# Andrein

Andrein (French pronunciation:; Béarnese: Andrenh) is a commune in the Pyrénées-Atlantiques department in the Nouvelle-Aquitaine region of south-western France.

## Geography
### Location

Andrein is a béarnaise commune located on the left bank of the Gave d'Oloron 5 kilometres east of Sauveterre-de-Béarn and some 16 km south-west of Orthez. Access to the commune is by road D27 from Sauveterre-de-Bearn passing through the commune and the village and continuing east to Laàs. The D23 road from Burgaronne to L'Hôpital-d'Orion also passes through the north of the commune. The commune is mixed forest and farmland.

### Hydrography

Located in the Drainage basin of the Adour, the southern border of the commune is formed by the Gave d'Oloron. Numerous streams flow south through the commune to the Gave d'Oloron including the Malourau and the Lourou which forms the eastern border. The northern border is formed by the Arrec Heurre which flows west to eventually join the Gave d'Oleron east of Abitain.

### Localities and hamlets

* Araspy
* Arrouzère
* Bachoué Château
* Baillenx
* Balespet
* La Baronnie
* Bétouzet
* Bonnemaison
* Bordenave (2 places)
* Braile
* Les Camous
* Casamayou
* Castagnède
* Casteret
* Charrie
* Cousté
* Esploubet
* Hieyte
* Hourcade
* Hourquet
* Laborde
* Lagouarde
* Lauga
* Lée
* Louhau
* Lourou
* Loustau
* Maysonnave
* Monplaisir
* Moulinau
* Pellou
* Pouyau
* Quartier de Pouyau
* La Salle
* Sarrail
* Suberborde
* Temboury
* Téoulé
* Tinguerot
* Touroun.

### Neighbouring communes and villages

vtePlaces adjacent to Andrein :
Salies-de-Bearn
Orion
Sauveterre-de-Béarn
Andrein
Orriule
Saint-Gladie-Arrive-Munein
Barraute-Camu
Laàs :

## Toponymy

The commune name in Béarnese dialect and in Gascon Occitan is Andrenh. Brigitte Jobbé-Duval indicated that the name actually came from the family name Andréas with the suffix -enh. She also mentioned that the villagers were once called "cherry eaters".
The following table details the origins of the commune name and other names in the commune.
| Name | Spelling | Date | Source | Page | Origin | Description |
| Andrein | Andrenh | 1385 | Raymond | 6 | Census | Village |
| | Andreinh | 1544 | Raymond | 6 | Reformation | |
| | Sanctus Petrus d'Andrein | 1674 | Raymond | 6 | Insinuations | |
| Araspy | Araspin | 1385 | Raymond | 8 | Census | Farm |
| | Araspin de haut | 1614 | Raymond | 8 | Reformation | |
| | Araspin de baig | 1614 | Raymond | 8 | Reformation | |
| Arrouzère | Arrosere | 1385 | Raymond | 13 | Census | Farm |
| | Arrozere | 1391 | Raymond | 13 | Navarrenx | |
| Bachoué | Bachoué | 1641 | Raymond | 18 | Reformation | Fief, vassal of the Viscounts of Béarn |
| Bétouzet | Bétouzet | 1611 | Raymond | 30 | | Fief, vassal of the Viscounts of Béarn |
| Carjuzan | Carjuzan | | Raymond | 41 | | Barony, subject to the Viscounts of Béarn |
| Charrie | L'ostau de Xarre | 1385 | Raymond | 48 | Census | Farm |
| | Charrie | 1614 | Raymond | 48 | Reformation | |
| | Charie | 1863 | Raymond | 48 | | |
| Espiubeg | Espiubeig | 1780 | Raymond | 61 | Denombrement | Place |
| | Espiubeigt | 1780 | Raymond | 61 | Denombrement | |
| Larsun | Larsuno | 1540 | Raymond | 95 | Reformation | Hamlet |
| Lauga | Lauga | 1728 | Raymond | 96 | Denombrement | Fief, vassal of the Viscounts of Béarn |
| Le Poey | Le Poey | 1863 | Raymond | 136 | | Place |
| Sahores | Saƒores | 1397 | Raymond | 145 | Navarrenx | Farm |
| La Salle | La Sale d'Andrenh | 1385 | Raymond | 154 | Census | Fief, vassal of the Viscounts of Béarn, subject to the bailiwick of Sauveterre |
| | La Sala d'Andrenh | 1538 | Raymond | 154 | Reformation | |
| Touroun | La maison noble du Touron | 1728 | Raymond | 169 | Denombrement | Fief |
| | Le Turon | 1863 | Raymond | 169 | | |
Sources:
* Raymond: Topographic Dictionary of the Department of Basses-Pyrenees, 1863, on the page numbers indicated in the table. (in French)
Origins:
* Census: Census of Béarn
* Reformation: Reformation of Béarn
* Insinuations: Insinuations of the Diocese of Oloron
* Navarrenx: Notaries of Navarrenx
* Denombrement: Denombremont of Andrein

## History

Paul Raymond on page 6 of his 1863 dictionary noted that the commune had a Lay Abbey, a vassal of the Viscounts of Béarn.
In 1385 Andrein reported 17 fires and depended on the bailiwick of Sauveterre.

## Administration

List of Successive Mayors
| From | To | Name |
| 1995 | 2026 | Alain Martin |

### Inter-communality

The commune is part of five intercommunal structures:
* the inter-communal centre for Social Action of Sauveterre-de-Béarn;
* the Communauté de communes du Béarn des Gaves;
* the inter-communal association for the Gaves and of Saleys;
* the AEP association for the Saleys region;
* the energy association for Pyrénées-Atlantiques

## Demography

The inhabitants of the commune are known as Andreinais or Andreinaises in French.
| Year | Pop. | ±% p.a. |
| 1793 | 378 | — |
| 1800 | 238 | −6.40% |
| 1806 | 402 | +9.13% |
| 1821 | 271 | −2.59% |
| 1831 | 286 | +0.54% |
| 1836 | 373 | +5.46% |
| 1841 | 372 | −0.05% |
| 1846 | 364 | −0.43% |
| 1851 | 331 | −1.88% |
| 1856 | 327 | −0.24% |
| 1861 | 325 | −0.12% |
| 1866 | 332 | +0.43% |
| 1872 | 289 | −2.29% |
| 1876 | 275 | −1.23% |
| 1881 | 278 | +0.22% |
| 1886 | 242 | −2.74% |
| 1891 | 236 | −0.50% |
| 1896 | 248 | +1.00% |
| Year | Pop. | ±% p.a. |
| 1901 | 268 | +1.56% |
| 1906 | 246 | −1.70% |
| 1911 | 231 | −1.25% |
| 1921 | 218 | −0.58% |
| 1926 | 212 | −0.56% |
| 1931 | 210 | −0.19% |
| 1936 | 214 | +0.38% |
| 1946 | 184 | −1.50% |
| 1954 | 142 | −3.19% |
| 1962 | 111 | −3.03% |
| 1968 | 110 | −0.15% |
| 1975 | 99 | −1.49% |
| 1982 | 105 | +0.84% |
| 1990 | 103 | −0.24% |
| 1999 | 111 | +0.83% |
| 2007 | 129 | +1.90% |
| 2012 | 135 | +0.91% |
| 2017 | 131 | −0.60% |
Graphs are unavailable due to technical issues. There is more info on Phabricator and on MediaWiki.org. :
Source: EHESS and INSEE :

## Economy

Economic activity is mainly agricultural. The town is part of the Appellation d'origine contrôlée (AOC) zone of Ossau-iraty.

## Culture and Heritage
### Environmental heritage

The Touron de Larochelle is 195 metres high.

## Notable people linked to the commune

* Emmanuel Berl, born 2 August 1892 in Vésinet (Seine-et-Oise) and died 21 September 1976 in Paris, was a journalist, historian and French essayist. In 1920 he married Jacqueline Bordes in Andrein.
* Arthur Hugenschmidt (1862–1929) stayed in Andein in 1928 and 1929 with the Countess of Viforano (daughter of Dr. Joseph Marie Alfred Beni-Barde) according to correspondence from the Presidency of the Republic.