OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Canadian Machine Gun Corps

The Canadian Machine Gun Corps (CMGC) was an corps of the Canadian Expeditionary Force (CEF) and of the Canadian Militia. It was part of the CEF sent to France during World War I. The Canadian Permanent Machine Gun Brigade was organized in the Permanent Force on 16 April 1917. By 1918, the CMGC consisted of 4 battalions (each of 4 machine gun companies), and 5 independent motor machine gun batteries, attached to each of the 4 Canadian divisions. In addition, the 20th Machine Gun Company CEF served at Vladivostok as a unit in the Canadian Siberian Expeditionary Force. The Canadian Permanent Machine Gun Brigade was redesignated the Royal Canadian Permanent Machine Gun Brigade on 16 June 1921. The Royal Canadian Permanent Machine Gun Brigade was disbanded on 1 November 1923. The Non-Permanent Active Militia component of the CMGC continued to serve until it was disbanded as part of the 1936 Canadian Militia reorganization, and its roles were transferred to the newly formed infantry (machine gun) battalions. The CMGC donated a wall plaque at St. George's Church in Ypres.

## History

The Canadian Machine Gun Corps was formed on 16 April 1917 and the official publication of the formation occurred in the Canadians' Routine Order 558 of 22 February 1917. It was initially composed of:
* Machine Gun Squadron, Canadian Cavalry Brigade,
* Machine gun companies,
* 1st Motor Machine Gun Brigade and motor machine gun batteries,
* A depot organized in England on 4 January 1917 (authorized by Canadians' Routine Order 150 of same date).
During the Battle of Vimy Ridge the CMGC, with some British units, used a total of 362 Vickers guns. 104 guns went forward with the infantry while 258 were used in the indirect barrage role. Nearly 5 million rounds of ammunition were allocated for the barrage.

### Victoria Cross recipient

Lieutenant Hugh McKenzie was posthumously awarded the Victoria Cross for his actions on 30 October 1917 during the Battle of Passchendaele.

## Related units

This unit was allied with the Machine Gun Corps of the British Army.
# Lawson Wood

Lawson Wood, sometimes Clarence Lawson Wood RI FZS, (23 August 1878 – 26 October 1957), was an English painter, illustrator and designer.

## Biography

Lawson Wood was born on 23 August 1878 in Highgate, London, the son of landscape artist Pinhorn Wood RI (1848–1918), and the grandson of architectural artist L.J. Wood RI, (1813–1901). He studied at the Slade School of Fine Art, at the Heatherley School of Fine Art, and took evening classes at Frank Calderon's School of Animal Painting.$^{:245}$
In 1896, at age 18, he was employed with periodical publisher C. Arthur Pearson. He soon became Pearson's chief artist, leaving after six years to turn freelance.$^{:246}$
In 1902, he married the fashion artist Charlotte Forge.$^{:246}$ The couple had two sons and one daughter.

## Work

From the age of 24 he pursued a successful freelance career and was published in The Graphic, The Strand Magazine, Punch, The Illustrated London News, and the Boys Own Paper. He illustrated a number of books including Louis Tracy's The Invaders in 1901 for Pearson.
His books include The Bow-Wow Book (1912), Rummy Tales (1920), The Noo-Zoo Tales (1922), Jolly Rhymes (1926), Fun Fair (1931), The Old Nursery Rhymes (1933), The Bedtime Picture Book (1943), Meddlesome Monkeys (1946) and Mischief Makers (1946). Frederick Warne of London a seried of Mr. books by Wood in 1916:Mr Prickles, Mr Quack, Mr Trunk, Mr Grunt, Mr Fox, and Mr Pup.

## Assessment

Peppin and Micklethwait stated that Wood's wide reputation as a humorous illustrator and commercial artist was based in part on astute management. He retained the copyright in his work and licensed it in Britain and abroad for posters, postcards, etc. Cran'pop was merchandised in pottery, calendars, postcards, and cigarette cards.$^{:246}$ Wood worked in pen and ink, pencils, chalk, and watercolour. He used a specially made enamel palette about one foot (300 mm) square and worked on Milburn Drawing Board at an architects desk.$^{:246}$
Houfe said that most of Wood's work was "humorous in drawing and content, his repertoire of characters including peppery army officers, namby-pamby men and dominating old dames. The figures are heavily caricatured and he was one of the group of artists who made capital out of imaginary prehistoric scenes." Kelly calls a watercolour by Wood "a welcome holiday from the prehistoric monsters and chimpanzees on which he wasted so much talent." Peppin and Micklethwait cite Percy Bradshaw as saying the Wood had a "breadth, ease and fluency which many an infinitely more serious artist must envy".

## Later life

Wood lived in a 15th-century medieval manor house he moved brick by brick from Sussex to the Kent border. He died in Devon on 26 October 1957 at the age of 79.
# Polar Subglacial Basin

Polar Subglacial Basin (85°0′S 110°0′E﻿ / ﻿85.000°S 110.000°E﻿ / -85.000; 110.000) is a subglacial basin situated generally between Gamburtsev Subglacial Mountains and the Dominion Range in East Antarctica. The feature was roughly delineated by American, United Kingdom and Soviet seismic field parties, 1958–61. Named by Advisory Committee on Antarctic Names (US-ACAN) (1961) for the proximity of the feature to the South Pole area.
# Nancheng Subdistrict, Dongguan

Nancheng Subdistrict is a subdistrict of Guangdong Province, China. It is under the administration of Dongguan city.

## Transportation

There is a bus service from Nancheng Subdistrict to Shenzhen Bao'an International Airport in Shenzhen.

## Education

International School of Dongguan is located in Nancheng District.

## Economy

Several prominent international enterprises, including Walmart, Nokia, Nestle, have established operations in Nancheng. Among them, 12 feature in the list of the world's largest 500 enterprises.

### Domestic Enterprises

Nancheng is also home to 13 national high-tech enterprises like Dongguan Anwell Digital Machinery Co., Ltd., Dongguan Land Dragon Paper Industries Co., Ltd., and Dongguan Shengyi Copper Clad laminate Co., Ltd. Additionally, there is a provincial-level innovative pilot enterprise and 26 provincial high-tech enterprises located in Nancheng, emphasizing its significance as a hub for global enterprise operations.
# Doctor Ub'x

Doctor Ub'x is a fictional character in the DC Universe. He first appeared disguised as the villain Polestar in Green Lantern Corps #201 (June 1986), then disguised as the villains Truk, Malignon, and his true form in Green Lantern Corps #202 (July 1986). Ub'x was named after Walt Disney animator Ub Iwerks.

## Fictional character biography

Doctor Ub'x is a H'lvenite, a rodent-like alien originating from the planet H'lven in Sector 1014. He attempts to conquer his planet before fellow H'lvenite Ch'p becomes a Green Lantern and defeats him.
When the multiverse is destroyed in Crisis on Infinite Earths, Ub'x survives by using his Sucker Stick to transform into pure energy. He reconciles with and befriends Ch'p due to the two being among the few beings who remember the original universe before relocating to Africa and creating a rodent-like species similar to the H'lvenites.
# Malir Colony railway station

Malir Colony Railway Station (Urdu: ملیر کالونی ریلوے اسٹیشن, Sindhi: ملير ڪالوني ريلوي اسٽيشن) is located in Malir Colony, Karachi, Pakistan.
* Malir Colony railway station, view of Karachi Circular Railway platform
* Malir Colony railway station, view from end of main line platform
# Verkhniye Sergi

Verkhniye Sergi (Russian: Ве́рхние Се́рги) is an urban locality (a work settlement) in Nizhneserginsky District of Sverdlovsk Oblast, Russia, located in the Ural Mountains on the Serga River 100 kilometers (62 mi) west-southwest of Yekaterinburg and 20 kilometers (12 mi) east of Nizhniye Sergi. Population: 6,105 (2010 Census); 6,629 (2002 Census); 7,515 (1989 Soviet census).
# Tedi Papavrami

Tedi Papavrami, (born 13 May 1971) is an Albanian violinist.

## Biography

Papavrami was born in Tirana in 1971 and started to play the violin at the age of four or five. He studied violin with his father, Robert Papavrami. At age 8, he performed Pablo de Sarasate's Airs Bohémiens with the Tirana Philharmonic Orchestra, and three years later performed Paganini's first violin concerto.
In 1982, on the suggestion of flautist Alain Marion, the French government offered Papvrami a scholarship to study at the Conservatoire de Paris under the direction of Pierre Amoyal. In 1985 he won the International Violin Competition Rodolfo Lipizer Prize in Gorizia and in 1986 he won the First Prize of the Conservatory of Paris. In 1987 he received a degree from the Lausanne Conservatory.
Papavrami then continued his musical studies under the direction of Zino Francescatti and Viktoria Mullova. In 1992 he won the SACEM George Enescu Prize and in 1993, the first prize and special prize in the Pablo Sarasate International Violin Competition.
Papavrami appeared in the 2003 miniseries Les Liaisons dangereuses, playing Raphael Danceny. He has translated many of Ismail Kadare's literary works into French, starting in 2000.
Tedi Papavrami has played in Europe, South Africa, Turkey, Japan, and Israel, with the Bologna Orchestra, Bamberg Symphony, the Orchestre de Nice, the Orquesta Sinfónica de Galicia, the Orchestre Philharmonique de Liège, and the Orchestre de Paris. He has been conducted by orchestra directors such as Kurt Sanderling, Christopher Hogwood, Antonio Pappano, Louis Langrée, Gilbert Varga, Zdeněk Mácal, and Jean-Claude Casadesus.
He embarked on tour in Japan with Paganini's 24 Caprices for Solo Violin. Papavrami regularly plays chamber music with Philippe Bianconi, Hüseyin Sermet, Paul Meyer, and Raphaël Oleg.
He played for the film Provincial Chronicle (2009).

## Discography

* Prokofiev: Violin Concertos No. 1 and 2 & Sonata for Solo Violin (with the Polish National Radio Symphony Orchestra and Antoni Wit), Naxos, 1996.
* Paganini: 24 Caprices (recorded at the Théâtre des Quatres Saisons de Gradignan), Pan Classics, 1997.
* Ysaÿe: The Complete Sonatas for Solo Violin, Op. 27 & Sonata for 2 Violins (with Svetlin Roussev), Zigzag, 2014.
* Fauré & Franck: Sonates pour violon et piano (with Nelson Goerner), Alpha Records, 2017 (2016).
# Maypacius

Maypacius is a genus of African nursery web spiders that was first described by Eugène Louis Simon in 1898.

## Species

As of October 2024, the World Spider Catalog accepted nine species, found only in Africa:
* Maypacius bilineatus (Pavesi, 1895) (type) – Central, East Africa, Madagascar
* Maypacius christophei Blandin, 1975 – Congo
* Maypacius curiosus Blandin, 1975 – Congo
* Maypacius gilloni Blandin, 1978 – Senegal
* Maypacius kaestneri Roewer, 1955 – West, Central Africa
* Maypacius petrunkevitchi Lessert, 1933 – Angola, Rwanda
* Maypacius roeweri Blandin, 1975 – Congo
* Maypacius stuhlmanni (Bösenberg & Lenz, 1895) – Tanzania (mainland, Zanzibar)
* Maypacius vittiger Simon, 1898 – Madagascar
# Mesothen (moth)

Mesothen is a genus of moths in the subfamily Arctiinae. The genus was erected by George Hampson in 1898.

## Species

The genus includes the following species:
* Mesothen albifrons Schaus, 1901
* Mesothen albilimbata Dognin, 1912
* Mesothen aurantegula E. D. Jones, 1914
* Mesothen aurantiaca Dognin, 1906
* Mesothen aurata Dognin, 1913
* Mesothen bisexualis Dognin, 1912
* Mesothen caeruleicorpus Schaus, 1905
* Mesothen catherina Schaus, 1892
* Mesothen cosmosomoides Rothschild, 1911
* Mesothen demicostata Kaye, 1918
* Mesothen dorsimacula Rothschild, 1911
* Mesothen desperata Walker, 1856
* Mesothen endoleuca Druce, 1905
* Mesothen epimetheus Schaus, 1892
* Mesothen erythaema Hampson, 1898
* Mesothen ethela Schaus, 1911
* Mesothen flavicostata Druce, 1906
* Mesothen flaviventris Druce, 1884
* Mesothen ignea Druce, 1898
* Mesothen inconspicuata Kaye, 1911
* Mesothen meridensis Rothschild, 1911
* Mesothen montana Schaus, 1911
* Mesothen nana Schaus, 1905
* Mesothen nomia Druce, 1900
* Mesothen ockendeni Druce, 1905
* Mesothen perflava Kaye, 1911
* Mesothen petosiris Druce, 1883
* Mesothen pyrrha Schaus, 1889
* Mesothen pyrrhina E. D. Jones, 1914
* Mesothen restricta Rothschild, 1931
* Mesothen rogenhoferi Schaus, 1892
* Mesothen roseifemur Draudt, 1915
* Mesothen samina Druce, 1896
* Mesothen semiflava Rothschild, 1911
* Mesothen temperata Schaus, 1911
* Mesothen tigrina Rothschild, 1931
* Mesothen zenobia Schaus, 1927
# The Yes Man

The Yes Man (Italian: Il portaborse) is a 1991 Italian drama film directed by Daniele Luchetti. It was entered into the 1991 Cannes Film Festival.

## Cast

* Silvio Orlando - Luciano Sandulli
* Nanni Moretti - Cesare Botero
* Giulio Brogi - Francesco Sanna
* Anne Roussel - Juliette
* Angela Finocchiaro - Irene
* Graziano Giusti - Sebastiano Tramonti
* Lucio Allocca - Remo Gola
* Dario Cantarelli - Carissimi
* Antonio Petrocelli - Polline
* Gianna Paola Scaffidi - Adriana
* Giulio Base - Botero's driver
* Guido Alberti - Carlo Sperati
* Renato Carpentieri - Sartorio
* Silvia Cohen - Botero's wife (as Silva Cohen)
* Roberto De Francesco - Zollo
* Dino Valdi - Federico Castri
* Ivano Marescotti - Provincial Secretary
* Salvatore Puntillo - Marco Tullio Illica
* Giacomo Piperno - Medical Director
# Kosyakovka

Kosyakovka (Russian: Косяковка) is a rural locality (a selo) in Krasnoyarsky Selsoviet, Sterlitamaksky District, Bashkortostan, Russia. The population was 744 as of 2010. There are 6 streets.

## Geography

Kosyakovka is located 13 km northeast of Sterlitamak (the district's administrative centre) by road. Taneyevka and Sterlitamak are the nearest rural localities.
# Volče, Pivka

Volče (pronounced, in older sources Vovče, German: Woutsche) is a village in the Municipality of Pivka in the Inner Carniola region of Slovenia.
The small church in the settlement is dedicated to Saint Peter and belongs to the Parish of Košana.
# Dolores-Guayaquil Megashear

The Dolores-Guayaquil Megashear (Spanish: Megafalla Dolores-Guayaquil) is a first-order shear zone and fault zone in Northern South America. The megashear runs from the Gulf of Guayaquil in southwestern Ecuador, through Colombia, to Dolores in Venezuela.
# Jamshidabad, Qaleh-ye Mozaffari

Jamshidabad (Persian: جمشيدآباد, also Romanized as Jamshīdābād) is a village in Qaleh-ye Mozaffari Rural District, in the Central District of Selseleh County, Lorestan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 21, in 4 families.
# Saratov State University

Saratov Chernyshevsky State University (Russian: Саратовский государственный университет имени Н. Г. Чернышевского, СГУ, transcribed as SGU) is a higher education and research institution in Russia. In 2023 it was ranked #1,156 in the world by US News & World Report.
Named for Nikolay Chernyshevsky, the university was founded in 1909 under the name Imperial Saratov University by the Decree of Emperor Nicholas II. On June 10, 1909, the Emperor signed the "Decree on the foundation of the university in Saratov", which became the tenth University in Russia and consisted of the Medical Faculty only. Professor V.I. Razumovsky became the first university rector. He was a public figure, surgeon, and scientist. Construction of university buildings as well as the university clinic named after S.R. Mirotvortsev was carried out under the supervision of Russian architect Karl Hermann Ludwig Müffke. The Regional Institute for Microbiology and Epidemiology in South East Russia opened in the city in 1919.
It is located in Saratov, a city in the southeast of the European part of Russia, on the right bank of the Volga River. SGU has 28 departments, more than 90 programmes of study are offered and the enrollment is around 28,000 students. In April 2006 the programming team from Saratov State University won the world finals of the 2006 ACM International Collegiate Programming Contest held in San Antonio, Texas.

## Notable people

* Semyon Belozyorov
* Boris Gnedenko
* Serafima Gromova
* Isaac Mustafin
* Artem Stolyarov
# Kadu Sara

Kadoo Sara (Persian: كدوسرا, also Romanized as Kooee Sarā, khashe kooee Sara, and halva kooee-Sara; also known as خاش کویی سرا ) is a village in Sangar Rural District, Sangar District, Rasht County, Gilan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 1,241, in 369 families.
# Yeshivat Lev Hatorah

Yeshivat Lev HaTorah (Hebrew: ישיבת ההסדר לב התורה) is a Religious Zionist yeshiva, located in Ramat Shilo, a sub-district of Ramat Bet Shemesh, Israel.

## Notable alumni

* Adam Edelman (born 1991), American-born four-time Israeli National Champion in skeleton event, and Israeli Olympian
# Predjama

Predjama (pronounced; German: Luegg, Italian: Castel Lueghi) is a small settlement in the Municipality of Postojna in the Inner Carniola region of Slovenia.

## Landmarks
### Castle

Predjama Castle, a Renaissance castle and a major tourist attraction in Slovenia, is located at the mouth of a cave just above the settlement.

### Church

Our Lady of Sorrows Church in the settlement is a chapel of ease of the Parish of Studeno. It is a single-nave Gothic church painted with frescos from c. 1460 that was built at the end of the 15th century. It has been protected as a cultural monument of national significance.
# Chang Jung-sook

Chang Jung-sook (Korean: 장정숙, born 17 January 1952) is a South Korean politician and the former parliamentary leader of the New Alternatives.

## Career

Born in Daejeon, Chang studied vocal music at Seoul National University. She currently holds a master's degree in music education from Yonsei University.
Chang served as a member of the Seoul Metropolitan Council from 2010 to 2014. During this time, she revealed the corruption scandal of Myung-whun Chung, as well as the poor management of Sejong Centre. Her career gave a nickname "Kwakjwee (꽉쥐)", named after her persistence that when she strongly holds a something, she does not release it (꽉 쥐면 안 놓는다; pronounced as Kwak jweemyun an nohnneunda).
In 2016, she was brought into the National Congress, a minor political party formed by Chun Jung-bae. The party was subsequently merged into the People's Party (PP), in which she ran 11th in the party list. She was elected and served positions i.e. parliamentary spokeswoman and deputy parliamentary leader.
In 2018, Chang declared to quit from the PP along with the other dissidents due to the disagreement of the party's decision to merge with the Bareun Party (BP). She, along with Lee Sang-don and Park Joo-hyun, was planning to join the Party for Democracy and Peace (PDP) but unable to do so as PRs are not allowed to exit from their original parties; if they do so, their parliamentary membership will be automatically revoked. The only way was to let the PP President Ahn Cheol-soo to expel 3 of them, which was rejected by him. Both PP and BP were combined as the Bareunmirae Party (BMP) and since then, she still remains within the party. However, the PDP allowed her to hold any kind of party offices and made her as the PDP spokeswoman.
In 2019, Chang de facto joined the New Alternatives while remaining as a BMP member. In 2020, she was appointed as the parliamentary leader of the New Alternatives.

## Personal life

Chang married Lim Pyung-yong, a conductor from Mokpo who met during the university life. Both has a son (Lim Young-seok) and 2 daughters (Lim Eun-jung and Lim Hyun-jung).

## Election results
### General elections

| Year | Constituency | Political party | Votes (%) | Remarks |
| 2016 | Proportional (11th) | People's | 6,355,572 (26.74%) | Elected |
| 2020 | Proportional (5th) | Minsaeng | 758,778 (2.71%) | Not elected |

### Local elections
#### Seoul Metropolitan Council

| Year | Constituency | Political party | Votes (%) | Remarks |
| 2010 | Proportional (5th) | DP | 1,790,556 (40.99%) | Elected |
# Ian Dick (rugby union)

Charles John "Ian" Dick (born 26 January 1937) is an Irish former international rugby union player.
The son of a Ballymena doctor, Dick attended Ballymena Academy and was one of three brothers to represent Ulster, along with Jim and Robin. He played in the Ulster side that played against the 1957–58 Wallabies at Ravenhill.
Dick, a forward, played for Ballymena RFC and Queen's University. Between 1961 and 1963, Dick was capped eight times for Ireland, as a lock in his first year, then utilised as a number eight. His Ireland career included the 1961 tour of South Africa, although he didn't play a capped match. He also toured with the Barbarians.
# Andrea Letanovská

Andrea Letanovská (née Argalášová, born 26 April 1969) is a Slovak physician and politician. From 2020 to 2021, she was a member of the National Council.

## Biography

Letanovská was born on 26 April 1969 in Bratislava. She studied medicine at the Comenius University, graduating in 1993. In 2015, she obtained a PhD in surgery at the Slovak Medical University. Letanovská has worked in emergency medicine since graduation. Since 2017, she has worked as a consultant at the National Oncology Institute in Bratislava.

## Political career

Letanovská ran in the 2020 Slovak parliamentary election on the list of For the People party. She failed to win a mandate, but nonetheless became a deputy as a replacement for Vladimír Ledecký during the time he served as a State Secretary from 2020 to 2021, as the Slovak constitution does not allow for combination of government membership and parliament mandate. Following the loss of her seat, she left the party as well due to her disagreements with the leadership of Veronika Remišová.
In May 2021, she joined the Democrats party. In June 2023, Letanovská became the election leader of the Democrats for the 2023 Slovak parliamentary election.
# Kakaletri

Kakaletri (Greek: Κακαλέτρι) is a village in the municipality of Oichalia, Messenia, Peloponnese, Greece.
The name is related to the Greek family name "Kakaletris", which is often met in places around the village, including Pyrgos (Elis), Kalamata (Messenia) and Sparti (Laconia).
# Elati, Trikala

Elati (Greek: Ελάτη), formerly known as Tyrna (Τύρνα), is a village in the regional unit of Trikala, Greece. It lies at the south part of the Pindos mountain chain, 32 km (20 mi) from Trikala city.

## History

According to tradition, Elati was settled a few years after the Fall of Constantinople to the Ottoman Empire. The present location of the village is fairly new. Before 1943, the village was located more westerly, near the river. In 1943, the village was burned down in by the German Army during the German occupation of Greece. Along the driveway from Trikala to Elati is the Porta Panagia church, built in 1283 in the village of Pyli. The arched bridge over the Portaikos river was built in 1514 by Saint Bessarion II of Larissa.
In the area there are many monasteries. Monasteries still in operation are the Gouras Monastery, and Agiou Vissarionos Monastery, both located near Pyli. The rest of the monasteries are deserted, but they can be located near the villages of Neraidochori, Pyrra, Desi, and Gardiki.

## Tourism

Visitors to Elati can enjoy many sporting or other activities. During the winter, a small ski center, located in 7 km outside the village on the way to Pertouli, is operational. There is also a stamina-ski course. During spring and summer, there are many paths for a walking tour in the forest with springs and meadows, and also long roads in the forest to be traveled by car, motorcycle, mountain bicycle even on horseback. At a quarter of an hour from the village on Kokkinos Braxos location, are three climbing stages. Below the highest peak, Koziaka, there is the Xatzipetros's shelter which can provide accommodation for 20 people.

## Wildlife

In the area's rivers, there is fishing and swimming in the cold and crystal-clear water. A large variety of wild animals exist in the forest, such as: pheasants, partridges, woodcocks, hares, roes, bears, and wolves. The area's flora varies greatly.
# Podtyosovo

Podtyosovo (Russian: Подтёсово) is an urban locality (an urban-type settlement) in Yeniseysky District of Krasnoyarsk Krai, Russia. Population: 4,718 (2010 Census); 5,658 (2002 Census); 6,555 (1989 Soviet census).