OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# 1865 in New Zealand

"none" is preferred when the title is sufficiently descriptive
The following lists events that happened during 1865 in New Zealand.

## Incumbents
### Regal and viceregal

* Head of State — Queen Victoria
* Governor — Sir George Grey

### Government and law

The 3rd Parliament continues.
* Speaker of the House — David Monro
* Premier — Edward Stafford becomes Premier on 16 October when Frederick Weld retires due to ill-health and stress.
* Minister of Finance — Edward Stafford takes up the post on 31 October after William Fitzherbert loses the post when the Weld government ends on 16 October.
* Chief Justice — Hon Sir George Arney

### Main centre leaders

* Mayor of Dunedin — William Mason

## Events

* The New Zealand Exhibition in Dunedin runs from 12 January until 6 May 1865.
* The Capital of New Zealand is moved from Auckland to Wellington.
* The Marlborough Times ceases publication. It was founded in 1864.
* February – The start of the West Coast gold rush with rumours of gold being found.
* 18 February: The Press in Christchurch starts publishing a magazine, The Weekly Press. The magazine ran until 1928.
* May – The West Coast Times is founded. It began as a weekly newspaper and became a daily in January 1866. It ceased publishing in 1917.
* 26 July: Parliament officially sits in Wellington for the first time, in the former Provincial Council chambers. (see also 1862)
* 30 August: The New Zealand Spectator and Cook's Strait Guardian publishes its last issue. It began in 1844.
* November: The Grey River Argus begins publication in Greymouth. It published three times a week until becoming daily in 1871. The paper folded in 1966.

## Sport
### Horse racing

The race which becomes the New Zealand Cup in 1883, is run for the first time at Riccarton Racecourse.

#### Major race winners

* New Zealand Cup: Rob Roy
* New Zealand Derby: Egremont

### Rowing

The Star Boating Club is formed in Wellington. (other sources state 1867)

### Shooting

Ballinger Belt: No competition

## Births

* 13 May: Lindsay Buick, historian, journalist and politician (d. 1938)
* 10 July: James Randall Corrigan, member of NZ Parliament

## Deaths
### January–June

* 28 January: John Perry Robinson, Superintendent of Nelson Province
* 25 February: Hoani Wiremu Hīpango, tribal leader, teacher and assessor
* 12 April: Thomas Halbert, whaler, trader and founding father
* 30 April (at Upper Norwood, England): Robert FitzRoy, second Governor of New Zealand (born 1805)
* 5 May (at sea off Blackwall, London): Samuel Brees, artist, surveyor and engineer
* 11 May: Thomas Antill, Australian cricketer and New Zealand bank manager (born 1830)
* 8 June: John Morgan, missionary (born 1806)

### July–December

* 14 July: Nathaniel Burslem, recipient of the Victoria Cross (born 1837)
* 21 July: Frederick Merriman, politician (born 1818)
* 22 July: James Francis Fulloon, interpreter and public servant (born 1840)
* 9 November: George Kissling, Archdeacon of Waitemata (born 1805)
# Storsteinnes Chapel

Storsteinnes Chapel (Norwegian: Storsteinnes kapell) is a parish church of the Church of Norway in Balsfjord Municipality in Troms county, Norway. It is located on the south side of the village of Storsteinnes. It is one of the churches for the Balsfjord parish which is part of the Senja prosti (deanery) in the Diocese of Nord-Hålogaland. The white, wooden church was built in a long church style in 1968. The church seats about 200 people.
# Batrachedra phorcydia

Batrachedra phorcydia is a species of moth of the family Batrachedridae. It is found in Australia.

## Original description

   Male, 11 mm. Head, palpi, antennae, thorax, abdomen, and legs dark grey, finely irrorated with white; scale-projection of palpi very slight. Forewings dark grey, finely irrorated with white; a black median basal dot; first discal stigma elongate, blackish; cilia light grey, irrorated with whitish. Hindwings grey; cilia light grey. Geraldton, West Australia; in November, one specimen.
# Aga, Egypt

Aga (Arabic: أجا) is a town in Egypt, located in the governorate of Dakahlia. Markaz Aga had a population of 548,634 in 2019.
# René Stadler

René Stadler (born 19 May 1940) is a Swiss bobsledder who competed in the early 1970s. He won three medals in the four-man event at the FIBT World Championships with two golds (1971, 1973) and one bronze (1970). He also competed at the 1968 Winter Olympics.
# Les Tourrettes

Les Tourrettes (French pronunciation:; Occitan: Las Torretas) is a commune in the Drôme department in southeastern France.
# Sherkat-e Zarayi Shahid Beheshti

Sherkat-e Zarayi Shahid Beheshti (Persian: شركت زراعي شهيدبهشتي, also Romanized as Sherkat-e Zarāyī Shahīd Beheshtī) is a village in Khursand Rural District, in the Central District of Shahr-e Babak County, Kerman Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 186, in 40 families.
# West Lesbos

West Lesbos (Greek: Δυτική Λέσβος, romanized: Dytiki Lesvos), sometimes also referred to as West Lesvos, is a municipality on the island of Lesbos in the North Aegean region in Greece. The municipality was formed from a decision by the Ministry of the Interior, published on 9 March 2019, which divided the pre-existing municipality of Lesbos. The seat of the municipality is in Kalloni.
The municipality encompasses 36 towns and villages in a total area of 1,072 square kilometers.
The economy of the Municipality of West Lesbos is 90% dependent on agriculture and tourism, mainly olive production, stock-farming, fishing, tourism, geothermy and other renewable energy sources.
Molyvos, Eresos (as well as its sister beach Skala Eresou), Petra & Vatera are the major tourism hot spots in the summer.
The municipality's first mayor, who currently still serves in the position, is Taxiarchis Verros

## Municipal Units

The municipality consists of the following seven subdivisions:
| Municipal Unit | Seat |
| Municipal Unit of Agia Paraskevi | Agia Paraskevi |
| Municipal Unit of Eresos-Antissa | Eresos |
| Municipal Unit of Kalloni | Kalloni |
| Municipal Unit of Mantamados | Mantamados |
| Municipal Unit of Mithymna | Mithymna |
| Municipal Unit of Petra | Petra |
| Municipal Unit of Polichnitos | Polichnitos |

## Mayors

| Mayor | Party | Start | End |
| Taxiarchis Verros | Mazi apo tin Archi | September 1st, 2019 | |
# 1869 in New Zealand

The following lists events that happened during 1869 in New Zealand.

## Incumbents
### Regal and viceregal

* Head of State — Queen Victoria
* Governor — Sir George Ferguson Bowen

### Government and law

The 4th Parliament continues.
* Speaker of the House — Sir David Monro
* Premier — Edward Stafford is replaced by William Fox on 28 June after Stafford's government is defeated.
* Minister of Finance — William Fitzherbert is replaced by Julius Vogel after the defeat of the Stafford government.
* Chief Justice — Hon Sir George Arney

### Main centre leaders

* Mayor of Christchurch — William Wilson followed by John Anderson
* Mayor of Dunedin — Thomas Birch

## Events

* 4–5 January: Te Kooti and his followers manage to escape the siege of Ngā Tapa pā.
* 13 February: A war party of Ngāti Maniapoto led by Wetere Te Rerenga kills all three men, a woman and three children, and also the Wesleyan missionary John Whiteley who arrives shortly afterwards, at the isolated Pukearuhe Redoubt. This is the final act of the Taranaki wars.
* 11 April: Prince Alfred the Duke of Edinburgh visits New Zealand on HMS Galatea.
* 5 June: 1869 Christchurch earthquake
* August: The first bicycle built in Auckland is ridden for the first time. Bicycles are also built and ridden in Christchurch and Dunedin in this year.
* The University of Otago is established, being New Zealand's first University.

### Undated

* The New Zealand Ensign is introduced for use on government ships. It does not become the official national flag until 1902. The flag of the United Tribes of New Zealand is also in common use.
* Resignation and departure from New Zealand of Jean Baptiste Pompallier, First Catholic Bishop in New Zealand.
* Closure of St Mary's Seminary, Auckland.

## Sport
### Horse racing
#### Major race winners

* New Zealand Cup winner: Mainsail
* New Zealand Derby winner: Manuka

### Shooting

Ballinger Belt: No competition

## Births

* 6 February: Patrick O'Regan, lawyer, politician and judge.
* 28 April: Frances Hodgkins, painter.
* 30 April: 'Charles Robert Norris Mackie, pacifist and social reformer
* 18 May: James Parr, politician.

## Deaths

* 16 March: Johnny Jones, whaler, early settler.
* 30 March: William Field Porter, politician.
* Āpihai Te Kawau, Māori leader.
# Institute of Red Professors

The Institute of Red Professors of the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks) (Russian: Институ́т кра́сной профессу́ры, ИКП) was an institute of graduate-level education in the Marxist social sciences located in the Orthodox Convent of the Passion, Moscow.

## History

It was founded in February 1921 to address a shortage of Marxist professors but only about 25 percent of its graduates continued an academic career; most rather became functionaries of the Communist Party. At first it was under the jurisdiction of the Central Executive Committee of the Soviet Union and later under the Department for Agitation and Propaganda (Agitprop). The studies lasted four years and students (nicknamed ikapisty) were required to write research papers, which were often published and represented a significant body of Marxist historical research. Two hundred thirty-six students completed the course between 1924 and 1929. In 1929, there were 69 teachers at the institute, seven of whom were not members of the Communist Party. Its rectors were Mikhail Pokrovsky (1921–31) and Pavel Yudin (1932–38). The institute was abolished in 1938. The institute was integrated into a system of higher party schools of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union.
# Batrachedra mylephata

Batrachedra mylephata is a species of moth of the family Batrachedridae. It is found in Australia.

## Original description

   Male, 13-14 mm. Head white. Palpi white, basal, median, and subapical bands of second joint, and median ring of terminal blackish, scale-projection tuft-like, nearly as long as terminal joint. Antennae white, fuscous-ringed. Thorax white, sometimes fuscous-sprinkled. Abdomen whitish. Legs whitish, spotted with dark fuscous. Forewings white, irrorated with fuscous and dark fuscous; plical stigma linear, first and second discal rather elongate or dot-like, blackish; cilia above apex whitish with a dark fuscous median line, beneath whitish-fuscous. Hindwings grey; cilia whitish-fuscous. Brisbane, Queensland; in September, two specimens.
# Bagnols, Puy-de-Dôme

Bagnols (French pronunciation:; Occitan: Banhòus) is a commune in the Puy-de-Dôme department in Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes in central France.
# Soviet partisan detachment

Soviet partisan detachment (1941—1944) (Russian: партизанский отряд; Belarusian: партызанскі атрад), was the main organisational form of the Soviet partisan units.
Numerical and structural complement of the partisan detachment varied, with usual number of about 100 to several hundred personnel, organised in the 3—4 companies, 3 platoons each, 3 sections each. Detachment was commanded by commander and commissary, who were aided by staff head and staff, and by deputies on recon, diversions and logistics with their respective sub-units. Bigger detachments had heavy weapons sub-units.
Each detachment maintained primary structures of the Communist Party and Komsomol.
From 9 September 1942 the Belarusian Headquarters of the Partisan Movement classified detachments by their numerical complement: 100–150, 151–350, 351 and more personnel.
By their objectives, detachments could be: common (unitary), diversionist-recon, cavalry, artillery, staff, reserve, local defense, marching.
On the BSSR territory (as in the 1941 borders), 1255 distinguishable detachments had operated in 1941–1944, majority of them in the structures of the partisan brigades, but 203 separately.
The bigger detachment in certain conditions could be expanded into a partisan brigade, or into a partisan regiment, such as some of the 800+ personnel detachments in the Mahilyow Province since August 1943.
# Michael Green (swimmer)

Michael Green (born 15 November 1963) is a British swimmer. He competed in the men's 200 metre freestyle at the 1988 Summer Olympics.
# Çarşı, Beşiktaş

Çarşı (English: Marketplace), is geographically the center of the Beşiktaş municipality, a district on the European side of central Istanbul. The area is notable for being dominated by winding narrow streets that date to city's earliest ancient Hellenic roots.
As one of the main commercial districts of Istanbul, the Çarşı is known for its restaurants, meyhanes (pubs), döner stores, cafés, bakeries, patisseries, internet cafés and garment shops. There is a fish market and a farmers market organized daily. It is one of the centers of the Turkish youth culture. Many city-famous establishments are located in the area.

## History

The area was first developed in the 17th Century when a pleasure garden and several mansions were built there. After the relocation of the Ottoman dynasty to the Yıldız Palace, the area rapidly urbanized. This urbanization continued until the 1980s.
In the 16th century the area was known for its shipyard and Sinan Paşa was one of the admirals of the Ottoman navy, hence the name of the neighborhood.

## Geography

The area of Çarşı is delimited as follows :
- south : Bosphorus straight
- west : Ortabahçe Caddesi continuing as Ihlamur Caddesi
- north : southern edge of Abbasağa Parkı known as Şehit Kazım street
- east : Barbaros Boulevard
Today it is administratively a part of the Sinanpaşa neighborhood.
# Modern Sketch

Modern Sketch (Chinese: 時代漫畫) was a monthly Chinese art periodical. It ran from January 1934 through June 1937. The owner of the publication was Shao Xunmei (Zau Sinmay), and the editor was Lu Shaofei (魯少飛; 鲁少飞). The magazine was published by Shao Xunmei's Modern Publications Ltd., headquartered in Shanghai, and Shao Xunmei also published Modern Cinema (時代電影) and Modern Pictorial (時代畫報).
Many of the works featured in the magazine were created by students who later gained positions in the Chinese government later in the 20th century.
Andrew Jones, author of Developmental Fairy Tales, stated that Modern Sketch and its two sister publications "were famous for the quality of their production values and the graphic art (including cartoons, photomontage, and other forms) adorning their pages." The Massachusetts Institute of Technology stated that Modern Sketch had a "kaleidoscopic window onto the past" and that its content "lend blunt visual force to the major crises and contradictions that define China’s 20th century as a quintessentially modern era."

## History

The magazine ran for 39 issues. Issue #26, printed February 1936, had a negative depiction of Xu Shiying, the Ambassador of China to Japan. As a result, the authorities suspended the magazine's publication beginning in March 1936, and Lu Shaofei was detained. The magazine Modern Puck (Manhua jie), edited by Wang Dunqing, had three monthly issues printed during the period the publication of Modern Sketch was suspended. MIT stated that the magazine was "nearly identical to Modern Sketch". The publication of Modern Sketch resumed in May of that year. Modern Puck continued its print run after the resumption of Modern Sketch, ending at the end of the year of 1936.

## Works

The magazine had a "Jazz Age" style.
MIT stated that the magazine was made by men for men and that an indicator was the use of erotic depictions of women, including semi-naked and naked women; editor Lu Shaofei and almost all of the artists made erotic depictions of women. According to MIT, sometimes the purpose of the drawings of the women were to get attention and sometimes they were there to make political statements.
# Qeshlaq-e Rostam

Qeshlaq-e Rostam (Persian: قشلاق رستم, also Romanized as Qeshlāq-e Rostam) is a village in Qeshlaq-e Sharqi Rural District, Qeshlaq Dasht District, Bileh Savar County, Ardabil Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 42, in 11 families.
# Moje najmilšie

Moje najmilšie (English: My Bonniest) is the first compilation album by Marika Gombitová, released on OPUS in 1985.

## Track listing

All tracks are written by Lehotský and Peteraj, unless stated otherwise

## Official releases

* 1985: Moje najmilšie, LP, MC, OPUS, #9113 1599
* 1996: Moje najmilšie, re-release, CD, OPUS #91 2491
# La Jemaye-Ponteyraud

La Jemaye-Ponteyraud (French pronunciation:; Occitan: La Jamaia e Pontairaud) is a commune in the department of Dordogne, southwestern France. The municipality was established on 1 January 2017 by merger of the former communes of La Jemaye (the seat) and Ponteyraud.
# Connectifier

Connectifier was an American company that developed machine learning-based searching and matching technology to help recruiters and hiring managers find talent. The company was acquired by LinkedIn in February 2016 and operated as a wholly owned subsidiary until April 2020. The company had roughly 50 employees at the time of acquisition and drew its bench of AI talent from prestigious institutions including Google, Amazon, Stanford, Microsoft Research, NASA, Caltech, Carnegie Mellon, and Berkeley National Lab.

## History

Connectifier was founded in 2011 by John Jersin and Benjamin McCann.
At the time of its acquisition, Connectifier had raised a total of $12 million across three rounds of funding. In 2013, the company participated in Class 4 of Launchpad LA. The company announced it secured Series A financing of $6 million on June 16, 2015. In October of 2015, the company raised an additional $6 million in Series B financing.
By 2015, the company was reported to have grown at a rate of nearly 500% annually reaching a run rate of $10 million in annual recurring revenue 18 months after launch. It was reported later that year that Connectifier had tens of thousands of recruiters as clients and was delivering two to four times as many candidates as LinkedIn. By 2016, Connectifier's customers included over 40% of the Fortune 100.
LinkedIn announced it had entered into a definitive agreement to acquire the company on February 4, 2016.
Connectifier's technology and features were integrated into LinkedIn Recruiter and Microsoft Bing and the product was sunset as a standalone offering on April 30, 2020.
# Charles Stoffel

Charles Stoffel (5 April 1893 – 30 July 1970) was a Swiss sportsman. He competed in the four-man bobsleigh event at the 1924 Winter Olympics and 1928 Winter Olympics. He also competed in the equestrian events at the 1924 Summer Olympics and the 1928 Summer Olympics.
# Chrysomphalina

Chrysomphalina is a genus of three species of fungi with a north temperate distribution. The genus was circumscribed by Swiss mycologist Heinz Clémençon in 1982.
# Saint-Michel, Hérault

Saint-Michel (French pronunciation: ; Occitan: Sant Miquèl), also referred to as Saint-Michel-d'Alajou (French pronunciation:), is a commune in the Hérault department in the Occitanie region in southern France.
# Anjireh, Khuzestan

Anjireh (Persian: انجيره, also Romanized as Ānjīreh; also known as Ānjīrsiyah) is a village in Saroleh Rural District, Meydavud District, Bagh-e Malek County, Khuzestan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 36, in 8 families.
# Pardis

Pardis (Persian: پرديس) is a city in the Central District of Pardis County, Tehran province, Iran, serving as capital of both the county and the district. It is a suburb located 17 km (11 mi) northeast of Tehran.

## Demographics
### Population

At the time of the 2006 National Census, the city's population was 25,360 in 7,228 households, when it was in the Central District of Tehran County. The following census in 2011 counted 37,257 people in 11,051 households. The 2016 census measured the population of the city as 73,363 people in 23,938 households, by which time the city had been separated from the county in the establishment of Pardis County. Pardis was transferred to the new Bumahen District as the county's capital.
After the census, Pardis was separated from Bumahen District in the establishment of the Central District.

## Gallery

* Mehr Housing, Pardis
* Mehr Housing, Pardis
* Mehr Housing, Pardis
# Andrey Dashuk

Andrey Dashuk (Belarusian: Андрэй Дашук; Russian: Андрей Дашук; born 14 August 1987) is a Belarusian former professional footballer.
# Polish 151st Fighter Escadrille

The 151st Fighter Escadrille of the Polish Air Force (Polish: 151. Eskadra Myśliwska) was one of the fighter units of the Polish Army in 1939.

## History

In September 1939 the 121st Fighter Escadrille was attached to the Operational Group Narew.

## Crew and equipment

On 1 September 1939 the escadrille had 10 PZL P.7a airplanes.
The air crew consisted of: commanding officer por. pil. Józef Brzeziński his deputy por. pil. Marian Wesołowski and 16 other pilots:
* ppor. pil. Jan Grzech
* ppor. pil. Wiktor Szulc
* pchor. pil. Michał Andruszko
* pchor. pil. Stanisław Andrzejewski
* pchor. pil. Józef Bodnar
* pchor. pil. Marian Łukaszewicz
* pchor. pil. Zygmunt Słomski
* pchor. rez. pil. Jerzy Pawlak
* pchor. rez. pil. Stefan Sawicki
* kpr. pil. Czesław Cichoń
* kpr. pil. Eugeniusz Hofman
* kpr. pil. Tadeusz Kawałkowski
* st. szer. pil. Michał Brzezowski
* st. szer. pil. Bronisław Kościk
* st. szer. pil. Ryszard Lewczyński
* st. szer. pil. Włodzimierz Marchewicz
# Qasr-e Mian

Qasr-e Mian (Persian: قصرميان, also Romanized as Qaşr-e Mīān, Qasr-e-Mīyan, Qasr-i- Mīān, and Qāsr-e Meyān; Dīvānī and Quer-i-Mīān) is a village in Rayen Rural District, Rayen District, Kerman County, Kerman Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 73, in 17 families.
# Peyavin

Peyavin (Persian: پياوين, also Romanized as Peyāvīn) is a village in Nameh Shir Rural District, Namshir District, Baneh County, Kurdistan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 285, in 54 families. The village is populated by Kurds.
# Karyofyto

Karyofyto (Greek: Καρυόφυτο, previously known as Kozloutsa) is a community in the municipality Xanthi in the Xanthi regional unit of Greece. It is part of the municipal unit of Stavroupoli. It is located north northwest of Stavroupoli and 40 kilometers southeast of Xanthi. The community consists of the villages Ano Karyofyto, Kato Karyofyto, Kastanitis and Leivaditis. In 2021, the population of the community was 137.
# Hsin Shih-chang

Hsin Shih-chang (Chinese: 信世昌; pinyin: Xìn Shìchāng) is a Taiwanese academic. He was the Deputy Minister of the Overseas Community Affairs Council of the Executive Yuan, having served since 18 August 2014 to 19 May, 2016.

## Early life and education

Hsin obtained his bachelor's degree from the Department of Chinese Literature and Language of National Taiwan Normal University. He then continued his study to the United States at Indiana University-Bloomington and obtained his master's and doctoral degrees in Instructional Systems Technology.

## Early career

In 1994-1995, he was the Associate Professor of the Department of Visual Communications at Shih Hsin University. He then moved to the Graduate Institute of Teaching Chinese as a Second Language of National Taiwan Normal University to become Associate Professor in 1995-2001, Full Professor in 2001 to present, and Chair in 2001-2007. In 2010-2011, he was the Deputy Dean of the International Affairs Division.
He was also the President of Association of Teaching Chinese as a Second Language. In 2004-2005, he was the Visiting Scholar of the Department of East Asian Languages and Civilizations of Harvard University in the United States and in 2008-2009 as a Visiting Professor of the Free University of Berlin in Germany.

## Political career

Hsin had worked with the OCAC on the promotion of overseas Chinese education for over 20 years and thus invited to be the Deputy Minister for OCAC, in charge of educational and cultural affairs, in terms of overseas Chinese language education, overseas Chinese students recruitment strategies and overseas Chinese media collaborations.