OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Alexander the Great Marathon

The Alexander the Great Marathon (Greek: Μαραθώνιος Μέγας Αλέξανδρος) is an annual marathon race held in mid-April between Pella (birthplace of Alexander the Great) and Thessaloniki, Greece, since 2006.
It is an AIMS-certified race, and its editions of 2010 and 2011 received IAAF Bronze Label Road Race status.
In addition to the marathon race, the day's events include popular fun runs over five and ten kilometres.

## History

The marathon was first held on 16 April 2006.
The 2020 edition of the race was postponed to 2021 due to the coronavirus pandemic, with all entries automatically remaining valid for 2021.

## Course

The race starts from Pella, the birthplace of Alexander the Great and capital of Ancient Macedonia, and finishes in Thessaloniki.

## Winners

Key: Course record (in bold)
| Ed. | Year | Men's winner | Time | Women's winner | Time |
| 1 | 2006 | Moses Arusei (KEN) | 2:11:37 | Souad Aït Salem (ALG) | 2:28:22 |
| 2 | 2007 | David Kosgei (KEN) | 2:13:49 | Elizabeth Chemweno (KEN) | 2:36:04 |
| 3 | 2008 | Ben Kipruto (KEN) | 2:13:08 | Elizabeth Chemweno (KEN) | 2:35:04 |
| 4 | 2009 | Dejeni Gussie (ETH) | 2:12:28 | Fate Tola (ETH) | 2:36:54 |
| 5 | 2010 | Mehari Gebre (ETH) | 2:15:11 | Svitlana Stanko (UKR) | 2:41:18 |
| 6 | 2011 | Peter Biwott (KEN) | 2:13:12 | Sisay Measo (ETH) | 2:40:41 |
| 7 | 2012 | Teklu Geto (ETH) | 2:18:44 | Alina Niţuleasa (ROM) | 2:56:33 |
| 8 | 2013 | Teklu Geto (ETH) | 2:19:29 | Magdaliní Gazéa (GRE) | 2:41:46 |
| 9 | 2014 | Victor Kiprono (KEN) | 2:21:14 | Magdaliní Gazéa (GRE) | 2:47:04 |
| 10 | 2015 | Gonfa Bonsa (ETH) | 2:18:06 | Zeritu Wakjira (ETH) | 2:40:49 |
| 11 | 2016 | Albert Kibet (KEN) | 2:17:41 | Hellen Kimutai (KEN) | 2:41:50 |
| 12 | 2017 | Michalis Parmakis (GRE) | 2:28:12 | Sonia Tsekini (ALB) | 2:45:02 |
| 13 | 2018 | Daniel Chebole (KEN) | 2:16:04 | Yunes Moraa (KEN) | 2:45:19 |
| 14 | 2019 | Michalis Parmakis (GRE) | 2:33:21 | Sonia Tsekini-Boudouri (GRE) | 2:48:13 |
| | 2020 | postponed due to coronavirus pandemic | postponed due to coronavirus pandemic | postponed due to coronavirus pandemic | postponed due to coronavirus pandemic |
| 15 | 2021 | Iason Ioannidis (GRE) | 2:27:33 | Sonia Tsekini-Boudouri (GRE) | 2:45:19 |
| 16 | 2022 | Georgios Kalapodis (GRE) | 2:26:21 | Eirini Pefkianaki (GRE) | 3:02:15 |
| 17 | 2023 | Antonios-Dimitrios Papadimitriou (GRE) | 2:26:19 | Stamatia Noula (GRE) | 2:51:48 |
| 18 | 2024 | Fotios Zisimopoulos (GRE) | 2:23:40 | Stamatia Noula (GRE) | 2:45:02 |
# Sooniste

Sooniste (German: Soinitz) is a village in Märjamaa Parish, Rapla County in western Estonia.
# Aleksey Aksyonov

Aleksey Aleksandrovich Aksyonov (Russian: Алексей Александрович Аксёнов; born 10 December 1987) is a Russian sprint athlete.

## Achievements

| Year | Competition | Venue | Position | Event | Notes |
| Representing Russia ||||||
| 2009 | European U23 Championships | Kaunas, Lithuania | 9th (sf) | 400m | 46.75 |
| 2010 | European Championships | Barcelona, Spain | 1st | 4 × 400 m relay | 3:02.14 |
# Megas Alexandros Irakleia F.C.

Megas Alexandros Irakleias (Greek: Μέγας Αλέξανδρος Ηράκλειας) is a Greek football club, based in Irakleia, Serres.
The men's team played in the second highest league, the Beta Ethniki, in 1963–64 and 1964–65.
After playing on the third tier, Megas Alexandros Irakleias was relegated from the 2011–12 Football League 2, succumbing in a playoff against Proodeftiki. The relegation brought the future of the team into doubt.
# Tikhonovka, Republic of Bashkortostan

Tikhonovka (Russian: Тихоновка) is a rural locality (a village) in Korneyevsky Selsoviet, Meleuzovsky District, Bashkortostan, Russia. The population was 59 as of 2010. There is 1 street.

## Geography

Tikhonovka is located 59 km northwest of Meleuz (the district's administrative centre) by road. Nordovka is the nearest rural locality.
# Ershausen/Geismar

Ershausen/Geismar is a municipal association (German: Verwaltungsgemeinschaft) in the district of Eichsfeld, in Thuringia, Germany. The seat of the municipal association is in Schimberg.
The association consists of the following municipalities:
* Dieterode
* Geismar
* Kella
* Krombach
* Pfaffschwende
* Schimberg
* Schwobfeld
* Sickerode
* Volkerode
* Wiesenfeld
# Kosmos 2412

Kosmos 2412 (Russian: Космос 2412 meaning Cosmos 2412) is one of a set of three Russian military satellites launched in 2004 as part of the GLONASS satellite navigation system. It was launched with Kosmos 2411 and Kosmos 2413.
This satellite is a GLONASS satellite, also known as Uragan, and is numbered Uragan No. 797.
Kosmos 2411 / 2412 / 2413 were launched from Site 20/39 at Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan. A Proton-K carrier rocket with a Blok DM upper stage was used to perform the launch which took place at 13:53 UTC on 26 December 2004. The launch successfully placed the satellites into Medium Earth orbit. It subsequently received its Kosmos designation, and the International Designator 2004-053C. The United States Space Command assigned it the Satellite Catalog Number 28510.
It was in the first orbital plane in orbital slot 8. It is no longer part of the GLONASS constellation.
# Darwell Stone

Darwell Stone (1859–1941) was an Anglo-Catholic theologian and Church of England priest.

## Biography

Stone was born at Rossett, Denbighshire, on 15 September 1859. Stone was educated at Merton College, Oxford. He was made a deacon in 1883 and after being ordained priest became vice-principal of Dorchester Missionary College, Oxfordshire, in 1885. He became principal of the college in 1888. From 1909 to 1934 he was principal of Pusey House, Oxford. During his adult life he strenuously maintained High Church principles and was a defender of the theology of R. W. Church and H. P. Liddon against the teaching of the Lux Mundi school. In later life he became more and more the leader of the Anglo-Catholic Movement in the Church of England and was a strong opponent of the project to revise the Book of Common Prayer. His writings were characterized by wide and accurate learning and fairness to his opponents. From 1915 until his death he was editor of the projected Lexicon of Patristic Greek.

## Selected writings

* 1899: Holy Baptism
* 1900: Outlines of Christian Dogma
* 1902: The Church: its ministry and authority (1st Ed.)
* 1904: The Church: its ministry and authority (2nd Ed.)
* 1905: The Christian Church (1st Ed.)
* 1908: The Church: its ministry and authority (3rd Ed.)
* 1909: A History of the Doctrine of the Holy Eucharist (2 vol.)
* 1909: The Invocation of Saints (1st Ed.)
* 1910: The Christian Church (2nd Ed.)
* 1911: Communion with God : the preparation before Christ and the realization in him
* 1912: The Invocation of Saints (Enlarged)
* 1915: The Christian Church (3rd Ed.)
* 1916: The Invocation of Saints (3rd Ed.)
* 1917: The Reserved Sacrament
# Evgeniya Ivanova

Evgeniya Andreyevna Ivanova (Russian: Евгения Андреева Иванова; born 26 July 1987) is a Russian water polo player. At the 2012 Summer Olympics, she competed for the Russian team in the women's event.

## Career

She originally began to play water polo in 2000 in Nizhny Novgorod, following the example of her father and grandfather. She made her international debut at the 2006 European Championship, which Russia won. At her first World Championships, the 2009 Worlds, she scored the winning goal in Russia's bronze medal match. In 2010, she scored Russia's winning goal at the 2010 European Championships. She participated at the 2011 World Aquatics Championships, and 2017 World Aquatics Championships.
She was part of the Russian team which won bronze at the 2016 Summer Olympics.
# Dolenje Otave

Dolenje Otave (pronounced; German: Unterotawe) is a small village in the hills northeast of Begunje in the Municipality of Cerknica in the Inner Carniola region of Slovenia.

## Name

The name Dolenje Otave literally means 'lower Otave', contrasting with the name of neighboring Gorenje Otave (literally, 'upper Otave'). The name is probably derived from the Slovene common noun otava 'second crop (of hay)', referring to a meadow or area where hay could be harvested twice during the summer.
# Agios Petros, Lefkada

Agios Petros (meaning Saint Peter) (Greek: Άγιος Πέτρος) is a village and a community in the municipal unit of Apollonioi in the southern part of the Lefkada Island in Greece. The community consists of the villages Agios Petros and Ponti Agiou Petrou. Agios Petros is situated on a mountain slope 4 km (2.5 mi) north of Vasiliki, 4 km (2.5 mi) west of Syvros, and 21 km (13 mi) southwest of Lefkada.
There are many beaches nearby, with clear blue waters. The village houses are old, but well maintained, with landscaped gardens, which compose an impressive setting that fascinates visitors. The main occupations of the residents are tourism, fishing, livestock and olive trees cultivation.

## Population

| Year | Village population | Community population |
| 1981 | 725 | - |
| 1991 | 647 | - |
| 2001 | 578 | 617 |
| 2011 | 422 | 548 |
| 2021 | 397 | 461 |

## Photos

* Central road axis
* Chapel of Agia Eleousa
* Main square of the village
# Régades

Régades (French pronunciation:; Occitan: Regadas) is a commune in the Haute-Garonne department in southwestern France.
# Novyye Omelniki

Novyye Omelniki (Russian: Новые Омельники) is a rural locality (a village) in Satyyevsky Selsoviet, Miyakinsky District, Bashkortostan, Russia. The population was 64 as of 2010. There are 2 streets.

## Geography

Novyye Omelniki is located 14 km southwest of Kirgiz-Miyaki (the district's administrative centre) by road. Shatra is the nearest rural locality.
# CAMP test

The CAMP test (Christie–Atkins–Munch-Petersen) is a test to identify group B β-hemolytic streptococci (Streptococcus agalactiae) based on their formation of a substance, CAMP factor, that enlarges the area of hemolysis formed by the β-hemolysin elaborated from Staphylococcus aureus.

## CAMP factor

Although the test is usually used to identify group B streptococcus, there is some evidence that the CAMP factor gene is present in several groups of streptococci, including group A.
A similar factor has been identified in Bartonella henselae.

## Uses

The CAMP test can be used to identify Streptococcus agalactiae. Though not strongly beta-hemolytic on its own, group B strep presents with wedge-shaped colonies in the presence of Staphylococcus aureus.
It can also be used to identify Listeria monocytogenes which produces a positive CAMP reaction.

## Setup

* Streak a beta-lysin–producing strain of aureus down the center of a sheep blood agar plate.
* The test organism streak should be 3 to 4 cm long.
* Streak test organisms across the plate perpendicular to the S. aureus streak within 2 mm. (Multiple organisms can be tested on a single plate).
* Incubate at 35°-37°C in ambient air for 18-24 hours.
* Wedge shaped pattern radiating from the test organism near the S. aureus indicates positivity

## Reverse CAMP test

The reverse CAMP test is a method to identify Clostridium perfringens using β-hemolytic streptococci. The CAMP factor produced by S. agalactiae and the alpha toxin produced by C. perfringens act synergistically to produce enhanced hemolysis. Streaking these two organisms perpendicular to each other on a blood agar plate will yield a “bow tie” shaped zone of hemolysis which indicates a positive test.

## History

CAMP is an acronym for "Christie–Atkins–Munch-Peterson", for the three researchers who discovered the phenomenon.
It is often incorrectly reported as the product of four people (counting Munch-Petersen as two people). The true relationship (three people) is the reason for two en dashes and then one hyphen in Christie–Atkins–Munch-Petersen.
The name of the test bears no relationship to the name of the second messenger cyclic adenosine monophosphate (commonly referred to as cAMP).
# Gary Scott AA Provincial Championships

The Gary Scott AA Provincial Championships was a high school football championship in Canada. Schools rated AA under the American ranking style are eligible to participate. The championship was a part of the Subway Bowl held at BC Place Stadium, British Columbia, Canada, and was televised across Canada.

## History

The Shrine Bowl Provincial Championships in Canada gave way to the American style of ranking high schools for football events. Schools were divided into three classes by total enrollment in grades 9-11 only: A (0-337 students), AA (340-618 students), and AAA (619 students and up). The championships then became known as Frank Gnup AAA Provincial Championships for the AAA category, and the Gary Scott AA Provincial Championships for the AA category. Within each cup, a senior and junior championship was established.
The championships are a part of the Subway Bowl held at BC Place Stadium, in the province of British Columbia, and televised across Canada.

## Gary Scott AA Provincial Champions

| Year | Champion | Runner Up | Year | Champion | Runner Up | Year | Champion | Runner Up |
| | | | 1996 | Handsworth 20 | Windsor 13 | 2006 | Seaquam 21 | Hugh Boyd 13 |
| | | | 1997 | Windsor 28 | Sentinel 27 | 2007 | Handsworth 26 | South Delta 7 |
| 1988 | St. Thomas More 32 | Holy Cross 26 (3xOT) | 1998 | Windsor 7 | Sentinel 0 | 2008 | South Delta 16 | Seaquam 14 |
| 1989 | Terry Fox 21 | Handsworth 14 | 1999 | Delta 34 | John Barsby 13 | 2009 | Mt Douglas 41 | Windsor 20 |
| 1990 | West Vancouver 37 | Burnaby Central 7 | 2000 | John Barsby 22 | John Oliver 14 | 2010 | John Barsby 43 | Handsworth 27 |
| 1991 | Port Moody 22 | South Delta 6 | 2001 | Windsor 36 | Ballenas 34 | 2011 | Mission 16 | John Barsby 12 |
| 1992 | John Oliver 15 | Carson Graham 0 | 2002 | Ballenas 48 | Windsor 21 | 2012 | South Delta 31 | Mission 14 |
| 1993 | Carson Graham 25 | Holy Cross 0 | 2003 | Sentinel 34 | Handsworth 26 | 2013 | John Barsby 21 | Carson Graham 20 |
| 1994 | North Delta 41 | Windsor 6 | 2004 | Windsor 36 | Sentinel 6 | 2014 | John Barsby 36 | Mission 20 |
| 1995 | Windsor 38 | Norkam 12 | 2005 | Windsor 33 | Lord Tweedsmuir 8 | 2015 | Carson Graham 53 | Abbotsford 34 |
# Ratne

Ratne (Ukrainian: Ратне; Polish: Ratno; Yiddish: ראטנא Ratno) is a rural settlement in Volyn Oblast, western Ukraine. It is located in the historic region of Volhynia. Population: 9,577 (2022 estimate).

## History

Ratne is mentioned in old Ruthenian documents at the end of 12th - beginning of 13th centuries. It served as a border town where Great Prince kept his garrison (rat). The town was devastated during the Mongol invasion. In the 13th century the town housed the Ratne monastery whose hegumen was Peter of Moscow. After the Galicia-Volhynia Wars, in 14th century the territory around Ratne was annexed by the Kingdom of Poland.
Ratne was granted Magdeburg city rights by Polish King Władysław III in the 15th century. From 1366 until the partitions of Poland it was part of the Chełm Land. It was a royal city of the Crown of the Kingdom of Poland. From 1921 to 1939 it was part of the Volhynian Voivodeship of Poland.
The city had a significant Jewish population before World War II. During the war, the Jewish community suffered many attacks. The biggest massacre was on August 25, 1942. Some 1,300 persons were taken to the quarry outside the town and there fire was opened on them. A few dozen artisans remained in the town but by March 1943 these had been gradually killed off.
Of those who had fled some 30 families gathered in the forest. They succeeded in obtaining a few arms and they set up a sort of camp. During the next three months nearly all of them were slaughtered. A handful from Ratne and the surrounding villages joined various Soviet partisan units.
Until 26 January 2024, Ratne was designated urban-type settlement. On this day, a new law entered into force which abolished this status, and Ratne became a rural settlement.

## Gallery

* Church of Nativity of the Virgin
* Ratne holocaust memorial
* Graves of World War II soldiers in Ratne
# Georgios Amanatidis

Georgios Amanatidis (Greek: Γεώργιος Αμανατίδης; born 4 April 1970) is a Greek former professional footballer who played as a defender.

## Playing career

Amanatidis was captain of the Greek side Olympiacos F.C., and a member of the team which reached 7 Greek Championships successively (1997–2003). After 13 years in Olympiacos FC, he joined the roster of his former coach Takis Lemonis at Cypriot club APOEL in which he won the championship also. He also played for Apollon Kalamarias F.C., Kerkyra F.C., Ethnikos Asteras F.C. and Panachaiki FC.
Amanatidis earned 18 caps for the Greece national team.

## Personal life

He is not related to Greek footballer and striker Ioannis Amanatidis.

## Honours
### Club

Olympiacos
* Greek Championship: 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003
* Greek Cup: 1999
# Serixia rufula

Serixia rufula is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Stephan von Breuning in 1950. It is known from Borneo.
# ČSD Class T 466.2

The ČSD Class T 466.2/3, later ČD and ZSSK class 742/3, are a class of diesel locomotives, constructed by ČKD Praha between 1977 and 1986.

## History

The locomotive was developed from the ČSD Class T 448.0 shunting locomotive, modified to be more suited to ČSD's needs, including a higher top speed, lower axle loads, and the relevant signalling equipment.
The first series of 60 locomotives started to be delivered in 1977, and were allocated to depots at Bratislava, Leopoldov, Bohumín, Děčín, Trutnov, Plzeň, Ostrava, Hradec Králové, Liberec, and Ústí nad Labem. In total 494 locomotives were built, of which 438 went to the Czechoslovak State Railways
One of the locomotives, T466.2037, was the 1000th locomotive produced by ČKD Praha.
# Chlorpropham

Chlorpropham or CIPC is a plant growth regulator and herbicide used as a sprout suppressant for grass weeds, alfalfa, lima and snap beans, blueberries, cane fruit, carrots, cranberries, ladino clover, garlic, seed grass, onions, spinach, sugar beets, tomatoes, safflower, soybeans, gladioli and woody nursery stock. It is also used to inhibit potato sprouting and for sucker control in tobacco. Chlorpropham is available in emulsifiable concentrate and liquid formulations.
Chlorpropham is approved for use in the United States as a plant regulator and herbicide only on potatoes. The use of CIPC was banned in the EU and UK in 2019 after it was not reauthorised for use due to toxicity concerns, with sales prohibited from January 2020.

## Uses

When it is used as an anti-sprouting agent for potatoes, the formulation is based on HN formulation, Hot Fogging.
Commercial names include Bud Nip, Taterpex, Preventol, Elbanil, Metoxon, Nexoval, Stickman Pistols, Preweed, Furloe, Stopgerme-S, Sprout Nip, Mirvale, Bygran, ChlorIPC, Spud-Nic, Spud-Nie, Chloro-IFK, Chloro-IPC, Keim-stop, Triherbicide CIPC, OORJA. For herbicide, an EC formulation is used so that it is dissolvable in water for spray in the field.

## Toxicity

Chlorpropham displays a low level toxicity profile, with no signs of acute toxicity after exposure of less than 1000 mg/kg/day. Long term exposure at high doses (≥ 1000 mg/kg/day) could cause reduction of body weight gain, decrease in hematocrit and hemoglobin, and increase in blood reticulocytes.
Regarding the carcinogenic risk, chlorpropham is classified by the EPA as group E (non-carcinogenic). One of its metabolites is 3-chloroaniline.
The acceptable daily intake ranges from 0.03 mg/kg (FAO 2001) to 0.05 mg/Kg (EPA 1996 and EC 2003).

## Stability

Chlorpropham is partially degraded in the environment under aerobic conditions (15% to 30% after 100 days) and partially hydrolysed in water solution (90% after 59 to 130 days).
A study of the stability of chlorpropham in potatoes (estimated concentration of chlorpropham: 1.8 to 7.6 mg/kg at 10 days post-application) revealed that mean concentration of chlorpropham in the tuber decreased spontaneously by 24% and 42% at 28 days and 65 days postapplication respectively. The study also showed that peeling removed 91–98% and washing 33–47%. Residues of chlorpropham were detected in the boiled potatoes, in the boiling water, in the French-fried potatoes and in the frying oil. According to this study, the theoretical dose for a 20 kg infant eating 100g of crude-peeled tuber would be 0.00018 to 0.00342 mg/kg.
# 1975 Near Islands earthquake

The 1975 Near Islands earthquake occurred at 08:43 UTC on February 2 off the coast of Attu Island, Alaska. The earthquake had a surface-wave magnitude of 7.6 and a maximum Mercalli intensity of IX (Violent). It caused heavy damage on Shemya Island, injuring 15 residents. The runways of Shemya Air Force Base sustained cracks up to 16 inches (41 cm) wide, and crevices with as much as 54 feet (16.6 m) of displacement were observed on the island.
# Arnold Theiler

Sir Arnold Theiler KCMG (26 March 1867 – 24 July 1936) Pour le Mérite is considered to be the father of veterinary science in South Africa. He was born in Frick, Canton Aargau, Switzerland. He received his higher education, and later qualified as a veterinarian, in Zurich. In 1891, Theiler travelled to South Africa and at first found employment as a farm worker on Irene Estates near Pretoria, owned by Nellmapius, but later that year started practising as a veterinarian.
His success at producing a vaccine to combat an outbreak of smallpox among the miners of the Witwatersrand brought him an appointment as state veterinarian for the Zuid-Afrikaansche Republiek, in which capacity he served during the Anglo-Boer War of 1899–1902. During this period his research team developed a vaccine against rinderpest, a malignant and contagious disease of cattle. His tremendous energy, pioneering spirit and professional integrity brought him international recognition.
He described in 1919 what is now known as Theiler's disease, a major cause of acute hepatitis in horses. This disease is now known to be caused by a parvovirus.
Theiler was the first Director of the Onderstepoort Veterinary Research Institute, outside Pretoria. This institute under his leadership carried out research on African horse sickness, sleeping sickness, malaria, East Coast fever (Theileria parva) and tick-borne diseases such as redwater, heartwater and biliary. The University of Pretoria Faculty of Veterinary Science was established there in 1920 which enabled veterinarians to train locally for the first time. Theiler became the first dean of this faculty.
He married Emma Sophie Jegge (1861–1951) and had two sons and two daughters, the younger two of whom worked at Onderstepoort: Hans (1894–1947), a veterinarian; Margaret (1896–1988), a teacher; Gertrud (1897–1986), a parasitologist and professor; and Max Theiler (1899–1972), a Nobel laureate in 1951 in Physiology and Medicine.