OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Emergency Warning System

Emergency Warning System (Japanese: 特別警報) is a warning system the Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA) launched on 30 August 2013. Emergency Warnings are issued to alert people to the significant likelihood of catastrophes in association with natural phenomena of extraordinary magnitude. Residents should take all measures possible to protect themselves in the event that an Emergency Warning is issued.

## Overview

JMA issues various warnings to alert people to possible catastrophes caused by extraordinary natural phenomena such as heavy rain, earthquakes, tsunami and storm surges. In addition to such warnings, advisories and other bulletins, JMA started issuing Emergency Warnings to alert people to the significant likelihood of catastrophes if phenomena are expected to be of a scale that will far exceed the warning criteria.
Emergency Warnings are intended for extraordinary phenomena such as the major tsunami caused by the 2011 Great East Japan Earthquake by which 18,000 people were killed or left missing, the 1959 storm surge in Ise Bay caused by Typhoon Vera, by which more than 5,000 people were killed or left missing, and the 2011 heavy rain caused by Typhoon Talas, by which around 100 people were killed or left missing.
The issuance of an Emergency Warning for an area indicates a level of exceptional risk of a magnitude observed only once every few decades. Residents should pay attention to their surroundings and relevant information such as municipal evacuation advisories and evacuations, and should take all steps necessary to protect life.

## Relationship between Emergency Warnings and Warnings/Advisories

Emergency Warnings are issued if a phenomenon is expected to be of a scale that will far exceed the relevant warning criteria, such as the 2011 Great East Japan Earthquake and Typhoon Vera in 1959.
Emergency Warnings are intended for extraordinary phenomena expected to be of a scale that will far exceed the warning criteria. Warnings and Advisories continue to be issued in their current form even after the introduction of Emergency Warnings.
Residents should not let down their guard even if no Emergency Warning is currently in effect in the area. It is important to take action early wherever possible with reference to relevant weather bulletins, Advisories and Warnings, which are updated in response to the latest phenomenon observations or predictions.
The criteria for Emergency Warning issuance were determined in response to the views of local governments in charge of disaster management for their own areas. In regard to earthquakes, tsunami and volcanic eruptions, JMA maintains the system of warning nomenclature used until 29 August, 2013 but issues messages in the new classification of Emergency Warnings for high-risk conditions. These include Major Tsunami Warnings, Volcanic Warnings (Level 4 or more) and Earthquake Early Warnings (incorporating prediction of tremors measuring 6-lower or more on JMA's seismic intensity scale).
# Trajan (board game)

Trajan is a board game designed by Stefan Feld and first introduced in 2011 by German publisher Ammonit Spieleverlag. The game takes place in ancient Rome where players try to seize opportunities in business and politics to advance their personal status. It features a mancala-style mechanism that each player uses to select an action during their turn.

## Gameplay Overview

The game is set in 110AD with players trying to score victory points in a series of six different "tactical facilities" determined by the mancala-style mechanism. Each section of the mancala determines an action the player may take in its respective area. An additional 'Trajan' tile sits aside every section of the mancala that may be claimed should its conditions be met, gaining the player victory points and a special ability.
# Srby (Plzeň-South District)

Srby (German: Sirb) is a municipality and village in Plzeň-South District in the Plzeň Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 200 inhabitants.
Srby lies approximately 30 kilometres (19 mi) south-east of Plzeň and 87 km (54 mi) south-west of Prague.
# Margueron

Margueron (French pronunciation:; Occitan: Margairon) is a commune in the Gironde department in Nouvelle-Aquitaine in southwestern France.
# All Saints Church, Conington

All Saints' Church is a redundant Church of England parish church in the village of Conington in the Huntingdonshire district of Cambridgeshire, England. It is recorded in the National Heritage List for England as a designated Grade I listed building, and is under the care of the Churches Conservation Trust. The church stands to the east of the village, between the A1 road and the East Coast Main Line.

## History

A church was mentioned in the Domesday Book of 1086. It was rebuilt in about 1500. The embattled parapets were restored in 1638 by Sir Thomas Cotton. In 1841 the church was restored and the pews were replaced. A new east window was added in 1852. The tower was strengthened in 1862, and further repairs were undertaken between 1897 and 1899.

## Architecture
### Exterior

All Saints' is constructed in limestone rubble and fieldstone, with limestone dressings. Its plan consists of a four-bay nave with a clerestory, north and south aisles with chapels at their east ends, a chancel, north and south porches, and a west tower. At the east end of the south aisle is a chapel. The tower is in four stages on a plinth decorated with quatrefoil ornament. At the corners are half-octagonal turrets rising to crocketted pinnacles. The parapet is battlemented with a quatrefoil frieze and gargoyles at the centre of each side. In the bottom stage is a west arched doorway, above which is five-light window. The bell openings in the top stage have four lights. The clerestory has three three-light windows and one five-light window on each side. Along the side of the south aisle are three four-light windows. The south chapel has a four-light south window, and a five-light east window. Between the aisle and the chapel is a rood turret with a polygonal roof and a foliated finial. The south porch is shallow and gabled with a tiled roof. The chancel has three-light windows in the north and south walls and a restored east window.

### Interior

Inside the church are four-bay arcades, the westernmost bays being wider than the others. In the south wall of the chancel is a three-seat sedilia and a piscina. The limestone octagonal font dates from the 15th century, and stands on a 19th-century base. In the church are monuments to the Cotton and Heathcote families. Most of the furnishings date from 1841. The organ was built by Miller and Son of Cambridge. There is a ring of six bells, all cast by Thomas Mears II of the Whitechapel Bell Foundry, five of them in 1827, and the sixth in 1834. The clock is dated 1801 and is by Vulliamy of London.
# Raghunath Patnaik

Raghunath Patnaik was an Indian politician and a veteran leader of the Indian National Congress.
Patnaik was born in a village near Jeypore in the district of Koraput in Odisha. Known as a 'Gentleman Politician' in Odisha, he has been associated in active politics since a very early age and has been working as an active worker of the congress party since then.
In his political career that spanned across nearly six decades, he has won several elections and has been elected as a member of the municipality, chairman of the Jeypore municipality and MLA from Jeypore. He has represented the Jeypore constituency six times in the Odisha legislative assembly and besides being the Leader of Opposition in the assembly has worked as a Cabinet Minister for Finance, Law, Panchaytiraj departments of Government of Odisha several times. He was also Chairman, Law Revision Committee.
He was elected as the member of urban local body of Jeypore for the first time at the age of 21 and was elected as the chairman of Jeypore municipality at the age of 25. During his chairmanship in municipality the electric street lights were introduced in Jeypore replacing the manual oil lamp posts. Establishment of Govt. Women's College and construction of Upper Kolab dam are few among his contributions in the development of the region.
Patnaik died on 12 May 2016, following a brief illness. He was 89.
# Abu Bakr ibn Faris

Abu Bakr ibn Faris, Abu Yahya (Arabic: أبو بكر الثاني المريني), was Marinid Sultan of Morocco from 1358 to 1359.

## Life

Abu Bakr ibn Faris assumed the throne in 1358 succeeding Muhammad II ibn Faris. He was in turn succeeded by Ibrahim ibn Ali in 1359.
# Toronean Gulf

The Toronean Gulf or Toroneos Gulf (Greek: Τορωναίος κόλπος, romanized: Toronaios Kolpos) and Toronaic Gulf (Ancient Greek: Τορωναϊκὸς κόλπος), also known as the Kassandra Gulf (Greek: Κόλπος Κασσάνδρας, romanized: Kolpos Kassandras), is a gulf of the Thracian Sea, part of the northern Aegean Sea, in Chalkidiki, Greece. It lies between the Kassandra peninsula in the west, and Sithonia in the east.

## History

According to Herodotus, the gulf was historically known for its fish. The harbour of Torone, the only city on the gulf, was known as the "deaf" harbour due to the gulf's quietness and calmness.
The ancient city of Olynthus was said to be at the head of the Toronean Gulf.
# John Nelson (convert)

John Nelson was one of the earliest known Englishmen to convert to Islam. This information comes from the book The Voyage made to Tripoli (1583) by Thomas Saunders.
# Canoeing at the 2011 Pan American Games – Men's K-1 1000 metres

The men's K-1 1000 metres canoeing event at the 2011 Pan American Games was held on October 28 at the Canoe & Rowing Course in Ciudad Guzman.

## Schedule

All times are local Central Daylight Time (UTC−5)
| Date | Time | Round |
| October 28, 2011 | 9:30 | Final |

## Results
### Final

| Rank | Rowers | Country | Time |
| | Jorge García | Cuba | 3:41.257 |
| | Daniel Dal Bo | Argentina | 3:43.038 |
| | Philippe Duchesneau | Canada | 3:44.504 |
| 4 | Michel Ferreira | Brazil | 3:44.640 |
| 5 | Leocadio Pinto | Colombia | 3:46.667 |
| 6 | William House | United States | 3:48.065 |
| 7 | Jesús Váldez | Mexico | 3:48.449 |
| 8 | Ray Acuña | Venezuela | 3:55.810 |
| 9 | Edgar Padro | Puerto Rico | 4:33.289 |
# Belarusian Helsinki Committee

The Belarusian Helsinki Committee (BHC; Belarusian: РПГА «Беларускі Хельсінкскі Камітэт» (БХК)) is a non-governmental human rights organization established in 1995 and in 2007 was the sole remaining independent human rights group in Belarus, apart from Viasna Human Rights Centre. Its goal is protection of human rights in Belarus in accordance with the Helsinki Accords.
The government fined the organization $73,000 for allegedly unpaid taxes on money received via European Union Tacis Programme grants (2003, overruled by the Supreme Court in 2004) and brought criminal proceedings against officials of the organization, including its chairman Taciana Proćka.
In 2021 BHC became one of the victims of Alexander Lukashenko's nationwide repressions against independent media and human rights organizations in the wake of the Belarusian protests. Its office was raided several times, then sealed by the police. The Justice Ministry requested documents, that were kept in the inaccessible office, and issued a warrant on the same day as the request. Two warrants in a year allow the Ministry to initiate liquidation process.
On 1 October 2021, the Belarusian Helsinki Committee was forcibly liquidated by the Supreme Court. The court used materials of some unspecified criminal case (probably with no verdict passed so far) to dissolute the BHC. BHC was the penultimate registered human rights group in Belarus (the last one is Pravovaya iniciativa — The Legal Initiative, which is under of liquidation too).
In July 2022, the Belarusian Helsinki Committee received consultative status with the UN ECOSOC, becoming the first Belarusian NGO with such status.
# Kerststol

Kerststol (Dutch: ) is a traditional Dutch oval-shaped fruited Christmas bread. The yeast-based bread contains dried fruits, raisins and currants, lemon and orange zest, water, milk, butter, sugar, vanilla and cinnamon. A more luxurious variety may include chopped walnuts, almonds, or hazelnuts. Ginger powder or grated crystallized ginger, dried cherries and cranberries, apple, kiwi or cardamom may also be added to this pastry dough.
The dough, after resting, is filled with an almond paste (amandelspijs) log which is placed in the middle of the cake. The dough is folded over the almond paste lengthways and gently pinched to seal it. When ready, the cake is dusted with icing sugar before being served in thick slices, spread with butter.

## Paasstol

There is a cake of this type also for Easter. Then it is called paasstol or paasbrood.
# Capo Circeo Lighthouse

Capo Circeo Lighthouse (Italian: Faro di Capo Circeo) is an active lighthouse in Lazio, Italy, located on Capo Circeo, about 3 kilometres west of San Felice Circeo.

## History

The lighthouse has been active since 1866, and was built under the pontificate of Pope Pius IX. The lighthouse is composed of a keeper's house with an adjacent tower 18 metres high.
The lighthouse has a rotating view that emits flashes of white light every 5 seconds. The height of the focal plane above sea level is about 38 metres. The lighthouse has a rated capacity of 23 nautical miles (43 km). It is part of the Command Area Lighthouses of the Navy based in Naples, which deals with all the lights of the southern Tyrrhenian Sea.
# HMS Otter (1896)

HMS Otter was a Vickers three-funnel, 30-knot destroyer ordered by the Royal Navy under the 1895–1896 Naval Estimates. She was the fourth ship to carry this name since it was introduced in 1782 for a fire ship, sold in 1801.

## Construction and career

She was laid down on 9 June 1896, at the Barrow Shipbuilding Company shipyard at Barrow-in-Furness, and launched on 23 November 1896. During her builder's trials she made her contracted speed requirement. In 1897 during the construction of these ships, the Barrow Shipbuilding Company was purchases by Vickers, Sons and Maxim and renamed as the Naval Construction and Armaments Shipyard. She was completed and accepted by the Royal Navy in March 1900. Otter was commissioned at Devonport on 27 March 1900 for the China Station, serving as tender to HMS Goliath on her way out.> Her temporary officer in command for the voyage was Lieutenant Henry Douglas Wilkin. She arrived at the station after the Boxer Rebellion operations were completed, and was based at Hong Kong.
Her boilers were re-tubed and her hull and machinery refitted in 1902.
On 30 August 1912 the Admiralty directed all destroyer classes were to be designated by alpha characters starting with the letter 'A'. Since her design speed was 30 knots (56 km/h; 35 mph) and she had three funnels, she was assigned to the C class. After 30 September 1913, she was known as a C-class destroyer and had the letter 'C' painted on the hull below the bridge area and on either the fore or aft funnel.

### World War I

In August 1914 she was slated for disposal but the outbreak of the First World War granted her a reprieve.
On 5 January 1915, General Officer Commanding (GOC) Hong Kong came on board HMS Triumph to witness two night attacks made by HMS Whiting and HMS Otter; these were primarily designed for training of the searchlight crews of HMS Triumph.
In 1916 she was paid off and laid-up in awaiting disposal. She was finally sold on 25 October 1916 for breaking in Hong Kong.

## Pennant numbers

It is unknown if she was assigned a pennant number as no record has been found.
# Romanchuk

Romanchuk is a surname common to Belarus and Ukraine. Other forms of the surname are Ramanchuk or Ramančuk (Belarusian: Раманчук), Romańczuk, Romančuk, Romanchik, and Romantschuk.

## People
### Romanchuk

* Alexander Romanchuk (born 1959), Russian colonel general
* Daniel Romanchuk (born 1998), American Paralympian athlete
* Ivan Romanchuk (born 1990), Ukrainian footballer
* Jaroslav Romanchuk (born 1966), Belarusian economist and politician
* Mark Romanchuk (born 1962), American politician and businessman
* Maryna Bekh-Romanchuk (born 1995), Ukrainian long jumper
* Mykhailo Romanchuk (born 1996), Ukrainian swimmer
* Oleksandr Romanchuk (footballer, born 1984) (born 1984), Ukrainian footballer
* Oleksandr Romanchuk (footballer, born 1999), Ukrainian footballer
* Roman Romanchuk (boxer) (1979–2016), Ukrainian-Russian boxer
* Roman Romanchuk (footballer) (born 1986), Ukrainian footballer
* Ruslan Romanchuk (born 1974), Ukrainian footballer
* Serhiy Romanchuk (born 1982), Ukrainian strongman and powerlifter
* Vitaly Romanchuk (born 1950), Soviet-Belarusian water polo player

### Romańczuk or Romanczuk

* Bartosz Romańczuk (born 1983), Polish footballer
* Mark Romanczuk (born 1983), American baseball player
* Szymon (Romańczuk) (1936–2017), Polish Orthodox archbishop
* Taras Romanczuk (born 1991), Ukrainian-born Polish footballer
# Presnakov Island

Presnakov Island (Bulgarian: Преснаков остров, romanized: Presnakov ostrov, IPA:) is the 390 m long in southeast-northwest direction and 100 m wide rocky island lying off the west coast of Low Island in the South Shetland Islands, Antarctica.
The island is “named after Captain Ivan Presnakov (1932–2003), commander of the ocean fishing trawler Aurelia of the Bulgarian company Ocean Fisheries – Burgas during its fishing trip to Antarctic waters off South Georgia and the South Orkney Islands from September 1977 to April 1978. The Bulgarian fishermen, along with those of the Soviet Union, Poland and East Germany are the pioneers of modern Antarctic fishing industry.”

## Location

Presnakov Island is located at 63°17′46″S 62°16′21″W﻿ / ﻿63.29611°S 62.27250°W﻿ / -63.29611; -62.27250, which is 330 m west-southeast of Jameson Point and 1.55 km northwest of Ugorelets Point. British mapping in 2009.

## Maps

* South Shetland Islands: Smith and Low Islands. Scale 1:150000 topographic map No. 13677. British Antarctic Survey, 2009.
* Antarctic Digital Database (ADD). Scale 1:250000 topographic map of Antarctica. Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research (SCAR). Since 1993, regularly upgraded and updated.
# Slatnik

Slatnik (pronounced; German: Slatenegg) is a village in the Municipality of Ribnica in southern Slovenia. It lies just north of the town of Ribnica. The area is part of the traditional region of Lower Carniola and is now included in the Southeast Slovenia Statistical Region.
A small chapel-shrine in the settlement is dedicated to the Virgin Mary and dates to the early 20th century.
# Canoeing at the 2011 Pan American Games – Men's K-4 1000 metres

The men's K-4 1000 metres canoeing event at the 2011 Pan American Games was held on October 27 at the Canoe & Rowing Course in Ciudad Guzman.

## Schedule

All times are local Central Daylight Time (UTC−5)
| Date | Time | Round |
| October 27, 2011 | 10:00 | Final |

## Results
### Final

| Rank | Rowers | Country | Time |
| | Osvaldo Labrada, Jorge García, Reinier Torres, Maikel Zulueta | Cuba | 3:01.061 |
| | Richard Dessureault-Dober, Philippe Duchesneau, Steven Jorens, Connor Taras | Canada | 3:02.653 |
| | Celso De Oliveira Junior, Roberto Maehler, Gilvan Ribeiro, Givago Ribeiro | Brazil | 3:02.821 |
| 4 | Jesus Valdez, Manuel Cortina, Osbaldo Fuentes, Agustin Medinilla | Mexico | 3:03.438 |
| 5 | Roberto Geringer Sallette, Juan Pablo Bergero, Daniel Dal Bo, Pablo de Torres | Argentina | 3:04.471 |
| 6 | Ray Acuña, Jesus Colmenares, José Ramos, Jhonson Vergara | Venezuela | 3:05.996 |
| 7 | Patrick Dolan, Jacob Michael, William House, Luke Michael | United States | 3:09.127 |
| 8 | Victor Baron, Yojan Cano, Leocadio Pinto, Jimmy Urrego | Colombia | 3:12.911 |
# Louis VI, Landgrave of Hesse-Darmstadt

Louis VI of Hesse-Darmstadt (German: Ludwig) (25 January 1630 – 24 April 1678) was Landgrave of Hesse-Darmstadt from 1661 to 1678.
He was the eldest of three sons of the Landgrave George II of Hesse-Darmstadt and Sophia Eleonore of Saxony.

## Marriage and children

Louis VI was married twice.
1. On 24 November 1650 he married his first cousin Maria Elisabeth of Schleswig-Holstein-Gottorp (1634–1665), daughter of his maternal uncle Frederick III, Duke of Holstein-Gottorp. They had eight children:
* Magdalene Sybille (28 April 1652–11 August 1712) a renowned composer of baroque churchsongs; she married Duke William Louis of Württemberg.
* Sophie Eleonore (19 January, 1653 - 21 August 1653). Died young
* George (3 July, 1654 –1 August, 1655). Died young
* Marie Elisabeth (1656–1715) married in 1676 Duke Henry of Saxe-Römhild.
* Auguste Magdalene (1657–1674).
* Louis (22 June 1658–31 August 1678), his successor (Louis VII).
* Frederick (1 October 1659 – 28 January 1676) Never married or had children.
* Sophie Marie (1661–1712) married in 1681 Duke Christian of Saxe-Eisenberg (1653–1707).
2. On 5 December 1666 he married Elisabeth Dorothea of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg (1640–1709), daughter of Ernest I, Duke of Saxe-Gotha. They also had eight children.
* Ernst Louis (1667–1739), successor of his half-brother Louis VII who ruled for only 4 months
* Georg (1669–1705), renowned Field Marshal, killed in Barcelona
* Sophie Louise (6 July, 1670 – 2 June, 1758), married Prince Albrecht Ernst II von Oettingen-Oettingen (1669–1731)
* Philip (1671–1736), Imperial Field Marshal and governor of Mantua, married in 1693 Princess Marie Therese of Croy (1673–1714); Princess Enrichetta d'Este was their daughter-in-law
* Johann (3 June, 1672 – 26 August, 1673) Died young
* Heinrich (26 September, 1674 – 31 January, 1741) Was a general, never married and had no issue
* Elisabeth Dorothea (24 April, 1676 – 9 September, 1721), married Frederick III Jakob of Hessen-Homburg (1673–1746)
* Friedrich (18 September 1677 – 13 October 1708), killed in battle. Had illegitimate issue
# Andrei Okounkov

Andrei Yuryevich Okounkov (Russian: Андре́й Ю́рьевич Окунько́в, Andrej Okun'kov, born July 26, 1969) is a Russian mathematician who works on representation theory and its applications to algebraic geometry, mathematical physics, probability theory and special functions. He is currently a professor at the Columbia University and the academic supervisor of HSE International Laboratory of Representation Theory and Mathematical Physics. In 2006, he received the Fields Medal "for his contributions to bridging probability, representation theory and algebraic geometry."

## Education and career

He graduated with a B.S. in mathematics, summa cum laude, from Moscow State University in 1993 and received his doctorate, also at Moscow State, in 1995 under Alexandre Kirillov and Grigori Olshanski. He is a professor at Columbia University. He previously was a professor at Princeton University, where he was awarded a Packard Fellowship (2001), the European Mathematical Society Prize (2004), and the Fields Medal (2006); an assistant and associate professor at Berkeley, where he was awarded a Sloan Research Fellowship; and an instructor at the University of Chicago. He was going to rejoin the faculty at Berkeley in the summer of 2022, but decided to stay at Columbia, teaching a graduate class in the fall of 2023.

## Work

He has worked on the representation theory of infinite symmetric groups, the statistics of plane partitions, and the quantum cohomology of the Hilbert scheme of points in the complex plane. Much of his work on Hilbert schemes was joint with Rahul Pandharipande.
Okounkov, along with Pandharipande, Nikita Nekrasov, and Davesh Maulik, has formulated well-known conjectures relating the Gromov–Witten invariants and Donaldson–Thomas invariants of threefolds.
In 2006, at the 25th International Congress of Mathematicians in Madrid, Spain, he received the Fields Medal "for his contributions to bridging probability, representation theory and algebraic geometry." In 2016, he became a fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences.
# Andrei Chubsa

Andrei Chubsa (Belarusian: Андрэй Чубса; born 29 November 1982) is a Belarusian high jumper.
He won the bronze medal at the 1999 World Youth Championships, finished sixth at the 2000 World Junior Championships and tenth at the 2001 IAAF World Indoor Championships, and won the gold medal at the 2001 European Junior Championships.
His personal best jump is 2.32 metres, achieved in July 2002 in Stockholm.