OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Château Giscours

45°00′31″N 0°38′46″W﻿ / ﻿45.00870°N 0.64605°W﻿ / 45.00870; -0.64605
Château Giscours is a winery in the Margaux appellation of the Bordeaux region of France. The wine produced here was classified as one of fourteen Troisièmes Crus (Third Growths) in the Bordeaux Wine Official Classification of 1855.

## History

The first written reference to the domain of Giscours, a deed confirming the sale of the estate, dates from 1330 and refers to a fortified keep. Records of Giscours' vineyards go back to 1552 when Seigneur de la Bastide sold it to Pierre de l'Horme. Prior to the French Revolution Giscours belonged to the Saint-Simon family before it was confiscated from Claude-Anne de Rouvroy de Saint Simon, and then bought by two Americans in 1793, John Gray and Jonathan Davis of Boston.
Several owners followed, and Giscours' great era began with the purchase of the property by the banker Count de Pescatore in 1845, who in 1847 hired Pierre Skawinski to manage his estate. Skawinski proved to be one of the great agriculturalists of Médoc in the 19th century, in 1860 the inventor of a plough which bears his name, and a pioneer in the fight against mildew, he was instrumental in making Giscours one of the most reputable third growths. Skawinski managed the estate for 50 years, also during the following ownership by the Cruse family, the estate's most successful period. The family sold Giscours in 1913, and many difficult years followed.
In 1954 the estate was purchased by Nicolas Tari, formerly a large-scale winemaker in Algeria, who restored and enlarged the property, making it one of the most productive estates in the Médoc.
In 1976, the then-owner of the château and President of the Union des Grands Crus de Bordeaux, Pierre Tari, was selected as one of 11 judges to take part in the "Judgment of Paris" wine competition.
In 1995, Château Giscours' wine growing business activities were acquired by Eric Albada Jelgersma.

## Production

From an estate of nearly 400 hectares, the Giscours planted vineyard area extends 80 hectares spread out over several plots. The composition of grape varieties is 53% Cabernet Sauvignon, 42% Merlot and the remainder Cabernet Franc and Petit Verdot.
Of the Grand vin Chateau Giscours there is annually produced 25,000 cases, and of the second wine La Sirène de Giscours there is typically produced 10,000 cases.
A 40 hectare plot of vines adjacent to Giscours outside the Margaux boundary is bottled as Le Haut Médoc de Giscours. Other wines produced by the estate include Château Dutheil and Château Houringe, both Haut-Médoc cru bourgeois properties, the former is vinified at Giscours, the latter is since 1982 operated on a lease.

## Cricket

Château Giscours is the home ground of the Bordeaux Giscours Cricket Club, participants in the Aquitaine Division of the French National League and current National Champions.
# Shahid (actor)

Shahid Hameed (Punjabi, Urdu: شاہِد حمِید), known simply as Shahid, is a Pakistani film actor who starred in many films of the 1970s and 1980s.
His first film was Aansoo, released in 1971. He worked in more than 150 films. Shahid quit working in films as a result of sub-standard film production in Pakistan film industry after he worked ZOR which was released in 1998. He made his comeback with film Wujood (2018) after a hiatus of 20 years.

## Personal life

Shahid's first wife, to whom he has been married for some 50 years, and to whom he remains married, is Begum Munaza Shahid. They were both very young when they were married, and the match was arranged by their families in the usual South Asian manner. They are blessed with three sons, Kamran, Imran and Zaheer. Their son Kamran Shahid is a noted TV anchor and hosts a show on the Duniya News (Pakistan) TV channel called On The Front with Kamran Shahid.
After the first marriage, Shahid also married actress Zamurrad and Babra Sharif but the marriages were unsuccessful.

## Filmography

* Yeh Aman (1971)
* Tehzeeb (1971)
* Umrao Jan Ada (1972)
* Thah (1972)- Punjabi language film
* Baharon Ki Manzil (1973)
* Anmol (1973)
* Deedar (1974)
* Naukar Wohti Da (1974)
* Bin Badal Barsaat (1975)
* Tere Mere Sapne (1975)
* Aik Gunnah Aur Sahi (1975)
* Zeenat (1975)
* Shabana (1976)
* Suraiya Bhopali (1976)
* Begum Jaan (1977)
* Shama-e-Mohabbat (1977) (credited as Shahid Hameed)
* Seeta Maryam Margaret (1978)
* Mr. Ranjha (1979)
* Khushboo (1979)
* Aap Ki Khatir (1980)
* Chotay Nawab (1980)
* Bara Aadmi (1981)
* Mirza Jat (1982)
* Do Hathkadian (1985)
* Chan Punjab Da (1988)
* Wujood (2018)

## Awards and recognition

* Nigar Award for Best Actor in film Shabana (1976)
* Nigar Award for Best Supporting Actor in film Deedar (1974)
# Baliran

Baliran (Persian: بليران, also Romanized as Baleyrān) known as Baliran is a village in Dasht-e Sar Rural District, Dabudasht District, Amol County, Mazandaran Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 101, in 25 families.

## Gallery

* Jungle
* Jungle
* Yellow Flowers and Jungle
* River
# Khun Chae National Park

Khun Chae National Park (Thai: อุทยานแห่งชาติขุนแจ) is a national park in Chiang Rai Province, Thailand. This rugged park is home to high mountains and waterfalls.

## Geography

Khun Chae National Park is located about 100 kilometres (60 mi) northeast of Chiang Mai in the Wiang Pa Pao district of Chiang Rai Province. The park's area is 168,750 rai ~ 270 square kilometres (100 sq mi). Khun Chae Park is located in the Khun Tan Range and is home to the range's highest peak, Doi Lang Ka at 2,031 metres (6,660 ft). The park adjoins two other national parks: Chae Son National Park and Mae Takhrai National Park.

## Attractions

While Doi Lang Ka is the park's highest peak, another high peak, Doi Mot at 1,700 metres (5,580 ft), offers views to both the cities of Chiang Mai and Chiang Rai.
Waterfalls include the park namesake Khun Chae, a six-level waterfall, and Mae Tho, a seven-level waterfall about 40 metres (130 ft) high.
A giant ficus tree is located near the park headquarters. The tree continues to grow and as of 2006 had covered an area of more than 1,600 square metres (17,000 sq ft).

## Flora and fauna

The park features numerous forest types, depending on altitude, including bamboo forest, deciduous dipterocarp forest, pine forest, rainforest and evergreen forest.
Animal species include Asiatic black bear, Siamese hare, serow, barking deer, hog badger, slow loris, white-handed gibbon, leopard cat and wild boar. Reptiles include king cobra, geckos and skinks.
Avian life includes scarlet minivet, red junglefowl, shikra, ashy drongo, white-crowned forktail, brown fish owl, crested serpent eagle, velvet-fronted nuthatch, blue-throated barbet, coppersmith barbet and blue-winged leafbird.

## Location

* Khun Chae National Park in overview PARO 15 (Chiang Rai)
* 3) Khun Chae National Park in overview PARO 15 (Chiang Rai)
* National park
* 1Doi Luang
* 2Doi Phu Nang
* 3Khun Chae
* 4Lam Nam Kok
* 5Mae Puem
* 6Phu Chi Fa
* 7Phu Sang
* 8Tham Luang– Khun Nam Nang Non
* Wildlife sanctuary
* 9Doi Pha Chang
* 10Wiang Lo
* Non-hunting area
* 11Chiang Saen
* 12Doi Insi
* 13Don Sila
* 14Khun Nam Yom
* 15Mae Chan
* 16Mae Tho
* 17Nong Bong Khai
* 18Nong Leng Sai
* 19Thap Phaya Lo
* 20Wiang Chiang Rung
* 21Wiang Thoeng
* Forest park
* 22Doi Hua Mae Kham
* 23Huai Nam Chang
* 24Huai Sai Man
* 25Namtok Huai Mae Sak
* 26Namtok Huai Tat Thong
* 27Namtok Khun Nam Yab
* 28Namtok Mae Salong
* 29Namtok Nam Min
* 30Namtok Si Chomphu
* 31Namtok Tat Khwan
* 32Namtok Tat Sairung
* 33Namtok Tat Sawan
* 34Namtok Wang Than Thong
* 35Phaya Phiphak
* 36Rong Kham Luang
* 37San Pha Phaya Phrai
* 38Tham Pha Lae
# Pakistan Medal

The Pakistan Medal (Urdu: تمغہِ پاکستان, romanized: Tamgha-e-Pakistan) was established by King George VI in 1949 as a commemorative medal. The medal commemorates service during the period just before and after the creation of the independent Dominion of Pakistan on 14 August 1947. Most recipients were members of the armed forces of Pakistan, including attached British personnel.
The medal is made of cupronickel and is 1.4 in (36 mm) in diameter. The obverse has the Royal cypher of King George VI surrounded by the inscription GEORGIVS VI D:G:BR:OMN:REX. The reverse shows the flag of Pakistan surrounded by a wreath, with inscriptions in Urdu above and below. The 1.25 in (32 mm) ribbon is dark green with a narrow central stripe of white, the colours on the flag of Pakistan. The name and details of the recipient were impressed on the edge of the medal.
# Denny's paradox

In biology, Denny's paradox refers to the apparent impossibility of surface-dwelling animals such as the water strider generating enough propulsive force to move. It is named after biologist Mark Denny, and relates to animal locomotion on the surface layer of water.
If capillary waves are assumed to generate the momentum transfer to the water, the animal's legs must move faster than the phase speed $c_{m}$ of the waves, given by
    $c_{m}=\left({\frac {4g\sigma }{\rho }}\right)^{1/4},$
where $g$ is the acceleration due to gravity, $\sigma$ is the strength of surface tension, and $\rho$ the density of water. For standard conditions, this works out to be about 0.23 m/s. In fact, water striders' legs move at speeds much less than this and, according to this physical picture, cannot move.
Writing in the Journal of Fluid Mechanics, David Hu and John Bush state that Denny's paradox "rested on two flawed assumptions. First, water striders' motion was assumed to rely on the generation of capillary waves, since the propulsive force was thought to be that associated with wave drag on the driving leg. Second, in order to generate capillary waves, it was assumed that the strider leg speed must exceed the minimum wave speed, $c_{m}=\left(4g\sigma /\rho \right)^{1/4}\simeq 0.23\mathrm {m/s}$. We note that this second assumption is strictly true only for steady motions".
# Ida Carmelitta

Ida Carmelitta or Farheen Ida Carmelitta Laila Figerardo was a minority Sri Lankan Tamil woman who was gang raped and killed on 12 July 1999 and became a cause célèbre of the Sri Lankan civil war.

## Incident

According to her mother Sebastiana Figerardo, Ida Carmelita at the age of seventeen, joined the rebel LTTE group for four years after two of her brothers were murdered by government-aligned militias. She eventually left the rebel group. She had surrendered to the Sri Lankan police about a month before her murder.
On the night of July 12, 1999 five men broke into her mother's house, and, after tying up the occupants, proceeded to gang rape and kill her. The incident happened in the town of Pallimunai, in the Mannar district. In his report, the coroner in Mannar documented evidence of rape and sexual violence, including bites on her breasts and lips. She had been shot through her vagina.
Following her death, Ida's two brothers and sisters eventually fled to a refugee camp in India. Her mother initially stayed behind, determined to bring her daughter's killers to justice. However, she also left when Kumar Ponnambalam, the lawyer handling the case, was killed in Colombo in January 2000. Her murder attracted widespread media attention in Sri Lanka and elsewhere.

## Government investigation

Two of the suspects had been recognized by a neighbour and another by the brother of the victim before he fled to India. A corporal and a soldier of the Sri Lankan Army were identified at an identification parade by witnesses and taken into custody. However, after two key witnesses were threatened and subsequently fled to India, the case is no longer proceeding. The suspects have been released on bail.
Various witnesses testified at hearings held during the year. During the year, investigations conducted into the case found that the weapons used in the killing belonged to army personnel. Forensic experts have confirmed that the bullets used in Ida’s murder correspond to those usually used by the army.

## Related to the incident

Napoleon Figerardo, a brother of Carmelita who was about to be deported to Sri Lanka from an Indian refugee camp, was given a reprieve because of the actions of Human Rights groups. According to JRS South Asia reports,
   Human rights groups claim he is on the hit list of both the army and the rebels in Sri Lanka, so he will be killed if he returns.
His family has a history of violent deaths. Two of the brothers were killed in 1995 by rival Tamil militant groups.
# Mount McGuire (Alberta)

Mount McGuire is a mountain located in the Sunwapta River Valley of Jasper National Park, in Alberta, Canada.
The mountain was named in 1971 after Fenton John Alexander "Mickey" McGuire, who served as a warden in the park for 34 years and ended his career as chief park warden.

## Geology

Mount McGuire is composed of sedimentary rock laid down during the Cambrian period and pushed east and over the top of younger rock during the Laramide orogeny.

## Climate

Based on the Köppen climate classification, Mount McGuire is located in a subarctic climate with cold, snowy winters, and mild summers. Winter temperatures can drop below -20 °C with wind chill factors below -30 °C.
# A Fleeting Moment in My Country

A Fleeting Moment in My Country: The Last Years of the LTTE De-Facto State is a book by Dr N. Malathy who did her PhD in the University of Canterbury in New Zealand. She spent four years from 2005 till 2009 in the then rebel LTTE administered Vanni de facto state as the secretary of the North East Secretariat on Human Rights and thereafter in the LTTE Peace Secretariat. The book deals with experiences of her work in a human rights body, a women's organization, and an orphanage. The life in the rebel held areas and brutal end to the Sri Lankan Civil War in which thousands of Tamils died.
# Khalfian

Khalfian (Persian: خلفيان, also Romanized as Khalfīān) is a village in Qeshlaq Rural District, in the Central District of Ahar County, East Azerbaijan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 360, in 71 families.
# Denis Miéville

Denis Miéville (15 September 1946 – 27 October 2018) was a Swiss expert on the logic of Stanislaw Lesniewski and natural logic.

## Biography

Denis Miéville was raised in the towns of Colombier (Canton of Neuchâtel) and Essert-Pittet (Canton of Vaud). After studying mathematics and logic at the University of Neuchâtel (Switzerland) and Bowling Green University (Ohio, United States), Denis Miéville developed an interest in the development and formalization of natural logic that led him to study both the theory of collective classes and the foundations of maximal predicates in propositional logic. These interests were integrated in the doctoral thesis that he defended in 1984 ("A Development of Stanislaw Lesniewski's logical systems: Protothetic, ontology and mereology") at the University of Neuchâtel, supervised by the eminent logician Jean-Blaise Grize. Appointed Professor at the University of Neuchâtel in 1987 (he will become its rector from 1999 to 2003), he taught logic and chaired the Semiologic Research Centre.
Professor Miéville has taught at various institutions such as the University of Geneva, the University of Rennes in France and the University of Iasi in Romania. The University of Iasi awarded him a degree Honoris causa in 2003. He also received the Honorary Certificate of the Francophony in 2001.

## Research interests

Professor Miéville developed an expertise on Lesniewski's logic due to his interest in developmental systems, that have the advantage of being dynamic, universal, free and of a higher order. Moreover, by developing a theory of syntactic-semantic categories, he focussed on a methodology able to identify logico-discursive indices in texts, by representing them as argumentative and reasoned structures. His interests became more and more inclined towards understanding the way in which discursive thought creates meaning, by inscribing it into reasoning networks. This is one of the reasons that led Professor Miéville to specifically examine the discursive procedures from which new knowledge is developed, such as those proceeding by analogy, and those structuring creative definitions. Very sensitive to the epistemological dimension of knowledge, he has been interested in how concepts develop gradually and crystallize into stable entities.

## Publications
### Books

* Introduction à l'œuvre de S. Leśniewski. VI: La métalangue d'une syntaxe inscriptionnelle, Neuchâtel, Travaux de logique, 2009.
* Introduction à l'œuvre de S. Leśniewski. II. L'Ontologie. Neuchâtel, Travaux de logique, 2004.
* Introduction à l'œuvre de S. Leśniewski. I. La Protothétique. Neuchâtel, Travaux de logique, 2001.
* Pensée logico-mathématique. Nouveaux objets interdisciplinaires. Paris: P.U.F., 1993 (Collaboration with O. Houdé).
* Essai de logique naturelle. Berne, Lang, 1992 (Collaboration with J.-B. Grize and M.-J. Borel)

### Scientific editor

* Stanislaw Leśniewski aujourd’hui (Ed., with Denis Vernant), Grenoble/Neuchâtel, Groupe de Recherches sur la philosophie et le langage/ Centre de Recherches Sémiologiques 1995.
# Ruth von Wild

Ruth von Wild (Barcelona, 3 August 1912 - Thun, 26 April 1983) was a Swiss teacher and activist based in Barcelona, who worked for the organization Ayuda Suiza to help children affected by the Spanish Civil War.

## Biography

Ruth von Wild was born in Barcelona into a Swiss family. Her father, the engineer Ernest von Wild, was deputy director of the Central Catalana d'Electricitat company, an electricity company with Swiss capital.
Ruth studied French at the University of Neuchâtel and worked as a teacher at the Swiss School in Barcelona, created mainly for the Swiss community who lived permanently in the city.
When the school where she worked closed because of the Spanish Civil War, she moved to England to complete her education, but she returned to Barcelona in August 1938 to participate in the Swiss Aid Committee for the Children of Spain as a volunteer for the organization Service Civil International (SCI), an entity that led the Swiss Aid Committee for the Children. In Barcelona, Ruth von Wild, together with Quakers, provided logistical and material support to other local entities, such as the Ajut Infantil de Reraguarda, which organized camps to take in refugee children. She also sent donations from the Swiss population to different shelters and canteens in Catalonia, with the help of fellow volunteers Rüdi Grubenmann and Hans Zeier, who led the convoys.
Between the end of January and the beginning of February 1939, the members of the committee left Barcelona together with the civilian population fleeing to France. The Swiss Aid Committee for the Children of Spain was reorganized in the south of France. In this context, Ruth von Wild led a colony for Spanish refugee children (Swiss colony of the Château du Lac) in Sijan (Aude), operating between May 1939 and May 1940. It was supported by Willy Begert, who later became the first international secretary of SCI, and the Polish physician Gabriel Ersler, a former brigadier.
In the late 1940s, Ruth von Wild led another colony of the same entity in Pringy (Haute-Savoie), near the Swiss border. It was for children affected by World War II, mostly French, but there were also other nationalities, some of them Jews, who survived Nazi persecution, such as Margot Wicki-Schwarzschild, born in 1931. Finally, this colony was transferred to the Swiss Red Cross in 1942.
After World War II, Ruth von Wild continued been involved in solidarity actions. Between 1946 and 1961, as a member of the Swiss Protestant Church Work, she ran a residence for children with disadvantaged conditions in Germany and later, an asylum in the Swiss canton of St. Gallen, until 1974.
She died in Thun (Switzerland) in 1983.
# Joe Hardstaff (RAF officer)

Joseph Hardstaff MBE (28 February 1935 – 22 November 2022) was an Air Commodore in the Royal Air Force and a first-class cricketer.
Joe Hardstaff was born in Kirkby-in-Ashfield, Nottinghamshire, and was the third member in successive generations to represent his family in first-class cricket. His grandfather Joe Sr. and his father Joe Jr. both represented England and Nottinghamshire. His grandfather also stood as a first-class cricket umpire.
Hardstaff was commissioned into the Royal Air Force and rose to the rank of Air Commodore. He played cricket for the Free Foresters in two first-class matches in 1961 and 1962. He also captained the Royal Air Force cricket team and played for the Combined Services cricket team, as well as representing the Marylebone Cricket Club, as a right-handed batsman and right-arm medium-fast bowler.
He served as President of the RAF and Combined Services cricket clubs. He succeeded Lieutenant-Colonel Peter Packham as Secretary of Middlesex County Cricket Club in 1989, and retired in 1997.
Hardstaff died on 22 November 2022, aged 87.
# List of places in Merseyside

This is a list of cities, towns, villages and other populated places in the ceremonial county of Merseyside, England.
* A
* B
* C
* D
* E
* F
* G
* H
* I
* J
* K
* L
* M
* N
* O
* P
* Q
* R
* S
* T
* U
* V
* W
* X
* Y
* Z
* See also

## A

Aigburth - Ainsdale - Aintree - Allerton - Anfield

## B

Barnston - Bebington - Beechwood - Belle Vale - Bidston - Billinge - Birkdale - Birkenhead - Blowick - Blundellsands - Bold - Bootle - Bowring Park - Brighton le Sands - Brimstage - Broadgreen - Bromborough - Bromborough Pool

## C

Caldy - Canning - Childwall - Churchtown - Claughton - Clock Face - Clubmoor - Crank - Cressington - Crosby - Crossens - Croxteth - Croxteth Park Estate

## D

Dingle - Dovecot

## E

Earlestown - Eastham - Eastham Ferry - Eccleston - Eccleston Park - Edge Hill - Egremont - Everton

## F

Fairfield - Fazakerley - Ford - Formby - Frankby - Freshfield

## G

Garston - Gateacre - Gayton - Gillmoss - Golborne Dale - Grange - Grange Park - Grassendale - Greasby - Great Altcar

## H

Halewood - Halsnead Park - Haydock - Heswall - Heswall Hills - Higher Bebington - Higher Tranmere - Hightown - Hillside - Hoylake - Hunts Cross - Huyton

## I

Ince Blundell - Irby

## K

Kensington - Kings Moss - Kirkby - Kirkdale - Knotty Ash - Knowsley Village - Knowsley Park

## L

Landican - Larton - Leasowe - Liscard - Litherland - Little Altcar - Little Crosby - Liverpool - Lower Heswall - Lunt - Lydiate

## M

Maghull - Marshside - Melling - Melling Mount - Meols - Meols Cop - Moreton - Mossley Hill

## N

Netherley - Netherton - New Brighton - New Ferry - Newton - Newton-le-Willows - Noctorum - Norris Green -

## O

Oglet - Old Roan - Old Swan - Orrell Park - Overchurch - Oxton

## P

Page Moss - Parr - Pensby - Port Sunlight - Poulton - Prenton - Prescot

## R

Raby - Raby Mere - Rainford - Rainhill - Roby - Rock Ferry

## S

Saughall Massie - Seacombe - Seaforth - Sefton - Southport - Speke - Spital - St Helens - Stockbridge Village - Stoneycroft - Sutton Leach - Sutton Manor

## T

Tarbock - Thatto Heath - Thingwall - Thornton - Thornton Hough - Thurstaston - Toxteth - Tranmere - Tuebrook

## U

Upton

## V

Vauxhall

## W

Waddicar - Wallasey - Wallasey Village - Walton - Waterloo - Wavertree - West Derby - West Kirby - Whiston - Windle - Woodchurch - Woodvale - Woolton
# Trpčane

Trpčane (pronounced; German: Terptschane, Italian: Terciane) is a village southeast of Ilirska Bistrica in the Inner Carniola region of Slovenia.

## Mass graves

Trpčane is the site of a mass grave and an unmarked grave from the end of the Second World War. They both contain the remains of German soldiers from the 97th Corps that were killed at the beginning of May 1945. The Riverbank Mass Grave (Slovene: Grobišče Breg), also known as the Frkovec Mass Grave (Grobišče Frkovec), lies on the bank of the Reka River east of the settlement, about 300 meters (980 ft) north of a bridge. It contains the remains of either four or 20 soldiers. The Linden Grave (Grob pri lipi) lies 20 meters (66 ft) from the house at Trpčane no. 22 and contains the remains of one soldier.

## Church

The small church in the settlement is dedicated to Saint Anthony of Padua and belongs to the Parish of Podgraje.