OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Morten H. Christiansen

Morten H. Christiansen (born 1963) is a Danish cognitive scientist known for his work on the evolution of language, and connectionist modeling of human language acquisition. He is the William R. Kenan Jr. Professor in the Department of Psychology and Director of the Cognitive Science of Language Lab at Cornell University as well Senior Scientist at the Haskins Labs and Professor in the School of Communication and Culture at Aarhus University. He finished a PhD at the University of Edinburgh in 1995.
His research has produced evidence for considering language to be a cultural system that is shaped by general-purpose cognitive and learning mechanisms, rather than from innate language-specific mental structures.

## Honors and memberships

In 2021, he became a member of the Royal Danish Academy of Sciences and Letters. In 2022, he became a foreign member of the Royal Norwegian Society of Sciences and Letters.
In 2024, he was awarded the Distinguished Cognitive Scientist Award by UC Merced.

## Selected publications

* Christiansen, Morten H.; Chater, Nick (2022). The language game: how improvisation created language and changed the world. New York: Penguin Books. ISBN 978-1-5416-7498-1. OCLC 1250200719.
* Christiansen, M.H. & Chater, N. (2016). Creating language: Integrating evolution, acquisition, and processing. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
* Christiansen, M.H. & Chater, N. (2016). The Now-or-Never bottleneck: A fundamental constraint on language. Behavioral & Brain Sciences, 39, e62 [target article]
* Richerson, P.J. & Christiansen, M.H. (Eds.) (2013).Cultural evolution: Society, technology, language and religion. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
* Christiansen, M.H. & Chater, N. (2008). Language as shaped by the brain. Behavioral & Brain Sciences, 31, 489-558. [target article]
* Christiansen, M.H., Collins, C. & Edelman, S. (Eds.) (2009). Language universals. New York: Oxford University Press.
* Christiansen, M.H. & Kirby, S. (Eds.) (2003). Language evolution. Oxford, U.K.: Oxford University Press.
* Christiansen, M.H. & Chater, N. (Eds.) (2001). Connectionist psycholinguistics. Westport, CT: Ablex.
# Cnemaspis dissanayakai

Cnemaspis dissanayakai, or Dissanayaka's day gecko, is a species of diurnal gecko endemic to island of Sri Lanka, described in 2019 from Polonnaruwa.

## Etymology

The specific name dissanayakai is named in honor of Dissanayaka Mudiyanselage Karunarathna, who is the father of Suranjan Karunarathna, first author. His father supported the research team financially as well as encourage them including his son.

## Taxonomy

The species is closely related to C. kumarasinghei and C. latha morphological aspects.

## Ecology

The species was discovered from a tropical dry-mixed evergreen forest in Dimbulagala, Polonnaruwa.

## Description

Snout-to-vent length is 28.2 mm in adult male and 29.4 mm in adult female. Granular scales are subconical. Chin, gular, pectoral, and abdominal scales are smooth. There are 105–107 paravertebral granules. Two precloacal pore is present. In males, 4–5 femoral pores are present. Median row of subcaudal scales are irregular, diamond-shaped, and small. Head is small with long snout. Small eyes have round pupils. Dorsum of head, body and limbs is generally dull brown. There are five W-shaped dark brown markings on the trunk. An oblique black line runs between eye and nostrils. Two straight dark brown postorbital stripes run through eye to postero-ventrally. Tail is dorsally grey pinkish with 5–7 faded black cross-bands.
# Mšec

Mšec (Czech pronunciation:; German: Kornhaus) is a market town in Rakovník District in the Central Bohemian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 900 inhabitants.

## Etymology

The name is derived from the Czech word mšec (diminutive from mech), meaning "small moss".

## Geography

Mšec is located about 15 kilometres (9 mi) northwest of Kladno and 34 km (21 mi) northwest of Prague. It lies in the Džbán range. The Loděnice River flows through the southern part of the territory and supplies a system of several fishponds there.

## History

The first written mention of Mšec is from 1316. Albrecht the Elder of Kolowrat had built here a fortress in 1361, but it was destroyed already in 1388. In 1548, Mšec was first referred to as a market town. With a short break in 1536–1538, the Kolowrat family owned Mšec until 1569. It was then property of the families of Mičan and Štampach. The greatest development occurred during the rule of Matyáš Štampach, who had built here a school in 1601 and had rebuilt the castle.
After the Battle of White Mountain, properties of the Štampach family were confiscated. From 1662, Mšec was continuously owned by the House of Schwarzenberg.

## Demographics

| Year | Pop. | ±% |
| 1869 | 1,179 | — |
| 1880 | 1,177 | −0.2% |
| 1890 | 1,209 | +2.7% |
| 1900 | 1,083 | −10.4% |
| 1910 | 1,165 | +7.6% |
| Year | Pop. | ±% |
| 1921 | 1,163 | −0.2% |
| 1930 | 1,057 | −9.1% |
| 1950 | 999 | −5.5% |
| 1961 | 992 | −0.7% |
| 1970 | 867 | −12.6% |
| Year | Pop. | ±% |
| 1980 | 826 | −4.7% |
| 1991 | 810 | −1.9% |
| 2001 | 828 | +2.2% |
| 2011 | 867 | +4.7% |
| 2021 | 874 | +0.8% |
Source: Censuses :

## Transport

The I/16 road, which connects the D6 motorway with Slaný and Mělník, runs through the market town.

## Sights

The main landmark of Mšec is the Church of Saint Catherine of Alexandria. It is a late Baroque building from 1780, which replaced an old Gothic church.
The Mšec Castle was built in the late Renaissance style at the turn of the 16th and 17th centuries, then it was baroque rebuilt in several stages in the 18th century. Neoclassical modifications were made in the 19th century. Next to the castle is a park.
# Saint-Julia

Saint-Julia (French pronunciation:; Occitan: Sent Julian) is a commune in the Haute-Garonne department in southwestern France.

## Population

* Church and Town hall
* Interior of church
* Town hall
# Małoszewo, Masovian Voivodeship

Małoszewo is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Bodzanów, within Płock County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately 5 kilometres (3 mi) north-west of Bodzanów, 19 km (12 mi) east of Płock, and 78 km (48 mi) north-west of Warsaw.
# Earth auger

An earth auger, earth drill, or post-hole auger is a drilling tool used for making holes in the ground. It typically consists of a rotating vertical metal rod or pipe with one or more blades attached at the lower end, that cut or scrape the soil.

## History

Metal augers have been in use since the Middle Ages to drill holes in wood. In the 19th century, the hand-operated earth auger became a common farm and construction tool in the US, and several inventors submitted patents for them. An example is the design of a certain M. Hubby of Maysfield, Texas, consisting of an open hollow cylinder with two blades at the bottom edge.
The first known power earth auger was built in 1943 by John Habluetzel, a farmer in Wamego, Kansas, from parts scavenged from other equipment, including a 7-inch helical blade from a screw separator. It was attached to a tractor and could be operated by the driver from his seat. It dug one 2.5 foot deep hole every minute. His invention was featured in the Kansas State Board of Agriculture's 35th Biennial Report. He went on to dig holes for other farmers at 10 cents per hole, a side business that he operated well into the 1950s. He donated his invention to the Kansas Museum of History in 1999.

## Types
### Blade arrangement

The most common design of earth auger has a helical screw blade (the flighting) winding around lower part of the shaft. The lower edge of the screw blade scrapes dirt at the bottom of the hole, and the rest of the blade acts like a screw conveyor to lift the loose soil out of the way. When the hole reaches the desired depth and the tool is pulled out, the screw blade scoops out the remaining loose dirt.
The rod may end in a sharp point protruding below the screw blade. Its purpose is to push the dirt that lies just below the rod to the sides, where the blade can pick it up. It also helps keep the hole straight by prevent the auger from wandering off to the side. The lower edge of the screw blade may have teeth.
Another type of earth auger has two vertical blades instead of a helical screw. Rather than scraping the soil at the bottom of the hole, this type of auger cuts a cylindrical plug out of it, that is held by friction between the two blades. The auger must then be pulled out and emptied every foot or so. This type may require less force to operate, but may be adequate only for certain types of soil.

### Power source

An earth auger can be powered by hand, through a T-shaped horizontal handle at the top of the rod.
An earth auger can also be powered by an electric motor or internal-combustion engine, or from a tractor or other vehicle through a power take-off.

## Uses

Hand-powered earth augers are typically used to plant saplings and trees or to set up posts for fences or other ends.
Large mechanized earth augers, called drilling rigs, are used to make holes for piles destined to be deep foundations or retaining wall.
Gas- or hand-powered augers are used by ice fishermen to drill through the ice layer over lakes or rivers.
# HMS Tonbridge (1918)

HMS Tonbridge was a Hunt-class minesweeper of the Royal Navy from World War I, named after the town of Tonbridge.
# Garaku, Rasht

Garaku (Persian: گراكو, also Romanized as Garākū) is a village in Kenar Sar Rural District, Kuchesfahan District, Rasht County, Gilan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 379, in 111 families.
# Saint-Maurice-de-Lestapel

Saint-Maurice-de-Lestapel (French:; Occitan: Sent Maurici de Lestapèl) is a commune in the Lot-et-Garonne department in south-western France.
# Combefa

Combefa (French pronunciation:; Occitan: Combafan) is a commune in the Tarn department in southern France.
It has an old ruined castle, the "Château de Combefa", former summer residence of the bishops of Albi. The chapel of the castle contained a 15th-century sculpture group representing the Entombment of Christ. The sculpture group was moved to the hospital of Monestiés in 1774.
# Phyllobaenus robustus

Phyllobaenus robustus is a species of checkered beetle in the family Cleridae. It is found in North America.
# Delta, Wisconsin

Delta is a town in Bayfield County, Wisconsin, United States. The population was 315 at the 2020 census, up from 273 at the 2010 census. The unincorporated communities of Delta and Pike River are located in the town. The unincorporated community of Sutherland is located partially in the town.

## Transportation

County H and Delta–Drummond Road are two of the main routes in the community.

## Geography

According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 72.3 square miles (187.2 km$^2$), of which 69.8 square miles (180.7 km$^2$) is land and 2.5 square miles (6.5 km$^2$), or 3.46%, is water.

## Demographics

At the 2000 census there were 235 people, 107 households, and 77 families in the town. The population density was 3.4 people per square mile (1.3/km$^2$). There were 328 housing units at an average density of 4.7 per square mile (1.8/km$^2$). The racial makeup of the town was 98.30% White and 1.70% Native American. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.43%.
Of the 107 households 20.6% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 64.5% were married couples living together, 1.9% had a female householder with no husband present, and 28.0% were non-families. 26.2% of households were one person and 19.6% were one person aged 65 or older. The average household size was 2.20 and the average family size was 2.53.
The age distribution was 17.9% under the age of 18, 3.0% from 18 to 24, 25.5% from 25 to 44, 27.2% from 45 to 64, and 26.4% 65 or older. The median age was 46 years. For every 100 females, there were 123.8 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 121.8 males.
The median household income was $37,679 and the median family income was $44,375. Males had a median income of $30,250 versus $28,125 for females. The per capita income for the town was $19,697. None of the families and 3.6% of the population were living below the poverty line, including no under eighteens and 6.1% of those over 64.
46°28′22″N 91°16′13″W﻿ / ﻿46.47278°N 91.27028°W﻿ / 46.47278; -91.27028
# Karasuk, Novosibirsk Oblast

Karasuk (Russian: Карасу́к; Kazakh: Қарасуық, Qarasuyq) is a town and the administrative center of Karasuksky District in Novosibirsk Oblast, Russia, located on the Karasuk River 678 kilometers (421 mi) west of Novosibirsk, the administrative center of the oblast. Population: 28,586 (2010 Census); 28,734 (2002 Census); 29,401 (1989 Soviet census).

## History

It was founded in the late 18th century and was granted town status in 1954.

## Administrative and municipal status

Within the framework of administrative divisions, Karasuk serves as the administrative center of Karasuksky District. As an administrative division, it is, together with the settlement of Yarok, incorporated within Karasuksky District as the Town of Karasuk. As a municipal division, the Town of Karasuk is incorporated within Karasuksky Municipal District as Karasuk Urban Settlement.

## Notable people

* Sergey Zhunenko (born 1970 in Karasuk), former Kazakhstani footballer
# Crime Reporter Holm

Crime Reporter Holm (German: Kriminalreporter Holm) is a 1932 German mystery film directed by Erich Engels and starring Hermann Speelmans, Elga Brink and Julius Falkenstein. It was shot at the Johannisthal Studios in Berlin. The film's sets were designed by the art directors Willi Herrmann and Herbert Lippschitz. Location shooting took place around Garmisch-Partenkirchen in Bavaria.

## Synopsis

At a hotel in a resort town in the Bavarian Alps, a retired district attorney from Chicago is shot dead. Crime reporter Peter Holm is on the spot and joins in the murder investigation.

## Cast

* Hermann Speelmans as Peter Holm
* Julius Falkenstein as Professor Caesar Cicero Nebelthau
* Elga Brink as Carla Garden, Tänzerin
* Anny Schwarz as Marie
* Harry Hardt
* Erik Wirl
* Alfred Beierle
* Hugo Flink
* Gerhard Bienert
* Gerhard Dammann
* Karl Klöckner
* Ossy Kratz-Corell
# Narang railway station

Narang Railway Station (Urdu: نارنگ ریلوے اسٹیشن, Punjabi: نارنگ ریلوے اسٹیشن) is located in Narang city, Sheikhupura district of Punjab province, Pakistan.
# Filoteia

Filoteia (Greek: Φιλώτεια, before 1922: Κουζούσιανη – Kouzousiani) is a village in Pella regional unit, Macedonia, Greece.
Filoteia had 647 inhabitants in 1981. In fieldwork done by anthropologist Riki Van Boeschoten in late 1993, Filoteia was populated by Slavophones and a Greek population descended from Anatolian Greek refugees who arrived during the Greek–Turkish population exchange. The Macedonian language was spoken by people over 60, mainly in private. A mosque used to exist in the village, later destroyed.
# Capicua

Ana Matos Fernandes, better known by the stage name Capicua, is a Portuguese rapper from Porto.

## Biography

Ana Matos Fernandes was born in Porto, Portugal and graduated in Sociology in ISCTE and got her PhD in Human Geography at Barcelona. Nonetheless, she always wanted to make music. Her songs started to reach the mainstream media in 2012. She began making collaborations with several artists, such as Sérgio Godinho, Sam the Kid and DJ Ride. Her work is strongly influenced by Portuguese poets, such as Sophia de Mello Breyner.

## Discography

* 2021 - Encore (Live EP)
* 2020 - Madrepérola
* 2015 - Medusa
* 2014 - Sereia Louca (LP)
* 2013 - Capicua goes West (Mixtape Vol.2)
* 2012 - Capicua (LP)
* 2008 - Capicua goes Preemo (Mixtape Vol.1)
* 2007 - Mau Feitio
* 2006- Syzygy (EP)
# Art and Documentation

Art and Documentation (Polish: Sztuka i Dokumentacja) is a scholarly journal on art published in the years 2009-2017 by the Art and Documentation Association in Lodz (Poland). Since 2018 the journal is published by Academy of Fine Arts in Gdansk. It appears twice a year. Scholarly articles are peer-reviewed. All content is published under the Creative Commons licenses. The journal is a platform aiming at shaping views, posing questions and initiating research. It gathers scholars, artists, art critics and curators. Art and Documentation focuses on works of an ephemeral nature, i.e. conceptual or post-conceptual works and related issues and documentation and documenting of contemporary art as well as creating art based on documentation. It also publishes primary sources - gallery timelines, manifestos, artists' statements etc. The journal's aim is to include research on art within the broader field of performance studies, strengthen the relationship between academic research on art and contemporary art practices, and combine theory and practice in a more direct way. This is reflected in the topics presented in the journal and the extended scope of research and methodologies that are becoming more diverse and interdisciplinary.
Editorial board: Łukasz Guzek (chief editor), Anka Lesniak (managing editor), Jozef Robakowski, Aurelia Mandziuk, Adam Klimczak, Anne Seagrave (English proofreading), Norbert Trzeciak (graphic design).
Board of scholars: Ryszard Kluszczyński, Kristine Stiles, Anna Markowska, Slavka Sverakova, Leszek Brogowski, Tomasz Załuski, Bogusław Jasiński, Tassilo von Blittersdorff, Cornelia Lauf, Iwona Szmelter, Hanna B. Hölling.
Articles are available at journal's website and in the databases CEJSH, CEEOL, BazHum, EBSCO, ESCI, and POL-index.
# Basconcillos del Tozo

Basconcillos del Tozo is a municipality and town located in the province of Burgos, Castile and León, Spain. According to the 2004 census (INE), the municipality has a population of 371 inhabitants.
The municipality of Basconcillos del Tozo is made up of twelve towns: Basconcillos del Tozo (seat or capital), Arcellares, Barrio Panizares, Fuente úrbel, Hoyos del Tozo, La Piedra, La Rad, Prádanos del Tozo, San Mamés de Abar, Santa Cruz del Tozo, Talamillo del Tozo and Trasahedo.
# Øksfjord Church

Øksfjord Church (Norwegian: Øksfjord kirke) is a parish church of the Church of Norway in Loppa Municipality in Finnmark county, Norway. It is located in the village of Øksfjord. It is main church for the Loppa parish which is part of the Alta prosti (deanery) in the Diocese of Nord-Hålogaland. The stone church was built in a long church style in 1954 using plans drawn up by the architect Hans Magnus. The church seats about 210 people.

## History

The first church in Øksfjord was built in 1842. In 1898, a new church was built on the same site. This building was designed by the architect D.G. Evjen. In 1944, as the German army was retreating near the end of World War II, they burned the church to the ground. The parish built a new church on the same spot in 1954.
# USS Hempstead (AVP-43)

What would have been the first USS Hempstead (AVP-43) was a proposed United States Navy seaplane tender that was never laid down.

## Construction and commissioning

Hempstead was to have been one of 41 Barnegat-class small seaplane tenders the U.S. Navy planned to commission during the early 1940s, and was to have been built at Houghton, Washington, by the Lake Washington Shipyard. However, by the spring of 1943 the Navy deemed that number of seaplane tenders excess to requirements, and decided to complete four of them as motor torpedo boat tenders and one as a catapult training ship. In addition, the Navy also decided to cancel six of the Barnegat-class ships prior to their construction, freeing up the diesel engines that would have powered them for use in escort vessels and amphibious landing craft.
Hempstead became one of the first four ships to be cancelled when the Navy cancelled its contract with Lake Washington Shipyard for her construction on 22 April 1943.
# Wojciech Dębołęcki

Wojciech Dębołęcki (Polish pronunciation:; 1585–1646), also spelled Wojciech Dembołęcki, was a Polish Franciscan friar, writer and composer. His musical works are among the first to use basso continuo. In his poetry, he praised the Sarmatism culture. He was the chaplain of one of the best military units of his times, irregular unit of Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth light cavalry - Lisowczycy, fighting on battlefields from Picardy to the banks of the White Sea. Dębołęcki has chronicled their history in his Przewagi elearów polskich, or The victories of Polish cavalry (1623).
Dębołęcki was born into a szlachta family of Jakub Konojadzki and Barbara née Decjusz. As a teenager, he acquired good education, studying at a Franciscan school in Kraków, and joining the order in 1603. Probably in 1603 - 1605 he stayed in Opole, and in 1615, preached in Kalisz. In 1617, he was sent to Chełmno, and probably in late 1617, he left Poland, heading to Venice and Rome. Dębołęcki spent two years in Italy: on his way back, he stopped at Olomouc, creating the Association of Christian Soldiers.
In 1621 - 1622, Dębołęcki served as a chaplain of the Lisowczycy, a legendary light cavalry unit, which at that time was under the service of the Holy Roman Emperor in the Thirty Years' War. He fought with them in Hungary, and after the dissolution of the force, went to Rome to continue studies and achieve a doctorate in theology (1623-1625). In 1626, Dębołęcki settled in Kamieniec Podolski, where he founded an organization which purchased prisoners from Muslim hands. Some of his works were controversial and were published anonymously under pseudonyms, so their authorship is uncertain. According to some sources, Dębołęcki's reputation was dubious, and to clean his name, once again he went to Rome, staying there in 1630 - 1632. After returning to Poland, he settled in Lwów.
# Barahathwa Municipality

Barahathwa is a municipality of the Sarlahi District in the Janakpur Zone of central Nepal. The municipality was established on 19 September 2015 by merging the existing Barahathwa, Murtiya, Hajariya, sundarpur chuhadwa village development committee su.chu. and Laukat village development committees (VDCs). The center of the municipality is established in the former VDC Office of Barahathwa Bazaar. After merging the four VDCs' populations, it had a total population of 50,424 according to 2011 Nepal census. The population is excepted to reached 100,000 in this decade.

## Municipality

The Nepali government announced in 2015 the creation of 26 new municipalities. With this announcement Barahathawa was upgraded to a municipality of Nepal; previously it was merely a proposed municipality. The adjoining villages, or VDCs, of Barahathawa, Shreepur, Murtiya, Hajariya, Janakinagar, Laukat and Sundarpur chuhadwa were merged with Barahathawa to upgrade it to the status of a municipality.
# Monfaucon, Hautes-Pyrénées

Website for Monfaucon en Bigorre
Monfaucon (French pronunciation:; Occitan: Montfaucon) is a commune in the Hautes-Pyrénées department in south-western France.
# Armand Robinson

Armand Robinson (born December 8, 1987) is a former American football wide receiver who played in the Arena Football League.

## Biography

Robinson played college football for the Miami RedHawks. In four seasons (2007–2010), he appeared in 50 games while recording 210 receptions for 2550 yards and 15 touchdowns.
Robinson signed a free agent contract with the Pittsburgh Steelers in 2011 as an undrafted rookie. In four preseason games, he had two receptions for 27 yards. He did not play in any regular season NFL games.
In 2012, Robinson played in the Arena Football League for the Kansas City Command. He recorded 47 receptions for 519 yards and nine touchdowns.
After his professional football career, Robinson went on to become a financial advisor.