OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Gorce National Park

Gorce National Park (Polish: Gorczański Park Narodowy) is a national park in Lesser Poland Voivodeship, southern Poland. It covers central and northeastern parts of the Gorce Mountains, which are part of the Western Beskids (at the western end of the Carpathian range).
The first steps to protect this land go back to 1927, when a forest reserve was set up on land owned by Count Ludwik Wodzicki of Poręba Wielka. The National Park was created in 1981, then covering 23.9 square kilometres. Today, the area of the park has grown to 70.3 km$^2$ (27.1 sq mi), of which 65.91 km$^2$ is forested. The area of the protective zone around the park is 166.47 km$^2$. The park lies within Limanowa County and Nowy Targ County, and has its headquarters in Poręba Wielka.
The Gorce range is dominated by arched peaks, with river valleys cutting into the range. There are a few small caves and obviously - several peaks such as Turbacz (the highest - 1310 meters above sea level), Jaworzyna Kamienicka, Kiczora, Kudłoń, Czoło Turbacza and Gorc Kamienicki. Waters cover only 0.18 km$^2$ of park's area - there are no lakes or big rivers, only streams.

## Geography

In the whole Gorce range there are hundreds of species of plants, including Alpine and Subalpine plants which grow on meadows. Forests cover about 95% of park's area and most common species are spruce, beech and fir. There are some openings which are mostly the result of prior human activity. First settlers appeared in the Gorce area in the 14th century but Gorce's forests suffered most in the 19th century. Back then, trees were cut down on a large scale, especially in easily accessible areas.
Animal life is abundant and it includes over 90 species of breeding birds and almost fifty (50) mammal species including lynx, wolf and bear. Also there are frogs, snakes and salamanders (the latter, a rare fire salamander, is the symbol of the park).
The Jaworzyna Kamienicka glade, one of the most beautiful in this range and located on Jaworzyna Kamienicka, itself the second-highest peak of Gorce, houses the historical Bulanda Chapel, funded at the beginning of the 20th century by Gorce's most famous shepherd, Tomasz Chlipała. Gorce's most well-known cave is also nearby – Zbójnicka Jama.

### Inhabitation

The park's overall landscape is of an undisturbed character which means that the areas of human activities are on the outside. There are not a lot of tourists that visit, but for those that do the park can be a haven for nature lovers. Climbing soft peaks of the Gorce Mountains makes it possible to check out surrounding national treasures, including Tatra and the Pieniny Mountains.
# Saint-Étienne-de-Lisse

Saint-Étienne-de-Lisse (French pronunciation:; Occitan: Sent Estèfe de Liça) is a commune in the Gironde department in Nouvelle-Aquitaine in southwestern France.
# Dark Eyes (1951 film)

Dark Eyes (German: Schwarze Augen) is a 1951 German drama film directed by Géza von Bolváry and starring Cornell Borchers, Will Quadflieg, and Angelika Hauff. It was shot at the Spandau Studios in West Berlin. The film's sets were designed by the art directors Mathias Matthies and Ellen Schmidt.

## Synopsis

On the train from Nice to Vienna the violin virtuoso Fedor Varany meets Helene Samboni, the mistress of a wealthy businessman. He becomes fixated with her, begging her to leave both her lover and her estranged husband. She agrees to elope with him, but when her discarded lover is found dead, Varany becomes the prime suspect for his murder.

## Cast

* Cornell Borchers as Helene Samboni
* Will Quadflieg as Fedor Varany
* Angelika Hauff as Roszi
* Georg Thomalla as McKing, Impresario
* Peter Mosbacher as Samboni
* Martin Held as Alexander Grabner
* Hans Stiebner as Mitja
* Jan Hendriks as Laszlo
* Karl Meixner as von Pfandler
* Kurt Vespermann as Zeidler
* Rolf Weih as Schlafwagenschaffner
* Franz Arzdorf as Kriminalkommissar Neudeck
* Erwin Biegel
* Joe Furtner as Geschäftsführer des Tanzlokals
* Max Lammer as Nowak
* Michael von Newlinsky as Schlafwagenschaffner
* Rosita Serrano as La Cubanera
* Karl Hellmer as Kriminalrat Klausnitzer
* Georg Uka
# Bezděkov nad Metují

Bezděkov nad Metují (German: Bösig an der Mettau) is a municipality and village in Náchod District in the Hradec Králové Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 600 inhabitants.

## Geography

Bezděkov nad Metují is located about 11 kilometres (7 mi) northeast of Náchod and 29 km (18 mi) south of the Polish city of Wałbrzych. It lies in the Broumov Highlands. The municipality is situated on the left bank of the Metuje River, on a plateau above the river. Bezděkov nad Metují entirely lies within the Broumovsko Protected Landscape Area.

## History

The first written mention of Bezděkov nad Metují is from 1358. It was probably founded before 1241. The railway was built in 1873–1875.

## Demographics

| Year | Pop. | ±% |
| 1869 | 759 | — |
| 1880 | 778 | +2.5% |
| 1890 | 775 | −0.4% |
| 1900 | 723 | −6.7% |
| 1910 | 708 | −2.1% |
| Year | Pop. | ±% |
| 1921 | 656 | −7.3% |
| 1930 | 697 | +6.2% |
| 1950 | 602 | −13.6% |
| 1961 | 571 | −5.1% |
| 1970 | 523 | −8.4% |
| Year | Pop. | ±% |
| 1980 | 486 | −7.1% |
| 1991 | 482 | −0.8% |
| 2001 | 510 | +5.8% |
| 2011 | 504 | −1.2% |
| 2021 | 608 | +20.6% |
Source: Censuses :

## Transport

The train station in the territory of Bezděkov nad Metují is named Police nad Metují after the neighbouring town of Police nad Metují. It is located on the railway line Broumov–Starkoč.

## Sights

The main landmark of Bezděkov nad Metují is the Church of Saint Procopius. It was built in the Baroque style in 1724–1726 according to the design by architect Kilian Ignaz Dientzenhofer. For its value it has been protected as a national cultural monument since 2022.
# Ji Liangnian

Ji Liangnian (Chinese: 计亮年; 20 April 1934 – 2 April 2024) was a Chinese chemist who was a professor at Sun Yat-sen University, and an academician of the Chinese Academy of Sciences.

## Biography

Ji was born in Shanghai, on 20 April 1934, to Ji Zhuqing (计竹卿), a staff member of The Times in Shanghai. He was the youngest of 6 children. In July 1937, the Lugou Bridge Incident broke out, and the following month, the Imperial Japanese Army occupied Shanghai, causing his father to lose his job and the family's life to become difficult. In 1940, by the age of 6, his mother died of tuberculosis; three years later, his father also died of tuberculosis.
In 1948, he began working as an apprentice at a leather goods workshop to make a living. After the liberation of Shanghai in May 1949, he completed middle and high school courses with a work-study program. In 1952, he enrolled at Shandong University, where he majored in the Department of Chemistry. After graduating in 1956, he studied in the Radiochemistry Research Class of the Department of Technology at Peking University, serving as a teaching assistant and visiting scholar. In September 1959, he went to the Chemistry Research Class of the Department of Chemistry at Nanjing University for further studies, under the guidance of Prof. Dai Anbang [zh] and Soviet expert Savage.
He became a lecturer at Hengyang Mining and Metallurgical Engineering Institute [zh] in September 1960 before being assigned to the similar position in Guangdong Institute of Mining and Metallurgy (now Guangdong University of Technology) in September 1972. In November 1975, he was recruited as a lecturer at Sun Yat-sen University, where he was promoted to full professor in 1986 and dean of the School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering in 1994. He joined the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) in January 1981. In 1982, he became a visiting scholar at Northwestern University in the United States. He retired in October 2018.
On 2 April 2024, he died from an illness in Guangzhou, Guangdong, at the age of 89.

## Contributions

In 1982, during Ji's visit to Northwestern University in the United States, he first discovered the "indene dynamic effect" internationally and was hailed as one of the three contributors to the discovery.

## Honours and awards

* 1989 Fellow of the Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
* 2003 Member of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS)
# West Indies women's cricket team in India in 1976–77

The West Indies women's cricket team toured India in October and November 1976. They played India in a six Test match series, which ended as a 1–1 draw. The matches were the first ever played by the India women's team.
India won the fourth Test in Patna on 19 November, recording its first ever Test match victory.

## Squads

| India | West Indies |
| Shantha Rangaswamy (c) Runa Basu Sharmila Chakraborty Uthpala Chakraborty Rajeshwari Dholakia Behroze Edulji Diana Edulji Susan Itticheria Fowzieh Khalili (wk) Shubhangi Kulkarni Sandhya Mazumdar Ujwala Nikam Shobha Pandit Jyotsna Patel Sudha Shah | Louise Browne (c) Joan Alexander-Serrano Sheryl Bayley Beverly Browne Peggy Fairweather Yolande Geddes-Hall (wk) Gloria Gill Dorothy Hobson Vivalyn Latty-Scott Jasmine Sammy Nora St. Rose Menota Tekah Patricia Whittaker Grace Williams |

## Test Series
### 1st Test

* 31 October – 2 November 1976 Scorecard
* Match drawn M. Chinnaswamy Stadium, Bangalore
* Toss unknown.
* Sharmila Chakraborty, Behroze Edulji, Diana Edulji, Susan Itticheria, Fowzieh Khalili, Shubhangi Kulkarni, Sandhya Mazumdar, Ujwala Nikam, Shantha Rangaswamy, Shobha Pandit and Sudha Shah (Ind) all made their WTest debuts.

### 2nd Test

* 7 – 9 November 1976 Scorecard
* Match drawn M. A. Chidambaram Stadium, Madras Umpires: Komandur Ramaswami (Ind) and NS Rishi (Ind)
* Toss unknown.
* Runa Basu, Jyotsna Patel (Ind) and Dorothy Hobson (WI) all made their WTest debuts.

### 3rd Test

* 12 – 14 November 1976 Scorecard
* Match drawn Feroz Shah Kotla Ground, New Delhi
* Toss unknown.

### 4th Test

* 17 – 19 November 1976 Scorecard
* India Women won by 5 wickets Moin-ul-Haq Stadium, Patna
* West Indies Women won the toss and elected to bat.

### 5th Test

* 21 – 23 November 1976 Scorecard
* Match drawn K. D. Singh Babu Stadium, Lucknow
* Toss unknown.
* Rajeshwari Dholakia (Ind) and Joan Alexander-Serrano (WI) both made their WTest debuts.

### 6th Test

* 27 – 29 November 1976 Scorecard
* West Indies Women won by an innings and 24 runs Maulana Azad Stadium, Jammu
* Toss unknown.
* Uthpala Chakraborty (Ind) made her WTest debut.
# Winter sports in India

Winter sports are common in India in the Himalayan areas. Ski tournaments take place every winter in Gulmarg, Kashmir and Manali. Winter sports are generally more common in the northern states of Jammu and Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh, Uttarakhand (formerly Uttaranchal), Sikkim and Arunachal Pradesh. Skiing, snow rugby, snow cycling and snow football are few of the common sports played in India. Skiing is more popular although India has taken part in Luge in Winter Olympics since 1998. The Bandy Federation of India is headquarters are in Mandi in Himachal Pradesh. Luge is practiced in a big way by the mountain residents in an improvised form called 'Reri'.
Shiva Keshavan is the only Indian to have won medals in international meets in winter sports (Asian Gold 2011, Asian Silver 2009, Asian Bronze 2008, Asian Silver (Doubles) 2005, Asian Bronze (Singles) 2005), and to have participated in four Olympic Games. He is currently the Asian Speed record holder at 134.4 km/h, making him the fastest man in Asia on ice.
Ski-mountaineering is another form of skiing, usually conducted in remote areas. There are beginner and intermediate level of slopes where skiers can choose from. It is sort of wilderness skiing. It is also called back country skiing. It was introduced in Kashmir in 1979 when two local skiers Muhammad Yusuf and Mehraj Din undertook a ski - touring expedition to Lidder Valley. In 1984 a team of 10 skiers, led by Muhammad Yusuf, undertook an expedition from Lidder Valley to Sindh Valley over Sunmous Pass. It is still a record. With the passage of time ski-mountaineering has become a competitive sports. Championships are conducted in Europe regularly.

## List of National Sports award recipients in Winter Sports, showing the year, award, and gender

| Year | Recipient | Award | Gender |
| 2020 | Shiva Keshavan | Arjuna Award | Male |
# Tobacco cessation clinics in India

Tobacco Cessation Clinic is an initiative by the World Health Organization (WHO) and the Ministry of Health of India. Tobacco cessation activities formally began with the opening of 13 tobacco cessation clinics in Anand, Bhopal, Bangalore, Chandigarh, Chennai, Cuttack, Delhi (2), Goa, Jaipur, Lucknow, Mumbai, and Patna in 2002. Tobacco cessation clinics were renamed to tobacco cessation centers in 2005. Five more tobacco cessation centers were established in Mizoram, Guwahati, Kolkata, Hyderabad and Trivandrum, which makes a total of 18 centers.
The services offered at the clinic include individual intervention in the form of behavioral counseling, medication, and nicotine replacement therapy. The centers also intend to create awareness among the general public about the negative effects of tobacco and about tobacco cessation through awareness programs, exhibitions training programs on tobacco cessation for various professionals, and information booklets and manuals aimed at specific groups of the population.
The Tobacco Cessation Clinic Resource Center (TCCRC), which is functioning in the National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, (NIMHANS), Bangalore, is the national coordinating center for all the TCCs. The center in Bangalore runs an out patient clinic twice a week (Saturdays and Mondays) in the de-addiction OP section of the NIMHANS.

## Locations

| Center | Place | State |
| Shree Krishna hospital and PSM college | Anand | Gujarat |
| National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS) | Bangalore | Karnataka |
| Jawaharlal Nehru Cancer Hospital & Research Centre | Bhopal | Madhya Pradesh |
| PGIMER | Chandigarh | Chandigarh |
| Cancer Institute (Adyar Cancer Institute) | Chennai | Tamil Nadu |
| A.H. Regional Cancer Centre | Cuttack | Orissa |
| Institute of Human Behaviour & Allied Sciences (IHBAS) | Dilshad Garden | Delhi |
| Vallabhbhai Patel Chest Institute | University Of Delhi | Delhi |
| Vaidya Hospital | Panaji | Goa |
| Bhagwan Mahaveer Cancer Hospital & Research Center | Jaipur | Rajasthan |
| King George's Medical College | Lucknow | Uttar Pradesh |
| Tata Memorial Hospital | Mumbai | Maharashtra |
| Indira Gandhi Institute of Cardiology | Patna | Bihar |
| Directorate of Hospital and Medical Education | Aiswal | Mizoram |
| Dr. Bhubaneswar Borooh Cancer Institute ( Regional Institute for Treatment and Research) | Guwahati | Assam |
| MNJ institute of Oncology and Regional Cancer Center | Hyderabad | Telangana |
| Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute | Kolkata | West Bengal |
| Regional Cancer Centre, Thiruvananthapuram | Thiruvananthapuram | Kerala |
# Leboulin

Leboulin (French pronunciation:; Occitan: Lo Bolin) is a commune in the Gers department in southwestern France.
# Engineering in India

From pre-historic to modern times, engineering has played an essential role in the development of India.

## History

Engineering in the country dates back to pre-historic times. Solar drying of agricultural commodities has been dated to a period of 6,000 BCE. Researchers have also found the evidences of engineering in Indus Valley civilization, dating back to 4th millennium BCE. Types of engineering such as Irrigation engineering, Transportation engineering were also established during this period. Throughout the period 3000 BCE – 1500 BCE, urban cities developed and included advanced developments for that time, such as brick houses, drainage systems, water harvesting, sanitation systems, etc.
Vedas contains the information on about wells, irrigation, dams, canals, and other factors of engineering.
By the period of 1,800 BCE, India had started to produce iron. In 500 BCE, Damascus steel was being produced in the country.
Kallanai Dam, also known as Grand Anicut of Tamil Nadu was originally built around 2nd century CE. Many of the estimated 39,400 reservoirs of Tamil Nadu were built during the period of 500 CE – 1500 CE.

## Education

Foundation of the Cooper's Hill College in 1875 aimed to train engineers for British India. Madras University is considered to be the first college of the country, to provide individual courses in mechanical engineering.
According to an estimate in 2010, there were over 3,800 engineering colleges in the country, compared to less than 100 engineering colleges in 1996.

## In culture

* 3 Idiots - A movie based on a story of three friends studying in an engineering college.
# Kleinkötz

Kleinkötz is a village near Günzburg in Bavaria in Germany, the site of a post World War II American sector displaced person camp (see also Scouting in displaced persons camps). It is the birthplace of Johann Eberlin von Günzburg.
48°25′N 10°18′E﻿ / ﻿48.417°N 10.300°E﻿ / 48.417; 10.300
* This Bavaria location article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
# Oil terminals in India

The major oil terminals / depots in India are:
* Agra Terminal of IOCL
* Dhourmui Terminals of IOCL, BPCL and HPCL near Bharatpur
* Roorkee Terminal of IOCL
* Manmad Terminals of IOCL, BPCL and HPCL
* Irumpanam Terminal of BPCL in Kochi
* Jalandhar Terminals of IOCL, BPCL and HPCL
* Ambala Terminal of IOCL, BPCL and HPCL
* Kondapalli Terminal of IOCL BPCL and HPCL near Vijayawada
* Mangaluru terminal of IOCL, BPCL and HPCL
* Sangrur terminal of IOCL, BPCL and HPCL
* Bhatinda terminal of IOCL, BPCL and HPCL
* Jammu Depot of IOCL
* Srinagar depot of IOCL, BPCL and HPCL
* Parwanoo depot of IOCL
* Kandla Foreshore Terminal of IOCL which is the largest POL terminal of IOCL
* Rewari Terminal of IOCL, BPCL and HPCL
* Bijwasan Terminal of IOCL near Delhi
* Shakurbasti terminal of IOCL
* Panipat Marketing Complex of IOCL, BPCL and HPCL
* Mathura Terminal of IOCL
* Sanganer Terminal of IOCL near Jaipur
# Evangelical chaplains in India

Evangelical chaplains in India were a significant group of Anglican clergy around the year 1800, employed by the East India Company, especially in the Bengal presidency. They were not missionaries, but ministered to the British population. On the other hand, they tried to facilitate missionary activity in line with their evangelical Christian views.

## Background

Christian missionary activity, at this period, opposed the East India Company's wishes, which in general and by tradition were "orientalist": based on respecting local laws, customs and religions. So-called "Company orientalism" is dated to 1772, when the Company had revenue collection in Bengal farmed out to it, and adopted a stance of rationalising existing institutions but working with the grain of the local culture. (See also Scottish orientalism.) The Company's Charter came up for renewal every 20 years, and in 1793 political moves to modify the "orientalist" line failed. In 1813, however, the Company's complete control of missionary activity in its domains was eroded, with an appeal possible.
The evangelical chaplains were closely associated with the Church Missionary Society (CMS) and the early London Missionary Society (LMS). In common with the LMS, they made little of the denominational differences between the Church of England and dissenters such as the Baptists and Methodists.

## Charles Simeon

The Cambridge-based evangelical Charles Simeon used his influence to find posts in India for a group of evangelical chaplains, the first of whom was Claudius Buchanan. He arrived in Calcutta in 1797, first lodging with David Brown. Brown's appointment as a presidency chaplain had come in 1794, eight years after his arrival in Bengal. Buchanan spent some months with Brown, before moving to Barrackpore for two years, where he had little to do as a minister. He was appointed to Fort William College, but as a company chaplain was barred from missionary activity. He left India in 1808.
It was not until 1805 that Simeon, with the support of Charles Grant as East India Company director, was able to nominate chaplains who were recognised as evangelists to the Indian population. The phase of evangelical activity condoned in this way by the Company was short, however: it came to an end when Brown and Henry Martyn died in 1812.

### Nominees and followers

* Daniel Corrie
* Thomas Dealtry
* Thomas Truebody Thomason
* Marmaduke Thompson (died 1851)
The "five chaplains" is a phrase attributed to John William Kaye, as applying to David Brown, Claudius Buchanan, Henry Martyn, Thomas Thomason, and Daniel Corrie. Kaye in fact mentions this group as "Bengal chaplains" and "Christian heroes".

## Missionary societies

The CMS formed a Calcutta branch in 1807. The chaplains Daniel Corrie and Thomas Truebody Thomason were effective supporters.
# Youth suicide in India

Youth suicide in India is when young Indian people deliberately end their own life. People aged 15 to 24 years have the highest suicide rate in India, which is consistent with international trends in youth suicide. 35% of recorded suicides in India occur in this age group. Risk factors and methods of youth suicide differ from those in other age groups.

## Statistics

Recorded annual youth suicide rates in India are 80 per 100,000 in females and 34 per 100,000 in males (compared to 10.4 per 100,000 in the general Indian population). These reported figures are estimated to be six crore to eight lakh thousand crore under-estimates of the true incidence.
Surveys of high school students in India estimate prevalence of suicidal ideation at 6–22%, and of suicide attempts at 0.39–8%. A survey conducted in 2009 found that 3.9% of young people have exhibited some suicidal behavior.

## Risk factors
### Biological risk factors

Young age is itself a risk factor for suicide. Developmental changes during youth lead to psychological changes and greater impulsivity.
The risk of suicide for young female adults is higher than that of males. This may be mediated by social factors in addition to biology.

### Psychological factors

Negative affect, such as low self-esteem and hopelessness, tends to increase the risk of suicide in young adults. Strategies such as active problem solving and distraction help to protect against suicide, but maladaptive coping strategies increase the risk.
Impulsivity is a psychological factor seen to increase the risk of suicidality in young adults. It has been seen that impulsivity when combined with aggression tends to cause suicide ideation in male youth.

### Socio-environmental factors

Trauma and discrimination are strong risk factors for suicide in youth. Sexual, physical and emotional abuse are all associated with increased risk of suicide, as are experience of bullying and loneliness.
Experience of discrimination increases incidence of suicide compared to the general population. This is reflected in greater rates of suicide among members of certain castes and religious minorities. Discrimination based on gender orientation and sexuality is also a risk factor for suicide in youth in India.
Social and environmental factors contribute to the observed sex difference in prevalence. Abuse and intimate partner violence are associated with suicide. In 2019, 1400 deaths by suicide were reported as related to a dowry. Young women may also experience more economic instability and greater stigma associated with mental ill-health.

## Interventions

Evidence for interventions to prevent youth suicide in India suggests that a combination of individual therapy, family therapy and peer support system is needed. Broader public awareness interventions are advocated, rather than a focus on mental health and counselling.