OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Crimean Nature Reserve

Crimean Nature Reserve (Ukrainian: Кримський природний заповідник) is a protected nature reserve that covers a portion of the Crimean Mountains, on the south coast of the Crimean Peninsula. The reserve protects mountain-forest and meadow steppe plants and animals, with a high level of biodiversity. It is located just north of the town of Massandra.

## Topography

The reserve lies on the main ridge of the Crimean Mountains along the southern edge of the Crimean Peninsula. The highest mountain in Crimea is in the reserve - Roman-Kosh at 1,545 metres (5,069 ft). The northern slopes of the mountains are long and gentle, the southern slopes drop steeply towards the sea. The higher ridges are frequently flat, grassy plateaus. The geology of the mountains is mixture of shales, sandstones, limestones and conglomerates, from different times in the Jurassic. The variety of rocks have eroded to form a diversity of soils at the lower elevations, supporting mountain-steppe and meadow-steppe. The headwaters of the Alma River are in the reserve.

## Climate and ecoregion

The climate of the Crimean Reserve is Humid continental climate - Hot summer sub-type (Köppen climate classification Dfa), with large seasonal temperature differentials and a hot summer (at least one month averaging over 22 °C (72 °F)), and mild winters. In the reserve, the average temperature in February is 2 °C (36 °F), and 22 °C (72 °F) in July. Precipitation ranges from 470 mm/year at the lower elevations to 1,000 mm/year on the peaks.
The reserve is in the western extreme of the Crimean Submediterranean forest complex ecoregion, a small band of territory that stretches from the southern Crimean peninsula to the northern Caucasus Mountains.

## Flora and fauna

The reserve supports mountain-steppe and forest-steppe floral communities. Over 29,000 hectares are forested, with over half being oak. The oak forests are found at elevations of 600-900 meters above sea level. Beech forests cover 7,500 hectares, with some groves as much as 300 years old. Other common trees are pine, linden, hornbeam, and ash. Scientists in the reserve have recorded 1,357 species of vascular plants in 535 genera, an indication of high biodiversity. Common mammals are red deer, wild boar, European mouflon, and roe deer.

### Important Bird Area

The reserve has been designated an Important Bird Area (IBA) by BirdLife International because it supports populations of corncrakes, tawny owls, griffon vultures, cinereous vultures and eastern imperial eagles.

## Public use

As a strict nature reserve, the Crimean Reserve's primary purpose is protection of nature and scientific study. Public access is limited: mass recreation and construction of facilities is prohibited as are hunting and fishing. This is, however, an ecological excursion route ("Crimea Reserve") on which reserve staff provided guided tours on buses and automobiles; this route follows the Romanov Trail. These guided tours are limited by law to protect the natural settings of the reserve. Just outside of the reserve in the town of Alushta, the reserve sponsors a Museum of Nature, and a Dendrozoological Park.
# Ministry of Information Technologies and Communications (Colombia)

Ministry for the Information and Communications Technologies (Spanish: Ministerio de Tecnologías de la Información y las Comunicaciones, abbreviated MinTIC), is the national executive ministry of the Government of Colombia responsible for overseeing the information and communication technologies, telecommunications and broadcasting industries in Colombia.

## History

Former Ministry of Telecommunications, adopted its new name by decree 1341 of 2009.
The current Minister is Mauricio Lizcano, appointed by Colombia's president Gustavo Petro.

## List of ministers of ITC

| Name | Assumed office | Left office | President(s) served under |
| Martha Pinto de Hart | 7 August 2002 | 19 July 2006 | Álvaro Uribe |
| María del Rosario Guerra | 19 July 2006 | 31 January 2010 | Álvaro Uribe |
| Daniel Medina (acting) | 31 January 2010 | 7 August 2010 | Álvaro Uribe |
| Diego Molano | 7 August 2010 | 11 May 2015 | Juan Manuel Santos |
| David Luna | 15 May 2015 | 25 April 2018 | Juan Manuel Santos |
| Juan Sebastián Rozo (acting) | 26 April 2015 | 7 August 2018 | Juan Manuel Santos |
| Sylvia Constaín | 7 August 2018 | 4 May 2020 | Iván Duque |
| Karen Abudinen | 4 May 2020 | 9 September 2021 | Iván Duque |
| Iván Mauricio Durán (acting) | 10 September 2021 | 13 October 2021 | Iván Duque |
| Carmen Ligia Valderrama | 13 October 2021 | 7 August 2022 | Iván Duque |
| Sandra Urrutia | 5 September 2022 | 26 April 2023 | Gustavo Petro |
| Mauricio Lizcano | 26 April 2023 | present | Gustavo Petro |
# Niccolò Semitecolo

Niccolò Semitecolo was a 14th-century Venetian painter (born in Venice) painter of the early-Renaissance period, active mainly in Venice and Padua. His work demonstrates the influence of Giotto. He is first recorded in 1353.
Apart from a number of Madonnas and other religious works, his main work is a rather puzzling and now dispersed set of panels for a polyptych work on the Martyrdom of Saint Sebastian for Padua Cathedral, several panels of which are now in the Diocesan Museum there, with another still in the cathedral. It is signed and dated 1367.
A large hanging crucifix in the Church of the Eremitani in Padua is attributed to him. This is next door to the Scrovegni Chapel where Giotto completed his most famous fresco cycle in about 1305.
# Vitaly Orlov (rugby union)

Vitaly Orlov (born 5 October 1987) is a Ukrainian rugby union player. He plays as number eight and as a flanker.
Orlov played for Aviator Kyiv, in Ukraine, moving afterwards to the professional Russian team of Yenisey-STM Krasnoyarsk, in 2009/10, where he currently plays.
He has also been selected for Ukraine. He participated in the 2011 Rugby World Cup qualifyings, where Ukraine was eliminated after two losses to Romania. He was a member of the winning team of the 2008–2010 European Nations Cup Second Division, which earned Ukraine promotion for the First Division.
# Durban Academy High School

Durban Academy High School is a bilingual (Afrikaans and English) high school located in Fynnlands, Bluff, Durban.

## History

At the beginning of 1956 the first Afrikaans school on the Bluff, KwaZulu-Natal opened its doors to the pupils of Bluff and surrounding areas. The school was initially named Island View School, in 1957 the school was renamed Hoërskool Dirkie Uys. The school started as a primary school (pupils from Grade 1 to Standard 6, now known as Grade 8), in 1959 it became a high school. Mr P.R.T. Nel was the founding principal. In 1962 the first group of pupils matriculated from Hoërskool Dirkie Uys.

## Dual medium

Subsequent to South Africa becoming a democracy in 1994, many Afrikaans schools became parallel medium schools (two different language taught at the same school); in 1997 Hoërskool Dirkie Uys became a parallel medium school and the first English speaking pupils were admitted. The school's name changed from Hoërskool Dirkie Uys to Durban Academy High School on 1 April 1997.

## Hoërskool Dirkie Uys School Song

"NABY SONGEDRENKTE STRANDE HET Ń TROTSE SKOOL VERRYS, MET Ń NAAM WAT STEEDS SAL VOORTLEEF, WAT AAN ONS DIE PAD SAL WYS.
TEER BEHOED ONS ALMA MATER ELKE KIND HAAR TOEVERTROU: TRAG OM SPIER, VERSTAND, KARAKTER DEUR HAAR WYSHEID OP TE BOU.
DAAROM WY ONS AL ONS KRAGTE, DAT HAAR NAAM BEROEMD KAN WEES, SOOS DIE JONGE HELD VAN EERTYD TROU AAN VOLK EN SONDER VREES.
EN NOU BEUR ONS KRAGTIG VORENTOE VIR LAND, VIR VOLK EN TAAL. DIRKIE UYS, ONS INSPIRASIE, OM DIE HOOGSTE TE BEHAAL."

## Present Day

Durban Academy has won numerous awards including the Best High School on the South Durban community and surrounding areas in 2012 and 2014, by the Southlands Sun community news paper. As recently as 2016, Durban Academy High School had 589 students and 35 educators.
# Eloi Metullus

Eloi Metullus (born 1892, date of death unknown) was an Olympic sport shooter who was part of the team that won Haiti's first ever Olympic medal—a bronze in team free rifle at the 1924 Summer Olympics.
# Trần Văn Lý

Trần Văn Lý (born 20 February 1927) was a Vietnamese long-distance runner. He competed in the men's 10,000 metres at the 1952 Summer Olympics.
# Lưu Văn Hùng

Lưu Văn Hùng (born 3 October 1966) is a Vietnamese long-distance runner. He competed in the men's marathon at the 1992 Summer Olympics.
# Souldia

Souldia is the stage name of Kevin St-Laurent, a Canadian rapper from Limoilou, Quebec. He is most noted for his albums Dixque d'art, which won the Félix Award for Rap Album of the Year at the 44th Félix Awards in 2022, and Non conventionnel, which was a Juno Award nominee for Francophone Album of the Year at the Juno Awards of 2024.

## Discography

* 2009 - Art kontrol
* 2012 - Les origines du mal
* 2014 - Krime grave
* 2016 - Sacrifice
* 2017 - Ad Vitam Æternam
* 2018 - L'album noir
* 2018 - Survivant
* 2020 - Silence radio
* 2020 - Backstage
* 2021 - Dixque d'art
* 2023 - Non conventionnel
* 2024 - Nouvelle Vie
# Château du Hallier

The Château du Hallier is a castle in the commune of Nibelle in the Loiret département of France.

## History

The date of construction is not known precisely. It is recorded in the 15th century in deeds of sale. The castle was sold to Charles de l'Hospital in 1537.
In the 18th century, the castle was used as a quarry; the square second floor disappeared.
In the 19th century, the castle became a farm. One of the towers housed a potter's kiln until the early 20th century.
The castle is privately owned. It has been listed since 1967 as a monument historique by the French Ministry of Culture.
# Léon De Coster

Léon De Coster (born 26 April 1893, date of death unknown) was a Belgian sports shooter. He competed in the 30m team military pistol event at the 1920 Summer Olympics.
# John L. Simon

John L. Simon, better known as Jack Simon, is an American national swimming coach and former president of the American Swimming Coaches Association (ASCA). Now semi-retired, Simon is coaching swimming in Malaysia.

## Swimmers coached by Simon

* Joe Hudepohl, U.S. Olympian
* Paul Hartloff, U.S. Olympian
* David Berkoff, U.S. 1988, 1992 Olympic gold medalist and 100-meter backstroke World Record Holder
* Bruce Stahl, World Record Holder
* Anne Tweedy, American Record Holder, National Champion
* Patty Gavin, American Record Holder, National Champion
* Libby Kinkead, U.S. Olympian, National Champion
* Lauren Costella, National Champion
* Blaise Mathews, Junior National Champion
* Chris Craft, Junior National Champion
* Justin Barber, Junior National Champion
US Teams Coached by Simon
* Santa Barbara Swim Club
* Cincinnati Marlins
* Foxcatcher
* Carson Tiger Sharks
Simon led two teams (West Chester and Cincinnati Marlins) to top-three finishes at U.S nationals while accumulating numerous other national championships at West Chester and Foxcatcher and age group levels.
# Maruša Černjul

Maruša Černjul (born 30 June 1992) is a Slovenian athlete specialising in the high jump. She represented her country at the 2016 Summer Olympics in Rio de Janeiro without qualifying for the final.
Her personal bests in the event are 1.93 metres outdoors (Celje 2016) and 1.90 metres indoors (Lincoln 2016).

## International competitions

| Year | Competition | Venue | Position | Notes |
| Representing Slovenia |||||
| 2009 | World Youth Championships | Brixen, Italy | 22nd (q) | 1.70 m |
| 2009 | European Youth Olympic Festival | Tampere, Finland | 10th | 1.70 m |
| 2010 | World Junior Championships | Moncton, Canada | 14th (q) | 1.78 m |
| 2011 | European Junior Championships | Tallinn, Estonia | 13th (q) | 1.80 m |
| 2016 | European Championships | Amsterdam, Netherlands | 9th | 1.89 m |
| 2016 | Olympic Games | Rio de Janeiro, Brazil | 21st (q) | 1.92 m |
| 2017 | European Indoor Championships | Belgrade, Serbia | 9th (q) | 1.86 m |
| 2017 | World Championships | London, United Kingdom | 13th (q) | 1.89 m |
| 2019 | European Indoor Championships | Glasgow, United Kingdom | 10th | 1.91 m |
| 2019 | World Championships | Doha, Qatar | 16th (q) | 1.90 m |
# Boštjan Horvat

Boštjan Horvat (born 12 February 1975) is a Slovenian sprinter. He competed in the men's 4 × 400 metres relay at the 2000 Summer Olympics.
# Percy Knowles

Percival Andrew Knowles (born 8 November 1930) is a Bahamian former sailor who competed in the 1960 Summer Olympics, in the 1964 Summer Olympics, in the 1968 Summer Olympics, and in the 1972 Summer Olympics. As of 2010, Knowles was still active in competitive sport, taking part in Masters swimming tournaments for the 80–85 age group.
# Ravina I

Ravina I (Hebrew: רבינא; died c. AD 420) was a Babylonian Jewish Talmudist and rabbi, of the 5th and 6th generation of amoraim.

## Biography

His father seems to have died before he was born or at an early age, and it was necessary for his mother informed him of some of his father's halachic practices. He was a pupil of Rava bar Joseph bar Hama, and his extreme youthfulness at that time is shown by the fact that his teacher designated him and Hama bar Bisa as "dardeki" (children). He frequently addressed questions to Rava, whose sayings he cites.
At an early age Ravina was recognized as a teacher, leaving the academy at Mahoza while Rava was still living. Wherever he lived he was recognized as a teacher and judge, and was called upon to render independent decisions. Ravina was on friendly terms with Rav Nachman bar Yitzchak, and was a colleague of Rav Aha b. Rava, with whom he had many disputations on legal questions, Ravina being inclined to lenience and Aha to stringency. Ravina's decisions always prevailed, with the exception of three cases in which, contrary to his custom, he advocated stringency. When Rav Ashi became director of the Academy of Sura (or Mata Mehasya), Ravina became a student there, although he was at least as old as Ashi—perhaps even a few years older; however, he was the associate of Ashi ("talmid haver") rather than his student. Ravina died seven years before Ashi.

## Compilation of the Talmud

Ravina began the process of compiling the Babylonian Talmud with Rav Ashi. However, opinions differ on whether the Ravina responsible was this Ravina, or his nephew Ravina II. Besides Ashi, Ravina had the greatest share in the redaction of the Talmud undertaken by Ashi and his colleagues.
# John Cvitanovich

John Alexander Cvitanovich (July 16, 1930 – January 8, 2002) was a Canadian professional football player who played for the BC Lions. He was a chartered accountant after retiring from professional football.
# Ahmed Al-Doseri

Ahmed Al-Doseri (born 1966) is a Bahraini modern pentathlete and fencer. He competed in the pentathlon and épée events at the 1988 Summer Olympics.
# Synesis

In linguistics, synesis (from Greek σύνεσις 'unification, meeting, sense, conscience, insight, realization, mind, reason') is a traditional grammatical/rhetorical term referring to agreement (the change of a word form based on words relating to it) due to meaning.
A constructio kata synesin (Latin: constructio ad sensum) is a grammatical construction in which a word takes the gender or number not of the word with which it should regularly agree, but of some other word implied in that word. It is effectively an agreement of words with the sense, instead of the morphosyntactic form, a type of form-meaning mismatch.
Examples:
    One hundred dollars is the cost of rent.
    If the band are popular, they will play next month.
Here, the plural pronoun they and the plural verb form are co-refer with the singular noun band. One can think of the antecedent of they as an implied plural noun such as musicians.
Such use in English grammar is often called notional agreement (or notional concord), because the agreement is with the notion of what the noun means, rather than the strict grammatical form of the noun (the normative formal agreement). The term situational agreement is also found, since the same word may take a singular or plural verb depending on the interpretation and intended emphasis of the speaker or writer:
    The government is united. (Implication: it is a single cohesive body, with a single agreed policy).
    The government are divided. (Implication: it is made up of different individuals or factions, with their own different policy views).
Other examples of notional agreement for collective nouns involve some uses of the words team and none.
Although notional agreement is more commonly used in British English than in American English, some amount is natural in any variety of English. American style guides give advice, for example, on notional agreement for phrases such as a number of, a lot of, and a total of. The AMA Manual of Style says, "The number is singular and a number of is plural" (thus the number of mosquitoes is increasing but a number of brands of mosquito repellent are available) and "The same is true for the total and a total of" (thus the total was growing but a total of 28 volunteers have submitted applications [not *has submitted]). This is the same concept that is covered by Chicago style (16th ed) at "5.9 Mass noun followed by a prepositional phrase", but not all of the relevant nouns (including "number") are mass nouns.
# Linda Béjar

Linda Béjar (born 9 June 1937) is a Mexican fencer. She competed in the women's team foil event at the 1968 Summer Olympics.
# Château de Sagonne

The Château de Sagonne is a castle in the commune of Sagonne in the Cher département of France.

## History

The castle was the fortress of the Sancerre family, who had held the seigneurie from the 10th century. It was built during the 14th century to control the road between Bourges and Sancoins. The estate was bought by the Babou family in 1546; during the rest of the 16th century they made significant alterations. The castle was acquired by the noted Baroque architect, Jules Hardouin Mansart, in 1699 and he made important alterations in the early 18th century. The castle was broken up during the French Revolution and its contents and materials sold.
The enceinte originally comprised eight towers and two gateways. Wanting a more panoramic view, Mansart demolished the curtain walls on the east and created gardens. The west and north sides of the enceinte still exist. Also still visible are the pillars supporting the base of the bartizans (watch towers), parts of the portcullis in its housing and door panels from the 16th century. Under the Gothic arch vault can be seen the start of the staircase leading to the upper floors. Four towers remain. The facade looking onto the courtyard dates from the 15th century and has moulded windows as well as the openings made in the 18th century at the end of the building. Most of the doors still have their original decorative moulding. All of the buildings were covered with plafonds à la française (French-style ceilings: joists the same width as the spaces between them; see Plafond à la française in French Wikipedia).
It has been listed since 1914 as a monument historique by the French Ministry of Culture. The castle is privately owned and is open to the public from June to September. Visitors may see frescoes from the 17th century, furnished rooms, weapons and portraits, and the Mansart Museum.
# Jan Fedder

Jan Fedder (German: ; 14 January 1955 – 30 December 2019) was a German actor, born in Hamburg. He was best known for his role as police officer Dirk Matthies in the German television show Großstadtrevier. He was also known for his role as the crude Petty Officer Pilgrim in Wolfgang Petersen's film, Das Boot. Fedder was especially known for playing typical Northern German characters.
Fedder was diagnosed with oral cancer in 2012. He died on 30 December 2019 in Hamburg of the disease, aged 64. He had been in a wheelchair for the past few months of his life.

## Filmography

| Year | Title | Role | Notes |
| 1969 | Reisedienst Schwalbe | Boy in cave | TV miniseries, 1 episode |
| 1981 | Das Boot | Pilgrim | |
| 1982 | Smiley's People | Young Man at Water Camp | TV miniseries, 1 episode |
| 1983 | Die leichten Zeiten sind vorbei | Pit | |
| 1984 | No Time for Tears: The Bachmeier Case [de] | Jan | |
| 1984 | Der Sohn des Bullen | Kottbus | |
| 1985 | Deadly Twins | Harry DeRomeo | |
| 1987 | Jacob hinter der blauen Tür | Ulli | |
| 1988 | Non-Stop Trouble with the Experts [de] | Kerschke | |
| 1989 | Umwege nach Venedig | | |
| 1990 | Werner – Beinhart! | Herbert / Bauarbeiter | Voice |
| 1990 | Land in Sicht | Landlord | |
| 1991 | Superstau [de] | Hinnerk | |
| 1992–2020 | Großstadtrevier | Dirk Matthies | TV series, 377 episodes, last role |
| 1993 | Verlassen Sie bitte Ihren Mann! | Rodkin | |
| 1997–2019 | Neues aus Büttenwarder | Kurt Brakelmann | TV series, 79 episodes |
| 1999 | Der Hochstapler | Klaus Hartmann | TV film |
| 1999 | Werner – Volles Rooäää!!! | Herbert | Voice |
| 1999 | Die Strandclique | Alfred Waalkes | 2 episodes - S2-03 & S2-04 Geld stinkt nicht - Sachsen können alles |
| 2006 | Der Mann im Strom [de] | Jan Hinrichs | TV film |
| 2008 | The Lightship [de] | Kapitän Johann Freytag | TV film |
| 2008 | U-900 | Kaleu Rönberg | |
| 2009 | Soul Kitchen | Meyer | |
| 2012 | Der Hafenpastor | Pastor Stefan Book | |
| 2013 | Ohne Gnade! | Tattoo-Adler | |
| 2015 | Der Hafenpastor und das graue Kind | Pastor Stefan Book | |
| 2016 | Der Hafenpastor und das Blaue vom Himmel | Pastor Stefan Book | |
# Cosme Damião

Cosme Damião (2 November 1885 – 12 June 1947) was a Portuguese football player-coach for S.L. Benfica.
A former midfielder, he is remembered as the main force behind the birth of Benfica and one of the first great Portuguese football players. Benfica's yearly awards, presented to its athletes for outstanding performance, are named after him: Galardão (Award) Cosme Damião. The Benfica museum is also named in his honour.

## Career

Damião was educated at the Real Casa Pia de Lisboa, in Lisbon, Portugal. Starting at a young age, he developed an enthusiasm for football. In 1903, he had the idea of starting a football team. On 28 February 1904, he and his friends founded Sport Lisboa. Later, in 1908, the club merged with Sport Clube de Benfica (previously Grupo Sport Benfica) and became Sport Lisboa e Benfica.
Damião started his player career on 19 February 1905 and debuted for the main squad at the age of 20 in a match against Lisbon Cricket Club. He played all his career in Benfica, as team captain and player-coach from 1908–09 to 1915–16. He played Benfica's first international match, against Stade Bordelais in 1911. In nine seasons, between 1907–08 and 1915–16, he played all of the team's 155 matches, which is a Benfica record. On 26 February 1916, at the age of 30, he retired from playing football, but continued to coach Benfica until 1925–26, leading the team for 18 years, which is another club record. He had the misfortune of ending his player career before the first match of the Portugal national team, but he still played for the Lisbon team and an unofficial National team that played in Brazil, in 1913. As a player, he represented Benfica for 11 seasons in which he played 169 games and was captain 160 times.
After his player career, Damião was also responsible for the football department of Benfica until 1926. On 8 August that year, he was elected president of S.L. Benfica but refused the position held by Bento Mântua. He helped to establish the Portuguese Football League in 1914, the predecessor of the Portuguese Football Federation. He was also the President of the Casa Pia Football Club, as well the founder and director (1913 to 1931) of the sports newspaper O Sport Lisboa, later renamed O Sport de Lisboa.
On 6 September 1931, Damião was elected President of General Assembly, which was the only management job he took at Benfica. He was re-elected in 1932, 1933 and 1934. In 1935, he received Benfica's Águia de Ouro (Golden Eagle). He died in Vila de Sintra on 12 June 1947, after a long illness, and was buried in the Cemitério dos Prazeres, in Lisbon.

## Honours

Player
* Campeonato de Lisboa (5): 1909–10, 1911–12, 1912–13, 1913–14, 1915–16
Coach
* Campeonato de Lisboa (3): 1916–17, 1917–18, 1919–20