OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Schottenstein Edition of the Babylonian Talmud

The Schottenstein Edition of the Babylonian Talmud is a 20th-century, 73-volume edition of the Babylonian Talmud (Talmud Bavli) featuring an elucidated translation and commentary, and published by ArtScroll, a division of Mesorah Publications.
It is the first Orthodox non-academic English translation of the Babylonian Talmud since the Soncino Edition. It has gained much popularity since its release and is used in many congregations throughout the English-speaking world; it is now published in three languages: English, French, and Modern Hebrew.
Rabbis Chaim Malinowitz and Yisroel Simchah Schorr are the general editors of the project. Nothing was considered final until Malinowitz approved the finished drafts.

## History

The first volume, Tractate Makkos, was published in 1990, and dedicated by Mr. and Mrs. Marcos Katz. Subsequent editions were produced with the financial assistance of Jerome Schottenstein, an Orthodox Jew and founder of an Ohio department store. The total cost of the project was $40 million (including the Hebrew edition); some sources estimate the cost of production for each volume to be $250,000. The publication of all 73 volumes took 15 years, ending with the publication of the final volume of tractate Yevamot.
In 2020, Agudath Israel of America credited the Schottenstein Edition for a large rise in the number of English-speaking individuals becoming involved in the seven-year-long daf yomi cycle and their participation at the 13th Siyum HaShas, which marked the completion of the full learning sequence.

## Structure

Each page of the Hebrew/Aramaic text is in the style of the traditional Vilna Edition Shas, with various classical commentaries (such as Rashi) surrounding the text of the Mishnah and Gemara. Each Hebrew page is opposite a page of English translation—one Hebrew folio takes approximately six to eight pages of English to translate. The literal meaning of the text is shown in bold, while supplementary words and phrases that ease the quick transition of topics are shown in regular font.
The English-language commentary is primarily based on Rashi's, and describes his continuing importance as follows:
   It has been our policy throughout the Schottenstein Edition of the Talmud to give Rashi's interpretation as the primary explanation of the Gemara. Since it is not possible in a work of this nature to do justice to all of the Rishonim, we have chosen to follow the commentary most learned by people, and the one studied first by virtually all Torah scholars. In this we have followed the ways of our teachers and the Torah masters of the last nine hundred years, who have assigned a pride of place to Rashi's commentary and made it a point of departure for all other commentaries.
The editors explained further that they chose Ran's commentary for Tractate Nedarim as an exception, based on a belief that the commentary attributed to Rashi for this tractate was not written by Rashi.
# Baba Aman Rural District

Baba Aman Rural District (Persian: دهستان باباامان) is in the Central District of Bojnord County, North Khorasan province, Iran. Its capital is the village of Baba Aman. The previous capital of the rural district was the village of Hesar-e Garmkhan, now a city.

## Demographics
### Population

At the time of the 2006 National Census, the rural district's population was 19,323 in 4,540 households. There were 24,187 inhabitants in 6,449 households at the following census of 2011. The 2016 census measured the population of the rural district as 15,609 in 4,381 households. The most populous of its 16 villages was Kalateh-ye Baqerkhan Seh, with 3,173 people.
# SOS box

SOS box is the operator to which the LexA repressor binds to repress the transcription of SOS-induced proteins. SOS boxes are found near the promoter of various genes.
LexA binds to an SOS box in the absence of DNA damage. In the presence of DNA damage the binding of LexA is inactivated by the RecA activator. SOS boxes differ in DNA sequences and binding affinity towards LexA from organism to organism. Furthermore, SOS boxes may be present in a dual fashion, which indicates that more than one SOS box can be within the same promoter.

## Examples

| Phylogenetic Clade | Sequence |
| Alphaproteobacteria | GAAC(N)$_7$GAAC GTTC(N)$_7$GTTC |
| Betaproteobacteria Gammaproteobacteria | CTGT(N)$_8$ACAG |
| Deltaproteobacteria | CTRHAMRYBYGTTCAGS |
| Gram-positive bacteria | CGAACRNRYGTTYC |
| Cyanobacteria | RGTAC(N)$_3$DGTWCB |
See Nucleic acid nomenclature for an explanation of non-GATC nucleotide letters.
# Doyo Dam

Doyo Dam (Japanese: 土用ダム) is a rock-fill embankment dam located 6 km (4 mi) north of Shinjō in the Okayama Prefecture, Japan. It creates the upper reservoir for the 1,500 MW Matanoagawa Pumped Storage Power Station while the Matanoagawa Dam creates the lower.
# Gransherad Church

Gransherad Church (Norwegian: Gransherad kyrkje) is a parish church of the Church of Norway in Notodden Municipality in Telemark county, Norway. It is located in the village of Gransherad. It is the church for the Gransherad parish which is part of the Øvre Telemark prosti (deanery) in the Diocese of Agder og Telemark. The white, wooden church was built in a long church design in 1849 using plans drawn up by the architect Hans Linstow. The church seats about 250 people.

## History

The earliest existing historical records of the church date back to the year 1369, but that was not the year the church was built. The first church in Gransherad was a wooden stave church that was located about 25 metres (82 ft) to the northwest of the present church site. The church was dedicated to Saint Olav and it was possibly built during the 13th century. The building was extensively rebuilt over the years, so that it was difficult to see the stave church character towards the end. It appears from an inspection report from 1668 that the church had open-air corridors surrounding the nave and chancel, but later they were removed when windows were installed on the long wall of the nave. Later, the whole nave was torn down and replaced with a new timber-framed nave. The church eventually fell into disrepair and the best plan for moving forwards was to replace the building. So in 1845–1849, a new church was built on the south side of the churchyard, about 25 metres (82 ft) to the southeast. The last service in the old church was held on 11 August 1849, and then the church was demolished on 20-21 August 1849.
The new church was consecrated on 11 September 1849. The new Gransherad church is a log construction that was built by master builder Halvor Andreas Olsen using plans drawn up by Hans Linstow. The church is a wooden long church with a west tower over the church porch. The choir has the same width as the nave. A sacristy was built in 1939. In 1985, a detached building was built to the south of the church which contains some storage rooms as well as public toilets for the church.

## Media gallery

* View of the old church
# Câlnic, Alba

Câlnic (German: Kelling; Hungarian/Turkish: Kelnek) is a commune in Alba County, Transylvania, Romania, composed of two villages, Câlnic and Deal (Dál). Câlnic village is known for its castle, which is on UNESCO's list of World Heritage Sites.

## The castle

Câlnic Citadel, first mentioned in 1269, is very well preserved. Built as a noble's residence, it was bought in 1430 by local peasants and fortified. It consists of a large court surrounded by walls and some buildings adjacent to the walls. In the middle of the court there is a large donjon as well as a chapel. The castle differs from most other constructions of this type in that it is not situated on a hilltop but rather in a depression, much lower than the surrounding hills. This position, clearly inconvenient in case of a siege, can be explained by the castle's first function as a residence, not meant as a defensive construction.
# Middleton, Northumberland

Middleton is a settlement and civil parish in Northumberland, England. The parish is situated on the North Sea coast, south of the island of Lindisfarne, and contains the villages of Ross, Detchant and Elwick; all are shrunken medieval villages. Both the A1 London to Edinburgh road and East Coast Main Line pass through the parish. In the 2001 census the parish had a population of 136, falling to 115 at the 2011 Census.

## Etymology

Middleton is one of many English place-names deriving from Old English middel 'middle' and tūn 'estate, settlement'; thus the name once meant 'middle settlement', perhaps because it performed a central function for a number of surrounding communities. The name of this particular example is first attested in 1201.
The name Detchant is first attested in 1166 as Dichende and comes from the Old English words dic 'ditch' and ende 'end', and thus once meant 'settlement at the end of a ditch'.
Elwick is first recorded between 1154 and 1166 as Ellewich. The name is thought to derive from an Old English personal name Ella and the word wīc 'dwelling place, farm'; thus it once meant 'Ella's farm'.
The name of Ross, first attested between 1208 and 1210, comes from the Brittonic language, the modern Welsh equivalent being rhos 'promontory', though in the case of the Northumberland Ross the word might originally have meant 'moor'.

## Governance

The parish is in the parliamentary constituency of Berwick-upon-Tweed.

## Landmarks

The Devil's Causeway passes the village of Middleton just over 1 mile (2 km) to the east. The causeway is a Roman road which starts at Port Gate on Hadrian's Wall, north of Corbridge, and extends 55 miles (89 km) northwards across Northumberland to the mouth of the River Tweed at Berwick-upon-Tweed.
Middleton Hall is a Grade II listed Tudor style mansion. After World War II it was sold to the Greenwich Hospital Trust. It has since been restored as a private residence.
# Tengai Amano

Tengai Amano (Japanese: 天野天街; 1960 – 7 July 2024) was a Japanese playwright, director, and the leader of the drama group called "Shonen-oja-kan". He was born in Ichinomiya, Aichi prefecture, and graduated from the Department of History in Aichi Gakuin University. In 1982, he founded "Shonen-oja-kan" in Nagoya. The group started performing all over Japan, including Tokyo, Osaka, and Nagoya from 1984 on.
As one of the busiest directors in the country, Amano was active nationwide and directed in numerous other drama groups as a guest, as well as writing and directing for his own theatre group for almost 25 years. Besides drama, he had also produced dance, puppet shows, concerts, and fashion shows. He was involved in various kinds of stage arts for a long time. He directed and wrote the play "Yaji and Kita" for Kudan Project Production theatrical company.
Another part of his life works was illustration; designing of posters, CD covers, and book covers, and writing comics, and they are highly appreciated in all fields. The flyer for "Yaji and Kita" was also designed by Amano.
Amano's creativity also extended to filmmaking. In 1994, his directorial debut short film called "TWILIGHT" won the grand prize of the International Short Film Festival Oberhausen and the Melbourne International Film Festival (Short Film Programme) and with this movie he drew worldwide attention in the filmmaking field. In 2006, he planned to make 2 movies from stories by Japanese writers, "Neji-shiki" by Yohiharu Tsuge and "Nigyo-no-nageki" by Jun'ichiro Tanizaki.
Amano died from lung cancer on 7 July 2024, at the age of 64.
# Kosewko

Kosewko is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Pomiechówek, within Nowy Dwór County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately 6 kilometres (4 mi) north of Nowy Dwór Mazowiecki and 36 km (22 mi) north-west of Warsaw.
# 1961 in Belgium

Events in the year 1961 in Belgium.

## Incumbents

* Monarch: Baudouin
* Prime Minister: Gaston Eyskens (until 25 April), Théo Lefèvre (starting 25 April)

## Events

* 15 February – Sabena Flight 548
* 26 March – Belgian general election, 1961

## Births

* 14 March – Christ'l Smet, windsurfer
* 23 April – Patrick De Koning, archer
* 25 April – Frank De Winne, astronaut
* 28 April – Michel Hofman, admiral
* 13 May – Marc De Mesmaeker, police officer
* 22 May – Elke Tindemans, politician
* 29 June – Wim Claes, composer (died 2018)
* 12 July – Diederik Foubert, cyclist
* 16 July – Willem Wijnant, cyclist
* 28 July – Gerda Sierens, cyclist
* 6 August – Rudy Patry, cyclist
* 14 August – Peter Joos, Olympic fencer
* 11 September – Sophie de Schaepdrijver, historian
* 14 September – Karl Meersman, cartoonist
* 18 September – Danny Lippens, cyclist
* 10 November – Bruno Tuybens, politician
* 22 November – Myriam Vanlerberghe, politician
* 30 December – Bernard Clerfayt, politician

## Deaths

* 17 May – Frans Van Cauwelaert, politician (born 1880)
* 6 June – Julius Raes, Capucin archivist (born 1884)
* 4 August – Victor van Strydonck de Burkel, general (born 1876)
* 17 December – John Van Alphen, footballer (born 1914)
# Sang Tarashan, Tehran

Sang Tarashan (Persian: سنگ تراشان, also Romanized as Sang Tarāshān and Sang Tarāshūn) is a village in Ghaniabad Rural District, in the Central District of Ray County, Tehran Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 120, in 32 families.
# Bruce Gould and Beatrice Blackmar Gould

Bruce Gould and Beatrice Blackmar Gould (both 1898–1989) were co-editors of the Ladies' Home Journal for almost 27 years, from 1935 through 1962, including the golden years of the magazine.

## Early life

Charles Bruce Gould was born in Luana, Iowa, and went to the college at the University of Iowa. He was in the Navy Flying Corps during World War I. He landed in New York City in 1920s with plans to be a playwright, but landed jobs in journalism, working at The Sun, New York Post, and the Wall Street News. In 1931 he began writing for magazines, and co-wrote many articles with Beatrice.
Beatrice Blackmar was born in Emmetsburg, Iowa, and graduated from the University of Iowa and Columbia School of Journalism. She started her journalism career with the Ottumwa Courier in Iowa in the early 1920s.
Bruce and Beatrice married in 1923. Early in their careers, they wrote two plays together, including Man's Estate which debuted in 1929, and The Terrible Turk in 1934.

## Ladies' Home Journal

Bruce joined The Saturday Evening Post as an associate editor in 1934. It was published by Curtis Publishing Company, who also published the Journal. The Goulds took over as co-editors of the Journal in 1935 during the Great Depression, and steered the publication through its golden years, becoming for much of their tenure the highest circulation of the "Seven Sisters" of American magazines that focused on women, and among the highest circulation magazines in the country. Only in 1961, did McCall's eclipse their circulation (7.4 million to 7.2 million for the Journal). Their joint retirement was announced in March 1962.
According to a Time magazine article upon their 1962 retirement, the Goulds took an undistinguished journal in a field that "took the patronizing view that a woman's interests were largely confined to the home" and led by "Beatrice's sure feeling for the emancipated women's tastes, it invited its readers to plunge up to the elbows not only in bread dough but in life." The magazine pushed for "purity in politics as well as in maternity wards" and fought against venereal disease and child abuse. Attention-getting articles and addressing feminine health problems openly were published, as well as top fiction pieces.
The two wrote an autobiography that was published in 1968.

## Deaths

Beatrice died of Alzheimer's disease at their home in Hopewell, New Jersey, on January 30, 1989. Bruce died later in the year also at their home, on August 27, 1989, of congestive heart failure.
# Time of Violence

Time of Violence (Bulgarian: Време разделно) is a 1988 Bulgarian film based on the novel Time of Parting by Anton Donchev. It consists of two episodes with a combined length of 288 minutes. It premiered at the 1988 Cannes Film Festival where it was screened in the Un Certain Regard section. The film was selected as the Bulgarian entry for the Best Foreign Language Film at the 62nd Academy Awards, but was not nominated.

## Plot

The film is set in the Ottoman Empire, in 1668. As Köprülü Fazıl Ahmed Pasha concentrates his war efforts on the Cretan War, he grows paranoid of the Sultan's Christian subjects, convinced that they are an uncontrollable threat to the empire unless Islamized.
One of the targets is Elindenya, a village located in a Rhodope valley where the Christian Bulgarians' way of life was for the most part left alone under the Ottoman governor Süleyman Agha's rule. A sipahi regiment is dispatched to the valley with the mission of converting the Christian population to Islam, by force if necessary. The extraordinary thing is that the regiment is led by Kara Ibrahim, a fanatical devshirme from Elindenya, and although Süleyman Agha, feeling that his self-ordained rule is at stake, objects to forced conversions, Kara Ibrahim favors measures of extreme brutality against the local Bulgarians, including his own family.

## Cast

* Yosif Sarchadzhiev as Kara Ibrahim
* Rusi Chanev as Pop Aligorko
* Ivan Krastev as Manol
* Anya Pencheva as Sevda
* Valter Toski as the Venetian
* Vasil Mihaylov as Süleyman Aga
* Kalina Stefanova as Elitza
* Momchil Karamitev as Momchil
* Konstantin Kotsev as Dyado Galushko
* Stoyko Peev as Goran
* Bogomil Simeonov as Ismail Bey
* Djoko Rosic as Kara Hasan
* Velko Kanev as Köprülü Fazıl Ahmed Pasha
* Stefka Berova as Gyulfie
* Angel Ivanov as Mircho
* Nikola Todev as Stoyko Protsvet
# Use Once and Destroy (film)

Use Once and Destroy is a Canadian short film, written and directed by John L'Ecuyer and released in 1995. Created as a student project in L'Ecuyer's second year of film studies at Ryerson University, the film features L'Ecuyer narrating the story of his own prior experiences as a heroin addict.
Made for just $250, the film's genesis resulted from a magazine asking L'Ecuyer to write an article about his experiences as an addict.
The film premiered at the 1995 Toronto International Film Festival, where it received an honorable mention from the Best Canadian Short Film award jury. L'Ecuyer's feature film debut, Curtis's Charm, premiered at the same festival.
L'Ecuyer subsequently published a memoir of his experiences as a drug addict, also titled Use Once and Destroy, in 1998.
# Molde (river)

The Molde River (Norwegian: Moldeelva) is a river in Molde Municipality in Møre og Romsdal county, Norway. The 5-kilometre (3.1 mi) long river runs through the Moldemarka area and then through the city of Molde. Its origins are found at Lake Molde (Norwegian: Moldevatnet). It follows the Molde Valley (Norwegian: Moldedalen) on its way to the Molde Fjord (Norwegian: Moldefjord). The approximately 5-kilometre (3.1 mi) river is crossed by several bridges.
Although the river is minor and seasonal, there were several sawmills along its course in the 17th and 18th centuries. This gave rise to the city itself through a combination of a good harbour, proximity to the sea routes, vast timber resources, and a river capable of supporting mills.
In 1909, the river also housed the first hydroelectric power plant capable of providing sufficient electricity to the city. Much of the drinking water for the city comes from the upper part of the river. During the reconstruction after the fire of 1916, the lower part of the river and the estuary is controlled by a dam, built just north of the city, which also serves as a reservoir and water supply reserve.
# Marka refugee camp

The Marka refugee camp (Arabic: مخيم ماركا) is one of six emergency camps erected in 1968 to shelter 15,000 Palestinian refugees fleeing the West Bank and the Gaza Strip due to the 1967 Arab-Israeli war. Located in the Marka district of metropolitan Amman, about ten kilometers northeast of the city center, it is known locally as Hittin (حطين) or Schneller and houses 44,879 UNRWA registered refugees and over 17,500 displaced persons.

## History

Initially, the refugee camp consisted of tents erected on land area covering some 917,000 square metres. Plans to provide stronger tents for the harsh winters were shelved by United Nations Relief and Works Agency (UNRWA) so as to construct 4,000 prefabricated shelters instead, between 1969 and 1971. Funding for the construction came from the Federal Republic of Germany, the Government of Italy, the Jordan Development Bank, and Near East Emergency Donations. Over the years since, inhabitants have built their own more durable concrete shelters.

## Public services

Two secondary schools in the camp are operated by the government of Jordan and there is a health centre operated by Medical Aid for Palestinians (MAP UK). A local committee in the camp operate a sewing centre and a computer centre. All other education, health and social services are provided by UNRWA, whose 418 staff members run 10 schools serving 9,492 pupils and two health centres for some 1012 patients a day. Over 600 families in the camp receive extra assistance through a special hardship case programme and sanitation works are also provided by UNRWA.
# Abbottabad Tehsil

Abbottabad Tehsil (Urdu: تحصیل ایبٹ آباد) is an administrative subdivision (tehsil) of Abbottabad District in the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan.

## History

During the British rule, the current district of Abbottabad was created as a Tehsil of Hazara District. After Pakistan′s independence from Britain on 14 August 1947, it remained a tehsil of Hazara until 1981 when the old Abbottabad Tehsil became a district, containing two tehsils - Abbottabad and Havelian.

## Subdivisions
### Municipal Committees

* Abbottabad (Headquarters)

### Cantonments

* Abbottabad Cantonment
* Murree Gallies Cantonment

### Town Councils

* Nawan Shehr

### Union Councils

* Bagan
* Bagh
* Bagnotar
* Bakot
* Bal Dheri
* Banda Qazi
* Bandi Dhundan
* Biran Gali
* Birot Kalan
* Birot Khurd
* Boi
* Chamhad
* Chatri
* Dahamtore
* Galiat
* Gojri Union Council
* Dalola
* Jarral
* Jhangi
* Kakol
* Kakot
* Kassaki Kalan
* Kokmang
* Kothiala
* Lakhala
* Malach
* Moolia
* Mir Pur
* Nagaki
* Nagri Bala
* Namal
* Namli Mera
* Nawan Shehr Janubi
* Nawan Shehr Shumali
* Palak
* Pattan Kalan
* Pawa
* Phal Kot
* Pind Kargoo Khan
* Qasba Abbatabad
* Rach Behn
* Rialah
* Salhad
* Seri Shehr Shah
* Sheikhul Bandi
* Sherwan
* Sir Bhanna
* Tar Nawai
# Daughter (2014 film)

Daughter (Korean: 다우더; RR: Daudeo) is a 2014 South Korean drama film directed, written, and starring Ku Hye-sun.
Daughter premiered at the 19th Busan International Film Festival ahead of its theatrical release on November 6, 2014.

## Plot

San experienced a grim childhood and adolescence with her emotionally, verbally and physically abusive mother. Unrelentingly critical and demanding, San's mother was particularly obsessed with preventing her teenage daughter from taking full possession of her sexuality. San's only reprieve was her piano lessons with a kindly next-door neighbor, Jeong-hee. Years later, when the adult San learns that she is pregnant, she visits her estranged, terminally ill mother at the hospital. Despite awaiting her imminent death, her mother has not changed at all, and San wonders if she will ever be free of the painful memories.

## Cast

* Koo Hye-sun as San
** Jung Ji-so as young San
* Shim Hye-jin as Mom
* Yoon Da-kyung as Jeong-hee
* Lee Hae-woo as Jin-woo
* Yang Hyun-mo