OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Berkovitsa Glacier

Berkovitsa Glacier (Bulgarian: ледник Берковица, romanized: lednik Berkovitsa, IPA:) is a glacier on Livingston Island, Antarctica situated east of Etar Snowfield, south of Medven Glacier, west-northwest of Tundzha Glacier and north-northeast of Verila Glacier. It is bounded by the southeastern slopes of Oryahovo Heights and the northwestern slopes of Snow Peak. It extends 4 km in southeast-northwest direction and 2.8 km in northwest-southeast direction, and drains northeastwards into Hero Bay between Avitohol Point and Remetalk Point.
The glacier is named after the town of Berkovitsa in the western Balkan Mountains, Bulgaria.

## Location

The glacier is centred at 62°34′20″S 60°41′15″W﻿ / ﻿62.57222°S 60.68750°W﻿ / -62.57222; -60.68750. Bulgarian mapping in 2005 and 2009.
# Cygne

Cygne M.K may refer to:
* La Cygne, Kansas, a city in Linn County, Kansas
* "Le cygne", a movement of The Carnival of the Animals by Camille Saint-Saëns
* Le Cygne (journal), a scholarly journal published by the International Marie de France Society
# Blommer Chocolate Company

Blommer Chocolate Company is an integrated chocolate manufacturer based in Chicago, Illinois, considered to be the largest chocolate ingredient supplier in North America. Prior to its acquisition by Fuji Oil Holdings, Inc. in 2018, the company was the largest and oldest independent cocoa bean processor in North America.

## History

Blommer Chocolate was founded in 1939 by the brothers, Henry, Al, and Bernard in Chicago. The family (pronounced "Blummer") has roots in the confectionary, farming and ice cream business.
In 1948, the company acquired Bishop chocolate in Los Angeles and Boldeman Chocolate in San Francisco in 1951. In 1970, Blommer opened their second production plant in Union City, California, followed by a plant in East Greenville, Pennsylvania in 1980. In 2001 the company broke ground for a new warehouse in Pennsylvania.
In 2003, Blommer employed around 450 people and crossed $500 million in revenue. In 2006, the company acquired a production plant from World's Finest Chocolate in Ontario, Canada.
In 2018, the company was sold to Fuji Oil Holdings Inc. for $750 million. After the transaction, the Blommer family and senior management continued to lead the company.
In 2022, the company announced that Peter Blommer, the grandson of Henry Blommer, who had started working with Blommer Chocolate aged 17 in 1991, would step down as CEO of the company. He continued to serve in the role of Vice Chairman, while Nao Rokukawa, the Chairman of Blommer, took over as interim CEO until the position was filled.
In 2024, the company closed its original Chicago plant and moved operations to other facilities.

## Corporate affairs
### Factories and store

The company operates three plants in North America:
* Campbellford, Ontario
* East Greenville, Pennsylvania
* Union City, California
The company also operates an external R&D facility in Chicago and another production plant in China.

### Aroma

The former factory in the West Loop area of Chicago was known for sending a chocolate aroma into the air. Though the smell was popular among many Chicagoans, in 2006, a nearby condo owner complained to the EPA about the smell, complaining that it violated the Clean Air Act. Blommer was not fined, having explained that it was upgrading its filtration system.

## Products

More than 45% of cocoa beans processed in the United States are processed (into cocoa butter, cocoa solids and chocolate liquor) by Blommer; about 70% of their business is supplying chocolate to various branded companies for use in those companies' own products.
Blommer's Chocolates Company does not sell directly through retail. Another branch of the family owned and operated a retail store located in the front corner of the Chicago manufacturing site until February, 2020, which sold various chocolates and chocolate baking supplies purchased from Blommer and other vendors.

## Literature

* Kimmerle, Beth (2010). Blommer: An American Chocolate Legacy. Blommer Chocolate. OCLC 658053866.
# Dolna Mitropoliya

43°28′N 24°32′E﻿ / ﻿43.467°N 24.533°E﻿ / 43.467; 24.533 Dolna Mitropoliya (Bulgarian: Долна Митрополия, "Lower Bishopric"; also transliterated as Dolna Mitropolia, Dolna Mitropolija) is a town in Pleven Province of northern Bulgaria, the administrative center of Dolna Mitropoliya municipality. It is about 10 km northwest of the city of Pleven. As of December 2009, the town had a population of 3,303.
Adjacent to the town is Dolna Mitropoliya Air Base, home of the aviation faculty of the National Defence University. The 12th Air Training Wing is stationed there. The aviation school was created in 1945 and named after Georgi Benkovski. The school moved to Dolna Mitropoliya in 1948, and in 2002 was incorporated as part of the National Defence University.
Dolna Mitropoliya has the second Bulgarian automobile race track, and its first and only supermoto track. The first motorcycle race was held there in 1992.
# Shchuchansky District

Shchuchansky District (Russian: Щу́чанский райо́н) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the twenty-four in Kurgan Oblast, Russia. It is located in the west of the oblast. The area of the district is 2,809 square kilometers (1,085 sq mi). Its administrative center is the town of Shchuchye. Population: 23,547 (2010 Census); 26,392 (2002 Census); 30,743 (1989 Soviet census). The population of Shchuchye accounts for 46.6% of the district's total population.
# Remire Island Airport

Remire Island Airport (ICAO: FSSR) is an airfield serving Remire Island in the Seychelles. It has the shortest runway of all aerodromes in the Seychelles.
# Edwin Montague

Edwin Herbert Montague (13 April 1885 – 28 December 1937) was a British athlete. He competed at the 1908 Summer Olympics in London.

## Biography

Montague finished third in the 440 yards AAA Championships event at the 1903 AAA Championships and second at the 1904 AAA Championships. Another third place at the 1905 AAA Championships was followed by him finally winning the 440 yards title at the 1907 AAA Championships.
At the 1908 Olympic Games, Montague won his preliminary heat in the 400 metres with a time of 50.2 seconds. He dropped his time to 49.8 seconds in the semifinals but lost to Wyndam Halswelle, who set a new Olympic record at 48.4 seconds in the race. Montague's second-place finish in the semifinals prevented him from advancing to the final.
He was also a member of the British team, which was eliminated in the first round of the medley relay event by the United States.
# Poronaysky District

Poronaysky District (Russian: Порона́йский райо́н) is an administrative district (raion) of Sakhalin Oblast, Russia; one of the seventeen in the oblast. As a municipal division, it is incorporated as Poronaysky Urban Okrug. It is located in the eastern central part of the Island of Sakhalin. The area of the district is 7,280.2 square kilometers (2,810.9 sq mi). Its administrative center is the town of Poronaysk. Population (excluding the administrative center): 21,686 (2010 Census); 10,857 (2002 Census); 17,977 (1989 Soviet census).

## Climate

Climate data for Cape Patience :
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | −9.1 (15.6) | −8.7 (16.3) | −4 (25) | 0.9 (33.6) | 4.0 (39.2) | 8.1 (46.6) | 12.1 (53.8) | 14.8 (58.6) | 13.3 (55.9) | 8.6 (47.5) | 1.6 (34.9) | −4.7 (23.5) | 3.1 (37.5) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | −11.5 (11.3) | −11.7 (10.9) | −6.7 (19.9) | −1.2 (29.8) | 2.0 (35.6) | 5.8 (42.4) | 9.9 (49.8) | 12.3 (54.1) | 11.2 (52.2) | 6.6 (43.9) | −0.5 (31.1) | −6.9 (19.6) | 0.8 (33.4) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | −14 (7) | −14.6 (5.7) | −9.5 (14.9) | −3.2 (26.2) | −0.1 (31.8) | 3.5 (38.3) | 7.7 (45.9) | 9.8 (49.6) | 9.0 (48.2) | 4.6 (40.3) | −2.7 (27.1) | −9.1 (15.6) | −1.6 (29.2) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 32.8 (1.29) | 25.7 (1.01) | 29.5 (1.16) | 28.4 (1.12) | 38.9 (1.53) | 32.2 (1.27) | 54.8 (2.16) | 66.6 (2.62) | 76.1 (3.00) | 61.1 (2.41) | 49.6 (1.95) | 38.9 (1.53) | 534.6 (21.05) |
| Average precipitation days (≥ 1.0 mm) | 6.6 | 5.3 | 6.3 | 5.6 | 6.5 | 5.4 | 6.1 | 7.0 | 7.5 | 9.0 | 9.4 | 8.3 | 83 |
| Source: Météo climat stats ||||||||||||||
# Geographical Dictionary of the Kingdom of Poland

The Geographical Dictionary of the Kingdom of Poland and other Slavic Countries (Polish: Słownik geograficzny Królestwa Polskiego i innych krajów słowiańskich) is a monumental Polish gazetteer, published 1880–1902 in Warsaw by Filip Sulimierski, Bronisław Chlebowski, Władysław Walewski and others.
# Kościuszko's proclamation

Kościuszko's proclamation refers to a speech given by Tadeusz Kościuszko in Kraków on 24 March 1794. The speech is considered the starting point of the Kościuszko Uprising against the forces of the Russian Empire that were occupying Poland.
Around 10 o'clock in the Old Town square in Kraków, the Act of Insurrection was read by Kraków's Sejm representative.$^{:182}$ The document gave Tadeusz Kościuszko command over the National Armed Force (Polish: Siła Zbrojna Narodowa) and he vowed to convene a Supreme National Council.$^{:180}$ Drafted by Hugo Kołłątaj, an advocate of physiocracy, it began with:$^{:180}$
   "The wretched state in which Poland finds itself is known to the universe; the indiginities of two neighboring powers, and the crimes of traitors to their country have sunk this nation into an abyss of misery."
Soon afterwards Kościuszko stepped forward and recited his oath:$^{:182}$
   I, Tadeusz Kościuszko, hereby swear by the God to the entire Polish Nation, that I shall not use the powers vested in me for anyone's oppression, but for defence of the integrity of the borders, recuperation of Nation's sovereignty and strengthening the universal freedom. So help me God and the innocent passion of His Son!

## Aftermath

On 10 May, the council was appointed by Kosciuszko, which was led by Kołłątaj as the minister of treasury, Potocki as minister of foreign affairs, and other ministers for justice, security, military needs, provisions, national affairs and administrative affairs.$^{:192}$ The council coined money with "Freedom, Unity, Independence-The Republic, 1794" on the new zloty.$^{:192}$
Kosciuszko stated the council was formed of "...virtuous citizens and friends of the people, and when I nominated them, I did not want to think about whether they are peasants, burghers or aristocrats.".$^{:193}$
# Zarb Ali

Zarb Ali (Persian: ضرب علي, also Romanized as Ẕarb ‘Alī; also known as Qal”eh Naqd ”Ali, Qal‘eh-ye Naqd ‘Alī, Ẕarbeh ‘Alī, and Ẕarbeh‘alī) is a village in Samen Rural District, Samen District, Malayer County, Hamadan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 232, in 68 families.
# Solitary snipe

The solitary snipe (Gallinago solitaria) is a small stocky wader. It is found in the Palearctic from northeast Iran to Korea and Japan.

## Description

This is a large and heavy snipe 29–31 cm long with a stocky body and relatively short legs for a wader. Its upperparts, head and neck are streaked and patterned with medium brown stripes and whitish edges to the feathers forming lines down its back. The face is whitish. The breast is ginger-brown and the belly is white with brown barring on the flanks. The brown and black bill is long, straight and fairly slender. The legs and feet are yellowish-olive to yellowish-brown. All plumages are similar, but females average larger.
There are two quite similar subspecies. Nominate G. s. solitaria is very widespread. The breeding range of G. s. japonica, which is richer red and less white above, is unknown, but it winters in Japan.
The solitary snipe makes a hoarse kensh call as it takes off, and has a far carrying chok-a-chok-a call when displaying.
The solitary snipe has a relatively slow, heavy flight.

## Distribution and habitat

The solitary snipe breeds discontinuously in the mountains of eastern Asia, in eastern Russia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan and Mongolia. Many birds are sedentary in the high mountains, or just move downhill in hard weather, but others are migratory, wintering in northeast Iran, Pakistan, northern India, Bangladesh, eastern China, Korea, Japan and Sakhalin.

## Behaviour

This snipe breeds in mountain bogs and river valleys above the timberline, typically from 2,400 m to 5000 m. It is often found in similar marshes and swamps at lower altitudes when not breeding or on migration.
The solitary snipe builds a saucer-shaped nest of dry grass in the drier areas of its breeding wetland. The nest is concealed in a dense tuft of grass or sedges.
This bird has an aerial display, which involves flying high in circles, followed by a powerful stoop during which the bird makes a "drumming" sound, caused by vibrations of modified outer tail feathers.
The solitary snipe forages by pushing its long bill deep into the mud seeking invertebrates, such as insects and worms, seeds and plants. It is quite approachable, but if alarmed, it crouches, and its cryptic plumage provides effective camouflage when the bird stands motionless amongst marsh vegetation. When flushed, it drops back into the marsh after a short slow flight.
# White-eared night heron

The white-eared night heron (Oroanassa magnifica) is a species of heron in the family Ardeidae. It is found in southern China and northern Vietnam. (In 2018 it was also reported in Valmiki National Park, India) . It is threatened by habitat loss and habitat fragmentation.

## Taxonomy

The white-eared night heron was collected in Hainan by John Whitehead. It was described as Nycticorax magnifica by William Robert Ogilvie-Grant in 1899. The species is monotypic.

## Description

The length is 54–56 cm (21–22 in). The male is mostly blackish-brown. The neck-sides are chestnut. The lores are yellow, and the beak is black. The eyes are yellow-orange. The head and nape are blackish. The postocular stripes and throat are white. The underparts are brown, with white streaks. The tarsi are green. The female is similar to the male, but its head and neck are less distinctly patterned. The female also has whitish streaks on its back and wings. The juvenile is similar to the female, but has a browner plumage and buff spots.

## Distribution and habitat

This heron is found in southern China and northern Vietnam. Its range size is estimated at 2,180,000 km$^2$ (840,000 sq mi). By 2001, the species had only been recorded from about 20 localities; in the ten years from 2001 to 2011, surveys discovered it in more than 30 localities, making its known range much larger. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical forests and rivers. It has also been found in human-modified habitats.

## Behaviour and ecology

Like other night herons, this species is mostly nocturnal. It feeds on fish, shrimps and invertebrates. Its territorial call is a deep, raspy whoaa, lasting about 0.3 seconds and repeated every 5–15 seconds. Breeding has been recorded in both Vietnam and China. The clutch size is 3–5 eggs. In China, hatching has been observed in May, with an incubation period of about 25 days. In Vietnam, fledging has been observed in late April. Breeding seems to occur earlier in Vietnam than in China. The nest is in the shape of a circular tray. A study found that fledging occurred more than two months after hatching, longer than most other species of heron.

## Status and conservation

The IUCN Red List has listed the white-eared night heron as an endangered species because its population is small, fragmented and declining. In the 1990s, the species was considered very rare and listed as a critically endangered species. It was downlisted to an endangered species in 2000. Its population is estimated at 250–999 mature individuals and 350–1500 total individuals. It is threatened by deforestation, hunting, overfishing and water pollution. It has been discovered in many new localities, but the population is probably declining because of the threats. The species is listed as a Class II protected species in China. It occurs in protected areas in China and Vietnam, such as the Chebaling National Nature Reserve [zh] and Ba Be National Park.
# Medeon (Boeotia)

38°23′11″N 23°10′02″E﻿ / ﻿38.386401°N 23.167231°E﻿ / 38.386401; 23.167231
Medeon (Ancient Greek: Μεδεών) was a town of ancient Boeotia, mentioned by Homer in the Catalogue of Ships in the Iliad. Medeon is described by Strabo as a dependency of Haliartus, and situated near Onchestos, at the foot of Mount Phoenicium, from which position it was afterwards called Phoenicis.
The site of Medeon is located near modern Davlosi (Davlosis).
# Vladimir Kozlov (bobsleigh)

Vladimir Yevgenyevich Kozlov (Russian: Владимир Евгеньевич Козлов, born 7 March 1958) is a Soviet Ukrainian bobsledder who competed in the late 1980s. At the 1988 Winter Olympics in Calgary, he won two medals with a gold in the two-man event and a bronze in the four-man event.
# Colonnade

In classical architecture, a colonnade is a long sequence of columns joined by their entablature, often free-standing, or part of a building. Paired or multiple pairs of columns are normally employed in a colonnade which can be straight or curved. The space enclosed may be covered or open. In St. Peter's Square in Rome, Bernini's great colonnade encloses a vast open elliptical space.
When in front of a building, screening the door (Latin porta), it is called a portico. When enclosing an open court, a peristyle. A portico may be more than one rank of columns deep, as at the Pantheon in Rome or the stoae of Ancient Greece.
When the intercolumniation is alternately wide and narrow, a colonnade may be termed "araeosystyle" (Gr. αραιος, "widely spaced", and συστυλος, "with columns set close together"), as in the case of the western porch of St Paul's Cathedral and the east front of the Louvre.

## History

Colonnades (formerly as colonade) have been built since ancient times and interpretations of the classical model have continued through to modern times, and Neoclassical styles remained popular for centuries. At the British Museum, for example, porticos are continued along the front as a colonnade. The porch of columns that surrounds the Lincoln Memorial in Washington, D.C., (in style a peripteral classical temple) can be termed a colonnade. As well as the traditional use in buildings and monuments, colonnades are used in sports stadiums such as the Harvard Stadium in Boston, where the entire horseshoe-shaped stadium is topped by a colonnade. The longest colonnade in the United States, with 36 Corinthian columns, is the New York State Education Building in Albany, New York.

## Notable colonnades
### Ancient world

* The colonnade of Amenhotep III at the Luxor temple
* The Stoa of Attalos in the reconstructed Ancient Agora of Athens
* The Great Colonnade at Palmyra, Syria
* Baalbeck, Lebanon
* Ephesus
* Las Incantadas colonnade, demolished in 1864 by Emmanuel Miller
* Modern colonnade at the Santa Lucia rail station, Venice
* Piliers de Tutelle, Gallo-Roman portico demolished in 1677, France

### Renaissance and Baroque periods

* Palace of Charles V, Granada (1527)
* Bernini's colonnade St. Peter's Square, Vatican City (1660s)
* Detail of St. Peter's Square colonnade
* Colonnade of the Louvre, Paris (1670)

### Neoclassical

* The church of La Madeleine, Paris (consecrated 1842)
* Vaulted colonnade in the General Post Office, Sydney (1890s)
* Main entrance to the Fitzwilliam Museum, University of Cambridge (19th century)
* Colonnade of the Arcade du Cinquantenaire, Brussels (1905)
* New York State Education Building, Albany, New York (1912)

### Modern interpretations

* Palácio da Alvorada, by Oscar Niemeyer, in Brasília, Brazil (1958)
* Lebus Court, Bridges Hall of Music, Pomona College, by Myron Hunt in Claremont, California, United States (1915)
* Balch Hall, Scripps College by Sumner Hunt and Gordon Kaufmann in Claremont, California, United States (1929)
* Colonnade on the corner of Mission and First in downtown San Francisco
# Sumène

Sumène (French pronunciation:; Occitan: Sumena) is a commune in the Gard department in southern France.

## Geography
### Climate

Sumène has a hot-summer Mediterranean climate (Köppen climate classification Csa) closely bordering on a warm-summer Mediterranean climate (Csb). The average annual temperature in Sumène is 13.4 °C (56.1 °F). The average annual rainfall is 1,245.5 mm (49.04 in) with October as the wettest month. The temperatures are highest on average in July, at around 22.8 °C (73.0 °F), and lowest in January, at around 5.2 °C (41.4 °F). The highest temperature ever recorded in Sumène was 41.0 °C (105.8 °F) on 12 August 2003; the coldest temperature ever recorded was −13.8 °C (7.2 °F) on 15 January 1985.
Climate data for Sumène (1981−2010 normals, extremes 1978−2011) :
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 20.0 (68.0) | 22.0 (71.6) | 29.0 (84.2) | 31.2 (88.2) | 34.8 (94.6) | 37.0 (98.6) | 40.8 (105.4) | 41.0 (105.8) | 38.0 (100.4) | 31.0 (87.8) | 25.0 (77.0) | 20.4 (68.7) | 41.0 (105.8) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 10.0 (50.0) | 11.7 (53.1) | 15.8 (60.4) | 18.3 (64.9) | 22.7 (72.9) | 27.2 (81.0) | 30.8 (87.4) | 30.3 (86.5) | 25.4 (77.7) | 19.1 (66.4) | 13.5 (56.3) | 10.1 (50.2) | 19.6 (67.3) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 5.2 (41.4) | 6.1 (43.0) | 9.4 (48.9) | 11.9 (53.4) | 15.9 (60.6) | 19.8 (67.6) | 22.8 (73.0) | 22.4 (72.3) | 18.3 (64.9) | 13.9 (57.0) | 8.8 (47.8) | 5.7 (42.3) | 13.4 (56.1) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 0.4 (32.7) | 0.6 (33.1) | 3.0 (37.4) | 5.6 (42.1) | 9.1 (48.4) | 12.3 (54.1) | 14.7 (58.5) | 14.5 (58.1) | 11.3 (52.3) | 8.7 (47.7) | 4.0 (39.2) | 1.2 (34.2) | 7.2 (45.0) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −13.8 (7.2) | −13.0 (8.6) | −12.0 (10.4) | −2.5 (27.5) | 0.0 (32.0) | 4.5 (40.1) | 6.7 (44.1) | 5.0 (41.0) | 3.0 (37.4) | −3.0 (26.6) | −8.5 (16.7) | −9.4 (15.1) | −13.8 (7.2) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 97.5 (3.84) | 82.3 (3.24) | 65.0 (2.56) | 107.9 (4.25) | 98.7 (3.89) | 64.2 (2.53) | 37.8 (1.49) | 58.9 (2.32) | 150.7 (5.93) | 192.2 (7.57) | 152.8 (6.02) | 137.5 (5.41) | 1,245.5 (49.04) |
| Average precipitation days (≥ 1.0 mm) | 7.6 | 6.6 | 5.8 | 7.9 | 7.9 | 5.4 | 3.6 | 4.9 | 6.2 | 9.9 | 8.4 | 7.8 | 82.1 |
| Source: Météo-France ||||||||||||||
# HDMS Peder Skram

At least three ships of the Royal Danish Navy have been named Peder Skram:
* HDMS Peder Skram (1864), an ironclad built in the 1860s
* HDMS Peder Skram (1908), a coastal defense ship built in the early 1900s
* HDMS Peder Skram (F352), a frigate built in the 1960s
# The Autobiography and Sex Life of Andy Warhol

The Autobiography and Sex Life of Andy Warhol (ISBN 978-0-9706126-1-8) is a 1971 book by the British journalist John Wilcock. It was republished in June 2010 by Trela Media.
The book is a collection of oral interviews with some of Warhol's closest associates and superstars, including Leo Castelli, Charles Henri Ford, Henry Geldzahler, Gerard Malanga, Nico, Ultra Violet, Viva, Lou Reed, and Mario Amaya.

## History

John Wilcock was introduced to Andy Warhol through filmmaker Jonas Mekas, assisting on some of Warhol's early films, hanging out at his parties and quickly becoming a regular at The Factory. “About six months after I started hanging out at the old, silvery Factory on West 47th Street,” Wilcock later reflected, “[Gerard] Malanga came up to me and asked, ‘When are you going to write something about us?'” The book's title, originally suggested to Wilcock by Paul Morrissey, is misleading; the book is neither an autobiography nor a sexual exposé. Despite its small initial printing, the book was sold for upwards of $75 at some of the world's top art museums.
A review by Branden W. Joseph of Harvard University credited the “virtually self-published” volume as a trendsetter in Warhol studies, praising the “unassuming, slightly irreverent” tribute for the way it “cleverly engaged with Warhol’s self-fashioned image, reinforcing the impression that Warhol had nothing to say on his own behalf.”
# Bank of China Building

Bank of China Building may refer to:
* Bank of China Building, Shanghai
* Bank of China Building (Hong Kong)
* Bank of China Building, Macau
* Bank of China Building, Singapore
* Bank of China Building (Penang)