OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Ayuntamiento (Spain)

An ayuntamiento is the body charged with the government and administration of the municipalities in Spain not bound to the regime of concejo abierto ('open council'). The ayuntamiento is one of the bodies charged with local government in Spain.
The ayuntamiento is made up of the mayor, deputy mayors and councillors and, in larger municipalities, an executive committee. Councillors are elected by universal suffrage and secret ballot and they in turn elect the mayor.

## Organisation

An ayuntamiento is made up of a mayor (alcalde) and the elected councillors, who compose the plenary (pleno), the deliberative body. In municipalities with over 5,000 inhabitants, there is also an executive committee (junta de gobierno or comisión de gobierno or consejo de gobierno). Such a committee is optional for smaller municipalities, at the discretion of the plenary or the regulations of the ayuntamiento. The executive committee is made up of a number of the elected councillors.
The ayuntamiento follows a collegiate-representative model, with features of a Corporatism such as the fact that the mayor is president of both the plenary and the executive. While the plenary retains the vote of censure to remove the mayor, the system confers much power upon the mayor, which has become a point of controversy.
The organizational system is described in the 1985 Local Government Act. An 11/1999 Law superseding some features of the 1985 Act set increased powers for the mayor, but the plenary also gained more scrutiny over these powers. The plenary lacks legislative autonomy.
The municipalities of Madrid and Barcelona have special rules, regulated by the 22/2006 Law of the Capital in the case of the Ayuntamiento of Madrid and by the Municipal Charter of Barcelona, approved in the 22/1998 Catalan law in the case of Barcelona.

## Electoral process

Municipal elections are held every four years on the same date for all municipalities in Spain. Councilors are allotted using the D'Hondt method for proportional representation with the exception of municipalities with under 100 inhabitants where block voting is used instead. The number of councilors is determined by the population of the municipality; the smallest municipalities having 5, and the largest – Madrid – having 57.
Unlike other European countries the mayor is not directly elected. They are invested by the councillors. The indirect election, stated in the 1978 Local Elections Act was confirmed in the General Electoral System Act of 1985.
The method by which the mayor is elected is as follows. If no head of list of each electoral list commands an absolute majority of the votes of the councillors in the plenary, the head of list of the most voted list becomes mayor.

## Informational notes

* ↑ Under the concejo abierto system, which exists in municipalities with fewer than 100 inhabitants, in municipalities with a tradition of using the system or in the case of geographical circumstances that favor it, government and administration are performed by the mayor and the "neighbourhood assembly" (Spanish: Asamblea vecinal).
# Péter Takács (fencer born 1973)

Péter Takács (born 29 June 1973) is a Hungarian fencer. He competed in the team sabre event at the 2000 Summer Olympics.
# Bujan, Kerman

Bujan (Persian: بوجان, also Romanized as Būjān) is a village in Balvard Rural District, in the Central District of Sirjan County, Kerman Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 59, in 19 families.
# Heinrich Curschmann

Heinrich Curschmann (28 June 1846 – 6 May 1910) was a German internist who was a native of Giessen.
From 1863 to 1868 he studied medicine at the University of Giessen, and afterwards worked as an assistant physician at the Rochusspital in Mainz. In 1875, he received his habilitation for internal medicine at the University of Berlin, and from 1879 to 1888 served as director at the state hospital in Hamburg. From 1888 to 1910 he was a professor of internal medicine at the University of Leipzig, serving as academic rector in 1906/07.
Curschmann is remembered for the 1894 publication of "Klinische Abbildungen" (Clinical Illustrations), a collection of photos involving changes to the outer human form caused by internal disease. "Klinische Abbildungen" is considered to be a major pioneer work in medical photography. His treatise "Der Unterleibstyphus and Das Fleckenfieber", was later translated into English and published as "Typhoid fever and typhus fever" (1901).
Curschmann's name is lent to a number of eponymous medical terms, including "Curschmann's disease", also known as hyaloserositis of the liver; "Curschmann's cannula", a medical instrument; and "Curschmann's spirals", described as coiled mucinous fibrils sometimes found in the sputum in bronchial asthma.
# Bellefond, Gironde

Bellefond (French pronunciation:; Occitan: Bèlafont) is a commune in the Gironde department in Nouvelle-Aquitaine in southwestern France.
# NW Rennzweier

The Double Racer (German: Rennzweier) is a race car manufactured by the Nesselsdorfer Wagenbau-Fabriksgesellschaft (NW), now Tatra, in 1900. It is sometimes also called First Racing, 12 HP, or Race Car (German: Rennwagen). It was commissioned by Baron Theodor von Liebieg [cs]. Hans Ledwinka, the man behind the famous rear-engined Tatras, and at the time only 20 years old, helped in the production of the car. The car was designed and built in a five week period in April and May 1900. The Rennzweier was the first car designed specifically for racing to be built in Central Europe.
In 1994, a 2 Kč commemorative stamp featuring the Rennzweier, designed by Bedřich Housa [cs], was issued.

## Background

After the production of its first automobile, the Präsident, in 1897 – 1898, NW continued producing automobiles that followed the design of the original Präsident.
On 23 October 1899, two of these Präsident-derived cars, the Wien and the Nesselsdorf, competed in the first automobile race held in Austria-Hungary. The race took place in Vienna, on the Trabrennbahn Krieau, a trotting track near the Prater. Competing cars were the Wien, the Nesselsdorf, four Benz cars, and four Dietrich-Bolleé cars. Baron Theodor von Liebieg [cs], driving the Wien, won the race, and the Nesselsdorf came in second.
In March 1900, Liebieg raced the 192 km (119 mi) triangle track Nice – Draguignan – Nice, where he won the second stage outright. Four days later he won the four-seaters under 1,000 kg (2,200 lb) class in the famous Nice – La Turbie hill climb race.
The Präsident-derived cars Liebieg was competing with were designed for ordinary use, not racing. So after his successes of late 1899 and early 1900, Liebieg commissioned NW to produce a new automobile specifically designed for racing. NW fulfilled this order with the Rennzweier, the first race car built in Central Europe.

## Design

The construction was unique at the time. The car was very low, especially the driver's seat. There was no bodywork – all mechanical parts were uncovered. Unlike its predecessors, the steering column was slightly tilted.
The car had a modified Benz engine. It was a two-cylinder spark ignition engine with a power output of about 12 hp (8.9 kW) at 650 rpm. It was transversely mounted above the driven rear axle.
The driver was situated on a heightened seat behind the steering wheel, while the passenger seat was much lower on the frame, so the passenger's legs were sticking out under the car.
The gas tank had a volume of 42 liters, while there was also another tank behind the driver for 15 liters of coolant.
The car was able to reach a maximum speed of 82 km/h (51 mph).
Von Liebieg raced the car in numerous contests. He won the La Turbie race that took place in Nice, and took second position in Salzburg-Linz-Vienna race. He later also took part in the Paris-Vienna race.
Today the Rennzweier is exhibited at the Czech National Technical Museum.
A second racing car was made in 1901. This one also made do without bodywork, and this time featured a Hardy engine (flat two, 3188cc, 7,4 kW-8,85 kW (10-12HP)) was used instead of the previous Benz one.
# Vossbarg

Vossbarg (also spelled Voßbarg) is a row village in East Frisia, Germany. It is a Moorland colony consisting mostly of pasture land and is predominantly an agricultural area.

## History

After the reclamation edict of King Frederick II of Prussia, many new settlements were created in East Frisia.
In 1780, after two years of debate for rights to the land, the first piece of land, 3 Diemat (about 1.5 hectares) in area, was awarded to Rencke Janssen. Following him were other settlers Claas Janssen, Otto Christoffers, January Focken and Harm Habben. Vossbarg initially belonged Strackholt, a town to the west, but few years later, in 1787, Vossbarg emerged as an independent municipality.
The first Moorland lived as farmers of the cultivation of wheat. Starting from 1824 some craftsmen, carpenters, restaurant operators/barkeepers, cutters, bakers, and shoemakers began to settle in Vossbarg. Peat was harvested for personal fuel needs, however, there was no canal present and transportation of large quantities of peat became nearly impossible. After some years the moorland soil became depleted. The town, which had a promising beginning, began to experience poverty. The heads of families hired themselves out as day laborers to the moor companies in the neighboring towns of Spetzerfehn and Großefehn. Others sought work as harvest hands in the marsh areas or in the Netherlands. During time, Vossbarg citizens were persuaded to emigrate to America in response to the other citizens who had emigrated there. Between 1850 and 1900 numerous residents of Vossbarg emigrated because of the economic and political difficulties.
By the end of the 19th century, the situation in Vossbarg had improved. Artificial fertilizers were in use and the crop yields had increased. A particular blessing for Vossbarg was the founding of the power-station at Wiesmoor. Many men and women were employed there for the production of peat.

## Modern

In 1972, Vossbarg came under the jurisdiction of Wiesmoor as a result of the district reforms instituted by the state of Lower Saxony.
Through the efforts of the villagers, the 200th anniversary of the founding of Vossbarg was celebrated in 1987. Heinz Saathoff, the Vossbarg village manager, published an anniversary booklet for the occasion. Richard Ahlrichs, a teacher and native of Vossbarg, wrote the text. Numerous old photos and documents were produced by the residents and printed in the booklet or displayed in the school building of Vossbarg. The entire community was spruced up festively for the occasion. In 1972, Vossbarg came under the jurisdiction of Wiesmoor as a result of the district reforms instituted by the state of Lower Saxony.
# 2010 Italian Athletics Championships

The 2010 Italian Athletics Championships (Italian: Campionati italiani assoluti di atletica leggera 2010) was the 100th edition of the Italian Athletics Championships and were held in Grosseto from 30 June to 1 July.

## Champions

| Event | Men | Women |
| 100 m | Simone Collio | Manuela Levorato |
| 200 m | Roberto Donati | Giulia Arcioni |
| 400 m | Marco Vistalli | Libania Grenot |
| 800 m | Lukas Rifesser | Antonella Riva |
| 1500 m | Gilio Iannone | Elisa Cusma |
| 5000 m | Stefano La Rosa | Federica Dal Ri |
| 10,000 m | Daniele Meucci | Claudia Finielli |
| 3000 m | Yuri Floriani | Valentina Costanza |
| 100 m hurdles | Stefano Tedesco | Marzia Caravelli |
| 400 m hurdles | Giacomo Panizza | Manuela Gentili |
| High jump | Filippo Campioli | Antonietta Di Martino |
| Pole vault | Giorgio Piantella | Elena Scarpellini |
| Long jump | Andrew Howe | Tania Vicenzino |
| Triple jump | Fabrizio Donato | Simona La Mantia |
| Shot put | Andrea Ricci | Chiara Rosa |
| Discus throw | Hannes Kirchler | Laura Bordignon |
| Hammer throw | Nicola Vizzoni | Silvia Salis |
| Javelin throw | Roberto Bertolini | Zahra Bani |
| 10 km/5 km walk road | Alex Schwazer | Sibilla Di Vincenzo |
| 4X100 relay | C.S. Aeronautica (Riparelli-Berdini-Manenti-Di Gregorio) | G.S. Forestale (Spacca-Grillo-Arcioni G.-Giovanetti) |
| 4X400 relay | C.S. Carabinieri (Turchi-Salvucci-Marin-Galletti) | Fondiaria SAI Atletica (Gervasi-Grange-Battaglia-Piangerelli) |
# Manqabad

27°12′N 31°06′E﻿ / ﻿27.200°N 31.100°E﻿ / 27.200; 31.100 Manqabad also spelled Mankabad (Arabic: منقباد, from Coptic: ⲙⲁⲛⲕⲁⲡⲱⲧ, romanized: place of cup) is a town in Upper Egypt, near the city of Asyut. A military station was located in the town which was referred to as "beyond civilization", being the last vestige of the Nile River Valley before the southern desert. In the 1940s, the station had 3000 officers and soldiers, including a number of whom like Gamal Abdel Nasser, Khaled Mohieddin and Anwar Sadat who would become members of the Free Officers Movement. In 1965, an ancient Coptic site was accidentally found at Manqabad and major excavations were undertaken there in 1976, 1984, and 1995. Several churches and chapels dating from the 7th to 8th centuries were excavated.

## Surname

Manqabad is also the town of origin of the Manqabadi (sometimes spelled "Mankabady" or "Mankbadi") family, which was formerly one of the oldest Upper Egyptian nobilities.
# Ariada Volzhsk

Ariada-NH (Russian: Ариада-НХ) was a professional ice hockey team based in Volzhsk, Mari El Republic, Russia. They played in the Central Division of the VHL. In 2017, they left the league due to financial difficulties and ultimately disbanded. From 2013 to 2016, team's name was Ariada Volzhsk.
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# Sunbash

Sunbash (Russian: Сюньбаш; Bashkir: Сөнбаш, Sönbaş) is a rural locality (a selo) in Nureyevsky Selsoviet, Sharansky District, Bashkortostan, Russia. The population was 51 as of 2010. There is 1 street.

## Geography

Sunbash is located 31 km east of Sharan (the district's administrative centre) by road. Tugaryak is the nearest rural locality.
# Reygade

Reygade (French pronunciation:; Occitan: Raigadas) is a commune in the Corrèze department in central France.
# Duchy of Bytom

The Duchy of Bytom (Polish: Księstwo Bytomskie, Czech: Bytomské knížectví, German: Herzogtum Beuthen) was a duchy in Upper Silesia, one of the Silesian duchies of fragmented Piast-ruled Poland. It was established in Upper Silesia about 1281 during the division of the Duchy of Opole and Racibórz among the sons of Duke Władysław Opolski. The duchy's capital was Bytom, formerly part of Lesser Poland until in 1177 the Polish High Duke Casimir II the Just had attached it to the Silesian Duchy of Racibórz.

## History

When Władysław's second son Casimir became Duke of Bytom, he at first ruled jointly with his brother Duke Bolko I of Opole and from 1284 on alone. The conflict with his Piast cousin Duke Henryk IV Probus of Silesia-Wrocław led Casimir to seek shelter from King Wenceslaus II of Bohemia and in 1289 he became the first Silesian Piast duke to submit himself under Bohemian overlordship.
With the death of Casimir's grandson Duke Bolesław in 1355 the Bytom branch of the Piasts became extinct and in the following inheritance dispute his widow Margareta of Sternberg had to cede the northern part of the duchy including the lordship of Koźle to Duke Konrad I of Oleśnica, while the remaining part was bequested to Duke Casimir I of Cieszyn. Bytom remained divided until in 1459 Duke Wenceslaus I of Cieszyn sold his portion to Duke Konrad IX the Black of Oleśnica and the duchy was reunited under his rule.
In 1472 Matthias Corvinus of Hungary, then self-declared King of Bohemia, annexed Bytom and pledged it to Lord Jan of Zierotin. In 1498 it was finally merged back into the Duchy of Opole under the rule of Duke Jan II the Good. Jan had signed an inheritance treaty with Margrave George of Brandenburg-Ansbach, who in 1526 was enfeoffed with Bytom by King Louis II Jagiellon of Bohemia.
His rule however was denied by Louis' successors from the House of Habsburg, who suspiciously eyed the gain of power of the House of Hohenzollern in Silesia. After the 1620 Battle of White Mountain Emperor Ferdinand II of Habsburg took the opportunity to deprive Elector George Wiliam of Brandenburg of the rule over Bytom. It then remained a state country within the Habsburg monarchy until its annexation by Prussia in 1742.

## Dukes

Of Bytom (1281/1282-1355/1357):
* Kazimierz (1281/1282-1312);
* Siemowit (1312-1316);
* Jerzy (1316-1327);
* Władysław (1316-1352);
* Bolesław I (1352-1355);
* Małgorzata ze Šternberka (1355-1357);
Cieszyn Piasts (1357-1459):
* Kazimierz I cieszyński (1357-1358);
* Przemysław I Noszak (1358-1405)
* Bolesław II (1405-1431)
* Wacław (1431/1442-1452 i 1452-1459);
* Bolesław III (1452);
Oleśnica Piasts (1357-1472/1492):
* Konrad I oleśnicki (1357-1366);
* Konrad II Siwy (1366-1403);
* Konrad III Stary (1403-1412);
* Konrad IV Starszy (1412/1413-1416), Konrad V Kącki (1412/1413-1427), Konrad VI Dziekan (1416-1427), Konrad VII Biały (1316-1450), Konrad VIII Młody (1416-1427);
* Konrad IX Czarny (1450-1471, Konrad X );
* Konrad X Biały (1450-1452, 1471-1472, de facto 1492);
Opole Piasts
* Jan II Dobry (1498-1532)
# The Man Who Sold Himself (1959 film)

The Man Who Sold Himself (German: Der Mann, der sich verkaufte) is a 1959 West German crime film directed by Josef von Báky and starring Hildegard Knef, Hansjörg Felmy and Antje Weisgerber.
It was shot at the Wandsbek Studios in Hamburg. The film's sets were designed by the art directors Erich Kettelhut and Johannes Ott.

## Cast

* Hildegard Knef as Martina Schilling
* Hansjörg Felmy as Niko Jost
* Antje Weisgerber as Mrs. Sending
* Kurt Ehrhardt as Carl Sending
* Katharina Matz as Eva Jost
* Ernst Schroder as Münchmann
* Fritz Tillmann as Dr. Schilling
* Charles Brauer
* Fritz Schmiedel as Anton Klee
* Ruth Grossi as Lo Hermann
* Hans Paetsch as Steinmaker
* Jürgen Graf as Fernsehreporter
* Walter Grüters as Minister Ploesch
* Ruth Hausmeister as Sekretärin von Sending
* Bob Iller as Textilfabrikant Rissner
* Günther Jerschke as Dr. Zerbst
* Karl Kramer as Likörfabrikant Kahler
* Karl-Heinz Kreienbaum as Kriminalkommissar Droehnlein
* Hans Leibelt as Bürgermeister
* Erwin Linder as Prosecutor
* Robert Meyn as Herr Stückli
* Reinhold Nietschmann as Warenhausbesitzer Bentheim
* Heinz Piper as Hotelportier
* Karl-Georg Saebisch as Lawyer Longinus
* Manfred Steffen
* Hans Timerding as Oberkellner Berger
# HMS Success (1825)

HMS Success was an Atholl-class 28-gun sixth-rate wooden sailing ship notable for exploring Western Australia and the Swan River in 1827 as well as being one of the first ships to arrive at the fledgling Swan River Colony two years later, at which time she ran aground off Carnac Island.

## History

Her keel was laid at Pembroke Dock in August 1823 and she was launched on 31 August 1825. She was 114 ft long (35 m) and 32 ft wide (9.8 m), and was a sixth-rate ship with 28 guns, including twenty 32-pounders.
She was sent by the Royal Navy on a mission to New South Wales and Melville Island. She made an expedition to the Swan River in 1827, arriving there in early March. Captain James Stirling was in command. There is a record of the expedition, An account of the expedition of H.M.S. 'Success', Captain James Stirling, RN., from Sydney, to the Swan River, in 1827 by Augustus Gilbert. Another account The visit of Charles Fraser (the colonial botanist of New South Wales) : to the Swan River in 1827, with his opinion on the suitableness of the district for a settlement was published in 1832.
On 3 December 1829 Success ran aground on Shag Rock, Carnac Island. In April Success was taken to Careening Bay on Garden Island for heaving down to HMS Cruizer and repaired.
In February 1833 Success was fitted out as a receiving ship and from 1833 to 1849 was engaged in harbour service in Portsmouth. She was broken up in 1849.
Success Hill, Success Bank, the suburb of Success and a number of other features in Western Australia are named after the ship.
# Euskal Herriko Alderdi Sozialista

Euskal Herriko Alderdi Sozialista (English: Socialist Party of the Basque Country; EHAS) was an illegal revolutionary socialist Basque political party, with presence in both Spanish Basque Country and the French Basque Country.

## History

EHAS was formed as the merge of the Spanish-Basque Eusko Alderdi Sozialista and the French-Basque Herriko Alderdi Sozialista, being the first Basque party with presence at both sides of the border. The party participated in various unitary movements, like Euskal Erakunde Herritarra (coordination body of both independentist and non-independentist Basque socialists and communists) and the Koordinadora Abertzale Sozialista. The party also signed the Brest Charter in 1975.
In 1977 the party merged with Eusko Sozialistak, a small socialist party critical with ETA(m), to create Herri Alderdi Sozialista Iraultzailea (HASI). In Iparralde the party continued to exist, and presented candidacies to various elections. Manex Goyhenetche was the French-Basque leader of the party, that maintained a strong relationship with the Breton Democratic Union.
# Château de Matval

The Château de Matval is a 13th-15th century castle in the commune of Bonneveau in the Loir-et-Cher département of France. Added to the inventory of monuments historiques, its façades and roofs have been protected since 18 October 1971 and the castle in its entirety since 8 April 2009.

## History

The Merovingian castrum, named Matoval, was destroyed by the Normans in the 10th century. This Merovingian domain had been founded in the 6th century by King Childebert I, son of Clovis I. The grandson of Charlemagne came here to take refuge.
In 1459, the fiefdom was given to Jean, an illegitimate son of Louis, Count of Vendôme. The present castle was built by the powerful counts of Bourbon Vendôme, ancestors of King Henri IV to whom the castle later belonged.
Under Louis XIV, the Marquis de Louvois, his famous Minister of War, made it his home, followed by a succession of notable people including Napoleon II.
Matval is equally renowned as the origin of the rennet apple variety, reinettes du Mans. In effect, Childebert I, having brought grafts of apple trees from Spain, planted them himself in his park, creating what became the most famous apple in France. It is said that the reinettes du Mans were so-named in honour of the two daughters of the King, the "Réginettes".

## Architecture

The castle's vestiges testify to an architecture specific to the military buildings of their time. The south-eastern corner of the house is a wall pierced by arrowslits, remains of a construction provided with arrowslits and a bretèche, which connected the building to a round tower.
Underground galleries run under the hill and the castle.
The Merovingian mint is a reminder that the domain was royal and that coins were minted here. The statuette by the entrance is a jewel of the Merovingian age and unique in Europe.
The manor with its round tower, the motte and its troglodytic habitation were listed as monument historiques on 18 November 1971. The chapel built against the motte, the grounds of the inner courtyards, the ditches and the lower courtyard were added on 8 April 2009.
# Cheshmeh Now

Cheshmeh Now (Persian: چشمه نو; also known as Maḩalleh-ye Cheshmeh Now and Tānk-e Cheshmeh Now) is a village in Sakhvid Rural District, Nir District, Taft County, Yazd Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 17, in 7 families.
# Castelbiague

Castelbiague (French pronunciation:; Occitan: Castèthviague) is a commune in the Haute-Garonne department in southwestern France.
# Ahmed Zuway

Ahmed Mahmoud Abdelkarim Al-Zuway (Arabic: أحمد الزوي; born 28 December 1982), better known better as Kabila, is a Libyan former footballer who played as a striker. He played club football for Al Naser, Al Ahly Benghazi, Al Qadisiya, Al Ittihad Tripoli, CA Bizertin, Al Sharjah, and Zakho FC, and international football for the Libya national team.

## Career

On 2 October 2012, Zuway joined United Arab Emirates club Al Sharjah SC.