# C. Michael Gibson

Charles Michael Gibson is an American interventional cardiologist at Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, cardiovascular researcher, and professor at Harvard Medical School. He is best known for inventing the TIMI frame count and the TIMI myocardial perfusion grade, measures of coronary blood flow.

## Early life and education

Gibson was born and raised in Tulsa, Oklahoma. He attended the University of Chicago and the University of Chicago Pritzker School of Medicine where he earned his Bachelor of Science, Master of Science, and Doctor of Medicine (MD) degrees in Biology and Medicine. In 1989, Gibson completed his internship and residency in Internal Medicine at Brigham and Women's Hospital at Harvard Medical School. From 1989 to 1993, he was a fellow at Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center at Harvard Medical School.

## Career

Gibson returned in 1992 to Brigham to serve as Chief Medical Resident. He subsequently held positions as Director of the Coronary Care Unit of Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Director of the Cath Lab and Chief of Cardiology at the West Roxbury Veterans Administration Hospital. He served as Cath Lab Director and Associate Chief of Cardiology at University of California, San Francisco before coming back to Boston where he served as Associate Chief of Cardiology of Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center.
Gibson is the inventor of the TIMI frame count and the TIMI myocardial perfusion grade, measures of coronary blood flow. He also led the first large trial (the PIONEER trial) to show that dual therapy with an antiplatelet and an anticoagulant is superior to triple therapy with two antiplatelet agents in patients with atrial fibrillation who require a stent. He was appointed CEO of the BAIM Institute for Clinical Research, a non-profit academic research organization (ARO) known formerly as Harvard Clinical Research Institute (HCRI). Gibson founded and is Editor-in-Chief of WikiDoc, an online open source encyclopedia of medicine. He was medical lead while partnering with Microsoft, Google, and Yahoo! to design Schema.org, a system of content classification to improve medical search results.
Gibson founded and leads PERFUSE, an academic research organization. He has been principal investigator and/or led core services for 106 clinical trials. Under Gibson, PERFUSE built a master database consisting of TIMI studies spanning 25 years and involving 100,000 patients. He has led phase 1-4 clinical trials and cardiology megatrials exceeding 30,000 patients. Gibson is an at-large member of the US Food and Drug Administration’s cardiorenal panel having served as a standing member from 2017 to 2021.

## Recognition

In 2014, Thomson Reuters voted Gibson one of the most influential scientific minds of 2002-2012. He was voted one of Boston's Top Doctors in Boston magazine from 2009 to 2012, one of America’s Top Doctors in U.S. News & World Report from 2010 to 2014, and one of America’s Top Doctors by Castle Connolly Medical in 2012. In a 2021 peer-reviewed article in AIMS Public Health, Gibson was ranked the #1 cardiology influencer on Twitter.

## Selected publications

* Gibson, C. Michael; Cannon, Christopher P.; Daley, William L.; Dodge, Jr., J. Theodore; Alexander, Barbara; Marble, Susan J.; McCabe, Carolyn H.; Raymond, Lori; Fortin, Terry; Poole, W. Kenneth; Braunwald, Eugene (1996-03-01). "TIMI Frame Count: A Quantitative Method of Assessing Coronary Artery Flow". Circulation. 93 (5): 879–888. doi:10.1161/01.CIR.93.5.879. PMID 8598078.
* Antman, Elliott M.; Louwerenburg, Hans W.; Baars, Hubert F.; Wesdorp, Jan C.L.; Hamer, Bas; Bassand, Jean-Pierre; Bigonzi, Frederique; Pisapia, Ghislaine; Gibson, C. Michael; Heidbuchel, Hein; Braunwald, Eugene; Van de Werf, Frans (2002-06-11). "Enoxaparin as adjunctive antithrombin therapy for ST-elevation myocardial infarction: results of the ENTIRE-Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction (TIMI) 23 Trial". Circulation. 105 (23): 1642–1649. doi:10.1161/01.cir.0000013402.34759.46. PMID 11940541. S2CID 10913188.
* Gibson, C. Michael; Cannon, Christopher P.; Murphy, Sabina A.; Marble, Susan J.; Barron, Hal V.; Braunwald, Eugene (2002-04-23). "Relationship of the TIMI Myocardial Perfusion Grades, Flow Grades, Frame Count, and Percutaneous Coronary Intervention to Long-Term Outcomes After Thrombolytic Administration in Acute Myocardial Infarction". Circulation. 105 (16): 1909–13. doi:10.1161/01.cir.0000014683.52177.b5. PMID 11997276. S2CID 14532554.
* Wong, Graham C.; Morrow, David A.; Murphy, Sabina; Kraimer, Nicole; Pai, Rupal; James, David; Robertson, Debbie H.; Demopoulos, Laura A.; DiBattiste, Peter; Cannon, Christopher P.; Gibson, C. Michael (2002-06-09). "Elevations in Troponin T and I Are Associated With Abnormal Tissue Level Perfusion: A TACTICS-TIMI 18 Substudy". Circulation. 106 (2): 202–7. doi:10.1161/01.cir.0000021921.14653.28. PMID 12105159. S2CID 25990116.
* Kunadian, Vijayalakshmi; Harrigan, Caitlin; Zorkun, Cafer; Palmer, Alexandra M.; Ogando, Katherine J.; Biller, Leah H.; Lord, Erin E.; Williams, Scott P.; Lew, Michelle E.; Ciaglo, Lauren N.; Buros, Jacqueline L.; Marble, Susan J.; Gibson, William J.; Gibson, C. Michael (2008-04-20). "Use of the TIMI frame count in the assessment of coronary artery blood flow and microvascular function over the past 15 years". Journal of Thrombosis and Thrombolysis. 27 (3): 316–28. doi:10.1007/s11239-008-0220-3. PMID 18425623. S2CID 5726438.
* Gibson, C. Michael; Mehran, Roxana; Bode, Christoph; Halperin, Jonathan; Verheugt, Freek W.; Wildgoose, Peter; Birmingham, Mary; Ianus, Juliana; Burton, Paul; van Eickels, Martin; Korjian, Serge; Daaboul, Yazan; Lip, Gregory Y.H.; Cohen, Marc; Husted, Steen; Peterson, Eric D.; Fox, Keith A. (2016-12-22). "Prevention of Bleeding in Patients with Atrial Fibrillation Undergoing PCI". New England Journal of Medicine. 375 (25): 2423–2434. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa1611594. hdl:20.500.11820/b2bee2e8-0ce9-4963-9c3f-3a43ec8c6526. PMID 27959713.