OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Gilbert Étienne

Gilbert Étienne (22 June 1928 – 17 May 2014) was a Swiss economist, author and professor. Étienne is best known for his extensive publishing on economic subjects related to India, China and Pakistan. He was a professor at the Graduate Institute of International Studies in Geneva for over 30 years.

## Early life

Étienne was born in Neuchâtel, Switzerland. His first studies were in law, and he received a degree from the University of Neuchâtel in 1951. Following this, he studied at the National Institute of Oriental Languages and Civilizations (Inalco) in Paris. As a student of Inalco he spent a year doing doctoral research (from 1952 to 1953) in India and Pakistan, where he also spent time teaching in Lahore. In 1955 he defended his doctoral thesis India: economy and population, which was published the following year by Droz.

## Academic career

Following his graduation in 1955, he took a two-year trip to India, where he worked as a representative of the Swiss watch company Favre-Leuba. On his return to Switzerland in 1958 he became a lecturer at the Graduate Institute of International Studies (IUHEI) in Geneva, where his research focused on the economic and social questions of developing countries. He became a professor at the same establishment in 1964, after the publication of his book The Chinese Way. He stayed at IUHEI until the end of his career, in 1994, interrupting his education study tours on the Asian field..From 1979 to 2002 he was the president of the Swiss Association for development aid, Frères de nos frères.

## Death and legacy

Étienne died on 17 May 2014 in Geneva. A prolific author, Étienne published over 40 books and 100 journal articles in his lifetime. His final book, Indian Villages Achievements and Alarm Bells, 1952–2012, was published as a posthumous tribute in 2014.

## Selected publications

* 2007, China-India: the great competition
* 2003, Development against the current
* 2002, Unpredictable Afghanistan
* 1998, Chine-Inde: le match du siècle
* 1996, The Economy of India
* 1989, Pakistan, a gift from the Indus: economy and politics
* 1988, Food and Poverty:India's Half Won Battle
* 1985, Rural development in Asia: Meetings with Peasants
* 1982, Rural development in Asia: people, grain and tools
* 1974, The Chinese way: the long march of the economy / La voie chinoise. La longue marche de l'économie, 1949–1974
* 1969, A Review of Rural Cooperation in Developing Areas
* 1969, Les Chances de l'Inde
* 1968, Studies in Indian Agriculture– The Art of the Possible
* 1962, Tiers Monde, la voie chinoise
* 1959, De Caboul à Pékin: rythmes et perspectives d'expansion économique
* 1956, India: economy and population
# Saint Petersburg Philharmonia

Saint Petersburg Philharmonia (Russian: Санкт-Петербургская филармония, romanized: Sankt-Peterburgskaya filarmoniya), officially the Saint Petersburg Academic Philharmonia Named After D. D. Shostakovich (Russian: Санкт-Петербургская академическая филармония имени Д. Д. Шостаковича, romanized: Sankt-Peterburgskaya akademicheskaya filarmoniya imeni D. D. Shostakovicha), is a music society located in Saint Petersburg, Russia, and is the name of the building where it is housed. Also there is another one building of Saint Petersburg Philharmonic Society: Malii Zal (Small Hall). The location of the Small Hall is in the city centre. The society now hosts two symphony orchestras: Saint Petersburg Philharmonic Orchestra and Saint Petersburg Academic Symphony Orchestra. The venue is named after Dmitri Shostakovich.

## History

* St. Petersburg Philharmonia was established in 1802.
* The building currently housing the Philharmonia was completed 1839. Architect: P. Jacot; and Facade design: C. Rossi.

## Location

St. Petersburg Philharmonia is housed in a large building complex.

## Bolshoi Zal

The Bolshoi Zal (Russian: Большой зал, meaning the Grand Hall) has a capacity of 1500 seats. It is one of the best known music halls in Russia. F.Liszt, H.Berlioz, R.Wagner, A.Dvořák, J.Sibelius, C.-A.Debussy, R.Strauss, S.Rachmaninoff, S.Prokofiev, D.Shostakovich, A.Scriabin, G.Mahler, A.Rubinstein, K.Schumann, P.Viardo, P.Sarasate, A.Schoenberg, I.Stravinsky, B.Bartok, P.Hindemith and others renowned musicians of the XIX-ХХ centuries performed here, and many works of such exponents of Russian classical tradition as A.Borodin, M.Mussorgsky, P.Tchaikovsky, N.Rimsky-Korsakov, A.Glazunov were premiered here. The hall's acoustics are excellent, but judged by some not to be the best in town.

## Anecdotes

It is a well established custom in Bolshoi Zal and elsewhere in Saint Petersburg for a symphony orchestra to play "The Hymn to the Great City", composed by Reinhold Glière, praising the heroic defence in the Siege of Leningrad, as the last piece of encore music.
# Alliance for Human Rights, Animal and Nature Protection

The Alliance for Human Rights, Animal and Nature Protection, commonly the Animal Protection Alliance (German: Allianz für Menschenrechte, Tier- und Naturschutz, Tierschutzallianz) is a political party in Germany founded in 2013. It was founded by members of the Human Environment Animal Protection Party who believed that the party had failed to distance itself from the right-wing.
The party centres animal rights and welfare and describes "tolerance, open-mindedness, and social responsibility" as its core values. It supports the abolition of factory farming and animal testing, banning of the use of wild animals in entertainment and hunting, and proposes tax incentives to plant-derived products over animal-based products. The party also supports direct democracy, the lowering of the Bundestag electoral threshold from 5% to 3%, establishment of a universal basic income, the right to housing, gender equality, and greater rights for victims of crime.
The Animal Protection Alliance is based in Saxony-Anhalt and has run mostly in state and local elections. The party won 1.0% of votes in the 2016 Saxony-Anhalt state election, and 0.5% in 2021. It ran a list in the state in the 2021 federal election, winning 1.1% of votes (0.0% nationally).
# Valtonera

Valtonera (Greek: Βαλτόνερα; before 1928: Κάτω Νεβόλιανη – Kato Nevoliani) is a small village in the region of Florina, northern Greece. According to the 2021 Greek census the village had 172 inhabitants. The village is located in the small plain of the municipality of Amyntaio.

## Demographics

The 1920 Greek census recorded 171 people in the village, and 171 inhabitants (33 families) were Muslim in 1923. Following the Greek–Turkish population exchange, Greek refugee families in Kato Nevoliani were from the Caucasus (54) in 1926. The 1928 Greek census recorded 219 village inhabitants. In 1928, the refugee families numbered 54 (168 people).
Valtonera had 358 inhabitants in 1981. In fieldwork done by anthropologist Riki Van Boeschoten in late 1993, Valtonera was populated by a Greek population descended from Anatolian Greek refugees who arrived during the population exchange, Slavophones and Aromanians. Pontic Greek was spoken in the village by people over 30 in public and private settings. Children understood the language, but mostly did not use it.

## Culture

The Association «Proodos» (Progress) was founded by the residents of the village in 1981, while the sports club «Thyella» (Storm) is based in the village. The church of the village which holds an annual festival on 21 May is dedicated to Saints Constantine and Helena.
In 2003 Dimitra Koutsouridou of Valtonera entered the Guinness World Records, gathering a total of 8,514 pencil sharpeners, which are located and exhibited at the Elementary School of the village.
# Nazarkino

Nazarkino (Russian: Назаркино) is a rural locality (a selo) in Maxyutovsky Selsoviet, Kugarchinsky District, Bashkortostan, Russia. The population was 220 as of 2010. There are 5 streets.

## Geography

Nazarkino is located 53 km south of Mrakovo (the district's administrative centre) by road. Iknazarovo is the nearest rural locality.
# Dicranopteris

Dicranopteris (forkedfern) is a genus of tropical ferns of the family Gleicheniaceae. There are about 20 described species.

## Species

As of March 2023, Plants of the World Online accepted the following species:
Phylogeny of Dicranopteris
Unassigned species:
* Dicranopteris alternans (Mett.) Yan & Wei
* Dicranopteris clemensiae Holttum
* Dicranopteris dolosa Copel.
* Dicranopteris elegantula Pic.Serm.
* Dicranopteris lanigera (D.Don) Fraser-Jenk.
* Dicranopteris latiloba (Holtt.) Yan & Wei
* Dicranopteris × nepalensis Fraser-Jenk.
* Dicranopteris nervosa (Kaulf.) Ching
* Dicranopteris pubigera (Blume) Nakai
* Dicranopteris rufinervis (Mart.) Ching
* Dicranopteris schomburgkiana (Sturm ex Mart.) C.V.Morton
* Dicranopteris seminuda Maxon
* Dicranopteris seramensis M.Kato
* Dicranopteris speciosa (Presl) Holttum
* Dicranopteris spissa (Fée) Lima & Salino
# Letters from Marusia

Letters from Marusia (Spanish: Actas de Marusia) is a 1975 Mexican film directed by Chilean filmmaker Miguel Littín. It was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film. It was also entered into the 1976 Cannes Film Festival. The film is based on a Patricio Manns novel (1974) inspired by the Marusia massacre of 1925.

## Plot

The film portrays the harsh reality of life during Chile's "Nitrate Era" (1880-1929) for the working class, where efforts to form workers' unions were violently suppressed.
Set in a mining town in northern Chile, the Marusia massacre of 1925 unfolds. Government authorities sanction brutal violence against mine workers to maintain control for foreign companies exploiting resources. Despite some workers' resistance, the town is ultimately destroyed, and its residents are exterminated.

## Cast

* Gian Maria Volonté - Gregorio
* Diana Bracho - Luisa
* Claudio Obregón - Capt. Troncoso
* Eduardo López Rojas - Domingo Soto
* Patricia Reyes Spíndola - Rosa
* Salvador Sánchez - Sebastian
* Ernesto Gómez Cruz - Crisculo 'Medio Juan'
* Arturo Beristáin - Arturo
* Silvia Mariscal - Margarita
* Alejandro Parodi - Espinoza
* Patricio Castillo - Tte. Gaínza
# Sandy Cowan

Alexander Cowan (February 5, 1879 – January 8, 1915) was a Canadian lacrosse player who competed in the 1904 Summer Olympics. In 1904 he was member of the Shamrock Lacrosse Team which won the gold medal in the lacrosse tournament.
# Ginette Baudin

Ginette Baudin (1921–1971) was a French stage and film actress. She was married to the actor Andrex.

## Selected filmography

* The Chain Breaker (1941)
* The Stairs Without End (1943)
* Home Port (1943)
* Son of France (1946)
* The Beautiful Trip (1947)
* The Unexpected Voyager (1950)
* The Prettiest Sin in the World (1951)
* The Damned Lovers (1952)
* Baratin (1956)
# Kalinin, Kursk Oblast

Kalinin (Russian: Калинин) is a rural locality (a khutor) in Brezhnevsky Selsoviet Rural Settlement, Kursky District, Kursk Oblast, Russia. Population: 3 (2010 Census); 4 (2002 Census);

## Geography

The khutor is located on the Malaya Kuritsa River (a right tributary of the Bolshaya Kuritsa River in the Seym River basin), 90 km from the Russia–Ukraine border, 26 km north-west of Kursk, 12 km from the selsoviet center – Verkhnekasinovo.

### Climate

Kalinin has a warm-summer humid continental climate (Dfb in the Köppen climate classification).

## Transport

Kalinin is located 9 km from the federal route M-2 Crimea Highway (a part of the European route E105), 4.5 km from the road of intermunicipal significance 38H-182 ("Crimea Highway" – Verkhnyaya Medveditsa – Razinkovo), 26 km from the nearest railway halt Bukreyevka (railway line Oryol – Kursk).
The rural locality is situated 30 km from Kursk Vostochny Airport, 144 km from Belgorod International Airport and 229 km from Voronezh Peter the Great Airport.
# Bathochordaeus mcnutti

Bathochordaeus mcnutti, the blue-tailed giant larvacean, is a species of larvacean in the genus Bathochordaeus within the family Oikopleuridae. It's found in the North Pacific Ocean, it is comparatively large and reaching up to 10 centimeters in length including the tail. It can be distinguished from other giant larvaceans by its bright blue tail margin.
# Alison Smith (tennis)

Alison Smith (born 8 April 1970) is a British former professional tennis player.
Smith, who comes from Staffordshire, played on the international tour in the early 1990s. She featured in the women's doubles main draw at the 1994 Wimbledon Championships, partnering Gaby Coorengel of the Netherlands.

## ITF finals

* Legend
* $25,000 tournaments
* $10,000 tournaments

### Singles: 1 (1–0)

| Outcome | Date | Tournament | Surface | Opponent | Score |
| Winner | 19 July 1992 | Frinton, United Kingdom | Grass | Barbara Griffiths | 6–3, 6–3 |

### Doubles: 10 (4–6)

| Outcome | No. | Date | Tournament | Surface | Partner | Opponents | Score |
| Runner-up | 1. | 21 July 1991 | Frinton, United Kingdom | Grass | Katie Rickett | Caroline Billingham Virginia Humphreys-Davies | 3–6, 1–6 |
| Runner-up | 2. | 9 February 1992 | Swansea, United Kingdom | Hard | Susanna Locher | Seda Noorlander Eva Haslinghuis | 3–6, 6–4, 4–6 |
| Winner | 1. | 10 May 1992 | Bath, United Kingdom | Clay | Tamsin Wainwright | Lorna Woodroffe Julie Pullin | 6–1, 6–4 |
| Runner-up | 3. | 17 May 1992 | Bournemouth, United Kingdom | Hard | Tamsin Wainwright | Amanda Evans Svetlana Parkhomenko | 3–6, 6–2, 4–6 |
| Runner-up | 4. | 3 October 1993 | Bracknell, United Kingdom | Hard | Caroline Stassen | Caroline Hunt Shirli-Ann Siddall | 2–6, 1–6 |
| Runner-up | 5. | 14 November 1993 | Swindon, United Kingdom | Carpet | Caroline Stassen | Natalia Egorova Svetlana Parkhomenko | 0–6, 4–6 |
| Runner-up | 6. | 21 November 1993 | Swansea, United Kingdom | Hard | Caroline Stassen | Natalia Egorova Svetlana Parkhomenko | 1–6, 3–6 |
| Winner | 2. | 6 February 1994 | Telford, United Kingdom | Hard | Sara Tse | Paula Iversen Elizma Nortje | 4–6, 6–4, 6–4 |
| Winner | 3. | 13 February 1994 | Sunderland, United Kingdom | Hard | Gaby Coorengel | Caroline Stassen Nathalie Thijssen | 3–6, 6–1, 6–2 |
| Winner | 4. | 20 March 1994 | Reims, France | Clay | Gaby Coorengel | Eva Melicharová Ivana Jankovská | 4–6, 7–6, 7–5 |
# Kurumkansky District

Kurumkansky District (Russian: Курумка́нский райо́н; Buryat: Хурамхаанай аймаг, Khuramkhaanai aimag) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the twenty-one in the Republic of Buryatia, Russia. It is located in the northeast of the republic. The area of the district is 12,450 square kilometers (4,810 sq mi). Its administrative center is the rural locality (a selo) of Kurumkan. As of the 2010 Census, the total population of the district was 15,007, with the population of Kurumkan accounting for 36.4% of that number.

## History

The district was established on December 11, 1970.

## Administrative and municipal status

Within the framework of administrative divisions, Kurumkansky District is one of the twenty-one in the Republic of Buryatia. The district is divided into five selsoviets and four somons, which comprise twenty-eight rural localities. As a municipal division, the district is incorporated as Kurumkansky Municipal District. Its five selsoviets and four somons are incorporated as ten rural settlements within the municipal district. The selo of Kurumkan serves as the administrative center of both the administrative and municipal district.

## Demographics

As of the 2010 Census the ethnic breakdown of Kurumkansky District was the following: Buryats: 65.04% Russians: 30.07% Evenks: 2.03% Tatars: 0.08% Ukrainians: 0.01% Belarusians: 0.01% Azerbaijanis: 0.01% Others: 0.05%
# Decma

Decma is a genus of Asian bush crickets belonging to the tribe Meconematini: in the subfamily Meconematinae.

## Species

The Orthoptera Species File lists the following species, found in Indochina southern China and Malesia:

### Subgenus Decma Gorochov, 1993

* Decma bolivari (Karny, 1924)
* Decma brachyptera Chang, Du & Shi, 2013
* Decma fissa (Xia & Liu, 1992)
* Decma inversa (Karny, 1907)
* Decma lindu Gorochov, 2012
* Decma minahassa Gorochov, 2012
* Decma miramae Gorochov, 1993
* Decma orlovi Gorochov, 2004
* Decma predtetshenskyi Gorochov, 1993
* Decma stshelkanovtzevi Gorochov, 1993 - type species, locality Đà Bắc District, Hoa Binh, Vietnam
* Decma sulawesi Gorochov, 2012
* Decma thai Gorochov, 1998
* Decma tristis Gorochov & Kang, 2005

### Subgenus Idiodecma Gorochov, 1993

* Decma birmanica (Bey-Bienko, 1971)
* Decma improvisum Gorochov & Kostia, 1993
* Decma nigrovertex Liu, 2004

### Subgenus Neodecma Gorochov, 2004

* Decma elefani Gorochov, 2004

### Subgenus Paradecma Liu & Zhou, 2007

* Decma bispinosa Liu & Zhou, 2007

### Subgenus not assigned

* Decma abruptum Gorochov, 2012
# Mecas

Mecas is a genus of longhorn beetles found in North America, containing the following species:
subgenus Dylobolus
subgenus Mecas
* Mecas albovitticollis Breuning, 1955
* Mecas ambigena Bates, 1881
* Mecas bicallosa Martin, 1924
* Mecas cana (Newman, 1840)
* Mecas cineracea Casey, 1913
* Mecas cinerea (Newman, 1840)
* Mecas cirrosa Chemsak & Linsley, 1973
* Mecas confusa Chemsak & Linsley, 1973
* Mecas femoralis (Haldeman, 1847)
* Mecas humeralis Chemsak & Linsley, 1973
* Mecas linsleyi Knull, 1947
* Mecas marginella LeConte, 1873
* Mecas marmorata Gahan, 1892
* Mecas menthae Chemsak & Linsley, 1973
* Mecas obereoides Bates, 1881
* Mecas pergrata (Say, 1824)
subgenus Pannychis
# 54th Corps (German Empire)

The 54th Corps (German: Generalkommando zbV 54) was a corps formation of the German Army in World War I. It was formed in September 1916 and was still in existence at the end of the war.

## Chronicle

The 54th Corps (z.b.V.) was formed in September 1916. With the onset of trench warfare, the German Army recognised that it was no longer possible to maintain the traditional Corps unit, that is, one made up of two divisions. Whereas at some times (and in some places) a Corps of two divisions was sufficient, at other times 5 or 6 divisions were necessary. Therefore, under the Hindenburg regime (from summer 1916), new Corps headquarters were created without organic divisions. These new Corps were designated General Commands for Special Use (German: Generalkommandos zur besonderen Verwendung).
By the end of the war, the Corps was serving on the Western Front as part of 2nd Army, Heeresgruppe Kronprinz Rupprecht with the following composition:
* 21st Reserve Division
* 22nd Division
* 4th Division
* 113th Division
* 239th Division
* 12th Reserve Division
* Jäger Division
* 185th Division

## Commanders

The 54th Corps had the following commanders during its existence:
| Commander | From | To |
| Generalleutnant Viktor Kühne | 4 September 1916 | 2 February 1917 |
| Generalleutnant Richard von Kraewel | 2 February 1917 | 25 February 1917 |
| General der Infanterie Eduard von Liebert | 25 February 1917 | 17 June 1917 |
| Generalleutnant Max von Müller | 17 June 1917 | 21 January 1918 |
| Generalleutnant Alfred von Larisch | 21 January 1918 | 11 November 1918 |

## Glossary

* Armee-Abteilung or Army Detachment in the sense of "something detached from an Army". It is not under the command of an Army so is in itself a small Army.
* Armee-Gruppe or Army Group in the sense of a group within an Army and under its command, generally formed as a temporary measure for a specific task.
* Heeresgruppe or Army Group in the sense of a number of armies under a single commander.
# Albert Duvaleix

Albert Duvaleix (1893-1962) was a French stage and film actor. A character actor he appeared in a number of supporting roles in French comedies and drama films. His son Christian Duvaleix also became an actor.

## Selected filmography

* Beauty Spot (1932)
* Juanita (1935)
* The Coquelet Affair (1935)
* The Imberger Mystery (1935)
* Marinella (1936)
* The King (1936)
* The Volga Boatman (1936)
* Les Femmes collantes (1938)
* The Porter from Maxim's (1939)
* The Five Cents of Lavarede (1939)
* Metropolitan (1939)
* At Your Command, Madame (1942)
* White Patrol (1942)
* Home Port (1943)
* Night Shift (1944)
* First on the Rope (1944)
* Song of the Clouds (1946)
* Not So Stupid (1946)
* The Unknown Singer (1947)
* The Woman in Red (1947)
* To the Eyes of Memory (1948)
* Thus Finishes the Night (1949)
* Branquignol (1949)
* The Widow and the Innocent (1949)
* The Prize (1950)
* We Will All Go to Paris (1950)
* La Poison (1951)
* Adhémar (1951)
* Deburau (1951)
* The Prettiest Sin in the World (1951)
* No Vacation for Mr. Mayor (1951)
* Savage Triangle (1951)
* Crazy for Love (1952)
* Piédalu Works Miracles (1952)
* Monsieur Leguignon, Signalman (1952)
* Koenigsmark (1953)
* The Drunkard (1953)
* The Fighting Drummer (1953)
* Obsession (1954)
* The Whole Town Accuses (1956)
# Seni Gambat Halt railway station

Seni Gambat Halt Railway Station (Urdu: سنی گمبٹ ریلوے اسٹیشن) is located in Gambat, Pakistan.
# Piano Quartet No. 2

Piano Quartet No. 2 may refer to:
* Piano Quartet No. 2 (Beethoven)
* Piano Quartet No. 2 (Brahms)
* Piano Quartet No. 2 (Dvořák)
* Piano Quartet No. 2 (Enescu)
* Piano Quartet No. 2 (Fauré)
* Piano Quartet No. 2 (Mendelssohn)
* Piano Quartet No. 2 (Mozart)
* Piano Quartet No. 2 (Oswald)
* Piano Quartet in B-flat major (Saint-Saëns)
# Nowy Tomyśl County

Nowy Tomyśl County (Polish: powiat nowotomyski) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Greater Poland Voivodeship, west-central Poland. It came into being on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat and largest town is Nowy Tomyśl, which lies 55 kilometres (34 mi) west of the regional capital Poznań. The county contains three other towns: Opalenica, 20 km (12 mi) east of Nowy Tomyśl, Zbąszyń, 17 km (11 mi) south-west of Nowy Tomyśl, and Lwówek, 16 km (10 mi) north of Nowy Tomyśl.
The county covers an area of 1,011.67 square kilometres (390.6 sq mi). As of 2006 its total population is 71,817, out of which the population of Nowy Tomyśl is 15,225, that of Opalenica is 9,104, that of Zbąszyń is 7,300, that of Lwówek is 2,909, and the rural population is 37,279.

## Neighbouring counties

Nowy Tomyśl County is bordered by Międzychód County to the north, Szamotuły County to the north-east, Poznań County and Grodzisk Wielkopolski County to the east, Wolsztyn County to the south, Zielona Góra County to the south-west, and Świebodzin County and Międzyrzecz County to the west.

## Administrative division

The county is subdivided into six gminas (four urban-rural and two rural). These are listed in the following table, in descending order of population.
| Gmina | Type | Area (km$^2$) | Population (2006) | Seat |
| Gmina Nowy Tomyśl | urban-rural | 185.9 | 24,237 | Nowy Tomyśl |
| Gmina Opalenica | urban-rural | 147.7 | 15,588 | Opalenica |
| Gmina Zbąszyń | urban-rural | 179.8 | 13,469 | Zbąszyń |
| Gmina Lwówek | urban-rural | 183.5 | 9,151 | Lwówek |
| Gmina Kuślin | rural | 106.3 | 5,571 | Kuślin |
| Gmina Miedzichowo | rural | 208.5 | 3,801 | Miedzichowo |
# Yaroslavshchina

Yaroslavshchina (Russian: Ярославщина) is a rural locality (a village) in Dobryansky District, Perm Krai, Russia. The population was 10 as of 2010.

## Geography

Yaroslavshchina is located 51 km northeast of Dobryanka (the district's administrative centre) by road. Sofronyata is the nearest rural locality.