OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Mariusz Złotek

Mariusz Złotek (born 26 April 1970) is a former Polish football player, a football referee from 1996 to 2021, and since 2022, the chairman of the College of Referees of the Podkarpackie Football Association.

## Football club career

From the age of sixteen until 1996, he was a player for Stal Gorzyce, but his career was interrupted by a meniscus injury.

## Refereeing career

He began his career as a referee in 1996. In the 2013–14 season, he advanced to officiate in the Ekstraklasa, with his debut match at this level taking place between Cracovia and Śląsk Wrocław on 2 March 2014. Throughout his career, he officiated a total of 144 Ekstraklasa matches. He retired from refereeing in 2021, with his final Ekstraklasa match being between Legia Warsaw and Górnik Łęczna on 19 September, and his last professional match taking place on 28 September in the Polish Cup between Stal Gorzyce and Stal Stalowa Wola.
He has been recognized as a distinguished resident of the Gmina Gorzyce since 2 June 2022. On 18 September 2022, he was appointed as the president of the College of Referees of the Podkarpackie Football Association.
# Vanino, Perm Krai

Vanino (Russian: Ванино) is a rural locality (a village) in Beryozovskoye Rural Settlement, Beryozovsky District, Perm Krai, Russia. The population was 34 as of 2010.

## Geography

Vanino is located on the Shakva River, 4 km northwest of Beryozovka (the district's administrative centre) by road. Yaburovo is the nearest rural locality.
# Prosdocimus

Prosdocimus (Prosdecimus) of Padua (Italian: Prosdocimo, German: Prosdozimus) (d. November 7, ca. 100 AD) is venerated as the first bishop of Padua.
He evangelized the region and is said to have founded the parish church at Isola Vicentina. Prosdocimus baptized Justina of Padua.
His tomb is situated at the basilica of Santa Giustina at Padua. The chapel dedicated to him there was built over his tomb outside the walls of Padua. The church also once contained the relics of Prosdocimus's deacon, Daniel, though these were moved to the Paduan church of Santa Sofia in the 11th century, and then to Padua Cathedral.

## Iconography

He is generally depicted with a mitre and crosier, and sometimes with a can or ewer, referring to his baptism of St. Giustina.
Tradition holds that, being of Greek origin, he was sent from Antioch by Peter the Apostle. He is thus often depicted in art with this apostle. The cathedral at Feltre is dedicated to him and Saint Peter the Apostle, and the artist Il Pordenone (c. 1483 - 1539) created a work depicting Prosdocimus with Peter.
There is a bronze statue of Prosdocimus (c. 1447) by Donatello in the Basilica of Saint Anthony of Padua in Padua.
Prosdocimus is depicted in an altarpiece by Romanino, now in the Musei Civici di Padova, Padua. He holds the jug a water with which he baptized Justina.
A drawing by Giovanni Battista Tiepolo of "St. Prosdocimus baptizing St. Giustina" is held by the National Gallery of Victoria. Pietro Damini painted an image of Saint Prosdocimus.
# Luzenac

Luzenac (French pronunciation:; Occitan: Lusenac) is a commune in the Ariège department in southwestern France. Luzenac-Garanou station has rail connections to Toulouse, Foix and Latour-de-Carol.

## Sports

* Luzenac is also home to the football club Luzenac AP.
# Veerplas

Veerplas (Dutch pronunciation: ) is an artificial lake directly east of the Dutch city of Haarlem. It was dug in 1994, mainly for recreation purposes and forms part of the Spaarnwoude recreational area.
The lake measures 450 by 400 metres. The southern shore is formed by a constructed wetland used for water purification. Large numbers of waterfowl may be found here and along the swampy eastern shore during the winter season (e.g. greylag geese, wigeons, common goldeneyes). The local angling club has released carps into the lake. A sandy beach measuring some 300 m was created at the western shore. An area sufficiently shallow to accommodate safe swimming by inexperienced bathers is cordoned off. Furthermore, a grassy sunbathing area sporting a public toilet adjoins the lake, as well as a children's adventure playground. The lake is only a short walking distance from Haarlem Spaarnwoude railway station and relatively close to the A200 and A9 motorways. This favourable location has helped to make it a popular area for organising mid to large-scale events. Thus, 2006 saw the Circus Herman Renz pitch its tent alongside the lake.

## Future development of the Veerplas area

The municipality of Haarlem's Spoorzone masterplan provides for the construction of 260 houses along the Veerplas's western shore. The construction of a recreation center accommodating sports activities, nature education and catering is also planned.
# San Bernardino Pass

San Bernardino Pass (Italian: Passo del San Bernardino, German: Bernhardinpass, 2,066 metres (6,778 ft)) is a high mountain pass in the Swiss Alps connecting the Hinterrhein and the Mesolcina (Misox) valleys between Thusis (canton of Graubünden) and Bellinzona (canton of Ticino). Located in the far eastern side of the Western Alps it is not to be confused with the Great St Bernard Pass and the Little St Bernard Pass. The top of the pass represents both the Italo-German language frontier and the watershed (drainage divide) between the Po basin and the Rhine basin. Marscholsee is within the pass at an elevation of 2,053 m (6,736 ft).
The route first became important as a mule track in the fifteenth century when the route between Thusis and Splügen was known as the Via Mala. A road for wheeled vehicles was opened in 1770; this road was significantly improved between 1821 and 1823, financed in part by the Kingdom of Sardinia, keen to improve a trade route connecting Genoa and Piedmont to the Graubünden that was not directly controlled by Austria.
Traffic flow was much facilitated when in 1967, the San Bernardino road tunnel was completed: since then vehicle traffic on the pass has been reduced, benefiting those taking the time to avoid the tunnel. The pass road is only open from May to November.

## Climate

The average climatic conditions for San Bernardino village at the entry point to the San Bernardino tunnel at 1,639 m (5,377 ft) are given in the following chart.
Climate data for S. Bernardino village (1981-2010) :
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 0.6 (33.1) | 0.7 (33.3) | 3.2 (37.8) | 5.8 (42.4) | 10.8 (51.4) | 15.1 (59.2) | 17.8 (64.0) | 17.2 (63.0) | 13.2 (55.8) | 9.2 (48.6) | 3.8 (38.8) | 1.0 (33.8) | 8.2 (46.8) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | −3.6 (25.5) | −3.6 (25.5) | −0.9 (30.4) | 1.9 (35.4) | 6.5 (43.7) | 10.5 (50.9) | 13.0 (55.4) | 12.4 (54.3) | 8.9 (48.0) | 4.9 (40.8) | 0.0 (32.0) | −3.0 (26.6) | 3.9 (39.0) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | −7.6 (18.3) | −7.5 (18.5) | −4.7 (23.5) | −1.5 (29.3) | 2.6 (36.7) | 6.0 (42.8) | 8.3 (46.9) | 8.1 (46.6) | 5.0 (41.0) | 1.3 (34.3) | −3.3 (26.1) | −6.5 (20.3) | 0.0 (32.0) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 89 (3.5) | 62 (2.4) | 95 (3.7) | 171 (6.7) | 216 (8.5) | 188 (7.4) | 188 (7.4) | 193 (7.6) | 202 (8.0) | 182 (7.2) | 162 (6.4) | 105 (4.1) | 1,854 (73.0) |
| Average snowfall cm (inches) | 95.3 (37.5) | 77.8 (30.6) | 76.4 (30.1) | 92.8 (36.5) | 13.6 (5.4) | 0.5 (0.2) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 1.4 (0.6) | 9.9 (3.9) | 64.6 (25.4) | 89.4 (35.2) | 521.7 (205.4) |
| Average precipitation days (≥ 1.0 mm) | 7.5 | 6.7 | 8.5 | 11.2 | 14.7 | 12.0 | 11.5 | 12.4 | 10.1 | 10.7 | 9.4 | 8.2 | 122.9 |
| Average snowy days (≥ 1.0 cm) | 8.9 | 7.5 | 7.4 | 8 | 1.8 | 0.1 | 0 | 0 | 0.2 | 1.6 | 6.9 | 8.6 | 51 |
| Average relative humidity (%) | 63 | 64 | 65 | 71 | 74 | 71 | 71 | 73 | 75 | 76 | 71 | 68 | 70 |
| Mean monthly sunshine hours | 101 | 109 | 140 | 120 | 125 | 150 | 172 | 159 | 138 | 114 | 88 | 88 | 1,504 |
| Source: MeteoSwiss ||||||||||||||
# Wat Pathum Khongkha

Wat Pathum Khongkha Ratchaworawihan, or simple known as Wat Pathum Khongkha (Thai: วัดปทุมคงคาราชวรวิหาร, วัดปทุมคงคา) is a second class royal temple in the Talat Noi area of Bangkok's Chinatown near Tri Mit Road, which leads to Odeon Circle, the beginning of Yaowarat Road.
It is an ancient temple since Ayutthaya period. Until the early Rattanakosin period corresponding to the King Rama I's reign. The King's younger brother Prince Maha Sura Singhanat renovated the entire monastery as a merit making dedicated to his father Mr. Thongdee and renamed the temple to Wat Pathum Khongkha (temple of lotuses in water). Its formerly named as Wat Sampheng according to its location Sampheng, the Chinese and commercial quarters since those days.

## Background

This temple was the execution ground of Prince Kraisorn, who committed a rebellion against King Rama III. He was executed by beating with sandalwood cudgel at the back of the neck on a stone, which was the execution of royal family member according to ancient traditions. At present, this stone is still preserved in the temple. The khlong (canal) in front of the temple was a holy site as the ashes of cremated members of the royal family and the royal white elephants are scattered here.
The ordination hall made of brick and mortar has a principal Buddha statue overcoming temptations be decorated with the king suit named Phra Phuttha Mahachanok (พระพุทธมหาชนก) enshrined inside. The doors and windows of sermon hall are of beautiful lacquered gold leaf painting patterns.
In addition, the area behind the temple next to the Chao Phraya River also the site of a small chic guesthouse, which used to be as a location for filming Bangkok Traffic (Love) Story, a Thai romantic-comedy film in 2009, by assuming as the residence of Loong, a lead role male character.
# Katherine Mudge

Katherine Gwen Mudge (16 August 1881 – 26 July 1975) was a British archer. She competed at the 1908 Summer Olympics in London. She was born in Llanbedr, Gwynedd in Wales. She was a member of the Devon and Cornwall Archery Society. Mudge competed at the 1908 Games in the only archery event open to women, the double National round. She took 17th place in the event with 465 points.
Her married name was Cardale. She died in Stratton in Cornwall on 26 July 1975.
# Under the Bridges

Under the Bridges (German: Unter den Brücken) is a 1946 German drama film directed by Helmut Käutner and starring Hannelore Schroth, Carl Raddatz and Gustav Knuth. The film was shot in Berlin during the summer of 1944, but was not released until after the defeat of Nazi Germany. It premiered in Locarno in September 1946, and was not released in Germany until 1950 when it was picked up for distribution by Gloria Film.
The film uses poetic realism to portray the everyday lives and romances of two Havel boatmen. In 1995, a survey among more than 300 film experts voted Unter den Brücken at No. 18 of the 100 most important German films.

## Cast

* Hannelore Schroth as Anna Altmann
* Carl Raddatz as Hendrik Feldkamp
* Gustav Knuth as Willy
* Margarete Haagen as Landlady
* Ursula Grabley as Vera, a waitress
* Hildegard Knef as Girl in Havelberg
* Walter Gross as Man on the bridge
* Helene Westphal
* Hildegard König
* Erich Dunskus as Holl, ship captain
* Klaus Pohl as Museum's employee
* Helmuth Helsig as Muhlke - Café owner
# Sainte-Florence, Gironde

Sainte-Florence (French pronunciation:; Occitan: Senta Florença) is a commune in the Gironde department in Nouvelle-Aquitaine in southwestern France.
# Miedenmolen, Holwerd

Miedenmolen is a smock mill in Holwerd, Friesland, Netherlands which was built in 1855. The mill has been restored to working order. It is listed as a Rijksmonument, number 38696.

## History

Meidenmolen was built in 1855 to drain the Dwergsmear Polder. In 1953, the water board decided to fully mechanise the mill. Meetings held on 27 December 1961 and 13 March 1962 resulted in the mill being assisted by an electric motor, but full mechanisation was not carried out. The mill was restored in 1966. The mill was sold to Stichting De Fryske Mole (English: Frisian Mills Foundation) on 4 May 1976. Further restorations were carried out in 1978 and 1994, the latter was carried out by millwright Thijs Jellema of Birdaard. In 2004 a new steel Archimedes' screw was fitted. In 2006, the mill was officially listed as being held in reserve for use in an emergency.

## Description

Meidenmolen is what the Dutch describe as an grondzeiler. It is a three-storey smock mill on a single-storey base. There is no stage, the sails reaching almost to the ground. The mill is winded by tailpole and winch. The smock and cap are thatched. The sails are Patent sails. They have a span of 20.80 metres (68 ft 3 in). The sails are carried on a cast-iron windshaft, which was cast in 1904 by De Munck Kiezer, Martenshoek, Groningen. The windshaft also carries the brake wheel which has 57 cogs. This drives the wallower (29 cogs) at the top of the upright shaft. At the bottom of the upright shaft, the crown wheel, which has 44 cogs drives a gearwheel with 43 cogs on the axle of the Archimedes' screw. The axle of the Archimedes' screw is 620 millimetres (2 ft 0 in) diameter. The screw is 1.70 metres (5 ft 7 in) diameter and 5.82 metres (19 ft 1 in) long. It is inclined at 19.7°. Each revolution of the screw lifts 1,667 litres (367 imp gal) of water.

## Public access

Meidenmolen is open by appointment.
# Josh Williams (American football)

Josh Sinclair Williams (born August 9, 1976) is an American former professional football defensive tackle who played in the National Football League (NFL) for the Indianapolis Colts from 2000 to 2005.

## Career

Williams grew up in the Houston, Texas area and attended Cypress Creek High School. He played college football for the University of Michigan from 1996 to 1999.
Pre-draft measurables :
| Height | Weight | Arm length | Hand span | 40-yard dash | 10-yard split | 20-yard split | 20-yard shuttle | Three-cone drill | Vertical jump | Broad jump |
| 6 ft 3+1⁄2 in (1.92 m) | 282 lb (128 kg) | 32+1⁄8 in (0.82 m) | 10 in (0.25 m) | 4.91 s | 1.71 s | 2.86 s | 4.25 s | 7.22 s | 30.5 in (0.77 m) | 9 ft 3 in (2.82 m) |
| All values from NFL Combine |||||||||||
He was selected by the Indianapolis Colts in the fourth round (122nd overall pick) of the 2000 NFL draft. He played six seasons as a defensive tackle for the Colts from 2000 to 2005, appearing in 73 NFL games.

## NFL career statistics

Legend :
| Bold | Career high |

### Regular season

| Year | Team | Games | Games | Tackles | Tackles | Tackles | Tackles | Tackles | Interceptions | Interceptions | Interceptions | Interceptions | Interceptions | Fumbles | Fumbles | Fumbles | Fumbles |
| Year | Team | GP | GS | Cmb | Solo | Ast | Sck | TFL | Int | Yds | TD | Lng | PD | FF | FR | Yds | TD |
| 2000 | IND | 14 | 7 | 41 | 26 | 15 | 3.0 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
| 2001 | IND | 16 | 16 | 50 | 30 | 20 | 3.0 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
| 2002 | IND | 7 | 3 | 14 | 10 | 4 | 1.0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 2003 | IND | 16 | 4 | 26 | 19 | 7 | 1.0 | 6 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 2004 | IND | 16 | 15 | 36 | 29 | 7 | 0.0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 0 |
| 2005 | IND | 4 | 3 | 6 | 3 | 3 | 0.0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| | | 73 | 48 | 173 | 117 | 56 | 8.0 | 15 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 | 3 | 4 | 0 | 0 |

### Playoffs

| Year | Team | Games | Games | Tackles | Tackles | Tackles | Tackles | Tackles | Interceptions | Interceptions | Interceptions | Interceptions | Interceptions | Fumbles | Fumbles | Fumbles | Fumbles |
| Year | Team | GP | GS | Cmb | Solo | Ast | Sck | TFL | Int | Yds | TD | Lng | PD | FF | FR | Yds | TD |
| 2000 | IND | 1 | 0 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 2002 | IND | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0.0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 2003 | IND | 3 | 0 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0.0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 2004 | IND | 2 | 1 | 7 | 6 | 1 | 0.0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| | | 7 | 1 | 12 | 10 | 2 | 0.0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
# Castillon-Savès

Castillon-Savès (French pronunciation:; Occitan: Castilhon de Savés) is a commune in the Gers department in southwestern France.
# Subdivisions of the canton of St. Gallen

The Canton of St. Gallen until 2002 was divided into 14 districts (German: Bezirke). On 1 January 2003 they were abolished and the canton was divided into 8 constituencies (German: Wahlkreise).
There are (as of 2016) 77 municipalities in the canton.

## Constituencies since 2003

The canton abolished the district level in 2003, but it remains divided into eight constituencies (Wahlkreise) without administrative significance:
| Wahlkreis | Capital | Former district(s) |
| Rheintal | Altstätten | Oberrheintal, Unterrheintal (except Thal) |
| Rorschach | Rorschach | Rorschach (except Eggersriet), Thal from Unterrheintal |
| Sarganserland | Sargans | Sargans |
| See-Gaster | Rapperswil-Jona | See, Gaster |
| St. Gallen | St. Gallen | St. Gallen, Gossau and municipality Eggersriet from Rorschach |
| Toggenburg | Lichtensteig | Alttoggenburg, Neutoggenburg, Obertoggenburg, Untertoggenburg (part) |
| Werdenberg | Buchs | Werdenberg |
| Wil | Wil | Wil, Untertoggenburg (except Ganterschwil and Mogelsberg) |

## Districts to 2002

* Alttoggenburg
* Gaster
* Gossau
* Neutoggenburg
* Oberrheintal
* Obertoggenburg
* Rorschach
* St. Gallen
* Sargans
* See
* Unterrheintal
* Untertoggenburg
* Werdenberg
* Wil
# Orlovsky District, Oryol Oblast

Orlovsky District (Russian: Орло́вский райо́н) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the twenty-four in Oryol Oblast, Russia. It is located in the center of the oblast. The area of the district is 1,701.4 square kilometers (656.9 sq mi). Its administrative center is the city of Oryol (which is not administratively a part of the district). Population: 67,384 (2010 Census); 66,167 (2002 Census); 63,801 (1989 Soviet census).

## Administrative and municipal status

Within the framework of administrative divisions, Orlovsky District is one of the twenty-four in the oblast. The city of Oryol serves as its administrative center, despite being incorporated separately as a city of oblast significance—an administrative unit with the status equal to that of the districts.
As a municipal division, the district is incorporated as Orlovsky Municipal District. The city of oblast significance of Oryol is incorporated separately from the district as Oryol Urban Okrug.

## Notable residents

* Georgy Rodin (1897–1976), Red Army lieutenant general, born in Bolotovo village
* Grigory Zhilkin (born 2003), football player, born in Biofabrika
# Pálpusztai cheese

Pálpusztai is a Hungarian soft cow's milk cheese, known for its pungent odor.
It was developed by Pál Heller of the Derby és Vajtermelő Cheese Co. in the 1890s. Heller named the cheese after himself (Pál), not after any real place.
Pálpusztai is created, like Limburger cheese, by the bacterium Brevibacterium linens which gives the cheese its pungent smell - the same one found on human skin that is partially responsible for body odor.
The small 50 gram cheeses get to the market after a maturation time of 2-3 weeks. Its surface is yellowish, slightly slimy. Its paste is creamy, almost runny and dissolves softly in the mouth. It is distinctively piquant and its flavour resembles ammonia.
# Juan Pablo Vizcardo y Guzmán

Juan Pablo Viscardo y Guzmán (1748–1798) was a Peruvian Jesuit, writer and campaigner for Latin American independence. He is widely recognised as a precursor of Peruvian independence and more widely, as an ardent opponent of Spanish colonialism in America. He played a crucial role in the development of British-Latin American relations.
Born in Pampacolca District, Peru to a Spanish colonial family, he was expelled from his own country and forced to live in exile. In 1791 he came to London, sponsored by the British Government to give account of the development of Latin America's pursuit of independence.
Guzman wrote several important essays during his time in London promoting freedom for the Spanish Colonies, including “Letter to Spanish Americans” (1792) and “Peace and Prosperity in a New World” (1796), in which he criticises Spanish colonialism and its economic control.
While living in London, Guzmán met Francisco de Miranda who translated his key manuscripts.
Juan Pablo Y Guzmán died in London in 1798 at the age of 50. There is a memorial plaque at the site, which is now 185 Baker Street.
# Saravan Rural District

Saravan Rural District (Persian: دهستان سراوان) is in Sangar District of Rasht County, Gilan province, Iran. Its capital is the village of Saravan.

## Demographics
### Population

At the time of the 2006 National Census, the rural district's population was 13,986 in 3,783 households. There were 14,041 inhabitants in 4,283 households at the following census of 2011. The 2016 census measured the population of the rural district as 12,586 in 4,233 households. The most populous of its seven villages was Saravan, with 5,542 people.
# Zhao Taimou

Zhao Taimou (Chinese: 赵太侔; pinyin: Zhào Tàimóu; 1889–1968) was a Chinese educator. He was the president of Shandong University from September 1932 until June 1936, and again from 1946 until 1949.

## Life

Zhao was born in Qingzhou, Shandong in 1889.
In 1914, he entered the English Department of Peking University. In 1919, he entered Columbia University to study literature and continued to the graduate school there to specialize in drama. During the May Thirtieth Movement in 1925, he returned to China at the same time as Wen Yiduo, Yu Shangyuan and Liang Shiqiu.
Zhao served as a professor and head of the Department of Drama at Beijing Art College. He also lectured drama theory courses at Peking University. He was appointed the first president of Shandong University.
After the founding of the People's Republic of China in 1949, Zhao became a professor of foreign languages at Shandong University. He also became a member of the Standing Committee of the CCP Shandong Provincial Committee.
In 1958, when Shandong University moved from Qingdao to Jinan, he stayed in Qingdao and became a professor of foreign languages at Shandong Ocean College (present-day Ocean University of China).
In 1968, Zhao committed suicide by jumping into the ocean.
# Malesia eugoana

Malesia is a monotypic moth genus in the subfamily Arctiinae. Its single species, Malesia eugoana, is found on Java and Borneo. Both the genus and species were first described by van Eecke in 1920.
# Rika Geyser

Adriana Hendrika Geyser (born 28 August 1978) is a South African rower. She competed in the women's single sculls event at the 2008 Summer Olympics.
# Al-Jumayyil

Al Jumayyil (Arabic: الجميل) is a town in the Amman Governorate of north-western Jordan.
# Gorenje, Postojna

Gorenje (pronounced; Italian: Goregna) is a village in the hills northwest of Postojna in the Inner Carniola region of Slovenia.

## Name

The name Gorenje is shared by several settlements in Slovenia. It arose through ellipsis of Gorenje selo (literally, 'upper village'), denoting the elevation of the place in relation to a neighboring settlement. Gorenje stands about 127 meters (417 ft) higher than Bukovje, the nearest neighboring village.

## Church

The local church in the settlement is dedicated to Saint Leonard and belongs to the Parish of Studeno.
# Kun Can

Kun Can (髡殘, Buddhist name; common name: 劉石谿 (Liu Shixi or Liu Jieqiu)) (1612 to after 1674) was a Chinese Buddhist monk and painter during Ming and Qing dynasties. He hailed from Hunan, but spent most of his life in Nanjing. He became a Chan Buddhist monk at an early age and in Nanjing was abbot of a monastery on Niushou Shan. His style of landscape painting was influenced by Wang Meng and he is one of the Four Monk Masters in the early Qing Dynasty. The others being Zhu Da, Hong Ren, and Shitao. As he was also known as Shi Xi he was at times said to be one of the "Two Shi". Few of Kun Can's works survive.
Unlike some of the other Monk Masters he seems to have become a monk well before the fall of the Ming dynasty. In personality he was noted for being frank and straightforward.

## Sources

* Chinese Paintings in the Ashmolean Museum Oxford (82-83) Oxford ISBN 1-85444-132-9
* See China
* China-on-site
* This article about a Chinese painter is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
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