OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Ponova Vas

Ponova Vas (pronounced or; Slovene: Ponova vas, German: Pöndorf) is a village southwest of Grosuplje in central Slovenia. The area is part of the historical region of Lower Carniola. The Municipality of Grosuplje is included in the Central Slovenia Statistical Region. The settlement includes the hamlets of Čemetija, Benat, and Kobiljek.

## Name

Ponova Vas was attested in written sources in 1436 as Penndorff (and as Ponoua vaſs in 1686, Pondorff in 1688, and Panoua vaſs in 1720). In the past the German name was Pöndorf. In the local dialect, the name is pronounced Panova vas. The morphology of the name indicates that it is a possessive form of a personal name, perhaps Old High German Pono or Bono, thus meaning 'Pono's village' or 'Bono's village'. Derivations from *(Žu)panova vьsь 'mayor's village' and from the Italian personal name Beno have been rejected for accentual reasons.

## Notable people

Notable people that were born or lived in Ponova Vas include:
* Josip Perme (1874–1940), mayor of Šent Jurij and discoverer of Mayor Cave (Slovene: Županova jama) in Cerovo
# Iskisyakovo

Iskisyakovo (Russian: Искисяково; Bashkir: Иҫкесәк, İśkesäk) is a rural locality (a village) in Kuzyanovsky Selsoviet, Ishimbaysky District, Bashkortostan, Russia. The population was 68 as of 2010. There is 1 street.

## Geography

Iskisyakovo is located 51 km east of Ishimbay (the district's administrative centre) by road. Kyzyl Oktyabr is the nearest rural locality.
# Dyurtyuli, Davlekanovsky District, Republic of Bashkortostan

Dyurtyuli (Russian: Дюртюли; Bashkir: Дүртөйлө, Dürtöylö) is a rural locality (a selo) and the administrative centre of Kurmankeyevsky Selsoviet, Davlekanovsky District, Bashkortostan, Russia. The population was 317 as of 2010. There are 4 streets.

## Geography

Dyurtyuli is located 12 km southeast of Davlekanovo (the district's administrative centre) by road. Ibrayevo is the nearest rural locality.
# Makrinou

Makrinou (Greek: Μακρινού) is a village and a community in the municipal unit of Makryneia, Aetolia-Acarnania, Greece. The community includes the villages Agia Triada, Agioi Apostoloi, Kypseli and Metaxas. It is located on a mountainside southeast of Lake Trichonida. Makrinou is 2 km southwest of Kato Makrinou, 10 km southeast of Gavalou, and 21 km northwest of Naupactus.

## Population

| Year | Village population | Community population |
| 1981 | - | 425 |
| 1991 | 201 | - |
| 2001 | 214 | 446 |
| 2011 | 131 | 307 |
| 2021 | 130 | 255 |
# Krutikovo

Krutikovo (Russian: Крутиково) is a rural locality (a village) in Dobryansky District, Perm Krai, Russia. The population was 13 as of 2010.

## Geography

Krutikovo is located 67 km north of Dobryanka (the district's administrative centre) by road. Nizhneye Krasnoye is the nearest rural locality.
# Rybalkin, Belgorod Oblast

Rybalkin (Russian: Рыбалкин) is a rural locality (a khutor) in Alexeyevsky District, Belgorod Oblast, Russia. The population was 114 as of 2010. There is 1 street.

## Geography

Rybalkin is located 26 km south of Alexeyevka (the district's administrative centre) by road. Garbuzovo is the nearest rural locality.
# Paraskevi, Grevena

Paraskevi (Greek: Παρασκευή) is a village and a community of the Deskati municipality. Before the 2011 local government reform it was part of the municipality of Deskati, of which it was a municipal district. The 2021 census recorded 91 inhabitants in the village. The community of Paraskevi covers an area of 19.923 km$^2$.
# Belinsky District

Belinsky District (Russian: Бели́нский райо́н) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the twenty-seven in Penza Oblast, Russia. It is located in the west of the oblast. The area of the district is 2,124 square kilometers (820 sq mi). Its administrative center is the town of Belinsky. Population: 28,881 (2010 Census); 33,569 (2002 Census); 38,997 (1989 Soviet census). The population of the administrative center accounts for 29.7% of the district's total population.
# Ozerki, Meleuzovsky District, Republic of Bashkortostan

Ozerki (Russian: Озерки) is a rural locality (a village) in Shevchenkovsky Selsoviet, Meleuzovsky District, Bashkortostan, Russia. The population was 127 as of 2010. There are 2 streets.

## Geography

Ozerki is located 17 km southwest of Meleuz (the district's administrative centre) by road. Antonovka is the nearest rural locality.
# Schenck ene reaction

The Schenck ene reaction or the Schenk reaction is the reaction of singlet oxygen with alkenes to yield hydroperoxides. The hydroperoxides can be reduced to allylic alcohols or eliminate to form unsaturated carbonyl compounds. It is a type II photooxygenation reaction, and is discovered in 1944 by Günther Otto Schenck. Its results are similar to ene reactions, hence its name.

## Reaction conditions

The singlet oxygen reagent can be produced via photochemical activation of triplet oxygen (regular oxygen) in the presence of photosensitizers like rose bengal. Chemical processes like the reaction between hydrogen peroxide and sodium hypochlorite are also viable.

## Mechanism and selectivity

Historically, four mechanisms have been proposed:
Experimental and computational studies show that the reaction actually proceeds via a two step no intermediate process. One can loosely interpret it as a mix of the perepoxide mechanism and the concerted mechanism. There is no perepoxide intermediate as in the classical sense of reaction intermediates, for there exists no energy barrier between it and the hydroperoxide product.
Such a mechanism can account for the selectivity of the Schenck ene reaction. The singlet oxygen is more likely to abstract hydrogen from the side with more C-H bonds due to favorable interactions in the transition state:
Very bulky groups, like the tertiary butyl group, will hinder hydrogen abstraction on that side.

## Applications

The Schenck ene reaction is utilized in the biological and biomimetic synthesis of rhodonoids, yield
Many hydroperoxides derived from fatty acids, steroids, and terpenes are also formed via the Schenck ene reaction. For instance, the generation of cis-3-hexenal from linolenic acid:
It must be noted, however, that this enzyme catalyzed path follows a different mechanism from the usual Schenck ene reaction. Radicals are involved, and triplet oxygen is used instead of singlet oxygen.
# Salaheddine District

Salaheddine District (Arabic: حَيّ صَلَاحُ الدِّين, romanized: Ḥayy Ṣalāḥu d-Dīn) is a district in the southern part of the city of Aleppo, Syria. The district was named after Saladin, the Muslim leader who defeated the Crusaders in the 12th century. The district gained international attention during the Battle of Aleppo in July 2012 as it became a hotly contested battleground between the Syrian Armed Forces and the Free Syrian Army.
The Aleppo International Stadium and the Al-Hamadaniah Stadium are located in the Salaheddine district.
# Kłódzie

Kłódzie is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Skórzec, within Siedlce County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately 8 kilometres (5 mi) west of Skórzec, 18 km (11 mi) south-west of Siedlce, and 72 km (45 mi) east of Warsaw.
# Lachówiec

Lachówiec is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Baboszewo, within Płońsk County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland.
# Lasowice, Masovian Voivodeship

Lasowice is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Jedlnia-Letnisko, within Radom County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately 5 kilometres (3 mi) west of Jedlnia-Letnisko, 8 km (5 mi) east of Radom, and 91 km (57 mi) south of Warsaw.
# Legarda, Poland

Legarda is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Gostynin, within Gostynin County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately 3 kilometres (2 mi) north-east of Gostynin and 105 km (65 mi) west of Warsaw.
# Arkharinsky District

Arkharinsky District (Russian: Архари́нский райо́н) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the twenty in Amur Oblast, Russia. The area of the district is 14,355 square kilometers (5,542 sq mi). Its administrative center is the urban locality (a work settlement) of Arkhara. Population: 17,186 (2010 Census); 21,068 (2002 Census); 27,537 (1989 Soviet census). The population of Arkhara accounts for 55.8% of the district's total population.

## Geography

There is a wide floodplain by the Amur River in the district, to the northeast there is a terraced lowland plain, followed by the hills and plains of the Arkhara River basin, a tributary of the Amur River. To the north rises the southern end of the Turan Range.
# Serp i Molot, Republic of Bashkortostan

Serp i Molot (Russian: Серп и Молот) is a rural locality (a khutor) in Isimovsky Selsoviet, Kugarchinsky District, Bashkortostan, Russia. The population was 16 as of 2010. There is 1 street.

## Geography

Serp i Molot is located 25 km southwest of Mrakovo (the district's administrative centre) by road. Maloisimovo is the nearest rural locality.
# Hashemabad Air Force Base

Hashemabad Air Force Base (Persian: پايگاه پدافندهوائي هاشم اباد – Pāygāh Padāfand Havā’ī-ye Hāshemābād) is a village and military installation in Tudeshk Rural District, Kuhpayeh District, Isfahan County, Isfahan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 503, in 172 families.
# Cape Palinuro

Cape Palinuro (Italian: Capo Palinuro) is located in southwestern Italy, approximately 50 miles (80 km) southeast of Salerno, in southern part of Cilento region. It is supposedly named after Palinurus, the helmsman of Aeneas' ship in Virgil's Aeneid.

## Geography

Located on the Tyrrhenian Sea, the northern side of the cape is the location of Palinuro, a touristic hamlet of Centola. Southern side faces in the Gulf of Policastro, and is 6 km from Marina di Camerota. It features a lighthouse that is the second highest (70 meters or 230 feet), in all of Italy.

### Climate

Climate data for Cabo Palinuro (1991-2020) :
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 13.3 (55.9) | 13.55 (56.39) | 15.7 (60.3) | 18.5 (65.3) | 22.4 (72.3) | 26.6 (79.9) | 29.3 (84.7) | 29.9 (85.8) | 26.6 (79.9) | 22.6 (72.7) | 18.4 (65.1) | 14.7 (58.5) | 20.96 (69.73) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 10.5 (50.9) | 10.4 (50.7) | 12.35 (54.23) | 14.9 (58.8) | 18.7 (65.7) | 22.7 (72.9) | 25.4 (77.7) | 26.1 (79.0) | 22.8 (73.0) | 19.4 (66.9) | 15.4 (59.7) | 11.9 (53.4) | 17.55 (63.58) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 7.8 (46.0) | 7.4 (45.3) | 9.2 (48.6) | 11.5 (52.7) | 15.1 (59.2) | 18.9 (66.0) | 21.6 (70.9) | 22.3 (72.1) | 19.1 (66.4) | 16.2 (61.2) | 12.5 (54.5) | 9.3 (48.7) | 14.2 (57.6) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 84.5 (3.33) | 72.6 (2.86) | 67.8 (2.67) | 62.9 (2.48) | 35.9 (1.41) | 19.7 (0.78) | 13.6 (0.54) | 21.5 (0.85) | 59.0 (2.32) | 85.7 (3.37) | 114.5 (4.51) | 94.6 (3.72) | 732.3 (28.84) |
| Average precipitation days (≥ 1.0 mm) | 8.9 | 8.9 | 8.4 | 7.9 | 4.8 | 2.7 | 1.7 | 2.2 | 7.3 | 7.3 | 10.6 | 10.6 | 81.3 |
| Average relative humidity (%) | 70.9 | 69.37 | 70.98 | 71.56 | 72.61 | 73.03 | 73.07 | 73.9 | 71.79 | 71.15 | 70.98 | 69.72 | 71.59 |
| Average dew point °C (°F) | 4.8 (40.6) | 3.9 (39.0) | 6.1 (43.0) | 8.6 (47.5) | 12.7 (54.9) | 16.1 (61.0) | 19.0 (66.2) | 19.6 (67.3) | 16.4 (61.5) | 12.9 (55.2) | 8.4 (47.1) | 5.4 (41.7) | 11.2 (52.1) |
| Mean monthly sunshine hours | 160.6 | 163.8 | 202.1 | 219.0 | 274.4 | 307.8 | 345.7 | 326.7 | 249.0 | 214.2 | 159.3 | 147.6 | 2,770.2 |
| Source: ncei.noaa.gov, (Precipitation-Dew Point 1981-2010) ||||||||||||||
* ↑ Precipitation, precipitation days and dew point are for the 1981-2010 period.
# Mavrolithari

Mavrolithari (Greek: Μαυρολιθάρι) is a village on Mount Oeta in northern Phocis, Greece, at an altitude of 1,140 m (3,740 ft). Since the 2011 local government reform it is part of the municipality of Delphi, and the municipal unit of Kallieis. Population was 115 in the 2021 census.

## History

Mavrolithari was burnt during the Axis occupation of Greece. During the Italian mopping up operations in May 1943 there was a military campaign by ELAS Ladiou that used Mavrolithari as their base.
# Rafael Artzy

Rafael Artzy (23 July 1912 – 22 August 2006) was an Israeli mathematician specializing in geometry.

## Education and emigration

Artzy was born July 23, 1912, in Königsberg, Germany. His father was Edward I. Deutschlander and his mother Ida Freudenheim. Rafael studied at Königsberg University from 1930 to 1933. He transferred to Hebrew University and obtained a master's degree in 1934. He married Elly Iwiansky on October 12, 1934. Rafael continued his studies at Hebrew University under Theodore Motzkin, obtaining a Ph.D. in 1945. Elly and Rafael raised three children: Ehud, Michal, and Barak. Ehud and Barak died before their father. Michal Artzy is emeritus professor in Marine Civilization at the University of Haifa.
Rafael served as both teacher and principal of Israel High School from 1934 to 1951. He was an instructor and assistant professor at the Israel Institute of Technology from 1951 to 1956.

## American tour

Rafael Artzy took up a position as research associate and lecturer at University of Wisconsin, Madison in 1956. That year he also made his first of many contributions to Mathematical Reviews. Artzy became associate professor at University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill in 1960. The following year Rutgers University made him a full professor. In 1964 he was a visitor at the Institute for Advanced Study. He wrote Linear Geometry (1965) which was favorably reviewed by H. S. M. Coxeter In 1965 Artzy was at State University of New York in Buffalo. In 1967 he joined Temple University where he was for five years.

## Return

In 1972 Rafael Artzy returned to Israel and participated in mathematics at Technion in Haifa. He helped organize a quadrennial conference on geometry at Haifa. For instance, in March 1979 such a conference was held and the proceedings Geometry and Differential Geometry was edited by Artzy and I. Vaisman and published as Lecture Notes in Mathematics #792. In 1992 he published Geometry. An Algebraic Approach Artzy had made 224 contributions to Mathematical Reviews by his last submission in 1995.
# Soft Belarusization

Soft Belarusization or soft Belarusification (Belarusian: мяккая беларусізацыя, romanized: miakkaja biełarusizacyja, Russian: мягкая белорусизация, romanized: myagkaya belorusizatsiya) is an element of the domestic policy of President of Belarus Alexander Lukashenko aimed at the gradual increase of the presence of Belarusian language and partial reversal of the ages of Russification of Belarus.
The first signs of this shift were noticed in 2014 when Lukashenko, for the first time, gave the Independence Day speech in Belarusian. There are several explanations given to this change. Lukashenko himself said it is a warning for those who "encroach on the unity of the nation". Alexander Yarashevich thinks it is an attempt to distance from Russia in view of the (then) recent events in Ukraine. It is also explained as an attempt to enhance the national identity of Belarus by catering to nationalist-oriented opposition movements.
The 2019 document "Doctrine of Information Security of the Republic of Belarus" says: "The Belarusian language, along with constitutionally established bilingualism in the state, contributes to enhancing national identity of the Belarusian society and formation of its spirituality. Expansion of social functions and communicative possibilities of the Belarusian language, its full and comprehensive development alongside other elements of national culture act as guarantor of the state’s humanitarian security." At the same time, Belarusian officials use an evasive language to indicate the "soft Belarusization" means neither distancing from Russia nor a definite turn to the West.
There has also been an observed shift in the attitude to the historical Belarusian symbols and events, which were a sharp rift between the Belarusian establishment and the opposition, including the White-red-white flag and the anniversary of the Belarusian National Republic.
Two new monuments, to Tadeusz Kościuszko and to Duke Algirdas, are also viewed as an element of enhancing the Belarusian identity as well as a confrontation with the Russian World: Kościuszko led a 1794 uprising against the Russian Empire and Algirdas expanded the territory of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania with the lands of the modern Belarus.
The scope of "soft Belarusization" remains limited. In particular, in 2019, the draft-law about the state support of Belarusian language was not accepted.
Even this "soft" policy caused enough criticism from Russia that Lukashenko himself spoke out: "It's disgusting to listen to some of the Russian partisan “tongues” that we've almost got soft Belarusization going on here, that we have something else going on here, that we are almost U-turning somewhere." Russian critics see this policy as Lukashenko's shift away from his support of the Belarus-Russia integration strategy.
# Cartelègue

Cartelègue (French pronunciation:; Occitan: Quartalèga) is a commune in the Gironde department in Nouvelle-Aquitaine in southwestern France.
# Karnaukhivka

Karnaukhivka (Ukrainian: Карнаухівка; Russian: Карнауховка) is a rural settlement in Kamianske Raion, Dnipropetrovsk Oblast, Ukraine. It is located on the right bank of the Dnieper, about 5 kilometres (3.1 mi) southeast of Kamianske. Karnaukhivka belongs to Kamianske urban hromada, one of the hromadas of Ukraine. Population: 6,600 (2022 estimate).

## History

Until 18 July 2020, Karnaukhivka belonged to Kamianske municipality, the administrative division subordinated to the city of oblast significance of Kamianske. The municipality was abolished in July 2020 as part of the administrative reform of Ukraine, which reduced the number of raions of Dnipropetrovsk Oblast to seven. The area of Kamianske Municipality was merged into the newly established Kamianske Raion.
Until 26 January 2024, Karnaukhivka was designated urban-type settlement. On this day, a new law entered into force which abolished this status, and Karnaukhivka became a rural settlement.

## Economy
### Transportation

The railway which connects Dnipro and Kamianske with further connections to Kryvyi Rih crosses Karnaukhivka. There are two railway stops on this railway within Karnaukhivka, 164 km and 165 km. Another railway runs from Dnipro to the center of Kamianske, but it does not have passenger service.
Karnaukhivka has a network of paved roads which connect it with both Dnipro and Kamianske.
# Muddy Magnolias

Muddy Magnolias was a rock band from Nashville, Tennessee, formed by Jessy Wilson and Kallie North in 2014. After their performance at the CMA Music Festival that August, Rolling Stone deemed them best unsigned duo, describing their performance to be "as if Mick Jagger and Keith Richards inhabited the Indigo Girls". In May 2015, they were featured in Elle Magazine's Women in Music Issue. They have played with artists including Gary Clark Jr., Grace Potter, Zac Brown Band and Kid Rock. 2016 saw their performance at a number of festivals including Hangout Fest, Lollapalooza, and Austin City Limits. In September, they were featured in the Wall Street Journal's Speakeasy blog for their song "Leave it to the Sky". Their debut album Broken People was released October 14. on Third Generation Records. Kallie North left the band at the end of 2017.

## Biography

Jessy Wilson and Kallie North met through a photograph in 2013. Wilson, a Brooklyn native, came to Nashville looking for new opportunities to branch out as a singer-songwriter after having previously visited the city with her mentor John Legend, with whom she collaborated and toured as a backing vocalist. North, originally from Beaumont, Texas, worked as a photographer before deciding to pursue a career in music. Her photo of a juke joint piano served as the impetus for the Muddy Magnolias's formation after Jessy saw it on a Music Row desk. They were signed to I.R.S. Records but the label closed before they could release an album. Their sound has subsequently been described as "melding city grit and delta dirt".

## Discography
### Albums

* Broken People (2016)

### EPs

* Muddy Magnolias (2015)

### Singles

* "American Woman" (2015)
* "Brother, What Happened?" (2016)
* "Broken People" (2016)
* "Leave It to the Sky" (2016)
* "Why Don't You Stay?" (2016)
* "Devil's Teeth" (2017)
* "Shine On!" (2017)
* "Down by the Riverside" (2022)

### Music videos

| Year | Video | Director |
| 2016 | "Brother, What Happened?" | Reid Long |
| 2017 | "Devil's Teeth" | Reid Long |
# John Entrican

John Cuthbertson Entrican (24 September 1908 — 19 May 1985) was an Irish international rugby union player.
The son of a Presbyterian minister, Entrican was a Queen's University Belfast, Ulster and Ireland fullback.
Entrican debuted for Ireland during the 1931 Five Nations Championship, deputising an injured James Egan at fullback for a match against Scotland at Lansdowne Road. His performance received mixed reviews, but Ireland were able to secure a 8–5 win. This remained his only international appearance.
# Robertsfors

Robertsfors is a locality and the seat of Robertsfors Municipality in Västerbotten County, Sweden with 2,004 inhabitants in 2010.
Robertsfors is named after the Scotsman Robert Finlay, who, together with John Jennings, founded an ironworks there in 1751.

## Well known people from Robertsfors

* Maria Andersson, musician, member of Sahara Hotnights
* Josephine Forsman, musician, member of Sahara Hotnights and Casablanca
* Jennie Asplund, musician, member of Sahara Hotnights
* Johanna Asplund, musician, member of Sahara Hotnights
* Frida Hyvönen, musician
* Jennifer Granholm, second-generation descendant of Swedish Canadian emigrants from Robertsfors, where her great-grandfather was mayor
# Novyi Svit

Novyi Svit or Novy Svet (Ukrainian: Новий Світ; Russian: Но́вый Свет; Crimean Tatar: Novıy Svet; lit. 'New World' or 'New Community') is a resort and urban-type settlement in Sudak Municipality in the Autonomous Republic of Crimea, a territory recognized by a majority of countries as part of Ukraine and incorporated by Russia as the Republic of Crimea. It is known for Novyi Svit sparkling wine produced there. Champagne production was introduced into Novyi Svit by a local landowner, Prince Lev Golitsyn, in the late 19th century. Population: 1,248 (2014 Census).
The town is situated in a very scenic area where numerous Soviet movies were filmed. It boasts some fine beaches, a couple of resort hotels (one of which was supposed to be for Soviet cosmonauts), a several km tunnel inside a mountain where a factory stores its products, and a large juniper forest.
* Bay of Novy Svet
* A Juniper forest in Novyi Svit
* Holitsynska path
* Muzikal'niy cave
* Wine storage, Winery
* Delilimanskaya cove

## Notable people

* Danylo Matviienko (born 1990), Ukrainian baritone