OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Garkuiyeh

Garkuiyeh (Persian: گركوييه, also Romanized as Garkū’īyeh; also known as Gar Gooh) is a village in Ganjabad Rural District, Esmaili District, Anbarabad County, Kerman Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 276, in 61 families.
# Križna Gora

Križna Gora (pronounced; German: Kreuzberg) is a small settlement northwest of Škofja Loka in the Municipality of Škofja Loka in the Upper Carniola region of Slovenia.

## Mass graves

Križna Gora is the site of a mass grave and an unmarked grave from the Second World War. The Gorge Peak Mass Grave (Slovene: Grobišče Vrh Soteske) lies in a sinkhole in the woods about 500 meters (1,600 ft) south of Holy Cross Church. It contains the remains of a family of four from Kranj that was murdered by the Partisans during the war. The Križna Gora Grave (Grobišče Križna Gora) lies on a steep slope west of the house at Križna Gora no. 22. It contains the remains of a local female civilian that was shot by Partisan political activists.

## Church

The local church on a hill above the settlement is dedicated to the Holy Cross and was built around 1500. It contains many well-preserved frescos from 1502 that depict the legends of Saint Ulrich, to whom the church was dedicated until 1867, and of Saint Corbinian. Some of the frescos in the nave, dating to around 1530, are believed to be by Jernej of Loka. The hill with the church is a popular destination for short outings by locals.
# Graph reduction

In computer science, graph reduction implements an efficient version of non-strict evaluation, an evaluation strategy where the arguments to a function are not immediately evaluated. This form of non-strict evaluation is also known as lazy evaluation and used in functional programming languages. The technique was first developed by Chris Wadsworth in 1971.

## Motivation

A simple example of evaluating an arithmetic expression follows:
    ${\begin{aligned}&&&((2+2)+(2+2))+(3+3)\\&&=&((2+2)+(2+2))+6\\&&=&((2+2)+4)+6\\&&=&(4+4)+6\\&&=&8+6\\&&=&14\end{aligned}}$
The above reduction sequence employs a strategy known as outermost tree reduction. The same expression can be evaluated using innermost tree reduction, yielding the reduction sequence:
    ${\begin{aligned}&&&((2+2)+(2+2))+(3+3)\\&&=&((2+2)+4)+(3+3)\\&&=&(4+4)+(3+3)\\&&=&(4+4)+6\\&&=&8+6\\&&=&14\end{aligned}}$
Notice that the reduction order is made explicit by the addition of parentheses. This expression could also have been simply evaluated right to left, because addition is an associative operation.
Represented as a tree, the expression above looks like this:
This is where the term tree reduction comes from. When represented as a tree, we can think of innermost reduction as working from the bottom up, while outermost works from the top down.
The expression can also be represented as a directed acyclic graph, allowing sub-expressions to be shared:
As for trees, outermost and innermost reduction also applies to graphs. Hence we have graph reduction.
Now evaluation with outermost graph reduction can proceed as follows:
Notice that evaluation now only requires four steps. Outermost graph reduction is referred to as lazy evaluation and innermost graph reduction is referred to as eager evaluation.

## Combinator graph reduction

Combinator graph reduction is a fundamental implementation technique for functional programming languages, in which a program is converted into a combinator representation which is mapped to a directed graph data structure in computer memory, and program execution then consists of rewriting parts of this graph ("reducing" it) so as to move towards useful results.

## History

The concept of a graph reduction that allows evaluated values to be shared was first developed by Chris Wadsworth in his 1971 Ph.D. dissertation. This dissertation was cited by Peter Henderson and James H. Morris Jr. in 1976 paper, “A lazy evaluator” that introduced the notion of lazy evaluation. In 1976 David Turner incorporated lazy evaluation into SASL using combinators. SASL was an early functional programming language first developed by Turner in 1972.
# Georges Tanguay

Georges Tanguay (2 June 1856 – 21 September 1913) was a Canadian politician.
Born in Quebec City, Canada East, the son of Georges Tanguay and Adeline Mathieu, Tanguay was elected without opposition to the Legislative Assembly of Quebec for the electoral district of Lac-Saint-Jean in 1900. A Liberal, he was re-elected in 1904 and did not run in 1908. He was briefly mayor of Quebec City from 12 January to 1 March 1906.
# Megastes

Megastes is a genus of moths of the family Crambidae.

## Species

* Megastes australis Munroe, 1963
* Megastes brunnealis Hampson, 1913
* Megastes brunnettalis (Dyar, 1912)
* Megastes erythrostolalis Hampson, 1918
* Megastes grandalis Guenée, 1854
* Megastes major Munroe, 1959
* Megastes meridionalis Hampson, 1913
* Megastes olivalis Schaus, 1924
* Megastes praxiteles Druce, 1895
* Megastes pusialis Snellen, 1875
* Megastes rhexialis (Walker, 1859)
* Megastes romula Dyar, 1916
* Megastes rosinalis (Guenée, 1854)
* Megastes septentrionis Hampson, 1913
* Megastes spilosoma (C. Felder, R. Felder & Rogenhofer, 1875)
* Megastes zarbinalis Schaus, 1934
# The Life and Death of King Richard II (1960 film)

The Life and Death of King Richard II was a 1960 Australian live TV production of the play by William Shakespeare directed by Raymond Menmuir. It aired on 5 October 1960 and was one of the most elaborate productions made for Australian TV at that time.
The ABC decided to suspend peak-hour programs to transmit the show live using all three of the ABC's Gore Hill TV studios. An obituary of Menmuir called this "a concept of such complexity and audacity that it was never repeated."

## Premise

The story of King Richard II of England.

## Cast

* Ric Hutton as Richard II
* Richard Parry as John of Gaunt
* Hugh Stewart as Duke of York
* James Condon as Bolingbroke
* George Roubiceck as Aumerie
* Rosemary Webster as Queen
* Nancye Stewart as Duchess Of Gloucester
* John Fassen as Duke of Norfolk
* Walter Sullivan as Earl of Northumberland
* Laurier Lange as Sailsbury
* Max Osbiston as Willoughby
* Peter Wagner as Bushy
* Max Meldrum as Green
* Geoffrey King as Bishop of Carlisle
* Malcolm Billings as Lord Ross
* Vaughan Tracy as Lord Marshal
* Norman Mann
* Owen Weingott
* Robin Ramsay
* Leonard Teale

## Production

It was produced in part to help students who were studying the play for their leaving certificate. (The play was often performed at the time, due to the fact it could get a guaranteed audience of students.)
Two studios were used for the telecast. Prue Bavin, the script assistant, later recalled "Both Studio 21 and Studio 22 were used for that production. We used to work in the Woolworths studio for our rehearsals."
Ric Hutton was injured while rehearsing a duel with Owen Weingott. This became infected and Hutton had to go to hospital on September 29. However he recovered to do the show.

## Reception

The TV critic for the Sydney Morning Herald wrote that the production was "a glittering technical success" which "did not neglect the essential issues and thematic unity of" the play, with Alan Seymour responsible for "skilful" cutting. Ric Hutton's acting was praised, "there was great visual and dramatic distinction in John of Gaunt's death scene" and "Desmonde Downing made a major contribution to the visual competence of the production with the skeletal Gothic arches, wintry trees, and thick-textured draperies of her sets and with costumes of emblazoned richness."

## Legacy

Ric Hutton later appeared before Senator Vincent in Canberra at a Select Committee. Vincent asked Hutton to compare Australian television productions with those from overseas. "Did you see the A.B.C. production Richard II?" he asked. Hutton replied, "I was Richard II." Then he added, "Perhaps he should have waited to hear what you were going to say." Senator Vincent said he personally liked the play "very much", and thought it was one of the best staged by the A.B.C.
# Shulchan Aruch HaRav

The Shulchan Aruch HaRav (Hebrew: שולחן ערוך הרב, lit. 'Shulchan Aruch of the Rabbi'; also romanized Shulkhan Arukh HaRav) is especially a record of prevailing halakha by Rabbi Shneur Zalman of Liadi (1745–1812), known during his lifetime as HaRav (Hebrew for "The Rabbi") and as the first Rebbe (Yiddish for "rabbi") of Chabad. Within the Chabad community the work is known as the Alter Rebbe's Shulchan Aruch.

## New edition of the Shulchan Aruch

Shneur Zalman was asked by his teacher, Rabbi Dovber of Mezeritch, to write an adjusted version of the Shulchan Aruch (1562 CE) of Rabbi Joseph Karo with reference to later commentaries, as well as subsequent responsa, for nascent Hassidism. The Shulchan Aruch (and its forerunner, the Beit Yosef) was written from the standpoint of Sephardi minhag. Shneur Zalman composed his updated and adapted Shulchan Aruch (c. 1800), so that Hassidic laymen would be able to study the corresponding Jewish law, and in an attempt to reference halakha (Jewish law) as it stood at his time and place. Aiming to avoid ambiguity or obscurity, the work references the common Hassidic halakha with its underlying reasoning. Chabad-hagiography has it that Shneur Zalman, whose works form the foundation of Chabad philosophy, finished the composition aged 20. Originally the work was intended to cover all of the topics addressed in the Shulchan Aruch of Rav Yosef Karo, however, most of the work was lost prior to publication with only Orach Chaim surviving intact, along with small fragments of Choshen Mishpat and Yoreh Deah.

## Influence

The Shulchan Aruch HaRav is today used by most Hasidim as their basis for daily practice. The work is broadly considered an authoritative halachic text, and is frequently cited by later authorities such as Rabbi Yisrael Meir Kagan in his Mishnah Berurah and the Ben Ish Chai of Rabbi Yosef Chaim of Baghdad, as well as in many contemporary responsa by leading halachic authorities of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. Shulchan Aruch HaRav is also one of the three works on which Shlomo Ganzfried based his Kitzur Shulchan Aruch, the well-known precis of customary Ashkenazi Halakha.
Although widely accepted, the work was originally limited in printings. Much of the original text was destroyed in a fire in Lubavitch, and only parts of copies of the draft survived. Kehot Publication Society (2002) has recently begun publication of a Bilingual Edition; in this work notations appear whenever Shneur Zalman's rulings are at variance with those in Yosef Karo's Shulchan Aruch.
# Yerlykovo

Yerlykovo (Russian: Ерлыково; Bashkir: Йәрлекәү, Yärlekäw) is a rural locality (a selo) in Miyakinsky Selsoviet, Miyakinsky District, Bashkortostan, Russia. The population was 499 as of 2010. There are 6 streets.

## Geography

Yerlykovo is located 3 km southeast of Kirgiz-Miyaki (the district's administrative centre) by road. Kirgiz-Miyaki is the nearest rural locality.
# Independent Operational Group Narew

Independent Operational Group Narew (Samodzielna Grupa Operacyjna Narew, SGO Narew) was one of the Polish Army Corps (Operational Groups) that defended Poland during the Invasion of Poland in 1939. It was created on 23 March 1939 and was commanded by general Czesław Młot-Fijałkowski.

## Tasks

SGO Narew was to defend the north-eastern frontline near the Lithuanian border, and prevent the German forces from crossing Narew and Biebrza rivers. It was to secure the left flank of Modlin Army.

## Operational history

The SGO Narew was defeated in the battle of Zambrów on 6 September, with the 18th Infantry Division being mostly destroyed. The remaining units retreated to Puszcza Białowieska large forest complex, and were later incorporated into Independent Operational Group Polesie.

## Organization

The commander of the unit was general Czesław Młot-Fijałkowski. His chief of staff was colonel Stanisław Podkowiński.
It consisted of 2 infantry divisions and 2 cavalry brigades:
* 18th Infantry Division (Polish: 18 Dywizja Piechoty).
* 33rd Infantry Division (Polish: 33 Dywizja Piechoty - reserve.).
* Podlaska Cavalry Brigade (Polish: Podlaska Brygada Kawalerii).
* Suwalska Cavalry Brigade (Polish: Suwalska Brygada Kawalerii).
Air Units attached to SGO Narew:
* Polish 151st Fighter Escadrille (Polish: 151 Eskadra Myśliwska)
* Reconnaissance Squadron 51 (Polish: 51 Eskadra Rozpoznawcza)
* Polish 13th Observation Escadrille (Polish: 13 Eskadra Obserwacyjna)
* Liaison Platoon No. 9 (Polish: Pluton łącznikowy nr 9)
# Expedition 17

Expedition 17 was the 17th expedition to the International Space Station (ISS). The first two crew members, Sergey Volkov and Oleg Kononenko, were launched on 8 April 2008, aboard the Soyuz TMA-12. Once aboard the station, they joined Garrett Reisman, who transferred from Expedition 16 to join the Expedition 17 crew.
Reisman was replaced by Gregory Chamitoff, who launched aboard the Space Shuttle Discovery mission STS-124 on 31 May 2008. Volkov and Kononenko landed safely on 24 October 2008, while Chamitoff remained aboard the station as an Expedition 18 crewmember.

## Crew

| Position | First Part (April 2008 to June 2008) | Second Part (June 2008 to October 2008) |
| Commander | Sergey Volkov, RSA First spaceflight Soyuz TMA-12 commander | Sergey Volkov, RSA First spaceflight Soyuz TMA-12 commander |
| Flight Engineer 1 | Oleg Kononenko, RSA First spaceflight | Oleg Kononenko, RSA First spaceflight |
| Flight Engineer 2 | Garrett Reisman, NASA First spaceflight | Gregory Chamitoff, NASA First spaceflight |
* Sergei Volkov, 35, was the youngest person to command the ISS.
* Garrett Reisman was the first Jewish resident of the ISS.
* Gregory Chamitoff was the first crewmember to take bagels with him to the station; three bags of 18 sesame seed bagels.
* Reisman launched to the station on STS-123 in March, which was during the Expedition 16 spaceflight. He landed on STS-124.
* Chamitoff launched to the station on STS-124 in June, and stayed through Expedition 18, leaving the station on STS-126 in November.

### Backup crew

* Maksim Surayev – Commander – RSA (for Volkov)
* Oleg Skripochka – Flight Engineer – RSA (for Kononenko)
* Timothy Kopra – Flight Engineer – NASA (for Chamitoff)
# Hermann End

Hermann End (2 May 1942 – 9 May 2017) was a German field hockey player. He competed in the men's tournament at the 1968 Summer Olympics.
# Kantyukovka

Kantyukovka (Russian: Кантюковка; Bashkir: Ҡантүк, Qantük) is a rural locality (a selo) in Naumovsky Selsoviet, Sterlitamaksky District, Bashkortostan, Russia. The population was 312 as of 2010. There are 6 streets.

## Geography

Kantyukovka is located 26 km south of Sterlitamak (the district's administrative centre) by road. Vasilyevka is the nearest rural locality.
# Kallirachi, Thasos

Kallirachi (Greek: Καλλιράχη) is a village on the island of Thasos in northern Greece. As of 2021 the village has a population of 971. The village is located at an average height of 145 m.a.s.l., on the western slope of Mount Metamorphosis.

## History

In tradition, on a hill above the village is located the grave of Sabellius (fl. ca. 215), a priest and theologian banished to the island of Thasos as a heretic. To the west of the village (2.5 km) is the location of a village under the same name (Skala Kallirachi), where the original sixteenth-century village was located, before being abandoned and its residents seeking refuge inland, due to pirate raids. In the Ottoman tahrir defter (number 75) of 1519, the settlement was recorded as a town with the name Kakirahkalesi.

## Economy

The main economic activity of the residents is based on tourism and olive grove plantations in the surrounding area of the village.
# Le Roux, Ardèche

Le Roux (French pronunciation:; Occitan: Lo Ros) is a commune in the Ardèche department in southern France.
# Avdeyeva, Kursk Oblast

Avdeyeva (Russian: Авдеева) is a rural locality (Russian: деревня, lit. 'village') in Dolzhenkovsky Selsoviet Rural Settlement, Oktyabrsky District, Kursk Oblast, Russia. Population: 122 (2010 Census); 145 (2002 Census);

## Geography

The village is located on the Rogozna River (a right tributary of the Seym River), 69 km from the Russia–Ukraine border, 23 km south-west of Kursk, 8 km north-west of the district center – the urban-type settlement Pryamitsyno, 2.5 km from the selsoviet center – Bolshoye Dolzhenkovo.

### Climate

Avdeyeva has a warm-summer humid continental climate (Dfb in the Köppen climate classification).

## Transport

Avdeyeva is located 18 km from the federal route M-2 Crimea Highway (a part of the European route E105), 3.5 km from the road of regional importance 38K-017 (Kursk – Lgov – Rylsk – border with Ukraine), 4 km from the road of intermunicipal significance 38H-073 (Dyakonovo – Starkovo – Sokolovka), on the road 38H-074 (38N-073 – Bolshoye Dolzhenkovo via Avdeyeva), 6 km from the nearest railway halt 433 km (railway line Lgov I — Kursk).
The rural locality is situated 34 km from Kursk Vostochny Airport, 127 km from Belgorod International Airport and 237 km from Voronezh Peter the Great Airport.
# Ruffles and flourishes

Ruffles and flourishes are preceding fanfare for honors music, ceremonial music for distinguished people.

## By country
### Israel

In the Israeli Defense Forces, ruffles and flourishes are sounded as a guard of honor presents arms to signify the honors music that will follow. Depending on the status of the person receiving the honors, they will receive between one and three ruffles and flourishes in the honor of the recipient.
* President of Israel, foreign dignitaries: 3 ruffles and flourishes
* Prime minister of Israel, members of the Knesset: 2 ruffles and flourishes
* Cabinet members: 1 ruffle and flourish

### Italy

Italy uses ruffles and flourishes, particularly at ceremonies where the raising of the Italian national flag takes place. The music that is sounded is known as "Onori" ("Honors") and is played usually before the performance of an abridged version of "Il Canto degli Italiani".

### South Korea

South Korea uses ruffles and flourishes, with a total of four played before the South Korean national anthem, or the "Phoenix Hymn", which is the official honors music for the president of South Korea.

### Philippines

The official ruffles and flourishes for the president of the Philippines is played four times before the playing of "Lupang Hinirang" or "Parangal sa Pangulo" (English: "Honorable Salute to the President"). During military events, the ruffles and flourishes are sounded alongside a 21-gun artillery salute.

### United States

U.S. ruffles are played on drums, and flourishes are played on bugles. The president of the United States receives four ruffles and flourishes before "Hail to the Chief" and the vice president of the United States receives four ruffles and flourishes before "Hail, Columbia". In the U.S., four ruffles and flourishes is the maximum number played. Four ruffles and flourishes are played before national anthems, whether of the U.S. or foreign countries. General officers and admirals receive ruffles and floruishes equal to the number of stars they have, and then "General's March" or "Admiral's March" is played.
Although roughly equivalent, the United States Navy has a different "Table of Honors" – some civilian officials more, others less; often different musical tunes – and includes in its arsenal of formal Honors one more, which is specific to naval traditions: sideboys, an even number of seamen (in this list eight for guests with quadruple or triple ruffles and flourishes, six for lower ranking dignitaries) posted at the gangway when the dignitary boards or leaves the ship, historically to help (or even hoist) him aboard, currently as a ceremonial sort of guard of honor.

### Vatican City

Vatican City also uses ruffles and flourishes during the newly-elected pope's first public appearance and follows the abridged version of Inno e Marcia Pontificale and 2-line version of the Italian national anthem and the Inno e Marcia Pontificale is repeated with preceding ruffles and flourishes. The newly-elected pope delivers after a thanksgiving address.
# Hryshkivtsi

Hryshkivtsi (Ukrainian: Гришківці) is a rural settlement in Berdychiv Raion, Zhytomyr Oblast, Ukraine. Its population is 4,099 (2022 estimate) According to the 2001 census, population was 4,627.

## History

Until 26 January 2024, Hryshkivtsi was designated urban-type settlement. On this day, a new law entered into force which abolished this status, and Hryshkivtsi became a rural settlement.
# The Three Codonas

The Three Codonas (German: Die drei Codonas) is a 1940 German drama film directed by Arthur Maria Rabenalt and starring René Deltgen, Ernst von Klipstein and Josef Sieber. It is based on the life of the circus performer Alfredo Codona. It was made by Tobis Film, one of the largest German production companies. The film's sets were designed by the art director Emil Hasler. It premiered in Hamburg, twelve days before its first Berlin screening at the UFA-Palast am Zoo.

## Cast

* René Deltgen as Alfredo Codona
* Ernst von Klipstein as Lalo Codona
** Udo Fanselau as Lalo Codona as a child
* Josef Sieber as Edward Codona
* Annelies Reinhold as Lillian Leitzel
* Lena Norman as Vera Bruce
* Friedl Haerlin as Kunstreiterin
* Harald Paulsen as Flatcher
* Karl Kahlmann as Jack Ringling
* Leopold von Ledebur as Joe Ringling
* Ethel Reschke as Hopp-Bubi
* Walter Lieck as Langnase
* Anton Pointner as Mustacho
* Peter Elsholtz as Rastelli
* Paul Verhoeven as Jewelry-Max
* Otto Stoeckel as Sheriff
* Horst Birr as lonely young man
* Armin Münch as graphic designer
* Fritz Böttger as Blondell
* Paul Samson-Körner as Boxer
* Armin Schweizer as Direktor im 'Valencia'
* Margarete Kupfer as Lieschke's mother
* Wilhelm König as Frankie
* Friedrich Ettel as Director Schuch
* Valy Arnheim as Auktionator
* Klaus Pohl as Gnome-like male
* Paul Funk as Equerry
* Bernhard Goetzke as Clown
* Ernst Stimmel as Tierarzt
* Karl Hannemann as Farmer Snokes
* Werner Pledath as department store director
* Franz Arzdorf as department store manager
* Leo Sloma as Barwirt
* Irmgard Paetzold as Miss 1914
* Chiqui Jonas as Girl #1
* Hansjakob Gröblinghoff as Bellman
* Albert Venohr as doorman in conservatory
* Paul Hildebrandt as chief physician in Copenhagen
* Karl-Heinz Peters as assembly man
* Hanns Waschatko as doctor at Ringling
* Liesl Eckardt as Scheuerfrau
* Maria Köhler as Girl at Ringling #1
* Irene Fischer as Girl at Ringling #4
* Arthur von Doissy as Alfredos Arzt
* Adolf Fischer as employee at the buffer kitchen
* Hans Bergmann as Bandmaster at Ringling
* Rose Weidemann
* Pia Körner as up keeper in the conservatory
* Christine Grossmann as cigarette seller
* Angelo Ferrari as Italian reporter
* Charlotte Heimburg
* Friedegard Moldenhauer-Arzdorf as Girl at Ringling #3
* Kurt Liebfried
* Jutta Feuge
* Fritz Draeger
* Walter Flamm as Gratulant at Mutter Lieschke
* Charles Francois as waiter
* Bruno Tillessen
* Lucie Becker as a Girl at Ringling #2
# Friedrich Josten

Friedrich Josten (14 April 1945 – 21 July 1983) was a German field hockey player. He competed in the men's tournament at the 1968 Summer Olympics.
# Toto Seeks Peace

Toto Seeks Peace (Italian: Totò cerca pace) is a 1954 Italian comedy film directed by Mario Mattoli and starring Totò.

## Plot

Two widowers decide to get married but their decision is continually hampered by their grandchildren, who are just interested in their inheritance.

## Cast

* Totò as Gennaro Piselli
* Ave Ninchi as Gemma Torresi Piselli
* Enzo Turco as Pasquale
* Paolo Ferrari as the clerk
* Isa Barzizza as Nella Caporali
* Giovanni Nannini as Celestino
* Nino Vingelli as the waiter
* Vincenzo Talarico as the lawyer
* Gina Amendola as Adele
* Ughetto Bertucci as a witness
* Mario Castellani as a witness
# Al-Dhuluiya SC

Al-Dhuluiya Sport Club (Arabic: نادي الضلوعية الرياضي) is an Iraqi football team based in Dhuluiya, Saladin, that plays in Iraqi Second Division League.

## Stadium

In March 2017, the Ministry of Youth and Sports decided to reconstruct Al-Dhuluiya Stadium, as it was badly damaged by ISIS terrorist acts.

## Managerial history

* Emad Nayef
* Haitham Rashad