OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Baie de Seine

The Baie de Seine (French pronunciation:, Bay of the Seine River) is a bay in northern France.

## Geography

It is a wide, rectangular inlet of the English Channel, approximately 100 kilometres (east-west) by 45 kilometres, bounded in the west by the Cotentin Peninsula, in the south by the Normandy coast and in the east by the estuary of the river Seine at Le Havre. The coast alternates between sandy beaches and rocky promontories and, in general, it offers little shelter for shipping. At the western end of the bay are the Îles Saint-Marcouf.

## Economy

Le Havre is the major port of the region; there are minor harbours at Barfleur, Port-en-Bessin, Courseulles-sur-Mer, Langrune-sur-Mer, Ouistreham, Trouville-sur-Mer and Honfleur.
Domestic and foreign tourists visit the coast, given its World War II associations, sandy beaches and proximity to Paris. There are coastal resorts at Arromanches, Deauville, Cabourg, Houlgate, Villers-sur-Mer, Trouville-sur-Mer and Honfleur.

## History

The Battles of Barfleur and La Hogue were naval battles fought off Barfleur and Saint-Vaast-la-Hougue in the 17th century.
The Normandy coast was the location, during World War II, of the main Allied landings in France; the unavailability of significant harbours caused the Allies to construct artificial harbours (Mulberries) at Arromanches and Omaha Beach. There are remains of these harbours at Arromanches.
# Gol Darreh, Delfan

Gol Darreh (Persian: گلدره) is a village in Kakavand-e Gharbi Rural District, Kakavand District, Delfan County, Lorestan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 41, in 8 families.
# Ukrainians in Armenia

Ukrainians in Armenia (Armenian: Ուկրաինացիները Հայաստանում, romanized: Ukrainats'inery Hayastanum; Ukrainian: Українці Вірменії, romanized: Ukrayintsi Virmeniyi) are people of full or partial ethnic Ukrainian origin who live in Armenia.

## Origins

The first Ukrainians in Armenia came in the mid 19th century after the migration to Transcaucasia by “the Cossacks from Minor Russia” to seal the Empire’s southern borders. The main activity of the migrants was agriculture and livestock.

## Statistics

According to 2011 census there were 1176 Ukrainians in Armenia, 606 of whom reported Ukrainian as their mother tongue. Ukrainians are fifth-largest ethnic minority in Armenia. According to election code of Armenia parliament seats are reserved to four largest ethnic minorities.
According to 2001 census there were 1633 Ukrainians in Armenia.
According to 1989 census, there were 8.3 thousand Ukrainians in Armenia.

## Notable Armenian Ukrainians

* Roman Berezovsky, football coach, born in Yerevan
* Yuriy Koval, football coach and former player, born in Dilijan
* Anatoly Zinevich, Armenian general of Ukrainian origin

## Ukrainian community organisations

* Federation of Ukrainians of Armenia "Ukraine" (Ukrainian: Федерація Українців Вірменії «УКРАЇНА»), which publishes a Ukrainian-Armenian language newspaper Dnipro-Slavutych (Ukrainian: "Дніпро-Славутич").
* Vocal and dance ensembles: "Dnipro", "Dzvinochok", "Verbychenka", "Malyatko"
* "Ukraina" Benevolent Fund
# Real estate in Italy

Italy has always been a country rich in real estate, in particular, luxury property.

## History

During the centuries, Italy, for mild climate and for the great variety of climatic environments, offered the perfect place for the construction of luxury real estate and of great artistic and cultural value.

### Roman Empire

The first historical examples of luxury houses or luxury villas, are from the period of the Roman Empire. In particular, the villas of Roman Emperors, represented the quintessential luxury. Today some are protected as Heritage archaeological of inestimable value and as UNESCO World Heritage Site, as, for example, Hadrian's Villa.
At Capri, the Roman Emperor Tiberius had built 12 villas. The archaeological remains are scattered throughout the island, but they are, however, only 3 villas that have preserved the original structure still visible: Villa Jovis, Villa Damecuta and Palazzo a Mare.

### Luxury Real Estate

The word itself luxury derived from the Latin luxus, and associated with real estate, indicates today in Italy, a category of properties of particular value and of high historical and artistic value.

### Middle Ages

The dissolution of the Western Roman Empire brings in Italy the creation of many barbarian kingdoms, as, for example, Kingdom of the Lombards, that evolved over the centuries in feudal lordships. During this period were built the medieval villages with fortified walls and towers. Because of widespread fragmentation in kingdoms and feudal lords, often at war with each other, were built castles and fortresses, often embedded in medieval villages. Today some are protected as Heritage of inestimable value and as UNESCO World Heritage Site, as, for example, The "Historic Centre of San Gimignano", in Tuscany.
# Hapoel Ihud Bnei Sumei F.C.

Hapoel Ihud Bnei Sumei (Hebrew: הפועל איחוד בני סמיע) is an Israeli football club based in Kisra-Sumei. The club is currently in Liga Bet North A division.

## History

The club was founded in 1971 as Hapoel Kafr Sumei and played mostly in the lower divisions of Israeli football. In the early 2000s, they started a period of success after they finished runners-up in Liga Bet North A division at the 1999–2000 season and were promoted to Liga Alef as the best runners-up in Liga Bet North divisions. two seasons later, at the 2001–02 season, they won Liga Alef North division and were promoted to Liga Artzit, the third tier of Israeli football at the time. However, their spell in Liga Artzit lasted one season, as they finished second bottom at the 2002–03 season and relegated back to Liga Alef. The club dropped to Liga Bet at the end of the 2006–07 season, after falling in the Relegation play-offs to Ironi Tiberias, which were promoted to Liga Alef.
In 2010, Hapoel merged with Maccabi Kafr Sumei (which was founded in the early 1990s) to create Hapoel Ihud Bnei Sumei. Since the merger agreement was reached after the deadline in which merger requests may be submitted to the Israel Football Association, the merged club continued to play under Hapoel, whilst Maccabi was handed to the management of Liga Gimel club, Bnei Nahf, and eventually withdrew from the league during the season. Hapoel Ihud Bnei Sumei finished the 2010–11 season in Liga Bet North A as runners-up and qualified for the Promotion play-offs, where they lost in the first round to Ironi Bnei Kabul.

## Honours
### League

| Honour | No. | Years |
| Fourth tier | 1 | 2001–02$^1$ |
| Fifth tier | 1 | 1981–82$^1$ |
$^1$Achieved by Hapoel Kafr Sumei
# Molgula oculata

Molgula oculata, commonly known as the sea grape, is a species of solitary tunicate in the family Molgulidae. It is native to the north eastern Atlantic Ocean and the North Sea. The specific name oculata means "having eyes"; the species has orifices which "seem like dark eyes within a spectacle-formed frame".

## Description

Molgula oculata is nearly spherical in shape and is about 2 to 3 in (5 to 8 cm) in diameter. It has a sac-like body with a leathery covering known as its tunic, with two siphons on the upper surface. Water is drawn into the body cavity through a six-lobed oral siphon and expelled through a four-lobed atrial siphon. The oral siphon is surrounded by a ring of branched tentacles, the function of which is to prevent large particles being drawn into the pharynx with the water current. This tunicate is very well camouflaged. It is a sandy brown colour and is partially buried in the sediment on the seabed with the two siphons projecting. Sand grains and shell fragments adhere to its tunic, completely covering the surface apart from a small area in the immediate vicinity of the siphons. This bare patch helps to distinguish it from the closely related Molgula occulta which is completely coated in particles.

## Distribution and habitat

Molgula oculata is found in the north eastern Atlantic Ocean and North Sea. Its range extends from Norway and the Shetland Islands southwards to the Bay of Biscay. It is found unattached but nearly submerged in the sandy or gravelly seabed with only its siphons protruding. It occurs from low tide level down to depths of 80 metres (260 ft).

## Biology

Molgula oculata is a suspension feeder, filtering planktonic particles and bacteria from the water which is pumped continually through its body. Like other tunicates, it is a hermaphrodite and at breeding time, sperm and eggs are liberated into the sea where fertilisation takes place. The larva of a tunicate is known as a tadpole larva because of its resemblance to an amphibian tadpole. It has such chordate characteristics as a notochord and a primitive nerve system, and also has a tail with which it can swim. At metamorphosis, it attaches itself to a hard surface with a sucker, the tissues are extensively reorganised and it loses all these features. The closely related species Molgula occulta does not have a tail (occulta means "tailless"). Nor does it have an otolith, a sensory organ connected with balance, which the former possesses. In the laboratory, the two have been hybridised and it was found that the larval offspring of the occulta x oculata hybrid possessed a half length tail and an otolith. The researchers hypothesized that both species were descended from a common ancestral line but that at some stage, M. occulta had lost part of its genome.
# Hirske coal mine

The Hirske coal mine (Ukrainian: Шахта «Гірська») is a large coal mine located in the south-east of Ukraine in Hirske, Luhansk Oblast. Hirske represents one of the largest coal reserves in Ukraine having estimated reserves of 46.5 million tonnes. The annual coal production is around 320,000 tonnes.
In 1980, 66 miners and two rescue workers died in an accident at the Hirske mine.
# Eggingen

Eggingen is a municipality in the district of Waldshut in Baden-Württemberg in Germany. There is an international border crossing to the village of Wunderklingen in the neighbouring canton of Schaffhausen in Switzerland.
# Rickenbach, Baden-Württemberg

Rickenbach is a town in the district of Waldshut in Baden-Württemberg in Germany.
# Maccabi Ramat Amidar F.C.

Maccabi Ramat Amidar (Hebrew: מכבי רמת עמידר) was an Israeli football club based in Ramat Gan. The club spent several seasons in the top division in the late 1970s and early 1980s, but in 2005 merged into Hakoah Ramat Gan, which became Hakoah Amidar Maccabi Ramat Gan.

## History

The club was founded in 1957 and started in Liga Gimel. After two seasons at the bottom tier, the club was promoted to Liga Bet, as the third tier was expanded to 64 teams. In the 1962–63 season, the club finished runners-up in Liga Bet South A division and was promoted to Liga Alef. After eleven seasons playing in the second tier, including four successive runners-up finishes in 1965–66, 1966–68, 1968–69 and 1969–70, the club won Liga Alef South division in the 1974–75 season and was promoted to Liga Leumit (then the top division) for the first time in their history. However, in their first season in the league, they finished bottom and were relegated back to the second tier. In 1978–79 they finished as runners-up to Hakoah Ramat Gan and were promoted again. After an 11th-placed finish in 1979–80 (a season in which they reached the cup final for the first (and only) time, losing 4–1 to Hapoel Kfar Saba), they finished second from bottom in 1980–81 and were relegated back to Liga Artzit.
At the end of the 1982–83 season they finished third in Liga Artzit and were promoted back to the top division. However, they were relegated again at the end of the following season. At the 1990–91 season the club had been relegated into the third tier, and due to league restructuring, dropped into the fourth tier in 1999.
In the 2001–02 season, they won the South Division of Liga Alef to return to the third division. The following season they finished third, a place below the promotion positions. At the end of the 2004–05 season the club left the league and merged into Hakoah Ramat Gan.

## Notable players

* Eli Cohen (born 1951)
* Vicky Peretz (1953–2021), international footballer

## Notable managers

* Eli Cohen (born 1951)
# Pericardial sinus

The pericardial sinuses are impressions in the pericardial sac formed between the points where great vessels enter it.

## Structure

There are three pericardial sinuses: superior, transverse and oblique.
* The superior sinus is anterior to the ascending aorta and the pulmonary trunk. It cannot be assessed in electrophysiology procedures.
* The oblique sinus is an inverted J-shaped reflection of the venae cavae and pulmonary veins. It lies behind the atria (particularly the left atrium), and in between left and right pulmonary veins.
* The transverse sinus is the tunnel-shaped passage posterior to the aorta and pulmonary trunk, and anterior to the superior vena cava. This sinus is clinically important because passing one end of clamp through the sinus, and the other end anterior to the aorta/pulmonary trunk will allow complete blockage of blood output. This is performed during some heart surgeries.

## Clinical significance

During pericardial effusion, fluid may build up in the pericardial sinuses. This may be diagnosed with transoesophageal echocardiography.
# Château de Grégy

The Château de Grègy is a château in Évry-Grégy-sur-Yerre, Seine-et-Marne, France.
The first château was built in 1620 by Antoine de Brennes; two towers remain. Antoine de Clairambault rebuilt the central portion at the beginning of the 19th century, and added wings connecting the tower of a former church to the main building. American decorator and architect Ogden Codman, Jr. owned the château in the 20th century, adding its entry pavilions.
The château is situated along the river Yerres, and is reached via the Pont Saint-Pierre (17th century).
# Teniente Luis Carvajal Villaroel Antarctic Base

The Teniente Luis Carvajal Villaroel Antarctic Base (Spanish: Teniente Carvajal) is a seasonal Chilean Antarctic base on the south-west tip of Adelaide Island, in Graham Land off the west coast of the Antarctic Peninsula. The nearest land is the Magallanes – the station is in the Antarctic territory claimed by Chile.

## History
### Station T

The base was established by Falkland Islands Dependencies Survey (FIDS) in 1961 and was previously known as the Station T.
It was established on the south-west tip of Adelaide Island in preference to Rothera Point as it had a better skiway for aircraft and less sea ice to hinder access by ship. The base was set up to carry out Survey work in the local and extended area, glaciology, geology and meteorology. The base was the main air facility and centre for airborne earth sciences programme. It was occupied continuously by BAS from 3 February 1961 to 1 March 1977. Closed when the skiway deteriorated and operations were transferred to Rothera (Station R).
The original building was known as Stephenson House after A Stephenson, surveyor on the British Graham Land Expedition (BGLE) 1934-37. An additional hut named Rymill House after John Riddoch Rymill, leader of BGLE, was erected in Mar 1962. A separate accommodation hut named Hampton House after W E Hampton, deputy leader and chief pilot of the BGLE, was erected on 1 January 1963. This had been planned originally to be a garage at Fossil Bluff (Station KG). A plastic accommodation building was established on 3 March 1967.

### Current use

The base was transferred to Chile 14 August 1984 and renamed Teniente Luis Carvajal Villaroel Antarctic Base. Chile has used the station as a summer only facility since this time. In the last few years the skiway has deteriorated further, leading to the death of a Chilean air mechanic, when he fell down a crevasse. Since then the Chilean Air Force have ceased operations at Carvajal. The Chilean Navy continues to visit the base during the summer to ensure it is in good order.
During the Winter months, staff at Rothera Station often visit the deserted buildings at Carvajal on BAS "Winter Training Trips".
# Plurinational Constitutional Tribunal

The Plurinational Constitutional Tribunal (Spanish: Tribunal Constitucional Plurinacional) is a national court in Bolivia charged with adjudicating the constitutionality of laws, government power, and treaties in accordance with the country's 2009 Constitution, which created it. The tribunal is headquartered in Sucre and consists of seven members. It was first seated on 2 January 2012. Its powers are set out in Articles 196–204 of the 2009 Constitution, the Law of the Judicial Organ (Law 025, promulgated on 24 June 2010), and Law of the Plurinational Constitutional Tribunal (Law 027, promulgated 6 July 2010). The Plurinational Constitutional Tribunal replaces the Constitutional Court of Bolivia, which operated from 1999 to 2011.

## President and Members

The president of the tribunal is Ruddy Jose Flores Monterrey. members of the tribunal are chosen by national nonpartisan election; the first election was held on 16 October 2011. The elected members of the Plurinational Constitutional Tribunal are (in order of total votes received): Gualberto Cusi, Efren Choque, Ligia Velásquez, Mirtha Camacho, Ruddy José Flores Monterrey, Neldy Andrade, Soraida Chávez. The elected alternate members are: Macario Lahor Cortez, Milton Mendoza, Juan Valencia, Blanca Alarcón, Carmen Sandoval, Edith Oroz Carrasco, and Zenón Bacarreza.

## History

Prior to the creation of the Constitutional Court in 1999, the Supreme Court of Bolivia was the sole body at the highest level of the country's judiciary.

### Constitutional Court, 1999–2011

The 1994 reform of Bolivia's Constitution authorized a Constitutional Court. However, the body did not begin to function until 1999. Its procedures were established by Law 1836, the Law of the Constitutional Court passed on 1 April 1998.
# Ishmael ben Elisha HaKohen

Ishmael ben Elisha HaKohen (Hebrew: רבי ישמעאל בן אלישע כהן גדול, "Rabbi Ishmael ben Elisha Kohen Gadol", lit. "Rabbi Ishmael ben (son of) Elisha [the] Kohen (priest)"; sometimes in short Ishmael HaKohen, lit. "Ishmael the Priest") was one of the prominent leaders of the first generation of the Tannaim.
Jewish tradition describes his father as High Priest in the Second Temple of Jerusalem, although no High Priest by the name Elisha is historically known. In the Talmud, he describes how he once entered the Holy of Holies, where God asked him for a blessing, and he replied by asking for God to treat Israel mercifully.
Ishmael was also one of the Ten Martyrs, along with Shimon ben Gamliel. According to Jewish tradition, his son and daughter were taken captive as slaves in the Roman conquest. As the two slaves were both extremely beautiful, their respective owners decided to mate them together and share the offspring. They were brought together at night, when they could not see each other, but refused to cohabit. When they recognized each other in the morning, they embraced each other and cried until their souls departed. This story is recited in one of the Kinnot for Tisha BeAv, entitled "Ve'Et Navi Hatati".
There are conflicting accounts of his martyrdom. The Avot of Rabbi Natan states that he and Shimon ben Gamliel were decapitated in quick succession. However, the Midrash Eleh Ezkerah relates that the Caesar's daughter was so taken by Ishmael's beauty that she ordered his head be skinned while he was still alive so that she could stuff it with straw and preserve it, and this is how Ishmael died. The Eleh Ezkerah is, however, known for its use of poetic license at the expense of historical accuracy, and its author(s) probably changed the narrative in order to produce a greater effect upon the mind of the reader.
Ishmael's traditional tomb is located in the Druze village of Sajur in the Upper Galilee.
# Wine (bishop)

Wine (died before 672) was a medieval Bishop of London, having earlier been consecrated the first Bishop of Winchester.
Wine was consecrated the first bishop of Winchester in 660 and possibly translated to Dorchester around 663. In 666, he was translated from Dorchester to London.
Bede tells us that Wine was ordained bishop in the Frankish kingdom and that King Cenwalh of Wessex installed him after disagreements with the previous Frankish bishop, Agilbert. Wine too was forced to leave after a few years and took refuge with Wulfhere, king of Mercia, who installed him in London, after a payment to Wulfhere.
In 665, while in Wessex, Wine took part with two Welsh or British bishops in the ordination of Chad as bishop of the Northumbrians, an act that was uncanonical because the other two bishops' ordination was not recognised by Rome. This would have resulted in his being disciplined, along with Chad, by Theodore of Tarsus, the new archbishop of Canterbury, who arrived in 669. Since Bede does not list him among the miscreants at this point, it is possible he had died by this date.
Wine died sometime before 672.
# Jürg Schubiger

Jürg Schubiger (14 October 1936 – 15 September 2014) was a Swiss psychotherapist and writer of children's books. He won the Deutscher Jugendliteraturpreis (German Youth Literature Award) in 1996 for Als die Welt noch jung war.
For his "lasting contribution" as a children's writer Schubiger received the biennial Hans Christian Andersen Medal in 2008. The award conferred by the International Board on Books for Young People is the highest recognition available to a writer or illustrator of children's books.

## Life

Schubiger was born in Zürich and raised in Winterthur, Switzerland. He graduated from the University of Zürich in German Studies, Psychology and Philosophy. He wrote his PhD thesis on Franz Kafka. He most recently lived in Zürich. Schubiger died in 2014, aged 77, four weeks and one day before his 78th birthday.

## Works
### Children's

* Dieser Hund heißt Himmel. Tag- und Nachtgeschichten. Illustrated by Klaus Steffens. Beltz & Gelberg, Weinheim 1978, ISBN 3-407-80541-1
* Das Löwengebrüll. Märchen, Geschichten. Beltz & Gelberg, Weinheim 1988, ISBN 3-407-80190-4
* Als die Welt noch jung war. Beltz & Gelberg, Weinheim 1995, ISBN 3-407-79653-6; Taschenbuch ebd. 2000, ISBN 3-407-78393-0
** When the World was New: Stories Annick Press Ltd., 1996, ISBN 978-1-55037-500-8
* Mutter, Vater, ich und sie. Erzählung. Beltz & Gelberg, Weinheim 1997, ISBN 3-407-79748-6; Taschenbuch ebd. 2001, ISBN 3-407-78479-1
* Wo ist das Meer? Geschichten. Beltz & Gelberg, Weinheim 2000, ISBN 3-407-79806-7; Taschenbuch ebd. 2003, ISBN 3-407-78554-2
* Seltsame Abenteuer des Don Quijote. Aufbau, Berlin 2003, ISBN 3-351-04046-6
* Die Geschichte von Wilhelm Tell. Nagel & Kimche, München 2003, ISBN 3-312-00942-1; DTV, München 2006, ISBN 3-423-62268-7
* Aller Anfang (with Franz Hohler). Beltz & Gelberg, Weinheim 2006, ISBN 3-407-79914-4
* Der weiße und der schwarze Bär. Hammer, Wuppertal 2007, ISBN 978-3-7795-0078-0
* Zebra, Zecke, Zauberwort (with Isabel Pin). Hammer, Wuppertal 2009, ISBN 978-3-7795-0226-5
* Der Wind hat Geburtstag. Hammer, Wuppertal 2010, ISBN 978-3-7795-0282-1
* De Strubelpeter. Mundartfassung. Elfundzehn, Eglisau 2010, ISBN 978-3-905769-20-3

### Prose

* Barbara. Erzählung. Tschudy, St. Gallen 1956
* Guten Morgen. Eine Erzählung. Tschudy, St. Gallen 1958
* Die vorgezeigten Dinge. Geschichten. Zytglogge [de], Gümligen 1972, ISBN 3-7296-0010-9
* Haus der Nonna: Eine Kindheit in Tessin (with Joli Schubiger-Cedraschi). Huber, Frauenfeld 1980; überarbeitete Neuausgabe: Limmat, Zürich 1996, ISBN 3-85791-270-7
* Unerwartet grün. Luchterhand, Darmstadt 1983, ISBN 3-472-86564-4
* Hin- und Hergeschichten (with Franz Hohler). Nagel & Kimche, Zürich 1986, ISBN 3-312-00118-8; Fischer Taschenbuch, Frankfurt am Main 1989, ISBN 3-596-29258-1
* Hinterlassene Schuhe. Novel. Nagel & Kimche, Zürich 1989, ISBN 3-312-00142-0
* Haller und Helen. Novel. Haymon, Innsbruck 2002, ISBN 3-85218-396-0
* Das Ausland. Hammer, Wuppertal 2003, ISBN 3-87294-929-2
* Du stehst in meinen Leben herum. Journal zu zweit (mit Renate Schubiger). Zytglogge [de], Oberhofen 2004, ISBN 3-7296-0681-6
* Die kleine Liebe. Novel. Haymon, Innsbruck 2008, ISBN 978-3-85218-558-3