OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Pinarus River

The Pinarus River (Greek: Πίναρος) is a small stream in southern Anatolia near today's Turkey—Syria border. It was famous in antiquity as the site of the First Battle of Issus, where Alexander the Great defeated Darius III of Persia.
Ancient sources describe it as being near a small coastal village or town which straddled the stream. The river was said to run red with blood after Alexander the Great, leading his elite Companion cavalry turned the right flank of the Persians, smashed the center, and routed the Persian forces personally led by Darius III of Persia, who subsequently fled the field in a panic.
Speculation on the location of the Pinarus has been raging for over 80 years. It was formerly believed it to be the Deli Çay, but the distances measured by Alexander's bematists and observations of the local topography, as compared to ancient descriptions, indicate that the Pinarus is actually the Payas River.
The Issos River at approx. 36.30 east by 36.60 north is the geographical point that the battle is named after. The river starts in the hills and flows approx. 40 miles (64 km) due west to the coast.
# Komsomolsky, Davlekanovsky District, Republic of Bashkortostan

Komsomolsky (Russian: Комсомольский) is a rural locality (a selo) in Rassvetovsky Selsoviet, Davlekanovsky District, Bashkortostan, Russia. The population was 259 as of 2010. There are 5 streets.

## Geography

Komsomolsky is located 9 km northwest of Davlekanovo (the district's administrative centre) by road. Doroshevka is the nearest rural locality.
# Kirjathaim

Kirjathaim (Greek: Κιριαθαίμ), meaning in Hebrew "town" or "city".
Kirjathaim may refer to:
* A city of refuge in Naphtali (1 Chronicles 6:76).
* A town on the east of Jordan (Genesis 14:5; Deuteronomy 2:9–10). It was assigned to the tribe of Reuben (Numbers 32:37). In the time of (Ezekiel 25:9) it was one of the four cities which formed the "glory of Moab" (Compare Jeremiah 48:1,23). It has been identified with el-Kureiyat, 11 miles south-west of Medeba, on the south slope of Jebel Attarus, the ancient Ataroth.
# Thomas J. Dodd Jr.

Thomas Joseph Dodd Jr. (born 1935) is an American diplomat and academic who served as the United States Ambassador to Uruguay (1993–1997) and to Costa Rica (1997–2001).

## Early life and education

Dodd gained an affinity for speaking Spanish as a teenager while going down to the docks in his hometown in Connecticut, where he often interacted with Spanish speaking-immigrants who worked as fishermen. He obtained his B.S.F.S from the School of Foreign Service in 1957. He went on to earn his Master of Arts and PhD from George Washington University, where he was also formerly an adjunct professor.

## Career

Dodd was a Second Lieutenant at Fort Holabird in Baltimore from 1958 to 1959. From 1960 to 1961, he was a captain in the United States Army, where he was assigned to the Military Intelligence Detachment with the 49th Armored Division. Dodd was awarded the Army Commendation Medal in 1961.
Dodd has taught Latin American history and diplomacy at the School of Foreign Service for over 30 years, where he is professor emeritus. He has written several books on Latin America and edited the papers of the Colombian diplomat Tomás Herrán. Dodd is also the author of a biography of Tiburcio Carias. He is a member of the Inter-American Foundation board of directors.

## Personal life

Dodd is the son of the late former U.S. Senator Thomas J. Dodd and brother of former U.S. Senator Chris Dodd.

## Books

* Tiburcio Carias: Portrait of a Honduran Political Leader, Louisiana State University Press, 2005.
* Managing Democracy in Central America: United States Election Supervision in Nicaragua, 1927-1933, Lynne Rienner Publishers, 1992
* The Letters of Tomás Herrán and the Panama Crisis, 1900-1903.
# Dorio, Messenia

Dorio (Greek: Δώριο) is a village and a former municipality in Messenia, Peloponnese, Greece. Since the 2011 local government reform it is part of the municipality Oichalia, of which it is a municipal unit. The municipal unit has an area of 102.832 km$^2$. The population of the municipal unit is 1,839, and of the village alone 765 (2021 census). Dorio is 170 metres (560 ft) above sea level. The small settlement of Ano Dorio is nearby. Dorio has been mentioned in Homer's Iliad, and by Strabo and Pausanias. Homer recounts a myth that Dorio was the location of a music competition between Thamyris and the Muses.
# Sainte-Terre

Sainte-Terre (French pronunciation:; Occitan: Senta Tèrra) is a commune in the Gironde department in Nouvelle-Aquitaine in southwestern France.
# Igon

Igon (French pronunciation:; Occitan: Aigon) is a commune in the Pyrénées-Atlantiques department in southwestern France.
# Bodoni (surname)

Bodoni is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Gavril Bănulescu-Bodoni (1746–1821), Moldovan clergyman
* Giambattista Bodoni (1740–1813), Italian engraver, publisher and printer, creator of the Bodoni typeface
* Giancarlo Bodoni, American Brazilian jiu-jitsu practitioner
* Zsolt Bodoni (born 1975), Hungarian painter
# Guttiner

Guttiner Heider Fernando Costa Tenorio (born 6 October 1994), commonly known as Gucci, is a Brazilian professional footballer who plays as a midfielder for Emirati club Masfout.

## Career

Guttiner is a player who started in the basic categories of América Futebol Clube (Belo Horizonte) (MG) and began his professional career at Bonsucesso Futebol Clube, played in Associação Acadêmica e Desportiva Vitória das Tabocas (Recife).
In July 2017, he signed a 2+1⁄2-year deal with the Ukrainian Premier League's FC Olimpik Donetsk. In December, 2017 contract was terminated and he left Ukrainian club. In February 2018, Guttiner signed for fellow Ukrainian Premier League side Chornomorets Odesa.
# Kuropatkino

Kuropatkino (Russian: Куропаткино) or Kakavadzor (Armenian: Կաքավաձոր, Russian: Какавадзор) is a village located in the Khojavend District of Azerbaijan, in the region of Nagorno-Karabakh. The village had an Azerbaijani majority prior to their exodus during the First Nagorno-Karabakh War.

## History

During the Soviet period, the village was a part of the Martuni District of the Nagorno-Karabakh Autonomous Oblast.

## Economy and culture

The village is part of the community of Martuni.

## Demographics

The village had an ethnic Armenian population of 30 inhabitants in 2005.
# Préchacq-les-Bains

Préchacq-les-Bains (French pronunciation:; Occitan: Preishac) is a commune in the Landes department in Nouvelle-Aquitaine in southwestern France.

## Population

| Year | Pop. | ±% p.a. |
| 1793 | 411 | — |
| 1800 | 458 | +1.56% |
| 1806 | 491 | +1.17% |
| 1821 | 555 | +0.82% |
| 1831 | 604 | +0.85% |
| 1836 | 583 | −0.71% |
| 1841 | 584 | +0.03% |
| 1846 | 616 | +1.07% |
| 1851 | 635 | +0.61% |
| 1856 | 717 | +2.46% |
| 1861 | 660 | −1.64% |
| 1866 | 654 | −0.18% |
| 1872 | 635 | −0.49% |
| 1876 | 682 | +1.80% |
| 1881 | 712 | +0.86% |
| 1886 | 721 | +0.25% |
| 1891 | 718 | −0.08% |
| 1896 | 655 | −1.82% |
| Year | Pop. | ±% p.a. |
| 1901 | 648 | −0.21% |
| 1906 | 630 | −0.56% |
| 1911 | 589 | −1.34% |
| 1921 | 527 | −1.11% |
| 1926 | 530 | +0.11% |
| 1931 | 533 | +0.11% |
| 1936 | 516 | −0.65% |
| 1946 | 502 | −0.27% |
| 1954 | 501 | −0.02% |
| 1962 | 465 | −0.93% |
| 1968 | 471 | +0.21% |
| 1975 | 452 | −0.59% |
| 1982 | 428 | −0.78% |
| 1990 | 462 | +0.96% |
| 1999 | 462 | +0.00% |
| 2007 | 583 | +2.95% |
| 2012 | 682 | +3.19% |
| 2017 | 733 | +1.45% |
Source: EHESS and INSEE (1968–2017) :
# Chatzon

Chatzon (Greek: Χάτζων) or, in some modern Slavic studies, Hacon (Хацон), was a Slavic chieftain (έξαρχος Σκλαβίνων 'exarch of the Sclaveni' in the Greek sources) who, according to Book II of the Miracles of Saint Demetrius, led a coalition of Slavic tribes to attack the Byzantine city of Thessalonica in 615.
The Slavs with their families encamped in front of the city walls and even launched an attack by sea, but the latter failed due to a storm (attributed by the Byzantines to the intervention of Saint Demetrius, Thessalonica's patron saint) which sunk many of the Slavs' logboats, after which the siege was lifted. Chatzon himself was allowed to enter the city during negotiations shortly after; however, the urban mob rioted at the instigation of the mothers of those slain during the siege and killed him, despite the city leaders' attempts to hide him. After this, the Slavs asked for the help of the Avars, resulting in the unsuccessful month-long siege of the city by the combined Avar and Slavic forces in 617/618.
# Al-Rayah al-Wasta

Al-Rayah al-Wasta (Arabic: الرايه الوسطى) is a sub-district located in Iyal Surayh District, 'Amran Governorate, Yemen. Al-Rayah al-Wasta had a population of 17653 according to the 2004 census.
# Lasht-e Nesha District

Lasht-e Nesha District (Persian: بخش لشت نشا) is in Rasht County, Gilan province, Iran. Its capital is the city of Lasht-e Nesha.

## Demographics
### Population

At the time of the 2006 National Census, the district's population was 36,316 in 11,006 households. The following census in 2011 counted 33,972 people in 11,550 households. The 2016 census measured the population of the district as 31,894 inhabitants in 11,479 households.

### Administrative divisions

Lasht-e Nesha District Population :
| Administrative Divisions | 2006 | 2011 | 2016 |
| Aliabad-e Ziba Kenar RD | 9,606 | 9,215 | 7,764 |
| Gafsheh-ye Lasht-e Nesha RD | 9,187 | 8,072 | 7,799 |
| Jirhandeh-ye Lasht-e Nesha RD | 6,652 | 6,023 | 5,792 |
| Lasht-e Nesha (city) | 10,871 | 10,662 | 10,539 |
| Total | 36,316 | 33,972 | 31,894 |
| RD = Rural District ||||
# Poliocephalus

Poliocephalus and its counterparts poliocephala and poliocephalum are Greek words meaning 'grey-headed'. Poliocephalus is the name for a genus of grebes, while Poliocephala is the name for a genus of flies. The two words are often used as the second word of a binomial name.
Species names poliocephalus or poliocephala could refer to any of the following:

## Mammals

* the grey-headed flying-fox, Pteropus poliocephalus
* a tayra subspecies, Eira barbara poliocephala
* the white-headed langur, Trachypithecus poliocephalus

## Birds

* the ashy-headed goose Chloephaga poliocephala
* the brown-chested alethe Pseudalethe poliocephala
* the gray-crowned palm-tanager Phaenicophilus poliocephalus
* the gray-crowned yellowthroat Geothlypis poliocephala
* the grey-crowned flatbill Tolmomyias poliocephalus
* the grey-headed babbler Stachyris poliocephala
* the grey-headed greenbul Phyllastrephus poliocephalus
* the grey-headed swamphen Porphyrio (porphyrio) poliocephalus
* the hoary-headed grebe Poliocephalus poliocephalus
* the island thrush Turdus poliocephalus
* the lesser cuckoo Cuculus poliocephalus
* a little tinamou subspecies Crypturellus soui poliocephalus
* the mountain nightjar, Caprimulgus poliocephalus
* the New Guinea goshawk Accipiter poliocephalus
* the pink-bellied imperial pigeon Ducula poliocephala
* the west Mexican chachalaca Ortalis poliocephala
* the yellow-lored tody-flycatcher Todirostrum poliocephalum

## Insects

* the moth Acrocercops poliocephala
* the fly Trentepohlia poliocephala
# Oleksa Dovbush

Oleksa Dovbush (Ukrainian: Олекса Довбуш, Polish: Aleksy Dobosz; 1700 – 24 August 1745) was a famous Ukrainian outlaw in the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, leader of the opryshky [uk] movement, who became a folk hero.

## Biography

Oleksa was born in the Hutsul village of Pechenizhyn, Kolomyia Raion, in the Carpathian Mountains in the early 18th century in Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth. He became the leader of his own band that consisted of almost 50 members (leheni). Popular tradition portrays him as a protector to the poor people of the region. There are few written references left of him and his activities.
The many folk songs and the few prose legends that still survive in Prykarpattia portray him as a local hero who robbed the rich and helped the poor serfs, like the legendary Robin Hood. His residence is believed to be located near the city of Bolekhiv in Ivano-Frankivsk Oblast. It is a rock complex that is called the Rocks of Dovbush which was nominated in the seven historical and seven natural wonders of Ukraine. Dovbush's deeds became so admired that the tales of his acts spread beyond the Hutsul region to the neighboring Pokuttia and Podillia regions of western Ukraine. His portraits were sold at local market places. He was feared by Polish szlachta (landowning nobility). Once, a military expedition of 2,000 soldiers, headed by Polish magnate Józef Potocki, was sent to stop his activities. Nonetheless, he could not be captured. Dovbush was shot and mortally wounded by one Stefan, the husband of his lover Dzvinka, in 1745.
According to Hassidic legend, Dovbush at one time hid in the house of Baal Shem Tov and gave him his pipe as a token of friendship.

## Legacy

After his death, his legacy was extended by several of his companions and/or people that idolized him: Vasyl Bayurak (a memorial plate is erected in Ivano-Frankivsk that mentions of his execution), Maksym Zalizniak, Ustym Karmaliuk, and many others.
His legend entered Ukrainian folklore and was the subject of various artistic works, by, among others, the writers Ivan Franko and Yuriy Fedkovych. A film was made about him, and there are streets and locations named after him.
Ukrainian choreographer Vasyl Avramenko created a dance called "Dovbush".
# Liseh Dar Gonji

Liseh Dar Gonji (Persian: ليسه دارگنجي, also Romanized as Līseh Dār Gonjī; also known as Dār Gonjī) is a village in Tayebi-ye Sarhadi-ye Gharbi Rural District, Charusa District, Kohgiluyeh County, Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 30, in 4 families.
# Kampos, Elis

Kampos (Greek: Κάμπος) is a community in the municipal unit of Pineia, Elis, Greece. It is on the southeastern shore of the Pineios reservoir, 2 km northwest of Efyra, 4 km northeast of Keramidia, 7 km northwest of Simopoulo and 15 km northeast of Amaliada.

## Historical population

| Year | Population |
| 1981 | 179 |
| 1991 | 139 |
| 2001 | 172 |
| 2011 | 111 |
| 2021 | 123 |
# Laki Shah Saddar railway station

Laki Shah Saddar railway station (Urdu: لکی شاہ صدر ریلوے اسٹیشن, Sindhi: لڪي شاہ صدر ریلوي اسٽیشن) is located in Laki Shah Saddar, Pakistan. Its old name was 'Tirath Laki'.
# Hongik-dong

Hongik-dong (Korean: 홍익동) is a legal dong (neighborhood) of Seongdong District, Seoul, South Korea and governed by its administrative dong, Doseon-dong office.
# Pavlo Polubotok

Pavlo Polubotok (Ukrainian: Павло Леонтійович Полуботок, Russian: Павел Леонтьевич Полуботок, Polish: Paweł Połubotok; born around 1660, died on 29 December 1724), was a Ukrainian Cossack political and military leader and Acting Hetman of Left-bank Ukraine between 1722 and 1724.

## Biography

Pavlo Polubotok was born around 1660 in Borzna (according to another version, at his family's khutor-farm Polubotivka, today part of Shramkivka) into a rich Cossack family and as a young man served under his relative Hetman Ivan Samoylovych.
In 1706 he became polkovnyk (colonel) of Chernigov Regiment and during the Great Northern War remained loyal to the Imperial Russians and fought against Ivan Mazepa. Pavel Polubotok was seen by many as a possible replacement for the disgraced Hetman, but the Russian Tsar Peter the Great distrusted Polubotok and supported Ivan Skoropadsky, who became the next Hetman. Nonetheless, Polubotok's loyalty was rewarded when wealthy estates throughout Ukraine were given to him.
In 1722, after the death of Skoropadsky, Pavlo Polubotok was named as his temporary replacement. As Hetman, Polubotok supported greater autonomy for Cossack Hetmante within the Russian Empire and defended the old privileges of the Cossack nobility. He wrote numerous petitions to Peter the Great asking him to re-instate the former way of electing the Hetman by the starshyna. In 1723 Alexander Rumyantsev was sent to Ukraine to investigate Polubotok. Within several months Polubotok was arrested, implicated in secret dealing with Pylyp Orlyk and accused of "treason." The Hetman was incarcerated in the Petropavlovsk fortress and died there less than a year later on 29 December 1724.

## Legacy

Historians are divided on Polubotok's legacy. Soviet historians saw him as a "greedy man who concentrated on overt class interests." Most modern Ukrainians consider him a martyr and a hero of the Ukrainian struggle for independence.
Polubotok was written about in the poem "Son" ("A Dream", 1844) by Taras Shevchenko.

## The Gold of Polubotok

The Gold of Polubotok is the legend of a large amount of gold which Hetman Polubotok supposedly deposited into an English bank in 1723, and which would have been returned upon the independence of Ukraine with an astronomical amount of interest. According to the story, being the head of state, Pavlo Polubotok had access to the state treasury. However, when he lost control and was forced to leave the country, he had put money from the treasury into the bank. In his will, Polubotok allegedly bequeathed eighty percent of the gold to a future independent Ukraine, and the rest to his successors. Even for today, a lot of Ukrainians know this story as an intriguing moment in Ukraine–United Kingdom relations.
The story first became widely known in 1907, when it was published in the Russian journal New Time by Professor Alexander Rubets.
# Tom Wall (artist)

Tom Wall (30 May 1941 – 5 October 1992) was a British landscape painter and educator.

## Biography

Born in Balham, London, England, Wall moved with his family to Bryhonddu in Wales at the age of 10, later studying at Newport College of Art and the Slade School of Fine Art in London. It is believed that the countryside around Abergavenny inspired his enduring relationship with art and landscape.
Wall spent most of his teaching career at Cleveland College of Art and Design, arriving in 1968 and staying for 23 years, ending up as principal lecturer for art. He retired in August 1991 to devote the rest of his life to his beloved art.
He was described as a "painter of great talent with a remarkable personal vision" by Kenneth Clark, who also said he was "a natural painter who is also a poet".
The major body of Wall's work was entitled "Visionary Landscapes" and he was highlighted as "a true artist on the verge, perhaps of visions so transitive that they become revelations" by the Yorkshire Post. He also produced other series such as "Journey Paintings", "Symphony in Colour" and "Fantasy Landscapes".
His 1985 exhibition at the Warminster Arts Centre (organised by a former pupil, John Henshaw) was nearly a sell-out. One of his largest works in that exhibition (6' × 4') was sold to the local Warminster Hospital where it still hangs.
Wall's last exhibition was held jointly with a former pupil of Cleveland College of Art and Design, Mackenzie Thorpe at St. Martin in the Fields Gallery, London, 28 June – 11 July 1992. Thorpe later said of Wall, "His style (of working) made a great impression on me and was the beginning of what I have gone on to do."

## Exhibitions

Wall contributed to the following exhibitions:
* Welsh Arts Council Annual Exhibitions – 1959, 1960, 1961, 1962, 1964
* South Wales Group – 1959, 1960, 1961
* Leicester Galleries, London – Selected work from the South Wales Group – 1961
* Group Show, Cardiff – 1964
* Amolfini Gallery, Bristol – Joint One-Man Show, January – February 1966
* Spring Exhibition Contemporary British Art, Bradford – 1966, 1967
* Winter Exhibition, Ferens Art Gallery, Hull – 1970, 1971
* Welsh Arts Council/South Wales Group, "NOW" Exhibition – 1971
* Teesside College of Art – December 1973
* Chapter Centre for the Arts, Cardiff – October 1974
* Mall Galleries, London – August 1975
* Response Exhibition, 13 Cleveland Artists, Billingham – 1976
* Preston Polytechnic Gallery, Lancaster – April to May 1977
* Sheffield University – July 1978
* Welsh National Eisteddfod – 1980
* Cleveland College of Art – June 1982
* Byre Gallery, Glaisdale – July 1982
* 'Work', Five Artists, Jarrow – 1983
* Hartlepool Art Gallery – 1984
* Warminster Art Centre, Wiltshire – October 1985
* Chandler Gallery, Leyburn – 1990
* John Laing Exhibition, Harrogate – 1992
* St. Martin in the Fields Gallery, London – 1992
* Tennants Gallery, Leyburn – 1993 (posthumously)
* Rennie Hamilton Gallery, Barnard Castle – 2008 (posthumously)
# Hermedan

Hermedan (Persian: هرمدان, also Romanized as Hermedān) is a village in Baraan-e Jonubi Rural District, in the Central District of Isfahan County, Isfahan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 680, in 175 families.
# Jean-Claude Cloët

Jean-Claude Cloët (born 11 July 1951) is a retired French football defender and later manager.
He was a part of the France B team that finished runners-up at the 1975 Mediterranean Games.
# Movimiento al Socialismo (Venezuela)

The Movement for Socialism (Spanish: Movimiento al Socialismo, or MAS) is a democratic socialist political party in Venezuela.

## History

MAS was founded in 1971, with a view to emphasising a socialist message. Initially led by Teodoro Petkoff, its first congress was held on January 14, 1971. In 1988 another left-wing party, the Movement of the Revolutionary Left, merged with MAS.
In the 1970s to the 1990s, members of MAS hoped that the party would become the third largest political force, challenging the dominant Social Christian and Democratic Action parties. However, the party often won less than 5% of the vote. At the 1993 election it supported the National Convergence coalition which successfully backed Rafael Caldera, contributing 10.59% of the vote, a third of Caldera's total. At the parliamentary elections the same year it achieved a high-water mark of 5 Senators and 24 Deputies.
MAS initially supported the government of Hugo Chávez in 1998. Petkoff disagreed with this decision and left the party. Disagreements between MAS and Chávez subsequently emerged, and MAS joined the opposition.
In the legislative elections of 30 July 2000, the party won 21 out of 165 seats in the National Assembly. Its current leaders include Leopoldo Puchi, Felipe Mújica and Carlos Tablante.
In the period since 1989, when state governors have been directly elected, the party has won state governorships in Delta Amacuro, Lara, Portuguesa, Sucre (Ramón Martínez) and Zulia. Some of his past members included: Pompeyo Márquez, Rafael Guerra Ramos and Carlos Tablante.

## Presidential candidates supported

Elections where MAS backed the winning candidate shown in bold
* 1973 election: José Vicente Rangel (4.26%)
* 1978 election: José Vicente Rangel (5.18%)
* 1983 election: Teodoro Petkoff (4.17%)
* 1988 election: Teodoro Petkoff (2.71%)
* 1993 election: Rafael Caldera (independent, backed by the coalition Convergencia, MAS contributing 10.59% of vote)
* 1998 election: Hugo Chávez (Fifth Republic Movement candidate, MAS contributing 9.00%)
* 2000 election: Hugo Chávez (Fifth Republic Movement candidate, MAS contributing 8.70%)
* 2006 election: Manuel Rosales (A New Era candidate, MAS contributing 0.61%)
* 2012 election: Henrique Capriles (A Democratic Unity Roundtable candidate)
* 2013 election: Henrique Capriles (A Democratic Unity Roundtable candidate)
* 2018 election: Henri Falcón (A Progressive Advance candidate)
* 2024 election: Edmundo González Urrutia (Unitary Platform candidate)
MAS is a member of Socialist International, and a member of COPPPAL.