OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Kotobagari

Kotobagari (言葉狩り, "word hunting") is a sardonic term which refers to the reluctance to use words that are considered potentially offensive or politically incorrect in the Japanese language. For instance words such as rai (癩, "leper"), mekura (盲, "blind"), tsunbo (聾, "deaf"), oshi (唖, "deaf-mute"), kichigai (気違い or 気狂い, "crazy"), tosatsujō (屠殺場, "slaughterhouse"), and hakuchi (白痴, "moron/retard") are currently not used by the majority of Japanese publishing houses; the publishers often refuse to publish writing which includes these words.
Another example is that a school janitor in Japan used to be called a kozukai-san (小使いさん, "chore person"). Some felt that the word had a derogatory meaning, so it was changed to yōmuin (用務員, "task person"). Now yōmuin is considered demeaning, so there is a shift to use kōmuin (校務員, "school task member") or kanrisagyōin (管理作業員, "maintenance member") instead. This pattern of change is an example of the linguistic phenomenon known as the "euphemism treadmill".
Other examples of words which have become unacceptable include the replacement of the word hyakushō (百姓) for "farmer" with nōka (農家).
Since World War II, the word Shina (支那) for China written in kanji has been recognized as derogatory, and has been largely superseded by the Japanese pronunciation of the endonym, Chūgoku (中国), or with Shina written in katakana (シナ).
In the 1960s, the Sino-Japanese word Mōko (蒙古) meaning "Mongol" was recognized for its connotation of a "stupid, ignorant, or immature" person (compare the English term "Mongoloid"), and the ethnic group is now referred to by the katakana term Mongoru (モンゴル).

## Kotobagari and ideology

Kotobagari has led to some confusing terminology.
NHK, the Japanese Broadcasting Company, runs a Korean language study program, but the language is referred to as "Hangul". This is a result of both the North and South Korean governments demanding that the language be called by their respective preferred name of Korea suffixed with "language" (語). North Korea wanted the show to be called Chōsen-go or "Chōsen language" (朝鮮語), taken from the Japanese pronunciation of the full name of North Korea, Chōsen Minshu Shugi Jinmin Kyōwakoku (朝鮮民主主義人民共和国) or "Democratic People's Republic of Korea". South Korea wanted Kankoku-go or "Kankoku language" (韓国語) from Daikan Minkoku (大韓民国) or "Republic of Korea".
As a compromise, "Hangul" was selected and Korean is referred to as "the language on this program" or "this language", but this has led to the use of the neologism "Hangul language" (ハングル語) to refer to the Korean language, which is technically incorrect since hangul itself is a writing system, not a language.
# Kampinos Forest

Kampinos Forest (Polish: Puszcza Kampinoska) is a large forest complex located in Masovian Voivodeship, west of Warsaw in Poland.
It covers a part of the ancient valley of the Vistula basin, between the Vistula and the Bzura rivers. The forest began to form 14-11,000 years ago, at the very end of the Last Glacial Period.
Once a forest covering 670 km$^2$ of central Poland, it currently covers roughly 240 km$^2$. In its present day form, most of the woodland is no longer old-growth forest but rather the remainders of a once-managed forest which is now left to grow on its own, with little human intervention.

## Kampinos National Park

Most of the Kampinos forest is currently protected within Kampinos National Park (Kampinoski Park Narodowy).
Among the distinctive features of the area is a combination of sandy dunes and marshes, with dense pine and spruce forest.
The forest is a Natura 2000 EU Special Protection Area.
# Electoral district of Grenville

Grenville was an electoral district of the Legislative Assembly in the Australian state of Victoria from 1859 to 1927. It was located in western Victoria, south of Ballarat.

## Members

Two members initially, one from 1904.
| Member 1 | Term | Member 2 (until 1904) | Term |
| Robert Gillespie | Oct 1859 – Jul 1861 | Richard Henry Lock | Oct 1859 – Jul 1861 |
| Robert Gillespie | Aug 1861 – Mar 1862 | Alfred Arthur O'Connor | Aug 1861 – Aug 1864 |
| Mark Pope | Mar 1862 – Dec 1865 | Thomas Randall | Nov 1864 – Dec 1865 |
| Henry Henty | Feb 1866 – Dec 1867 | Sir Francis Murphy | Feb 1866 – Jan 1871 |
| Thomas Russell | Mar 1868 – Jan 1873 | Sir Francis Murphy | Feb 1866 – Jan 1871 |
| Thomas Russell | Mar 1868 – Jan 1873 | William Clarke | Apr 1871 – Apr 1877 |
| John Montgomery | May 1873 – Mar 1874 | William Clarke | Apr 1871 – Apr 1877 |
| Mark Pope | May 1874 – Jul 1874 | William Clarke | Apr 1871 – Apr 1877 |
| Richard Henry Lock | Aug 1874 – Apr 1877 | William Clarke | Apr 1871 – Apr 1877 |
| John Bird | May 1877 – Feb 1880 | David Davies | May 1877 – Jun 1894 |
| Alexander Young | May 1880 – Sep 1894 | David Davies | May 1877 – Jun 1894 |
| George Russell | July 1894 – Apr 1900 | David Kerr | Oct 1894 – Sep 1897 |
| George Russell | July 1894 – Apr 1900 | Michael Stapleton | Oct 1897 – Nov 1899 |
| James Sadler | June 1900 – Aug 1902 | David Kerr | Dec 1899 – May 1904 |
| Austin Austin | Oct 1902 – May 1904 | David Kerr | Dec 1899 – May 1904 |
Single Member District 1904–1927 :
| Member | Party | Term |
| Charles McGrath | Labor | 1904–1913 |
| John Chatham | Labor | 1913–1916 |
| John Chatham | Independent | 1916–1917 |
| David Gibson | VFU | 1917–1921 |
| Arthur Hughes | Labor | 1921–1927 |
    = elected in a by-election
    = died in office
Grenville was preceded by the "Electoral district of Polwarth, Ripon, Hampden and South Grenville" and "Electoral district of North Grenville" which were both original districts of the first Legislative Assembly of 1856 and was abolished in 1859.
The Electoral district of Warrenheip and Grenville was created in 1927 after Grenville was abolished.
Arthur Hughes, the last member for Grenville, represented Electoral district of Hampden from April 1927.
# Lipovec, Ribnica

Lipovec (pronounced; German: Lipowitz) is a small village east of Dolenja Vas in the Municipality of Ribnica in southern Slovenia. The area is part of the traditional region of Lower Carniola and is now included in the Southeast Slovenia Statistical Region.
A small chapel-shrine in the centre of the settlement is dedicated to the Virgin Mary and was built around 1930.
# Galgalatz

Galgalatz or GLGLZ (Hebrew: גלגלצ), also rendered in English as "Army Radio on Wheels", is an Israeli radio station, operated by the Israel Defense Forces. It is broadcast on transmitters across the country and features pop and rock music in English and Hebrew along with traffic bulletins and an hourly news report. The station was started in 1993 as a partnership between the IDF, which also runs Army Radio (known as Galatz), and the Ministry of Transport and Road Safety. Its name combines galgal (Hebrew: גלגל), Hebrew for "steering wheel", and Galatz. Galgalatz is highly influential in Israeli pop music; in 2007, Barry Davis of The Jerusalem Post called Galgalatz "the country's rock-pop barometer". As of 2024, it had 1.3 million listeners.

## History

Galgalatz began broadcasting on 31 October 1993. It became a 24-hour service in February 1997, when an overnight simulcast of Army Radio was discontinued.
In 2003, Army Radio and Galgalatz were barred for 12 hours from airing pop music as part of a four-year legal dispute with the Society of Authors, Composers and Music Publishers in Israel (ACUM) over unpaid royalties. Classical and Israeli folk music were aired in lieu of popular compositions on Army Radio, while Galgalatz aired its customary traffic updates with call-in content from listeners.
Defense minister Moshe Ya'alon and culture and sports minister Miri Regev entered into a public row in 2015 over a proposal that Galgalatz alter its playlist to increase airplay of domestic artists and Mizrahi music. Regev later secured the approval of prime minister Benjamin Netanyahu to establish a new station consisting primarily of older Israeli music.
The IDF radio stations originally broadcast from Jaffa. In 2018, plans were announced to relocate Army Radio and Galgalatz to studios in Jerusalem.
After the October 7 attacks, the morning show began dedicating the second song of every hour to a hostage in Gaza.

## Charts

Galgalatz airs every Thursday the "Official Music Chart Of Israel", which includes top 10 Israeli and international songs, based on the audience's choice on the station's website. In 2000, Galgalatz took over producing its own top-20 chart from Army Radio. The last Friday of the year, Galgalatz also broadcasts the Israeli annual international song chart. On 31 December 2019, Galgalatz aired the official hot 100 decade-chart.
# Janīna Kursīte-Pakule

Janīna Kursīte-Pakule (born 2 March 1952, in Arendole) is a Latvian literary scholar, linguist, writer, publicist, and politician. She has served as deputy of the 9th, 10th, 11th, and 12th Saeimas. Kursīte-Pakule is a member of the Latvian Academy of Sciences.
In 2018, after being re-elected to the Saeima, Kursīte-Pakule delivered her oath in Livonian before being asked to retake it in Latvian, which she did in the Livonian dialect of Latvian.
# Smorodnoye

Smorodnoye (Russian: Смородное) is a rural locality (a khutor) in Lebyazhensky Selsoviet Rural Settlement, Kursky District, Kursk Oblast, Russia. Population: 43 (2010 Census); 49 (2002 Census);

## Geography

The khutor is located on the Mlodat River (a left tributary of the Seym), 84 km from the Russia–Ukraine border, 15 km south-east of Kursk, 4 km from the selsoviet center – Cheryomushki.

### Climate

Smorodnoye has a warm-summer humid continental climate (Dfb in the Köppen climate classification).

## Transport

Smorodnoye is located 3 km from the road of intermunicipal significance 38H-416 (Kursk – Petrin), on the road 38H-048 (2nd Bukreyevo – Khoruzhevka – Smorodnoye), 12.5 km from the nearest railway halt 465 km (railway line Lgov I — Kursk).
The rural locality is situated 21 km from Kursk Vostochny Airport, 104 km from Belgorod International Airport and 206 km from Voronezh Peter the Great Airport.
# Polish Telegraphic Agency

The Polish Telegraphic Agency (Polish: Polska Agencja Telegraficzna, PAT) was a Polish state-owned news agency established on October 31, 1918. Its main office was at first located in Kraków. Later, it was moved to Lwów, and finally to Warsaw, where it remained until the 1939 Invasion of Poland.
As the only such agency in the Second Polish Republic, the PAT was the official supplier of news on Poland both for the Polish press and foreign media (through 14 yearly bulletins issued in a number of languages, including Polish, French, English and German). Since 1927, the PAT also issued a weekly newsreel. After the Soviet and German take-over of Poland in 1939, the PAT continued its service abroad as the news agency of the Polish Government in Exile. In 1991, it was officially united with the Polish Press Agency operating in Poland. It is also considered a distant predecessor of the Polish Information Agency.

## Operations

The bulletins, issued by the PAT, were main source of information about Poland for foreign press. They provided political, economic, cultural and sports news. In 1927, the agency produced its first, 10-minute-long weekly newsreels. They were shown in Polish cinemas prior to the main film, and this custom was continued after World War II, with the Communist-sponsored Polish Film Chronicle. Until September 1939, some 600 newsreels were produced. Only 100 survived the war, as following the Warsaw Uprising, archives of the PAT were destroyed.
Since 1921, the chairman of the agency was Piotr Gorecki, but after the May Coup, all major posts were handed over to the group of supporters of Jozef Pilsudski. In 1929, the chairman was Roman Starzynski, replaced in July 1933 by Konrad Libicki. Last prewar chairman of the PAT was Mieczyslaw Obarski.
Since 1925, it produced a regular newsreel. In 1926, PAT consisted of two departments: information and advertising. In 1927, a separate film department was added. In 1930, the agency established a film and photo studio and started offering a photo service.
In 1935, autonomous film institute was opened, and in the same year, information department was divided into two offices: political, economical, art and culture, sports and provincial news. There also was a separate office handling foreign news. In 1935, the PAT had fourteen local offices, in the following towns: Białystok, Bydgoszcz, Gdynia, Grudziądz, Katowice, Kraków, Lublin, Lwów, Łódź, Łuck, Poznań, Sosnowiec, Toruń and Wilno. It also had ten foreign offices, at Berlin, Free City of Danzig, Geneva, London, Moscow, Paris, New York City, Riga, Rome and Vienna.
In the mid-1930s, the agency employed some 250 correspondents. In 1932, the PAT was merged with National Publishing House (Wydawnictwo Panstwowe), which resulted in opening four bulletins. In 1935, the agency signed advertising agreements with three major state monopolies: Polish Spirit Monopoly, Polish Tobacco Monopoly, and General Savings Bank.
# Vaivai

Vaivai is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Apolonia Vaivai (born 1991), Fijian weightlifter
* Paterika Vaivai (born 1992), Samoan rugby player and footballer
* Taioalo Vaivai (born 1990), New Zealand-born American rugby player
# Genezareth, Hallum

The Genezareth or Kloosterpoldermolen is a smock mill in Hallum, Friesland, Netherlands which was built in 1850 and has been restored to working order. The mill is listed as a Rijksmonument, number 15642.

## History

The Genezareth was built in 1850 by millwright H de Vries to drain the Genezareth-Kloosterpolder. Restorations were undertaken in 1958 and 1962. On 4 May 1976, the mill was sold to Stichting De Fryske Mole (English: Frisian Mills Foundation) A further restoration was undertaken in 1980. In 2006, the mill was officially designated as being in reserve should it be required to drain the polder.

## Description

The Genezareth is a three-storey smock mill on a single-storey brick base. There is no stage, the sails reaching down almost to the ground. The smock and cap are thatched. The cap is winded by tailpole and winch. The sails are Common sails, they have a span of 15.92 metres (52 ft 3 in). The sails are carried on a cast-iron windshaft, which was cast by H J Koening of Foxham, Groningen in 1900. The windshaft carries the brake wheel, which has 47 cogs. This drives the wallower (25 cogs) at the top of the upright shaft. At the bottom of the upright shaft, a crown wheel with 35 cogs drives a gear with 35 cogs on the axle of the Archimedes' screw. The axle of the Archimedes' screw is 340 millimetres (13¼ in) diameter. The Archimedes' screw is 1.29 metres (4 ft 3 in) diameter and 3.86 metres (12 ft 8 in) long. It is inclined at an angle of 17½°. Each revolution of the Archimedes' screw lifts 600 litres (130 imp gal) of water.

## Public access

The Genezareth is open to the public by appointment, or if it is working.
# Satyapal Singh Saini

Satyapal Singh Saini is a member of the Bharatiya Janata Party and has won the 2014 Indian general elections from the Sambhal (Lok Sabha constituency). In 2020 he became the BJP Vice President of Uttar Pradesh and Member of the Legislative Council (MLC) from Moradabad - Bijnor in 2022.
# Manitoban elk

The Manitoban elk (Cervus canadensis manitobensis) is a subspecies of elk found in the Midwestern United States (specifically North Dakota) and southern regions of the Canadian Prairies (specifically Manitoba, Saskatchewan, and north-central Alberta). In 2001–2002, a breeding population of 52 Manitoban elk was also introduced into the Cataloochee valley of the Great Smoky Mountains National Park in North Carolina to replace a population of Eastern elk which had gone extinct over 100 years prior. As of 2021, the population has grown to 150-200 individuals and has expanded their range outside of their initial protected region. In 2016, one of the elk from the North Carolina herd was spotted in South Carolina, the first time an elk had been seen in that state since the late 1700s.
Compared to the Rocky Mountain elk, it is larger in body size, but has smaller antlers. The subspecies was driven into near extinction by 1900, but has recovered since then.
The Manitoban elk's primary predator is the grey wolf. Because the elk is a non-migratory species, it cannot rely on long-distance migration to reduce the risk of predation, and therefore uses a combination of behavioral patterns, such as aggregation, movement, and vigilance, to avoid predation.

## Weight

The study of Blood and Lovaas (1966) gave the whole weights of 19 Manitoban Elk collected in Riding Mountain National Park, Manitoba. Of these, 8 were adult males and 4 were adult females. The adults males ranged in weight from 634 lbs or 287,5 kg [a 3 years 1 month old bull killed in June] to 1053 lbs or 477,6 kg [a 8 years 7 months old bull killed in December]. The mean weights of these 8 adult males was 777 lbs or 352,4 kg. However, the inclusion of the exceptionally large bull and the small sample size make this referential weight data less representative than with a bigger sample (see : Sample size determination for more details). For instance, the second largest bull measured was 165 lbs or 74,8 kg lighter than the heaviest. The 4 adult females weighed in the study had a mean weight of 606 lbs or 274,8 kg.
# Hapoel Lod F.C.

Hapoel Lod (Hebrew: הפועל לוד) was an Israeli football club based in Lod. The club spent several seasons in the top division in the 1960s and 1980s, and won the State Cup in 1984. After several relegations, they folded in 2002.

## History

The club was established in 1949. In 1963 they were promoted to Liga Leumit (then the top division) for the first time. However, in their first season in the league, they finished bottom and were relegated back to Liga Alef.
They returned to Liga Leumit in 1983, finishing seventh in their first season back in the top division, and reaching the State Cup final for the first time. In the final they beat Hapoel Be'er Sheva 3–2 on penalties after a 0–0 draw.
The club was relegated back the second tier at the end of the 1984–85 season, in which they finished second from bottom. The following season they finished third in Liga Artzit (then the second division) and made an immediate return to Liga Leumit.
In 1986–87 Hapoel finished fourth, their highest ever league position. However, the following season they finished second bottom and were relegated again. In 1989–90 they finished bottom of Liga Artzit and were relegated to Liga Alef.
They returned to Liga Artzit in 1997, but in 1998–99 finished 14th, and were due to be relegated to the third tier. However, after their budget was not approved by Israel Football Association, the club was demoted a further division, to Liga Alef. At the end of the 2001–02 season the club were relegated to Liga Bet, and folded.
A new club, Hapoel Maxim Lod was established soon afterwards (named after a former Lod mayor, Maxim Levy). In 2006 the new club won the South B division of Liga Bet, and in 2007 won the South Division of Liga Alef to earn promotion to Liga Artzit. However, the new club folded in the summer of 2007 and Hapoel Kfar Shalem were promoted in their place.

## Honours
### League

| Honour | No. | Years |
| Second tier | 1 | 1981–82 |
| Third tier | 3 | 1959–60, 1961–62, 1996–97 |
| Fourth tier | 3 | 1955–56, 1976–77, 2006–07$^1$ |
| Fifth tier | 1 | 2005–06$^1$ |
| Sixth tier | 1 | 2004–05$^1$ |
$^1$Achieved by Hapoel Maxim Lod

### Cup competitions

| Honour | No. | Years |
| State Cup | 1 | 1983–84 |
| Super Cup | 1 | 1984 |

## Notable former players

* Vicky Peretz (1953–2021)
# Saint-Barthélemy-le-Meil

Saint-Barthélemy-le-Meil (French pronunciation:; Occitan: Sant Bartomieu Amelh) is a commune in the Ardèche department in southern France.
# Electoral district of Nepean (New South Wales)

Nepean was an electoral district of the Legislative Assembly in the Australian state of New South Wales, originally created in 1859, and named after the Nepean River. It was abolished in 1904 due to the re-distribution of electorates following the 1903 New South Wales referendum, which required the number of members of the Legislative Assembly to be reduced from 125 to 90. Nepean was recreated in 1927 and abolished again in 1981.

## Members for Nepean

First incarnation (1859–1904) :
| Member | Member | Party | Term |
| | Robert Jamison | None | 1859–1860 |
| | James Ryan | None | 1860–1872 |
| | Joseph Single | None | 1872–1874 |
| | Patrick Shepherd | None | 1874–1877 |
| | Thomas Smith | None | 1877–1887 |
| | Samuel Lees | Free Trade | 1887–1895 |
| | Thomas Smith | Protectionist | 1895–1898 |
| | Samuel Lees | Free Trade | 1898–1901 |
| | Thomas Smith | Progressive | 1901–1904 |
| Second incarnation (1927–1981) ||||
| Member | Member | Party | Term |
| | Joseph Jackson | Nationalist | 1927–1931 |
| | Joseph Jackson | United Australia | 1931–1944 |
| | Joseph Jackson | Independent | 1944–1945 |
| | Joseph Jackson | Liberal | 1945–1956 |
| | Bill Chapman | Liberal | 1956–1962 |
| | Alfred Bennett | Labor | 1962–1965 |
| | Ron Dunbier | Liberal | 1965–1971 |
| | Ron Mulock | Labor | 1971–1973 |
| | Ron Rofe | Liberal | 1973–1978 |
| | Peter Anderson | Labor | 1978–1981 |

## Election results

1978 New South Wales state election: Nepean :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | Labor | Peter Anderson | 20,720 | 56.1 | +5.0 |
| | Liberal | Ron Rofe | 14,466 | 39.2 | -5.7 |
| | Democrats | Ronald Edwards | 1,752 | 4.7 | +4.7 |
| Total formal votes | Total formal votes | Total formal votes | 36,938 | 98.4 | −0.3 |
| Informal votes | Informal votes | Informal votes | 602 | 1.6 | +0.3 |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 37,540 | 93.6 | +0.1 |
| Two-party-preferred result ||||||
| | Labor | Peter Anderson | 21,596 | 58.5 | +10.8 |
| | Liberal | Ron Rofe | 15,342 | 41.5 | -10.8 |
| | Labor gain from Liberal | Labor gain from Liberal | Swing | +10.8 | |
# Nowbast

Nowbast (Persian: نوبست) is a village in Qaleh Qazi Rural District, Qaleh Qazi District, Bandar Abbas County, Hormozgan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 223, in 45 families.
# Henry Egerton

Henry Egerton (10 February 1689 – 1 April 1746) was a British clergyman from the Egerton family. He was Bishop of Hereford between 1723 and his death in 1746.

## Life

Egerton was a younger son of John Egerton, 3rd Earl of Bridgewater, by his second wife Lady Jane, daughter of Charles Paulet, 1st Duke of Bolton. Scroop Egerton, 1st Duke of Bridgewater, was his elder brother. He was educated at Eton College (1706 – 1707) and New College, Oxford, matriculating in 1707. He studied civil law at Oxford, graduating BCL in 1712 and DCL in 1717.
He was ordained deacon in 1712 in Christ Church, Oxford and afterwards priested and presented to two family benefices in the Yorkshire villages of Dunnington and Settrington. In 1716 he became canon of Christ Church. He exchanged his Yorkshire parishes for two other family livings in north Shropshire, Whitchurch and Myddle. He also became deputy to the clerk of the closet in 1719, giving it up in 1723 when, after having been recommended for the vacant post of Bishop of Hereford by Edmund Gibson, Bishop of London and Robert Walpole's chief ecclesiastical adviser, he was consecrated at Lambeth Palace on 2 February 1724. He was allowed to retain the Shropshire livings in commendam with the bishopric until his death. He was given the sinecure of Clerk of the Closet in 1737, a post he held until his death in 1746.

## Family

Egerton married on 18 December 1720 Lady Elizabeth Adriana, daughter of William Bentinck, 1st Earl of Portland. Their son the Right Reverend John Egerton became Bishop of Durham and was the father of the seventh and eighth Earls of Bridgewater. Egerton died in April 1746 aged 57 and was buried in the chancel at St James, Westminster, on 5 April 1746. Lady Elizabeth survived him by almost twenty years and died in 1765.
Henry Egerton and Elizabeth Adriana Bentinck had six children:
* John Egerton, Bishop of Durham
* William Egerton MP for Brackley
* Henry Egerton
* Lt. Col. Charles Egerton
* Francis Egerton (born 20 December 1737)
* Anne Egerton