OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Michał Twaróg of Bystrzyków

Michał Twaróg of Bystrzyków (Polish: 'Michał Twaróg z Bystrzykowa'; Latin: Michael vulgo Parisiensis de Majori Bystrzyków) (c. 1450–1520) was a Polish philosopher and theologian of the early 16th century.

## Life

Michał Twaróg studied at Paris in 1473–77, during the period when, following the anathematization of the Nominalists (1473), the Scotist school of philosophy enjoyed its greatest triumphs there. He brought Scotism to Poland and taught at the Jagiellonian University in Kraków from 1485, serving as its rector in 1513–14.
Twaróg was the author of many works of philosophy and theology revered by contemporary historians. As the abbot of the collegiate church in Wojnicz (1497–1520) he supported financially the functioning of the local hospital. A prominent student of Twaróg was Jan of Stobnica (c.1470–1519), a moderate Scotist, professor at the same Jagiellonian University (Kraków Academy) between 1498 and 1514, who took account also of the theories of the Ockhamists, Thomists and Humanists.
# Economic methodology

Economic methodology is the study of methods, especially the scientific method, in relation to economics, including principles underlying economic reasoning. In contemporary English, 'methodology' may reference theoretical or systematic aspects of a method (or several methods). Philosophy and economics also takes up methodology at the intersection of the two subjects.

## Scope

General methodological issues include similarities and contrasts to the natural sciences and to other social sciences and, in particular, to:
* the definition of economics
* the scope of economics as defined by its methods
* fundamental principles and operational significance of economic theory
* methodological individualism versus holism in economics
* the role of simplifying assumptions such as rational choice and profit maximizing in explaining or predicting phenomena
* descriptive/positive, prescriptive/normative, and applied uses of theory
* the scientific status and expanding domain of economics
* issues critical to the practice and progress of econometrics
* the balance of empirical and philosophical approaches
* the role of experiments in economics
* the role of mathematics and mathematical economics in economics
* the writing and rhetoric of economics
* the relation between theory, observation, application, and methodology in contemporary economics.
Economic methodology has gone from periodic reflections of economists on method to a distinct research field in economics since the 1970s. In one direction, it has expanded to the boundaries of philosophy, including the relation of economics to the philosophy of science and the theory of knowledge. In another direction of philosophy and economics, additional subjects are treated including decision theory and ethics.
# Jonathan Santiago

Jonathan Santiago (born 9 June 1994) is a French professional footballer who plays as a midfielder.

## Club career

Born in Marseille, Santiago made his professional debut with Olympique de Marseille on 6 December 2012 in the 2012–13 Europa League against Cypriot side AEL Limassol in a 3–0 loss. He came on as a substitute for Billel Omrani in the 63rd minute.
# Roger Potter

Roger Potter (October 5, 1907 – June 1982) was an American basketball coach, who was the first coach for the National Basketball Association's Tri-Cities Blackhawks (now the Atlanta Hawks). He lasted seven games (going 1–6) and was replaced with Red Auerbach.
# Apsheronsky District

Apsheronsky District (Russian: Апшеро́нский райо́н) is an administrative district (raion), one of the thirty-eight in Krasnodar Krai, Russia. As a municipal division, it is incorporated as Apsheronsky Municipal District. It is located in the south of the krai. The area of the district is 2,443.2 square kilometers (943.3 sq mi). Its administrative center is the town of Apsheronsk. Population: 98,685 (2021 Census); 98,891 (2010 Census); 95,048 (2002 Census); 86,059 (1989 Soviet census). The population of Apsheronsk accounts for 40.7% of the district's total population.

## Transportation

Apsheronsk narrow-gauge railway, opened in 1927, is the largest mountain railway of its type in Russia.
# Refectory table

A refectory table is a highly elongated table used originally for dining in monasteries during Medieval times. In the Late Middle Ages, the table gradually became a banqueting or feasting table in castles and other noble residences. The original table manufacture was by hand and created of oak or walnut; the design is based on a trestle style. Typically, the table legs are supported by circumferential stretchers positioned very low to the floor.

## History

In its original use, one or more refectory tables were placed within the monks' dining hall or refectory. The larger refectories would have a number of refectory tables where monks would take their meals, often while one of the monks read sacred texts from an elevated pulpit, frequently reached from a stone staircase to one side of the refectory. Secular use of the refectory table is thought to have originated in the Mediterranean regions of Europe, where increasingly ornate designs were adopted by Italian and other craftsmen. Adaptation of the refectory table outside the monasteries traveled to central and northern parts of Europe in the late 16th century. For example the Italian artist Giulio Romano traveled to France in the first half of the 16th century and brought concepts of the Italian style to the French court of Francis I. Later in the 16th century the secular refectory table spread to Flemish and German locales. While the Mediterranean refectory tables emphasized the use of walnut, oak wood became equally common in these more northern parts of Europe.

## Notable examples

Stanford Hall in Leicestershire, England has numerous areas of early furnishings including one room with original 17th-century furnishings including a refectory table and set of Charles II chairs.
# Bagh, West Azerbaijan

Bagh (Persian: باغ, also Romanized as Bāgh) is a village in Bask-e Kuleseh Rural District, in the Central District of Sardasht County, West Azerbaijan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 306, in 52 families.
# Angel Child (traditional song)

"Angel Child" is a traditional song from the Texas repertoire. The song was recorded by Memphis Slim (1948), Lightnin' Hopkins and Mance Lipscomb, and Guitar Slim Green.
# Pontifical commission

A pontifical commission (Latin: pontificia commissio) is a committee of Catholic experts convened by the Pope for a specific purpose. The following is a list of commissions, the dates they began and the pope who established.

## Current commissions

* Pontifical Commission for Sacred Archaeology, 6 January 1852 by Pope Pius IX.
* Pontifical Biblical Commission, 30 October 1902 by Pope Leo XIII.
* Pontifical Commission for Latin America, 19 April 1958 by Pope Pius XII.
* International Theological Commission, 11 April 1969 by Pope Paul VI.
* Pontifical Commission for Religious Relations with the Jews, 22 October 1974 by Pope Paul VI.
* Pontifical Commission for Religious Relations with Muslims, 22 October 1974 by Pope Paul VI.
* Pontifical Commission for Vatican City State, 26 November 2000 by Pope John Paul II.
* Pontifical Commission for the Protection of Minors, 22 March 2014 by Pope Francis.
* Pontifical Commission for the Activities of Public Juridical Persons of the Church in the Healthcare Sector, 12 December 2015 by Pope Francis.

## Former commissions

Former pontifical commissions include:
* Pontifical Commission for Russia (1925 Pope Pius XI - 1993 Pope John Paul II).
* Pontifical Commission for the Drafting of the Code of Eastern Canon Law (1935 Pope Pius XI - 1991 Pope John Paul II).
* Pontifical Commission on Birth Control (1963 Pope John XXIII - 1968 Pope Paul VI).
* Pontifical Commission for the Cultural Heritage of the Church (1988 Pope John Paul II - 2012 Pope Benedict XVI).
* Pontifical Commission Ecclesia Dei (1988 Pope John Paul II - 2017 Pope Francis)
* Pontifical Commission for Reference on the Institute for Works of Religion (2013 Pope Francis - 2014 Pope Francis).
* Pontifical Commission for Reference on the Organisation of the Economic-Administrative Structure of the Holy See (2013 Pope Francis - 2014 Pope Francis).

## Permanent interdicasterial commissions

* Interdicasterial Commission on Particular Churches, 18 March 1989 by Pope John Paul II.
* Interdicasterial Commission for Consecrated Religious, 18 March 1989 by Pope John Paul II.
* Interdicasterial Commission for Candidates to Sacred Order, 18 March 1989 by Pope John Paul II.
* Interdicasterial Commission for the Church in Eastern Europe, 15 January 1993 by Pope John Paul II.
* Interdicasterial Commission for the Revision of the General Regulations of the Roman Curia, 12 April 2022 by Pope Francis.
* (former) Interdicasterial Commission for the Catechism of the Catholic Church [it], (1993 Pope John Paul II - 1997 Pope John Paul II).
# Demetrios Alexatos

Demetrios Alexatos (Greek: Δημήτριος Αλεξάτος; 26 October 1919 in Constantinople – 8 April 2001 in Athens) Scout name "Rann", meaning "Brahminy kite" from The Jungle Book, served as the National Commissioner of the Scouts of Greece for 17 years, from 1948 to 1965, on the personal recommendation of king Paul of Greece, Camp Chief of the 11th World Scout Jamboree held 1–11 August 1963 in Marathon, as well as an elected member of the World Scout Committee from 1957 to 1963.
Alexatos was born 26 October 1919 to parents from Cephalonia in the Ionian Islands in western Greece, who had lived in Constantinople for many years. He gave his Scout promise in 1932 at the 9th Troop of Athens. He was married but he did not have any children. During World War II he served in the Royal Hellenic Navy, and he went to Alexandria where he was a leader of the Greek Rover Scouts.
He was first elected as secretary of the Scouts of Greece, and in 1952 he was awarded the highest Greek Scout medal, and the Silver Wolf Award, the highest award made by The Scout Association of the United Kingdom "for services of the most exceptional character."
Alexatos introduced the current World Scout Emblem at the 8th World Scout Jamboree in 1955.
In 1963, Alexatos was awarded the 29th Bronze Wolf Award, the only distinction of the World Organization of the Scout Movement, awarded by the World Scout Committee for exceptional services to world Scouting.
He was the only Scout in Greece who was voted honorary President of the Greek Scouts. The Greek National Scout Center was named in his honor. In the Athens Scout headquarters, visitors are able to see his Scout collections.

## Publications

* Alexatos, Demetrios (1997), Scouting: a Wonderful World, published by the Scouts of Greece (in Greek)
* Alexatos, Demetrios (2000), In the Way of a Life ISBN 960-7630-10-6 (in Greek)
# Rovišče, Zagorje ob Savi

Rovišče (pronounced; German: Rowische) is a settlement in the Municipality of Zagorje ob Savi in central Slovenia. The area is part of the traditional region of Upper Carniola. It is now included with the rest of the municipality in the Central Sava Statistical Region. It includes the hamlet of Zasavska Gora, also known as Sveta Gora (German: Heiligenberg).
The local parish church, built on Holy Mount (Slovene: Sveta gora), a peak north of the settlement, is dedicated to the Nativity of Mary (Slovene: Marijino Rojstvo) and belongs to the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Ljubljana. It is a Gothic building with 18th-century modifications. Several of the paintings in the church are the work of Josip Egartner.
# Koladna

Koladna (Belarusian: Коладна) or Kolodno (Russian: Колодно) may refer to the following places in Belarus:
* Koladna, Brest District, a former village in Brest District, Brest Region
* Koladna, Kamyenyets District, a village in Kamyenyets District, Brest Region
# Thomas J. Henderson (activist)

Thomas J. Henderson (2 March 1931 – 14 February 2005) was an American activist and business manager.
Henderson was born in Winona, Minnesota and attended Amherst College before receiving a BS and MS from MIT. He worked in the construction trade for many years, becoming CEO of Guy F. Atkinson Co. He was involved in numerous large construction projects, including the Big Dig of Boston and the Oakland-Alameda Coliseum.
Henderson also served as the president of the local chapter of PFLAG, the chairman of the Pacific School of Religion, and the national chairman of the YMCA. His wife, Mitzi Henderson, was the national president of PFLAG in the early 1990s.
# Serraepolis

Serraepolis or Serraipolis (Ancient Greek: Σερραίπολις) was a town of ancient Cilicia in Asia Minor on the lower course of river Pyramos. It was also known under the names Serretillis (Σερρέτιλλις), Ser(r)opolis, Serrai kome and Siris, as well as Kassipolis by Pliny.
It was a colony established by Siropaiones, a Paeonian tribe that was annexed by Macedon whose metropolis was Siris (modern Serres), and after which it was named. It was located 150 stadia from another Macedonian colony called Aegeae (modern Yumurtalık) and 250 stadia from Antioch (modern Antakya). Although the exact foundation time of the city is unknown, it would be safe to assume that it was either established by Paeonian refugees, forcibly resettled by the Persian general Megabazus in 486 B.C., or established during the Hellenistic period by colonists from Siris that followed Alexander the Great and the Seleucids.
In place of the ancient Greek city today lies the modern city Sirintilinin Çiftlik in southeastern Turkey.
# Platja d'en Bossa

Platja d'en Bossa (Catalan pronunciation:; Spanish: Playa d'en Bossa) is a major holiday resort on the Spanish island of Ibiza primarily catering for the British, German and Italian package holiday market. It is situated in the municipality of Sant Josep de sa Talaia, approximately 3 kilometres (1.9 mi) to the South of Ibiza Town. The island's main airport is approximately 3.2 kilometres (2.0 mi) away from Platja d'en Bossa.

## Description

At 2.7 kilometres (1.7 mi) long, the resort has the longest beaches on the island and is characterised by large hotel complex, restaurants, retail stores and residential property. There are both low and high rise buildings. In the summer months the area is one of the busiest resorts on the island.

## Clubbing

Platja d'en Bossa is a popular resort for its many bars and nightclubs. One of the island's so called super-clubs called Space was located in the resort until its closure in 2016. This club occupied what was once the islands conference and exhibition centre which failed and was sold. In 1987 it was sold and was opened as a nightclub. In the early 1990s DJs in the club began to carry on their sessions out in the open air terrace next to the club, and so began the legendary after hours parties which feature today. Over the years many world famous DJs have appeared in the club including Carl Cox, Paul Oakenfold, Sasha, Erick Morillo, Groove Armada, Danny Tenaglia and Robbie Rivera. In recent years another venue within the resort has become a popular place for music and events. It is called Ushuaïa and has held events for BBC Radio 1 in Ibiza. Sankeys is also located in Playa d'en Bossa.
# Susie Bell

Susie Bell was a popular nineteenth century nautical tune collected by Frederick Augustus Packer around the port at Hobart, in Tasmania. First published in 1882 London. The song is dedicated to the blue jacket sailors of the Australian Squadron, stationed in Australia. The lyrics are a rollicking Australian response to Nancy Lee written by Stephen Adams

## Lyrics

   Jack may blow of his Nancy Lee, how fair and sweet her face is,
   But Susie Bell is the girl for me, with all her matchless graces, She looks so sly with her laughing eye and rigs so trim and neat boys, There ain't no boat as I knows afloat can match her charms and graces.
   CHORUS Sing Ho! below, yo ho heave ho so trim and taut my girl is Away we go through the wind and snow And the pride of the fleet our ship is And my sweetheart Sue I am true to you As the needle to the pole is Singing Yo Heave Ho and a long loud cheer together Let the wild winds blow What care we for the weather
   Oh it's many a day since we sailed away at four o'clock in the morning with our close reefed sail we faced the gale and fear and danger scorning And as off we flew Ne'er a man in the crew more felt his heart a sinking For I know'd as Sue as 'true as true' of me when I was thinking
   CHORUS
   so here's a glass for the prettiest lass who 'good as golden gold' is and may Nancy Lee as faithful be as my own darling Sue is and when we're spliced by the parsons knot may we have joy together and fair or foul may blow the wind we'll face all sort of weather
   CHORUS

## Performances

* 1883 Hobart
* 1885 Hobart
* 1886 Tasmania
* 1894 Melbourne, Victoria
* 1894 Launceston
* 1901 Bunbury, Western Australia
* 1906 Tasmania
* 1907 Tasmania
* 1930 Hobart
* 1936 Hobart
# As I was going by Charing Cross

"As I was going by Charing Cross" (sometimes referred to as "As I was going to Charing Cross"), is an English language nursery rhyme. The rhyme was first recorded in the 1840s, but it may have older origins in street cries and verse of the seventeenth century. It refers to the equestrian statue of King Charles I in Charing Cross, London, and may allude to his death or be a puritan satire on royalist reactions to his execution. It was not recorded in its modern form until the mid-nineteenth century. It has a Roud Folk Song Index number of 20564.

## Lyrics

Modern versions include:
   As I was going by Charing Cross, I saw a black man upon a black horse; They told me it was King Charles the First- Oh dear, my heart was ready to burst!
The Roud Folk Song Index, which catalogues folk songs and their variations by number, classifies the song as 20564.

## Origin

The rhyme is thought to refer to the equestrian statue of Charles I (r. 1625–49), which was erected after the Restoration in 1660 and was moved in 1675 to the site of the old Charing Cross in central London. The tarnished bronze statue is largely dark in colour, but the "black" may refer to the king's hair colour.
The last line may refer to the reaction of the crowd when he was beheaded, or it may be a puritan satire on royalist reactions to the event. The rhyme may also have been produced out of a combination of existing couplets. A traditional London street cry was:
   I cry my matches at Charing Cross, Where sits a black man on a black horse.
or
   I cry my matches by old Charing-Cross, Where sitteth King Charles upon a black horse.
A note of a ballad in a seventeenth-century manuscript at Oxford contains the lines:
   But because I cood not a vine Charlles the furste By my toth my hart was readdy to burst
The first part was printed as a children's rhyme in a variation of the more famous "Ride a Cock Horse" in Pretty Tales, published in 1808, with the lyrics:
   Ride a Cock Horse, To Charing Cross, To see a black man, Upon a black horse.
The modern version, which may combine elements of this rhyme with a reference to the execution of Charles I, was first collected and printed by James Orchard Halliwell in the 1840s.
# Château de Lassay

The Château de Lassay is a 15th-century castle in Lassay-les-Châteaux, in the Mayenne department.

## History

The first mention of a castrum in Lassay dates back to the 12th century. Owned by Charles de Vendôme at the beginning of the 15th century, the castle was destroyed by French troops as Charles de Vendôme supported the English during the Hundred Years War.
In 1458, the French king Charles VII allowed the son of Charles de Vendôme, Jean II, to rebuild a castle. The new castle was completed within one year. The barbican was built in 1497–1498.
Since then, the castle has been left mainly intact, with the original 15th-century architecture preserved by the different owners of the castle.
The castle has been listed as a monument historique since 1862. It is open for visitors from April to September.

## Architecture

* Entrance.
* Inside of the barbican.
* Draw-bridge.
* Dwelling and courtyard.
* From the park.
* 19th century entrance from the park.
* Machicolation.
# Jonathan Téhoué

Jonathan Kahne Téhoué (born 3 May 1984) is a French former professional footballer who played as a striker.
He is known as a super-sub amongst Leyton Orient fans, having scored nine goals after the 85th minute of various matches since he joined the club.

## Club career

Téhoué was born in Paris. He previously played for SC Bastia in France, APOEL in Cyprus, R.E. Virton and FC Brussels in Belgium. He transferred to Kasımpaşa S.K. in August 2007 and moved to Konyaspor in February 2008.

### Huddersfield Town

After a successful trial, English Football League One club Huddersfield Town signed him subject to international clearance on 2 February 2009, but, because of a contractual dispute between Téhoué and Konyaspor, this was not forthcoming. FIFA became involved, but no decision was reached in time for the deal to be completed in the 2008–09 season.

### Leyton Orient

Upon leaving Konyaspor, Téhoué had a short spell with French side UJA Alfortville. On 12 January 2010, he was signed by League One club Leyton Orient on a short-term contract until the end of the 2009–10 season after impressing on a trial with the club.
On 2 February 2010, Téhoué scored his first goal in English football, converting Sean Thornton's cross from close range to score the fifth in Orient's 5–0 win over Bristol Rovers. On 12 March 2010, he signed a 2+1⁄2-year deal with the club which would keep him at The O's until 2012.
Téhoué scored his first goal of the 2010–11 season against Hartlepool United on 16 October 2010, smashing home from six yards in the 89th minute to earn the O's a 1–0 victory.
On 7 December 2010, Téhoué scored a late equaliser in the FA Cup Second Round against Droylsden and went on to complete a hat-trick in extra-time. His teammate Scott McGleish also achieved a hat-trick in extra-time, ultimately guiding Orient to an 8–2 victory and a place in the third round. On 20 February 2011, Téhoué came off the bench to score the late equaliser in Orient's fifth round 1–1 draw against Arsenal to earn Leyton Orient a replay at the Emirates Stadium.
After four months out with a broken wrist, Tehoue made his comeback with two goals in his first two games, coming on as a substitute to score in the 74th minute to round off a 3-0 win against Exeter before netting Orient's second against Notts County in the 85th minute (again as a sub).

### Swindon Town

On 7 March 2012, Téhoué went on loan to Swindon Town until the end of the season, stating that he did not get on well with Orient manager Russell Slade, and that he hoped to stay at Swindon and score against Orient in League One the following season. However, after one start and two substitute appearances for the Robins, manager Paolo Di Canio said that Téhoué would not play for the club again, claiming, "He's not as good as I thought he was."
# Saléchan

Saléchan (French pronunciation:; Occitan: Seleishan) is a commune in the Hautes-Pyrénées department in south-western France.
# Joseph Jehle

Joseph Jehle was a Swiss sports shooter. He competed at the 1920 Summer Olympics winning two bronze medals.
# Capannelle Racecourse

Capannelle Racecourse (Italian: Ippodromo delle Capannelle) is a horse racing venue in Rome, Italy. The course was constructed in 1881, and it was rebuilt in 1926 to a design by Paolo Vietti-Violi.
It was recently the venue of two Group 1 flat races – the Premio Lydia Tesio (downgraded to Group 2 in 2019) and the Premio Roma (downgraded to Group 2 in 2017). The track also stages the most valuable flat race in Italy, the Derby Italiano, which was downgraded to Group 2 status in 2009.
Group 2 races include the Premio Ribot and the Premio Presidente della Repubblica. Group 3 races include the Premio Tudini, Premio Carlo Chiesa, Premio Carlo e Francesco Aloisi, Premio Carlo d'Alessio, and Premio Guido Berardelli.
It is also home ground of Italy's premier cricket club, Capannelle Roma.
On September 8, 2019, the world's largest pizza party was held at the racecourse, where 1,146 people dined on pizza together.