OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# La Voulte-sur-Rhône

La Voulte-sur-Rhône (French pronunciation:, literally La Voulte on Rhône; Occitan: La Vòuta) is a commune in the Ardèche department in southern France.

## Population

| Year | Pop. | ±% p.a. |
| 1793 | 1,168 | — |
| 1800 | 1,369 | +2.29% |
| 1806 | 1,261 | −1.36% |
| 1821 | 1,419 | +0.79% |
| 1831 | 1,920 | +3.07% |
| 1836 | 2,189 | +2.66% |
| 1841 | 2,459 | +2.35% |
| 1846 | 3,155 | +5.11% |
| 1851 | 3,153 | −0.01% |
| 1856 | 3,045 | −0.69% |
| 1861 | 3,285 | +1.53% |
| 1866 | 3,160 | −0.77% |
| 1872 | 3,534 | +1.88% |
| 1876 | 4,615 | +6.90% |
| 1881 | 4,958 | +1.44% |
| 1886 | 4,219 | −3.18% |
| 1891 | 3,148 | −5.69% |
| 1896 | 2,604 | −3.72% |
| Year | Pop. | ±% p.a. |
| 1901 | 2,738 | +1.01% |
| 1906 | 2,651 | −0.64% |
| 1911 | 2,760 | +0.81% |
| 1921 | 3,043 | +0.98% |
| 1926 | 4,032 | +5.79% |
| 1931 | 4,326 | +1.42% |
| 1936 | 3,113 | −6.37% |
| 1946 | 4,047 | +2.66% |
| 1954 | 4,489 | +1.30% |
| 1962 | 5,537 | +2.66% |
| 1968 | 5,978 | +1.29% |
| 1975 | 5,892 | −0.21% |
| 1982 | 5,297 | −1.51% |
| 1990 | 5,116 | −0.43% |
| 1999 | 5,168 | +0.11% |
| 2007 | 4,993 | −0.43% |
| 2012 | 5,115 | +0.48% |
| 2017 | 4,987 | −0.51% |
Source: EHESS and INSEE (1968-2017) :

## Lagerstätte

La Voulte-sur-Rhône is a marine Lagerstätte (sedimentary deposit) located in France. It is Middle Jurassic (Callovian) in age, and is known for the variety of fossils it produces, including cephalopods, such as Proteroctopus ribeti, Rhomboteuthis lehmani, and Vampyronassa rhodanica. Fossilized cephalopods are rare, and Voulte-sur-Rhône is prized among paleontologists as one of only a few known localities known to produce such cephalopod fossils. Fossil preservation is by pyrite, a geologically rare process. Other sites with pyrite preserved fossils are Beecher's Trilobite Bed and the Hunsrück Slate. Also found at the site are ophiuroids, crustaceans, fish, and other pyritized specimens. The exceptional preservation of the fossils at this site is most likely due to the result of oxygen deficient water at the time of the deposition of the fossils, and possibly repeated sediment blanketing.
# Behind the Museum Café

Behind the Museum Café is a cafe with two locations in Portland, Oregon, United States. Owner Tomoe Horibuchi opened the original restaurant in 2011 and followed with a second in 2019.

## Description

The original cafe, located west of the Portland Art Museum serves coffee, tea and Japanese small plates, including baguette sandwiches, sweets, onigiri, and otsumami. The drink menu includes espresso, iced coffees, lattes, and other milk drinks; tea options include matcha and hōjicha lattes. A second location in the former Guild Theatre serves matcha and homemade sweets.
Walker MacMurdo of Willamette Week described the cafe as "inconspicuous" and "a microcosm of Japanese culture: a one-stop shop for imported antiques and kimonos and contemporary ceramics, pottery, calligraphy and art in the Japanese tradition". The newspaper has said, "Antique jewelry boxes, kimonos and kokeshi dolls line the walls, and the mix of PSU students, museumgoers and fortunate wanderers seated within are never in a rush to leave."

## History

The original Behind the Museum opened in a former Boyd's cafe in 2011. In 2019, owner Tomoe Horibuchi confirmed plans to open a second location called Book of Tea Café in the Japanese bookstore Kinokuniya, within the former Guild Theatre. The second location opened on August 21, 2019.

## Reception

In The Oregonian's 2017 list of the ten best coffee shops in downtown Portland, Samantha Bakall described the Behind the Museum as "a serene, almost monastic coffee shop lined with Japanese art and ceramics" and wrote, "Behind the Museum Cafe is one of our favorite cafes in the city. With its high, airy ceilings and lengthy menu of Japanese teas, temple-style snacks and Extracto coffee drinks, it's the perfect place to have a relaxing cup of matcha or catch up on work."
Seiji Nanbu included the cafe in Eater Portland's 2020 list of "where to find mesmerizing matcha treats in Portland and beyond". The business was also included in Eater Portland's 2022 overview of "where to eat and drink in downtown Portland".
# Ahmadabad-e Razavi

Ahmadabad-e Razavi (Persian: احمدابادرضوي, also Romanized as Aḩmadābād-e Raẕavī; also known as Aḩmadābād and Allahābād) is a village in Eslamiyeh Rural District, in the Central District of Rafsanjan County, Kerman Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 564, in 128 families.
# Norwegian County Road 542

County Road 542 (Norwegian: Fylkesvei 542) is a 19.7 kilometers (12.2 mi) long county road in Vestland county, Norway. The road is located in Stord Municipality and Bømlo Municipality. It connects the islands of Bømlo to the island of Føyno in Stord via part of the Triangle Link. County Road 542 contains two mayor bridges, the Bømla Bridge and Spissøy Bridge.

## History

Before 1 January 2010, the route was a Norwegian national road, known as National Road 542 (Riksvei 542). It was redesignated a county road after the regional reform of national roads.
# Cliomegalaria

Cliomegalaria is a fungal genus in the family Ramalinaceae. It comprises the single species Cliomegalaria symmictoides, a corticolous (bark-dwelling), crustose lichen found in the Azores.

## Taxonomy

Both the genus and species were described in 2019 by the lichenologists Pieter van den Boom and Pablo Alvarado. The type specimen was collected from Faial Island, on the east side of the island's centre, in the Botanical Garden of Faial. The genus name alludes to its relationship with the genera Cliostomum and Megalaria. The species epithet refers to the resemblance to Lecanora symmicta.

## Description

Cliomegalaria symmictoides produces small reproductive structures (apothecia) that measure 0.2–0.6 mm in diameter. These apothecia are slightly rounded on top (convex) and have a pale colouration ranging from cream to light yellow-brown, sometimes featuring distinctive small bluish spots scattered across their surface. The rim or margin around each apothecium is barely noticeable and eventually disappears as the structure matures.
When examined microscopically, the apothecia show several distinctive features. The outer protective layer (excipulum) is made up of elongated cells arranged in a radiating pattern, with individual cells measuring 1.5–2 micrometres (μm) wide, occasionally reaching 2.5 μm. The fungal spores (ascospores) are elliptical in shape and relatively large, measuring 10–15 μm long (sometimes up to 18) and 4.5–6.5 μm wide. Each spore has a thick wall and is divided into two cells by a central wall (septum). The species also produces very small, spherical reproductive cells called conidia, which are translucent (hyaline) and measure just 1–2 μm in diameter.
Chemical analysis shows that the lichen produces stictic acid as its main secondary metabolite, which is used for species identification.
# I Signed the Petition

I Signed the Petition is a Palestinian short documentary film with a duration of 11 minutes, directed by Mahdi Fleifel and produced in 2018. The film addresses a significant political issue from the director's personal experience, namely the solidarity with Palestinians through signing a petition calling for a cultural boycott of Israel.

## Plot

The film revolves around a phone call between the director and his friend after he signed a petition calling for a cultural boycott of Israel. This petition is related to the Boycott, Divestment and Sanctions (BDS) movement. The conversation reveals the psychological and social pressures individuals face when taking political stances. Through the call, Fleifel expresses his conflicting emotions and anxiety about the repercussions of this action on his professional and personal life.

## Awards and nominations

The film won the Best Short Documentary Award at the International Documentary Film Festival Amsterdam, and was nominated for European Film Award for Best Short Film at the 31st European Film Awards in 2018.

## Themes

The film aims to provide insight into the Israeli–Palestinian conflict, and raises questions about the meaning of solidarity and its actual impact on both personal and political levels. It discusses the internal and external tension felt by individuals who support justice causes, the effectiveness of the BDS movement in bringing real change, and the risks associated with it. The film concludes by emphasizing the psychological and social complexities of taking political stances, as many have to balance their personal convictions with the fear of consequences.
# Rohov (Opava District)

Rohov (German: Rohow) is a municipality and village in Opava District in the Moravian-Silesian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 600 inhabitants. It is part of the historic Hlučín Region.

## History

The first written mention of Rohov is from 1349.
# Idara-e-Shariah

Idara-e-Shariah, (Urdu: ادارہ شریعہ) (Hindi: इदारा इ शरिया), is a socio-religious organization of Indian Muslims associated with the Ahle Sunnat wal Jamaat (Barelvi) movement. Its headquarter is situated in Sultanganj, Patna, Bihar. It was established in 1968 to deal with problems of personal matters of the Indian Muslims. It has branches in Uttar Pradesh, Jharkhand, Chhattisgarh, Orissa, Punjab and West Bengal.
Idara has a great influence over the lacs of masses. It is responsible for moon sighting and declaration of Islamic festivals in these states. It is considered as the highest socio-religious body of Muslims in Jharkhand, Patna, Ludhiana etc.
The President of Idara e Shariah of Bihar, Jharkhand, Punjab are Maulana Gulam Rasool Balyawi, Maulana Qutbuddin Razvi, Maulana Faruque Alam Razvi respectively.

## Functions

The other important activity of Idara-e-Shariah is Darul Qaza, or informal Islamic courts, where the cases are heard and out of court settlement is being given in cases related to Personal Law. Idara-e-Shariah. Darul Ifta is also an important part of Idara-e-Shariah where legal opinions are given according to Quran and Hadees in various matters related to Muslims. Idara-e-Shariah has a Department of Education which is an umbrella body of thousands of Primary religious schools. The chief general secretary of Idara-E-Sharia, Maulana Qutubuddin Razwi in Jharkhand.
Sanaullah Rizvi is chief administrator of Idara-e-Sharia, Bihar Idara-e Shariah also guides the Muslim community during elections. It normally issues appeals and statements indicating their voting preferences to their followers at election time. Idara-e-Sharia at Firangi Mahali, Lucknow proposed to inform Muslims in Uttar Pradesh to keep preparations for the documents required for the National Register of Citizens (NRC).

## Skill Development training

Idara-e-Sharia Khajur Banna in Patna was selected by the Ministry of Minority Affairs, Govt. of India to provide skill development training center.

## Leadership

| Leader | State | Post |
| Maulana Gulam Rasool Balyawi | Bihar | President |
| Maulana Qutubuddin Razvi | Jharkhand | President |
| Maulana Farooque Alam Razvi | Punjab | President |
| Syed Raees Ashraf Jilani | Chhattisgarh | President |
| Maulana Affan Atiq Firangi Maheli | Odisha | General Secretary |

## Branches

In March 2014, The Government of Jharkhand had approved opening of 8 Darul Ifta under Idara-e-Shariah in the State.
* Jama Masjid Baghadadia, Kharsavan
* Anjuman Islamia, Lohardaga
* Chhoti Masjid Navatoli, Daltonganj
# Goura, Corinthia

Goura (Greek: Γκούρα) is a settlement in Corinthia, Greece. It is located at an altitude of 950 metres on the western slopes of Mount Zireia in the valley of the river Olvios, 91 kilometres south-west of Corinth. The village is named after the hero of the Greek War of Independence, Nikolaos Oikonomou-Gouras. His house, along with those of fellow-fighters Sarlis and Mourtis, still stands.
# Karpero

Karpero (Greek: Καρπερό, before 1927: Δημηνίτσα – Diminitsa) is a village and a community of the Deskati municipality. Before the 2011 local government reform it was part of the municipality of Chasia, of which it was a municipal district. The 2021 census recorded 763 inhabitants in the community. The community of Karpero covers an area of 78.072 km$^2$.
The 1920 Greek census recorded 274 people in the village. Following the Greek–Turkish population exchange, Greek refugee families in Karpero were from Pontus (69) in 1926. The 1928 Greek census recorded 463 village inhabitants. In 1928, the refugee families numbered 68 (231 people).

## Administrative division

The community of Karpero consists of two separate settlements:
* Dimitra (population 306 as of 2021)
* Karpero (population 457)
Former villages:
* Elafi
# Marianka, Gmina Kałuszyn

Marianka is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Kałuszyn, within Mińsk County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland.
# Cales (river)

Cales or Kales (Ancient Greek: Κάλης), also Calles or Kalles (Κάλλης), was a river of ancient Bithynia. At its mouth was the town of Cales, located 120 stadia east of Elaeus. This seems to be the river which Thucydides calls Calex (Κάληξ), at the mouth of which Lamachus lost his ships, which were anchored there, owing to a sudden rise of the river. Thucydides places the Calex in the Heracleotis, which agrees very well with the position of the Cales. Lamachus and his troops were compelled to walk along the coast to Chalcedon. Pliny the Elder mentions a river Alces in Bithynia, which it has been conjectured, may be a corruption of Calex.
It is identified with the modern Alaplı Su in Asiatic Turkey.
# James K. Okubo

James Kazuo Okubo (Japanese: 大久保 和男, May 30, 1920 – January 29, 1967) was a United States Army soldier. He was a posthumous recipient of the Medal of Honor for his actions in World War II.

## Early life

Okubo was born in Anacortes, Washington. and graduated from Bellingham High School. His parents were Japanese immigrant parents. He was a Nisei, which means that he was a second generation Japanese-American.
Following the signing of Executive Order 9066, the Okubo family was interned at the Tule Lake War Relocation Center in California; and then they relocated to the camp at Heart Mountain in Wyoming.

## Military service

Okubo joined the US Army in May 1943.
Okubo volunteered to be part of the all-Nisei 442nd Regimental Combat Team. This army unit was mostly made up of Japanese Americans from Hawaii and the mainland.
For his actions in October 1944, Okubo was awarded the Army's third-highest decoration, the Silver Star. After the war, he became a dentist in Detroit, and was killed in a car accident on January 29, 1967.
In the 1990s, there was a review of service records of Asian Americans who received the Silver Star during World War II. Okubo's award was one of those upgraded to the Medal of Honor and in a ceremony at the White House, on June 21, 2000, the formal presentation was made by President Bill Clinton. Twenty-one other Asian Americans also received the nation's highest military honor during the ceremony, but unfortunately, only seven were still alive to receive it.
Okubo's Medal of Honor recognized his conduct in frontline fighting in eastern France in 1944.
The words of Okubo's citation explain:
   Technician Fifth Grade James K. Okubo distinguished himself by extraordinary heroism in action on 28 and 29 October and 4 November 1944, in the Foret Domaniale de Champ, near Biffontaine, eastern France. On 28 October, under strong enemy fire coming from behind mine fields and roadblocks, Technician Fifth Grade Okubo, a medic, crawled 150 yards to within 40 yards of the enemy lines. Two grenades were thrown at him while he left his last covered position to carry back wounded comrades. Under constant barrages of enemy small arms and machine gun fire, he treated 17 men on 28 October and 8 more men on 29 October. On 4 November, Technician Fifth Grade Okubo ran 75 yards under grazing machine gun fire and, while exposed to hostile fire directed at him, evacuated and treated a seriously wounded crewman from a burning tank, who otherwise would have died. Technician Fifth Grade James K. Okubo's extraordinary heroism and devotion to duty are in keeping with the highest traditions of military service and reflect great credit on him, his unit, and the United States Army.

## Namesake

Okubo is the namesake of the Okubo Family Health Clinic at Joint Base Lewis-McChord in Washington.
The Okubo Barracks at the Fort Sam Houston in Texas are named after the Nisei soldier. The barracks are now used for wounded soldiers.
# 1857 in New Zealand

"none" is preferred when the title is sufficiently descriptive
The following lists events that happened during 1857 in New Zealand.

## Population

The estimated population of New Zealand at the end of 1857 is 57,150 Māori and 49,802 non-Māori.

## Incumbents
### Regal and viceregal

* Head of State – Queen Victoria
* Governor – Colonel Thomas Gore Browne

### Government and law

The 2nd Parliament continues.
* Speaker of the House – Sir Charles Clifford
* Premier – Edward Stafford.
* Minister of Finance – William Richmond
* Chief Justice – William Martin resigns on 12 June. Hon George Arney is appointed on 2 September but does not arrive until the next year.

## Events

* 7 February: The Auckland Register begins publishing. It ends in 1862.
* 14 May: The Taranaki News publishes its first issue. It becomes the Taranaki Daily News in 1885, and continues to publish today.
* 24 September: The Hawke's Bay Herald and Ahuriri Advocate publishes its first issue. It becomes the Hawke's Bay Herald in 1858. The paper publishes weekly at first, becomes bi-weekly in 1861, and then daily in 1871. In 1937 it will merge with another paper to form the Hawke's Bay Herald-Tribune.
* 23 October: The Colonist publishes its first issue, in Nelson. The newspaper is published until 1920, when it is incorporated into The Nelson Evening Mail.

## Sport
### Horse racing

Two existing clubs combine to form the Auckland Racing Club. The ARC holds its first meeting at Ellerslie Racecourse. (see also 1874)

## Births

* 20 August: James Carroll, politician.
* 10 September: William Barber, Mayor of Wellington and politician.

## Deaths

* 16 July: Gilbert Mair, sailor and merchant trader

### Unknown date

* Makea Te Vaerua Ariki, sovereign of the Cook Islands
* John Guard, one of the first European settlers in the South Island
# Anemonia

Anemonia is a genus of sea anemones belonging to the family Actiniidae.

## Species

The following 21 species are recognized:
* Anemonia alicemartinae Häussermann & Försterra, 2001
* Anemonia antilliensis Pax, 1924
* Anemonia cereus Contarini, 1844
* Anemonia chubutensis Zamponi et Acuña, 1992
* Anemonia clavata (Milne Edwards, 1857)
* Anemonia crystallina (Hemprich et Ehrenberg in Ehrenberg, 1834)
* Anemonia depressa Duchassaing de Fonbressin et Michelotti, 1860
* Anemonia elegans Verrill, 1901
* Anemonia erythraea (Hemprich et Ehrenberg in Ehrenberg, 1834)
* Anemonia gracilis (Quoy et Gaimard, 1833)
* Anemonia hemprichi (Klunzinger, 1877)
* Anemonia indica Parulekar, 1968
* Anemonia insessa Gravier, 1918
* Anemonia manjano Carlgren, 1900
* Anemonia melanaster (Verrill, 1901)
* Anemonia milneedwardsii (Milne Edwards, 1857)
* Anemonia mutabilis Verrill, 1928
* Anemonia natalensis Carlgren, 1938
* Anemonia sargassensis Hargitt, 1908
* Anemonia sulcata (Pennant, 1777)
* Anemonia viridis (Snakelocks anemone) (Forskål, 1775)
# Royal Audiencia of Guadalajara

The Real Audiencia of Guadalajara (or Real Audiencia de Nueva Galicia), was the highest tribunal of the Spanish crown in what is today northern Mexico and the southwestern United States in the Viceroyalty of New Spain. It was created by royal decree on February 13, 1548, and was originally located in Compostela and permanently seated in Guadalajara in 1560. Its president was the chief political and executive officer of the district, subordinated only to the Viceroy.

## Structure

Law VII (Audiencia y Chancillería Real de Guadalaxara de la Galicia en Nueva España) of Title XV (De las Audiencias y Chancillerias Reales de las Indias) of Book II of the Recopilación de Leyes de las Indias of 1680—which compiles the decrees of February 13, 1548; May 26, 1574; and May 3, 1575—describes the limits and functions of the Audiencia.
   In the city of Guadalajara of New Galicia shall reside another Royal Audiencia and Chancellery of ours, with a president, and four judges of civil cases [oidores], who will also be judges of criminal cases [alcaldes del crimen]; a crown attorney [fiscal]; a bailiff [alguacil mayor]; a lieutenant of the Gran Chancellor; and the other necessary ministers and officials; and which shall have for district the Province of New Galicia, those of Culiacán, Copala, Colima, Zacatula, and the towns of Avalos, sharing borders: in the east with the Audiencia of New Spain; in the south with the South Sea; and in the west and north with provinces not yet discovered nor pacified; and the president of said Audiencia of Guadalajara, and not the oidores, shall have the government (gobernación) of its district, and in his absence said Audience of Guadalajara, regardless of whatever decrees in which participation in the government along with the presidents had been conceded to the oidores, which we revoke and annul. And we order that this law of ours be kept, as it is in it contained, and in regards to the government of war and the treasury, the orders, which we have given, be kept.
Law XXXXVII, of the same book and title, reproduced the Decree of Philip III of January 30, 1600, which mandated that when the office of viceroy was vacant, the Audiencia of Mexico became the acting viceroy, directly governing the provinces under its judicial jurisdiction, and oversaw the district of the Guadalajara Audiencia in administrative matters.
# Southwestern Regional Football Association

The Regional Football Association South West (German: Fußball-Regional-Verband Südwest), the FRVS, is one of five regional organisations of the German Football Association, the DFB, and covers the states of Rhineland-Palatinate and Saarland.

## Overview

The association was formed on 3 August 1950 as the Fußball-Verband Rheinland-Pfalz when the South West German Football Association left the Southern German Football Association in mutual consent over a dispute over whether the Oberliga should be played in one or two regional divisions. It was renamed on 11 July 1956 to Fußball-Verband Rheinland-Pfalz-Saar before receiving its current name on 12 July 1958.
The FRVS is in turn subdivided into the Rhineland Football Association, South West German Football Association and the Saarland Football Association.
Fourth-tier clubs in the region play at the Regionalliga Südwest, whereas fifth-tier clubs play in the Oberliga Rheinland-Pfalz/Saar.
In 2017, the FRVS had 514,692 members, 2,455 member clubs and 11,496 teams playing in its league system.
# Saint-Michel-de-Lapujade

Saint-Michel-de-Lapujade (French pronunciation:; Occitan: Sent Miquèu de la Pujada) is a commune in the Gironde department in Nouvelle-Aquitaine in southwestern France.
# Marianowo, Przasnysz County

Marianowo is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Krzynowłoga Mała, within Przasnysz County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately 3 kilometres (2 mi) south-east of Krzynowłoga Mała, 16 km (10 mi) north of Przasnysz, and 105 km (65 mi) north of Warsaw.
During Nazi Occupation it was part of New Berlin military training area