OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Gustav Kalkun

Gustav Kalkun (22 March 1898 – 24 April 1972) was an Estonian discus thrower. He competed at the 1924 and 1928 Olympics and placed 15th and 10th, respectively. He was selected as the Olympic flag bearer for Estonia in 1928.
Kalkun graduated from school in Riga, Latvia (1916), and then studied physical education in Tartu, Estonia (1927), and Geneva, Switzerland (1930). He fought as a volunteer in World War I and Estonian War of Independence. He later worked as a physical education teacher in Tallinn, Narva and Tartu and acted as a referee and journalist covering athletics and basketball. In 1944, when Soviet troops arrived in Estonia, he emigrated to the United States. He was physical director of the YMCA in London, Ontario until 1950, when he took the same position at the YMCA in Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario. He was married to Waralda Ilmatara Kalkun, who died in 1967. Kalkun died at a hospital in Windsor, Ontario, in 1972.
Kalkun's nephew was actor Karl Kalkun, whose son is the sports journalist Kristjan Kalkun [et].
# Louis D'Heur

Louis D'Heur (born 11 May 1889, date of death unknown) was a Belgian sports shooter. He competed in two events at the 1924 Summer Olympics.
# Jules Bastin (sport shooter)

Jules Bastin (born 28 December 1879, date of death unknown) was a Belgian sports shooter. He competed in the 30m team military pistol event at the 1920 Summer Olympics.
# Aleksandar Ćosić

Aleksandar Ćosić (born 19 January 1922, date of death unknown) was a Yugoslav sprinter. He competed in the men's 4 × 400 metres relay at the 1948 Summer Olympics.
# Yrjö Helander

Yrjö Helander (23 April 1896 – 28 August 1969) was a Finnish athlete. He competed in the men's pole vault at the 1924 Summer Olympics.
# Oleksiy Vatchenko

Oleksiy Fedosiyovych Vatchenko (Ukrainian: Олексій Федосійович Ватченко; 25 February 1914 – 22 November 1984) was a Ukrainian and Soviet politician, who served as the chairman of Presidium of the Supreme Council of the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic from 1976 to 1984.

## Biography

Oleksiy Vatchenko was born in a village of Yelizaveto-Kamyanets that today is located in Dnipro, Ukraine. His sister was Horpyna Vatchenko, director of the Dmytro Yavornytsky National Historical Museum of Dnipro.
# Charles Trefusis, 19th Baron Clinton

Charles Rodolph Trefusis, 19th Baron Clinton (9 November 1791 – 10 April 1866), styled The Honourable Charles Trefusis between 1794 and 1832, was a British peer and Tory politician. He succeeded to the barony following the death of his elder brother.

## Background and education

Clinton was the second son of Robert Trefusis, 17th Baron Clinton, and his wife Albertina Marianna Gaulis. She was the daughter of Jean Abraham Rodolph Gaulis (died 1788) of Lausanne, Switzerland, an important magistrate of that city. Her mother was Jeanne-Louise-Dorothée Porta, from another prominent Lausanne family. Her eldest brother, Clinton's uncle, was Abram Frederic Louis Juste Gaulis, a member of the Grand Council of Vaud and the heir and custodian of the Château de Colombier-sur-Morges, near Lausanne. Another of his Swiss uncles was Charles Gaulis (died in Germany 23 August 1796), who fathered a child by Mary Jane de Vial (later Clairmont). Clinton's cousin, Charles Gaulis Clairmont, who grew up as stepbrother to Mary Shelley, ended up as Chair of English literature at Vienna University.
Clinton was early orphaned: his father died in 1797 and his mother in 1798.
Clinton was educated at Eton and Oriel College, Oxford.

## Political career

Clinton was elected Member of Parliament for Callington in 1813, a seat he held until 1818. Between 1819 and 1833 he was a Commissioner of Excise. In 1832 he succeeded his elder brother, Robert Cotton St John Trefusis, 18th Baron Clinton as baron. This meant that he left the Commons and entered the House of Lords.

## Marriage and children

Lord Clinton married in 1831 Lady Elizabeth Georgiana Kerr, daughter of William Kerr, 6th Marquess of Lothian. They had four sons and seven daughters, including:
* Hon Emily born 6 September 1832
* Charles Hepburn-Stuart-Forbes-Trefusis, 20th Baron Clinton, his eldest son and heir.
* Mark George Kerr Trefusis (1836–1907), his second son, who in 1852 adopted by royal licence the surname and arms of Rolle following his inheritance of a life-interest in the estate of his maternal uncle John Rolle, 1st Baron Rolle (1756–1842), which made him the largest land-owner in Devon. The Rolle estate descended from him to his nephew Charles John Robert Hepburn-Stuart-Forbes-Trefusis, 21st Baron Clinton (1863–1957).
* Colonel Hon. Walter Rodolph Trefusis (1838-1885), Colonel of the 2nd Battalion, Scots Guards and Companion, Order of the Bath (C.B.); one of his five daughters (no sons), Marion, married Thomas Coke, 4th Earl of Leicester.
* Colonel Hon. John Schomberg Trefusis (1852-1932), commanding officer of the 4th Battalion (1st Devon Militia), Devonshire Regiment, his last son and child; his son Denys married Violet Keppel.

## Death

He died in April 1866, aged 74, and was succeeded in the barony by his eldest son Charles Hepburn-Stuart-Forbes-Trefusis, 20th Baron Clinton. His widow died in March 1871, aged 63.
# Méracq

Méracq (French pronunciation:; Occitan: L'Omerac) is a commune in the Pyrénées-Atlantiques département in south-western France.

## Name

Historically, Méracq has been recorded as Meirac (13th century), Honerac (1538), Lo Merac (1546) and Louméracq (1863).
Its name in Gascon is L'Oumerac.
# Philip Hughes (historian)

Philip Hughes (11 May 1895 – 6 October 1967) was a Roman Catholic priest and Catholic ecclesiastical historian. He taught post-graduate courses at the University of Notre Dame.

## Early life

Hughes was born in Gorton, Manchester, on 11 May 1895. He received his early education at St Augustine's RC School, Manchester prior to being admitted to St Bede's College, Manchester in September 1907, graduating at midsummer 1912. He then studied at St Cuthbert's College, Ushaw and Leeds Seminary, where he was ordained deacon on 16 June 1917, prior to continuing his studies at Louvain University where he received his degree in 1921. He was ordained as a priest in 1920.

## Career

After ordination Hughes spent three years in Rome, undertaking research. In 1923, he was appointed history professor at St Thomas College in Minnesota, United States. The following year he was recalled to the Diocese of Salford and began parish work as curate at Salford Cathedral, moving to St Chad's, Cheetham Hill in 1925, St Anne, Fairfield in 1929 and finally to St Thomas of Canterbury, Higher Broughton in 1930.
In 1931, Hughes moved to London, to lecture at the new Catholic Centre for Higher Studies, founded by Frank Sheed. In 1934 he was appointed archivist for the Archdiocese of Westminster. He remained in London until 1955 when he was offered a post as professor of reformation history at the University of Notre Dame. He was awarded the title of Monsignor in 1957.
Hughes died in America on 6 October 1967, at 72, and was buried in South Bend, Indiana, United States.
# Raleb Majadele

Raleb Majadele (Arabic: غالب مجادلة‎, Levantine Arabic:; Hebrew: ראלב מג'אדלה‎,; also spelt Ghaleb Majadele, born 5 April 1953) is an Israeli Arab politician. He served as a member of the Knesset for the Labor Party in three spells between 2004 and 2015, and became the country's first Muslim minister when appointed Minister without Portfolio on 28 January 2007. Between March 2007 - March 2009 he served as Minister of Science, Culture and Sport, the first Muslim minister in Israeli history.

## Biography

Born in Baqa al-Gharbiyye, as a teenager Majadele was a member of HaNoar HaOved VeHaLomed youth movement, becoming its secretary.
A businessman, he became secretary of the Regional Workers Council, and headed the Education and Sport department of the Histadrut trade union.
He joined the Labor Party, and was placed twentieth on the party's list for the 2003 Knesset elections. Although the party won only 19 seats, Majadele entered the Knesset on 28 June 2004 as a replacement for Avraham Burg, who had resigned from the Knesset and public life and become a businessman. Majadele was re-elected in the 2006 elections.
On 10 January 2007, Labor leader Amir Peretz announced that Majadele would be appointed Minister of Science, Culture and Sport. On 28 January 2007 the cabinet voted to appoint him Minister without Portfolio. He sparked controversy when he publicly refused to sing Hatikvah, the Israel national anthem, stating that it was written for Jews only. He went on to point that although he does not participate in singing Hatikvah, he does express respect for the song by standing up when it is sung, and that he does not deny that Israel is a Jewish state. His appointment was confirmed by a vote in which all ministers except the chairman of Yisrael Beiteinu, Avigdor Lieberman, voted in favour. In March 2007 Majadele received the Science, Culture and Sport portfolio.
Although welcomed by many, Majadele's appointment was controversial among several groups of politicians. Mohammed Barakeh of Hadash attacked it as a "dirty trick" that would not advance Arabs, while Lieberman and Esterina Tartman of Yisrael Beiteinu claimed it was damaging to Zionism. The latter criticism was itself extremely controversial, with lawmakers from across the political spectrum branding Lieberman's and Tartman's remarks racist; a number of Labor lawmakers demanded that Yisrael Beiteinu be expelled from the governing coalition as a condition of Labor continuing to participate in the government.
For the 2009 elections he was placed fifteenth on the Labor list, but lost his seat as Labor were reduced to 13 representatives. However, he re-entered the Knesset on 13 April 2010 as a replacement for Yuli Tamir, who had resigned her seat. For the 2013 elections he was placed seventeenth on the party's list, and lost his seat again as the Labor Party won only 15 seats. However, he re-entered the Knesset on 14 December 2014 to serve as a replacement for Binyamin Ben-Eliezer, who resigned for health reasons after Danny Atar (who had been sixteenth on the party list) gave up the opportunity to take his place. He did not contest the 2015 elections, losing his seat.
# Karl Ludwig Drobisch

Karl Ludwig Drobisch (24 December 1803 – 20 August 1854) was a German composer, music theorist and church musician. He wrote an oratorio about Saint Boniface, but it was not successful, which made him turn to composing sacred music including 18 masses.

## Biography

Karl Ludwig Drobisch was born on 24 December 1803 in Leipzig to Karl Wilhelm Drobisch, a Leipzig city clerk, and his second wife, Renata Dorothee Wilhelmine Klotz. He was the younger brother of Moritz Wilhelm Drobisch. The father served as the boys' teacher from a young age, and they were able to read and write, as well as perform rudimentary mathematics, before they entered the Nikolai Primary School in Leipzig. Karl and Moritz enjoyed astronomy and together calculated lunar phases and planetary movement.
Karl attended secondary school at the highly-esteemed Fürstenschule St. Augustin zu Grimma starting in 1817. He commenced studies at Leipzig University in 1821. It was here that he undertook the serious study of music theory under organist J. A. Dröbs.
In 1826 Drobisch wrote the oratorio Bonifazius, der Apostel der Deutschen, which was among the first of numerous German oratorios on the subject of Saint Boniface. The oratorio was not successful, and he traveled to Munich to study at the libraries there. He left Munich in 1837 and took the position of music director at the Church of St. Anne in Augsburg. He was not employed there long, soon resigning in order to entirely focus on composing.
Drobisch died 20 August 1854 in Augsburg.

## Compositions

Drobisch wrote one oratorio in 1825–1826, which was not successful. Following this his style changed, and he focused on works of a purer religious nature, including 18 masses as well as graduals, offertories and psalm settings.
# Greater Poland Voivodeship Sejmik

The Greater Poland Voivodeship Sejmik (Polish: Sejmik Województwa Wielkopolskiego) is the regional legislature of the Voivodeship of Greater Poland. It is a unicameral parliamentary body consisting of thirty-nine councillors elected to a five-year term. The current chairperson of the assembly is Tatiana Sokołowska.
The assembly elects the executive board that acts as the collective executive for the regional government, headed by the province's marshal. The current Executive Board of Greater Poland is a coalition government between Civic Coalition, Third Way and The Left with Marek Woźniak of Civic Coalition presiding as marshal.
The assembly meets in the Marshal's Office in Poznań.

## Districts

Members of the Assembly are elected from six districts, serve five-year terms. Districts does not have the constituencies formal names. Instead, each constituency has a number, territorial description.
| Number | Seats | City counties | Land counties |
| 1 | 6 | Poznań | None |
| 2 | 7 | None | Chodzież, Czarnków-Trzcianka, Międzychód, Oborniki, Piła, Szamotuły, Wągrowiec, Złotów |
| 3 | 7 | None | Poznań, Śrem, Środa Wielkopolska, Gniezno, Września |
| 4 | 5 | Konin | Konin, Koło, Słupca, Turek |
| 5 | 7 | Kalisz | Kępno, Kalisz, Ostrów Wielkopolski, Ostrzeszów, Jarocin, Pleszew |
| 6 | 7 | Leszno | Leszno, Gostyń, Grodzisk Wielkopolski, Kościan, Krotoszyn, Nowy Tomyśl, Rawicz, Wolsztyn |

## Composition
### 1998

| Party | Mandates |
| Sojusz Lewicy Demokratycznej | 29 |
| Akcja Wyborcza Solidarność | 21 |
| Unia Wolności | 5 |
| Przymierze Społeczne | 5 |
| Total | 60 |

### 2002

| Party | Mandates |
| Sojusz Lewicy Demokratycznej – Unia Pracy | 13 |
| Platforma Obywatelska – Prawo i Sprawiedliwość | 8 |
| Samoobrona Rzeczpospolitej Polskiej | 7 |
| Liga Polskich Rodzin | 6 |
| Polskie Stronnictwo Ludowe | 5 |
| Total | 39 |

### 2006

| Party | Mandates |
| Platforma Obywatelska | 15 |
| Prawo i Sprawiedliwość | 12 |
| Lewica i Demokraci | 7 |
| Polskie Stronnictwo Ludowe | 5 |
| Total | 39 |

### 2010

| Party | Mandates |
| Platforma Obywatelska | 17 |
| Sojusz Lewicy Demokratycznej | 9 |
| Polskie Stronnictwo Ludowe | 7 |
| Prawo i Sprawiedliwość | 6 |
| Total | 39 |

### 2014

| Party | Mandates |
| Platforma Obywatelska | 13 |
| Polskie Stronnictwo Ludowe | 12 |
| Prawo i Sprawiedliwość | 8 |
| SLD Lewica Razem | 4 |
| Teraz Wielkopolska | 2 |
| Total | 39 |

### 2018

| Party | Mandates |
| Koalicja Obywatelska | 15 |
| Prawo i Sprawiedliwość | 13 |
| Polskie Stronnictwo Ludowe | 7 |
| SLD Lewica Razem | 3 |
| Independent | 1 |
| Total | 39 |

## Charts

* 1998
* 2006
* 2010
* 2014
* 2018
# Lagrave

Lagrave (French pronunciation:; Occitan: La Grava) is a commune in the Tarn department in the Occitania region of southern France.

## History

The terraces which surround the plain of the village have known human occupation since the most remote times. The places called Nareille, Las Peyrouses, Les Ganelles, Les Gounelles are known for their prehistoric resort.
The Romans under Julius Caesar conquered what is now the Tarn department in the 1st century BC. The Roman occupation lasted five centuries during which time Rome imposed its laws and language on the region. Their presence in Lagrave is attested by the discovery of medals and coins minted under the Roman emperors Claudius, Titus, Trajan, Septimius Severus and Augustus.
# Keihan 6000 series

The Keihan 6000 series (京阪6000系, Keihan 6000-kei) is an electric multiple unit (EMU) commuter train type operated by the private railway operator Keihan Electric Railway in Kyoto, Japan, since 1983.
The series won the Laurel Prize from the Japan Railfan Club in 1984.

## Overview

The 6000 series was introduced in 1983 with 11 7-car sets built by the end of 1983. The remaining 38 cars would be built in 10 batches between 1986 and 1993.
The sixth batch, built in 1989, was a seven-car set with four cars being built as prototypes for next-generation VVVF traction motors. In 1993, three of those test vehicles would be renumbered and incorporated into an existing 7000 series set. In lieu, three replacement cars would be built in December 1993 as the tenth and last batch of the series.
These trains would be the basis for the 7000 series introduced in 1992.

## Interior

Passenger accommodation consists of longitudinal bench seating throughout.

## Formations

The eight-car trains are formed as follows, with four motored ("M") cars and four non-powered trailer ("T") cars.
| Car | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 |
| Designation | Mc | M | T | T | T | T | M | Mc |
| Numbering | 6000 | 6100 | 6600 | 6500 | 6750 | 6550 | 6150 | 6050 |
* "Mc" cars are motored driving cars (with driving cabs).
* "M" cars are motored intermediate cars.
* "T" cars are unpowered trailer cars.
* The "Mc 6000" and "M 6150" cars each have two scissors-type pantographs.

## History
### Refurbishment

Beginning in fiscal 2013, the 6000 series fleet has undergone a refurbishment programme. The refurbishment includes a redesigned interior based on that of the 13000 series, with wider bucket-style seats, audiovisual door warnings, internal LCD information displays, LED lighting throughout, and accessibility improvements. The first treated sets returned to service on 5 September 2014.

## Gallery

* Driver controls of Keihan 6053
* Set 6004 in September 2018
* Keihan 6001 in an older green livery
# Bolshiye Karkaly

Bolshiye Karkaly (Russian: Большие Каркалы; Bashkir: Оло Кәркәле, Olo Kärkäle) is a rural locality (a selo) and the administrative centre of Bolshekarkalinksy Selsoviet, Miyakinsky District, Bashkortostan, Russia. The population was 488 as of 2010. There are 6 streets.

## Geography

Bolshiye Karkaly is located 29 km southeast of Kirgiz-Miyaki (the district's administrative centre) by road. Kamyshly is the nearest rural locality.
# Banner of Labor

The Banner of Labor (German: Banner der Arbeit) was an order issued in the German Democratic Republic (GDR).
It was given for "excellent and long-standing service in strengthening and consolidating the GDR, especially for achieving outstanding results for the national economy".
The order was established on 4 August 1954 in one class. On 8 August 1974 it was divided into three classes. The 1st Class was the highest class and each class included a cash award:
* 1st Class: 1,000 East German marks, limited to 250 per year
* 2nd Class: 750 East German marks, limited to 500 per year
* 3rd Class: 500 East German marks, limited to 1,000 per year
For collectives with up to 20 members, there were cash awards of 2,000, 3,500 and 5,000 Marks per member.
The Banner of Labor was awarded to:
* Individuals and collectives in all three classes
* Enterprises, Collective organizations (German: Kombinate), institutions and cooperatives in the 1st Class
A prerequisite was that individuals and members of collectives already had received other state awards. The Order could be given in any class several times, even to citizens of other countries.
The awards ceremony took place each year on 1 May until 1989 and this order was presented by the Chairman of the State Council or on his behalf. A certificate was presented with the Order.
The medal is gilded, with dimensions of 44 x 37 mm. It is worn on the left chest. Establishments were entitled to include a symbol of the Order on their flag as well as on documents.

## Recipients

* 1955: Luise Ermisch
* 1959: Walter Arnold (Germany)
* 1960: Hermann Axen, Friedrich Burmeister, Georg Ulrich Handke, Willi Bredel, Werner Bruschke
* 1962: Kurt Hager
* 1963: Erich Hans Apel, Ernst Albert Altenkirch, Walter Halbritter, Paul Fröhlich, Günter Mittag, Hermann Pöschel
* 1964: Rudi Georgi, Willi Stoph, Günther Wyschofsky
* 1965: Peter Florin, Grete Groh-Kummerlöw, Ernst Scholz, Erich Engel
* 1967: Rudi Georgi
* 1968: Wilhelm Adam, Roman Chwalek, Horst Dohlus, Werner Lamberz
* 1969: Julius Balkow, Lilly Becher, Klaus Gysi, Walter Halbritter, Ernst-Joachim Gießmann, Helmut Kirchberg, Paul Markowski, Hermann Pöschel, Kurt Wünsche
* 1970: Horst Dohlus
* 1974: Manfred Feist, Wolfgang Gress
* 1976: Bruno Lietz, Eberhard Heinrich
* 1978: Manfred Bochmann
* 1979: Hubert Egemann
* 1981: Gisela Glende
* 1984: Bruno Lietz, Siegfried Lorenz, Erik Neutsch
* 1986: Egon Krenz
* 1988: Hartmut Buschbacher
# Carl Joachim Classen

Carl Joachim Classen (15 August 1928 - 29 September 2013) was a German classical scholar.

## Biography

Classen studied classics at Göttingen and Hamburg. His academic teachers include Ernst Zinn and Bruno Snell in Hamburg and Kurt Latte in Göttingen. After being promoted to Dr. phil. in 1952 he took the first and second state examination in 1952 and 1956, respectively. He attained the B. Litt. at the University of Oxford in 1956 and worked as a lecturer of classics at the University of Ibadan for three years. After his return to Germany (in 1959) he worked as a lecturer at the Göttingen university, completing his Habilitation in 1961.
From 1966 on Classen held classics chairs at three universities: In 1966 he was called to one of the two newly instituted chair of classics at the Technische Universität Berlin. From there he went to Würzburg in 1969, until going to Göttingen in 1973 where he stayed the remainder of his career until his death in 2013.
As a classicist, Classen had an exceptional international reputation. He was invited as visiting professor to the University of Texas at Austin (1967/68) and as visiting member to the Institute for Advanced Study (1975). He also was visiting professor in Changchun (1992), Tartu (1994 and 1996), Rome (1995 and 1997) and visiting fellow at All Souls College, Oxford (1980) and Merton College, Oxford (1995). In 2000, the University of Tartu awarded him the honorary degree of Dr. phil.
His main scientific interests included Ancient Historiography, Greek and Roman Rhetorics, Roman Satire, Humanism and the History of Classical Scholarship. He was the author and editor of several monographs and essays on those subjects, his works being published in German, English, Serbian and Estonian.
Classen died on 29 September 2013, aged 85. He was survived by his wife Roswitha and their three sons.

## Major writings

* Untersuchungen zu Platons Jagdbildern. Hamburg 1951. Revised edition, Berlin 1960
* Sprachliche Deutung als Triebkraft platonischen und sokratischen Philosophierens. Munich 1959
* Sophistik. Darmstadt 1976
* Die Stadt im Spiegel der Descriptiones und Laudes urbium in der antiken und mittelalterlichen Literatur bis zum Ende des zwölften Jahrhunderts. Hildesheim/New York 1980
* Recht – Rhetorik – Politik: Untersuchungen zu Ciceros rhetorischer Strategie. Darmstadt 1985
* Probleme der Lukrezforschung. Hildesheim/Zurich/New York 1986
* Ansätze: Beiträge zum Verständnis der frühgriechischen Philosophie. Würzburg/Amsterdam 1986
* Zu Heinrich Bebels Leben und Schriften. Göttingen 1996
* Zur Literatur und Gesellschaft der Römer. Stuttgart 1998
* Rhetorical criticism of the New Testament. Tübingen 2000
* Antike Rhetorik im Zeitalter des Humanismus. Munich/Leipzig 2003
* Vorbilder – Werte – Normen in den homerischen Epen. Berlin/New York 2008.
* Aretai i virtutes: o vrednosnim predstavama i idealima kod Grka i Rimljana. Belgrade 2008
* Herrscher, Bürger und Erzieher: Beobachtungen zu den Reden des Isokrates. Hildesheim/Zurich/New York 2010
* Aretai und Virtutes: Untersuchungen zu den Wertvorstellungen der Griechen und Römer. Berlin/New York 2010
# Castelnau-sur-l'Auvignon

Castelnau-sur-l'Auvignon (French pronunciation:; Occitan: Castèthnau d'Auvinhon) is a commune in the Gers department in southwestern France.