OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Prince of Viana

The Prince or Princess of Viana (Spanish: Príncipe de Viana, Basque: Vianako Printzea) is one of the titles of the heir of the Crown of Spain. Other associated titles originate from the rest of the kingdoms that formed Spain: Prince of Asturias, Prince of Girona, Duke of Montblanc, Count of Cervera and Lord of Balaguer.

## History

Originally it was the title of the heir of the Kingdom of Navarre. It was instituted by Charles III for his grandson Charles, born of the marriage between his daughter Blanche I of Navarre and John II of Aragon. The title was used also for Gaston, the son and heir of Eleanor of Navarre and Gaston IV of Foix. Its creation and use was a reflection of a Western European trend of bestowing upon the heirs of a kingdom rents for his personal benefit. In pre-unification Spain, the comparable titles were Prince of Asturias, in Castile and Prince of Girona, in Aragon. In other European states, similar titles included Dauphin, in France, Prince of Beira or Prince of Brazil, in Portugal and Prince of Wales, in England.
Due to several historical events, such as the 15th century dynastic union of Spain between Isabella I of Castile and Ferdinand II of Aragon, as well as the early 16th century invasion and annexation of Navarre by Ferdinand II of Aragon, the title lost its importance. This was exacerbated when the Kingdom of Navarre ended up divided between the Kingdom of France and the Kingdom of Spain. While the title "Prince of Viana" has recently been revived, Viana itself no longer provides the heir with an income. Rather, it symbolizes the historical continuity of the former Crown of Navarre within the united Spanish monarchy.
The current holder of the Principality of Viana is Princess Leonor, daughter of Felipe VI of Spain and Queen Letizia. Leonor also uses the rest of the traditional titles of the heir of the Spanish Crown: Prince of Asturias, Prince of Girona, Duke of Montblanc and Lord of Balaguer.
There are still a few people left with the royal surname of Viana, though they no longer have the Spanish Throne.
# Terenah

Terenah (from Arabic: تـِرنـُه, in Persian: ترنه), the unique ancient methods of ancient Kukherd population have been using to transfer the sweet water from Mehran salty river to the other bank of the river order to water their lands.
The Terenah is a water management system used and ruins are located in the Kukherd District (Persian: بخش كوخرد), in Hormozgan Province. They are under the administration of the city of Bastak.
The Terenah are an archaeological site of Sassanid architecture.

## Technical features

Terenah are constructed as a series of well-like vertical shafts, connected by gently sloping tunnels. Terenah tap into subterranean water in a manner that efficiently delivers large quantities of water to the surface without need for pumping. The water drains relying on gravity, with the destination lower than the source, which is typically an upland aquifer. Terenah allow water to be transported over long distances in hot dry climates without losing a large proportion of the water to seepage and evaporation.

## Impact of Terenah on settlement patterns

A typical town or city in Iran and elsewhere where the qanat is used has more than one Terenah. Fields and gardens are located both over the Terenah a short distance before they emerge from the ground and after the surface outlet. Water from the Terenah defines both the social regions in the city and the layout of the city.
The water is freshest, cleanest, and coolest in the upper reaches and more prosperous people live at the outlet or immediately upstream of the outlet. When the Terenah is still below grade, the water is drawn to the surface via water wells or animal driven Persian wells. Private subterranean reservoirs could supply houses and buildings for domestic use and garden irrigation as well. Further, air flow from the Terenah is used to cool an underground summer room (shabestan) found in many older houses and buildings.
# Kovylkinsky District

Kovylkinsky District (Russian: Ковы́лкинский райо́н; Moksha: Лашмонь аймак, Lašmoń ajmak; Erzya: Ковёлбуе, Kovölbuje) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the twenty-two in the Republic of Mordovia, Russia. It is located in the south of the republic. The area of the district is 2,013 square kilometers (777 sq mi). Its administrative center is the town of Kovylkino (which is not administratively a part of the district). As of the 2010 Census, the total population of the district was 22,523.

## Administrative and municipal status

Within the framework of administrative divisions, Kovylkinsky District is one of the twenty-two in the republic. The district is divided into 21 selsoviets which comprise 106 rural localities. The town of Kovylkino serves as its administrative center, despite being incorporated separately as a town of republic significance—an administrative unit with the status equal to that of the districts.
As a municipal division, the district is incorporated as Kovylkinsky Municipal District, with the town of republic significance of Kovylkino being incorporated within it as Kovylkino Urban Settlement. Its twenty-one selsoviets are incorporated as twenty-one rural settlements within the municipal district. The town of Kovylkino serves as the administrative center of the municipal district as well.

## Notable people

Soviet/Russian artist Fedot Sychkov was born in 1870 in the territory of modern Kovylkinsky District, in the selo of Kochelayevo. Sychkov museum was opened in 1970.
Footballer Mikhail Markin was born in 1993 in Kovylkino.
# Mixobarbaroi

Mixobarbaroi (Greek: μιξοβάρβαροι, Latin: semibarbari, "semi-/mixed/half barbarians") was an ethnographical term first used in Classical Greece by authors to denote people who lived in the frontiers of the oikoumene, and had qualities of both the civilized peoples and the barbarians, as seen in the works of Euripides, Plato and Xenophon. It would later come to describe mixed Greeks or other people mixed with "barbarians" in the Greek lands of cultural plurality.
In the Plato dialogue Menexenus, a group of "barbarians" considered themselves Greeks, but were not full-blooded Greeks, thus only "mixobarbaroi". Xenophon describes the people of Cedreiae in Asia Minor, who were allies to Athens, as "mixobarbaroi", meaning those who were bound to treaties with Athens but were not Athenian.
After the Christianization of the Byzantine Empire and the first Christian emperor Constantine I, the term is used to denote non-Romans of Christian faith living in the frontiers bound by treaties to the emperor, thus being of half-barbarian stock opposed to ordinary "barbarians" who were either non-civilized, pagan or not living in the frontiers.
In Byzantine times this term was used by authors chiefly in the 11th and 12th centuries to denote ethnically and linguistically mixed populations, such as those that existed in the Danube provinces. Anna Comnena refers to the people of Paristrion as "mixobarbaroi", distinguished from the Scythians whom they nevertheless shared language with. The term also came to be used by many contemporary authors in the aftermath of the Turkish Invasions of Anatolia, primarily in reference to the offspring of Turkish men with native Christian women. Speros Vryonis has commented that the 'Mixovarvaroi' were considerable in number by the early 12th century and, whilst evidence suggests that these offspring often spoke Greek as well as Turkish, the majority were of the Muslim faith and considered themselves to be Turks. Over time this phenomenon played a part in the reduction of the Christian population and the Islamification and Turkification of Anatolia:
"In the long run their (mixovarvaroi) appearance in Anatolia resulted in a process that favoured the growth of the Muslim population at the expense of the Christian population, because Muslim society dominated politically and militarily. It is interesting, but unprofitable, to speculate about what would have happened to the Anatolian mixovarvaroi under different political circumstances."
The term mixo-barbarous refers to the writing language of Modern Greek that was characterized with Hellenic phrases, ancient syntax and overall ancient mimic but combined with modern and foreign etymology applied to the vulgar dialect used by Greeks during and after the fall of Constantinople.
# (We Want) The Same Thing

"(We Want) The Same Thing" is a song by American singer Belinda Carlisle. Written by Rick Nowels and Ellen Shipley, it was produced by Nowels for Carlisle's third album, Runaway Horses (1989). In Japan, it was released simultaneously with "Leave a Light On" as the album's lead single on October 21, 1989, while in the United Kingdom, it was issued as the album's fifth single in October 1990. To help promote the single in the UK, Virgin Records released a deluxe 12-inch vinyl box set with free stickers and a picture disc single on CD, in addition to standard formats. The single peaked at number six on the UK Singles Chart and spent 10 weeks in the top 75.

## Single remix

The single version of "(We Want) The Same Thing" is different than the original version found on Runaway Horses. The intro of the single version includes chants of 'Hey!' repeated four times before a drum piece introduces the song. In the Runaway Horses album booklet, the lyrics listed for "(We Want) The Same Thing" vary from the actual version on the album but match the lyrics for the single version.

## Charts

| Chart (1990) | Peak position |
| Australia (ARIA) | 103 |
| Europe (Eurochart Hot 100) | 25 |
| European Airplay (European Hit Radio) | 22 |
| Germany (GfK) | 53 |
| Ireland (IRMA) | 22 |
| UK Singles (OCC) | 6 |

## Release history

| Region | Date | Format(s) | Label(s) |
| Japan | October 21, 1989 | Mini-CD | Virgin Japan |
| United Kingdom | October 1, 1990 | 7-inch vinyl12-inch vinylCDcassette | Virgin |
| United Kingdom | October 15, 1990 | 12-inch vinyl box set | Virgin |
| Japan | November 21, 1990 | CD | Virgin Japan |
# Bésingrand

Bésingrand (French pronunciation:; Occitan: Vesingran) is a commune of the Pyrénées-Atlantiques department in southwestern France.
# Clint Chapman

Clinton Daniel Chapman (born March 6, 1989) is an American professional basketball player for Manama Club of the Bahraini Premier League and West Asia Super League.
He has competed in more than 400 international basketball games, playing overseas in over a dozen European and Asian leagues. Chapman has scored over 6,000 points and collected over 3,000 rebounds in his international career.
On July 19, 2024, Chapman signed with Sagesse SC of the Lebanese Basketball League.
On October 17, 2024, Chapman signed with Manama Club of the Bahraini Premier League and West Asia Super League.

## Career statistics

| Year | Team | GP | GS | MPG | FG% | 3P% | FT% | RPG | APG | SPG | BPG | TO | PPG |
| NBL 2014–15 | Hiroshima D | 54 | 31 | 22.3 | .425 | .333 | .800 | 7.3 | 0.8 | 0.9 | 1.2 | 1.9 | 15.20 |
| NBL 2015–16 | Chiba | 57 | 40 | 22.4 | .498 | .331 | .777 | 7.79 | 0.8 | 0.8 | 1.2 | 2.1 | 16.90 |
| B League 2016–17 | Niigata | 60 | 36 | 24.2 | .449 | .401 | .718 | 8.25 | 0.9 | 0.5 | 1.7 | 1.9 | 18.92 |
| EuroCup 2018–19 | Alba Berlin | 8 | 8 | 17.5 | .526 | .167 | .950 | 4.75 | 0.88 | .25 | 1.2 | 1.0 | 10.00 |
| EasyCredit BBL 2018–19 | Alba Berlin | 8 | 7 | 15.8 | .571 | .444 | .875 | 4.50 | 0.50 | .25 | 0.5 | 1.3 | 9.380 |
| EasyCredit BBL 2019 | Rasta Vechta | 13 | 8 | 13.7 | .620 | .429 | .744 | 3.00 | 0.69 | .31 | .23 | 1.1 | 11.92 |
# Crimea Shield

The Crimea Shield (German: Krimschild) was a World War II German military decoration. It was awarded to military personnel under the command of Field Marshal von Manstein, including supporting naval and air force units, who fought against Soviet Red Army forces between 21 September 1941 and 4 July 1942 and who captured the Crimea region (Krim in German). It was instituted on 25 July 1942. It was the most widely distributed of the various German campaign shields, with approximately 250,000 awarded.

## Design

The Wehrmacht's Army Group South advanced through the Crimean peninsula between the Autumn of 1941 and Summer of 1942. To commemorate the hostilities that ended with the German capture of Sevastopol on 4 July 1942, the Crimea Shield was created for all members of the armed forces under area commander Field Marshal Erich von Manstein.
The shield is of stamped sheet metal with a bronze finish. It is headed by the German eagle clutching a laurel wreath surrounding a swastika, flanked by the dates 1941 and 1942. This sits on a backdrop of the Crimean peninsula, bearing the word KRIM. It was issued mounted on a cloth backing that matched the uniform of the appropriate armed service: army, navy or air force, and sewn onto the left upper sleeve of the tunic and greatcoat. Where the recipient received more than one campaign shield, the earlier was worn above any later awards.
After an initial ban, the Federal Republic of Germany re-authorised the wear of many World War II military decorations in 1957. These included the Crimea Shield, re-designed by removing the eagle and swastika emblem. Members of the Bundeswehr could wear the shield on the ribbon bar, represented by a small replica of the award on a field grey ribbon.

## Criteria for award

The Crimea Shield could be awarded to all members of the Wehrmacht and to Luftwaffe and other units affiliated to the campaign between 21 September 1941 and 4 July 1942. The following conditions needed to have been met for the award:
* served in the area for at least 90 days; or
* been wounded while serving in the area; or
* been engaged in at least one major operation against the enemy.
Romanian troops serving in the Crimea were also eligible.

## Gold version

A special pure-gold version of the Crimea Shield was also produced. It was first bestowed upon Marshal Ion Antonescu, the military dictator of Romania, at the end of the Siege of Sevastopol (3 July 1942). It was awarded to him in Bucharest by Erich von Manstein, on Adolf Hitler's behalf. The second and last Golden Krimschild was awarded to von Manstein himself, on 24 November 1942.
# Two of Us

Two of Us or The Two of Us may refer to:

## Film and television

* The Two of Us (1930 film), a Swedish film directed by John W. Brunius
* The Two of Us (1939 film), a Swedish film directed by Schamyl Bauman
* The Two of Us (1967 film), a French film directed by Claude Berri
* The Two of Us (2014 film), a South African film directed by Ernest Nkosi
* Two of Us (1987 film), a gay-themed British television film
* Two of Us (2000 film), an American television drama about a fictionalized meeting between Paul McCartney and John Lennon
* Two of Us (2019 film), a French film
* The Two of Us (1981 TV series), a sitcom starring Peter Cook and Mimi Kennedy
* The Two of Us (1986 TV series), a British comedy starring Nicholas Lyndhurst and Janet Dibley
* The Two of Us (2009 TV series) or Tayong Dalawa, a Filipino primetime drama series

## Music
### Albums

* Two of Us (Azu album)
* Two of Us (Joseph Williams album)
* Two of Us, by Laboum, 2019
* Two of Us (Phil Keaggy and Mike Pachelli album)
* Two of Us (Tohoshinki album)
* The Two of Us (mixtape), by Chloe x Halle
* The Two of Us (Sonny & Cher album)
* The Two of Us (Stafford and Macrae album)
* The Two of Us (Yabrough & Peoples album)
* The Two of Us, by Dinah Washington with Brook Benton, 1960
* The Two of Us, by Nancy Wilson with Ramsey Lewis 1984 pop #144, RnB #42

### Songs

* "Two of Us" (Beatles song), by The Beatles, 1969
* "Two of Us" (Louis Tomlinson song), 2019
* "Two of Us" (Birds of Tokyo song), 2020
* "Two of Us" (Brett Kissel and Cooper Alan song), 2023
* "Two of Us", by Ayumi Hamasaki, a B-side of the single "Depend on You", 1998
* "Two of Us", by Girl's Day from Everyday II, 2012
* "Two of Us", by Supertramp from Crisis? What Crisis?, 1975
* "The Two of Us", by Jackie Trent and Tony Hatch, 1967
* "The Two of Us", by 'N Sync from Celebrity, 2001
* "The 2 of Us", by Suede from Dog Man Star, 1994

## Other media

* The Two of Us (play), a 1970 play by Michael Frayn
* The Two of Us: My Life with John Thaw, a 2004 biography by Sheila Hancock
# Lisle, Dordogne

Lisle (French pronunciation:; Occitan: L'Esla) is a commune in the Dordogne department in Nouvelle-Aquitaine in southwestern France.

## History

In October 1537, the town was badly damaged by a company of Gascon recruits under Joachim de Montluc, brother of the more famous Blaise de Montluc. Unpaid and unfed, the troops had demanded "free quarter", which was refused.

## Amenities

Lisle has a kindergarten and a primary school, a church, a square in front of the town hall and another called La Place des Banquettes. It is well-served commercially with a bakery, a bar/bistrot, a bar/hotel/restaurant, a butchers, a pharmacy, a post office, a beauticians, 2 hairdressers, mini supermarket, Credit Agricole cashpoint and a restaurant on the banks of the Dronne river, Le Moulin du Pont. There is also a health centre with 2 doctors, a dentist, physiotherapist, podiatrist and other medical practitioners.

## Events

It is quite an active village with the Comite des Fetes and Amicale Laique organising events throughout the year including the four-day Fete de la St Roch the weekend contains or just after the 15th of August.
# Pyrosomella verticillata

Pyrosomella verticillata, the fire salp, is a species of colonial pyrosome with an Indo-Pacific distribution.

## Description

An individual P. verticillata zooid is typically about 4 mm long, while colonies are up to 5 cm long and 3 cm in diameter, and oval to oblong in shape. The wall of the colony is transparent and colorless.

## Distribution

The species occurs in the warm Indo-Pacific and from the Cape of Good Hope to Japan, and has also been reported from the southwest Atlantic off Rio de Janeiro.

## Bioluminescence

The species is bioluminescent, with each zooid possessing a pair of luminescent organs next to the oral siphon, within which light production is probably carried out by symbiotic bacteria. Colonies respond to incoming light (e.g. artificial stimulation) by lighting up, and this phenomenon spreads among adjacent zooids until the entire colony is lit up; this may spread to adjacent colonies. Colonies may sustain light emission for extended time periods. Light emission is accompanied with cessation of cilia motion in zooids' oral siphons, causing colonies to start sinking in the water column. This combined bioluminescence and descent behavior has been interpreted as a technique for avoiding predation.
# Islandshire

Islandshire was an area of Northumberland, England, comprising Lindisfarne or Holy Island, plus five parishes on the mainland.
It is historically associated with the Bishop of Durham, and was administratively an exclave of the County Palatinate of Durham. It was transferred to the county of Northumberland by the Counties (Detached Parts) Act 1844, becoming a hundred.
It formed part of the Norham and Islandshires Rural District from 1894 until 1974, and then formed part of the borough of Berwick-upon-Tweed district within the County of Northumberland. In 2009 the borough of Berwick-upon-Tweed was abolished as part of wider structural changes to local government in England, with the area now falling under the unitary council of Northumberland County Council. The area, combined with Norham, still forms one of the unitary council's electoral divisions today.
It consisted of the parishes of Ancroft, Belford, Elwick, Holy Island, Kyloe and Tweedmouth.
# Microcosm

Microcosm or macrocosm, also spelled mikrokosmos or makrokosmos, may refer to:

## Philosophy

* Microcosm–macrocosm analogy, the view according to which there is a structural similarity between the human being and the cosmos

## Music

* Macrocosm (album), seventh studio album by the German electronic composer Peter Frohmader, released in 1990
* Makrokosmos, a series of four volumes of pieces for piano by American composer George Crumb
* "Mic-rocosm", a song by American rapper Prodigy from the album Hegelian Dialectic
* Microcosm (album), 2010 album by Flow
* Microcosmos (Drudkh album)
* Microcosmos (Thy Catafalque album)
* Mikrokosmos (Bartók), a cycle of piano pieces written 1926-1939 by Hungarian composer Béla Bartók
* Mikrokosmos (Turovsky), four cycles of lute pieces, Mikrokosmos I-IV, by Ukrainian-American composer Roman Turovsky
* Mikrokosmos, pseudonym used by former Dark Star frontman Christian Hayes for solo material
* Mikrokosmos, a 1987 performance choreographed by Anne Teresa De Keersmaeker
* "Mikrokosmos", by BTS from the 2019 album Map of the Soul: Persona

## Biology

* Microcosm (experimental ecosystem), a small scale contained and controlled ecosystem
* Microcosmus, a genus of tunicates

## Literature and publishing

* Microcosm Publishing, an independent publisher and distributor based in Portland, Oregon, and Bloomington, Indiana, U.S.
* Microcosm: E. coli and the New Science of Life, a 2008 book by Carl Zimmer
* Microcosm: Portrait of a Central European City, a 2002 book by Norman Davies and Roger Moorhouse
* Microcosm: The Quantum Revolution In Economics And Technology by George Gilder

## Other uses

* Macrocosm (Star Trek: Voyager), 54th episode of Star Trek: Voyager
* Microcosm (CERN), a museum near Geneva, Switzerland
* Microcosm (clock), a unique clock made by Henry Bridges of Waltham Abbey, England
* Microcosm (hypermedia system), an early hypermedia system that predated the World Wide Web
* Microcosm (video game), a 1993 shoot-'em-up by Psygnosis
* Microcosm Ltd, a UK software protection company
* Microcosmos (film), a 1996 documentary film
* The Microcosm, a 19th-century microscope gallery and shop on Regent Street, London, run by Carpenter and Westley
# Åseral Church

Åseral Church (Norwegian: Åseral kyrkje) is a parish church of the Church of Norway in Åseral Municipality in Agder county, Norway. It is located in the village of Kyrkjebygda. It is one of the churches for the Åseral parish which is part of the Otredal prosti (deanery) in the Diocese of Agder og Telemark. The white, wooden church was built in a cruciform design in 1822 using plans drawn up by the architects Olav Aasland and Olav Bakken. The church seats about 300 people.

## History

The earliest existing historical records of the church date back to the year 1328, but it was not new that year. The old church may have been a stave church that was possibly built in the 13th century. Historically, the church was named Aabø after the farm on which it was located (the more modern spelling of that in Norwegian would be Åbø). In 1705, the church was renovated and a new spire that was forged by Knut Gunnulvsen Mork was added to the top of the tower. The centuries-old church was torn down in 1822 and a new cruciform church was built on the same site. Some of the logs from the old church were reused to build the entry porch on the new church building.
# Hylesinus pruinosus

Hylesinus pruinosus is a species of crenulate bark beetle in the family Curculionidae. It is found in North America.