OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Espiritú Santo Fault System

The Espíritu Santo Fault (Spanish: Falla de Espíritu Santo) is a dextral oblique strike-slip fault in the department of Antioquia in northwestern Colombia. The fault has a total length of 124.4 kilometres (77.3 mi) and runs along an average northeast to southwest strike of 033.9 ± 5 in the Central Ranges of the Colombian Andes. Estimated activity took place around 500 years ago.

## Etymology

The fault is named after the Espíritu Santo River, Antioquia.

## Description

The Espíritu Santo Fault is one of the more prominent Cenozoic faults in the northern Central Ranges of the Colombian Andes. The fault extends from the Sabanalarga Fault near the town of Liborina in the southwest, as far northeast as the town of Cáceres in the Bajo Cauca area. There, it disappears under young sediment of the Cauca and Nechí River valleys. It has a reverse sense in the northern part and normal sense in the southern part. The Espíritu Santo Fault places Precambrian metamorphic rocks to the south against Paleozoic metamorphic rocks to the north. The fault displaces rocks of the Puquí Complex, Valdivia Group, and mafic and ultramafic rocks and sediments of the Bajo Cauca. The Santa Rita Fault terminates against the Espíritu Santo Fault.
The fault forms well developed fault lines and valleys. The fault trace is marked by young morphologic features such as ground ruptures, saddles, shutter ridges, closed depressions, aligned and captured drainages and linear scarps on recent sediment. There is clear offset of 50-100 thousand year old terraces and Quaternary deposits around El Doce. In addition, the fault has displaced a Tertiary erosion surface. The last activity of the fault has been estimated at 500 years ago.
The fault displays dextral (right-lateral) movement in ramps, displacing older deformational structures and forming an intense cataclasis. Rotated foliations are observed in a northeasterly direction, overprinting older foliations of a north-northwest trend.
# Zavyalovsky District, Altai Krai

Zavyalovsky District (Russian: Завья́ловский райо́н) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the fifty-nine in Altai Krai, Russia. It is located in the northwestern central part of the krai. The area of the district is 2,224 square kilometers (859 sq mi). Its administrative center is the rural locality (a selo) of Zavyalovo. Population: 19,305 (2010 Census); 22,389 (2002 Census); 21,695 (1989 Soviet census). The population of Zavyalovo accounts for 35.9% of the district's total population.

## Geography

The district lies in the transition zone between the Ob Plateau and the Kulunda Plain. Part of Mostovoye lake is located in the district.
# HMS Crane (1896)

HMS Crane was a Palmer three-funnel, 30-knot destroyer ordered by the Royal Navy under the 1895–1896 Naval Estimates. She was the sixth ship to carry this name since it was introduced in 1590 for a 24-gun schooner in service until 1629.

## Construction

She was laid down on 2 August 1896 at the Palmer shipyard at Jarrow-on-Tyne and launched on 17 December 1896. During her builder's trials Crane made her contracted speed requirement. She was completed and accepted by the Royal Navy in April 1898.

## Service history
### Pre-War

After commissioning Crane was assigned to the Devonport Flotilla. In early January 1901 she was posted to the Portsmouth instructional flotilla, under the command of Commander Michael Henry Hodges. On 2 September 1902 Lieutenant Arthur Kenneth Macrorie was appointed in command, when she commissioned at Portsmouth for service on the Mediterranean Station. She arrived at Malta later the same month. Returning to Home Waters in 1904, she was assigned to the East Coast Flotilla.
On 10 March 1910 Crane was moored to a buoy in Portsmouth harbour when she was rammed by the cross-Channel ferry Princess Margaret. Crane's bows were badly damaged in the collision.
On 30 August 1912 the Admiralty directed all destroyer classes were to be designated by alpha characters starting with the letter 'A'. Since her design speed was 30 knots (56 km/h; 35 mph) and she had three funnels, she was assigned to the C class. After 30 September 1913, she was known as a C-class destroyer and had the letter ‘C’ painted on the hull below the bridge area and on either the fore or aft funnel.

### World War I

In July 1914 she was in active commission in the 7th Destroyer Flotilla based at Devonport tendered to HMS Leander, destroyer depot ship to the 7th Flotilla. In September 1914 the 7th was redeployed to the Humber River. She remained in this deployment until the cessation of hostilities. Her employment within the Humber Patrol included anti-submarine and counter-mining patrols.
On 28 October 1914 under the command of Commander R. H. Coppinger, she took part in operations off the Belgian Coast.

## Disposal

In 1919 she was paid off and laid-up in reserve awaiting disposal. She was sold on 10 June 1919 to Thos. W. Ward of Sheffield for breaking at New Holland, Lincolnshire, on the Humber Estuary.
She was awarded the battle honour "Belgian Coast 1914 - 1917".

## Pennant numbers

| Pennant number | From | To |
| P97 | 6 Dec 1914 | 1 Sep 1915 |
| D46 | 1 Sep 1915 | 1 Jan 1918 |
| D09 | 1 Jan 1918 | 13 Sep 1918 |
| H87 | 13 Sep 1918 | 10 Jun 1919 |
# Cunningham Clock Tower

The Cunningham Clock Tower (Urdu: ‎کننگہام گھنٹہ گھر) in Peshawar, Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan, was built in 1900, "in commemoration of Her Majesty the Queen Empress Victoria". The tower was named after the Commissioner of Peshawar, Sir Alexander Frederick Douglas Cunningham (son of Alexander Cunningham), not to be confused with Sir George Cunningham, former British governor and political agent in the province.

## History

Designed by James Strachan, the Municipal Engineer of Peshawar, the foundation stone was laid by Cunningham, commissioner of Peshawar in 1898. It was opened to the public in 1900 to commemorate the Diamond Jubilee of Queen Victoria. The construction of the building was funded by Balmukand Ahooja - Banker and Contractor of Peshawar

## Structure

The tower is 31 feet in diameter. Its base is 13 by 4 metres (43 ft × 13 ft) and stands 26 metres (85 ft) tall at the Ghanta Ghar Chowk ("Clock Tower Square").
# Alfredo Romero (activist)

Alfredo Romero Mendoza (born 7 January 1969) is a Venezuelan lawyer, human rights activist and executive director of the non-governmental organization Foro Penal. He received the Robert F. Kennedy Human Rights Award in 2017.

## Career

Alfredo Romero graduated as a lawyer in the Andrés Bello Catholic University in 1991, received a master's degree in Latin American studies in Georgetown University in 1994 and afterwards a master's degree in financial public law in the University of London in 1997. Between 2001 and 2002 he was rapporteur of the Constitutional Chamber of the Supreme Tribunal of Justice and in 2002 he founded the civil association VIVE (Victims of Violence in Violation of Human Rights; Spanish: Víctimas Venezolanas de Violaciones a los Derechos Humanos), representing the victims of the April 11, 2002 Llaguno Overpass events. This firm later merged with the non-governmental organization Foro Penal. In 2008 he was an independent pre-candidate for mayor of Baruta.
Romero has been awarded several recognitions for his work in human rights. He has been member of the Global Agenda Council in rule of law in the World Economic Forum, and in 2007 he was recognized as a "World Young Leader" by the Forum. In 2009 Romero received the honour diploma from the Venezuelan Lawyers Association as recognition for his effort to improve judicial institutions and recognition as public servant by Rotary International. In 2014 he was awarded the Bicentennial Order by the National Lawyers Association, the highest recognition of that institution in the country. Romero was named as the 2017 Robert F. Kennedy Human Rights Award laureate, an award given to individuals around the world "who show courage and have made a significant contribution to human rights in their country."
He has also worked as law professor in the Central University of Venezuela and the Andrés Bello Catholic University, is member of the Himiob Romero law firm and currently is executive director of Foro Penal, as well as member of the Harvard Kennedy School Carr Center for Human Rights Policy.
Romero is the author of the book Relatos de muerte en vivo. Also, he is co-author of the book Crímenes de Lesa Humanidad, una perspectiva venezolana.

## Personal life

Alfredo Romero plays the guitar.
# Unzha

The Unzha (Russian: Унжа) is a river in the Vologda and Kostroma oblasts of Russia. It is a tributary of the Volga, which it enters at the Gorky Reservoir. It is 426 kilometres (265 mi) long, and its basin covers 27,800 square kilometres (10,700 sq mi). The Unzha begins at the confluence of the rivers Kema and the Lundonga. It flows into the Unzhensky Cove of the Gorky Reservoir.
The Unzha freezes up between October and December and stays under the ice until April or May. The main tributaries are the Viga, Neya, and the Mezha. The towns of Kologriv, Manturovo and Makaryev are along the Unzha River.
# Karakashly, Republic of Bashkortostan

Karakashly (Russian: Каракашлы; Bashkir: Ҡараҡашлы, Qaraqaşlı) is a rural locality (a village) in Dyurtyulinsky Selsoviet, Sharansky District, Bashkortostan, Russia. The population was 61 as of 2010. There is 1 street.

## Geography

Karakashly is located 26 km southwest of Sharan (the district's administrative centre) by road. Yeremkino is the nearest rural locality.
# Hassi Khelifa

Hassi Khelifa (Arabic: ﺣﺎﺳﻰ ﺧﻠﻴﻔﺔ) is a town and commune, and capital of Hassi Khelifa District in El Oued Province, Algeria. According to the 2008 census it has a population of 31,784, up from 25,118 in 1998, with an annual growth rate of 2.4%.

## Climate

Hassi Khelifa has a hot desert climate (Köppen climate classification BWh), with very hot summers and mild winters, and very little precipitation throughout the year.
Climate data for Hassi Khelifa :
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 17.0 (62.6) | 19.6 (67.3) | 23.5 (74.3) | 27.9 (82.2) | 32.8 (91.0) | 37.3 (99.1) | 41.1 (106.0) | 40.2 (104.4) | 35.6 (96.1) | 29.0 (84.2) | 22.2 (72.0) | 17.3 (63.1) | 28.6 (83.5) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 10.9 (51.6) | 13.2 (55.8) | 16.6 (61.9) | 20.7 (69.3) | 25.4 (77.7) | 30.1 (86.2) | 33.1 (91.6) | 32.6 (90.7) | 28.7 (83.7) | 22.5 (72.5) | 16.0 (60.8) | 11.5 (52.7) | 21.8 (71.2) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 4.8 (40.6) | 6.8 (44.2) | 9.8 (49.6) | 13.5 (56.3) | 18.0 (64.4) | 23.0 (73.4) | 25.2 (77.4) | 25.0 (77.0) | 21.9 (71.4) | 16.1 (61.0) | 9.9 (49.8) | 5.7 (42.3) | 15.0 (58.9) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 8 (0.3) | 8 (0.3) | 11 (0.4) | 7 (0.3) | 6 (0.2) | 2 (0.1) | 0 (0) | 1 (0.0) | 6 (0.2) | 8 (0.3) | 11 (0.4) | 8 (0.3) | 76 (2.8) |
| Source: climate-data.org ||||||||||||||

## Transportation

Hassi Khelifa lies on the N16 highway, 29 kilometres (18 mi) north of El Oued on the way to Tebessa, and the Tunisian border by the N48. From El Oued the N16 continues to Touggourt, and the N48 leads north towards Biskra.

## Education

3.6% of the population has a tertiary education, and another 11.9% has completed secondary education. The overall literacy rate is 72.0%, and is 78.0% among males and 65.8% among females.

## Localities

The commune of Hassi Khelifa is composed of 11 localities:
* Hassi Khelifa
* Menchia
* Nezla Cherguia
* Hamaïssa
* Chouaïha
* Amra
* Merzaka
* Khalaïfa
* Nessaïba
* Sahanberry
* Nezla Gherbia
# La Roquille

La Roquille (French pronunciation:; Occitan: La Roquilha) is a commune in the Gironde department in Nouvelle-Aquitaine in southwestern France. It is located on the D708 route between Sainte-Foy-la-Grande and Margueron.
# Lashany

Lashany (Belarusian: Лашаны) or Loshany (Russian: Лошаны) may refer to the following places in Belarus:
* Lashany, Grodno Region, a village in Smarhon District, Grodno Region
* Lashany, Minsk Region, an agrotown in Minsk District, Minsk Region
# Sheikh Wahan railway station

Sheikh Wahan Railway Station (Urdu: شیخ وہن ریلوے اسٹیشن, Punjabi: شیخ وہن ریلوے اسٹیشن) is located in Pakistan.
# 2005–06 Venezuelan Professional Baseball League season

The 2005-2006 Venezuelan Professional Baseball League season (Spanish: Liga Venezolana de Béisbol Profesional or LVBP) was won by the team Leones del Caracas.

## Regular season standings
### Eastern Division

| Team | Wins | Losses | Pct | GB |
| Navegantes de Magallanes | 39 | 23 | .629 | – |
| Leones del Caracas | 35 | 27 | .565 | 4 |
| Caribes de Anzoátegui | 32 | 30 | .516 | 7 |
| Tiburones de La Guaira | 31 | 31 | .500 | 8 |

### Western Division

| Team | Wins | Losses | Pct | GB |
| Tigres de Aragua | 38 | 24 | .613 | – |
| Cardenales de Lara | 27 | 35 | .435 | 11 |
| Pastora de los Llanos | 23 | 39 | .371 | 15 |
| Águilas del Zulia | 23 | 39 | .371 | 15 |

## Playoffs

| Team | Wins | Losses | Pct. | GB |
| Tigres de Aragua | 10 | 6 | .625 | – |
| Leones del Caracas | 10 | 6 | .625 | – |
| Navegantes de Magallanes | 9 | 7 | .563 | 1 |
| Cardenales de Lara | 7 | 9 | .438 | 3 |
| Caribes de Anzoátegui | 4 | 12 | .250 | 6 |

## Championship series

* Game 1: Tigres de Aragua 7, Leones del Caracas 4 (Aragua leads 1-0)
* Game 2: Leones del Caracas 8, Aragua Tigers 6 (Series tied 1-1)
* Game 3: Leones del Caracas 8, Aragua Tigers 4 (Caracas leads 2-1)
* Game 4: Leones del Caracas 5, Aragua Tigers 3 (Caracas leads 3-1)
* Game 5: Leones del Caracas 5, Aragua Tigers 1 (Caracas wins series, 4-1)
# Nord-Troms og Senja District Court

Nord-Troms og Senja District Court (Norwegian: Nord-Troms og Senja tingrett) is a district court located in Troms, Norway. This court is based at two different courthouses which are located in Tromsø and Finnsnes. The court serves the northern and central parts of Troms which includes cases from 13 municipalities. The court in Tromsø accepts cases from the municipalities of Balsfjord, Karlsøy, Kåfjord, Lyngen, Nordreisa, Skjervøy, Storfjord, and Tromsø. The court in Finnsnes accepts cases from the municipalities of Bardu, Dyrøy, Målselv, Senja, and Sørreisa. The court is subordinate to the Hålogaland Court of Appeal.
The court is led by a chief judge (sorenskriver) and several other judges. The court is a court of first instance. Its judicial duties are mainly to settle criminal cases and to resolve civil litigation as well as bankruptcy. The administration and registration tasks of the court include death registration, issuing certain certificates, performing duties of a notary public, and officiating civil wedding ceremonies. Cases from this court are heard by a combination of professional judges and lay judges.

## History

This court was established on 26 April 2021 after the old Senja District Court and Nord-Troms District Court were merged into one court. Kvænangen Municipality was part of the old Nord-Troms District Court, but on this date it was transferred to the Vestre Finnmark District Court. The new district court system continues to use the courthouses from the predecessor courts.
# Elaphropus nebulosus

Elaphropus nebulosus is a species of ground beetle in the family Carabidae. It is found in North America.
# Krasnoye, Perm Krai

Krasnoye (Russian: Красное) is a rural locality (a settlement) in Dobryansky District, Perm Krai, Russia. The population was 36 as of 2010. There are 4 streets.
# Michalis Alexandropoulos

Michalis Alexandropoulos (Greek: Μιχάλης Αλεξανδρόπουλος, born (1972-01-25)25 January 1972 in Kinshasa) is a retired Greek male indoor volleyball and beach volleyball player. As an indoor volleyball player, he played most notably for Olympiacos (2002–2005), with whom he won 1 Greek Championship (2002−03) and the 2005 CEV Top Teams Cup and for Aris Thessaloniki (1985–1992, 1993–1999, 2000–2002), with whom he won 1 Greek Championship (1996–97) and 1 Greek Super Cup (1997). Alexandropoulos had 16 caps with Greece men's national volleyball team.
As a beach volleyball player he has won 2 Greek Championships (2000 with teammate Ilias Arabatzis, 2004 with teammate Giorgos Koulieris).
# Christine Welsh

Christine Welsh is a Métis Canadian filmmaker, feminist and retired associate professor at the University of Victoria.

## Early life

Welsh was born and raised in Regina, Saskatchewan. She is the great-grand-daughter of Norbert Welsh, the famous Metis buffalo hunter.

## Education

Welsh graduated from University of Regina, with a B.A. in 1986.

## Career

Welsh has produced, written and directed films for more than 30 years.
In 1977, Welsh's career began as an assistant editor on Allen Kings Who Has Seen the Wind film. Welsh moved to Vancouver Island after working as a film editor in Toronto for ten years. Welsh's 2006 National Film Board of Canada documentary Finding Dawn, about murdered and missing Canadian Aboriginal women, won a Gold Audience Award at the 2006 Amnesty International Film Festival. Other film credits include: Women in the Shadows (directed by Norma Bailey, 1992), Keepers of the Fire (1994), Kuper Island: Return to the Healing Circle (with Peter C. Campbell, 1997), and The Story of the Coast Salish Knitters (2000).
Welsh worked as an associate professor at the University of Victoria where she taught courses in indigenous women's studies and indigenous cinema, retiring in 2017. Welsh was the first indigenous faculty member in Humanities at the University. In 2016, the University of Victoria made a scholarship in honor of Welsh, Scholarship for Indigenous Gender Studies Students. She is a resident of Saltspring Island.

## Filmography

* Finding Dawn, (2006) Ericksen, Svend-Erik (Producer). [Documentary]. Canada. The National Film Board of Canada.
* The Story of the Coast Salish Knitters, (2000) Darling Kovanik, G. & Welsh, C. (Producers). [Documentary]. Canada. Prairie Girl Films and the National Film Board of Canada.
* Kuper Island: Return to the Healing Circle, (1997) Campbell, Peter C & Welsh, C (Producers). Campbell, Peter C & Welsh, C (Directors). [Documentary]. Canada. Gumboot Productions.
* Keepers of the Fire, (1994) Herring, I., Johansson, S., Macdonald, J. & Welsh, C. (Producers). [Documentary]. Canada. Omni Film Productions and the National Film Board of Canada.
* Women in the Shadows, (1991) Johansson, S. & Welsh, C. (Producers). Bailey, N. (Director). [Documentary]. Canada. Direction Films and the National Film Board of Canada.

## Awards

* 2006, Winner, Amnesty International Film Festival, Gold Audience Award.
* 2017, Vancouver International Women in Film Festival, Matrix Award in achievement in BC shorts for the film The Thinking Garden.
* 2009, Women in Film and Television Vancouver, Artistic Achievement Award for filmmaking excellence in telling women’s stories.
# Ostrovnoy, Murmansk Oblast

Ostrovnoy (Russian: Островно́й), previously known as Murmansk-140 (Му́рманск-140), is a closed town in Murmansk Oblast, Russia. As of the 2010 Census, its population was 2,171; down from 5,032 recorded in the 2002 Census.

## History

The first naval base was established here in 1915. There is no rail link to Ostrovnoy and the settlement is reachable by coastal ship, helicopter or small plane in winter.
Until 1938, the town was known as Yokanga. Until 1981, the town was known as Gremikha.
The Gremikha Naval Base was one of the Northern Fleet's main facilities for servicing nuclear submarines.

## Administrative and municipal status

Within the framework of administrative divisions, it is, together with six rural localities, incorporated as the closed administrative-territorial formation of Ostrovnoy—an administrative unit with the status equal to that of the districts. As a municipal division, the closed administrative-territorial formation of Ostrovnoy is incorporated as Ostrovnoy Urban Okrug.

## Notable people

* Gerard Vasilyev (born 1935 in Tersko-Orlovsky Mayak), singer and actor
# Heterogastridiales

The Heterogastridiales are an order of fungi in the class Microbotryomycetes. The order contains a single family, the Heterogastridiaceae, which currently contains five genera. Some species in the order are currently known only from their yeast states. Those producing hyphal states have auricularioid (laterally septate) basidia and are parasitic on other fungi. Basidiocarps (fruit bodies), when present, are minute and variously stilboid (pin-shaped), pustular, or pycnidioid (flask-shaped). Molecular research, based on cladistic analysis of DNA sequences, has shown that the order is a monophyletic (natural) group, though the type and only species of Krieglsteinera has not yet been sequenced and may belong elsewhere.
# Socialist League (Italy)

The Socialist League (Italian: Lega Socialista, LS) was a tiny social-democratic party in Italy, founded by Bobo Craxi on 10 May 2000.
The Socialist League was already operating as a faction within the Italian Democratic Socialists (SDI), of which the LS was a founding member in 1998. A year later, Craxi was an unsuccessful SDI candidate in the 1999 European Parliament election, while Claudio Martelli was elected and later appointed SDI deputy leader.
In June 2000 both Craxi and Martelli left the SDI. In January 2001 the LS was merged with the Socialist Party to form the New Italian Socialist Party, allied with the centre-right coalition. Craxi was elected president of the new party, while Martelli was nominated spokesperson. Martelli left politics in 2004, while Craxi led a split from the NPSI in 2006 and launched The Italian Socialists, which was a founding component of the revived Italian Socialist Party in 2007.
# Molfar

A molfar (Ukrainian: мольфа́р) is a person with purported magical abilities in Hutsul culture. Their abilities focus around herbalism and other folk magic.
The origin of the word is uncertain. It may originate from Romance languages, e.g., Italian malfare 'to do evil'.
Molfar culture was popularised by Mykhailo Kotsiubynsky's book Shadows of Forgotten Ancestors, published in 1911, and a subsequent film made in 1964.
A prominent Carpathian molfar was Mykhailo Nechay, who lived in Verkhniy Yaseniv and was killed in 2011.
# Claudius Clavus

Claudius Clavus (Suartho) also known as Nicholas Niger, (Danish: Claudius Claussøn Swart), (born 14 September 1388), was a Danish geographer sometimes considered to be the first Nordic cartographer.
It is believed that he was born in the village of Salling on the Danish island of Funen. He is commemorated by a plaque in the local Aagaarden.
In 1412–13 at the age of 25 he started to travel around Europe and appeared eleven years later (1423–24) in Rome. It is believed he travelled as far north as the 70°10' N. lat. In Rome he became friends with the cardinal Giordano Orsini and the pope's secretary Gian Francesco Poggio Bracciolini, who were among those working to update the old Roman cartography. Claudius contributed to a more realistic description of Nordic countries, in particular Iceland and Greenland, and was probably the first cartographer to put Greenland on a map. He is also known for having named Greenlandic places by using lyrics from old folk songs.
Most of his work (including two maps) is lost, but a copy has been preserved through the German cartographers Donnus Nicholas Germanus and Henricus Martellus Germanus, and in the nineteenth century more texts were rediscovered in the imperial library at Vienna. He drew 27 maps for a copy of the Geography by Ptolemy (see image).