OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Człopa

Człopa (German: Schloppe) is a town in Wałcz County of the West Pomeranian Voivodeship in northwestern Poland. During the years 1975 to 1998, the city was administratively part of the Piła Voivodeship. As of December 2021, it has a population of 2,277.
Located in the Wałcz Lake District on three lakes, Człopa is just east of the scenic Drawska Wilderness area which includes Drawieński National Park.

## History

Viritium, a Germanic city in the 2nd century as shown on the map of Greek geographer Ptolemy, existed at the site of present-day Człopa.
Człopa is an ancient town that was part of Poland since the 12th Century, guarding its northern and western borders after the loss of the areas located more north and west. By 1245 Człopa was granted town rights. By the end of the 13th century, the Czarnkowski family of the Nałęcz szlachta received possession of the region around Człopa from Przemysł II, Duke of Greater Poland. The grant included permission to raise a hill-fort. Only portions of the hill-fort's walls have survived to the present time. In the early 14th-century the town was briefly occupied by the Margraviate of Brandenburg, before it was recovered by Polish King Casimir III the Great in 1368. In 1406 it was ravaged by the Teutonic Knights. Administratively it was located in the Poznań Voivodeship in the Greater Poland Province. Człopa belonged to various Polish noble families, including Opaliński, Leszczyński, Poniatowski and Sułkowski. One of the most famous owners was the Queen consort of Poland Catherine Opalińska, wife of King Stanisław Leszczyński. The oldest known image of Człopa's coat of arms dates back to 1601. During the Swedish occupation of Poland, in 1658, a concentration of Polish troops led by Stefan Czarniecki, a national hero of Poland, was ordered near Człopa.
Człopa was annexed by Prussia in 1772 during the First Partition of Poland. From 1806 to 1814 it was controlled by France. From 1871 it was part of Germany and the post-World War II Treaty of Versailles did not restore the town, along with the northern outskirts of historic Greater Poland, to the re-established Polish Republic. In the final stages of World War II, in January 1945, the Germans evacuated the town's population. From January 29 to February 3, heavy fighting took place there between Nazi Germany and the Soviet Union. After the war, the town eventually returned to Poland.

## Transport

National road 22 from Kostrzyn nad Odrą to Braniewo passes through Człopa as does regional road 177. One rail line passes through the city, but service has been discontinued for a number of years.

## Notable people

* Richard Bock (1865–1949) an American sculptor and associate of Frank Lloyd Wright.
* Jacek Ratajczak (born 1973) a retired Polish footballer
# Pallantides

In Greek mythology, the Pallantidae (Ancient Greek: Παλλαντίδαι, romanized: Pallantídai, lit. 'sons of Pallas') were the fifty sons of Pallas, younger brother of Aegeus, king of Athens.

## Mythology

Diodorus Siculus related that the Pallantidae once became friends with Androgeos, a son of Minos, and that was why Aegeus had Androgeos assassinated, fearing that Pallas and his sons could use this friendship to get assistance from the powerful Minos against him. The Pallantidae and their father marched against Theseus and Aegeus in order to seize the throne; according to Plutarch, one half of them under command of Pallas openly marched on Athens from Sphettus, while the other half laid in ambush near Gargettus. However, their herald Leos warned Theseus of their schemes and Theseus pre-emptively ambushed the Pallantidae and killed all those at Gargettus, whereupon the other half retreated. Other sources state that Theseus killed all the fifty Pallantidae as well as Pallas. A tradition saying that he spared their sister, Aricia, whom he kept as slave, is followed in Jean Racine's Phèdre but is not supported by extant genuinely ancient sources.
Ovid mentioned two of the Pallantidae, Butes and Clytus, as companions of Cephalus. but other than this, no individual names of any of the Pallantidae survived.
Some scholars believe that the east frieze of the Hephaisteion depicts the battle of Theseus against the Pallantidae.
# Fidor Bank

Fidor Bank was a German direct bank that operated from 2009 until it ceased operations in July 2023.

## History

The bank was founded in 2009 in Munich, Germany.
In 2015, it made a market foray into the UK. In July 2016, it was announced that Fidor Bank was being acquired by France's Groupe BPCE for €100m. As of September 2016, Fidor Bank continued to operate under its own branding.
On 1 July 2019 Fidor Bank announced that it would suspend its services in the UK on 15 September 2019 owing to uncertainties about the UK market.
# Saint-Goin

Saint-Goin (French pronunciation:; Occitan: Sent Goen; Basque: Sangoine) is a commune in the Pyrénées-Atlantiques department in south-western France.
# Tanout Airport

Tanout Airport (ICAO: DRZT) is an airport serving Tanout in Zinder Region of southern Niger. It is 15 kilometres (9.3 mi) west of the city centre, and its runway is 950 metres (3,120 ft) by 45 metres (148 ft).
# Godfrey Ashby

Godfrey William Ernest Candler Ashby (6 November 1930 – 29 December 2023) was a British Anglican bishop, theologian, and academic. From 1980 to 1985, he was the eighth Bishop of St John's in the Anglican Church of Southern Africa. From 1988 to 1995, he was the Assistant Bishop of Leicester in the Church of England.

## Early life

Ashby was educated at The King's School in Chester, Cheshire. After two years in the British Army Intelligence Corps, he studied at King's College London, and graduated in 1954 with a Bachelor of Divinity (BD) degree and the Associateship of King's College (AKC). He was an Overseas Visiting Scholar at St John's College, Cambridge, in 1975. He also became a Doctor of Philosophy (PhD).

## Ordained ministry

Ashby was ordained in the Church of England as a deacon in 1955 and as a priest in 1955. His first post was as a Curate in the Parish of St Helier in the Diocese of Southwark.
In 1958, Ashby emigrated to South Africa. Here he rose steadily in the church hierarchy, being successively: Subwarden of St Paul's College, Grahamstown; Rector of Alice, Eastern Cape; lecturer at the Federal Theological Seminary, Alice; a senior lecturer in Old Testament and Hebrew at Rhodes University; Dean of Grahamstown and Archdeacon in the Diocese of Grahamstown.

### Episcopal ministry

In 1980, Ashby was consecrated a bishop. From 1980 to 1985, he served as diocesan Bishop of St John's. He was then professor of Divinity at the University of the Witwatersrand and an assistant bishop in the Anglican Diocese of Johannesburg.
In 1988, Ashby moved back to England. He served as the Assistant Bishop of Leicester in the Diocese of Leicester from 1988 to 1995. Additionally, he was Priest-in-Charge of All Saints, Newtown Linford between 1992 and 1995. In 1993, he was made an Honorary Canon of Leicester Cathedral.
Ashby retired from full-time ministry in 1995. He returned to South Africa, where he served as an Assistant Bishop in the Diocese of George. In 2008, he returned to England. He served as an honorary assistant bishop in the Diocese of Portsmouth between 2008 and 2011 and in the Diocese of Exeter (in which he lived at Broadclyst, Devon) from 2011 until he entered full retirement at the College of St Barnabas in Surrey in 2017.

## Personal life

Bishop Ashby was married to Valerie "Sally" Ashby, née Hawtree (she died on 7 October 2015). Together, they had six children: Garmon, John Mark, Mary, Philip, Ruth, and Charles.

## Publications

* Theodoret of Cyrrhus as exegete of the Old Testament. Grahamstown: Rhodes University. 1972. ISBN 9780949980168.
* Sacrifice: its nature and purpose. SCM. 1988. ISBN 978-0-334-01437-9.
* Go Out and Meet God: A Commentary on the Book of Exodus. Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing. January 1998. ISBN 978-0-8028-4332-6.
* Translation of The Stone Mason of Saint-Point by Alphonse de Lamartine. Cambridge Scholars Publishing. February 2016. ISBN 1-4438-7798-0
# Qeshlaq-e Hajj Dowlat Yadollah

Qeshlaq-e Hajj Dowlat Yadollah (Persian: قشلاق حاج دولت يداله, also Romanized as Qeshlāq-e Ḩājj Dowlat Yadollah) is a village in Qeshlaq-e Shomali Rural District, in the Central District of Parsabad County, Ardabil Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 17, in 5 families.
# Junior Etoundi

Junior Etoundi (born 30 January 1999) is a French professional footballer.

## Career
### Covilhã

On 31 January 2020 Covilhã confirmed, that they had signed Etoundi.
# Vital Rahozhkin

Vital Rahozhkin (Belarusian: Віталь Рагожкін; Russian: Виталий Рогожкин; born 21 January 1976 in Minsk) is a retired Belarusian professional footballer.

## Career
### Coaching career

From 2011 till 2015 he worked as a coach at BATE Borisov. In January 2016 he joined Smolevichi-STI. He then returned to BATE Borisov. As of October 2019, he was still working for BATE.

## Honours

Lokomotiv-96 Vitebsk
* Belarusian Cup winner: 1997–98
BATE Borisov
* Belarusian Premier League champion: 1999, 2002
# Razac-sur-l'Isle

Razac-sur-l'Isle (French pronunciation:, literally Razac on the Isle; Occitan: Rasac d'Eila) is a commune in the Dordogne department in Nouvelle-Aquitaine in southwestern France. Razac station has rail connections to Bordeaux, Périgueux, Brive-la-Gaillarde and Limoges.

## Population

| Year | Pop. | ±% p.a. |
| 1793 | 950 | — |
| 1800 | 714 | −4.00% |
| 1806 | 763 | +1.11% |
| 1821 | 829 | +0.55% |
| 1831 | 869 | +0.47% |
| 1836 | 858 | −0.25% |
| 1841 | 846 | −0.28% |
| 1846 | 889 | +1.00% |
| 1851 | 895 | +0.13% |
| 1856 | 923 | +0.62% |
| 1861 | 897 | −0.57% |
| 1866 | 855 | −0.95% |
| 1872 | 865 | +0.19% |
| 1876 | 910 | +1.28% |
| 1881 | 932 | +0.48% |
| 1886 | 995 | +1.32% |
| 1891 | 880 | −2.43% |
| 1896 | 862 | −0.41% |
| Year | Pop. | ±% p.a. |
| 1901 | 811 | −1.21% |
| 1906 | 809 | −0.05% |
| 1911 | 723 | −2.22% |
| 1921 | 783 | +0.80% |
| 1926 | 829 | +1.15% |
| 1931 | 829 | +0.00% |
| 1936 | 837 | +0.19% |
| 1946 | 941 | +1.18% |
| 1954 | 1,065 | +1.56% |
| 1962 | 1,218 | +1.69% |
| 1968 | 1,364 | +1.90% |
| 1975 | 1,702 | +3.21% |
| 1982 | 2,062 | +2.78% |
| 1990 | 2,212 | +0.88% |
| 1999 | 2,276 | +0.32% |
| 2007 | 2,422 | +0.78% |
| 2012 | 2,414 | −0.07% |
| 2017 | 2,395 | −0.16% |
Source: EHESS and INSEE (1968-2017) :
# Razeh, Gilan

Razeh (Persian: رزه, also Romanized as Rezeh) is a village in Kuhestani-ye Talesh Rural District, in the Central District of Talesh County, Gilan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 304, in 66 families.
# Oskar von Hinüber

Oskar von Hinüber (born 18 February 1939 in Hanover) is a German Indologist. He joined the German Navy after leaving high school, and holds the rank of commander as a reservist. From 1960 to 1966 he studied at University of Tübingen, University of Erlangen–Nuremberg ,and University of Mainz, receiving his Ph.D. in 1966. From 1965 to 1981 von Hinüber served as assistant and then associate professor at Mainz and from 1981 was a professor of Indology at the University of Freiburg. He retired in March 2006.
Von Hinüber's special interests are Pāli, Sanskrit, and Middle Indo-Aryan languages, the history of technology in South Asia, inscriptions of the Northwest, and manuscripts and manuscript traditions in South and Southeast Asia. Among his many publications, the Handbook of Pali Literature is especially indicative of his comprehensive learning and scholarly authority.

## Publications

* A Handbook of Pali Literature (Berlin: de Gruyter, 1996. ISBN 3-11-014992-3)
* Indiens Weg in die Moderne
* Kleine Schriften (Veröffentlichungen der Glasenapp-Stiftung)
# Stanisław Borek House

The House of Stanisław Borek (Polish: Dom Stanisława Borka) was a residence at Wawel Castle in Kraków, Poland.
It was constructed in 1551 for the canon Stanisław Borka, who was a diplomat and secretary of King Sigismund I the Old. Only its foundations are left remaining and there are intentions to reconstruct it.
# Oktyabrsky District, Primorsky Krai

Oktyabrsky District (Russian: Октя́брьский райо́н) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the twenty-two in Primorsky Krai, Russia. It is located in the southwest of the krai. The area of the district is 1,632.8 square kilometers (630.4 sq mi). Its administrative center is the rural locality (a selo) of Pokrovka. Population: 30,060 (2010 Census); 34,367 (2002 Census); 39,973 (1989 Soviet census). The population of Pokrovka accounts for 34.5% of the district's total population.

## Notable residents

* Alexandra Kim (1885–1918), Korean revolutionary political activist, born in the Korean village of Sinelnikovo
* Valery Zorkin (born 1943), Chairman of the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation, born in Konstantinovka
# Lanžhot

Lanžhot (German: Landshut) is a town in Břeclav District in the South Moravian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 3,600 inhabitants. Located on the border with Austria and Slovakia, it is the southernmost Moravian town.

## Etymology

The original Latin name Lanczhut and the German name Landshut meant 'land guard', referring to its location on the border between Austria and Kingdom of Hungary. The Czech name is transcription of the original name.

## Geography

Lanžhot is located about 7 kilometres (4 mi) southeast of Břeclav and 56 km (35 mi) southeast of Brno. It lies in the Lower Morava Valley. The municipal territory is located on the border with Austria and Slovakia.
The eastern border (with Slovakia) is formed by the Morava River and the western border (with Austria) is partly formed by the Thaya River. Their confluence forms the tripoint of the Czech Republic, Austria and Slovakia. Other notable watercourses in Lanžhot are the Kyjovka River (which joins the Thaya on the Czech-Austrian border) and the Svodnice Stream (which joins the Kyjovka near the town proper).
The area of the confluence of the Morava and Thaya, which also includes many pools, oxbow lakes and channels, is the most valuable ichthyological site in the country. About 80% of native Czech fish species can be found there, and 15% of them live only there.

## History

The first written mention of Lanžhot is from 1384.

## Demographics

| Year | Pop. | ±% |
| 1869 | 2,435 | — |
| 1880 | 2,700 | +10.9% |
| 1890 | 2,780 | +3.0% |
| 1900 | 2,972 | +6.9% |
| 1910 | 3,176 | +6.9% |
| Year | Pop. | ±% |
| 1921 | 3,523 | +10.9% |
| 1930 | 3,882 | +10.2% |
| 1950 | 3,657 | −5.8% |
| 1961 | 3,996 | +9.3% |
| 1970 | 3,926 | −1.8% |
| Year | Pop. | ±% |
| 1980 | 3,944 | +0.5% |
| 1991 | 3,753 | −4.8% |
| 2001 | 3,771 | +0.5% |
| 2011 | 3,653 | −3.1% |
| 2021 | 3,437 | −5.9% |
Source: Censuses :

## Transport

The D2 motorway passes through Lanžhot. On the Czech-Slovak border are two road border crossings and one rail border crossing.

## Sights

Lanžhot is poor in monuments. The only protected cultural monuments are two homesteads from the second half of the 20th century and a statue of a Red Army soldier from 1953.
The main landmark is the Church of the Exaltation of the Holy Cross. There was an old church, which was completely rebuilt in 1893. Only the sacristy, the chancel and the ascent to the bell tower remained from the old church.

## Notable people

* Edmund von Krieghammer (1832–1906), Austrian general
* Antonín Bartoš (1910–1998), soldier and resistance fighter

## Twin towns – sister cities

Lanžhot is twinned with:
* Rabensburg, Austria
# Valdai Hills

The Valdai Hills, sometimes shortened to Valdai, are an upland region in the north-west of central European Russia running north–south, about midway between Saint Petersburg and Moscow, spanning Leningrad, Novgorod, Tver, Pskov, and Smolensk Oblasts.
The Valdai Hills are a popular tourist destination, particularly for fishing. The towns of Ostashkov and Valday are also known for their historical associations.
Valdaysky National Park was established in 1990 in the southern part of Novgorod Oblast to protect the landscapes of the highest part of the hills. The park includes Lake Valdayskoye and the northern section of Lake Seliger, as well as the town of Valday. Since 2004, the National Park has the status of a UNESCO Biosphere Reserve.

## Geography and geology

The hills are a northward extension of the Central Russian Upland. To the northwest stretches the Vepsian Upland. The ridge is overlain by deposited glacial materials in the form of terminal moraines and other detritus. The Valdai Hills reach their maximum height of 346.9 m (1,138 ft) near Vyshny Volochyok.
The Volga, the Daugava (the Western Dvina), the Lovat, the Msta, the Dnieper, the Syas, and other rivers originate in the Valdai Hills. The region thus is divided among the drainage basins of the Caspian Sea (the Volga), the Black Sea (the Dnieper), and the Baltic Sea (the Msta and the Lovat via the Volkhov, the Syas via Lake Ladoga and the Neva, and the Daugava).
It is a place of many lakes, among them Lake Volgo, Lake Peno, Lake Seliger, Lake Brosno, and Lake Valdayskoye.
During the last glacial period, the Valdai Hills with its hard rocks posed an obstacle to the glacier ice that advances from northwest, diverting the ice into the lowlands.
# People's Artist (TV series)

People's Artist (Russian: Народный Артист, romanized: Narodny Artist) was a Russian music competition television series, based on the popular British reality television series Pop Idol. It was produced by RTR in association with FBI Music and FremantleMedia. Season 1 and 2 were hosted by Fyokla Tolstaya and Ivan Urgant.
People's Artist remains today the only Idol series to feature miming in their "best of" show (Финальный Концерт final'niy kontsert) where none of the contestants sang live.

## Season 1

Aleksey Goman won season one, with Aleksandr Panayotov coming in second.

### Finalists

(ages stated at time of contest)
| Contestant | Age | Hometown | Voted Off | Liveshow Theme |
| Aleksey Goman | 20 | | Winner | Grand Finale |
| Aleksandr Panayotov | 19 | | 19 December 2003 | Grand Finale |
| Aleksey Chumakov | 22 | | 5 December 2003 | Songs by Alla Pugacheva/Filipp Kirkorov |
| Mariya Zaytseva | 20 | | 28 November 2003 | Songs by Igor Krutoy |
| Oksana Kazakova | 21 | | 21 November 2003 | Contestant's Choice |
| Anna Alina | 22 | | 14 November 2003 | Songs by Igor Nikolaev |
| Natalya Pavolotskaya | 19 | | 6 November 2003 | Film Songs |
| Irina Toporez | 22 | | 31 October 2003 | Songs by David Tukhmanov |
| Yuliya Valeeva | 25 | | 24 October 2003 | Rhythm and Melody |
| Irina Chernishova | 20 | Saint Petersburg | 17 October 2003 | Old Songs |

## Season 2

Kyiv, Ukraine and Minsk, Belarus were included in the auditions this season which resulted in almost all finalists from that season coming from one of the two countries and no auditions outside of Russia being held in the next season.

### Finalists

(ages stated at time of contest)
| Contestant | Age | Hometown | Voted Off | Liveshow Theme |
| Ruslan Alehno | 22 | Minsk | Winner | Grand Finale |
| Paulina Dmitrenko | 20 | Kharkiv | 19 December 2004 | Grand Finale |
| Yury Ignatov | 26 | Tyumen | 11 December 2004 | |
| Yuliya Vdovenko | 20 | Kyiv | 4 December 2004 | |
| Evgeniy Anishko | 20 | Kyiv | 20 November 2004 | |
| Vera Karetnikova | 20 | Minsk | 13 November 2004 | |
| Dilyara Vagapova | 19 | Kazan | 6 November 2004 | |
| Vladislav Shlykov | 24 | Pavlohrad | 30 October 2004 | |
| Tatyana Kazyuchits | 18 | Minsk | 23 October 2004 | |
| Darya Urizchenko | 25 | Minsk | 16 October 2004 | |

## Season 3

This season had auditions in Moscow, Voronezh, Saratov, Kazan, Kaliningrad, Saint Petersburg, Irkutsk and Chelyabinsk. The 125 chosen candidates (35 males and 90 females) advanced to Moscow in the theatre round where they were reduced to 10 finalists to perform live on television. Season three was hosted by Olga Shelest and Oskar Kuchera. On 3 June 2006 Amarkhuu Borkhuu won with 61.7% of the vote over Marina Devyatova.
The jury this season was:
* Evgeniy Fridlyand
* Maksim Dunayevsky
* Gennady Khazanov
* Alena Sviridova
# Johannes Hürter

Johannes Hürter (born 17 December 1963) is a German historian. He is the director of the Munich research division of the Institute of Contemporary History. His research interests focus mainly on the history of Nazi Germany and on post-war anti-terrorism policy.

## Career

Hürter was born in Hamburg. He studied history, German and musicology at the Heidelberg University and the University of Mainz. In 1992 he received his doctorate from the University of Mainz, his thesis was on Wilhelm Groener, the Reich Minister of Defence of the Weimar Republic.
In 2005, Hürter completed his habilitation with his book Hitler's Heerfuhrer, which was created as part of the Institute of Contemporary History project, The Wehrmacht during the Nazi Dictatorship. The book was rated as a groundbreaking work in historical review journals such as H-Soz-u-Kult and Sehepunkte. His work also received positive reviews in the national press such as the Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung, Süddeutsche Zeitung and Die Zeit.
From 1992 to 1995 Hürter was a postdoctoral fellow of the German Research Foundation and a member of the historical commission at the Bavarian Academy of Sciences and Humanities. He then worked for two years as a researcher at the Federal Foreign Office in Bonn. Hürter has been a research associate at the Munich Institute for Contemporary History (IfZ) since August 1998. In the early 2010s, he became Head of Research Department Munich. He is also the editor of the institute's quarterly journals for contemporary history and their other publications. Hürter is also an adjunct professor in the Department of Modern History of the University of Mainz.
# Ashkutan

Ashkutan (Persian: اشكوتان, also Romanized as Ashkūtān) is a village in Akhtachi-ye Sharqi Rural District, Simmineh District, Bukan County, West Azerbaijan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 170, in 37 families.
# Norwegian Federation of Organisations of Disabled People

The Norwegian Federation of Organisations of Disabled People (Norwegian: Funksjonshemmedes Fellesorganisasjon, FFO) is an umbrella organization for interest organizations of disabled people in Norway.
It was founded on 21 September 1950. Originally named Landsnemnda av de delvis arbeidsføres organisasjoner, its current name dates from 1974.