğen, about 25 kilometres north of Kaş in Antalya Province, Turkey. The Annuario Pontifico gives its location as Küçükahuriyala, also near Sütleğen.

## Site

The ruins are plentiful but in a poor state. They include part of the well-built city wall, a theatre, a stadium, a paved agora with stoa and some bases bearing inscriptions. The necropolis to the west includes sarcophagi and constructed tombs.

## History

Apart from its mention by Ptolemy and by Hierocles in the Synecdemus (ca. 535 AD), where it is misspelled "Misae" (Μίσαι), and in the Notitiae Episcopatuum, nothing is known of the town's history. The only known coin that it issued is of a type that does not show membership of the Lycian League.

## Bishopric

A Christian bishopric was established in Nisa, a suffragan of the metropolitan see of Myra. The only bishop of the see whose name is preserved in extant documents is Georgius, who took part in the Second Council of Nicaea in 787.
No longer a residential bishopric, Nisa in Lycia is today listed by the Catholic Church as a titular see.