OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Al-Wataniya

The National Coalition (Arabic: Al-Wataniya, Arabic: ائتلاف الوطنية) is a political coalition in Iraq.

## Members

The following parties made up the coalition for the 2014 parliamentary election:
* Iraqi National Accord – led by Ayad Allawi
* Builders of Iraq – led by Abd Thiyab Jaza
* Peace and Development Movement/Firmness – led by Abd al-Karim Ali Yassin Khalaf
* Call of Freedom Gathering – led by Shalan Abd al-Jabar Ali al-Krayem
* Iraqi Unity Gathering – led by Baha Nassir Hussein Salman
* Iraqi National Council of Commons – led by Hassan Khudhaller Abbas Shwend
* Loyalty to the Country Gathering – led by Wissam Sami Abd Allah Sulalman al-Bayat
* Dialogue and Change Movement – led by Hamid Ubaid Mutlaq Omar
* Movement of the Iraqi Falcons – led by Dhamr Hamid Ahmed Mahmoud
* The Liberation and Building Front – led by Dhamin Iiwi Mutlaq Khalaf
* Yazidi Progress Party – led by Waad Hamid Mattu Sabo
* The Crescent – led by Wathab Shakir Mahmoud Aboud
* Iraqi Republican Gathering – led by Hashim Jafar Yihya Hashim al-Habbobi
* The National Decision List – led by Sabah Abd al-Rasoul Abd al-Ridha Rashid al-Tammimi
* Iraqi Justice and Reform Movement – led by Abdullah Hamid Ujayel al-Yawer

## Electoral results
### Iraqi Parliament

Council of Representatives :
| Election year | # of overall votes | % of overall vote | # of overall seats won | +/– | Leader |
| 2014 | 686,017 (#5) | 5.27 | 21 / 328 | – | Ayad Allawi |
| 2018 | 623,594 (#6) | 6.01 | 21 / 328 | – | Ayad Allawi |

### Governorate Councils

Governorate Councils :
| Election year | # of overall votes | % of overall vote | # of overall seats won | +/– | Leader |
| 2013 | 298,198 (#7) | 4.13 | 16 / 601 | – | Ayad Allawi |
# Mafhaq (Sanaa)

Mafhaq (Arabic: مفحق) is a sub-district located in the Al Haymah Al Kharijiyah District, Sana'a Governorate, Yemen. Mafhaq had a population of 1239 according to the 2004 census.
# Council of Elders of the Bundestag

The Council of Elders (German: Ältestenrat, pronounced ) of the German parliament Bundestag is a joint deliberative body which includes the following members:
* President;
* Vice presidents;
* Bundestag members appointed by parliamentary groups in proportion to their size. There are twenty-three appointees in all, including parliamentary secretaries of each parliamentary group.
As one of six Organs of the Bundestag, the Council of Elders (under the Rules of Procedure) is tasked with managing the internal affairs of the Bundestag. It is the entity which determines daily legislative agenda items and assigning committee chairpersons based on party representation. The council also serves as an important forum for interparty negotiations on specific legislation and procedural issues.

## Mechanics

The Council of Elders performs two functions:
* Assist the President in the conduct of business and ensure the parliamentary groups reach an agreement;
* Making decisions on the internal affairs of the Bundestag, provides such activities are without the exclusive competence of the President.
At the beginning of each electoral term, the Council is to reach agreement on the distribution of committee (and deputy) chairs among parliamentary groups. The number, size of committees, as well as the system used to determine their composition, which is proportional to the relative strengths of the parliamentary groups, are decided ultimately by the Bundestag. As a rule, the Council's decisions are based on agreements reached among all the parliamentary groups in the House (cross-party agreements).
While the parliament is in session, the Council of Elders convene weekly at meetings chaired by the President of the Bundestag. A minister of state at the Federal Chancellery or some other representative of the Federal Government is usually in attendance at these meetings.

## Chair distribution

Until 1970, the relative strengths of the parliamentary groups were calculated using a process that favoured larger parties. This process, known as the d'Hondt method, was also used to calculate the outcome of federal elections until the Bundestag's tenth term in 1983.
Since then, a system that aims to ensure parity for minority parties has been adopted. In the ninth electoral term (1980), this system was refined by applying the Sainte-Laguë method (or Schepers method.) Using this method, the total number of Members of the Bundestag is divided by the number of members of each parliamentary group; the resulting number is then multiplied progressively by 0.5, 1.5, 2.5 and so on.
These newer calculations produce rank order numbers according to which the seats are then distributed: the first seat is allocated to the parliamentary group with the lowest rank order number, the second seat to the one with the next lowest rank order number, and so on.
# Acaricis urigersoni

Acaricis urigersoni is a species of mite.

## Distribution

The species is found in New Zealand.
# Sophie Vercruyssen

Sophie Vercruyssen (born 22 February 1992) is a Belgian bobsledder. She competed in the two-woman event at the 2018 Winter Olympics. She lives with her partner Lore Simons in Belgium.
# Eva Hegener

Eva Hegener (born 24 June 1961, in Cologne) is a German former field hockey player who competed in the 1988 Summer Olympics.
# Al-Masana'a

Al-Masana'a (Arabic: المصانع) is a sub-district located in Thula District, 'Amran Governorate, Yemen. Al-Masana'a had a population of 8488 according to the 2004 census.
# Manoa Kamikamica

Manoa Seru Nakausabaria Kamikamica is a Fijian politician and cabinet minister who has served as one of the Deputy Prime Ministers since 24 December 2022. He is also a member of the People's Alliance serving as deputy party leader.

## Early career and education

Kamikamica attended the University of New South Wales in 1989 and graduated with a BComm degree in Accounting and Information Systems. He joined Fiji Airways and worked as General Manager for Finance and Strategic Planning for 13 years. He then launched and ran the airline's domestic subsidiary, Fiji Link playing a lead role from the acquisition of Sunair.
In December 2016, Kamikamica was appointed the head of the ANZ Bank in Tonga. He previously served with ANZ Bank in Papua New Guinea for six years, starting off as Chief Financial Officer and then Associate Director in International Banking. Prior to entering politics, Kamikamica worked as Chief Financial Officer and General Manager at Lyndhurst Group of Companies.

## Political career

In April 2022, Kamikamica was appointed deputy party leader of the People's Alliance led by Sitiveni Rabuka. He ran for the 2022 Fijian general elections and was able to secure a seat. His party won 21 seats and formed a coalition government with the National Federation Party (NFP) and the Social Democratic Liberal Party (SODELPA). On 24 December 2022, he was appointed Deputy Prime Minister of Fiji and Minister for External Trade Cooperatives and SMEs.
On 20 January 2023 following Rabuka's two days state visit to Kiribati, Kamikamica was named Acting Prime Minister.
In January 2024, following the dismissal of Aseri Radrodro, SODELPA's management board discussed options to make Kamikamica Prime Minister, or to switch support to FijiFirst.
# Kazu Yuzuki

Kazu Yuzuki (Japanese: ユズキ カズ Yuzuki Kazu; 1954 – 10 September 2024) was a Japanese manga artist. Yuzuki died on 10 September 2024. He began his collaboration with the magazine Garo in 1981.

## Selected works

* Biwa no kinoshitade (2001)
* Mizumachi (2003)
# Operation Edelweiss (film)

Operation Edelweiss (German: Unternehmen Edelweiß) is a 1954 West German war film directed by Heinz Paul and starring Joachim Mock, Albert Hehn and Wolf Petersen. It was shot at the Göttingen Studios and on location in Switzerland. The film's sets were designed by the art directors Hans Kuhnert and Theo Zwierski.

## Cast

* Joachim Mock as Friederich
* Albert Hehn as Stefan Hallweger
* Wolf Petersen as Adelbert
* Walter Ladengast as Ignatz
* Jochen Blume as Paul Hübner
* Werner Werndorff as Werner Lobisser
* Gustl Gstettenbaur as Hardei
* Reinhard Kolldehoff as Erich
* Franz Muxeneder as Melchior
* Sepp Rist as Magnus Rasmussen
* Alice Graf as Silke Rasmussen
* Rolf von Nauckhoff as Eike Rasmussen
* Otto Reinwald
# Ivan Chtcheglov

Ivan Vladimirovitch Chtcheglov (Russian: Ива́н Влади́мирович Щегло́в; 16 January 1933 – 21 April 1998) was a French philosopher, political activist, and poet of Russian origin, best known as the ideologist of Unitary Urbanism and the author of the "Formulary for a New Urbanism", published under the pseudonym Gilles Ivain in 1953.

## Biography
### Family background

Ivan was the son of Vladimir Chtcheglov, a revolutionary sentenced to two years imprisonment following the 1905 Revolution. After his release, Vladimir left the Russian Empire with his wife Hélene Zavadsky. After originally staying in Belgium for three years, the couple moved to Paris in 1910, where Vladimir continued work as a taxi driver. He was active in the CGT and involved in the 1911 drivers strike.

### Activities

Ivan wrote Formulaire pour un urbanisme nouveau (Formulary for a New Urbanism) in 1953, at age nineteen under the name Gilles Ivain, which was an inspiration to the Lettrist International and Situationist International. The following quotation from the text was used as the inspiration for the famous Manchester nightclub, the Haçienda:
"And you, forgotten, your memories ravaged by all the consternations of two hemispheres, stranded in the Red Cellars of Pali-Kao, without music and without geography, no longer setting out for the hacienda where the roots think of the child and where the wine is finished off with fables from an old almanac. That’s all over. You’ll never see the hacienda. It doesn’t exist.
The hacienda must be built."
He and his friend Henry de Béarn planned to blow up the Eiffel Tower with some dynamite they had stolen from a nearby building site, because "its reflected light shone into their shared attic room and kept them awake at night." He was arrested at Les Cinq Billards on Rue Mouffetard in Paris and committed to a mental hospital by his wife, where he was subdued with insulin and shock therapy, and remained for 5 years. He died in 1998.
# Restaurante Arroyo

Restaurante Arroyo is the world's largest single Mexican restaurant, located in the Tlalpan area of Mexico City. The restaurant, which employs more than 1,000 people during its peak season, has seating for 2,200 patrons in nine dining rooms, and parking for 600 cars. It also features stages for musical performances, an array of wandering mariachi and jarocho bands, an infirmary, an area for hosting piñata parties, a cockfighting pit, a mechanical bull, and its own bullring.

## History and noted menu items

Restaurante Arroyo was founded by José Arroyo and Maréa Aguirre de Arroyo in 1940; their son and grandson still run it. Although its menu has expanded along with its size, its principal claim to gastronomic fame was and is its dishes featuring lamb and mutton, such as barbacoa de borrego (slow-roasted barbecue mutton) and consome de borrego, soup made from the drippings of the roasting lamb and sheep.
The restaurant has been featured on Rick Bayless' PBS cooking show, Mexico: One Plate at a Time. In My Last Supper: 50 Great Chefs and Their Final Meals: Portraits, Interviews, and Recipes, Bayless identified it as the restaurant in which he would choose to have his last meal.
In terms of size and number of diversions for diners, it is similar to the more famous Denver restaurant Casa Bonita.
On January 30, 2010, it hosted two world championship boxing fights: In one, former world champion Jorge Arce defeated noted contender Angky Angkota of Indonesia in a seven-round technical decision for the vacant World Boxing Organization's world bantamweight title; in the other, Jackie Nava defended the interim World Boxing Council's female world Super Bantamweight title with a ten-round unanimous decision victory over Chantal Martínez inside the restaurant area.
# Mohammad Qasem

Mohammad Qasem (Persian: محمlدقاسم, also Romanized as Moḩammad Qāsem; also known as Deh-e Moḩammad Qāsem) is a village in Jahanabad Rural District, in the Central District of Hirmand County, Sistan and Baluchestan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 678, in 108 families.
# Arthur Thost

Hermann Arthur Thost (9 June 1854, in Zwickau – 22 December 1937, in Hamburg) was a German physician and otolaryngologist.
He studied medicine at several universities in Europe, receiving his doctorate at Heidelberg University in 1879. After graduation, he remained in Heidelberg as an assistant to pathologist Nikolaus Friedreich. Later on, he was associated with the General Hospital in Eppendorf, then in 1919 was appointed an associate professor of otolaryngology at the newly established University of Hamburg. He was interested in local politics, being known for his advocacy of public medical insurance.
Along with dermatologist Paul Gerson Unna, the Unna-Thost syndrome is named, a rare hereditary disorder affecting the palms and soles. He described the disease in paper titled Über erbliche Ichtyosis palmaris et plantaris cornea (1880).

## Selected works

* Die Verengerungen der oberen Luftwege nach dem Luftröhrenschnitt und deren Behandlungm (1911, foreword by Hermann Kümmell) – The narrowing of the upper airways after tracheotomy and its treatment.
* Der normale und kranke kehlkopf des lebenden im Röntgenbild, 1913 – The normal and diseased larynx, etc.
* Verletzungen des Ohres durch Luftdruckschwankungen, 1928 – Injuries of the ear by air pressure fluctuations.
* Der einfache Schleimhautkatarrh der oberen Luftwege und seine Behandlung – Simple mucous membrane catarrh of the upper respiratory tract and its treatment.
# Yesud HaMa'ala

Yesud HaMa'ala (Hebrew: יְסוּד הַמַּעֲלָה) is a moshava and local council in northern Israel. The moshava was the first modern Jewish community in the Hula Valley. Built in 1883, the community was among a series of agricultural settlements founded during the First Aliyah. In 2022 it had a population of 1,798.

## Etymology

The name of the village was taken from a sentence in the Hebrew Bible: "He (Ezra) determined to go up." (Ezra 7:9), which was connected to the Zionist Aliyah.

## Geography

In the late 19th century, the Hulah Valley was mostly swampland and the 15,000 acre (61 km²) shallow Lake Hula. The region was a well-known breeding ground for mosquitoes, and as a result concerns about malaria restricted further Jewish settlement in the region for fifty years. As drainage technology and pesticide use increased in the 1920s, settlement in the area became more feasible.
After the 1948 Arab–Israeli War and the establishment of the state of Israel, the swamp was drained and converted into agricultural land. Recognizing the unique ecosystem of the valley and its importance as a stopover for migrating birds, scientists lobbied for a small portion of the swamp to remain as a nature reserve. In 1964, the 800 acre (3.2 km²) Hula Valley Nature Reserve, the country's first, was opened.

## History

Christian Zionist Laurence Oliphant donated 1,000 roubles to the founding settlers of Yesud Hama’Ala.
A census conducted in 1922 by the British Mandate authorities, recorded a population of 142 Jews. With the activation of the National Water Carrier in 1964, Syrian efforts to disrupt drainage patterns into the Sea of Galilee were accompanied by attacks against Israeli farming and fishing activities in the region. Three years later, Syrian forces were repelled further from Yesud HaMa'ala with the capture of the Golan Heights during the 1967 Six-Day War.
On 22 July 2006, a series of Katyusha attacks by Hezbollah struck communities in the Hulah Valley during the course of the 2006 Lebanon War. In Yesud HaMa’ala, one person was lightly wounded from rocket shrapnel. Prior to the bombings, the community had not seen any hostile attacks since the Six-Day War in 1967. On 29 July three rockets hit Yesud HaMa'ala, lightly wounding a woman and damaging property.

## Landmarks

Yesud HaMa'ala is home to the Dubrovin Farm, a museum commemorating the founders of the community, containing personal possessions and furniture from 19th century Russia. Part of the museum includes ruins of a synagogue dating between the 4th and 6th centuries, highlighting the historic Jewish claim to the region. Tel Hazor is very close, even closer than to Hatzor HaGlilit which is named after it (when Yesud HaMa'ala was founded the Tel was not excavated yet).
# Nikos Kazantzakis (municipality)

Nikos Kazantzakis (Greek: Νίκος Καζαντζάκης) is a former municipality in the Heraklion regional unit, Crete, Greece. Since the 2011 local government reform it is part of the municipality Archanes-Asterousia, of which it is a municipal unit. It was named after the writer Nikos Kazantzakis. The municipal unit has an area of 102.201 km$^2$ (39.460 sq mi). Population 6,065 (2021). The seat of the municipality was in Peza.
Heraklion International Airport has also been named after Nikos Kazantzakis.
# Laythi school

The Laythi school (Arabic: المذهب الليثي) was an 8th-century religious law school of Fiqh within Sunni Islam whose Imam was Al-Layth ibn Sa'd. One of known characteristics of al-Layth jurisprudence was his rejection towards Maliki usage of Madina custom as an independent source of law.

## History

Al-Layth ibn Sa'd was born in Egypt of Persian parentage in the year 716. After an extensive study of all the then-known areas of Islamic learning, al-Layth became Egypt's major scholar. He was a contemporary of both Imam Abu Hanifa and Imam Malik. He debated with the latter on various points of Fiqh, including his rejection of Malik's inclusion of the Medina custom as an independent source of Fiqh.

## Disappearance

Al-Layth's school disappeared shortly after his death in 791 for three key reasons. The first is that he neither compiled, dictated, nor instructed his followers to record his legal opinions and their proofs, so little remains from his school beyond a few references in early books of comparative Fiqh. The second reason is that Al-Layth had few students, none of whom became outstanding jurists, so the school was not popularized. The final reason is that Imam Al-Shafi'i settled in Egypt soon after Al-Layth's death, and so the Shafi'i school quickly displaced the Laythi school.
# Confession de minuit

Confession de minuit, written by Georges Duhamel in 1920, is the first volume in the five-part series Vie et aventures de Salavin. In 1950, this novel was included in the list of the Grand prix des Meilleurs romans du demi-siècle.

## Summary

The 30-year-old Louis Salavin lives in the Montagne Sainte-Geneviève quarter and works as a clerk in Paris. One morning, unable to control a strange impulse, he touches the earlobe of Mr Sureau, the chairman of his company. Shortly after this senseless act, Salavin loses his job and slowly becomes dispirited, apathetic, and disgusted with himself. He consequently stays in his room in the modest apartment, located in rue du Pot-de-Fer, which he shares with his mother, who is attentive and affectionate to him. Forcing himself to get off his couch, the only place which gives him shelter and enables him to converse about his condition, Salavin wanders about in the streets of Paris, sometimes to find a job, which would be unlikely, and other times to avoid his friends and his own thoughts. After six months of not working, his only real friend invites him for lunch on Christmas day. Beholding Octave's wife's armpit, Salavin is seized with a new sudden impulse. Tortured by the erotic fantasies this sight generates, he rushes out of his friend's house. In the evening, when he comes home, he must furthermore face his mother's suggestion of an arranged marriage with Marguerite, a seamstress who lives in the same building and whom he is quite fond of. Salavin definitely leaves his house and the life he has led until then and, late in the night, in a pub, confesses his strange story to the reader.
In Nouvelle rencontre de Salavin, a short story attached to the novel in a fable format, Salavin becomes almighty, capable of deciding his own destiny and that of the people around him. He overcomes his fate and fatalism, gaining a job and money, but his power leads him to despair and to suicide. Suddenly, he wakes up and realizes that it was all a dream; groggy with alcohol and fatigue, he had dozed off at the bistro table.

## Reception and influence

The critic Charles Du Bos (1882-1939) said of Confession de minuit that the "story is valuable for its familiar straightforwardness, similar to that of rustic furniture that craftsmen used to carve in wood, and where decoration seems to be the signature of a conscience in a good state.
Confession de minuit is considered one of the influences in Albert Camus's writing of The Fall in 1956.

## Film adaptation

In 1963, Pierre Granier-Deferre directed the movie Les Aventures de Salavin, with the subtitle La Confession de minuit, starring Maurice Biraud, Julien Carette, Mona Dol and Geneviève Fontanel. It was released the following year.

## Editions

* Mercure de France, Paris, 1920.
* Henri Jonquières & Cie, Paris, 1926 – illustration by Berthold Mahn.
* Vie et aventures de Salavin (omnibus edition), Paris, 2008, ISBN 978-2-258-07585-6.
# Janusz Zaorski

Janusz Zaorski (born 19 September 1947) is a Polish film director, scenarist and actor, representative of the cinema of moral anxiety (Polish: kino moralnego niepokoju), trend in Polish cinema. Zaorski has directed mainly psychological dramas, comedies and TV series.
Zaorski graduated National Film School in Łódź in 1969. He made his own individual film director debut in 1970. In 1987 Zaorski was selected as a chairman of the Polish Federation of Film Societies (Polska Federacja Dyskusyjnych Klubów Filmowych). He was also an art director of the Film Group "Dom" (since 1988), member of the Cinematography Committee (1987–1989), president of the Radio & Television Committee (1991–1992), president of The National Council of Radio Broadcasting and Television (Krajowa Rada Radiofonii i Telewizji; 1994–1995), member of the European Film Academy.

## Selected filmography
### Director

* Maestro (1967)
* Spowiedź (1968)
* Na dobranoc (1970)
* Uciec jak najbliżej (1971)
* Awans (1974)
* Zezem (1976) – TV series
* Zdjęcia próbne (1976)
* Pokój z widokiem na morze (1977)
* Dziecinne pytania (1981)
* Matka Królów (1982)
* Baryton (1984)
* Jezioro Bodeńskie (1985)
* Zabawa w chowanego (1985)
* Piłkarski poker (1988)
* Panny i wdowy (1991)
* Szczęśliwego Nowego Jorku (1997)
* Haker (2002)
* Cudownie ocalony (2004)
* Królewska ruletka (2004)
* Lekarz drzew (2005)

### Actor

* Palec boży (1972)
* Zdjęcia próbne (1976)
* Mniejsze niebo (1980)
* Piłkarski poker (1988)

### Writer

* Na dobranoc (1970)
* Pokój z widokiem na morze (1977)
* Zezem (1976) – TV series
* Jezioro Bodeńskie (1985)
* Szczęśliwego Nowego Jorku (1997)
* Haker (2002)
* Lekarz drzew (2005)

## Awards

Janusz Zaorski awards :
| Festival |||||
| Year | Nominated work | Award | Result | Note |
| 38th Berlin International Film Festival |||||
| 1988 | Matka Królów (1982) | FIPRESCI Prize - Honorable Mention | Won | |
| 1988 | Matka Królów (1982) | Silver Berlin Bear: Outstanding Single Achievement | Won | "For the mastery of visual language in the context of a tragic historic era." |
| 1988 | Matka Królów (1982) | Golden Berlin Bear | Nominated |
| Locarno International Film Festival |||||
| 1978 | Pokój z widokiem na morze (1977) | Silver Leopard | Won | |
| 1986 | Jezioro Bodeńskie (1985) | Golden Leopard | Won | |
| Polish Film Festival |||||
| 1975 | Awans (1974) | Special Jury Prize | Won | |
| 1985 | Baryton (1984) | Silver Lion | Won | Tied with Jestem przeciw (1985) and Cztery pory roku (1985). |
| 1987 | Matka Królów (1982) | Golden Lion | Won | |
| 1997 | Szczęśliwego Nowego Jorku (1997) | Best Director | Won | |