OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Marina von Neumann Whitman

Marina von Neumann Whitman (born March 6, 1935) is an American economist, writer and former automobile executive. She is a professor of business administration and public policy at the University of Michigan's Ross School of Business as well as The Gerald R. Ford School of Public Policy.
From 1979 until 1992 she was an officer of the General Motors Corporation, first as vice president and chief economist, and later as vice president and group executive for public affairs, which included the Economics, Environmental Activities, Industry-Government Relations and Public Relations staffs. She also serves or has served as a director of several leading multinational corporations and research and policy institutions, including the Institute for Advanced Study and Peterson Institute for International Economics.
Prior to her appointment at GM, Whitman was a member of the faculty in the Department of Economics at the University of Pittsburgh, beginning as an instructor in 1962 and becoming Distinguished Public Service Professor of Economics in 1973. She served as a member of the President's Council of Economic Advisers in 1972–73, while on leave from the university. She was a director at the Council on Foreign Relations between 1977 and 1987. She is also a former member of the Steering Committee of the Bilderberg Group.
Whitman received a B.A. in government from Radcliffe College (now Harvard University), graduating at the top of her class, and her M.A. and Ph.D. degrees in economics from Columbia University. The author of many books, monographs and articles, she is the recipient of numerous fellowships, honors and awards, and holds honorary degrees from over twenty colleges and universities.
Her father was the polymath John von Neumann, one of the foremost mathematicians of the 20th century. She was married to Robert Freeman Whitman,professor emeritus of English at the University of Pittsburgh, from 1956 until his death in 2024. Marina has two children and two grandchildren. Her step-brother is George H. Kuper, former president and chief executive officer of the Council of Great Lake Industries and an independent consultant in the areas of public policy, environmental and energy issues. Her daughter, Dr. Laura Mariette Whitman (1964–2023), was a noted specialist in internal medicine and out-patient medical education at Yale University. Laura was married to David L. Downie, a scholar of international environmental policy, who is the son of Leonard Downie, Jr., the journalist and long-time editor of the Washington Post.

## Published books

* The Martian's Daughter. A Memoir, The University of Michigan Press, 2012.
* New World, New Rules: The Changing Role of the American Corporation, Harvard Business School Press, 1999
* Reflections of Interdependence: Issues for Economic Theory and U.S. Policy, University of Pittsburgh Press, 1979.
* Government Risk-Sharing in Foreign Investment, Princeton University Press, 1965
# Gjergj Xhuvani

Gjergj Xhuvani (20 December 1963 – 14 August 2019) was an Albanian film director, screenwriter and producer.
His 2001 film Slogans was Albania's submission to the 74th Academy Awards for the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film, but was not accepted as a nominee. His 2009 film East, West, East: The Final Sprint was selected as the Albanian entry for the Best Foreign Language Film at the 83rd Academy Awards, but it did not make the January shortlist.

## Death

Xhuvani died from complications of diabetes at age 55.
# Panorama 1453 History Museum

The Panorama 1453 Historical Museum is a historical museum in Istanbul that opened on 31 January 2009.
This museum shows the conquering of the city of Constantinople, capital of the Byzantine Empire, by the troops of the Ottoman Sultan Mehmed the Conqueror on 29 May 1453. The museum is located close to the point where the Ottomans breached the walls. Its main exhibit is a 360° "panorama" painting, (also known as a Cyclorama) of the battlefield at the time the walls were breached, giving the visitor the impression they are standing in the middle of the battle. The painting is made and presented in such a way that the visitor appears to be at the centre of a huge space rather than a circle only 38m in diameter. Sound effects add to the illusion - there is the sound of guns firing, of soldiers shouting and a military band playing to urge on the troops.

## Practical information

The museum is located at the Topkapı station on the T1 and T4 Tram lines.

## Design and Construction of the Museum

Construction of the building and the painting of the giant panorama mural started in 2005, with 8 artists working on the mural. The depiction of the damaged walls of the city was based on a report on the repair of the walls by the first mayor of Istanbul, Khidr. The painting of the mural was completed in 2008. The museum opened on January 31, 2009. It was completed at a cost of $5 million and is Turkey's first panoramic museum. The museum is the owner of ideas and the coordinator of the project is painter Hashim Citizen.

## A view from inside the Panorama Museum

This panoramic picture contains 10,000 figure drawings. The panoramic picture is drawn on a hemisphere 38 m in diameter. The picture has a surface area of 2,350 m$^2$; the platform where the 3D objects between the picture and the visitor platform is located is 650 m$^2$ and the visitor is in every direction II. One voice of Mehmed's thousands of soldiers and the Mehter Marşı encircle. Also pictured is pigment ink, which has remained untouched for over 100 years.
The audience can experience a shock of up to 10 seconds on this platform in the museum. The first person to look at the panoramic picture on the museum will not be able to grasp the actual dimensions of the work because of their optical habits. This is due to the fact that the dimensions of the image do not have references to provide the concept, such as start and end points. While the museum is in a closed space, the visitor experiences a three-dimensional outer space again.
The museum is located opposite the Topkapı-Edirnekapı walls, where the embankment passes. In the vicinity of the museum you can see the Topkapı Walls and Silivrikapı walls in Constantinople, the first Turkish soldiers.
# Creysse, Dordogne

Creysse (French pronunciation:; Occitan: Creissa) is a commune in the Dordogne department in Nouvelle-Aquitaine in southwestern France.
# Asahikawa City University

Asahikawa City University (旭川市立大学, Asahikawa Shiritsu daigaku) is a public university in Asahikawa, Hokkaido, Japan. Established in 1898, it was chartered as a university in 1968. It is officially accredited/recognized by the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology. The university offers courses and programs leading to bachelor's and master's degrees in several areas of study.
Asahikawa City University provides academic and non-academic facilities and services to students including a library, sport facilities and/or activities, as well as administrative services.

## History

The university's predecessor was founded as Asahikawa Sewing Vocational School in 1898 by Sawai Hyōjirō. In 1904, it was renamed Asahikawa Girls' Sewing School.
In 1968, it was chartered as a university as Kitanihon Gakuin University and renamed Asahikawa University in 1970.
The university's graduate school was established in 1999, with the establishment of the Graduate School of Economics.
In 2023, transformed from a private university to a public university, it was renamed Asahikawa City University.

## Lawsuit

The university became known for being party to a legal action involving the dismissal of a non-Japanese "English as a Foreign Language" teacher. The teacher was dismissed because it was believed she had lost her "freshness" and was unable to teach foreign culture, as she had been employed by the university for an extended period and was married to a Japanese national. The case was subject to appeals by both sides and was finally found in favor of the university as the Supreme Court declined to hear the employee's final appeal.
# Cape Caphereus

Cape Caphereus or Cape Kafireas (Greek: Ακρωτήριο Καφηρέας, older form: Καφηρεύς), also known as Cavo D'Oro (Greek: Κάβο Ντόρο, from the Italian for "Cape of Gold") is a promontory on the southeastern tip of the island of Euboea in the Aegean Sea.
With the nearby island of Andros, it forms the Kafireas Straits or Doro Channel - historically called the Doro Passage or D'Oro Passage.
In earlier times, the channel was one of the most dangerous areas for shipping in the entire Aegean. The Battle of Doro Passage took place on 16 October 1827, and was a small naval engagement in which a British merchant ship, Comet, was captured by Greek pirates but then liberated by an escorting warship USS Porpoise. Sinkings in the channel include the British sailing ship Providence in 1835, the sailing vessel Kleopatra sunk during World War I by UC-23 and the SS Tampico, an Italian tanker, torpedoed during World War II.
# Beta Arietis

Beta Arietis (β Arietis, abbreviated Beta Ari, β Ari), officially named Sheratan /ˈʃɛrətæn/, is a star system and the second-brightest star in the constellation of Aries, marking the ram's second horn.

## Nomenclature

Beta Arietis is the star's Bayer designation. It also bears the Flamsteed designation 6 Arietis.
The traditional name, Sheratan (or Sharatan, Sheratim), in full Al Sharatan, is from the Arabic الشرطان aš-šaraţān "the two signs", a reference to the star having marked the northern vernal equinox together with Gamma Arietis several thousand years ago. In 2016, the International Astronomical Union organized a Working Group on Star Names (WGSN) to catalogue and standardize proper names for stars. The WGSN approved the name Sheratan for this star on 21 August 2016 and it is now so entered in the IAU Catalog of Star Names.
In Chinese, 婁宿 (Lóu Xiù), meaning Bond (asterism), refers to an asterism consisting of β Arietis, γ Arietis and α Arietis. Consequently, the Chinese name for β Arietis itself is 婁宿一 (Lóu Su yī, English: the First Star of Bond).

## Properties

Beta Arietis has an apparent visual magnitude of 2.65. Based on dynamical parallax measurements, it is located at a distance of 58.4 light-years (17.9 parsecs) from Earth. This is a spectroscopic binary star system consisting of a pair of stars orbiting around each other with a separation that can not currently be resolved with a conventional telescope. However, the pair have been resolved using the Mark III Stellar Interferometer at the Mount Wilson Observatory. This allows the orbital elements to be computed, as well as the individual masses of the two stars. The stars complete their highly elliptical orbit every 107 days.
The primary star has a stellar classification of A3 V, which means it is an A-type main-sequence star that is generating energy through the thermonuclear fusion of hydrogen in its core region. The NStars project gives the star a spectral type of kA4 hA5 mA5 Va under the revised MK spectral classification system. The secondary star is a G-type main-sequence star, with a stellar classification of G2V. It is about four magnitudes fainter than the primary; hence the energy output from the system is dominated by the primary star. In a few million years, as the primary evolves toward a red giant, significant amounts of mass transfer to the secondary component is expected.
The primary has been classified as a rapid rotator, with a projected rotational velocity of 73 km/s providing a lower bound on the azimuthal rotational velocity along the equator. It may also be a mildly Am star, which is a class of stars that show a peculiar spectrum with strong absorption lines from various elements and deficiencies in others. In β Arietis, these absorption lines are broadened because of the Doppler effect from the rotation, making analysis of the abundance patterns difficult.
This system has been examined with the Spitzer Space Telescope for the presence of an excess emission of infrared, which would indicate a disk of dust. However, no significant excess was detected.
# Neubulach

Neubulach is a town in the district of Calw, in Baden-Württemberg, Germany.

## History

Neubulach was probably founded in the late 13th century by the Count of Hohenberg, who possessed the bergregal over local silver mining. The earliest document to refer to Neubulach comes from 1300, and it refers to Neubulach as a town (Stadt).

## Geography

The township (Stadt) of Neubulach is located at the center of the district of Calw, in Baden-Württemberg, one of the 16 States of the Federal Republic of Germany. Neubulach's municipal area stretches over the plateau of the Enz and Nagold river valleys, between those of the Teinach to the north and the Zingelbach to the south. Elevation above sea level in the municipal area ranges from a high of 661 meters (2,169 ft) Normalnull (NN) to a low of 342 meters (1,122 ft) NN.

## Politics

Neubulach has five boroughs (Ortsteil) – Altbulach, Liebelsberg, Martinsmoos, Neubulach, and Oberhaugstett – and eight villages: Elektrizitätswerk, Kohlerstal, Lautenbachhof, Lochsägmühle, Marmorwerk, Seitzental, Talmühle, and Teinachtal.

### Coat of arms

Neubulach's municipal coat of arms an eagle, in black, with red feet and beak and wearing a red crown, upon a field of yellow. Over the eagle's chest is a small blazon with a white field with crossed hammer and pick, both red. The crowned eagle is a motif that has been associated with Neubulach since its foundation, first appearing in the 1300 document and then again in 1535. This was the coat of arms of Neubulach until 1975, when the blazon upon the eagle's chest was added to reference the town's mining history. This coat of arms was awarded to Neubulach along with a municipal flag by the Calw district office on 19 November 1976.

## Transportation

Neubulach is connected to Germany's network of roadways by Bundesstraße 463 [de] and to its system of railways by the Nagold Valley Railway. Local public transportation is provided by the Verkehrsgesellschaft Bäderkreis Calw [de].
# Occoneechee Mountain State Natural Area

Occoneechee Mountain State Natural Area is a North Carolina state park in Orange County, North Carolina in the United States. Located adjacent to the town of Hillsborough, it covers 221 acres (0.89 km$^2$) and includes Occoneechee Mountain, the highest point (867 ft) in Orange County and a settlement of the Occaneechi tribe.

## History

Rising more than 350 feet (110 m) from the Eno River, the Occoneechee Mountain summit is the highest point in Orange County.
Researchers believe that the area's habitat has remained relatively unchanged since the last ice age due to the presence of the brown elfin, a rare butterfly, and several unique plant species. The brown elfin is typically found in mountainous and northern areas, and the nearest brown elfin population to Occoneechee is more than 100 miles (160 km) west. When the Piedmont's habitat underwent enormous transformations after the Ice Age, the area became unable to support the brown elfin and other species more accustomed to cooler environments. Brown elfins, believed to have once populated the Piedmont, were restricted to the state's mountains. However, the brown elfin butterflies at Occoneechee Mountain remained.
The land the state natural area now sits on was originally settled by the Occaneechi Band of the Saponi Nation, who traveled to the mountain from the west. In the colonial period, European immigrants settled the area. Until 1987, a mill village occupied a section of the natural area. The NC Division of Parks and Recreation first purchased land at Occoneechee Mountain in December 1997. Since then, the natural area has grown to 221 acres (0.89 km$^2$)

## Recreation

Occoneechee Mountain State Natural Area features over 3 miles of trails, as well as fishing and picnic areas. The park's trail network also connects to the paved Hillsborough Riverwalk trail, which extends east along the Eno River towards downtown Hillsborough.

## Nearby state parks

The following state parks are within 30 miles (48 km) of Occoneechee Mountain State Natural Area:
* Eno River State Park
* Falls Lake State Recreation Area
* Jordan Lake State Recreation Area
* William B. Umstead State Park
# Mark Lance

Mark Norris Lance (born 1959) is a professor in the Philosophy Department and Justice and Peace Studies Program at Georgetown University.

## Life

Lance earned his Ph.D. at the University of Pittsburgh under the direction of Robert Brandom and Nuel Belnap. His main areas of expertise are philosophy of language, epistemology, philosophical logic, and metaphysics. He also writes and speaks extensively on anarchist theory. Lance is a critic of anarcho-primitivism and its rejection of language.
Lance is co-director of the Georgetown University Program on Justice and Peace. He has been the General Director of the Institute for Anarchist Studies and a contributor to its journal, Perspectives on Anarchist Theory. He has been active in a wide range of activist organizations, including work in solidarity with Latin America, Palestine, and South Africa, as well as anti-war, LGBTQ, and global justice work.
Lance protested the arrival of President Álvaro Uribe to teach at Georgetown University in September 2010, and was interviewed by Colombia's El Espectador in a film clip, and in the print editions of The Georgetown Voice.

## Works

* Lance, M.N.; Hawthorne, J.P. (1997). The Grammar of Meaning: Normativity and Semantic Discourse. Cambridge Studies in Philosophy. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-58300-8.
* Kukla, Rebecca; Lance, Mark Norris 'Yo!' and 'Lo!' : the pragmatic topography of the space of reasons Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 2009. ISBN 9780674031470, OCLC 214282222
* M. Potrc; V. Strahovnik; M. Lance, eds. (2010). Challenging Moral Particularism. Routledge Studies in Ethics and Moral Theory. Taylor & Francis. ISBN 978-1-135-89251-7.
* Lance, Mark; Kukla, Rebecca (2009-01-28). "Perception, language, and the first person". PhilPapers.
# Colosova

Colosova (Moldovan Cyrillic: Колосова, Russian: Колосово, romanized: Kolosovo, Ukrainian: Колосове, romanized: Kolosove) is a commune in the Grigoriopol District of Transnistria, an unrecognised state claimed by Moldova. It is composed of three villages: Colosova, Crasnaia Besarabia (Червона Бесарабія, Красная Бессарабия) and Pobeda (Побєда, Победа). It is currently under the administration of the breakaway government of the Transnistrian Moldovan Republic. The village of Colosova was part of the Glückstal Colonies, known during the 19th Century as Bergdorf and inhabited by Germans farmers.
According to the 2004 census, the village's population was 887, of which 204 (22.99%) were Moldovans (Romanians), 415 (46.78%) were Ukrainians and 162 (18.26%) were Russians.
# Silpakorn University Art Gallery

Silapakorn University Art Gallery (Thai: หอศิลป์ มหาวิทยาลัยศิลปากร; RTGS: Hosin Mahawitthayalai Sinlapakon) is an art gallery and museum in Bangkok, Thailand. It is a building in Silpakorn University Wang Tha Phra Campus on Na Pralarn Road, directly north of the Grand Palace and south of Wat Mahathat Yuwaratrangsarit. It was created in 1994.
Silpakorn University (also known as the University of Fine Arts) is a National university in Thailand. The university was founded in Bangkok in 1943 by Italian-born art professor Corrado Feroci, who took the Thai name Silpa Bhirasri when he became a Thai citizen. It began as a fine arts university and now includes many other faculties as well.
# Socialist March

Socialist March (Greek: Σοσιαλιστική Πορεία, Sosialistiki Poreia) was a Greek short-lived political party founded in 1975 by former members of PASOK who was expelled due to their disagreement with the party's leader, Andreas Papandreou. In 1977, it participated in Progress and Left Forces Alliance, a coalition of small left-wing parties. In 1979 the party was dissolved.
# The Old Man (Gorky play)

The Old Man (Старик) is a 1915 by Maxim Gorky. Revised 1922, 1924, it has also been translated by Marie Zakrevsky and Barrett H. Clark The Judge (1925).
# Saint-Marcel-lès-Sauzet

Saint-Marcel-lès-Sauzet (French pronunciation:, literally Saint-Marcel near Sauzet; Occitan: Sant Marcèu de Sauset) is a commune in the Drôme department in southeastern France.
# Tshane Airport

Tshane Airport (ICAO: FBTE) is an airport serving the village of Tshane, Botswana. The Tshane salt pan is very flat and has many tracks but no marked runway.
# Guatemalan Social Democratic Party (2015)

Guatemalan Social Democratic Party was a political party in Guatemala.

## History

The political party was registered in 2005 by Carlos Alfonso González Quezada. Guatemalan Social Democratic Party was suspended for not having the necessary affiliates. It was canceled in July 2018 for not having the necessary requirements for its validity.
# Zgornje Prapreče

Zgornje Prapreče (pronounced; German: Oberprapretsch) is a small settlement near Lukovica pri Domžalah in the eastern part of the Upper Carniola region of Slovenia.
# Kosmos 725

Kosmos 725 (Russian: Космос 725 meaning Cosmos 725), also known as DS-P1-Yu No.77, was a Soviet satellite which was launched in 1975 as part of the Dnepropetrovsk Sputnik programme. It was a 400-kilogram (880 lb) spacecraft, which was built by the Yuzhnoye Design Bureau, and was used as a radar calibration target for anti-ballistic missile tests.
A Kosmos-2I 63SM carrier rocket was used to launch Kosmos 725 from Site 133/1 of the Plesetsk Cosmodrome. The launch occurred at 18:29:56 UTC on 8 April 1975, and resulted in the successfully insertion of the satellite into low Earth orbit. Upon reaching orbit, the satellite was assigned its Kosmos designation, and received the International Designator 1975-026A. The North American Aerospace Defense Command assigned it the catalogue number 07730.
Kosmos 725 was the seventy-sixth of seventy nine DS-P1-Yu satellites to be launched, and the sixty-ninth of seventy two to successfully reach orbit. It was operated in an orbit with a perigee of 267 kilometres (166 mi), an apogee of 466 kilometres (290 mi), 70.9 degrees of inclination, and an orbital period of 91.9 minutes. It remained in orbit until it decayed and reentered the atmosphere on 6 January 1976.
# Sikalikul

Sikalikul (Russian: Сикаликуль; Bashkir: Һикәлекүл, Hikälekül) is a rural locality (a village) in Ismailovsky Selsoviet, Dyurtyulinsky District, Bashkortostan, Russia. The population was 170 as of 2010. There is 1 street.

## Geography

Sikalikul is located 27 km northwest of Dyurtyuli (the district's administrative centre) by road. Telepanovo is the nearest rural locality.
# SM U-104

SM U-104 was a German Type U 57 U-boat during the First World War. U-104 was built at AG Weser in Bremen, launched on 3 July 1917 and commissioned on 12 August 1917. She completed four patrols under Kptlt. Kurt Bernis and was responsible for the sinking of nine vessels of a total of 14,721 gross register tons (GRT).

## Loss

On 25 April 1918 the U-104 was engaged by USS Cushing in St. George's Channel and severely damaged. Later the same day HMS Jessamine came upon her and dropped further depth-charges, sinking her and leaving but a single survivor of her 42-member crew. The wreckage lies at position 51°59′N 6°26′W﻿ / ﻿51.983°N 6.433°W﻿ / 51.983; -6.433.

## Summary of raiding history

| Date | Name | Nationality | Tonnage | Fate |
| 26 October 1917 | Sapele | United Kingdom | 4,366 | Sunk |
| 15 December 1917 | Maidag | Norway | 1,253 | Sunk |
| 21 December 1917 | Spro | Norway | 1,507 | Sunk |
| 25 December 1917 | Ajax | Denmark | 1,018 | Sunk |
| 2 March 1918 | Kenmare | United Kingdom | 1,330 | Sunk |
| 12 April 1918 | Njaal | Russian Empire | 578 | Sunk |
| 16 April 1918 | Widwud | Russian Empire | 299 | Sunk |
| 20 April 1918 | Lowther Range | United Kingdom | 3,926 | Sunk |
| 22 April 1918 | Fern | United Kingdom | 444 | Sunk |
# Javan Sheykh

Javan Sheykh (Persian: جوان شيخ, also Romanized as Javān Sheykh) is a village in Owch Hacha Rural District, in the Central District of Ahar County, East Azerbaijan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 62, in 15 families.