OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Chernitsyno, Kursk Oblast

Chernitsyno (Russian: Черницыно) is a rural locality (Russian: село, lit. 'village') and the administrative center of Chernitsynsky Selsoviet Rural Settlement, Oktyabrsky District, Kursk Oblast, Russia. Population: 3,046 (2010 Census); 3,028 (2002 Census);

## Geography

The village is located on the Seym River (a left tributary of the Desna), 75 km from the Russia–Ukraine border, 11 km south-west of Kursk, at the еаstern border of the district center – the urban-type settlement Pryamitsyno.

### Streets

There are the following streets in the locality: Burovaya, Geologicheskaya, Listyanka, Magistralnaya, Naberezhnaya, Nadezhdy, Oktyabrskaya, Oktyabrsky pereulok, Pushkarka, Sportivnaya, Svetlaya, Shirokaya, Tsentralnaya, Tsukanovka and Verkhnyaya Naberezhnaya (1039 houses).

### Climate

Chernitsyno has a warm-summer humid continental climate (Dfb in the Köppen climate classification).
Climate data for Chernitsyno :
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | −4.2 (24.4) | −3.2 (26.2) | 2.7 (36.9) | 13 (55) | 19.4 (66.9) | 22.7 (72.9) | 25.3 (77.5) | 24.7 (76.5) | 18.2 (64.8) | 10.5 (50.9) | 3.3 (37.9) | −1.2 (29.8) | 10.9 (51.6) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | −6.2 (20.8) | −5.7 (21.7) | −0.8 (30.6) | 8.2 (46.8) | 14.8 (58.6) | 18.4 (65.1) | 21 (70) | 20.1 (68.2) | 14 (57) | 7.3 (45.1) | 1.1 (34.0) | −3.2 (26.2) | 7.4 (45.3) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | −8.7 (16.3) | −8.8 (16.2) | −4.9 (23.2) | 2.7 (36.9) | 9.1 (48.4) | 13.1 (55.6) | 15.9 (60.6) | 14.9 (58.8) | 9.8 (49.6) | 3.9 (39.0) | −1.2 (29.8) | −5.4 (22.3) | 3.4 (38.1) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 51 (2.0) | 45 (1.8) | 47 (1.9) | 50 (2.0) | 62 (2.4) | 71 (2.8) | 73 (2.9) | 55 (2.2) | 59 (2.3) | 59 (2.3) | 47 (1.9) | 49 (1.9) | 668 (26.4) |
| Source: https://en.climate-data.org/asia/russian-federation/kursk-oblast/черницыно-500168/ ||||||||||||||

## Transport

Chernitsyno is located 5 km from the federal route M-2 Crimea Highway (a part of the European route E105), on the road of regional importance 38K-017 (Kursk – Lgov – Rylsk – border with Ukraine), on the road of intermunicipal significance 38H-551 (Pryamitsyno – Asphalt plant of Oktyabrsky District – Chernitsyno), 1.5 km from the nearest railway station Dyakonovo (railway line Lgov I — Kursk).
The rural locality is situated 23 km from Kursk Vostochny Airport, 118 km from Belgorod International Airport and 225 km from Voronezh Peter the Great Airport.
# Transgression (1974 film)

Transgression (Korean: 파계) is a 1974 South Korean film directed by Kim Ki-young.

## Plot

Based on a novel by Ko Un, the film tells the story of two students of Zen Buddhism.

## Cast

* Choi Bool-am
* Park Byeong-ho
* Jo Jae-seong
* Im Ye-jin
# Bin Qasim railway station

Bin Qasim Railway Station (Urdu: بن قاسم ریلوے اسٹیشن, Sindhi: بن قاسم ريلوي اسٽيشن) is located in Bin Qasim Town, Karachi, Pakistan.
# Chai Buri district

Chai Buri (Thai: ชัยบุรี, pronounced) is a district (amphoe) of Surat Thani province, Thailand.

## Geography

The district is in the south of the province. The main river is the Khlong Thorom, which crosses the district from south to north.
Neighboring districts are: Phrasaeng to the north and east; to the south, Khao Phanom, and Plai Phraya of Krabi province to the west.
At the boundary to Plai Phraya is the Khlong Phraya Wildlife Sanctuary.

## History

On 5 June 1981 the minor district (king amphoe) Chai Buri was created by splitting off tambons Song Phraek and Chai Buri from the Phrasaeng District. The name was chosen in honor of Khun Chai Buri, the first district officer of Phrasaeng.
The minor district started operation on 10 September 1981 with a temporary office in a sermon hall of the temple, Wat Samai Suwan, tambon Song Phraek. Wisut Tansutthiwanit became the first leader of the minor district. In 1983 the ministry of interior had chosen two plots of land for the district office building, one in tambon Song Phraek and one in tambon Chai Buri. Though originally the first location was the preferred one, the leader of the minor district, Napha Kanchonkirana, recommended the second site, as the first was prone to flooding and was also not at the center of the district. In July 1984 the office building in tambon Chai Buri was opened.
On 4 July 1994 the minor district was elevated to a district (amphoe). Niphan Chonwit became the first district officer.

### Land dispute

The 70-family village of Klong Sai Pattana in Chai Buri district has battled Jiew Kang Jue Pattana Co Ltd, a neighbouring palm oil grower, since 2005 over land ownership. For years, the company has occupied a 217 ha (535 acre; 1,352 rai) palm oil plantation surrounding the village. In 2005, the company was sued by the Agricultural Land Reform Organisation (ALRO), a Thai governmental entity whose mandate includes illegal encroachment. A provincial court found for ALRO in 2007, but Jiew Kang Jue Pattana filed numerous appeals until 2014, when the Thai Supreme Court handed ALRO a victory. In 2010, a Klong Sai Pattana villager was murdered by sniper gunfire. Two female villagers were killed in 2012, and a fourth village in 2015. Villagers believe that the gunmen were hired by the palm oil company to intimidate villagers, driving them away. As of 2017 the village has not received a title to the disputed land, no one has been held accountable for the murders and intimidation, and the Jiew Kang Jue Pattana Company still cultivates palm trees on the plot in spite of their being found guilty of illegal trespass.

## Administration

The district is divided into four sub-districts (tambons), which are further sub-divided into 37 villages (mubans). There are no municipal (thesaban) areas. Each tambon is administered by a tambon administrative organization (TAO).
| No. | Name | Thai name | Villages | Pop. |
| 1. | Song Phraek | สองแพรก | 9 | 5,040 |
| 2. | Chai Buri | ชัยบุรี | 10 | 6,126 |
| 3. | Khlong Noi | คลองน้อย | 10 | 6,217 |
| 4. | Sai Thong | ไทรทอง | 8 | 5,964 |
# Pavlia

Pavlia (Greek: Παύλια) is a mountain village in the municipal unit of Trikolonoi, Arcadia, Greece. It is located at 700 m elevation on a mountain slope, overlooking the plain of Megalopoli. It is 2 km east of Palamari, 2 km west of Palaiomoiri, 4.5 km west of Lykochia, 9 km southeast of Stemnitsa and 14 km north of Megalopoli. The location of the ancient city Thyraion has been identified with that of the present village Pavlia.

## Population

| Year | Village population |
| 1981 | 194 |
| 1991 | 106 |
| 2001 | 105 |
| 2011 | 55 |
| 2021 | 52 |
# In the Name of the People (1939 film)

In the Name of the People (German: Im Namen des Volkes) is a 1939 German crime film directed by Erich Engels and starring Rudolf Fernau, Fritz Kampers, and Rolf Weih. The film's sets were designed by the art directors Hans Sohnle and Wilhelm Vorwerg. It was shot at the Babelsberg Studios in Berlin.

## Synopsis

A dangerous criminal, just released from jail in England, goes on a violent spree robbing motorists on the roads of Bavaria.

## Cast

* Rudolf Fernau as Alfred Hübner
* Christine Grabe as Kellnerin Barbara
* Fritz Kampers as Fritz Hartmann
* Ellen Bang as Lola Larsen
* Rolf Weih as Kommissar Werner
* Reinhold Bernt as Bruno Mielke
* Ilse Fürstenberg as Else Hartmann
* Christian Gollong as Kriminalassistent Schmittchen
* Albert Florath as Gastwirt Buggisch
* Walter Steinbeck as Kriminalrat Brüning
* Franz Nicklisch as Franz Buggisch
* Rudolf Platte as Max
* Erich Dunskus as Kommissar Weber
* Aribert Grimmer as Ganove Oskar
* Eduard von Winterstein as Gerichtsvorsitzender
* Paul Mederow as Jurist
* Georg A. Profé as junger Mann
* Ethel Reschke as Begleiterin des jungen Mannes
* Oskar Höcker as Zuschauer bei Großrazzia
* Walter Gross as Egon
* Else Reval as Egons Beifahrerin
* Bruno Werner as Postbeamter
* Albert Venohr as Wachtmeister
* Berthold Ebbecke as Kriminalassistent
* Werner Pledath as Bayerischer Polizeibeamter
* Karl Münch as Polizeibeamter
* Walter Schramm-Duncker as Dealer Hulke
* Gerhard Dammann as Gastwirt Franz
* Lucie Euler as Zuschauerin bei Großrazzia
* Fred Goebel as Schupo
* Hansjakob Gröblinghoff as Mechaniker
* Knut Hartwig as Bayerischer Wachtmeister
* Otto F. Henning as Englischer Kriminalinspektor
* Käthe Jöken-König as Frau
* Willy Kaiser-Heyl as Amerikanischer Geschäftsmann
* Marianne Kiwitt as Bardame
* Otto Klopsch as Bayerischer Wachtmeister
* Otto Kronburger as Kriminalbeamter
* Gerda Kuffner as Zuschauerin bei Großrazzia
* Fred Köster as Assistant des Juristen
* Hans Meyer-Hanno as Wachtmeister
# Șinca Nouă

Șinca Nouă (German: Neu-Schenk; Hungarian: Újsinka) is a commune in Brașov County, Transylvania, Romania. It is composed of two villages, Paltin and Șinca Nouă, and also administers a hamlet, Strâmba.
The commune is located in the central part of the county, in a hilly area between the Piatra Craiului Mountains to the south and the Olt River to the north, at the eastern edge of the historic Țara Făgărașului region. It lies on the banks of the Șercaia River, a left tributary of the Olt.
Șinca Nouă is crossed by national road DN73A, which runs from Predeal to Șercaia. The county seat, Brașov, is 38 km (24 mi) to the east, and can be reached via DN73, while the city of Făgăraș is 34 km (21 mi) to the northwest.
At the 2021 census, the commune had a population of 1,632, with an absolute majority (97.18%) of Romanians.
The wooden church [ro] in Șinca Nouă dates from 1761.
# Combustion Theory and Modelling

Combustion Theory and Modelling is a bimonthly peer-reviewed scientific journal covering research on combustion. The editors-in-chief are Moshe Matalon (University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign) and Mitchell D. Smooke (Yale University). It is published by Taylor & Francis and was established in 1997. The founding editors are John W. Dold and Mitchell D. Smooke.

## Abstracting and indexing

The journal is abstracted and indexed in,
* Applied Mechanics Reviews
* Astrophysics Data System
* Chemical Abstracts Service
* CSA databases
* Current Contents/Engineering, Computing and Technology
* Ei Compendex
* FLUIDEX
* Inspec
* Mathematical Reviews
* Science Citation Index
* Scopus
* Zentralblatt MATH
According to the Journal Citation Reports, the journal has a 2020 impact factor of 1.777.
# Agrashala

Agrashala ( अग्रशाला in Sanskrit, अगरसाळ in Konkani ) is a pilgrimage resthouse specially meant for devotees in Goan temples. Goan temples are usually seen surrounded by Agrashalas. The Agrashala provides following facilities for the temple patrons or the Mahajanas:
* Rest House
* Rooms for Mahajanas (and sometimes other devotees too ) to stay
* Food facilities
* Wedding Halls ( used for other purposes too )
* Sabhagruha ( Convention halls )
* Bathing and other facilities
* Some are even equipped with kitchens
* Some may even have special rooms for the Gurus
* Canteen
* Some times can be even used as a Vahan shala
# Andreyevka, Kugarchinsky District, Republic of Bashkortostan

Andreyevka (Russian: Андреевка) is a rural locality (a village) in Zarechensky Selsoviet, Kugarchinsky District, Bashkortostan, Russia. The population was 17 as of 2010. There is 1 street.

## Geography

Andreyevka is located 27 km northwest of Mrakovo (the district's administrative centre) by road. Voskresenskoye is the nearest rural locality.
# Marshan Palace, Tangier

The Marshan Palace is a palace of the King of Morocco in the Marshan neighborhood of Tangier, Morocco.

## Legislative Assembly of the Tangier International Zone

The building was initially erected in the early 1950s as the seat of the Legislative Assembly of the Tangier International Zone.

## Maison de Tanger

Following the independence of Morocco in 1956 and its proclamation as a kingdom on 14 August 1957, the building was repurposed as a property of the Monarchy. In the early years following independence, it was known as the Maison de Tanger ("House of Tangier").
From 27 to 30 April 1958, it was the venue of the Tangier Conference, a gathering of representatives from newly independent Morocco and Tunisia and from the Algerian National Liberation Front (FLN), which promoted a vision for a future united North Africa that unraveled in the subsequent years. Participants in the Tangier Conference included Ferhat Abbas, Abdelhafid Boussouf, and Abdelhamid Mehri from the FLN; Bahi Ladgham, Ahmed Tlili, and Abdelhamid Chaker from the Tunisian Neo Destour party; and Allal al-Fassi, Ahmed Balafrej, Abderrahim Bouabid, and Mehdi Ben Barka from the Moroccan Istiqlal Party. The conference was chaired by Allal al-Fassi.

## Royal palace

In the 2010s, King Mohammed VI had the palace revamped to make it into a venue for diplomatic events. On 20 September 2015, Mohammed VI and French President François Hollande made there a communication dubbed the "Tangier Call" (French: Appel de Tanger) about the need to fight climate change.
Across the street from the Marshan Palace lies the Mendoub's Residence, the former mansion of the Mendoub (representative of the Sultan of Morocco in Tangier) that later hosted the Forbes Museum of Tangier from 1970 to 1990.
# Ernst Fiedler

Ernst Fiedler (22 July 1861 – 16 July 1954) was a German-born Swiss mathematician.

## Life and work

Fiedler was the son of Wilhelm Fiedler, mathematics professor at ETH Zurich from 1867. From 1879 to 1882 he studied mathematics at ETH Zurich; in 1882 he moved to Berlin where he studied under Weierstrass, Frobenius and other outstanding mathematicians. In 1885 he moved to Leipzig, where he was awarded a doctorate under Felix Klein in 1885.
Returned to Zürich, he was privatdozent at ETH Zurich. In 1889 he was named full professor at the Industrieschule (in 1904 renamed as Oberrealschule, and now Kantonsschule Rämibühl). He was the principal of the school from 1904 to 1926 when he retired.
Fiedler only produced some secondary school textbooks and any research paper. But he has left some lecture notes on courses given by his father and other professors like Weierstrass.
He also joined the Swiss Army and became the youngest colonel in the army. From 1889 he lectured on ballistics at the Polytechnicum. He was also member of a number of committees to improve the secondary schools.
# Binnenalster

Binnenalster (pronounced ) or Inner Alster Lake is one of two artificial lakes within the city limits of Hamburg, Germany, which are formed by the river Alster (the other being the Außenalster). The main annual festival is the Alstervergnügen.
The lake has an area of 0.2 square kilometres (0.077 sq mi).

## Overview
### History

The phrase "inner" refers to the old city walls of Hamburg. The Binnenalster was the part of the lake that was "inside" the city walls. The lake was originally created to serve as a reservoir for a mill. As of 2008 the old city walls do not exist, instead two car and train bridges, the Lombardsbrücke and the Kennedybrücke, span the river.

### Location

The Binnenalster is bordered by embankment streets on three sides, only the northern side is bordered by a park. Jungfernstieg – on the southern side, opposite this park is a busy boulevard and center of the Binnenalster. Left and right, Ballindamm and Neuer Jungfernstieg accommodate a number of corporate headquarters and first class hotels.

## Public events
### Alstervergnügen

The Alstervergnügen (English: Alster enjoyment) is an annual street fair held around the lake. It always takes place throughout the first weekend of September, and offers a wide variety of food, drink, vending and games stands, as well as some rock bands.
# Villa Fritz Heroldt

The Villa Fritz Heroldt is a historical house in downtown Bydgoszcz. It is registered on the Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship Heritage List.

## Location

The building stands on western side of Gdańska Street at Nr.119, between Chocimskiego street and Artyleryjski street.

## History

The building was built between 1895 and 1896 for Emilia and Fritz Heroldt, a couple of rentiers. At the time, the address was 67 Danzigerstrasse, Bromberg. They lived there until 1899. Fritz Heroldt had also a tenement built in 1896 at 71 Dworcowa Street by Fritz Weidner.
At the beginning of the 20th century Antoni Chołoniewski (1872-1924) lived in the villa. He was a journalist and Polish national activist who wrote the Spirit of Polish History (Polish: Duch dziejów Polski). As a remembrance, a plaque has been placed on the facade.
During PRL times, the villa housed the Civic Militia Command (Polish: Milicja Obywatelska).
Later a school for girls has been established there, then a language school.
Since April 2017, an internet company, Agnat, has moved its headquarters into the premises. Prior to the installation, the firm led an external and internal complete renovation of the villa, based on heritage agency recommendations.

## Architecture

It is one of the first realization of Berliner architect Fritz Weidner, a few years after his arrival in Bydgoszcz.
The elevation is decorated with characteristic Neo-Baroque ornaments:
* puttoes figures
* garlands and friezes
* volutes
* caryatids
The thorough restoration funded by the company Agnat spanned from 2014 to April 2017. Renovations were conducted under the close supervision of the urban conservator of monuments. The coloring of the facade is similar to the original, all decorations: garlands, scrolls, statues of plump angels have been meticulously renewed.
Interiors are likewise, with wooden windows, reconstructed door frames, wooden columns, roof truss, curving staircase with handmade wooden balustrade scenic.
The building has been put on the Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship Heritage List (Nr.601324, Reg. A/1097/1-2) on April 15, 1994.

## Gallery

* Facade detail
* Gable with puttoes
* Caryatid
* Volute
* Ornamented facade
* Motif detail
* Gate and side entry
* Plaque at Nr.119
# A Time for Defiance

A Time for Defiance (Spanish: La hora de los valientes; lit. 'The Hour of the Brave') is a 1997 Spanish war drama film directed by Antonio Mercero about the Spanish Civil War. It stars Gabino Diego and Leonor Watling alongside Luis Cuenca and Adriana Ozores.

## Plot

In Madrid, during the bombing of November 1936, in the Spanish Civil War, the Republican Government decided on the evacuation of paintings from the Prado Museum. Manuel, a 28-year-old security guard, finds a self-portrait of Goya abandoned in one corner. He hides the painting and flees the bombing of his house.

## Cast

* Gabino Diego as Manuel
* Leonor Watling as Carmen
* Adriana Ozores as Flora
* Luis Cuenca as Melquíades
* Héctor Colomé as Lucas
* Ramón Agirre as Gerardo
* Aten Soria as Filo
* Javier Bódalo [es] as Pepito
* Juan José Otegui as Profesor Miralles
* José María Pou as Heliodoro
* Txema Blasco as Cuñado del profesor
* Ramón Langa

## Release

The film was theatrically released in Spain on 18 December 1998. It was also entered into the 21st Moscow International Film Festival where it won the Special Silver St. George.

## Accolades

| Year | Award | Category | Nominee(s) | Result |
| 1999 | 13th Goya Awards | Best Actress | Leonor Watling | Nominated |
| 1999 | 13th Goya Awards | Best Actor | Gabino Diego | Nominated |
| 1999 | 13th Goya Awards | Best Supporting Actress | Adriana Ozores | Won |
| 1999 | 13th Goya Awards | Best Costume Design | Javier Artiñano | Nominated |
| 1999 | 13th Goya Awards | Production Supervision | Mikel Nieto | Nominated |
| 1999 | 13th Goya Awards | Best Special Effects | Juan Ramón Molina, Alfonso Nieto | Nominated |
# Episteme

In philosophy, episteme (Ancient Greek: ἐπιστήμη, romanized: epistēmē, lit. 'science, knowledge'; French: épistème) is knowledge or understanding. The term epistemology (the branch of philosophy concerning knowledge) is derived from episteme.

## History
### Plato

Plato, following Xenophanes, contrasts episteme with doxa: common belief or opinion. The term episteme is also distinguished from techne: a craft or applied practice. In the Protagoras, Plato's Socrates notes that nous and episteme are prerequisites for prudence (phronesis).

### Aristotle

Aristotle distinguished between five virtues of thought: technê, epistêmê, phronêsis, sophia, and nous, with techne translating as "craft" or "art" and episteme as "knowledge". A full account of epistêmê is given in Posterior Analytics, where Aristotle argues that knowledge of necessary, rather than contingent, truths regarding causation is foundational for episteme. To emphasize the necessity, he uses geometry. Notably, Aristotle uses the notion of cause (aitia) in a broader sense than contemporary thought. For example, understanding how geometrical axioms lead to a theorem about properties of triangles counts as understanding the cause of the proven property of the right triangle. As a result, episteme is a virtue of thought that deals with what cannot be otherwise, while techne and phronesis deal with what is contingent.

## Contemporary interpretations
### Michel Foucault

For Foucault, an épistémè is the guiding unconsciousness of subjectivity within a given epoch – subjective parameters which form an historical a priori.$^{:xxii}$ He uses the term épistémè (French pronunciation:) in his The Order of Things, in a specialized sense to mean the historical, non-temporal, a priori knowledge that grounds truth and discourses, thus representing the condition of their possibility within a particular epoch. In the book, Foucault describes épistémè:$^{:183}$
   In any given culture and at any given moment, there is always only one épistémè that defines the conditions of possibility of all knowledge, whether expressed in a theory or silently invested in a practice.
In subsequent writings, he makes it clear that several épistémè may co-exist and interact at the same time, being parts of various power-knowledge systems. Foucault attempts to demonstrate the constitutive limits of discourse, and in particular, the rules enabling their productivity; however, Foucault maintains that, though ideology may infiltrate and form science, it need not do so: it must be demonstrated how ideology actually forms the science in question; contradictions and lack of objectivity are not an indicator of ideology. Jean Piaget has compared Foucault's use of épistémè with Thomas Kuhn's notion of a paradigm.