OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Zafu

A zafu (Japanese: 座蒲, pronounced) or putuan (Chinese: 蒲团, pronounced) is a round cushion. Although also a utilitarian accessory, it is best known for its use in zazen Zen meditation.

## Name

Although zafu is often translated as "sewn seat" in American English, the meaning of the Japanese kanji, 座蒲, is different. Za (座) means "seat", and fu (蒲) means reedmace (cattail, Typha spp.). A zafu is a seat stuffed with the fluffy, soft, downy fibres of the disintegrating reedmace seed heads. The Japanese zafu originates in China, where these meditation seats were originally filled with reedmace down.
The words zabuton, zafuton and futon are closely linked. The word zazen meaning "seated meditation" or "sitting meditation" is also closely linked. In western usage, zafu refers to a meditation cushion, and zabuton refers to the cushioned mat upon which a zafu is placed.

## Construction

Typical zafus are about 35 centimetres (14 in) in diameter, and often about 20 centimetres (8 in) high when fluffed. Contemporary zafus are sewn from three pieces of heavy cloth, usually colored black: two round swatches of equal size for the top and the bottom of the cushion, and a long rectangle that is sewn into gathers in between. They are typically filled with either kapok (a fluffy plant fibre, similar to Typha) or buckwheat hulls. Zen Buddhist practitioners traditionally sit on a zafu when engaged in sitting meditation. The cushion raises the hips, making the entire range of cross-legged sitting positions more stable for the meditator.

## Use in zazen

Before and after practicing zazen, Zen practitioners perform a gassho bow to the zafu, to fellow practitioners, and to the teacher. In many practice places, there is a prescribed form for respectfully handling zafu while walking in the meditation hall, or zendo.
A zabuton (Japanese: 座布団,) is a rectangular cushion, about 76 centimetres (30 in) by 71 centimetres (28 in), that is often used under a zafu cushion to provide comfort and support when engaged in zazen. The outer cover is typically made of a heavy duty fabric and has a zipper along one side so that it can be easily removed and washed. Inside the cover, the batting is enclosed in a natural cotton casing.
# Drosera subg. Lasiocephala

Drosera subg. Lasiocephala, sometimes collectively known as the petiolaris-complex, is a subgenus of 14 species in the genus Drosera. These species are distinguished by their subpeltate to peltate lamina.

## Taxonomy

The subgenus was first formally described by Jules Émile Planchon in 1848 as a section. Planchon included the species D. banksii in his arrangement, but it has been argued that D. banksii belongs in a clade with the more-closely allied D. subtilis. Ludwig Diels reclassified the genus in his 1906 monograph of the family and recognizing this taxon as a series under section Rossolis. In 1996, taxonomist Jan Schlauer argued for the recognition of this taxon at the rank of subgenus, noting that these closely related species share many affinities with subgenus Drosera but are different enough to warrant subgeneric status. All species in this subgenus are native to northern Australia except for D. petiolaris, which is more widely distributed to as far as New Guinea. The plants in this subgenus or petiolaris-complex mostly look like variations of the eponymous D. petiolaris.
| Scientific name | Distribution |
| Drosera banksii R.Br. ex DC. | northern Australia (Queensland, the Northern Territory, and Western Australia) and Southeast Asia (Papua New Guinea and Western New Guinea). |
| Drosera brevicornis Lowrie | Australia(Northern Territory and Western Australia. ) |
| Drosera broomensis Lowrie | Western Australia. |
| Drosera caduca Lowrie | Western Australia. |
| Drosera darwinensis Lowrie | Northern Territory |
| Drosera derbyensis Lowrie | Western Australia. |
| Drosera dilatatopetiolaris K.Kondo | Western Australia and the Northern Territory. |
| Drosera falconeri Tsang ex K.Kondo | Northern Territory |
| Drosera fulva Planch. | Northern Territory |
| Drosera kenneallyi Lowrie | Western Australia |
| Drosera lanata K.Kondo | Northern Territory and Queensland |
| Drosera ordensis Lowrie | Western Australia |
| Drosera paradoxa Lowrie | Northern Territory and Western Australia. |
| Drosera petiolaris | Western Australia, the Northern Territory, and Queensland, and New Guinea; |
# Macclesfield (disambiguation)

Macclesfield is a market town in Cheshire, England.
Macclesfield may also refer to:
* Macclesfield (UK Parliament constituency), a constituency represented in the British House of Commons
* Macclesfield (borough), a local government district and borough in Cheshire, England
* Macclesfield, South Australia, a town in the Adelaide Hills area of South Australia
* Macclesfield, Victoria, another town in Australia
* Macclesfield Bank or Zhongsha Islands is an elongated sunken atoll of underwater reefs and shoals in South China Sea and part of the disputed South China Sea Islands
* Macclesfield, North Carolina, a town in eastern North Carolina, U.S.A.
* William of Macclesfield, English cleric
* Macclesfield, a plantation in Isle of Wight County, Virginia that belonged to Josiah Parker
# Baronia

Baronia brevicornis, commonly known as the short-horned baronia, is a species of butterfly in the monotypic genus Baronia and is placed in a subfamily of its own, the Baroniinae, a sister group of the remainder of the swallowtail butterflies. It is endemic to a very small area of Mexico, where the distribution is patchy and restricted.
The genus is named after Oscar Theodor Baron who collected the first specimen in the Sierra Madre region of Mexico. The species was then described by Salvin.
Morphological characteristics include an abdominal scent organ in females.
Baronia is unique among swallowtail butterflies or their relatives in having an Acacia species, Vachellia campeachiana (synonym Acacia cochliacantha, family Leguminosae) as its larval food plant.

## Taxonomy

Baronia brevicornis is of particular importance due to its relict nature and uncertain relationship to other subfamilies such as the Parnassiinae. It is now considered to represent the monotypic subfamily Baroniinae. The butterfly was considered as the most primitive extant papilionid taxon and shares some features with the fossil genus Praepapilio, and a comprehensive 2018 molecular phylogeny suggests that they are the sister group of the remainder of the Papilionidae.

### Subspecies

* B. b. brevicornis
* B. b. rufodiscalis
# Oliver Lansley

Oliver Lansley (born 1981) is a British actor and writer. He is best known for writing the screenplay for the 2010 sitcom Whites.

## Filmography
### Film

| Year | Title | Role | Notes |
| 2002 | The Burdened Ass | John The Soldier | Short |
| 2004 | Strange Little Girls | Rob | Short |
| 2006 | A Fellow of Enterprise | Clive | Short |
| 2015 | Warpaint | Paul | Short |
| 2015 | Man Up | Man in Toilet #2 | |
| 2016 | Sarah Gong Is Going to Kill Herself | Receptionist | Short |
| 2017 | Pleased to Eat! | John | Short (Post-Production) |

### Television

| Year | Title | Role | Notes |
| 2001 | EastEnders | Craig | 1 Episode |
| 2003 | Holby City | Tim Marlowe | 1 Episode |
| 2006 | Doctors | Dean Gaynor | 1 Episode |
| 2006 | Comedy Lab | Neil | 1 Episode |
| 2009 | FM | Neil | 6 Episodes |
| 2010 | Whites | Robin | 4 Episodes |
| 2012 | Best Possible Taste: The Kenny Everett Story | Kenny Everett | Television movie |
| 2013 | The Wrong Mans | Summer | 3 Episodes |
| 2013 | Misfits | Stuart | 4 Episodes |
| 2014 | Sherlock | David | 1 Episode |
| 2014 | Endeavour | Benny Topling | 1 Episode |
| 2014 | Siblings | Gavin | 1 Episode |
| 2014 | Agatha Raisin | Dr. Brendon Monk | 1 Episode |
| 2015 | Critical | Wes Howe | 1 Episode |
| 2015 | Lewis | David Capstone | 1 Episode |
| 2016 | The Aliens | Sean | 1 Episode |
| 2017 | Doctor Who | Jorj | Episode: "World Enough and Time" |
| 2024 | Where's Wanda? | Series creator | Series creator |

### Video games

| Year | Title | Role | Notes |
| 2009 | Risen | Taylor/Krayban/Beppo | (Voice) |

## Staff credits

| Year | Title | Staff | Notes |
| 2006 | Comedy Lab | Writer | 1 Episode |
| 2009 | FM | Writer | 4 Episodes |
| 2010 | Whites | Writer and producer | 6 Episodes |
| 2011 | Beaver Falls | Writer | 1 Episode |
| 2011 | Little Crackers | Writer and director | 1 Episode |
| 2014 | Mr Sloane | Writer | 1 Episode |
| 2014 | The Trench | Writer | Short |
| 2015 | Flack | Writer | Television movie |
| 2017 | Pleased to Eat You! | Writer | Short (Post-production) |
# Krasnodęby-Kasmy

Krasnodęby-Kasmy is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Sokołów Podlaski, within Sokołów County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately 6 kilometres (4 mi) south-east of Sokołów Podlaski and 92 km (57 mi) east of Warsaw.
# Console

Console may refer to:

## Computing and video games

* System console, a physical device to operate a computer
** Virtual console, a user interface for multiple computer consoles on one device
** Command-line interface, a method of interacting with a computer
*** Console applications are programs designed to be used via a text-only computer interface
*** Terminal emulator, a program that substitutes for a computer console or computer terminal
*** Win32 console, the terminal emulator of Microsoft Windows
** Video game console, a specific device for playing video games
*** Home video game console, a specific home device for playing video games
*** Handheld game console, a specific lightweight and portable device for playing video games
** Console (Mac OS X), a log viewer on OS X
** Console (video game CLI), a command-line user interface element for personal computer games originating in Quake
* Console Inc., an American technology startup company
* Konsole, a computer terminal emulator program for the K Desktop Environment

## Music

* Console (musician), an electronic music project by Martin Gretschmann
* Console tape recorder, also used for computer tape
* Mixing console, a device for controlling and combining audio signals
* Organ console, which includes the keys, stops, and foot pedals for playing music
* Timpani console

## Other uses

* Console (architecture), a support element of a construction such as a balcony
* Console (charity), an Irish suicide bereavement charity which closed due to a mismanagement controversy
* Console (heraldry), a frame supporting a heraldic shield
* Console, a verb describing the offering of consolation
* Center console (automobile)
* Console table, a table supported by corbels designed to be placed against a wall
* Entertainment console, a type of home entertainment center, with various home electronics housed in a self-contained unit
* Lighting control console, a device for controlling theatrical lighting
# Walter P. Lewis

Walter P. Lewis (June 10, 1866 – January 30, 1932) was an American actor of the silent era. He appeared in 55 films between 1912 and 1931. He was born in Albany, New York.

## Partial filmography

* My Hero (1912)
* Brutality (1912)
* My Baby (1912)
* Gold and Glitter (1912)
* Heredity (1912)
* The Musketeers of Pig Alley (1912)
* The New York Hat (1912)
* The Painted Lady (1912)
* The Chief's Blanket (1912)
* Blind Love (1912)
* Love in an Apartment Hotel (1913)
* Brothers (1913)
* A Misappropriated Turkey (1913)
* Fate (1913)
* An Adventure in the Autumn Woods (1913)
* The Telephone Girl and the Lady (1913)
* Three Friends (1913)
* The Tender Hearted Boy (1913)
* The Eternal Sapho (1916)
* The Seven Pearls (1917)
* The Avenging Trail (1917)
* To Hell with the Kaiser! (1918)
* Uncle Tom's Cabin (1918)
* Out of a Clear Sky (1918)
* The White Moll (1920)
* The Birth of a Soul (1920)
* The Ghost in the Garret (1921)
* Tol'able David (1921)
* The Family Closet (1921)
* Lonesome Corners (1922)
* The Steadfast Heart (1923)
* Three Miles Out (1924)
* The Green Archer (1925)
* Down Upon the Suwanee River (1925)
* The Crimson Flash (1927)
* On Guard (1927)
* The Little Shepherd of Kingdom Come (1928)
* Beware of Blondes (1928)
# Salem Prize

The Salem Prize, in memory of Raphael Salem, is awarded each year to young researchers for outstanding contributions to the field of analysis. It is awarded by the School of Mathematics at the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton and was founded by the widow of Raphael Salem in his memory. The prize is considered highly prestigious and many Fields Medalists previously received it. The prize was 5000 French Francs in 1990.

## Past winners

(Note: a $^F$ symbol denotes mathematicians who later earned a Fields Medal).
* 1968 Nicholas Varopoulos
* 1969 Richard Hunt
* 1970 Yves Meyer
* 1971 Charles Fefferman$^F$
* 1972 Thomas Körner
* 1973 Evgenii Mikhailovich Nikishin
* 1974 Hugh Montgomery
* 1975 William Beckner
* 1976 Michael R. Herman
* 1977 S. V. Bockarev
* 1978 Björn E. Dahlberg
* 1979 Gilles Pisier
* 1980 Stylianos Pichorides
* 1981 Peter Jones
* 1982 Alexei B. Aleksandrov
* 1983 Jean Bourgain$^F$
* 1984 Carlos Kenig
* 1985 Thomas Wolff
* 1986 Nikolai Makarov
* 1987 Guy David and Jean Lin Journe
* 1988 Alexander Volberg and Jean-Christophe Yoccoz$^F$
* 1989 no prize
* 1990 Sergei Konyagin
* 1991 Curtis T. McMullen$^F$
* 1992 Mitsuhiro Shishikura
* 1993 Sergei Treil
* 1994 Kari Astala
* 1995 Håkan Eliasson
* 1996 Michael Lacey and Christoph Thiele
* 1997 no prize
* 1998 Trevor Wooley
* 1999 Fedor Nazarov
* 2000 Terence Tao$^F$
* 2001 Oded Schramm and Stanislav Smirnov$^F$
* 2002 Xavier Tolsa
* 2003 Elon Lindenstrauss$^F$ and Kannan Soundararajan
* 2004 no prize
* 2005 Ben J. Green
* 2006 Stefanie Petermichl and Artur Avila$^F$
* 2007 Akshay Venkatesh$^F$
* 2008 Bo'az Klartag and Assaf Naor
* 2009 no prize
* 2010 Nalini Anantharaman
* 2011 Zhan Dapeng and Julien Dubedat
* 2012 no prize
* 2013 Larry Guth
* 2014 Dmitry Chelkak
* 2015 no prize
* 2016 Maryna Viazovska$^F$
* 2017 no prize
* 2018 Alexander Logunov
* 2023 Sarah Peluse and Julian Sahasrabudhe
* 2024 Miguel Walsh and Yilin Wang
# Macro-engineering

In engineering, macro-engineering (alternatively known as mega engineering) is the implementation of large-scale design projects. It can be seen as a branch of civil engineering or structural engineering applied on a large landmass. In particular, macro-engineering is the process of marshaling and managing of resources and technology on a large scale to carry out complex tasks that last over a long period. In contrast to conventional engineering projects, macro-engineering projects (called macro-projects or mega-projects) are multidisciplinary, involving collaboration from all fields of study. Because of the size of macro-projects they are usually international.
Macro-engineering is an evolving field that has only recently started to receive attention. Because we routinely deal with challenges that are multinational in scope, such as global warming and pollution, macro-engineering is emerging as a transcendent solution to worldwide problems.
Macro-engineering is distinct from Megascale engineering due to the scales where they are applied. Where macro-engineering is currently practical, mega-scale engineering is still within the domain of speculative fiction because it deals with projects on a planetary or stellar scale.

## Projects

Macro engineering examples include the construction of the Panama Canal and the Suez Canal.

## Planned projects

Examples of projects include the Channel Tunnel and the planned Gibraltar Tunnel.
Two intellectual centers focused on macro-engineering theory and practice are the Candida Oancea Institute in Bucharest, and The Center for Macro Projects and Diplomacy at Roger Williams University in Bristol, Rhode Island.
# Kyiv River Port

The Kyiv River Port (Ukrainian: Київський річковий порт; translit. Kyivskyi richkovyi port) is the main river port of Kyiv, located on the right bank of the Dnieper River in the Podil neighborhood of the city. The port has an own fleet that serves as a shipping company. It also has departments in Pereiaslav and Rzhyshchiv.
The passenger part of the port has been renovated to house American University Kyiv since 2021.

## History

Since ancient times, the Podil neighborhood was an important trade center, especially by water routes.
Around the 19th century, steamboats started to navigate along the Dnieper, and a row of quays were built along the Right Bank of the river.

## Port infrastructure
### Passenger infrastructure

Kyiv River Port boasts more than 20 riverboat stairway-equipped moorings on the several kilometer-long embankment, all of which are reserved for passenger and leisure vessels. From April through October, there is a daily leisure navigation in the port, facilitated by various private operators.

#### Passenger terminal of the port

In 1953–1961 a new passenger terminal was built on the Poshtova Square by the architects V. Gopkalo, V. Ladny, and others. The building has a mast-like tower which resembled a steamboat tower.

## Fleet
### Passenger

* Moskva-type — 6 (all project R-51E)
* Kashtan-type — 4
* Moskvich-type — 2 (all project 544)
* PS-type — 1 (project 792A)

### Freight

* Project 1021A — 1
* TNM-type, project 795 — 1
* Zaporozhie-type, project 559B — 1
* Generic — 2
* Project 775, 775A — 7

### Technical

* Type BT, BM — 6
* Floating dock — 1
* Floating piers — 3
* Poliarnik-type, project 1427 — 1
* Type OS, project 354U — 1
* Project 889A — 1
* Project D-120 — 1
* Admiralteets-type, project 371 — 1
* Kostromich-type, project 1606 — 1

## Ownership and operations

The port was privatized in 1996 from Ukrrichflot. It is now owned by companies associated with Mykhailo Brodskyi and Nestor Shufrych.
# Joe Esposito (politician)

Joseph Esposito (born Giuseppe Esposito, Italian pronunciation:, October 6, 1871 – March 21, 1928) was an American politician best known for his involvement in bootlegging, extortion, prostitution, and labor racketeering in Chicago, Illinois, during the Prohibition era.

## Early life

Esposito was born on October 6, 1871, in Acerra, Campania, Italy. He immigrated to Illinois and joined one of the street gangs terrorizing Chicago's Little Italy during the early 1900s. When the Volstead Act was enacted and Prohibition in the United States began, Esposito's organization, the 42 Gang, which included Sam "Momo" Giancana and Paul "The Waiter" Ricca, entered into bootlegging. Esposito's early success with the Genna Brothers may have been a factor in the 1920 murder of rival James "Big Jim" Colosimo, a long time racketeer who had been hesitant to begin his own bootlegging operations.

## Rise to power and politics

By the early 1920s, Esposito earned another nickname, Diamond Joe, due to his frequent wearing of diamond cufflinks, diamond rings, and other jewelry. Esposito had become a Republican ward boss of the Nineteenth Ward in Chicago. He was one of the earliest Italian Americans elected as aldermen. Esposito provided political protection to the bootlegging gangs of Chicago's Italian communities, including the South Side gang of mob boss Johnny Torrio and the Genna brothers. In May 1921, Esposito famously attended the funeral of his political protégé Antonio D'Andrea. Several years later, Esposito also attended the funeral of another criminal ally, Angelo Genna murdered on May 25, 1925.

## Rivalry with Al Capone and death

After Torrio retired, Esposito was a rival of his old gang, now led by Al Capone and known as the Chicago Outfit, and on March 21, 1928, Esposito was attacked and killed in a drive-by shooting on his front steps, with his two nieces right inside the house.
# Hasa of Eshtemoa

Hasa of Eshtemoa (Hebrew: חסא דאשתמוע‎) was an amora active in Eshtemoa in the Land of Israel during the end of the 3rd-century or beginning of the 4th-century CE. He is mentioned once in the Jerusalem Talmud as being visited by Rav Yasa of Tiberias.
# Dovzhansk Raion

Dovzhansk Raion (Ukrainian: Довжанський район; Russian: Должанский район) or Sverdlovsk Raion (Ukrainian: Свердловський район) is a raion (district) in Luhansk Oblast in eastern Ukraine. The administrative center of the raion is the city of Sverdlovsk, Population: 205,465 (2022 estimate). which is incorporated separately as a city of oblast significance and does not belong to the raion. The last estimates of the population of the raion, reported by the Ukrainian government, were 11,644 (2020 est.); 12,039 (2013 est.).
The area of the raion is controlled by Russia, which continues to use the pre-2020 administrative divisions of Ukraine.

## History

Sverdlovsk Raion was created in 1938, soon after the founding of Sverdlovsk itself by the amalgamation of several local mining villages. In 1962, Sverdlovsk was designated as a city of oblast significance; while it still served as the administrative center of Sverdlovsk Raion, it was no longer part of it, and was instead subordinated directly to Luhansk Oblast. Portions of the raion were also split off and transferred to Krasnodon Raion and Antratsyt Raion.
Territories of Luhansk Oblast have been the subject of fighting by Russian and Russian-controlled militias since 2014. In 2015 a more-or-less stable line of contact was established after the Minsk II ceasefire agreement and conclusion of the battle of Debaltseve, placing the raion on the Russian side (as part of the Luhansk People's Republic), and then directly after the 2022 annexation of four partially occupied Ukrainian oblasts.
In 2016, the Verkhovna Rada renamed Sverdlovsk to Dovzhansk and Sverdlovsk Raion to Dovzhansk Raion, in accordance with the decommunization law, prohibiting the names of Communist origin. On 18 July 2020 as part of the administrative reform of Ukraine, which reduced the number of raions of Luhansk Oblast to eight, the raion was abolished and reformed as a new Dovzhansk Raion, with its territory significantly extended. Russia continues to use the old name and the old area of the raion.

## Population
### Demographics

As of the 2001 Ukrainian census:

#### Ethnicity

* Ukrainians: 69.9%
* Russians: 25.9%
* Belarusians: 0.6%

## Subdivisions

The raion contains two hromadas:
* Dovzhansk urban hromada, with its center in the city Sverdlovsk (Dovzhansk)
* Sorokyne urban hromada, with its center in the city Krasnodon (Sorokyne)
# Agur, Israel

Agur (Hebrew: עָגוּר, lit. 'Crane') is a moshav in central Israel. Located near Beit Shemesh, it falls under the jurisdiction of Mateh Yehuda Regional Council. In 2022 it had a population of 549.

## History

The village was established in 1950 by immigrants from Yemen on land that had belonged to the Palestinian village of Ajjur, which was occupied and depopulated in October 1948 by the Fourth Battalion of the Giv'ati Brigade as part of Operation Yoav. In 1953 the founders left to establish another moshav, Nahala; Agur was repopulated by immigrants from Northern Kurdistan.

## Economy

Agur operates its own winery, producing wine from four blends – blanca, rose, kessem, and special reserve. Grapes from each vineyard in the Judean Mountains are fermented separately before being blended. The owner and founder of the winery is Shuki Yashuv.
# Vicecomodoro Ángel de la Paz Aragonés Airport

Vicecomodoro Ángel de la Paz Aragonés Airport (Spanish: Aeropuerto de Santiago del Estero – Ángel de la Paz Aragonés) (IATA: SDE, ICAO: SANE) is located 6 kilometres (4 mi) northwest of downtown Santiago del Estero, the capital of Santiago del Estero Province in Argentina. The airport covers an area of 526 hectares (1299 acres) and is operated by Aeropuertos Argentina 2000.
Also known as Santiago del Estero Airport or Mal Paso Airport, it was built in 1959 and the runway was re-paved in 2001. It has a 1,000 square metres (11,000 sq ft) terminal and 45 parking spaces. In 2007, it handled 49,517 passengers. The airport does not handle international flights. It is served by Flybondi 737-800.
Runway length includes a 200 metres (660 ft) blast pad on Runway 03. Runway 03 has an additional 200 metres (660 ft) paved overrun. The Santiago Del Estero VOR (Ident: SDE) and non-directional beacon (Ident: D) are located on the field.

## Airlines and destinations

| Airlines | Destinations |
| Aerolíneas Argentinas | Buenos Aires–Aeroparque |
| Flybondi | Buenos Aires–Aeroparque |