OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Southern Norway Exhibition

The Southern Norway Exhibition (Norwegian: Sørlandsutstillingen) is an annual traveling exhibition of Norwegian contemporary art. It is open to visual artists from Southern Norway (Vest-Agder and Aust-Agder counties) plus Telemark county.
The first Southern Norway Exhibition opened on January 4, 1969. The exhibition was set up at the initiative of the painters Bjørn Krogstad and Øyvind Brune in 1968. After making thorough preparations, they contacted the Kristiansand Art Association (Norwegian: Christianssands Kunstforening) and by May 1968 had arranged the rules for how the exhibition should be organized and carried out the following year. Among other accomplishments, Krogstad and Brune established an economic foundation for the exhibition by having it included in the budget of the Norway Arts Council.
According to the statute of the Southern Norway Exhibition, the exhibition's founders are the following:
* The Telemark Visual Artists Association (Billedkunstnere i Telemark, BiT)
* The Agder Norwegian Visual Artists Association (Norske Billedkunstnere Agder, NBK-A)
* The Skien Art Association (Skiens Kunstforening)
* The Arendal Art Association (Arendal Kunstforening)
* The Kristiansand Art Association (Christianssands Kunstforening)
Other regional exhibitions are the Eastern Norway Exhibition (Østlandsutstillingen), the Central Norway Exhibition (Den midtnorske kunstutstilling), the Western Norway Exhibition (Vestlandsutstillingen), and the Northern Norway Exhibition (Den Nord-Norske Kunstutstilling). These play a strong role in Norway's artistic milieu alongside the annual nationwide Autumn Exhibition in Oslo.
# Ancylus fluviatilis

The river limpet (Ancylus fluviatilis) is a species of very small, freshwater, air-breathing limpet, an aquatic pulmonate gastropod mollusk in the tribe Ancylini within the family Planorbidae, the ram's horn snails and their allies.

## Description

The 5–8 mm. limpet-like shell has a backwardly directed, conical apex. The shell shape is higher than Acroloxus and Ferrissia. The apex is blunt when seen from above, but appears more pointed from the side. The shell is bent backwards and very weakly to the right side. It is thin and translucent, with reticulate sculpture and fine growth lines. In colour it is light yellowish to reddish brown or dull pale brown. The animal is grey with black dots near the head and almost entirely covered by the shell. The tentacles are triangular with eyes at their base. The genital pore and pneumostome are very small and located at the right side.

## Distribution

The distribution type is Eurosiberian Southern-temperate (the delimitation of various southern and eastern forms which may be given independent species status is not yet understood).
This species occurs in northern, western and central Europe in the following areas:
* Great Britain and Ireland
* Czech Republic
* Germany
* Netherlands
* Poland
* Slovakia
* France
* for other areas see Fauna Europaea.
* not found in the north of Norway, southern Sweden, Finland
In large parts of the Mediterranean area (Iberian Peninsula, Italy, etc.) there are marked forms which according to molecular genetics are so far not named as separate species. Such forms are also found in northeastern Africa (coastal areas of Morocco to Tunisia, Hoggar Mountains in Algeria), as well as in the Highlands up to 2240 m above sea level in Ethiopia. It was found in Saudi Arabia (Brown and Wright 1980, Neubert 1998) and Yemen (Al-Safadi 1990) and in Caucasus (Armenia), but it is not known in the Afrotropical region.

## Habitat

This freshwater limpet is a rheophile, which lives in oxygen-rich fast-running waters and also in karst springs. It does not occur in waters which freeze in winter. They need a hard substrate with suitable (not too low and not too rich) algae growth, which is why they are frequent in fresh water in Central Europe especially in rivers and streams. In North America and Western Europe they also occur in lakes. In contrast to many other freshwater snails, the animals tolerate a base-poor acidic environment. Southern European, North African and Middle East representative of the species group can survive exposure due to low water levels, to a certain extent, by forming a protective layer on the underside of the shell. In Central European forms, this is possible only to a limited extent, but they may survive low water levels by adhering firmly on the stone surface.
# Hispar Pass

Hispar Pass or Hispar La (Urdu: درہ ہسپر; ) (el. 5,128 m/16,824 ft) is a high-altitude, non-technical mountain pass in the Karakoram Range in Nagar District, Pakistan.
At the pass, the Biafo Glacier (63 km long) and Hispar Glacier (49 km long) meet to form the world's longest glacial traverse outside of the polar regions, 100 kilometers in length.
# Montgradail

Montgradail (French pronunciation: ; Occitan: Montgradalh) is a commune in the Aude department in southern France.

## Places and monuments

On a house to the right of the church, there is a nice sundial dating back to 1685.
# Licia Ronzulli

Licia Ronzulli (born 14 September 1975) is an Italian politician and a former MEP who represented The People of Freedom party and New Forza Italia party between 2009 and 2014. She won a seat in the 2009 European Parliament election. She was Vice Chair of the Delegation to the ACP-EU Joint Parliamentary Assembly and a member of the Employment and Social Affairs committee.
Ronzulli is known for being the logistic organiser of Silvio Berlusconi's parties, known in the press as Bunga bunga parties. During her tenure as MEP, she took her daughter, Vittoria, to the European Parliament plenary sessions in Strasbourg. Prior to becoming an MEP, she was a nurse in Milan.

## Biography

Born in Milan the daughter of a carabiniere of Apulian origins, Ronzulli began her career working as a nurse in a hospital. In 2003, she became nurses’ coordinator at the IRCCS Galeazzi hospital of Milan, in Italy. Since 2005 she has been a volunteer of the non-profit organization Progetto Sorriso Nel Mondo, with which she travels to Bangladesh every year together with a surgical team specialized in the care of malformed children.
From 29 April 2015 to 13 January 2017, she was a member of the Board of Directors of Fiera di Milano SpA, as Vice President and Independent Director.
During the 2008 Italian general election, she was nominated for The People of Freedom party in the district of Marche. When she was a candidate in the 2009 European elections, Licia Ronzulli was elected in the northwest of Italy with 40,016 votes. She joined the European People Party and became a member of the commission for Employment and Social Affairs and member of the Delegation for Relations with South Asia, as well as a substitute member of the Commission of Women Rights and Gender Equality and the Subcommittee on Human Rights. On 16 September 2009 she was elected Vice-Chairman of the Parliamentary Joint Africa-Caribbean-Pacific-UE Assembly, which has the express purpose of promoting human rights and democracy. She has also been involved with Progetto Sorriso nel Mondo (Smile Project in the World) as a volunteer. So far, Licia Ronzulli has presented over a hundred questions to the European Commission dealing with themes such as combating the spread of serious diseases in the European Union.
In the 2018 Italian general election, Ronzulli was elected to the Senate of the Republic, representing the constituency of Cantù.

## Personal life

Ronzulli has a daughter, Vittoria, born in Milan on August 10, 2010 from the union with Renato Cerioli, manager and president of Confindustria Monza and Brianza. Two years later the couple separated. On 22 September 2010, Ronzulli took her 44-day-old daughter, Vittoria, to a plenary session of the European Parliament.
The French magazine Madame le Figaro placed her in 3rd place on its list of most influential women of 2010.
# Fritz Weigert

Fritz Weigert (18 September 1876 – 13 April 1947) was a German physical chemist. Weigert has made major contributions in the field of photochemistry. He was born in Berlin. He was the nephew of both Karl Weigert and Paul Ehrlich. He was married to Margarete Behmer. Around 1908, he began teaching and conducting research at Berlin University - after studying there. He was a photochemistry professor at Leipzig University from 1914 until being, like other Jewish scientists, forced out by the Nazis in 1934. On January 1, 1935, he immigrated to England and in 1936 was director of the Physiochemical Department of the Cancer Research Institute at Mount Vernon Hospital, Northwood.
He elucidated the metabolism of the carcinogenic hydrocarbon 3,4-benzpyrene by fluorescence spectroscopy.

## Works

* (1901) About the sulfurized dibutolactone, Reports of the German Chemical Society
* (1903), Ueber organische Synthesen mittels Kohlenoxysulfid. Ber. Dtsch. Chem. Ges., 36: 1007–1013. doi:10.1002/cber.190303601208
* (1905) About reversible photochemical reactions in the homogeneous system
* (1908) About Chemical Light Effects
* (1911), Die chemischen Wirkungen des Lichts (The Chemical Effects of Light)
* (1913) About the activation of oxygen by radiation, Reports of the German Chemical Society
* (1919), A new effect of radiation in photosensitive layers
* (1916), Über Absorptionsspektren und über eine einfache Methode zu ihrer quantitativen Bestimmung. Ber. Dtsch. Chem. Ges., 49: 1496–1532. doi:10.1002/cber.191604901176
* (1917) About real photochemical processes. Zeitschrift für Physikalische Chemie, Volume 130U, Issue 1, Pages 607–615, ISSN (Online) 2196–7156, ISSN (Print) 0942–9352, doi: 10.1515/zpch-1927-13065.
* (1920), Über die spezifische Wirkung der polarisierten Strahlung. Ann. Phys., 368: 681–725. doi:10.1002/andp.19203682402
* (1921) Weigert, F. Pflügers Arch. 190: 177. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01723387
* (1921) Weigert, F. Z. Physik. Über einen neuen Effekt der Strahlung 5: 410. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01327678
* (1923) On the photochemistry of chlorine. Journal of Physical Chemistry
* (1924) About the polarization state of the resonance radiation and about its influence by weak magnetic fields. Polarisierte Fluoreszenz in Farbstofflösungen Zeitschrift für Physik, Volume 25, Number 1, Page 99-117
* (1927) Optische Methoden der Chemie (Optical Methods of Chemistry)
* (1927) About the mechanism of photochemical polymerization of anthracene. Natural Sciences
* (1929) Photochemical to the theory of color vision. Zeitschrift für Physikalische Chemie, Volume 3B, Issue 1, Pages 377–388, ISSN (Online) 2196–7156, ISSN (Print) 0942–9352, doi: /10.1515/zpch-1929-0328.
* (1929) About monochromatic light filters.
* (1930) Color-ability, a new property of the latent photographic image. Natural Sciences
* (1933) The Colloid Chemistry of Photoanisotrophy
* (1940) Photochemical Studies on Color Vision
* Berenblum and Halban, in: Nature, no. 159 (1947), 733.
# Siah Dar-e Olya

Siah Dar-e Olya (Persian: سياهدرعليا, also Romanized as Sīāh Dar-e ‘Olyā) is a village in Mir Deh Rural District, in the Central District of Saqqez County, Kurdistan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 348, in 68 families. The village is populated by Kurds.
# Homaira Nakhat Dastgirzada

Homaira Nakhat Dastgirzada (Persian:حمیرا نکهت دستگیرزاده) (17 May 1960 - 4 September 2020), best known as Nakhat, was a well known Afghan poet. She wrote numerous pieces of Persian literature that were "very lyrical, with a lot of imagery." Dastgirzada was nicknamed the Blue Poet of Afghanistan (شاعر آبی افغانستان)

## Biography

Homaira Nakhat Dastgirzada was born at Masturat Hospital in Kabul. Her mother was from Herat, a traditionally popular city of Persian literature. Dastgirzada started writing poems aged twelve, which would later be published in magazines. She would eventually produce literary and artistic programs for Afghan National Radio and Television in 1983. She achieved a doctorate in Persian literature at the University of Sofia, Bulgaria. She played a key role in establishing literary program to students in universities and schools in Kabul, and was a well known public figure.
She married in 1982 and has two children, Hariwa and Hajir. After the hardline Taliban took power in Afghanistan in 1996, Dastgirzada secretly set up a women's poetry club in Kabul. She moved to the Netherlands in 1999, where she settled with her family in the city of Utrecht and co-founded the Association of Afghan Writers and Poets in Exile with other Dutch Afghan artists.

## Poetry style

Her poems were written mostly in the form of lyric poetry, specifically Persian ghazal. Although they were deep about pain and sorrow, the main theme remained hope. They were about various topics including social issues, injustice, motherhood, nostalgia of Afghanistan, and new found discoveries in the Netherlands. A number of her works have been translated and published into Dutch.
Many of her works also broke taboos and gave energy to Afghan women and poets.

## Death

Dastgirzada died from cancer on 4 September 2020. Four days later, her funeral was held in Utrecht attended by 200 people. Then-President of Afghanistan, Ashraf Ghani, called her death an " irreparable loss to the cultural and literary community."
   She loved to talk about literature and poetry for hours, even when she was already ill. Then when we asked, 'Don't you sleep,' she said, 'Someday we will sleep very long and very deeply. Let's enjoy this moment now.'

## Published works

Fifteen collections of poetry were published (one posthumously).
A list of selected published works by Dastgirzada:
* Blue shatt of liberation برخی از آثار چاپ‌شده او: شط آبی رهایی (1990)
* Strange song of exile غزل غریب غربت (2003)
* Around fire and regret به دور آتش و دریغ (2004)
* The displaced sun آفتاب آواره (2009)
* Nothing can be said in 50 years هیچ نتوان گفت در ۵۰ سال (2011)
* The bright alleys of the Netherlands کوچه های روشن ماه هالند (2011)
* Bitter in the fire تلخ در آتش (2012)
* White dawn ازسپیده لبریز (2013)
* Fantasy butterflies (2014) هستند
* Freedom
* The city is lonely
# Sarab Sorkheh Ahmadabad

Sarab Sorkheh Ahmadabad (Persian: سراب سرخه احمداباد, also Romanized as Sarāb Sorkheh Aḩmadābād; also known as Aḩmadābād) is a village in Qaleh-ye Mozaffari Rural District, in the Central District of Selseleh County, Lorestan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 264, in 55 families.
# Dast-e Ney

Dast-e Ney (Persian: دست ني) is a village in Emamzadeh Seyyed Mahmud Rural District, Sardasht District, Dezful County, Khuzestan Province, Iran. In a 2006 census, its population was 41, in 6 families.
# Kruszewo, Żuromin County

Kruszewo is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Żuromin, within Żuromin County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately 5 kilometres (3 mi) south-west of Żuromin and 120 km (75 mi) north-west of Warsaw.
# Antonio De Poli

Antonio De Poli (born 4 October 1960 in Vicenza) is an Italian politician and former Member of the European Parliament for North-East with the Union of Christian and Centre Democrats, part of the European People's Party. In the EP he was vice-chair of the European Parliament's Committee on Fisheries and its Committee on Employment and Social Affairs.
He is also a member of the Delegation for relations with Canada and a substitute for the Delegation for relations with the United States.

## Biography

Antonio De Poli was born on 4 October 1960 in Vicenza and he took a high school certificate in technical subjects. He worked as employee at the State Railways, then he served as Mayor of Carmignano di Brenta from 1990 to 1995, as regional councillor of Veneto from 1995 to 2000 and as regional assessor for Social Policies from 2000 to 2004. He was elected MEP in the 2004 European Parliament election with the Union of Christian and Centre Democrats. After the 2005 Venetian regional election he resigned as MEP to become again regional assessor for Social Policies. In the 2006 Italian general election he was elected to the Senate for the Republic, while in the 2008 Italian general election he was elected to the Chamber of Deputies. In the 2013 Italian general election he was again elected Senator into the centrist list With Monti for Italy.
On 20 December 2016 Antonio De Poli has been appointed President of the Union of the Centre.
# National Route 10 (Costa Rica)

National Primary Route 10, or just Route 10 (Spanish: Ruta Nacional Primaria 10, or Ruta 10) is a National Road Route of Costa Rica, located in the Cartago, Limón provinces.

## Description

In Cartago province the route covers Cartago canton (Oriental, Occidental, San Nicolás, Guadalupe, Dulce Nombre districts), Paraíso canton (Paraíso, Santiago, Llanos de Santa Lucía, Birrisito districts), Jiménez canton (Juan Viñas district), Turrialba canton (Turrialba, Pavones, Tres Equis districts), Alvarado canton (Cervantes, Capellades districts), Oreamuno canton (San Rafael district).
In Limón province the route covers Siquirres canton (Siquirres district).
# Vladimir Lanyugin

Vladimir Lanyugin (21 December 1948 – 11 October 2016) was a Russian equestrian. He competed in two events at the 1972 Summer Olympics.
# Flaujagues

Flaujagues (French pronunciation:; Occitan: Flaujagas) is a commune in the Gironde department in Nouvelle-Aquitaine in southwestern France.
# Apophyge

An apophyge (Greek Ancient Greek: ἀποφυγή, a flying off), in architecture, is the lowest part of the shaft of an Ionic or Corinthian column, or the highest member of its base if the column be considered as a whole. The apophyge is the inverted cavetto or concave sweep, on the upper edge of which the diminishing shaft rests.
It is, in effect, a curved join between the column shaft and the slightly larger section of the column to which the shaft joins. It bridges the two radii to avoid a sharp change. This was likely done to avoid cracking of the marble in ancient structures.
The apophyge superior is the joining to the capital, while the apophyge inferior is the joining to the base.
# Przecław of Pogorzela

Przecław of Pogorzela (Polish: Przecław z Pogorzeli; 5 March 1310 – 6 April 1376 in Otmuchów) was a Cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church and Bishop of Wrocław and Duke of Nysa from 1342–1376.
Przecław of Pogorzela was born in 1310 into a noble family in the Duchy of Brześc. By April 1329 he was Canon of Wrocław. In 1336 he visited Bologna to study. On 5 May 1341, he was elected Bishop of Wrocław, but due to the opposition of the Archbishop of Gniezno, Janisław, he had to personally go to Avignon for Papal approval, which was confirmed on 28 January 1342.
A tireless builder, he oversaw the completion of Wroclaw Cathedral, built the Church of St. Stanislaus and Dorothy, the chapel of St. Mary's Church and Joseph's Hospital in Nysa. He also founded Carmelite, Carthusian, Augustinian and Benedictine monasteries. He introduced the feast of St. Jadwiga and also had audiences with Emperor Charles IV of Luxembourg and King Casimir III the Great. In 1348, he purchased the castle of Jánský vrch from Bolko II of Świdnica, and turned it into the palace of the prince-bishops of Wrocław.
He died on the night of 5-6 April 1376 in Otmuchów, and was buried in the chapel of St. Mary's Church, Wrocław Cathedral, in a marble sarcophagus. His time has been considered a "golden age" of the bishopric of Wrocław.

## Footnotes

* ↑ Bishops of Wroclaw at GCatholic.org.
* 1 2 Przecław z Pogorzeli
# Pouyastruc

Pouyastruc (French pronunciation:; Occitan: Poiastruc) is a commune in the Hautes-Pyrénées department in south-western France.
# Coursan

Coursan (French pronunciation: ; Occitan: Corçan) is a commune in the Aude department in southern France. Coursan station has rail connections to Narbonne, Béziers and Montpellier.
It is 7 km from Narbonne on the river Aude. There is a bridge built in the fifteenth century, over which passes the RN9 road. The town has a church from the same period which is in the course of being restored.
Composer Henry Fourès was born in Coursan (17 May 1948)

## Population

| Year | Pop. | ±% p.a. |
| 1793 | 1,440 | — |
| 1800 | 1,436 | −0.04% |
| 1806 | 1,414 | −0.26% |
| 1821 | 1,630 | +0.95% |
| 1831 | 1,761 | +0.78% |
| 1836 | 1,850 | +0.99% |
| 1841 | 2,022 | +1.79% |
| 1846 | 2,040 | +0.18% |
| 1851 | 2,172 | +1.26% |
| 1856 | 2,231 | +0.54% |
| 1861 | 2,154 | −0.70% |
| 1866 | 2,477 | +2.83% |
| 1872 | 2,538 | +0.41% |
| 1876 | 2,709 | +1.64% |
| 1881 | 3,458 | +5.00% |
| 1886 | 3,786 | +1.83% |
| 1891 | 3,847 | +0.32% |
| 1896 | 3,767 | −0.42% |
| Year | Pop. | ±% p.a. |
| 1901 | 3,829 | +0.33% |
| 1906 | 3,802 | −0.14% |
| 1911 | 3,793 | −0.05% |
| 1921 | 4,121 | +0.83% |
| 1926 | 4,273 | +0.73% |
| 1931 | 4,438 | +0.76% |
| 1936 | 3,589 | −4.16% |
| 1946 | 3,271 | −0.92% |
| 1954 | 3,228 | −0.17% |
| 1962 | 3,212 | −0.06% |
| 1968 | 3,366 | +0.78% |
| 1975 | 3,334 | −0.14% |
| 1982 | 4,021 | +2.71% |
| 1990 | 5,137 | +3.11% |
| 1999 | 5,241 | +0.22% |
| 2007 | 6,166 | +2.05% |
| 2012 | 6,056 | −0.36% |
| 2017 | 5,908 | −0.49% |
Source: EHESS and INSEE (1968-2017) :
# Vladimir Mikheyev

Vladimir Mikheyev (born 7 February 1957) is a Russian former swimmer. He competed in two events at the 1976 Summer Olympics for the Soviet Union.
# Tendla

Tendla (also Tinedla or Tenedla) (Arabic: تندلة) is a town and commune in Djamaa District, El M'Ghair Province, Algeria. According to the 2008 census it has a population of 9,193, up from 8,033 in 1998, with an annual growth rate of 1.4%, the second-lowest in the province.

## Climate

Tendla has a hot desert climate (Köppen climate classification BWh), with very hot summers and mild winters. Rainfall is light and sporadic, and summers are particularly dry.

## Transportation

Tendla is at the eastern end of the regional road W303, which connects it to the N3 7 kilometres (4.3 mi) to the west. From there the N3 leads north to Biskra and south to Touggourt.

## Education

Among the residents, 3.4% of the population has a tertiary education, and another 13.6% has completed secondary education. The overall literacy rate is 73.8%, and is 81.5% among males and 66.2% among females.

## Localities

The commune of Tendla is composed of two localities:
* Tendla
* Arfiane El Bared
# The Sinner's Redemption

"The Sinner's Redemption", also known as "All You That are to Mirth Inclined" is an English Christmas carol originating in the 1600s. The carol is about the Nativity of Jesus. It is not known when "The Sinner's Redemption" was first created, though it was mentioned as having been sung in the 1630s in a broadside newspaper and was regularly reprinted by them.

## Background

Professor Peter Davidson of Oxford University claimed that the carol was written by Anna Alcox in the 1650s, but her name was not attributed to it as she was from a family of Catholic recusants; she was also six years old at the time of writing and was under the age of legal responsibility.
The oldest written copy of the carol was found in 1709 under the title "The Sinner's Redemption, The Nativity of our Lord & Saviour Jesus Christ, With His Life on Earth, and Precious Death on the Cross", in an undated collection by Thomas Deloney. In 1861, in his "A Garland of Christmas Carols", John Camden Hotten called it "this rude old carol" and stated it was a favourite of the peasantry. He also noted the regular reprints by broadsides.

## Contents

The 1709 copy of the carol has 28 verses, but the last 12 would often be omitted. The word "mirth" used in the carol was intended to represent Christian religious joy in celebrating the birth of Jesus rather than "boisterous merriment". "The Sinner's Redemption" was also viewed to have inspired the Irish "Wexford Carol", as five of the six verses of the latter carol were based on "The Sinner's Redemption". The carol was later adapted for formal congregational singing by Ralph Vaughan Williams in the Oxford Book of Carols.