OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Afon Clarach

Afon Clarach (Welsh pronunciation:; also known as the River Clarach) is a small river discharging into Cardigan Bay north of Aberystwyth. It flows through a largely agricultural and forested landscape except in its lowest reaches where its banks are crowded with holiday developments. The Clarach is formed at the confluence of the Afon Stewi and Nant Seilo at Penrhyncoch, with both their headwaters originating in low hills at the edge of the Plynlimon range. The course of the river takes it past the Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences (a part of Aberystwyth University), and the village of Bow Street. Between Bow Street and Llangorwen, the river is joined by the Bow Street Brook.
In past centuries, the upper reaches of the river have been affected by lead and silver mining and the quality of the river has suffered as a result. There is some organic pollution from diffuse agricultural inputs and from the discharge of treated sewage from the Bow Street sewage treatment works.
The river discharges into the sea over the beach at Clarach Bay thus limiting the population of migratory fish able to access the river. Consequently, Atlantic salmon and sea-trout are rare, however brown trout, brook lampreys, millers thumb and stone loach are commonly found.
# Tarek kour

Tarek Kour, an Algerian politician, was born on April 18, 1977, in the city of Annaba, in eastern Algeria. He is a judge and an Algerian official who has held several high-ranking positions in the justice sector. He also served as the head of the National Body for the Prevention and Fight Against Corruption, He has authored numerous books and publications.

## Education

* PhD in International Criminal Law – 2013
* Master’s in Criminal Law – 2012
* Bachelor’s in Judiciary – National Institute of Judiciary – Algeria – 2003
* Specialized Studies Certificate in Business Law – Higher School of Banking – Algeria – 2006
* Specialized Studies Certificate in Bribery and Methods of Combating It – National School of Administration – France – 2009
# Ventral posteromedial nucleus

The ventral posteromedial nucleus (VPM) is a nucleus within the ventral posterior nucleus of the thalamus and serves an analogous somatosensory relay role for the ascending trigeminothalamic tracts as its lateral neighbour the ventral posterolateral nucleus serves for dorsal column–medial lemniscus pathway 2nd-order neurons.
The term "ventral posteromedial nucleus" was introduced by Le Gros Clark in 1930.

## Afferents and efferents
### Orofacial somatosensory

The VPM receives second-order general somatic afferent fibers from the ventral trigeminal tract and the dorsal trigeminal tract which convey general somatic sensory information from the face and oral cavity (including touch, pressure, temperature, pain, and propriception). Proprioceptive synapses are situated anteriorly, ones mediating touch in the middle, and nociceptive ones posteriorly.
Third-order neurons in turn project to the somatosensory cortex in the postcentral gyrus.

### Taste

The VPM receives second-order taste special visceral afferents from the solitary nucleus. These synapse in the medial-most portion of the VPM, which is sometimes referred to as the accessory arcuate nucleus.
Third-order neurons in turn project to the gustatory cortex.

### Visceral sensations

The VPM likely also receives some general visceral afferents from the solitary tract conveying non-nociceptive visceral conscious sensations.

## Subareas
### VPMpc

The VPMpc is the parvicellular part of the ventral posteromedial nucleus. The VPMpc receives ipsilateral projection inputs from the medial parabrachial nucleus, the "gustatory responsive waist region" of the parabrachial nucleus (which has inputs from the solitary nucleus). The axons of these VPMpc relay neurons make synapses with neurons in all layers of the gustatory cortex.
The VPMpc is argued by some as not actually a part of the VPM, because it does not project to the somatosensory cortex as the remainder of the VPM does, and therefore should be called the basal ventromedial (or ventral medial) nucleus (VMb) instead. However, later authors have retained the VPMpc abbreviation, meaning the parvicellular part of the VPM.
# Bézues-Bajon

Bézues-Bajon (French pronunciation:; Occitan: Besuas e Bajon) is a commune in the Gers department in southwestern France.
# Republican Democratic Concentration

The Republican Democratic Concentration (Italian: Concentrazione Democratica Repubblicana; CDR) was a liberal and republican list which contested in the Italian general election of 1946. It was formed in February 1946 by Ferruccio Parri, a former Prime Minister of Italy, and Ugo La Malfa, following a split from the Action Party (PdA) which had just turned on socialist ideas. The two parties that merged into the CDR were:
* the Movement of Republican Democracy (Movimento della Democrazia Repubblicana), born on the initiative of Ferruccio Parri and Ugo La Malfa, who had left the Action Party during the first national congress held in February 1946. The movement also joined Oronzo Reale, Bruno Visentini and, initially, Altiero Spinelli;
* the Progressive Liberal Movement (Movimento Liberale Progressista), founded following the split, within the Italian Liberal Party, of the left faction against the creation of the National Democratic Union.
Its symbol was a black shield with a star above a little helmet.
The election gave poor results for both the CDR and the PdA. The CDR obtained only 0.4% of the votes and only the two leaders were elected, that decided to join the Republican group in the Constituent Assembly. In September, the CDR merged into the Italian Republican Party.
# Sérignac, Lot

Sérignac (French pronunciation:; Occitan: Serinhac) is a commune in the Lot department in south-western France.
# Belskoye, Republic of Bashkortostan

Belskoye (Russian: Бельское) is a rural locality (a selo) in Alataninsky Selsoviet, Sterlitamaksky District, Bashkortostan, Russia. The population was 1,144 as of 2010. There are 9 streets.

## Geography

Belskoye is located 24 km northeast of Sterlitamak (the district's administrative centre) by road. Zabelskoye is the nearest rural locality.
# I Travel Alone

I Travel Alone (Norwegian: Jeg reiser alene) is a 2011 Norwegian drama film directed by Stian Kristiansen. It is a sequel to The Man Who Loved Yngve from 2008 and was followed by the prequel The Orheim Company in 2012.

## Plot

Jarle Klepp is 25-year-old literature student (onomastic, Marcel Proust) at the University of Bergen in Norway. He suddenly discovers he has a 7-year-old daughter, when the mother (with whom he once had a one-night stand) sends her to him to take care for her for a week. He struggles with his new role, loses his girlfriend to his teacher and gets again close to the mother during a costume party for the children.
# Hinna Church

Hinna Church (Norwegian: Hinna kirke) is a parish church of the Church of Norway in the southern part of the large Stavanger Municipality in Rogaland county, Norway. It is located in the borough of Hinna in the southern part of the city of Stavanger. It is the church for the Hinna parish which is part of the Ytre Stavanger prosti (deanery) in the Diocese of Stavanger. The brick church was built in a rectangular design in 1967 using designs by the architects Eyvind Retzius and Svein Bjoland. The church seats about 700 people. The church was consecrated on 29 October 1967.
# Industrial Marketing and Purchasing Group

The Industrial Marketing and Purchasing Group or International Marketing and Purchasing Group (abbreviated IMP Group) is a European research initiative in the field of Industrial marketing established in 1976 by researchers from different countries and universities in Europe. It has evolved into an "informal international group of scholars concerned with developing concepts and knowledge in the field of business-to-business marketing and purchasing", and is also concerned with marketing and purchasing in a business-to-consumer context. The group is also called the Nordic school of marketing.

## History

In 1976 the Industrial Marketing and Purchasing Group started as a joint research project of scientists for the Swedish University of Uppsala, the British University of Bath and University of Manchester Institute of Science and Technology, the French Ecole Superieure de Commerce, Lyon (now EMLYON Business School), and the German Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich. The IMP Group (2010) explained:
   The first IMP Group research project was developed on the basis of empirical observations which did not fit into the mainstream economic theories’ assumption about an atomistic market: Industrial marketing and purchasing appeared to take place within stable, long-term business relationships. But why do companies develop these interdependencies? What benefits could outweigh the drawbacks of being dependent on others? These and other related research questions have triggered a large number of empirical studies over the past three decades of the “doing of business”, carried out by increasing numbers of researchers. These scholars have investigated a wide variety of interactions between individual companies and organisations as well as the wider network that surrounds them. These empirical studies, including issues such as marketing, purchasing, technological development, management, logistics, business communities and policy all challenge mainstream business theory and call for theoretical tools that allow investigations of the interactive aspects of the business landscape.
The initial research of the IMP Group, as Stephen Young acknowledged, added "significantly to the knowledge of how companies in industrial markets develop their international activities and what has contributed to the success of companies". Möller and Wilson (1995) mentioned that this "work of the IMP Group can be accessed through Hakansson (1982) and Ford (1990)."
In 2012 Rider et al. confirmed that "the work of the IMP Group is reported in some dozen books, about 2,000 papers and more than 130 Ph.D. studies", based on data from the IMP Group website in 2009.
# Jarvis Catoe

Jarvis Theodore Roosevelt Catoe (November 2, 1904 – January 15, 1943), sometimes referred to as the D.C. Strangler, was an American serial killer.
Born in South Carolina on November 2, 1904, Catoe was the oldest of eight children and the son of a preacher. He reportedly acted normally until he sustained a head injury in 1925. Afterwards he began to show odd behavior, and is believed to have killed his first victim just four years later. Catoe was twice arrested for exposing himself in public, and racked up numerous arrests for traffic violations. Between 1935 and 1941, Catoe is believed to have raped and murdered at least eight women, and for the latter of the crimes he was executed via the electric chair.
While the true number of Catoe's victims is unknown, it is speculated that he could be responsible for numerous murders in the D.C. area after moving there in 1929 to live with his brother. According to Catoe himself, his modus operandi was to visit landladies posing as a handyman, and once they took him to a room to do work he would strangle them to death.
# Šentvid pri Lukovici

Šentvid pri Lukovici (pronounced or; German: Sankt Veit) is a settlement in the Municipality of Lukovica in the eastern part of the Upper Carniola region of Slovenia.

## Name

The name of the settlement was changed from Šent Vid to Šentvid pri Lukovici in 1955. In the past the German name was Sankt Veit.

## Church

The local church, which the settlement gets its name from, is dedicated to Saint Vitus (Slovene: sveti Vid).
# CNO

CNO may refer to:
* C/N$_0$, the carrier-to-noise-density ratio of a signal
* Casualty notification officer, a person responsible for informing relatives of death or injury
* Chief networking officer, a business role
* Chief nursing officer, a nursing management position
* Chief of Naval Operations, the head of the United States Navy
* Chino Airport, in California, IATA symbol: CNO
* Chronic nuisance ordinance, a law that aims to evict tenants for reporting crime
* CNO cycle, a stellar nuclear fusion reaction
* Coconut oil, an edible oil
* Computer network operations, the optimization and use of digital telecommunications
* CNO Financial Group, an American financial services holding company
* CNO (gene), which encodes the protein cappuccino homolog
* Clozapine N-oxide, a synthetic ligand which activates a receptor
* Fulminate, a chemical compound containing the CNO$^−$ ion
# Scotospilus

Scotospilus is a genus of dwarf sheet spiders that was first described by Eugène Simon in 1886.

## Species

As of May 2019 it contains nine species:
* Scotospilus ampullarius (Hickman, 1948) – Australia (Tasmania)
* Scotospilus bicolor Simon, 1886 (type) – Australia (Tasmania)
* Scotospilus divisus (Forster, 1970) – New Zealand
* Scotospilus longus Zhang, Li & Pham, 2013 – Vietnam
* Scotospilus maindroni (Simon, 1906) – India
* Scotospilus nelsonensis (Forster, 1970) – New Zealand
* Scotospilus plenus (Forster, 1970) – New Zealand
* Scotospilus wellingtoni (Hickman, 1948) – Australia (Tasmania)
* Scotospilus westlandicus (Forster, 1970) – New Zealand
# Erich Pennekamp

Erich Pennekamp (13 November 1929 – 1 March 2013) was a German water polo player. He competed in the men's tournament at the 1956 Summer Olympics.
# Cnemaspis kandambyi

Cnemaspis kandambyi is a species of diurnal gecko endemic to island of Sri Lanka, described in 2017 from Knuckles Mountain Range.

## Taxonomy

The species is closely related to Cnemaspis podihuna and found sympatric to C. kallima, C. phillipsi and C. punctata in Knuckles.

## Description

The species can be identified due to three enlarged postmentals, four precloacal pores, and dark brown coloration with diamond shaped dark markings. Adult is known to ranges from 23.6 mm in length from snout to vent.

## Etymology

The specific name kandambyi is named in honor of Dharma Sri Kandamby, who was curator of the vertebrate section of the National Museum of Colombo from 1982 to 2012.
# Die dunkle Seite des Mondes

Die dunkle Seite des Mondes (lit. 'The Dark Side of the Moon') is a novel by the Swiss writer Martin Suter, first published by Diogenes Verlag in 2000. It is about a successful business lawyer who has a midlife crisis, starts an affair with a younger bohemian woman, takes hallucinogenic mushrooms and has a personality change that makes him violent and dangerous. The title is a reference to the album The Dark Side of the Moon by Pink Floyd.
The book was adapted into the 2015 film The Dark Side of the Moon [de] directed by Stephan Rick [de] and starring Moritz Bleibtreu.
# Teng Min-chih

Teng Min-chih (Chinese: 鄧民治; pinyin: Dèng Mínzhì) is a Taiwanese lawyer and politician. He was the Deputy Minister of the Public Construction Commission of the Executive Yuan until 20 May 2016.

## Education

Teng received his bachelor's and master's degrees in law from National Chung Hsing University and Chinese Culture University, respectively.

## Early career

He worked as clerk and specialist in the Ministry of Civil Service of the Examination Yuan; specialist, secretary-general of central district office, secretary, secretary-general and deputy director of Department of Rapid Transit Systems of Taipei City Government; and secretary-general of Taipei City Government.
# René Gaveau

René Gaveau (1900–1972) was a French cinematographer and film director.

## Selected filmography
### Cinematographer

* André Cornélis (1918)
* My Uncle Benjamin (1924)
* Mandrin (1924)
* The Nude Woman (1926)
* André Cornélis (1927)
* Instinct (1930)
* The Fortune (1931)
* Passport 13.444 (1931)
* Kiss Me (1932)
* Paris-Soleil (1933)
* Odette (1934)
* Count Obligado (1935)
* Compliments of Mister Flow (1936)
* Wolves Between Them (1936)
* White Cargo (1937)
* A Man to Kill (1937)
* Chéri-Bibi (1938)
* The Rebel (1938)
* The Chess Player (1938)
* The Spirit of Sidi-Brahim (1939)
* Radio Surprises (1940)
* President Haudecoeur (1940)
* The Blue Veil (1942)
* Mademoiselle Béatrice (1943)
* The White Waltz (1943)
* Home Port (1943)
* Night Shift (1944)
* Pamela (1945)
* Bifur 3 (1945)
* The Last Metro (1945)
* The Mysterious Monsieur Sylvain (1947)
* The Eleven O'Clock Woman (1948)
* The Cupid Club (1949)
* Night Round (1949)
* Last Love (1949)
* Véronique (1950)
* Rome Express (1950)
* Beautiful Love (1951)
* The Most Beautiful Girl in the World (1951)
* Love in the Vineyard (1952)

### Director

* Adam Is Eve (1954)
* Zaza (1956)
* This biographical article related to film in France is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
# Dukhovnitsky District

Dukhovnitsky District (Russian: Духовницкий райо́н) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the thirty-eight in Saratov Oblast, Russia. It is located in the northeast of the oblast. The area of the district is 2,000 square kilometers (770 sq mi). Its administrative center is the urban locality (a work settlement) of Dukhovnitskoye. Population: 12,951 (2010 Census); 15,300 (2002 Census); 16,511 (1989 Soviet census). The population of Dukhovnitskoye accounts for 41.2% of the district's total population.
# Sainte-Gemme, Gironde

Sainte-Gemme (French pronunciation:; Occitan: Senta Gema) is a commune in the Gironde department in Nouvelle-Aquitaine in southwestern France.
# Charlie Williams (British writer)

Charlie Williams (born 1971) is an English writer.

## Early life and education

Charlie Williams was born in 1971 in Worcester, England.
He attended Swansea University in Swansea, Wales.

## Books

Five of Williams' novels comprise The Mangel Series, published between 2004 and 2013. The protagonist is nightclub doorman Royston Blake and the novels are set in the fictional town of Mangel, which is based loosely on Worcester itself. Deadfolk was published in 2004, Fags and Lager in 2005, King of the Road in 2006, One Dead Hen in 2011 and Made of Stone in 2013. Comic, rural noir in the style of writers such as Jim Thompson, they use a colloquial first-person narrative throughout, in dialect, with Royston Blake as narrator. Thematically the novels explore dysfunctional masculinity and the decline and alienation of provincial Britain, and are littered with references to popular cultural icons of the seventies and eighties (Blake's, and Williams', formative period).
Previous to the success of the Mangel trilogy, Williams had attempted for some years to break into the horror genre.
Other notable works are the novel Stairway to Hell (2009), the novella Graven Image (2011), and the screenplay for the short film Ark.
# 2012 Tokyo Marathon

The 2012 Tokyo Marathon (Japanese: 東京マラソン 2012) was the sixth edition of the annual marathon race in Tokyo, Japan and was held on Sunday, 26 February. The men's race was won by Kenyan Michael Kipyego in a time of 2:07:37, while the women's race was won by Ethiopia's Atsede Habtamu in 2:25:28.

## Results
### Men

| Position | Athlete | Nationality | Time |
| 01 | Michael Kipyego | Kenya | 2:07:37 |
| 02 | Arata Fujiwara | Japan | 2:07:48 |
| 03 | Stephen Kiprotich | Uganda | 2:07:50 |
| 04 | Haile Gebrselassie | Ethiopia | 2:08:17 |
| 05 | Viktor Röthlin | Switzerland | 2:08:32 |
| 06 | Kazuhiro Maeda | Japan | 2:08:38 |
| 07 | Takayuki Matsumiya | Japan | 2:09:28 |
| 08 | Hailu Mekonnen | Ethiopia | 2:09:59 |
| 09 | Takeshi Kumamoto | Japan | 2:10:13 |
| 10 | Atsushi Ikawa | Japan | 2:11:26 |

### Women

| Position | Athlete | Nationality | Time |
| 01 | Atsede Habtamu | Ethiopia | 2:25:28 |
| 02 | Yeshi Esayias | Ethiopia | 2:26:00 |
| 03 | Helena Kirop | Kenya | 2:26:02 |
| 04 | Eri Okubo | Japan | 2:26:08 |
| 05 | Tatyana Aryasova | Russia | 2:26:46 |
| 06 | Lishan Dula | Bahrain | 2:28:22 |
| 07 | Eyerusalem Kuma | Ethiopia | 2:28:36 |
| 08 | Kateryna Stetsenko | Ukraine | 2:28:38 |
| 09 | Adriana Aparecida da Silva | Brazil | 2:29:17 |
| 10 | Sumiko Suzuki | Japan | 2:29:25 |
# Khusheh Darreh, Sarshiv

Khusheh Darreh (Persian: خوشه دره, also Romanized as Khūsheh Darreh; also known as Khoosheh Dareh Khor Khoreh and Vasheh Darreh) is a village in Chehel Cheshmeh-ye Gharbi Rural District, Sarshiv District, Saqqez County, Kurdistan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 249, in 46 families. The village is populated by Kurds.
# Molossus (son of Neoptolemus)

In Greek mythology, Molossus (Ancient Greek: Μολοσσός, romanized: Molossós) was the son of Neoptolemus and Andromache. He was the eponymous founder of the Molossians, an ancient Greek tribe that inhabited the region of Epirus located in northwestern Greece. Molossus had two brothers, Pielus and Pergamus (the latter named after the citadel of Troy), who were also sons of Neoptolemus and Andromache.
# Łęczna Lake District Landscape Park

Łęczna Lake District Landscape Park or Łęczna Lakeland Scenic Park (Polish: Park Krajobrazowy Pojezierze Łęczyńskie) is a protected area (a Landscape Park) in eastern Poland, established in 1990, covering an area of 118.16 square kilometres (45.62 sq mi) in the geographic region called the Łęczna-Włodawa Lakeland (Pojezierze Łęczyńsko-Włodawskie) or the Łęczna-Włodawa Plain (Równina Łęczyńsko-Włodawska).
The Park lies within Lublin Voivodeship: in Lubartów County (Gmina Ostrów Lubelski, Gmina Uścimów) and Łęczna County (Gmina Ludwin, Gmina Puchaczów).
The best known recreational area within the Łęczna Lakeland surrounds the White lake (Jezioro Białe Włodawskie), with the resort town called Okuninka.
# Dar al-Makina

The Dar al-Makina (Arabic: دار المكينة) is a former arms factory in Fes, Morocco.

## History

The Dar al-Makina (an Arabic adaptation of the word "machine") was established by Sultan Moulay Hassan in 1885–86 with the help of Italian officers. The northern gate of the New Mechouar, known as Bab Khibbat es-Smen ("Gate of the Butter Niche"), also dates from the 1886 construction of Moulay Hassan. The arms factory was an early attempt at industrialization in Fez and was part of the sultan's efforts to modernize the Moroccan army to compete with European powers, though they did not have enormous effect.$^{:353–355}$ The factory is no longer in use today and stands abandoned and partially ruined. The structure is scheduled to be restored between 2018 and 2023 as part of a broader plan to restore over a hundred historic monuments in Fez.

## Description

The building occupies the western side of the New Mechouar square near the Dar al-Makhzen (Royal Palace) in Fes el-Jdid. It is entered by a gateway, Bab al-Makina, in an Italianate architectural style opening on the west side of the square. Inside, the Dar al-Makina consists of a vast series of vaulted chambers, similar to the architecture of the Heri as-Swani, the royal granaries of Moulay Ismail in Meknes.
* Bab al-Makina, the entrance of the Dar al-Makina, in 1913
* Inside the Dar al-Makina
* Workers in the Dar al-Makina in 1916
* View of the Fez River and the waters which were diverted to power the factory
# René Dary

René Dary (19 July 1905 – 6 October 1974) was a French film actor. Dary began his career as a child actor.

## Selected filmography

* Sidonie Panache (1934)
* The Lie of Nina Petrovna (1937)
* S.O.S. Sahara (1938)
* The Postmaster's Daughter (1938)
* The Rebel (1938)
* The Spirit of Sidi-Brahim (1939)
* Moulin Rouge (1941)
* Melody for You (1942)
* Eight Men in a Castle (1942)
* Home Port (1943)
* After the Storm (1943)
* Bifur 3 (1945)
* 120, Gare Street (1946)
* The Fugitive (1947)
* City of Hope (1948)
* Five Red Tulips (1949)
* Suzanne and the Robbers (1949)
* A Certain Mister (1950)
* One Only Loves Once (1950)
* Fugitive from Montreal (1950)
* Touchez pas au grisbi (1954)
* The Loves of Hercules (1960)
* Napoleon II, the Eagle (1961)
* Daniella by Night (1961)
* Trap for Cinderella (1965)
* Fire of Love (1967)
# Głusiec

Głusiec is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Sieciechów, within Kozienice County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately 7 kilometres (4 mi) north-east of Sieciechów, 18 km (11 mi) east of Kozienice, and 92 km (57 mi) south-east of Warsaw.