OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Valery Vatenin

Valery Vladimirovich Vatenin (Russian: Вале́рий Влади́мирович Вате́нин; 27 January 1933 – 16 June 1977) was a Russian Soviet realist painter, graphic artist, and art teacher, who lived and worked in Leningrad. He was a member of the Leningrad branch of Union of Artists of Russian Federation, and regarded as one of the brightest representatives of the "left wing" of the Leningrad school of painting.

## Biography

Valery Vladimirovich Vatenin was born on 27 January 1933 in Leningrad.
In 1947, Vatenin entered at Tavricheskaya Art School, which he has graduated in 1952. In 1953, he was accepted at the first course of Department of Painting at the Repin Institute of Arts, where he studied under, among others, Valery Pimenov, Leonid Khudiakov, and Alexander Zaytsev.
In 1959, he graduated from the Leningrad Institute of Painting, Sculpture and Architecture in Boris Ioganson studio, together with German Yegoshin, Alexandra Tokareva, Nikolai Furmankov, Boris Nikolaev, Valentina Rakhina, and other young artists. His graduation work was genre painting "On the Balcony"
Beginning in 1959, Vatenin participated in art exhibitions. He painted portraits, genre paintings, still lifes, worked in easel and monumental painting, as graphic artists and art teacher. His work was exhibited posthumously in his native Leningrad in 1985, and in Moscow in 1990.
In his paintings reality coexists with fiction. Portrait, landscape, still life shall lose canonical genre boundaries and appear as reflections the life in its complex spatial and temporal metamorphosis.
Vatenin was a member of the Leningrad Union of Artists since 1965. From 1965–73, he taught painting and drawing at the Department of General Painting of the Vera Mukhina Institute.
Vatenin died on 16 June 1977 in Leningrad as a result of a road accident. His paintings reside in State Russian Museum, State Tretyakov Gallery, in the Art museums and private collections in Russia, England, Japan, USA, and other countries.
# List of Bradford Bulls internationals

| Great Britain | New Zealand | Australia | Papua New Guinea |
| Terry Newton | Robbie Paul | Brad Meyers | Marcus Bai |
| Paul Deacon | Joe Vagana | Chris McKenna | Stanley Gene |
| Iestyn Harris | Henry Paul | Brad Mackay | |
| Jamie Peacock | Shontayne Hape | Daniel Gartner | |
| Leon Pryce | Tevita Vaikona | | |
| Stuart Reardon | Logan Swann | | |
| Stuart Fielden | Tame Tupou | | |
| Paul Anderson | | | |
| Lee Gilmour | | | |
| James Lowes | | | |
| Mike Forshaw | | | |
| Lee Gilmour | | | |
| Paul Johnson | | | |
| Steve McNamara | | | |
| Brian McDermott | | | |
| Karl Pratt | | | |
| Shaun Edwards Frank Whitcombe | | | |
| England | Ireland | Scotland | Wales |
| Andy Lynch | Michael Withers | Nathan Graham | Iestyn Harris |
| Jamie Langley | James Lowes | Graham Mackay | Daio Powell |
| Lee Radford | Bernard Dwyer | Brad MacKay | Steve Thomas |
| Nathan McAvoy | Craig McElhatton | Lee Gilmour | |
| Richard Moore | Neil Harmon | Alex Szoskak | |
| Scot Naylor | Richard Smith | Ian Henderson | |
| Stuart Fielden | | Simon Knox | |
| Paul Anderson | | Gary Christie | |
| Jamie Peacock | | | |
| Stuart Spruce | | | |
| Mike Forshaw | | | |
| Steve McNamara | | | |
| Marcus St Hilaire | | | |
| Terry Newton | | | |
| Rob Parker | | | |
| Paul Sykes | | | |
| Brett Ferres | | | |
| Matt Cook | | | |
| Paul Cook | | | |
# Thon and rammana

The thon and rammana (Khmer: ស្គរថូននិងស្គររមនា; Thai: โทนรำมะนา, pronounced) are hand drums played as a pair in Khmer and Thai classical music. It consists of two drums: the thon (Khmer: ស្គរថូន;Thai: โทน), a goblet drum with a ceramic or wooden body and the rammana (Khmer: ស្គររមនា;Thai: รำมะนา), a small rebana-typed frame drum or tambourine. They are used usually in the Mohaori ensemble in Cambodia and khruang sai ensemble in Thailand. The thon gives a low pitch and the rammana gives a high pitch. Earlier in the 20th century, the thon and rammana were sometimes played separately.
# Pamela Chatterjee

Pamela Chatterrjee (born c. 1930) is an Indian writer and rural activist. Her project reclaimed 625,000 hectares of land. She has been recognised with the Nari Shakti Puraskar award. It is the highest award for women in India.

## Life

Pamela Chatterrjee was born in about 1930.
Chatterjee lives in Kumaon Region in Uttaranchal State in India.
Chatterjee, supported by the World Bank, was able to reclaim 4,600 hectares of land. The project started with 95 farmers but over two years the numbers increased. The land in question had too much sodium and is known as Sodic soil. The first harvests of Paddy from the land showed a higher yield than traditional fields.
She published "Listen to the mountains: a Himalayan journal" in 2005.
Eventually there were 10,000 farmers and the land reclaimed was 625,000 hectares.
She wrote up her experiences with the farm as a book titled "The Jamun Tree" which was published in 2012. It describes the project and includes recollections from those involved. The book was dedicated to the spiritual leader Ramesh Oza and released by Dr Ashok Khosla at the Delhi office of the World Bank.
She was given the Nari Shakti Puraskar award in 2017. The award was made in the Presidential Palace by the President of India. Prime Minister Narendra Modi was present.
# Arjun Charan Hembram

Arjun Charan Hembram is an Indian writer of Santali language and banker from Odisha. He won Sahitya Akademi Award in 2012.

## Biography

Hembram was born on 1952 in Ghatkuanri, Mayurbhanj, Orissa. He is the founder-editor of Santali literary magazine Chai Champa. He also brought out Santali fortnightly magazine Bahabonga.
Hembram was awarded Sahitya Akademi Award in 2013 for his poetry Chanda Bonga. Two of his books, Lade Sarjom and Chanda Bonga, are included in the curriculum of North Orissa University and Union Public Service Commission.
# Jitendra Udhampuri

Jitendra Udhampuri is an Indian writer of Dogri, Hindi and Urdu literature. He is a recipient of the Sahitya Akademi Award in 1981. The Government of India honored him in 2010, with the fourth highest civilian award of Padma Shri.

## Biography

Jitendra Undhampuri was born to Jagan Nath as his eldest son, on 9 November 1944 in a small town of Udhampur, near Jammu in the northernmost Indian state of Jammu and Kashmir, in a family with meagre financial resources. He did his schooling in Udhampur and moved to Jammu, where he joined for his graduate studies at the Government Gandhi Memorial Science College. However, due to ailments of his mother, he had to return to Udhampur to take care of the younger children, without completing his studies. Jitendra Udhampur joined the Indian Army but continued his interrupted studies there and took his master's degree in history and doctorate in Dogri. A shift in job followed when he moved to the All India Radio as a broadcaster and continued there till his retirement from there as a director.
Jitendra's literary career started in 1962 when his first poem in Urdu was published. Since then, he has written in Urdu, Hindi and Dogri languages and is credited with 30 books in these languages. Jitto, Dewan-e-Gazals, Duggar Nama, Geet Ganga, Thehra Hua Kothra, Chan-ni, De Do Ek basant (Hindi), Ek Shehar Yadeen Da, Banjara, Kish Kalian Tere naa, Judayian, Pinday di Barat, Basti-Basti, Dil Dariya Khali-Khali, Phool Udaas Hain (Hindi), Woh Ek din (Hindi), and Dil Hoya Darvesh (Punjabi) are some of his notable works. Many of his books have been translated into other languages such as English, Hindi, Urdu, Kashmiri, Nepali and Czech. He has also published two treatises, The History of Dogri Literature and The History of Dogra Culture.
He is a member of the management committee of the Jammu and Kashmir State Red Cross Society and was honoured by the society for his contributions in 2010.

## Awards and recognitions

Jitendra Udhampuri has received several awards and honors such as Jammu and Kashmir Academy of Art, Culture and Languages Award which he received four times (1985, 86, 95 and 2004), Rashtriya Hindi Devi Sehsrabdi Samman in 2000, Subhadra Kumari Chouhan Janam Shatabadi Samman, Rashtriya Kari Pandit Shohan Lal Devedi Samman, Dogra Sahitya Rattan Samman in 2004 and Sahitaya Samman.
Some of the other awards he has received are:
* National Award, Central Hindi Directorate, Ministry of Human Resources, New Delhi – 1990
* Senior Fellowship, Union Ministry of Culture – 2007
* Robe of Honour by the governor, Jammu and Kashmir State -1987
* Gold Medal and Certificate of Merit, Government of Jammu and Kashmir – 1993
* Republic Day Award, Government of Jammu and Kashmir – 2005
Udhampuri received the Sahitya Akademi Award in 1981 and in 2010, the Government of India honored him with the fourth highest civilian award of Padma Shri.
# Thai fruit carving

Thai fruit carving (Thai: การแกะสลักผลไม้, Thai pronunciation:) is a traditional Thai art that requires neatness, precision, meditation, and personal ability. Fruit carving persisted in Thailand as a respected art for centuries. It was originally used only to decorate the tables of the royal family. Fruit carving is a popular custom practiced during Songkran.

## History

Carving fruits and vegetables was a skill taught to women in the Thai royal palace.
One (now known to be apocryphal) legend holds that sometime before the Sukhothai era (Thai era from 1808 to 1824), a concubine named either Nang Nopphamat (Thai Peerage; Thai: นางนพมาศ) or Thao Srichulalak (another name of Thai peerage; Thai: ท้าวศรีจุฬาลักษณ์) wrote a book entitled Tamrap Thao Srichulaluk (Thai: ตำรับท้าวศรีจุฬาลักษณ์). The book discusses traditional Thai ceremonies, including the floating lantern festival called Phraratchaphithi Chongpriang Nai Wanphen Duean Sipsong (Thai: พระราชพิธีจองเปรียงในวันเพ็ญเดือนสิบสอง). Its protagonist wants to decorate a lantern more beautifully than other concubines, so she uses many kinds of flowers to decorate her lantern. Then she carved fruits into bird and swan shapes and placed them on the flower petals.

## Tools

Carvers use only one knife to carve fruit. Knives come in many varieties.
* Knife
** Round handle Knife
** Plane handle Knife
*** Crafting Knife
* Peeler
* Scoop
* Molding
* Scissor
* Cutting
* Water blow
* Plate for piece of waste fruit
* Napkin
* Food plastic cover
* Rubber gloves

## Types of fruit

Many types of fruits are used for carving. The two basic types are thick fruit and thin.
# Rayong Hospital

Rayong Hospital (Thai: โรงพยาบาลระยอง) is the main hospital of Rayong Province, Thailand and is classified by the Ministry of Public Health as a regional hospital. It has a CPIRD (Collaborative Project to Increase Production of Rural Doctors) Medical Education Center which trains doctors of the Faculty of Medicine, Burapha University. It is an affiliated teaching hospital of the Faculty of Medicine, King Mongkut's Institute of Technology Ladkrabang.

## History

In 1946, the construction of a hospital was proposed in Rayong town, due to the difficulty in contacting and accessing healthcare at the closest hospital, which at the time was in Sattahip District, Chonburi Province. It was decided the location should be at the site of Wat Chanthaudom due to its location and construction began on 15 July 1949. The ramshackle temple was dismantled and only a pagoda remains. The hospital was officially opened on 13 April 1951. It became a regional hospital in 1997.
# Praves Vorasamai

Princess Praves Vorasamai or Phra Chao Boromwongse Ther Phra Ong Chao Praves Vorasamai (RTGS: Prawet Worasamai) (Thai: พระเจ้าบรมวงศ์เธอ พระองค์เจ้าประเวศวรสมัย) (2 December 1879 – 31 May 1944), was a Princess of Siam (later Thailand. She was a member of Siamese royal family. She is a daughter of Chulalongkorn, King Rama V of Siam.
Her mother was Tabtim Rojanadis, daughter of Phraya Abbhantrikamas and Bang Rojanadis, elder sister of Chao Chom Manda Sae. She had a full elder brother and a younger brother;
* Prince Chirapravati Voradej, the Prince of Nakhon Chaisi (7 November 1876 – 4 February 1913)
* Prince Vudhijaya Chalermlabha, the Prince Singhavikrom Kriangkrai (5 December 1883 – 18 October 1947)
Princess Praves Vorasamai died on 31 May 1944, at the age of 64.

## Ancestry

Ancestor of Princess Praves Vorasamai :
| Princess Praves Vorasamai | Father: Chulalongkorn, King Rama V of Siam | Paternal Grandfather: Mongkut, King Rama IV of Siam | Paternal Great-grandfather: Buddha Loetla Nabhalai, King Rama II of Siam |
| Princess Praves Vorasamai | Father: Chulalongkorn, King Rama V of Siam | Paternal Grandfather: Mongkut, King Rama IV of Siam | Paternal Great-grandmother: Queen Sri Suriyendra |
| Princess Praves Vorasamai | Father: Chulalongkorn, King Rama V of Siam | Paternal Grandmother: Queen Debsirindra | Paternal Great-grandfather: Prince Sirivongse, the Prince Matayabidaksa |
| Princess Praves Vorasamai | Father: Chulalongkorn, King Rama V of Siam | Paternal Grandmother: Queen Debsirindra | Paternal Great-grandmother: Mom Noi Sirivongs na Ayudhya |
| Princess Praves Vorasamai | Mother: Chao Chom Manda Tabtim Rojanadis | Maternal Grandfather: Phraya Abbhantrikamas | Maternal Great-grandfather: unknown |
| Princess Praves Vorasamai | Mother: Chao Chom Manda Tabtim Rojanadis | Maternal Grandfather: Phraya Abbhantrikamas | Maternal Great-grandmother: unknown |
| Princess Praves Vorasamai | Mother: Chao Chom Manda Tabtim Rojanadis | Maternal Grandmother: Bang Rojanadis | Maternal Great-grandfather: unknown |
| Princess Praves Vorasamai | Mother: Chao Chom Manda Tabtim Rojanadis | Maternal Grandmother: Bang Rojanadis | Maternal Great-grandmother: unknown |
# Alepochori, Achaea

Alepochori (Greek: Αλεποχώρι) is a village and a community in southern Achaea, Greece. Alepochori is located on the northern slope of Mount Erymanthos, about 35 km south of Patras. The community includes the village Agios Dimitrios.

## Population

| Year | Village population | Community population |
| 1690s | 111 | - |
| 1981 | - | 379 |
| 1991 | 143 | 570 |
| 2001 | 188 | 424 |
| 2011 | 99 | 236 |
| 2021 | 131 | 230 |

## History

The area followed the fate of the rest of Achaea. Between 1460 and 1821 the area was ruled by the Ottoman Turks, except a brief period of Venetian rule between 1687 and 1715. In the Venetian censuses of 1697 and 1699 the village was called Alpochori Trano (Αλποχώρι Τρανό) and had 111 inhabitants, in 1700, it had 38 families. Alepochori became Greek after the Greek War of Independence of 1821.
Alepochori was part of the municipality of Erymanthia between 1835 and 1841, and of the municipality of Tritaia between 1841 and 1912. It was an independent community between 1912 and 1998, and became part of Tritaia again in 1998. At the 2010 Kallikratis reform, it became part of the new municipality Erymanthos.
# Cha-uat railway station

Cha-uat station (Thai: สถานีชะอวด) is a railway station located in Cha-uat Subdistrict, Cha-uat District, Nakhon Si Thammarat. it is a class 2 railway station, located 806.069 km (500.9 mi) from Thon Buri railway station.

## Train services

* Special Express No.37/38 Bangkok-Sungai Kolok-Bangkok
* Rapid No. 169/170 Bangkok-Yala-Bangkok
* Rapid No. 171/172 Bangkok-Sungai Kolok-Bangkok
* Local No. 445/446 Chumphon-Hat Yai Junction-Chumphon
* Local No. 447/448 Surat Thani-Sungai Kolok-Surat Thani
* Local No. 451/452 Nakhon Si Thammarat-Sungai Kolok-Nakhon Si Thammarat
* Local No. 455/456 Nakhon Si Thammarat-Yala-Nakhon Si Thammarat
* Local No. 457/458 Nakhon Si Thammarat-Phatthalung-Nakhon Si Thammarat
# Alexander Svanidze

Alexander Semyonovich "Alyosha" Svanidze (Georgian: ალექსანდრე სვანიძე; Russian: Александр Семёнович Сванидзе) (1886 – 20 August 1941) was a Georgian Old Bolshevik, politician and historian. He was a personal friend of Joseph Stalin and a brother of Stalin's first wife Kato. Nevertheless, he was arrested during the Great Purge in 1937 and he was shot in prison in 1941.

## Life and career

Born of a petty noble family in a small village of Baji in western Georgia, then part of the Russian Empire, Svanidze was educated at Tiflis and later at Jena where he learned German and English and engaged in historical research of ancient civilizations.
He joined the Russian Social Democratic Labour Party in 1901 and then the Bolsheviks in 1904. worked in the Bolshevik underground until being forced by the authorities to leave independent Georgia in 1919. He worked for the Soviet foreign office in the years 1920–1921 and then served as People's Commissar for Finances of the Georgian SSR and Transcaucasian SFSR in the years 1921–1922. In 1924, he was appointed Soviet trade envoy to Germany and, upon his return to the Soviet Union, in 1935, he became Deputy Chairman of the Soviet State Bank. For most of the 1930s he was head of the Soviet Foreign Trade Bank.
At the same time, Svanidze continued his scholarship; he founded the Journal of Ancient History, studied the Alarodian languages, and translated into Russian the medieval Georgian poet Shota Rustaveli.
At the height of the Great Purge, he was arrested by the NKVD. Svanidze refused to confess to being a German spy in return, as the NKVD offered him, for his life. "Such aristocratic pride," Stalin is quoted to have said. Svanidze and his sister Mariko were executed in 1941, as the Germans advanced. His wife Maria (née Korona; 1889–1941), a singer for the Tbilisi Opera House, was sentenced to ten years in Dolinskoye, a women's prison camp in Kazakhstan. She died of a heart attack upon being informed of the execution. His son, Ivan (born Dzhonrid in honour of John Reed) was married to Stalin's daughter Svetlana Alliluyeva from 1957 to 1959.
# Ivan Varichev

Ivan Mikhailovich Varichev (Russian: Ива́н Миха́йлович Ва́ричев; 15 January 1924 – 7 June 2016) Russian Soviet realist painter, People's Artist of the Russian Federation, who lived and worked in Saint Petersburg (formerly Leningrad). He was a member of the Saint Petersburg Union of Artists (before 1992 named as the Leningrad branch of Union of Artists of Russian Federation), regarded as one of the brightest representatives of the Leningrad school of painting, most famous for his lyrical landscape of rural Russia.

## Biography

Ivan Mikhailovich Varichev was born on 15 January 1924 in the village of Nizhnaya Loshikha, Smolensk Province of the USSR.
In 1942, Ivan Varichev was drafted into the Red Army and took part in the German-Soviet War, which led the Soviet people against Nazi Germany and its allies. As a soldier and gunner he fought on the Leningrad Front, then on the Soviet Far East against Japan. He was wounded and marked by military awards.
After demobilization Ivan Varichev entered at the Tavricheskaya Art School in Leningrad, which he graduated in 1951. After graduation Ivan Varichev was adopted at the first course of Department of Painting at the Leningrad Institute of Painting, Sculpture and Architecture named after Ilya Repin, where he studied of Ivan Stepashkin, Vitaly Valtsev, Piotr Belousov.
In 1957, Ivan Varichev graduated from the Leningrad Institute of Painting, Sculpture and Architecture named after Ilya Repin in Yuri Neprintsev studio, together with Galina Rumiantseva, Zlata Bizova, Ilya Glazunov, Elena Gorokhova, Vladimir Malevsky, Dmitry Oboznenko, Vladimir Proshkin, and other young artists. His graduation work was genre painting "The Return from mowing"
Since 1957 Ivan Varichev has participated in Art Exhibitions. He painted landscapes, genre paintings, and sketches from the life. He is most famous for etudes done from nature and lyrical landscapes of rural Russia.
Ivan Varichev became a member of the Leningrad Union of Artists in 1960.
Ivan Varichev was awarded the honorary titles of the Honored Artist of the Russian Federation (1983), and the People's Artist of the Russian Federation (2005).
Paintings by Ivan Varichev reside in State Russian Museum, State Tretyakov Gallery, in art museums and private collections in Russia, Japan, China, England, in the US, France, and others.

## Honours and awards

* Order of the Patriotic War, 1st class
* Order of Glory
* Medal "For Courage", twice
* Medal "For the Victory over Germany in the Great Patriotic War 1941–1945"
* Medal "For the Defence of Leningrad"
# Koryfi, Elis

Koryfi (Greek: Κορυφή meaning "pointy", before 1955: Κουκουβίτσα - Koukouvitsa) is a settlement in the municipal unit of Iardanos, Elis, Greece. The former name of the village, Koukouvitsa, is the Bulgarian word for the bird cuckoo. Koryfi is situated in a hilly area, at 290 m elevation. It is 4 km northeast of Vounargo, 6 km southwest of Peristeri, 9 km southeast of Amaliada and 10 km north of Pyrgos. The community includes the monastery Fragkopidima.
Fortress of Koukouvitsa (Κάστρο Κουκουβίτσας), built without bricks, but form well formed big stone blocks as bulgarian medieval fortresses, is located about 2.5 km north of the community.

## Population

| Year | Population village | Population community |
| 1981 | 180 | - |
| 1991 | 178 | - |
| 2001 | 276 | 301 |
| 2011 | 223 | 246 |
| 2021 | 117 | 124 |
# National Liberation Front (Burundi)

The National Liberation Front (French: Front de libération nationale, or FROLINA) is an ethnically Hutu political party in Burundi that was formerly active as militant rebel group before and during the Burundian Civil War.

## History

Originally known as Umbumwé ("Solidarity"), FROLINA was founded in the mid-1980s by Joseph Karumba, a former schoolteacher and ex-member of the National Forces of Liberation (Parti pour la libération du peuple Hutu, PALIPEHUTU). Composed of militant Hutu refugees from Burundi, the group launched its first insurgent attack on the Burundian military in Mabandal on 13 August 1990. Afterwards, Karumba was repeatedly arrested in his country of exile, Tanzania, and the local authorities attempted to suppress his small militant group. From 1992, however, the Tanzanian government decided to tolerate FROLINA's activities, and granted Karumba asylum.
From their bases in Tanzania, the FROLINA's militant wing, the People's Armed Forces (Forces armées du peuple, FAP) waged a low-level guerrilla war against the Burundian government. Their operations were concentrated on the country's south, especially the area around Nyanza Lac. Overall, Karumba's group remained a "minor" force compared to other Hutu rebel movements such as the National Council for the Defense of Democracy – Forces for the Defense of Democracy (Conseil National Pour la Défense de la Démocratie – Forces pour la Défense de la Démocratie, or CNDD–FDD) and PALIPEHUTU-FNL during the Burundian Civil War. Like most other Hutu insurgent groups, FROLINA was "militantly racist" and desired the extermination or at least marginalization of all Burundian Tutsi. FROLINA mostly ceased its attacks in 1998. After talks took place between Burundian President Pierre Buyoya and Karumba, the party signed the Arusha Accords in August 2000. It thereby agreed to a ceasefire and an eventual integration into the Burundian military as part of a power-sharing deal.
Though part of FROLINA refused to agree to the Arusha Accords, and continued its insurgency, the rest of the party adhered to the ceasefire. Four FROLINA members became part of the Transitional National Assembly of late 2001, and the party demobilized its paramilitary forces in 2005. Its importance declined afterward, however, with FROLINA gaining less than 1% of the vote in the 2010 Burundian communal elections.
# The Mines Rescue Rules, 1985

The Mines Rescue Rules, 1985 came into force with effect from 2 April 1985 in India, replacing the previous Coal Mines Rescue Rules-1959, to provide for rescue of work persons in the event of explosion, fire etc. in the Mines.
These rules apply to coal and metalliferous underground mines to provide for the establishment of rescue stations and conduct of rescue work. In case of explosion or fire, an inrush of water or influx of gases, services of specially trained men with special rescue apparatuses are required.

## Salient features

Chapter I - Preliminary
Chapter II - Rescue Stations and Rescue Rooms
Chapter III - Duties and Responsibilities of Superintendents etc.
Chapter IV - Organisation and Equipment in Mines
Chapter V - Conduct of Rescue Work
Chapter VI – Miscellaneous