OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Rigaud, Alpes-Maritimes

Rigaud (French pronunciation:; Italian: Rigaudo) is a commune in the Alpes-Maritimes department in southeastern France.

## Geography

The commune is traversed by the rivers Cians, Cianavelle and Raton.
# National Route 731 (Costa Rica)

National Tertiary Route 731, or just Route 731 (Spanish: Ruta Nacional Terciaria 731, or Ruta 731) is a National Road Route of Costa Rica, located in the Alajuela province.

## Description

In Alajuela province the route covers Upala canton (Upala, Yolillal districts).
# 1999 in Monaco

Events in the year 1999 in Monaco.

## Incumbents

* Monarch: Rainier III
* State Minister: Michel Lévêque

## Events

* 23 January – Princess Caroline of Monaco married Ernst August, Prince of Hanover in a civil ceremony at the Palace. It was also the 42nd birthday of the princess bride.
* 2 March – AS Monaco made it to the fourth qualifying round of the 1999-2000 UEFA Cup. They lost to RCD Mallorca, 4-1.
* 9 March – AS Monaco played a second match against RCD Mallorca, this time on their home turf at Stade Louis II in Fontvieille, and won, 1-0.
* 16 May – Michael Schumacher won the 1999 Monaco Grand Prix.
* 20 July – A daughter, Alexandra, was born to the Prince and Princess of Hanover. Prince Ernst was photographed by paparazzi urinating outside the hospital in Vöcklabruck.
# Ohinoyi of Ebiraland

The Ohinoyi of Ebiraland is the traditional ruler of the Ebira people. The title Atta of Ebiraland has also historically been used for this position but fell out of favour in the 20th century. The position is elected by a group of elders and has traditionally rotated amongst the major clans of the Ebira.This is majorly because there is no established succession line. The latest Ohinoyi, Ahmed Tijani Anaje assumed office on 8 January 2024.

## List of Rulers of Ebiraland

* Omadivi Abonika (unknown–1917), reigned from 1904 to 1917
* Ibrahim Onoruoiza (1884–1964), reigned from 1917 to 1954 (abdicated)
* Muhamman Sani Omolori, (1919–1997), reigned from 1957 to 1997
* Abdul Rahman Ado Ibrahim (1929–2023) reigned from 1997 to 2023
* Ahmed Tijani Anaje (b. 1974), since 8 January 2024
# Golyevka

Golyevka (Russian: Гольевка) is a rural locality (Russian: деревня, lit. 'village') in Vyshnereutchansky Selsoviet Rural Settlement, Medvensky District, Kursk Oblast, Russia. Population: 7 (2010 Census); 16 (2002 Census);

## Geography

The village is located on the Kholodny Brook (a left tributary of the Lyubach River in the Seym basin), 49.5 km (30.8 mi) from the Russia–Ukraine border, 41 km (25 mi) south-west of Kursk, 16.5 km (10.3 mi) south-west of the district center – the urban-type settlement Medvenka, 10.5 km (6.5 mi) from the selsoviet center – Verkhny Reutets.

### Climate

Golyevka has a warm-summer humid continental climate (Dfb in the Köppen climate classification).

## Transport

Golyevka is located 18.5 km (11.5 mi) from the federal route M-2 Crimea Highway (a part of the European route E105), 2 km (1.2 mi) from the road of intermunicipal significance 38H-185 (M2 "Crimea Highway" – Gakhovo), 28 km (17 mi) from the nearest railway halt 439 km (railway line Lgov I — Kursk).
The rural locality is situated 50 km (31 mi) from Kursk Vostochny Airport, 96 km (60 mi) from Belgorod International Airport and 238 km (148 mi) from Voronezh Peter the Great Airport.
# Pseudomyrmex pallidus

Pseudomyrmex pallidus is a species of ant found in the Nearctic realm with an extensive range throughout the southern United States to Central America.

## Morphology

Workers are yellow, orange, or brown. They are slender with large eyes, short antennal scapes and a well-developed sting. Head widths measure 0.68–0.89 millimeters. The surface of the head is shiny, due to the lack of a fine hairy covering. Workers of P. pallidus are monomorphic.
Both virgin female and male reproductives are winged. Mated queens in the nest can be identified by scars on their thorax where the wings were previously attached. They can also be identified by their distended gasters. Males are dark brown, with curved antennae and small heads.

## Habitat

Nests of this species are found in the hollow stems of dead grasses. Although they show a preference for herbaceous plants, nests have also been found in the dead stems of woody twigs. Nests are generally found at the intersection of grassy and wooded habitats, possibly due to shading from the canopy in warmer months and exposure to sunlight in colder months. The entrance to the colony consists of a round to oblong entrance measuring 1–2 mm (0.04–0.08 in) on the face of the stem, and can easily be plugged by the body of a single worker to prevent access to the brood by predators. Stems containing P. pallidus are 5–10 mm (0.20–0.39 in) in diameter, and the excavated chambers are 11.8–72 cm (4.6–28.3 in) long.

## Diet

Colonies reared in the laboratory will readily accept sucrose solution and dead insect parts as a food source, which suggest that their diet in the field consist of floral secretions such as nectar, and insect prey. Food stores are not found in nests collected in the field, neither are they found in colonies raised in laboratory observation nests. This implies that any food brought into the nest is directly fed to nestmates and larvae.

## Colony structure

Colonies are facultatively polygynous, consisting of 1–15 queen ants and 20–200 workers. Colonies are also polydomous, where a colony consists of more than one nest site. Queenless colonies containing only brood and workers have been found, suggesting that these function as auxiliary brood rearing sites. Workers are produced throughout the year, as are reproductive females. However, males appear to only be produced during the summer and the fall seasons, as they are absent from nests collected in the winter.

## Mating

Reproductive females can be collected from colonies throughout the year, which indicates that mating occurs in more than one season. There is no specific information on the mating habits of P. pallidus.
# Lignes Aériennes Congolaises (2005–2013)

Lignes Aériennes Congolaises (English: Congolese Airlines), also known by its acronym LAC, was an airline of the Democratic Republic of the Congo, with its head office in Kinshasa, and its central administration on the property of N'djili Airport in Kinshasa. The carrier has the latter airport as the base of its flight operations. It was liquidated in 2013.
Along with all other airlines registered in the country, the company was banned from flying into any member state of the European Union's bloc.

## History

Formed by the Government of the Democratic Republic of the Congo in 2005, it was the successor of an airline with the same name that folded in 2003, but had a different air operator's certificate.
The carrier started operations in 2005 with LAC - SkyCongo aircraft flying on LAC's behalf. It was shut down in 2006, following an accident with a Convair 580, but was reactivated under a joint venture with Bravo Airlines. When this latter airline folded in 2007, LAC was idle once again. It apparently restarted operations in June 2008 (2008-06), this time with chartered equipment from Air Zimbabwe.

## Destinations

The company served the following destinations as part of its scheduled services:
* Angola
** Luanda
* Cameroon
** Douala
* Democratic Republic of the Congo
** Goma
** Kananga
** Kindu
** Kinshasa
** Kisangani
** Lubumbashi
** Mbuji Mayi
* Mali
** Bamako
* Nigeria
** Lagos

## Fleet

The airline had no active aircraft on its fleet. LAC operated the following equipment throughout its history:
* Boeing 737-200
* Convair 580F
* Lockheed L-1011-50
* MD-82

## Accidents and incidents

* 27 April 2006: A Convair 580F, registration ZS-SKH, that was flying a Goma–Amisi cargo service, crashed on approach to Amisi Airport, killing all eight occupants aboard.
# Saeid Maragehchian

Saeid Maragehchian is an Iranian football player who took part for Iran in the 1984 Asian Cup, without playing any game.

## Honours

* Asian Cup:
    Fourth Place : 1984
# 2005 in Monaco

Events in the year 2005 in Monaco.

## Incumbents

* Monarch: Rainier III (died 6 April 2005) Albert II (succeeded Rainier III, his father, as Sovereign Prince)
* State Minister: Patrick Leclercq and Jean-Paul Proust

## Events

** 22 May - Kimi Räikkönen won the Monaco Grand Prix.
* 1 June – Patrick Leclercq steps down as Minister of State. Jean-Paul Proust assumes the office.
* June/July – The Sovereign Prince officially acknowledged his paternity of Alexandre Grimaldi-Coste, who was at that time living in Villefranche-sur-Mer with his mother, Nicole Coste.
* 12 July – Albert II, Prince of Monaco attended a solemn Mass and received the keys to the city amid a fantastic celebration, involving fireworks and live music by U2 and Pink Floyd.

## Deaths

* 6 April – Rainier III died at the age of 81. Having assumed the throne on May 9, 1949, he was Europe's longest reigning monarch.
# Petrushino

Petrushino (Russian: Петрушино) is a rural locality (a village) in Kochyovskoye Rural Settlement, Kochyovsky District, Perm Krai, Russia. The population was 6 as of 2010. There is 1 street.

## Geography

Petrushino is located 11 km southwest of Kochyovo (the district's administrative centre) by road. Lobozovo is the nearest rural locality.
# Line S2 (Milan suburban railway service)

The S2 is a commuter rail route forming part of the Milan suburban railway service (Italian: Servizio ferroviario suburbano di Milano), which converges on the city of Milan, Italy.
The service operates over the Milan–Asso and Milan Passante lines. Like all other Milan suburban railway service routes, it is operated by Trenord.

## Route

S2, a cross-city route, heads initially in a southwesterly direction from Mariano Comense to Seveso, and then south to Milano Bovisa-Politecnico. From there, the line runs across the municipality of Milan, via the Milan Passante railway, to Milano Rogoredo. The journey takes 1h08'.

## History

The S2 was introduced on 12 December 2004, and operated initially between Mariano Comense and Milano Porta Vittoria.
With the change of timetable on 15 June 2008, the service was extended from Milano Porta Vittoria to Milano Rogoredo, where there is interchange with regional trains and long-distance services to and from Genoa, Bologna and Mantua.
The initial plans for the service foresaw a further extension from Milano Rogoredo to Pavia, but that has not materialized: Pavia has since been connected to the suburban railway service by the new S13; service is planned to extend to Pieve Emanuele as soon as the infrastructure will allow it, with the quad tracking of the section in order to separate long distance and regional trains from suburban trains.

## Stations

The stations on the S2 are as follows (stations with blue background are in the municipality of Milan):
| Station | Opened | Interchange | Note |
| Mariano Comense | 1879 | | limited service |
| Cabiate | 1879 | | limited service |
| Meda | 1879 | | limited service |
| Seveso | 1879 | | |
| Cesano Maderno | 2011 | | |
| Bovisio Masciago-Mombello | 1879 | | |
| Varedo | 1879 | | |
| Palazzolo Milanese | 1879 | | |
| Paderno Dugnano | 1879 | | |
| Cormano-Cusano | 2015 | | |
| Milano Bruzzano | 2014 | | |
| Milano Affori | 2011 | | |
| Milano Bovisa | 1991 | MXP | |
| Milano Lancetti | 1997 | | |
| Milano Porta Garibaldi | 1997 | MXP | |
| Milano Repubblica | 1997 | | |
| Milano Porta Venezia | 1997 | | |
| Milano Dateo | 2002 | | |
| Milano Porta Vittoria | 2004 | | |
| Milano Rogoredo | 1862 | | |
# Zannone Lighthouse

Zannone Lighthouse (Italian: Faro Isola Zannone) is an active lighthouse located in the northern part of Zannone in the Pontine Islands on the Tyrrhenian Sea.

## Description

The lighthouse, built in 1858, consists of a masonry octagonal tower, 13 metres (43 ft) high, rising from 1-storey keeper's house. The tower is painted white and the lantern dome in grey metallic.
The light is positioned at 37 metres (121 ft) above sea level and emits three white flashes in a 10 seconds period, visible up to a distance of 11 nautical miles (20 km; 13 mi). The lighthouse is completely automated and managed by the Marina Militare with the identification code number 2262 E.F.
# Aziz Kand

Aziz Kand (Persian: عزيزكند, also Romanized as ‘Azīz Kand; also known as ‘Azīz Kandī) is a village in Akhtachi Rural District, in the Central District of Bukan County, West Azerbaijan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 244, in 49 families.
# Kohlstein Castle

Kohlstein Castle (German: Burg Kohlstein) is situated on a rocky hillock in the village of Kohlstein northwest of Tüchersfeld and is the most recently built castle in Franconian Switzerland. It is also one of the smallest and most romantic castles. Today it is in private ownership and may not be visited.

## History

The hill castle stands at a height of 440 m above sea level (NN) and may have been built around 1486 by Conz of Hirschaid. It was probably originally an allodial estate of the Lords of Hirschaid. Later, feudal sovereignty passed to the Bishopric of Bamberg.
In 1525 was destroyed in the Peasants' War. It was immediately rebuilt. In 1607/1608 the Hirschaid family had to sell their barony as they were short of money. On 23 May 1608 Wolf Philipp Groß von Trockau zu Tüchersfeld was enfeoffed with the castle and lordship. During the Thirty Years' War the castle appears to have been destroyed because in 1636 a modest new structure was built. It was comprehensively renovated between 1707 and 1714.
A garden house was probably built at this time, which was converted in 1743 into a castle and village chapel.
The Groß von Trockau family, who called themselves from 1658 zu Kohlstein und Tüchersfeld, had to sell the castle in 1713 to Otto Philipp von Gutenberg. After his death, his niece, Maria Anna Groß von Trockau, inherited the castle and estate.
The current structure, a residential building with attached tower, dates mainly to the 18th century. The tower was renovated in 1890.
In 1961 the Groß von Trockau family sold the castle, but not its associated chapel. The castle has had several owners since then.
Today the castle is protected as listed building no. D-4-74-129-42 a "schloss, the core dating to 1486, rebuilt after destruction in the Peasants' War, three-storey main building, in 1636 with the core of the 15th/16th century, east side with irregular triangular end, covered, round staircase tower, renovated in 1890; covered passageway to a two-storey outbuilding, 18th/19th century" and as area monument no. D-4-6234-0175 "Subterranean structures of the Late Mediaeval and Early Modern schloss of Kohlstein" by the Bavarian State Officer for Monument Protection.
# Palace of the Republic, Minsk

The Palace of the Republic (Belarusian: Палац Рэспублікі) is a palatial government building in Minsk, Belarus. It is used for official state functions including forums, meetings, conventions, multi-genre concerts, symphony orchestras, and New Year's events.

## Background

According to its official website, the idea for this building was conceptualised by Pyotr Masherov, first secretary of the central committee of the Communist Party of Belarus. In 1982, a competition was conducted to produce a design for the building. Belgosproject produced the winning design. Construction began in 1985 but came to a halt as a result of the political upheaval caused by the fall of the Soviet Union.
Construction restarted in 1995 by the order of Alexander Lukashenko, the first elected president of the newly formed Republic of Belarus. Building work was completed in October 1997 and the palace became fully operational on the last day of 2001 and features a 2,700-seat auditorium, a 500-seat indoor amphitheater, a press center, and several conference halls.
# Auguste Joseph Alphonse Gratry

Auguste Joseph Alphonse Gratry (usually known as Joseph Gratry; 10 March 1805 − 6 February 1872) was a French Catholic priest, author and theologian.

## Biography

Gratry was born at Lille and educated at the École Polytechnique of Paris. In 1828, he went on to study theology at seminary in Strasbourg under the tutelage of the abbé Bautain. After a period of mental struggle which he has described in Souvenirs de ma jeunesse, he was ordained a priest in Strasbourg in 1832. After a stay there as professor of the Petit Séminaire, he was appointed director of the Collège Stanislas in Paris in 1842 and, in 1847, chaplain of the École Normale Supérieure. He was awarded the Order of the Legion of Honor in 1845.
In 1852 he and Abbé Pierre Pététot revived Bérulle's Congregation of the Oratory. Gratry was a brilliant academic, holding doctorates in both the humanities and theology. He envisioned communities which could be schools of theological exploration, working with the scientific focus of modern society.
He became vicar-general for the bishop of Orleans in 1861, professor of moral theology at the Sorbonne in 1863, and, on the death of Barante, a member of the Académie française in 1867, where he occupied the seat formerly held by Voltaire.
Together with Abbé Philippe Pététot, pastor of Saint Roch, and Hyacinthe de Valroger, Joseph Gratry reconstituted the French Oratory, a society of priests mainly dedicated to education.

### Death

Gratry developed throat cancer at the end of his life and went to Montreux, Switzerland, for treatment, where he died. He was buried in Montparnasse Cemetery in Paris by his sister.

## Works

* De la connaissance de Dieu, (The Knowledge of God) opposing Positivism (1855)
* La Logique (1856)
* Les Sources, conseils pour la conduite de l'esprit (1861−1862)
* La Philosophie du credo (1861)
* Commentaire sur l'évangile de Saint Matthieu (1863)
* Jésus-Christ: réponse à M. Renan (1864)
* Les Sophistes et la critique (in controversy with E. Vacherot) (1864)
* La Morale et la loi de l'histoire, (Morality and the law of History), (1868)
* Mgr. l'évêque d'Orléans et Mgr. l'archevêque de Malines (1869), containing a clear exposition of the historical arguments against the doctrine of papal infallibility.
* Souvenirs de ma jeunesse (1874)
# Glasul

Glasul (English: The Voice), known later as Glasul Naţiunii (English: The Nation's Voice), was the first newspaper in the Republic of Moldova to appear in the Latin alphabet during the dying years of the Soviet Union. Glasul Naţiunii was founded in 1988 by Leonida Lari.

## History

The first issue of Glasul Naţiunii was printed in Riga in 1988, the second one in Vilnius the same year, and the third one was printed in Chişinău on February 15, 1989. After discovering that copies of the first issue were circulating in Chişinău, Semion Grossu declared the publication illegal.
# Einar Holm

Einar Knut Holm (12 August 1933 – 6 August 2021) was a Norwegian politician for the Liberal Party.
He grew up in Hareid, and following his education as a teacher he settled in Hareid. He chaired the sports club Hareid TL from 1971 to 1976, and later chaired the board of Møre og Romsdal Fylkesbåtar.
He was elected to Hareid municipal council in 1971, and served 32 years, among those 16 years as mayor. He was a member of Møre og Romsdal county council from 1976 to 2003, serving as deputy county mayor from 1988 to 1991. He served as a deputy representative to the Parliament of Norway from Møre og Romsdal during the term 1981–1985. In total he met during 46 days of parliamentary session.
Holm was awarded the King's Medal of Merit in gold.
# 2016 in Monaco

Events in the year 2016 in Monaco.

## Incumbents

* Monarch: Albert II
* Minister of State: Gilles Tonelli (acting) (until 1 February), Serge Telle (starting 1 February)

## Events

* 21–24 January – the 2016 Monte Carlo Rally, a motor racing event for rally cars, was held in Monaco over four days, the first round of the 2016 World Rally Championship.
* 10–17 April – the 2016 Monte-Carlo Rolex Masters, a tennis tournament for male professional players.
* 29 May – Lewis Hamilton won the 2016 Monaco Grand Prix.
* 1 June – 15,000 2-euro commemorative coins were released into circulation marking the 150th anniversary of the foundation of Monte Carlo by Charles III, Prince of Monaco.
* 18–19 June – The 2016 Men's Rugby Sevens Final Olympic Qualification Tournament was held at Stade Louis II in Fontvieille.
* 5–21 August – Monaco at the 2016 Summer Olympics: 3 competitors in 3 sports (athletics, gymnastics and judo).
# Sohrababad, Ardabil

Sohrababad (Persian: سهراب اباد, also Romanized as Sohrābābād) is a village in Qeshlaq-e Jonubi Rural District, Qeshlaq Dasht District, Bileh Savar County, Ardabil Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 67, in 15 families.
# Ellen M. Immergut

Ellen Margaretha Immergut (born 1957) is a political scientist known for her work on electoral and political competition on welfare state reforms, policy analysis, health politics in Europe, and the impact of right-wing populism on social policies.

## Education and career

In 1979, Immergut received her B.A. degree in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology at Harvard University. She received her M.A. in 1983 and her Ph.D. in 1987 from the Faculty of Sociology at Harvard University. From 1986 to 1987, she was a lecturer in political science at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. This was followed by a position as assistant professor at the Faculty of Political Science at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology from 1987 to 1991. In 1991 she was promoted to associate professor and held the Ford International Development Chair. Between 1994 and 2002 she held the professorship for Political Theory in the Faculty of Administrative Science at the University of Konstanz. From 2002 to 2017 she was Professor for Comparative Analysis of Political Systems at the Humboldt University of Berlin. As of 2022 she is the head of the department of political and social science at the European University Institute.
In 2012, Immergut served on the international committee that reviewed the department of politics and government at Ben-Gurion University of the Negev and presented recommendations change the department, recommendations that were not followed and led to a plan to cancel politics classes at the university.

## Selected publications

As of 2022 Immergut's publications have over 7000 citations and she has an h-index of 22.
* Immergut, Ellen M. (1990). "Institutions, Veto Points, and Policy Results: A Comparative Analysis of Health Care *". Journal of Public Policy. 10 (4): 391–416. doi:10.1017/S0143814X00006061. ISSN 1469-7815. S2CID 55825849.
* Immergut, Ellen M. (1992). Health politics: Interests and Institutions in Western Europe. Cambridge [England]: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 9780521413350.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: date and year (link)
** Reviewed in multiple journals including Journal of Public Health Policy, Contemporary Sociology, and Acta Sociologica.
* Immergut, Ellen M. (March 1998). "The Theoretical Core of the New Institutionalism". Politics & Society. 26 (1): 5–34. doi:10.1177/0032329298026001002. ISSN 0032-3292. S2CID 143375959.
* Immergut, Ellen M.; Schulze, Isabelle; Anderson, Karen M., eds. (2006). The handbook of West European pension politics. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 9780199291472.
# What Is Philosophy? (Heidegger book)

What Is Philosophy? (German: Was ist das - die Philosophie) is a book by the philosopher Martin Heidegger. It is the published version of a lecture course he gave at Cerisy-la-Salle in 1955. It was translated into English by William Kluback and Jean T. Wilde.
# Adam and Eve (Baldung)

Adam and Eve is a pair of oil-on-panel paintings by Hans Baldung Grien, dating to around 1520 and now in the Uffizi in Florence. It is a copy of a pair of works on the same subject by Albrecht Dürer, produced in 1507 and now in the Museo del Prado.
Closely connected to another version in Mainz, the two works were first attributed to Hans Baldung Grien by Von Terey (1894) and Max Friedländer, an attribution now accepted by most other art critics. It faithfully follows Dürer's works, with a quicker and drier style and some additional details such as a deer beside Adam and birds symbolising the four humours and other topics. The nudes' idealised beauty is linked to their bodies' fragility in an interpretation of the vanitas theme.