OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Kraków County

Kraków County (Polish: powiat krakowski) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Lesser Poland Voivodeship, southern Poland. It came into being on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat is the city of Kraków, although the city is not part of the county (it constitutes a separate city with powiat rights). The county contains five towns: Skawina, 12 km (7 mi) south-west of Kraków, Krzeszowice, 24 km (15 mi) west of Kraków, Słomniki, 24 km (15 mi) north-east of Kraków, Skała, 20 km (12 mi) north of Kraków, and Świątniki Górne, 15 km (9 mi) south of Kraków.
The county covers an area of 1,229.62 square kilometres (474.8 sq mi). As of 2019 its total population is 278,219, out of which the population of Skawina is 24,340, that of Krzeszowice is 10,014, that of Słomniki is 4,343, that of Skała is 3,798, that of Świątniki Górne is 2,431, and the rural population is 233,293.

## Neighbouring counties

Apart from the city of Kraków, Kraków County is also bordered by Miechów County to the north, Proszowice County and Bochnia County to the east, Wieliczka County to the south-east, Myślenice County to the south, Wadowice County and Chrzanów County to the west, and Olkusz County to the north-west.

## Administrative division

The county is subdivided into 17 gminas (five urban-rural and 12 rural). These are listed in the following table, in descending order of population.
| Gmina | Type | Area (km$^2$) | Population (2019) | Seat |
| Gmina Skawina | urban-rural | 100.2 | 43,554 | Skawina |
| Gmina Krzeszowice | urban-rural | 139.4 | 32,126 | Krzeszowice |
| Gmina Zabierzów | rural | 99.6 | 26,622 | Zabierzów |
| Gmina Zielonki | rural | 48.4 | 22,856 | Zielonki |
| Gmina Liszki | rural | 72.0 | 17,369 | Liszki |
| Gmina Kocmyrzów-Luborzyca | rural | 82.5 | 15,709 | Luborzyca |
| Gmina Czernichów | rural | 83.8 | 14,598 | Czernichów |
| Gmina Mogilany | rural | 43.6 | 14,110 | Mogilany |
| Gmina Słomniki | urban-rural | 111.4 | 13,692 | Słomniki |
| Gmina Wielka Wieś | rural | 48.1 | 12,533 | Wielka Wieś |
| Gmina Jerzmanowice-Przeginia | rural | 68.4 | 10,976 | Jerzmanowice |
| Gmina Michałowice | rural | 51.3 | 10,641 | Michałowice |
| Gmina Skała | urban-rural | 74.3 | 10,580 | Skała |
| Gmina Świątniki Górne | urban-rural | 20.2 | 10,155 | Świątniki Górne |
| Gmina Iwanowice | rural | 70.6 | 9,133 | Iwanowice |
| Gmina Igołomia-Wawrzeńczyce | rural | 62.6 | 7,721 | Wawrzeńczyce |
| Gmina Sułoszowa | rural | 53.4 | 5,844 | Sułoszowa |

## Symbols

Kraków's county's symbols can be blazoned as follows:
Coat of arms: A traditional Iberian shield gules, an eagle head argent erased beaked, langued and crowned Or.
Flag: Per fess argent and gules, a narrow fess Or, overall and occupying 3/5 of the flag's height the county's coat of arms.
# Octacnemidae

Octacnemidae is a family of tunicates belonging to the order Phlebobranchia.
Genera:
* Benthascidia Ritter, 1907
* Cibacapsa Monniot & Monniot, 1983
* Cryptia Monniot & Monniot, 1985
* Dicopia Sluiter, 1905
* Kaikoja Monniot, 1998
* Megalodicopia Oka, 1918
* Myopegma Monniot & Monniot, 2003
* Octacnemus Moseley, 1877
* Polyoctacnemus Ihle, 1935
* Situla Vinogradova, 1969
# Kangavar, East Azerbaijan

Kangavar (Persian: كنگاور) is a village in, and the capital of, Kolah Boz-e Sharqi Rural District of the Central District of Mianeh County, East Azerbaijan province, Iran.

## Demographics
### Population

At the time of the 2006 National Census, the village's population was 383 in 78 households. The following census in 2011 counted 310 people in 82 households. The 2016 census measured the population of the village as 254 people in 78 households.
# Piotrków Governorate

Piotrków Governorate was an administrative-territorial unit (guberniya) of Congress Poland of the Russian Empire, established in 1867 by splitting some areas of Radom and Warsaw Governorates. Its capital was in Petrokov (Piotrków Trybunalski).

## History

It was created in 1867, split off from parts of Radom and Warsaw Governorates. It consisted of the uzeyds of Będzin, Częstochowa, Radomsko and Łódź.

## Language

* By the Imperial census of 1897. In bold are languages spoken by more people than the state language.
| Language | Number | percentage (%) | males | females |
| Polish | 1 011 928 | 72.07 | 497 412 | 514 516 |
| Yiddish | 213 562 | 15.21 | 104 914 | 108 648 |
| German | 148 765 | 10.59 | 72 445 | 76 320 |
| Russian | 19 232 | 1.36 | 14 938 | 4 294 |
| Czech | 4 987 | 0.35 | 2 563 | 2 424 |
| Ukrainian | 2 723 | 0.19 | 2 622 | 101 |
| Other | 2 614 | 0.18 | 2 153 | 461 |
| Persons that didn't name their native language | 90 | >0.01 | 49 | 41 |
| Total | 1 403 901 | 100 | 697 096 | 706 805 |
# Stanisław Jakub Rostworowski

Stanisław Jakub Rostworowski (28 January 1858, Kowalewszczyzna — 8 September 1888, Kraków) was a Polish artist; known primarily for his portraits; including many of his fellow artists.

## Biography

He was one of eight children born on his family's estate in a small village near Białystok. His father, Roman (1826-1906), served as a Justice of the Peace. His mother, Maria (1835-1912), was a niece of the novelist and feminist, Narcyza Żmichowska, who advised her not to marry Roman. Poor management caused their farm to fail and the family moved to Warsaw, where his mother opened a tailor shop and gave piano lessons.
From 1874 to 1876, he studied at the Realschule there. Then, in 1878, when his father found work as a railway clerk, he was able to enter the Saint Petersburg State Institute of Technology. However, he also attended classes at the Imperial Academy of Fine Arts and soon abandoned his technical studies. He was awarded a small silver medal for his paintings in 1882. The following year, he took specialized classes in landscape and battle painting. That same year, he was awarded a gold medal for his depiction of Thetis bringing weapons to Achilles as he mourns over the body of Patroclus.
In 1884, he was awarded the "большая золотая медаль" (Great Gold Medal) and the title of "Artist First-Class" for his painting of Ataman Yermak's messengers at the Red Porch with Ivan the Terrible, capturing the moment when he went from anger to mercy toward the former robbers. The canvas has been kept in storage at the Yekaterinburg Museum of Fine Arts.
He received a pension from the Academy; travelling to Vienna, Munich, Spain and Italy. In 1886, he returned to Poland with his wife, Teresa (née Lubieniecki, 1857-1944), whom he had married in 1885, and settled in Kraków. They had one daughter, Maria (1886-1935). He died, aged only 30, in 1888. The cause was tuberculosis; supposedly contracted when he went out in St. Petersburg, during the winter, without sufficiently warm clothing.
# Selektsionny, Kursk Oblast

Selektsionny (Russian: Селекционный) is a rural locality (a settlement) and the administrative center of Selektsionny Selsoviet Rural Settlement, Lgovsky District, Kursk Oblast, Russia. Population: 961 (2010 Census); 1,173 (2002 Census);

## Geography

The settlement is located 45 km from the Russia–Ukraine border, 72 km south-west of Kursk, 6.5 km south-west of the district center – the town Lgov.

### Climate

Selektsionny has a warm-summer humid continental climate (Dfb in the Köppen climate classification).
Climate data for Selektsionny (Selektsionniye) :
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | −3.8 (25.2) | −2.7 (27.1) | 3.2 (37.8) | 13.2 (55.8) | 19.4 (66.9) | 22.7 (72.9) | 25.2 (77.4) | 24.5 (76.1) | 18.3 (64.9) | 10.7 (51.3) | 3.6 (38.5) | −0.9 (30.4) | 11.1 (52.0) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | −5.8 (21.6) | −5.3 (22.5) | −0.4 (31.3) | 8.4 (47.1) | 14.8 (58.6) | 18.4 (65.1) | 20.9 (69.6) | 19.9 (67.8) | 14.1 (57.4) | 7.4 (45.3) | 1.4 (34.5) | −2.9 (26.8) | 7.6 (45.6) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | −8.3 (17.1) | −8.4 (16.9) | −4.5 (23.9) | 2.9 (37.2) | 9.1 (48.4) | 13 (55) | 15.8 (60.4) | 14.8 (58.6) | 9.8 (49.6) | 4 (39) | −0.9 (30.4) | −5.1 (22.8) | 3.5 (38.3) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 50 (2.0) | 44 (1.7) | 48 (1.9) | 50 (2.0) | 63 (2.5) | 71 (2.8) | 77 (3.0) | 54 (2.1) | 57 (2.2) | 57 (2.2) | 48 (1.9) | 49 (1.9) | 668 (26.2) |
| Source: https://en.climate-data.org/asia/russian-federation/kursk-oblast/selektsionniye-317700/ ||||||||||||||

## Transport

Selektsionny is located on the road of regional importance 38K-017 (Kursk – Lgov – Rylsk – border with Ukraine), on the road of intermunicipal significance 38H-375 (38K-017 – Fitizh), 2.5 km from the nearest railway halt 387 km (railway line 322 km – Lgov I).
The rural locality is situated 78.5 km from Kursk Vostochny Airport, 147 km from Belgorod International Airport and 282 km from Voronezh Peter the Great Airport.
# Orieux

Orieux (French pronunciation:; Occitan: Aurius) is a commune in the Hautes-Pyrénées department in south-western France.
# Barrientos Memorial

The Barrientos Memorial (Spanish: Memorial José Barrientos) is an annual track and field meeting in Havana, Cuba each May. The event was first held in 1946, in recognition of José Barrientos (a former Cuban Olympic sprinter), who died in an aviation accident the previous year. It is the most prominent annual athletics event in Cuba, alongside the Copa Cuba. It is one of the longest-running track and field meetings in Latin America, and the oldest in the Caribbean.

## History

For the first two editions, the competition was held at the Estadio Universitario Juan Abrantes. After a long residency at Estadio Pedro Marrero, the meet moved to its current venue, the Estadio Panamericano, in 1992. The meet was held at the Estadio José Pepe del Cabo, outside of the Cuban capital, in 1978 and 1982 due to ongoing works at the Estadio Pedro Marrero during those periods. The competition principally features national and international level Cuban athletes, though foreign athletes have also been on the programme since 1950, with past attendees including Donald Quarrie, Nenad Stekić, and American sprinters Dennis Mitchell and Calvin Smith.
The competition regularly serves as the national Cuban Athletics Championships. The meeting takes place over one to three days, depending on the level of participation. It is also frequently used to determine the national teams for regional competitions, such as the Pan American Games and Central American and Caribbean Games.
# Mazalem Kam

Mazalem Kam (Persian: مظلم كم, also Romanized as Maz̧alem Kam) is a village in Khotbeh Sara Rural District, Kargan Rud District, Talesh County, Gilan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 41, in 10 families.
# Baghlujeh-ye Aqa

Baghlujeh-ye Aqa (Persian: باغلوجه اقا, also Romanized as Bāghlūjeh-ye Āqā; also known as Baghlūjah, Bāghlūjeh, and Bagludzhakh) is a village in Zanjanrud-e Pain Rural District, Zanjanrud District, Zanjan County, Zanjan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 220, in 53 families.
# Weikersheim

Weikersheim is a town in the Main-Tauber district of Baden-Württemberg, Germany.

## History

Town rights were granted to Weikersheim in 1313. As one of the seats of the House of Hohenlohe, until 1756 Weikersheim's town center was dominated by Weikersheim Castle, residence of the Hohenlohe-Weikersheim line. During the process of German mediatization from 1806 to 1809, Weikersheim was awarded to the Kingdom of Württemberg, whose government assigned the city to Oberamt Mergentheim [de]. In 1938, the Oberamt was reorganized as Landkreis Mergentheim [de], under whose jurisdiction Weikersheim remained. From 1 January 1972 to 1 January 1975, Weikersheim incorporated eight municipalities. In that time, Baden-Württemberg reorganized its administrative structure [de], and as a result Weikersheim was assigned to the newly created Main-Tauber district. In 2000, the old town and palace were placed under protection as cultural monuments.

## Geography

The township (Stadt) of Weikersheim covers 80.92 square kilometers (31.24 sq mi) of the Main-Tauber district of Baden-Württemberg, a state of the Federal Republic of Germany. Weikersheim is physically located in the Tauberland [de], a landscape of muschelkalk crossed by numerous river valleys, but especially the Tauber and Vorbach. The lowest elevation above sea level in the municipal area, 213 meters (699 ft) Normalnull (NN), is found on the Tauber, near Elpersheim [de]. The highest elevation, 444 meters (1,457 ft), is found to the south-east, near the border with Oberndorf (Weikersheim).
Part of the federally-protected Steinriegel landscape between Weikersheim and Elpersheim [de] nature reserve is located within Weikersheim's municipal area.

## Coat of arms

Weikersheim's coat of arms displays a large "W" in silver below a golden crown upon a field of red. The first seal associated with Weikersheim is dated to 1435 and contained the "W", but from 1593 onward, it was supported by two lions and positioned above images of the Sun, Moon, and the planet Mercury. On 7 November 1949, the State of Baden-Württemberg awarded Weikersheim a coat of arms based on the original pattern, but with a new red-silver tincture. This pattern and tincture was affirmed on 31 May 1968 by the approval of the Federal Ministry of the Interior.

## Notable people

* Raphael Levi Hannover (1685–1779), a German Jewish mathematician and astronomer.
* Joseph von Maier (1797–1873), German rabbi and Landesrabbiner, a spiritual leader
# Kosmos 2222

Kosmos 2222 (Russian: Космос 2222 meaning Cosmos 2222) is a Russian US-K missile early warning satellite which was launched in 1992 as part of the Russian Space Forces' Oko programme. The satellite is designed to identify missile launches using optical telescopes and infrared sensors.
Kosmos 2222 was launched from Site 43/3 at Plesetsk Cosmodrome in Russia. A Molniya-M carrier rocket with a 2BL upper stage was used to perform the launch, which took place at 12:18 UTC on 25 November 1992. The launch successfully placed the satellite into a molniya orbit. It subsequently received its Kosmos designation, and the international designator 1992-081A. The United States Space Command assigned it the Satellite Catalog Number 22238.
The satellite became inactive in 1995, and reentered the Earth's atmosphere on 3 May 2023 at 03:58 UTC.
# Barremian

The Barremian is an age in the geologic timescale (or a chronostratigraphic stage) between 125.77 Ma (million years ago) and 121.4 ± 1.0 Ma (Historically, this stage was placed at 129.4 million to approximately 125 million years ago) It is a subdivision of the Early Cretaceous Epoch (or Lower Cretaceous Series). It is preceded by the Hauterivian and followed by the Aptian Stage.

## Stratigraphic definitions

The original type locality for the Barremian Stage is in the vicinity of the village of Barrême, Alpes-de-Haute-Provence, France. Henri Coquand defined the stage and named it in 1873.
The base of the Barremian is determined by the first appearance of the ammonites Spitidiscus hugii and Spitidiscus vandeckii. The end of the Barremian is determined by the geomagnetic reversal at the start of the M0r chronozone, which is biologically near the first appearance of the ammonite Paradeshayesites oglanlensis.

### Regional equivalents

The Barremian falls in the Gallic epoch, a subdivision of the Cretaceous that is no longer used by the ICS. It overlaps the lower part of the Urgonian [pl] stage, which is sometimes used in western European stratigraphy. In North America, the late Coahulian and the early Comanchean correspond to the Barremian. In New Zealand, it falls within the Mokoiwian, and in Japan it corresponds to the late Aritan.

### Subdivision

The Barremian is often subdivided into two substages or subages, Lower/Early and Upper/Late Barremian.
In the Tethys domain, the Barremian stage contains eleven ammonite biozones:
* zone of Pseudocrioceras waagenoides
* zone of Colchidites sarasini
* zone of Imerites giraudi
* zone of Hemihoplites feraudianus
* zone of Gerhardtia sertousi
* zone of Ancyloceras vandenheckii
* zone of Coronites darsi
* zone of Kotetishvilia compressissima
* zone of Nicklesia pulchella
* zone of Nicklesia nicklesi
* zone of Spitidiscus hugii
# Dafnonas

Dafnonas (Greek: Δαφνώνας) is a settlement in the municipality of Xanthi in the Xanthi regional unit of Greece. It is part of the municipal unit of Stavroupoli.
# Maxyutovo, Tuymazinsky District, Republic of Bashkortostan

Maxyutovo (Russian: Максютово; Bashkir: Мәҡсүт, Mäqsüt) is a rural locality (a village) in Ilchimbetovsky Selsoviet, Tuymazinsky District, Bashkortostan, Russia. The population was 45 as of 2010. There is 1 street.

## Geography

Maxyutovo is located 15 km southwest of Tuymazy (the district's administrative centre) by road. Bakhchisaray is the nearest rural locality.
# Tha Chang district, Surat Thani

Tha Chang (Thai: ท่าฉาง, pronounced) is a district (amphoe) in the west of Surat Thani province of southern Thailand.
Neighboring districts are Chaiya to the north, and to the west the district Kapoe of Ranong province. Bandon Bay to the east, Phunphin district, Vibhavadi and Ban Ta Khun to the south,

## History

The minor district (king amphoe) was created on 31 July 1908, consisting of tambons Than, Pak Chalui, and Sawiat of Phum Riang District and Tha Khoei, Tha Chang, and Khlong Sai of Phunphin District. The minor district was made a subordinate of Phum Riang district. It was upgraded to a full district on 1 August 1938.

## Geography

The district extends from the coast to the Bandon Bay in the east to the ridges of the Phuket mountain range, which forms the boundary between the provinces Surat Thani and Ranong. Located in these hills is the Kaeng Krung National Park.
The district is crossed by the southern railway, as well as Asian highway AH2.

## Administration

The district is divided into six sub-districts (tambons), which in turn are subdivided into 46 villages (mubans). Each of the tambons is administered by a tambon administrative organization (TAO). Tha Chang itself has township (thesaban tambon) status and covers parts of tambons Tha Chang and Khao Than.
| No. | Name | Thai name | Villages | Pop. |
| 1. | Tha Chang | ท่าฉาง | 5 | 5,256 |
| 2. | Tha Khoei | ท่าเคย | 11 | 5,703 |
| 3. | Khlong Sai | คลองไทร | 9 | 4,978 |
| 4. | Khao Than | เขาถ่าน | 6 | 4,613 |
| 5. | Sawiat | เสวียด | 9 | 4,967 |
| 6. | Pak Chalui | ปากฉลุย | 6 | 5,496 |
# Catherine Bathurst

Sister Mary Catherine Philip was born Catherine Anne Bathurst (14 July 1825 – 14 December 1907) was a Roman Catholic convert, nun and Prioress. She founded a school in Belgium which became (in time) St Dominic's Sixth Form College in Harrow.

## Life

Bathurst was born in Wookey in Somersetshire. She was the daughter of Sir James Bathurst, an army officer and Lady Caroline, a daughter of 1st Earl Castle Stewart. Her grandfather was Henry Bathurst, Bishop of Norwich who was a nephew of the 1st Earl Bathurst. Frederick Bathurst and Robert Bathurst (cricketer) were her brothers. Her eldest brother was Stuart Bathurst and he became a Church of England priest and rector of Kibworth Beauchamp in Leicestershire. In 1850 Stuart converted to Catholicism under the influence of John Henry Newman and he became the parish priest at Wednesbury in Staffordshire. Catherine also concerted to be a Catholic within months and she was given a Conditional baptism (to avoid giving two) by Father Brownbill SJ. She met Newman and she began a long time correspondence with him which consisted of over 80 letters.
Bathurst decided on a religious life but she found a long time to find a home. She joined Elizabeth Lockhart's Sisters of Charity of the Precious Blood at Greenwich in 1852. She then tried the Sisters of Providence in Loughborough before returning to Greenwich after a year. She spent three years working at poor schools and orphanages in Birmingham. In 1861 she appeared to have found a home at Margaret Hallahan's Dominican Congregation of St. Catherine of Siena. She took the name Sister Mary Catherine Philip in November but by April 1862 she had returned to Birmingham after her last sister became a suicide.
In 1868 she was in Ghent where she agreed to found an order of Dominicans. By 1870 there was a convent and a school building in Meirelbeke with Bathurst as the Prioress. The next move was a move by the whole convent. Bathurst and her Dominican Order sisters from Ghent set up a girls' boarding school in Harrow in 1878 at the invitation of Cardinal Manning

## Death and legacy

Bathurst died in Harrow in 1907. In July 1979 the convent school she founded closed and the remaining nuns transferred to the Dominican convent in Stone, Staffordshire,St Dominic's Sixth Form College opened in the building that had been St Dominic's Independent Grammar School for girls.
# Auschwitz Combat Group

The Auschwitz Combat Group (German: Kampfgruppe Auschwitz, Polish: Grupa Bojowa Oświęcim) was international left-wing resistance organization in Auschwitz concentration camp.

## History

Kampfgruppe Auschwitz was founded in 1943. In 1944, together with the Polish Underground State, the Kampfgruppe set up an overall Auschwitz Military Council to coordinate resistance.

## Members

The majority of members of the Group were communists, socialists, captured Polish and Soviet partisans, members of anti-Nazi resistance movements, and former members of International Brigades. The members of the Kampfgruppe were from Austria, Poland, France, Germany, Yugoslavia, Czechoslovakia and the Soviet Union. Among them were also many Jews.

### Leadership

* Ernst Burger (nom de guerre Adam) - political leader of Kampfgruppe Auschwitz, member of anti-nazi Austrian Resistance.
* Hermann Langbein (nom de guerre Wiktor)
* Józef Cyrankiewicz (nom de guerre Rot) responsible for cooperation with resistance groups in another nazi concentration camps
* Tadeusz Hołuj (nom de guerre Robert) responsible for cooperation with another resistance groups in Auschwitz
* Heinrich Dürmayer - was appointed after Hermann Langbein
* Ludwig Soswinski - was appointed after Tadeusz Hołuj
* Bruno Baum - was appointed after Ernst Burger

### Other notable members

* Alfred Klahr - Austrian communist politician and intellectual
* Karl Lill
* Franz Danimann
# Artemisia, Messenia

Artemisia (Greek: Αρτεμισία, before 1927: Τσερνίτσα - Tsernitsa) is a mountain village and a community in the municipality of Kalamata, Messenia, Greece. The community includes the small village Agios Ioannis Theologos. It is situated at 860 m above sea level. Many of its residents live there only during the summer months.
It is located in the west part of the Taygetos mountains on the GR-82 (Pylos - Kalamata - Sparta) between Kalamata and Sparta. It is 1.5 km southwest of Alagonia and 13 km northeast of Kalamata.

## Population

| Year | Village population | Community population |
| 1981 | 240 | - |
| 1991 | 327 | 339 |
| 2001 | 291 | 310 |
| 2011 | 136 | 142 |
| 2021 | 88 | 88 |

## History

Until 1927, the village was named Tsernitsa. From 1835 until 1912, it was part of the municipality of Alagonia. In 1912 it became an independent community, which joined the municipality of Kalamata in 1997.