OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Keser Torah Radomsk

Keser Torah Radomsk (Hebrew: כתר תורה רדומסק), also transliterated Keter Torah Radomsk, is the name of yeshivas and kollels in Israel and the United States affiliated with the Radomsk Hasidic dynasty. The name was originally coined for a network of 36 yeshivas in pre-war Poland founded by the fourth Radomsker rebbe, Shlomo Chanoch Rabinowicz, and led by his son-in-law David Moshe Rabinowicz.

## Establishment in Poland

In 1926 Shlomo Chanoch Rabinowicz announced his plan for a network of Radomsker yeshivas.
Soon afterwards eight yeshivas were opened in Będzin, Podgórze, Chrzanów, Wolbrom, Oświęcim, Częstochowa, Łódź and Kraków. In Sosnowiec Rabinowicz also founded Kibbutz Govoha, a high-level study group exclusively for advanced students and avreichim (married students). He appointed his son-in-law and first cousin, David Moshe Rabinowicz to head it. He also served as rosh yeshiva of the Keser Torah network.
By 1930, nine yeshivas and the kibbutz were functioning. On the eve of World War II there were 36 Keser Torah yeshivas enrolling over 4,000 students in Poland.
Though Hasidic in nature, the yeshivas did not promote Radomsker Hasidism, nor were students and staff exclusively Radomsker Hasidim. (In Sosnowiec, for example, the rosh yeshiva was a Ger Hasid.) Each yeshiva had its own rosh yeshiva and initially studied its own masechta (section of the Talmud); later, all the yeshivas studied the same masechta at the same time.
With the German invasion of Poland in 1939, the yeshivas disbanded. Shlomo and David Rabinowicz were both imprisoned in the Warsaw Ghetto. Shlomo Rabinowicz and his family, including his only daughter and son-in-law and their infant son, were murdered by Nazis who shot them to death on 1 August 1942.

## Rebirth in Israel

After World War II, Radomsker Hasidim and Keser Torah yeshiva students who had survived the Holocaust founded Kollel Keser Torah in Bnei Brak, Israel. In 1965 they asked Menachem Shlomo Bornsztain, son of the Sochatchover rebbe and a nephew of David Moshe Rabinowicz, to head the kollel. Bornsztain, who became known as the Sochatchover-Radomsker rebbe, died in an automobile accident in 1969. After Bornsztain's death, his eldest son, Shmuel Bornsztain, became head of Kollel Keser Torah.

## Locations

* Bnei Brak, Israel: Kollel Keser Torah opened in the 1940s.
* Jerusalem, Israel: Yeshiva Gedola Keser Torah Radomsk opened in the Bayit Vegan neighborhood in 1996. Like its namesake in pre-war Poland, the yeshiva includes a kibbutz govoha (high-level study group) for advanced students and avreichim (married students).
* Lakewood, New Jersey: Kollel Keser Torah Radomsk, an evening kollel, opened in 2000.
* Montreal, Canada: Kollel Keser Torah Radomsk opened in 1986. Its founding president was Pinhas Hirschprung, the Chief Rabbi of Montreal.
# Embassy of the United Kingdom, Vilnius

The Embassy of the United Kingdom in Vilnius is the chief diplomatic mission of the United Kingdom in Lithuania. The embassy is located on Antakalnio Street, opposite the St Peter and St Paul Church. The current British Ambassador to Lithuania is Brian Olley. The embassy also represents the British Overseas Territories in Lithuania.
The building is listed on the Lithuanian Register of Cultural Property.

## History

Between the First and Second World Wars the temporary capital of Lithuania was the city of Kaunas and the United Kingdom maintained a diplomatic representation there. The UK never recognised de jure the Soviet annexation of Lithuania in 1940.
The UK recognised Lithuania's restored independence on 27 August 1991. The British Embassy opened in Vilnius in October 1991 and moved to its current location on Antakalnio Street in April 1994. As well as the embassy in Vilnius, the UK also has an honorary consulate in Klaipėda.
# Nec temere, nec timide

Nec temere, nec timide is a Latin phrase that translates to 'Neither rashly nor timidly'. Its exact origin is unknown although Aristotle in Ethica Nicomachea, Book III, mentions, along with other examples, that the virtuous man is not temerarious nor timorous, but courageous. It is best known as the motto of the Dano-Norwegian naval hero Niels Juel, who supposedly used it first at the dawn of July 1, 1677, just before the Battle of Køge Bay.
The phrase has been used as a motto by armigerous families Bent, Buckley and Sherbourne, as well as individuals including the Williams-Bulkeley baronets and Charles Western, 1st Baron Western.
Today, it is used as a motto by various institutions, including:
* The Royal Danish Naval Academy
* The former English borough of Oswestry, in Shropshire
* The Dutch air assault brigade 11th Airmobile Brigade (Netherlands).
* Appleby College
* Cottrell Old Yankee Ale
* The Michigan Exploration Laboratory
* The Royal Quebec Golf Club
* The Bulkeley Hotel, Beaumaris
* National Paramount Services, LLP, US
* The city of Gdańsk
* Free City of Danzig, 1920–1939
* Free City of Danzig Government in Exile
# Pyxari

Download coordinates as:
* KML
* GPX (all coordinates)
* GPX (primary coordinates)
* GPX (secondary coordinates)
Pyxari or Pixari (Greek: Πυξάρι) is a rock in the Meteora rock formation complex of Thessaly, Greece. Pyxari is located at the southwestern edge of the Meteora rock complex.

## Monasteries and hermitages

The rock has cave hermitages perched on cliffs, which were formerly inhabited by Christian ascetics.
The Monastery of St. Anthony (Agiou Antoniou, Αγίου Αντωνίου) was built around the 14th century on the south side of Pyxari Rock. Only a small church has survived from the monastery (39°42′44″N 21°37′18″E﻿ / ﻿39.712166°N 21.621643°E﻿ / 39.712166; 21.621643﻿ (Monastery of St. Anthony)). It is located just to the east of the Monastery of Saint Gregory the Theologian.
The historic Cell of Constantius (Κελί του Κωνστάντιου) (39°42′51″N 21°37′30″E﻿ / ﻿39.7142225°N 21.6249977°E﻿ / 39.7142225; 21.6249977﻿ (Cell of Constantius)) is located to the northeast of Pyxari Rock.
Other hermitages or monasteries at Pyxari include:
* Hermitage of Saint Gregory the Theologian [bg] (Ασκηταριά Αγίου Γρηγορίου του Θεολόγου) (39°42′45″N 21°37′18″E﻿ / ﻿39.7123978°N 21.6215300°E﻿ / 39.7123978; 21.6215300﻿ (Hermitage of Saint Gregory the Theologian))
* Monastery of Chrysostomos
# Khvorchah, Bandar Abbas

Khvorchah (Persian: خورچاه, also Romanized as Khvorchāh and Khūr Chāh) is a village in Qaleh Qazi Rural District, Qaleh Qazi District, Bandar Abbas County, Hormozgan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 664, in 140 families.
# Sentry Island

Sentry Island (Arvia'juaq) is one of several Canadian Arctic islands in Nunavut, Canada, within western Hudson Bay. The closest community is Arviat, 13.7 km (8.5 mi) to the west.
The island forms part of the Arvia'juaq and Qikiqtaarjuk National Historic Site and a Caribou (Paallirmiut) Inuit summer camp site. Sentry Island is a popular place for fishing and hunting.

## History

The island served as a rest stop for Henry Hudson and his crew during his ill-fated journeys to find the Northwest Passage in 1610–1611.
On July 3, 2018, a man from Arviat was killed in a rare polar bear attack on the island. The man was on the island with his children when the polar bear approached them and attacked, killing 31-year-old Aaron Gibbons. The bear was killed by two others who were also in the area.
# Colotis euippe

Colotis euippe is a butterfly of the family Pieridae that is found in the Afrotropical realm.

## Description

The wingspan is 35–45 mm. The adults fly year-round.
Adults in Witsand offer reduced black markings in their summer forms, differing from specimens from other regions.

## Habitat and behavior

The larvae feed on Maerua, Capparis, Cadaba, and Boscia species.

## Subspecies

The following subspecies are recognised:
* C. e. euippe (Linnaeus, 1758) – round-winged orange tip (southern Senegal, Gambia, Guinea-Bissau, Guinea, Sierra Leone, Liberia, Ivory Coast, Ghana, Burkina Faso, Togo, Benin, Nigeria, Cameroon, Chad, Central African Republic, Democratic Republic of the Congo, northern Angola)
* C. e. mediata Talbot, 1939 (Democratic Republic of the Congo, Zambia, northern and western Zimbabwe)
* C. e. omphale (Godart, 1819) – smoky orange tip (Democratic Republic of the Congo, Kenya, Tanzania, Malawi, Mozambique, Zimbabwe, Botswana, Namibia, South Africa, Eswatini, Lesotho, Comoros)
* C. e. complexivus (Butler, 1886) (Uganda, Kenya, Tanzania, southern Somalia)
* C. e. exole (Reiche, 1850) (southern Sudan, southern Ethiopia, Somalia, south-western Saudi Arabia, Yemen)
* C. e. mirei Bernardi, 1960 (Tibesti Mountains in Chad)
* C. e. euippe, male Shai Hills Resource Reserve, Ghana
* C. e. complexivus, male Semliki Wildlife Reserve, Uganda
* C. e. omphale male, iSimangaliso Wetland Park, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
* C. e. omphale female, Maputo National Park, Mozambique

## Life cycle gallery

* Larva on Capparis sepiaria
* Larva
* Larva pupating
* Pupa
* Recently hatched from pupa
* Opening wings
* Wings open
* Underside
# Surovikino

Surovikino (Russian: Сурови́кино) is a town and the administrative center of Surovikinsky District in Volgograd Oblast, Russia, located at the confluence of the Chir and Don Rivers (Tsimlyansk Reservoir), 154 kilometers (96 mi) west of Volgograd, the administrative center of the oblast. Population: 20,533 (2010 Census); 20,338 (2002 Census); 18,336 (1989 Soviet census).

## History

It was founded as a settlement around the Surovikino railway station, which opened in 1900. It was granted town status in 1966.
On August 23, 2024, Islamic State militants detained at a penal colony in the town seized control of the prison where they were being held, killing four guards and taking others hostage before being shot by responding FSB forces.

## Administrative and municipal status

Within the framework of administrative divisions, Surovikino serves as the administrative center of Surovikinsky District. As an administrative division, it is incorporated within Surovikinsky District as the town of district significance of Surovikino. As a municipal division, the town of district significance of Surovikino is incorporated within Surovikinsky Municipal District as Surovikino Urban Settlement.
# Audea irioleuca

Audea irioleuca is a moth of the family Erebidae. It is found in Australia, where it has been recorded from Queensland and the Northern Territory.
# Batrachedra tarsimaculata

Batrachedra tarsimaculata is a moth in the family Batrachedridae. It is found in the West Indies.
# Singapore Trade Office in Taipei

25°02′18″N 121°32′52″E﻿ / ﻿25.03833°N 121.54778°E﻿ / 25.03833; 121.54778
The Singapore Trade Office in Taipei (Chinese: 新加坡駐臺北商務辦事處; pinyin: Xīnjiāpō Zhù Táiběi Shāngwù Bànshì Chù; Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Sin-ka-pho chù Tâi-pak Siong-bū Pān-sū-chhù) is the representative office of Singapore in Taiwan located in Da'an District, Taipei, Taiwan.
It was first established in 1979 as the Trade Representative Office, before adopting its present name in 1990.
Its counterpart body in Singapore is the Taipei Representative Office in Singapore.

## Mission

To safeguard the interests of Singaporeans visiting, living, studying and working in Taiwan, and to promote economic and cultural links between Singapore and Taiwan.

## Transportation

The office is accessible within walking distance south west of Zhongxiao Dunhua Station of the Taipei Metro.
# 54th Infantry Division (Russian Empire)

The 54th Infantry Division (Russian: 54-я пехотная дивизия, 54-ya Pekhotnaya Diviziya) was an infantry formation of the Russian Imperial Army.

## Organization

* 1st Brigade
** 213th Infantry Regiment
** 214th Infantry Regiment
* 2nd Brigade
** 215th Infantry Regiment
** 216th Infantry Regiment
* 54th Artillery Brigade
# Fall From Grace (Amanda Marshall song)

"Fall From Grace" is the third single of Canadian pop-rock singer Amanda Marshall from her eponymous debut album (1995).

## Description

The song was written by American songwriters Marc Jordan and Kim Bullard and produced by David Tyson. The single was released in 1996 and reached the top 20 in Canada and also charted in Australia and Germany. In addition, the single reached number two on Canadian Adult Contemporary Radio.
# Vladimir Parvatkin

Vladimir Parvatkin (born 10 October 1984) is a Russian racewalker. He competed in the men's 20 kilometres walk at the 2004 Summer Olympics.
# Cascavel Airport

Regional West Airport, previously named Coronel Adalberto Mendes da Silva Airport (IATA: CAC, ICAO: SBCA), is the airport serving Cascavel, Brazil.
It is operated by Transitar, the semi-independent transportation authority of Cascavel, indirectly related to the Municipality of Cascavel, and under the supervision of Aeroportos do Paraná (SEIL).

## History

The airport was commissioned on November 12, 1977.
Since January 29, 2013, the airport has operated with a 1,780m × 45m runway. The expansion from its previous 1,615m × 30m size to the current dimensions was necessary due to the steady increase in the airport's traffic.
Ongoing projects at the airport are the installation of the precision approach path indicator as well as a new improved fire station, which will raise the safety category to CAT 5.
A new passenger terminal with 6.018,38 m$^2$ opened in 2020.
As of the beginning of 2023, the official name of the airport was changed from Coronel Adalberto Mendes da Silva Airport to Regional West Airport.

## Airlines and destinations

| Airlines | Destinations |
| Azul Brazilian Airlines | Campinas, Curitiba Seasonal: Maceió, Natal |
| Gol Linhas Aéreas | São Paulo–Guarulhos |
| LATAM Brasil | São Paulo–Guarulhos |

## Access

The airport is located 8 km (5 mi) southwest of downtown Cascavel.
# Gennaro Ursino

Gennaro Ursino (1650–1715) was an Italian composer and teacher. He was senior teacher at the Conservatorio della Pietà dei Turchini from 1675 to 1705. His teachers included Giovanni Salvatore (ca. 1610–1688), and his students included Gaetano Greco, phonemes and others.
# Proteinoplast

Proteinoplasts (sometimes called proteoplasts, aleuroplasts, and aleuronaplasts) are specialized organelles found only in plant cells. Proteinoplasts belong to a broad category of organelles known as plastids. Plastids are specialized double-membrane organelles found in plant cells. Plastids perform a variety of functions such as metabolism of energy, and biological reactions. There are multiple types of plastids recognized including Leucoplasts, Chromoplasts, and Chloroplasts. Plastids are broken up into different categories based on characteristics such as size, function and physical traits. Chromoplasts help to synthesize and store large amounts of carotenoids. Chloroplasts are photosynthesizing structures that help to make light energy for the plant. Leucoplasts are a colorless type of plastid which means that no photosynthesis occurs here. The colorless pigmentation of the leucoplast is due to not containing the structural components of thylakoids unlike what is found in chloroplasts and chromoplasts that gives them their pigmentation. From leucoplasts stems the subtype, proteinoplasts, which contain proteins for storage. They contain crystalline bodies of protein and can be the sites of enzyme activity involving those proteins. Proteinoplasts are found in many seeds, such as brazil nuts, peanuts and pulses. Although all plastids contain high concentrations of protein, proteinoplasts were identified in the 1960s and 1970s as having large protein inclusions that are visible with both light microscopes and electron microscopes. Other subtypes of Leucoplasts include amyloplast, and elaioplasts. Amyloplasts help to store and synthesize starch molecules found in plants, while elaioplasts synthesize and store lipids in plant cells.
# Nicholas Bachynsky (politician)

Nicholas Volodymir (Val) Bachynsky (September 16, 1887 in Eastern Galicia – August 14, 1969) was a politician in Manitoba, Canada. He served in the Legislative Assembly of Manitoba from 1922 to 1958, and was Speaker of the Assembly for most of Douglas Campbell's administration.
Bachynsky came to Canada in 1904 and to Manitoba in 1909. He was educated in Galicia. Bachynsky attended teacher's college in Brandon and worked as a teacher before entering politics. In 1920, he married Julia Wlasinuk.
He was first elected to the Manitoba legislature in the 1922 provincial election. Campaigning as a member of the United Farmers of Manitoba, he defeated the incumbent member, independent Henry L. Mabb, by a margin of 581 votes to 354 in the constituency of Fisher. After the election, the UFM formed government as the Progressive Party, and Bachynsky became a backbench supporter of John Bracken's administration.
Bachynsky again defeated Mabb, who was by this time identifying himself as a Conservative, in the 1927 election. He was again returned with comfortable margins in the elections of 1932 and 1936, now identifying himself as a Liberal-Progressive after an alliance between the province's Liberal and Progressive parties.
Bachnysky faced a more difficult challenge in the 1941 election, defeating pro-government independent L.W. Michalchuk by just thirty-three votes. He again defeated Michalchuk, then a CCF candidate, in the 1945 election by 121 votes.
Bachynsky was returned without difficulty in the elections of 1949 and 1953. After serving twenty-eight years as a backbencher, he was appointed Speaker of Legislature by Premier Douglas Campbell on November 7, 1950.
Bachynsky had difficulty concealing his dislike of the CCF backbench, and once expressed his sympathy to CCF leader Seymour Farmer for putting up with this "bunch of wild broncos". Lloyd Stinson, who became leader of the Manitoba CCF in 1952, claimed Bachynsky was "such a volatile, vociferous orator that he was temperamentally unsuited to be an impartial moderator". Stinson also claims that Bachynsky consistently ruled against the CCF on procedural matters after becoming speaker.
After thirty-six years in the legislature, Bachynsky lost the Fisher constituency by 56 votes to CCF candidate Peter Wagner in the 1958 provincial election.
He died on his farm in Poplarfield in 1969.
# Estunand

Estunand (Persian: استونند, also Romanized as Estūnand; also known as Estānend, Estānīd, and Stānind) is a village in Neh Rural District, in the Central District of Nehbandan County, South Khorasan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 99, in 35 families.
# Šmartno, Brda

Šmartno (pronounced; Italian: San Martino del Collio or San Martino di Quisca) is a village in the Municipality of Brda in the Littoral region of Slovenia. The entire village has been declared a cultural heritage monument.
The village is located in the geographical center of the Gorizia Hills, on a hill and surrounded by defensive walls. Its history dates back to Roman times, and the village was first mentioned as Sanctus Martinus in 1317.
The parish church, from which the settlement also gets its name, is dedicated to Saint Martin and belongs to the Koper Diocese.
# The New Times (magazine)

The New Times (Russian: Новое Время, tr. Novoe Vremya) is a Russian language magazine in Russia. The magazine was founded in 1943. The magazine is a liberal, independent Russian weekly news magazine, publishing for Russia and Armenia. (During the Soviet times it was a multi-language political magazine which followed the official party line.) Its chief editor is Russian investigative journalist, political scientist, writer and radio host Yevgenia Albats.
The magazine contains articles on politics, economics, social life and journalist investigations. Columnists provide the readers with their opinions regarding recent news and events.
In 2017 the magazine ceased its print publication and became an online-only publication.
After an interview of Yevgenia Albats with opposition politician Alexei Navalny, aired on Echo of Moscow, The New Times faced a 22 million ruble fine in October 2018. The fine amount (almost $370,000) was crowd-funded in four days.
On 28 February 2022, Roskomnadzor blocked the website of the channel for its coverage of the Russian invasion of Ukraine. Editor Yevgenia Albats fled Russia in October to avoid persecution.
# Khovrino District

Khovrino District (Russian: райо́н Хо́врино) is an administrative district (raion), one of the sixteen in Northern Administrative Okrug of the federal city of Moscow, Russia. It is located along the Likhoborka River. The area is 5.727 square kilometres (2.211 sq mi) As of the 2010 Census, the total population of the district was 80,792.

## History

The name of the district comes from that of a former village, known since the 15th century as an estate of a Surozh prince Stefan Gabras nicknamed "Khovra" (hence the name). In the late 19th century, Khovrino was owned by the Grachyov family of manufacturers. In 1960, Khovrino was engulfed by Moscow.

## Municipal status

As a municipal division, it is incorporated as Khovrino Municipal Okrug.

## Landmarks

* Hovrinskaya Hospital (1985-2018)
# Walter Diemer

Walter E. Diemer (January 8, 1905 – January 8, 1998) was an American accountant who, in 1928, invented bubble gum.

## Life

Born and raised in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, Diemer was working as an accountant at Fleer in 1926 when the company president sought to cut costs by making their own gum base. The company's founder, Frank Fleer, had previously made a batch of bubble gum in 1906 which he called Blibber-Blubber, but it was too sticky and easily broke. Ultimately, the modern form of bubble gum was invented in 1928 in Philadelphia and has remained his greatest achievement.
Although an accountant by trade, Diemer liked to experiment with gum recipes in his spare time. In doing so, he accidentally stumbled upon a unique recipe. The gum was pink because it was the only food coloring in the factory, which is the reason most bubble gum today is pink.
Compared to standard chewing gum, the gum was less sticky, would not stick to the face, and yet stretched more easily. Diemer saw the possibilities, and using a salt water taffy wrapping machine, wrapped one hundred pieces of his creation to test market in a local mom-and-pop candy store. Priced at one penny a piece, the gum sold out in one day.
Fleer began marketing the new gum as "Dubble Bubble" and Diemer himself taught salesmen how to blow bubbles as a selling point for the gum, helping them to demonstrate how Dubble Bubble differed from all other chewing gums. Sold at the price of one cent a piece, sales of Dubble Bubble surpassed US$1.5 million in the first year. However, Diemer did not patent his invention and competition soon arose as bubble gum became a popular and inexpensive treat during the Great Depression.
According to his second wife, Florence, Walter Diemer never received royalties for his invention but he did not mind. She also said he oversaw construction of bubble gum plants in Philadelphia and Barcelona, Spain, and traveled around the world marketing the gum. He stayed with Fleer for decades, eventually reaching the position of senior vice president as well as a member of the Board of Directors of the Fleer Corporation. He retired in 1970, and remained on the board for 15 more years thereafter. Following the death of his first wife Adelaide in 1990, Diemer rode around his Pennsylvania retirement village in a big tricycle, distributing bubble gum to children.
Diemer died of congestive heart failure in Lancaster, Pennsylvania, on his 93rd birthday. Saturday Night Live joked that his body was found stuck under a movie theatre seat.