OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Qal'achai Kalon

Qal'achai Kalon (Russian: Калачаи-Калон; Tajik: Қалъачаи Калон), formerly known as Kommunizm (Tajik: Коммунизм), is a village and jamoat in north-western Tajikistan. It is part of the city of Istaravshan in Sughd Region. The jamoat has a total population of 15,433 (2015).
# Svetlopolyansk

Svetlopolyansk (Russian: Светлополянск) is an urban locality (an urban-type settlement) in Verkhnekamsky District of Kirov Oblast, Russia. Population: 2,923 (2010 Census); 3,275 (2002 Census); 3,967 (1989 Soviet census).
# Colonzelle

Colonzelle (French pronunciation:; Occitan: Colonzèla) is a commune in the Drôme department in southeastern France.
# Kępa Wólczyńska

Kępa Wólczyńska is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Kozienice, within Kozienice County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately 5 kilometres (3 mi) north-east of Kozienice and 81 km (50 mi) south-east of Warsaw.
# Jaish al-Ta'ifa al-Mansurah

Jaish al-Ta'ifa al-Mansurah (Arabic: جيش الطائفة المنصورة, romanized: Army of the Victorious Sect) was an Iraqi Salafi-jihadist insurgent group that fought against US troops and their local allies during the Iraq War. In 2006 the group aligned itself with al-Qaeda and helped establish the Mujahideen Shura Council.

## History

The group was founded by Abu Omar al-Baghdadi with the support of Abu Musab al-Zarqawi, but exactly when is uncertain.
In May 2004, Jaish al-Taif al-Mansour kidnapped Interenergoservice workers Alexander Gordienko and Andrei Meshcherakov and demanded the withdrawal of foreign forces from Iraq.
This group gained notoriety on August 31, 2005, thanks to the mortar shelling near the Al-Aim Bridge over the Tigris River, across which a Shia procession marched to the tomb of Imam Musa al-Kazim. As a result of the bombing, 7 people were killed and 35 injured, and the crush on the bridge estimated that between 953 and 1,033 people were killed and between 322 and 815 injured in what became known as the 2005 Al-Aimmah Bridge disaster.
On January 15, 2006, an organization known as the Mujahideen Shura Council in Iraq announced its establishment. Jaish al-Ta'ifa al-Mansurah has been declared one of its constituent groups, along with al-Qaeda in Iraq, the Monotheism Brigades, the Sarai al-Jihad group, the al-Ghurab Brigades and the al-Ahwal Brigades.
# National Transport Museum, Bulgaria

The National Transport Museum (Bulgarian: Национален музей на транспорта; Natsionalen Muzey na Transporta) in Ruse, Bulgaria, is situated on the bank of the Danube, in the country's first railway station, built in 1866.

## The museum

Exhibits are laid out both inside and outside the old station. Among the exhibits outside the building are more than ten steam engines, including the oldest steam engine preserved in the country (a class P 3/3 z, built in England in 1868, and various railroad carriages, including the personal carriages of the Kings Ferdinand of Bulgaria and Boris III of Bulgaria, as well as the carriage of the Turkish sultan of 1866.
As of 2007 the museum is underfunded, the heritage engines and railcars are stored in the open air without almost any maintenance, and the humid air from the nearby Danube accelerates significantly their decay.
The museum was named the National Museum of Railway Transport and Communications on 26 June 1996, commemorating the 100th anniversary of railroads in Bulgaria, and the building was declared a historical landmark. The museum's exhibits have been used in the films Capitan Petko Voivoda („Капитан Петко Войвода“), Records of Bulgarian Uprisings („Записки по българските въстания“), and the Russian-Bulgarian production Turkish Gambit.

## The old railway station

The construction of the old Rousse Railway Station was commenced in 1863 and completed three years later. The station is situated in the (then) outskirts of Rousse, near the high bank of the Danube, opposite to Giurgiu. It is not functioning now.
Building the railway station was the beginning of a larger project – the Rousse-Varna railway, executed under English, French, and Austria-Hungarian pressure. The new railway was intended to shorten journeys from London to Istanbul by five or six days. Its architectural and constructive plans were provided by the Birkleck brothers (Bulgarian: братя Бърклек; English spelling uncertain). A water tower, a supportive river wall, and a couple of other facilities were built nearby, using white limestone from nearby villages. In 1866 the station's construction was completed, and it had a waiting room, a room for the station manager, one for the clerk in charge, and some other premises.
The exploitation administration, headquartered in London, occupied the building shortly after its opening. Most of the clerks and the supporting staff were Bulgarians. Georgi Tsonchev was the supervisor general of the railway to Varna. Ilarion Dragostinov, Ivan Vedar, and Radi Ivanov worked there as telegraph operators; Georgi Ikonomov was a shunter operator. The railway station developed massive passenger and cargo activity for its time, partly due to the neighbouring harbour.
After opening the Rousse-Tarnovo railway in 1900 with its first station Rousse South, the old station was renamed Rousse East, and remained functional until the launching of a classification yard in June 1954, when it was transformed into (a part of the) National Transport Museum.

## Gallery

* The Sultan's wagon
* Interior of a carriage with heating
* Interior — slots for mail transport
* A handcar
# Gestiès

Gestiès (French pronunciation:; Occitan: Gestièrs) is a commune in the Ariège department in southwestern France.

## Population

Inhabitants of Gestiès are called Gestiérois.
# Balat, Egypt

Balat (Arabic: بلاط, from Latin: palātium, lit. 'palace'), is a small town in the New Valley Governorate, Egypt. Its population was estimated at 3,700 people in 2006.

## Geography

The town lies in the eastern part of the Dakhhla Oasis in Egypt. Three kilometers to the northeast at Ain 'Asil (Arabic عين أصيل) was a settlement from the Old Kingdom. The northern part of the settlement was surrounded by a wall. There was the palace of the governor (head of the oasis) and other administrative buildings. In the south, among other things, there were significant remains of houses and potteries.

## History

The place exists probably only since the second half of the 14th century. The name Balāṭ el-Malik, occasionally used by locals, means ruler's seat. The old village center is located on the south side of the trunk road to Muṭ, the "modern" settlement extends on the north side.
# Sub

Sub or SUB may refer to:

## Places

* Juanda International Airport, Surabaya, Indonesia, IATA code SUB

## People

* Bottom (BDSM), or "sub" for "submissive"
* Substitute teacher

## Computing and technology

* <sub>, an HTML tag for subscript
* SUB designates a subroutine in some programming languages
* SUB, substitute character, ASCII character 26
* SUB, subtraction processor command
* .sub (disambiguation), several file extensions
* Subeditor
* Subwoofer loudspeaker

## Typography

* Subscript and superscript
* Subtitle

## Entertainment and media

* Sub (TV channel)
* Sub (album), a 2000 album by Swiss industrial metal band Apollyon Sun
* The Sub, a 2017 American short horror film
* Subs (novel), a 2011 novel by Thor Kunkel

## Other uses

* Seafarers' Union of Burma, or SUB
* Submarine sandwich, or hero sandwich
* Submarine, a warship with underwater travel capabilities.
* Submersible, an underwater vehicle designed to be completely submerged or operate while submerged.
* Subnature concept
* Subscription
# Monterrei (DO)

41°57′48″N 7°26′57″W﻿ / ﻿41.96333°N 7.44917°W﻿ / 41.96333; -7.44917
Monterrei is a Spanish Denominación de Origen Protegida (DOP) (Denominación de Orixe Protexida in Galician) for wines located in the southeast corner of the province of Ourense in Galicia, Spain. It covers the municipalities of Verín, Monterrei, Oimbra, Castrelo do Val, Riós and Vilaredvós.
Long a neglected DO, Monterrei became suddenly relevant and production has boomed as some of its wines were praised by wine critic Robert M. Parker, Jr. in March 2008.

## History

It is believed that it was the ancient Romans who first introduced grape growing and wine making in this region. The wines from Monterrei were renowned during the Middle Ages. As Federico Justo Méndez stated in his book Brotes de Raíces Históricas: “The wines from the Monterrei valley, due to their excellent quality, were on a par with the wines from Porto, and for a time were sold all over Latin America”.
Exports increased during the reign of Philip II, especially as the 5th Count of Monterrei was nominated viceroy to the new Spanish colonies in the New World. It was around this time that the city of Monterrey in Mexico was founded.
In modern times, most of the wine produces is still sold in bulk, but pioneering wineries have started to bottle and market their own brands.
Provisional DO status was originally acquired in the 1980s but was suspended. It was not until the 1994 that it was recovered.

## Geography

The vines grow on the sides of the valleys around the river Tâmega. The main town is Verín. The vineyards are at an altitude that varies between 400 and 450 m above sea level.
There are two different sub-zones: Val de Monterrei (Monterrei Valley) and Ladeira de Monterrei (Monterrei slopes). The vines cover an area of about 3000 hectares, even though not all of them are covered by the DOP.

## Soils

The fertile, clayey soils, humid climate, high vine density and the yield of the local grape varieties means that wine production is high at 50 hectolitres per hectare.

## Climate

Monterrei is the warmest and driest area in Galicia, sharing some climatic characteristics with the Spanish central plain. The Serra do Larouco range produces a rain shadow effect in the area. Besides, summers are long and sometimes dry, sometimes with a daily temperature range sometimes as wide as 30 degrees Celsius. Temperatures can fall below 0 °C in winter. Average annual rainfall is about 700 mm and the influence of the Atlantic produces cold autumns.

## Grapes

Recommended red grapes: Mencía and Merenzao; also authorized are Araúxa / Tempranillo, Caiño Tinto and Sousón.
Recommended white grapes: Doña Blanca, Godello, and Treixadura; also authorized are Albariño, Blanca de Monterrei, Caiño Branco, and Loureira.
As most vineyards have been planted recently, they are on trellises (en espaldera) so as to maximize their exposure to the sun.
# Taherabad, Bukan

Taherabad (Persian: طاهراباد, also Romanized as Ţāherābād) is a village in Akhtachi-ye Sharqi Rural District, Simmineh District, Bukan County, West Azerbaijan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 151, in 25 families.
# Al-Nahdha SC

Al-Nahdha Sport Club (Arabic: نادي النهضة الرياضي), is an Iraqi football team based in Karrada, Baghdad, that plays in the Iraqi Second Division League.

## History

Al-Nahdha team was promoted to the Iraqi Premier League in the 2005–06 season, but withdrew from the league because they did not have an independent stadium.

## Managerial history

* Sabah Abdul-Jalil
* Saadi Toma
* Jassim Hameed Segar
* Jabbar Hameed
* Nasser Noumy
* Sultan Ghafil
* Fadhel Luaibi
# Tovah Khoshkeh, Lorestan

Tovah Khoshkeh (Persian: توه خشكه, also Romanized as Tūvah Khoshkeh and Tūveh Khoshkeh; also known as Tūy Khoshkeh and Tovah Khoshkeh-ye Shekar) is a village in Kunani Rural District, Kunani District, Kuhdasht County, Lorestan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 1,153, in 222 families.
# Durban-Corbières

Durban-Corbières (French pronunciation: ; Occitan: Durban de las Corbièras) is a commune in the Aude department in southern France.

## Sights

* Jardin botanique Méditerrannéen
# Mariano Moreno Airport

Maríano Moreno Airport (Spanish: Aeropuerto de Maríano Moreno, ICAO: SADJ) is a joint public/military airport located south of José C. Paz, a western suburb in the Greater Buenos Aires metropolitan region of Argentina. The airport is named after Argentinian patriot Mariano Moreno.
The Mariano Moreno VOR-DME (Ident: ENO) is located on the field. The Mariano Moreno non-directional beacon (Ident: Z1) is just north of the airport.
# Ab Gandu

Ab Gandu (Persian: اب گندو, also Romanized as Āb Gandū, Ab Gandoo, and Āb Gandow) is a village in Haparu Rural District, in the Central District of Bagh-e Malek County, Khuzestan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 391, in 69 families.
# Monna Vanna

Monna Vanna (Russian: Монна Ванна) is an unfinished opera by Sergei Rachmaninoff after a play by Maurice Maeterlinck. Rachmaninoff had completed Act I in short vocal score, with piano accompaniment, and then he went to ask for permission to set the text in a full three-act treatment. However, another composer, Henry Février, had by then received the rights to an operatic setting of the text. Had Rachmaninoff proceeded to a complete operatic setting, such a work could not have been produced in European countries that were signatories to copyright laws that covered the work of Maeterlinck. This opera could only have been produced in countries that at the time were not signatories to European copyright law, such as Russia. Ultimately, Rachmaninoff abandoned further work on this opera and never wrote a complete setting.
Years later, at the request of Sophie Satin, Rachmaninoff's sister-in-law, Igor Buketoff prepared a performing orchestrated edition of Act I, which he conducted in its world premiere with the Philadelphia Orchestra on 11 August 1984 at Saratoga Springs, New York with Tatiana Troyanos in the title role, Sherrill Milnes as Guido, and John Alexander as Guido's father. He also made the premiere recording of the work, with the Iceland Symphony Orchestra.

## Roles

| Role | Voice type | Premiere cast Act I performed, 11 August 1984 (Conductor: Igor Buketoff) |
| Guido, military commander | baritone | Sherrill Milnes |
| Guido's father | tenor | John Alexander |
| Monna Vanna, wife of Guido | soprano | Tatiana Troyanos |
| Torello | | |
| Borso | | |
| Chorus (off stage) |||

## Synopsis

    Time: 15th-century
    Place: Pisa, Italy, during an armed conflict with the city under siege.
Act I is divided into three scenes.
Guido, the military commander in Pisa, learns from his father that the enemy will cease conflict if Monna Vanna, wife of Guido, goes to the enemy's camp, but dressed only in a mantle. Monna Vanna agrees to this demand.

## Recordings

* Chandos CHAN 8987 (1991): Sherrill Milnes (Guido), Seth McCoy (Marco), Blythe Walker (Monna Vanna), Nickolas Karousatos (Torello), Jon Thorsteinsson (Borso); Icelandic Opera Chorus; Iceland Symphony Orchestra, Igor Buketoff, conductor and arranger (sung in English)
* Ondine ODE12492: Moscow Conservatory Opera Soloists: Evgeniya Dushina, Vladimir Avtomonov, Dmitry Ivanchey, Edward Arutyunyan, Mikhail Golovushkin Moscow Conservatory Students Choir, Moscow Conservatory Students Symphony Orchestra, Vladimir Ashkenazy conductor, piano; orchestrated by Gennadi Belov. June 2014 (sung in Russian).
# Qaratogh

Qaratogh (Russian: Каратог; Tajik: Қаратоғ, Persian: قره‌تاق) is a village and jamoat in Tajikistan. It is part of the city of Tursunzoda in Districts of Republican Subordination. The jamoat has a total population of 37,948 (2015).
# Abu Dhabi International Tennis Centre

The International Tennis Centre, also known as Abu Dhabi International Tennis Complex, is a sports arena in Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.
The complex opened in 2004 as part of the Zayed Sports City. It has a seating capacity of 5,000 on Centre Court and 600 on Court 2. The sports city features three other major sporting and leisure facilities.

## Construction

The idea for a sporting complex in Abu Dhabi was brought up by Sheikh Zayed Bin Sultan Al Nahyan, the late former UAE president and Sheikh Khalifa Bin Zayed Al Nahyan, the incumbent president. Abu Dhabi Municipalities and Town Planning Department were given the task of building a Tennis Complex.

## Tournaments

The first tournament held at the venue was the Abu Dhabi Professional Tennis Tournament 2006 which was part of the ATP futures series in 2006. In 2009 a professional exhibition event, the Capitala World Tennis Championship, was held for the first time, with six of the world's top ten players in attendance. The venue also hosts the Abu Dhabi Open, a WTA 500 tournament.
# Zitembyak

Zitembyak (Russian: Зитембяк; Bashkir: Етембәк, Yetembäk) is a rural locality (a village) in Ismailovsky Selsoviet, Dyurtyulinsky District, Bashkortostan, Russia. The population was 195 as of 2010. There are 2 streets.

## Geography

Zitembyak is located 22 km northwest of Dyurtyuli (the district's administrative centre) by road. Chishma is the nearest rural locality.
# Kęsice

Kęsice is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Zawidz, within Sierpc County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately 7 kilometres (4 mi) west of Zawidz, 12 km (7 mi) south-east of Sierpc, and 106 km (66 mi) north-west of Warsaw.
# MegaNet

The Megalopolis Radio Network (Japanese: メガロポリス・ネットワーク, romanized: Megaroporisu Nettowāku), a.k.a. MegaNet (Japanese: メガネット, romanized: meganetto), is Japan's only network of multi-lingual commercial radio stations. The network was established in December 1999. Currently all such stations are members of the network. The flagship station is InterFM in Tokyo.
They all broadcast in FM. It is the latest network, third national FM network and the fifth in radio in general in Japan.

## Operation

As a network of foreign-language focused FM radio stations which serve four major metropolitan areas, MegaNet reaches about 65% of Japan's population. However, unlike the rival network JFL, MegaNet doesn't have an affiliate in Hokkaido. MegaNet lost an affiliate in Aichi Prefecture when Radio-i closed in 2010, reducing its affiliates to three; MegaNet returned to Aichi in April 2014 as InterFM Nagoya and change name as Radio Neo in October 2015; Radio Neo ceased operation in June 2020.
Initially, it was planned that affiliate stations in the network would only share information and produce and broadcast shows independently. However, recently the network has begun to broadcast flagship station InterFM's programming across the entire network.
During the 2002 FIFA World Cup (which Japan co-hosted with South Korea), the network capitalized on the fact that it was targeted towards foreigners by being the only FM network offering live coverage of Japan's games, as well as broadcasting news in English to foreign tourists in the country for the games. (MegaNet is a member of the Japan Consortium). They also broadcast games from the 2006 FIFA World Cup in Germany in conjunction with other radio stations, however FM COCOLO did not participate.

## List of affiliates

| Broadcasting area(s) | Broadcasting area(s) | Station | Station | Frequency | Start date of broadcast | Ownership | Note(s) |
| Prefecture(s) | Region | On air branding | Call sign | Frequency | Start date of broadcast | Ownership | Note(s) |
| Greater Tokyo Area | Kantō | InterFM | JODW-FM | 89.7 MHz | 1 April 1996 | InterFM Inc. (The Japan FM Network Company) | Flagship station; special affiliate of JFN since 1 September 2020 |
| Kyoto, Osaka, Hyogo and Nara | Kansai | FM Cocolo | JOAW-FM | 76.5 MHz | 16 October 1995 | 802 MediaWorks Co., Ltd. | |
| Fukuoka and Saga | Kyūshū | Love FM | JOFW-FM | 76.1 MHz | 1 April 1997 | Love FM International Broadcasting Co., Ltd. | |

### Former affiliate stations

| Broadcasting area(s) | Broadcasting area(s) | Station | Station | Frequency | Years of affiliation | Ownership | Note(s) |
| Prefecture | Region | On air branding | Call sign | Frequency | Years of affiliation | Ownership | Note(s) |
| Aichi Prefecture and Hamamatsu City | Chūbu | Radio-i | JOGW-FM | 79.5 MHz | 2000–2010 | Kowa Co. Ltd. | |
| Aichi Prefecture | Chūbu | Radio Neo | JOCW-FM | 79.5 MHz | 2014–2020 | InterFM Inc. (Kinoshita Management Inc.) | |
# Dium (Coele-Syria)

Dium or Dion (Ancient Greek: Δῖον) or Dia (Δία) was a city in ancient Coele-Syria mentioned by numerous ancient writers. According to Stephanus of Byzantium, the city was a foundation of Alexander the Great, and named after the city Dium in Macedon. It was also wrongly called Pella by some ancient writers.

## Location

Dium is mostly identified with Tell el-Ash'ari from the Daraa Governorate in southwestern Syria (see fr:Tell al-Achari at French Wikipedia). Some associate Dium with Aidoun south of Irbid. Some other have identified it falsely the later Capitolias, now Beit Ras in Jordan.
The location of Dium is therefore not proven with certainty. According to Ptolemy, the city was positioned between Pella and Gadara which are both in Jordan, and quite close to it; but its latitude was quite uncertain. Josephus in his retelling of Pompey's march through the area, says he came from Damascus via Dium to Pella, thus putting Dium to the north of Pella. The Ruins of Tell Ashari fulfill the concept of a small greek City positioned at a Mount and around it. A Theatre high above the yarmouk river ravine is unfortunately due to the civil war in a really bad condition. At this time now, all facts speek for Tell Ashari as Dion of the Decapolis.
As a small Remark is to notice that beside of the probably military fortress city of Raphana all other Decapolis Cities (also some others before unmentioned but positioned within the Decapolis region) were after the second century A.D. also episcopal Sees. But Dium (not to confuse with Dionysias/ As Suweida), which was normally inside the protected territories of these days, was not an episcopal see.

## Historical sources

Stephanus notes that the city's water was unhealthy. Little is known about the history of the city. Like most of the Hellenistic cities in that region, it was subjugated to the Jews under Alexander Jannaeus, who conquered the town, which was then conquered by Pompey and its freedom restored in 62 BCE. The coins of Dium are from the Pompeian era. Pliny the Elder and Ptolemy count the city as among the Decapolis.
# Kastania, Pieria

Kastania (Greek: Καστανιά) is a village in Pieria, Greece. Since the 2011 local government reform it is part of the municipality Pydna-Kolindros, of which it is a municipal community. The 2021 census recorded 251 residents in the village.
# Edonis (region)

Edonis or Edonida (Ancient Greek: Ἠδωνίς, Ἠδωνίδα), also transliterated as Edonia, was an ancient region of Thrace which later became a district of Macedon. Its name is derived from the ancient Thracian inhabitants of the region, the Edonians. Later, the Greeks settled in the region, drove out the Edonians and built several colonies, including Amphipolis and Eion. It was bordered by Odomantice in the north, Bisaltia in the west, and the Aegean Sea in the south, and was separated from Thrace proper by the river Nestos in the east.

## Geography and history

Edonis stretched from the lake Cercinitis (today Achinos) and the mouth of the Strymon river in the west, to Nestos river in the east (natural border between the regions of Macedonia and Thrace).
The region was predominantly settled by the tribe of Edoni. Later, the Greeks settled in the region, drove out the Edonians and built several colonies, including Amphipolis and Eion. Within its limits was Pangaion, whose mines were being exploited by Philip II after his conquest and the annexation of the region to the kingdom of Macedon. After the Roman conquest, Via Egnatia was passing through Edonis and with the establishment of Philippi as a Roman colony (42 BC) most of Edonis became part of its territory (territorium).

## Pieris

Thucydides testified that at the foot of Pangaion settled Pierians, who had been expelled from their homeland, Pieria, when the Macedonians conquered it. There they built the namesake town Edonian Methoni in contrast to Pierian Methoni and they named the nearby land "Pieris".

## Towns

Edonis and especially mount Pangaio was one of the oldest worship places of the gods Apollo, Dionysus and Orpheus. The most important towns of Edonis, apart from Methoni, were also: