OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Hellenic Post

The Hellenic Post S.A. (Greek: Ελληνικά Ταχυδρομεία, abbreviated ΕΛΤΑ, ELTA) is the state-owned provider of postal services in Greece. It succeeded the former government Postal Service, founded in 1828. ELTA provides a universal postal service to all parts of Greece and is a member of the Universal Postal Union. Services provided include: letter post; parcel service; deposit accounts; Swiftpost, a nationwide next-day delivery service; and the EMS international express mail service.

## History

Hellenic Post was founded in 1828 along with the modern Greek state. Since 1996 it has been operating as a public limited company owned by the state.
In 1834 an agreement with French banker Francois Feraldi ensured mail service to and from the Greek islands, and in 1836 placed the first wagons for transporting mail between Athens and Piraeus.
In 1860 the law on stamps came into force, and the first Greek postage stamp was printed at the Paris Mint, symbolically the head of Hermes.
In 1869 ELTA started using the Greek railway system, and in 1874 it was one of the founding members in the Universal Postal Union established in Bern.
In 1892 telephone services were added to the responsibilities of the post.
In 1909 the company inaugurated the rural postal service, which for remained for decades the sole means of communication for farmers in difficult to reach rural areas.
Starting in 1926, the Italian Aero Espresso started offering its services to ELTA for mail delivery by plane.
During the Greek Civil War, the post office was always present, ensuring and enabling communication with the front. In 1949, with the establishment of OTE, the telegraph and telephone services were separated from the postal service, which now became the sole service of ELTA.
Since 2006 ELTA have been providing banking services, in accordance with the partnership with Hellenic Postbank.
* Post office in Patmos
* Post box at Cape Sounion
* Hellenic Post, Courier Service logo
# Barony of Nikli

The Barony of Nikli was a medieval Frankish fiefdom of the Principality of Achaea, located in the southern Arcadia region of the Peloponnese peninsula in Greece, and centred on the town of Nikli (Greek: Νίκλι; French: Nicles; Italian: Nicli), also known as Amyklai or Amyklion (Ἀμύκλαι, Αμύκλιον).

## History

The Barony of Nikli was established ca. 1209, after the conquest of the Peloponnese by the Crusaders, and was one of the original twelve secular baronies within the Principality of Achaea. The barony, with six knight's fiefs attached to it, was given to a lord known in the Greek and Italian versions of the Chronicle of the Morea only as William, but whose family name is given by Angevin records as Morlay. William was succeeded by his son Hugh—although Karl Hopf suggested the interposition of a second William after the original founder for chronological reasons—and then, around 1280, by Androuin de Villiers or de Villa, who had married Hugh's sister Sachette.
Nikli, known in Antiquity as Tegea, is located on the southern Arcadian plain and was conquered by the Franks after a siege sometime before 1209; at the time it was a town of some importance and the seat of a bishopric, which was taken over by a Latin bishop until 1222, when it was abolished and joined to that of Lacedaemon. Nikli's location made it an excellent assembly point for armies, as well as for parliaments like the famous "Ladies' Parliament" in 1261, but after 1262, when the Byzantines recovered parts of the southeastern Peloponnese, the barony became a battleground, and by the early 1270s, Nikli was permanently garrisoned to prevent the Byzantines from breaking out of their territory in Laconia into the central Arcadian plateau. Nikli was still in Frankish hands in 1280, but was lost to the resurgent Byzantines sometime after. The Aragonese version of the Chronicle states that the Byzantines occupied the town in 1296, but, it being indefensible on account of its location on the plain, they preferred to destroy and abandon it. The region seems to have remained under Frankish control for a few years after that, but by 1302, it was definitely in Byzantine hands.
# Tiberius Julius Chedosbius

Chedosbius (Greek: Τιβέριος Ἰούλιος Χηδόσβιος, romanized: Tiberios Ioulios Chēdosbios) was an obscure king of the Bosporan Kingdom, a Roman client state. Chedosbius is only known from a single inscription, which gives his name and titles but no date. Beyond his placement at some point during the rule of the Tiberian-Julian dynasty (8 BC – AD 341), the timespan of his reign is unknown and disputed.

## Identity and chronology

The sole evidence of Chedosbius' existence and reign is a stele erected in Kherson. The Chedosbius stele was discovered in the form of two fragments in 1913, one fragment containing an inscription with his name and titles and another containing an image of the king wielding a sword. Whereas the letters used in the inscription are characteristic of the third and fourth centuries, the image of a king with a sword was more widespread in the first and second centuries, a period which was also characterized by this type of stele. Based on the image and the text, Michael Choref concluded in 2020 that Chedosbius was likely king in the first half of the third century as a co-ruler of one of the more well-attested Tiberian-Julian kings, most likely Rhescuporis IV (r. 233–234). Rhescuporis IV was himself a co-ruler of Cotys III.
Alternative proposed placements of Chedosbius in the chronology tend to solely be based on the text and not the image. He is sometimes speculatively inserted into gaps in the sequence of coinage from which no coins are known. Michael Rostovtzeff believed Chedosbius had succeeded Teiranes and preceded Theothorses, ruling 278–285/286. Though no coins are known from this timespan, it is otherwise believed to have accounted for Theothorses's early reign. Chedosbios's name might be of Gothic origin which could fit with Ivan Alekseevich Astakhov's theory that Theothorses became king through defeating a Gothic invasion.
# Teenagent

Teenagent is a 1995 point-and-click adventure game developed by Polish developer Metropolis Software House. It was released for Amiga and MS-DOS. The player controls teenage boy Mark Hopper, who wants to be a secret agent. It was the first game to be released on CD-ROM in Poland.

## Plot

Gold is disappearing around Poland. The police agency wants to hire a random person to uncover the reason behind this disappearance - they choose teenage boy Mark Hopper.

## Gameplay

The game has three sections: "The Three Tasks", where Mark must prove himself by performing three tasks for the captain of the guards; "The Village", where Mark must wander around a village and gain entry to the mansion owned by the villain causing the gold's disappearance; and "The Mansion", where Mark must put a stop to the villain's plans.

## Development

Metropolis Software's contemporaries had begun making games for 8-bit computers, which freed up the market for the company to pursue PC game development without competition. The development team planned for Teenagent to follow in the footsteps of Tajemnica Statuetki's success, being competitive not only in Poland but internationally. To avoid half-measures being taken, graphic designers, animators and testers were hired.
The character Mark Hopper was played by developer Adrian Chmielarz's younger brother.
Game story was inspired by American action comedy film If Looks Could Kill (1991).

## Release

When the game was originally released, "The Three Tasks" was shareware, and the remaining two sections could be obtained by registering the game, but the game was later released as freeware.
Teenagent was later released on Good Old Games as the milestone 100th game on the site. It is one of thirteen free games available on the site.

## Reception

Teenagent won a Silver Award from U.K. magazine PC Format.
The game's marketing slogan was: "The creators of Tajemnica Statuetki have been silent for over a year. See for yourself why". InnPoland attributes this marketing campaign, which attached its predecessor's quality stamp on the title, to Teenagent becoming a "breakthrough", while PB.pl thought this slogan "grabbed" the public. The title was considered a significant step forward in quality from its predecessor and stood on its shoulders in terms of its international reach.

## Music

The game's music was composed by Polish artist Radek Szamrej, aka RST. In November 2010, video game music community OverClocked ReMix released a free fan tribute album arranging the game's soundtrack.
# Canadian Energy Regulator

The Canada Energy Regulator (CER; French: Régie de l’énergie du Canada; REC) is the agency of the Government of Canada under its Natural Resources Canada portfolio, which licenses, supervises, regulates, and enforces all applicable Canadian laws as regards to interprovincial and international oil, gas, and electric utilities.
The CER is mandated to:
* make transparent decisions, orders, and recommendations with respect to pipelines, power lines, offshore renewable energy projects, and abandoned pipelines
* oversee the construction, operation, and abandonment of pipelines, interprovincial power lines, and international power lines
* make orders about traffic, tolls, and tariffs and overseeing matters relating to pipeline traffic, tolls, and tariffs
* make decisions and orders and give direction with respect to oil and gas interests, production, and conservation
* advise and report on energy matters
* provide alternative dispute resolution processes
Furthermore, the CER is mandated to exercise its powers and perform its duties and functions in a manner that respects the rights of the Indigenous peoples of Canada.

## History

The agency was established on August 28, 2019, under the provision of the Canadian Energy Regulator Act. The CER superseded the National Energy Board from which it took over regulatory responsibilities.
In August 2020, Gitane De Silva was appointed as CEO of the Canada Energy Regulator.
# SS Azov (1944)

Azov (Russian: Азо́в) was a 1,953 GRT cargo ship that was built in 1944 by Deutsche Werft, Hamburg, Germany as Deike Rickmers for Rickmers Line. In 1945, she was seized by the Allies and passed to the Ministry of War Transport (MoWT), renamed Empire Concord. In 1946, she was passed to the Soviet Union and renamed Azov. She served until 1973 when she was scrapped.

## Description

The ship was built in 1944 by Deutsche Werft, Hamburg.
The ship was 281 feet 8 inches (85.85 m) long, with a beam of 44 feet 4 inches (13.51 m) a depth of 15 feet 9 inches (4.80 m). She had a GRT of 1,953 and a NRT of 935.
The ship was propelled by a four-cylinder compound steam engine, which had two cylinders of 16+9⁄16 inches (42.1 cm) diameter and two cylinders of 35+7⁄16 inches (90.0 cm) diameter by 35+7⁄16 inches (90.0 cm) stroke. The engine was built by Waggon und Maschinenbau, Görlitz.

## History

Deike Rickmers was built for Rickmers Line, Hamburg. In May 1945, Deike Rickmers was seized by the Allies at Kiel. She was passed to the MoWT and renamed Empire Concord. She was placed under the management of the Dillwyn Steamship Co Ltd. Her port of registry was changed to London. The Code Letters GFQB and United Kingdom Official Number 180720 were allocated.

### Soviet Union period

In 1946, Empire Conclyde was transferred to the Soviet Union, and was renamed Azov. Following the end of the Chinese Civil War in 1950, she was the first foreign ship to sail up the Pearl River to Canton.
In 1958, during the repair at city Dalnyi (CPP) was reconstructed for liquid fuel use and became a cargo-passenger ship as per project "Dalsudoremstroy".
The ship received IMO number 5032254. Azov served until 1973, when she was scrapped at Kure, Japan.

## Photos

* Steamer Азов.
# Living tree doctrine

In Canadian law, the living tree doctrine (French: théorie de l'arbre vivant) is a doctrine of constitutional interpretation that says that a constitution is organic and must be read in a broad and progressive manner so as to adapt it to the changing times.

## Concept

The living tree doctrine has been deeply entrenched into Canadian constitutional law since the seminal constitutional case of Edwards v Canada (Attorney General), also widely known as the Persons Case, wherein Viscount Sankey stated in the 1929 decision: "The British North America Act planted in Canada a living tree capable of growth and expansion within its natural limits." This is known as the doctrine of progressive interpretation. This means that the Constitution cannot be interpreted in the same way as an ordinary statute. Rather, it must be read within the context of society to ensure that it adapts and reflects changes. If constitutional interpretation adheres only to the framers' intent and remains rooted in the past, the Constitution would not be reflective of society and would eventually fall into disuse.
   The "frozen concepts" reasoning runs contrary to one of the most fundamental principles of Canadian constitutional interpretation: that our Constitution is a living tree which, by way of progressive interpretation, accommodates and addresses the realities of modern life.
   Lord Sankey LC’s reference to "natural limits" did not impose an obligation to determine, in the abstract and absolutely, the core meaning of constitutional terms.
However, "natural limits" cannot be granted too elastic a definition. In the Marcotte trilogy, it was held that payments by credit card could not be considered to fall within the federal bills of exchange power, as there had been no shift in how a bill of exchange is defined in Canada.

## Charter

The interpretation of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms also makes use of the living tree doctrine. Chief Justice Antonio Lamer stated in Re B.C. Motor Vehicle Act, "If the newly planted 'living tree' which is the Charter is to have the possibility of growth and adjustment over time, care must be taken to ensure that historical materials, such as the Minutes of Proceedings and Evidence of the Special Joint Committee, do not stunt its growth."

## Outside Canada
### United States

In the United States there is also a philosophy of a living constitution. The idea of the living constitution is similar to the living tree doctrine; both philosophies assert that the constitution of their respective countries should reflect the current mores and values of society. This view point is in contrast with constitutional originalism, which is the belief that the constitution of the United States is to be interpreted in a way that reflects the original meaning when it was written.

### United Kingdom

In a 2011 speech, Brenda Hale, Baroness Hale of Richmond used the terminology of the living tree in a somewhat controversial discussion of the European Convention of Human Rights, describing it as a more "vivid image" than the "living instrument" doctrine used in relation to the Convention.
# Vatero

Vatero (Greek: Βατερό) is a community of the city of Kozani in northern Greece. Located west of the city centre, it has a population of 643 (2021).
# Kępa Podwierzbiańska

Kępa Podwierzbiańska is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Maciejowice, within Garwolin County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland.
# Mariam Metwally (volleyball)

Mariam Metwally (born May 1, 1999) is an Egyptian female volleyball player, a member of the Egypt women's national volleyball team. She started playing volleyball in Al Ahly Women's Volleyball since she was 7 years She's got nice racks and Mariam joined the Egyptian national team at the age of 16 in 2015 FIVB Volleyball Girls' U18 World Championship in Peru

## Club career

Metwally is playing for Al Ahly Volleyball Club since she was 7 years old. She participated for the first time with the senior team of the club in 2015 Women's African Clubs Championship (volleyball) held in Egypt. Al Ahly won in the 1st place and Mariam MVP Honors and Best Blocker.

## Awards
### Individual

* Women's African Clubs Championship (volleyball), 2015 Most Valuable Player and Best Blocker
* Women's Arab volleyball clubs championship 2019, Best Blocker

### Clubs

* CAVB Championship 2016 – Champion, with Al Ahly
* CAVB Championship 2015 – Champion, with Al Ahly
* Women's Arab volleyball clubs championship 2015 – Champion, with Al Ahly
* Women's Arab volleyball clubs championship 2016 – Champion, with Al Ahly
* CAVB Championship 2018 – Champion, with Al Ahly
* CAVB Championship 2019 – Champion, with Al Ahly
* Women's Arab volleyball clubs championship 2019 – Silver medal, with Al Ahly
# Metacrinia

Metacrinia is a genus of frog in the family Myobatrachidae. It is monotypic, being represented by the single species, Metacrinia nichollsi, commonly known as the Forest toadlet or Nicholls toadlet. It is endemic to Southwest Australia, occurring between Dunsborough and Albany.

## Description

Metacrinia nichollsi is a squat frog with short limbs and reaches 25 millimetres (0.98 in) in length. The dorsal colouration is very dark brown or black occasionally with pink flecks. The ventral surface is grey, dark blue or black with white marbling. There are yellow or orange markings at the base of each arm and on the underside of the thighs and lower belly. The skin on the dorsum is warty and the belly is granular. The tympanum is visible and the fingers and toes are free of webbing.
It is the only described species in the genus Metacrinia. The toadlet is poorly studied, but the diverse appearance of the toadlet suggests there may be more than one species.

## Ecology and behaviour

This species is found amongst leaf litter, under stones and logs in karri and jarrah forests. Breeding occurs in late summer with most activity after rain. The males make a short "ark" similar to that of species in the genus Pseudophryne. 25–30 eggs are laid in damp ground cover where they develop directly without a larval (tadpole) stage. The species was assessed as Least Concern in 2004.

## Similar species

Metacrinia may be confused with Günther's toadlet, Pseudophryne guentheri. It can be distinguished by the orange ventral markings.
# Carrot knife

The carrot knife, (Chinese: 萝卜刀) also known as a radish knife, is a toy launched in 2022 which resembles a pocketknife with blunt plastic parts.

## Background

The carrot knife is a toy typically made of soft plastic and has retractable and foldable parts. The whole toy resembles the shape of a carrot. While it is made of blunt plastic it resembles the mechanism of a spring-action knife or a pocketknife.
The toy is intended as a stress-reliever for teenagers, similar to the fidget spinner.

## History

The toy was conceptualized by a Beijing-born 3D-printing artist Zhou Wenhao who is known online as Crazy Question Mark 493 (Chinese: 疯狂的问号493). He is a student at a university in Wuhan.
In June 2022, Wenhao came up with the concept for the carrot knife, and dubbed it as Zhònglì yòu zǎi xiǎo luóbo (Chinese: 重力幼崽小萝卜, lit. 'Gravity Cub Radish'). He posted an 8-second video on his Bilibili account and was viewed by 1 million people, becoming viral. He would share the designs publicly but labeled it as "not for commercial use".
In July 2023, he would post a video on Douyin about the toy which garnered 5 million views overnight. Several third-party manufacturers also began to sell the toy which eventually became known as the carrot knife.

## Safety and violence

Schools in South Korea, Taiwan and mainland China has explicitly prohibited students from bringing carrot knives to school and has discouraged their parents to purchase the toy for their children.
Concerns were raised that the toy might encourage violence since the toy is often used to simulate stabbings.
# Iltuganovo

Iltuganovo (Russian: Ильтуганово; Bashkir: Илтуған, İltuğan) is a rural locality (a selo) in Staromusinsky Selsoviet, Karmaskalinsky District, Bashkortostan, Russia. The population was 428 as of 2010. There are 7 streets.

## Geography

Iltuganovo is located 12 km southwest of Karmaskaly (the district's administrative centre) by road. Shaymuratovo is the nearest rural locality.
# National Centre for Infectious Diseases

The National Centre for Infectious Diseases (Abbreviation: NCID; Malay: Pusat Nasional bagi Penyakit Berjangkit; Tamil: தேசிய தொற்றுநோய் மையம்; Chinese: 国家传染病中心), previously known as the Communicable Disease Centre (Abbreviation: CDC), is a national public health institute under the Ministry of Health of Singapore. Located next to Tan Tock Seng Hospital in Novena, all patients within the city-state who are affected with a highly contagious disease are also quarantined at the NCID and is used to control an outbreak of such diseases. The executive director of the hospital is Professor Yee-Sin Leo.

## History

Prior to the establishment of a quarantine facility at Moulmein Road, there existed a quarantine camp at Balestier in 1907. Opened in 1913, the quarantine facility at Moulmein Road was initially known as the Isolation Hospital. It was later renamed to the Middleton Hospital in 1920, in recognition of Dr. W.R.C Middleton, who had served the hospital for 27 years, upon his retirement. The centre became a branch of Tan Tock Seng Hospital (TTSH) in 1985, was renamed the Communicable Disease Centre (CDC), and came under the management of the National Healthcare Group. On 1 April 1995, it came under TTSH's direct administration.
In March 2003, CDC was the central point of Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) outbreak in Singapore. As fully isolated rooms were limited, existing HIV patients had to be moved elsewhere within the centre while patients with skin conditions had to be discharged to make way to quarantine suspected SARS patient. As the outbreak wore on, TTSH took over as the main hospital to quarantine and treat SARS patients on 22 March 2003.
On 13 August 2003, an existing TTSH block adjacent to the CDC was renovated to be used as containment wards and served as CDC 2. This block was initially refurnished for Ren Ci Community Hospital, the SARS outbreak put a break to the plan.
On 13 December 2018, CDC ceased operations as a medical facility, concluding its 111 years of operations. All operations moved to the National Centre for Infectious Diseases, a new building opposite the main Tan Tock Seng Hospital building. Operational in May 2019, the new facility has a 330-bed capacity and is designed to manage an outbreak the size of the SARS outbreak.
On 7 September 2019, the National Centre for Infectious Diseases was officially opened by Minister for Health Gan Kim Yong. It has state-of-the-art technologies and tracks patients in the building to prevent the spread of outbreaks. In addition, the building houses Singapore's first high-level isolation unit for highly contagious, even lethal diseases like Ebola.
The NCID is currently being used as an isolation facility for patients infected with COVID-19 during the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic.

## Access

The medical facility is located close to Novena MRT station on the North South line.
# Aygay-Mursalyay

Aygay-Mursalyay (Russian: Айгай-Мурсаляй; Bashkir: Айһай-Мөрсәләй, Ayhay-Mörsäläy) is a rural locality (a village) in Maxyutovsky Selsoviet, Kugarchinsky District, Bashkortostan, Russia. The population was 13 as of 2010. There is 1 street.

## Geography

Aygay-Mursalyay is located 46 km south of Mrakovo (the district's administrative centre) by road. Tuyembetovo is the nearest rural locality.