OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Canker

A plant canker is a small area of dead tissue, which grows slowly, often over years. Some cankers are of only minor consequence, but others are ultimately lethal and therefore can have major economic implications for agriculture and horticulture. Their causes include a wide range of organisms as fungi, bacteria, mycoplasmas and viruses. The majority of canker-causing organisms are bound to a unique host species or genus, but a few will attack other plants. Weather (via frost or windstorm damage) and animal damage can also cause stress to the plant resulting in cankers. Other causes of cankers is pruning when the bark is wet or using un-sterilized tools.
Although fungicides or bactericides can treat some cankers, often the only available treatment is to destroy the infected plant to contain the disease.

## Examples

* Apple canker, caused by the fungus Neonectria galligena formerly Nectria galligena.
* Ash bacterial canker, now understood to be caused by the bacterium Pseudomonas savastanoi, rather than Pseudomonas syringae. After DNA-relatedness studies Pseudomonas savastanoi has been instated as a new species.
* Butternut canker, caused by the fungus Sirococcus clavigignenti-juglandacearum
* Bleeding canker of horse chestnut, caused by the bacterium Pseudomonas syringae pv. aesculi
* Citrus canker, caused by the bacterium Xanthomonas axonopodis
* Cypress canker, caused by the fungus Seiridium cardinale
* Foamy bark canker of oaks in California, caused by the fungus Geosmithia putterillii
* Dogwood anthracnose, caused by the fungus Discula destructiva
* Grape canker, caused by the fungus Eutypa lata
* Honey locust canker, caused by the fungus Thyronectria austro-americana
* Larch canker, caused by the fungus Lachnellula willkommii
* Mulberry canker, caused by the fungus Gibberella baccata
* Oak canker, caused by the fungus Diplodia quercina
* Pine pitch canker, caused by the fungus Fusarium circinatum
* Plane anthracnose, caused by the fungus Apiognomonia veneta
* Poplar canker, caused by the bacterium Xanthomonas populi
* Rapeseed stem canker, caused by the blackleg fungus Leptosphaeria maculans
* Rose cankers, caused by the fungus Leptosphaeria coniothyrium and Cryptosporella umbrina
* Scleroderris canker, caused by the fungus Gremmeniella abietina
* Southwest canker, caused by environmental conditions (frost damage and sun-scalding)
* Strawberry anthracnose, caused by the fungus species complexes Colletotrichum acutatum and C. gloeosporioides (incl. C. fragariae)
* Tomato anthracnose, caused by the fungus Colletotrichum coccodes
* Willow anthracnose, caused by the fungus Marssonina salicicola
* Canker on a birch
* Canker on a beech tree
* Canker on an ash tree in North Ayrshire, Scotland
# Liouc

Liouc (French pronunciation:; Occitan: Lièuc) is a commune in the Gard department in southern France.
# Eslamabad, Saqqez

Eslamabad (Persian: اسلام آباد, also Romanized as Eslāmābād) is a village in Tamugheh Rural District, in the Central District of Saqqez County, Kurdistan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 188, in 44 families. The village is populated by Kurds.
# Mukachevo, Kugarchinsky District, Republic of Bashkortostan

Mukachevo (Russian: Мукачево; Bashkir: Моҡас, Moqas) is a rural locality (a village) in Isimovsky Selsoviet, Kugarchinsky District, Bashkortostan, Russia. The population was 149 as of 2010. There is 1 street.

## Geography

Mukachevo is located 34 km south of Mrakovo (the district's administrative centre) by road. Gavrilovsky is the nearest rural locality.
# Kaslinsky District

Kaslinsky District (Russian: Ка́слинский райо́н) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the twenty-seven in Chelyabinsk Oblast, Russia. It is located in the north of the oblast. The area of the district is 3,356 square kilometers (1,296 sq mi). Its administrative center is the town of Kasli. Population (excluding the administrative center): 17,680 (2010 Census); 14,955 (2002 Census); 30,627 (1989 Soviet census).

## Administrative and municipal status

Within the framework of administrative divisions, it has a status of a town with territorial district—a unit equal in status to administrative districts—the full name of which is The Town of Kasli and Kaslinsky District (город Касли и Каслинский район). As a municipal division, it is incorporated as Kaslinsky Municipal District.
# Our Latin Thing

Our Latin Thing (Spanish: Nuestra Cosa Latina) was a 1972 documentary film directed by Leon Gast about the burgeoning Latin music scene in New York City. It focused on a concert put together by the management of Fania Records at Manhattan's Cheetah nightclub featuring a group of Fania artists called the Fania All-Stars. The film was distributed by A&R Film Distributors headed by Alex Masucci, Fania Records founder Jerry Masucci's younger brother and subsequent Fania Records Vice President, and Ray Aviles.
# Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Pouso Alegre

The Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Pouso Alegre (Latin: Archidioecesis Pouso Alegre) is an archdiocese located in the city of Pouso Alegre in Brazil.

## History

On 4 August 1900, Pope Leo XIII established the Diocese of Pouso Alegre from the Diocese of Mariana. Blessed John XXIII elevated the diocese to the a Metropolitan Archdiocese on 14 April 1962.

## Special churches

* Minor Basilicas:
** Basilica de Nossa Senhora do Carmo, Borda da Mata, Minas Gerais

## Bishops
### Ordinaries, in reverse chronological order

* Archbishops of Pouso Alegre (Roman rite), below
** Archbishop José Luiz Majella Delgado (2014.05.28 – present)
** Archbishop Ricardo Pedro Chaves Pinto Filho, O. Praem. (1996.10.16 – 2014.05.28)
** Archbishop João Bergese (1991.05.05 – 1996.03.21)
** Archbishop José d’Angelo Neto (1962.04.14 – 1990.05.31), below
* Bishops of Pouso Alegre (Roman Rite)
** Bishop José d’Angelo Neto (later Archbishop) (1960.03.12 – 1962.04.14)
** Bishop Octávio Augusto Chagas de Miranda (1916.02.14 – 1959.10.29)
** Bishop Antônio Augusto de Assis (1909.11.29 – 1916.02.07), appointed Bishop of Guaxupé, Minas Gerais; future Archbishop
** Bishop João Batista Corrêa Nery (1901.05.18 – 1908.08.03), appointed Bishop of Campinas

### Coadjutor bishop

* Oscar de Oliveira (1954-1959), did not succeed to see; appointed Coadjutor Archbishop of Mariana, Minas Gerais

### Auxiliary bishops

* Antônio Augusto de Assis (1907-1909), appointed Bishop here
* João Bosco Oliver de Faria (1987-1992), appointed Bishop of Patos de Minas, Minas Gerais
* José Francisco Rezende Dias (2001-2005), appointed Bishop of Duque de Caxias, Rio de Janeiro

### Other priests of this diocese who became bishops

* Antônio Carlos Félix, appointed Bishop of Luz, Minas Gerais in 2003
* Marco Aurélio Gubiotti, appointed Bishop of Itabira-Fabriciano, Minas Gerais in 2013
* Edson José Oriolo dos Santos, appointed Auxiliary Bishop of Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais in 2015

## Suffragan dioceses

* Diocese of Campanha
* Diocese of Guaxupé

## Sources

* ↑ "CNBB Leste 2". CNNB Leste 2. Retrieved 2023-02-19.
* ↑ "Archdiocese of Pouso Alegre". catholic-hierarchy.org. Retrieved 2013-04-10.
* 1 2 "Archdiocese of Pouso Alegre". GCatholic.org. Retrieved 2013-04-10.
22°13′52″S 45°56′10″W﻿ / ﻿22.2310°S 45.9361°W﻿ / -22.2310; -45.9361
* This geographical article relating to Minas Gerais is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
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# Salleq Island

Salleq Island (old spelling: Sagdleq) is an uninhabited island in the Avannaata municipality in northwestern Greenland. It is located in the north-central part of the Uummannaq Fjord. The walls of the island feature characteristic multicolored bands of gneiss and granite layers.
Air Greenland helicopters approach Ukkusissat Heliport on the way from Uummannaq Heliport alongside the southern and western wall of the large Appat Island, to then pass above the narrow Appat Ikerat strait separating it from Salleq Island.

## Geography

Salleq Island is separated from Uummannaq island and Salliaruseq Island in the south by the central arm of the Uummannaq Fjord, from the Appat Island in the east by the Appat Ikerat strait, and from the small archipelago of low-lying skerries of Qeqertat to the north by the Salliup Qeqertallo Ikerat strait.
The island is very mountainous, consisting of an isolated mountain peak, with precipitous walls falling from the summit (1,070 m (3,510.5 ft)) in all directions.

## Bird colony

Salleq is a breeding ground for fulmars and other seabirds. The island is also home to the largest colony of black guillemots in the Uummannaq Fjord region, with the population reaching 100,000 in 1949. The island is inaccessible from all sides, and has been a designated nature reserve, with access to the shores forbidden during the summer season, from the beginning of June to the end of August.
# Branchus (lover of Apollo)

Branchus (/ˈbræŋkəs/; Ancient Greek: Βράγχος, romanized: Brankhos, from βρόγχος meaning windpipe) was the son of Smyrcus and a lover of the god Apollo in Greek mythology. Initially a shepherd in Miletus, Branchus became a prophet after receiving prophetic abilities from Apollo. He introduced the worship of the god at Didyma and founded a shrine for him at Miletus. His descendants, the Branchides, were an influential clan of prophets.

## Mythology
### Birth

Branchus was the son of Smyrcus and a distinguished Milesian woman. When giving birth, his mother had a vision of the sun entering her mouth, passing through her stomach and emerging from her genitals. The seers took this to be an excellent omen, and so her son was named Branchus, since the sun had passed through her bronchia (throat).

### Encounter with Apollo

Branchus grew up to be the most handsome of men. One day, he came across Apollo in the woods and, being enchanted with the beauty of the god, kissed him. Apollo embraced him and returned his affections. Later Apollo gave him a crown and a magical staff, and breathed the gift of prophecy into him. Having received these gifts, Branchus became a prophet and a priest of Apollo. He established the cult of Apollo at Didyma. After Branchus suddenly disappeared, an altar was built on the place he kissed Apollo.
A different story is given by Callimachus. One day, Apollo left Delos on a dolphin and reached a place called hiera hyle (sacred woods). It was there that he saw Branchus tending to his flocks and felt attracted to him. Wanting to seduce the mortal, Apollo appeared to him disguised as a goatherd. He first offered assistance in milking the goats, but the distracted god ended up milking a billy goat. Embarrassed, Apollo revealed his divine nature. In order to persuade Branchus to abandon the herding and accompany him instead, Apollo guaranteed the safety and promised a supply of good grazing to the flocks. After they became lovers, Apollo taught Branchus the mantic arts. Apollo also looked after the flocks while Branchus practiced the art. On becoming a prophet, Branchus is said to have transplanted a shoot of the laurel tree at Delphi in the precinct of Didyma. The branches of this laurel tree were used by him to cure illness of the Milesians.
Milesians built temples dedicated to Branchus and Apollo and named them Philesia, after the kiss of Branchus. There, the god was worshipped under the name Apollo Philesius (Apollo of the kiss). Temples dedicated to Branchus alone were called Branchiadon. The oracles given by him were said to be second only to Apollo's oracles at Delphi. The Branchides, who claimed descent from Branchus, were an important clan of prophets.
# Rasul Gholam

Rasul Gholam (Persian: رسول غلام, also Romanized as Rasūl Gholām) is a village in Dust Mohammad Rural District, in the Central District of Hirmand County, Sistan and Baluchestan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 246, in 55 families.
# Tak Bolagh-e Arshaq

Tak Bolagh-e Arshaq (Persian: تك بلاغ ارشق, also Romanized as Tak Bolāgh-e Ārshaq; also known as Tak Bolāgh) is a village in Arshaq-e Gharbi Rural District, Moradlu District, Meshgin Shahr County, Ardabil Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 60, in 10 families.
# Joseph Evouna

Joseph Evouna (born 23 October 1952) is a Cameroonian former cyclist. He competed at the 1972 Summer Olympics and 1980 Summer Olympics.
# Seskar

Seskar (Russian: Сескар; Swedish: Seitskär; Finnish: Seiskari), or Siskar, is an island in the Gulf of Finland, part of the Leningrad Oblast of Russia.

## Important Bird Area

The island has been designated an Important Bird Area (IBA) by BirdLife International because it supports populations of many species of waterfowl and waders on passage, as well as breeding Arctic herring gulls.

## History

The island was an independent municipality of Finland populated by Finns since at least the 16th century. The Seiskari municipality was formed from the Koivisto municipality in 1903. It was part of the province of Viipuri in the South Karelia region. It was ceded to the Soviet Union following the 1940 Moscow Peace Treaty. Prior to the transfer of sovereignty, it was also known as Siskar.

### Shipwrecks

The island has been involved in many shipwrecks over the centuries, including some ships sunk, wrecked or otherwise lost:
* In 1777, the British ship Mercey was wrecked near the island. She was on a voyage from Saint Petersburg to London.
* In 1802, the Russian ship Roman Vasselevitch was wrecked near the island. She was on a voyage from Saint Petersburg to London.
* In 1807, the British ship Nelly was driven ashore on Seskar island. She was on a voyage from London to Saint Petersburg. Nelly was later refloated.
* In 1815, the British ship Graces was wrecked by Seskar. The crew was rescued.
# Uruguay at the 1956 Summer Olympics

Uruguay competed at the 1956 Summer Olympics in Melbourne, Australia. 21 competitors, all men, took part in 8 events in 5 sports.

## Medalists
### Bronze

* Oscar Moglia, Ariel Olascoaga, Milton Scarón, Carlos Gonzáles, Sergio Matto, Raúl Mera, Héctor Costa, Nelson Demarco, Héctor Garcia, Carlos Blixen, Nelson Chelle, and Ramiro Cortes — Basketball, Men's Team Competition

## Athletics

* Fermín Donazar

## Basketball

* Carlos Blixen
* Ramiro Cortes
* Héctor Costa
* Nelson Chelle
* Nelson Demarco
* Héctor García Otero
* Carlos González
* Sergio Matto
* Oscar Moglia
* Raúl Mera
* Ariel Olascoaga
* Milton Scaron

## Cycling
### Time trial

* Luis Pedro Serra — 1:12.3 (→ 5th place)

### Team pursuit

* Alberto Velázquez Eduardo Puertollano Luis Pedro Serra René Deceja — 14th place

### Individual road race

* René Deceja — 5:31:58 (→ 33rd place)
* Alberto Velázquez — did not finish (→ no ranking)
* Eduardo Puertollano — did not finish (→ no ranking)
* Raymundo Moyano — did not finish (→ no ranking)

## Fencing

One fencer represented Uruguay in 1956.

### Men's sabre

* Teodoro Goliardi

## Rowing

Uruguay had two male rowers participate in one out of seven rowing events in 1956.

### Men's double sculls

* Paulo Carvalho
* Miguel Seijas
# Vathypedo

Vathypedo (Greek: Βαθύπεδο, before 1928: Προσβάλα, Προσβάλλα Prosvala, Prosvalla) is a village and a former community in the Ioannina regional unit, Epirus, Greece. Since the 2011 local government reform it is part of the municipality North Tzoumerka, of which it is a municipal unit. The municipal unit has an area of 10.127 km$^2$. Its population was 89 in 2021.
# Province of Jülich-Cleves-Berg

The Province of Jülich-Cleves-Berg (German: Provinz Jülich-Kleve-Berg) was a province of Prussia from 1815 to 1822. Jülich-Cleves-Berg was established in 1815 from part restored and part newly annexed lands by the Kingdom of Prussia from France's Grand Duchy of Berg. Jülich-Cleves-Berg was dissolved in 1822 when it was merged with the Grand Duchy of the Lower Rhine to form Rhine Province. Cologne was the provincial capital.

## History

After the Napoleonic Wars, the Congress of Vienna restored the Duchy of Cleves to the Kingdom of Prussia, which combined them with the other Rhenish lands restored from France (Prussian Guelders and the Principality of Moers) with the Rhenish lands gained at Vienna — the old Duchy of Jülich and County of Berg along with parts of the Electorate of Cologne and the Free and Hanseatic City of Cologne and some other smaller territories.
On 30 April 1815, Prussian authorities reorganised the states of the kingdom into 10 provinces with the Verordnung wegen verbesserter Einrichtung der Provinzialbehörden (English: Regulation for the establishment of improved provincial authorities), of which Jülich-Cleves-Berg was one. The province's name was a reference to the United Duchies of Jülich-Cleves-Berg, a former territory of the Holy Roman Empire which contained most of the land.
The provincial government was headquartered in Cologne, with the province subdivided into Regierungsbezirke (districts) of Düsseldorf, Cleves and Cologne from 22 April 1816. The provincial president was Frederick, Count of Solms-Laubach.
On 22 June 1822, an order of the Prussian cabinet (German: Kabinettsordre) united the province with the Grand Duchy of the Lower Rhine province, with its capital in Koblenz, to form the Rhine Province.
# Basdahl

Basdahl is a municipality in the district of Rotenburg, in Lower Saxony, Germany.

## History

Basdahl belonged to the Prince-Archbishopric of Bremen, established in 1180. Its parliament, the Bremian Estates (German: Stiftsstände), convened in diets (Tohopesaten or Landtage) usually in Basdahl, with Bremervörde serving as capital with the prince-archiepiscopal residence and seat of government (as of 1219). The Bremian chapter had its seat in the city of Bremen. In 1648 the Prince-Archbishopric was transformed into the Duchy of Bremen, which was first ruled in personal union by the Swedish Crown - interrupted by a Danish occupation (1712–1715) - and from 1715 on by the Hanoverian Crown. The estates met then much less frequent, because the Swedish rulers tried to discard the estates influence in legislation.
In 1807 the ephemeric Kingdom of Westphalia annexed the Duchy, before France annexed it in 1810. In 1813 the Duchy was restored to the Electorate of Hanover, which - after its upgrade to the Kingdom of Hanover in 1814 - incorporated the Duchy in a real union and the Ducal territory, including Basdahl, became part of the new Stade Region, established in 1823. Basdahl's historical role in the prince-archbishopric is commemorated in its coat-of-arms showing on the left side the crisscrossed keys, the coat-of-arms of the prince-archbishopric.
# Karpasia (town)

Karpasia (Ancient Greek: Καρπάσεια and Καρπασία), Latinized as Carpasia, and also known as Karpasion (sometimes mistaken for Karpathos), was an ancient town in Cyprus, situated in the northern shore of the Karpas Peninsula, at a distance of 3 km from the modern town of Rizokarpaso. According to tradition, it was founded by the Phoenician king Pygmalion of Tyre. It had a harbour, whose moles remain visible to this day.
According to archaeological evidence, the earliest possible date for the foundation of the town is the 7th century BC. It was first mentioned in literature in 399 BC. The town was mentioned by the writers of antiquity, including Strabo. The city is also mentioned in the Hellenica Oxyrhynchia, which is papyrus fragments in Greek with the history of ancient Greece. In 306 BC, the town was the site of landing for Demetrius I of Macedon, whose forces stormed Carpasia and the neighbouring town of Urania, before proceeding to Salamis.
The architectural style as well as the techniques used in building the stone houses of the town incorporated elements of Phoenician influence.
In the Delphic Theorodochoi inscription (230 BC), which was published by André Plassart, there is a mention of a Karpasian man who was named Aristostratos (Ancient Greek: Ἀριστόστρατος).
Its first known bishop, Philo of Carpasia, was ordained by Epiphanius of Salamis in the 4th century; he has left a commentary on the Song of Songs, a letter to a monk Eucarpios (also found as Bail, Letter 42), and some fragments. Another bishop of the see, Hermolaus, was present at the Council of Chalcedon in 451. The chroniclers mention the names of three other bishops, and a fourth occurs on a seal, all without dates. Another is quoted in the "Constitutio Cypria" of Pope Alexander IV (1260). No longer a residential bishopric, Carpasia is today used by the Roman Catholic Church as a titular see.

## External Links

* Philo of Carpasia, Letter to Eucarpius - Translation.
# Sergey Kucherov

Sergey Kucherov (born July 18, 1980) is a Russian track cyclist. At the 2008 and 2012 Summer Olympics, he competed in the Men's team sprint for the national team. They finished 12th and 7th respectively.
# Hassan Hamze

Hassan Hamze is a Lebanese fencer. He competed in the individual foil and épée events at the 1980 Summer Olympics, not winning any bouts and losing nine.
# Sainte-Valière

Sainte-Valière (French pronunciation: ; Occitan: Santa Valièira) is a commune in the Aude department in southern France.
# Seriana

Seriana (Berber languages: Taseriant;Arabic: سريانة) is a town in Batna Province, Algeria, at 35°41′30″N 06°11′11″E﻿ / ﻿35.69167°N 6.18639°E﻿ / 35.69167; 6.18639. In the colonial period, it was called Pasteur. It has been identified as the ancient Roman Catholic Diocese of Lamiggiga.
An arms factory, the Entreprise des Réalisations Industrielles de Seriana, is located there. Khaled Nezzar was born in the area.
The municipality has a population of 11,000 as of 2002.
# Lavalette, Hérault

Lavalette (French pronunciation: ; Occitan: La Valeta) is a commune in the Hérault département in the Occitanie region in southern France.
# Kostino, Republic of Bashkortostan

Kostino (Russian: Костино) is a rural locality (a village) in Pevomaysky Selsoviet, Yanaulsky District, Bashkortostan, Russia. The population was 158 as of 2010. There are 4 streets.

## Geography

Kostino is located 11 km southwest of Yanaul (the district's administrative centre) by road. Susady-Ebalak is the nearest rural locality.
# The Trafalgar School at Downton

The Trafalgar School at Downton is a coeducational secondary school in Downton, in the south of the English county of Wiltshire.
The school began as a secondary modern in 1964. Previously a foundation school administered by Wiltshire Council, in April 2017 The Trafalgar School converted to academy status and became part of the Magna Learning Partnership.
# Horní Věstonice

Horní Věstonice (German: Oberwisternitz) is a municipality and village in Břeclav District in the South Moravian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 500 inhabitants.
Horní Věstonice lies approximately 24 kilometres (15 mi) north-west of Břeclav, 36 km (22 mi) south of Brno, and 209 km (130 mi) south-east of Prague.
# Ro Song-sil

Ro Song-sil (Korean: 로성실, born 1960) is a North Korean politician. She has served as the chairwoman of the Central Committee of the Korean Democratic Women's Union (KDWU) and as a member of the 6th Central Committee of the Workers' Party of Korea. She was a delegate to the 12th Supreme People's Assembly and a member of the Presidium.
She was removed from her position as head of the KDWU in February 2014, at the union's 66th general meeting. She had been regarded as a protégé of the executed Jang Song-thaek.

## Career

A graduate of Kim Il Sung University, Ro became vice-chair of the Pyongyang committee of the Women's Union in April 2001, and chair of that committee in February 2002. After serving as vice chair of the Central Committee of the KDWU starting in November 2006, in March 2008 she became chair of the union (at the 52nd general meeting of the KDWU).

## Delegate to Supreme People's Assembly

Ro was elected to the 12th session of the Supreme People's Assembly in April 2009, and to the SPA Presidium at the same time.

## Other activities

Ro was a member of the national mourning committees for the deaths of Pak Song-chol in 2008, Hong Song-nam in 2009, Kim Jung-rin in 2010, and Kim Jong Il in 2011.