OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# François Grimaldi

Francesco Grimaldi (French: François; English: Francis), called il Malizia (from Italian: "the malicious") was the Genoese leader of the Guelphs who captured the Rock of Monaco on the night of 8 January 1297. He was the son of Guglielmo Grimaldi by his wife Giacobina or Giacoba, a Genoese noble.

## Capture of Monaco

The capture of Monaco happened at a time during a long conflict in medieval Italy between the Guelphs and Ghibellines. The Guelph and Ghibelline members were of two opposing factions in German and Italian politics during the Middle Ages, which sparked conflict that would last centuries and contributed to chronic strife within the cities of Northern Italy spanning over the course of the 13th and 14th century. The house Grimaldi was one of the most influential and powerful families in Genoa having allegiance to the Pope, against Ghibelline support of the Holy Roman Emperor. In 1295, Guelph forces from Liguria led by Francesco Grimaldi, were routed by a successful advance from the Ghibbeline army and were forced to take refuge on the Rock of Monaco. The assault culminated two years later on January 8, 1297, where Grimaldi, dressed as a Franciscan friar, lead a small contingent of followers and was greeted at the gates of Monaco's castle, only then to seize the castle with his cousin Rainier I, Lord of Cagnes.The event is commemorated on the Monegasque coat of arms, represented as two friars brandishing swords with the motto "Deo Juvante" which translates as "With the Help of God."
The citadel of Monaco was held for four years until the Ghibbeline stronghold was compromised over time under prolonged Genoese attack. Francesco thus failed to establish the Grimaldis' rule over Monaco, in this instance, but this was the first attempt to do so. The Grimaldi family subsequently resolved to regain the territory due to its advantageous potential as a base for the maritime trade business; responsible for the family's generational affluence.

## Family

The Grimaldi lineage descended from Grimaldo Canella. Originating from Genoa, Grimaldo was a twelfth-century statesman and served as Consul of Genoa several times, whose forename adorned his predecessors; becoming the family's accepted surname.
Francesco was married in 1295 to Aurelia del Carretto, widow of his cousin, Lanfranco Grimaldi. The marriage was childless, thus the modern Grimaldis are therefore not descendants of Francesco. After his death, in 1309, he was succeeded by his cousin (and stepson), Rainier I of Monaco, Lord of Cagnes.
His cousin's descendants, the Grimaldi family, still rule Monaco today. Over one hundred years after the coup, the Grimaldis purchased Monaco from the crown of Aragon in 1419, and became the official and undisputed rulers of "the Rock of Monaco". Rainier Il's three sons-Ambroise, Antoine and Jean purchased Monaco in the name of Grimaldi from its then owner, Queen Yolande of Aragon.
# Electoral district of Middle Harbour

Middle Harbour was an electoral district for the Legislative Assembly in the Australian state of New South Wales, named after Middle Harbour, Sydney and was originally created in the 1904 re-distribution of electorates following the 1903 New South Wales referendum, which required the number of members of the Legislative Assembly to be reduced from 125 to 90. It consisted of part of the abolished seat of Warringah with the balance of Warringah going to St Leonards. In 1920, with the introduction of proportional representation, it was absorbed into North Shore. It was recreated in 1988, replacing Willoughby, and abolished in 1991, being replaced by Willoughby.

## Members for Middle Harbour

First incarnation (1904–1920) :
| Member | Member | Party | Term |
| | Richard Arthur | Liberal Reform | 1904–1917 |
| | Richard Arthur | Nationalist | 1917–1920 |
| Second incarnation (1988–1991) ||||
| Member | Member | Party | Term |
| | Peter Collins | Liberal | 1988–1991 |

## Election results

1988 New South Wales state election: Middle Harbour :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | Liberal | Peter Collins | 20,147 | 71.2 | +5.2 |
| | Labor | Marilyn Dodkin | 8,161 | 28.8 | -1.1 |
| Total formal votes | Total formal votes | Total formal votes | 28,308 | 96.4 | −1.4 |
| Informal votes | Informal votes | Informal votes | 1,061 | 3.6 | +1.4 |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 29,369 | 93.4 | |
| | Liberal notional hold | Liberal notional hold | Swing | +3.2 | |
# Electoral district of Surry Hills

Surry Hills was an electoral district of the Legislative Assembly in the Australian state of New South Wales, named after and including Surry Hills and was originally created in the 1904 re-distribution of electorates following the 1903 New South Wales referendum, which required the number of members of the Legislative Assembly to be reduced from 125 to 90. It consisted of part of the abolished seat of Sydney-Flinders and parts of Sydney-Cook and Randwick. In 1920, with the introduction of proportional representation, it was absorbed into Sydney. It was recreated in 1927 and abolished in 1930.

## Members for Surry Hills

First incarnation (1904–1920) :
| Member | Member | Party | Term |
| | John Norton | Independent | 1904–1906 |
| | Albert Bruntnell | Liberal Reform | 1906–1907 |
| | Sir James Graham | Liberal Reform | 1907–1910 |
| | Henry Hoyle | Labor | 1910–1917 |
| | Henry Hoyle | Nationalist | 1917–1917 |
| | Arthur Buckley | Labor | 1917–1920 |
| Second incarnation (1927–1930) ||||
| Member | Member | Party | Term |
| | Tom Shannon | Labor | 1927–1930 |

## Election results

1927 New South Wales state election: Surry Hills :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | Labor | Tom Shannon | 7,536 | 66.1 | |
| | Nationalist | William Adkins | 3,694 | 32.4 | |
| | Independent | John Salmon | 175 | 1.5 | |
| Total formal votes | Total formal votes | Total formal votes | 11,405 | 98.6 | |
| Informal votes | Informal votes | Informal votes | 164 | 1.4 | |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 11,569 | 76.7 | |
| | Labor win | Labor win | (new seat) | (new seat) | (new seat) |
# Electoral district of Woollahra

Woollahra was an electoral district of the Legislative Assembly in the Australian state of New South Wales, originally created with the abolition of multi-member constituencies in 1894 from part of Paddington, along with Waverley and Randwick. It was named after and including the Sydney suburb of Woollahra. In 1920, with the introduction of proportional representation, it was absorbed into Eastern Suburbs. Woollahra was recreated in 1927 and abolished in 1962.

## Members for Woollahra

First incarnation (1894–1920) :
| Member | Member | Party | Term |
| | Adrian Knox | Ind. Free Trade | 1894–1895 |
| | Adrian Knox | Free Trade | 1895–1898 |
| | John Garland | Free Trade | 1898–1901 |
| | William Latimer | Liberal Reform | 1901–1917 |
| | William Latimer | Nationalist | 1917–1920 |
| Second incarnation (1927–1962) ||||
| Member | Member | Party | Term |
| | Maurice O'Sullivan | Labor | 1927–1930 |
| | Sir Daniel Levy | Nationalist | 1930–1931 |
| | Sir Daniel Levy | United Australia | 1931–1937 |
| | Harold Mason | Ind. United Australia | 1937–1938 |
| | Vernon Treatt | United Australia | 1938–1943 |
| | Vernon Treatt | Democratic | 1943–1945 |
| | Vernon Treatt | Liberal | 1945–1962 |

## Election results

1959 New South Wales state election: Woollahra :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | Liberal | Vernon Treatt | unopposed | | |
| | Liberal hold | Liberal hold | | | |
# Swiss Paralympic Committee

The Swiss Paralympic Committee (German: Schweizerisches Paralympisches Komitee; French: Comité paralympique suisse; Italian: Comitato Svizzero Paralimpico; Romansh: Comitati Paralimpica Svizra) is the National Paralympic Committee in Switzerland for the Paralympic Games movement. It is a non-profit organisation that selects athletes and teams, and raises funds to send Swiss competitors to the Paralympic Games, European Championships and World Championships, most of the events are organised by the International Paralympic Committee (IPC).
# Thi Thi Win

Thi Thi Win (born 23 July 1971) is an archer from Myanmar. She represented Myanmar in archery at the 2000 Summer Olympics in Sydney, Australia.

## Career

Win competed in the 2000 Summer Olympics. She scored 567 points in the ranking round and finished 62nd out of 64. She was defeated 167-134 by Kim Nam-Soon in the round of 64.
Win won a bronze medal in the women's team event in archery at the 2001 Southeast Asian Games.
# Prosek (Prague)

Prosek (German: Prossek) is a district and cadastral area in the north of Prague, Czech Republic. It is part of the Prague 9 administrative district and is bordered by Střížkov to the west, Letňany to the north, Vysočany to the south, Libeň to the southwest, and Prague–Kbely Airport to the east. Prosek has a population of 17,463 (2011).
The area is home to a large panel housing estate, which was completed in 1971. In 2008, a Prague Metro station was opened in the district with a new office complex, Prosek Point, built next to it.

## Demographics

| Year | Pop. | ±% |
| 1869 | 377 | — |
| 1880 | 454 | +20.4% |
| 1890 | 562 | +23.8% |
| 1900 | 1,622 | +188.6% |
| 1910 | 2,164 | +33.4% |
| Year | Pop. | ±% |
| 1921 | 1,977 | −8.6% |
| 1930 | 3,647 | +84.5% |
| 1950 | 4,273 | +17.2% |
| 1961 | 4,521 | +5.8% |
| 1970 | 10,667 | +135.9% |
| Year | Pop. | ±% |
| 1980 | 20,607 | +93.2% |
| 1991 | 16,372 | −20.6% |
| 2001 | 15,018 | −8.3% |
| 2011 | 17,463 | +16.3% |
| 2021 | 16,850 | −3.5% |
Source: Censuses :
# Thomas J. Tierney

Thomas J. Tierney (born 5 March 1954) is an American business executive and corporate writer, who is the co-founder of the nonprofit Bridgespan Group that provides management consulting to nonprofits and philanthropists. He was chairman of eBay from July 2015 to June 2020.
Tierney is cited by the book Management Consultancy in the 21st Century as a specialist in customer service and marketing.

## Early life

Tierney was born in San Francisco, California in 1954. Tierney earned a BA in Economics from the University of California, Davis in 1976, and an MBA from the Harvard Business School in 1980.

## Career

He joined Bain & Company in 1980, and served as the managing director of its San Francisco office from 1987 to 1992. In June 1992 he was appointed chief executive officer of Bain & Company, a post which he held until January 2000, during which time the company grew significantly, venturing into business internationally and generating revenues six times what they had been.
In 1998, Tierney co-founded The Bridgespan Group, described by Bloomberg as an "independent, nonprofit affiliate of Bain & Company designed to provide general management consulting services to foundations and nonprofit organizations". He launched the organization in 1999, and was appointed its chairman. In March 2003, Tierney was appointed an Independent Director at eBay, and he has been its Lead Independent Director since April 2012.
Aside from his Bridgespan and eBay position, Tierney has been the Director of The Nature Conservancy, director of the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, and has held numerous other posts on non-profit boards, including the Hoover Institution, The United Way of the Bay Area, the Committee for Economic Development and the WGBH Educational Foundation. He has also served administratively with the Boston Symphony Orchestra. Tierney is still associated with Harvard Business School, where he was appointed chair of the Harvard Business School Social Enterprise Initiative Advisory Board in January 2009. He occasionally lectures at the school and has contributed numerous articles to The Harvard Business Review and books, including Forbes's Learning From The Chief Executive Officer and Aligning the Stars (2002), the latter co-authored with Jay W. Lorsch, which documents business strategy and organization. In 2011, he co-authored Give Smart: Philanthropy That Gets Results with Joel L. Fleishman. Tierney said of Give Smart: Philanthropy That Gets Results: "The basic premise behind the book is that there must be ideas relevant to philanthropy that have been proven over time, ideas that were as useful to Andrew Carnegie as they are to Bill Gates. One of the reasons [co-author] Joel [Fleishman] and I teamed up was that he has done extensive research on twentieth-century philanthropy, a lot of which he used in The Foundation".
# Mrs. Thomas Gage

Mrs. Thomas Gage is a 1771 oil painting on canvas by John Singleton Copley.
The portrait depicts Margaret Kemble Gage, the American-born wife of the British General Thomas Gage, commander-in-chief of the British forces in North America. It was painted in New York during a six-month stay there by Bostonian Copley.
# Te Ahuahu

Te Ahuahu is a 373 m (1,224 ft) high andesitic basaltic scoria cone to the east of Lake Ōmāpere, in the Kaikohe-Bay of Islands volcanic field in New Zealand.

## History

It was the site of the pā of Hōne Heke – a highly influential Māori rangatira (chief) of the Ngāpuhi iwi (tribe) – that was the scene of the Battle of Te Ahuahu during the Flagstaff War of 1845–46. Here on 12 June 1845 a Maori raiding party led by Tāmati Wāka Nene captured the pā after Heke left it to gather food. During failed attempts to retake the pā, Heke was seriously wounded when shot in the thigh and at least 30 of his men were killed or wounded.
# Saint-Maurice-en-Gourgois

Saint-Maurice-en-Gourgois (French:; Occitan: Sent Maurice de Gorgueis) is a commune in the Loire department in central France.
# Henry Mathwin

Henry Mathwin (23 August 1852 – 31 December 1911) was an English schoolmaster and cricketer who played in one first-class cricket match for Cambridge University in 1874. He was born at Bolton le Moors, Lancashire and died at Birkdale, also then in Lancashire.
Mathwin was educated at Bickerton House School, a school in Birkdale set up by his father, who shared his full name, and at Christ's College, Cambridge. As a cricketer, he was a middle-order batsman in his single first-class match, though it is not known if he was right- or left-handed; he scored 17 and was 1 not out when the University team won the match.
Mathwin became a schoolmaster when he left Cambridge University; he eventually succeeded his father as headmaster of Bickerton House School in Birkdale, though had given up the position before he died aged 59.
# Gerald Mast

Gerald Mast (May 13, 1940 – September 1, 1988) was an author, film historian, and member of the University of Chicago faculty. He was a contributor to the modern discipline of film studies and film history.

## Life and career

Mast was born in Los Angeles in 1940; his family included his mother, Bessie, and Linda, his sister. He attended the University of Chicago, where he received his bachelor's, master's, and doctoral degrees in English. He taught at New York University, Oberlin College, and the Richmond College of the City University of New York, before joining the faculty of his alma mater in 1978. He chaired the Department of English Language and Literature, and his donation of 300 film prints established the university's Film Studies Center and Film Archive. The university press published several of his books on the history and critical analysis of film.
His works were influential in the development of the academic study of film history, including the application of the Chicago School of literary criticism to film analysis, and several of his books, including A Short History of the Movies and Film Theory and Criticism, have been widely incorporated into university film studies programs.

## Criticism

Mast faced some criticism for his opposition to Hollywood auteurism by some of his peers.

## Death and legacy

On September 1, 1988, Mast, age 48, died at Bernard Mitchell Hospital from complications of AIDS. At a time when public figures in the arts often remained unwilling to be associated with the disease, Mast requested that his obituaries include his cause of death. In a retrospective in Cinema Journal, Tag Gallagher compared him to French film critic Jean Mitry, and described him as America's "film-scholar laureate".
Mast's partner, actor Peter Burnell, best known for his role as Dr. Mike Powers on the NBC daytime soap opera The Doctors, preceded him in death. Burnell was diagnosed with AIDS, and died by suicide by hanging on Jan. 5th, 1987 in Chicago, Illinois at the age of 44.

## Selected works

* A Short History of the Movies (1971)
* The Comic Mind: Comedy and the Movies (1973)
* Film Theory and Criticism: Introductory Readings (1974)
* Film/Cinema/Movie: A Theory of Experience (1977)
* The Movies in Our Midst: Documents in the Cultural History of Film in America (1982)
* Howard Hawks, Storyteller (1982)
* Can't Help Singin': The American Musical on Stage and Screen (1987)
* Bringing Up Baby: Howard Hawks Director" ed. (1989)
# The Nun's Story

The Nun's Story is a 1956 novel by Kathryn Hulme. It was a Book of the Month selection and reached #1 on The New York Times Best Seller list.

## Premise

The lead character of the book, Sister Luke (pre-convent name Gabrielle Van Der Mal), finds her faith tested in Africa where she finds herself at odds with headstrong Dr. Fortunati, operator of a remote hospital in the Belgian Congo, with whom she gradually builds respect, and again during World War II, when she is ordered not to take sides. Ultimately, Sister Luke is forced to decide whether to remain in the convent or return to the outside world.
Gabrielle/Sister Luke is stretched between her desire to be faithful to the rule of her congregation and her desire to be a nurse. As a nun, she must remove all vestiges of "Gabrielle Van Der Mal" and sublimate herself into the devoted bride of Christ. As a nun, there is no room for her personal desires and aspirations. Ultimately, the conflict between her devotion to the Church and the nursing profession, juxtaposed with her passionate Belgian patriotism and her love of her father (killed by Nazi fighter planes while treating wounded) bring her to an impasse, which serves as the dénouement of the novel.

## Development

Hulme wrote the book based partly upon the experiences of her friend, Marie Louise Habets of the Sisters of Charity of Jesus and Mary, a Belgian nurse and an ex-nun whom she met while working with refugees in post-war Europe. The author sponsored the former nun's emigration to the United States, and later converted to Catholicism. It often is stated erroneously that the book was based upon Hulme's experiences.

## Film adaptation

In 1959, the book was adapted into a film by screenwriter Robert Anderson and director Fred Zinnemann. The Nun's Story starred Audrey Hepburn as Sister Luke. It was a critical and box-office success, and was nominated for eight oscars at the 32nd Academy Awards, including Best Picture and Hepburn's third nomination for Best Actress.
Hepburn met Marie-Louise Habets while preparing for the role, and Habets later helped nurse Hepburn back to health following her near-fatal horse-riding accident on the set of the 1960 film The Unforgiven. The relationship among Hulme, Habets and Hepburn is explored in Zoe Fairbairns' radio play The Belgian Nurse, first broadcast on BBC Radio Four in January 2007.
# The Notes

The Notes is a novel by Portuguese Nobel Prize-winning author José Saramago. It was first published in 1976.
# Lala (nickname)

Lala or La La is a feminine nickname, in Spanish naming conventions it is often a hypocorism for Esmeralda. It also translates as elder brother in Pashto. It may refer to:
* Lala (footballer), full name Geraldo José dos Santos (1946–2015), Brazilian footballer
* Shahid Afridi (born 1977), Pakistani cricketer
* Lala Amarnath (1911–2000), Indian cricketer
* Mohammed Shami (born 1990), Indian cricketer
* La La Anthony (born 1979), American radio and television personality, author, businesswoman and actress
* Lalawélé Atakora (born 1990), Togolese footballer
* Dolores "LaLa" Brooks (born 1947), former member of the girl group the Crystals
* Raymond Lalonde (born 1940), American politician, retired educator
* Lauren Laverne (born 1978), British TV and radio presenter
* Lala Sjöqvist (1903–1964), Swedish diver, 1928 Olympic bronze medalist
* La Forrest 'La La' Cope, American R&B singer/songwriter, composer of "You Give Good Love"
* Varto Terian (1896–1974) Iranian actress, used LaLa as a pseudonym for stage acting.
# Chahak, Mashhad

Chahak (Persian: چاهك, also Romanized as Chāhak) is a village in Pain Velayat Rural District, Razaviyeh District, Mashhad County, Razavi Khorasan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 671, in 178 families.
# Alexander Skaliukh

Alexander Petrovich Skaliukh (Russian: Александр Петрович Скалиух; born 15 June 1994) is a Russian Paralympic swimmer. He represented Russian Paralympic Committee athletes at the 2020 Summer Paralympics.

## Paralympics

Skaliukh represented Russian Paralympic Committee athletes at the 2020 Summer Paralympics and won a gold medal in the men's 4 × 100 m medley relay and a bronze medal in the 100 metre butterfly S9 event.
# Andrei Nefedov

Andrei Nefedov is a paralympic swimmer from Russia competing mainly in category B3 events.
Andrei was part of the Russian Paralympic swimming team that travelled to Atlanta for the 1996 Summer Paralympics there he finished fifth in the 100m breaststroke and won bronze in the 200m breaststroke.
# Muhammadu Aminu

Muhammadu Aminu was the 17th Emir of Zazzau and Chairman of Zazzau Emirate Council. He was succeeded by Alhaji Shehu Idris on February 8, 1975 following his demise.
Aminu was selected by the council of kingmakers to succeed Ja'afaru Dan Isyaku, he was from the Katsinawa lineage of the ruling houses in Zaria which were four houses in number: Barebari, Katsinawa, Sullubawa and Mallawa. Prior to his appointment as emir, he was district head of Sabon Gari Local government area.

## Coronation

Aminu's coronation took place outside the palace of Sarkin Zazzau in 1959. The day's order of ceremony began with the governor's inspection of a guard of honor composed of police personnel from the Zaria native Authority. Thereafter, Ahmadu Bello and the colonial resident received the governor and proceeded to their designated seat to await the new emir. The new emir arrived at outside the palace accompanied by a group of dogarais, he was administered the oath of office by the Chief Imam of Zaria and presented the staff of office by the Governor of Northern Nigeria. The ceremony ended with various district heads paying homage to the new amir
# Arbi Khamkhoev

Arbi Khamkhoev (born 1 August 1993) is a Russian judoka.
He is the bronze medallist of the 2016 Judo Grand Prix Zagreb in the -73 kg category.
# Arkadiy Vasilyev

Arkadiy Vasilyev (born 19 January 1987) is a Russian decathlete. Vasilyev won the decathlon at the 2006 World Junior Championships in Beijing.
# Aslanbek Sotiev

Aslanbek Alanovich Sotiev (born 29 September 1999) is a Russian freestyle wrestler who currently competes at 97 kilograms and represents North Ossetia–Alania in the national circuit. Sotiev is the reigning U23 European Continental champion and was a silver medalist at the 2018 U23 World Championships as well as the Russian National Championships (2020 and 2021).

## Major results

| Year | Competition | Venue | Position | Event |
| Representing Russia ||||||
| 2018 | U23 World Championships | Bucharest, Romania | 2nd | Freestyle 92 kg |
| 2020 | Russian National Championships | Naro-Fominsk, Russia | 2nd | Freestyle 97 kg |
| 2021 | Russian National Championships | Ulan–Ude, Russia | 2nd | Freestyle 97 kg |
| 2021 | U23 European Championships | Skopje, North Macedonia | 1st | Freestyle 97 kg |