OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Johnny Echols

John Marshall Echols (/ˈɛkəlz/; born February 21, 1947) is an American songwriter and guitarist, who was a co-founder and the lead guitar player of the psychedelic rock band Love.

## Early life and career

Johnny Echols was born in Memphis, Tennessee. He moved with his family to Los Angeles, California, in the late 1950s, and re-established a childhood friendship with Arthur Lee, who had also moved to the city from Memphis a few years earlier; their respective families were friends. Echols began playing guitar as a child, and in his teens played in bands with Billy Preston, Marilyn McCoo, Clarence McDonald and others. Echols and Lee both attended Dorsey High School, and decided to form a band. The band became "Arthur Lee and the L.A.G.'s" (an allusion to Booker T. and the M.G.'s) before splitting up. Lee and Echols then formed The American Four, later re-named The Grass Roots, and finally re-named Love in 1965. Echols also worked as a studio musician alongside Glen Campbell and others.

## Career with Love

Echols contributed as lead guitarist and writer to Love's first three albums: Love, on which he is credited as co-writer of three songs; Da Capo, credited as co-writer of the side-long improvised track "Revelation" and Forever Changes, often cited as one of the greatest rock albums of its time. Forever Changes comprised songs written by Lee and by fellow band member Bryan MacLean. The record company, Elektra Records, would only release a single rather than a double album, and songs written by Echols for a possible companion album, tentatively titled Gethsemane, were never recorded by the band. In 1968, the band split up: they were performing less frequently; sales of Forever Changes were disappointing; there were personal disagreements among the band members; MacLean was considering a solo contract with Elektra; and most of the band members, including Echols and his housemate, bassist Ken Forssi, had become heroin users. However, rumors that Echols and Forssi robbed donut shops to support their habit are unfounded.

## Later activities

Echols moved to New York City, where he gave up drugs, worked as a studio musician with Miles Davis and others, and taught guitar. He moved to Arizona in the 1980s. Occasional attempts by Lee and others to reconstitute Love did not bear fruit until 2003, when Echols joined Lee and his backing band, Baby Lemonade, onstage in Los Angeles. Echols toured with the band in 2004 and 2005, though the 2005 European tour was without Arthur, who cancelled at the last minute due, they were to find out later, to the cancer that he died from. After Lee's death in 2006, Echols continued to perform with Baby Lemonade, billed as "Love Revisited" (2016) or "The Love Band featuring Johnny Echols" (2019).
# Manginehi

Manginehi (Persian: منگنه اي, also Romanized as Mangīneh’ī; also known as Mangīngī, Kūchūleh Mangīneh’ī, Mangi Navi, and Manjī Navī) is a village in Arabkhaneh Rural District, Shusef District, Nehbandan County, South Khorasan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 66, in 21 families.
# Devi Gali

Devi Gali (Urdu: دیوی گلی ) (also known as Aamir Hussain Shaheed Gali abbreviated as Shaheed Gali) is a village and a tourist attraction in Poonch District of Azad Kashmir, Pakistan. It is located 8 kilometers (5.0 mi) from Hajira, 12 kilometers (7.5 mi) from Banjosa, and 32 kilometers (20 mi) from Rawalakot an altitude of 5,480 feet (1,670 m).
Devi Gali has lush green grassy grounds surrounded by densely pine forest and mountains. The name Devi Gali is linked to this area's history. According to locals, this spot was a place of worship for Hindus, years before independence of Azad Kashmir. It is narrated that during those days a Devi (Hindu Queen) visits this place to worship in a temple located nearby. The temple was later on destroyed in early years of 21st century.
# Lord Charles Russell

Lord Charles James Fox Russell (10 February 1807 – 29 June 1894), was a British soldier and Whig politician.

## Background

Russell was the third son of John Russell, 6th Duke of Bedford, by his second wife Lady Georgiana, daughter of Alexander Gordon, 4th Duke of Gordon. Francis Russell, 7th Duke of Bedford, Lord George Russell and John Russell, 1st Earl Russell were his elder half-brothers and Lord Edward Russell and Lord Alexander Russell his full brothers.

## Cricket

An amateur cricketer, Russell played first-class cricket for the Marylebone Cricket Club between 1833 and 1846.

## Career

Russell was a Lieutenant-Colonel in both the 52nd Regiment and the Royal Horse Guards. In 1832 he was returned to Parliament for Bedfordshire, a seat he held until 1841 and again briefly in 1847. In 1848 he was appointed Serjeant-at-Arms of the House of Commons, which he remained until 1875.

## Family

Russell married Isabella Clarissa, daughter of William Griffith Davies, in 1834. They had two sons: Henry Charles Russell (the father of Thomas Wentworth Russell) and George W. E. Russell, as well as three daughters. Lady Charles Russell died in June 1884. Russell survived her by ten years and died in June 1894, aged 87.

## Ancestry

Ancestors of Lord Charles Russell :
# John Scourfield

Sir John Henry Scourfield, 1st Baronet (30 January 1808 – 3 June 1876) was a Welsh Conservative politician who sat in the House of Commons from 1852 to 1876.

## Life

Scourfield was born John Henry Phillips, the son of Owen Phillips of Williamstown, Pembrokeshire, Wales and his wife Ann Elizabeth Scourfield, niece of William Henry Scourfield of the Mote and Robeston Hall. He was educated at Harrow School and at Oriel College, Oxford graduating BA 3rd class in classics in 1828 and MA in 1832.
He was a Deputy Lieutenant and J.P. for Pembroke and chairman of the Quarter Sessions of Pembroke. He was also High Sheriff of Pembrokeshire in 1833 and Lord-Lieutenant and Custos Rotulorum of the borough of Haverfordwest. In 1862 he assumed the name of Scourfield by Royal Licence on succeeding to the estates of his maternal uncle.

## Political career

At the 1852 general election Scourfield was elected Member of Parliament for Haverfordwest and held the seat until 1868. In 1857 he narrowly held on to the seat by two votes over the Liberal candidate William Rees, in a contest characterised by accusations of intimidation.
At the 1868 general election he was elected MP for Pembrokeshire and held the seat until his death aged 68 in 1876. He was created a baronet by Disraeli on 18 February 1876 but died the following May.
He was against the Women's Disabilities Removal Bill, an early women's suffrage bill. He argued, in May 1872, that the novelist Jane Austen would be, too, were she alive. Scourfield argued this by using a quotation from Austen's novel Emma (1816), which was itself a quotation from Oliver Goldsmith, taken out of context. This appears to be the first time that Austen's name was referenced in official business in parliament.

## Cricket

As John Philipps, he was a cricketer with amateur status who was associated with Marylebone Cricket Club (MCC) and made his first-class debut in 1830.

## Works

He was the author of a number of published plays and poems.

## Family

Scourfield married in 1845 Augusta Phillips, daughter of John Lort Phillips of Haverfordwest and Llawrenny Park, Pembrokeshire. They had two sons, the eldest of which, Owen, succeeded to the baronetcy (which became extinct on his death).
# Maximilian Spinola

Maximilian Spinola (Italian: Massimiliano Spinola; July 10, 1780 – November 12, 1857) was an Italian entomologist.

## Background

Spinola was born in Pézenas, Hérault, France. The family of Spinola was of very long standing and had great wealth and power in Genoa. Maximilian Spinola was a descendant of the famous Spanish General Ambrogio Spinola, marqués de los Balbases (1569–1630) and much of his wealth derived from land held in Spain and South America. He was linked to Camillo Pallavicini.

## Research

He received many insects from his properties in Spain and South America. He also made extensive, and expensive purchases especially of large showy tropical beetles and wasps. His entomological contributions were mainly in the orders Coleoptera, Hymenoptera and Hemiptera.
Spinola made very important contributions to entomology, describing many taxa, especially in Spinola M. M., 1850.Tavola sinottica dei generi spettanti alla classe degli insetti Arthroidignati, Hemiptera Linn., Latr. - Rhyngota Fab. - Rhynchota Burm. Memoria del Socio Attuale signor Marchese Massimiliano Spinola Modena, Dal tipi delle R.D. Camera. Soc. Ital. Sci., T.25, pt.1: 138 pp.
He is listed, as Count Maximilian Spinola, as an ordinary member of the Entomological Society of London in the Society's first volume of transactions published in 1836. At that time he lived in Genoa.
Spinola's Coleoptera (with types purchased from Dejean), Hymenoptera (with types purchased from Audinet-Serville and Amédée Louis Michel le Peletier, comte de Saint-FargeauLepeletier and specimens from the Pierre André Latreille Collection), Hemiptera collection is in Museo Regionale di Scienze Naturali in Turin, Italy. Other specimens are in Museo di storia naturale dell'Università di Pisa. Most of his type specimens are extant and in good condition.
He died in Tassarolo, Alessandria, Italy.

## Works

partial list
* 1806. Insectorum Liguriæ Species Novæ aut Rariores, quas in agro Ligustico nuper detexit, descripsit, et iconibus illustravit. Tom. 1. xvii+159 pp. Genuæ.
* 1808. Insectorum Liguriae species novae aut rariores, quae in agro Ligustico nuper detexit, descripsit et iconibus illustravit Maximilianus Spinola, adjecto Catalogo spiecierum auctoribus jam enumeratarum, quae in eadam regione occurrunt, Vol. 2. Gravier, Genuae.
* 1839. Compte rendu des hyménoptères recueillis par M. Fischer pendant son voyage en Égypte, et communiqués par M. le Docteur Waltl a Maximilien. Annales de la Société Entomologique de France 7: 437-546.
* 1839 Essai sur les Fulgorelles, sous-tribu de la tribu des Cicadaires, ordre des Rhynchotes Ann. Soc. ent. France 8, 133-137, 339-454
* 1843. Sur quelques Hyménoptères peu connus, recueillis en Espagne, pendant l’année 1842, par M. Victor Ghiliani, voyageur-naturaliste. Annales de la Société Entomologique de France (2)1: 111-144.
* 1851. Hyménopteros. in Gay, C., Historia Fisica y Politica de Chile. Zoologia. Vol. 6. Casa del author, Paris. pp. 153–569.
* 1853. Compte rendu des hyménoptères inédits provenants du voyage entomologique de M. Ghiliani dans le Para en 1846. Memoire della Reale Accademia della Scienze di Torino (2)13: 19-94.
# Der Ring des Polykrates (poem)

Polycrates' Ring (German: Der Ring des Polykrates) is a lyrical ballad written in June 1797 by Friedrich Schiller and first published in his 1798 Musen-Almanach annual. It is about how the greatest success gives reason to fear disaster. Schiller relied on the accounts of the fate of Polycrates, tyrant of Samos, in Herodotus' Histories, Book III.

## Synopsis

The ballad is set at the court of Polycrates, where he is visited by Pharaoh Amasis II. Polycrates boasts of his victories while Amasis reminds him of the instability of fortune and prosperity, fearing the divine punishment carried by hubris. All the pharaoh's premonitions soon prove to be erroneous, which only leads him to assume the worst. He advises Polycrates to throw away whatever he valued most in order to escape a reversal of fortune. Polycrates, pondering, follows the advice and throws his most valuable ring into the sea. The next day, a fisherman offers him a large fish and Polycrates' cook discovers the ring inside of it. Amasis, horrified, breaks off their friendship and leaves him right away.

## Musical setting

A comic parody of the ballad by the Austrian playwright Heinrich Teweles (1856–1927) became the libretto of the Korngold opera Der Ring des Polykrates, written in 1913/14.
# Sfouf

Sfouf (Arabic: صفوف, romanized: ṣufūf, lit. 'rows') is a Lebanese almond-semolina cake consumed on birthdays, family reunions, and religious holidays. It is made from semolina flour flavored with turmeric, sugar, sesame paste, aniseed, and pine nuts, and raised with baking powder.
# Shahrow, Tazian

Shahrow (Persian: شهرو, also Romanized as Shahroo, Shāhrū, and Shahrū; also known as Maḩalleh-ye Pā’īn-e Shahrū, Maḩalleh-ye Pā’īn Shahrū) is a village in Tazian Rural District, in the Central District of Bandar Abbas County, Hormozgan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 1,790, in 369 families.
# Sweden in the Eurovision Song Contest 1986

Sweden was represented at the Eurovision Song Contest 1986 with the song "E' de' det här du kallar kärlek?", written by Lasse Holm, and performed by Lasse Holm and Monica Törnell. The Swedish participating broadcaster, Sveriges Television (SVT), selected its entry through Melodifestivalen 1986.

## Before Eurovision
### Melodifestivalen 1986

Melodifestivalen 1986 was the contest for the 26th song to represent Sweden at the Eurovision Song Contest. 90 songs had been submitted to Sveriges Television (SVT) for the competition; 10 of these were performed at the contest, which was held at Cirkus in Stockholm on 22 March 1986. It was presented by Lennart Swahn and Tommy Engstrand and was broadcast on TV1. No orchestra was used, and instead the ten songs were broadcast as music videos. The five songs that qualified for the second round were performed live to backing track.
| Draw | Artist | Song | Songwriter(s) | Points | Place |
| 1 | Dan Tillberg | "ABCD" | Svante Persson, Dan Tillberg, Ingela 'Pling' Forsman | - | - |
| 2 | Git Persson | "Du förför mig" | Anders Berglund, Lotta Winberg | - | - |
| 3 | Style | "Dover–Calais" | Tommy Ekman, Christer Sandelin | 33 | 3rd |
| 4 | Lasse Holm and Monica Törnell | "E' de' det här du kallar kärlek?" | Lasse Holm | 64 | 1st |
| 5 | Anna Book | "ABC" | Martin Contra, Björn Frisén, Keith Almgren | 24 | 5th |
| 6 | Sound of Music | "Eldorado" | Peter Grönvall, Angélique Widengren, Nanne Nordqvist | 26 | 4th |
| 7 | Baden-Baden | "Jag har en dröm" | Martin Contra, Björn Frisén, Keith Almgren | - | - |
| 8 | Fredrik Willstrand | "Fem i tolv" | Joakim Bergman, Monica Forsberg | - | - |
| 9 | Lena Philipsson | "Kärleken är evig" | Torgny Söderberg, Per Gessle | 42 | 2nd |
| 10 | Karin Risberg | "Stopp, stopp, stanna" | Kjell Lövbom, Peo Thyrén | - | - |

#### Voting

| Song | 56–60 | 51–55 | 46–50 | 41–45 | 36–40 | 31–35 | 26–30 | 21–25 | 15–20 | Total |
| "Dover-Calais" | 6 | 2 | 4 | 4 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 6 | 8 | 33 |
| "E' de' det här du kallar kärlek?" | 8 | 8 | 8 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 8 | 8 | 6 | 64 |
| "ABC" | 2 | 4 | 6 | 2 | 2 | 4 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 24 |
| "Eldorado" | 4 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 4 | 2 | 6 | 4 | 2 | 26 |
| "Kärleken är evig" | 1 | 6 | 1 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 4 | 2 | 4 | 42 |
# Shispare

Shispare (Urdu: شیسپیئر) is one of the high mountain peaks of the Batura Muztagh, the westernmost subrange of the Karakoram range in the Gilgit-Baltistan region of Pakistan.
Alternate forms of the name of this peak include Shispare Sar, Shisparé Sari "Fiak Ting" فیاک ٹنگ or Tegh Sar تیغ سر (which means Sharp Head in the local Wakhi Language).

## Location

Shispare lies east of the Batura Wall, which is the highest part of the Batura Muztagh in Pakistan. Notable neighbouring peaks include Pasu Sar to the northwest, Bojohagur Duanasir, Ultar, Hunza Peak and Ladyfinger Peak, which comprise the most southeasterly of the major groups of the Batura Muztagh. The Hunza River curves around the southeastern, eastern, and northeastern sides of the Batura Muztagh, and Shispare towers above the western bank of the river. In turn, the Hunza Valley lies in the Hunza District of Gilgit-Baltistan, Pakistan.

## Notable features

Shispare is notable for its tremendous rise above local terrain. For example, the nearby town of Karimabad, in the Hunza Valley, has an elevation of 2,060 m (6,759 ft), making for 5,550 m (18,210 ft) of relief, in only 13 km (8 mi) horizontal distance. Being near the end of the Batura Muztagh, it commands large drops in three directions (north, east, and south). In addition, Shispare has a strikingly large and steep Northeast Face.

## History

Climbing began in the Batura Muztagh later than in other parts of the Karakoram. Shispare was the first major peak in the range to be successfully climbed, in 1974, by the "Polish-German Academic Expedition" under the leadership of Janusz Kurczab. The ascent took 35 days, and during preparations for a second group to try for the summit, one member of the expedition (Heinz Borchers) was killed in an avalanche.
The first ascent route followed the Passu Glacier to the East Ridge, between the Passu Glacier. (Note: this ridge goes southeast from the summit, turns northeast, and then turns roughly east, so it is called the "southeast ridge" and the "northeast ridge" in different sources.) Difficulties included a long ice ridge, and the access to the ridge required 1500m of fixed rope.
The next attempt was in 1989 by members of the Ryukoku University Alpine Club in Japan, led by Masato Okamoto. The group was on the mountain for almost two months, but was not able to summit; their high point was around 7,200 m (23,620 ft).
In 1994, a group from the Komono Alpine Club in Japan, led by Yukiteru Masui, achieved the second ascent of the peak. They reached Base Camp on June 18, and Masui, Kokubu, and Ozawa reached the summit on July 20. They followed the same route as the first ascent party and climbed in a similar style, with a similar amount of fixed rope.
In 2017, an alpen group, configured Kazuya Hiraide and Kenrou Nakazima achieved to the peak for northeast route that unprecedented,and they won Piolets d'Or prize.
The Himalayan Index lists no other ascents or attempts of this peak.

## Climbing

The first (and second) ascent route is described above. It is likely that any other ascent route would involve (at least) similar difficulties, making this a highly challenging peak.
# Snezhnye Barsy

Snezhnye Barsy (Kazakh: Қар Барыстары Астана, Qar Barystary Astana; Russian: Снежные Барсы; English: Snow Leopards) is a junior ice hockey team from Astana, Kazakhstan, which consists of players from the Barys Astana academy. They compete in the MHL.

## Season-by-season record

Note: GP = Games played, W = Wins, L = Losses, OTW = Overtime/shootout wins, OTL = Overtime/shootout losses, Pts = Points, GF = Goals for, GA = Goals against
| Season | GP | W | L | OTW | OTL | Pts | GF | GA | Finish | Playoffs |
| 2011–12 | 60 | 20 | 23 | 11 | 6 | 88 | 135 | 132 | 5th, Central | Did not qualify |
| 2012–13 | 60 | 15 | 37 | 5 | 3 | 58 | 140 | 205 | 12th, Eastern | Did not qualify |
| 2013–14 | 56 | 21 | 26 | 4 | 5 | 76 | 141 | 163 | 8th, Ural-Sibir | Lost in Conference Quarterfinals, 0–3 (Mamonty Yugry) |
| 2014–15 | 52 | 25 | 18 | 4 | 5 | 88 | 180 | 152 | 4th, Ural-Sibir | Lost in Conference Quarterfinals, 2–3 (Stalnye Lisy) |
| 2015–16 | 44 | 20 | 15 | 3 | 6 | 72 | 133 | 95 | 2nd, Ural-Sibir | Lost in Conference Semifinals, 2–3 (Chaika) |
| 2016–17 | 60 | 12 | 37 | 7 | 4 | 54 | 139 | 181 | 13th, Eastern | Did not qualify |

## Head coaches

* Galym Mambetaliyev 2011–12
* Stanislav Frolov 2012–13
* Galym Mambetaliyev 2013–2017
* Sergei Starygin 2017–2020
* Alexander Istomin 2020–
# Jack Murphy (writer)

Jack Murphy is a lyricist and composer. Murphy wrote the lyrics to several international musicals such as Death Note: The Musical and broadway musical The Civil War, which garnered him a Tony Nomination for Best Score. He has collaborated with composer Frank Wildhorn on many projects.

## Works

* Silver Dollar (1997) – lyrics by: Mary Bracken Phillips;
* The Civil War (1998) – composition by: Frank Wildhorn and playwright by Frank Wildhorn and Gregory Boyd
* Swing! (1999) – lyricist for the songs "I'm Gonna Love You Tonight" and "Boogie Woogie Country"
* Waiting for the Moon (2005) – composition by: Frank Wildhorn; World Premiere: Lenape Performing Arts Center, July 2005. Revived in 2012 as Zelda – An American Love Story at the Flat Rock Playhouse, then as Scott & Zelda in 2015 at Tokyo, Japan.
* Rudolf (2006) – music by: Frank Wildhorn, additional lyrics by Nan Knighton
* Carmen (2008) – composition by: Frank Wildhorn; Premiere in Prague, Czech Republic.
* The Count of Monte Cristo (2009) – composition by: Frank Wildhorn; World Premiere: Theater St. Gallen, March 2009.
* Mitsuko (2011) – written together with Frank Wildhorn and Shuichiro Koike as a musical concert, Vienna in 2005; Tokyo and Osaka, Japan in 2011.
* Death Note: The Musical (2015) – composition by: Frank Wildhorn; translated into Korean and Japanese.
* Wonderland (2009) – composition by: Frank Wildhorn
* Mata Hari (2016) - composition by: Frank Wildhorn; translated into Korean and Japanese
* The Man Who Laughs (2018) - composition by: Frank Wildhorn; Art Hall Opera Theater, Seoul, July 10.
# Lombia

Lombia (French pronunciation:; Occitan: Lombiar) is a commune in the Pyrénées-Atlantiques department in south-western France.
# Meritorious Activist of Culture

The honorary badge Meritorious Activist of Culture (Polish: Zasłużony Działacz Kultury) was a departmental decoration of Poland in Arts awarded by the Ministry of Culture and National Heritage of the Republic of Poland to persons and organizations for distinguished contributions to, or protection and propagation of the Polish culture.
Established in 1962, it was superseded by the Medal for Merit to Culture – Gloria Artis in 2005 as part of the general reform in management of culture and education.
# Government-funded Religious School

Sekolah Agama Bantuan Kerajaan (SABK) or Government-funded Religious School (Arabic: المدرسة الدينية الممولة من الحكومة) is a type of institutional group of education established and managed by the Malaysian Ministry of Education (MOE). SABK forms Religious Education Institution (IPA) with two other types of institutional group of education, which are National Islamic Secondary School (SMKA) and normal schools with Religious Stream Class (KAA).

## History

The idea of having SABK was initiated in 1977. On that year, the Federal Government took over a number of religious schools from states. However, they did not become SABK but SMKA instead. Consequently, conflicts between Federal and state governments arisen. Therefore, the Federal Government decided to stop such action in 1983. This idea was then reinstated in 2005 upon recommendation of Special Committee of Tan Sri Murad a year before, which a state government-owned religious schools (SMAN) or a community religious schools (SAR) may register as an SABK.
As of 31 December 2023, 229 SABKs have been established in Malaysia. 44 of them are primary schools and 185 are secondary schools.
# Semasiology

Semasiology (from Greek: σημασία, semasia, "signification") is a discipline of linguistics concerned with the question "what does the word X mean?". It studies the meaning of words regardless how they are pronounced. It is the opposite of onomasiology, a branch of lexicology that starts with a concept or object and asks for its name, i.e., "how do you express X?" whereas semasiology starts with a word and asks for its meanings.
The exact meaning of semasiology is somewhat obscure. It is often used as a synonym of semantics (the study of the meaning of words, phrases, and longer forms of expression). However, semasiology is also sometimes considered part of lexical semantics, a narrow subfield of lexicology (the study of words) and semantics.
The term was first used in German by Christian Karl Reisig in 1825 in his work, [Lectures on Latin Linguistics] (German: Vorlesungen über lateinische Sprachwissenschaft), and was used in English by 1847. Semantics replaced it in its original meaning, beginning in 1893.