OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Liwa (music)

Līwa (Arabic: ليوه / ALA-LC: laywah) is a Khaleeji traditional dance of African origin performed in Eastern Arabia (Arab states of the Persian Gulf), mainly within communities of descendants of people from the Swahili Coast (Tanzania and Zanzibar). It is also performed by the African-descended Sheedi community, as well as the Baloch of Makran Coast and Karachi area.

## Overview

A large number of male participants arrange themselves into a circle, which is anchored by one or several drum players. A man paces in the middle of the group playing a simple reed instrument called mizmar or surnai, whose plaintive sharp sound reminds the listener of an oboe. The circle claps and dances in place, while individuals join a line which rhythmically paces around the inside of the circle. The Liwa is a more casual dance than the others, and can be performed with great spirit and banter from the young men who usually take part.
The three backing drums for this dance are the shindo, the jabwah, and the jasser. More recently, a fourth drum—known as the Peeper—was added. This drummer plays a dominant role, which gives him plenty of opportunity for a virtuoso performance.
The mizmar has an oboe-like sound and produces a haunting melody, which is lent particular poignancy by the eastern tonic scale to which it is tuned. Like the oboe, it is made in two pieces, with a double reed fitted into the second piece. The best instruments these days are made of African hardwood in Mombassa and Dar Es Salaam. Their cost can be as high as $2,000.
The Liwa begins with a mizmar solo of about six minutes in slow tempo. The drums join in, followed by the ten dancers/singers, and gradually the pace increases to reach a spectacular swirl of activity. The whole dance takes about 25 minutes and both men and women can be involved in a performance.
The singing is always performed in Swahili—the native language of Tanzania and Zanzibar. These were both major trading partners with the Persian Gulf in centuries past, and have lent their language and culture to influence this fascinating dance.
It is especially performed on Eid and other celebrations.
# Montfaucon-en-Velay

Montfaucon-en-Velay (French pronunciation:, literally Montfaucon in Velay; Occitan: Montfaucon de Velai) is a commune in the Haute-Loire department in south-central France.
# Mano, Landes

Mano (French pronunciation:; Occitan: Manòr) is a commune in the Landes department in Nouvelle-Aquitaine in south-western France.
# Aulolaimoididae

Aulolaimoididae is a family of nematodes belonging to the order Dorylaimida.
Genera:
* Adenolaimus Andrássy, 1973
* Cladocephalus Swart & Heyns, 1991
* Oostenbrinkia Ali, Suryawanshi & Ahmed, 1973
# Bjørn Erik Hollevik

Bjørn Erik Hollevik (born 10 October 1956) is a Norwegian politician for the Conservative Party.
He served as a deputy representative to the Parliament of Norway from Sogn og Fjordane during the term 2013–2017. He hails from Flora and has been a member of the county council.
# Sar Cheshmeh, East Azerbaijan

Sar Cheshmeh (Persian: سرچشمه, also Romanized as Sarchashmah and Sar Chashmeh) is a village in Sharabian Rural District, Mehraban District, Sarab County, East Azerbaijan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 338, in 77 families.
# Chungara–Tambo Quemado

Chungara–Tambo Quemado (Spanish: Paso Chungara–Tambo Quemado) is a mountain pass through the Cordillera Occidental of the Andes along the border between Chile and Bolivia. Chungara–Tambo Quemado is one of the principal Chile-Bolivia passes in the central Andes as it connects La Paz with its nearest seaport Arica.
# Portrait of Doge Leonardo Loredan

The Portrait of Doge Leonardo Loredan (Italian: Ritratto del doge Leonardo Loredan) is a painting by Italian Renaissance master Giovanni Bellini, dating from c. 1501–02. It portrays Leonardo Loredan, the Doge of Venice from 1501 to 1521, in his ceremonial garments with the corno ducale worn over a linen cap, and is signed IOANNES BELLINVS on a cartellino ("small paper"). It is on display in the National Gallery in London.

## Description

This formal portrait depicts Leonardo Loredan in his official state robes as Doge of Venice, with its ornate buttons. The distinctively shaped hat is derived from the hood of a doublet. As with other traditional portraits of the Doge, the composition resembles a Roman sculpted portrait bust. The painting is signed IOANNES BELLINVS – the Latin form of Giovanni Bellini – on a cartellino attached to a parapet at the base of the composition.
John Pope-Hennessy described Bellini as "by far the greatest fifteenth-century official portraitist", adding that "the tendency towards ideality that impairs his private portraits here stood him in good stead, and enabled him to codify, with unwavering conviction, the official personality".

## Provenance

The painting would initially have been in Venice and was probably looted when Napoleon conquered the city. It was bought in 1807 for thirteen guineas by William Thomas Beckford, who in 1844 sold it to the National Gallery for £630 (equivalent to £79,585 in 2023).
# Castillon-Massas

Castillon-Massas (French pronunciation:; Occitan: Castilhon de Massàs) is a commune in the Gers department in southwestern France.
# Gwendoline Joyce Lewis

Gwendoline Joyce Lewis (1909–1967) was a South African botanist.

## Life

She graduated from the University of Cape Town, with a PhD. She was active in the description and classification of species of the family of the Iridaceae. She was an accomplished plant collector and added over 8000 plant specimens to herbaria. She was botanist at the Bolus Herbarium of the University of Cape Town for 2 years and then was appointed curator of the South African Museum Herbarium. In 1956 this herbarium and its staff moved to Kirstenbosch National Botanical Garden. Lewis was appointed a Research Officer with the National Botanical Gardens. She was a Fellow of the Royal Society of South Africa. She died in Cape Town on 11 April 1967.
The following plants were named after her: Geissorhiza lewisiae Forester; Muraltia lewisiae Levyns; Psilocaulon lewisiae Lbol and Thamnochortus lewisiae Pillans.

## Works

The standard author abbreviation G.J.Lewis is used to indicate this person as the author when citing a botanical name.

### Books

* Gwendoline J. Lewis, A. Amalia Obermeyer, T. T. Barnard (1972). Gladiolus: A Revision of the South African Species. Purnell. 316 pp. colour illustrations by Gwendoline Joyce Lewis. (published posthumously)
* Gwendoline J. Lewis. 1954. Some Aspects of the Morphology, Phylogeny and Taxonomy of the South African Iridaceae. Volume 40, Splits 2 of Annals. Edition reimpresa of Ann. of the South African Museum, 99 pp.
# Province of Florence

The province of Florence (Italian: provincia di Firenze) was a province in the northeast of Tuscany region of Italy. The city or comune of Florence was both the capital of the province of Florence, and of the Region of Tuscany. It had an area of 3,514 square kilometres (1,357 sq mi) and a population of 1,012,180 as of 31 December 2014. The territory of the province was the birthplace of the Italian Renaissance.
In 2015 the province was replaced by the Metropolitan City of Florence.

## Geography

The Province of Florence was bordered by the Province of Bologna in the north, the Province of Ravenna and Forlì-Cesena in the north-east, the provinces of Prato, Pistoia, Pisa and Lucca in the west; the Province of Siena in the south and the Province of Arezzo in the east and southeast. Much of the province lied in the plain of the Arno river.

## Government
### List of presidents of the province of Florence

| | President | Term start | Term end | Party |
| 1 | Mario Fabiani | 1951 | 1962 | Italian Communist Party |
| 2 | Elio Gabbuggiani | 1962 | 1970 | Italian Communist Party |
| 3 | Luigi Tassinari | 1970 | 1975 | Italian Communist Party |
| 4 | Franco Ravà | 1975 | 1980 | Italian Socialist Party |
| 5 | Renato Righi | 1980 | 1981 | Italian Socialist Party |
| 6 | Oublesse Conti | 1981 | 1985 | Italian Communist Party |
| 7 | Alberto Brasca | 1985 | 1990 | Italian Communist Party |
| 8 | Mila Pieralli | 1990 | 1995 | Italian Communist Party Democratic Party of the Left |
| 9 | Michele Gesualdi | 1995 | 1999 | Italian People's Party The Daisy |
| 9 | Michele Gesualdi | 1999 | 2004 | Italian People's Party The Daisy |
| 10 | Matteo Renzi | 2004 | 2009 | The Daisy Democratic Party |
| 11 | Andrea Barducci | 2009 | 2014 | Democratic Party |
# Fritillaria (tunicate)

Fritillaria is a genus of larvacean tunicates belonging to the family Fritillariidae.

## Anatomy and behavior

Fritillaria differs from other larvaceans like the well-studied Oikopleura by having an elongated trunk region, divided into three distinct sections.
Only the anterior section, comprising the mouth, pharynx and cerebral ganglion, is covered in oikoplastic epithelium. It features a dorsal projection of epithelium, comprising many cellulose-secreting oikoplasts.
The middle section, connected to the front by the oesophagus, comprises the gut and anus, and connects to the tail. In the larva, it is covered by the epithelium, before the latter retracts to the anterior lobe and differentiates into oikoplasts.
The posterior section houses the gonads, growing inside an extension of the trunk.
The latter two sections are devoid of epidermis, instead replaced by a thin cuticular layer secreted by the epithelium during the larval stage.

### House

Like other larvaceans, Fritillaria secretes a house made of mucopolysaccharides and cellulose, helping catch food particles for filter-feeding. However, Fritillaria's house does not fully cover the animal, instead only expanding on the anterior side. Also, instead of being discarded when clogged like in other larvacean genera, it is here regularly inflated and deflated, helping cleaning off clogged particles.

## Distribution

Fritillaria is a widespread genus of larvaceans. Unusually for larvaceans, F. rex has been reported to occur deep into the bathypelagic zone in Monterey Bay.

## Species

* Fritillaria aberrans Lohmann, 1896
* Fritillaria abjornseni Lohmann, 1909
* Fritillaria aequatorialis Lohmann, 1896
* Fritillaria amphigonadis Hopcroft & Robison, 2005
* Fritillaria antarctica Lohmann, 1905
* Fritillaria arafoera Tokioka, 1956
* Fritillaria borealis Lohmann, 1896
* Fritillaria charybdae Lohmann, 1926
* Fritillaria drygalskii Lohmann, 1923
* Fritillaria fagei Fenaux, 1961
* Fritillaria formica Fol, 1872
* Fritillaria fraudax Lohmann, 1896
* Fritillaria gracilis Lohmann, 1896
* Fritillaria haplostoma Fol, 1872
* Fritillaria helenae Bückmann, 1924
* Fritillaria lucifer Hopcroft & Robison, 2005
* Fritillaria megachile Fol, 1872
* Fritillaria messanensis Lohmann in Bückmann, 1924
* Fritillaria pacifica Tokioka, 1958
* Fritillaria pellucida (Busch, 1851)
* Fritillaria polaris Bernstein, 1934
* Fritillaria ragusina Garić & Batistić, 2010
* Fritillaria rex Hopcroft & Robison, 2005
* Fritillaria tenella Lohmann, 1896
* Fritillaria urticans Fol, 1872
* Fritillaria venusta Lohmann, 1896
# The Garden of Eden (song)

"The Garden of Eden" is a song written and composed by Dennise Haas Norwood, and first recorded by Joe Valino, which reached Number 12 on the Billboard chart in December 1956. The song was also recorded by other artists, including Frankie Vaughan whose version gave him his first No. 1 in the UK in 1957.

## Recording

Valino recorded the song at his second session for Vik Records, a subsidiary of RCA, backed by George Siravo and His Orchestra. "I knew it would be a hit, even as I was recording it," he told Wayne Jancik in The Billboard Book of One-Hit Wonders.
The song was released with "Caravan" as its flip side in September 1956.

## Charts

| Chart (1956–57) | Peak position |
| Australia (AMR) | 3 |
| UK Singles (OCC) | 23 |
| US Billboard The Top 100 | 12 |
| US Cash Box Top 50 | 15 |

## Frankie Vaughan version

In the UK, many different versions of the song were released. The most popular of these was recorded by the singer Frankie Vaughan with Wally Stott And His Orchestra And Chorus. The song gave Vaughan his first No. 1 hit in the United Kingdom in January 1957. The song first entered the UK Singles Chart on 11 January 1957, and reached No. 1 two weeks later. It spent four weeks at the top, and 13 weeks in the charts all together.

## Other versions

Gary Miller also released his version in the UK around the same time, and it reached No. 14 on the chart.
Dick James also released a version in 1957. Dick James' version reached No. 18 in the UK chart.
# The Blacks (play)

The Blacks (French: Les Nègres) is a play by the French dramatist Jean Genet. Published in 1958, it was first performed in a production directed by Roger Blin at the Théâtre de Lutèce in Paris, France, which opened on 28 October 1959.

## Synopsis

A review of the Theatre Royal Stratford East production (2007) states:
   Using the framework of a play within a play, it exposes racial prejudice and stereotypes while exploring black identity. As a troupe of black actors re-enact the trial and ensuing murder of a white woman before a kangaroo court, the Queen and her entourage look on and comment. Five of the 13 black actors don Whiteface to play establishment figures. The Queen (a whited-up woman) comes to a Command Performance, but the proceedings are far removed from any Royal Variety Show.

## In Genet's oeuvre

In a prefatory note, Genet specifies the conditions under which he anticipates the play would be performed, revealing his characteristic concern with the politics and ritual of theatricality:
   This play, written, I repeat, by a white man, is intended for a white audience, but if, which is unlikely, it is ever performed before a black audience, then a white person, male or female, should be invited every evening. The organizer of the show should welcome him formally, dress him in ceremonial costume and lead him to his seat, preferably in the first row of the orchestra. The actors will play for him. A spotlight should be focused upon this symbolic white throughout the performance. But what if no white person accepted? Then let white masks be distributed to the black spectators as they enter the theater. And if the blacks refuse the masks, then let a dummy be used.
After The Balcony in 1960, The Blacks was the second of Genet's plays to be staged in New York. The production was the longest-running Off-Broadway non-musical of the decade. This 1961 New York production opened on 4 May at the St. Mark's Playhouse and ran for 1,408 performances. It was directed by Gene Frankel, with sets by Kim E. Swados, music by Charles Gross, and costumes and masks by Patricia Zipprodt. The original cast featured James Earl Jones as Deodatus, Roscoe Lee Browne as Archibald, Louis Gossett Jr., as Edgar Alas Newport News, Cicely Tyson as Stephanie, Godfrey Cambridge as Diouf, Jay J. Riley as the Governor, Cynthia Belgrave as Adelaide Bobo, Ethel Ayler as Augusta Snow, Helen Martin as Felicity Trollop Pardon, Raymond St. Jacques as Judge, Maya Angelou as the White Queen and Charles Gordone as the burglar.
Shi Mei Li directed the play in 1983.
# Kozarišče

Kozarišče (pronounced, in older sources Kozaršče, German: Kosarsche, Italian: Cosarsca) is a village south of Stari Trg pri Ložu in the Municipality of Loška Dolina in the Inner Carniola region of Slovenia. The area of the village extends south of the main settlement right to the Snežnik Plateau and to the border with Croatia. Snežnik Castle, a 13th-century castle, is located just southwest of the village.

## Church

The local church in the settlement dates to the mid-16th century and is dedicated to Saint Benedict and belong to the Parish of Stari Trg pri Ložu.

## Mass graves

Kozarišče is the site of two known mass graves associated with the Second World War. The Kozlovka Cave Mass Grave (Slovene: Grobišče Jama Kozlovka) is located in a spruce woods along the road from Kozarišče to Knežak. It is a 56-meter (184 ft) deep shaft that contains the remains of Slovene anticommunist militia members. The Grobnica Mass Grave (Grobišče Grobnica) is located in the forest southwest of the settlement. It contains an undetermined number of victims.
# The Syndicate (game show)

The Syndicate is a British game show that aired on BBC One from 26 June to 15 September 2000 and was hosted by Nick Ross. It was seen as the BBC's attempt to rival ITV's Who Wants to Be a Millionaire?.
Mark Labbett, who is now known for being a Chaser on The Chase, appeared on this show.
# Bala Mahalleh-ye Chubar

Bala Mahalleh-ye Chubar (Persian: بالامحله چوبر, also Romanized as Bālā Maḩalleh-ye Chūbar) is a village in Chubar Rural District, Haviq District, Talesh County, Gilan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 500, in 117 families.

## Language

Linguistic composition of the village.
Bala Mahalleh-ye Chubar linguistic composition
language
percent
Azerbaijani
100% :
# Herm, Landes

Herm (French pronunciation:; Occitan: Èrm) is a commune in the Landes department in Nouvelle-Aquitaine in southwestern France.
# Dean of Killala

The Dean of Killala is based at the Cathedral Church of St Patrick, Killala in the Diocese of Killala within the united bishopric of Tuam, Killala and Achonry of the Church of Ireland. The Cathedral Church of St Crumnathy, Achonry, was closed in 1997. The Chapters of Killala & Achonry were amalgamated in 2013; The Cathedral of St Patrick, Killala, becoming also the diocesan Cathedral of Achonry. The Dean of Killala is the Very Revd Diane Matchett, also Dean of Tuam.

## List of deans of Killala

* 1613: William Flanagan
* 1628/9–1635: William Buchanan (afterwards Dean of Achonry, 1635)
* 1635: Robert Forgie
* 1664: Henry Dodwell
* 1674: Alexander Murray
* 1701–1718: Francis Knapp
* 1718–1724: Jonathan Smedley (afterwards Dean of Clogher, 1724)
* 1724–?1741: Peter Maturin (died 1741)
* 1741–1770: Theophilus Brocas
* 1770–1795: John Brocas
* 1795: Thomas Vesey Dawson
* 1796–1799: Thomas Thompson
* 1800–1805: Walter Blake Kirwan
* 1806–1817: Edmund Burton
* 1817–1844: Hon George Saunders Gore
* 1844–1871: James Collins
* 1871–1885: William Jackson
* 1885–1903: William Skipton
* 1903–?1904: William Oliver Jackson (died 1904)
* 1904–?1911: C. Ormsby Wiley
* 1911–?1915: George Henry Croly
* 1915–1927: Theophilus Patrick Landey
* 1928–>: William Colvin
* >1963–? Herbert Friedrich Friess (died 1997)
* ?–?1975 John Ernest Leeman (died 1975)
* 1976–1979: John Henry Hodgins
* 1979–1989: Malcolm Frederick Graham
* 1989–2003: Edward George Ardis
* 2003–2007: Sue Patterson
* 2007–2012: vacant
* 2012–2013: Wendy Mary Callan
* 2013–2022: Alistair Grimason
* 2024-present: Diane Matchett
# Kizilyurtovsky District

Kizilyurtovsky District is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the forty-one in the Republic of Dagestan, Russia. It is located in the center of the republic. The area of the district is 524.01 square kilometers (202.32 sq mi). Its administrative center is the town of Kizilyurt (which is not administratively a part of the district). As of the 2010 Census, the total population of the district was 61,876.

## Administrative and municipal status

Within the framework of administrative divisions, Kizilyurtovsky District is one of the forty-one in the republic. It is divided into three selsoviets, comprising sixteen rural localities. The town of Kizilyurt serves as its administrative center, despite being incorporated separately as an administrative unit with the status equal to that of the districts.
As a municipal division, the district is incorporated as Kizilyurtovsky Municipal District. Its three selsoviets are incorporated as thirteen rural settlements within the municipal district. The Town of Kizilyurt is incorporated separately from the district as Kizilyurt Urban Okrug, but serves as the administrative center of the municipal district as well.
# Cha-uat district

Cha-uat (Thai: ชะอวด, pronounced) is a district (amphoe) in the southern part of Nakhon Si Thammarat province, southern Thailand.

## Geography

Neighboring districts are (from the west clockwise): Thung Song, Chulabhorn, Ron Phibun, Chaloem Phra Kiat, Chian Yai, and Hua Sai of Nakhon Si Thammarat Province; Ranot of Songkhla province; Khuan Khanun and Pa Phayom of Phatthalung province; and Huai Yot of Trang province.
Khao Pu - Khao Ya National Park is in the Nakhon Si Thammarat mountain range at the boundary of Phatthalung and Trang Provinces.

## History

The minor district (king amphoe) was created in 1923, when it was split from Ron Phibun district. It was upgraded to a full district on 1 January 1953.
In 1918, the southern railway line was opened to Padang Besar. This route also passes through Cha-uat. It has brought prosperity and trade to the local raising the level to make Cha-uat progress accordingly. Not long after, Thai Chinese settled down to do business. In those days, Cha-uat was one of the important economic zones of Nakhon Si Thammarat.
Later, when more roads were cut, the land transportation route became more convenient, because it can travel directly to the major cities. Cha-uat became just a transit town, but still hides good stuff that are valuable.

## Administration

The district is divided into 11 sub-districts (tambons), which are further subdivided into 88 villages (mubans). Cha-uat is a township (thesaban tambon) which covers parts of tambon Cha-uat and Tha Pra Cha. There are a further 11 tambon administrative organizations (TAO).
| No. | Name | Thai name | Villages | Pop. |
| 1. | Cha-uat | ชะอวด | 9 | 12,405 |
| 2. | Tha Samet | ท่าเสม็ด | 7 | 4,765 |
| 3. | Tha Pracha | ท่าประจะ | 6 | 7,180 |
| 4. | Khreng | เคร็ง | 11 | 7,654 |
| 5. | Wang Ang | วังอ่าง | 10 | 9,551 |
| 6. | Ban Tun | บ้านตูล | 6 | 6,955 |
| 7. | Khon Hat | ขอนหาด | 8 | 6,147 |
| 8. | Ko Khan | เกาะขันธ์ | 9 | 8,903 |
| 9. | Khuan Nong Hong | ควนหนองหงษ์ | 8 | 6,830 |
| 10. | Khao Phra Thong | เขาพระทอง | 7 | 7,345 |
| 11. | Nang Long | นางหลง | 7 | 6,492 |