OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Protomolgula

Protomolgula is a genus of ascidian tunicates in the family Molgulidae.
Species within the genus Protomolgula include:
* Protomolgula bythia Monniot F., 1971
* Protomolgula cornuta Monniot & Monniot, 1991
* Protomolgula triangularis Millar, 1982
# Baix Empordà

Baix Empordà (Catalan:; Spanish: Bajo Ampurdán; "Lower Empordà") is a comarca (county) in the Girona region, Catalonia, in Spain. It is one of the two comarques into which Empordà was divided in the comarcal division of 1936, the other one being Alt Empordà. It is popularly known as L'Empordanet ("the Little Empordà"). The capital is La Bisbal d'Empordà.

## Geography
### Extent

Baix Empordà is the southern portion of the historical region of Empordà. It includes the municipalities between the Montgrí Massif, just north of the river Ter, and the Aro valley, in the south. It measure some 43 kilometres (27 mi) from north to south, and 28 kilometres (17 mi) from east to west, with a total area of 700.5 square kilometres (270.5 sq mi). It borders Alt Empordà to the north, Gironès and Selva to the west and the Mediterranean Sea to the east.
The Mediterranean coast of the Baix Empordia is part of the Costa Brava, and is a major tourist destination, including resorts such as Sant Feliu de Guíxols, s'Agaro, Platja d'Aro, Sant Antoni de Calonge, Palamós, La Fosca, Calella de Palafrugell, Llafranc, Tamariu, Fornells de Mar and l'Estartit.
The capital of Baix Empordia is La Bisbal d'Empordà, which is some 15 kilometres (9.3 mi) from the coast, but several of the comarca's coastal municipalities have significantly larger populations, most notably Palafrugell, Sant Feliu de Guíxols and Palamós. There are 37 municipalities within the comarca.

### Municipalities

| Municipality | Population(2014) | Areakm$^2$ |
| Albons | 727 | 11.1 |
| Begur | 3,994 | 20.7 |
| Bellcaire d'Empordà | 650 | 12.6 |
| La Bisbal d'Empordà | 10,761 | 20.6 |
| Calonge | 10,541 | 33.6 |
| Castell-Platja d'Aro | 10,721 | 21.8 |
| Colomers | 195 | 4.4 |
| Corçà | 1,257 | 16.3 |
| Cruïlles, Monells i Sant Sadurní de l'Heura | 1,284 | 99.8 |
| Foixà | 320 | 18.8 |
| Fontanilles | 160 | 9.3 |
| Forallac | 1,729 | 50.6 |
| Garrigoles | 159 | 9.4 |
| Gualta | 362 | 9.0 |
| Jafre | 396 | 6.6 |
| Mont-ras | 1,739 | 12.3 |
| Palafrugell | 22,763 | 26.9 |
| Palamós | 17,805 | 14.0 |
| Palau-sator | 305 | 12.4 |
| Pals | 2,533 | 25.8 |
| Parlavà | 410 | 6.2 |
| La Pera | 467 | 11.5 |
| Regencós | 291 | 6.3 |
| Rupià | 246 | 5.3 |
| Sant Feliu de Guíxols | 21,810 | 16.2 |
| Santa Cristina d'Aro | 5,194 | 67.6 |
| Serra de Daró | 211 | 7.9 |
| La Tallada d'Empordà | 454 | 16.6 |
| Torrent | 170 | 8.0 |
| Torroella de Montgrí | 11,381 | 65.9 |
| Ullà | 1,053 | 7.3 |
| Ullastret | 289 | 11.1 |
| Ultramort | 204 | 4.4 |
| Vall-llobrega | 901 | 5.4 |
| Verges | 1,195 | 9.7 |
| Vilopriu | 209 | 16.4 |
| • Total: 36 | 132,886 | 701.8 |
# Alton Milford Young

Alton Milford Young (May 24, 1884 – July 16, 1950) was the Grand or Imperial Kaliff and the Imperial Kludd of the Ku Klux Klan in New Jersey. The Imperial Kludd is the chaplain of the Imperial Klonvokation and he performs "such other duties as may be required by the Imperial Wizard." The Imperial Kaliff is the second highest position after the Imperial Wizard.

## Biography

He was born on May 24, 1884 (or 1882) in Albany, New York. His parents were migrants from Canada. By 1918 he was the minister for the North Baptist Church in Jersey City, New Jersey. He received his Doctor of Divinity degree from Alma White College in 1927. In 1940 he testified before the Dies Committee. Young and Arthur Hornbui Bell were ousted from the Klan following the joint meeting on 18 August 1940 of the Klan and the German-American Bund at the Bund's Camp Nordland, near Andover, New Jersey.
In May 1948, Young converted to Roman Catholicism and began using his baptismal name, Joseph. He died July 16, 1950, at his home in Jersey City, New Jersey, 121 Garrison Avenue, "of a heart ailment".
# Kionga Triangle

The Kionga Triangle (German: Kionga-Dreieck, Portuguese: Triângulo de Quionga) was a small region of German East Africa situated at the mouth of the Ruvuma River. The Ruvuma served as the border between the German colony and Portuguese Mozambique, and the Kionga Triangle was the only section of German East Africa south of the river. Its principal settlement was Kionga (now Quionga [pt]) which had a population of 4,000 in 1910. It became a German possession in 1894 but came under Portuguese control in April 1916 during World War I. The post-war Treaty of Versailles reaffirmed that the river was the border between Tanganyika, then under British control, and Portuguese Mozambique. The triangle was the only territory that the treaty awarded to Portugal.
Today, the former Kionga Triangle forms part of Cabo Delgado Province in Mozambique.
# Plympton, Inc.

Plympton Inc. is a literary studio founded in 2011 by Jennifer 8. Lee and Yael Goldstein Love. Plympton focuses on publishing serialized fiction for digital platforms, and launched its first series in September 2012 as part of the Kindle Serials program announced by Jeff Bezos.
Of those original series, the installments were divided into installments of between 8,000 and 25,000 words, and were distributed digitally via e-book reader. New installments were automatically updated on readers' devices.
At the 2013 TOC Conference, Plympton announced its new partnership with DailyLit, a leading online publisher and distributor of serialized books through short e-mail installments. DailyLit founders Susan Danziger and Albert Wenger became investors and advisors for the newly merged company.
Plympton revamped the DailyLit website in November 2013. It is now working with authors like National Book Award winner Julia Glass and Pulitzer Prize finalist Adam Haslett. Through DailyLit, Plympton also co-created a project called Recovering the Classics, which crowdsourced covers for books in the public domain and continues to sell them through the Harvard Bookstore and the Politics & Prose Bookstore in Washington, D.C.
In March 2014, Plympton launched Rooster, a mobile reading service for iOS7. For $4.99 per month, Rooster distributes notable fiction in short installments corresponding to the average, 15-minute commute. Users can customize how often and at what time their installment will arrive, as well as text size, font style, background color, and amount of content displayed (they can skip to future installments if desired). The app's slogan is "Well-Read in Minutes a Day."
# Toomulla, Queensland

Toomulla is a coastal town and suburb in the City of Townsville, Queensland, Australia. In the 2021 census, the suburb of Toomulla had a population of 193 people.

## Geography

Toomulla is approximately 47 kilometres (29 mi) north-east of Townsville, Queensland, Australia.
Located 2 kilometres (1.2 mi) north of the Bruce Highway, Toomulla is considerably more isolated than that of its surrounding beachside suburbs of Balgal Beach to the north and Toolakea to the south.

## History

The town was named in 1956. The name Toomulla is an Aboriginal word from the Belyando River district meaning throwing stick.

## Demographics

In the 2006 census, the suburb of Toomulla had a population of 141 people.
In the 2016 census, the suburb of Toomulla had a population of 183 people.
In the 2021 census, the suburb of Toomulla had a population of 193 people.

## Education

There are no schools in Toomulla. The nearest government primary school is Rollingstone State School in Rollingstone to the north-west. The nearest government secondary school is Northern Beaches State High School in Deeragun to the south-east.

## Amenities

Toomulla is a popular fishing and birdwatching destination, and its facilities include designated camping areas.
There is a boat ramp in Herald Street providing access to Saltwater Creek (19°05′01″S 146°28′36″E﻿ / ﻿19.0835°S 146.4766°E﻿ / -19.0835; 146.4766﻿ (Toomulla, Herald Street boat ramp)). It is managed by the Townsville City Council.
# Bukov Vrh, Gorenja Vas–Poljane

Bukov Vrh (pronounced; in older sources also Sveta Sobota, German: Sabatberg) is a dispersed settlement above Poljane nad Škofjo Loko in the Municipality of Gorenja Vas–Poljane in the Upper Carniola region of Slovenia.

## History

In 1997, part of the settlement was split off as a separate settlement and named Bukov Vrh nad Visokim.

## Church

The local church is dedicated to Our Lady of Sorrows, locally known as Holy Sabbath Church (Slovene: sveta Sobota). It was originally a Gothic structure but was rebuilt and expanded in 1739.
# Babian

Babian (Persian: بابيان, also Romanized as Bābīān) is a village in Lahrud Rural District, Meshgin-e Sharqi District, Meshgin Shahr County, Ardabil Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 43, in 9 families.
# Beimerstetten

Beimerstetten (German pronunciation:) is a municipality in the district of Alb-Donau in Baden-Württemberg in Germany.
# Griesingen

Greisingen is a municipality in the district of Alb-Donau in Baden-Württemberg in Germany.
# Illerkirchberg

Illerkirchberg is a town in the district of Alb-Donau in Baden-Württemberg in Germany.
Unterkirchberg (Lower Kirchberg) had a Roman castrum built around 40 AD as part of the Upper Germanic-Rhaetian Limes to secure the street along the south shore of the Danube.
Oberkirchberg (Upper Kirchberg) was mentioned in 1087 as seat of the counts of Kirchberg who extinguished in 1519. By then, the county had already been sold to Bavaria and then to Austria. It was finally sold by Emperor Maximilian I. to Jakob Fugger in 1507, together with the adjacent lordships Weißenhorn, Wullenstetten and Pfaffenhofen (Roth), for 50.000 guilders. Schmiechen followed in 1508 and the lordship Biberbach in 1514. The emperor granted him the title of Imperial Count in 1514 so the former burgher could operate his business without interference from local nobility. In the course of his life Jakob Fugger also became lord of more than 50 smaller villages. A new castle was built by the Fugger family in 1767; its architect was Franz Anton Bagnato. The castle remained the seat of the Kirchberg branch of the family. Today it is owned by countess Maria-Elisabeth von Thun und Hohenstein, née countess Fugger zu Kirchberg und Weißenhorn.
The county became again part of Bavaria between 1805 and 1810 when it was sold to the Kingdom of Württemberg. Today it is part of Baden-Württemberg, located on the Bavarian border.
* Kirchberg on the Iller in 1555
* Upper Kirchberg Castle
# Öpfingen

Öpfingen is a municipality in the district of Alb-Donau in Baden-Württemberg in Germany.

## Local council

Since the election in May 2014 the council has 10 members.
# Wittgenstein's rod

Wittgenstein's rod is a problem in geometry discussed by 20th-century philosopher Ludwig Wittgenstein.

## Description

A ray is drawn with its origin A on a circle, through an external point S and a point B is chosen at some constant distance from the starting end of the ray; what figure does B describe when all the initial points on the circle are considered? The answer depends on three parameters: the radius of the circle, the distance from the center to S, and the length of the segment AB. The shape described by B can be seen as a 'figure-eight' which in some cases degenerates to a single lobe looking like an inverted cardioid.
If B remains on the same side of S with respect to the center of the circle, instead of a ray one can consider just a segment or the rod AB.
Wittgenstein sketched a mechanism and wrote:
   While the point A describes a circle, B describes a figure eight. Now we write this down as a proposition of kinematics.
   When I work the mechanism its movement proves the proposition to me; as would a construction on paper.
   The proposition corresponds e.g. to a picture of the mechanism with the paths of the points A and B drawn in. Thus it is in a certain respect a picture of that movement. It holds fast what the proof shows me. Or – what it persuades me of.
This text has been included among the notes selected for publication in Remarks on the Foundations of Mathematics and the editors have dated in the as spring of 1944.

## Related mechanism

Wittgenstein's rod is a generalization of Hoeckens linkage.
# Unterstadion

Unterstadion is a municipality in the district of Alb-Donau in Baden-Württemberg in Germany. It is located about 74 kilometres (46 mi) south of the state capital of Stuttgart
# National Route 322 (Costa Rica)

National Tertiary Route 322, or just Route 322 (Spanish: Ruta Nacional Terciaria 322, or Ruta 322) is a National Road Route of Costa Rica, located in the San José province.

## Description

In San José province the route covers Pérez Zeledón canton (El General, Rivas, Cajón districts).
# Westerheim, Baden-Württemberg
## Location

Westerheim is a municipality in the district of Alb-Donau in Baden-Württemberg in Germany.
It is located at a height of 800 meters on the Swabian Jura, about 30 Kilometers north-west of Ulm.

## History

Its origins stretch back to the Middle Ages. The Dukes of Helfenstein introduced the Reformation between 1555 and 1567, but Westerheim reverted to Catholicism. Today its inhabitants are mainly Roman Catholic, though the surrounding villages are Evangelical.
In 1911-12 Westerheim received electricity.
It was badly damaged in April 1945, when German Army units made a stand there. Before leaving they detonated their explosives which were stored in local barns (Stuttgart State Archives) harv error: no target: CITEREFStuttgart_State_Archives (help).
2011: Celebration for 1150 years of Westerheim.

## Economy

Westerheim is a Luftkurort (“fresh-air health resort”). It is a ski resort in the Winter. There is a large camping area nearby.

## Sight-seeing

* The church of St. Stephen, constructed in 1777/1778, has a barock high altar.
* The "Schertelshöhle" cave is a 212-meter long cave with stalactites. It is illuminated and can be visited daily from May to October.
* The "Steinerne Haus" (house of stone) is a 55-meter long cave with an 8-meter high entrance, located close to the Schertelshöhle. In winter hundreds of large icicles are formed here, which melt in the spring. Part of the cave is closed off in winter, to house hibernating animals.

### Sons and daughters of the city

* Franz Schädle (1906-1945), German SS leader and last commander of the Führerbegleitkommando
# Bussen

The Bussen is a mountain in southern Germany, in the region of Upper Swabia, with an elevation of 767 metres (approximately 2516 ft). It is also known as the Holy Mountain of Upper Swabia. It is situated on the border between the Swabian Alb and Upper Swabia proper. Being one of the most visited places of pilgrimage in Upper Swabia, it also has views as far as the Alps more than 100 kilometres (62 mi) to the south.

## Geography

The Bussen is in the west of the district of Biberach in the state of Baden-Württemberg between Lake Federsee and the town of Riedlingen. It is one of the highest mountains in Upper Swabia. In clear weather conditions, it is possible to see the Münster in Ulm as well as the chain of mountains stretching from Füssen in southern Bavaria to the Säntis in Switzerland. The village of Offingen, part of the municipality of Uttenweiler, is situated on the southern slopes of the Bussen.

## Geology

When the mountain range of the Alps was formed during the tertiary period, the Bussen was part of the folding up process. The mountain is protected from erosion by a layer of limestone, which is up to 8 metres (26 ft) thick. The mountain glaciers of the ice ages were not able to surmount it as a result of which the mountain was not levelled and still exists today.

## History

Due to its exposed location, the Bussen has been visited and revered since prehistoric times. The Celts used the mountain for sacrifices during their fertility rites. A church on top of the mountain was first mentioned in a charter dating from the reign of Charlemagne in 805, when the church was transferred to the monastery of St. Gallen. From this time on, the Bussen has been known as a place of pilgrimage.
During the 13th century, an imperial castle owned by the Hohenstaufen was mentioned. After the fall of the Hohenstaufen dynasty, the castle first passed into the possession of the Counts of Veringen, subsequently falling to the house of Habsburg. In 1387, the mountain was mortgaged to the Truchsess of Waldburg. The military and political function of the Bussen came to an end in 1633, when the castle was destroyed by Swedish troops during the Thirty Years' War.
In 1786, the Waldburg dynasty sold the Lordship Bussen to Karl Anselm, 4th Prince of Thurn and Taxis. Following the Reichsdeputationshauptschluss, the mediatisation and secularisation of numerous secular and ecclesiastical principalities within the former Holy Roman Empire, the Lordship was annexed by the newly formed Kingdom of Württemberg in 1806.

## Pilgrimage church St John the Baptist

A pilgrimage church was first mentioned in 805. The existing church originally was built in 1516 and is dedicated to St John the Baptist. The choir and the spire date from this period. The nave, however, was pulled down and rebuilt in a larger dimension during restoration and renovation works carried out between 1960 and 1963.
Pilgrimages to the church in order to venerate the Virgin Mary, represented by a 16th-century Pietà, have been recorded since 1521. Beginning in the 1950s, the Bussen became the destination of a large pilgrimage procession during Pentecost.
# Mittelbiberach

Mittelbiberach (German pronunciation:) is a village and a municipality in the district of Biberach.
Mittelbiberach is a village between Reute, Stafflangen and Biberach. The river Rotbach flows through the village. Reute, Oberdorf, Findenmösle, Unterreute, and Geradsweiler are parts of Mittelbiberach. In 2020 Mittelbiberach had a population of 4,351.
Mittelbiberach has a number of civic associations, including the "Bürgermilitärcorps Mittelbiberach", the Fanfarenzug MBC, and the Mittelbiberacher Bauerntheater. Such sports as football, gymnastics, karate, table tennis, tennis, and volleyball are also available in the village.
The famous "Maria Geburt Festival", a local festival with many traditions, is visited by many people each year.
One of Mittelbiberach's most popular music groups is "Swing Tonic", with its distinctive smooth Latin, jazz and oldies sound.
# Seekirch

Seekirch (German pronunciation:) is a town in the district of Biberach in Baden-Württemberg in Germany.
# Triptych of the Annunciation

Triptych of the Annunciation is a 1483 triptych by the Flemish artist known only as the Master of the Legend of Saint Ursula, located in the Indianapolis Museum of Art, which is in Indianapolis, Indiana. It depicts the Annunciation on the central panel, while the surrounding panels and the outside of the wings are covered in various pairs of male saints.

## Description

The Master of the Legend of Saint Ursula's mastery of oil painting is evident in this beautifully-preserved triptych. His craftsmanship made him one of the premiere painters in late fifteenth century Bruges.
The central panel of this triptych shows the moment of the Annunciation, as the Archangel Gabriel interrupts Mary's prayers to announce her selection. His vestments link Gabriel to the Mass, and so tie the Annunciation itself to the sacraments. His banner reads Ave Gratia Plena (Hail, full of grace), the first words of his salutation to her. The dove hovering over Mary's head symbolizes the Holy Spirit impregnating her. The bedroom setting is appropriate, since the triptych depicts the moment her marriage to God is consummated. The flowers behind her are traditional symbols for Mary: lilies for her purity and columbine for her sorrow.
The wings of the triptych contain an array of saints in verdant landscapes. The upper left panel has Jerome and Francis; lower left, Bernardino of Siena and Anthony Abbot; upper right, John the Baptist and Benedict; lower right, Michael and Christopher. When not in use, the wings would have been closed to conceal the brilliant interior, leaving visible only grisaille portraits of Paul and Bernard resembling statues.

## Acquisition

The IMA acquired this artwork one particularly hectic week in 1997, when they also purchased major works by Willy Finch and Richard Edward Miller. On December 3, associate curator of pre-1800 paintings and sculptures Ronda Kasl traveled to Sotheby's London branch to bid on the triptych. Relying on stealth, she stayed out of the bidding at first and allowed her competitors to dismiss her as a scholarly observer. She then blindsided them around the $1 million mark, battling it out with a prominent New York art dealer before securing the artwork for $1.25 million. After this triumph, she rode the Tube back to her hotel. The acquisition was funded by the Lilly Endowment and Anonymous Art Fund. As part of the IMA's permanent collection, it has the accession number 1997.138.
# Yeshivat Ma'alot

Yeshivat Ma'alot Ya'akov (Hebrew: ישיבת מעלות יעקב) is a Hesder Yeshiva, founded in 1975 in the town of Maalot following the Ma'alot massacre. The Yeshiva is named after Rabbi Dr. Ya'akov Herzog, son of the late Chief Rabbi of Israel Yitzhak HaLevi Herzog and brother of the late President of Israel Chaim Herzog. The Rosh Yeshiva is Rabbi Yehoshua Weitzman.
There are over 300 students in the yeshiva and kollel. The yeshiva also has a program for overseas students headed by Rabbi Ariel Friedman.
Yeshivat Ma'alot is known for its emphasis on learning Torat Eretz Yisrael according to Rabbi Abraham Isaac Kook’s teachings.
Graduates of the yeshiva have founded four other branches in different locations:
* Acre (hesder) headed by Rabbi Yosef Stern.
* Holon (hesder) headed by Rabbi Elazar Aharonson.
* Ashdod (formerly Neve Dekalim), headed by Rabbi David Gavrieli. The Yeshiva was removed from original location as a result of Israel's unilateral disengagement plan from the Gaza Strip during the summer of 2005.
* Netiv Tefachot, a post high-school yeshiva where students pursue both yeshiva and technological studies headed by Rabbi Avigdor Weitzman and Rabbi Eyal Griner.
# Iterated conditional modes

In statistics, iterated conditional modes is a deterministic algorithm for obtaining a configuration of a local maximum of the joint probability of a Markov random field. It does this by iteratively maximizing the probability of each variable conditioned on the rest.
# Fridingen

Fridingen (German pronunciation: ) is a town in the district of Tuttlingen, in Baden-Württemberg, Germany. It is situated on the Danube, 10 km east of Tuttlingen, and 23 km west of Sigmaringen. A large hoard of Bronze Age jewellery (mostly armlets and bracelets) was discovered in the vicinity of the town in the nineteenth century. It is now part of the British Museum's prehistoric European collection.

## Sons and daughters of the city

* Josef Feger (1920–2010), mayor of Leutkirch im Allgäu
* Josef Hipp (1927–1959), athlete
* Paul Ackermann (born 1939), political scientist
# Kolbingen

Kolbingen is a municipality in the district of Tuttlingen in Baden-Württemberg in Germany. It is situated about 15 km northeast of Tuttlingen and 7 km from Mühlheim an der Donau.

## Demographics

Population development:
| Year | Inhabitants |
| 1990 | 1,113 |
| 2001 | 1,286 |
| 2011 | 1,253 |
| 2021 | 1,240 |

## Farming

To help people to help themselves Württemberg planted alleys of fruit-trees (Dienstbarkeit on private ground near streets). The tree farms from William I of Württemberg, also the Brüdergemeinde delivered for free. The Kolbinger Goldbirne is a local tree.