OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Simon Mepeham

Simon Mepeham (or Meopham or Mepham; died 1333) was Archbishop of Canterbury from 1328 to 1333.

## Early life

Mepeham was educated at Oxford between the years 1290 and 1296 at Merton College where he devoted himself to the study of theology. He was ordained priest on 21 September 1297 in Canterbury Cathedral by Archbishop Robert Winchelsey, who gave Simon the rectory of Tunstall in Kent.
Mepeham became a prebendary of Llandaff in 1295 and soon afterwards a canon of Chichester but took no interest or part in public affairs.

## Archbishop of Canterbury

Mepeham was the candidate of the Earl of Lancaster against the candidate supported by Queen Isabella and Roger Mortimer. Elected to the Archbishopric of Canterbury on 11 December 1327, Simon Mepeham was consecrated on 5 June 1328, and received the temporalities of the see of Canterbury on 19 September 1328. That winter, he supported a rebellion against the rule of Roger Mortimer that was led by the Earl of Lancaster and supported by the Earl of Norfolk, Earl of Kent and others.
Archbishop Mepeham's register is lost and as a result what we know of his governance of his see is gleaned from the chroniclers William Thorne and William Dene. Mepeham was considered to be a "man of no great ability and with scanty knowledge of ecclesiastical tradition and propriety, and the maintenance of the rights of his See caused disputes on every side."

## Dispute and excommunication

Mepeham became involved in a dispute about the juridical rights of churches that had been appropriated by St Augustine's Abbey. The monks made an appeal against the Archbishop, and a Papal nuncio and canon of Salisbury, Icherius de Concareto, was appointed to mediate. Mepeham was cited to give evidence before him, but refused to attend. The suffragans of Canterbury were in support of Mepeham, but his refusal to submit to the judicial process of the Church led to his excommunication by Pope John XXII in 1333. Concoreto had issued an order suspending Mepham from presiding at Divine Services on 22 January 1333 with the condition that should the Archbishop continue to refuse to resist the will of the Pope and court he was to be excommunicated 30 days later.
Mepeham's excommunication was posthumously rescinded, allowing him to be buried in Canterbury Cathedral.

## Death and afterward

Mepeham died on 12 October 1333. He is buried in a tomb made of black marble located beneath the entrance arch to the Chapel of St. Anselm in Canterbury Cathedral.

## Citations

* 1 2 3 Chronicles of Wingham accessed April 2010
* ↑ Weir Queen Isabella p. 306
* 1 2 Fryde, et al. Handbook of British Chronology p. 233
* ↑ Powell House of Lords in the Middle Ages p. 302
* 1 2 Haines "An Innocent Abroad" English Historical Review pp. 555–596
* ↑ Carpenter Cantuar pp. 89–90
* ↑ Haines Archbishop Simon Mepham 1328-1333: A Boy Among Men
# Ectodomain

An ectodomain is the domain of a membrane protein that extends into the extracellular space (the space outside a cell). Ectodomains are usually the parts of proteins that initiate contact with surfaces, which leads to signal transduction. A notable example of an ectodomain is the S protein, commonly known as the spike protein, of the viral particle responsible for the COVID-19 pandemic. The ectodomain region of the spike protein (S) is essential for attachment and eventual entry of the viral protein into the host cell.
Ectodomains play a crucial part in the signaling pathways of viruses. Recent findings have indicated that certain antibodies including the anti-receptor binding domain (anti-RBD) or anti-spike ectodomain (anti-ECD) IgG titers can act as virus neutralization titers (VN titers) which can be identified in individuals with diseases, dyspnea and hospitalizations. In perspective of severe acute respiratory syndrome corona virus 2 (SARS-Cov-2) these specific ectodomains may detect antibody efficacy against SARS-Cov-2, in which VN titers can classify eligible plasma donors. Protective measures against diseases and respiratory conditions can further be advanced through ongoing research on ectodomains. Ectodomain's play a crucial part in the signaling pathways of viruses. In perspective of severe acute respiratory syndrome corona virus 2 (SARS-Cov-2) these specific ectodomains may detect antibody efficacy against SARS-Cov-2, in which VN titers can classify eligible plasma donors. Protective measures against diseases and respiratory conditions can further be advanced through ongoing research on ectodomains.
Ectodomains also interact with membrane systems inducing vesicle aggregation, lipid mixing and liposome leakage which provides information as to how certain viruses spread infection throughout the cellular domain. Specifically, the hepatitis C virus (HCV) utilize a fusion process in which the ectodomain of HCV E2 envelope protein confers fusogenic properties to membrane systems implying HCV infection proceeds throughout the cell through receptor mediated endocytosis. These findings in the role of the ectodomains interacting with target membranes give insight into virus destabilization and mechanism of the fusion of viral and cellular membrane which is yet to be further characterized.
# Shahrak-e Nur

Shahrak-e Nur (Persian: شهرك نور, also Romanized as Shahrak-e Nūr) is a village in Sardasht Rural District, in the Central District of Lordegan County, Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 117, in 22 families.
# Baltic Futsal Cup

The Baltic Futsal Cup is a Futsal competition among the national teams of the Baltic countries. The competition is hosted by the UEFA.
Not to be confused with club Baltic Futsal League, a competition contested by clubs of the Baltic countries.

## History

In 2015 Finland was invited to the tournament. In 2023 a joint Nordic Futsal Cup and Baltic Futsal Cup tournament was held, called Baltic–Nordic Futsal Cup.

## Summary

| Year | Host | Winner | Runner-up | Third place | Other places |
| 2008 | Latvia (Ogre) | Latvia | Lithuania | Estonia | |
| 2010 | Latvia (Ogre/Riga) | Latvia | Lithuania | Estonia | |
| 2013 | Latvia (Ogre) | Latvia | Lithuania | Estonia | |
| 2014 | Lithuania (Kėdainiai) | Latvia | Lithuania | Estonia | |
| 2015 | Estonia (Kiili) | Finland | Latvia | Estonia | Lithuania |
| 2016 | Latvia (Jelgava) | Latvia | Lithuania | Estonia | |
| 2017 | Lithuania (Šiauliai) | Lithuania | Latvia | Estonia | |
| 2019 | Estonia (Raasiku) | Latvia | Lithuania | Estonia | |
| 2021 | Latvia (Riga/Salaspils) | Lithuania | Latvia | Estonia | |
| 2023 | Denmark (Hjørring) | Denmark | Latvia | Norway | 4. Lithuania 5. Estonia 6. Greenland |
* ↑ Baltic–Nordic Futsal Cup

## Medal table

Medal table after the 2021 tournament
| Rank | Nation | Gold | Silver | Bronze | Total |
| 1 | Latvia | 6 | 3 | 0 | 9 |
| 2 | Lithuania | 2 | 6 | 0 | 8 |
| 3 | Finland | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
| 4 | Estonia | 0 | 0 | 9 | 9 |
| Totals (4 entries) | Totals (4 entries) | 9 | 9 | 9 | 27 |

## General statistics

As of 2017.
| Pos | Team | Part | Pld | W | D | L | GF | GA | Dif | Pts |
| 1 | Latvia | 7 | 15 | 11 | 2 | 2 | 65 | 26 | +39 | 35 |
| 2 | Lithuania | 7 | 15 | 6 | 2 | 7 | 41 | 42 | -1 | 20 |
| 3 | Finland | 1 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 9 | 4 | +5 | 7 |
| 4 | Estonia | 7 | 15 | 1 | 3 | 11 | 23 | 66 | -43 | 6 |
# Nemishaieve

Nemishaieve (Ukrainian: Немішаєве) (formerly Shevchenkove from 1917–1928; Ukrainian: Шевченкове) is a rural settlement in Bucha Raion (district) of Kyiv Oblast (province) in northern Ukraine. Nemishaieve hosts the administration of Nemishaieve settlement hromada, one of the hromadas of Ukraine. Its population is 6,178 as of the 2001 Ukrainian Census. Current population: 7,855 (2022 estimate). The settlement is located 38 kilometres (24 mi) to the north west of the nation's capital Kyiv.

## History

Nemishaieve was founded in 1900 as a village, and it retained its village status until it was upgraded to that of an urban-type settlement in 1950. The ruins of the Osten-Saksen estate, which was built in the 19th century, are located in the town.
The construction of the Kyiv-Kovel railroad facilitated the construction of a settlement, Nemishaieve, which was founded in September 1900. Nemishaieve is named in honor of the Southwestern Railways Director Klavdiy Nemishaiev, an influential Russian engineer and statesman, who provided 63 kilometres (39 mi) of land for construction of the railway and its workers. Prior to the town's formation, the settlement was a possession of the influential Russian Vorontsov family.
During World War II, local Soviet partisans who fought a guerrilla war against the Axis occupation of the Soviet Union were based in the village. After the war, Nemishaieve was upgraded to that of an urban-type settlement in 1950.
Until 18 July 2020, Nemishaieve belonged to Borodianka Raion. The raion was abolished that day as part of the administrative reform of Ukraine, which reduced the number of raions of Kyiv Oblast to seven. The area of Borodianka Raion was merged into Bucha Raion.
In 2022, a week after the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine, Vadym Denysenko, an adviser to the Ukrainian interior minister, said that a battle had taken place between Ukrainian and Russian forces.
On 26 January 2024, a new law entered into force which abolished the status of urban-type settlement, and Nemishaieve became a rural settlement.

## People from Nemishaieve

* Yuriy Karakai (1967), Ukrainian politician, People's Deputy of Verkhovna Rada from the Party of Regions.

## Gallery

* Nemishaieve Railway Station
* Biochemical factory in Nemishaieve
# Micropleura (nematode)

Micropleura is a genus of nematodes belonging to the family Micropleuridae.
Species:
* Micropleura australiensis Moravec, Ray & Hobbs, 2003
* Micropleura helicospicula Dey Sarkar, 2003
* Micropleura indica Khera, 1951
* Micropleura vazi Travassos, 1933
* Micropleura vivipara Linstow, 1906
# Halina Karnatsevich

Halina Karnatsevich, née Baruk (Belarusian: Галiна Карнацэвiч, born 2 November 1969) is a Belarusian long-distance runner.
She finished twelfth in the marathon at the 2005 World Championships in a personal best time of 2:27:14 hours.
In 2006 Karnatsevich was found guilty of stanozolol doping. The sample was delivered on 17 June 2006 in an in-competition test in Duluth, Minnesota, United States. She received an IAAF suspension from July 2006 to July 2008.

## Achievements

| Year | Competition | Venue | Position | Event | Notes |
| Representing Belarus ||||||
| 1998 | Reims Marathon | Reims, France | 3rd | Marathon | 2:36:18 |
| 1998 | Hamburg Marathon | Hamburg, Germany | 6th | Marathon | 2:35:40 |
| 1998 | European Championships | Budapest, Hungary | 29th | Marathon | 2:38:50 |
| 1999 | Rome City Marathon | Rome, Italy | 6th | Marathon | 2:35:59 |
| 1999 | Enschede Marathon | Enschede, Netherlands | 1st | Marathon | 2:37:35 |
| 1999 | Eindhoven Marathon | Eindhoven, Netherlands | 3rd | Marathon | 2:39:14 |
| 2003 | La Rochelle Marathon | La Rochelle, France | 4th | Marathon | 2:39:32 |
| 2005 | Grandma's Marathon | Duluth, United States | 1st | Marathon | 2:28:43 |
| 2005 | World Championships | Helsinki, Finland | 12th | Marathon | 2:27:14 |
| 2006 | Belgrade Marathon | Belgrade, Serbia and Montenegro | 1st | Marathon | 2:34:35 |
# Claude-Gilles Gosselin

Claude-Gilles Gosselin (March 12, 1924 – August 18, 2016) was a Canadian politician from Quebec.

## Background

Gosselin was born in East Angus and was a stock farmer.

## Member of the legislature

Gosselin supported the Union Nationale. He won a by-election in 1957 and became the Member of the National Assembly of Quebec (MNA) for the district of Compton.
He was re-elected in 1960, but his party lost the election against Jean Lesage's Liberals. Gosselin supported Jean-Jacques Bertrand over Daniel Johnson Sr. during the party leadership convention held in Quebec City on September 23, 1961.
Gosselin was re-elected in 1962 and 1966, but was defeated in 1970.

## Federal politics

He ran as a Progressive Conservative candidate for the district Mégantic-Compton-Stanstead in 1979, but finished a distant third.

## Retirement

After he retired from politics, Gosselin had a career in the private sector.
# 1979 Pacific Tigers football team

The 1979 Pacific Tigers football team represented the University of the Pacific (UOP) in the 1979 NCAA Division I-A football season as a member of the Pacific Coast Athletic Association.
The team was led by head coach Bob Toledo, in his first year, and played their home games at Pacific Memorial Stadium in Stockton, California. They finished the season with a record of three wins and seven losses (3–7, 0–5 PCAA). The Tigers were outscored by their opponents 162–193 over the season.

## Schedule

| Date | Opponent | Site | Result | Attendance |
| September 8 | at UTEP* | Sun BowlEl Paso, TX | L 7–31 | 23,400 |
| September 15 | Cal Poly* | Pacific Memorial StadiumStockton, CA | W 31–17 | 17,600–19,385 |
| September 22 | at Idaho* | Kibbie DomeMoscow, ID | L 13–17 | |
| September 29 | Cal State Fullerton | Pacific Memorial StadiumStockton, CA | L 7–17 | 16,400 |
| October 6 | at Iowa State* | Cyclone StadiumAmes, IA | W 24–7 | 47,600 |
| October 13 | at Southwestern Louisiana* | Cajun FieldLafayette, LA | W 10–7 | |
| October 20 | Utah State | Pacific Memorial StadiumStockton, CA | L 14–15 | 18,300 |
| October 27 | Fresno State | Pacific Memorial StadiumStockton, CA | L 10–33 | 25,300 |
| November 3 | at Long Beach State | Anaheim StadiumAnaheim, CA | L 15–17 | 5,733 |
| November 10 | at San Jose State | Spartan StadiumSan Jose, CA | L 31–32 | 11,700 |
| *Non-conference gameHomecoming ||||||

## Team players in the NFL

The following UOP players were selected in the 1980 NFL draft.
| Player | Position | Round | Overall | NFL team |
| Brad Vassar | Linebacker | 5 | 117 | Atlanta Falcons |
| Jack Cosgrove | Center | 8 | 207 | Seattle Seahawks |
| Mike House | Tight end | 8 | 208 | New England Patriots |
The following finished their college career in 1979, were not drafted, but played in the NFL.
| Player | Position | First NFL team |
| Kevin Turner | Linebacker | 1980 New York Giants |
| Mike Whited | Tackle | 1980 Detroit Lions |
# Academy of Foreign Trade in Lwów

Academy of Foreign Trade in Lwów (Polish: Akademia Handlu Zagranicznego we Lwowie, AHZ) was one of four colleges in the city of Lwów in the interbellum period, when it belonged to the Second Polish Republic (now Lviv, Ukraine). It existed between the years 1937-1939 and was based on the Foreign Trade College (Wyższa Szkola Handlu Zagranicznego), active from 1922 till 1937.
First trade college in the city of Lwów was a 3-year, state-sponsored school, founded in 1817 and which in 1845 was named Academy of Trade. In 1875, a trade high school with Polish as the main language was opened. These institutions merged in 1922, creating the Foreign Trade College.
The Academy was based in a building constructed in the 1920s, located at 5 Bourlard Street, it also owned another building, at 10 Sakramentek Street. Its students studied foreign trade, law, geography and science of commodities. It was the only college in the Second Polish Republic which prepared its graduates for future consular services. First rector of the Academy was professor Antoni Pawlowski, followed by prof. Aleksander Doliński, prof. Henryk Korowicz and prof. Stanisław Ruziewicz. Both Korowicz and Ruziewicz were killed in the Massacre of Lviv professors. Also, specialists from both Lwów Polytechnic and the Jan Kazimierz University lectured at the Academy. The school ceased to exist in September 1939, following the joint Nazi and Soviet attack on Poland.

## Sources

* A. Redzik, Szkic z dziejów szkolnictwa wyższego we Lwówie, Niepodległość i Pamięć, nr 24, 2006, s. 93-109.
* R. Domaszkiewicz, Akademia Handlu Zagranicznego we Lwowie 1939–1945, [w:] Lwowskie Środowisko naukowe w latach 1939–1945. O Jakubie Karolu Parnasie, pod red. Ireny Stasiewicz - Jasiukowej, wyd. 4, Warszawa 1993, s. 99-108;
49°50′12″N 24°01′58″E﻿ / ﻿49.836752°N 24.032702°E﻿ / 49.836752; 24.032702
* This city of Lviv-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
# Park Mun-su

Park Mun-su (Korean: 박문수; Hanja: 朴文秀; October 28, 1691–1756), also known as Bak Munsu, was a Korean government official in the period of King Yeongjo in the Joseon period. He was famous for the lifetime he spent protecting the Korean people from corrupt royal officials.
Park passed the state examination in 1723 and later became a secret royal inspector (Amhaengeosa; 暗行御史, 암행어사). He is the most famous secret inspector in the history of Korea, and has become something of a legendary figure, with many legends surrounding his achievements.
Bak was the son of Park Hang-han, and a member of the Goryeong Park clan. His art name was Gieun, his courtesy name was Seongbo, and his posthumous name was Chungheon.
Two portraits of Park Mun-su have been preserved and are in good condition.

## Popular culture

* Portrayed by Yoo Jun-sang in the 2002 MBC TV series Inspector Park Moon-soo.
* Portrayed by Lee Won-jong in the 2014 SBS TV series Secret Door.
* Portrayed by Kwon Yul in the 2019 SBS TV series Haechi.
# Micropleuridae

Micropleuridae is a family of nematodes belonging to the order Rhabditida.
Genera:
* Granulinema Moravec & Little, 1988
* Kamegainema Hasegawa, Doi, Araki & Miyata, 2000
* Micropleura Linstow, 1906
* Philonema
* Protenema Petter & Planelles, 1986
# Thurairajah

Thurairajah or Thurairaja (Tamil: துரைராஜா, romanized: Turairājā) is a Tamil male given name. Due to the Tamil tradition of using patronymic surnames it may also be a surname for males and females.

## Notable people
### Given name

* A. Thurairajah (1934–1994), Sri Lankan academic
* Chelliah Thurairaja, Sri Lankan army officer
* S. Thurairaja, Sri Lankan judge
* V. S. Thurairajah (1927–2011), Sri Lankan architect

### Surname

* Meary James Thurairajah Tambimuttu (1915–1983), Sri Lankan poet
* Thurairajah Raviharan, Sri Lankan politician
# Bauntovsky District

Bauntovsky District (Russian: Ба́унтовский райо́н; Buryat: Бабанта (Баунтын) аймаг, Babanta (Bauntyn) aimag) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the twenty-one in the Republic of Buryatia, Russia. It is located in the northeast of the republic. The area of the district is 66,816 square kilometers (25,798 sq mi). Its administrative center is the rural locality (a selo) of Bagdarin. As of the 2010 Census, the total population of the district was 9,667, with the population of Bagdarin accounting for 49.0% of that number.

## Etymology

The district is named after Lake Baunt.

## Geography

Most of the district's territory is located on the Vitim Plateau. To the west rises the Ikat Range and to the northeast, the Babanty Mountains, stretching from southwest to northeast from the Big Khapton and Little Khapton ridges to the Vitim River. The Southern Muya Range rises in the northwestern sector of the district, with lake Dorong. The Baunt Depression, along which the Tsipa River flows, stretches between the Tsipikan Mountains and the South Muya Range. Baunt, after which the district is named, as well as Busani are lakes located in the depression. To the southwest the Kapylyushi lake is on the northern side of the Tsipikan banks.

## Administrative and municipal status

Within the framework of administrative divisions, Bauntovsky District is one of the twenty-one in the Republic of Buryatia. The district is divided into nine selsoviets, comprising twenty-four rural localities. As a municipal division, the district is incorporated as Bauntovsky Municipal District. Its nine selsoviets are incorporated as nine rural settlements within the municipal district. The selo of Bagdarin serves as the administrative center of both the administrative and municipal district.

## Demographics

As of the 2010 Census the ethnic breakdown of Bauntovsky District was the following: Russians: 76.08% Buryats: 14.07% Evenks: 5.04% Others: 4.81%
# Governor's House, Lahore

The Governor's House (Urdu: گورنر ہاؤس) is the official residence of the governor of Punjab (Pakistan) located in Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. It is spread over 700 kanals. The current governor of Punjab is Sardar Saleem Haider Khan.

## Location and area

The Governor's House is located along the Mall Road in Lahore, the capital and political center of Punjab province. The main entrance is on the T-junction of Mall Road and Sharah-e-Aiwan-e-Sanat-o-Tijarat. Although a separate walled complex, it sits adjacent to the Staff College on one side and Al-Hamra Arts Council on the other. The building sits near the Lahore Zoo, Mayo Gardens, Pearl-Continental Hotels & Resorts, Avari Hotels, Bagh-e-Jinnah, Aitchison College, Qurban Lines (Police) and the Children's Library Complex.

## History

The Governor's House in Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan is the official residence of the Governor of Punjab (Pakistan). It is spread over 700 kanals. The current governor of Punjab is Sardar Saleem Haider Khan.
The residence is a typical mansion built among a large expanse of surrounding lawns and gardens. Under the house, there is a tomb belonging to a man by the name of Muhammad Qasim Khan, who is said to be a maternal cousin of the Mughal emperor Akbar. Four doorways enclose the two-story tomb and to the north, there is a stairway which leads up. Much of the furniture and artifacts used in the house are antique relics that date back.
After the annexation of the Punjab from the Sikh Empire, the building and the land around it was purchased for a paltry sum of Rs. 2,500 and utilized as a residence for the British Lieutenant-Governor of the Province. Following the independence of Pakistan in 1947, it was formally designated for the use of the province's governors.
The Governor's House has evolved over the years in terms of architect due to altered political scenarios, different events and requirements. During the British Raj it was the residence for the British lieutenant-Governor of the province and since independence of Pakistan in 1947 it was formally designated for the use of the province's governors. Governor House has various styles of architecture. Different portions were added to the house from time to time which goes back to many generations, reflecting the legacy of early periods. There are pieces of furniture of olden days are still in use. The residence is a mansion built among a large expanse of surrounding lawns and gardens.
# Kumeleh

Kumeleh (Persian: كومله) is a city in, and the capital of, Kumeleh District of Langarud County, Gilan province, Iran.

## Demographics
### Population

At the time of the 2006 National Census, the city's population was 5,703 in 1,636 households. The following census in 2011 counted 6,078 people in 1,943 households. The 2016 census measured the population of the city as 6,457 people in 2,255 households.