OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# NI tank

The NI tank also known as the Odessa tank (/ˈniː/; Russian: Танк НИ tank NI, abbr. На испуг, Na ispug, literally "for fright"), was a Soviet improvised fighting vehicle, based on an STZ-5 agricultural tractor, manufactured in Odessa during the Siege of Odessa in World War II.

## Development

At the beginning of the war between the Axis and the Soviet Union, a majority of the factories were evacuated, including most of the equipment from the January Uprising Factory. There was machinery left and it was decided that it would be used to service battle-damaged tanks arriving from the front.
When the army fighting on the outskirts of Odessa (the city defences held out for seventy-two days before the army pulled back) started experiencing shortages in tanks, the workers from the factory decided to build a fighting vehicle of their own design. Aided by the workers from other factories, the workers of the January Uprising factory built a large metal box and mounted it on the tractor. Also added was a traversable turret with either a mountain gun or a large-calibre machine gun. The armour was a sandwich of thin naval steel or boiler plate and wood or rubber sheeting to improve protection against small arms. The resulting machine was one of the many different improvised fighting vehicles developed during the war; however it was unlike any other fighting vehicle of the time due to its sizeable production and loud noise when it moved.
Armament was varied to whatever was on hand during the siege. The first model produced used a modified T-26 tank turret, with a Degtyaryov machine gun in place of the 45mm gun that the T-26 carried. It's possible that turrets from the T-37A tank and T-38 tank were used, but these might have been improvised turrets instead, or modified from the original due to the placement of the side viewport in comparison to the standard turret. Photos exist of improvised turrets being mounted. One source states that 37mm mountain guns and 45mm anti-tank guns were fitted as acquired.

## Production history

During the siege of Odessa, a total of 69 NI tanks were produced. These then fought during the siege against the Axis forces in support of Soviet troops.To reinforce and replace losses this in turn created NI tanks. The design of the tank was based on a tractor model STZ-5 series. Base box structure helped to protect the soldiers. Transversal turret was placed on the armoured hull of the tank. Sometimes old turrets were use from damaged tanks. Power came from 1MA-4 cylinder gasoline with 44 horse power, but it proved to be noisy and slow.

## Combat use

68 NI tanks (all but one) were captured by the Axis-aligned Romanians by the end of the siege, with 14 still being on hand as of 1 November 1942.
# Jalkhand

Jalkhand (Northern Hindko: جل کھنڈ) is a town situated in the Mansehra district of Hazara, Pakistan. The town sits 3,140 metres (10,300 ft) above sea level. Jalkand is about 40 kilometres (25 mi) away from Naran. It is a beautiful place for tourists. Pyala Lake (a round lake in Kaghan Valley) is also situated in Jalkhand.
# John Wakeham

John Wakeham, Baron Wakeham, PC DL (born 22 June 1932) is a British businessman and Conservative Party politician. He was chancellor of Brunel University between 1998 and 2012, and since then has been its chancellor emeritus.
Wakeham was a director of Enron from 1994 until its bankruptcy in 2001.

## Early life and education

Wakeham was educated at two independent schools in Surrey: Aldro School in Shackleford, and Charterhouse near Godalming. He became a successful accountant and later a businessman.

## Political career

Wakeham stood unsuccessfully in Coventry East in 1966 and in Putney in 1970 before his election to the House of Commons at the February 1974 general election as the Member of Parliament (MP) for Maldon in Essex. He became a minister following Margaret Thatcher's victory in 1979.
During the late 1980s he served as Leader of the House of Commons, in which capacity he was responsible for the televising of Parliament, and as Energy Secretary (1989–92), where he drew up plans for the privatisation of electricity supply. Following a recommendation by John Major, he was created a life peer on 29 April 1992 taking the title Baron Wakeham, of Maldon in the County of Essex, serving as the Leader of the House of Lords until 1994.
Wakeham became chairman of the Press Complaints Commission in 1995, retiring in 2001. In 1997 he was appointed a Deputy lieutenant of Hampshire. Tony Blair appointed him in 1999 to head a Royal commission on reform of the House of Lords – the resulting Wakeham Report suggested a mainly-appointed Lords be maintained, with a small elected component.

## Personal life

His first wife, Roberta, was killed in the Brighton hotel bombing in October 1984 and he was trapped in rubble for seven hours, suffering serious crush injuries to his legs. The couple had two children. Wakeham married his secretary, Alison Ward MBE, in 1985 and they have a son of their own. Before being Wakeham's secretary, Ward had been Margaret Thatcher's secretary.

## Arms

Coat of arms of John Wakeham :
* CoronetA Coronet of a Baron.
* CrestA Greyhound statant Or, crowned with a Mural Crown chequy Azure and Argent, and supporting by the dexter foreleg a Cross Raguly Argent, nailed of three Or.
* EscutcheonPer fess embattled Azure and Argent, a Pale counterchanged, in the azure a Lion's Head guardant Or, langued Gules, and in the argent, a Bugle Horn Azure, garnished and stringed Or.
* SupportersDexter: a Sea-Lion Azure, Mane and Head in trian aspect Argent, langued Gules, crowned with a Crown Tridenty Gold; Sinister: a Sea-Horse Azure, Head and Neck Argent, and crowned also with a Crown Tridenty Gold, the whole upon a Compartment consisting of three Bars wavy Azure, Argent and Azure, in front thereof a Grassy Mount growing therefrom three Double Roses Argent, upon Gules, barbed and seeded stalked and leaved proper.
* MottoVigilo (I watch)
# Socond

Socond (Hungarian: Nagyszokond, Hungarian pronunciation:; German: Grossokond) is a commune situated in Satu Mare County, Romania. It is composed of five villages: Cuța (Laphegy), Hodișa (Béltekhodos), Socond, Soconzel (Kisszokond), and Stâna (Felsőboldád).
The commune is located in the southeastern part of the county, 34 km (21 mi) south of the county seat, Satu Mare, on the border with Maramureș County. Since 2013, it belongs to the Satu Mare metropolitan area.
At the 2021 census, Socond had a population of 2,763; of those, 50.74% were Roma and 39.81% Romanians.
# Berzème

Berzème (French pronunciation:; Occitan: Bersèma) is a commune in the Ardèche department in southern France.
# Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Fort-de-France–Saint-Pierre

The Archdiocese of Saint-Pierre and Fort-de-France (Latin: Archidioecesis Sancti Petri et Arcis Gallicae; French: Archidiocèse de Saint-Pierre et Fort-de-France), more simply known as the Archdiocese of Fort-de-France, is a Latin Church ecclesiastical territory or archdiocese of the Catholic Church in the Caribbean. The archdiocese comprises the entirety of the French overseas department of Martinique.
A metropolitan archdiocese, its ecclesiastical province includes the suffragan dioceses of Cayenne and Basse-Terre, and all are members of the Antilles Episcopal Conference.
Archbishop Gilbert Marie Michel Méranville's retirement for age reasons was accepted by Pope Francis on Saturday, 7 March 2015; he is succeeded by Msg. David Macaire, O.P., a Dominican priest who until then had been serving as prior of the convent La Sainte-Baume, in Toulon, France and as of now, the incumbent prelate.
As of 2006, the diocese contained 47 parishes, 35 active diocesan priests, 23 religious priests and 310,000 Catholics. It also has 171 Women Religious and 33 Religious Brothers.

## History

The diocese received its present status on 27 September 1850, when the Apostolic Prefecture of Îles de la Terre Ferme (which had lost French Guiana in 1731) was promoted from the missionary status of Apostolic Prefecture to Diocese of Martinique (Latin: Dioecesis Martinicensis; French: Diocèse de la Martinique), but also lost territory to establish the Diocese of Guadeloupe et Basse-Terre.
1853.09.12, it was renamed as Diocese of Saint-Pierre, 1902.05.08 again as Diocese of Fort-de-France–Saint-Pierre.
It was elevated to an archdiocese on 26 September 1967.

## Bishops
### Episcopal incumbents
#### Bishops of Saint-Pierre

* Etienne Jean François Le Herpeur (1850–1858; till 1853 as Bishop of Martinique)
* Louis-Martin Porchez (1858–1860)
* Amand-Joseph Fava (1871–1875)
* Julien-François-Pierre Carmené (1875–1897)
* Étienne-Joseph-Frédéric Tanoux (1898–1899)
* Maurice-Charles-Alfred de Cormont (1899–1902 see below)

#### Bishops of Fort-de-France–Saint-Pierre

* Maurice-Charles-Alfred de Cormont (see above 1902–1911)
* Joseph Félix François Malleret C.S.Sp. (1912–1914)
* Paul-Louis-Joseph Lequien (1915–1941)
* Henri-Marie-François Varin de la Brunelière C.S.Sp. (1941–1967 see below)

#### Metropolitan Archbishops of Fort-de-France–Saint-Pierre

* Henri-Marie-François Varin de la Brunelière C.S.Sp. (see above 1967–1972)
* Maurice Rigobert Marie-Sainte (1972–2004)
* Gilbert Marie Michel Méranville (2004–2015)
* David Macaire, O.P. (7 March 2015–present)

### Auxiliary bishop

* Maurice Rigobert Marie-Sainte (1968–1972), appointed Archbishop here

## Churches

* Our Lady of the Assumption Church at Sainte-Marie, Martinique
# People's National Convention (Ghana)

The People's National Convention is a political party in Ghana. After constitutional rule was restored back in Ghana in 1992 the party was formed by former President Hilla Limann based on ideals from the People's National Party which he led in the 1979 elections and won.

## Electoral performance
### 1992 Elections

The PNC has contested all national elections since the inception of the fourth republic apart from the 1992 parliamentary election, which was boycotted along with other opposition parties.

### 2004 Elections

At the elections held on 7 December 2004, the party was part of the Grand Coalition, which won four out of 230 seats. Edward Mahama, candidate of the Grand Coalition, won 1.9% of the vote at the presidential elections.

### 2008 Elections

At the December 2008 elections, the party won two seats in Parliament. For the fourth time in a row, Edward Mahama was the presidential candidate. He received 0.8% of the vote.

### 2012 Elections

Hassan Ayariga was elected in 2011 by the party to stand in the 2012 presidential election. Ayariga received 0.22% of the vote.

### 2016 Elections

The party elected new officials in 2015, with Edward Mahama becoming its presidential candidate and General Secretary Bernard Mornah becoming the chairman. The new National Treasurer is now Akane Adams who is taken over from his predecessor David Apasera, a former member of Parliament for Bolga Central. Hassan Ayariga who led the party in the 2012 elections quit the party after losing to Edward Mahama and decided to start his own party All People's Congress.

### 2024 election

Bernard Mornah was nominated to be the presidential candidate for the PNC. He was duly registered as the candidate for the party but was disqualified by the Electoral Commission from contesting the position of President.

### Parliamentary elections

| Election | Number of PNC votes | Share of votes | Seats | +/- | Position | Outcome of election |
| 2020 | 29,211 | 0.22% | 0 | 0 | 4th | Not represented in parliament |
| 2016 | 42,236 | 0.39% | 0 | 1 | 5th | Not represented in parliament |
| 2012 | 72,618 | 0.66% | 1 | 1 | 5th | Minority in parliament |
| 2008 | 117,732 | 1.4% | 2 | 2 | 4th | Minority in parliament |
| 2004 | 186,226 | 2.1% | 4 | 1 | 3rd | Minority in parliament |
| 2000 | 224,657 | 3.4% | 3 | 2 | 3rd | Minority in parliament |
| 1996 | 226,643 | 3.3% | 1 | 1 | 4th | Minority in parliament |
| 1992 | — | — | boycotted | | | The minority parties boycotted the election |

### Presidential elections

| Election | Candidate | Number of votes | Share of votes | Outcome of election |
| 2020 | David Apasera | 10,882 | 0.08% | 5th of 12 |
| 2016 | Edward Mahama | 22,214 | 0.21% | 5th of 7 |
| 2012 | Hassan Ayariga | 24,617 | 0.22% | 5th of 8 |
| 2008 | Edward Mahama | 73,494 | 0.9% | 4th of 8 |
| 2004 | Edward Mahama | 165,375 | 1.9% | 3rd (Grand Coalition) |
| 2000 | Edward Mahama | 189,659 | 2.5% | 3rd of 7 |
| 1996 | Edward Mahama | 211,136 | 3.0% | 3rd of 3 |
| 1992 | Hilla Limann | 266,728 | 6.7% | 3rdof 5 |
# William Murphy (lacrosse)

William Arthur Murphy (May 23, 1867 – April 17, 1957) was an American lacrosse player who competed in the 1904 Summer Olympics. He was a member of the St. Louis Amateur Athletic Association, which won the silver medal in the lacrosse tournament.
# Teddy Turner (actor)

Joseph Edward Turner (13 June 1917 – 29 August 1992) was a Yorkshire-born English actor and comedian who played dustbin man Chalky Whiteley in the soap opera Coronation Street. He also played the part of the similarly named farmer Bill Whiteley in Emmerdale from 1989 to 1990. In the late 1970s (and all the way up to the final series in 1990) he played the part of Mrs. Pumphrey's manservant Hodgekin in All Creatures Great and Small, Gordon in Open All Hours and subsequently the part of Banks in the popular 1980s sitcom Never the Twain. He also made occasional appearances in Last of the Summer Wine. He died of emphysema in 1992 at the age of 75.

## Filmography

| Year | Title | Role |
| 1961 | Town Without Pity | |
| 1976 | It Shouldn't Happen to a Vet | Judge |
| 1979 | Les soeurs Brontë | |
| 1979 | Dracula | Swales |
# Gurdon Institute

The Gurdon Institute (officially the Wellcome/Cancer Research UK Gurdon Institute) is a research facility at the University of Cambridge, specialising in developmental biology and cancer biology.

## History

The Institute was founded in 1989 to provide a rich, collaborative environment for scientists working in diverse but complementary specialities in the fields of developmental biology and cancer biology. It receives its primary funding from the Wellcome Trust and Cancer Research UK.
In 2004 it was renamed in honour of John Gurdon, joint winner of the 2012 Nobel Prize for medicine.

## Faculty

There are 13 Group Leaders and 4 Associate Group Leaders.
Group Leaders:
* Julie Ahringer
* Sumru Bayin
* Andrea Brand
* David Fernandez-Antoran
* Jenny Gallop
* John Gurdon
* Tony Kouzarides
* Emma Rawlins
* Benjamin Simons
* Daniel St Johnston
* Azim Surani
* Iva Tchasovnikarova
* Fengzhu Xiong
Associate Group Leaders:
* Martin Howard
* Eric Miska
* John Perry
* Steve Jackson

## Alumni

Former Group Leaders:
* Michael Akam
* Enrique Amaya
* Nick Brown
* Rafael Carazo Salas
* Thomas Down
* Martin Evans
* Charles ffrench-Constant
* Janet Heasman
* Meritxell Huch
* Ron Laskey
* Rick Livesey
* Hansong Ma
* Anne McLaren
* Masanori Mishima
* Nancy Papalopulu
* Eugenia Piddini
* Jonathon Pines
* Jordan Raff
* Jim Smith
* Chris Wylie
* Philip Zegerman
* Magdalena Zernicka-Goetz
# Trikokkia

Trikokkia (Greek: Τρικοκκιά, before 1927: Τσαπουρνιά – Tsapournia) is a village and a community of the Deskati municipality. Before the 2011 local government reform it was part of the municipality of Chasia, of which it was a municipal district. The 2021 census recorded 379 inhabitants in the community. The community of Trikokkia covers an area of 68.646 km$^2$.

## Administrative division

The community of Trikokkia consists of 3 settlements:
* Anoixi (population 96 as of 2021)
* Trifylli (population 103)
* Trikokkia (population 180)
# King's Volunteer Reserves Medal

The King's Volunteer Reserves Medal (KVRM), originally the Queen's Volunteer Reserves Medal (QVRM), was created by Royal Warrant of Queen Elizabeth II on 29 March 1999. Only 13 King's Volunteer Reserves Medals may be awarded in a year (although it appears more have been issued in some years - as of 2018, more than the 13 were awarded in 8 of the medal's 20-year history: 19 medals were awarded in 2011; 16 in 2003 and 2000; 14 in 2018, 2017, 2013, 2009 and 2002). The medal is presented only to members of the Volunteer Reserves of the British Armed Services for exemplary meritorious service in the conduct of their duties. The KVRM is a Level 3 award and ranks in military order of wear immediately after the British Empire Medal. It is the first exclusive award to Volunteer Reserves that is presented at an investiture. The first awards were announced in the 1999 Queen's Birthday Honours with these first awards presented at an investiture on 5 November 1999.

## Medal

The medal is circular and made of silver coloured metal. The obverse of the QVRM bears the sovereign's effigy surrounded by the inscription ELIZABETH II DEI GRATIA REGINA FID DEF (Latin: Elizabeth II by the Grace of God, Queen, Defender of the Faith). The reverse depicts a scroll with the inscription The Queen's Volunteer Reserves Medal. The ribbon is dark green with three narrow gold stripes. Receipt of this medal is entitles the holder to use the post-nominals KVRM or QVRM (depending on the monarch by whom the award was made). There are no clasps awarded for this medal.
# Dzmitry Balashow

Dzmitry Balashow (Belarusian: Дзмiтрый Балашоў; Russian: Дмитрий Анатольевич Балашов; born 8 January 1974) is a retired Belarusian professional footballer. After retiring, he worked as a car mechanic.

## Honours

Belshina Bobruisk
* Belarusian Premier League champion: 2001
* Belarusian Cup winner: 1996–97, 2000–01
# 2024 in Bhutan

Events during the year 2024 in Bhutan.

## Incumbents

| Photo | Post | Name |
| | King of Bhutan | Jigme Khesar Namgyel Wangchuck |
| | Prime Minister of Bhutan | Tshering Tobgay |

## Events

* 9 January – 2023–24 Bhutanese National Assembly election (second round): Voters elect 47 members of the National Assembly.

## Holidays

Source:
* 3 January – Winter solstice (Nyi
* 12 January – Traditional Day of Offering
* 10–11 February – Losar New Year
* 21–23 February – Birth Anniversary of His Majesty the King
* 18 April – Shabdrung Kurchoe
* 2 May – Birth Anniversary of Third Druk Gyalpo
* 23 May – Lord Buddha's Parinirvana
* 16 June – Sun Birth Anniversary of Guru Rinpoche
* 10 July – First Sermon of Lord Buddha
* 22 September – Sun Blessed Rainy Day
* 12 October – Sat Dashain Festival
* 1 November – Coronation of His Majesty the King
* 11 November – Birth Anniversary of Fourth Druk Gyalpo
* 22 November – Descending Day of Lord Buddha
* 17 December – National Day
# Yaroslav Mudryi National Library of Ukraine

The Yaroslav Mudryi National Library of Ukraine (Ukrainian: Національна бібліотека України імені Ярослава Мудрого, translit.: Yaroslav Mudryi National Library of Ukraine) is one of the national libraries of Ukraine, one of the largest libraries of the country. It was opened in 1866 as the city's public library. The main building of the library is located on 1, Mykhaila Hrushevskoho Street on the European Square in the center of Kyiv. It is the central library of Ukraine's public library system and is a research institute of bibliography and library science.
As of 2015, the size of the funds amounted to about 4.7 million units.

## History

The library's building itself was built in 1911, by the architects Z. Kliave and A. Krivosheyev. The library itself was first founded in 1866. During the library's 140 years of existence, it has obtained over 4 million items in its collection (which started out as a private collection). During its existence, it has collated a large collection of early prints, and rare and valuable books.
During the Second World War, the library suffered serious damage and more than 50,000 publications were taken out from its stock. The library building was set on fire by retreating Nazi troops in November 1943, and during only one night of burning, the library lost more than 300,000 editions including 7,000 manuscripts, rare books and pre-revolutionary periodicals.
Since 1944, the library collection was rebuilt anew. In 1957, the library became the State Republican Library of the Ukrainian SSR named after the CPSU, a center of scientific, methodological, and bibliographic work for the mass libraries of the republic. The only one in Ukraine, it began to receive all-Union compulsory full copies of printed works in 1962 and was able to represent contemporary literature to the fullest extent possible.
In March 1966, the library was awarded the Order of the Red Banner of Labor for its services to the development of librarianship and on the occasion of its 100th anniversary.
After the declaration of independence in 1990, the library was renamed the State Library of Ukraine, and in 1994, according to a presidential decree, it was granted the status of a national library.
# Greek National Road 42

National Road 42 (Greek: Εθνική Οδός 42) is a highway in northwestern Aetolia-Acarnania and in Lefkada, Greece. It links the town of Lefkada with the Greek National Road 5 (Antirrio - Arta - Ioannina) in Amfilochia, passing through the town of Vonitsa.
The eastern part of the GR-42, between Amfilochia and Vonitsa, runs along the southern shore of the Ambracian Gulf. The highway contains a bridge over the Vonitsa Lagoon. A drawbridge form the connection of the island of Lefkada to the mainland. The road ends in the town of Lefkada.

## Places

The GR-42 passes through the following towns (ordered from west to east):
* Lefkada (city)
* Agios Nikolaos
* Vonitsa
* Paliampelia
* Sparto
* Amfilochia