OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Julius Friedländer (numismatist)

Eduard Julius Theodor Julius Friedländer (25 June 1813 – 4 April 1884) was a German numismatist.

## Biography

He was born on 25 June 1813 in Berlin. Friedländer's entire family embraced Protestant Christianity in 1820. After studying at the universities of Bonn and Berlin, and traveling in Italy (1838–1839), he obtained a position at the Königliche Sammlung der Antiken-Münzen in Berlin in 1840. During his travels to Italy (1844–1847) with his friend Theodor Mommsen he acquired further numismatic material which he brought to Berlin. In 1868 he became director of the numismatic section of the Berlin Museum. In 1872 he was elected a member of the Berlin Academy of Sciences.
From his literary remains Rudolf Weil published Repertorium zur Antiken Numismatik, a supplement to Théodore Edme Mionnet's Description des Médailles Antiques, Berlin, 1885. In 1891, in occasion of the 5th convention of German numismatists in Dresden a medal was issued in his honour.

## Literary works

Besides numerous papers in numismatic journals, he wrote:
* "Die Münzen des Johanniterordens auf Rhodos", (English: Coins of the Knights of Rhodes), Berlin, 1843
* "Die Münzen Justinians", (with Moritz Pinder), (English: Coins of Justinian), 1843
* "Die Münzen der Ostgothen", (English: Coins of the Ostrogoths), ib. 1844
* "Die Münzen der Vandalen", (English: Coins of the Vandals), ib. 1849
* "Die Oskischen Münzen", (English: Oscan Coins), Leipzig, 1850
* "Das Königliche Münzkabinet", (with Von Sallet), (English: The Royal Coin Cabinet), 2d ed., Berlin, 1877
* Supplement, 1882
* "Die Italienischen Schaumünzen des 15. Jahrhunderts", (English: Italian Medals of the 15th Century), ib. 1880-82
* "Verzeichnis von Griechischen Münzen, Welche aus Modernen Stempeln Geprägt Sind", (English: List of modern Greek coins and stamps), ib. 1883
# National road 6 (Poland)

National Road 6 (Polish: Droga krajowa 6, abbreviated DK 6) is a route belonging to the Polish national roads network. The route is in the north of Poland and runs from the German border, in Kołbaskowo-Nadrensee, to Łęgowo for 351 km. The route runs through the West Pomeranian Voivodeship and the Pomeranian Voivodeship; it is important for transportation between the two largest agglomerations in northern Poland, Szczecin and the Tricity.
The National Road 6 runs from Kołbaskowo and ends in Łęgowo, near Pruszcz Gdański, on the roundabout with the National Road 91.

## A6 motorway

The route Kołbaskowo - Kijewo - Dąbie has the status of the A6 motorway. A part of the route Dąbie - Rzęśnica is also labelled as a motorway.

## Expressway S6

A part of the route on the northern bypass, Southern Słupsk Bypass and the western part of the Tricity Beltway, Rzęśnica - Goleniów, the road has the status of an expressway. The Tricity Beltway and the southern Słupsk bypass is presented as the S6 Expressway, with the Rzęśnica–Goleniów route being part of the National Road 3 and S3 Expressway.

## Important settlements along the National Road 6

* Szczecin
* Goleniów
* Płoty
* Karlino
* Koszalin
* Sianów
* Sławno
* Słupsk
* Lębork
* Wejherowo
* Reda
* Rumia
* Gdynia
* Gdańsk
* Pruszcz Gdański
* Rusocin
# Saint-Pons-de-Mauchiens

Saint-Pons-de-Mauchiens (French pronunciation:; Occitan: Sant Ponç de Mauchins) is a commune in the Hérault department in the Occitanie region in southern France.

## Geography

A tiny village perched on a hill, St. Pons de Mauchiens is a typical example of the circulade type of village dating back to the eleventh and twelfth centuries. The Bishops of Agde built the city castle in 1199. A fine mill, the "Moulin de Roquemengarde" on the river Hérault is only 4 km away. To really escape from the modern world, there is a recently restored footpath (17 km), nicely marked, leading from the village environs right out into the hilly garrigue countryside, perfumed with thyme, lavender and rosemary.

## History

There is a legend about the village's name. One of the castle's lords owned a pack of ferocious dogs ("chiens" in French) that he let loose at nightfall. One day, he arrived home late and the castle doors were locked. The dogs did not recognize their master, savagely attacking his throat, tearing him to pieces. His last words were "Mauvais chiens !" The village is called St-Pons-de-MAUCHIENS, machines being an abbreviation of 'Mauvais chiens'.

## Sport

Saint-Pons-de-Mauchiens has Hérault's only cricket club, allowing league and friendly play against visiting touring sides. The club also demonstrates and coaches cricket in local village schools.

## Personalities

* Marie Sagnier, born 28 February 1898 in St-Pons-de-Mauchiens, died 1996. Righteous among the Nations for saving Jewish children in her then primary school at Murat (Cantal), Auvergne In French
# Eduard Gans

Eduard Gans (March 22, 1797 – May 5, 1839) was a German jurist.

## Biography

Gans was born in Berlin to prosperous Jewish parents. He studied law first at the Friedrich Wilhelm University, Berlin, then at Göttingen, and finally at Heidelberg, where he attended G. W. F. Hegel's lectures, and became thoroughly imbued with the principles of Hegel's philosophy. In 1820, after taking his doctor's degree, he returned to Berlin as a lecturer. In 1825 he converted to the Evangelical Church in Prussia, and the following year was appointed extraordinary, and in 1828 ordinary, professor in the Berlin University faculty of law. Before converting, he was a member of the Society for the Culture and Science of the Jews, alongside Joel Abraham List, Isaac Marcus Jost and Leopold Zunz.
At this period, the historical school of jurisprudence was coming to the front. Gans, his Hegelian tendencies predisposing him to treat law historically, applied the method to one special branch—the right of succession. His great work, Erbrecht in weltgeschichtlicher Entwicklung (1824, 1825, 1829 and 1835), is of enduring value, not only for its extensive survey of facts, but for the admirable manner in which the general theory of the slow evolution of legal principles is presented.
In 1830, and again in 1835, Gans visited Paris, and formed an intimate acquaintance with the leaders of literary culture and criticism there. The liberality of his views, especially on political matters, drew upon Gans the displeasure of the Prussian government, and his course of lectures on the history of the last fifty years (published as Vorlesungen über die Geschichte der letzten fünfzig Jahre, Leipzig, 1833–1834) was prohibited. He died in Berlin.
Other works are a treatise on the fundamental laws of property (Über die Grundlage des Besitzes, Berlin, 1829), a portion of a systematic work on the Roman civil law (System des römischen Zivilrechts, 1827), and a collection of his miscellaneous writings (Vermischte Schriften. 1832). Gans edited the Philosophie der Geschichte in Hegel's Werke, and contributed a preface. He also wrote Das Erbrecht in Weltgeschichtlicher Entwickelung (4 vols., 1834) which was translated into French.
# James Israel

James Adolf Israel (2 February 1848 – 2 February 1926) was a German surgeon.

## Academic background

Israel was a native of Berlin, where he was born to Jewish parents. In 1870, Israel received his medical doctorate from Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität in Berlin, where he studied under Ludwig Traube (1818–1876). During the Franco-Prussian War, he served as a military physician, afterwards furthering his studies in Vienna (1871).
During the following year (1872), he became an assistant physician at the hospital for the Jewish community. In 1875, after furthering his education in England and Scotland, he was appointed deputy physician-in-chief of the surgical department of the Jewish hospital in Berlin, where, in 1880, he was promoted to chief-in-chief.
In 1894, he received the title of professor. Among his students in Berlin was surgeon Ferdinand Karewski (1858-1923).

## Contributions in medicine

Israel was a pioneer in modern urologic and renal surgery. His inaugural thesis involved Bright's kidney disease, and his first report of an operation of the kidney was in 1882. He published over 100 articles during his career, largely on urologic medicine. He was co-founder of the journal Folia Urologica.
Israel made significant contributions in the field of plastic surgery, in particular, oral and maxillofacial surgery. He was also an early advocate of Joseph Lister's antiseptic practices in the operating room. In addition, he is credited for design of a mobile hospital railcar known as a "lazarett".
In 1878, he provided the first description of actinomycosis in humans, caused by a pathogen that was later given the name Actinomyces israelii.

## Associated eponym

The Nicoladoni-Israel-Branham sign is a circulatory phenomenon seen in angioma racemosum of the extremities. It was first described in 1875 by Carl Nicoladoni (1847–1902).

## Selected writings

* Fünf Fälle von diffuser Nephritis (Five cases of diffuse nephritis). Medical dissertation, Berlin 1870.
* Angiectasie im Stromgebiete der A. tibialis antica.
* Beobachtung einiger bemerkenswerther Phaenomene nach Unterbindung der A. femoralis . (Observations of a remarkable phenomena after removal of the femoral artery). Klin Arch Chir 1877; 21 109.
* Klinische Beiträge zur Kenntnis der Aktinomykose des Menschen. (Clinical contributions to the knowledge of actinomycosis in humans). Berlin 1885.
* Ueber Reincultur des Actinomyces und seine Uebertragbarkeit auf Thiere. Archiv Pathologische Anatomie; (1891); 126:11–28, (with Max Wolff).
* Chirurgische Klinik der Nierenkrankheiten. (Surgical clinic of renal disease). Berlin 1901.
* Die Chirurgie der Niere und des Harnleiters. (The surgery of the kidney and ureter). 1926.
# Zoopigi

Zoopigi (Greek: Ζωοπηγή) is a village one kilometre north of Kalo Chorio in the Limassol District of Cyprus.
# The Cornerstone of the Corner Store

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| RapReviews | 7.5/10 |
The Cornerstone of the Corner Store is the third studio album by American rapper Vinnie Paz. It was released on October 28, 2016, by Enemy Soil Entertainment and The Orchard.
Music videos were released for the songs "The Void" and "The Ghost I Used to Be", both featuring singer Eamon.
# Nire aitaren etxea defendituko dut

Nire aitaren etxea defendituko dut (transl. I shall defend my father's house) is the best known poem by Basque language poet Gabriel Aresti (1933–1975). It was first published in the book Harri eta Herri ("Stone and People/Country") in 1964. Gabriel Aresti, using the metaphor of the "father's house" makes a claim to defend the Basque Country.
This poem could be one of the poem with most translations in the world. Patxi Oroz Arizkuren published a book with 740 translations in 2017.
# Carlo Alberto inedito

Carlo Alberto inedito, in full: Carlo Alberto inedito: il diario autografo del re, lettere intime ed altri scritti inediti is a history book by Italian historian Francesco Salata, published in 1931 by Mondadori.

## Overview

The book reports previously unknown fragments written by Charles Albert of Sardinia in his private notes in the period from 1831 to spring 1832, plus, with several gaps, the period from spring 1832 to 1841. The first fragment dates from just 7 months after Charles became King of Sardinia. The book contains correspondence between King Charles and other kings and ministers from other countries. It is a "precious mine of news on the politics of the main European countries." It contains "scattered and lucid thoughts of a great economist, of a sovereign, but also of a man who offers his help to friends". For example, one note regarding the Duchess of Barry, to whom Charles was intimately bond, reads:
   The Duchess of Berry arrived in Genoa under the name of Comtesse de Sagona in the month of July, while I was there; but, out of delicacy, she did not let me know of her arrival. Scarcely had I reached Turin than she wrote to tell me of her plans, saying that she had come to Italy relying on my assistance and hoping for everything from me.
Among the letters reported by Salata in the book are also the two dramatic ones from King Charles to Maria di Robilant from Oporto, written a few days before his death.

## Reception

The book was praised in Italy and abroad. Paul Guiton from Tour le livres underscored that its explanations of certain "diplomatic complications" were useful in his era, which he says bore resemblances to that of Charles Albert. Gioacchino Volpe from Il Corriere della Sera praised it for its collection of documents, "enriched, by the diligent and learned editor, with introductory pages and notes that constitute a sober and effective illustration." Adolfo Franci from L'Ambrosiano praised its artistic value.
# MFF Super Cup

Mongolia Super Cup is an annual football match in Mongolia, played between the winners of the Mongolia Premier League and the MFF Cup.

## List of finals

* 2011: Erchim 2–1 FC Ulaanbaatar
* 2012: Erchim 7–2 Khasiin Khulguud
* 2013: Erchim 2–1 Khangarid FC
* 2014: Erchim bt Khoromkhon FC
* 2015: Erchim 6–0 FC Ulaanbaatar
* 2016: Not played, moved from end of season to start of next season
* 2017: Ulaanbaatar City FC 4–2 Erchim
* 2018: Erchim 4–2 Athletic 220
* 2019: Erchim 4–0 Ulaanbaatar City FC
* 2020: FC Ulaanbaatar 2–0 Athletic 220
* 2021: Not held because of the COVID-19 pandemic
* 2022: Deren 2–0 Athletic 220
* 2022: Erchim 1–1 pso (3–2) FC Ulaanbaatar
* 2023: Ulaanbaatar 1–2 Deren FC
* 2024: Bulgan SP Falcons 3–1 Khangarid FC
# Saint-Colomb-de-Lauzun

Saint-Colomb-de-Lauzun (French pronunciation:, literally Saint-Colomb of Lauzun; Occitan: Sent Colomb de Lausun) is a commune in the Lot-et-Garonne department in south-western France.
# PAO Varda F.C.

Pamvouprasiakos Athlitikos Omilos Vardas (Greek: Παμβουπρασιακός Α.Ο. Βάρδας), aka PAO Vardas, is a football club founded in 1948 in Varda. The team colors are green and white and the headquarters of the club is the stage "Gregory Kalakos" .

## History

The Initial Name of the team was Asteras Varda and the colors were crimson, black and white. The name was changed to Pambouprasiakos Sports Group Vardas PAO Varda on 11 January 1958.
PAO Vardas for the first time in its history became Champion of Elis in 1991–92 and won promotion to Delta Ethniki. PAO Vardas played in Delta Ethniki for the 2003–04 and 2004–05 seasons, and won promotion to Gamma Ethniki, but the following year was relegated and played the 2007–08 season in Delta Ethniki. During 2008–09, after fruitless efforts to find a solution to the administrative problem of the group, it was announced that it will not participate in the league.
Since 2013, the team participating in Gamma Ethniki.
# 2022 Toray Pan Pacific Open

The 2022 Toray Pan Pacific Open was a professional women's tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts. It was the 37th edition of the Pan Pacific Open, and part of the WTA 500 tournaments of the 2022 WTA Tour. It took place at the Ariake Coliseum in Tokyo, Japan. It was the first event since 2019, with the 2020 and 2021 events cancelled due to the COVID-19 pandemic.

## Champions
### Singles

* Liudmila Samsonova def. Zheng Qinwen 7–5, 7–5
This is Samsonova's third singles title of the season and fourth of her career.

### Doubles

* Gabriela Dabrowski / Giuliana Olmos def. Nicole Melichar-Martinez / Ellen Perez 6–4, 6–4

## Points and prize money
### Point distribution

| Event | W | F | SF | QF | Round of 16 | Round of 32 | Q | Q2 | Q1 |
| Singles | 470 | 305 | 185 | 100 | 55 | 1 | 25 | 13 | 1 |
| Doubles | 470 | 305 | 185 | 100 | 1 | — | — | — | — |

## Singles main draw entrants
### Seeds

| Country | Player | Rank | Seeds |
| ESP | Paula Badosa | 4 | 1 |
| FRA | Caroline Garcia | 10 | 2 |
| ESP | Garbiñe Muguruza | 12 | 3 |
| | Veronika Kudermetova | 13 | 4 |
| BRA | Beatriz Haddad Maia | 18 | 5 |
| CZE | Karolína Plíšková | 20 | 6 |
| USA | Alison Riske-Amritraj | 23 | 7 |
| KAZ | Elena Rybakina | 25 | 8 |
* Rankings are as of September 12, 2022

### Other entrants

The following players received wild cards into the main singles draw:
* Mai Hontama
* Yuki Naito
* Elena Rybakina
The following player used a protected ranking to enter the main draw:
* Sofia Kenin
The following players received entry from the singles qualifying draw:
* Fernanda Contreras Gómez
* Despina Papamichail
* Ellen Perez
* Rina Saigo
* Isabella Shinikova
* You Xiaodi

### Withdrawals
#### Before the tournament

* Sorana Cîrstea → replaced by Daria Saville
* Daria Kasatkina → replaced by Wang Xinyu
* Yulia Putintseva → replaced by Wang Qiang
* Aryna Sabalenka → replaced by Claire Liu

#### During the tournament

* Naomi Osaka (abdominal pain)

### Retirements

* Daria Saville (torn ACL)

## Doubles main draw entrants
### Seeds

| Country | Player | Country | Player | Rank$^1$ | Seed |
| | Veronika Kudermetova | BEL | Elise Mertens | 7 | 1 |
| CAN | Gabriela Dabrowski | MEX | Giuliana Olmos | 19 | 2 |
| USA | Desirae Krawczyk | NED | Demi Schuurs | 28 | 3 |
| USA | Nicole Melichar-Martinez | AUS | Ellen Perez | 29 | 4 |
* Rankings are as of September 12, 2022

### Other entrants

The following pair received a wildcard into the doubles main draw:
* Misaki Doi / Kurumi Nara
The following pair received entry as alternates:
* Mai Hontama / Yuki Naito

### Withdrawals
#### Before the tournament

* Beatriz Haddad Maia / Zhang Shuai → replaced by Mai Hontama / Yuki Naito
* Xu Yifan / Yang Zhaoxuan → replaced by Miyu Kato / Wang Xinyu
# Group Portrait of an Unknown Family or Company

Group Portrait of an Unknown Family or Company (1658–1660) is an oil-on-canvas painting by the Dutch Golden Age painter Pieter de Hooch. It is part of the collection of the Academy of Fine Arts Vienna.
The painting was documented by Hofstede de Groot in 1908, who wrote:
   321. FAMILY IN THE COURTYARD OF A HOUSE. De G. 87. Three women and four men are assembled in a courtyard, on the right of which is the town wall. A fifth man is going away through the adjacent garden, upon which a wooden door opens in the middle distance. Three of the principal figures a grey-bearded old man in dark clothes with a black cap, and two elderly women in black with white caps and collars are seated on the righit, in front of an arbour, at a table on which stands a dish of grapes and peaches. On the tiled pavement a watch-dog lies at the feet of one of the women. From the left come a man and a woman; the man is in black, with a broad-brimmed hat, and rests his right hand on his hip; the woman wears a red petticoat trimmed with gold lace, a bodice of brocade, a black hood, and pearls in her hair and ears, and holds a peach in her left hand. Farther back in the middle of the picture stands a fair-haired young man, facing the spectator; he wears a broad-brimmed hat, a light grey doublet and riding-cloak, pale blue breeches, and black and white rosettes on his shoes. An older man, dressed in similar fashion, but more simply, comes down a wooden staircase on the right. The tendrils of a creeper growing on the town wall over-spread the arbour. To the left of it is a rose-tree in full bloom on the fence. In the background are seen some gables and the tower of the Nieuwe Kerk in Delft. The lighting is uniform in quality. Signs of an alteration in the design may be seen to the right of the leg of the man standing on the left; and the old man on the right appears to have been once seated at a lower level. It is a good work of the first period. [Compare 294.] Canvas, 45 1/2 inches by 38 1/2 inches. Long ascribed in error to J. Vermeer by Erasm. Engert, Waagen, and Bürger (Gazette des Beaux-Arts, 1866, p. 550, No. 13). Presented by Graf Lamberg in 1821, as a Terborch, to the Akademie der bildenden Künste, Vienna, where it is No. 715 in the 1900 catalogue.
# Gudaičiai, Kėdainiai

Gudaičiai (formerly Polish: Gudajcie, Russian: Гудайцы) is a village in Kėdainiai district municipality, in Kaunas County, in central Lithuania. According to the 2011 census, the village had a population of 2 people. It is located 2 kilometres (1.2 mi) from Pašušvys, by the Dargaitė rivulet and the Skerdūmė Pond, nearby the Lapkalnys-Paliepiai Forest.
At the beginning of the 20th century Gudaičiai village belonged to the Tyszkiewicz family.

## Demography

| Year | Pop. | ±% p.a. |
| 1902 | 127 | — |
| 1923 | 114 | −0.51% |
| 1959 | 105 | −0.23% |
| 1970 | 72 | −3.37% |
| Year | Pop. | ±% p.a. |
| 1979 | 19 | −13.76% |
| 1989 | 12 | −4.49% |
| 2001 | 6 | −5.61% |
| 2011 | 2 | −10.40% |
Source: 1902, 1923, 1959 & 1970, 1979, 1989, 2001, 2011 :
# Arexion

Arexion (Ancient Greek: Ἀρηξίων) was a seer (Greek μάντις, one who practices divination). He served under Xenophon with the Ten Thousand in the Persian Expedition recorded by Xenophon in his work, Anabasis. He was the presiding soothsayer during this expedition after Silanos from Ambracia deserted the army. As a soothsayer he practiced extispicy, the observance of animal entrails to foresee future events. He is also referred to as Arexion the Arcadian (Ἀρηξίων Ἀρκάς) which indicates he was a native of Arcadia, a region in the center of the Peloponnese.
Seers were not always mentioned in battle accounts, but they were always present. The Greek army took soothsaying very seriously and would not advance until the seers would reveal favorable omens. They make their appearance in Herodotus and Xenophon when their actions seemed unusually noteworthy. Arexion the Seer is mentioned twice in the Anabasis, the first time being when the army is in Port Calpe in Asiatic Thrace. After Arexion's sacrifice did not give good omens, the Greek army waited a day. Two sets of three sacrifices were made by Arexion and other soothsayers the following day with still no favorable results. Later Arexion is mentioned sacrificing before the battle with Spithridates and Rhathines from Pharnabazus, this time obtaining favorable omens with his first sacrifice.
# Star Wars: Lords of the Sith

Star Wars: Lords of the Sith is a Star Wars novel by Paul S. Kemp, published in April 2015. Set between the film Revenge of the Sith and the novel Star Wars: Tarkin, as well as the TV show Star Wars Rebels, it features Darth Vader and Emperor Palpatine facing off against revolutionaries, led by Rebel Alliance Partisan Cham Syndulla. Lords of the Sith was one of the first four novels published in the franchise after Lucasfilm redefined Star Wars continuity in April 2014.

## Overview

In Lords of the Sith, Vader and Palpatine find themselves hunted by revolutionaries on the Twi'lek planet Ryloth.

## Publication

With the 2012 acquisition of Lucasfilm by The Walt Disney Company, most of the licensed Star Wars novels and comics produced since the originating 1977 film Star Wars were rebranded as Star Wars Legends and declared non-canon to the franchise in April 2014. Lords of the Sith was subsequently announced as one of the first four canon novels to be released in 2014 and 2015.

## Impact

Lords of the Sith introduces Moff Delian Mors, a lesbian whom New York Daily News noted is the first openly gay character in the new Star Wars canon.

## Reception

IGN gave a score 8.5 out of 10, and called it a well done novel with a rushed ending. Den of Geek said the novel "will likely be a satisfying read for fans of Vader and Palpatine."
# Casteide-Cami

Casteide-Cami (French pronunciation:; Occitan: Castèida deu Camin) is a commune in the Pyrénées-Atlantiques department in south-western France.
# Sar Darreh, Kurdistan

Sar Darreh (Persian: سردره) is a village in Zu ol Faqr Rural District, Sarshiv District, Saqqez County, Kurdistan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 355, in 68 families. The village is populated by Kurds.