OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Julien Bailleul

Julien Bailleul (15 February 1988 – 7 October 2011) was a French footballer who played for Mons and Lokeren.

## Club career

Born in the Lille region, Bailleul began playing football with the Lille OSC youth academy. He also played youth football for CS Sedan Ardennes and AC Cambrai.

### Belgium

He played amateur football for SC Feignies from 2007 to 2009 before signing a professional contract with Belgian Second Division side R.A.E.C. Mons.
The following season, Bailleul transferred to Belgian Pro League side Sporting Lokeren but returned on loan to Mons in January 2011. Two months later he was forced to stop playing after suffering from illness.

## Death

After battling the disease for several months, he died of cancer at age 23 in October 2011. He was buried in Lambersart on 11 October 2011.
# Matthew Halton

Matthew Henry Halton (September 7, 1904 – December 3, 1956) was a Canadian television journalist, most famous as a foreign correspondent for the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation during World War II.

## Biography

Born in Pincher Creek, Alberta, Halton attended teachers college in Calgary and taught school for several years before attending the University of Alberta, where he gained experience reporting and editing for The Gateway. He subsequently went to London, England to study at King's College London and at the London School of Economics, writing extensively on European affairs for Canadian newspapers. He briefly returned to Canada in 1931, but then returned to Europe as a correspondent for the Toronto Star. He covered such issues as the rise of Nazism in Germany, the Spanish Civil War and the Winter War; with the Munich Crisis of 1938, he began filing reports for CBC Radio as well.
Halton was briefly reassigned to the Star's Washington, DC bureau in 1940, but was soon sent back to cover the North African campaign. He reported extensively for the CBC over the next two years, and then briefly returned to Canada to write and publish the memoir Ten Years to Alamein. In 1943, he was named the CBC's senior war correspondent, returning to London and covering all aspects of the final two years of the war. After the end of World War II, he remained in Europe as the network's senior foreign correspondent, covering the Nuremberg Trials, the funeral of King George VI, the coronation of Queen Elizabeth II and the 1954 Geneva Conference, among other stories. He also filed frequent reports for the BBC as well.
In 1956, Halton received an honorary doctorate from the University of Alberta. He died several months later, following stomach surgery.
Halton's son David later became CBC Television's chief political correspondent. His daughter Kathleen married influential British theatre critic Kenneth Tynan, and later established her own career as a writer.
Matthew Halton High School in Halton's home town of Pincher Creek, Alberta is named after him.

## Archives

The Matthew Halton fonds is held by Library and Archives Canada, under archival reference number R10120. The fonds consists of 2.25 metres of textual records, 174 photographs, 15 audio cassettes, and 2 maps. The description includes a finding aid.
# Michael's Virgin Land Nature Reserve

Michael's Virgin Land Nature Reserve (Ukrainian: Михайлівська цілина) is a protected nature reserve of Ukraine that covers meadow-steppe and forest-steppe in the northeast of Ukraine near the border with Russia. It exhibits plants found in both northern and southern steppes. First created as a reserve in 1928, it was expanded over the years and formally upgraded to a national reserve in 2009. The reserve is in the administrative districts of Lebedyn and Nedryhailiv of Sumy Oblast.

## Topography

The reserve is relatively flat in the uplands of northeast Ukraine, in the watershed of the Sula River and the Grun River. It is the remnant of what was formerly a large virgin grassland. The main body of the reserve is in the middle of the district, with several small satellite sites of 40-100 hectares each scattered around the vicinity to protect other remnant meadow-steppe plots.

## Climate and ecoregion

The climate of the reserve is Humid continental climate, warm summer (Köppen climate classification (Dfb)). This climate is characterized by large seasonal temperature differentials and a warm summer (at least four months averaging over 10 °C (50 °F), but no month averaging over 22 °C (72 °F).
The reserve is located in the East European forest steppe ecoregion, a transition zone between the broadleaf forests of the north and the grasslands to the south.. This ecoregion is characterized by a mosaic of forests, steppe, and riverine wetlands.

## Flora and fauna

The reserve is meadow-steppe and forest steppe, known for wildflowers, feather grass, fescue and other grasses. Many parts are recovering from the influences of humans, particularly hay-making, and are the subject of scientific study of the processes of rebuilding wild plant and animal communities.

## Public use

As a strict nature reserve, Michael's Reserve's primary purpose is protection of nature and scientific study. Public access is limited: mass recreation and construction of facilities is prohibited as are hunting and fishing.
# Ahva (political party)

Ahva (Hebrew: אחווה, Brotherhood) was a short-lived political party in Israel, one of several spinoffs created by the collapse of Dash.

## Background

Ahva was formed on 8 July 1980 when two MKs (Shafik Asaad and Shlomo Eliyahu) broke away from the Democratic Movement, itself a relatively new party, having been formed in 1978 when Dash split up (also creating Shinui and Ya'ad). On 17 September they were joined by Akiva Nof, also from the Democratic Movement.
However, like its two immediate predecessors, Ahva also suffered from instability. Nof defected to Likud on 28 January 1981, whilst Asaad left the party to join Telem (another newly formed party) on 15 June. By the end of the Knesset session in June 1981, only Eliayhu remained in the party (though it had outlasted the Democratic Movement, which folded in March 1981).
The party did not run in the 1981 elections and subsequently disappeared.
# Kul Kandi

Kul Kandi (Persian: كول كندي, also Romanized as Kūl Kandī) is a village in Ahmadfedaleh Rural District, Sardasht District, Dezful County, Khuzestan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 84, in 12 families.
# History of rail transport in Belarus

The first line crossing Belarus was the Saint Petersburg–Warsaw Railway, which started operating in late 1862. This included section and railway station in Grodno. During the mid 1860s, a railway line was also built from Daugavpils to Polatsk and further to Vitebsk. The Warsaw–Brest Railway, opened in 1866; completed to Moscow in 1871.
The Libau–Romny Railway was built in 1871–1874. It passed through Belarus.
# Joe (Belgian radio station)

Joe is a commercial Belgian radio station broadcasting in Dutch, and is mainly dedicated to pop music from the 1970s, 1980s, 1990s and 2000s. Since 2007 the radio station has been owned by DPG Media.
Joe mainly plays hit music from the 1980s to the present. According to the latest figures from the CIM, Joe achieved an average market share of 11% on a daily basis.

## History

On 27 October 2001, Joe's predecessor 4FM was launched. Together with Q-music, it was the first commercial radio station to be licensed as a national broadcaster in the Flemish Community. The station was purchased by Talpa Media in 2005. In May 2007, 4fm was taken over by DPG Media - then known as the Vlaamse Media Maatschappij. In 2008, 4fm started broadcasting a news-focused breakfast show named 4fm actueel that was simulcast on KANAALTWEE, owned by former Joe owner, Medialaan. It was axed a few months later.
On 19 February 2009, the hosts of 4fm announced that the station would relaunch as Joe FM on 1 April 2009. The station's format largely stayed the same. On Saturdays and Sundays, a show called Joekes broadcast excerpts of standup sets and comedy skits. In August 2012, Joe FM changed its slogan to Your Greatest Hits and implemented several new programmes.

## Frequencies

Joe broadcasts in the Flemish Community (Flanders and Brussels) on the following frequencies:
* Aalst: 104.2 MHz
* Antwerp: 103.4 MHz
* Beringen: 98.4 MHz
* Bree: 93.5 MHz
* Brussegem: 95.6 MHz
* Brussels: 103.4 MHz
* Dendermonde: 92.2 MHz
* Diest: 103.3 MHz
* Egem: 104.1 MHz
* Geel: 93.5 MHz
* Genk: 103.4 MHz
* Ghent: 92.8 MHz
* Herzele: 90.9 MHz
* Heusden-Zolder: 88.8 MHz
* Holsbeek: 90.3 MHz
* Kasterlee: 91.4 MHz
* Leuven: 99.7 MHz
* Lommel: 103.7 MHz
* Mechelen: 96.7 MHz
* Ninove: 99.7 MHz
* Sint-Niklaas: 93.5 MHz
* Sint-Pieters-Leeuw: 95.5 MHz
* Sint-Truiden: 89.2 MHz
* Temse: 93.5 MHz
* Tongeren: 89.1 MHz
* Turnhout: 90.6 MHz
* Wuustwezel: 103.7 MHz
The station is also available via DAB+, digital TV and online streams.
# Zomet Institute

The Zomet Institute (Hebrew: מכון צומת, Makhon Tzomet, Tzomet being an acronym for Tzevtei Mada veTorah (Hebrew: צוותי מדע ותורה), lit. Teams of Science and Torah) is an Israeli high-tech non-profit organization specializing in IT equipment and electronic appliances designed to meet Halakha.

## The company

The Zomet Institute was established in Alon Shvut by Yisrael Rosen (1941-2017), who also founded and headed the Administration of Conversion to Judaism of the Chief Rabbinate of Israel. Later, he served as a Dayan - Rabbinic Judge on the Beit Din for Conversion.
The company has developed solutions for operating electrical appliances on the Shabbat and other Jewish holidays. Appliances made by the institute are used in Jewish observant homes, as well as in public organizations such as hospitals, the Israel Police and the Israel Defense Forces.
Although the Zomet Institute is affiliated with Modern Orthodox Judaism, Rozen often consults other rabbis and his halachic rulings have received endorsements from authorities including the late Rabbi Shlomo Zalman Auerbach and Rabbi Yehoshua Neuwirth.
# Osokorivka, Kherson Oblast

Osokorivka (Ukrainian: Осокорівка, Russian: Осокоровка) is a village in Beryslav Raion, Kherson Oblast, southern Ukraine. It belongs to the Novovorontsovka settlement hromada, one of the hromadas of Ukraine. The village had a population of 2,747.

## Administrative status

Until 18 July, 2020, Osokorivka belonged to Novovorontsovka Raion. The raion was abolished in July 2020 as part of the administrative reform of Ukraine, which reduced the number of raions of Kherson Oblast to five. The area of Novovorontsovka Raion was merged into Beryslav Raion.
# Libnah

Libnah or Lobana (Hebrew: לִבְנָה, whiteness; Latin: Lobana) was an independent city, probably near the western seaboard of Israel, with its own king at the time of the Israelite conquest of Canaan. It is thought to have been an important producer of revenue, and one that rebelled against the Judahite crown.

## Records in the Hebrew Bible

It is assigned to the tribe of Judah as one of the 13 Kohanic cities during the Israelite settlement (Joshua 21:13). The town revolted during the reign of King Jehoram of Judah, according to 2 Kings 8:22 and 2 Chronicles 21:10, because Jehoram "had abandoned [the] God of his fathers". The revolt took place at the same time as Edom revolted against Judean rule (2 Kings 8:20–22).
Josiah, King of Judah, married Hamutal, daughter of Jeremiah of Libnah (1 Chronicles 3:15; 2 Kings 23:31–32; 2 Kings 24:17–18; Jeremiah 22:11). Two of their sons, Jehoahaz and Zedekiah also became Kings of Judah.
Sennacherib's army may have attacked Libnah in 701 BCE, but the various biblical reports are, recent scholarship has argued, somewhat confused, having Libnah attacked after Hezekiah had already surrendered at Lachish. Since Sennacherib attacked from the north, it is odd that he would move back to conquer a town in the north after a victory in the south. It is possible that the editor reversed the historical chronology. Kenneth Kitchen, for one, found no difficulty in the traditional account, which has Libnah attacked after Lachish. According to the narrative at (2 Chronicles 32:20–21a, an angel of Yahweh destroyed the host of Sennacherib's army, and at 2 Kings 19:35, the number of Assyrian soldiers killed is claimed to have amounted to 185,000. The large number of troops reportedly dying overnight is explained as possibly due to poisoning, and the Targum version refers to pestilence.
Eusebius and Jerome (OS 274:13; 135:28) describe it as being a village in the region of Eleutheropolis (Beit Gubrin), called in their day Lobana or Lobna.

## As a station of the Exodus

Libnah is also the name of the 17th station among the places the Israelites are said to have stopped over at during the Exodus. The context suggests that this Libna lay somewhere in the Sinai Desert which the Israelites are described as traversing prior to entering the land of Canaan.

## Possible sites and excavations

* Tel Lavnin (Khurbet Tell el Beida) in the Judean Shephelah.
* The excavators of Tell Zeitah have suggested it as a possible location of Libnah.
* An excavation has been initiated at Tel Burna, which has also been identified as the possible site of Libnah, based on William F. Albright's proposal. Tel Burna, was fortified, lies between the Philistine city of Gath and the Judahite city of Lachish, and was inhabited continuously from the Bronze Age onwards. Until the Judahite period, it appears to have been a pagan cultic centre.
* Vargon held the view that Tell ej-Judeideh was to be identified with Libnah.
# National Route 256 (Costa Rica)

National Secondary Route 256, or just Route 256 (Spanish: Ruta Nacional Secundaria 256, or Ruta 256) is a National Road Route of Costa Rica, located in the Limón province.

## Description

In Limón province the route covers Talamanca canton (Cahuita district).
# Zapytiv

Zapytiv (Ukrainian: Запитів, Polish: Zapytów) is a rural settlement in Lviv Raion of Lviv Oblast in Ukraine. It is essentially a suburb of Lviv and is located northeast of the city, about 5 kilometres (3.1 mi) from its bypass. It belongs to Novyi Yarychiv settlement hromada, one of the hromadas of Ukraine. Population: 2,979 (2022 estimate).

## History

Until 18 July 2020, Zapytiv belonged to Kamianka-Buzka Raion. The raion was abolished in July 2020 as part of the administrative reform of Ukraine, which reduced the number of raions of Lviv Oblast to seven. The area of Kamianka-Buzka Raion was split between Chervonohrad and Lviv raions, with Zapytiv being transferred to Lviv Raion.
Until 26 January 2024, Zapytiv was designated urban-type settlement. On this day, a new law entered into force which abolished this status, and Zapytiv became a rural settlement.

## Economy
### Transport

Zapytiv railway station, located in the settlement, is on the railway which connects Lviv with Kovel via Chervonohrad and Volodymyr and with Lutsk.
The settlement is on Highway M06 connecting Lviv and Kyiv.
# Alim radar system

Alim is the first Iranian passive radar. Passive radars do not transmit. Instead, they detect and track objects by processing reflections from non-cooperative sources of illumination in the environment, such as commercial broadcast and communications signals.
Alim is cheaper and has lower maintenance cost than conventional radars because it lacks a transmitter and movable mechanical parts. It requires high processing power, as six levels of processing are needed to track targets. Other advantages include the ability to detect low RCS targets at low altitudes. Since it doesn't transmit, it is immune to anti radiation missiles such as American AGM-88 HARM, thus it can be deployed near enemy lines.
It was first seen in 2011 during the parade of Iranian armed forces. The radar has a stated range of between 250 and 300 km and is claimed to be able to detect slow, low flying targets with relative ease.
# Yashlatz

Yashlatz (Hebrew: ישל"צ, acronym for ישיבת ירושלים לצעירים‎ Yeshivat Yerushalayim L’Tzeirim, "Jerusalem Yeshiva for Youth") is a religious Zionist yeshiva high school in Jerusalem. It was founded in 1964 by a student of the Orthodox rabbi Tzvi Yehuda HaCohen Kook to teach teenage boys in the Mercaz Harav community.

## Faculty

In the first fifteen years (1964–1979), Rabbi Yaakov Filber, who founded the yeshiva served as the Rosh Yeshiva. Rabbi Eitan Eisamn filled in for one year in the middle. In 1979, Rabbi Filber was appointed as the rabbi of Kibbutz Hafetz Haim, and Rabbi Yerachamiel Weiss took over as the head of Yashlatz. Rabbi Weiss continued in this role until 5776 (2016) when he decided to step down due to an injury. From 5777 (2017) onward, Rabbi Yair Gizbar took on the job of the Ros yeshiva, Until then he served as the Rabbi of shiur Alef in Yeshivat Mercaz HaRav.

## Terrorist attack

On March 6, 2008, a terrorist opened fire at the Yeshivat Mercaz Harav, adjacent to Yashlatz. Five Yashlatz students were murdered in the school library, along with 3 students from the Yeshivat Mercaz Harav.

## Notable alumni

Famous graduates include Rabbi Yaakov Shapira (current Head of Mercaz HaRav Yeshiva), Rabbi Mordechai Elon (former Head of Yeshivat HaKotel and leader of the MiBreshit movement), Rabbi Eliezer Melamed, Rabbi Shmuel Eliyahu (chief rabbi of Tzfat) and Colonel Dror Weinberg, (Yehuda Brigade Commander in the IDF), who was killed in an ambush in Hebron in 2002.
# Windhoek East

Windhoek East is a constituency in the Khomas Region of Namibia. It consists of the upper-class suburbs of Windhoek: Auasblick, Avis, Klein Windhoek, Ludwigsdorf, Luxury Hill, Olympia, and Suiderhof. It had a population of 22,712 in 2011, up from 17,674 in 2001. As of 2020, it has 17,308 registered voters.
Windhoek East is the most affluent constituency of Windhoek. Most embassies, private schools, private medical facilities, and shopping malls are located here, and the education rate of the inhabitants is high. All its roads are tarred. There is a concerning crime rate but the offenders come from other constituencies. The Namibian newspaper suspects the constituency to have been gerrymandered by the SWAPO-led government; Besides the posh suburbs it contains a Police academy and Windhoek's two army bases.

## Politics

In the 2004 regional election, SWAPO candidate Mwadina Rosalia Sibiya received 2.141 of the 4,265 votes cast and became councillor. Nic Kruger, a member of the Rally for Democracy and Progress (RDP), surprisingly won the constituency in the 2010 local and regional elections. The 2015 regional election were won by SWAPO whose Ruusa Namuhuja gained 1,795 votes. Jens Schneider of the RDP came second with 1,169 votes, followed by Raymond Reginald Diergaardt of the Democratic Turnhalle Alliance (DTA) with 743 votes.
In the 2020 regional election an opposition candidate became constituency councillor again. Kephas Brian Black of the Independent Patriots for Change (IPC), an opposition party formed in August 2020, won with 3,715 votes, followed by Petrus Cornelius Senekal of the Popular Democratic Movement (PDM, the new name of the DTA) with 2,511 votes. The SWAPO candidate Felix Tjozongoro came only third, gathering 1,615 votes.
# Sainte-Nathalène

Sainte-Nathalène (French pronunciation:; Occitan: Senta Nalena) is a commune in the Dordogne department in Nouvelle-Aquitaine in southwestern France.
# Tesco Stores Ltd v Dundee City Council

Tesco Stores Ltd v Dundee City Council [2012] UKSC 13 was a case before the Supreme Court of the United Kingdom in 2012 concerning planning permission in Scotland.

## Background

Tesco, a supermarket company had, in 2010, sought a judicial review of Dundee City Council's grant of planning permission to Asda, another supermarket company, on site within 800m of one of Tesco's stores. The Court of Sessions, both the Outer House and the Inner House had refused leave. Tesco claimed that the council had failed to properly apply the sequential test.
Tesco appealed to the Supreme Court.

## Arguments

Tesco said that where there was a dispute over the meaning of a policy in the development plan it was for courts to determine the meaning. A planning authority attaching meaning to words they were capable of bearing, made an error of law.

## Opinion

The court agreed that the meaning of words was a matter for courts while reiterating that policy statements should not be read as statutory or contractual wording would, and decisions were subject to planning judgment. The exercise of planning judgment could only be challenged because it was irrational or perverse.
An error in interpretation would only be material if there was a reasonable chance that it would have affected the outcome. The court was not convinced that this was the case.
The court dismissed the appeal.

## Use

R (Zurich Assurance Ltd t/a Threadneedle Property Investments) v North Lincolnshire Council [2012] EWHC 3708 (Admin), Hickinbottom J cited, at Para 61, both Lord Reed (aara 24 including "the question remains… whether an alternative site is suitable for the proposed development, not whether the proposed development can be altered or reduced so that it can be made to fit an alternative site" and Hope (Para 38 including "the issue of suitability is directed to the developer's proposals, not some alternative scheme which might be suggested" and "these criteria are designed for use in the real world"), in terms of understanding "suitability" in NPPF, a planning policy framework akin to the SPP considered by the Supreme Court.
# Muysky District

Muysky District (Russian: Му́йский райо́н; Buryat: Муяын аймаг, Muyayn aimag) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the twenty-one in the Republic of Buryatia, Russia. It is located in the northeast of the republic. The area of the district is 25,164.1 square kilometers (9,715.9 sq mi). Its administrative center is the urban locality (an urban-type settlement) of Taksimo. As of the 2010 Census, the total population of the district was 13,142, with the population of Taksimo accounting for 71.8% of that number.

## History

The district was established on October 23, 1989 from parts of the territories of Bauntovsky and Severo-Baykalsky Districts.

## Administrative and municipal status

Within the framework of administrative divisions, Muysky District is one of the twenty-one in the Republic of Buryatia. It is divided into two urban-type settlements (administrative divisions with the administrative centers, correspondingly, in the urban-type settlements (inhabited localities) of Severomuysk and Taksimo) and two selsoviets, which comprise six rural localities. As a municipal division, the district is incorporated as Muysky Municipal District. Severomuysk Urban-Type Settlement is incorporated as an urban settlement within the municipal district. The other urban settlement within the municipal district incorporates two administrative divisions—Taksimo Urban-Type Settlement and Bambuysky Selsoviet. The remaining selsoviet is incorporated as a rural settlement within the municipal district. The urban-type settlement of Taksimo serves as the administrative center of both the administrative and municipal district.