OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Soldatskoye, Starooskolsky District, Belgorod Oblast

Soldatskoye (Russian: Солдáтское) is a rural locality (a selo) and the administrative center of Soldatskoye Rural Settlement, Starooskolsky District, Belgorod Oblast, Russia. The population was 1,269 as of 2010. There are 34 streets.

## Geography

Soldatskoye is located 36 km southeast of Stary Oskol (the district's administrative centre) by road. Gudayevka is the nearest rural locality.
# Hemmatabad-e Chah Zahra-ye Bala

Hemmatabad-e Chah Zahra-ye Bala (Persian: همت ابادچاه زهرابالا, also Romanized as Hemmatābād-e Chāh Zahrā-ye Bālā; also known as Chāhzahrā) is a village in Golestan Rural District, in the Central District of Sirjan County, Kerman Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 18, in 4 families.
# Social education in Japan

Social education (shakaikyôiku 社会教育) is the Japanese word for nondegree-oriented education.
Modern Japan is unquestionably a society that values education highly (see Education in Japan). Diverse institutions, such as the miscellaneous schools, provide social education services. Large newspaper companies and local governments sponsor cultural centers that offer ongoing programs of informal education, and department stores organize curricula covering everything from cooking classes to music, English conversation (eikaiwa), and Japanese poetry.
"Lifelong learning," another term for social education, was also a key phrase in the education reforms of the late 1980s. The responsibility for social education is shared by all levels of government, but especially by local government. Local governments also are largely responsible for such public facilities as libraries and museums--basic resources in social education. The ministry of education is interested in increasing the use of public school facilities for lifelong learning activities, increasing the number of social education facilities, training staff, and disseminating information about lifelong learning opportunities.
The Japanese are voracious readers. Popular bookstores are full from the moment they open their doors each day with readers seeking books from a staggering range of foreign as well as Japanese titles. The top four national newspapers (Asahi Shimbun, Mainichi Shimbun, Yomiuri Shimbun, Nihon Keizai Shimbun) alone have a combined daily circulation (with two editions each day) of more than 35 million, and there are four daily English-language papers as well.
# Šujica, Dobrova–Polhov Gradec

Šujica (pronounced; German: Schuitze) is a clustered village on the left bank of the Gradaščica River, 1 km north of Dobrova in the Municipality of Dobrova–Polhov Gradec in the Upper Carniola region of Slovenia.

## Name

Šujica was first mentioned in written records between 1197 and 1202 as Sůz, and later in 1267 as in Scheuz and in 1354 as in der Schewez. It is also known locally and in older written sources as Švica. It shares its name with Šujica Creek, a left tributary of the Gradaščica River. The name of the settlement is based on the hydronym and is derived from the Slovene word šuj 'left' (cf. šujica 'left hand'), and therefore means 'left tributary (of the Gradaščica)'. In the past it was known as Schuitze in German.

## Notable people

Notable people that were born or lived in Šujica include:
* Ivan Dolničar (1921–2011), a.k.a. Janošik, Partisan and communist politician
* Vladimir "Lado" Dolničar (1919–2011), a.k.a. Rudi, People's Hero of Yugoslavia and Partisan

## Gallery

* Pietà shrine in the village center of Šujica
# Monségur, Landes

Monségur (French pronunciation:; Occitan: Montsegur) is a commune in the Landes department in Nouvelle-Aquitaine in south-western France.
# Argyrus (catepan of Italy)

Argyrus (or Argyros, Greek: Αργυρός; c. 1000–1068) was a Lombard nobleman and Byzantine general, son of the Lombard hero Melus. He was born in Bari.
Upon the defeat of Melus, who had rebelled against the Byzantines, at the battle of Cannae in 1018, Argyrus and his mother were captured and taken to Constantinople as prisoners. He was out of confinement by 1038, when he returned to Apulia, then in an uproar over being pressed into service during the Byzantine invasion of Sicily. The Lombard troops returned with their Norman and Varangian comrades in 1039, alienated by General George Maniaches.
In 1040, the Lombards of southern Italy revolted against their Greek overlords, with the support of Norman mercenaries, and slew the catepan Nikephoros Dokeianos. In March, the rebels scored a first victory, against the new catepan, Michael Dokeianos, near the Olivento. On 3 September 1041, they defeated another Byzantine catepan, Exaugustus, the son of Basil Boioannes, and took him captive. Soon they were joined by the Lombards and Normans of Melfi under Arduin. In February 1042, the original nominal leader, Atenulf, brother of the prince of Benevento, defected with the catepan's ransom money to the Greeks and was replaced by Argyrus. After some early successes, Argyrus also defected to the Byzantines. It is assumed that he received a bribe of money from Constantine IX, who certainly wrote him letters offering it, and the title of catepan of Italy.
When the revolt in Apulia was suppressed, the Byzantines, under advice from Argyrus, who travelled to Constantinople and received the title of "Duke of Italy, Calabria, Sicily, and Paphlagonia", formed an alliance with the Papacy to counter the emergence of the Norman menace in the area. One Sico, a protospatharios, was sent to assist him. Argyrus commanded the Byzantine army, which did not join the papal army at the Battle of Civitate, in which their forces were routed and Pope Leo IX was captured.
Argyrus was catepan until 1058. Little is known about him after that date: he perhaps died in 1068 at Bari, Vieste or Atella. Before his death he gave the Abbey of Farfa a rich silk garment which still exists.
# Coön

In Greek mythology, Coön (Ancient Greek: Κόων, gen. Κόωνος), also known as Cynon (Κύνων), was the eldest son of Antenor and Theano. Like most of his brothers, he fought and fell in the Trojan War.

## Family

Coön was the brother of Crino, Acamas, Agenor, Antheus, Archelochus, Demoleon, Eurymachus, Glaucus, Helicaon, Iphidamas, Laodamas, Laodocus, Medon, Polybus, and Thersilochus.

## Mythology

In the Iliad, he confronted Agamemnon over the body of his brother Iphidamas and wounded the opponent in the arm, but Agamemnon struck back and chopped Coön's head off. The fight between Agamemnon and Coön was depicted on the chest of Cypselus according to Pausanias.
# Nesna Church

Nesna Church (Norwegian: Nesna kirke) is a parish church of the Church of Norway in Nesna Municipality in Nordland county, Norway. It is located in the village of Nesna and it serves as the main church for the Nesna parish, which is part of the Nord-Helgeland prosti (deanery) in the Diocese of Sør-Hålogaland. The white, neo-gothic, wooden church was built in an octagonal cruciform style in 1880, based on plans drawn up by the architect Niels Stockfleth Darre Eckhoff. The church seats about 480 people.

## History

The earliest existing historical records of the church date back to the year 1589, but the church altarpiece is dated to the 1470s, suggesting that the church was likely founded around that time. The first church at Nesna was built about 50 metres (160 ft) north of the present. In 1666, a church inspection reported that the building was in need of major repairs, which were likely carried out soon afterwards. By 1750, the church was described as very neglected. In 1767, the old church was torn down, and a new church was constructed on the same site. It was a timber-framed, cruciform building painted red on the exterior.
In 1814, this church served as an election church (Norwegian: valgkirke). Together with more than 300 other parish churches across Norway, it acted as a polling station for elections to the 1814 Norwegian Constituent Assembly, which drafted the Constitution of Norway. This marked Norway's first national elections. Each church parish was a constituency that elected people called "electors" who later convened in each county to elect the representatives for the assembly that would meet at Eidsvoll Manor later that year.
By 1880, the congregation had outgrown the small church, so a new church was built about 50 metres (160 ft) south of the old church. After the new church was completed, the old church was torn down and the materials were sold. The new church was consecrated on 17 September 1880. This building also had cruciform shape, but slightly modified. The inner corners of the cruciform design were cut off, forming more of an octagonal central area.
# Jamshidabad, Yusefvand

Jamshidabad (Persian: جمشيداباد, also Romanized as Jamshīdābād; also known as Jamshīdābād-e Gorīrān) is a village in Yusefvand Rural District, in the Central District of Selseleh County, Lorestan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 100, in 22 families.
# Popovo Municipality

Popovo Municipality (Bulgarian: Община Попово) is a municipality (obshtina) in Targovishte Province, Northeastern Bulgaria, located in the eastern part of the Danubian Plain. It is named after its administrative centre - the town of Popovo.
The municipality embraces a territory of 833 km$^2$ (322 sq mi) with a population of 31,479 inhabitants, as of December 2009. The Hemus motorway is planned to cross the southern part of the area.

## Settlements

Popovo Municipality includes the following 34 places (towns are shown in bold):
| Town/Village | Cyrillic | Population (December 2009) |
| Popovo | Попово | 15,548 |
| Aprilovo | Априлово | 614 |
| Baba Tonka | Баба Тонка | 111 |
| Berkovski | Берковски | 108 |
| Braknitsa | Бракница | 79 |
| Dolets | Долец | 90 |
| Dolna Kabda | Долна Кабда | 243 |
| Drinovo | Дриново | 541 |
| Elenovo | Еленово | 481 |
| Gagovo | Гагово | 812 |
| Gloginka | Глогинка | 553 |
| Goritsa | Горица | 164 |
| Ivancha | Иванча | 29 |
| Konak | Конак | 93 |
| Kozitsa | Козица | 337 |
| Kardam | Кардам | 1,491 |
| Kovachevets | Ковачевец | 691 |
| Lomtsi | Ломци | 1,052 |
| Marchino | Марчино | 124 |
| Medovina | Медовина | 878 |
| Manastiritsa | Манастирица | 39 |
| Osikovo | Осиково | 205 |
| Palamartsa | Паламарца | 634 |
| Posabina | Посабина | 250 |
| Pomoshtitsa | Помощица | 120 |
| Sadina | Садина | 1,117 |
| Slavyanovo | Славяново | 861 |
| Svetlen | Светлен | 1,208 |
| Trastika | Тръстика | 311 |
| Voditsa | Водица | 796 |
| Zavetno | Заветно | 114 |
| Zaraevo | Зараево | 981 |
| Zvezda | Звезда | 204 |
| Zahari Stoyanovo | Захари Стояново | 374 |
| Total | | 31,479 |

## Demography

The following table shows the change of the population during the last four decades. Since 1992 Popovo Municipality has comprised the former municipalities of Sadina and Voditsa and the numbers in the table reflect this unification.
Popovo Municipality :
| Year | 1975 | 1985 | 1992 | 2001 | 2005 | 2007 | 2009 | 2011 |
| Population | 35,802 | 33,252 | 40,968 | 36,208 | 33,558 | 32,559 | 31,479 | 28,775 |
| Sources: Census 2001, Census 2011, „pop-stat.mashke.org“, |||||||||

### Ethnic composition

According to the 2011 census, among those who answered the optional question on ethnic identification, the ethnic composition of the municipality was the following:
| Ethnic group | Population | Percentage |
| Bulgarians | 18531 | 74.6% |
| Turks | 4556 | 18.3% |
| Roma (Gypsy) | 959 | 3.9% |
| Other | 155 | 0.6% |
| Undeclared | 631 | 2.5% |

#### Religion

According to the latest Bulgarian census of 2011, the religious composition, among those who answered the optional question on religious identification, was the following:
Religious composition of Popovo Municipality
Orthodox Christianity
68.5%
Catholicism
0.4%
Protestantism
0.3%
Islam
17.0%
No religion
3.7%
Prefer not to answer, others and indefinable
10.1% :
# Sari Bolagh, Ardabil

Sari Bolagh (Persian: ساري بلاغ, also Romanized as Sārī Bolāgh) is a village in Qeshlaq-e Jonubi Rural District, Qeshlaq Dasht District, Bileh Savar County, Ardabil Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 68, in 15 families.
# Holmedal Church (Kvinnherad)

Holmedal Church (Norwegian: Holmedal kyrkje) is a parish church of the Church of Norway in Kvinnherad Municipality in Vestland county, Norway. It is located in the village of Utåker. It is one of the three churches for the Husnes og Holmedal parish which is part of the Sunnhordland prosti (deanery) in the Diocese of Bjørgvin. The white, wooden church was built in a long church design in 1882 using plans drawn up by the architect F. Øvrevik. The church seats about 215 people.

## History

The church has been around since the Middle Ages. The earliest existing historical records of the church date back to the year 1360, but it was not new at that time. The first church was a wooden stave church with a tower that was likely built during the 13th century. The first church was located at Holmedal, about 1.7 kilometres (1.1 mi) to the northeast of the present church site. In both the 1600s and 1700s, major repairs were undertaken, including removing the tower. The nave measured approximately 13.8 by 7.5 metres (45 ft × 25 ft) with a choir that measured about 5 by 4.4 metres (16 ft × 14 ft). In 1724, the church was purchased from the Crown by Henrik H. Formann, the manager of the Lyse Abbey. The church was sold along with hundreds of other churches during the Norwegian church sale to raise money to pay down the debt from the Great Northern War.
By the early 1800s, the old church was in poor shape, so it was decided to tear down the old church and build a new one on the same site. In 1814, the old church was torn down and the owner at that time, Haktor Amundsen Tveit, paid to build a new church on the same site. The new church was a small rectangular church without a separate choir, no tower, and no sacristy. The church was approximately 16 by 7 metres (52 ft × 23 ft). In 1866, the parish purchased the church back from private owners at a cost of 325 Norwegian speciedalers. After the church was constructed the local parish priest, P. Bøckmann complained that it "looks like a barn building and not like a church, it is a cramped house, has no chancel building, no tower, not even a marking that indicates it is God's house" (Norwegian: “ser ud som en Ladebygning og ikke som en Kirke, er et for trangt Hus, ingen Korbygning, intet Taarn, end ikke en Fløi paa Møningen tyder paa at det er Guds Hus”).
On 11 December 1880, a royal resolution was passed that approved the moving of the Holmedal Church from its historic location to one that was more centrally located in the parish, about 1.7 kilometres (1.1 mi) to the southwest in the village of Utåker. In 1882, the church was taken down, moved, and rebuilt using a new design by the local lensmann F. Øvrevik from Skånevik. The new church has a choir that is approximately 4.5 by 5.6 metres (15 ft × 18 ft) and the nave is about 8.1 by 15.5 metres (27 ft × 51 ft). The church was renovated for the 100th anniversary in 1982 under the direction of architect Magne Ivarsøy.
# FC Energetik Uren

FC Energetik Uren (Russian: «Энергетик» (Урень)) was a Russian football team from Uren. It played professionally from 1996 to 2006 and in 2008. Their best result was 4th place in Zone Povolzhye of the Russian Second Division in 1998, 1999, 2001 and 2002.

## Team name history

* 1992–1997: FC Energetik Uren
* 1998: FC Energiya Uren
* 1999–2008: FC Energetik Uren
# Raisinghnagar Assembly constituency

Raisinghnagar Assembly constituency is one of constituencies of Rajasthan Legislative Assembly in the Ganganagar (Lok Sabha constituency).

## Members of the Legislative Assembly

| Year | Name | Party |
| 1957 | Chuni Lal | Indian National Congress |
| 1962 | Yogendra Nath | Communist Party of India |
| 1967 | Mulk Raj | Indian National Congress |
| 1972 | Bega Ram | Swatantra Party |
| 1977 | Dula Ram | Indian National Congress |
| 1980 | Dula Ram | Indian National Congress |
| 1985 | Manphool Ram | Indian National Congress |
| 1990 | Ram Swaroop | Janata Dal |
| 1993 | Mulk Raj | Indian National Congress |
| 1998 | Nihal Chand | Bharatiya Janata Party |
| 2000 | Sohan Lal Nayak | Indian National Congress |
| 2003 | Lalchand Chauhan | Bharatiya Janata Party |
| 2008 | Daulat Raj | Indian National Congress |
| 2013 | Sonadevi | National Unionist Zamindara Party |
| 2018 | Balvir Singh Luthra | Bhartiya Janata Party |
| 2023 | Sohan Lal Nayak | Indian National Congress |
* ↑ By-poll

## Election results
### 2023

2023 Rajasthan Legislative Assembly election: Raisinghnagar :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | INC | Sohan Lal Nayak | 79,586 | 37.08 |
| | BJP | Balveer Singh Luthra | 65,561 | 30.54 |
| | CPI(M) | Shyopat Ram | 61,057 | 28.44 |
| | | NOTA (None of the Above) + Rest of the candidates | ~8,200 | 3.94 |
| Majority | Majority | Majority | 14,025 | |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | | |
| | INC gain from BJP | INC gain from BJP | Swing | |

### 2018

2018 Rajasthan Legislative Assembly election: Raisinghnagar :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | BJP | Balvir Singh Luthra | 76,935 | 37.98 | +13.07 |
| | CPI(M) | Shyopat Ram | 43264 | 21.36 | +15.11 |
| | INC | Sona Devi | 31294 | 15.45 | −9.28 |
| | Independent | Sohan Lal Nayak | 38234 | 18.87 | +18.87 |
| | None of the above + Other | None of the Above + Others | 11815 | 5.86 | N/A |
| Majority | Majority | Majority | | | |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | | | |
| | BJP gain from | BJP gain from | Swing | | |
# Troposkein

In physics and geometry, the troposkein (from Ancient Greek: τρόπος, romanized: trópos, lit. 'turn' and: σχοῖνος, romanized: skhoînos, lit. 'rope') is the curve an idealized rope assumes when anchored at its ends and spun around its long axis at a constant angular velocity. This shape is similar to the shape assumed by a skipping rope, and is independent of rotational speed in the absence of gravity, but varies with respect to rotational speed in the presence of gravity. The troposkein does not have a closed-form representation; in the absence of gravity, though, it can be approximated by a pair of line segments spanned by a circular arc (tangential to the line segments at its endpoints). The form of a troposkein can be approximated for a given gravitational acceleration, rope density and angular velocity by iterative approximation. This shape is also useful for decreasing the stress experienced by the blades of a Darrieus vertical axis wind turbine.
# Iron Law (painting)

Iron Law (Norwegian: Jernloven) is a 1984 painting by the Norwegian artist Odd Nerdrum. It depicts two men in a grey and desolate coastal landscape, as the man to the right—wearing a blindfold—is about to strike the man to the left with a metal rod. In the background, a third man is running away from the scene.

## Themes

Iron Law was among the works that inaugurated a new phase in Nerdrum's career, where the artist abandoned the contemporary, concrete settings of his 1970s works. The American critic Paul Cantor associated this with Friedrich Nietzsche's concept of master–slave morality: "His early paintings portray the modern world of slave morality; his later paintings portray an ancient world of master morality." Cantor wrote that Iron Law "seems to depict the emergence of the master–slave relationship, the moment when the slave acknowledges the master. (...) Nerdrum seems to be suggesting that society originates in an act of violent mastery."

## Legacy

The painting inspired the Norwegian black metal band Solefald to write the song "Jernlov". The song gave its title to the band's first demo in 1995 and is the first track on their 1997 debut album, The Linear Scaffold, which also uses a Nerdrum painting (Return of the Sun) for its cover art.
# Zarnan, Tehran

Zarnan (Persian: زرنان, also romanized as Zarnān; also known as Zarnān-e Bālā, Qal‘eh-ye Bālā Zarnān, and Zard Āb) is a village in Danesh Rural District, in the Central District of Qods County, Tehran Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 562, in 155 families.
# Ullsfjord Church

Ullsfjord Church (Norwegian: Ullsfjord kirke) is a parish church of the Church of Norway in Tromsø Municipality in Troms county, Norway. It is located in the village of Sjursnes on the eastern shore of the Ullsfjorden. It is the main church for the Ullsfjord parish which is part of the Tromsø domprosti (arch-deanery) in the Diocese of Nord-Hålogaland. The white, wooden church was built in a long church style in 1862 by the architect Christian Heinrich Grosch. The church seats about 300 people.
# Karamabad, Doab

Karamabad (Persian: كرم اباد, also Romanized as Karamābād; also known as Karīmābād) is a village in Doab Rural District, in the Central District of Selseleh County, Lorestan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 24, in 5 families.
# Shoaib Ali Bukhari

Shoaib Ali Bukhari (Bengali: শোয়েব আলী বুখারী) is a cricket superfan from Bangladesh. He is known for attending matches at the Sher-e-Bangla National Cricket Stadium in Mirpur with tiger-themed body paint.

## Biography

Bukhari is a motor mechanic by profession and his father is a imam at a mosque. He has traveled to India, Sri Lanka, and Zimbabwe over nine years to support the Bangladesh national cricket team. He is supported by corporate entities, cricketers, and cricket board officials financially. He is referred to as "Tiger" by some Bangladesh cricketers.
# Old Nærbø Church

Old Nærbø Church (Norwegian: Nærbø gamle kirke) is a former parish church of the Church of Norway in Hå Municipality in Rogaland county, Norway. It is located in the village of Nærbø. It used to be the main church for the Nærbø parish which is part of the Jæren prosti (deanery) in the Diocese of Stavanger. The white, wooden church was built in a long church style in 1834 using designs by the architect Hans Linstow. The church seats about 350 people.

## History

The medieval Njærheim Church and Bø Church were located to the west and east of the present-day village now known as Nærbø. In the early 1830s, it was decided that both old church es should be torn down and the two parishes would be merged. The new parish was a combination of Njærheim and Bø and would be called Nærbø. The new parish would be based at a new church in a central location. The new church was completed in 1834 and it was known as Nærbø Church.
Over time, the church became too small for the growing community. In 2005, a "new" Nærbø Church was built in a more central part of the village. After the completion of the new church, this church has no longer been used for regular worship services and other activities. This church is now only used for special occasions. There is no graveyard surrounding the new church, so the graveyard surrounding the old church is still in use.
# Antiphilus of Byzantium

Antiphilus of Byzantium (Ancient Greek: Ἀντίφιλος ὁ Βυζάντιος) was a writer of epigrams who lived about the time of the Roman emperor Nero, as appears from one of his epigrams in which he mentions the favor conferred by that emperor upon the island of Rhodes.

## Epigrams

The number of Antiphilus' epigrams still extant is upwards of forty, and most of them are superior in conception and style to the majority of these compositions. Byzantine scholar Johann Jakob Reiske, in his notes on the Greek Anthology of Constantine Cephalas, was led, by the difference of style in some of the poems bearing the name of Antiphilus, to suppose that there were two or three poets of this name, and that their productions were all by mistake ascribed to the one poet of Byzantium. Other scholars think there is not sufficient ground for such an hypothesis.