OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Kurykans

The Kurykans (Russian: Курыканы; Chinese: 骨利干 pinyin: Gǔlìgān < Middle Chinese ZS: *kuət̚-liɪ$^H$-kɑn) were a Turkic Tiele tribe, that inhabited the Lake Baikal area in the 6th century CE. Early Kurykans migrated from the area of the Yenisey river.
According to the article on "the Origin of Yakuts, Analysis of the Y-Chromosome Haplotypes", published by the researchers from the Tomsk National Research Medical Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences in the Russian "Molecular Biology" journal in 2008:
   Kurykans were largely displaced from their ancestral territories in the 6th c. AD. According to the inscription of the Bilge Kagan, Uch-Kurykans (Union of Three Kurykan tribes, Guligan of the Chinese chronicles) sent their ambassadors to the Bumyn Kagan funeral in 552 and/or his brother Istemi Kagan in 576. Kurykans are listed among the enemies of Ilterish Kagan (r. 682–694), father of Bilge Kagan (r. 717–734). Ilterish Kagan campaigned against Uch-Kurykans 47 times, and gave 20 battles. Kurykans were not the natives of their Western Baikal territory, their distinct burial tradition appears suddenly in the 6th c. Quite logically, they appeared in the Baikal refuge as exiles from some distant place, and equally logically they were a fraction of the larger tribe. The other fractions, most likely carrying their distinct burial traditions, their language, and their genetical makeup, fled in other directions at the same time, ca. 5th-6th cc.
Gumilyov and Okladnikov proposed that Kurykans were ancestors of Yakuts, though this is still uncertain. Peter B. Golden notes that the name Kurykan is etymologisable on the basis of Mongolic quriğan "lamb" (compare Khalkha: хурга hurga < Middle Mongolian quraɣ-a(n)) yet no additional evidence exists that Kurykans also spoke a Mongolic language. In translation from the Old Turkic, word quri'qan ~ qoriyan is translated as a camp, or a military camp and has parallels in the old written Mongolian language in the form of khogiua(n) ~ xoruya(n). Thus, "kurykan", perhaps, in its essence, is not an ethnonym, but a common name in relation to the region and the territorial community that inhabits it, at least at an early stage. Therefore, a possible translation of the term "uch kurykan" is "three military camps".
Prior to their resettlement, the Yakuts were somewhat influenced by the then-dominant Mongolian culture. The Yakuts originally lived around Olkhon and the region of Lake Baikal. Beginning in the 13th century they migrated to the basins of the Middle Lena, the Aldan and Vilyuy rivers under the pressure of the rising Mongols. The northern Yakuts were largely hunters, fishermen and reindeer herders, while the southern Yakuts raised cattle and horses.
# Bochkaryovka, Karmaskalinsky District, Republic of Bashkortostan

Bochkaryovka (Russian: Бочкарёвка) is a rural locality (a village) in Yefremkinsky Selsoviet, Karmaskalinsky District, Bashkortostan, Russia. The population was 31 as of 2010. There is 1 street.

## Geography

Bochkaryovka is located 22 km southeast of Karmaskaly (the district's administrative centre) by road. Matrosovka is the nearest rural locality.
# Barani, Sistan and Baluchestan

Barani (Persian: باراني, also Romanized as Bārānī) is a village in Margan Rural District, in the Central District of Hirmand County, Sistan and Baluchestan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 346, in 64 families.
# Bhawani Chali

Pathan Colony or Pathan Challi (Urdu: پٹھان کالونی) is a neighborhood in the Karachi West district of Karachi, Pakistan. It is administered as part of the SITE Town borough.
There are several ethnic groups in Pathan Colony including Punjabis, Sindhis, Seraikis, Ismailis, etc., but the main population of Pathan Colony consist on Pakhtun, which is 90% in the area

## Main areas

* Pathan Colony
# Arctic policy of South Korea

South Korea's policies in the Arctic is South Korea's foreign relations with Arctic countries, and its attitudes and actions on issues occurring within the geographic boundaries of "the Arctic" or related to the Arctic or its peoples.

## interests of South Korea in the Arctic

South Korea has a permanent observer status. With the status, it will be able to participate in the work of the Arctic Council's six working groups that cover sustainable development, Arctic monitoring and assessment, persistent organic pollutants and others.

## Interest in Arctic resources

The Arctic Ocean contains about 25% of the Earth's natural resources and oil, which are still not found. This attracts countries like Canada, the US and Russia. Canada claims all the resources situated in the Northwest Passage as its rightful resources, as the resources come under its Exclusive Economic zone. On the other hand, the US feels that the Arctic Ocean is international waters and the resources should be used by all countries.

## Arctic shipping routes

The Arctic has become increasingly important to South Korea because of the possibility of quicker shipping routes between Europe and Asia as the ice in the region continues to melt. Currently, it takes about 24 days for a South Korean container ship to arrive in Europe. However, shipping routes via the polar region could shorten the trip to 10 days. However, these trade routes can only be used in the summer because almost the whole ocean freezes in winter.

## Location of South Korea

South Korea is located entirely outside of the Arctic Circle.

## Arctic research

South Korea spends more on Arctic research than the United States does.
# St. George the Martyr's Church

There are various churches dedicated to Saint George the Martyr
* St. George Coptic Orthodox Church (Philadelphia)
* St George the Martyr Holborn
* St George the Martyr Southwark
* St. George Melkite Catholic Church
* St. George Church
* St. George the Great Martyr Orthodox Church, Alaska
# 77th Infantry Division (Russian Empire)

The 77th Infantry Division (Russian: 77-я пехотная дивизия, 77-ya Pekhotnaya Diviziya) was an infantry formation of the Russian Imperial Army.

## History

The 77th was created as a reserve unit to replace active units sent into combat during the Russo-Japanese War in 1904 under the command of Major General Alexander Lebedev. It was disbanded in 1906.$^{:121}$
It was again formed as a reserve division in 1914 when the Russian Imperial Army mobilized for World War I. It was disbanded in 1918 when the army demobilized following the Russian Revolution.$^{:121}$

## Organization

* 1st Brigade
** 305th Infantry Regiment
** 306th Infantry Regiment
* 2nd Brigade
** 307th Infantry Regiment
** 308th Infantry Regiment
# Qashqa Tappeh

Qashqa Tappeh (Persian: قاشقاتپه, also Romanized as Qāshqā Tappeh; also known as Qashqeh Tappeh) is a village in Qareh Poshtelu-e Bala Rural District, Qareh Poshtelu District, Zanjan County, Zanjan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 65, in 16 families.
# David McDowall (author)

David Buchanan McDowall (born 1945) is a British author specialising in Middle Eastern and British history.

## Early life

Born in London in 1945, he attended the Royal Military Academy Sandhurst. and St John’s College, Oxford where he studied Islamic History and Modern Middle East Studies under Albert Hourani

## Career

Royal Artillery, in Britain and Hong Kong, 1965-70; British Council, in Bombay and Baghdad, 1972-77; the United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees (UNRWA), Beirut and Vienna, 1977-79; self-employed thereafter, Oxfam relief worker Lebanon 1982, full-time research and writing from 1983.

## Personal life

Married to writer Elizabeth Laird, in 1975; two children: Angus, journalist, and William, academic.

## Selected publications

Middle East
* Lebanon: A Conflict of Minorities (Minority Rights Group, 1983), ISBN 0 946 690 07 3.
* Palestine and Israel: The Uprising and Beyond (IBTauris, 1989), ISBN 1 85043 131 0, University of California Press, Berkeley, 1990), ISBN 0-520 0602 1
* Europe and the Arabs: Discord or Symbiosis? (Royal Institute for International Affairs, 1992), ISBN 0 905031 53 9
* A Modern History of the Kurds (IBTauris, London & New York, 1996, 1997 2000 and 4th ed., 2021) ISBN 978 0 7556 0079 3.
Britain
* An Illustrated History of Britain (Longman, 1989) ISBN 9780582749146
* Britain in Close-up (Longman, 1993), ISBN 9780582064614
* Hampstead Heath (co-authored by Deborah Wolton, Frances Lincoln 2007), ISBN 9780711226531
Children's books
* The Palestinians (Franklin Watts, 1986), ISBN 978 0 86313 484 5, winner of The Other Award 1987
* The Columbus Project Book (Hodder, 1992), ISBN 9780340527801
* The Spanish Armada (Batsford, 1988), ISBN 9780713456714.
British landscape guides
* Richmond Park: The Walker’s Guide (1996, 2006), ISBN 9780952784746
* Hampstead Heath: The Walker’s Guide co-author Deborah Wolton, (1998, 2021), ISBN 9781838198015
* The Thames from Hampton to Richmond Bridge: The Walker’s Guide (2002), ISBN 9780952784722
* The Thames from Richmond to Putney Bridge: The Walker’s Guide (2005), ISBN 9780952784739
* Windsor Great Park: The Walker’s Guide (2007, 2021), ISBN 9781838198008.
* Bute: A Guide (2010) ISBN 9780952784777
* West Surrey: Walks into History (2013) ISBN 9780952784784
# Zenani

Zenani is an isiXhosa, Unisex given name. Notable people with this name include the following:
* Zenani Mandela-Dlamini (b. 1959), South African diplomat and traditional aristocrat
* Zenani Mnguni (b. 1931), a retired South African politician
* Zenani Kraai (b. 2000), South African field hockey player
# Omuramba

Omuramba (plural: Omiramba) is the term for ancient river-beds found in the Kalahari Desert of Africa, notably in the North Eastern part of Namibia and North Western part of Botswana. The word is taken from the Herero language. An omuramba provides occasional standing pools of water and more fertility than in the surrounding sand plains. Some specific omiramba are named: Eiseb, Rietfontein, Epukiro, Omatako. They mostly start in the central parts of Namibia and run into the central parts of Botswana.

## Description

The depth and width of the beds varies, with some being 3 to 4 km wide. Omiramba that were perennial rivers about 16,000 years ago now flow only for short distances, and only after heavy rains.

## History

Omiramba have historically been sites for battles which were fought along their winding courses, notably the Herero-German war in 1904, which ended in a terrible genocide that killed nearly 70 percent of the Herero population and saw many others flee down the courses of omiramba, which were then in the dry season and inhospitable. The omiramba were also home to the San people in pre-colonial times.

## Threats

Today, the omiramba are one of many natural water resources being used for agriculture and drinking water by not only the historical nomadic population, but a new and growing sedentary population practicing permanent agriculture. Studies have highlighted concerns about the possible unsustainable use of water in the region.
# Golzar-e Yagan

Golzar-e Yagan (Persian: گلزاريگن, also Romanized as Golzār-e Yagan; also known as Golzār) is a village in Qorqori Rural District, Qorqori District, Hirmand County, Sistan and Baluchestan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 156, in 28 families.
# Yevgeny Lagunov

Yevgeny Alexandrovich Lagunov (Russian: Евгений Александрович Лагунов; born 14 December 1985) is a freestyle swimmer from Russia, who won the bronze medal in the 100 m freestyle at the European Short Course Swimming Championships 2005 in Triest, Italy. He also competed in the 2004, 2008 and 2012 Summer Olympics. At the 2008 Summer Olympics he was part of the Russian team that won silver in the 4 × 200 m freestyle relay, and at the 2012 Summer Olympics he won a bronze medal in the 4 × 100 m freestyle.
# Zembiškis

Zembiškis (formerly Russian: Жвембишки, Polish: Zębiszki) is a village in Kėdainiai district municipality, in Kaunas County, in central Lithuania. According to the 2011 census, the village was uninhabited. It is located 5 kilometres (3.1 mi) from Pašušvys, in the midst of the Lapkalnys-Paliepiai Forest. The forest road Skirgailinė-Trankiniai goes through the village. The Zembiškis Forest Botanical Sanctuary is located here.
There was a manor in Zembiškis at the end of the 19th century.

## Demography

| Year | Pop. | ±% p.a. |
| 1902 | 13 | — |
| 1923 | 27 | +3.54% |
| 1959 | 18 | −1.12% |
| 1970 | 14 | −2.26% |
| Year | Pop. | ±% p.a. |
| 1979 | 10 | −3.67% |
| 1989 | 8 | −2.21% |
| 2001 | 8 | +0.00% |
| 2011 | 0 | −100.00% |
Source: 1902, 1923, 1959 & 1970, 1979, 1989, 2001, 2011 :
# Genow, Hormozgan

Genow (Persian: گنو, also Romanized as Ganoo; also known as Āb Garm-e Genow and Āb Garm-e Genū) is a village in Isin Rural District, in the Central District of Bandar Abbas County, Hormozgan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 296, in 72 families.
# Qajar Barani

Qajar Barani (Persian: قجرباراني, also Romanized as Qajar Bārānī; also known as Gholāmḩoseyn-e Bārānī) is a village in Jahanabad Rural District, in the Central District of Hirmand County, Sistan and Baluchestan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 82, in 22 families.
# Bani Hammad

Bani Hammad (Arabic: بني حماد) is a sub-district of the Al-Mawasit District, Taiz Governorate, Yemen. Bani Hammad had a population of 21,987 at the 2004 census.

## Villages

* Al-Ḥaqibah
* Bani Hasan Raʿiah
* Uzlat al-Jibal
* Al-Bahmah
* Bani Sinan
* Yafiq
* Bani Hasan Wa Bani Wagih
* Al-Maʿinah
* Bani Samiʿa
* Bani Afif
* Al-Minam
* Al-Da'bah
* Al-ʿAjilah
# Hatem Aqel

Hatem Mohammad Yusuf Aqel (Arabic: حاتم محمد يوسف عقل) is a Jordanian former footballer of Palestinian descent.

## International goals

| # | Date | Venue | Opponent | Score | Result | Competition |
| 1 | 16 December 2002 | Kuwait | Palestine | 1-1 | Draw | 2002 Arab Nations Cup |
| 2 | 17 October 2003 | Amman | Lebanon | 1-0 | Win | 2004 AFC Asian Cup qualification |
| 3 | 18 February 2004 | Amman | Laos | 5-0 | Win | 2006 FIFA World Cup qualification |
| 4 | 18 August 2004 | Amman | Azerbaijan | 1-1 | Draw | Friendly |
| 5 | 14 February 2006 | Amman | Kazakhstan | 2-0 | Win | Friendly |
| 6 | 22 February 2006 | Amman | Pakistan | 3-0 | Win | 2007 AFC Asian Cup qualification |
| 7 | 28 January 2009 | Singapore | Singapore | 2-1 | Loss | 2011 AFC Asian Cup qualification |
| 8 | 9 September 2009 | Amman | New Zealand | 1-3 | Loss | Friendly |
| 9 | 28 October 2013 | Amman | Nigeria | 1-0 | Win | Friendly |

## Honors and Participation in International Tournaments
### In AFC Asian Cups

* 2004 Asian Cup
* 2011 Asian Cup

### In Arab Nations Cup

* 2002 Arab Nations Cup

### In Pan Arab Games

* 1999 Pan Arab Games

### In WAFF Championships

* 2000 WAFF Championship
* 2002 WAFF Championship
* 2004 WAFF Championship
* 2007 WAFF Championship
* 2008 WAFF Championship
* 2014 WAFF Championship
# Secretary of Natural and Environmental Resources of Puerto Rico

The Secretary of Natural and Environmental Resources of Puerto Rico (Spanish: Secretario de Recursos Naturales y Ambientales de Puerto Rico) is responsible for protecting, conserving, and managing the natural and environmental resources of Puerto Rico.
Daniel Galán Kercadó was the Secretary of Natural and Environmental Resources of Puerto Rico under governor Luis Fortuño. At least by 2013 he was no longer Secretary of the DNRA (the Spanish language acronym for the Department).
In 2017 Governor Ricardo Rosselló designated Tania Vazquez Rivera as Secretary of the DRNA.

## Secretaries

* 1986–1988: Justo A. Méndez Rodriguez
* 1993–1996: Pedro A. Gelabert
* 2009–2013: Daniel J. Galán Kercado
* 2013–2016: Carmen R. Guerrero Pérez
* 2016: Nelson J. Santiago Marrero
* 2017–2019: Tania Vázquez Rivera
# The Wayward Wife

The Wayward Wife (Italian: La provinciale) is a 1953 Italian melodrama film directed by Mario Soldati. It was entered into the 1953 Cannes Film Festival. In 2008, the film was included on the Italian Ministry of Cultural Heritage’s 100 Italian films to be saved, a list of 100 films that "have changed the collective memory of the country between 1942 and 1978."

## Cast

* Gina Lollobrigida as Gemma Vagnuzzi
* Gabriele Ferzetti as Prof. Franco Vagnuzzi
* Franco Interlenghi as Paolo Sartori
* Nanda Primavera as Mrs. Foresi, Gemma's mother
* Marilyn Buferd as Anna Sartori (as Marylin Buferd)
* Barbara Berg as Vannina
* Alda Mangini as Elvira Coceanu
* Renato Baldini as Luciano Vittoni, Gemma's Lover
* Capt. Vernon Jarratt as Mr Renzi (uncredited)
* Gianni Luda (uncredited)
* Anna-Maria Sandri (uncredited)
* Milko Skofic as Marcello (uncredited)
* Alfredo Carpegna as Count Fabrizio Sartori (uncredited)
* Rina Franchetti as The Tailoress (uncredited)
# Otis McDaniel

Otis Gene McDaniel III (born June 30, 1986) is an American sprinter who specializes in the 100 and 200 meters.
He won two gold medals at the 2005 Pan American Junior Athletics Championships, in the 200 meters and 4×100 meters relay.
A native of San Antonio, Texas, he attended William Howard Taft High School, where he was an All-American wide receiver. He committed to Texas Christian University on a football scholarship.
# 2016 European Athletics Championships – Women's half marathon

The women's half marathon at the 2016 European Athletics Championships took place at the Olympic Stadium on 10 July. Due to 2016 being an Olympic year the marathon was replaced by a half marathon. It was the first time that the half marathon had been run during the European Championships.

## Records

Standing records prior to the 2016 European Athletics Championships :
| World record | Florence Kiplagat (KEN) | 1:05:09 | Barcelona, Spain | 15 February 2015 |
| European record | Lornah Kiplagat (NED) | 1:06:25 | Udine, Italy | 14 October 2007 |
| World Leading | Violah Jepchumba (KEN) | 1:05:51 | Prague, Czech Republic | 2 April 2016 |
| European Leading | Christelle Daunay (FRA) | 1:09:58 | Paris, France | 6 March 2016 |

## Schedule

| Date | Time | Round |
| 10 July 2016 | 09:30 | Final |
All times are local times (UTC+2)
# H. W. Davies

Captain H. W. Davies was a male badminton player from England.
Davies won the second All England Open Badminton Championships edition in men's singles in 1901.
# Fargues, Gironde

Fargues (French pronunciation:; Occitan: Hargas de Lengon) is a commune in the Gironde department in Nouvelle-Aquitaine in southwestern France.
Fargues is located in the Sauternes wine appellation of Bordeaux.
# Michael Perkhin

Michael Evlampievich Perkhin (Russian: Михаил Евлампиевич Перхин; 1860-1903) was a Russian jeweler. Born in Okulovskaya in Olonets Governorate (now Republic of Karelia), he moved to St. Petersburg, he joined the House of Fabergé. With Henrik Wigström, he was one of the two leading workmasters of the House of Fabergé.

## Career

Perkhin became the leading workmaster in the House of Fabergé in 1886 and supervised production of the eggs until his death in St. Petersburg in 1903. The eggs he was responsible for were marked with his initials.
He worked initially as a journeyman in the workshop of Erik August Kollin. In 1884 he qualified as a master craftsman and his artistic potential must have been obvious to Fabergé who appointed him head workmaster in 1886. His workshop produced all types of objets de fantaisie in gold, enamel and hard stones.
All the important commissions of the time, including some of the Imperial Easter Eggs, the renowned "Fabergé eggs", were made in his workshop. His period as head Fabergé workmaster is generally acknowledged to be the most artistically innovative, with a huge range of styles from neo-Rococo to Renaissance.

## Notable works
### Imperial Fabergé eggs

* Danish Palaces (Fabergé egg)
* Memory of Azov (Fabergé egg)
* Caucasus (Fabergé egg)
* Renaissance (Fabergé egg)
* Rosebud (Fabergé egg)
* Blue Serpent Clock (Fabergé egg)
* Twelve Monograms (Fabergé egg)
* Rock Crystal (Fabergé egg)
* Imperial Coronation (Fabergé egg)
* Lilies of the Valley (Fabergé egg)
* Pelican (Fabergé egg)
* Bouquet of Lilies Clock (Fabergé egg)
* Pansy (Fabergé egg)
* Trans–Siberian Railway (Fabergé egg)
* Cockerel (Fabergé egg)
* Gatchina Palace (Fabergé egg)
* Clover Leaf (Fabergé egg)
* Empire Nephrite (Fabergé egg)
* Peter the Great (Fabergé egg)
* Royal Danish (Fabergé egg)

### Kelch Fabergé eggs

* Kelch Hen (Fabergé egg)
* Twelve Panel (Fabergé egg)
* Pine Cone (Fabergé egg)
* Apple Blossom (Fabergé egg)
* Rocaille (Fabergé egg)
* Bonbonnière (Fabergé egg)
* Kelch Chanticleer (Fabergé egg)

### Other Fabergé eggs

* Duchess of Marlborough (Fabergé egg)
* Resurrection (Fabergé egg)
* Rose Quartz (Fabergé egg)
* Rothschild (Fabergé egg)
* Scandinavian (Fabergé egg)
* Spring Flowers (Fabergé egg)
# Brame Hillyard

Brame Hillyard (23 August 1876 – 18 June 1959) was a British tennis player. He was a three time quarter finalist at the Wimbledon Championships in singles in 1903 and in doubles in 1900 and 1904. He also competed at the 1923 World Hard Court Championships where he lost in the fourth round to Henri Cochet. He was active from 1897 to 1938 and won 11 career singles titles.

## Career

Brame was born in Darlington, England, in 1876. Hillyard is notable for being the first tennis player to appear at Wimbledon wearing shorts rather than trousers. He did so in 1930 on Court 10. Bunny Austin, three years later, was the first male player to do so on Centre Court. Hillyard reached the quarter-finals of the event in 1903. He competed at the 1923 World Hard Court Championships where he lost in the fourth round to Henri Cochet.
He played his first tournament in 1897 at the Gipsy Championships where he reached the semi finals. He won his first title in 1901 at the Bournemouth Open Tournament against Edward Yatman. His other career singles highlights included winning the Sheffield and Hallamshire Championships (1922), the Marseille International (1922), Bexhill-on-Sea Open (1923), the Hampshire Lawn Tennis Championships (1923).
He also won the Cannes Métropole Hotel Championship (1923), the Beausoleil Championships in Monte Carlo (1923), East Grinstead Open (1924), the Welsh Championships (1925) in Newport, the Aix-Les-Bains International (1927). His final title was at the Cannes Beau Site New Year Meeting in 1929. and his final singles event was the Cannes Championships in 1938. He died in Tonbridge, England, in 1959.
# Volno-Sukharevo

Volno-Sukharevo (Russian: Вольно-Сухарево) is a rural locality (a village) in Nikolayevsky Selsoviet, Ufimsky District, Bashkortostan, Russia. The population was 177 as of 2010. There are 2 streets.

## Geography

Volno-Sukharevo is located 38 km northwest of Ufa (the district's administrative centre) by road. Nurlino is the nearest rural locality.
# Remington Spartan 310

The Remington Spartan 310 is a double-barreled shotgun. It is an "over and under" gun, with one barrel above the other. There are several different models, each of them chambered in various gauges.
The Spartan 310 is marketed and distributed by Remington Arms, in Madison, North Carolina. It is a variant of the Soviet shotgun IZh-27 manufactured by Izhevsk Mechanical Plant for export under trademark "Baikal", in Izhevsk, Russia. The Spartan 310 is inexpensive compared to other double barreled shotguns. It is most often used for hunting birds, and for clay target games such as trap and skeet. Remington ceased importing the shotgun in 2009.

## Features

The Spartan 310 has a walnut stock and fore-end, the shooter can select automatic ejectors or extractors, and a ventilated barrel rib. It uses screw-in SPR choke tubes. By default, the bottom barrel fires first, but the shooter can select the top barrel to fire first by pushing the trigger blade forward when the gun is loaded and closed. Opening the action automatically engages the manual safety, which is located on the tang behind the top lever.
The SPR310 is the standard model. It has either a nickel-plated or blued receiver. The barrels are 26 or 28 inches long.
The SPR310S is the sporting model. It has ported barrels that are 29½ inches in length.