OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Kromskiye Byki

Kromskiye Byki (Russian: Кромские Быки) is a rural locality (Russian: село, lit. 'village') in Vyshnederevensky Selsoviet Rural Settlement, Lgovsky District, Kursk Oblast, Russia. Population: 307 (2010 Census); 351 (2002 Census);

## Geography

The village is located in the Byk River basin (a left tributary of the Seym), 30.5 km from the Russia–Ukraine border, 69 km south-west of Kursk, 19 km south-east of the district center – the town Lgov, 8 km from the selsoviet center – Vyshniye Derevenki.

### Climate

Kromskiye Byki has a warm-summer humid continental climate (Dfb in the Köppen climate classification).
Climate data for Kromskiye Byki :
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | −3.8 (25.2) | −2.7 (27.1) | 3.2 (37.8) | 13.1 (55.6) | 19.3 (66.7) | 22.6 (72.7) | 25.1 (77.2) | 24.5 (76.1) | 18.2 (64.8) | 10.7 (51.3) | 3.6 (38.5) | −0.9 (30.4) | 11.1 (52.0) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | −5.9 (21.4) | −5.3 (22.5) | −0.5 (31.1) | 8.3 (46.9) | 14.7 (58.5) | 18.3 (64.9) | 20.8 (69.4) | 19.9 (67.8) | 14 (57) | 7.3 (45.1) | 1.4 (34.5) | −2.9 (26.8) | 7.5 (45.5) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | −8.3 (17.1) | −8.5 (16.7) | −4.7 (23.5) | 2.8 (37.0) | 9 (48) | 13 (55) | 15.7 (60.3) | 14.8 (58.6) | 9.7 (49.5) | 4 (39) | −0.9 (30.4) | −5.1 (22.8) | 3.5 (38.2) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 51 (2.0) | 44 (1.7) | 48 (1.9) | 50 (2.0) | 63 (2.5) | 71 (2.8) | 76 (3.0) | 53 (2.1) | 57 (2.2) | 57 (2.2) | 47 (1.9) | 49 (1.9) | 666 (26.2) |
| Source: https://en.climate-data.org/asia/russian-federation/kursk-oblast/кромские-быки-508268/ ||||||||||||||

## Transport

Kromskiye Byki is located on the road of regional importance 38K-024 (Lgov – Sudzha), on the road of intermunicipal significance 38Н-564 (38K-030 – Kauchuk – 38K-024), 2.5 km from the nearest (closed) railway halt 25 km (railway line Lgov I — Podkosylev).
The rural locality is situated 75.5 km from Kursk Vostochny Airport, 130 km from Belgorod International Airport and 275 km from Voronezh Peter the Great Airport.
# Varhaug Station

Varhaug Station (Norwegian: Varhaug stasjon) is a railway station located at Varhaug in Hå, Norway on the Sørlandet Line. The station is served by the Jæren Commuter Rail between Stavanger and Egersund. The station is 43.11 kilometres (26.79 mi) south of the city of Stavanger. Prior to 1907, the name was spelled Varhoug.
# Kosierady Wielkie

Kosierady Wielkie is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Sokołów Podlaski, within Sokołów County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately 7 kilometres (4 mi) south-west of Sokołów Podlaski and 83 km (52 mi) east of Warsaw.
# Kvernhushaug Tunnel

The Kvernhushaug Tunnel (Norwegian: Kvernhushaugtunnelen) is a 542-meter (1,778 ft) tunnel along Norwegian National Road 7 in the municipality of Eidfjord in Vestland county, Norway.
The tunnel was officially opened together with the other tunnels in the valley in 1986. It lies at an elevation of 364 meters (1,194 ft).
# Svébohov

Svébohov (German: Schwillbogen) is a municipality and village in Šumperk District in the Olomouc Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 400 inhabitants.
Svébohov is about 11 km (7 mi) southwest of Šumperk, 48 km (30 mi) northwest of Olomouc and 174 km (108 mi) east of Prague.

## Notable people

* Arnošt Valenta (1912–1944), army officer
# Tyndinsky District

Tyndinsky District (Russian: Ты́ндинский райо́н) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the twenty in Amur Oblast, Russia. The area of the district is 83,258 square kilometers (32,146 sq mi). Its administrative center is the town of Tynda (which is not administratively a part of the district). Population: 16,065 (2010 Census); 16,701 (2002 Census); 35,067 (1989 Soviet census).

## Administrative and municipal status

Within the framework of administrative divisions, Tyndinsky District is one of the twenty in the oblast. The town of Tynda serves as its administrative center, despite being incorporated separately as an urban okrug—an administrative unit with the status equal to that of the districts.
As a municipal division, the district is incorporated as Tyndinsky Municipal District. Tynda Urban Okrug is incorporated separately from the district.
# Kianida Reef

Kianida Reef (Bulgarian: риф Кианида, romanized: rif Kianida, IPA:) is the 350 m long in east-west direction and 140 m wide, narrowing to the east rocky reef lying in Osogovo Bay, off the southeast extremity of Rugged Island in the South Shetland Islands. Its surface area is 4 ha. The area was visited by early 19th century sealers.
The feature is named after the phantom island of Kianida or Cianeis off the Black Sea coast of Thrace, featured on a 1467 map by Nicolaus Germanus based on Claudius Ptolemy's Geography.

## Location

Kianida Reef is located at 62°38′32″S 61°12′33″W﻿ / ﻿62.64222°S 61.20917°W﻿ / -62.64222; -61.20917, which is 440 m southwest of Radev Point, 1.65 km west-southwest of Astor Island and 3.5 km north-northwest of Devils Point on Livingston Island. Detailed Spanish mapping in 1992, and Bulgarian mapping in 2009 and 2017.

## Maps

* Península Byers, Isla Livingston. Mapa topográfico a escala 1:25000. Madrid: Servicio Geográfico del Ejército, 1992
* L. Ivanov. Antarctica: Livingston Island and Greenwich, Robert, Snow and Smith Islands. Scale 1:120000 topographic map. Troyan: Manfred Wörner Foundation, 2010. ISBN 978-954-92032-9-5 (First edition 2009. ISBN 978-954-92032-6-4)
* L. Ivanov. Antarctica: Livingston Island and Smith Island. Scale 1:100000 topographic map. Manfred Wörner Foundation, 2017. ISBN 978-619-90008-3-0
* Antarctic Digital Database (ADD). Scale 1:250000 topographic map of Antarctica. Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research (SCAR). Since 1993, regularly upgraded and updated
# Balu Qayah

Balu Qayah (Persian: باللوقيه, also Romanized as Bālū Qayah and Bāllūqīyeh; also known as Antarballī and Gagīvard) is a village in Meshgin-e Gharbi Rural District, in the Central District of Meshgin Shahr County, Ardabil Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 133, in 25 families.
# Koskowo

Koskowo is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Stary Lubotyń, within Ostrów Mazowiecka County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland.
# Slotten Church

Slotten Church (Norwegian: Slotten kirke; Slåtten kirke) is a parish church of the Church of Norway in Måsøy Municipality in Finnmark county, Norway. It is located in the village of Slåtten on the mainland part of the island municipality. It is one of the churches for the Måsøy parish which is part of the Hammerfest prosti (deanery) in the Diocese of Nord-Hålogaland. The white, wooden church was built in a long church style in 1963 using plans drawn up by the architect Rolf Harlew Jenssen. The church seats about 100 people.

## History

The first church in Slåtten was built in 1896 when an older church (from 1763) from Kvalsund was moved to Slåtten and rebuilt. That church was used in Slåtten until 1944 when the retreating German army burned it to the ground. The church was rebuilt after the war. The new building was consecrated in 1965.
# Agios Nikolaos, Thesprotia

Agios Nikolaos (Greek: Άγιος Νικόλαος) is a village in the municipality of Filiates, Thesprotia, Greece. It is situated in the forested mountains near the Albanian border. The river Kalpakioti flows east of the village. In 2011 its population was 78. It is 3 km southeast of the Albanian border, 12 km north of Filiates town, 23 km northeast of Igoumenitsa, 33 km southeast of Sarandë (Albania) and 45 km west of Ioannina. The name of the village means Saint Nicholas in English.
# Caciques in Puerto Rico

The native Taíno tribes have played a major role in the history and culture of the island of Puerto Rico. At the head of each tribe was a cacique who, along with the nitaínos, governed each of the yucayeques, or villages of the island.

## History of island inhabitance

It has been suggested that the first tribe to begin settling in the Caribbean and therefore, Puerto Rico were the Ortoiroid, a small group that left Venezuela for Trinidad and Tobago around 5,000 BC. This group was succeeded by the Casimiroid people coming from Central America, and several other groups before the Taíno took over several hundred years after.

## Position in societal hierarchy

The Taíno of Puerto Rico lived in villages known as yucayeques, spread throughout the island. At the bottom of the hierarchy were the common people, who were known as naborias. These naborias were workers who also hunted, prepared food, and built houses in the community, which were called bohíos. According to The Encyclopedia of Caribbean Religions, "Naborias may have been descendants of "less pure" kinship lines, that is, descendants of Guanahatabey or the unnamed indigenous peoples of the third wave, or of kinship lines not as crafty in statesmanship as others." Above the naborias were the nobles, known as the nitaínos. They were in charge of keeping the naborias in check as well as leading them into battle. Finally, above the nitaínos were the caciques. Caciques were not only government officials, they acted as religious figures as well. These leaders held control of the yucayeques with often nobody higher to answer to except occasional situations where there were multiple caciques governing a single region, in which they would answer to a supreme cacique.

## Significance in Puerto Rican history

Caciques played a large role in the history of the island, most notably when the Spanish came to take their territory. Upon Spanish arrival in 1508, there were an estimated 20,000-50,000 Taínos living on the island. Believing the Spaniards were spiritual entities, the Taínos were very hospitable to the Spanish. Knowing this, the Spanish used the Taínos for labor and finding gold on the island. After much mistreatment, and the implement of the encomienda system over the land, the caciques and Taínos as a group lost their control of the island.
As a result of the Spanish abuse and dwindling number of Taínos, cacique Agüeybaná II was appointed to head cacique after the death of his brother. Skeptical about the Spaniards being spiritual figures, Agüeybaná II and Urayoán ordered an ambush of Spaniard Diego Salcedo as he was attempting to cross the Río Grande de Añasco. The Taíno drowned the Spaniard and kept his body for three days, fearing resurrection. After seeing the man was in fact mortal, the Taínos declared war on the Spanish, leading to the Spanish–Taíno War of San Juan–Borikén.
The Taíno, led by caciques Agüeybaná II, Urayoán, Coxiguex, Yauco, Jumacao, Loquillo, Orocobix, Guayama, as well as many others, rebelled, however they lacked the weaponry to defeat the Spanish. The Taíno were defeated and ultimately killed off by European abuse and disease.
# Yeman Jeluq

Yeman Jeluq (Persian: يمان جلوق, romanized: Yemān Jelūq or Yemān Jeleq), also known as Eslāmābād, is a village in Ahmadabad Rural District, in the Central District of Nazarabad County, Alborz Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 210, in 41 families.
# Maria Bruno

Maria Bruno (born 28 August 1992) is a Brazilian synchronised swimmer. She competed in the team event at the 2016 Summer Olympics.
# Urbarium

An urbarium (German: Urbar, English: urbarium, also rental or rent-roll, Czech: urbář, Polish: urbarz, Slovak: urbár, Hungarian: urbárium), is a register of fief ownership and includes the rights and benefits that the fief holder has over his serfs and peasants. It is an important economic and legal source of medieval and early modern feudalism.
Urbaria were also used to record land rent and stock. Depending on the region and writing materials for these lists they are also called Salbuch, Berain, Heberegister, Erdbuch (census book) Zins-Rödel or Rodel.
The term is from the Old High German ur-beran or the Middle High German erbern for "bring", "create" or "an income derived". It was used for economic, administrative or legal purposes as a directory of real estate, taxation, and the services owed a land holder (such as a monastery or noble) especially in the Habsburg lands. The panels of an urbarium, which may be recopied several times to create a clean copy, were either stored as a scroll (German: Rödel) or the strips of parchment were sewn together to create a codex, or were handwritten on preprinted forms in more recent centuries, as with Empress Maria Theresa's urbarial survey of the Kingdom of Hungary in the 18th century.
* Title page of the Tennenbacher Güterbuch (in Latin) from 1317 to 1341
* Urbarium codex from the Dominican Monastery of St Katharina in Freiburg, began in 1309, written in Middle High German
# Kostowiec

Kostowiec is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Nadarzyn, within Pruszków County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately 5 kilometres (3 mi) south-west of Nadarzyn, 12 km (7 mi) south of Pruszków, and 24 km (15 mi) south-west of Warsaw.
# Toshkun

Toshkun (Persian: تشكون, also Romanized as Toshkūn; also known as Towshkūn) is a village in Baladeh Rural District, Khorramabad District, Tonekabon County, Mazandaran Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 501, in 150 families.
# The Despairing Lover

The Despairing Lover is an English broadside ballad from the late-17th century, written by Edward Ford. It is about a man who loses his lover and vows to kill himself, until she saves him by returning at the end of the ballad. It is paired with A Constant and Kind Maid, in which the woman becomes the man's constant and loving wife. Sung to the tune of Fortune My Foe or Aim Not Too High, though according to William Chappell there is some controversy over the compatibility of these tunes. Copies of the broadside can be found at the British Library, the National Library of Scotland, and Magdalene College, Cambridge. On-line facsimile transcriptions are also available for public consumption.

## Synopsis

The ballad is told from the perspective of a man who has despaired of life because he has lost his lover. He laments that he is dying of a broken heart, that he is going to become a poor pilgrim and wander the earth telling strangers of his miseries, and that he wishes he could find a deserted place where nobody had ever been before. He says his woman used to be loving, but then her smiles turned to frowns. Even though summer returns after winter, his lover will never return. Finally, when he decides to simply end his life by stabbing himself with a dagger, his lover runs toward him, smiling and blushing, and tells him not to do it. In the final stanza, the narrator tells all maidens to listen closely the end of the story, where he proves himself true and she comforts him.
# Paradoxipus

Paradoxipus orzeliscoides is a species of tardigrade. It is the only species in the genus Paradoxipus, part of the family Halechiniscidae and the subfamily Orzeliscinae. The species has been found in the coastal waters of the southeastern United States, in the western part of the Atlantic Ocean. The genus and the species were named and described by Reinhardt Kristensen and Robert P. Higgins in 1989.
# Veliki Vrh pri Šmarju

Veliki Vrh pri Šmarju (pronounced; German: Großgupf) is a settlement northwest of Šmarje–Sap in the Municipality of Grosuplje in central Slovenia. The area is part of the historical region of Lower Carniola. The municipality is now included in the Central Slovenia Statistical Region.

## Name

The name of the settlement was changed from Veliki Vrh to Veliki Vrh pri Šmarju in 1955.
# Terpyllus

Terpyllus or Terpyllos (Ancient Greek: Τέρπνλλος) was a town of Mygdonia in ancient Macedonia. The name has also come down to us in the form of Trepillus.
The site of Terpyllus is unlocated, although a village in the former municipality of Kroussa has revived the name.
# Emerson Foote

Emerson H. Foote (1906 – July 5, 1992) was an American business and advertising executive who served as former chairman of McCann-Erickson. Foote later became an anti-smoking activist after resigning from McCann-Erickson.

## Early life

Emerson Foote was born in 1906 in Sheffield, Alabama. He graduated from Los Angeles High School in June 1922. Foote then enrolled at the University of Southern California in 1924.

## Career

Foote first worked on tobacco accounts in December 1938, for the American Tobacco Company. In 1942, Foote was a co-founder of Foote, Cone & Beldin. In 1948, Foote caused controversy when as president of Foote, Cone & Beldin, cancelled a $12 million Lucky Strike account. Foote served as president of Foote, Cone & Beldin until 1950. Foote joined McCann-Erickson on October 19, 1951 as vice president and served in that capacity until 1957. He was named president of McCann-Erickson in 1960 and served until 1963. Foote was named chairman in 1963. In 1964, Foote resigned as chairman from McCann-Erickson due to his opposition handling cigarette accounts. Foote was later elected the first chairman of the National Interagency Council on Smoking and Health and took office on December 1, 1964. Foote was also a life member of the board of directors of the American Cancer Society.

## Personal life

Foote suffered from stuttering and bipolar disorder. Foote was a former chain-smoker and quit around 1959. Foote married his wife, Sabina Fromhold, on April 18, 1938. His wife predeceased him in 1985. They had four children: one son and three daughters. Foote died on July 5, 1992, in Carmel, New York, at age 85 due to complications from an appendicitis operation.

## In popular culture

Foote is referenced in the AMC series Mad Men in the episode Blowing Smoke, when Don Draper after losing the Lucky Strike account, issues an ad for The New York Times, "Why I'm Quitting Tobacco".

## Books

* Foote, Emerson. (2014). The Lost Diary of a Real Mad Man: Tales of Advertising & Mental Health, American Academy of Advertising, ISBN 978-0-931030-47-5 (posthumously)
# Kosuty, Masovian Voivodeship

Kosuty is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Zaręby Kościelne, within Ostrów Mazowiecka County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately 3 kilometres (2 mi) west of Zaręby Kościelne, 15 km (9 mi) east of Ostrów Mazowiecka, and 96 km (60 mi) north-east of Warsaw.
# Marten, Bulgaria

Marten (Bulgarian: Мартен) is a town in the northern part of Bulgaria. It is located in Ruse Province.

## Geography

The town is located on the right bank of the Danube. In the site called Yamata (Bulgarian: Ямата) a meteorite crater, unique for Bulgaria, is located.

## History

The town was founded as a Roman Fortress called Tegra (Tegris, Tigris) in the 1st century AD, a part of the fortifications on the Danube border of the Empire. It is supposed to have existed also during the Second Bulgarian Empire. In early Ottoman documents it is named Maruteni.
Marten was proclaimed a town on August 7, 2006, by the House of Ministers of the Republic of Bulgaria.
Marten Crag on Trinity Peninsula in Antarctica is named after the town.

## Historic Sites

St. George church, built in 1896.

## Annual Events

Marten Fair is organized annually on May 6.
# Menaul Historical Library of the Southwest

The Menaul Historical Library of the Southwest (MHL or MHLSW) is located in Bennett Hall on the Menaul School campus in Albuquerque, New Mexico, and functions as a repository for records related to the Presbyterian Church in the Southwest, including churches, schools, and medical missions. The library is named for the Reverend James A. Menaul, who worked in the region. The library is currently preparing to move to a new location in Allison Hall, which is being renovated for that purpose.

## Collection

The library houses more than 8,000 items, including photographs, student records, memorabilia, yearbooks, tapes and transcripts, manuscripts, and personal papers, which document the history of the Presbyterian schools and missions throughout Arizona, Utah, Colorado, and New Mexico.
Its collection comprises a variety of materials that are used by researchers from the United States and internationally. The archives house over 1,800 folders containing personal letters, official documents, and photographs. The library section contains more than 3,700 books with a significant collection of books and journals detailing the interactions between Protestant missionaries and Native American groups in the Southwest. Additionally, the library holds over 400 objects, including clothing, furniture, musical instruments, and Native American artifacts. The photograph collection includes more than 1,000 historical photographs, negatives, and microfilm.
The library also maintains a collection of yearbooks from Menaul School and the Wasatch Academy dating to 1909, many of which have been digitized and are publicly available.
# 1923 Kamchatka earthquake

1923 Kamchatka earthquake may refer to:
* February 1923 Kamchatka earthquake
* April 1923 Kamchatka earthquake and tsunami
# Ethmia octanoma

Ethmia octanoma is a moth in the family Depressariidae. It is endemic to Taiwan.
The wingspan is 20–23 mm (0.79–0.91 in).
The larvae feed on Ehretia resinosa and Ehretia dicksonii.
# Mirepeix

Mirepeix (French pronunciation:; Occitan: Mirapeish) is a commune in the Pyrénées-Atlantiques department in south-western France.
# Runde Bridge

The Runde Bridge (Norwegian: Rundebrua) is a cantilever bridge that crosses the Rundasundet between the islands Remøya and Runde in the municipality of Herøy in Møre og Romsdal county, Norway.
Runde Bridge is located about 5 kilometres (3.1 mi) north of Fosnavåg and about 12 kilometres (7.5 mi) northwest of Ulsteinvik. The 428-metre-long (1,404 ft) bridge carries the Fyklesvei 18 highway. Runde Bridge opened on 3 March 1982.
# Emam Kandi, Khodabandeh

Emam Kandi (Persian: امام كندي, also Romanized as Emām Kandī) is a village in Sojas Rud Rural District, Sojas Rud District, Khodabandeh County, Zanjan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 318, in 72 families.
# Gonbadi

Gonbadi (Persian: گنبدي, also Romanized as Gonbadī) is a village in Khvor Khvoreh Rural District, in the Central District of Bijar County, Kurdistan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 95, in 22 families. The village is populated by Kurds.
# Kyzylyarovo, Zianchurinsky District, Republic of Bashkortostan

Kyzylyarovo (Russian: Кызылярово; Bashkir: Ҡыҙылъяр, Qıźılyar) is a rural locality (a village) in Yanybayevsky Selsoviet, Zianchurinsky District, Bashkortostan, Russia. The population was 98 as of 2010. There are 2 streets.

## Geography

Kyzylyarovo is located 148 km southeast of Isyangulovo (the district's administrative centre) by road. Nizhneye Mambetshino is the nearest rural locality.
# Sigmen Glacier

Sigmen Glacier (Bulgarian: ледник Сигмен, romanized: lednik Sigmen, IPA:) is a 2.2 km long and 2 km wide glacier draining the northwest slopes of Brugmann Mountains on Liège Island in the Palmer Archipelago, Antarctica. It is situated northeast of Zbelsurd Glacier and southwest of Shterna Glacier, draining the west-southwest slopes of Vazharov Peak and the northwest slopes of Mount Kozyak, and flows northwestwards to enter Palakariya Cove.
The glacier is named after the settlement of Sigmen in southeastern Bulgaria.

## Location

Sigmen Glacier is centred at 64°01′00″S 61°56′00″W﻿ / ﻿64.01667°S 61.93333°W﻿ / -64.01667; -61.93333. British mapping in 1978.
# Mount Mahya

Mount Mahya (Turkish: Mahya Dağı; Bulgarian: Махиада, romanized: Mahiada) (1031 m) is a mountain peak in Turkey. It is the highest peak of the Strandzha massif (Yıldız Mountains) and also the European part of Turkey.
# Rives, Lot-et-Garonne

Rives (French pronunciation:; Occitan: Ribas) is a commune in the Lot-et-Garonne department in southwestern France.
# Dyadovtsi

Dyadovtsi (Bulgarian: Дядовци) is a village in Ardino Municipality, Kardzhali Province, southern-central Bulgaria. It is located 192.06 kilometres (119.34 mi) from Sofia. It covers an area of 6.025 square kilometres and as of 2007 had a population of 85 people.