OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Nartautai

Nartautai (formerly Russian: Нартовты, Polish: Nartowty) is a village in Kėdainiai district municipality, in Kaunas County, in central Lithuania. According to the 2011 census, the village was uninhabited. It is located 6 kilometres (3.7 mi) from Nociūnai, next to Juciūnai and the Nartautai Forest.
In the beginning of the 20th century Nartautai was an estate of the Gulbinskai.

## Demography

| Year | Pop. | ±% p.a. |
| 1902 | 95 | — |
| 1923 | 131 | +1.54% |
| 1959 | 34 | −3.68% |
| 1970 | 13 | −8.37% |
| Year | Pop. | ±% p.a. |
| 1979 | 12 | −0.89% |
| 1989 | 6 | −6.70% |
| 2001 | 1 | −13.87% |
| 2011 | 0 | −100.00% |
Source: 1902, 1923, 1959 & 1970, 1979, 1989, 2001, 2011 :
# Mamariga shuttle

The Mamariga shuttle (Basque: Mamarigako anezka; Spanish: Lanzadera a Mamariga) is an automated funicular railway that links the Bilbao metro station at Santurtzi (on line 2) with the neighborhood of Mamariga; both in the municipality of Santurtzi, in the Greater Bilbao area.

## History

The construction of an access from Santurtzi metro station to the neighborhood of Mamariga wasn't included in the original planning for Line 2. The construction of the funicular started in late 2007. The shuttle opened in September 2010, more than a year after the metro station. In June 2015, the Mamariga terminus of the funicular was severely damaged by a fire. The shuttle reopened in December that year after repairs were carried out.

## Operations

The Mamariga terminus is not considered a distinct metro station, but rather an access to Santurtzi station. Since 2013, no fare has been charged for using the funicular. The operating hours of the shuttle are the same as those of the metro. On the funicular, trains depart approximately every 3 minutes.
In its 353 m (0.219 mi) length, the funicular ascends 42 m (138 ft). The line is double tracked, with each track being operated independently of the other.
# Duras, Lot-et-Garonne

Duras (French pronunciation:; Occitan: Duràs) is a commune in the Lot-et-Garonne department in south-western France.
The town is traversed by the Dropt river.

## Notable people

* David Hume of Godscroft (1558-1629), Scottish historian and philosopher, was the pastor in Duras 1604–1614.
* The writer Marguerite Donnadieu (1914–1996) took the pseudonym "Marguerite Duras" in 1943, after this village, where her father's house was located.

## Sister cities

Duras is twinned with the following cities:
* Sint-Truiden, Belgium
# Petru Vlah

Petru Vlah (born July 13, 1970) is a politician from Moldova. He has been a member of the Parliament of Moldova since 2010.
# N-80 National Highway

The National Highway 80 (Urdu: قومی شاہراہ ۸۰) or the N-80 is one of Pakistan National Highway running from Capital city of Islamabad to the city of Kohat in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Province via Fateh Jang and Jand Its total length is 146 km divided into 121 km section in Punjab Province and remaining 49 km in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Province. It is maintained and operated by Pakistan's National Highway Authority.
# Holozoidae

Holozoidae is a family of sea squirts in the order Aplousobranchia.

## Genera

* Distaplia
* Hypodistoma
* Hypsistozoa
* Neodistoma
* Polydistoma
* Protoholozoa
* Pseudoplacentela
* Sigillina
* Sycozoa
# Cossatot River State Park-Natural Area

Cossatot River State Park-Natural Area is a 5,299.65-acre (2,144.69 ha) Arkansas state park in Howard County and Polk County, Arkansas in the United States. The park follows a rough, undeveloped 12.5 miles (20.1 km) of the Cossatot River. The river itself is included in Arkansas's Natural and Scenic Rivers System and the National Park Service's list of National Wild and Scenic Rivers, making it a whitewater rafting destination. The rough nature of the river, including Class III, IV, and dangerous Class V rapids, make the park-natural area a popular destination for skilled canoeists, kayakers, and playboaters. The park became a part of the system in 1988 after the Arkansas Department of Parks and Tourism and Arkansas Natural Heritage Commission agreed to cooperative management after acquiring the property from the Weyerhaeuser Corporation.

## History

The Arkansas Natural Heritage Commission contacted the Weyerhaeuser Corporation, the land's owner, about developing a park from the wilderness along the Cossatot River in 1975. Although receptive of the offer, Weyerhaeuser was concerned that the commission would not properly manage the dangerous rapids. It wasn't until 1984 when the Arkansas Department of Parks and Tourism offered to join the Commission in a joint venture to acquire the land in an attempt to allay the fears of Weyerhaeuser. After a joint meeting, The Nature Conservancy held the land in trust until state funds were allocated for the park. The duality of the park-natural area's management is still represented.
The park was expanded after Arkla Gas Company donated 160 acres (65 ha) in exchange for crossing the Cossatot River with a 36 inches (910 mm) gas pipeline.

## Recreation

The Cossatot River features Class III, IV, and dangerous Class V rapids making it one of the more challenging float rivers in the central United States. Brushy Creek Recreation Area offers restrooms, picnic tables, and access to the river via the Highway 246 bridge access point. Campsites are available at the Cossatot Falls Area (7 sites, no hookups), Sandbar Area (14 sites, no hookups), and the Ed Banks Area (one site, no hookups).
The park is also home to dozens of rare flora and fauna native only to the Ouachita Mountains and surrounding Ouachita National Forest. The terrain of the park is a rugged rocky canyon with old growth hardwoods and juniper glades. Hiking is available on the River Corridor Trail (14 miles (23 km)) and Harris Creek Trail (3.5 miles (5.6 km)). A visitor center, built in 2004, offers a wildlife observation room, a water education laboratory, and a gift shop.
# Oktyabr, Karmaskalinsky District, Republic of Bashkortostan

Oktyabr (Russian: Октябрь) is a rural locality (a village) in Karlamansky Selsoviet, Karmaskalinsky District, Bashkortostan, Russia. The population was 11 as of 2010. There is 1 street.

## Geography

Oktyabr is located 13 km northeast of Karmaskaly (the district's administrative centre) by road. Mikhaylovka is the nearest rural locality.
# Municipal Buildings, Dumfries

The Municipal Buildings are based on the north side of Buccleuch Street, Dumfries, Dumfries and Galloway, Scotland. The structure, which was the headquarters of Dumfries Burgh Council, is a Category C listed building.

## History

The first municipal building in the town was a tolbooth in the High Street which dated back to the 15th century. It was demolished and replaced by a townhouse, known as the Midsteeple, which was completed in 1707.
After deciding that the Midsteeple was inadequate for their needs, civic leaders acquired the old courthouse on the north side of Buccleuch Street in 1866. The old courthouse was then converted for municipal use as a town hall, to a design by John Johnstone, but it was badly damaged in a fire on 29 November 1908. Losses in the fire included fine portraits of King William and Queen Mary painted by Godfrey Kneller which had been presented to the town by the former local member of parliament, John Johnstone. However, a silver gun which had been presented by King James VI of Scotland to the Seven Incorporated Trades of Dumfries in 1598 survived the fire.
In the 1920s civic leaders decided to demolish the old building in Buccleuch Street and to replace it with a new structure on the same site. The new building was designed by James Carruthers of Glasgow in the Edwardian Baroque style, built in red ashlar stone extracted from a quarry at Locharbriggs and was officially opened by the Duke of Gloucester on 20 September 1932. The design involved a symmetrical main frontage with seven bays facing onto the Buccleuch Street; the central bay, which slightly projected forward, featured a doorway flanked by square Doric order columns supporting a curved canopy. The other bays on the ground floor as well as the bays on the first floor featured sash windows flanked by full-height pilasters supporting an entablature and a cornice. There were smaller sash windows on the second floor.
Internally, the principal room was the council chamber which was decorated to a design by Wylie and Lochhead with panelling which had originally been intended for the ocean liner RMS Queen Mary whose construction and internal fit-out had been delayed because of the Great Depression. A stained glass window was recovered from the previous building on the site and installed in a room on the ground floor at the rear of the building. The building continued to serve as the headquarters of Dumfries Burgh Council for much of the 20th century and became the meeting place of the enlarged Nithsdale District Council after it was formed in 1975. However, it ceased to be the local seat of government when Dumfries and Galloway Council became the new unitary authority for the area, with its offices at County Buildings in English Street, in 1996. The municipal buildings instead became the local provost's office and also the local registration office.
# Love Don't Live Here (Bananarama song)

"Love Don't Live Here" is a song written and recorded by British pop duo Bananarama. It was released on 12 April 2010 as the second and final single from their tenth studio album Viva.

## Background

"Love Don't Live Here" was released on 11 April 2010 as digital download single and 12 April 2010 on vinyl and CD format. It was written by Bananarama members Sara Dallin and Keren Woodward with producer Ian Masterson. The B-side for the CD single is a new version of their 1995 song "Every Shade of Blue", while the B-side tracks for the vinyl editions are remixed versions of "The Runner" and a new song, "Here Comes the Rain".

## Music video

A music video for "Love Don't Live Here" was shot in London in January 2010. The video features heavily computerized effects and also scenes similar to the artwork on the sleeve of the CD single. The video was directed by photographer Tim Walker.

## Formats and track listings

* 7-inch vinyl
* "Love Don't Live Here" (radio mix)
* "Here Comes the Rain" (S. Dallin/K. Woodward/I. Masterson)
* 12-inch vinyl
* "Love Don't Live Here" (Ian Masterson's extended mix)
* "The Runner" (Buzz Junkies 12" mix) (G. Moroder/S. Ferguson)
* CD single
* "Love Don't Live Here" (radio mix)
* "Every Shade of Blue 2010" (S. Dallin/G. Miller/S. Torch/K. Woodward/P. Barry)
* iTunes Exclusive remix bundle
* "Love Don't Live Here" (radio mix)
* "Love Don't Live Here" (Ian Masterson's extended mix)
* "The Runner" (Buzz Junkies 7" mix)
* "The Runner" (Buzz Junkies 12" mix)

## Charts

Chart performance for "Love Don't Live Here" :
| Chart (2010) | Peak position |
| UK Singles (OCC) | 114 |
# Belorechensk, Krasnodar Krai

Belorechensk (Russian: Белоре́ченск) is a town in Krasnodar Krai, Russia, located on the Belaya River, from which it takes its name. It forms the municipal formation Belorechenskoye urban settlement, as the only locality in its composition. Population: 51,590 (2020), 53,892 (2010 Census); 54,028 (2002 Census); 51,177 (1989 Soviet census).

## History

It was established as a Cossack settlement in 1862. Town status was granted to it in 1958. During the Soviet period, a corrective labor camp was located here. Belorechensk-White Rechensk was briefly occupied by Germany in the Second World War.

## Administrative and municipal status

Within the framework of administrative divisions, Belorechensk serves as the administrative center of Belorechensky District, even though it is not a part of it. As an administrative division, it is, together with the territory of Yuzhny Rural Okrug (which comprises three rural localities), incorporated separately as the Town of Belorechensk—an administrative unit with the status equal to that of the districts. As a municipal division, the town of Belorechensk is incorporated within Belorechensky Municipal District as Belorechenskoye Urban Settlement. Yuzhny Rural Okrug is incorporated within Belorechensky Municipal District as Yuzhnenskoye Rural Settlement.
# Saint Anthony's Battery

Saint Anthony's Battery (Maltese: Batterija ta' Sant'Antnin) is an artillery battery in Qala, Gozo, Malta. It was built by the Order of Saint John in 1731 and 1732 as one of a series of coastal fortifications around the coasts of the Maltese Islands. It is one of only two surviving batteries on Gozo, the other one being Qolla l-Bajda Battery in Żebbuġ.
The battery is also known as Qala Battery (Maltese: Batterija tal-Qala) or Qala Point Battery (Maltese: Batterija ta' Ras il-Qala), and is known locally as It-Trunċiera (English: The Entrenchment).

## History

Saint Anthony's Battery was built by the Order of Saint John on the easternmost point of Gozo, known as Ras il-Qala, and it was intended to guard the channel between Gozo and Comino. The battery was proposed in 1730, and construction commenced in 1731 and was largely complete by December 1732. The final finishing touches were made in 1734. The battery was named after Saint Anthony, as it was built during the reign of António Manoel de Vilhena. It was possibly designed by the military engineer Charles François de Mondion.
The battery was designed with a semi-circular gun platform and two blockhouses at the rear. However, the design was changed and it was built with a semi-hexagonal front. There is a free-standing redan that has thick walls and musketry loopholes to prevent a landward attack. These are shielded by two flanking traverses, and the land front is also surrounded by a shallow ditch. The gateway has the sculpted coat of arms of Grandmaster de Vilhena. The design of the battery is different from other batteries in the Maltese islands, making it unique.
In 1770, the battery was armed with three 8-pounder guns with 427 rounds of roundshot and 75 rounds of grapeshot, and eight 6-pounder guns with 127 rounds of roundshot and 45 rounds of grapeshot.

## Present day

The battery was in a dilapidated state for many years. One of the blockhouses had been demolished, and the gate had collapsed during a storm.
In the 1990s the battery was at the centre of judicial controversy when Magistrate Carol Michael Peralta attempted to give the property to an unspecified third person that claimed to be the owner, potentially to then sell it to him.
Since 2007, the battery is being restored by Din l-Art Ħelwa in conjunction with the Qala Local Council and the Malta Environment and Planning Authority (MEPA). Some of the work was done by Leli Saliba, who was also responsible for the restoration of Isopu Tower. The demolished blockhouse and gateway have both been rebuilt, and now restoration is now almost complete.
The landscape around the battery has remained virtually unchanged since it was built.
# Greeks in Lebanon

The Greeks in Lebanon (οι Έλληνες στο Λίβανο) had presence in present day Lebanon that dated to ancient times, and the Phoenicians and Greeks (both maritime peoples) shared close ties. The Greek alphabet, for example, is derived from the Phoenician one. The Greek presence is attested by several place names, and the close ties between Greeks and the Lebanese Greek Orthodox and Greek Catholic communities.

## History

In ancient times Lebanon was the site of several Greek colonies. Following Christianization Greek culture remained a strong influence, waning as the centuries passed, though not disappearing. The city of Amioun (possibly from the word for Greeks, Yunan), capital of the Koura District (in turn from the Greek χωριά, "villages") in the north of the country is a living testament of that. Following the 2006 invasion of Lebanon by Israel most Greeks have fled the country, although there remains a Greek community in Beirut (Greater Beirut) as well as in the aforementioned Koura District.

## Greek Muslims in Lebanon

There are about 7,000 Greeks living in Tripoli, Lebanon and in El Mina, Lebanon. The majority of them are Muslims of Cretan origin and some of them are of Greek Muslim origin. Records suggest that the community left Crete between 1866 and 1897, on the outbreak of the last Cretan uprising against the Ottoman Empire, which ended the Greco-Turkish War of 1897. Many Greek Muslims of Lebanon somewhat managed to preserve their identity and language. Their community was close-knit and entirely endogamous. By 1988, many Greek Muslims from both Lebanon and Syria had reported being subject to discrimination by the Greek embassy because of their religious affiliation. The community members would be regarded with indifference and even hostility, and would be denied visas and opportunities to improve their Greek through trips to Greece.
# Dominique-Napoléon Saint-Cyr

Dominique-Napoléon Saint-Cyr (August 4, 1826 – March 3, 1899) was a politician in Quebec, Canada, and a two-term member of the Legislative Assembly of Quebec (MLA).

## Early life

He was born on August 4, 1826, in Nicolet, Centre-du-Québec, and was a teacher.

## Political career

Saint-Cyr ran as a Conservative candidate in the district of in the provincial district of Champlain in 1875 and won. He succeeded François-Xavier-Anselme Trudel. He was re-elected in 1878 but did not run for re-election in 1881. He was succeeded by Conservative Robert Trudel.

## Death

He died on March 3, 1899, in Quebec City.

## Footnotes

* ↑ "Biography". Dictionnaire des parlementaires du Québec de 1792 à nos jours (in French). National Assembly of Quebec.
# Badamestan-e Mashhadiamir

Badamestan-e Mashhadiamir (Persian: بادامستان مشهدي امير, also Romanized as Bādāmestān-e Mashhadīāmīr) is a village in Barez Rural District, Manj District, Lordegan County, Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 31, in 5 families. The village is populated by Lurs.
# Spermatid

The spermatid is the haploid male gametid that results from division of secondary spermatocytes. As a result of meiosis, each spermatid contains only half of the genetic material present in the original primary spermatocyte.
Spermatids are connected by cytoplasmic material and have superfluous cytoplasmic material around their nuclei.
When formed, early round spermatids must undergo further maturational events to develop into spermatozoa, a process termed spermiogenesis (also termed spermeteliosis).
The spermatids begin to grow a living thread, develop a thickened mid-piece where the mitochondria become localised, and form an acrosome. Spermatid DNA also undergoes packaging, becoming highly condensed. The DNA is packaged firstly with specific nuclear basic proteins, which are subsequently replaced with protamines during spermatid elongation. The resultant tightly packed chromatin is transcriptionally inactive.
In 2016 scientists at Nanjing Medical University claimed they had produced cells resembling mouse spermatids artificially from stem cells. They injected these spermatids into mouse eggs and produced pups.
During spermatid haploid genome remodeling, the majority of histones are replaced by protamines, and the DNA is compacted. During this compaction, transient single- and double-strand breaks are introduced into the sperm DNA. The conventional non-homologous end joining pathway for repairing double-strand breaks is not available for elongated spermatids. However, spermatids can carry out limited repair of exogenous and programmed double-strand breaks using an alternative error-prone non-homologous end joining repair pathway. If DNA strand breaks persist in mature sperm, the result can be increased sperm DNA fragmentation which is associated with impaired fertility and an increased incidence of miscarriage.

## DNA repair

As postmeiotic germ cells develop to mature sperm they progressively lose the ability to repair DNA damage that may then accumulate and be transmitted to the zygote and ultimately the embryo. In particular, the repair of DNA double-strand breaks by the non-homologous end joining pathway, although present in round spermatids, appears to be lost as they develop into elongated spermatids.

## Additional images

* Scheme showing analogies in the process of maturation of the ovum and the development of the Genyo spermatids (young spermatozoa)
# Nelly Syro

Nelly Syro (born 1 March 1953) is a Colombian former swimmer. She competed in two events at the 1968 Summer Olympics.
# Château de Meung-sur-Loire

The Château de Meung-sur-Loire is a former castle and episcopal palace in the commune of Meung-sur-Loire in the Loiret département of France.
The château, located next to the collegial church, was the country residence of the Bishops of Orléans. It was built and destroyed several times. The oldest still existing parts date from the 12th century and were built by Manassès de Seignelay (bishop from 1207 to 1221). Still standing is the main rectangular plan building, flanked by three towers, a fourth having been destroyed. The English occupied it during the Hundred Years' War. The rear façade was rebuilt in the Classical style by Fleuriau d'Armenonville (bishop from 1706 to 1733). Beneath the castle are dungeons, a chapel and various medieval torture instruments, including one used for water torture.
It has been listed since 1988 as a monument historique by the French Ministry of Culture. It is open to the public.

## History

The first castle was built in the middle of the 12th century. It consisted of a square tower built against the south face of the church bell tower, itself abutting in the south two round towers. In the 13th century, the bishops of Orléans abandoned the castle, which was used as a prison. Among those incarcerated, there was the poet, François Villon. From 1209, construction began of a more important castle, rectangular in plan, with a tower in each corner. The guard room, the lower hall with ogive vaults and the cellars are the last elements which constituted the 13th-century castle, the episcopal palace at that time. During the Hundred Years' War, the building was transformed into a fortress; it was taken from the English by Joan of Arc on 14 June 1429. At the end of the 15th century and the start of the 16th century, a building to the north incorporated a tower with a drawbridge. The castle was abandoned from the Wars of Religion until the start of the 18th century when Bishop Fleuriau d'Armenonville undertook the transformation of the structure into a comfortable residence. The central part of the main building was replaced by a cour d'honneur. The façades' openings were made symmetrical and redesigned in the Classical style. Similarly, the tower openings were remade and lost their machicolation. In the middle of the 18th century, a wing was added to the south east, with a staircase serving the wing's upper floors. In 1784, the chapel was built in the Neoclassical style, with sculpture by Delaistre. The two pavilions in the grounds are contemporary with this chapel.

## Currently

In 2016, the château hosted a fashion show shortly after Paris Fashion Week, celebrating historical fashion and displaying the evolution of fashion from antiquity to the First World War.
# Kanjur railway station

Kanjur Railway Station (Urdu: کنجور ریلوے اسٹیشن) is located in District Attock Punjab Pakistan.