OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Halocynthia igaboja

Halocynthia igaboja, commonly known as sea hedgehog, bristly tunicate or spiny sea squirt, is a species of tunicate in the family Pyuridae. It is native to the northeastern Pacific Ocean. This species was first described in 1906 by the Japanese marine biologist Asajiro Oka, who gave it the name Cynthia ritteri. It was later transferred to the genus Halocynthia.

## Description

Solitary tunicates like the sea hedgehog have a roughly globular body with a leathery body wall or tunic, and two siphons. The buccal siphon draws water into the body, and the atrial siphon expels water. In this species, the tunic is dark brown but is rendered almost invisible by the numerous large, branching, spine-like processes which cover it. The longest spines bear rings of recurved secondary spines. The siphons are often reddish or orangish in colour; the buccal siphon is at the top of the animal and is surrounded by twelve to fifty tentacles, while the atrial siphon is a third to half of the way down the body. At a maximum height of 10 cm (4 in) and width of 2 to 5 cm (0.8 to 2.0 in), this is one of the largest solitary tunicates in the Pacific Northwest. It could be confused with the cactus sea squirt (Boltenia echinata) but is altogether spinier and larger.

## Distribution and habitat

The sea hedgehog is found in Japan, southeastern Asia, and the Pacific Coast of North America, from Alaska to California. It prefers rocky or gravelly habitats with vigorous currents, with a depth range from the intertidal down to about 165 m (540 ft).

## Ecology

The sea hedgehog is a suspension feeder, drawing water through its body and filtering out the plankton and organic material. Detritus and diatoms tend to accumulate on the spiny processes when the current is weak, rendering the animal almost invisible. The spines act as a defence against the Oregon hairy triton, a gastropod mollusc. The bristly sea squirt Boltenia villosa, lives in the same habitat but is less spiny; it defends itself by becoming an epibiont and preferentially settling on the spines of the sea hedgehog. This species is a semi-gregarious species and is cannibalistic, consuming its own eggs and larvae.
# National Route 247 (Costa Rica)

National Secondary Route 247, or just Route 247 (Spanish: Ruta Nacional Secundaria 247, or Ruta 247) is a National Road Route of Costa Rica, located in the Limón province.

## Description

In Limón province the route covers Pococí canton (Guápiles, La Rita, Roxana, Cariari, Colorado, La Colonia districts).
# Hermann Hinz

Hermann Hinz (13 February 1916 – 21 December 2000) was a German archaeologist who was Professor and Head of the Institute for Prehistory and Protohistory at the University of Kiel.

## Biography

Hermann Hinz was born in Wangerin, German Empire on 13 February 1916, the son of Wilhelm and Ida Hinz. After graduating from the gymnasium in Köslin in 1935, Hinz served in the Freiwillige Arbeitsdienst [de] and the Wehrmacht. Since 1937, Hinz studied at Lauenburg. Hinz transferred to the University of Freiburg in 1938, where he studied prehistory, anthropology, art history, history, geology, folklore and classical archaeology. From 1939 to 1941 he worked at Greifswald for his doctorate. He gained his Ph.D. in archaeology at the University of Kiel in 1941.
Hinz served in the Wehrmacht during World War II, and became a prisoner of war. He was released from captivity in 1945, and worked until 1948 as an elementary school teacher in Langenhorn. From 1949 to 1952 he worked conducted archaeological research in Schleswig-Holstein with a grant from the German Research Foundation. From 1954 to 1965 Hinz held a variety of senior positions at the Rheinisches Landesmuseum Bonn.
Since 1965 Hinz was Associate Professor, and since 1969 Professor, at the University of Kiel. He was also the Director of the Institute for Prehistory and Protohistory at the University.
Hinz retired from Kiel in 1981, and died in Bad Krozingen on 21 December 2000.

## Selected works

* Die Ausgrabungen in der Alten reformierten Kirche Wuppertal-Elberfeld, Wuppertal 1954
* Vorgeschichte des nordfriesischen Festlandes, Neumünster, 1954
* Die Vorgeschichte der Kreise Dramburg und Neustettin, Greifswald, 1957
* Xanten zur Römerzeit, Th. Gesthuysen, Xanten 1960
* Kaster, Bedburg/Erft, 1964
* Archäologische Funde und Denkmäler des Rheinlandes / Bd. 2. Kreis Bergheim, 1969
* Das fränkische Gräberfeld von Eick, Berlin, 1969
* Die Ausgrabungen auf dem Kirchberg in Morken, Kreis Bergheim (Erft), Düsseldorf : Rheinland-Verl., 1969
* Germania Romana / 3. Römisches Leben auf germanischem Boden, 1970
* Ein frührömisches Gräberfeld auf dem Kirchhügel in Birten, Kreis Moers. In: Rheinische Ausgrabungen. 12. Rheinland-Verlag, Bonn 1973, S. 24–83.
* Frühe Städte im westlichen Ostseeraum, Kiel, 1973
* Siedlungsforschungen auf den dänischen Inseln und im westlichen Ostseeraum, Kiel, 1980
* Motte und Donjon, Rheinland-Verlag, Köln, 1981, ISBN 3-7927-0433-1
* mit Helmut Jäger: Einzelhof. In the Lexicon of Germanic Antiquity Studies (Reallexikon der Germanischen Altertumskunde) (RGA). 2nd edition, Vol. 7, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin/New York 1989, p(p). 47–51.
* Ländlicher Hausbau in Skandinavien vom 6. bis 14. Jahrhundert, Rheinland-Verlag, Köln, 1989, ISBN 3-7927-0989-9
# Klaus Warncke

Klaus Warncke (14 June 1937 – 2 January 1993) was a German schoolteacher, zoologist and entomologist who specialized in the Hymenoptera. He took a special interest in the genus Andrena of the Palearctic.
Warncke was born in Neustrelitz, the second of four children of physician Kurt and Thusnelda née Schröter. The family moved to Samtredia near Posen in 1939 and moved in 1945 to Mecklenburg, Berlin and finally settled in Braunschweig in 1952. After graduating from high school in 1958 he went to study in Mainz followed by studies in Freiburg and Munich. He received his doctorate in 1964 with studies on Aconitum lycoctonum. He travelled in Iceland, Italy, and Spain, taking an interest in ornithology. He married Ulrike Winklat-Zedtwitz in 1964 and they had a son. He became a teacher in Munich and Vilshofen, later at Hilpoltstein and Schrobenhausen. From 1970 he taught at Dachau dealing mainly with biology and geography. He made his students study bees and other wild fauna in the field as part of studies. In 1961 he was advised by Walter Forster of the zoological collections at Munich to study the genus Andrena as it was very poorly studied. Warncke then spent 30 years examining these and other related genera. In 1964 he began to make trips to Anatolia to collect specimens. Along with Robert Wilhelm Grünwaldt, he also collected in Greece. He wrote several papers on the genera Andrena, Rophues, Anthidium, Halictus, Pasites, Osmia, Sphecodes, Coelioxys and Slelis. He described nearly 57 new higher level taxa (mostly subgenus level) and 887 species.
Warncke and his second wife Christa were killed in a car accident in Cairo.
# Kellaways

Kellaways, also known as Tytherton Kellaways, is a village and former ecclesiastical parish in the present-day civil parish of Langley Burrell Without and ceremonial county of Wiltshire, England. Its nearest town is Chippenham, which lies 2.5 miles (4.0 km) southwest from the hamlet. Historically, the name was sometimes given as Gallows.
The parish was formed on 1 April 1895 as a replacement for Avon parish. On 1 April 1934 the parish was abolished and its area was added to Langley Burrell Without. In 1931 the parish had a population of 37.
The manor house is from the 17th century and is Grade II* listed.
There was a water mill on the River Avon, marked as disused on a 1959 map. The present building, now a house, is from the late 17th and 18th centuries; nearby stands the mill-owner's house of c. 1800.
The small church of St Giles was built c. 1800, in ashlar with a slate roof and an octagonal cupola. The building replaced an earlier structure which was attached to the mill, first recorded in 1304. Today the ecclesiastical parish of Tytherton Kellaways is part of the Draycot benefice.
# Tour of Cartier

Tour of Cartier (officially the Tour of Cartier – East Mediterranean Cycling Prohect) is a stage road cycling race held annually in Turkey since 2018. It is part of UCI Europe Tour in category 2.2. It is organized by the Cartier Tour travel agency, which also organizes the Grand Prix Side and the Grand Prix Alanya.

## Winners

| Year | Country | Rider | Team |
| 2018 | Moldova | Cristian Raileanu | Torku Şekerspor |
# Gatina, Grosuplje

Gatina (pronounced; German: Gattein) is a settlement in the Municipality of Grosuplje in central Slovenia. The area is part of the historical region of Lower Carniola. The municipality is now included in the Central Slovenia Statistical Region.

## Church

The local church is dedicated to John the Baptist and belongs to the Parish of Grosuplje. It is a medieval building that was extended in the 17th and 19th centuries.
# Jean Middleton

Jean Middleton (30 August 1928 – 14 December 2010) was an anti-apartheid activist in South Africa. She was born in Durban and trained as a teacher. She was married to Harold Strachan. Middleton moved to Johannesburg and became active in the Congress of Democrats and then the South African Communist Party. She helped Nelson Mandela by letting him use her flat. She was imprisoned, held in solitary confinement and then restricted from working or associating with others. Middleton moved to the United Kingdom and taught English in London. In 1991 she returned to South Africa where she edited Umsebenzi. In 1998 her book, Convictions: a woman political prisoner remembers was published. Late in life she suffered from emphysema and returned to Britain.
# Neulingen

Neulingen is a municipality in the Enz district in Baden-Württemberg in Germany. It was created on 1 January 1974 from the three independent villages of Bauschlott, Göbrichen, and Nußbaum. It is located on the Bertha Benz Memorial Route.

## History

Bauschlott and Göbrichen were long-time possessions of the Margraviate and later Grand Duchy of Baden, but Nußbaum belonged to first Herrenalb Abbey and then the Kingdom of Württemberg until being ceded to Baden by treaty on 17 October 1806. Upon annexation, Nußbaum joined the other two towns in the district of Stein. The three were reassigned on 25 May 1821 to the district of Pforzheim, which became Landkreis Pforzheim [de] on 25 June 1939. On 1 January 1973, as part of the 1973 Baden-Württemberg district reform [de], the Enz district was created and Bauschlott, Nußbaum, and Göbrichen were assigned to it. The next year, the three towns merged to form the municipality of Neulingen. The latter town changed its name to Neulingen, after a nearby village named neither Nidlingen or Neidlingen that had ceased to exist in the 14th century.

## Geography

The municipality (Gemeinde) of Neulingen covers 23.19 square kilometers (8.95 sq mi) of the Enz district of Baden-Württemberg, a state of the Federal Republic of Germany. It is located entirely within the Kraichgau, specifically on the Bauschlotter Plateau [de], and so its geography is made up by the region's characteristic loess-coated, forested and karstified hills of muschelkalk. Elevation above sea level within the municipal area varies from a low of 232 meters (761 ft) Normalnull (NN) to a high of 365 meters (1,198 ft) NN.

### Nature reserves

The Bauschlotter Schlosspark, Neulingen sinkholes [de], and Bauschlotter Au [de] Federally-protected nature reserves are located within Neulingen's municipal area.

## Demographics

Population development:
| Year | Inhabitants |
| 1990 | 5,116 |
| 2001 | 6,420 |
| 2011 | 6,559 |
| 2021 | 6,670 |

## Coat of arms

Neulingen's municipal coat of arms displays a field of red crossed by a diagonal gold bar, a reference to the House of Zähringen, who ruled the Margraviate and later Grand Duchy of Baden, though the tincture is inverted. The items on this pattern are references to the three towns that merged to form Neulingen. The two black diamonds inside the bar are from Nußbaum, while the golden 'G' above it and the sester below it are from Göbrichen and Bauschlott respectively. The municipal coat of arms was approved by the Enz district office on 15 June 1984.
# Babyninsky District

Babyninsky District (Russian: Бабы́нинский райо́н) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the twenty-four in Kaluga Oblast, Russia. It is located in the center of the oblast. The area of the district is 845 square kilometers (326 sq mi). Its administrative center is the rural locality (a settlement) of Babynino. Population: 20,991 (2021 Census); 21,041 (2010 Census); 22,143 (2002 Census); 16,178 (1989 Soviet census). The population of Babynino accounts for 18.5% of the district's total population.

## Geography

Babyninsky District is located in the center of Kaluga Oblast, on flat terrain. The district is immediately west of the city of Kaluga, and about 180 km southwest of Moscow. The M3 Moscow-Ukraine Highway runs diagonally through the middle of the district, and the Old Smolensk Road runs across the north. The area measures 35 km (north-south), and 35 km (west-east). The administrative center is the town of Babynino.
The district is bordered on the north by Yukhnovsky District, on the east by Peremyshlsky District and the city of Kaluga, on the south by Kozelsky District, and on the west by Meshchovsky District.
# Fostaina

Fostaina (Greek: Φώσταινα) is a village in the municipal unit of Olenia, Achaea, Greece. It is located in low hills, 3 km south of Lousika and 8 km southeast of Kato Achaia.

## Population

| Year | Population |
| 1981 | 253 |
| 1991 | 259 |
| 2001 | 309 |
| 2011 | 219 |
| 2021 | 183 |
# Durban Girls' College

Durban Girls' College is an independent boarding and day school for girls, with weekly boarding facilities for high school pupils, located on the Berea, overlooking the city of Durban in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa.

## Notable alumnae

* Lara Logan, television journalist for Fox News
* Claire Palley, academic and lawyer
* Professor Elizabeth Sneddon, playwright
* Khanyi Dhlomo, South African TV Host and the founder and CEO of Ndalo Media and Ndalo Luxury Ventures
* Tarina Patel, Actress, model, film producer
* Kamini Pather, chef
* Sarah Pudifin-Jones, lawyer
* Kirsten Goss, jewellery designer
* June Drummond, author of crime novels
* Renée Schuurman, tennis player

## College anthem

The college anthem is All Hail the College Galleon, composed by old girl, June Drummond in 1940.
# Couthures-sur-Garonne

Couthures-sur-Garonne (French pronunciation:; Occitan: Coturas de Garòna) is a commune in the Lot-et-Garonne department, southwestern France.
# Adé, Hautes-Pyrénées

Adé (French pronunciation:; Occitan: Adèr) is a commune in the Hautes-Pyrénées department in southwestern France.

## Geography

Adé is a commune in the Hautes-Pyrénées and part of the agglomeration of Lourdes, 5 km (3.1 mi) north of the centre of Lourdes, itself.
The commune has a weakly extended territory of 7.24 km$^2$ (2.80 sq mi), which sprawls 382 m (1,253 ft) to the north-east, where the Geune leaves the town and enters Lanne, and 583 m (1,913 ft) to the south-east, near the locality of le Sarraut.

## Transport

The N21 road travels through the commune, from north to south. The commune is also immediately adjacent to the south-western end of the Tarbes–Lourdes–Pyrénées Airport, to the north-east, along the N21 road.

## Sites and monuments

* The chapel of Notre-Dame du Rosaire.
* The church of Saint-Hippolyte of Adé and the Basilica of the Immaculate Conception de Lourdes are the works of the same architect. This building with three naves was built on the former feudal motte. The cellar of the rectory is the former armory of the castle which was built in the 11th Century. Inside, a tympanum represents the martyrdom of St. Hippolytus, patron saint of the village.
* The old château, of which remain the ancient walls.
* The chapel of Notre-Dame du Rosaire
* The Interior of the chapel of Notre-Dame du Rosaire
* The Church of Saint-Hippolyte
# Yang Xu (speed skater)

Xu Yang or Yang Xu (born 26 April 1977) is a Chinese former long track speed skater, who was active between 1991 and 2002.
Xu represented her nation at international competitions. As a junior she participated at the 1995 World Junior Speed Skating Championships. At elite level she competed at the 1996 Asian Winter Games and 1997 Asian Speed Skating Championships. She won at the 2001 Asian Speed Skating Championships the bronze medal in the 1500 metres event and also the bronze medal in the 3000 metres event. Yang also medalled at the 1997 Winter Universiade with one silver and 2 bronze medals. She finished fourth at the 2001 Chinese Single Distance Championships in the 3000 metres event.

## Personal records

| Distance | Result | Date | Location |
| 500 m | 40.71 | 7 October 2000 | Olympic Oval, Calgary |
| 1000 m | 1:22.67 | 28 October 2000 | Heilongjiang Indoor Rink, Harbin |
| 1500 m | 2:05.64 | 22 September 2001 | Heilongjiang Indoor Rink, Harbin |
| 3000 m | 4:17.46 | 7 October 2000 | Olympic Oval, Calgary |
| 5000 m | 7:41.51 | 19 October 2001 | Heilongjiang Indoor Rink, Harbin |
# Emmanouil Miaoulis

Emmanouil Miaoulis (Greek: Εμμανουήλ Μιαούλης, 1812 - 1871) was a Greek naval officer. He was born in the island of Hydra in 1812, the son of Andreas Vokos Miaoulis, who became the leader of the Greek navies in the Greek War of Independence. As a member of the renowned Hydriot Miaoulis family, a naval career came naturally to him. He was enrolled into the Royal Hellenic Navy and achieved the rank of Captain, and the post of commander of the Poros Naval Base. He died in 1871. The painter Nikolaos Vokos was his son.
* This biographical article related to the military of Greece is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
# Colombier-le-Cardinal

Colombier-le-Cardinal (French pronunciation:；Occitan: Colombèir lo Cardinal) is a commune in the Ardèche department in southern France.
# Rufus of Thebes

Rufus of Thebes (Greek: Ῥοῦφος ό Θηβαίος) is numbered among the Seventy Disciples in Eastern Orthodox tradition. He was bishop of Thebes in Greece, and according to some traditions is referenced in Romans 16:13. However, according to Easton's Bible Dictionary the Rufus in Romans 16 could well have been the Rufus mentioned in Mark. His feast day is 8 April, and he is also commemorated on 4 January with the other Seventy Apostles.

## Hymns

Troparion (Tone 1)
    Let us praise in hymns the six–fold choir of Apostles:
    Herodion and Agabus,
    Rufus, Asyncritus, Phlegon and holy Hermes.
    They ever entreat the Trinity for our souls!
Kontakion (Tone 2)
    You became the disciples of Christ
    And all-holy Apostles,
    O glorious Herodion, Agabus and Rufus,
    Asyncritus, Phlegon and Hermes.
    Ever entreat the Lord
    To grant forgiveness of transgressions
    To us who sing your praises.
Kontakion (Tone 4)
    Like stars, O holy Apostles,
    You illumine the way of the faithful with the light of the Holy Spirit.
    You dispel the darkness of error as you gaze on God the Word!

## Sources

* St. Nikolai Velimirovic, The Prologue from Ohrid
# Framlingham Town F.C.

Framlingham Town Football Club is a football club based in Framlingham, Suffolk, England. Affiliated to the Suffolk County Football Association, they are currently members of the Eastern Counties League Division One North and play at Badingham Road.

## History

The club was established in 1887 and started playing in the Ipswich & District League. They dropped into the Framlingham League, before playing in the Leiston League and the Woodbridge League and returning to the Ipswich & District League.
Framlingham won Division Two of the (renamed) Suffolk & Ipswich League in 1980–81, and the League Cup in 1989–90. In 1991–92 they won the Senior Division and the League Cup. Although they applied to join Division One of the Eastern Counties League, they were rejected because they did not have a stand or floodlights. In 1995–96 they reached the final of the Suffolk Senior Cup, losing 3–0 to Grundisburgh. In 2010–11 they entered the FA Vase for the first time.
At the end of the 2011–12 season Framlingham were relegated from the Senior Division to Division One. In 2014–15 the club finished second in Division One, earning promotion back to the Senior Division. After finishing fifth in the Senior Division in 2015–16, the club were promoted to Division One of the Eastern Counties League. They were Division One runners-up in 2017–18, securing promotion to the Premier Division. However, they finished bottom of the Premier Division the following season and were relegated to Division One North. In 2021–22 the club finished fifth in Division One North, qualifying for the promotion play-offs, in which they lost 1–0 to Harleston Town in the semi-finals. They finished third in the division in 2022–23, qualifying for the play-offs again. However, they lost 5–4 on penalties to Harwich & Parkeston after a 1–1 draw in the semi-finals.
In 2023–24 Framlingham were runners-up in Division One North, going on to lose 2–1 to Cornard United in the play-off semi-finals.

## Ground

The club initially played at Dickson's Meadow, before moving to Brunnings Meadow, both of which are now part of Framlingham College. They later moved to the Red House Farm and then Hayning's Meadow in 1932; Hayning's Meadow was subsequently renamed Pageant Field after a pageant took place at the site in 1935. In 1951 a group of demobilised soldiers from World War II bought sixteen acres of land on Badingham Road to establish a new sports club; the club later moved to the site, and then bought it in 1983. A clubhouse was built on one side of the pitch, incorporating a seated stand named after John Durrant, with a small covered stand erected on the other side of the pitch. Floodlights were installed in the early 2000s after being bought from the Sizewell B nuclear power station.

## Honours

* Suffolk & Ipswich League
** Senior Division champions 1991–92
** Division Two champions 1980–81
** League Cup winners 1989–90, 1991–92

## Records

* Best FA Cup performance: Preliminary round, 2017–18, 2019–20
* Best FA Vase performance: First round, 2010–11, 2023–24
# Ashwin Balachand Mehta

Ashwin Balachand Mehta is an Indian cardiologist and one of the pioneers of interventional cardiology in India. He is the director of Cardiology department at Jaslok Hospital, Mumbai and also serves Breach Candy Hospital, as a consultant. He is reported to have performed the first Cardiac catheterization and Angiography in newborn babies in India, in 1973, the year when he introduced Bundle Electrography in the country. He is also credited with the performance or supervision of over 35,000+ angioplasties and over 75,000+ angiographies.
A fellow of the American College of Cardiology, Indian Society of Electrocardiology and the Indian College of Physicians, Mehta is a former president of the Cardiological Society of India and current member of the society. He is also the president of the Cardiovascular Society of India. The Government of India awarded him the civilian honour of the Padma Bhushan in 2024 and the Padma Shri in 2004. He has also received several other awards as Chemtech Foundation Lifetime Achievement Award (1999), Maharashtra Gaurav Award (2004), Mahavir Mahatma Award (2006), Indian Medical Association Distinguished Doctor Award (2008), CTO Man of The Year Award (2008) and Andreas Gruentzig Memorial Award, among others. He is the eldest son of lawyer Balachand Mehta (1916-2007) who was a highly regarded lawyer and a specialist of the Rent Act. His younger brother Dilip B. Mehta is a respected interior designer in South Mumbai.
* India portal
* Medicine portal
# Miraslan

Miraslan (Persian: ميراصلان, also Romanized as Mīrāṣlān) is a village in Rak Rural District, in the Central District of Kohgiluyeh County, Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 43, in 10 families.
# René Maillard (footballer)

René Maillard (18 January 1923 – 25 April 2005) was a Swiss footballer who played as an attacking midfielder. He made 14 appearances for the Switzerland national team from 1946 to 1951. He was also named in Switzerland's squad for the Group 4 qualification tournament for the 1950 FIFA World Cup.