OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Hackney Carriages, Metropolis Act 1838

The Hackney Carriages, Metropolis Act 1838 (1 & 2 Vict. c. 79) regulated and set up a licensing system for hackney carriages in London, namely the Office of the Registrar of Metropolitan Public Carriages
It was updated by the London Hackney Carriages Act 1850, (13 & 14 Vict. c. 7) granted royal assent on 25 March 1850 and taking effect from 5 April 1850. That abolished the office of Registrar and instead added his duties to those of the Commissioners (later Commissioner) of Police for the Metropolis, head of the Metropolitan Police (later expanded or delegated to an Assistant Commissioner by the Metropolitan Police Act 1856), effectively creating the Public Carriage Office, which remained within the Metropolitan Police until 2000 when it was taken over by Transport for London.
The 1850 Act also provided retiring allowances for clerks and officers who lost their job due to the abolition of the office of Registrar, enabled the Commissioners to set up taxi ranks or "standings", repealed any extant provisions on "standings" in Acts prior to the London Hackney Carriages Act 1843 and maintained the Bloomsbury Square Act 1806's ban on hackney coaches in or near Bloomsbury Square.
# Nenad Jezdić

Nenad Jezdić (Serbian Cyrillic: Ненад Јездић; born 12 July 1972) is a Serbian actor. He appeared in more than fifty films since 1993, such as Barking at the Stars (1998), The Dagger (1999), Frozen Stiff (2002), Black Gruya and the Stone of Wisdom (2007).

## Selected filmography

| Year | Title | Role |
| 1994 | Ni na nebu ni na zemlji | Vlada |
| 1998 | Tri palme za dve bitange i ribicu | Pendula |
| 1998 | Barking at the Stars | Servuz |
| 1999 | The Dagger | |
| 2002 | Frozen Stiff | Lemi |
| 2005–2006 | Dollars are coming | Živorad Živanović |
| 2006–2012 | White ship | Blagoje Pantić |
| 2007 | Black Gruya and the Stone of Wisdom | Black Gruya |
| 2008 | Tears for Sale | |
| 2017 | Enclave | Bus driver |
| 2017 | Shadows over Balkan | Krojač (Tailor) |
# Marina Petrova

Marina Gmizić, better known as Marina Petrova,(born February 6, 1939) is a Serbian film actress known for her performances in West German productions of the 1950s and 1960s such as Das Nachtlokal zum Silbermond [de].
She retired from acting following her marriage to Roy Jenson. Their son is actor Sasha Jenson.

## Selected filmography

* The Street (1958)
* Endangered Girls (1958)
* The Blue Moth (1959)
* Das Nachtlokal zum Silbermond [de] (1959)
* Oriental Nights (1960)
* Der rote Rausch (1962)
# Strange Girl (film)

Strange Girl (Serbian Cyrillic: Чудна девојка) is a 1962 Yugoslav drama film directed by Jovan Živanović [sr].

## Cast

* Špela Rozin - Minja
* Voja Mirić - Nenad
* Zoran Radmilović - Pedja
* Ljubiša Jocić - Profesor slikanja
* Dragoš Kalajić - Boba
# Dušan Janićijević (actor)

Dušan Janićijević (27 April 1932 – 5 July 2011) was a Serbian actor. He appeared in more than one hundred films from 1954 to 2011.

## Filmography

| Year | Title |
| 1968 | U raskoraku |
| 1968 | The Tough Ones |
| 1969 | The Bridge |
| 1977 | The Dog Who Loved Trains |
| 1977 | Operation Stadium |
| 1978 | Moment |
| 1983 | Body Scent |
| 1983 | Great Transport |
# Simha Flapan

Simha Flapan (Hebrew: שמחה פלפן; 27 January 1911 – 13 April 1987) was an Israeli historian and politician. He is known for his book The Birth of Israel: Myths And Realities, published in the year of his death.

## Biography

Simha Flapan was born in Tomaszów Mazowiecki, Congress Poland. He died on 13 April 1987 in Israel.

## Political activism

Flapan was National Secretary of the left Zionist Mapam party, and the director of its Arab Affairs department from 1959 to the mid-1970s; he also edited New Outlook magazine—a non-party monthly that promoted Arab-Jewish rapprochement.

## Views and opinions

Flapan was one of the New Historians, a term coined by Benny Morris in the 1980s. In the preface to Zionism and the Palestinians (1979), Flapan writes:
   To dispel misunderstanding, I want to make it clear that my belief in the moral justification and historical necessity of Zionism remains unaffected by my critical reappraisal of the Zionist leadership. The history of Zionism demonstrates the extent to which the urge to create a new society, embodying the universal values of democracy and social justice, was inherent in the Zionist movement and responsible for its progress in adverse conditions. Israel's problem today lies in the disintegration of these values, due largely to the intoxication with military success and the belief that military superiority is a substitute for peace. Unless the liberal and progressive values of Zionism are restored and Palestinian rights to self-determination within a framework of peaceful coexistence are recognised, Israel's search for peace is doomed to failure. I firmly believe that these trends will ultimately become the deciding force in Israel.
Flapan's personal and professional archives are located at Yad Yaari, Hashomer Hatzair Research and Documentation Center at Givat Haviva.

## Published works

* Flapan, Simha (1979). Zionism and the Palestinians (PDF). London: Croom Helm. ISBN 0-85664-499-4.
* Flapan, Simha (1987). The Birth of Israel: Myths and Realities (PDF). New York: Pantheon Books. ISBN 0-394-55888-X.
# Thomas Hoy (poet)

Thomas Hoy (1659-1718) was an English physician and poet.

## Life

Born on 12 December 1659, he was the son of Clement Hoy of London. He was admitted to Merchant Taylors' School in 1672, and was elected a probationary fellow of St John's College, Oxford, in 1675. He graduated B.A. 1680, M.A. 1684, M.B. 1686, and M.D. 1689.
He was appointed Regius Professor of Physic at Oxford in 1698. Thomas Hearne, whose opinion of low church whig is not likely to be impartial, says that he owed his appointment to the influence of Dr. Gibbons with Lord Somers, and that he scandalously neglected the duties of his office. According to Anthony Wood he practised as a physician 'in and near the antient Borough of Warwick,' but in 1698 John Evelyn, writing from Wotton, speaks of Dr. Hoy as "a very learned, curious, and ingenious person, and our neighbour in Surrey". He was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society in December 1697.
He died, it is said, in Jamaica in or about 1718.

## Works

Besides contributing to the translations of Plutarch's Moralia, 1684, of Cornelius Nepos, 1684, and of Suetonius's Life of Tiberius, 1689, he published:
* Two essays, 'Ovid de arte Amandi, or the Art of Love,' book i., and 'Hero and Leander of Musæus from the Greek,' London, 1682.
* 'Agathocles, the Sicilian Usurper;' a poem, London, 1683.
# Florian Jenni

Florian Jenni (born 24 March 1980 in Lieli) is a Swiss chess grandmaster.
When he was five years old, he was taught to play chess by his mother and later on by his father. He was awarded the title of Grandmaster in 2003. On the March 2010 FIDE rating list his Elo rating is 2520.
Jenni, who studied economics and plays the piano in his free time, won tournaments in Lenk (2002), the Swiss Championship in Silvaplana (2003), and Winterthur (2005).
He is also a member of the Swiss National Team.
# Karl Ehrenbolger

Karl Ehrenbolger (born 13 November 1899, date of death unknown) was a Swiss football player who competed in the 1924 Summer Olympics. He was a member of the Swiss team, which won the silver medal in the football tournament.
# Avtar Singh Billing

Avtar Singh Billing (born December 13, 1952) is a Punjabi writer, novelist and story writer. He has written 8 novels, 6 short-story collections and three books on children's literature.
His novel Khali Khoohaan di Katha (The Tale of Empty Wells) won The Dhahan Prize in 2014.

## Writings
### Novels

* Naranjan Mashalchi
* Khere Sukh Vehre Sukh
* Khali Khoohaan di Katha(The Tale of Empty Wells)
* Rizak (livelihood)
* Garibi Gada Hamari (Is the biography on Gyani Amar Singh Chakar) source grandson of Gyani Amar Singh Chakar (Maheep Singh)

## Awards

* Shiromani Sahitkar - Government of Punjab
* The Dhahan Prize for novel "Khali Khoohaan di Katha" (2014)
# Puerto Rico Department of Economic Development and Commerce

The Puerto Rico Department of Economic Development and Commerce (Spanish: Departamento de Desarrollo Económico y Comercio de Puerto Rico) is the executive department of the government of Puerto Rico responsible for the economic development in the U.S. Commonwealth of Puerto Rico and all its commerce related matters.

## History

The Department of Economic Development and Commerce was created by Pedro Rosselló in 1994 as an umbrella organization under which several economic development agencies would operate in a more coordinated fashion. Its first Secretary was Luis Fortuño, who appointed its former head, José Pérez Riera, after being elected Governor in 2008.

## Agencies

Among the agencies under its jurisdiction is the Puerto Rico Industrial Development Company (PRIDCO), the Puerto Rico Tourism Company, the Puerto Rico Trade and Export Company and several smaller agencies dealing with cooperatives and horse-racing.

## Secretary

* 1994–1999: Luis Fortuño
* 2005–2006: Jorge Silva Puras
* 2007–2009: Bartolomé Gamundi
* 2009–2013: José R. Pérez Riera
* 2013–2016: Alberto Bacó Bagué
* 2017–2020: Manuel A.J. Laboy
* 2020–present: Manuel Cidre
# Macondo Awards

The Macondo Awards are given by the Colombian Academy of Cinematography Arts and Sciences (Spanish: Academia Colombiana de Artes y Ciencias Cinematográficas) to honor achievement in Colombian cinema.
The awards are given annually since 2010 by the Academy, whose members include Colombian actors, directors, producers, and industry film technicians.

## History

The first edition of the Macondo Awards was held in October 2010 at the Jorge Eliecer Gaitán Theatre. The award's name is based on Macondo, the fictional town in Gabriel García Márquez's novel, One Hundred Years of Solitude. The statuette was created by Roberto Cano and is based on the Macondo tree.

## Awards

* Best Film (Mejor Película)
* Best Documentary (Mejor Documental)
* Best Director (Mejor Director)
* Best Original Screenplay (Mejor Guión Original)
* Best Lead Actor (Mejor Actor Principal)
* Best Lead Actress (Mejor Actriz Principal)
* Best Supporting Actor (Mejor Actor de Reparto)
* Best Supporting Actress (Mejor Actriz de Reparto)
* Best Cinematography (Mejor Fotografía)
* Best Editing (Mejor Montaje)
* Best Ibero-American Film (Mejor Película Iberoamericana)
* Best Original Score (Mejor Música Original)
* Best Original Song (Mejor Canción Original)
* Best Sound Design (Mejor Sonido)
* Best Art Direction (Mejor Dirección de Arte)
* Best Costume Design (Mejor Diseño de Vestuario)
* Best Makeup (Mejor Maquillaje)
* Best Short Film (Mejor Cortometraje)
* Best Animated Film (Mejor película de Animación)
* Lifetime Award (Premio a Toda una Vida)
* Audience Award (Premio del público)

## Ceremonies

| Year | Edition | Date | Place | Categories |
| 2010 | I | 21 October | Jorge Eliécer Gaitán Theatre, Bogotá | 12 |
| 2012 | II | 22 November | Jorge Tadeo Lozano University, Bogotá | 16 |
| 2013 | III | 30 November | Teatro Mayor Julio Mario Santo Domingo, Bogotá | 16 |
| 2015 | IV | 4 December | Hotel Tequendama, Bogotá | 15 |
| 2016 | V | 18 November | Faenza Theatre, Bogotá | 16 |
| 2017 | VI | 14 December | Faenza Theatre, Bogotá | 16 |
| 2018 | VII | 17 November | Ágora Bogotá Convention Center, Bogotá | 18 |
| 2019 | VIII | 9 November | Plaza Mayor, Medellín | 18 |
| 2021 | IX | 6 December | Cinemateca Distrital, Bogotá | 18 |
| 2022 | X | 5 November | Jorge Eliécer Gaitán Theatre, Bogotá | 19 |
| 2023 | XI | 5 November | Delia Zapata Olivella National Arts Center, Bogotá | 20 |
| 2024 | XII | 3 November | Santander Theatre, Bucaramanga | 21 |
# Mustafa Kemal Atatürk Monument, Mexico City

Mustafa Kemal Atatürk Monument (Spanish: Estatua de Mustafa Kemal Atatürk) is a monument located on Paseo de la Reforma in Mexico's capital, Mexico City.

## Description

It consists of the depiction of the crescent and star on the Turkish flag with the statue of Mustafa Kemal Atatürk and made of white marble. The statue of Atatürk is 3.2 m in length and weighing approximately 1.5 tonnes.

## History

Although it was completed by Azerbaijani sculptor Səid Rüstəm in 2000 with the initiative of the Confederation of Employers' Unions of Turkey, the erection of the statue to the relevant region was delayed due to various reasons. To commemorate the 80th anniversary of the establishment of the Republic of Turkey, it was opened with a ceremony on 29 October 2003. Labor and Social Security Minister Murat Başesgioğlu, National Defence Minister Vecdi Gönül, and State Minister Güldal Akşit also attended the ceremony from Turkey.
# Mary Perkins Ryan

Mary Perkins Ryan (April 10, 1912 – October 12, 1993) was an American Catholic author, editor, and educator.

## Biography

Mary Perkins was born in 1912 in Boston to Charles Perkins and Elizabeth Ward Perkins, and was educated in New York City at Manhattanville College of the Sacred Heart. She married John Julian Ryan in 1942. Mary Perkins Ryan was the only married woman to attend the Liturgical Congress at Assisi, Italy, in 1956.

## Writings

* At Your Ease in the Catholic Church (1938, Sheed & Ward, New York), as Mary Perkins. From the front flyleaf: "This is, we believe, the first "book of etiquette for Catholics" ever published. At first glance it may seem absurd that we should need one, but have you never been puzzled by such apparently easy questions as how to address a letter to a Bishop, and how to end it? Whether it makes a difference if he is an English Bishop? Or, if you are asked to be a god-parent, do you know just what is expected of you, first at the Church, and afterwards throughout your own and your god-child's life? These and a hundred other matters are clearly and amusingly explained in this book, the subjects discussed ranging from the very simplest way to manage a Missal to what to do (and what not to do) when a Catholic doctrine or practice is attacked in your presence."
* Your Catholic Language, Latin from the Missal (1940, Sheed & Ward, New York), as Mary Perkins. From the front flyleaf: "The author of At Your Ease in the Catholic Church had the brilliant idea of teaching Catholics to read Latin by teaching them to read the Missal. The result is a grammar book like no other. Learning Latin takes on some of the excitement of a detective story and some of the excitement of a crossword puzzle: and the excitements are fruitful since you will find yourself at the end of the game At Your Ease in the Latin Tongue."
* Speaking of How to Pray (1944, Sheed & Ward, New York), as Mary Perkins. From the front flyleaf: "Mary Perkins of At Your Ease in the Catholic Church has written another deeply human and Catholic book. She shows how the Church's theology and the flower of that theology, the liturgy, can be integrated into the layman's life. She shows how rich life and prayer can become through such an integration."
* Beginning At Home: The Challenge of Christian Parenthood (1955).
* Are parochial schools the answer?: Catholic education in light of the council (1964).
* Womanhood in America: from colonial times to present (1979).

## Literature

* Ann Morrow Heekin. Reclaiming a Lost Leader: Mary Perkins Ryan, Visionary in Modern Catholic Education // Religious Education, Volume 103, 2008 - Issue 2, pp. 196-217.
* New Catholic Encyclopedia.
# Alf Bartlett

Alfred John Bartlett (7 July 1878 – 3 January 1926) was an Australian rules footballer who played for the Fitzroy Football Club in the Victorian Football League (VFL).

## Sources

* Holmesby, Russell & Main, Jim (2009). The Encyclopedia of AFL Footballers. 8th ed. Melbourne: Bas Publishing.
* Alf Bartlett's playing statistics from AFL Tables
* Alf Bartlett at AustralianFootball.com
* This Australian rules football biography of a person born in the 1870s is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
# Tsvetanka Krasteva

Tsvetanka Krasteva (born 18 August 1935) is a Bulgarian athlete. She competed in the women's shot put at the 1960 Summer Olympics.
# Muriel Martin-Harvey

Margaret Muriel de Melfort Martin-Harvey (4 October 1891 – 15 December 1988) was an English stage actress.
Martin-Harvey was born in London to actors, London-born Angelita Helena Margarita (née de Silva) and Essex-born Sir John Martin-Harvey. She made her debut in 1921 in The Bear Leadera, and later toured the United States and Australia. She also played the leading role in two silent films. Her brother was the actor Michael Martin-Harvey.
Martin-Harvey married three times. She first married Ronald Squire in August 1924; they divorced the same year. On 15 July 1926, she married actor Garry Marsh, an actor 11 years her junior. She later married Anthony Huntly-Gordon, who was the company and stage manager to the Agatha Christie thriller The Mousetrap at the Ambassadors Theatre for 21 years.
She died in London in 1988.

## Filmography

* The Answer (1916)
* The Hard Way (1916)
# P. orientalis

P. orientalis may refer to:
* Paradelma orientalis, the Brigalow scaly-foot or Queensland snake-lizard, a lizard species endemic to Australia
* Peripatopsis orientalis, the velvet worm species found in South Africa
* Phalanger orientalis, the northern common cuscus, a marsupial species native to northern New Guinea
* Phylloscopus orientalis, the Eastern Bonelli's warbler, a bird species
* Picea orientalis, the Caucasian spruce or Oriental spruce, a tree species native to the Caucasus and adjacent northeast Turkey
* Platanus orientalis, the Oriental plane, a large deciduous tree species native from the Balkans to as far east as at least Iran
* Platycladus orientalis, an evergreen coniferous tree species native to northwestern China
* Platysaurus orientalis, the Sekukhune flat lizard, a reptile species found in Africa
* Plectorhinchus orientalis, a grunt species from the Indo-Pacific
* Poecilmitis orientalis, a butterfly species endemic to South Africa
* Polybranchia orientalis, a sea slug species found in the Indian and Pacific Oceans
* Pseudanthus orientalis, a plant species in the genus Pseudanthus endemic to Australia
* Pseudomonas orientalis, a Gram-negative rod-shaped bacterium isolated from spring waters in Lebanon
* Pterocles orientalis, the black-bellied sandgrouse, a medium large bird species found in Iberia, northwest Africa, the Canary Islands, Turkey, Iran, Cyprus and Israel

## Synonyms

* Psalidoprocne orientalis, a synonym for Psalidoprocne pristoptera, the black saw-wing or black rough-winged swallow, a small passerine bird species
* Pyralis orientalis, a synonym for Pyralis farinalis, the meal moth, a cosmopolitan moth species
# Nakhon Thai district

Nakhon Thai (Thai: นครไทย, pronounced) is a district (amphoe) in the eastern part of Phitsanulok province, central Thailand.

## Geography

Neighboring districts are (from the southwest clockwise), Wang Thong and Chat Trakan of Phitsanulok Province; Na Haeo and Dan Sai of Loei province; and Khao Kho of Phetchabun province.
Phu Hin Rong Kla National Park is in Nakhon Thai District.
Nakhon Thai lies within the Nan Basin, which is part of the Chao Phraya Watershed. The Khwae Noi River flows through the district, as well as the lesser Fia (Thai: ลำน้ำเฟี้ย) and Kaem (Thai: ลำน้ำแขม) Rivers.

## Administration
### Provincial administration

Nakhon Thai is divided into 11 sub-districts (tambons), which are further subdivided into 145 administrative villages (mubans).
| No. | Name | Thai | Villages | Pop. | Households |
| 01. | Nong Kathao | หนองกะท้าว | 27 | 16,384 | 6,058 |
| 02. | Noen Phoem | เนินเพิ่ม | 19 | 13,467 | 4,612 |
| 03. | Ban Yaeng | บ้านแยง | 13 | 10,235 | 4,763 |
| 04. | Nakhon Thai | นครไทย | 13 | 09,278 | 4,155 |
| 05. | Na Bua | นาบัว | 15 | 07,828 | 2,538 |
| 06. | Bo Pho | บ่อโพธิ์ | 13 | 06,976 | 2,301 |
| 07. | Huai Hia | ห้วยเฮี้ย | 10 | 06,855 | 2,453 |
| 08. | Ban Phrao | บ้านพร้าว | 10 | 06,251 | 2,187 |
| 09. | Yang Klon | ยางโกลน | 10 | 04,979 | 1,389 |
| 010. | Nakhon Chum | นครชุม | 08 | 03,072 | 1,002 |
| 011. | Nam Kum | น้ำกุ่ม | 07 | 02,447 | 0765 |

### Local administration

There are two sub-district municipalities (thesaban tambons) in the district:
* Nakhon Thai (Thai: เทศบาลตำบลนครไทย) consisting of sub-district Nakhon Thai.
* Ban Yaeng (Thai: เทศบาลตำบลบ้านแยง) consisting of sub-district Ban Yaeng.
There are nine sub-district administrative organizations (SAO) in the district:
* Nong Kathao (Thai: องค์การบริหารส่วนตำบลหนองกะท้าว) consisting of sub-district Nong Kathao.
* Noen Phoem (Thai: องค์การบริหารส่วนตำบลเนินเพิ่ม) consisting of sub-district Noen Phoem.
* Na Bua (Thai: องค์การบริหารส่วนตำบลนาบัว) consisting of sub-district Na Bua.
* Bo Pho (Thai: องค์การบริหารส่วนตำบลบ่อโพธิ์) consisting of sub-district Bo Pho.
* Huai Hia (Thai: องค์การบริหารส่วนตำบลห้วยเฮี้ย) consisting of sub-district Huai Hia.
* Ban Phrao (Thai: องค์การบริหารส่วนตำบลบ้านพร้าว) consisting of sub-district Ban Phrao.
* Yang Klon (Thai: องค์การบริหารส่วนตำบลยางโกลน) consisting of sub-district Yang Klon.
* Nakhon Chum (Thai: องค์การบริหารส่วนตำบลนครชุม) consisting of sub-district Nakhon Chum.
* Nam Kum (Thai: องค์การบริหารส่วนตำบลน้ำกุ่ม) consisting of sub-district Nam Kum.

## Temples

There are 23 Buddhist temples in Nakhon Thai.

## Economy

Nakhon Thai is a district on the outskirts of Phitsanulok province, more than 80% of which is reserved forest area.
Therefore, Nakhon Thai and two neighboring districts, Chat Trakan and Wat Bot, have the lowest prosperity index in Phitsanulok, lowest household income and highest household debt.
# Gahkadeh

Gahkadeh (Persian: گاه كده, also Romanized as Gāhkadeh) is a village in Sardasht Rural District, in the Central District of Lordegan County, Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 42, in 10 families. The village is populated by Lurs.
# Malyye Gayny

Malyye Gayny (Russian: Малые Гайны; Bashkir: Кесе Гәйнә, Kese Gäynä) is a rural locality (a village) in Kozhay-Semyonovsky Selsoviet, Miyakinsky District, Bashkortostan, Russia. The population was 62 as of 2010. There is 1 street.

## Geography

Malyye Gayny is located 28 km northwest of Kirgiz-Miyaki (the district's administrative centre) by road. Aytugan is the nearest rural locality.