OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Lud, son of Shem

Lud (Hebrew: לוּד Lūḏ) was a son of Shem and grandson of Noah, according to Genesis 10 (the "Table of Nations").
The descendants of Lud are usually, following Josephus, connected with various Anatolian peoples, particularly Lydia (Assyrian Luddu) and their predecessors, the Luwians; cf. Herodotus' assertion (Histories i. 7) that the Lydians were first so named after their king, Lydus (Λυδός). However, the chronicle of Hippolytus of Rome (c. 234 AD) identifies Lud's descendants with the Lazones or Alazonii (names usually taken as variants of the "Halizones" said by Strabo to have once lived along the Halys) while it derives the Lydians from the aforementioned Ludim, son of Mizraim.
The Book of Jubilees, in describing how the world was divided between Noah's sons and grandsons, says that Lud received "the mountains of Asshur and all appertaining to them till it reaches the Great Sea, and till it reaches the east of Asshur his brother" (Charles translation). The Ethiopian version reads, more clearly "... until it reaches, toward the east, toward his brother Asshur's portion." Jubilees also says that Japheth's son Javan received islands in front of Lud's portion, and that Tubal received three large peninsulae, beginning with the first peninsula nearest Lud's portion. In all these cases, "Lud's portion" seems to refer to the entire Anatolian peninsula, west of Mesopotamia.
Some scholars have associated the Biblical Lud with the Lubdu of Assyrian sources, who inhabited certain parts of western Media and Atropatene.
10th century Muslim historian Ali ibn al-Husayn al-Masudi writes in his widely acclaimed historical book The Meadows of Gold and Mines of Gems that Keyumars, the first king of Persia, was the son of Lud, son of Shem.
The Muslim historian Muhammad ibn Jarir al-Tabari (c. 915) recounts a tradition that the wife of Lud was named Shakbah, daughter of Japheth, and that with him she gave birth to "Faris, Jurjan, and the races of Persia." He further asserts that Lud was the progenitor of not only the Persians, but also the Amalekites and Canaanites, and all the peoples of the East, Oman, Hejaz, Syria, Egypt, and Bahrain.
Some creationists identify Lud as the progenitor of Haplogroup I-M170.
# Nouveau Larousse illustré

The Nouveau Larousse illustré (French pronunciation:, New Larousse Illustrated) was an illustrated French language encyclopedia published by Éditions Larousse between 1897 and 1904, in 7 volumes and a supplement. It was essentially a scaled-down version of the Grand dictionnaire universel du XIXe siècle (Great universal dictionary of the 19th century) of Pierre Larousse, but updated and written in a more neutral, scientific style under the editorship of Claude Augé (1854−1924).
The encyclopedia consisted of 7,600 pages containing 237,000 articles, with 49,000 black and white illustrations, over 500 maps and 89 colour plates.
# Ivanhoe mining district

The Ivanhoe is a mining district in Elko County, Nevada, US. It is located in the Butte Creek Range, 10 miles (16 km) southeast of Midas, and 30 miles (48 km) north-northeast of Battle Mountain. It is situated at an elevation of 6,099 feet (1,859 m) above sea level. Mercury mining took place in Ivanhoe between the time of the discovery of cinnabar ore in the 19th century and the mid-1940s. A rare dimorph of cinnabar, metacinnabar, has also been reported in the Ivanhoe district. Gold mining started in the 1980s. The rare mineral, Ammonioalunite, has been discovered in a fossil hot spring deposit in Ivanhoe.

## History

The first mercury deposits in the area were established in 1915 by W. F. Roseberry and W. C. Davis. While the two created the Ivanhoe Springs Mining Company to extract the mercury, the operation lasted only until 1918. In 1927, multiple mining companies entered Ivanhoe to continue mining for mercury, and eventually, three mines were set up: the Butte, the Governor, and the Silver Cloud – each owned by separate mining companies. Of these mines, the Butte mine produced the highest amount of mercury flasks, at 1,032 from its year of establishment to 1944, when all mines Ivanhoe stopped operating due to World War II.
Although mining operations were revived post-World War II, the amount of mercury produced was minuscule compared to what it was prior. Uranium mining was also conducted in 1960, though only small amounts were able to be extracted. However, in the 1980s, Ivanhoe regained the interest of mining companies due to the advent of microscopic gold mining, and by 1992, around 500,000 ounces of gold were extracted from Ivanhoe mines.
# Docaviv

Docaviv (Hebrew: דוקאביב), also known as the Tel Aviv International Documentary Film Festival, is the only film festival in Israel dedicated to documentary films, and the largest film festival in Tel Aviv. It is run by a non-profit organisation of the same name, founded in 1998. In recent years (to 2021) the festival has drawn an attendance of around 40,000.
The festival has multiple sections, including a domestic Israeli Competition, an International Competition, and the non-competitive Panorama, Masters and Music sections.
Docaviv Galilee is a five-day offshoot of the festival, held at Ma'alot-Tarshiha.

## Funding and selection process

Docaviv is funded by the Israeli government, as well as by private entities and companies. In 2019, the festival's artistic director, Karin Rywkind Segal, stated that the festival operates independently in selecting films, and that, "So far, no one has requested that we change anything. We are not a political film festival, but we are against censorship, and we are for freedom of speech and democracy. And we can be very diverse. If there is a movie that is not in alignment with our political views but gets people to ask questions, or even if it's one-sided in its outlook, but is open to debate and thought, we will screen it if it's a good piece of cinema."
Each year, Docaviv staff meet with funding bodies for documentaries, as well as with broadcasters, in order to be cognizant of upcoming documentary films and ask their filmmakers to submit their works to the festival. Submissions to Docaviv's Israeli Competition are submitted through an open call process each September. Around 80 documentaries are submitted to Docaviv's Israeli Competition annually. The members of the selection committee for the Israeli Competition change each year.
# Roman Catholic Diocese of Armenia

The Diocese of Armenia (Latin: Armeniensis) is a Latin Church ecclesiastical jurisdiction or diocese of the Catholic Church in Colombia. Its episcopal see is Armenia in Columbia's Quindío Department . The diocese is a suffragan in the ecclesiastical province of the metropolitan Archdiocese of Manizales.

## History

* 12 December 1952: Established as Diocese of Armenia from the Diocese of Manizales

## Ordinaries

* José de Jesús Martinez Vargas (1952.12.18 – 1972.02.08) Retired
* Libardo Ramírez Gómez (1972.02.08 – 1986.10.18) Appointed, Bishop of Garzón
* José Roberto López Londoño (1987.05.09 – 2003.10.07) Appointed, Bishop of Jericó
* Fabio Duque Jaramillo, O.F.M. (2003.11.29 – 2012.06.11) Appointed, Bishop of Garzón
* Pablo Emiro Salas Anteliz, (2014.08.18 – 2017.11.14), appointed Archbishop of Barranquilla
* Carlos Arturo Quintero Gómez (2018.12.04 - present)
# Almiserà

Almiserà (Valencian:; Spanish: Almiserat) is a municipality located in the southern foothills of the Buixcarró mountain range in the Safor comarca of Spain's Valencian Community. 14 km inland from the Mediterranean coastal town of Gandia, it can be reached from Valencia via the N-332, CV-686 and the CV-60 roads.
The climate is mild with a prevalence of easterly and westerly winds, the former providing the rainfall that keeps the terrain fertile. The village is situated on the left bank of the river Vernisa, on a small hillock surrounded by mountains with numerous natural springs and opportunities for ecotourists.
Places of interest include the remains of Vilella Castle, the Parish Church of the Nativity of Our Lady, the traditional municipal washhouse and a watermill which was still in use as recently as the late fifties. There is also the nearby 14th century Monastery of Sant Jeroni de Cotalba which forms part of the Valencian "Ruta de Los Monasterios" tour.
The principal village fiestas, traditionally lasting four days, are held during the last week in August, the last day coinciding with the last Saturday of the month:
* Day 1: La Vespra. The start of the fiestas.
* Day 2: El dia de l’Ajuntament, organized by the Town Council and dedicated to the village’s patron saint, St. Ursula.
* Day 3: El dia dels festers jóvens, organized by a group of young people from the village and dedicated to the Immaculate Conception.
* Day 4: El dia dels festers casats, organized by a group of married couples and dedicated to the Christ of Refuge.
Additional fiestas are held in honour of Saint Ursula on 21 October and in honour of Saint Anthony on 17 January.
# 1915 Asmara earthquake

The 1915 Asmara earthquake took place outside Asmara, Eritrea on September 23 with an M$_w$  of 6.2 and a maximum perceived intensity of VI (Strong) on the Mercalli intensity scale.

## Effects

The event caused panic among the inhabitants and minor damage. The earthquake is described by experts as being of relatively large magnitude.
# Tohorot

Tohorot (Hebrew: טָהֳרוֹת, lit. 'Purities') is the sixth and last order of the Mishnah (also of the Tosefta and Talmud). This order deals with the clean/unclean distinction and family purity. This is the longest of the orders in the Mishnah. There are 12 tractates:
* Keilim: (כלים "Vessels"); deals with a large array of various utensils and how they fare in terms of purity. 30 chapters, the longest in the Mishnah.
* Oholot: (אוהלות "Tents"); deals with the uncleanness from a corpse and its peculiar property of defiling people or objects either by the latter "tenting" over the corpse, or by the corpse "tenting" over them, or by the presence of both corpse and person or object under the same roof or tent.
* Nega'im: (נגעים "Plagues"); deals with the laws of the tzaraath.
* Parah: (פרה "Cow"); deals largely with the laws of the Red Heifer (Para Adumah).
* Tohorot: (טהרות "Purities"); deals with miscellaneous laws of purity, especially the actual mechanics of contracting impurity and the laws of the impurity of food.
* Mikva'ot: (מקואות "Ritual Baths"); deals with the laws of the mikveh.
* Niddah: (נידה "Separation"); deals with the Niddah, a woman either during her menstrual cycle or shortly after having given birth.
* Makhshirin: (מכשירין "Preliminary acts of preparation"), the liquids that make food susceptible to tumah (ritual impurity).
* Zavim: (זבים "Flows"); deals with the laws of a person who has had abnormal genital discharge.
* Tevul Yom: (טבול יום "Immersed [on that] day") deals with a special kind of impurity where the person immerses in a mikveh but is still unclean for the rest of the day.
* Yadayim: (ידיים "Hands"); deals with a Rabbinic impurity related to the hands.
* Uktzim: (עוקצים "Stalks"); deals with the impurity of the stalks of fruit.

## Order of tractates

According to Maimonides, the traditional reasoning for the order of the tractates is as follows:
* Kelim is first as it introduces the levels of impurity, and dictates to which object the various impurities apply at all.
* Oholot follows because it outlines the most serious type of impurity.
* Negaim follows because it is next in severity and because, like a corpse, a metzorah transmits tent-impurity. Parah follows as it outlines the purification for the severe impurities already dealt with.
* The next stage is lesser impurities (Tohorot) and their method of purification which is immersion (Mikvaot).
* Niddah follows as it is also a lesser impurity but it has the extra feature of applying to only a portion of people (i.e. to women).
* Makshirin, Zavim and Tevul Tom follow Niddah based on Scriptural order.
* The next stage down is Yadaim, concerning impurities that are Rabbinic only.
* Uktzin is last as it is restricted and has no Scriptural source, the laws being derived from the reasoning of the Sages.
The Jewish Encyclopedia, on the other hand, observed that the tractates are arranged in order of decreasing length.
There is a Babylonian Gemara only on Niddah. This is because most of the other laws of purity do not apply when the Temple in Jerusalem is not in existence. The Jerusalem Talmud only covers four chapters of Niddah.
# Rebecca James (author)

Rebecca James (born 1970 in Sydney, Australia) is an Australian writer of Young Adult fiction.

## Biography

Rebecca spent her early twenties working as a waitress, her late twenties teaching English in Indonesia and Japan, and most of her thirties having babies and working as a kitchen designer.
She lives in Australia with her partner and their five children.

## Novels

* Beautiful Malice, published by Bantam Books in 2010.
* Sweet Damage, published by Allen & Unwin in 2013.
* Cooper Bartholomew is Dead, published by Allen & Unwin in 2014.
* The Woman in the Mirror, published by HarperCollins HQ in 2018.

## Pre-publication media interest

The Wall Street Journal wrote an article on 23 October 2009 asking whether James could be 'The Next JK Rowling.' It also said, of Beautiful Malice, that it 'isn't merely to be published, but has become a publishing phenomenon that is sparking an aggressive bidding war worldwide.'
In April 2010, The Bookseller ran an interview with James, in which the interviewer describes the novel as having 'strong international appeal.'
# Borova, Kyiv Oblast

Borova (Ukrainian: Борова) is a rural settlement in Fastiv Raion of Kyiv Oblast (province) of Ukraine, located on the Stugna River. It belongs to Fastiv urban hromada, one of the hromadas of Ukraine. The Molovylivka railway station is located in the centre of the settlement. The population is 7,169 (2022 estimate)
Until 26 January 2024, Borova was designated urban-type settlement. On this day, a new law entered into force which abolished this status, and Borova became a rural settlement.
# Łążyn

Łążyn may refer to the following places:
* Łążyn, Gmina Obrowo in Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship (north-central Poland)
* Łążyn, Gmina Zławieś Wielka in Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship (north-central Poland)
* Łążyn, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship (north Poland)
# Do Hezar Rural District

Do Hezar Rural District (Persian: دهستان دوهزار) is in Kuhestan District of Tonekabon County, Mazandaran province, Iran. Its capital is the village of Emamzadeh Qasem.

## Demographics
### Population

At the time of the 2006 National Census, the rural district's population (as a part of Khorramabad District) was 1,494 in 475 households. There were 2,789 inhabitants in 1,027 households at the following census of 2011. The 2016 census measured the population of the rural district as 2,326 in 883 households. The most populous of its 45 villages was Barseh, with 454 people.
In 2019, the rural district was separated from the district in the formation of Kuhestan District.
# Bradwardine

Bradwardine can refer to the following:
* Thomas Bradwardine, English archbishop.
* The Baron of Bradwardine, a character from the novel Waverley by Sir Walter Scott. His only child is his daughter, Rose Bradwardine.
* The former village of Bradwardine, Manitoba, Canada.
# Kompaniivka

Kompaniivka (Ukrainian: Компаніївка) is a rural settlement in Kropyvnytskyi Raion, Kirovohrad Oblast, central Ukraine. It hosts the administration of Kompaniivka settlement hromada, one of the hromadas of Ukraine. Population: 4,323 (2022 estimate).

## History

Kompaniivka was founded in the second half of 18th century on the left bank of the Suhokleya-Komyshuvata river, a tributary of the Inhul. The settlers were former Cossacks Kompaniiskyi regiments. They had been Hetman light cavalry, whose were guarding the southern and western borders and providing an intelligence service. Probably this happened after the reform of October 24, 1775.
Before the soldiers arrived, there were farmers growing wheat, rye, barley and oats and raising livestock. The lands and the peasants farming them were taken over by the nobility in 1782.
Military reform caused a significant settlement of former Kompaniian. After retirement they were assigned to a particular social status, such as Burghers, peasants or Cossacks.
In the 1850s Kompaniivka became the center of parish of the same name in Elisavetgrad County. In the 1890s the Kompaniivka Paper factory was built in the town; its production was the largest in the region and fourth in Ukraine.
In July 1933, the village became the center of the newly created district of Odesa Oblast. In 1965, Kompaniivka received the status of an urban-type settlement (town).
Until 18 July 2020, Kompaniivka was the administrative center of Kompaniivka Raion. The raion was abolished in July 2020 as part of the administrative reform of Ukraine, which reduced the number of raions of Kirovohrad Oblast to four. The area of Kompaniivka Raion was merged into Kropyvnytskyi Raion.
Until 26 January 2024, Kompaniivka was designated urban-type settlement. On this day, a new law entered into force which abolished this status, and Kompaniivka became a rural settlement.

## Infrastructure
### Economy

Most of Kompaniivka Raion's industrial activity took place in Kompaniivka. The settlement's manufacturing plants are:
* Kompaniivka feed mill
* Kompaniivka agrochemistry
* "Kirovohrad", a gas compressor station
* Zhyvanivka granite quarry
* Sausage shop
* Bakery

### Education

* Kompaniivka technical college veterinary medicine Bila Tserkva national agricultural university over the years, has trained about 4 thousand specialists veterinary medicine. For the third consecutive group of students of probation in England, three years technical college holds first place in the organization and conduct of educational practice among students of agricultural schools.
* School of Kompaniivka

### Medicine

The village houses the district's central hospital.

### Culture

Kompaniivka has a children's music school. It 5 departments and 119 pupils study there. The school's nine teachers teach the children to play piano, accordion, wind instruments and guitar, and there are also lessons in choreography and the visual arts. The school has several teams that compete nationally.
The town also has the Museum Raion House of Culture and the raion library with about 26 thousand books (Kirov str. 14-a).
# Gorenjci pri Adlešičih

Gorenjci pri Adlešičih (pronounced; German: Gorenze) is a settlement on the left bank of the Kolpa River south of Adlešiči in the Municipality of Črnomelj in the White Carniola area of southeastern Slovenia. The area is part of the traditional region of Lower Carniola and is now included in the Southeast Slovenia Statistical Region.

## Name

The name of the settlement was changed from Gorenjci to Gorenjci pri Adlešičih in 1953. In the past the German name was Gorenze.
# Hapoel Ironi Baqa al-Gharbiyye F.C.

Hapoel Ironi Baqa al-Gharbiyye (Hebrew: הפועל עירוני בקה אל גרבייה) is an Israeli football club based in Baqa al-Gharbiyye. The club currently plays in Liga Alef North division.

## History

The club was founded in 2010, eight years after the previous Hapoel Baqa al-Gharbiyye club had folded at the end of the 2001–02 season, after last played in Liga Bet North B division.
The club finished the 2010–11 season on top of Liga Gimel Samaria division and achieved promotion to Liga Bet. The club's best placing to date, was achieved in the 2013–14 season, when they finished runners-up in the North B division, missing out on promotion to Liga Alef by a single point, to Ironi Nesher. The club qualified for the Promotion play-offs, where they beat Maccabi Kafr Qara 2–1 in the first round. However, in the second round, they lost 2–4 to Maccabi Ahi Iksal and remained in Liga Bet. At the same season, the club have qualified to the round of 32 of the Israel State Cup, in which clubs from the Israeli Premier League have entered the competition. However, they were drawn against Maccabi Sektzia Ma'alot-Tarshiha which played in Liga Bet North A division, and lost the match by a result of 2–4.
In the 2014–15 season, the club won Liga Bet North B division and made historic promotion to the third tier, Liga Alef.

## Honours
### League

| Honour | No. | Years |
| Fourth tier | 1 | 2014–15 |
| Fifth tier | 2 | 1981–82, 2010–11 |
| Sixth tier | 1 | 1999–2000 |

### Cups

| Honour | No. | Years |
| Liga Bet North B Division Cup | 2 | 2013–14, 2014–15 |
# Doug Peterson (cross-country skier)

Doug Peterson (born May 11, 1953) is an American cross-country skier. He competed at the 1976 Winter Olympics and the 1980 Winter Olympics.
# Rozhniativ

Rozhniativ (Ukrainian: Рожня́тів; Polish: Rożniatów), formerly Rozhnitiv (Ukrainian: Рожні́тів), is a rural settlement in Kalush Raion, Ivano-Frankivsk Oblast, Ukraine. It hosts the administration of Rozhniativ settlement hromada, one of the hromadas of Ukraine. The population is 3,873 (2022 estimate).

## History

Until 18 July 2020, Rozhniativ was the administrative center of Rozhniativ Raion. The raion was abolished in July 2020 as part of the administrative reform of Ukraine, which reduced the number of raions of Ivano-Frankivsk Oblast to six. The area of Rozhniativ Raion was merged into Kalush Raion.
Until 26 January 2024, Rozhniativ was designated urban-type settlement. On this day, a new law entered into force which abolished this status, and Rozhniativ became a rural settlement.

## Location
### Local orientation

vtePlaces adjacent to Rozhniativ :
Svarychiv
Svarychiv
Svarychiv
Nyzhniy Strutyn
Rozhniativ
Rivnya
Verkhniy Strutyn Yasenovets
Tsineva
Sloboda Rivnyanska :

### Regional orientation

vtePlaces adjacent to Rozhniativ :
Dolyna Bolekhiv
Broshniv-Osada
Kalush Voinyliv
Slavske (Lviv Oblast)
Rozhniativ
Ivano-Frankivsk
Zakarpattia
Perehinske
Bohorodchany Nadvirna :