# 37th Chess Olympiad

The 37th Chess Olympiad (Italian: Le 37° Olimpiadi degli scacchi), organized by FIDE and comprising an open and a women's tournament, as well as several other events designed to promote the game of chess, took place between May 20 and June 4, 2006, in Turin, Italy. There were 148 teams in the open event and 103 in the women's event. In total, 1307 players were registered.
Both tournament sections were officiated by international arbiter Geurt Gijssen (Netherlands). Teams were paired across the 13 rounds of competition according to the Swiss system. The open division was played over four boards per round, while the women's was played over three. In the event of a draw, the tie-break was decided by 1. The Buchholz system; 2. Match points; 3. The Sonneborn-Berger system; and 4. The Median Buchholz system.
The time control for each game permitted each player 90 minutes for all their moves, with an additional 30 seconds increment for each player after each move, beginning with the first.

## Open event

The open division was contested by 148 teams representing 143 nations. Italy, as hosts, fielded three teams. At the same time the International Braille Chess Association (IBCA), the International Physically Disabled Chess Association (IPCA), and the International Committee of Silent Chess (ICSC) each provided one squad. Somalia and Sierra Leone were signed up, but never arrived.
Led by first board Levon Aronian, the second highest-rated player at the Olympiad, and first reserve Gabriel Sargissian, who scored 10 points in 11 games, Armenia improved on their third-place performance at the 36th Olympiad, claiming their first ever gold medals by a full two points over the silver medallists China, whose fourth board Wang Yue went undefeated, winning eight games and drawing four. Armenia ended the tournament without having lost a match, winning 10 and drawing three, including in the final round against Hungary, when four draws were cursorily recorded. Aronian was the only Armenian player to lose a game during the tournament, falling in the fifth round to Vladimir Kramnik of Russia.
Reigning classical World Champion Kramnik, playing internationally for the first time in six months, scored 6½ points in his nine games, recording the best rating performance of any player. His Russian team, though, did not perform as expected; fielding six of the tournament's 17 strongest players on rating Archived 2007-06-11 at the Wayback Machine, Russia held second place, just behind Armenia, through the seventh round but lost matches to France (1½-2½), the United States (1½-2½), and, in the final round, Israel (1-3), and ultimately finished sixth; the worst Olympic result ever for a Soviet or Russian side.
Although they defeated the United States (2½-1½) in the penultimate round, Israel had to settle for a tie for third place; the Americans claimed the bronze medals on Buchholz tiebreaks. Hungary, seeded 16th, finished fifth, thanks to strong performances from third board Ferenc Berkes and fourth board Csaba Balogh, while India, who entered the tournament seeded second, finished in 30th place, with first board Viswanathan Anand (former and future World Champion) and fourth board Surya Shekhar Ganguly both scoring just 50%. Even without FIDE World Champion Veselin Topalov, Bulgaria still managed to clinch a top ten result, finishing in ninth place.
    Open event #CountryPlayersAverage ratingPointsBuchholz 1 ArmeniaAronian, Akopian, Asrian, Lputian, Sargissian, Minasian268236 2 ChinaBu Xiangzhi, Zhang Zhong, Zhang Pengxiang, Wang Yue, Ni Hua, Zhao Jun262834 3 United StatesKamsky, Onischuk, Nakamura, Ibragimov, Kaidanov, Akobian265633392.5 4 IsraelGelfand, Smirin, Sutovsky, Avrukh, Huzman, Mikhalevski266333380.5 5 HungaryAlmási, Gyimesi, Berkes, Balogh, Ruck, Horváth261032½ 6 RussiaKramnik, Svidler, Grischuk, Morozevich, Bareev, Rublevsky273032410.5 7 FranceBacrot, Lautier, Sokolov, Fressinet, Vachier-Lagrave, Bauer266532396.0 8 UkraineIvanchuk, Volokitin, Karjakin, Eljanov, Moiseenko, Efimenko268032390.5 9 BulgariaGeorgiev, Cheparinov, Delchev, Spasov, Petkov, Iotov263332385.0 10 SpainShirov, Vallejo Pons, Illescas Córdoba, Arizmendi Martinez, San Segundo Carrillo, Narciso Dublan262832377.5
    #CountryAverage ratingPointsBuchholzMP Final Ranking - Open 11 Czech Republic259631399.0 12 Netherlands264631396.0 13 Uzbekistan255431389.5 14 Georgia261031388.0 15 Germany262131381.0 16 Cuba259830½386.0 17 Sweden254930½381.0 18 Moldova257830½376.5 19 England262730½366.0 20 Denmark257730396.0 21 Poland259330381.0 22 Greece258230379.0 23 Slovenia254730378.5 24 Azerbaijan264330377.5 25 Croatia255930373.5 26 Romania261030372.0 27 Switzerland255530367.5 28 Latvia251630357.5 29 Australia247930351.0 30 India268829½391.5 31 Norway257729½376.0 32 Brazil257329½371.5 33 North Macedonia251729½366.0 34 Canada248229½357.0 35 Italy249329½354.5 36 Belarus259829381.0 37 Serbia and Montenegro254229376.0 38 Turkey254029372.5 39 Vietnam253329372.0 40 Indonesia248929369.5 41 Bosnia and Herzegovina252129367.5 42 Lithuania253029360.5 43 Slovakia253628½373.5 44 Philippines253828½369.5 45 Iceland256028½368.0 46 Estonia248728½355.0 47 Mexico244928½354.0 48 Italy "B"237528½353.5 49 Iran247228375.5 50 Portugal248128362.5 51 Argentina253228361.5 52 Scotland247928358.0 53 Kazakhstan234828345.5 54 Tajikistan216528331.0 55 Qatar247227½354.0 56 Ireland245527½352.0 57 Colombia243727362.5 58 Egypt244827360.0 59 Mongolia233227358.5 60 Bangladesh249327352.0 61 Albania243927351.514 62 Finland246627351.512 63 Dominican Republic231427351.0 64 Venezuela234227349.0 65 Chile243827340.5 66 United Arab Emirates232727324.0 67 Paraguay242026½354.5 68 Morocco234826½353.5 69 Algeria229126½347.0 70 Belgium243826½342.0 71 Bolivia233626½327.5 72 Costa Rica236226½324.0 73 Peru240426362.5 74 Ecuador243926349.5 75 Turkmenistan244426348.0 76ICSC230826333.5 77 Austria241026332.5 78 Singapore238826330.5 79 Puerto Rico223726320.5 80 Malaysia233125½364.5 81 Luxembourg242425½350.5 82 Faroe Islands233325½345.0 83 Italy "C"236625½337.5 84 South Africa232125½334.5 85 Nicaragua231525½329.0 86 Iraq231025½326.0 87 Andorra240025½316.5 88 Japan213925½314.5 89 Kyrgyzstan233225347.0 90 Tunisia238325341.0 91 Wales228425333.5 92 New Zealand233524½342.5 93 Nigeria227524½341.5 94 Syria232924½338.5 95 El Salvador227924½334.0 96 Lebanon225524½325.0 97 Uruguay224824½320.5 98 Barbados226824½319.0 99 Pakistan207424½206.5 100 Thailand227424333.0 101 Trinidad and Tobago221724314.5 102 Nepal219124312.0 103 Botswana221224305.0 104 Cyprus212624297.0 105 Jamaica222723½329.0 106 Angola225723½328.0 107IPCA233923½322.0 108 Malta218723½304.0 109 Sudan196823½299.5 110 Zambia205223½222.5 111IBCA233923322.0 112 Libya205223304.0 113 Uganda217223303.5 114 Panama219923303.0 115 Netherlands Antilles207923273.5 116 Yemen227622½325.0 117 Guatemala224522½320.5 118 Sri Lanka218122½303.5 119 Brunei224422½291.0 120 Bahrain211522307.5 121 Liechtenstein215222301.5 122 Hong Kong217522300.5 123 Kenya211222279.0 124 Jersey212022274.5 125 Palestine218821½297.0 126 Haiti140021½295.5 127 Monaco216521½291.5 128 Ethiopia158721½289.5 129 San Marino208921½288.5 130 Suriname218721½270.0 131 Mozambique157621296.5 132 Namibia214721292.5 133 Honduras214021289.0 134 Seychelles177121286.0 135 Macau211721281.0 136 Chinese Taipei157221259.5 137 Afghanistan170720½297.0 138 Mauritania219420½290.5 139 Guernsey201720280.0 140 Fiji179320259.0 141 Malawi140019½277.5 142 Papua New Guinea176619½263.0 143 South Korea191019288.0 144 Bermuda196719268.5 145 Aruba201718 146 British Virgin Islands198615½ 147 Rwanda147012 148 United States Virgin Islands175310½

### Group prizes

In addition to the overall medals, prizes were given out to the best teams in five different seeding groups—in other words, the teams who exceeded their seeding the most. Overall medal winners were not eligible for group prizes.
    Group Prizes GroupSeeding rangeTeamSeedOverall finish A1–30 Israel64 B31–60 Sweden3117 C61–89 Italy "B"7048 D90–120 Tajikistan10654 E121–147 Japan12187

### Individual medals

* Performance rating: Vladimir Kramnik 2847
* Board 1: Tunveer Mohyuddin Gillani 7 / 8 = 87.5%
* Board 2: Josep Oms Pallise 9 / 11 = 81.8%
* Board 3: Gustavo Manuel Larrea Llorca 7 / 8 = 87.5%
* Board 4: Wang Yue 10 / 12 = 83.3%
* 1st reserve: Basheer Al Qudaimi 7 / 7 = 100.0%
* 2nd reserve: Richmond Phiri 6½ / 7 = 92.9%

## Women's event

The women's division was contested by 103 teams representing 99 nations. Italy, as hosts, fielded two teams, whilst the International Braille Chess Association (IBCA) and the International Physically Disabled Chess Association (IPCA) each provided one squad. Somalia and Sudan had registered but never showed up. Afghanistan, Uganda, and Rwanda all withdrew after forfeiting their first round matches.
Ukraine had finished in 18th place at the previous Olympiad but entered the tournament seeded second. They trailed top-seeds Russia half a point through the seventh round, despite having taken defeated the Russians in the fifth round (2-1), but took the lead in round eight, defeating Hungary while Russia managed only to draw their match with the United States. Ukraine never gave up their lead for the remainder of the tournament and all but secured the gold medals and the Vera Menchik Trophy with a twelfth round win over India (2½-½), eventually finishing 1½ points ahead of silver medallists Russia. The Ukrainian team was led by Natalia Zhukova, who scored 7½ points in her nine games, defeating the top- and second-rated players, Humpy Koneru of India and Alexandra Kosteniuk of Russia. Third board Inna Gaponenko won six games, drew two, and lost only one.
Defending champions China were missing newly crowned World Champion Xu Yuhua, but still claimed the bronze medals by three points over the United States with whom they drew in the penultimate round Their third-place finish was in no small part due to top board Zhao Xue, who entered the tournament seeded 22nd yet, having played in every round, went through the Olympiad undefeated, conceding only six draws in her 13 games.
The American team took fourth place on tiebreaks, just ahead of Hungary, Georgia, and the Netherlands - the Dutch team being seeded only 18th.
    #CountryPlayersAverage ratingPointsBuchholz 1 UkraineZhukova, Lahno, Yanovska-Gaponenko, Ushenina244129½ 2 RussiaKosteniuk, T. Kosintseva, N. Kosintseva, Kovalevskaya249928 3 ChinaZhao Xue, Wang Yu, Shen Yang, Hou Yifan240827½ 4 United StatesZatonskih, Krush, Goletiani, Baginskaite241424½307.0 5 HungaryHoang Thanh Trang, Mádl, Vajda, Gara242624½306.0 6 GeorgiaKhurtsidze, Dzagnidze, Javakhishvili, Lomineishvili243024½305.5 7 NetherlandsPeng Zhaoqin, Bosboom-Lanchava, Schuurman, Muhren234424½276.5 8 ArmeniaMkrtchian, Danielian, Aginian, Andriasian240224299.0 9 SloveniaA. Muzychuk, Srebrnič, Krivec, Novak234824286.0 10 Czech RepublicJacková, Čedíková, Sikorová, Blažková230224270.5
    #CountryAverage ratingPointsBuchholzMPS-B Final Ranking - Women 11 Germany239923½ 12 India238923305.0 13 Bulgaria237823302.0 14 Romania237523294.0 15 Vietnam230223283.5 16 Cuba228923279.0 17 Latvia229223263.0 18 France236622½299.5 19 Greece237022½297.0 20 Poland237522½293.0 21 Belarus226222½293.0 22 Slovakia235422½292.0 23 Lithuania237422286.5 24 Turkey218922273.0 25 Serbia and Montenegro234322272.5 26 Philippines208322271.5 27 Iran222222271.0 28 Spain229621½286.0 29 Israel232921½281.5 30 Croatia222721½281.0 31 Sweden219121½260.0 32 Uzbekistan220021½257.0 33 Estonia224621285.5 34 Mongolia226421282.5 35 Argentina226521273.5 36 Turkmenistan218221266.5 37 Italy230421266.0 38 Switzerland226221265.5 39 Moldova226221262.5 40 Indonesia191921257.5 41 Canada213221252.5 42 England223120½271.5 43 Venezuela187420½264.5 44 Malaysia208920½259.5 45 Kazakhstan226220283.5 46 Ecuador226920280.0 47 Portugal211720258.0 48 Colombia213720256.0 49 El Salvador205820254.0 50 Iceland211120249.0 51 Azerbaijan212320244.0 52 Brazil208120238.0 53 Mexico213719½250.0 54 Australia221019½256.0 55 Denmark208519½254.5 56 Finland213419½247.5 57 Bosnia and Herzegovina216519260.0 58 Austria209219259.0 59 Norway218219258.5 60 Peru213619255.0 61 Kyrgyzstan213719254.0 62 Luxembourg181219241.5 63 Bolivia180219223.0 64 North Macedonia213718½252.5 65 Italy "B"194518½242.0 66 South Africa190018½236.5 67IPCA205618½229.5 68 Bangladesh209018260.5 69 Albania205418248.5 70 Dominican Republic207918239.5 71 Guatemala203018236.0 72IBCA211317½248.0 73 Scotland183417½240.0 74 Tajikistan162917½236.0 75 Wales194717½234.5 76 Jamaica179117½232.01082.75 77 Sri Lanka186317½232.01080.50 78 Ireland174717½231.5 79 Algeria158817½227.5 80 New Zealand169217½226.0 81 Iraq180517247.0 82 Nigeria159017233.0 83 Costa Rica161717209.0 84 Botswana158416½231.5 85 Japan158116½211.5 86 Malta140016½198.0 87ICSC200816234.0 88 Puerto Rico182616233.5 89 United Arab Emirates185316211.0 90 Panama140015½ 91 Chinese Taipei140015193.5 92 Qatar140015182.5 93 Suriname140014½184.5 94 Kenya146914½182.0 95 Fiji140014205.5 96 Angola140014192.0 97 Yemen140014179.5 98 Trinidad and Tobago140013½176.0 99 Libya146713½174.5 100 Namibia140013 101 Netherlands Antilles140012½ 102 United States Virgin Islands140012 103 Honduras14009

### Group prizes

In addition to the overall medals, prizes were given out to the best teams in five different seeding groups—in other words, the teams who exceeded their seeding the most. Overall medal winners were not eligible for group prizes.
    Group Prizes GroupSeeding rangeTeamSeedOverall finish A1–20 United States54 B21–42 Czech Republic2210 C43–64 Philippines6026 D65–86 Indonesia6840 E87–103 Algeria8779

### Individual medals

* Performance rating: Zhao Xue 2617
* Board 1: Lubov Zsiltzova-Lisenko (IBCA) 9 / 10 = 90.0%
* Board 2: Fiona Steil-Antoni 10 / 12 = 83.3%
* Board 3: Nora Mohd Saleh 7 / 8 = 87.5%
* Reserve: Tatiana Berlin 7 / 8 = 87.5%

## Overall title

The Nona Gaprindashvili Trophy is awarded to the nation that has the highest total number of game points in the open and women's divisions combined. Where two or more teams are tied, they are ordered by best single finish in either division and then by total number of points scored.
The trophy, named after the former women's World Champion (1961–78), was created by FIDE in 1997.
| # | Team | Open division | Women's division | Total |
| 1 | China | 34 | 27½ | 61½ |
| 2 | Ukraine | 32 | 29½ | 61½ |
| 3 | Armenia | 36 | 24 | 60 |

## Participating teams

Squads representing 133 nations, three international organizations, three constituent countries, two autonomous entities, two crown dependencies, two special administrative regions, two insular areas, and one associated state were entered into the Olympiad, comprising a total of 1307 registered players (some of which did not play).

## FIDE Congress

Concurrent with the chess competition, the 77th FIDE Congress was held in Turin, where delegates from all the national chess federations met to transact business. Incumbent FIDE president Kirsan Ilyumzhinov faced criticisms for alleged mismanagement and corruption, primarily from Western federations, including those of the United States, England, France, and Canada, but, with the support of most Asian and African delegates, notably those representing Russia and Singapore, he staved off a challenge from Dutch businessman Bessel Kok to retain his position through 2010, winning by 96 votes to Kok's 54.
The general assembly also awarded the 38th Chess Olympiad, to be held in 2010, to Khanty-Mansiysk, Russia, the site of the Chess World Cup 2005 and one of five candidates that had submitted bids. The city led after every round of the runoff voting, eventually beating Budva, Montenegro by 71–64.

## Associated events

Held in conjunction with the Olympiad, though not officially sponsored by FIDE, were two computer chess events: the 14th World Computer Chess Championship, played at classical time controls, and the 14th World Computer Speed Chess Championship. The computer Junior won its fifth championship and third in five years in the slower event, while newcomer Ikarus defeated quadruple defending champion Shredder to win the blitz event.