OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Valergues

Valergues (French pronunciation:; Occitan: Valèrgues) is a commune in the Hérault department in the Occitanie region in southern France. Valergues-Lansargues station has rail connections to Narbonne, Montpellier and Avignon.
# Polish Northern Front (1920)

The Northern Front was one of the largest strategic formations of the Polish Army. An equivalent to an army group in armed forces of other countries, it was created on May 17, 1920, by order of Polish Commander-in-Chief General Józef Piłsudski, the front took part in the Polish-Soviet War. Its forces were instrumental in defeating the Red Army in the Battle of Warsaw and again in the Battle of the Niemen River. By August 1920 the units comprising the front numbered some 90,000 men at arms.
Initially named Szeptycki's Front (Polish: Front Szeptyckiego), after its commanding officer Gen. Stanisław Szeptycki, on July 5 it was renamed to North-Eastern Front and then again on August 6 to Northern Front.
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# Ilnyk

Ilnyk (Ukrainian: Ільник, Polish: Ilnik) is a village (selo) in Sambir Raion, Lviv Oblast, in south-west Ukraine. It belongs to Turka urban hromada, one of the hromadas of Ukraine.
The village was established in the second half of the 15th century. A local Orthodox church was mentioned already in 1507.

## History

Until 18 July 2020, Ilnyk belonged to Turka Raion. The raion was abolished in July 2020 as part of the administrative reform of Ukraine, which reduced the number of raions of Lviv Oblast to seven. The area of Turka Raion was merged into Sambir Raion.

### The Jewish community

A Jewish community of 40 families living in the village. In the summer of 1942, all the Jews of the village were required to move to Turka, where they were sent in August and October for deportations to Belzec. Only individuals were allowed to remain in the village and in December 1942 they too were transferred to Turka and from there to the ghetto in Sambor and perished along with the remains of this community. Small groups of Ilnik Jews wandered through the surrounding forests and built bunkers to hide. Some were handed over by the peasants to the Germans and murdered. In the summer of 1943, those hiding in the forests, including the remains of the Ilnik community, organized into larger groups. These used force to obtain food in the nearby villages. Some of them were also armed. Towards the winter of 1943-1944, two large, well equipped and well equipped bunkers were built, in which about 60 Jews were concentrated. The Germans followed in the footsteps of these bunkers, and after a battle in which the Jews also returned fire, most of them, including a number of Ilnik Jews, were killed.
# Ludwig Bruns

Ludwig Bruns (25 June 1858 – 9 November 1916) was a German neurologist who was a native of Hanover.
He studied medicine in Göttingen (since 1878: member of Corps Hannovera Göttingen) and Munich, receiving his doctorate in 1882. Subsequently, he was an assistant to Eduard Hitzig (1839-1907) at the insane asylum in Nietleben as well as at the psychiatric and nerve clinic in Halle. Afterwards he worked with Karl Westphal (1833-1890) and Hermann Oppenheim (1858-1919) at the Charité Hospital in Berlin. Bruns would maintain a working relationship with Oppenheim throughout his professional career. He also studied in Paris (under Jean Charcot) and England, later returning to his hometown of Hanover, where in 1903 he became a professor of neurology. Bruns was the first director of the Gesellschaft Deutscher Nervenärzte (German Society of Neurologists).
Bruns was interested in all aspects of neurology, however he is best known for his work in the fields of child neurology and neuropsychology. In 1906 he published Die Hysterie im Kindesalter (Hysteria in Childhood), in which he explains that abnormal behaviour in children is due to internal conflicts, being largely caused by overbearing parents who favor harsh punishment. His most significant work was Handbuch der Nervenkrankheiten im Kindesalter (Handbook of Nervous Diseases of Childhood), a textbook he co-authored with August Cramer (1860-1912) and Theodor Ziehen (1862-1950). In addition. he published an important treatise on localization of tumors titled Die Geschwultse des Nervensystem (Tumors of the Nervous System).

## Associated eponyms

* Bruns ataxia: Difficulty in moving the feet when they are in contact with the ground and a tendency to fall backwards, associated with frontal lobe lesions.
* Bruns’ syndrome: Characterized by sudden and severe headache, accompanied by vomiting and vertigo, triggered by abrupt movement of the head. Principal causes are cysts and cysticerosis of the fourth ventricle, and tumours of the midline of the cerebellum and third ventricle.
* Bastian-Bruns law: In complete transverse lesion in the upper spinal cord, the tendon reflexes and muscular tone below the level of the lesion are lost. Named with neurologist Henry Charlton Bastian (1837-1915).
* Bruns nystagmus: Bilateral nystagmus found in patients with vestibular schwannoma.
# Noviny pod Ralskem

Noviny pod Ralskem (German: Neuland am Rollberge) is a municipality and village in Česká Lípa District in the Liberec Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 300 inhabitants.

## Geography

Noviny pod Ralskem is located about 14 kilometres (9 mi) east of Česká Lípa and 21 km (13 mi) west of Liberec. It lies in the Ralsko Uplands. The highest point of the municipality and entire Ralsko Uplands is the Ralsko Mountain at 698 m (2,290 ft) above sea level. The Ploučnice River flows through the municipality.

## History

The first written mention of Noviny pod Ralskem is from 1504.

## Demographics

| Year | Pop. | ±% |
| 1869 | 538 | — |
| 1880 | 571 | +6.1% |
| 1890 | 507 | −11.2% |
| 1900 | 507 | +0.0% |
| 1910 | 495 | −2.4% |
| Year | Pop. | ±% |
| 1921 | 476 | −3.8% |
| 1930 | 502 | +5.5% |
| 1950 | 287 | −42.8% |
| 1961 | 297 | +3.5% |
| 1970 | 282 | −5.1% |
| Year | Pop. | ±% |
| 1980 | 279 | −1.1% |
| 1991 | 232 | −16.8% |
| 2001 | 248 | +6.9% |
| 2011 | 272 | +9.7% |
| 2021 | 297 | +9.2% |
Source: Censuses :

## Transport

There are no railways or major roads passing through the municipality.

## Sights

Noviny pod Ralskem is known for the Ploučnice Gap. It is an artificially created tunnel through the rock, which served the operation of a hammer mill. It is several centuries old and is protected as a cultural monument. It consists of two tunnels, 13 and 41 meters long, through which the Ploučnice river flows and overcomes the rock barrier.
The main landmark of the centre of the village and the only sacral building is the Chapel of the Holy Trinity. It was built in the late Baroque style in 1786.
On the Ralsko mountain there is a ruin of a Gothic castle. It has been desolate since the 16th century.
# Cuzac

Cuzac (French pronunciation:; Occitan: Cusac) is a commune in the Lot department in south-western France.
# Meymac

Meymac (French pronunciation:; Occitan: Maismac) is a commune in the department of Corrèze, in central France.

## History

During the Hundred Years' War it was pillaged by Rodrigo de Villandrando.

## Geography

The commune lies just south of the Millevaches Plateau and northwest of the Cantal mountains.
The Luzège has its source in the northern part of the commune; it flows south through the middle of the commune and crosses the town. The Triouzoune forms most of the commune's eastern boundary.
Meymac station has rail connections to Limoges, Brive-la-Gaillarde, Ussel and Bordeaux.

## Sights

* Arboretum du Puy Chabrol
* Douglaseraie des Farges
* Mont Bessou viewing tower
# Zibalai

Zibalai (Polish: Zybały) is a town in Širvintos district municipality, Vilnius County, east Lithuania. According to the Lithuanian census of 2011, the town has a population of 129 people. The town has a church of Catholics.
# Caen Basket Calvados

Caen Basket Calvados is a French basketball team located in the commune of Caen in Northwestern France. The club competes in LNB Pro B, France's second-division men's league.

## History

Caen Basket Club (CBC) was founded in 1959 after the scrapping of older basketball club Stade Malherbe Caennais. This section dissolved in September 1959 and the 80% of the chamber joined the new club, mostly to keep athletes and administrative benefits. The home games are played at the Palais des Sports of Caen (3,000 seats). The beginnings of the club was promising despite performance instability. Caen BC finished third in the National Championship 1 A in 1960, before two demotions in 1964 and 1969 that were followed by two lifts in 1966 and 1970.
In the 1970s, CBC knows its heyday with a first participation in the European Cups in 1971. CBC gradually stabilizes at the highest level of French basketball. From 1976 to 1979, under the chairmanship of Guy Chambily, the club finished every season on the podium French championship, disputing including two finals (lost) against ASVEL and Moderne in 1977 and 1979. In 1978 the club even reached the Semi finals (third) of the European Cup Winner's Cup where they eliminated by the Italian powerhouse Sinudyne Bologna.
However, the late 1980s sounded the death knell for the CBC. Renamed Caen Basket Calvados in 1982, the club was relegated to the lower level at the end of the 1988–1989 season. After several failed attempts to go back in National 1A, dark CBC in 1997 with a 16th place and financial problems. The club is then downgraded to National 4.
Started from scratch, Caen Basket Calvados rebuilds and goes successively in National 3 in 1998 and National 2 in 1999. Supported since 2013 by Nicolas Batum, the club sign Hervé Coudray as coach in May 2013.
Most recently, they won the championship of the third-level Nationale Masculine 1 (NM1) in 2017, thereby gaining promotion to Pro B.

## Season by season

| Season | Tier | League | Pos. | French Cup |
| 2011–12 | 4 | NM2 | 6th | |
| 2012–13 | 4 | NM2 | 4th | |
| 2013–14 | 4 | NM2 | 2nd | |
| 2014–15 | 4 | NM2 | 1st | |
| 2015–16 | 3 | NM1 | 6th | Round of 64 |
| 2016–17 | 3 | NM1 | 1st | Round of 64 |

## Honours

Total titles: 3

### Domestic

* French League
** Runners-up (2): 1977, 1979
** Third (3): 1960, 1976, 1978
* French League 2
** Winners (2): 1965, 1970
* French League 3
** Winners (1): 2017
* French League 4
** Winners (1): 2015
* French League 5
** Winners (1): 1999

### European competitions

* FIBA Saporta Cup
** Semi finalist, third (1): 1978

## Record in the championship of France

CBC has belonged for 31 seasons at the elite championship France for a record 355 wins, 18 draws and 357 defeats in 730 games. During these periods, he carried different names: Stade Malherbe Caen, Caen CBN, Caen BC and Can Horses.

## Notable players

- Set a club record or won an individual award as a professional player. - Played at least one official international match for his senior national team at any time.
* Jeremiah Mordi
* Nemanja Calasan
# Rozhdestvenka, Republic of Bashkortostan

Rozhdestvenka (Russian: Рождественка) is a rural locality (a village) in Michurinsky Selsoviet, Sharansky District, Bashkortostan, Russia. The population was 151 as of 2010. There are 2 streets.

## Geography

Rozhdestvenka is located 30 km northeast of Sharan (the district's administrative centre) by road. Tri Klyucha is the nearest rural locality.
# Mikalojus Radvila the Old

Mikalojus Radvila or Mikołaj I nicknamed the Old (Lithuanian: Mikalojus Radvilaitis, Mikalojus II Radvila Senasis, Polish: Mikołaj Radziwiłłowicz Stary, Latin: Nicolaus II Radziwil Priscus) (c. 1450 – 16 July 1509) was a Lithuanian noble. He was known after a patronym Radvilaitis, made of his father's name Radvila, which in turn became a family name of his heirs, Radvilos, which later polonised as Radziwiłł.
Mikalojus had been a regent of Smolensk from 2 December 1481; in 1483 a 10,000-strong army was summoned by him for protection of Smolensk lands. He had been the Castellan of Trakai since 31 May 1488 and regent of Novgorodok, later a regent of Bielsk Podlaski. He was the Voivod of Vilnius since 1492 and the first Grand Chancellor of Lithuania from 1504 until his death in 1509. His sons Jerzy, Mikołaj, and Jan were the progenitors of the three Radziwiłł family lines. His daughter Anna was the great-grandmother of Elizabeth Báthory.
# Boutenac

Boutenac (French pronunciation: ; Occitan: Botenac) is a commune in the Aude department in southern France.

## Church

In 1850, a French female artist named Béloya Collin gave a painting of Christ on a cross to the church of Boutenac.
# Saint-Martial-d'Artenset

Saint-Martial-d'Artenset (French pronunciation:; Occitan: Sent Marçau d'Artenset) is a commune in the Dordogne department in Nouvelle-Aquitaine in southwestern France.
# 2019 Ladies Open Lausanne – Doubles

Alexa Guarachi and Desirae Krawczyk were the defending champions, but Krawczyk chose not to participate. Guarachi played alongside Erin Routliffe, but lost in the first round to Cornelia Lister and Renata Voráčová.
Anastasia Potapova and Yana Sizikova won the title, defeating Monique Adamczak and Han Xinyun in the final, 6–2, 6–4.

## Seeds

* Monique Adamczak / Han Xinyun (final)
* Timea Bacsinszky / Mihaela Buzărnescu (first round)
* Mona Barthel / Xenia Knoll (quarterfinals)
* Oksana Kalashnikova / Ena Shibahara (semifinals)

## Draw
### Key

* Q = Qualifier
* WC = Wild card
* LL = Lucky loser
* Alt = Alternate
* SE = Special exempt
* PR = Protected ranking
* ITF = ITF entry
* JE = Junior exempt
* w/o = Walkover
* r = Retired
* d = Defaulted
* SR = Special ranking

### Draw

| First round | First round | First round | First round | First round | Quarterfinals | Quarterfinals | Quarterfinals | Quarterfinals | Quarterfinals | Semifinals | Semifinals | Semifinals | Semifinals | Semifinals | Final | Final | Final | Final |
| 1 | M Adamczak X Han | 6 | 6 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | B Gumulya J Rompies | 4 | 0 | | 1 | M Adamczak X Han | 6 | 7 | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | A Bai N Geuer | 4 | 5 | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | 1 | M Adamczak X Han | 7 | 4 | [10] | | | | |
| 3 | M Barthel X Knoll | 6 | 6 | | | | | | | | C Lister R Voráčová | 5 | 6 | [7] | | | | |
| WC | T Sugnaux S Waltert | 4 | 4 | | 3 | M Barthel X Knoll | 4 | 4 | | | | | | | | | | |
| | C Lister R Voráčová | 7$^7$ | 6 | | | C Lister R Voráčová | 6 | 6 | | | | | | | | | | |
| | A Guarachi E Routliffe | 6$^5$ | 4 | | | | | | | | | | | | 1 | M Adamczak X Han | 2 | 4 |
| | E Lechemia E Wacanno | 5 | 7 | [11] | | | | | | | | | | | | A Potapova Y Sizikova | 6 | 6 |
| | B Pera J Teichmann | 7 | 5 | [9] | | E Lechemia E Wacanno | 3 | 3 | | | | | | | | | | |
| | A Raina R van der Hoek | 6 | 4 | [6] | 4 | O Kalashnikova E Shibahara | 6 | 6 | | | | | | | | | | |
| 4 | O Kalashnikova E Shibahara | 3 | 6 | [10] | | | | | | 4 | O Kalashnikova E Shibahara | 6$^8$ | 3 | | | | | |
| | N Dzalamidze P Kania | 3 | 2 | | | | | | | | A Potapova Y Sizikova | 7$^{10}$ | 6 | | | | | |
| | A Potapova Y Sizikova | 6 | 6 | | | A Potapova Y Sizikova | 1 | 7 | [10] | | | | | | | | | |
| WC | Y In-Albon C Perrin | 7$^7$ | 6 | | WC | Y In-Albon C Perrin | 6 | 5 | [7] | | | | | | | | | |
| 2 | T Bacsinszky M Buzărnescu | 6$^5$ | 2 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
# Morning Glory (company)

Morning Glory (Korean: 모닝글로리) is a South Korean office supply and home goods manufacturing company. It was established in 1981 under a different name (신한교역문구센터).
It produces a variety of products, including notebooks, writing utensils, pencil cases, and home goods. It opened its first international store in Los Angeles in 1994. It had branches in New York and New Jersey by 2000 as well. The brand also exports products to other countries, including the United States and the United Kingdom. By 2014, it had locations in 20 countries in Asia, Europe, and North America. The company experienced a bankruptcy in 1998 and reorganized. In 2021, it relocated its Seoul office to the Morning Glory Building in Hongdae.
# Fernando A. Rivero

Fernando A. Rivero (1908–1972) was a Mexican film director and screenwriter active during the Golden Age of Mexican Cinema. Early in his career he also worked as an art director designing film sets.

## Selected filmography

* Gold and Silver (1934)
* Perjura (1938)
* Beautiful Mexico (1938)
* Les Misérables (1943)
* Marina (1945)
* Nosotros (1945)
* The Prince of the Desert (1947)
* Coqueta (1949)
* The Bewitched House (1949)
* It's a Sin to Be Poor (1950)
* Lost (1950)
* Good Night, My Love (1951)
* The Lovers (1951)
* Beauty Salon (1951)
* The Night Is Ours (1952)
* Victims of Divorce (1952)
* The Strange Passenger (1953)
# Dimitrios Avramis

Dimitrios Avramis (Greek: Δημήτριος Αβράμης; born January 1, 1975, in Trikala) is a retired amateur Greek Greco-Roman wrestler, who competed in the men's light heavyweight category. Dimitrios Avramis has claimed a silver medal in the 76-kg division at the 1997 Mediterranean Games in Bari, Italy, picked up a bronze at the 1999 World Wrestling Championships in Athens, and later represented his nation Greece in two editions of the Olympic Games (2000 and 2004).
Throughout his sporting career, Avramis trained as a member of the Greco-Roman wrestling team for Panellinios G.S. in Athens, under his brother and personal coach Spyridon Avramis. He managed to be Greco-Roman Wrestling Champion in Greece for 15 years in row in every age category, from 1990 to 2004: Junior (1990,1991), Teen (1992,1993), Young (1994, 1995), Men (1995,1996,1997,1998,1999, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004). His achievement becomes more remarkable, as he didn't lose any fight in Greece from 1990 to 2004.
He won his first international medal when he was just 18 years old, at the 1993 European Wrestling Championships in Götzis, Austria, where he picked up the silver medal in the 76-kg division.
Avramis emerged himself into the international scene at the 1999 World Wrestling Championships in Athens, where he picked up the bronze medal in the 76-kg division over Georgia's Tarieli Melelashvili that earned him a spot on the Greek Olympic team.
The following year, Avramis made his official debut at the 2000 Summer Olympics in Sydney, where he competed in the men's middleweight division (76 kg). In the prelim pool, he pulled Armenia's Levon Geghamyan off the mat in overtime on his opening bout, but suffered a mighty throw from Sweden's Ara Abrahamian by a 2–3 sudden death decision. Finishing the pool in second place and twelfth overall, Avramis' performance was not enough to put him through into the quarterfinals.
When Greece welcomed the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens, Avramis qualified as a member of the Greek squad in the men's 84 kg class, by obtaining an automatic bid for the host nation and placing second from the European Championships in Haparanda, Sweden. Entering the Games as a top favorite, Avramis delighted the home crowd inside the Ano Liossa Olympic Hall, as he prevailed two straight matches over Iran's Behrouz Jamshidi and Norway's Fritz Aanes in the round-robin pool to take a coveted spot for the next round. As he faced off against Russia's Alexei Mishin in the quarterfinals, Avramis could not hold his tough opponent into the ring and lost the match 2–5. With his next opponent Mohamed Abdelfatah of Egypt being disqualified for protesting, Avramis was immediately awarded a spot in the fifth-place match by forfeit.
# Torfyanoy

Torfyanoy (Russian: Торфяной) is a rural locality (a village) in Chesnokovsky Selsoviet, Ufimsky District, Bashkortostan, Russia. The population was 196 as of 2010. There are 2 streets.

## Geography

Torfyanoy is located 19 km south of Ufa (the district's administrative centre) by road. Geofizikov is the nearest rural locality.
# Valignat

Valignat (French pronunciation:; Occitan: Valinhac) is a commune in the Allier department in Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes in central France.
# Saint-Genès-du-Retz

Saint-Genès-du-Retz (French pronunciation:; Occitan: Sent Genèst de Retz) is a commune in the Puy-de-Dôme department in Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes in central France.
Its inhabitants are called Saint-Genestois.
# Magnesium L-threonate

Magnesium L-threonate is a magnesium salt of L-threonic acid having the formula Mg(C$_4$H$_7$O$_5$)$_2$.
# Society of Fighters for Freedom and Democracy

The Society of Fighters for Freedom and Democracy (Polish: Związek Bojowników o Wolność i Demokrację, ZBoWiD) was an official Polish state-controlled veterans association in the People's Republic of Poland. Initially headed by Franciszek Jóźwiak, it was formed on September 2, 1949 out of 11 pre-existing veterans associations. In its early period, and especially during the Stalinist years, the organization was formed mostly of former veterans of the Soviet-sponsored Polish People's Army, communist partisans and former concentration camp inmates. However, with the advent of a partial political thaw in the 1960s it also started accepting the veterans of other Polish formations that had fought in World War II.
Directly subordinate to the party, the society held an important place within the Polish governmental structure: it was the only authority certifying veterans' and combatants' rights and privileges in Poland. In 1970 the ZBoWiD had roughly 330,000 members, in 1986 almost 800,000. Among its leaders were Mieczysław Moczar and Włodzimierz Sokorski.
In April 1990, ZBoWiD was reformed into the Związek Kombatantów RP i Byłych Więźniów Politycznych (Society of Veterans of the Republic of Poland and Former Political Prisoners) for members of all Polish military formations including partisan, self-defence units, and the Polish Underground State.
# Invasion of Cheikh Said

The invasion of Cheikh Said was a part of the campaigns by the Ottomans to take Aden, a British crown colony. It was a British offensive led by H. V. Cox to destroy Ottoman works, wells, and armaments they had there on the 10th of November 1914. It resulted in Ottoman retreat and total British victory by the next day.

## Background

Britain declared war on the Ottoman Empire on 5 November 1914. In response, the Ottomans themselves declared war back on the British six days later. From the start of the war, the Ottomans had planned to along with the Arab tribes, to take over the British crown colony of Aden and its hinterland, the Aden Protectorate. The Ottomans, to execute the plan, maintained a small fort guarding the entrance of the Red Sea in Cheikh Saïd, a peninsula which juts out into the Red Sea towards the island of Perim. Meanwhile, Britain ordered The 29th Indian Brigade, under Brigadier-General H. V. Cox, CB, then on its way from India to Suez, to interrupt its voyage to capture Cheikh Saïd and destroy the Ottoman forces gathered there.

## Battle

On the 10th of November, the British sent transports conveying three battalions of the 29th Indian Brigade and 23rd Sikh Pioneers to land an offensive on the Ottoman garrison present in the Peninsula. Accompanied by the armored cruiser HMS Duke of Edinburgh, opened fire on the Ottoman garrison while the transports were seeking a place to land. The location planned earlier though, was impossible for troops to land on account of the weather and the troops landed somewhere else a little way off under the armored cruiser's cover fire. The 29th Indian Brigade and 23rd Sikh Pioneers along with the sailors who had joined in the landing stormed the Ottomans' position and forced the Turks to leave their field guns behind and retreat.The next day, with a naval demolition party the Ottomans' fortifications were lost to the British forces. After its capture, the Ottomans' fort there was blown up by the British.

## After the landing

What followed was that H. V. Cox continued his way to Suez. As it was unfavorable to continue the offensive inland.The Ottomans in turn had troops stationed at the north of the Aden Protectorate's border. As of its impact, it kickstarted the Aden Theatre. In July 1915, the peninsula was retaken by Ottoman forces until their surrender on 19 January 1919.