OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# National Route 221 (Costa Rica)

National Secondary Route 221, or just Route 221 (Spanish: Ruta Nacional Secundaria 221, or Ruta 221) is a National Road Route of Costa Rica, located in the San José, Cartago provinces.

## Description

In San José province the route covers Curridabat canton (Curridabat, Granadilla, Sánchez districts).
In Cartago province the route covers La Unión canton (Tres Ríos, Concepción, Dulce Nombre districts).
# Jose ben Abin

Jose b. Abin (Hebrew: יוסי בר אבין, read as Yossi bar[Son of] Abin (Yer. Talmud); or alternative name recorded in the B. Talmud: Jose, the son of R. Boon [Bun], in Hebrew: יוסי ברבי בון, read as Yossi BeRabbi[Son of Rabbi] Bon) was a Jewish Talmudist, known as an amora of the fifth generation (4th century CE) who lived in the Galilee in the Land of Israel. He was the son of Rabban Abin I and the teacher of Abin II. He was at first the pupil of Rabbi Jose of Yodqart, but the latter's indifference to his own family caused Jose to leave him and follow Assi. Jose was the most important among the last Halakhists of the amoraim of the Land of Israel. He had a thorough knowledge not only of the Judean customs and halakhot, but of the Babylonian, a fact that has led some scholars to maintain that Jose must have resided at some time in Babylonia. It is probable, however, that he derived his knowledge of Babylonian teaching from his father, who had traveled in Babylonia.
Jose's chief work in the field of the Halakhah was the expounding of the Mishnah and the halakhot of the Amoraim, though some halakhot are credited to him. In aggadah he excelled in the transmission and elucidation of the sayings of his predecessors, especially those of Hiyya, Joshua ben Levi, Yohanan and Simeon ben Lakish.
His chief halakic opponents were Mana II and Jose ben Zebida.
# Václav Robert Bozděch

Colonel Václav Robert Bozděch (15 July 1912 in Soběkury– 27 February 1980 in Devon) was a Czech air gunner of World War II. He was a British Royal Air Force (RAF) squadron gunner and commander of training centers.

## Early life

Bozděch was trained as a locksmith. Before the war he became a soldier and a trained air gunner.

## World War II

He arrived in Great Britain via Poland and France, where he briefly served in the French Air Force. In the UK, he first served as an air gunner with No. 311 Squadron RAF. After having flown his first tour he became an instructor and commander of the training centres.
Bozdech was accompanied through the war by a German Shepherd dog, which he found as a puppy after a crash landing while in the French Air Force. He and his fellow Czech airmen named the dog Antis, after the Soviet ANT-40 bomber. Their story was later told in at least three books. (see Dogs in warfare)

## After World War II

After the war he returned to Czechoslovakia and worked at the Ministry of Defence. He married and had a son. He also wrote and published books – Gentlemen of Dusk and Duel with Destiny. After the 1948 Czechoslovak coup d'état he went into exile a second time and returned to the UK, where he rejoined the RAF and married again. He never returned to his homeland. In the context of rehabilitation, after 1989 he was posthumously promoted to the rank of colonel.

## References and further reading

* ↑ Lewis, Damien (2013). War Dog: The No-Man's Land Puppy Who Took To the Skies. London: Sphere. ISBN 978-0751552751.
* ↑ Richardson, Anthony (1961). One Man and His Dog. New York: Dutton. ISBN 978-1844155903.
* ↑ Ross, Hamish (2007). Freedom in the Air: A Czech Flyer and His Aircrew Dog. Pen & Sword Aviation. ISBN 978-1844155903.
* Velinger, Jan (18 March 2009). "The story of a Czech WW II airman and his remarkable dog". Radio Prague.
# Boulevard Poniatowski

The Boulevard Poniatowski is a boulevard in the Bel-Air, Picpus and Bercy neighborhoods in the 12th arrondissement of Paris, France. It is one of the Boulevards of the Marshals that run in the outer parts of the city.

## Location

The Boulevard Poniatowski starts at the Quai de Bercy and goes through the Porte de Charenton, before ending at the Porte Dorée and the Avenue Dumesnil, where it is continued by the Boulevard Soult.
The Boulevard Poniatowski was accessible through the Petite Ceinture bus line. It can now be reached through the tramway Line 3, the Métro Line 8 (Porte Dorée and Porte de Charenton stations), as well as RATP bus lines 29, 46, 87, 109 and 111.

## History

The French war department had completed the Thiers wall – including fortifications, a dry moat, a Rue Militaire and a large berm – around 1840. In 1859, the military engineering service gave conditional control to the Paris city council. The expansion of the land area of Paris in 1860, by annexing bordering communities, created a situation where everything within the Thiers wall was Paris and everything without was not. The Thiers wall, with its accompanying berm and moat, led to a profound disruption and complication of the synergistic relationship between Paris and its suburbs.
Paris city council started upgrading and conversion of some sections of the Rue Militaire into boulevards in 1861, with the (yet unnamed) Boulevard Poniatowski one of the first stretches to open. In 1864, the boulevard was named after Polish-born Józef Poniatowski (1763–1813), 1st Duke of Dalmatia and Marshal of France. Each section of the upgraded Rue Militaire was then named for a marshal of the First French Empire (1804–1814) who served under Napoleon, leading to the entire ring being collectively called the Boulevards of the Marshals. The Boulevards of the Marshals concept was almost fully realized by 1932, though the final three sections, closing the ring, would not be completed until 2005. Of the 22 boulevards, 19 have been named for Poniatowski or one of his fellow First Empire marshals.
* A portion of the Thiers wall, showing the berm and dry moat, near the Porte de Versailles
* Boulevard Poniatowski during the 1931 Paris Colonial Exposition
* Roadworks in 2011

## Important buildings and historical places

* No. 5: La Rapée-Bercy station on the former Petite Ceinture railway line
* No. 117: vestige of the Bastion no. 1 of the Thiers wall
* Between the Porte de Charenton and the Porte de Bercy in 2015
* Roadworks for the tramway system
* Building
* Vestige of the Bastion no. 1 of the Thiers wall.
# Arandu, Gilgit-Baltistan

Arandu is a town in Skardu District, Gilgit-Baltistan.
# François Nepveu

François (Francis) Nepveu (29 April 1639—17 February 1708) was a writer on ascetical subjects.

## Biography

Nepveu entered the novitiate of the Society of Jesus on 12 October 1654, when but fifteen years old. Successively professor of Grammar, of Humanities and Rhetoric for six years, and of Philosophy for eight years, he was afterwards employed in the government. In 1689 he was made superior at Nantes; in 1684 rector at Vannes; in 1694 and 1700 rector at Orléans; in 1697 at Rouen; in 1704 Rennes where he was director of retreats until his death on 17 February 1708.
The Catholic Encyclopedia describes Nepveu as "a man of great zeal and intelligence."

## Works

Nepvue wrote voluminously on ascetical subjects, and some of his works have gone through many editions, having been translated into various languages.
* De l'amour de Notre Seigneur Jésus-Christ, et des Moyens de l'acquérir (Nantes, 1684), has gone through no less than fourteen editions in France. Selections from it were printed in the Petite Bibliothèque Chrétienne, issued by A. Vromont, Brussels, 1893. It has been translated into German, Italian (six editions), Spanish, Flemish, Polish, and English, edited by Henry J. Coleridge, and issued by Burns and Oates, 1869.
* Retraite selon l'esprit et la métho de de Saint Ignace (Paris, 1677; 514 pp.), also numbers fourteen editions of the original. Translations have been made into German, Spanish Flemish, Italian, and six editions in Latin.
* Méthode facile d'oraison, réduite pratique (Nantes) went through more than twelve editions in French and was several times issued in Spanish.
* Pensées et Réflections Chrétiennes pour tous le jours de l'année (4 vols., Paris, 1695), had eighteen French editions, the latest by Guyot, Paris, 1850, 640 pp., and went through some eleven editions in foreign languages.
* L'esprit du Christianisme ou la Conformité du Chrétien avec Jésus-Christ (Paris, 1700, 380 pp.), went through twenty-four editions, and three editions of extracts therefrom appeared in Belgium, also translated into foreign languages, ten editions coming out in Italian.
# Leda Díaz

Leda Díaz (born 28 October 1946) is a Honduran long-distance runner. She competed in the women's marathon at the 1984 Summer Olympics, ending with a DNF.
# Neve Monosson

Neve Monosson (Hebrew: נוה מונוסון), also known as Neve Efraim and Neve Efraim Monosson, commonly called Monosson by its residents, is a municipal borough within the joint municipality of Yehud-Monosson (along with the city of Yehud) in central Israel. In 2003 it had a population of 2,600 but its population is growing considerably due to the ongoing implementation of the Tamar Project, within which 200 family apartments are being replaced by 800 family apartments within a residents-initiated Pinui-Binui (literally: Eviction-Construction) Project; this project is expected to almost double the population of Monosson.

## History

According to Marom, during the 18th and 19th centuries, the area belonged to the Nahiyeh (sub-district) of Lod that encompassed the area of the present-day city of Modi'in-Maccabim-Re'ut in the south to the present-day city of El'ad in the north, and from the foothills in the east, through the Lod Valley to the outskirts of Jaffa in the west. This area was home to thousands of inhabitants in about 20 villages, who had at their disposal tens of thousands of hectares of prime agricultural land.
Neve Monosson was founded in 1953 by a group of families supported by Fred (Efraim) Monosson, a wealthy raincoat manufacturer and a leading Zionist from Boston, Massachusetts. Over the years, it attracted families of airline pilots due to its proximity to the airport.
Neve Monosson is located on the land of the depopulated Palestinian village of Kafr 'Ana; "on or very near" the village site.
The community was a cooperative society within the local regional council from 1953 and became an independent local council in 1964. In 2003 it elected and established the Neve Monosson Local Administration, in order to preserve the community's unique social and cultural autonomy within a municipal merger with the neighboring town of Yehud that created the joint Yehud-Monosson municipality.
The local administration, which in 2005 received municipal status as an autonomous borough (Va'ad Rova Ironi) from the Interior Minister, is responsible for all aspects of community life in Neve Monosson and receives basic municipal services from the joint municipality.
The community, which has its own elementary school, country club, scouts troop, sports hall, culture hall, library and support system for the elderly, is characterized by its uncommon level of volunteering activity. Its communal activities are run by non-profit organizations owned by members of the community.

## Archaeology

Israeli archaeologists have discovered Chalcolithic remains in the area of Neve Monosson.
# Samuel Sarkpa

Samuel Sarkpa (born 26 July 1961) is a Liberian sprinter. He competed in the men's 400 metres at the 1984 Summer Olympics.
# Museums Act 1845

The Museums Act 1845 (8 & 9 Vict. c. 43), sometimes called the Museums of Art Act 1845 or the Museums of Art in Boroughs Act, was an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom which gave the town councils of larger municipal boroughs the power to establish museums.
As to bequests under this Act, see Harrison v The Corporation of Southampton.
This Act was repealed by section 1 of the Public Libraries Act 1850, subject to section 9 of that Act.
This Act was retained for the Republic of Ireland by section 2(2)(a) of, and Part 4 of Schedule 1 to, the Statute Law Revision Act 2007.

## Historical background

In the 1830s, at the height of the Chartist movement, there was a general tendency towards reformism in the United Kingdom. This prompted much new legislation to be passed, such as the Parliamentary Reform Act 1832, the Factory Act 1833, the first instance of a government grant for education in the same year and the Poor Law Amendment Act 1834. The capitalist economic model had created shift patterns which left workers with free time, in contrast to the agrarian model, and the middle classes were concerned that the workers' free time was not being well-spent. This was prompted more by Victorian middle-class paternalism rather than by demand from the lower social orders. Campaigners felt that encouraging the lower classes to spend their free time on morally uplifting activities, such as reading, would promote greater social good.
In 1835, and against government opposition, James Silk Buckingham, MP for Sheffield and a supporter of the temperance movement, was able to secure the chair of the select committee which would examine "the extent, causes, and consequences of the prevailing vice of intoxication among the labouring classes of the United Kingdom" and propose solutions. Francis Place, a campaigner for the working class, agreed that "the establishment of parish libraries and district reading rooms, and popular lectures on subjects both entertaining and instructive to the community might draw off a number of those who now frequent public houses for the sole enjoyment they afford." Buckingham introduced to Parliament a public institution Bill allowing boroughs to charge a tax to set up libraries and museums, the first of its kind. Although this did not become law, it had a major influence on William Ewart and Joseph Brotherton, MPs, who introduced a Bill which would "[empower] boroughs with a population of 10,000 or more to raise a 1⁄2d for the establishment of museums." This became the Museums Act 1845.
# Fatal Accidents Act 1846

The Fatal Accidents Act 1846 (9 & 10 Vict. c. 93), commonly known as Lord Campbell's Act, was an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom, that, for the first time in England and Wales, allowed relatives of people killed by the wrongdoing of others to recover damages.

## Background

Under the common law of England and Wales, the death of a person causes solely emotional and pure economic loss to their relatives. In general, damages cannot be recovered for either type of damage, only for physical damage to the claimant or their property. This was the rule declared by the court in Baker v. Bolton (1808). Scottish law was different in that the court could grant a solatium in acknowledgment of the family's grief.
Thus, if a person was injured through a tort, the wrongdoer would be liable for causing injury. If the person were killed, there would be no liability. Perversely, the wrongdoer had a financial interest in killing, rather than injuring, a victim.
However, during the 1830s the rapid development of the railways led to increasing public hostility to the epidemic of railway deaths and the indifferent attitudes of the railway companies. As a result, inquest juries started to revive the ancient remedy of deodands as a way of penalizing the railways. The railway accident at Sonning Cutting (1841) was particularly notorious. This alerted legislators, in particular Lord Campbell and the Select committee on Railway Labourers (1846). In the face of railway opposition, Campbell introduced a bill in 1845, along with a bill to abolish deodands. The latter proposal, which became law as the Deodands Act 1846, to some extent mitigated railway hostility.

## The Act

The Act came into effect in August 1846 and gave personal representatives the right to bring a legal action for damages where the deceased person had such a right at the time of their death. Compensation was restricted to the husband, parent, or child of the deceased and was for "such damages ... proportioned to the injury resulting from such death." The wording left the question of how damages were to be assessed. In Franklin v. South Eastern Railway (1858), Baron Pollock held that the Act did not grant a Scottish-style solatium but solely damages for economic loss.

## Repeal

The Act was variously amended and finally repealed by Schedule 2 of the Fatal Accidents Act 1976 which governs fatal accident compensation and is based on similar principles. Limited compensation for a family's grief was finally granted by the Administration of Justice Act 1982, section 3.

## International inspirations

Similar legislation has since been brought into force throughout the English-speaking world. For example, part 3 of the Wrongs Act 1958 of Victoria, Australia is often referred to as a Lord Campbell's Act.
# Cemeteries Clauses Act 1847

The Cemeteries Clauses Act 1847 (10 & 11 Vict. c. 65) is an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom.

## Section 10 – Cemetery not to be within a certain distance of houses

This section was repealed by section 272(1) of, and Schedule 30 to, the Local Government Act 1972.

## Section 58 – Penalty for damaging the Cemetery

This section was repealed by section 11(8) of, and Part II of the Schedule to, the Criminal Damage Act 1971.

## Section 59 – Penalty on persons committing nuisances in the cemetery

Proposal for repeal
In 1985, the Law Commission said that this offence was no longer used and recommended that it be repealed.

## Section 61 – Tender of amends

This section was repealed by the Statute Law Revision Act 1894.

## Section 63 – In Ireland, part of penalty to be paid to Guardians of Unions

This section was repealed by the Statute Law Revision Act 1875.

## Section 65 – Persons giving false evidence liable to penalties of perjury

This section was repealed, so far as it applied to England, by section 17 of, and the Schedule to the Perjury Act 1911.

## Section 69 – Act may be amended, etc.

This section was repealed by the Statute Law Revision Act 1875.
# Miroslav Vanko

Miroslav Vanko (born 14 February 1973) is a retired Slovak long-distance runner. He competed in the men's 5000 metres and the 10,000 metres at the 1996 Summer Olympics. In both events Vanko failed to qualify for the finals.
He has held national records for the indoor 3000 meters (7:54.59) and indoor 5000 meters (13:54.39) for over 2 decades. Vanko set his half marathon P.R. at the Venloop road race in the Netherlands with a time of 1:04.40 in 2007.
# HC Berkut

Berkut Hockey Club (Ukrainian: ХК Беркут, HC Berkut) was a Ukrainian professional ice hockey team based in Brovary. While its home arena is in Brovary, within the Kyiv region, it also played in the city of Kyiv.
It was a founding member of the Professional Hockey League of Ukraine, before being expelled by the League and forfeited from the 2013 playoffs. The organization's current focus is its youth development program.
The team's name, Berkut, means golden eagle.

## History
### Financial dispute

The team was expelled by the League and forfeited from the 2013 playoffs for not fulfilling its financial obligations to the League and to its players. Its former captain, Serhiy Klymentiev, along with goaltender Igor Karpenko filed a lawsuit against the club at the conclusion of the season. It has since not taken part in the 2013–14 Ukrainian Hockey Championship season.

### Name change

On 26 January 2014, it was announced that HC Berkut-2, a Ukrainian ice hockey team in the Amateur Hockey League would be changing so as to avoid association with Berkut forces in their role repressing Euromaidan activists.

## Players
### Team captains

* Roman Malov 2011 – 2012
* Serhiy Klymentiev 2012 – 2013

### Head coaches

* Dmytro Markovsky, 2011 – 2012
* Miloš Holaň, 2012 – present
# Bendt Rothe

Bendt Rothe (9 May 1921 – 31 December 1989) was a Danish actor who played the role of the rejected husband Gustav Kanning in Gertrud, the 1964 film by Carl Theodor Dreyer.

## Partial filmography

* De tre skolekammerater (1944) − Forsvarsadvokat
* Det bødes der for (1944) − Eigil Asgaard
* Drømmen om i morgen (1945)
* Diskret Ophold (1946) − Thorsten Olesen
* Fra den gamle Købmandsgaard (1951) − Erling
* Vi arme syndere (1952) − Maler Astrup
* Avismanden (1952) − Lægen
* Hejrenæs (1953) − Fabrikant Helge Knudsen
* Adam and Eve (1953) − Advokat
* Karen, Maren og Mette (1954) − Auktionarius
* Min datter Nelly (1955) − Tandlæge Bent Holm
* Bundfald (1957) − Kriminalassistenten
* Pigen i søgelyset (1959) − Chefredaktør
* Gymnasiepigen (1960) − Rektor Engskjold
* Komtessen (1961) − Højesteretssagfører Skotterup
* Ullabella (1961) − Viceskoledirektør
* Eventyr på Mallorca (1961) − Rejseleder Anders Kristensen
* The Counterfeit Traitor (1962) − Mögens (uncredited)
* Rikki og mændene (1962) − Knud
* Premiere i helvede (1964) − Doktor Gregersen
* Fem mand og Rosa (1964) − Philip André
* Gertrud (1964) − Gustav Kanning
* Don Olsen kommer til byen (1964) − Bankdirektør, Ben W.
* Nu stiger den (1966) − Greve Rosen
* Søskende (1966) − Arthur
* Historien om Barbara (1967)
* I Belong to Me (1967) − Dommeren
* Smukke−Arne og Rosa (1967) − Bankdirektør Schäfer
* Doctor Glas (1968) − Birck
* De røde heste (1968) − Dommer
* The Only Way (1970) − Sanders
* 19 Red Roses (1974) − Janus Bech
* Kassen stemmer (1976) − Bankdirektør
* Strømer (1976) − Mester
* Hærværk (1977) − H.C. Stefani
* The Heritage (1978) − Herredsfoged
* The Olsen Gang Long Gone (1981) − Fransk overtjener
* Babette's Feast (1987) − Old Nielsen
# Mary Watts-Tobin

Mary Watts-Tobin (born 21 December 1936) is a British fencer. She competed in the women's individual and team foil events at the 1964 Summer Olympics.
# Vyshkovo

Vyshkovo (Ukrainian: Вишкове; Hungarian: Visk) is a rural settlement in Khust Raion, Zakarpattia Oblast, western Ukraine. It is first mentioned in the year 1281. The town's population was 8,142 as of the 2001 Ukrainian Census. Current population: 8,193 (2022 estimate). In 2001 45% of the population was of ethnic Hungarian origin.
Vyshkovo is located in the historic region of Northern Maramureș, along the banks of the Tysa River near modern-day Romania. In the past, its location was suited for a castle, although almost nothing remains of it today except for some fortification remnants.

## History

Until 26 January 2024, Vyshkovo was designated urban-type settlement. On this day, a new law entered into force which abolished this status, and Vyshkovo became a rural settlement.