OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Stump harvesting

In plantation forests in parts of Europe, the tree stumps left after felling are now sometimes pulled out of the ground to supply wood fuel for biomass power stations. The stump is the base of the trunk and the attached woody roots. Tree stumps and roots are extracted using a hydraulic head on a tracked excavator or with a mechanical head equipped by a special tool for tractors. Stump harvesting is expected to provide an increasing component of the woody material required by the woody biomass power sector in Europe.
During the 20th century in the United States longleaf pine stumps were harvested for extraction of naval stores from the resinous wood.

## Sustainability

Stump harvesting is unsuitable on many soils where the removal leads to long term reduction in nutrition or an unacceptable loss of soil carbon. Also, it is necessary that care is taken to avoid areas with archaeology, ecologically sensitive areas, steep slopes, and areas close to streams and rivers. In many situations removal of stumps leads to a further loss of wood with a resulting loss of the potential biodiversity that depends on wood.

## History

Stump harvesting is not a new process. Records of tree stumps being dug out of the ground for wood fuel go back hundreds of years in Europe. It was practiced in the 1970s in Swedish forests before declining in popularity, but is being considered again there now that there is a greater need for fuel wood. In Britain, stumps are removed in some forests for disease control, especially in south-east England. Additionally, they are extracted where restoring plantation forest areas to peat bog for conservation reasons. Recently small scale commercial stump harvesting has started in parts of Scotland to provide fuel for biomass power stations. In Finland, stumps were at one time used to produce tar and charcoal. In the 1970s, a number of trials were set up in Finland to examine the viability of stump harvesting for woody biomass, but it is only in recent years that it has developed into a large scale commercial operation.

## Naval stores

Stump harvesting was an important part of the naval stores industry in the 20th century in the United States. The primary source of naval stores in the United States in the 20th century was the longleaf pine of the Eastern woodlands of the United States. While turpentine and other products were traditionally obtained by collecting resin from living trees, lumber from the trees was also in demand, and many longleaf pine forests were clear cut, leaving only stumps. After efficient machinery was developed for chipping wood, it became profitable to dig old up pine stumps and extract turpentine and other products from the resinous wood. Other industrial processes for producing naval stores have much reduced the use of pine wood for naval stores.
# Virsac

Virsac (French pronunciation:; Occitan: Virçac) is a commune in the Gironde department in Nouvelle-Aquitaine in southwestern France.
# Humphrey Truman

Humphrey Truman (born 5 August 1935) is a British former tennis player.
Raised in Essex, Truman is the elder brother of tennis players Christine Truman and Nell Truman.
During the 1950s and 1960s he competed at Wimbledon, mostly as a doubles player. He made the mixed doubles quarter-finals of the 1959 Wimbledon Championships with sister Christine and featured in the singles main draw twice.
Truman, who was a pilot in the RAF, also played the sport of squash and appeared at the British Open.
# Dale Womersley (tennis)

Dale Womersley (28 July 1860 – 22 August 1942) was a British tennis player active in the late 19th century. In major tournaments of the time he played at the 1880 Wimbledon Championships where he was beaten in the second round by William Renshaw. Between 1879 and 1882 he won three singles titles.

## Career

In 1879 Womersely played his first tournament at the Essex County Cricket Club Tournament at Leyton, where he reached the final, but lost to his brother Nalton Wormersly. In 1880 he won his first title at the Essex County Cricket Club Tournament against Richard. C. Ball. The same year he won a second title at the Devonshire Park Championships at Eastbourne.
In the summer of 1880 he played at Wimbledon Championships where he progressed to second round, but was defeated by William Renshaw. In September 1881 he competed at the South of England Championships. The same year he won his third and final title at the Essex Championships at Brentwood, Essex, defeating Champion Branfill Russell, Charles Walder Grinstead, Edward North Buxton, and finally his brother Nalton Womersley on his way to the title. He played his final singles tournament at the Essex Championships in 1882 where he failed to defend his title.

## Career finals
### Singles:4 (3 titles, 1 runner-up)

| Result | No. | Date | Tournament | Location | Surface | Opponent | Score |
| Loss | 1. | 1879 | Essex County Cricket Club Tournament | Leyton | Grass | Nalton Womersley | 4–6, 5–6 |
| Win | 2. | 1880 | Essex County Cricket Club Tournament | Leyton | Grass | R.C. Ball | 2 sets to 0 |
| Win | 3. | 1880 | Devonshire Park Championships | Eastbourne | Grass | Frederick Brunning Maddison | 6–4, 3–6, 6–2, 6–3 |
| Win | 4. | 1881 | Essex Championships | Brentwood | Grass | Nalton Womersley | 6–0, 6–4 |

## Work and Family

Dale Womersley was the brother of fellow lawn tennis players Albert Womersley and Nalton Womersley and a stockbroker by profession.
# All Island Industrial and Farmers Party

The All Island Industrial and Farmers Party was a political party in Dominica. It contested the 1961 general elections, receiving 8% of the vote but failing to win a seat. It did not run in any subsequent elections.
# Ostrołęka County

Ostrołęka County (Polish: powiat ostrołęcki) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Masovian Voivodeship, east-central Poland. It came into being on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat is the city of Ostrołęka, although the city is not part of the county (it constitutes a separate city county). The only town in Ostrołęka County is Myszyniec, which lies 38 km (24 mi) north of Ostrołęka.
The county covers an area of 2,099.32 square kilometres (810.6 sq mi). As of 2019 its total population is 88,717, out of which the population of Myszyniec is 3,408 and the rural population is 85,309.

## Neighbouring counties

Apart from the city of Ostrołęka, Ostrołęka County is also bordered by Pisz County and Kolno County to the north, Łomża County to the east, Ostrów Mazowiecka County to the south-east, Wyszków County to the south, Maków County to the south-west, Przasnysz County to the west, and Szczytno County to the north-west.

## Administrative division

The county is subdivided into 11 gminas (one urban-rural and 10 rural). These are listed in the following table, in descending order of population.
| Gmina | Type | Area (km²) | Population (2019) | Seat |
| Gmina Kadzidło | rural | 258.9 | 11,399 | Kadzidło |
| Gmina Olszewo-Borki | rural | 195.8 | 10,759 | Olszewo-Borki |
| Gmina Rzekuń | rural | 135.5 | 10,757 | Rzekuń |
| Gmina Myszyniec | urban-rural | 228.6 | 10,459 | Myszyniec |
| Gmina Lelis | rural | 197.0 | 9,696 | Lelis |
| Gmina Łyse | rural | 246.5 | 8,421 | Łyse |
| Gmina Goworowo | rural | 218.9 | 8,311 | Goworowo |
| Gmina Baranowo | rural | 198.2 | 6,489 | Baranowo |
| Gmina Czerwin | rural | 171.1 | 5,107 | Czerwin |
| Gmina Troszyn | rural | 156.3 | 4,765 | Troszyn |
| Gmina Czarnia | rural | 92.5 | 2,554 | Czarnia |
# St. Elizabeth's Church, Wrocław

St. Elizabeth's Church (Polish: Bazylika św. Elżbiety) of the Catholic Third Order of Saint Francis is a Gothic church in Wrocław, Poland. It is one of the most iconic structures of the city's Old Town panorama.

## History

The structure dates back to the 14th century, when construction was commissioned by the city. The main tower was originally 130 meters tall. From 1525 until 1946, St. Elizabeth's was the chief Lutheran Church of Wrocław and Silesia and the principal congregation of the Evangelical Church of Prussia in Breslau. The last sermon in German was given on June 30, 1946, paying tribute to the loss of home.
In 1946 it was expropriated and given to the Military Chaplaincy of the Polish Roman Catholic Church. The church was damaged by heavy hail in 1529, and gutted by fire in 1976. The church's renowned organ was destroyed. The reconstructed main tower is now 91.5 meters tall. An observation deck near the top is open to the public. Since 1999 there is a memorial on the church property to Pastor Dietrich Bonhoeffer, a native of the city (then Breslau, Germany) and martyr to the anti-Nazi Cause.
* Panoramic view of St. Elisabeth Church
* St. Elisabeth Church, 14th century, with 130 m spire
* Interior
* Memorial of Dietrich Bonhoeffer

## Gallery

* Annunciation with the Trinity, circa 1480, National Museum in Warsaw collection since 1946.
* Master of the Annunciation with Unicorn Polyptych, National Museum in Warsaw collection since 1946.
* Madonna and Child (Beautiful Madonna), circa 1390, National Museum in Warsaw collection since 1946.
* Epitaph of Hans Hölczel, circa 1512, National Museum in Warsaw collection since 1946.
* Portrait of Martin Luther, 1564, workshop of Lucas Cranach the Younger, National Museum in Warsaw collection since 1946.
# Sheila Macintosh

Sheila Macintosh (née Speight) is an English squash player who won the British Open in 1960. She was also the runner-up at the championship in 1954, 1956, 1957, 1958 and in 1959.
Besides winning the British Open, she also won the Massachusetts Women's Hardball Championships in 1959 and 1963.
# Nikephoros Bryennios

Nikephoros Bryennios or Nicephorus Bryennius (Greek: Νικηφόρος Βρυέννιος) may refer to:
* Nikephoros Bryennios (ethnarch) (fl. 1050s), Byzantine general
* Nikephoros Bryennios the Elder (fl. 1070s), Byzantine general, son of the above, who made an attempt on the throne of Michael VII Doukas in 1077-1078
* Nikephoros Bryennios the Younger (1062–1137), son or grandson of the preceding, Byzantine general, statesman and historian
# Leo Barker

Leonardo Barker (born November 7, 1959) is a Panamanian former professional football player who was the first person born in Panama to play in the National Football League (NFL). He played for the Cincinnati Bengals from 1984 until 1991. He played varsity football at Rainbow City/Cristobal in the Panama Canal Zone, then an unincorporated territory of the United States. From 2008 to 2010, he was the head coach of the Hornets of Roswell High School. He lives in Roswell, Georgia, with his family, teaches Spanish and linebacker coach for Blessed Trinity Catholic High School.

## College career

Barker was a member of the New Mexico State University Aggies football team from 1979 to 1983. He was a starting (linebacker) every year he played and was second on the team in tackles his junior and senior seasons. At New Mexico State, Barker racked up 378 career tackles; enough to place him number four on the all-time Aggie list. In 2003, Leo Barker was inducted into the New Mexico State University Intercollegiate Athletic Hall of Fame.

## Professional career

He was selected by the Cincinnati Bengals in the seventh round of the NFL draft in 1983. He played for the Bengals until 1992, when he retired. Barker was an integral part of the Bengals’ nickel-package defense. In 1989, Barker helped lead them to a league best 12-4 record and an appearance in Super Bowl XXIII.
# Momas

Momas (French pronunciation:; Occitan: Monmans) is a commune in France. It is located in the Pyrénées-Atlantiques departement, in the region of Nouvelle-Aquitaine. It is part of the historical province of Béarn.
# Dorcan

Dorcan is an area in the east of Swindon, Wiltshire, England, located close to the A419 (51°34′N 1°44′W﻿ / ﻿51.56°N 01.73°W﻿ / 51.56; -01.73).
The population of the Dorcan electoral ward taken at the 2011 census was 8,684.
Taking its name from the nearby Dorkerne (now Dorcan) brook, Dorcan is within the civil parish of Nythe, Eldene and Liden, and is bounded to the north by Covingham parish. It is the site of the Dorcan Industrial Estate which includes the UK headquarters of Tyco Electronics and offices of Npower (UK), Equiinet, MMG MagDev, Romec, House of Fraser (information systems) and a Royal Mail sorting office. The pharmaceutical company Patheon also has a large facility here.
The Dorcan Academy, a secondary school, is also in this area.

## Politics and government

Dorcan is part of the Covingham and Dorcan ward for elections to Swindon Borough Council. The ward is part of the Swindon South parliamentary constituency for UK general elections.
# Birac-sur-Trec

Birac-sur-Trec (French pronunciation:; Occitan: Virac) is a commune in the Lot-et-Garonne department in southwestern France.
# Black Beach (film)

Black Beach is a 2020 Spanish thriller drama film directed by Esteban Crespo which stars Raúl Arévalo alongside Candela Peña.

## Plot

Featuring the backdrop of a large-scale political and corporate corruption scheme, Carlos, an unscrupulous executive (and former development cooperator), is sent as a mediator to the kidnapping of an oil company engineer in an African country where he worked in the past, bringing his personal and business interests to collide.

## Cast

* Raúl Arévalo as Carlos
* Candela Peña as Ale
* Lidia Nené
* Claude Musungayi
* Emilio Buale
* Melina Matthews as Susan
* Paulina García
* Aída Wellgaye as Ada
* Jimmy Castro as Calixto
* Julius Cotter as Ronald U.N. Envoy
* Luka Peroš

## Production

The screenplay was penned by Esteban Crespo and David Moreno. The film is a Pris&Batty Films, Nephilim and BlackBeach AIE production, with the participation of RTVE and Netflix, reportedly boasting a budget of around €7 million. Shooting locations included Ghana, the Canary Islands, Brussels, Toledo, and Madrid.

## Release

The film premiered at the 23rd Málaga Film Festival's main competition on 23 August 2020. Distributed by eOne Films Spain, the film was theatrically released in Spain on 25 September 2020.

## Reception

Raquel Hernández Luján of HobbyConsolas gave the "ambitious and well structured" film 70 out of 100 points ("good"), highlighting an "enviable" production design while noting that more excitement is missing, with the more compelling story being the subplot pertaining Peña's supporting character.
Quim Casas of El Periódico de Catalunya gave Black Beach 2 out of 5 stars, writing that it "turns out to be an unbalanced film", remaining in no man's land, "solvent at times. Insufficient at other times", with the "things that happen and are said in the African country seeming to come straight out of a colonial comic book".
Sergio F. Pinilla of Cinemanía rated the film 4½ out of 5 stars, concluding as a veredict that "Arevalo's odyssey is entertaining, moving and thought-provoking".
Marta Medina of El Confidencial deemed the "confusing" film to feature "many possibilities and little sincerity", also considering that "there is something too contrived in both the narration and the mise-en-scène, which prevents the story from flowing naturally".

## Accolades

| Year | Award | Category | Nominee(s) | Result |
| 2021 | 35th Goya Awards | Best Production Supervision | Carmen Martínez Muñoz | Nominated |
| 2021 | 35th Goya Awards | Best Cinematography | Ángel Amorós | Nominated |
| 2021 | 35th Goya Awards | Best Editing | Fernando Franco, Miguel Doblado | Nominated |
| 2021 | 35th Goya Awards | Best Art Direction | Montse Sanz | Nominated |
| 2021 | 35th Goya Awards | Best Sound | Coque Lahera, Nacho Royo-Villanova, Sergio Testón | Nominated |
| 2021 | 35th Goya Awards | Best Special Effects | Raúl Romanillos, Jean-Louis Billard | Nominated |
# Polish Olympic Committee

The Polish Olympic Committee (Polish: Polski Komitet Olimpijski, official acronym PKOl) is the National Olympic Committee representing Poland.

## History

The Polish Olympic Committee was established on 12 October 1919 and in 1919 was recognised by the International Olympic Committee.

## List of presidents

| President | Term |
| Stefan Lubomirski | 1919–1921 |
| Kazimierz Lubomirski | 1921–1929 |
| Kazimierz Glabisz | 1929–1945 |
| Alfred Loth | 1946–1952 |
| Włodzimierz Reczek | 1952–1973 |
| Bolesław Kapitan | 1973–1978 |
| Marian Renke | 1978–1986 |
| Bolesław Kapitan | 1986–1988 |
| Aleksander Kwaśniewski | 1988–1991 |
| Andrzej Szalewicz | 1991–1997 |
| Stanisław Stefan Paszczyk | 1997–2005 |
| Piotr Nurowski | 2005–2010 |
| Andrzej Kraśnicki | 2010–2023 |
| Radoslaw Piesiewicz | 2023–present |

## Member federations

The Polish National Federations are the organizations that coordinate all aspects of their individual sports. They are responsible for training, competition and development of their sports. There are currently 29 Olympic Summer and 8 Winter Sport Federations in Poland.
| National Federation | Summer or Winter | Headquarters |
| Polish Archery Federation | Summer | Warsaw |
| Polish Athletic Association | Summer | Warsaw |
| Polish Badminton Association | Summer | Warsaw |
| Polish Basketball Association | Summer | Warsaw |
| Polish Biathlon Association | Winter | Katowice |
| Polish Bobsleigh and Skeleton Federation | Winter | Gdańsk |
| Polish Boxing Association | Summer | Warsaw |
| Polish Canoe Federation | Summer | Warsaw |
| Polish Curling Association | Winter | Warsaw |
| Polish Cycling Federation | Summer | Pruszków |
| Polish Equestrian Federation | Summer | Warsaw |
| Polish Fencing Federation | Summer | Warsaw |
| Polish Figure Skating Association | Winter | Warsaw |
| Polish Football Association | Summer | Warsaw |
| Polish Golf Union | Summer | Warsaw |
| Polish Gymnastics Association | Summer | Warsaw |
| Polish Handball Federation | Summer | Warsaw |
| Polish Hockey Association | Summer | Poznań |
| Polish Ice Hockey Federation | Winter | Warsaw |
| Polish Judo Association | Summer | Warsaw |
| Polish Luge Federation | Winter | Warsaw |
| Polish Modern Pentathlon Association | Summer | Warsaw |
| Polish Rowing Association | Summer | Warsaw |
| Polish Rugby Union | Summer | Warsaw |
| Polish Ski Association | Winter | Kraków |
| Polish Sport Shooting Federation | Summer | Warsaw |
| Polish Speed Skating Association | Winter | Warsaw |
| Polish Swimming Federation | Summer | Warsaw |
| Polish Table Tennis Association | Summer | Warsaw |
| Polish Taekwondo Federation | Summer | Oleśnica |
| Polish Tennis Association | Summer | Warsaw |
| Polish Triathlon Union | Summer | Warsaw |
| Polish Volleyball Federation | Summer | Warsaw |
| Polish Weightlifting Federation | Summer | Warsaw |
| Polish Wrestling Federation | Summer | Warsaw |
| Polish Yachting Association | Summer | Warsaw |
# Palainiškiai

Palainiškiai (formerly Russian: Палайнишки, Polish: Pałajniszki) is a village in Kėdainiai district municipality, in Kaunas County, in central Lithuania. According to the 2011 census, the village was uninhabited. It is located 3 kilometres (1.9 mi) from Ąžuolaičiai, by the Kėdainiai-Krakės road, inside the Josvainiai Forest, by the Smilga river. The Smilga Landscape Sanctuary in located next to Palainiškiai.
At the beginning of the 20th century there was Palainiškiai estate in Josvainiai volost.

## Demography

| Year | Pop. | ±% p.a. |
| 1902 | 20 | — |
| 1923 | 32 | +2.26% |
| 1959 | 22 | −1.04% |
| 1970 | 11 | −6.11% |
| Year | Pop. | ±% p.a. |
| 1979 | 7 | −4.90% |
| 1989 | 3 | −8.12% |
| 2001 | 0 | −100.00% |
| 2011 | 0 | 0.00% |
Source: 1902, 1923, 1959 & 1970, 1979, 1989, 2001, 2011 :
# Saint-Benoît-du-Sault

Saint-Benoît-du-Sault (French pronunciation: ; Occitan: Sent Benet de Saul) is a commune in the Indre department in central France.
It is a medieval village, perched in a curve on a rocky butte overlooking the Portefeuille River in the former province of Berry. Since 1988, it has been a member of Les Plus Beaux Villages de France (The Most Beautiful Villages of France) Association.

## History

Located in the area of Gaul settled by a powerful Celtic tribe, the Bituriges, "Kings of the World" (summa penes imperii bituriges), powerful until their defeat against Julius Caesar at Bourges (Avaricum), part of Roman Aquitania.
Two dolmens (Passebonneau and des Gorces) near to Saint-Benoît-du-Sault attest to the ancientness of human presence, if not of the Bituriges. Ten centuries later, in 974, some benedictine monks of Sacierges-Saint-Martin took refuge on a granite spur, where they founded a priory: Salis, future Saint-Benoît-du-Sault. From the 10th to the 17th century, the history of the priory and the new village is made up of resistance to the possessive desires of feudal neighbours, such as the Limoges and de Brosse family. The town was surrounded by a double line of ramparts. The first, the most ancient, protected the priory, the church and the fort, the second established in the 15th century, encircled the commercial part. Its maze of narrow cobbled streets remains popular with sightseers.

## Sights

Of architectural significance:
* Belfry.
* 14th-century portal.
* 14th-century Roman Priory. (Monuments Historiques)
* The medieval city in general.
* Castle of Brosse
* 14th-century portal
* Medieval town

## Personalities

People associated with Saint-Benoît-du-Sault:
* Hervé Faye (1814–1902), astronomer
* François-Timoléon de Choisy (1644–1724), priest and author
* Herbert Southworth (1908–1999), historian
# Kirova, Republic of Bashkortostan

Kirova (Russian: Кирова) is a rural locality (a khutor) in Yalchinsky Selsoviet, Kugarchinsky District, Bashkortostan, Russia. The population was 11 as of 2010. There is 1 street.

## Geography

Kirova is located 45 km northwest of Mrakovo (the district's administrative centre) by road. Khudayberdino is the nearest rural locality.
# Saint-Andéol-de-Vals

Saint-Andéol-de-Vals (Occitan: Sant Andiòu de Vals) is a commune in the Ardèche department in the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region in southern France.
# Brie, Ariège

Brie (French pronunciation: ; Occitan: Bria) is a commune in the Ariège department of southwestern France. The commune is located on the slopes between the rivers Ariège and Lèze. It borders the department of Haute-Garonne. The mayor is Isabelle Peyrefitte.

## Population

In 2017, the commune had 219 inhabitants, an increase of 31% compared to 2007. Inhabitants of Brie are called Briençais.
# Cadéac

Cadéac (French pronunciation:; Occitan: Cadiac) is a commune in the Hautes-Pyrénées department in south-western France.
# Grand-Brassac

Grand-Brassac (French pronunciation:; Occitan: Grand Braçac) is a commune in the Dordogne department in Nouvelle-Aquitaine in southwestern France.