# Megali Sterna

Megali Sterna (Greek: Μεγάλη Στέρνα, old name: Greek: Τσιγούντσα Cugunci / Tsigountsa) is a village in the Kilkis region of Greece. It is situated in the municipal unit of Cherso, in the Kilkis municipality, within the Kilkis region of Central Macedonia.

## Geography

The village is located 20 km northwest of the town of Kilkis, 6 km west of Cherso and 9 km south of Dojran Lake.
The terrain around Megali Sterna is flat to the southeast, but to the northwest it is hilly. The terrain around Megali Sterna slopes south. The highest point in the vicinity is 331 metres above sea level, 2.9 km north of Megali Sterna. Around Megali Sterna it is quite sparsely populated, with 42 inhabitants per square kilometre. The nearest major community is Kilkis, 16.5 km southeast of Megali Sterna. The area around Megali Sterna consists mostly of agricultural land.
The climate in the area is temperate . Average annual temperature in the neighbourhood is 16 °C . The warmest month is July, when the average temperature is 30 °C, and the coldest is January, with 3 °C. Average annual rainfall is 984 millimetres. The wettest month is February, with an average of 137 mm of precipitation, and the driest is August, with 32 mm of precipitation.
Megali Sterna :
Climate chart (explanation) :
As per the Kallikratis plan, this village, together with Michalitsi and Soultogianneika, constitute the local community of Megali Sterna, which belongs to the municipal unit of Cherso in the municipality of Kilkis. According to the 2021 census has a population of 323 permanent residents.

## History
### In the Ottoman Empire

In the 19th century Chuguntsi was a Bulgarian village in the Demirhisar Kaza of the Sanjak of Serres of the Ottoman Empire. In the "Ethnography of the Provinces of Adrianople, Monastir and Thessaloniki", published in Constantinople in 1878 and reflecting the statistics of the male population from 1873, Chiguntsi (Tchigountzi) is listed as a settlement with 368 Bulgarians in 70 households.
According to the statistics of Vasil Kanchov ("Macedonia. Ethnography and Statistics") in 1900 Chuguntsi was a village in Dojran said with 250 Bulgarian Christian inhabitants.
The population of the village is under the rule of the Bulgarian Exarchate . According to the secretary of the Exarchate Dimitar Mishev (" La Macedoine et sa Population Chrétienne ") in 1905 Chuguntsi (Tchougountzi) is a village in Kilkis said with 400 Bulgarian exarchists and a Bulgarian school.
At the outbreak of the Balkan War in 1912, two people from Chuguntsi were volunteers in the Macedonian-Edirne militia.

### In Greece

After the Second Balkan War, Cugunci came under Greek sovereignty. The Cugunci Sector of the Macedonian front was the scene of fighting between the Bulgarians and the Entente forces dominated by the Armée d'Orient (1915–1919). A number of photos from this time have survived.
In 1913, after the Second Balkan War, the village was in Greece. Its population emigrated to Bulgaria and was replaced by Greek refugees who were resettled there. In 1926 the village was renamed Megali Sterna. Pontian refugees from Varkenes in the Kars region of Turkey settled in the village. In 1928, the population of the village was entirely refugee with 124 families and 445 refugees.
To the north of the village is the church of the Exaltation of the Holy Cross which is a post-Byzantine three-aisled basilica of the middle of the 19th century and has been characterised as a monument in need of special state preservation. The Church of the Exaltation of the Holy Cross from the middle of the 19th century was declared a historical monument on June 27, 1987.

## Notes and citations

Notes
* ↑ Calculated from the variance in all elevation data (DEM 3 ") from Viewfinder Panoramas, within 10 km radius. sv:Lsjbot-algoritmnot
* ↑ Calculated from height data (DEM 3 ") from Viewfinder Panoramas.
Citations
* 1 2 "Αποτελέσματα Απογραφής Πληθυσμού - Κατοικιών 2021, Μόνιμος Πληθυσμός κατά οικισμό" [Results of the 2021 Population - Housing Census, Permanent population by settlement] (in Greek). Hellenic Statistical Authority. 29 March 2024.
* 1 2 "Viewfinder Panoramas Digital elevation Model". 2015-06-21.
* ↑ "NASA Earth Observations: Population Density". NASA/SEDAC. Retrieved 30 January 2016.
* ↑ "NASA Earth Observations: Land Cover Classification". NASA/MODIS. Retrieved 30 January 2016.
* 1 2 "NASA Earth Observations Data Set Index". NASA. Retrieved 30 January 2016.
* ↑ "NASA Earth Observations: Rainfall (1 month - TRMM)". NASA/Tropical Rainfall Monitoring Mission. Retrieved 30 January 2016.
* ↑ Kusev, Metodiy; Gruev, Georg; et al. Ethnographie des Vilayets d'Andrinople, de Monastir et de Salonique [Ethnography of the provinces of Adrianople, Monastir and Thessaloniki]. Courrier d'Orient. pp. 161–162.
* ↑ Kanchov, Vasil (1996) [1900]. Makedonija : etnografija i statistika [Macedonia: Ethnography and statistics] (in Bulgarian). Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences. p. 164. ISBN 978-9-54-430424-9. OCLC 164844115. {{cite book}}: |work= ignored (help)
* ↑ Brankoff, DM [in Bulgarian] (2018) [1905]. La Macedoine et sa Population Chrétienne: Avec deux cartes ethnographiques [Macedonia and its Christian Population] (PDF) (in French). Paris: Librarie Plon, Plon-Nourrit et Cie. pp. 98–99. ISBN 978-0-36-624171-2. OCLC 581594143.
* ↑ Македоно-одринското опълчение, 1912-1913 : личен състав по документи на Дирекция "Централен военен архив" [Macedonian-Edirne Militia 1912-1913: Personnel according to documents of the Central Military Archives Directorate] (PDF). primary source documents Arkhivni spravochnit︠s︡i (in Bulgarian). Sofia: Главно управление на архивите при Министерския съвет. 2007. p. 888. ISBN 978-9-54-980052-4. {{cite book}}: |work= ignored (help)
* ↑ "Wikimedia Commons results when "secteur de Cugunci" is searched".
* ↑ "Λιθοξόου, Δημήτρης. Μετονομασίες των οικισμών της Μακεδονίας 1919 - 1971" [LITHOXOU, Dimitris. Renamed settlements of Macedonia 1919 - 1971] (in Greek). Archived from the original on 2012-06-30. Retrieved 2012-06-30.
* ↑ "Κατάλογος των προσφυγικών συνοικισμών της Μακεδονίας σύμφωνα με τα στοιχεία της Επιτροπής Αποκαταστάσεως Προσφύγων (ΕΑΠ) έτος 1928" [List of refugee settlements in Macedonia according to the data of the Committee for the Rehabilitation of Refugees (EAP) year 1928] (in Greek). Archived from the original on 2012-06-30. Retrieved 2012-06-30.
* ↑ "ΥΑ ΥΠΠΟ / ΑΡΧ / Β1 / Φ34 / 24412/504 / 8-6-1987 - ΦΕΚ 378 / Β / 27-7-1987". Permanent list of declared archaeological sites and monuments (in Greek). 20 October 2014.