OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Château de Jaulny

The Château de Jaulny is a castle in the commune of Jaulny in the Meurthe-et-Moselle département of France. It has been listed since 1966 as a monument historique by the French Ministry of Culture.
Military occupation of the site has been known since the 12th century. The fortified U-shaped house dates from the end of 15th or the beginning of the 16th century. An enclosing wall was built in second half of the 17th century. The site was transformed during the 18th century with a home built against the southern wall. Below the western wing are arched cellars dating from the 16th century. In spite of the successive alterations, the castle preserves the composition of the 16th century.

## Joan of Arc?

Local tradition since the Middle Ages has it that Joan of Arc, contrary to accepted wisdom, was not from Arc but that she was married to Robert des Armoises. Legend also has it that, far from being burned and her ashes being thrown into the Seine, she is actually buried in Pulligny sur Madon. In 1871, two portraits were discovered when plaster was removed from a 15th-century chimney. The village mayor confirmed that his great great grandfather had covered the portraits on the orders of Monsieur des Armoises before the French Revolution and that they were of Joan and her husband, Robert des Armoises. Several books have been published on this theory.

## The castle today

The Château de Jaulny is privately owned and operated as a guest house with restaurant.
# Chanae district

Chanae (Thai: จะแนะ, pronounced) is a district (amphoe) in the southern part of Narathiwat province, southern Thailand.

## History

Tambons Dusong Yo and Chanae were separated from Ra-ngae district to create Chanae minor district (king amphoe) on 15 July 1983. It was upgraded to a full district on 1 January 1988.
Chanae is the Malay name of a native Colocasia species.

## Geography

Neighboring districts are (from the west clockwise): Betong, and Than To of Yala province; Sisakhon, Ra-ngae, and Sukhirin of Narathiwat province and the state Perak of Malaysia.

## Demographics

In 1963, the Thai government launched the Nikhom Sang Ton Eng Pak Tai ('self-development community in the south') program to move families from Thailand's northeastern and central provinces to the Chanae and Sukhirin Districts of Narathiwat. A total of 5,633 families were relocated to Narathiwat, where each family was rewarded with 18 rai of land.

## Administration
### Central administration

Chanae is divided into four sub-districts (tambons), which are further subdivided into 31 administrative villages (mubans).
| No. | Name | Thai | Villages | Pop. |
| 01. | Chanae | จะแนะ | 10 | 13,387 |
| 02. | Dusongyo | ดุซงญอ | 08 | 09,885 |
| 03. | Phadung Mat | ผดุงมาตร | 06 | 06,350 |
| 04. | Chang Phueak | ช้างเผือก | 07 | 07,412 |

### Local administration

There are four sub-district administrative organizations (SAO) in the district:
* Chanae (Thai: องค์การบริหารส่วนตำบลจะแนะ) consisting of sub-district Chanae.
* Dusongyo (Thai: องค์การบริหารส่วนตำบลดุซงญอ) consisting of sub-district Dusongyo.
* Phadung Mat (Thai: องค์การบริหารส่วนตำบลผดุงมาตร) consisting of sub-district Phadung Mat.
* Chang Phueak (Thai: องค์การบริหารส่วนตำบลช้างเผือก) consisting of sub-district Chang Phueak.
# Valley of the Seven Castles

The Valley of the Seven Castles (Luxembourgish: Dall vun de siwe Schlässer; French: Vallée des sept châteaux) is an informal name given to the Äischdall, the valley of the Eisch river, in central Luxembourg. The valley stretches from the confluence with the Alzette upstream to Steinfort, on the border with Belgium. The entire route can be traversed in about an hour by car, starting near the town of Arlon on the Belgian/Luxembourg border. There is also a 37-kilometre footpath that takes hikers along the valley and past the castles.
It is named after the group of seven castles that line its route. Those seven castles are (in order, heading upstream):
* Mersch
* Schoenfels
* Hollenfels
* Ansembourg Castle
* New Castle of Ansembourg
* Septfontaines
* Koerich Castle
* Mersch Castle
* Schoenfels Castle
* Hollenfels Castle
* Old castle, Ansembourg
* New castle, Ansembourg
* Septfontaines Castle
* Koerich Castle
* Valley of the Seven Castles Map
# Hexagram (currency)

The hexagram (Greek: ἑξάγραμμα, hexagramma) was a large silver coin of the Byzantine Empire issued primarily during the 7th century AD.
With the exception of a few 6th-century ceremonial issues, silver coins were not used in the late Roman/early Byzantine monetary system (see Byzantine coinage), chiefly because of the great fluctuation of its price relative to gold. Only under Emperor Heraclius (r. 610–641), in 615, were new silver coins minted to cover the needs of the war with Sassanid Persia. The material for these coins came chiefly from the confiscation of church plate. They were named after their weight of six grammata (6.84 grams), and probably valued at 12 to the gold solidus. The Hexagrams uniquely carried the inscription of Deus adiuta Romanis or "May God help the Romans"; It is believed that this shows the desperation of the empire at this time.
The coin remained in regular issue under Heraclius's successor Constans II (r. 641–668), from whose reign many specimens survive, but becomes rarer for Constantine IV (r. 668–685), and thereafter seems to have been only occasionally minted as a ceremonial coin until Theodosius III (r. 715–717). In 720 Emperor Leo III the Isaurian (r. 717–741) issued a new silver coin, the miliaresion.
# Budacu de Jos

Budacu de Jos (German: Deutsch-Budak; Hungarian: Szászbudak) is a commune in Bistrița-Năsăud County, Transylvania, Romania. It is composed of five villages: Budacu de Jos, Buduș (Alsóbudak;Budesdorf), Jelna (Kiszsolna; Senndorf), Monariu (Malomárka; Minarken), and Simionești (Simontelke; Seimersdorf).

## Geography

The commune is situated on the Transylvanian Plateau, at the foot of the Călimani Mountains. The river Budac (a tributary of the Șieu) flows through the commune.
Located in the Nösnerland historic region of Transylvania, Budacu de Jos lies in the south-central part of Bistrița-Năsăud County, 6 km (3.7 mi) south of the county seat, Bistrița. County road DJ172G connects the component villages of the commune, while road DJ173C leads to the city of Bistrița.

## Demographics

At the 2011 census, Budacu de Jos had 2,772 inhabitants, of which 78.97% were Romanians and 17.93% Roma. At the 2021 census the population had increased to 3,289, of which 78.63% were Romanians and 15.66% Roma.

## Sights

* Wooden church of Budacu de Jos [ro]
* Lutheran church of Budacu de Jos [ro]
* Lutheran church of Jelna [ro]
* Lutheran church of Monariu [ro]

## Natives

* Iulian Pop (1880 – 1923), lawyer and politician, first Romanian Mayor of Cluj
# Rukesh

Rukesh (Persian: روكش, also Romanized as Rūkesh) is a village in Pain Khiyaban-e Litkuh Rural District, in the Central District of Amol County, Mazandaran Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 391, in 93 families.
# Sulcalization

Sulcalization (from Latin: sulcus 'groove'), also called internal rounding, in phonetics, is the pronunciation of a sound, typically a sibilant consonant, such as English /s/ and /z/, with a deep groove running along the back of the tongue that focuses the airstream on the teeth, producing a more intense sound. This is accomplished by raising the sides of the back of the tongue ("lateral contraction") and leaving a hollow along the mid-line. It is not clear if all sibilants are grooved to at least some extent. Catford (1977) observed that the degree of tongue grooving differs between places of articulation as well as between languages; however, no language is known to contrast sibilants based purely on the presence or absence of tongue grooving.
English /ɹ/, which allows various tongue positions without apparent distinction, may also receive its characteristic quality from having a grooved tongue shape. /θ/ has also been reported to show tongue grooving in English, despite being a non-sibilant fricative (Stone & Lundberg 1996).
Albanian /ɫ/, but not /l/, has also been described as being produced with accompanying sulcalization (Lowman 1932: 278).
In phonology and historical linguistics, sulcalization is the development of such a groove in a non-sulcal consonant. For example, close vowels triggered this effect in Japanese, where historic *tu and *ti have become [tsu] and [tɕi], respectively. A similar sound change also took place in the history of the Senufo languages. (The palatalization of *tsi to [tɕi] in Japanese is a different process and does not occur in Senufo.)
Vowels may also be sulcalized, which has been described as giving them a "throaty" sound (Jones 1967: 82). The /ɒ/ vowel of Received Pronunciation, which is normally described as a rounded, is pronounced by some speakers without rounded lips for whom the characteristic quality is rather one of sulcality (Lass 1984: 124).
One scholar has also suggested that the vowel in the RP pronunciation of words like bird, typically transcribed [ɜ], is actually a sulcal schwa, retaining the sulcality of the original rhotic consonant. Accordingly, the realization of the /ə/-element of the centring diphthongs /ɪə̯/, /ʊə̯/, /ɛə̯/ in words such as near, pure and scare, is interpreted as the product of a loss of sulcality (Erickson 2003: 197).
# National Route 332 (Costa Rica)

National Tertiary Route 332, or just Route 332 (Spanish: Ruta Nacional Terciaria 332, or Ruta 332) is a National Road Route of Costa Rica, located in the San José province.

## Description

In San José province the route covers Pérez Zeledón canton (Pejibaye, La Amistad districts).
# Deh Emamzadeh-ye Biseytun

Deh Emamzadeh-ye Biseytun (Persian: ده امامزاده بي سيتون, also Romanized as Deh Emāmzādeh-ye Bīseytūn) is a village in Tayebi-ye Sarhadi-ye Gharbi Rural District, Charusa District, Kohgiluyeh County, Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 422, in 83 families.
# Grampian Police Pipe Band

Grampian Police Scotland Pipe Band is a Grade 2 pipe band from the North East of Scotland and is associated with Grampian Police. The band is open to both civilians and members of the police force.

## History

The band was formed as Aberdeen City Police Pipe Band in 1907, wearing the Hunting Gordon tartan. In 1965 a new uniform was introduced with the Black Stewart tartan.
The merger of police forces in the north of Scotland to create Grampian police resulted in the present name of the band being adopted.
The band was promoted to Grade 1 for the start of the 1995 season, until it moved back to Grade 2 in 2005. For the 2012 season, the band returned to Grade 1, having changed both its pipe major and drum sergeant. It placed 16th overall in the 2012 World Pipe Band Championships.
After a 6 year hiatus, in October 2024, the band reformed under the leadership of Pipe Major Julie Brinklow and Leading Drummer Lucy Maclean.

## Events

The band plays at highland games and RSPBA competitions as well as police and community events. In 1990, the band played for the Queen Mother to celebrate her 90th birthday.

## Discography

* The Bluebells of Scotland, Flower of Scotland (1995)
* The Pipes & Drums of Scotland (2005)
* Police Pipe Bands of Scotland (2010)
* Best of Scottish Pipes and Drums (2010)
* Marches Ecossaises (2011)
# Judy Michiels van Kessenich

Juliana "Judy" Cecilia Paulina Michiels van Kessenich (1901-1972) was a Dutch artist.

## Biography

Kessenich was born on 21 April 1901 in Roermond. Her teachers included Georges Baltus and André Lhote. She traveled throughout Europe including Austria, Brussels, France, and Germany. Kessenich married the politician Sweder Ferdinandus Antonius Canisius Maria van Wijnbergen [nl]. Kessenich's work was included in the 1939 exhibition and sale Onze Kunst van Heden (Our Art of Today) at the Rijksmuseum in Amsterdam. She was a member of the Vereeniging Haagsche Kunstkring and the Pulchri Studio.
Kessenich died on 17 May 1972 in The Hague.
# Mexico Aztecas

The Mexico Aztecas (or Mexico City Aztecs, Aztecas de México) were a professional basketball team in the Continental Basketball Association (CBA). Created as an experiment in fielding a team outside the United States and Canada, it played one season, the 1994–95 season.

## History

One of the largest cities in the Western Hemisphere, Mexico City has a significant fan interest in basketball. In 1994, the owner of the Fargo-Moorhead Fever, Doug Logan, decided to move his team to the Mexican capital; in earlier incarnations, the club had played as the Detroit Spirits (1982/83 to 1985/86), the Savannah Spirits (1986/87 to 1987/88), the Tulsa Fast Breakers (1988/89 to 1990/91) and the Tulsa Zone (1991/92).
The Aztecas played their home games at the Palacio de los Deportes (Sports Palace), where they were supported by a popular cheerleading squad. This was the same facility in which the United States basketball team won the gold medal in the 1968 Olympics. Mack Calvin was named the new head coach and general manager. The Aztecas opened their season on November 18, 1994, at the Oklahoma City Cavalry. Two days later, they went on to delight their fans with a 90-88 win over the Chicago Rockers in their first home game. Attendance at the Palacio was 8,295.
During the season, the Aztecas produced at least two NBA call-ups, Steve Henson in early November and Greg Grant in 1995. The Aztecas also drafted Andy Olivarez, formerly of USC and a member of the Mexico National Team, and is considered the best player in CIMEBA and on the national team them. On February 10, 1995 the team lost 159-154 to the Tri-City Chinook in double overtime; this, despite the fact that Mexico City was nearly one hundred times the size of the Chinook's home of Kennewick, Washington, possibly the largest disparity in North American sports history.
Despite a 19-37 record (lost tie-breaker), the Aztecas' home attendance was huge by CBA standards, with several announced crowds over 9,000. In their final home game of the season, they beat the Omaha Racers 124-109 before 12,587 fans, an all-time record for the CBA. But it wasn't enough to keep the team south of the border. In December 1994, the Mexican peso crashed, losing half of its value against the U.S. dollar, ultimately costing over a million Mexicans their jobs in the recession that followed. Most of the Aztecas' expenses, primarily player salaries, were in American dollars, but revenues, including ticket sales, were in the now devalued peso. Logan could not afford another season in Mexico. On September 20, 1995, the Aztecas announced their move to San Diego, as the San Diego Wildcards. They played just 21 games there (with a 4-17 record in front of much smaller crowds than the ones in Mexico) before folding in January 1996.

## Roster

Source
* Dexter Boney
* Mark Boyd
* Craig Brown
* Joey Brown
* Luther Burks
* Demetrius Calip
* James Carter
* Derrick Chandler
* Joe Courtney
* Greg Grant
* Al Hamilton
* Steve Henson
* Alex Holcombe
* Kermit Holmes
* Byron Irvin
* Ryan Lorthridge
* Jorge Manzano
* Alan Ogg
* Andy Olivarez
* Scott Paddock
* Stan Rose
* Fred Vinson
* Leonard White
# Kelikan

Kelikan (Persian: كليكان, also Romanized as Kelīkān; also known as Kolahkān) is a village in Harazpey-ye Jonubi Rural District, in the Central District of Amol County, Mazandaran Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 394, in 101 families.
# Cheung Wing-in

Cheung Wing-in, JP (Chinese: 張永賢; 1920 – 10 September 2010) was a Hong Kong solicitor, educator and politician.

## Biography

He was born in Canton, China, in 1920. He graduated from Queen's College, Hong Kong in 1939 and was educated at the University of Hong Kong, studying Literature. In 1953, he obtained the qualification of solicitor in England and opened his own law firm in 1967. He later became notary public and among the first China-appointed attesting officers, He was awarded honorary member of the Law Society of Hong Kong in 2002.
In 1962, Cheung and his sisters and also other University of Hong Kong alumni formed the Cognitio College (Hong Kong) in which he served as chancellor. He was also founding director of the Lung Kong World Federation School in 1977. He was also the honorary adviser of the Queen's College. He was long-time chairman of the Boys' and Girls' Clubs Association of Hong Kong from 1969 to 2000.
He first contested in the 1959 municipal election for the Urban Council of Hong Kong as a candidate of the Hong Kong Civic Association but was not elected. He gained a seat in the 1963 election and served until 1967 when he failed to get re-elected. He had been chairman of the Hong Kong Civic Association and joined the Hong Kong Chinese Reform Association as its legal adviser in 1977 and became its honorary chairman in 1993.
He died at the Hong Kong Sanatorium and Hospital on 10 September 2010.
# Ruslan Polovinko

Ruslan Polovinko (Ukrainian: Руслан Олександрович Половинко; 21 October 1969 – 6 August 1992) was a Ukrainian–Azerbaijani helicopter pilot and lieutenant, who participated in the First Nagorno-Karabakh War within Azerbaijani military. For his actions in the war he was posthumously awarded the title of the National Hero of Azerbaijan.

## Biography

Polovinko was born on 21 October 1969, in Zmiiv of the Kharkiv Oblast of Ukraine. In 1987, he enrolled at the Syzran Higher Military Aviation School in Syzran, Russia. After graduating from high school in 1991, he was sent to serve in the Nakhchivan. After the formation of Azerbaijani Air Forces, he continued his service in the Baku Helicopter Squadron.

### Military service

From 1991, he began to fight in the First Nagorno-Karabakh War. Polovinko showed high heroism in the battles for Gubadly, Lachin and Aghdere. On 6 August 1992, after the receipt of information about the siege of Azerbaijani military by the Armenian forces on the Kasapet height, the crew of Mi-24 helicopter, consisting of Ruslan Polovinko, Zakir Majidov (commander) and Javanshir Rahimov rushed to help them to evacuate. After flying three sorties of attacking enemy positions and evacuating injured and fallen soldiers, they were shot down on their fourth flight, resulting in the death of all crew members.
Polovinko was posthumously awarded the title of the National Hero of Azerbaijan on 14 September 1992, by the decree no. 204 of the President of Azerbaijan. He was buried in his native town of Zmiiv. Polovinko was single.
# Sisurcana procidua

Sisurcana procidua is a species of moth of the family Tortricidae. It is found in Ecuador (Morona-Santiago Province, Zamora-Chinchipe Province) and Peru at elevations of 1,700–2,460 m (5,580–8,070 ft) above sea level.
The wing span is 19–20 mm (0.75–0.79 in).
# Kosmos 400

Kosmos 400 (Russian: Космос 400 meaning Cosmos 400), also known as DS-P1-M No.3 was a satellite which was used as a target for tests of anti-satellite weapons. It was launched by the Soviet Union in 1971 as part of the Dnepropetrovsk Sputnik programme, and used as a target for Kosmos 404, as part of the Istrebitel Sputnikov programme.

## Launch

It was launched aboard a Kosmos-3M carrier rocket, from Site 132/1 at the Plesetsk Cosmodrome. The launch occurred at 21:45:00 UTC on 18 March 1971.

## Orbit

Kosmos 400 was placed into a low Earth orbit with a perigee of 990 kilometres (620 mi), an apogee of 995 kilometres (618 mi), 65.8 degrees of inclination, and an orbital period of 105 minutes. It was successfully intercepted and destroyed by Kosmos 404 on 4 April. As of 2009, debris is still in orbit.
Kosmos 400 was the third of the five original DS-P1-M satellites to be launched, of which all but the first were successful. Following the five initial launches the DS-P1-M satellite was replaced with a derivative, Lira.
# August Gutzmer

Karl Friedrich August Gutzmer (2 February 1860 – 10 May 1924) was a German mathematician who was chairman of some German commissions about improvement of the teaching of mathematics.

## Life and work

Gutzmer was born near Schwerin but his family moved to Berlin when he was eight years old. In Berlin he studied in Friedrichswerdersche Gymnasium till 1881. From 1881 to 1884 he attended mathematics lectures at Berlin University despite not being registered as a student. He graduated in 1887 in Berlin.
He began his academic career publishing five articles in the Portuguese journal Jornal de Sciencias mathematicas e astronomicas (best known as Teixeira's Journal) between 1887 and 1890. In 1893 he was awarded a doctorate submitting at the University of Halle a dissertation about certain partial differential equations. Married in the same year, he left his academic career to manage his wife's lands. In 1894 he returned to teaching at the Technische Hochschule in Charlottenburg (now Technische Universität Berlin) and the following year he obtained his venia legendi at the University of Halle where he taught as assistant professor till 1899.
From 1900 to 1905 he was full professor at the University of Jena. In 1905 he returned to Halle University succeeding Georg Cantor, where he remained till his death in 1924. He was rector of the university (1914–1915), chairman of the German Committee for Mathematical and Scientific Teaching (1908–1913), member of the Academy of Sciences Leopoldina from 1900 and his president from 1922 to 1924. At the International Congress of Mathematicians he was an invited speaker in 1904 in Heidelberg and in 1908 in Rome.
Gutzmer published more than forty works; among them, the reports about the activities of the teaching committee are specially relevant. He also wrote a history of the German Mathematical Society.
# Ed James (writer)

Edward James (June 5, 1908 – March 6, 1995) was an American television writer and television producer during the 1950s and 1960s. Among his credits are contributions to the long-running television sitcoms Father Knows Best (based on the characters created by Ed James) and F Troop. He also produced the 1959 film No Place Like Home

## Career

James' career as a comedy writer spanned four decades, and encompassed work in both radio and television. After working as a freelance writer, it was in 1949 that he had the idea for the sitcom Father Knows Best. He wrote the pilot episode which aired on U.S. radio. The series later enjoyed a successful television run during the 1950s and early '60s. James went on to write for other shows, including Leave It to Beaver, F Troop and My Favorite Martian. He retired in 1972, and died 23 years later in San Diego, California.

## Television

* Lux Video Theater (1956–1957)
* Leave It to Beaver (1958)
* Armchair Theatre (1959)
* The Many Loves of Dobie Gillis (1959)
* No Place Like Home (1959) writer/producer
* Father Knows Best (1960)
* Shirley Temple's Storybook (1960)
* My Favorite Martian (1963)
* Petticoat Junction (1963–1964)
* Grindl (1964)
* The Addams Family (1964)
* My Three Sons (1963–1964)
* No Time for Sergeants
* F Troop (1965–1966)
* The Jean Arthur Show (1966)
* Family Affair (1967–1968)

## Personal life

Ed James married Louise E Neagley (a secretary at NBC) in 1955, a union which produced one daughter, Jacqueline (“Lyn”). He adopted a daughter, Jennifer, during his previous marriage and adopted Louise's youngest son, Steven, from her previous marriage. Ed and Louise were married until his death in 1995. Louise died in 2011.