OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Harold Friedman

Harold Leo Friedman (born 24 March 1923 in Manhattan, New York City; died 16 September 2005 in Stony Brook, Long Island, New York) was an American physical chemist who contributed to the study of thermodynamic properties of fluids with applications in oceanography and physiology.
He received his undergraduate degree and Ph.D in chemistry from the University of Chicago.
He taught at the University of Southern California and worked for I.B.M.'s research center in Yorktown Heights, N.Y before moving to teach at Stony Brook University in 1965. He was chairman of Stony Brook's chemistry department during the 1970s, retiring as a professor emeritus in 1994.Dr. Francis T. Bonner, chairman of Stony Brook's chemistry department from 1958 to 1970, noted the significance of Dr. Friedman's research in understanding the actions of electrolytes.
For thirty years, Dr. Friedman was a chemistry professor at the State University of New York at Stony Brook. He was fascinated with the composition of water as well as the movement of particles and electrical charges in chemical solutions known as electrolytes. Among other disciplines and applications, the literature on physiology and oceanography regarded his findings as crucial. In 1962, he published a book named Ionic Solution Theory, which detailed his research.
In 1987 he was elected a Fellow of the American Physical Society "for pioneering work in the theory of the statistical mechanics of ionic solutions and in the application of the theory of experimental observables". In 1988, he was awarded the Robinson Medal of the Royal Society of Chemistry's Faraday Division.
On September 16, 2005, Harold L. Friedman died of Parkinson's disease complications, aged 82, in the Long Island State Veterans Home in Stony Brook, New York.

## Works

* Ionic Solution Theory, ISBN 978-0470280508,1962
* A Course In Statistical Mechanics, ISBN 978-0131845657, 1988
# Citizen Option

Citizen Option (Spanish: Opción Ciudadana) was a political party in Colombia founded November 9, 2009 at the national convention of the former Citizens' Convergence movement. In 2013, it changed its name again to Citizen Option.

## History
### Origins

The party was first created under the name of Citizen Convergence (Spanish: Convergencia Ciudadana) by Luis Alberto Gil Colorado (former member of the M-19 guerrilla) in 1997. In 2002 it decided to help the government of president Alvaro Uribe without being part of it. During this time, it received politicians rejected by other Uribist groups due to their links with Paramilitarism.

### National Integration Party

The party then became the National Integration Party (Spanish: Partido de Integración Nacional), in November 2009 aiming to participate in the 2010 elections.
It has been linked with the Colombian parapolitics scandal in which Colombia paramilitaries were found to be influencing Colombian politics, and considered a "reincarnation" of the banned National Democratic Alliance, as well as other parties including Colombia Viva and Convergencia Ciudadana. The imprisoned Senator Luis Alberto Gil is said to be a major influence on PIN. Among the party's candidates were many friends and relatives of politicians with links to far-right militias and criminal gangs. Since the March 2010 congressional elections, the party has held 9 out of 102 seats in the Senate and 11 of the 166 seats in the House of Representatives.

### Citizen Option

The party changed its name once again in 2013 to clean the image of the party for the 2014 elections. In the end, they got 5 senators and 6 representatives. in March 2015, they were officially accepted as part of the ruling National Unity coalition.
# La Sagra Observatory

La Sagra Observatory (Spanish: Observatorio Astronómico de La Sagra; OLS; observatory code: L98) is an astronomical observatory located in the province of Granada, Spain. It uses four robotic telescopes both designed and built (hardware and software) by the scientists of the Observatorio Astronómico de Mallorca (OAM) who operate them remotely by telecontrol daily, discharging data from Mallorca using the Internet, to process them by means of algorithms designed "in house" which helped to detect asteroid 367943 Duende. among the other 1706 asteroids, with a 12th place in the ranking of asteroid discoveries. Its activities include, as part of its La Sagra Sky Survey, tracking small Solar System bodies, particularly near-Earth objects, and space debris.

## Duende

Among the asteroids discovered and tracked by Observatorio Astronómico de Mallorca thanks to its four remotely operated telescopes and to the clear skies of Sierra de la Sagra, on 15 February 2012, a team coordinated by Jaume Nomen, astronomer at OAM located the asteroid Duende, and calculated that the following year, more specifically on 15 February 2013, it would pass 27,700 km (17,200 mi) from Earth, the closest known distance an asteroid of that absolute magnitude has come to the planet, and well within the geosynchronous orbit, of the geosynchronous satellites at 35,786 km (22,236 mi).

## La Sagra Sky Survey

The La Sagra Sky Survey (LSSS) was an astronomical survey conducted at La Sagra Observatory. The numbered comets 233P/La Sagra, 279P/La Sagra and 324P/La Sagra were discovered by LSSS.
# Yalchigulovo

Yalchigulovo (Russian: Яльчигулово; Bashkir: Ялсығол, Yalsığol) is a rural locality (a village) in Tungatarovsky Selsoviet, Uchalinsky District, Bashkortostan, Russia. The population was 75 as of 2010. There are 2 streets.

## Geography

Yalchigulovo is located 58 km northeast of Uchaly (the district's administrative centre) by road. Starobayramgulovo is the nearest rural locality.
# Sodji Vrh

Sodji Vrh (pronounced; German: Sodjewerch) is a small settlement just north of the village of Gradnik in the Municipality of Semič in Slovenia. The area is part of the historical region of Lower Carniola. The municipality is now included in the Southeast Slovenia Statistical Region.
There is a small chapel-shrine in the village and many of the houses retain their original 18th- and 19th-century architecture.
# Davy Crockett (play)

Davy Crockett, or Be Sure You're Right, Then Go Ahead is an 1872 American play which became very popular in its time, inspired by the frontiersman of the same name.
It was written by Frank Murdoch, and the lead role was played by Frank M. Mayo.

## Plot

Crockett arrives at his home in the woods and learns that "Little Nell" (properly named Eleanor Vaughn), his childhood love interest, has returned from abroad, along with her guardian and fiancé. As that group travels to their intended destination at the fiancé's uncle's estate, Crockett offers shelter in his hunting hut. The play's most memorable scene has Crockett use his arm to bar the hut's door against howling wolves. The uncle is later revealed to be evil and forcing the marriage, so Crockett is able to marry Eleanor.
Though often cited as a prominent example of a frontier drama, the play is more of a standard melodrama set in a frontier location.

## Reception

The play has been called "one of the most revered plays of the nineteenth-century American theatre." However, its initial critical reviews were negative, though it came to achieve great success. Mayo played Crockett throughout much of the rest of his life, already reaching his 1000th performance of the role by May 1877. Though it proved impossible, Mayo did try to break free of being typecast as Crockett. He once lamented that a man had approached him and asked "I don't suppose you'll ever play anything else but Mayo, Mr. Crockett?" Even Mayo's son had success playing the role.
The play's popularity was as a touring production, but it first played on Broadway in June 1873 at Wood's Museum Theatre for 12 performances. It also played at Niblo's Garden in March 1874.
The 1916 silent film of the same name credits Murdoch as the writer.
# John Frederick Reid

John Frederick Reid was a Canadian politician from the Conservative Party of Ontario. He represented Windsor West in the Legislative Assembly of Ontario from 1926 to 1934.
# Cornești, Cluj

Cornești (Hungarian: Magyarszarvaskend; German: Hirschdorf) is a commune in Cluj County, Transylvania, Romania. It is composed of nine villages: Bârlea (Ónok), Cornești, Igriția (Kisigrice), Lujerdiu (Lózsárd), Morău (Móró), Stoiana (Esztény), Tiocu de Jos (Alsótök), Tiocu de Sus (Felsőtök), and Tioltiur (Tötör).
The commune lies on the banks of the river Lujerdiu. It is located in the central-north part of the county, at a distance of 28 km (17 mi) from Gherla and 45 km (28 mi) from the county seat, Cluj-Napoca.
Cornești borders the following communes: Bobâlna to the north, Dăbâca and Panticeu to the west, Iclod to the south, and Aluniș to the east.

## Demographics

According to the census from 2002 there was a total population of 1,809 people living in this commune. Of this population, 83.80% are ethnic Romanians, 14.64% are ethnic Hungarians, and 1.54% ethnic Romani.
# Dakk-e Bahu

Dakk-e Bahu (Persian: دك باهو, also Romanized as Dakk-e Bāhū and Dak-e Bāhū) is a village in Bahu Kalat Rural District, Dashtiari District, Chabahar County, Sistan and Baluchestan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 565, in 130 families.
# Nägele Palace

The Nägele Palace (Romanian: Palatul Nägele) is a historical monument in the Fabric district of Timișoara, Romania. It was built by pharmacist Antal Nägele on the site of an older pharmacy. In 1917 it was bought by pharmacist Aladár Kovács, being even today known as Kovács Pharmacy (Romanian: Farmacia Kovács).

## History

On the site where the palace was built, on Fő utca (Hungarian for Main Street, today's Dacians' Street), Franz (Ferenc) Hönig's Holy Trinity pharmacy (German: Zur Heiligen Dreifaltigkeit; Hungarian: A Szentháromsághoz; Romanian: La Sfânta Treime) operated since 1873, when he had obtained the right to establish a pharmacy through a contest with three participants. The pharmacy successively belonged to several pharmacists: Alexander (Sándor) Supp (1891–1893), Eduard (Ede) Feigl (1893–1894), Ernest (Ernő) Weinrich (Vida) (1894–1898) and Ignác Neumann (Németh) (1898–1905), respectively. In 1905 Antal Nägele bought the pharmacy, and in 1910 he hired Henrik Telkes to build the current building.
The palace is named after Aladár Kovács who bought both the building and the pharmacy from Nägele in 1917. Even today, a pharmacy still operates on the ground floor of the palace.

## Architecture

The two-story building is made in the so-called "1900s style", the Secession current. Its decorations are typical for the last and most evolved phase, the "geometric" phase, of this style. The entrance to the building is framed by two bas-reliefs representing female figures offering mortars with pharmaceutical preparations. Above the entrance rises a tower with three high gables and covered with a conical roof, on the top of which is the rod of Asclepius (but with two coiled snakes, a confusion with the caduceus common in the era).
# Balsan-dong

Balsan-dong (Korean: 발산동) is a dong (neighborhood) of Gangseo District, Seoul, South Korea.
# Borrego

Borrego (Spanish: "lamb") may refer to:

## People
### Surname

* Carla Borrego (b. 1983), Jamaican-Australian international basketball and netball player
* Diego Borrego (b. 1972), Spanish golfer
* Elías Borrego (b. 1990), Argentine footballer
* Francisco José Borrego (b. 1986), Spanish footballer
* Irene Borrego (b. 2001), Mexican weightlifter
* James Borrego (b. 1977), American basketball coach
* Jesse Borrego (b. 1962), American actor
* Manuel Borrego (b. 1934), Portuguese fencer
* Orlando Borrego (b. 1936), Cuban economist

### Nickname

* Gerardo Torrado (b. 1979), Mexican footballer. Known as "El borrego" ("The Sheep") for his bushy hair.

### In fiction

* Carla Borrego, a fictional character in British television series Jonathan Creek

## Sport

* Borrego (horse)
* Borregos Salvajes (in English: Rams) the name of all the sports teams that represent the Monterrey Institute of Technology
* Borregos Salvajes – CEM Monterrey, Campus
* Los Angeles Rams NFL Football Team

## Entertainment

* Borrego (film), a survival-thriller film
* "El Borrego" ("The Sheep"), 1994 song originally from Café Tacuba's album Re

## Places

* Borrego Pass, New Mexico unincorporated community consisting of two Navajo communities and a trading post
* Borrego Valley Airport county-owned public airport three miles east of Borrego Springs
* Anza-Borrego Desert State Park located within the Colorado Desert of Southern California
* Borrego Springs, California, surrounded by Anza-Borrego Desert State Park, the largest of the California State Parks
* Borrego Springs Fire Protection District
# Do Sunwoo

Do Sunwoo (Korean: 도선우; born 1971) is a South Korean writer.

## Life

Do Sunwoo was born and raised in Seoul, South Korea. He made his literary debut in 2016, when his novel Sparring (스파링) was selected for the 22nd Munhakdongne Novel Award. In the following year, his 2017 novel Justice Man (저스티스맨) won the 13th Segye Literature Prize, given by Korean newspaper Segye Ilbo.

## Writing

Do's work often depicts structural violence in neoliberal societies delivered by the power of narrative. For example, his first novel Sparring (스파링), tells the story of a boxer's life who faces violent aspects of society, which evolve through small-scale social groups to large-scale society, such as school and political systems. In the 2016 winter issue of the quarterly Munhakdongne, the panel of judges identified the persuasive narratives portraying the irony of modern society and well-established writing technique as reasons why Sparring was selected as the winner of Munhakdongne Novel Award
In his second novel Justice Man (저스티스맨), Do tells a story about a mysterious serial killer, through which he portrays pervasive violence on the Internet. Lim Chulwoo, a member of the judge panel for Segye Literature Prize wrote that the main appeal of Justice Man is "the world of web portals, the existence of anonymous evil in the virtual world, and sharp and serious insights about its violence and blindness." According to Seong-kon Kim, a professor emeritus of English at Seoul National University, this novel also depicts how our society "is swarming with people who are intoxicated with the notion that they alone represent 'justice' and all others embody injustice."

## Works

* Sparring (스파링), 2016
* Justice Man (저스티스맨), 2017
* Mojo Society (모조사회), 2019

## Awards

* Munhakdongne Novel Award, 2016
* Segye Literature Prize, 2017
# Embassy of Colombia, Caracas

The Embassy of Colombia in Caracas serves as the official diplomatic mission of Colombia to Venezuela. This embassy represents Colombia's interests in Venezuela, facilitating diplomatic communication, fostering bilateral relations, and providing consular services to Colombian citizens residing or traveling in Venezuela.

## Location and Facilities

The embassy is located in the Campo Alegre neighborhood, one of the more affluent and secure areas in Caracas, Venezuela's capital city. Campo Alegre is known for housing several other embassies and diplomatic missions, making it a central hub for international diplomacy in Venezuela. The embassy’s location in this prestigious neighborhood underscores the importance of the diplomatic relationship between Colombia and Venezuela, despite the historical fluctuations in their bilateral relations.

## Ambassador and Diplomatic Staff

The embassy is headed by the Ambassador of Colombia to Venezuela, who is appointed by the President of Colombia. The ambassador leads a team of diplomats and staff who work across various sections of the embassy, including political affairs, consular services, trade and economic relations, and cultural affairs. The ambassador's role is critical in maintaining open lines of communication with the Venezuelan government and in advancing Colombia's foreign policy objectives in Venezuela.

## Duties

The embassy is also accredited to the Co-operative Republic of Guyana, and the Republic of Suriname. The embassy is charged with representing the interests of the President and Government of Colombia, improving diplomatic relations between Colombia and the accredited countries, promoting and improving the image and standing of Colombia in the accredited nations, promoting the Culture of Colombia, encouraging and facilitating tourism to and from Colombia, and ensuring the safety of Colombians abroad.

## History

After the 2002 Venezuelan coup d'état attempt Pedro Carmona, president of the Venezuelan Federation of Chambers of Commerce (FEDECAMARAS) who served briefly as interim President of Venezuela when Hugo Chávez was removed from power, was placed under house arrest, but he was able to gain asylum in the Colombian embassy after an anti-Chávez protest drew away his security detail.
During the 2008 Andean diplomatic crisis, on 3 March, Venezuela's foreign ministry released a statement announcing to expel Colombia's ambassador and all diplomatic staff at the Colombian embassy in Caracas.
# Embassy of France, Copenhagen

The French Embassy in Copenhagen is the main diplomatic mission of France to the Kingdom of Denmark. It is located in the Thott Palace at Kongens Nytorv 4 in central Copenhagen, Denmark. The ambassador since June 15, 2022 is Christophe Parisot, in replacement of Caroline Ferrari.

## Thott Palace

The building now housing the French Embassy was built for the Danish naval hero Niels Juel from 1683 to 1686 as the just second building on Kongens Nytorv which, inspired by the royal squares of Paris, had been laid out by Christian V of Denmark in the years following his coronation in 1670. With his victory in the Battle of Køge Bay, Niels Juel had won fame and wealth. His new mansion was designed by Lambert van Haven as an L-shaped building in the Dutch Baroque style.
After Niels Juel's death in 1697, the king, Christian V of Denmark, arranged for his official mistress and mother to five of his children, Sophie Amalie Moth, to take over his mansion. She immediately passed it on to him and the king's eldest son, Christian Gyldenløve, who around 1700 extended the building with a third wing.
In 1769, the palace was acquired by Otto Thott, who had the facade towards modernized to the design of Nicolas-Henri Jardin in 1763–64. The property remained in the belonging of the Thott family until 1930 when it was purchased by the French state and turned into the French Embassy in Denmark.

## Cultural activities

The embassy is today also used as a venue for a multitude of activities including conferences, lectures, wine tastings and guided tours.
# Kosmos 106

Kosmos 106 (Russian: Космос 106 meaning Cosmos 106), also known as DS-P1-I No.1 was a satellite which was used as a radar target for anti-ballistic missile tests. It was launched by the Soviet Union in 1966 as part of the Dnepropetrovsk Sputnik programme and had a mass of 325 kilograms (717 lb).
It was launched aboard a Kosmos-2M 63S1M rocket, from Site 86/1 at Kapustin Yar. The launch occurred at 12:28 GMT on 25 January 1966. It was the only DS-P1-I satellite to be launched on the short-lived Kosmos-2M before launches switched to the Kosmos-2I 63SM variant.
Kosmos 106 was placed into a low Earth orbit with a perigee of 281 kilometres (175 mi), an apogee of 553 kilometres (344 mi), an inclination of 48.4°, and an orbital period of 92.8 minutes. It decayed from orbit on 14 November 1966.
Kosmos 106 was the first of nineteen DS-P1-I satellites to be launched. Of these, all reached orbit successfully except the DS-P1-I No.6 (seventh), on 30 January 1970.
# Bioinformatics Research Network

Bioinformatics Research Network (BRN) is a non-profit open-science research-based organization aiming to provide volunteer opportunities and bioinformatics research training that is free and open to everyone. It is a community-driven 501(c)(3) non-profit organization that aims to establish a worldwide network that is open to anyone interested in bioinformatics irrespective of academic background and to provide bioinformatics training, mentorship and the opportunity to collaborate on exciting research projects.

## Training and projects

BRN provides free training workshops through its partner group Bioinformatics Interest Group. BIG is a student club of The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio established to promote the development of student bioinformaticians and encourage the growth of bioinformatics skills in the community. BRN is open to academic labs to host projects for open collaboration. These projects are then available for everyone to contribute. To work on a project, a volunteer has to complete the required skill assessments for the specific project and apply to the respected team. The decision to allow the volunteer to work depends on the team of the respective project.

## Publication

BRN has published its projects in BioRxiv and in peer-reviewed journals.
# Petrova Vas

Petrova Vas (pronounced or; Slovene: Petrova vas, German: Petersdorf) is a settlement north of Črnomelj in the White Carniola area of southeastern Slovenia. The area is part of the traditional region of Lower Carniola and is now included in the Southeast Slovenia Statistical Region.

## Church

The local church is dedicated to John the Baptist (Slovene: sveti Janez Krstnik) and belongs to the Parish of Črnomelj. It was first mentioned in written documents dating to 1526, but has been extensively altered over the centuries.
# Bretea Română

Bretea Română (German: Brettendorf; Hungarian: Oláhbrettye) is a commune in Hunedoara County, Transylvania, Romania. It is composed of thirteen villages: Bățălar (Bacalár), Bercu (Berkány), Bretea Română, Bretea Streiului (Magyarbrettye), Covragiu (Kovrágy), Gânțaga (Goncága), Măceu (Mácsó), Ocolișu Mare (Nagyoklos), Plopi (Sztrigyplop), Ruși (Russ), Vâlcele (Pokolvalcsel), Vâlcelele Bune (Jóvalcsel), and Vâlceluța.

## Natives

* Mircea Păcurariu (1932–2021), theologian, historian, and priest in the Romanian Orthodox Church
# Drezna

Drezna (Russian: Дрезна́) is a town in Orekhovo-Zuyevsky District of Moscow Oblast, Russia, located on the river Drezna (Klyazma's tributary) 83 kilometers (52 mi) east of Moscow. Population: 11,820 (2010 Census); 11,665 (2002 Census); 13,047 (1989 Soviet census).

## History

It was founded by Ivan Zimin in 1897 as a mill town. It was named after the Drezna River. The mill utilised machinery supplied by Howard & Bullough for spinning and by Platt Brothers for weaving. Drezna was granted town status in 1940.

## Administrative and municipal status

Within the framework of administrative divisions, it is incorporated within Orekhovo-Zuyevsky District as the Town of Drezna. As a municipal division, the Town of Drezna is incorporated within Orekhovo-Zuyevsky Municipal District as Drezna Urban Settlement.
# Clare Scott

Clare Scott (born 23 September 2001) is an Australian cricketer who plays as a right-arm medium bowler for Tasmania in the Women's National Cricket League (WNCL).

## Domestic career

Scott made her debut for Tasmania on 2 March 2022, against Victoria in the 2021–22 WNCL season. She took 2/39 in the match, dismissing both openers as her side won by 47 runs. She went on to play three more matches for the side that season, taking one further wicket. She played two matches for the side in the 2022–23 WNCL season.
# Kicheh

Kicheh (Persian: كيچه, also Romanized as Kehcheh) is a village in Borborud-e Gharbi Rural District, in the Central District of Aligudarz County, Lorestan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 66, in 10 families.