OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Trostianets, Saranchuky rural hromada, Ternopil Raion, Ternopil Oblast

Trostianets (Ukrainian: Тростянець, romanized: Trostyanets, Russian: Тростянец, romanized: Trostyanets, Polish: Troscianiec, Troscaniec, Yiddish: טראָסטיניץ, romanized: Trostinits) is a village of 428 people in Ternopil Raion (county) of Ternopil Oblast of western Ukraine. It belongs to Saranchuky rural hromada, one of the hromadas of Ukraine. Trostianets lies in the very heart of the historic region of Halychyna (Eastern Galicia). The current population is decreasing as a result of the remoteness of the village, and many houses are left empty. The village is located in a very remote forest area about 20 km south-west of Berezhany, among thick and large forests which provided the name for the village - Trostyanets (from "Troshchi," thick woods). The landscape is very picturesque, with a little brook in the village valley, surrounded by pasture hills on both sides. One hill's name is "Sus' hill" from the Tartar word "sus," swine. There was a fire post on that mountain which gave signs when the Tartars came to invade. There is a lake at the southern end of the village. The closest villages are Siltse (locally referred to as Siulko) and Bozhykiv (formerly Kvitkove).
The village witnessed heavy front-line fighting during the First World War, and there is a desolate Russian military cemetery with Orthodox crosses deep in the forest, as well as numerous Austrian military cemeteries in the neighborhood. Two million troops were concentrated in the region in times of the First World War with casualties measured in many thousands.
Until 18 July 2020, Trostianets belonged to Berezhany Raion. The raion was abolished in July 2020 as part of the administrative reform of Ukraine, which reduced the number of raions in Ternopil Oblast to three. The area of Berezhany Raion was merged into Ternopil Raion.
The distance to the closest railway station in Potutory is 11 km.

## Population

* Population in 1900: 1179 inhabitants (19 Jews)
* Population in 1939: 1370 inhabitants (5 Jews)
* Population in 2007: 428 inhabitants, including 272 houses

## Nearby localities

* Saranchuky
* Berezhany
* Bozhykiv
* Shybalyn
* Kotiv
* Potutory
# Leszczyna, Masovian Voivodeship

Leszczyna is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Strzegowo, within Mława County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland.
# Kargaly, Republic of Bashkortostan

Kargaly (Russian: Каргалы; Bashkir: Ҡарғалы, Qarğalı) is a rural locality (a selo) in Chekmagushevsky District, Bashkortostan, Russia. The population was 161 as of 2010. There are 4 streets.

## Geography

Kargaly is located 20 km northeast of Chekmagush (the district's administrative centre) by road. Karazirikovo is the nearest rural locality.
# Habronema

Habronema is a genus of nematodes in the order Spirurida.
Species include:
* Habronema clarki – rodent parasite
* Habronema incertum – bird parasite
* Habronema microstoma – parasite of the stomach of horses, can be transmitted by the stable fly
* Habronema muscae – parasite of the stomach of horses
# Torthyneum

Torthyneum or Torthyneon (Ancient Greek: Τορθύνεον), or Torthyneium or Torthyneion (Τορθύνειον), was a town of ancient Arcadia. It is contained in ancient epigraphic mentions: the appointment of a theorodokos of Torthyneum is mentioned in an inscription at Delphi, dated to the end of the 5th century or the beginning of the 4th century BCE; an inscription at Orchomenus that could be dated around the years 369-361 BCE; and in an inscription of Aetolia of around the years 262-236 BCE which names a resident of Tortineo as proxenos.
Its site is located with ruins found north of Kamenitsa, northeast of Lasta.
# Gorki, Medvensky District, Kursk Oblast

Gorki (Russian: Горки) is a rural locality (a khutor) in Vyshnereutchansky Selsoviet Rural Settlement, Medvensky District, Kursk Oblast, Russia. Population: 8 (2010 Census); 49 (2002 Census);

## Geography

The khutor is located in the Reutets River basin (a left tributary of the Reut River in the Seym basin), 54 km (34 mi) from the Russia–Ukraine border, 43 km (27 mi) south-west of Kursk, 10.5 km (6.5 mi) south-west of the district center – the urban-type settlement Medvenka, at the еаstern border of the selsoviet center – Verkhny Reutets.

### Climate

Gorki has a warm-summer humid continental climate (Dfb in the Köppen climate classification).

## Transport

Gorki is located 9 km (5.6 mi) from the federal route M-2 Crimea Highway (a part of the European route E105), 3.5 km (2.2 mi) from the road of intermunicipal significance 38H-185 (M2 "Crimea Highway" – Gakhovo), 1.5 km (0.93 mi) from the road 38H-188 (38N-185 – Verkhny Reutets – Reutchansky), 35 km (22 mi) from the nearest railway halt and passing loop 454 km (railway line Lgov I — Kursk).
The rural locality is situated 50 km (31 mi) from Kursk Vostochny Airport, 85 km (53 mi) from Belgorod International Airport and 228 km (142 mi) from Voronezh Peter the Great Airport.
# Bodovlje

Bodovlje (pronounced; German: Wodovlje or Wodoule) is a village in the Municipality of Škofja Loka in the Upper Carniola region of Slovenia.

## Geography

Bodovlje is a clustered village that lies on the right bank of the Poljane Sora River, along both sides of Bodovlje Creek (Slovene: Bodoljska grapa), which is mostly fed by small right tributaries from the neighboring hills. Most of the settlement is on the floodplain along the river, but some houses also stand in the narrow valley along the creek. The creek valley is bounded by Dešna Hill (elevation 505 meters or 1,657 feet) and Žerovec Hill (Žerovcov hrib, elevation 543 meters or 1,781 feet) to the east and Saint Peter's Hill (Svetega Petra hrib, elevation 674 meters or 2,211 feet) to the southwest. There are fields and meadows in the flat area along the river, and the creek valley and hillsides are forested.

## Name

Bodovlje was attested in written records in 1291 and 1318 as Vondeul (and as Wodobli in 1500). The name is presumably derived from the plural demonym *Bǫdovľane, created from a place name such as *Bǫdovľe (selo) (literally, 'Bǫdъ's village'), based on the personal name *Bǫdь or *Bǫdъ. An alternate, but less likely, theory is that the name is derived from *ǫdolьje 'valleys' via prothesis and the phonological development v > b, known as betacizem in Slovene (i.e., *ǫd- > *vǫd- > *bǫd-). In the past, the settlement was known as Wodovlje or Wodoule in German.

## History
### Mass grave

Bodovlje is the site of a mass grave from the period immediately after the Second World War. The Bodovlje Mass Grave (Slovene: Grobišče Bodovlje) is located on a steep forest slope 200 m southeast of the village. It contains the remains of 22 to 24 Home Guard prisoners of war that were taken from the prison at Loka Castle on the night of 29 May 1945, murdered, and buried in a former Partisan bunker.

### Post–World War II

The Termika factory was established in Bodovlje in 1958. It produced mineral wool and employed about 220 people. The site of the plant was formerly a veneer factory.

## Church

The local church is dedicated to Saint Peter. It dates to the early 16th century, although the nave was vaulted in the Baroque style at a later date. The nave contains remains of frescos from the early 16th century. The sanctuary is also decorated with saints in the lower borders, apostles at window height, and evangelists and angels higher up, all by the painter Jernej of Loka dating to between 1525 and 1540. The church altars date to the 18th century.
# 1911 Iowa Hawkeyes football team

The 1911 Iowa Hawkeyes football team represented the University of Iowa in the 1911 college football season. Led by second-year head coach Jesse Hawley, the Hawkeyes compiled an overall record of 3–4 with a mark of 2–2 in conference play, tying for fourth place in the Western Conference. The team played home games at Iowa Field in Iowa City, Iowa.

## Schedule

| Date | Opponent | Site | Result | Attendance |
| October 14 | Morningside* | Iowa FieldIowa City, IA | W 11–5 | |
| October 21 | Cornell (IA)* | Iowa FieldIowa City, IA | L 0–3 | |
| October 28 | at Minnesota | Northrop FieldMinneapolis, MN (rivalry) | L 6–24 | 5,000 |
| November 4 | at Wisconsin | Randall FieldMadison, WI (rivalry) | L 0–12 | |
| November 11 | at Purdue | Stuart FieldWest Lafayette, IN | W 11–0 | |
| November 18 | Iowa State* | Iowa FieldIowa City, IA (rivalry) | L 0–9 | |
| November 25 | Northwestern | Iowa FieldIowa City, IA | W 6–0 | |
| *Non-conference game ||||||
# Leśniewo, Maków County

Leśniewo is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Karniewo, within Maków County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately 3 kilometres (2 mi) north-west of Karniewo, 11 km (7 mi) west of Maków Mazowiecki, and 71 km (44 mi) north of Warsaw.
# Padre Mier metro station

The Padre Mier Station (Spanish: Estación Padre Mier) is a station on Line 2 of the Monterrey Metro. It is located in the intersection of Padre Mier street and Juarez Avenue in the Monterrey centre. The station was opened on 30 November 1994 as part of the inaugural section of Line 2, between General Anaya and Zaragoza.
This station serves the heart of the Monterrey shopping district, it is one block away of Morelos street, and Monterrey's Zona Rosa. It is accessible for people with disabilities.
This station is named after Padre Mier street, and its logo represents a stylized headshot of Fray Servando Teresa de Mier (Padre Mier), an important cleric and politician who played a key part in Mexico's Independence.

## Maintenance improvements

On February 10, 2023, all exits but the eastern exit were closed for improvements to the deteriorating station.
On April 1, 2023, the station, alongside Alameda and Fundadores stations, were completely closed, with a bus service between Zaragoza and Cuauhtémoc stations.
On May 10, 2023, Padre Mier was reopened, receiving a new and modern look with dark wall colors and stylish light fixtures including the Metrorrey logo, Monterrey’s famous hill Cerro de la Silla, and a lion representing the state Monterrey is located in, Nuevo León.
# Piskaryovskoye Memorial Cemetery

Piskaryovskoye Memorial Cemetery (Russian: Пискарёвское мемориа́льное кла́дбище) is located in Saint Petersburg, on the Avenue of the Unvanquished (Проспект Непокорённых), dedicated mostly to the victims of the siege of Leningrad. On his first visit to Russia in 1993, US President Bill Clinton laid a wreath in commemoration of the victims' deaths and the US-Russian alliance in World War II.

## Memorial complex

The memorial complex, designed by Alexander Vasiliev and Yevgeniy Levinson, was opened on May 9, 1960. About 420,000 civilians and 50,000 soldiers of the Leningrad Front were buried in 186 mass graves. Near the entrance an eternal flame is located. A marble plate affirms that from September 4, 1941 to January 22, 1944 107,158 air bombs were dropped on the city, 148,478 shells were fired, 16,744 men died, 33,782 were wounded and 641,803 died of starvation.
The center of the architectural composition is the bronze monument symbolizing the Mother Motherland, by sculptors Vera Isaeva and Robert Taurit.
By granite steps leading down from the eternal flame visitors enter the main 480-meter path which leads to the majestic Motherland monument. The words of poet Olga Berggolts are carved on a granite wall located behind this monument:
   Here lie Leningraders
   Here are citydwellers – men, women, and children And next to them, Red Army soldiers. They defended you, Leningrad, The cradle of the Revolution With all their lives. We cannot list their noble names here, There are so many of them under the eternal protection of granite. But know this, those who regard these stones: No one is forgotten, nothing is forgotten.
   Enemies, clad in armour and in iron, were bursting into the city, But workers, schoolchildren, teachers and home guards stood up with the army And like one, they all said Death will sooner fear us, than we will fear death. The hungry, harsh, dark winter of forty-one And forty-two is not forgotten. Neither the shells' ferocity Nor the terror of bombardments in forty-three. The entire city's earth was covered.
   Not one of your lives, comrades, is forgot. Under the uninterrupted fire from heaven, earth and water, You did you everyday heroic deed With honour, and simply. And together with your Fatherland, You all prevailed in victory. So let the thankful people, The Motherland and hero city Leningrad Eternally lower their standards
   On this sad and solemn meadow.
# Graikochori

Graikochori (Greek: Γραικοχώρι) is a village and a community in the regional unit of Thesprotia in Epirus, Greece. It is within the Igoumenitsa municipality. In the 2021 census the community had a population of 2,393 inhabitants.
# Mexican Federal Highway 29

Federal Highway 29 (Spanish: Carretera Federal 29, Fed. 29) is a free part of the federal highway corridors (Spanish: los corredores carreteros federales) of Mexico. The highway connects Ciudad Acuña, Coahuila in the north near the Mexico – United States border to Morelos, Coahuila to the south. The total length of Fed. 29 is 104 km (65 mi). City streets in Ciudad Acuña connect the federal highways corridors (los corredores carreteros federales) to U.S. Route 277 in Del Rio, Texas.
# Kumai (village)

Kumai is a village in Kumai Bhadon Panchayat in Gaurabauram block of Darbhanga district in the Indian state of Bihar.
It is located 54 km east of the district headquarters Darbhanga, and146 km from the state capital Patna. Its PIN code is 847103, STD Code is 06242 and postal head office is Benipur.
Boundaries of the village are:
    N: Nari
    S: BANGARHATTA
    E: MAHUAR
    W: ROHAR

## Area and population

The village is spread over 600 acres of land. The total number of houimately eholds is approx 1,700, consisting of 6,232 voters and a population of approximately 15,000 divided into 12 wards. Most of the population are dependent on agriculture and produces mainly two crops Wheat and Padi. Literacy rate of the village is 54% approx but it has produced a number of higher qualifications including 3 MBBS, 2 Chartered Accountant, 15 Engineers and an ASM.

## Representatives

The MP of the area is Gopal Jee Thakur, MLA of the area is Swarna Singh, Zila Parishad of the area is Ajay Yadav, Panchayat Samiti of the area is shri Manoj Sharma.
The Mukhiya of Village panchayat is Mrs. Ratan Devi and Sarpanch of the village is Mrs. Aisa Mashkur.

## Schools

There are six schools and seven Anganwadi Kendra in the Gram Panchayat. K. G. Public School (Islam Nagar, Kumai-Nari), Rajkiya Utkramit Madhya Vidyalay (Kumai) (Hindi), Rajkiya Prathmik vidyalay Maktab (Kumai) (Urdu), Rajkiya Prathmik Vidyalay (Vinovanagar, Bhadaun), Rajkiya Madhya Vidyalay (Bhadaun), Navsrijit Vidyalay (Islamnagar, Kumai).

## Pond

There are around 10 pond in the Gram Panchayat namely Anhri, Makhnahi, Singrahi, Chamrahi, Navki, Mathahi in Kumai and Bhaujahi, Khawn Phokhar, Panpiwi, Nansukh in Bhadaun.

## Religious places

There are three mosques in the village and more than 10 temples in the Gram Panchayat. Bhagwati Sthan (Durga Sthan) is one of the famous temple campus in the village containing Hanuman Mandir, Salhesh Mandir, Kaaru Baba Mandir, where various religious functions are organised on regular intervals including annual celebration of Durga Puja (Navaratri).
Apart from above Bhramha Sthan, Langota Baba, Kaali Madir, Bhagwati Sthan, Shivalay are also the temples in the Panchayat. There are five temples of Lord Hanuman.

## Public utilities

There is one government hospital in the village. There is a bank (State Bank of India) also in the village near Panchayat Bhawan, branch name bearing Nari Bhadaun.
# F. Sherwood Taylor

Frank Sherwood Taylor (November 26 1897 – 5 January 1956) was a British historian of science, museum curator, and chemist who was Director of the Science Museum in London, England.
F. Sherwood Taylor was educated at Sherborne School in Dorset, southern England and Lincoln College, Oxford. He then undertook a PhD at University College, London in the new Department of History and Method of Science.
He spent a period as a schoolmaster and then as a lecturer in chemistry at Queen Mary College, London. He was a founder member of the Philosophy of Science Group. He was also the founder editor of the Ambix journal, started in 1937, and the journal of the Society for the History of Alchemy and Chemistry In 1940, he succeeded Robert Gunther as Curator of the Museum of the History of Science in Oxford. Towards the end of his life, he was Director of the Science Museum from 1950 until his death in 1956. During this time, he delivered the 1952 Royal Institution Christmas Lectures in London on How Science has Grown. He was President of the British Society for the History of Science from 1951 to 1953.

## The Young Chemist and Sydney Brenner

In an interview conducted by Errol Friedberg, Sydney Brenner said:
   I think like most children, I got interested in nature very early. And then by reading a little book called The Young Chemist by Sherwood Taylor, I got interested in actually doing chemical experiments. So I started my career as a garage chemist, buying chemicals from the local pharmacist and making things according to the prescriptions then, and going forward to more experiments, just on that basis. I then started — still while I was at school — extracting pigments from petals and just doing really cookbook chemistry, on that basis.

## Books

F. Sherwood Taylor wrote many books on the history of alchemy and chemistry in particular, and also of science in general:
* Inorganic and Theoretical Chemistry (1931); 5th edition (1939)
* Organic Chemistry (1933)
* A Short Organic Chemistry (1933)
* The Young Chemist (1934, new edition 1961). Practical Books, Thomas Nelson and Sons, Edinburgh.
* The World of Science (1936); 1064 pages
* Galileo and the Freedom of Thought (1938)
* General Science for Schools: Parts 1–3 (1939)
* The March of Mind: A Short History of Science (1939)
* A Short History of Science and Scientific Thought, with readings from the great scientists from the Babylonians to Einstein (1940)
* The Century of Science (1941)
* The Conquest of Bacteria, from Salvarsan to Sulphapyridine (1942)
* Science, Past and Present (1945)
* The Fourfold Vision: a study of the relations of science and religion (1946)
* Two Ways of Life - Christian and Materialist (1947)
* A Century of British Chemistry (Science in Britain) (1947)
* Man's Conquest of Nature (1948)
* Concerning Science (1949)
* The Alchemists, Founders of Modern Chemistry (1949)
* British Inventions (1950)
* Man and Matter - Essays Scientific & Christian (1951)
* The Alchemists (1952)
* Power Today and Tomorrow (1954)
* An Illustrated History of Science (1955)
* A History of Industrial Chemistry (Technology and Society) (1957)
* An Introduction To Alchemy
# Parque de la Memoria

The Parque de la Memoria (English: Remembrance Park) is a public space situated in front of the Río de la Plata estuary in the northern end of the Belgrano section of Buenos Aires. It is a memorial to the victims of the 1976–1983 military regime, known as the National Reorganization Process, during the Dirty War, a period of unprecedented state-sponsored violence in Argentina.

## Origin

The origin of Memory Park came from human rights organizations and the government of Buenos Aires approved the park's construction on July 21, 1998.

## Location

Memory park is located along the Río de la Plata, on Buenos Aires' North Costanera Avenue, near the Ciudad Universitaria. About 300 metres (980 ft) north of the park is a military airport that was utilized for the "flights of death" during which victims of the Military Junta government were thrown into the river and sea.

## Characteristics

The park covers about 14 hectares (35 acres). In October 2006 a ramped path was installed as well as commemorative sculptures, dedicated to the victims of the government sponsored violence. The ramped path is meant to form a giant "wound" in the lawn of the park leading toward the river, where the name of those killed or vanished are located. The park contains 18 sculptures, 12 of which were chosen through a competition, the other six were by artists with a commitment to human rights. Sculptures by Roberto Aizenberg, William G. Tucker, and Dennis Oppenheim were installed and dedicated at the park during October 2006. There is also a public meeting hall in the park used for purposes related to the arts, science and the memory of the victims of the reorganization.
The park contains untitled works by artists Aizenberg, Clorindo Testa, and Jenny Holzer. Some of the other works in the park include: Memoria espacial by Per Kirkeby, La casa de la historia by Marjetica Potrc, Figuras caminando by Magdalena Abakanowicz by Leo Vinci, and Por gracia recibida by Carlos Distéfano.
# Kulkanovo

Kulkanovo (Russian: Кулканово; Bashkir: Ҡолҡан, Qolqan) is a rural locality (a village) in Saitbabinsky Selsoviet, Gafuriysky District, Bashkortostan, Russia. The population was 166 as of 2010. There are two streets.

## Geography

Kulkanovo is located 32 km northeast of Krasnousolsky (the district's administrative centre) by road. Saitbaba is the nearest rural locality.
# Ivanovka, Dobryanka, Perm Krai

Ivanovka (Russian: Ивановка) is a rural locality (a village) in Dobryansky District, Perm Krai, Russia. The population was 38 as of 2010.
# Kilvalai

Kilvalai or Kizhvalai, is a hamlet in Kandachipuram (Tamil: கண்டாச்சிபுரம்) taluk in Villuppuram (Tamil: விழுப்புரம்) district in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu. The major occupation of the people living at this place is agriculture. In 2011 it had a population of 700.

## Location

Kilvalai is located 24 kilometres (15 mi) northwest of Villupuram, 38 kilometres (24 mi) southeast of Thiruvannaamalai. Another important rock art site of Tamil Nadu, Settavarai is located 18 km northwest of Kilvalai.

## Transportation

Mofussil buses departing from Villupuram bus stand to Thiruvannaamalai go via Kilvalai. From the bus stop, the rock art site is 1 km distant.

## About the village

Kilvalai village has 3000-year-old heritage. The historical importance of the village is the presence of 1000 B.C.E. rock paintings. The kilvalai rock paintings consists mainly of human images with bird headed.

## Rock paintings

Globally, the study of rock art and their interpretations gained momentum in the field of archaeology. Archeologists not only denoted the artistic skill of the people who had painted them, also their beliefs and their daily activities. The paintings on the rock shelters are mostly depicting the hunting scenes and human activities.

## Kilvalai rock paintings

The rock paintings in kilvalai, are found in three rocky areas and are painted in red ochre. Among them, two are very weak and difficult to resolve. Also, very few paintings are seen here. The third one which contains majority of the paintings is clear. This rock art site is called as "Ratha Kudaikkal"(Tamil: இரத்த குடைக்கல்) by the local villagers, which means Blood Carvings.

## Human images

The first picture depicts three human beings postured side by side; one man seated on a horse, another holding its bridle and the third man standing with outstretched hands in a way of welcoming them. These men's faces resemble the beak of a bird. The second picture consists of four human beings standing on a boat. The third human image holding a long stick, probably sailing the boat.

## Graffiti

Paintings of some graffiti consisting of combined triangles, addition, multiplication markings, drawn inside the circles, stacked lines are seen. These images are similar to the graffiti found in Indus Valley civilization. A Sun image with 17 rays is also seen here. The first symbol indicates, rainfall with thunder; second one, going as a group along with the head of the group; third one, going towards the north direction; fourth one, the production of musical sound; and the fifth one, festival time.
# Flaujac-Poujols

Flaujac-Poujols (French pronunciation:; Occitan: Flaujac e Pojòls) is a commune in the Lot department in south-western France.