OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Macdona, Texas

Macdona is an unincorporated community and census-designated place in Bexar County, Texas, United States. As of the 2010 census, it had a population of 559. Macdona lies along the Union Pacific rail line near Loop 1604 in southwest Bexar County. It is part of the San Antonio Metropolitan Statistical Area.

## History

Macdona was named for George Macdona, an Englishman, who owned the townsite. The first recorded sale of town lots was dated July 7, 1886. The Macdona post office (78054) opened in 1886. On September 1, 1909, the Artesian Belt opened a 42-mile (68 km) line between Macdona and Christine. In 2000, Macdona was reported to have 297 persons. The town is part of the 210 and 726 area code districts.

## Demographics

Macdona first appeared as a census designated place in the 2010 U.S. Census.
Macdona CDP, Texas – Racial and ethnic composition Note: the US Census treats Hispanic/Latino as an ethnic category. This table excludes Latinos from the racial categories and assigns them to a separate category. Hispanics/Latinos may be of any race. :
| Race / Ethnicity (NH = Non-Hispanic) | Pop 2010 | Pop 2020 | % 2010 | % 2020 |
| White alone (NH) | 106 | 68 | 18.96% | 14.66% |
| Black or African American alone (NH) | 5 | 7 | 0.89% | 1.51% |
| Native American or Alaska Native alone (NH) | 0 | 1 | 0.00% | 0.22% |
| Asian alone (NH) | 3 | 5 | 0.54% | 1.08% |
| Pacific Islander alone (NH) | 0 | 0 | 0.00% | 0.00% |
| Other race alone (NH) | 0 | 6 | 0.00% | 1.29% |
| Mixed race or Multiracial (NH) | 1 | 8 | 0.18% | 1.72% |
| Hispanic or Latino (any race) | 444 | 369 | 79.43% | 79.53% |
| Total | 559 | 464 | 100.00% | 100.00% |

## Climate

The climate in this area is characterized by hot, humid summers and generally mild to cool winters. According to the Köppen Climate Classification system, Macdona has a humid subtropical climate, abbreviated "Cfa" on climate maps.

## 2004 train derailment and chlorine gas poisoning

On June 28, 2004, a crash between BNSF and Union Pacific Railroad trains in Macdona resulted in the release of 9,400 US gallons (36,000 L; 7,800 imp gal) of liquid chlorine, which immediately vaporized into a cloud of chlorine gas that spread over a radius of at least 700 feet (210 m). Three people, the UP train conductor and two residents, died and at least 40 others were injured.
# Atomic Liquors

Atomic Liquors is a bar in Las Vegas, Nevada, opened April 17, 1954. In the popular culture, Atomic Liquors is the "oldest freestanding bar in Las Vegas," with its established date erroneously stated as 1952, and is said to be "the first business in Las Vegas to be given a tavern license to sell liquor and operate an onsite bar."

## History

Virginia Barrett inherited the property from Las Vegas pioneer Richard Busteed, her former employer. In 1945, Virginia and husband Jack Barrett, along with Virginia's daughter Stella and husband Joe Sobchick, opened Virginia's Café on this property. Virginia Barrett was the sole licensee of Virginia’s Cafe. In 1954, Virginia's Cafe was replaced with newly built and newly licensed Atomic Liquors, originally licensed to the Barretts.
The Sobchicks operated the bar until they died in 2010. Their son, Ron Sobchick, operated the bar. In 2011, the bar closed. In 2012, it was purchased by brothers Kent Johns, a commercial real estate broker, and Lance Johns, an attorney, and Derek Stoneberger.
In popular media, famous people who are said to have visited the bar include Bugsy Siegel despite the fact that Siegel was killed seven years before the bar opened, along with other such claims. A bar stool with a star on it sits at the end of the inside bar, the preferred seat of Barbra Streisand when "she visited regularly." Atomic Liquors has appeared in The Hangover, Casino, and The Twilight Zone. Anthony Bourdain filmed a segment of his show Parts Unknown at the bar in 2013.
# Loa (nematode)

Loa is a genus of nematodes belonging to the family Filariidae.
Species:
* Loa extraocularis Skrjabin, 1917
* Loa inquirenda Maplestone, 1938
* Loa loa (Cobbold, 1864)
* Loa papionis Treadgold, 1920
# Duchy of Nivernais

The Duchy of Nivernais (French: Duché de Nivernais) was a duchy in France, centred around the city of Nevers, of which the duchy took its name.

## History

In 1539, it was directly annexed to France and became a duchy in the peerage of France. For a time, it was held by a cadet branch of the House of Gonzaga. This branch inherited the Duchy of Mantua from the senior Gonzaga line (when it became extinct in 1627) and ruled Mantua until 1708, when the branch died out in the male line. Charles IV Gonzaga sold the duchies of Nevers and Rethel in 1659 to Cardinal Mazarin. His family held the duchy of Nevers until the French Revolution.
In 1659, when the Mazarin family took control of the duchy, the region was reduced to become a province of the Kingdom of France, thus becoming the Province of Nevers (French: Province de Nivernais). However, according to the laws of the peerage of France, the province kept the official title of 'Duchy of Nivernais', though it held the status of province of the Kingdom.
Following the Decree dividing France into departments in 1790, the province was broken up into three new departments: Nièvre (forming the main part), Yonne (northernmost parts), and Cher (south eastern most parts).

## Government

Following the governmental reforms of 1773, the Duchy of Nevers formed part of the Military Government of Nivers (Gouvernement de Nivernais). For the Department of Finances, the duchy was divided into four election counties: Nevers and Château-Chinon part of the Generality of Moulins, Clamecy was part of the Generality of Orléans, and La Charité-sur-Loire part of the Generality of Bourges. The Judicial Department, the county was part of the powerful Parlement of Paris.
Following the Decree dividing France into departments announced on 22 December 1789, the Duchy of Nevers was disestablished. The majority of the county formed the new Nièvre (forming the main part), Yonne (northernmost parts), and Cher (south eastern most parts).
# Bettlach railway station

Bettlach railway station (German: Bahnhof Bettlach) is a railway station in the municipality of Bettlach, in the Swiss canton of Solothurn. It is an intermediate stop on the standard gauge Jura Foot line of Swiss Federal Railways.

## Services

As of the December 2021 timetable change, the following services stop at Bettlach:
* S20: half-hourly service between Biel/Bienne and Solothurn, with every other train continuing from Solothurn to Olten.
# Kamonyama Park

Kamonyama Park (Japanese: 掃部山公園) is a park in Nishi-ku, Yokohama City, Kanagawa Prefecture, Japan. Located on a hill overlooking Minato Mirai 21, a statue of Naosuke Li, who played key role in the opening of Yokohama Port in 1859, stands in the park. the park is also a popular destination for cherry blossoms during spring.

## History

Until the Edo period, it was simply a hill overlooking the sea, and was called Fudoyama.
In the early Meiji era, as the official residences of the foreign railway engineers, such as Edmund Morel, who was involved in the opening of Japan's first railway between Shimbashi Station (now Shiodome Freight Terminal) and Yokohama Station (currently Sakuragicho Station), were built there. This place was called Railway Hill.
The hill was purchased by the Hikone Domain in 1884, and became the property of the Li family. In 1909, a statue of Naosuke Ii was erected to commemorate the 50th anniversary of the opening of Yokohama Port. At the unveiling ceremonies, Aritomo Yamagata, Hirobumi Ito, Masayoshi Matsukata, and Kaoru Inoue were all absent, as they were against the memorandum of the statue's purpose, with Ii as the person who opened the country. After that, it came to be called Kamonyama from "Kamon-no-kami", which was Naosuke Ii's official position in the Edo shogunate.
In 1914, the hill was donated to Yokohama City by the Li family and was renamed as Kamonyama Park. During World War II, Li's statue was removed by the government's metal recovery instructions, but in 1954, the statue was rebuilt by the city of Yokohama to commemorate the 100th anniversary of the opening of the country.
About 200 cherry trees were planted in the park and In 1996, the Yokohama Noh Theater was built inside of the park.

## Transportation

Kamonyama Park is a 10-minute walk from Sakuragicho Station.
# Hassanabad, Chorbat

Hassanabad (Urdu: حسن آباد) is a naturally beautiful and far flung village existed in Sub-Division Chorbat, Ghangche District of Gilgit-Baltistan, Pakistan, lying 141 kilometres (88 mi) east of Skardu, near the border of India. The village has 270 households and seven Mohallas. The village is backward in all spheres of life.

## Etymology

The ancient name of Hassanabad was Kusting, which means a large storage of water. It is said that in ancient times the Buddhist lama who ruled the area name was Lama Kastiyang. and the name Kusting was derived from the lama's name. The language spoken is Balti. The entire population is Sofia Noorbakhshia Muslim. In the past it was the trade route to Ladakh and Kargil.

## Geography

Hassanabad has an average elevation of about 2,670 metres (8,760 ft), and is situated along the banks of the Shyok River, a tributary of the Indus. Villages near Hassanabad includes Marcha, Dawoo, Piun, Partuk, Siksa and Franu.
The mountains and their surroundings generally have no forests, however there are some shrubs and herbs which are generally used by the local communities as medicinal herbs and for their cattle.
The Shyok River near the village is an important resources for irrigation. However the same river sometime creates havoc during summer with unpredictable floods.

## Administration

Hassanabad consists of 7 blocks: Painkhor, Gabkhor, Thangkhor, Hajipakhor, Goostrang, Komick and Oraitan

## Climate

The climate of Hassanabad during the summer is moderated by its mountain setting and the intense heat of lowland Pakistan does not reach here. The mountains also block out the summer monsoon and summer rainfall is thus quite low. However, these mountains result in very severe winter weather. During the April to October temperatures vary between a maximum of 27 °C and a minimum (in October) 8 °C. However, temperatures can drop to below -26 °C in the December-to-February midwinter period.

## Resources

The natural resources of the village include agriculture, horticultural resources, the Shyok River, mountains and peaks. The agriculture in the village is only summer based due to extreme cold in the winter where temperature goes to -26 C. The crops include some beans, maize, potatoes, and other food crops however communities have experimented less with the agriculture due to the natural limiting factors i.e. extreme cold.

## Transport

Hassanabad is accessible only by road. The normal route to Hassanabad is via Shyok Valley Road, which connects it to Skardu and to the district headquarters, Khaplu. The climate can have adverse effects on transport in and out of the Hassanabad, as the roads in and out of can be blocked for weeks.
* Veterinary Hospital Hassanabad Chorbat
* Govt High School Hassanabad
* View of a mountain, apricot tree and green fields in Hassanabad Chorbat
# Kuzminovka, Kugarchinsky District, Republic of Bashkortostan

Kuzminovka (Russian: Кузьминовка) is a rural locality (a village) in Mrakovsky Selsoviet, Kugarchinsky District, Bashkortostan, Russia. The population was 83 as of 2010. There are 4 streets.

## Geography

Kuzminovka is located 6 km southeast of Mrakovo (the district's administrative centre) by road. Kurt-Yelga is the nearest rural locality.
# Orilesa mediocris

Orilesa mediocris is a species of moth of the family Tortricidae. It is found in Kenya.
# Pichugino

Pichugino (Russian: Пичугино) is a rural locality (a village) in Danilovskoye Rural Settlement, Melenkovsky District, Vladimir Oblast, Russia. The population was 75 as of 2010.

## Geography

Pichugino is located on the Charmus River, 33 km west of Melenki (the district's administrative centre) by road. Kamenka is the nearest rural locality.
# Zaza Gogava

Zaza Gogava (Georgian: ზაზა გოგავა; born July 14, 1971) is a Georgian Major General. He served as a Chief of Joint Staff of the Armed Forces of Georgia from November 2006 to November 2008 and the chief of Border Police from November 2008 to July 2012.
Gogava served his compulsory military service in the Soviet Army motorized rifle units from 1989 to 1990. He was one of the first batch of Georgian conscripts to defect from the Soviet forces. He graduated from the Tbilisi State Technical University in 1994 and began his career in the special task group "Omega" within Georgia's security services in 1995. He has since served in various counter-terrorist units and special forces subdivisions, and was further trained in the United States between 1995 and 2002. Gogava was placed in command of the Counter-terrorism Division of Special Operations Center in 2003 and the élite Police Special Tasks Division named after General G. Gulua in 2004. He was appointed Commander of Georgian Special Operations Forces of the Ministry of Defense of Georgia in 2004 and Deputy Chief of the General Staff of the Armed Forces of Georgia in 2006. After the reshuffle within the Ministry of Defense in November 2006, Gogava became the Chief of Joint Staff of the Armed Forces of Georgia.
Gogava was later appointed as chief of Border Police, replacing Badri Bitsadze, who had earlier announced his resignation. Gogava served in this position until the reshuffle in the Interior Ministry top brass in July 2012.
# Ashraf Aman

Ashraf Aman (Urdu: اشرف امان, born 15 January 1938) is a Pakistani mountaineer, adventurer, and engineer. In 1977, he became the first Pakistani to reach the summit of K2. He operates the travel and tourism-based company "Adventure Tours Pakistan". He is also the vice-President of the Alpine Club of Pakistan.

## Mountaineering achievements and honours

* 1962 – Nanga Parbat Expedition with Germans, Awarded Himalayan Tiger.
* 1967 – Member, Pakistan Czechoslovakia joint Expedition, Awarded Gold Medal.
* 1971/76 – Mountain Guide in Himalaya, Karakoram and Hindukush.
* 1977 – Japan-Pakistan joint Expedition to K2, Became first Pakistani to climb K2 on 9 August, and then he was Awarded Presidential Award for, Pride of performance.
* 1980 – Member of International Karakoram Project, Awarded R.G.S London Fellowship.
* 1982 – Member of German Gasherbrum I Expedition.
* 1983/84 – Mountain Guide with different Mountaineering Expeditions.
* 1985 – Liaison Officer with Japanese Expedition to Nanga Parbat & Passu Peak.
* 1986 – Member with Karakoram Himalaya Research Expedition led by Professor Keith Miller in Tibet & Western China.
* 1987/88 – Liaison Officer with first Pakistani K2 Winter Expedition during the extreme cold weather from Dec-1987 to Mar-1988 led by Mr. A. Zawada.
* 1988 – Manager/Technical Engineer with K2 Italian Scientific Expedition for measuring K2, Gasherbrum I & Gasherbrum II from China side led by Professor Ardito Desio.
* 1989 – Guided Trekking group on Biafo Hispar Glacier.
* 1990 – Expedition to Mount Meckaulan Alaska.
* 1991 – Explored Chillinji Trek, First guided group on Chillinji pass.
* 1992 – Built two pulley bridges on Karakoram River and foot track between Ishkoman and Warguth.
* 1995 – L.O. French Spantik Expedition. Introduced Chinese Mountaineers to Pakistani Mountains. Baltoro Trek with BBC World Service.
* 1996 – Nepal Everest Base Camp Trek.
* 1997 – Climbed Mont Blanc on the occasion of Golden Jubilee Anniversary of Pakistan. Leader French-Pakistan joint Nanga Parbat Expedition.
* 1998 – Search for French mountaineer Mr. Eric Escoffier on Broad Peak.
* 1999 – Awarded Gold Medal UND DEI CENTO in Milan.

## Rock-climbing training for youths

On 26 June 2008, Ashraf Aman visited Quetta Balochistan to supervise the National male female youth rock-climbing training course accompanied by Nazir Sabir and Hayatullah Khan Durrani. The camp was organised by the Alpine Club of Pakistan and Chiltan Adventurers Association Balochistan in order to promote rock-climbing adventure sports for Pakistani youth.
# Micropterix constantinella

Micropterix constantinella is a species of moth belonging to the family Micropterigidae. It was described by Heath in 1986. It is only known from Algeria, where it has been found near Skikda.
# Creaserinus

Creaserinus is a genus of Digger Crayfish in the family Cambaridae. There are about 15 described species in Creaserinus, found in North America.
This genus was formerly considered a subgenus of Fallicambarus.

## Species

The following species belong to the genus Creaserinus:
* Creaserinus brevistylus Johnson, Stern & Crandall, 2021
* Creaserinus burrisi (Fitzpatrick, 1987) (burrowing bog crayfish)
* Creaserinus byersi (Hobbs, 1941)
* Creaserinus caesius (Hobbs, 1975)
* Creaserinus clausus Johnson, Stern & Crandall, 2021
* Creaserinus crenastylus Johnson, Stern & Crandall, 2021
* Creaserinus danielae (Hobbs, 1975) (speckled burrowing crayfish)
* Creaserinus fodiens (Cottle, 1863) (digger crayfish)
* Creaserinus gilpini (Hobbs & Robison, 1989) (Jefferson County crayfish)
* Creaserinus gordoni (Fitzpatrick, 1987) (Camp Shelby burrowing crayfish)
* Creaserinus hedgpethi (Hobbs, 1948)
* Creaserinus hortoni (Hobbs & Fitzpatrick, 1970) (Hatchie burrowing crayfish)
* Creaserinus limulus Johnson, Stern & Crandall, 2021
* Creaserinus oryktes (Penn & Marlow, 1959)
* Creaserinus trinensis Johnson, Stern & Crandall, 2021
# Chubanlar

Chubanlar (Persian: چوبانلار, also Romanized as Chūbānlār; also known as Chūpānlār and Chūpānlār-e Ḩoseynkalū) is a village in Owch Hacha Rural District, in the Central District of Ahar County, East Azerbaijan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 84, in 17 families.
# Capo Murro di Porco Lighthouse

Capo Murro di Porco Lighthouse (Italian: Faro di Capo Murro di Porco) is an active lighthouse located at the end of the Maddalena Peninsula [it] on the south eastern tip of Sicily in the Area marina protetta Plemmirio [it], municipality of Siracusa on the Ionian Sea.

## Description

The lighthouse, built in 1859 under the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies, consists of a concrete tapered decagonal tower, 20 metres (66 ft) high, with balcony and lantern attached to 1-storey keeper's house. No longer inhabited but it was recently awarded by the state property agency for development in lighthouse accommodated to the privates, the "Beacon Hope - Lighthouse Resort", founded by the local entrepreneur Sebastian Cortese. The tower and the lantern are white; the lantern dome is grey metallic. The lantern is positioned at 34 metres (112 ft) above sea level and emits one white flash in a 5 seconds period visible up to a distance of 17 nautical miles (31 km; 20 mi). The lighthouse is completely automated and managed by the Marina Militare with the identification code number 2910 E.F.
In December 2020, a photo taken by photographer Kevin Saragozza of the Jupiter-Saturn conjunction in the background of the lighthouse, was chosen as the "Photo of the Day" by NASA for the Astronomy Picture of the Day.
# Hovin, Iran

Hovin (Persian: هوين, also Romanized as Hovīn; also known as Evīn) is a village in Chahardangeh Rural District, Hurand District, Ahar County, East Azerbaijan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 98, in 18 families.
# Bareqin Khunsorkh

Bareqin Khunsorkh (Persian: بارقين خونسرخ, also Romanized as Bāreqīn Khūnsorkh; also known as Bāreqīn) is a village in Gachin Rural District, in the Central District of Bandar Abbas County, Hormozgan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 236, in 60 families.
# Kazemlu

Kazemlu (Persian: كاظم لو, also Romanized as Kāz̧emlū) is a village in Arshaq-e Markazi Rural District, Arshaq District, Meshgin Shahr County, Ardabil Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 30, in 5 families.
# Sydney Battersby

Thomas Sydney Battersby (18 November 1887 – 3 September 1974) was an English competition swimmer who represented Great Britain in freestyle events at two consecutive Olympic Games.
At the 1908 Summer Olympics hosted by London, he won a silver medal in the men's 1500-metre freestyle, finishing second with a time of 22:51.2, behind fellow Briton Henry Taylor (22:48.4), and ahead of Australian Frank Beaurepaire (22:56.2). He also advanced to the semi-finals in the 400-metre freestyle.
Four years later, at the 1912 Summer Olympics in Stockholm, Sweden, Battersby won a bronze medal as a member of the third-place British men's team in the 4×200-metre relay. He also reached the semi-finals of the 400-metre freestyle and 1500-metre freestyle.
During his competitive swimming career, Battersby set four world records in freestyle events, including the 400-metre, 330-yard, 440-yard and one-mile distances. Battersby had a reputation for physical toughness; at the 1908 Olympics, he continued to swim at the end of the 1500-metre event – a shorter distance than the imperial mile – in an attempt to break the world record for the mile freestyle. He fell short of breaking the world record but did set a new British national mark.
He was born in Platt Bridge, near Wigan, Lancashire, England. He died in Sydney, Australia. He was posthumously inducted into the International Swimming Hall of Fame as an "Honor Swimmer" in 2007.
# Marjing

Marjing (Meitei: ꯃꯥꯔꯖꯤꯡ) is the God of horses, polo, hockey, sports and war in Sanamahism, the indigenous religion of Manipur. The guardianship of the north eastern direction is alluded to Marjing and the other directions to Koupalu (north west), Thangching (south west) and Wangpulen (south east). According to the legend, he invented the game of polo (Sagol Kangjei) and introduced it as the national game. He and his divine creature, Samadon Ayangba, reside in the top of the Heingang Ching (Marjing hills).

## Origin

According to the Leithak Leikharol PuYa, God Marjing (mentioned as "Maraching") originated from the intestines of Atiya Sidaba. He was created to control Samadon Ayangba, the divine horse (Old Manipuri: Sakon). The horse was created from the foot of Ashiba (Sanamahi).

## Description

God Marjing is one of the five gods who enter into the human body and position themselves as one of the souls. Marjing dwells in the heart of human body. The God is also associated with Sagol Kangjei (Polo), the main sports of the Meitei people. Parratt says "His main importance in Meitei mythology is that he is credited with the invention of polo, the national game."

## Mythology

Sagol Kangjei (English: Polo) is originally the game of gods. There are 7 players on each side. They used Kangdrum (a ball made from bamboo root). This is what the human beings imitate from them. The first divine polo match was played during the festival of Lai Haraoba.

## Worship

During the Lai Haraoba festival, a maibi (priestess) performs a ritual in the form of a mime. She holds a mallet in her hand and enacts the game of polo.
Every year, in the top of the Heingang Hills, devotees offer polostick (Old Manipuri: ꯀꯥꯡꯆꯩ, romanized: kangchei, Meitei: ꯀꯥꯡꯖꯩ, romanized: kangjei) and bamboo-root-ball (Meitei: ꯀꯥꯡꯗ꯭ꯔꯨꯝ, romanized: kangdrum) to God Marjing. This is done even when any animal in one's house become sick.
In 1618 AD, during the reign of King Khagemba, a public worship took place at his abode and also at every watery place on the river side. Wild boars, ducks, cocks, hen, pigeons and other creatures were offered to God Marjing. This was recorded in the Cheitharol Kumbaba.