OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Matter of England

Matter of England, romances of English heroes and romances derived from English legend are terms that 20th century scholars have given to a loose corpus of Medieval literature that in general deals with the locations, characters and themes concerning England, English history, or English cultural mores. It shows some continuity between the poetry and myths of the pre-Norman or "Anglo-Saxon" era of English history as well as themes motifs and plots deriving from English folklore. The term Matter of England was coined in reference to the earlier Three Matters as termed by the French author Jean Bodel; the Matter of Britain (concerning King Arthur and his knights), of France (concerning Charlemagne and his paladins) and of Rome (retelling of tales from Greco-Roman antiquity).
They are thought by scholars to derive features from the language and culture of the "low-born" parts of society and the emerging middle-class. However, such stories should not be seen as purely the domain of the English peasant and yeoman, as most of these tales survive in Anglo-Norman literary forms. The oldest surviving versions are in many cases written in Anglo-Norman or Medieval Latin—though in most cases, scholars accepted them as originally from the English tradition.
Scholars generally feel some unease with the classification and the romances included under it. Some of the unease may be connected to the theory of Matter and the fact the three Matters of Bodel have an international status not matched by the Matter of England, regardless of the fact that individual heroes such as Bevis and Guy have tales in many languages across Europe. The Matter of England lacks a consistent narrative unlike the Matters of France, Britain and Rome that generally retain a continuity of setting and characters; the only characters to appear in more than one English tale are the historical kings Richard and Athelstan (who feature in their own tales; the aforementioned Athelston and Richard coeur du lion). Tales set in England did not have an introductory linking motif that connects them to other texts until the ballads of Robin Hood. Likewise the setting isn't as recognisable as Arthurian Britain or Charlemagne's France. The romances of the Matter of England start afresh at the beginning of each romance with a new hero introduced and are set in an era from that of "vaguely Anglo-Saxon" to anywhere up to the era when the work was produced. They share only common themes and location of origin.
The TEAMs edition of Four Romances of England gives the definition of the Matter of England as "late medieval romances based in part on the oral folk culture that survived the Norman Conquest.

## List of works

There is no one agreed upon list of romances that make up the matter, but the following are usually included:
* Pre-Norman: Robert Rouse considered the Matter of England to include only those romances that were set before the Norman conquest of England,:
** Athelston
** Bevis of Hampton
** Guy of Warwick
** Horn Childe or King Horn
** The Man of Law's Tale
* Other romances:
** Fouke le Fitz Waryn
** Gamelyn
** Havelok the Dane
** Richard coeur du lion
** Waldef
# Hegemon of Thasos

Hegemon of Thasos (Greek: Ἡγήμων ό Θάσιος) was a Greek writer of the Old Comedy. Hardly anything is known of him, except that he flourished during the Peloponnesian War. According to Aristotle (Poetics, ii. 5) he was the inventor of a kind of parody; by slightly altering the wording in well-known poems he transformed the sublime into the ridiculous. When the news of the disastrous defeat of the Sicilian Expedition reached Athens, his parody of the Gigantomachia was being performed: it is said that the audience were so amused by it that, instead of leaving to show their grief, they remained in their seats.
He was also the author of a comedy called Philinne (Philine), written in the manner of Eupolis and Cratinus, in which he attacked a well-known courtesan. Athenaeus (p. 698), who preserves some parodic hexameters of his, relates other anecdotes concerning him (pp. 5, 108, 407).

## Criticisms

In Aristotle's Poetics, Aristotle states "Homer, for example, makes men better than they are; Cleophon as they are; Hegemon the Thasian, the inventor of parodies, and Nicochares, the author of the Diliad, worse than they are."
# 1954 Sacramento State Hornets football team

The 1954 Sacramento State Hornets football team represented Sacramento State College—now known as California State University, Sacramento—as a member of the Far Western Conference (FWC) during the 1954 college football season. It was the program's inaugural season of intercollegiate play. Led by first-year head coach Dave Strong, Sacramento State compiled an overall record of 0–7 with a mark of 0–5 in conference play, placing last out of seven teams in the FWC. For the season the team was outscored by its opponents 217 to 40 and was held scoreless in four of the seven games. The Hornets played home games at Charles C. Hughes Stadium in Sacramento, California.

## Schedule

| Date | Opponent | Site | Result | Attendance |
| September 25 | San Diego NTS (CA)* | Charles C. Hughes StadiumSacramento, CA | L 0–46 | |
| October 2 | Humboldt State | Hughes StadiumSacramento, CA | L 7–28 | 2,000 |
| October 9 | Cal Aggies | Charles C. Hughes StadiumSacramento, CA (rivalry) | L 0–14 | |
| October 23 | Chico State | Charles C. Hughes StadiumSacramento, CA | L 0–40 | |
| November 6 | at Nevada | Mackay StadiumReno, NV | L 14–28 | |
| November 12 | at San Francisco State | Cox StadiumSan Francisco, CA | L 0–40 | |
| November 20 | at Alameda NAS (CA) | Alameda, CA | L 19–21 | |
| *Non-conference game ||||||
# Albatrellus flettii

Albatrellus flettii, commonly known as the blue-capped polypore, is a species of fungus in the family Albatrellaceae. It was originally described in 1941 by Elizabeth Eaton Morse as Polyporus flettii, but this naming was invalid as it lacked a Latin description. Zdeněk Pouzar transferred it to Albatrellus in 1972.
The bluish to tan caps are 5–15 centimetres (2–6 in) wide and often include a pattern small cracks revealing the light flesh. The spore print is white.
Similar species include the typically smaller Neoalbatrellus caeruleoporus and N. subcaeruleoporus, as well as Osteina obducta and members of Polyozellus.
The species is found in western North America, where it grows on the ground in coniferous forests.
# R339 (South Africa)

The R339 is a Regional Route in South Africa that connects Knysna with Uniondale via Avontuur. It is primarily a gravel road and crosses the Langkloof Mountains at Prince Alfred's Pass.

## Route

From its southern origin at the N2 in Knysna, it heads north. It meets the north-western terminus of the R340 and heads into the Prince Alfred's Pass. On the other side, it meets the R62 at Avontuur at a staggered interchange. It then heads into another pass, the Uniondale Poort Pass, before reaching Uniondale. At Uniondale it is cosigned with the N9 heading north-east. It diverges from the N9 just north of the town heading north to its origin at the R341.
The tarred section of the road between Avontuur and Uniondale was closed in 2007 due to flood damage but was since re-opened.
# National Project

The National Project (Spanish: Proyecto Nacional - PRONAL) was a Nicaraguan political party founded in 1995 by Antonio Lacayo, son-in-law of Violeta Barrios de Chamorro. Lacayo was prohibited from running in the 1996 elections by the Supreme Electoral Council (CSE) due to his family ties with President Chamorro. PRONAL ran instead with presidential candidate Benjamín Lanzas who pulled 0.53% (9,323 valid votes).
# Mutations (Vijay Iyer album)

Mutations is a studio album by American jazz pianist Vijay Iyer recorded in September 2013 and released on ECM the following year. The titular suite features a string quartet consisting of violinists Michi Wiancko and Miranda Cuckson, violist Kyle Armbrust, and cellist Kivie Cahn-Lipman.

## Reception

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| Allmusic | |
| All About Jazz | |
| The Guardian | |
| Financial Times | |
| RTÉ.ie | |
| Exclaim! | 7/10 |
| Tom Hull | A– |
The AllMusic review by Thom Jurek awarded the album 4½ stars out of 5, stating "Mutations rewards with well-considered, inspired performances."
Writing for All About Jazz, John Kelman said "Mutations is a landmark recording from an artist who, while already possessing an admirable discography, has clearly been limited to more decidedly jazz-oriented concerns. Representing a significant musical shift, if Mutations is but the first sign of the greater freedom ECM plans to afford Iyer, the only vaticinator of what's to follow will surely be its complete and utter unpredictability."
The Guardian review by John Fordham awarded the album 4 stars noting "It's thoughtful, typically original, and unexpectedly very exciting." Rob Shepherd, writing for PostGenre, noted "Vijay Iyer’s first for ECM is also arguably his best [to date]. While his previous releases showcased a supremely talented pianist, it appears that signing with the Munich based label opened a number of doors creatively for him."
Not all reviews were as enthusiastic, with JazzTimes stating that "Mutations is a major disappointment. The problem is Iyer's writing for strings. There is a 10-part suite for string quartet, piano and electronics. The suite is stunningly devoid of the aesthetic and emotional content that makes most people listen to music. Qualities such as lyric discovery, melodic fulfillment and rhythmic engagement are absent."

## Track listing

All compositions by Vijay Iyer
* "Spellbound and Sacrosanct, Cowrie Shells and the Shimmering Sea" - 7:39
* "Vuln, Part 2" - 4:34
* "Mutation 1: Air" - 4:12
* "Mutation 2: Rise" - 2:44
* "Mutation 3: Canon" - 5:47
* "Mutation 4: Chain" - 5:25
* "Mutation 5: Automata" - 6:32
* "Mutation 6: Waves" - 3:00
* "Mutation 7: Kernel" - 5:59
* "Mutation 8: Clade" - 1:34
* "Mutation 9: Descent" - 5:17
* "Mutation 10: Time" - 4:00
* "When We're Gone" - 3:30

## Personnel

* Vijay Iyer — piano, electronics
* Michi Wiancko, Miranda Cuckson — violin (tracks 3-12)
* Kyle Armbrust — viola (tracks 3-12)
* Kivie Cahn-Lipman — cello (tracks 3-12)
# Abarghan, Sarab

Abarghan (Persian: ابرغان) is a village in, and the capital of, Abarghan Rural District of the Central District of Sarab County, East Azerbaijan province, Iran.

## Demographics
### Population

At the time of the 2006 National Census, the village's population was 1,301 in 315 households. The following census in 2011 counted 1,006 people in 321 households. The 2016 census measured the population of the village as 840 people in 291 households.
# Vanessa van Kooperen

Vanessa Schmoranzer (van Kooperen) (born 27 July 1972 in Bergisch Gladbach) is a German former field hockey player who competed in the 1996 Summer Olympics.
# Shizuo Satō

Shizuo Satō (Japanese: 佐藤静雄 Satō Shizuo; 4 November 1931 – 16 January 2022) was a Japanese politician. A member of the Liberal Democratic Party, he served in the House of Councillors from 1992 to 1998. He died from a myocardial infarction on 16 January 2022, at the age of 90.
# Ahmadabad-e Sofla, East Azerbaijan

Ahmadabad-e Sofla (Persian: احمدابادسفلي, also Romanized as Aḩmadābād-e Soflá; also known as Aḩmadābād-e Pā’īn) is a village in Abarghan Rural District, in the Central District of Sarab County, East Azerbaijan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 416, in 78 families.
# Malaysia–Oman relations

Malaysia–Oman relations (Malay: Hubungan Malaysia–Oman; Jawi: هوبوڠن مليسيا–اومن; Arabic: العلاقات الماليزية العمانية alealaqat almaliziat aleumania) refers to the bilateral relationship between Malaysia and Oman. Malaysia has an embassy in Muscat, and Oman has an embassy in Kuala Lumpur.

## History

Official diplomatic relations were established in 1983, followed with the establishment of Malaysian embassy in Muscat in the same year. On 3 March 1982, Malaysian Prime Minister Mahathir Mohamad made an official visit to Oman.
Oman established its embassy in Kuala Lumpur on 2011.

## Economic relations

The total trade between the two countries grew from $28.1 million in 1995 to $1.06 billion in 2006 with Malaysia's exports to Oman increased from $26.4 million to $108 million and imports expanded from $1.7 million to $956 million. In 2009, a memorandum of understanding (MoU) was signed between Malaysia and Oman to improve co-ordination of trade and small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs).
Trade stood at nearly RM500 million during January–October 2010, with Malaysia's main exports to Oman being edible oil, machinery, appliances and parts, wood products, electrical and electronic products. Oman and Malaysia signed an agreement for Oman to import frozen chicken from Malaysia, costing RM120 million. Oman imports most of its food, up to 80%.
In 2011, Shell Malaysia Trading Sdn Bhd (SMTSB) signed a sale and purchase agreement with Oman's National Gas Co SAOG (NGC) to divest its liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) business in West Malaysia at an undisclosed amount. An agreement in cyber security co-operation was also signed between the two countries in 2015.
As of 2013, there are around 1,300 Omani students in Malaysia with 30,000 tourists from Oman have visiting Malaysia, while 1,000 Malaysians are working in Oman mainly in oil and gas, construction medical and as academicians. As of 2017, both countries are working to increase their trade relationship. In 2022, Omani ambassador Sheikh Al-Abbas Ibrahim Hamed Al Harthi said that the countries continue to have a positive relationship.
# João Gonzalez

João Gonzalez (born February 11, 1996) is a Portuguese film director and animator based in Porto. He is mostly known for writing and directing the multi-award-winning short film Ice Merchants, which premiered and was awarded at Cannes Film Festival the same year. On January 24, 2023, "Ice Merchants" became the first Portuguese production to ever receive an Academy Award nomination.

## Career

Gonzalez did a Multimedia Arts BA at ESMAD in Porto, where he graduated in 2017, specialising in the field of animation. Recipient of a scholarship from the Calouste Gulbenkian Foundation, he did a Masters of Arts at the Royal College of Art (UK), from which he graduated in 2020. As of January 2023, he works as a director and animator in Porto, at the COLA animation collective. He is also a composer, working on the original scores of his films.

## Filmography

* The Voyager (2017)
* Nestor (2019)
* Ice Merchants (2022)

## Recognition

His first film and final BA project The Voyager received the International New Talent Award at the BFI Future Film Festival and Best Student Film awards at CINANIMA. His Master's film "Nestor" received the António Gaio Award at Cinanima and Best Student Film Award at the Quirino Awards. His latest film, Ice Merchants, was shortlisted and nominated for the 95th Academy Awards and received a nomination for Best European Short Film at the 2022 European Film Awards.
Gonzalez is the first Portuguese animation filmmaker to be awarded at Festival de Cannes, where his film Ice Merchants won the Jury Prize for Best Short film, in competition at the Critics Week. The film has received 9 Oscar Qualifying Awards, including the Golden Hugo for Best Animation Short Film at the Chicago International Film Festival and the Best Animation Short Film Award at the Melbourne International Film Festival.
# Bakrani Road railway station

Bakrani Road Railway Station (Urdu: باکرانی روڈ ریلوے اسٹیشن, Sindhi: باڪراڻي روڊ ریلوي اسٽیشن) is located in Pakistan.
# Nikaia, Larissa

Nikaia (Greek: Νίκαια) is a town and a former municipality in the Larissa regional unit, Thessaly, Greece. Located 4 km south of Larissa city, it forms a part of Larissa's metropolitan area, that lies in the Thessalian plain. Since the 2011 local government reform, it has been part of the municipality Kileler, of which it is the seat and a municipal unit. The population is 5,436 (2021). The municipal unit has an area of 279.562 km$^2$.
# Liigvalla

Liigvalla (German: Löwenwolde) is a village in Väike-Maarja Parish, Lääne-Viru County in northeastern Estonia.
# AirAttack

AirAttack (AirAttack HD) is a 2010 action video game developed and published by Slovak studio Art In Games (Coyla games).

## Design

Touch Arcade notes "AirAttack departs from the traditional 2D platform of vertical shoot-em-ups and opts for a fully realistic 3D world", creating a point of difference from other similar games of this nature.

## Gameplay

AirAttack is an action video game played from top-down perspective and three-dimensional environment. At the beginning of the game, the player starts with three planes, resembling the F4U Corsair, P-38 Lightning and a Yakolev Yak-3. They must choose one from the three and start their fight. The latter planes also use flamethrower and fireball. A flamethrower is used to burn all types of enemies, while the fireball serves the plane as deflection from crashing into another planes with swift pivotal circulation. The player's plane has a primary weapon that fires continuously at a constant velocity that can attack aerial enemies, land enemies except the train, and certain buildings. The plane is manipulated by moving it along screen, possibly using mouse, tilting the device, joypad and relative touch (manual input sensitivity). Double tapping the screen drops a bomb that can destroy land enemies and buildings in order to collect coins. Shop also appears throughout the level. Player can enter it to buy gadgets such as homing rockets, super rockets, turrets, shields, side planes, lightnings, bombs that can destroy wider area, extra lives, cannons, and timewraps (provides slow motion technique).

## Reception

Aggregate scores :
| Aggregator | Score |
| GameRankings | 78.75% |
| Metacritic | 84/100 |
Review scores :
| Publication | Score |
| 148 Apps | |
| AppSpy | |
| Common Sense Media | |
| Multiplayer.it | 9/10 |
| Pocket Gamer | 6/10 |
| Slide to Play | 3/4 |
The game received generally positive reviews from critics. Aggregating review website GameRankings provides an average rating of 78.75% based on 4 reviews, whereas Metacritic provides an average rating of 84 out of 100 based on 6 reviews, meaning generally favorable reviews.

## Sequel

A sequel has been released in 2015 by Art In Games.
# Osmund Reynolds

Edward Osmund Royle Reynolds (born 3 February 1933, in Brighton - died 24 April 2017), was a British paediatrician and neonatologist who was most notable for the introduction of new techniques intended to improve the survival of newborns, especially those with respiratory failure, and for a series of papers regarding the value of techniques such as ultrasound imaging, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and near infrared spectroscopy in determining the development and response to injury of the infant brain after birth.

## Life

Edmunds was the son of Edward Reynolds, a solicitor, and his wife, Edna (née Jones). He was educated at St Paul's School, London, then qualified at St Thomas' Hospital in 1958, interrupting his course to study science with Henry Barcroft and Maureen Young.
Reynolds was a world championship fencer, winning a bronze in the team event in the 1955 World Fencing Championships.

## Career

In 1962, Reynolds travelled to the United States as a research fellow with Dav Cook visiting both the Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School. While there, they researched hyaline membrane disease. After a quick visit to Yale School of Medicine, Reynolds returned to the UK in 1964, taking an appointment at the Department of Paediatrics at University College Hospital in London, working under Professor Leonard B. Strang and to help him establish a unit to study the fetal and neonatal lung. This collaboration led to team which produced a series of remarkable reports on pathophysiology.
Starting in 1976, Reynolds was appointed to the Chair in Neonatal Paediatrics at the University of London, becoming Emeritus in 1996. He was also Head of the Department of Paediatrics at University College London and the Middlesex School of Medicine from 1987 to 1992.
He also served as president of the Neonatal Society.

## Contribututions

Reynolds was one of the first pioneers in imagining to appraise brain injury in children suffering from Hypoxia. He researched the condition in both piglets and lambs, and this research led to formation of a team, that was able to build a device that captured the first human phosphorus nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. This led to Reynolds most important discovery, that brain cells didn't die after injury, but instead there was a period where the physician could intervene to repair the injury. This research led to the discovery of therapeutic hypothermia, that cooled the brain to reduce damage, a treatment that is standard for babies with brain damage.

### Awards and honours

His awards include the
* James Spence Medal,
* Dawson-Williams Memorial Prize,
* Harding Award
* Maternité Prize.
He was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society in 1993. Reynolds was appointed a CBE in 1995 and elected a Fellow of the Academy of Medical Sciences in 1998.
# Eyburie

Eyburie (French pronunciation:; Occitan: Esburia) is a commune in the Corrèze department in central France.
# Preddvor

Preddvor (pronounced; German: Höflein) is a settlement in Slovenia. It is the seat of the Municipality of Preddvor.

## Name

The settlement was first attested in written sources in 1147 as Niwenhouen (literally, 'new manor') and as Neunhouen in 1238 and Vorm hoff (literally, 'in front of the manor') in 1488. The Slovene name Preddvor is a fused prepositional phrase that has lost its case inflection, from pred 'in front of' + dvor 'manor'. In the past the German name was Höflein.

## Mass grave

Preddvor is the site of a mass grave associated with the Second World War. The Danica Mansion Mass Grave (Slovene: Grobišče pri vili Danica) is located between the Danica Mansion and Lake Črnava, near the third light post from the lake. Human remains were unearthed here during excavation work in 1970. The remainder of the work avoided the area.

## Preddvor Castle

Preddvor Castle (Slovene: Grad Preddvor), also known as the Wurzbach Manor (Wurzbachova graščina), stands in the middle of the town. It was first mentioned in written sources in 1147, when it was granted to Viktring Abbey by Berthold II. It was taken over by Stična Abbey in 1608, which used it as a recuperation facility for ill and elderly monks. It was then purchased by the Wurzbach family; the physician Arthur Wurzbach sold the castle's land and farm buildings, and converted the building for tourism in 1920. It was sold again in 1936 and converted into a sanatorium with the name Hotel Grintavec. During the Second World War, the castle was used by the German military and police. In 1945 it served as a collection center for children from Bosnia, and in 1947 as a juvenile correction facility. After this it fell into disrepair.

## Church

The church in Preddvor is dedicated to Saint Peter. It dates from the mid-18th century and contains a painting of the Last Supper by Janez Wolf (1825–1884) and frescoes by Matija Bradaška (1852–1915). The chapel in front of the church has paintings by Leopold Layer (1752–1828).
# Dar Cheshmeh

Dar Cheshmeh (Persian: درچشمه) is a village in Garmsar Rural District, Jebalbarez-e Jonubi District, Anbarabad County, Kerman Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 154, in 33 families.
# Saint-Salvadour

Saint-Salvadour (French pronunciation:; Occitan: Sent Salvador) is a commune in the Corrèze department in central France.
# Rangarj Mahalleh

Rangarj Mahalleh (Persian: رنگرج محله, also Romanized as Rangarj Maḩalleh) is a village in Khaleh Sara Rural District, Asalem District, Talesh County, Gilan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 77, in 21 families.