OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# 2023 Birmingham Classic

The 2023 Birmingham Classic (also known as the Rothesay Classic Birmingham for sponsorship reasons) was a women's tennis tournament that was played on outdoor grass courts. It was the 41st edition of the event, and a WTA 250 tournament on the 2023 WTA Tour. It took place at the Edgbaston Priory Club in Birmingham, United Kingdom, on 19–25 June 2023.

## Champions
### Singles

* Jeļena Ostapenko def. Barbora Krejčíková, 7–6$^{(10–8)}$, 6–4

### Doubles

* Marta Kostyuk / Barbora Krejčíková def. Storm Hunter / Alycia Parks, 6–2, 7–6$^{(9–7)}$

## Points distribution

| Event | W | F | SF | QF | Round of 16 | Round of 32$^1$ | Q | Q2 | Q1 |
| Singles | 280 | 180 | 110 | 60 | 30 | 1 | 18 | 12 | 1 |
| Doubles | 280 | 180 | 110 | 60 | 1 | — | — | — | — |

## Singles main draw entrants
### Seeds

| Country | Player | Rank$^1$ | Seed |
| CZE | Barbora Krejčíková | 12 | 1 |
| LAT | Jeļena Ostapenko | 17 | 2 |
| POL | Magda Linette | 21 | 3 |
| | Anastasia Potapova | 22 | 4 |
| UKR | Anhelina Kalinina | 25 | 5 |
| USA | Bernarda Pera | 27 | 6 |
| CHN | Zhang Shuai | 31 | 7 |
| ROU | Sorana Cîrstea | 32 | 8 |
* $^1$ Rankings are as of 12 June 2023.

### Other entrants

The following players received wildcards into the main draw:
* Jodie Burrage
* Harriet Dart
* Elina Svitolina
* Venus Williams
The following player received entry using a protected ranking:
* Barbora Strýcová
The following player received entry as a special exempt:
* Katie Boulter
The following players received entry from the qualifying draw:
* Emina Bektas
* Ana Bogdan
* Cristina Bucșa
* Magdalena Fręch
* Tereza Martincová
* Wang Xiyu
The following players received entry as lucky losers:
* Rebecca Marino
* Viktoriya Tomova

### Withdrawals

* Beatriz Haddad Maia → replaced by Viktoriya Tomova
* Elisabetta Cocciaretto → replaced by Rebecca Marino
* Madison Keys → replaced by Linda Fruhvirtová
* Elise Mertens → replaced by Lauren Davis
* Ajla Tomljanović → replaced by Caty McNally

## Doubles main draw entrants
### Seeds

| Country | Player | Country | Player | Rank$^1$ | Seed |
| UKR | Lyudmyla Kichenok | LAT | Jeļena Ostapenko | 29 | 1 |
| UKR | Marta Kostyuk | CZE | Barbora Krejčíková | 32 | 2 |
| AUS | Storm Hunter | USA | Alycia Parks | 45 | 3 |
| CZE | Miriam Kolodziejová | SVK | Tereza Mihalíková | 89 | 4 |
* $^1$ Rankings are as of 12 June 2023.

### Other entrants

The following pairs received wildcards into the doubles main draw:
* Alicia Barnett / Olivia Nicholls
* Freya Christie / Ali Collins
# Kärstna

Kärstna is a village in Viljandi Parish, Viljandi County, Estonia. Until the 2017 administrative reform of Estonian municipalities the village was located in Tarvastu Parish.

## Kärstna manor

Kärstna (German: Kerstenshof) manor traces its history back to 1678, when the estate was founded. Subsequently, it belonged to various Baltic German families from the local upper-class. In 1740, it became the property of the Anrep family and stayed in their hands for much of its later history. It thus was the property of explorer Reinhold von Anrep-Elmpt, his father Russian general Joseph Carl von Anrep, and his father, Reinhold von Arnep, also a general. A monument commemorating the latter, who died in the Battle of Mohrungen during the War of the Fourth Coalition, is located near the manor house. The manor house was built in the mid-18th century and rebuilt in the early 20th century, but was destroyed in a fire soon after. The building received its present appearance during the subsequent rebuilding, led by Riga-based architect Otto Wildau. A park was laid out for the house in 1904, designed by Walter von Engelhardt, also from Riga.
# Deh Miridallah Rak

Deh Miridallah Rak (Persian: ده ميريداله راك, also Romanized as Deh Mīrīdāllah Rāk) is a village in Rak Rural District, in the Central District of Kohgiluyeh County, Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 38, in 7 families.
# Ganson Purcell

Ganson Purcell (1905 – November 21, 1967) served as chairman of the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission between 1942 and 1946 and also served as a member from 1941 to 1946 as the replacement to Jerome Frank. He graduated from Williams College in 1927 and Harvard Law School in 1930.
# Richetia chaiana

Richetia chaiana is a species of tree in the family Dipterocarpaceae. It is a tree endemic to Sarawak and Brunei on Borneo. It is a large tree, growing up to 45 metres tall, native to lowland rain forest up to 1000 metres elevation.
# Sárbogárd

Sárbogárd (German: Bochart) is a town in Fejér county, Hungary. The town is at the intersection of important railroad routes in Hungary: this is where electrified routes from Balaton and Pécs merge with non-electrified railways from Baja and Szekszárd. A double electrified track runs from Sárbogárd to Budapest allowing MÁV trains to provide quick access to the capital.

## Twin towns — sister cities

Sárbogárd is twinned with:
* Bene, Ukraine
* Zetea, Romania

## Notable people

* Zoltán Lengyel (1960–), politician
* Géza Mészöly (1844–1887), Romantic painter
* Lajos Májer (1956–1998), footballer
* Béla Jurcsek (1893–1945), politician, Minister of Agriculture
* Gábor Varga (1968–), politician

## Gallery

* The map of Sárbogárd from the First Military Mapping Survey of Austria Empire
* The map of Sárbogárd from the Second Military Mapping Survey of Austria Empire
* The map of Sárbogárd from the 3rd Military Mapping Survey of Austria Empire
# Cai Rukai

Cai Rukai (Chinese: 蔡儒楷; pinyin: Cài Rúkǎi; 1867 – 1923) was a Chinese politician and educator of the late Qing dynasty and early Republican period.

## Biography

Cai was born in Nanchang, Jiangxi in 1867. During the reign of Guangxu Emperor in the Qing dynasty, he successfully achieved the rank of Juren (traditional Chinese: 舉人; simplified Chinese: 举人) on the imperial examination.
In January 1906 he became supervisor of Imperial Peiyang University, and served until December 1911. In 1912, after the establishment of the Republic of China, he became director of Zhili Education Bureau, a position at provincial level. Under the Beiyang government, he served as President of National Peiyang University between February 1913 and March 1914, and then he rose to become Minister of Education. In December 1915, after Yuan Shikai's accession to the throne, Yuan conferred the title of "Barons of the First Rank" (一等男) to him. In 1921 he was appointed general manager of Nanchang–Jiujiang railway, serving in the post until he died in 1923.

## Personal life

Cai has a daughter, Cai Baozhen (蔡葆真), who once served as president of Beijing Children's Library, she was married to Ying Qianli (1900–1969), a prominent Catholic layman and educator.
# Gol Zadini-ye Zirkal

Gol Zadini-ye Zirkal (Persian: گل زديني زيركل, also Romanized as Gol Zadanī-ye Zīrkal; also known as Gol Zadanī) is a village in Tayebi-ye Sarhadi-ye Sharqi Rural District, Charusa District, Kohgiluyeh County, Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 21, in 6 families.
# Chaker Bazar

Chaker Bazar (Persian: چاكربازار, also Romanized as Chāker Bāzār; also known as Shāker Bāzār) is a village in Polan Rural District, Polan District, Chabahar County, Sistan and Baluchestan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 258, in 48 families.
# Stone House Hospital

Stone House Hospital was a hospital and former mental illness treatment facility in Stone, near Dartford, Kent, in the United Kingdom.

## History

Stone House was originally constructed between 1862 and 1866 at the behest of the London Commissioners in Lunacy to provide for destitute mentally ill patients from the London area at a cost of £65,000. The buildings were designed in a Tudor Revival architecture style by James Bunstone Bunning, and the facility accommodated 220 patients. The asylum grounds, at first 33 acres (130,000 m$^2$) and later expanded to 140 acres (0.57 km$^2$), included a working farm. It opened as the City of London Lunatic Asylum in April 1866.
Additions to the original buildings were made in 1874, 1878, and 1885, including an expanded female wing and a separate hospital building for patients with infectious diseases. After 1892, the asylum was able to take "private" patients (patients whose fees were paid by their families, or from pensions). The influx of private patients resulted in a budget surplus, and enabled expansion and improvements of the asylum's facilities.
The first medical superintendent of the Asylum was Dr. Octavius Jepson, who served from the opening of the facility until 1887; on his death twelve years later, he was buried in the asylum's cemetery. He was succeeded by Dr. Ernest White, who served until his retirement in 1904. The third superintendent was Dr. Robert Hunter Steen, who was in turn succeeded in 1924 by Dr. William Robinson. Robinson retired in 1942, but due to wartime staff shortages his permanent replacement, Dr. Hardwick, was not appointed until 1946; on the takeover by the National Health Service his new title became Physician Superintendent, which brought additional powers and responsibilities.
Among its most famous patients was the poet and composer Ivor Gurney, who arrived in 1922 and resided there until his death. The facility was renamed the City of London Mental Hospital in 1924 and it joined the National Health Service as Stone House Hospital in 1948.
After the hospital closed in 2005, English Partnerships sought bids for its redevelopment into luxury flats in 2007 and the main hospital, staff residences and chapel have since been converted for residential use.
# Hugo Jonsson

Hugo Alarik Jonsson (25 February 1884 – 9 April 1949) was a Finnish swimmer who competed at the 1908 Summer Olympics.

## Aquatics
### Olympics

Hugo Jonsson at the Olympic Games :
| Games | Event | Stage | Rank | Time | Notes |
| 1908 Summer Olympics | 100 metre backstroke | First round | 3rd in heat | unknown | Did not advance. Source: |
| 1908 Summer Olympics | 200 metre breaststroke | First round | Did not finish | Did not finish | Did not advance. Source: |

### National

He won some Finnish national championships in aquatics:
* 4 × 50 metre freestyle relay: 1907
* Water polo: 1908, 1910, 1911
He was the chairman of the club Helsingfors Simsällskap in 1913, and a board member in 1908–1911 and 1925–1930.

## Other

His father was a master stonecutter. He married Ellen Maria Forstén in 1914.
He received the Cross of Liberty, 4th Class and the Commemorative Medal of the Liberation War.

## Sources

* Siukonen, Markku (2001). Urheilukunniamme puolustajat. Suomen olympiaedustajat 1906–2000. Suuri olympiateos (in Finnish). Jyväskylä: Graface. p. 96. ISBN 951-98673-1-7.
# Kenneth Grant (disambiguation)

Kenneth Grant (1924–2011) was an English occultist.
Kenneth Grant may also refer to:
* Kenneth J. Grant (1839–1932), Canadian Presbyterian missionary
* Kenneth Grant (politician) (1866–1922), member of the Queensland Legislative Assembly
* Kenneth Grant (umpire) (1899–1989), West Indian cricket umpire
* Kenneth Grant (bishop) (1900–1959), Scottish Roman Catholic bishop
* Ken Grant (born 1967), photographer
* Kenneth Grant (American football) (born 2003), American football player
* Kenny Grant, American-Swedish basketball player and coach
# Gymnastics at the Pan American Games – Women's balance beam

Women's events at the Gymnastics at the Pan American Games were first held at the 1959 Pan American Games.
Three medals are awarded: gold for first place, silver for second place, and bronze for third place. Tie breakers have not been used in every year. In the event of a tie between two gymnasts, both names are listed, and the following position (second for a tie for first, third for a tie for second) is left empty because a medal was not awarded for that position. If three gymnastics tied for a position, the following two positions are left empty.

## Medalists

| Year | Location | Gold | Silver | Bronze |
| 1959 | Chicago | Theresa Montefusco | Ernestine Russell | Sharon Phelps |
| 1963 | São Paulo | Doris Fuchs | Dorothy Haworth | Gail Daley |
| 1967 | Winnipeg | Linda Metheny | Deborah Bailey | Zulima Bregado |
| 1971 | Cali | Kim Chace | Vivian Garcia | Linda Metheny Roxanne Pierce |
| 1975 | Mexico City | Ann Carr | Kolleen Casey | Roxanne Pierce |
| 1979 | San Juan | Sherry Hawco | Jackie Cassello | Elsa Chivas Monica Goermann |
| 1983 | Caracas | Elsa Chivas | Orisel Martinez | Tracy Butler |
| 1987 | Indianapolis | Kelly Garrison | Tania Guia | Sabrina Mar Elsa Chivas |
| 1991 | Havana | Leyanet Gonzalez Stephanie Woods | — | Odaimis Jimenez Luisa Portocarrero |
| 1995 | Mar del Plata | Amanda Borden | Annia Portuondo | Leyanet Gonzalez |
| 1999 | Winnipeg | Lise Leveille | Barbara Rivarola | Melina Sirolli |
| 2003 | Santo Domingo | Nastia Liukin | Daniele Hypólito | Chellsie Memmel |
| 2007 | Rio de Janeiro | Shawn Johnson | Nastia Liukin | Daniele Hypólito |
| 2011 | Guadalajara | Ana Sofía Gómez | Kristina Vaculik | Daniele Hypólito |
| 2015 | Toronto | Ellie Black | Megan Skaggs | Victoria Woo |
| 2019 | Lima | Kara Eaker | Ellie Black | Riley McCusker |
| 2023 | Santiago | Rebeca Andrade | Flávia Saraiva | Ava Stewart |

## Medal table

| Rank | Nation | Gold | Silver | Bronze | Total |
| 1 | United States (USA) | 11 | 5 | 8 | 24 |
| 2 | Canada (CAN) | 3 | 4 | 4 | 11 |
| 3 | Cuba (CUB) | 2 | 4 | 5 | 11 |
| 4 | Brazil (BRA) | 1 | 2 | 2 | 5 |
| 5 | Guatemala (GUA) | 1 | 0 | 1 | 2 |
| 6 | Argentina (ARG) | 0 | 1 | 1 | 2 |
| Totals (6 entries) | Totals (6 entries) | 18 | 16 | 21 | 55 |
# Lauzès

Lauzès (French pronunciation:; Occitan: Lausès) is a commune in the Lot department in south-western France.
# Neodrepanis

Neodrepanis is a bird genus in the family Philepittidae.

## Etymology

Neodrepanis: Greek: νεος neos "new, strange"; δρεπανη drepanē, δρεπανης drepanēs "scimitar"

## Species

It contains the following species:
Genus Neodrepanis – Sharpe, 1875 – two species :
| Common name | Scientific name and subspecies | Range | Size and ecology | IUCN status and estimated population |
| Common sunbird-asity | Neodrepanis coruscans Sharpe, 1875 | Madagascar | Size: Habitat: Diet: | LC |
| Yellow-bellied sunbird-asity | Neodrepanis hypoxantha Salomonsen, 1933 | Madagascar | Size: Habitat: Diet: | VU |
# Finger tapping (piano)

Finger tapping is a piano technique developed by Alberto Guerrero for his pupil Glenn Gould. According to Guerrero, the idea for the technique came from a circus show with an extremely flexible young boy.

## Technique

Finger-tapping consists of placing one hand with the finger pads on the keyboard, with the PIP joint as the highest point, and then using the other hand to tap on the DIP joint or the fingertips, then releasing the fingers, allowing them to return quickly to the surface.
The technique is intended to make the hand learn how to minimize the effort on keys, allowing for faster play.
# Another Neon Night

"Another Neon Night" is a song written by Carolyn Sue Howard and Joanne Spain that was originally recorded by American country singer Jean Shepard. It was released as the second single from her studio album I'm a Believer, reaching country chart positions in both the US and Canada. Describing a one-night-stand, the song has been described as being one of Shepard's best tracks and one of her favorite recordings as well.

## Background

Jean Shepard signed with United Artists Records in 1973 after many years on Capitol Records. Her first-label single, "Slippin' Away", returned her to the top ten of the country charts. At her new label and under new producer Larry Butler, she began experimenting with new song choices, including those that discussed sexuality. Among songs that discussed the latter theme was "Another Neon Night". Written by Carolyn Sue Howard and Joanne Spain, the song describes a one night stand and its main character is alluded to as possibly being a prostitute, according to Nashville Scene. Under Butler's production, "Another Neon Night" was recorded at the Jack Clement Studio (located in Nashville, Tennessee) in July 1975.

## Release and chart performance

"Another Neon Night" was released as a single by United Artists Records in December 1975. It was distributed as a seven-inch vinyl single, featuring a cover of "(Hey Won't You Play) Another Somebody Done Somebody Wrong Song" on the B-side. It reached the number 44 position on the US Billboard Hot Country Songs chart, becoming among her final charting US country singles. It also climbed into the top 40 on Canada's RPM Country Tracks chart, peaking at number 31. It would be Shepard's final-charting single in Canada. It was the second single spawned from Shepard's 1975 album I'm a Believer.

## Reception

Cashbox magazine described the song's main character as a "girl of the night" and further commented, "it has a strong lyric and music content and predicted strong chart action." In 2016, Nashville Scene magazine called the track "one of the most powerful recordings Shepard ever made". In an interview, Shepard named the song among one of her controversial recordings but said it had "such a haunting melody and it told a good story". In her autobiography, Shepard named "Another Neon Night" among her favorite songs that she recorded in her career. "'Another Neon Night', that's a well-written song; it's a song with a lot of truth in it. I love a song that's well-written and put together".

## Track listings
### 7" vinyl single

* "Another Neon Night" – 3:03
* "(Hey Won't You Play) Another Somebody Done Somebody Wrong Song" – 2:59

## Charts

Weekly chart performance for "Another Neon Night" :
| Chart (1975–1976) | Peak position |
| Canada Country Tracks (RPM) | 31 |
| US Hot Country Songs (Billboard) | 44 |
# Color bleeding (printing)

In printing and graphic arts, mixing of two dissimilar colors in two adjacent printed dots before they dry and absorb in substrate is referred to as color bleeding. Unless it is done for effect, color bleeding reduces print quality.
Prior art applied this term to the phenomenon of single color ink following the fibers of the paper.
The amount of bleeding is affected by numerous factors, including the paper type, paper's characteristics of ink absorption and its capillary action, ink type and properties (speed of ink drying), printing technology (i.e. nozzle design and spacing with ink jet printers).
# Shlomo Pines

Shlomo Pines (/ˈpiːnɪs/; Hebrew: שלמה פינס; August 5, 1908 in Charenton-le-Pont – January 9, 1990 in Jerusalem) was an Israeli scholar of Jewish and Islamic philosophy, best known for his English translation of Maimonides' Guide of the Perplexed.

## Biography

Pines was born in Charenton-le-Pont near Paris, and grew up in Paris, Riga, Archangelsk, London and Berlin. His father, Meir Pines, was a scholar and businessman whose Sorbonne dissertation comprised the first attempt at a history of Yiddish literature.
Between 1926 and 1934 Shlomo Pines studied philosophy, Semitic languages, and linguistics at the universities of Heidelberg, Geneva and Berlin. Among his friends at Berlin were Paul Kraus and Leo Strauss, the latter of whom would contribute the lengthy introductory essay to Pines' classic translation of The Guide. From 1937 to 1939 he taught the history of science in Islamic countries at the Institute of the History of Science in Paris. In 1940, he and his family departed for Palestine on the last boat leaving Marseilles before the Nazi occupation of France (during which time 25% of French Jews were deported and murdered).
In the young State of Israel, Pines was a professor in the Department of Jewish Thought and the Department of Philosophy at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem from 1952 until his death in 1990.
In 1971 Pines discovered a 10th-century Arabic version of the Testimonium Flavianum by Josephus due to Agapius of Hierapolis. Pines also discovered a 12th-century Syriac version of Josephus by Michael the Syrian. Leading scholar Louis Feldman stated that the discovery of Pines "created a considerable stir" in the academic community by drawing attention to two important historical works which had been almost completely neglected before then.
Pines' fluency in a wide variety of modern and ancient languages, including Arabic, Syriac, Hebrew, Persian, Sanskrit, Turkish, and Coptic, enabled him to undertake scholarship of uniquely broad scope.

## Awards

* In 1968, Pines was awarded the Israel Prize, in the humanities.
* In 1985, he was a co-recipient (jointly with Hillel Barzel and David Weiss Halivni) of the Bialik Prize for Jewish thought.

## Major publications

Most of Pines' articles and essays have been made freely available to the public by the Shlomo Pines Society.
Pines' most recognized books include:
* Contributions to the Islamic Theory of Atoms (1936)
* The Development of the Notion of Freedom (1984)
* The Guide of the Perplexed I, II (1963)
* Between the Thought of Israel and the Thought of the Nations
* The Jewish Christians of the Early Centuries of Christianity According to a New Source (1966)
* Summary of Arabic Philosophy, in the Cambridge History of Islam (1970)
# Saginaw Valley State University College of Arts and Behavioral Sciences

Saginaw Valley State University is a state university in Michigan in the United States. The College of Arts and Behavioral Sciences was the original college at the university when it was established in 1963.

## Undergraduate programs

* Applied studies
* Art
* Communication
* Creative writing
* Criminal justice
* English
* Gender studies*
* Gerontology*
* Graphic design
* History
* International studies
* Music
* Philosophy*
* Political science
* Pre-social work
* Professional and technical writing
* Psychology
* Public administration
* Social work
* Sociology
* Theatre
* Youth services*
Programs marked with an asterisk are only available as a minor

## Graduate programs

* Communication and multimedia (MA)
* Administrative science (MAS)

## Language Programs

* French
* German*
* Polish*
* Spanish
# Alexander Bespalov

Alexander Bespalov (born 10 May 1981) is a former Russian racing cyclist.

## Palmares
### 2001

    2nd European Under-23 Time Trial Championships

### 2002

    1st Coppa della Pace
    2nd European Under-23 Time Trial Championships
    2nd UCI Under-23 World Time Trial Championships
    3rd Giro delle Regioni

### 2003

    2nd National Time Trial Championships
    3rd UCI Under-23 World Time Trial Championships

### 2004

    World Military Time Trial Champion
    National Time Trial Champion

### 2005

    2nd National Time Trial Championships

### 2006

    National Time Trial Champion
    2nd Chrono Champenois

### 2007

    3rd National Time Trial Championships
# Central Emergency Operation Center

The Central Emergency Operation Center (CEOC; traditional Chinese: 中央災害應變中心; simplified Chinese: 中央灾害应变中心; pinyin: Zhōngyāng Zāihài Yìngbiàn Zhōngxīn) is the emergency operations center of Taiwan which is activated in the event of an emergency. The center is operated by the National Fire Agency of the Ministry of the Interior.

## Levels

CEOC may be designated as a level-2 facility for lesser threats or as a level-1 facility for more severe threats.

## Types of disaster

The CEOC currently lists 14 types of disasters, which are typhoons, earthquakes/tsunamis, fires/explosions, floods, drought, oil and gas or power line breaks, extreme cold hazards, landslides, aviation disasters, disasters at sea, land traffic accidents, hazardous material disasters, mining disasters and forest fires.

## Backup centers
### Northern Backup Center

Completed in February 2006, the center is located at Banqiao District, New Taipei.

### Central Backup Center

Completed in December 2012, the center is located at Zhushan Township, Nantou County.

### Southern Backup Center

Completed in December 2009, the center is located at Cianjhen District, Kaohsiung.

### Official Southern Backup Center

Completed in December 2012, the center is located at Cianjhen District, Kaohsiung.
# Beheshtiabad

Beheshtiabad (Persian: بهشتي اباد, also Romanized as Beheshtīābād; also known as Beheshtābād) is a village in Gowhar Kuh Rural District, Nukabad District, Khash County, Sistan and Baluchestan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 157, in 31 families.