OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Old Providence McBean Lagoon National Natural Park

The Old Providence McBean Lagoon National Natural Park (Spanish: Parque Nacional Natural Old Providence McBean Lagoon) is a national park located on the northeast side of Providencia Island in the Archipelago of San Andrés, Providencia and Santa Catalina, Colombia.
It is one of three national parks in the Colombian Caribbean with coral reefs on its territories, the other two being Tayrona and Rosario and San Bernardo Corals.

## General

The area covers 9.95 km$^2$ (3.84 sq mi) (of which 9.05 are maritime) and was declared a national park 1995, partly as a social defense against increased human activity in the form of time-sharing that would destroy a significant part of the area's mangroves.
The park contains different ecosystems, such as mangrove forests, coral formations, beds of marine grasses, and a small area of tropical dry forest. Due to the colorful coral reefs, the Providencia Island is also known as "The Sea of Seven Colors" (Spanish: El Mar de los Siete Colores). Crab Caye and the Three Brothers Cayes form four small islands that are part of the National Park.
Average yearly rainfall is 3000 mm, with the largest precipitation occurring in October–November. There is a dry period from January to June. Average temperature is 25 °C and relative humidity 73.3%.

## Flora and fauna

The mangroves range from 3 m (9.8 ft)–12 m (39 ft) in height. The predominant species is red mangrove and there are also smaller populations of black mangrove and white mangrove.
There are 74 recorded species of bird in the area. Noteworthy marine species include: Audubon's shearwater, magnificent frigatebird, brown booby and royal tern; non-marine: green heron and bananaquit (Coereba flaveola tricolor). The extensive area of marine grasses around the lagoon and bordering mangroves is made up of Thalassia testudinum and Syringodium filiforme.

## Tourism

A visitor centre on Crab Caye is accessible by boat. For conservation reasons, it is not permitted to access the other small islands that form part of the National Park.

## Footnotes

* ↑ Cortés 2003, p. 296
* ↑ "Seaflower Marine Protected Area (MPA)". UNESCO. Retrieved 13 July 2010.
* 1 2 3 Villegas & Sesana 2007, p. 85
* ↑ "Naturaleza y Ciencia Parque Nacional Natural Old Providence McBean Lagoon" (in Spanish). Parques Nacionales Naturales de Colombia. Retrieved 10 July 2010.
* ↑ "Parque Nacional Natural Old Providence McBean Lagoon" (in Spanish). Parques Nacionales Naturales de Colombia. Archived from the original on 30 September 2011. Retrieved 10 July 2010.
* ↑ Villegas & Sesana 2007, p. 86
* ↑ "Nature & Science Old Providence". Parques Nacionales Naturales de Colombia. Retrieved 10 July 2010.
# Sano (surname)

Sano (Japanese: 佐野) is a Japanese surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Fusako Sano, Japanese kidnapping victim
* Gaku Sano, (born 1992), Japanese actor
* Hayato Sano (born 1998) Japanese actor, and idol from M!LK
* Hidemasa Sano (born 1984), Japanese swimmer
* Hinako Sano (born 1994), Japanese actress
* Hiroyuki Sano, Japanese pole vaulter
* Junya Sano (born 1982), Japanese cyclist
* Kaishu Sano (佐野 海舟, born 2000), Japanese footballer
* Kazuhiro Sano (born 1956), Japanese film director
* Kazuma Sano (born 1989), Japanese actor
* Keita Sano (born 1994), Japanese baseball player
* Kimitoshi Sano (佐野 公俊, born 1982), Japanese basketball coach
* Konosuke Sano, Japanese long-distance runner
* Mari Sano (born 1968), Japanese artist
* Sano Masakoto (佐野 政言, 1757–1784), Japanese samurai
* Masayuki Sano (born 1919), Japanese fencer
* Miguel Angel Sano, Dominican baseball player
* Minoru Sano (figure skater) (born 1955), Japanese figure skater
* Minoru Sano (chef) (1951–2014), Japanese chef
* Mizuki Sano (born 1973), Japanese actor
* Motoharu Sano (born 1956), Japanese musician
* Nami Sano (1987–2023), Japanese manga artist
* Naoki Sano, Japanese wrestler
* Natsume Sano (born 1985), Japanese actress
* Nobuyoshi Sano (born 1969), Japanese musician
* Rihei Sano (1912–1992), Japanese footballer
* Roy I. Sano (born 1931), Japanese-American bishop
* Seki Sano (1905–1966) was a Japanese actor
* Shirō Sano (born 1955), Japanese actor
* Tadayoshi Sano (1889–1945), Japanese army officer
* Tomoaki Sano (born 1968), Japanese footballer
* Tony Sano, Japanese-American TV host
* Toru Sano (born 1963), Japanese footballer
* Tsubasa Sano (born 1994), Japanese footballer
* Tsuneha Sano (1871–1956), Japanese scout
* Tsunetami Sano (1822–1902), Japanese statesman
* Yōko Sano (1938–2010), Japanese writer
* Toshikazu Sano (1940–2000), Japanese football referee
* Yoshimune Sano (born 1979), Japanese basketball player
* Yuko Sano (born 1979), Japanese volleyball player
* Yumeka Sano (born 1985), Japanese sprinter
* Yuya Sano (born 1982), Japanese footballer
# The Federation of Electric Power Related Industry Workers' Unions of Japan

The Federation of Electric Power Related Industry Workers' Unions of Japan (Japanese: 全国電力関連産業労働組合総連合, Denryoku Soren) is a trade union representing workers in the electric power industry in Japan.
The Council of Electric Power Related Industry Workers' Union of Japan was established in 1969, bringing together nine regional unions, which themselves comprised a total of 108 local unions, and 178,742 members. The most important of these was the Federation of Electrical Workers' Unions of Japan. In 1981, the council was replaced by Denryoku Soren, a more centralised organisation, which by this time had 209,523 members.
The union was a founding member of the Japanese Private Sector Trade Union Confederation in 1987, by which point it had 218,000 members. It was then a founder of the Japanese Trade Union Confederation, in 1989. In 1996, it absorbed the small National Council of Japanese Electric Powers Workers. By 2020, its membership had fallen slightly, to 208,996.
# Perry–Robertson formula

The Perry–Robertson formula is a mathematical formula which is able to produce a good approximation of buckling loads in long slender columns or struts, and is the basis for the buckling formulation adopted in EN 1993.
The formula in question can be expressed in the following form:
$\sigma _{m}={\frac {1}{2}}\left(f_{y}+\sigma _{e}\left(1+\theta \right)-{\sqrt {\left(f_{y}+\sigma _{e}\left(1+\theta \right)\right)^{2}-4f_{y}\sigma _{e}}}\right)$
with $\theta ={\frac {w_{o,1}c}{i^{2}}}$
where:
* $\sigma _{m}$ is the average longitudinal stress in the beam's cross section
* $f_{y}$ is the material's elastic limit
* $\sigma _{e}$ is the average tension measured in the cross section which correspond to the beam's Euler load
* $w_{o,1}$ the amplitude of the initial geometrical imperfection
* $c$ distance from the cross section's centroid to the section's most stressed fiber
* $i$ the section's radius of gyration
Robertson then proposed that $\theta =0.003\lambda$, where $\lambda$ represents the beam's slenderness.
# The Companion (film)

The Companion (Spanish: El acompañante) is a 2015 Cuban drama film directed by Pavel Giroud. It was selected as the Cuban entry for the Best Foreign Language Film at the 89th Academy Awards but it was not nominated.

## Cast

* Camila Arteche as Lisandra
* Armando Miguel Gómez
* Broselianda Hernández as La Madre
* Yotuel Romero
* Jazz Vilá as Boris

## Festivals & Awards

* Cuba's Official Entry to the Academy Awards, Best Foreign Film, 2016.
* Cuba's Official Entry to the Goya Awards, Best Foreign Film, 2016.
* Busan International Film Festival, Official Selection World Cinema, 2015.
* Chicago International Film Festival, Official Selection World Cinema, 2015.
* Cinélatino: Recontres de Toulouse, Audience Award, 2016.
* Havana Film Festival New York, Best Screenplay 2016.
* Málaga International Film Festival, Audience Award, 2016.
* Miami International Film Festival, Audience Award, 2016.
# Chung Ui-hwa

Chung Ui-hwa (Korean: 정의화; Hanja: 鄭義和; born 18 December 1948) is a South Korean doctor and politician who served as Speaker of the National Assembly from 2014 to 2016.

## Early life and education

Chung Eui-hwa was born in Changwon-gun, South Gyeongsang Province, South Korea on December 18, 1948. He graduated from Pusan National University medical school.

## Political career

Chung became a politician in 1996 when he ran in the 1996 South Korean legislative election for the Busan Jung-gu · Dong-gu electoral district and won with 41.6% of the vote. He continuously won the Busan Jung-gu · Dong-gu electoral district until 2012.
Chung was pro-Lee Myung-bak during the 2007 South Korean presidential election.
He assumed the position of Speaker of the National Assembly on May 30, 2014. Since then, Chung has been an Independent and critical of the pro-Park Geun-hye faction of the Liberty Korea Party.
# Asia Youngman

Asia Youngman is a Cree-Métis filmmaker from Canada.
In 2017 she released her debut short documentary film Lelum', which won the award for Best Documentary Short at the 2017 imagineNATIVE Film and Media Arts Festival.
In 2018, she was one of eight women filmmakers selected for the Academy of Canadian Cinema and Television's Apprenticeship for Women Directors program, alongside Kathleen Hepburn, Kirsten Carthew, Alicia K. Harris, Allison White, Tiffany Hsiung, Halima Ouardiri, and Kristina Wagenbauer. In the same year Youngman and Trevor Mack collaborated on the short documentary In the Valley of Wild Horses.
in 2019 Youngman released the short documentary This Ink Runs Deep, about Indigenous tattooing traditions. It won the award for Best Short Documentary at the 2019 Calgary International Film Festival. In 2021 she released Hatha, her first narrative short film, and followed up in 2022 with N'xaxaitkw.
In 2023, Youngman and Kathleen Jayme collaborated on I'm Just Here for the Riot, a feature documentary about the 2011 Vancouver Stanley Cup riot. The film premiered at the 2023 Hot Docs Canadian International Documentary Festival.
Youngman has also directed episodes of the television series Odd Squad, Odd Squad Mobile Unit and Amplify, and the television film The Hillsdale Adoption Scam.
# Tenida (film)

Tenida is a 2011 Bengali comedy adventure film directed by Chinmoy Roy and produced by Tower Solar System. It is loosely based on a Tenida novel Charmurtir Abhijan by Narayan Gangopadhyay. Director Roy himself played the part of Tenida in Charmurti in 1978.

## Plot

Tenida and his three friends Kyabla, Habul and Palaram are invited by uncle Kutty Mama for a visit to the jungles of Dooars on vacation. They go to Dooars and realise that there are poacher stealing the trees and animals of the forest. There are some terrorists also active inside the jungle. Tenida and his friends solve the problems.

## Cast

* Chinmoy Roy as Elephant doctor
* Subhasish Mukherjee as Tenida
* Biplab Chatterjee as Police inspector
* Bibhu Bhattacharya as Seth Dhundhuram
* Jui Banerjee
* Gaurav Dasgupta
* Ritam Bose
* Moinak Dutta
* Sreemonti Majumdar
* Tapas Chakraborty
* Gora Chowdhury
# Ministry General Secretariat of the Presidency (Chile)

The Ministry General Secretariat of the Presidency (Spanish: Ministerio Secretaría General de la Presidencia) is the cabinet-level administrative office (equivalent to the president's Chief of Staff) which serves in an advisory role to the President of Chile and her or his ministers in the governments' relations with the National Congress of Chile, the development of the legislative agenda, and keeping track of the bills and other legislative activity in Congress as they pertain to the government.
The ministry was created in 1990 during the government of Patricio Aylwin, and the first appointee and longest-serving Minister so far was Edgardo Boeninger Kausel.
The Minister Secretary-General of the Presidency is Álvaro Elizalde, who was appointed by President Gabriel Boric on 19 April 2023.

## Titulars

| Name | Entered Office | Exited Office | Appointed by |
| Edgardo Böeninger Kausel | 11 March 1990 | 11 March 1994 | Patricio Aylwin |
| Genaro Arriagada Herrera | 11 March 1994 | 1996 | Eduardo Frei Ruiz-Tagle |
| Juan Villarzú Rohde | 1996 | 1998 | Eduardo Frei Ruiz-Tagle |
| John Biehl del Río | 1998 | 22 June 1999 | Eduardo Frei Ruiz-Tagle |
| José Miguel Insulza Salinas | 22 June 1999 | 11 March 2000 | Eduardo Frei Ruiz-Tagle |
| Álvaro García Hurtado | 11 March 2000 | 2002 | Ricardo Lagos |
| Mario Fernández Baeza | 2002 | 2003 | Ricardo Lagos |
| Francisco Huenchumilla Jaramillo | 2003 | 2004 | Ricardo Lagos |
| Eduardo Dockendorff Vallejos | 2004 | 11 March 2006 | Ricardo Lagos |
| Paulina Veloso Valenzuela | 11 March 2006 | 27 March 2007 | Michelle Bachelet |
| José Antonio Viera-Gallo Quesney | 27 March 2007 | 11 March 2010 | Michelle Bachelet |
| Cristián Patricio Larroulet Vignau | 11 March 2010 | 11 March 2014 | Sebastián Piñera |
| Ximena Cecilia Rincón González | 11 March 2014 | 11 May 2015 | Michelle Bachelet |
| Jorge Insunza Gregorio de Las Heras | 11 May 2015 | 7 June 2015 | Michelle Bachelet |
| Patricia Silva Meléndez | 7 June 2015 | 27 June 2015 | Michelle Bachelet |
| Nicolás Eyzaguirre | 27 June 2015 | 31 August 2017 | Michelle Bachelet |
| Gabriel de la Fuente Acuña | 31 August 2017 | 11 March 2018 | Michelle Bachelet |
| Gonzalo Blumel Mac Iver | 11 March 2018 | 28 October 2019 | Sebastián Piñera |
| Felipe Andrés Ward Edwards | 28 October 2019 | 4 June 2020 | Sebastián Piñera |
| Claudio Alvarado | 4 June 2020 | 28 July 2020 | Sebastián Piñera |
| Cristián Monckeberg | 28 July 2020 | 6 January 2021 | Sebastián Piñera |
| Juan José Ossa | 6 January 2021 | 11 March 2022 | Sebastián Piñera |
| Kenneth Giorgio Jackson Drago | 11 March 2022 | 6 September 2022 | Gabriel Boric |
| Ana Lya Uriarte | 6 September 2022 | 19 April 2023 | Gabriel Boric |
| Álvaro Elizalde | 19 April 2023 | Incumbent | Gabriel Boric |
# Hanburia (plant)

Hanburia is a genus of plants in the tribe Sicyoeae of the gourd family, Cucurbitaceae. Its native range is from Mexico to Venezuela and Peru. It is found in the countries of Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, Panamá, Peru and Venezuela.

## Description

Mainly perennial climbing and shrubby herbaceous plants. The leaves are alternate (at different levels along a stem) and simple, with lobed, stalked margins, with simple or bi- to trifid (split in 3) tendrils. The flowers are actinomorphic (regular or radially symmetrical) and unisexual (monecium), are grouped in axillary racemes for males, solitary and axillary for females. They consist of a campanulate calyx with 5 lobes, a corolla with 5 petals united at the base. The male flowers have 3 stamens with coherent filaments or connate in a central column. The female flowers have an inferior and trilocular (3 spaced) ovary. The fruits (seed capsules) are ovoid (shaped) and similar to prickly berries.

## Taxonomy

The genus name of Hanburia is in honour of Daniel Hanbury (1825–1875), a British botanist and pharmacologist. It was first described and published in Bonplandia (Hannover) Vol.6 on page 293 in 1858.

## Known species

According to Kew;
* Hanburia caracasana (Ernst) H.Schaef. & S.S.Renner
* Hanburia grisebachii (Cogn.) H.Schaef. & S.S.Renner
* Hanburia mexicana Seem.
* Hanburia oerstedii (Cogn.) H.Schaef. & S.S.Renner
* Hanburia parviflora Donn.Sm.
* Hanburia spectabilis (Mart.Crov.) H.Schaef. & S.S.Renner
* Hanburia subcyclanthera (C.Jeffrey) H.Schaef. & S.S.Renner
The type species is Hanburia mexicana, from Mexico.
# Ulyana Voitsik

Ulyana Voitsik (Belarusian: Ульяна Войтик; born 12 October 1989) is a Belarusian retired ice hockey player. During her career, she played as a forward with the HK Pantera Minsk of the Elite Women's Hockey League (EWHL), the Istanbul Buz Korsanları SK of the Turkish Women's Ice Hockey League, and Korolevy Dnepra of the Ukrainian Women's Ice Hockey Championship.

## Career

Between 2011 and 2014, she played in her country for HK Pantera Minsk and participated at three matches of the 2013–14 IIHF European Women's Champions Cup.
In the 2015–16 season, Voitsik played for the Turkish team Istanbul Buz Korsanları SK, and enjoyed Turkish Ice Hockey Women's League champion title.

## Honours
### Turkish Ice Hockey Women's League

* Istanbul Buz Korsanları SK
** Champion (1): 2015–16.
# Schwarza (Saale)

The Schwarza is a left tributary of the Saale in Thuringia, central Germany.
The Schwarza is 53 km (33 mi) long. Its source is in the Thuringian Forest, near Neuhaus am Rennweg. It flows into the Saale in Rudolstadt. Other towns on the Schwarza are Schwarzburg and Bad Blankenburg. It has 50 tributaries, the largest being the Lichte, the Sorbitz, the Werre and the Rinne. Its name, meaning "black river", comes from its dark colour in its upper course and the thick forest which originally overshadowed the narrow valley.
The Schwarza valley (German: Schwarzatal) parallels the axis of the Schwarzburg anticline (Schwarzburger Sattel), a structure that divides the Thuringian Forest to the northwest from the Thuringian Highland to the southeast. The Schwarzburg Anticline was created by the collision between Laurentia and Gondwana around 350 million years ago. The rock of the Schwarzburg Anticline is metamorphic, with a core of ordovician rock, largely quartzite. The river is geologically unusual for the large number of kolks in its lower course.
The Schwarza river is the richest in gold in Germany, and its valley has been known for its deposits of placer gold since the 12th century. In 1442, the rights to the gold deposits of the Schwarza valley were granted to the Counts of Schwarzburg. Recreational placer miners continue to find occasional gold nuggets in the Schwarza to this day.
# All Japan National Railway Locomotive Engineers' Union

The All Japan National Railway Locomotive Engineers' Union (Japanese: 全国鉄動力車労働組合, Zendōrō) was a trade union representing railway workers in Japan.
The union's origins lay in the National Railway Locomotive Engineers' Union (Dōrō). In 1973, Dōrō's leadership called for votes for the Socialist Party of Japan, but a minority group preferred to back the Communist Party of Japan (KPJ). This group was expelled, and in 1974 founded Zendoro. By 1975, the new union had 3,500 members, but this steadily declined, and by 1990, membership was down to only 1,401. It remained unaffiliated until 1989, when it joined the new National Confederation of Trade Unions. In 1999, it merged with the Construction and Rural and General Workers' Union and the All Japan Transport and General Workers' Union, to form the All Japan Construction, Transport and General Workers' Union.
# Alexey Fyodorovich Orlov

Prince Alexey Fyodorovich Orlov (Russian: Алексей Фёдорович Орлов; 30 October [O.S. 19 October] 1787 – 2 June [O.S. 21 May] 1862) was a Russian diplomat, the natural son of Count Fyodor Grigoryevich Orlov. Born in Moscow, he took part in the Napoleonic Wars from 1805 to the capture of Paris in 1814. For his services as commander of the cavalry regiment of the Horse Life Guards during the rebellion of 1825 he was granted the title of count, and in the Turkish War of 1828–1829 he rose to the rank of lieutenant-general.
At this time his diplomatic career began. He served as the Russian plenipotentiary at the Peace of Adrianople, and in 1833 was appointed Russian ambassador at Constantinople, holding at the same time the post of commander-in-chief of the Black Sea Fleet. He became, indeed, one of the most trusted agents of Emperor Nicholas I, whom in 1837 he accompanied on his foreign tour. From 1844 to 1856 Orlov headed the infamous Third Section (secret police).
In 1854 he travelled to Vienna to bring Austria over to the side of Russia during the Crimean War of 1853–1856, but without success. In 1856 he was one of the plenipotentiaries who concluded the Peace of Paris. In the same year, raised to the dignity of prince, he was appointed president of the Imperial Council of State and of the Council of Ministers. In 1857, during the absence of Emperor Alexander II, he presided over the commission formed to consider the question of the emancipation of the serfs, to which he was altogether hostile. He died in Saint Petersburg.

## In popular culture

Orlov was the subject of a satirical verse by Alexander Pushkin, alleging that Orlov's mistress, the dancer Istomina, could see his penis only through a microscope.
# Mazkeret Batya

Mazkeret Batya (Hebrew: מַזְכֶּרֶת בַּתְיָה) (lit. "Batya Memorial") is a local council in central Israel located southeast of Rehovot and 25 kilometres (16 mi) from Tel Aviv. Mazkeret Batya spans an area of 7,440 dunams (7 km$^2$). In 2022 it had a population of 15,726. The mayor of Mazkeret Batya is Gaby Gaon.

## History

Mazkeret Batya, initially Ekron, was established on November 7, 1883 by 11 ultra-Orthodox Jewish farmers from Russia, one of them Yaakov Laskovsky. It was the first agricultural settlement of the Hovevei Zion movement.
The land was purchased by Baron Rothschild to promote Jewish agriculture in Palestine. Rabbi Shmuel Mohilever was instrumental in mobilizing funding and organizing the settlers. Mohilever's remains were later reinterred in the Mazkeret Batya cemetery. In 1887 the name was changed to Mazkeret Batya, in memory of Betty Solomon de Rothschild, mother of Baron Edmond James de Rothschild. The history of the founding is described in the book "Rebels in the Holy Land", by the historian Sam Finkle where he writes about the community's struggle to uphold the laws of the sabbatical year despite fierce opposition.
The economy of the village was originally based on dry farming, which continued even after the Mekorot Company constructed a pipeline to bring water from Rehovot. In 1947, Mazkeret Batya was home to 475 people.
According to a census conducted in 1922 by the British Mandate authorities, Mazkeret Batya (then Ekron) had a population 368 Jews. During the Mandate era, a Jewish police station was established in Mazkeret Batya to safeguard the local roads. In the War of Independence, convoys to besieged Jerusalem left from Mazkeret Batya. A field hospital operated there to care for Haganah fighters wounded at Latrun.
According to one source, at the end of the British Mandate for Palestine, the British tried to hand the nearby Aqir airfield and camp to the Palestinian Arabs, apparently without success.
Due to its proximity to Tel Aviv, Mazkeret Batya has experienced a growth spurt, becoming a mixed community of religious and secular Jews. Historic landmarks include Beit Ha'Itut (Signal House), the Great Synagogue, Beit Meshek HaBaron ("The Baron's Farmhouse", now housing a cultural center), the saqiya-type water-rising system with its wooden wheels, well and pool, and an old farmyard.

## Notable People

Shira Elinav, footballer

## Twin towns — sister cities

Mazkeret Batya is twinned with:
* Celle, Germany
* Calgary, Alberta, Canada
* Meudon, France
* Memphis, United States
# Kashalakbash

Kashalakbash (Russian: Кашалакбаш; Bashkir: Кәшәләкбаш, Käşäläkbaş) is a rural locality (a khutor) in Bayguzinsky Selsoviet, Ishimbaysky District, Bashkortostan, Russia. The population was 58 as of 2010. There are 3 streets.

## Geography

Kashalakbash is located 23 km southeast of Ishimbay (the district's administrative centre) by road. Anikeyevsky is the nearest rural locality.
# Pashkeh

Pashkeh (Persian: پشكه; also known as Pashgeh) is a village in Belesbeneh Rural District, Kuchesfahan District, Rasht County, Gilan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 654, in 199 families.