OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Double affine Hecke algebra

In mathematics, a double affine Hecke algebra, or Cherednik algebra, is an algebra containing the Hecke algebra of an affine Weyl group, given as the quotient of the group ring of a double affine braid group. They were introduced by Cherednik, who used them to prove Macdonald's constant term conjecture for Macdonald polynomials. Infinitesimal Cherednik algebras have significant implications in representation theory, and therefore have important applications in particle physics and chemistry.
# Al-Qa'im

Al-Qāʾim, al-Qaim, or al-Ḳāʾim (Arabic: القائم, "the riser") may refer to:

## People

* al-Qāʾim Āl Muḥammad, a messiah-like figure in Shi'a Islam, similar to the Mahdi
* People with full name or honorific al-Qāʾim bi-amr Allāh ("the one raised by [or 'who carries out'] God's order"):
** Muhammad al-Mahdi (869–?), 12th Shia imam, also called Muhammad al-Qa'im
** al-Qa'im (Fatimid caliph) (r.934–946), the second Fatimid caliph in Ifriqiya
** al-Qa'im (Abbasid caliph at Baghdad) (1031–1075), son of al-Qadir
** Abu Abdullah Muhammad ibn Faraj, rival sultan to Muhammad IV of Granada in 1327
** al-Qa'im (Abbasid caliph at Cairo) (f. 1451–1455), caliph under Mamluk authority
** Abu Abdallah al-Qaim (fl. 1509–1517), ruler of Sous in Morocco

## Places

* Al-Qa'im District, a district of Iraq
* Al-Qa'im (town), a town situated in the above district
* Al-Qa'im border crossing, between Syria and Iraq
# Herodorus

Herodorus (Ancient Greek: Ἡρόδωρος), also called Herodorus of Heraclea (Ancient Greek: Ἡρόδωρος ὁ Ἡρακλεώτης) was a native of Heraclea Pontica and wrote a history on Heracles around 400 BC. Plutarch references Herodorus several times in his account of Theseus in Parallel Lives. He is among the authors (= FGrHist 31) whose fragments were collected in Felix Jacoby's Fragmente der griechischen Historiker.
# Bakkebø Church

Bakkebø Church (Norwegian: Bakkebø kirke) is a parish church of the Church of Norway in Eigersund Municipality in Rogaland county, Norway. It is located in the northern part of the town of Egersund. It is one of the two churches for the Egersund parish which is part of the Dalane prosti (deanery) in the Diocese of Stavanger. The white, concrete church was built in a rectangular style in 1960 using designs by the architects Arnstein Arneberg and Olav S. Platou. The church seats about 400 people. It was consecrated on 29 May 1960.
In the first years, the church had two electronic organs, and in 1974 a pipe organ was built by Jehmlich Orgelbau Dresden.
# Pambis Kyritsis

Pambis Kyritsis (born 17 June 1958; Greek: Πάμπης Κυρίτσης) is a Cypriot trade union leader and former politician.
Born in Larnaca, Kyritsis studied at the University of Macedonia, where he was active in the student movement, and also co-ordinated supporters of the Progressive Party of Working People (AKEL) in Greece. From 1990 to 1992, he was the general secretary of the United Democratic Youth Organisation. He then joined the executive council of AKEL, heading its local government section. In 1995, he became executive secretary of the Pancyprian Federation of Labour (PEO), and then in 1999 its general secretary.
At the 2006 Cypriot legislative election, Kyritsis was elected in Larnaca for AKEL. There, he chaired the Parliamentary Committee on Labour and Social Insurance. He lost his seat at the 2011 Cypriot legislative election.
Kyritsis stood down from his trade union posts in 2021. In 2022, he was elected as general secretary of the World Federation of Trade Unions.
# Platania, Messenia

Platania (Greek: Πλατάνια) is a village in southern Greece, situated in the administrative region of the Peloponnese and the regional unit of Messenia. Up to 2011 it was a municipal district of the municipality of Avlonas. Since the 2011 local government reform, it is part of the municipality of Trifylia. The population of the village is 81 people (2021).
# Kuczki-Wieś

Kuczki-Wieś is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Gózd, within Radom County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately 6 kilometres (4 mi) west of Gózd, 13 km (8 mi) east of Radom, and 98 km (61 mi) south of Warsaw.
# Jun Hee-kyung

Jun Hee-kyung (Korean: 전희경, born 9 October 1975) is a South Korean conservative politician who is a member of the National Assembly from right-wing Liberty Korea Party (LKP) since 2016. Before joining the politics, she was the secretary-general of Centre for Free Economics.

## Biography

Jun was born in Seongbuk District, Seoul but grown up and educated in Uijeongbu after her father's business failure. According to her, she was an introvert and liked to think about something during this time. She earned a Bachelor's Degree in Public Administration from Ewha Womans University.
She served as the policy director of Citizens United for Better Society from 2006 to 2012, policy team leader of Korea Economic Research Institute from 2012 to 2014, and the secretary-general of Centre for Free Economics (then Centre for Free Enterprise) from 2014 to 2016. She also represented Saenuri Party (then Liberty Korea Party) during the history textbook controversies in 2015.
Prior to 2016 election, Jun was brought into the Saenuri Party. She ran 9th in the Saenuri list and elected for the National Assembly. During the presidential election in 2017, she was appointed as the spokesperson of the LKP's presidential candidate, Hong Jun-pyo.
She is socially conservative, who opposes same-sex marriage and advocates harsher immigration policy.

## Controversies

In 2016, she faced a criticism regarding with her thesis plagiarism in Ewha University. It was reported that about 79% of her thesis was plagiarised from the others. On 23 March 2017, she gave her degree up.
Jun received another protests after her controversial remarks towards Im Jong-seok.
# Colombian Institute of Anthropology and History

The Colombian Institute of Anthropology and History (Spanish: Instituto Colombiano de Antropología e Historia), ICANH, is a scientific and technical government agency ascribed to the Ministry of Culture in charge of researching, producing and disseminating knowledge in the fields of anthropology, archeology and colonial history to protect the archaeological and ethnographic patrimony of Colombia.

## History

The National Archaeological Service was founded in 1938 in Colombia. In 1941, the National Ethnological Institute was founded by Paul Rivet. President Eduardo Santos Montejo invited Rivet to come from France to establish an academic teaching institute, which would formalize anthropological studies in the country. The institute was to be founded on scientific principals to investigate and analyze the diverse ethnic groups of Colombia. In 1952, the two organizations were merged, to form the Colombian Institute of Anthropology under the Ministry of Education. One year previously, the Colombian Institute of Hispanic Culture had been formed to preserve the Spanish culture of Colombia. In 1999, this organization was merged with the Colombian Institute of Anthropology to form the present entity.
# William Gates Building, Cambridge

The William Gates Building, or WGB, is a square building that houses the Computer Laboratory at the University of Cambridge, on the University's West Cambridge site in JJ Thomson Avenue south of the Madingley Road in Cambridge, England. Construction on the building began in 1999 and was completed in 2001 at a cost of £20 million. Opened by Maurice Wilkes, it was named after William H. Gates Sr., the father of Microsoft founder Bill Gates. The Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation provided 50% of the money for the building's construction.

## Building features

The building has the following features:
* The glass wall in the "fishbowl," a communal seating area in the building, is decorated with a paper-tape representation of the original EDSAC "Initial Orders" (boot program) written by David Wheeler and of a program written by Maurice Wilkes in 1949 to compute squares
* The building's main thoroughfare, called "The Street", has tiles that match the binary, UTF-8 representation of 'Computer Laboratory — AD 2001 — ☺'
* The fishbowl contains the original door to the Mathematical laboratory

## Energy efficiency

The William Gates Building aims to be energy-efficient. Its energy-saving measures include:
* Aggressive sleep scheduling of desktop computers.
* Use of a chilled-beam convection-based cooling system, with Oventrop valves, to cool rooms in the summer, and warm the floor above in the winter.
* Turning off lights in corridors, and the street, using motion sensors.
# Harije

Harije (pronounced; Italian: Carie) is a village in the hills west of Ilirska Bistrica in the Inner Carniola region of Slovenia.

## Geography

Harije is an elongated village on a hill ridge in the southeast part of the Brkini region along the road from Ilirska Bistrica to Podgrad. It lies at a watershed; springs flow to the south into Klivnik Creek and to the north into Posrtev Creek. Grmada Hill (516 m) stands east of the village and Ded Hill (576 m) to the west. Most of the cultivated land lies to the west and east, separated by meadows and pastures.

## History

During the Second World War there was a Partisan checkpoint in the village. The Partisans operated a kitchen and had several bunkers in the village.

### Mass graves

Harije is the site of four unmarked mass graves from the end of the Second World War. They all contain the remains of German soldiers from the 97th Corps that fell at the beginning of May 1945. The Cemetery Mass Grave (Slovene: Grobišče ob pokopališču) is located outside the north cemetery wall in the village. It contains the remains of four soldiers. The Vidos Oaks Mass Grave (Grobišče Vidosovi ceri), also known as the Mlake Lake Mass Grave (Grobišče pri jezeru v Mlakah), is located on the edge of the woods about 650 meters (2,130 ft) south of the village center and 40 m (131 ft) southeast of the main road. It contains the remains of four soldiers. The Laze Mass Grave (Grobišče Laze) lies next to the road, about 700 meters (2,300 ft) northeast of the village. It contains the remains of two or three soldiers. The Spring Creek Grave (Grobišče Studenčin potok), also known as the Studenčino Grave (Grobišče Studenčino), is located about 550 meters (1,800 ft) southwest of the main crossroads in the village. It contains the remains of one soldier.

## Church

The parish church in the settlement is dedicated to Saint Stephen and belongs to the Koper Diocese.

## Notable people

Notable people that were born or lived in Harije include:
* Franc Bilc (1786–1824), lexicographer
* Alojz Mihelčič (1880–1975), musician
# Soussans

Soussans (French pronunciation:; Occitan: Sauçan) is a commune in the Gironde department in Nouvelle-Aquitaine in southwestern France.
# Phlegon of Marathon

Phlegon of Marathon (Greek: Φλέγων, meaning "aflaming"; gen.: Φλέγοντος) is numbered among the Seventy Disciples. He was bishop of Marathon in Thrace. He is referenced in Romans 16:14, and his feast day is on April 8.
Phlegon is venerated as saint by Eastern Orthodox Church (April 21 and January 17), Roman Catholic Church (April 8) and other Christian Churches.

## Hymns

Troparion (Tone 1)
    Let us praise in hymns the six–fold choir of Apostles:
    Herodion and Agabus,
    Rufus, Asyncritus, Phlegon and holy Hermes.
    They ever entreat the Trinity for our souls!
Kontakion (Tone 2)
    You became the disciples of Christ
    And all-holy Apostles,
    O glorious Herodion, Agabus and Rufus,
    Asyncritus, Phlegon and Hermes.
    Ever entreat the Lord
    To grant forgiveness of transgressions
    To us who sing your praises.
Kontakion (Tone 4)
    Like stars, O holy Apostles,
    You illumine the way of the faithful with the light of the Holy Spirit.
    You dispel the darkness of error as you gaze on God the Word!

## Sources

* St. Nikolai Velimirovic, The Prologue from Ohrid
# Nansha Ferry Port

22°46′22″N 113°36′25″E﻿ / ﻿22.77278°N 113.60694°E﻿ / 22.77278; 113.60694
Nansha Ferry Port (IATA: NSZ) is a ferry terminal on the shore of the Pearl river (aka Zhujiang River), in the Nansha District in the Southern China's Guangdong province, situated immediately north of Hong Kong. It includes a passenger terminal for high-speed ferries connecting the Nansha District, in mainland China, with Zhuhai and Hong Kong.

## Facilities and Infrastructure

* Terminals: The port hosts multiple specialized terminals, including those for containers and bulk cargo, along with Roll-on/Roll-off (Ro-Ro) terminals​.
* Berths: Nansha Ferry Port boasts over 20 deep-water berths, accommodating large vessels, including ultra-large container ships (ULCS). The port has a quay length of 5,718 meters and is equipped with 16 container berths designed for ships with a capacity of up to 150,000 tons
# Kerstin Hed

Hilda Gunilla Olsson (21 May 1890 – 15 August 1961), known by her pen name Kerstin Hed, was a Swedish poet. Her writing career was productive, during which she published numerous poetry collections. She was awarded the Swedish royal medal Illis quorum, for her significant contributions in the field of poetry.

## Early life and marriage

Hilda Olsson was born on 21 May 1890 in Hamre, Sweden. She was the daughter of agricultural workers Kers Fredrik Jansson and Johanna Jansson (née Ersdotter). Olsson attended a public school before taking a summer course at the Tärna highschool. She married Anders Olsson in 1916, and she purchased her family farm Kersgården, in Hamreänger. In 1946, the couple and their two children moved to Matsbo, in northern Hedemora. which was also situated near Hedemora.

## Writing career

Olsson adopted the pseudonym Kerstin Hed, taken from the initial syllables of Kersgården and Hedemora. In 1913, her first work under "Kerstin Hed" was a poetry collection Från stigarna published by Ljus. This was shortly followed by her second work "Höstens sång", a poem that was published in Idun magazine. In 1916, Thule publishers released her poetry collection Gammelgården, and the following year, Albert Bonnier publishers issued her work Vägar och vandrare. Before the start of World War II, she released several works, including Arv (1923), Jord och människor (1928), Strömmar mot havet (1931), Bergslag (1934), Vägen till hemlanden (1937), and Av Jafets stam (1939). Her writings of this period were heavily influenced by the landscape of Dalarna County.
Olsson's later writings explored darker themes. In 1942, J.A. Lindblad Bokförlag published her collection entitled Jordens skönhet . Several poetry collections were released in the next few years: Över sjunkna land (1945), Träblåsare (1948), Ord från de stumma (1952), Vandrare i strandskog (1953), Skådebana (1956), Kopparslanten i källan (1959), and Tre orgelpipor (1960). She was honoured with the Swedish royal medal Illis quorum for her significant contributions to the field of poetry.
Although, Olsson is best known as a poet, she published a variety of other works in the 1950s. This included fiction in the form of the anthology of short stories Kvinnor vid älven (1955). She also published Glimtar över Sotdalarna, a historical book in 1958. In addition, she contributed to local newspapers and journals.

## Later years

Olsson died in Hedemora, on 15 August 1961.
# Jane Bernigau

Gerda "Jane" Bernigau (5 October 1908 – 23 March 1992) was an SS Oberaufseherin in Nazi concentration camps before and during World War II.

## Camp work

Bernigau was born on 5 October 1908, in Sagan, Germany (now Żagań, Poland). She worked in orphanages as a young woman.
In 1938, she joined the camp staff at the Lichtenburg early camp in eastern Germany. There, because of her willingness to get her job done, she was eventually promoted to chief wardress (Oberaufseherin) over the vast system of Gross-Rosen women's satellite camps. In May 1939, Bernigau was sent to Ravensbrück concentration camp as a guard.
In September 1942 (or 1943), Bernigau was sent as a wardress to the Mauthausen-Gusen concentration camp satellite camp at Sankt Lambrecht. Bernigau was posted to the Gross-Rosen concentration camp in 1944 as chief wardress and dealt with the initial training of female guard candidates until they were dispersed out to Langenbielau/Reichenbach for completion of their course.
She was awarded the Kriegsverdienstkreuz II. Klasse ohne Schwerter medal in 1944 for her devotion to the Third Reich and her camp services, and she had tremendous power over her subordinate female guards as well as the women prisoners in the sub-camps. In her 2008 book, A Narrow Bridge to Life, Bella Gutterman wrote: "The commander of Gross-Rosen inspected the camps frequently and went on field trips to choose appropriate locations for new camps. SS Chief Supervisor Jane Bernigau did a stint in Gross-Rosen and sometimes accompanied the commander on visits that had been chosen for new camps. She also joined him in visits to camps and factories where the employment of prisoners had to be regularized."

## Evasion of justice

In February 1945 Bernigau accompanied male SS leaders from Gross-Rosen to Reichenau, from where she fled during May 1945, and was never prosecuted for war crimes.
After the war she lived in West Germany. According to the German historian Isabell Sprenger, Bernigau was several times interrogated by the authorities, for the last time in 1976. She died in Husum in March 1992 at the age of 83.
# Smalininkai

Smalininkai (pronunciation; German: Schmalleningken) is a small city in Lithuania. It is located on the right bank of the Neman River, 12 km (7.5 mi) west from Jurbarkas, in the region of Lithuania Minor.

## Name

The name describes a place of tar and pitch burners ("smala": tar, pitch; -ingken: village).

## History

According to the Universal Lithuanian Encyclopedia, Smalininkai was most likely settled in the late 15th century as an important border crossing point. The border was established by the Treaty of Melno in 1422 between the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and the State of the Teutonic Order, which became the Duchy of Prussia after 1525 and then the Kingdom of Prussia after 1701. After the Third Partition of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth in 1795, it became the border between East Prussia and the Russian Empire. During 1871–1914, the border was between the German and the Russian Empires.
The route for trade, and later post, from Königsberg to Kaunas passed through Smalininkai. Smalinkai was marked on the map of the Kingdom of Prussia published in 1701.
In 1792 it was appointed to a market town. In 1845 the village became a parish and 1878 a church was built there. In the late 19th century, the village had a population of 709, which was mostly employed in agriculture, shipping and timber trade. Large quantities of spirit were sold to Russia, while Lithuanian rafters bought wooden pipes here. In 1902 a light railway was built from Pogegen (Pagėgiai) to Schmalleningken (Smalininkai).

### 20th century

Following World War I, in 1918, Lithuania regained independence, and in 1923 eventually obtained the region. In 1925, the village had 1,741 inhabitants. After the 1939 German ultimatum to Lithuania when Germany occupied the Klaipėda Region, the border was between Nazi Germany and Lithuania. In 1939, it was annexed by Nazi Germany and incorporated into the Landkreis Tilsit-Ragnit (district). The German occupation lasted until the end of World War II in 1945. Then after the Soviet occupation of Lithuania in summer 1940, the border became the border between the Soviet Union and Nazi Germany.
# Johannes Vogel (botanist)

Johannes Christian Vogel FLS FAAAS (born 15 May 1963) is a German botanist, who since 1 February 2012 has been Director General of the Museum für Naturkunde and Professor of Biodiversity and Public Science at Humboldt University, both in Berlin. He previously held the post of Keeper of Botany at the Natural History Museum in the United Kingdom from 2004 to 2012.
He was educated at Bielefeld University and Peterhouse, Cambridge. From 1982 to 1984 Vogel was a professional soldier in the armed forces of the Federal Republic of Germany.
In 2003 he married Sarah Darwin, a great-great-granddaughter of the naturalist Charles Darwin; they have two sons Leo Erasmus Darwin Vogel (born 2003) and Josiah Algy Darwin Vogel (born 2005). In 2009/10 the family were part of a recreation of Darwin's voyage on the Beagle for the Dutch TV show Beagle: In Darwin's Wake (Dutch: Beagle: In het kielzog van Darwin) on board of the sailing ship Stad Amsterdam.
Vogel is a Fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) (2010).
# Tashkalmashevo

Tashkalmashevo (Russian: Ташкалмашево; Bashkir: Ташҡалмаш, Taşqalmaş) is a rural locality (a selo) in Chekmagushevsky District, Bashkortostan, Russia. The population was 240 as of 2010. There are 2 streets.

## Geography

Tashkalmashevo is located 22 km east of Chekmagush (the district's administrative centre) by road. Starokalmashevo is the nearest rural locality.
# Insurance investigator

An insurance investigator examines insurance claims that are suspicious or otherwise in doubt. Investigators in this field have differing specialties and backgrounds. Some insurance companies have their own in-house investigation teams while other companies sub-contract the work to private investigators or private investigation firms. Although such investigations are usually conducted to combat fraud, very often investigators will be working simply to establish the circumstances of a particular claim (for example, in a multi-vehicular road accident involving various parties, claims and insurance companies).

## Insurance fraud

Methods of defrauding insurance companies are manifold, as are the means of investigating them. As a crime, however, evidence shows that insurance fraud in wealthy nations is increasing, with many governments running public awareness campaigns to deter potential fraudsters and appeal to the public to report any suspicious claims.
One of the most common forms of insurance fraud is the exaggeration of injuries. Because many injuries can be exceptionally difficult to quantify (for example, psychological injuries or physical injuries such as whiplash), investigators will often seek to establish that what the claimant claims is true (for example, if a claimant states he or she cannot work) and that there are no obvious discrepancies in the symptoms claimed (very often examined in conjunction with medical staff). Surveillance is often employed in such circumstances to verify the claim.
Another form of lesser known fraud is that of claiming on an insurance policy for injuries sustained before the policy came into effect. For example, in a road accident, a person may claim to have sustained a debilitating back injury. On investigation, however, it transpires that the injury had been sustained in an incident some months or even years before. Very often insurance companies and investigators will study medical reports and history to eliminate this possibility, as well as searching for evidence of previous claims or accidents.
There are also many forms of fraud involving property, for example when a person with valuable assets (property, for example) deliberately destroys them, often through arson, with the intention of then claiming the value back through insurance. Another form would be an art collector insuring a high value piece and then having it 'stolen' - claiming the money for himself and keeping the art piece in the process.

## In fiction

Between 1927 and 1937 the insurance investigator Miles Bredon appeared on a series of novels by the British author Ronald Knox. Employed by the large London-based Indescribable Insurance Company, Bredon is frequently called in to fix puzzling cases as one of the Golden Age Detectives. Yours Truly, Johnny Dollar, which aired on the CBS Radio Network from 1949 to 1962, featured "the transcribed adventures of the man with the action-packed expense account – America's fabulous freelance insurance investigator."
# Baigts

Baigts (French pronunciation:; Occitan: Vaths) is a commune in the Landes department in Nouvelle-Aquitaine in southwestern France.