OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# George Demeter

George Demeter (/dɪˈmiːtər/; 1896–1983) was a Greek American politician, professor of law, and parliamentarian. He was the author of Demeter's Manual of Parliamentary Law and Procedure. The second Wednesday in April has been designated as George Demeter Day in Massachusetts.

## Political involvement

Demeter served in the Massachusetts House of Representatives for two terms in 1932 and 1934 representing the Back Bay district. Demeter was the first Greek-American to serve in the Massachusetts House of Representatives, building on the unsuccessful bid of Greek-American Nicholas G. Veniopoulos Nestor in 1922, who had gained the Republican nomination.

## Greek–American involvement

Demeter became involved with the national Greek-American service organization AHEPA soon after it was founded on July 26, 1922. He was President of the Boston Lodge in 1923. After Supreme President H. N. Wells was voted out of office in March 1924, he assumed the role of Supreme President of AHEPA for three months.
While serving as Supreme President he contributed an editorial to the 1924 convention edition of "The Ahepa" entitled "Why Greek Organizations Fail!" Sometime during this period between 1920 and 1940, Demeter was president of the Annunciation Greek Orthodox Cathedral of New England. At the 27th Supreme Convention in 1949, AHEPA adopted Demeter's Manual of Parliamentary Law and Procedure for its own use. Demeter continued to be active in AHEPA as a Past Supreme President. He participated in at least the 47th Supreme Convention in 1969.
Demeter was involved in the decision to include the Greek traditions of a laurel wreath and bronze medal in the Boston Marathon. He crowned the winner of each race and gave them a medal from Greece for each marathon from 1931 to 1947.

## Academic work

Demeter was a professor of law at both Boston University and Suffolk University. He also instructed new members of the Massachusetts Legislature in legislative procedure.

## Works

* Demeter's Manual of Parliamentary Law and Procedure, 2nd edition, 1949
* Demeter's Manual of Parliamentary Law and Procedure, 3rd revised edition, 1950, Bostonia Press.
* Demeter's Manual of Parliamentary Law and Procedure, Universal edition, 1953, Bostonia Press.
* Demeter's Manual of Parliamentary Law and Procedure, Universal Revised, 1961, Bostonia Press.
* Demeter's Manual of Parliamentary Law and Procedure, Blue Book edition, 1969, Little, Brown and Company.
* How to Master the Rules of Parliamentary Law and Procedure, 1948, Mosher Press.
* Main Motion, 3rd edition, 1943, Bostonia
* Master Parliamentarian, 1948, Bostonia
* Parliamentary Procedure for Boy's State, 1949, Bostonia
* Parliamentary Procedure for Girl's State, 4th edition, 1942, Bostonia
* Ahepa Manual: Official Guide of the Order of Ahepa, Containing Early History and Miscellaneous Fundamentals of the Order, 1926, Boston: Athens Print. Co.
# Bolesław Drobiński

Bolesław Drobiński DFC (23 October 1918 – 26 July 1995) was a Polish fighter ace of the Polish Air Force in World War II with 7 confirmed kills and one shared.

## Biography

Drobiński made his first flight on a glider in 1934. On 2 January 1938 he entered the Polish Air Force Academy in Dęblin. After the Invasion of Poland he was evacuated to France via Romania and Italy, then he came to England.
On 11 September 1940 Drobiński was assigned to the No. 65 Squadron RAF and took part in the Battle of Britain. On 2 March 1941 he was posted to the No. 303 Polish Fighter Squadron. On 15 May 1941 he damaged a Ju 52 which was on the ground. On 21 June 1941 Drobiński heavily damaged the plane flown by German ace Adolf Galland and forced him to a crash-landing. From 18 March 1942 to 9 August 1942 he was an instructor in No. 58 Operational Training Unit at RAF Grangemouth. On 18 October 1943 he was ordered to No. 317 Polish Fighter Squadron. On 3 April 1944 he began to work in the Ministry of Defence. On 26 September 1944 he took command of No.303 Polish Fighter Squadron.
Drobiński was demobilized in 1948. He worked in the oil industry in America. In 1950's he settled in a village in Surrey. In 1960 he obtained British citizenship. In 1969 he acted as a technical advisor for the Battle of Britain, where he reunited with Galland, who was also a technical advisor for the movie. In 1943 he married a South African woman, they had two sons and a daughter.

## Aerial victory credits

* 18 June 1941 – 2 Bf 109
* 21 June 1941 – Bf 109
* 22 June 1941 – Bf 109
* 25 June 1941 – Bf 109
* 3 July 1941 – Bf 109
* 6 July 1941 – 1/3 Bf 109 (probably destroyed)
* 7 July 1941 – 1/2
* 24 July 1941 – Bf 109 (probably destroyed)
* 24 October 1941 – Bf 109 (probably destroyed)
* 13 March 1942 – Bf 109

## Awards

Virtuti Militari, Silver Cross
Cross of Valour (Poland), three times Distinguished Flying Cross (United Kingdom)
# Bonny Bee Hom

Bonny Bee Hom (Roud 3885, Child 92) is an English-language folk song.

## Synopsis

A lady laments that her love had left her. He, still there, comes to comfort her but tells her that he is sworn to leave. She gives him a ring: while he wears it, he will shed no blood, but if he sees the stone fade, he will know she is dead. He is departed for "twelve month and a day" before the stone fades. He gives all his goods as alms to his hometown, and dies, uniting with the lady's soul in heaven.

## Motifs

The magic ring is found also in the ballad "Hind Horn".
# Brezhnevo, Kursk Oblast

Brezhnevo (Russian: Брежнево) is a rural locality (Russian: деревня, lit. 'village') in Brezhnevsky Selsoviet Rural Settlement, Kursky District, Kursk Oblast, Russia. Population: 48 (2010 Census); 51 (2002 Census);

## Geography

The village is located on the Malaya Kuritsa River (a right tributary of the Bolshaya Kuritsa River in the Seym River basin), 88 km from the Russia–Ukraine border, 19 km north-west of Kursk, 7 km from the selsoviet center – Verkhnekasinovo.

### Climate

Brezhnevo has a warm-summer humid continental climate (Dfb in the Köppen climate classification).

## Transport

Brezhnevo is located 8.5 km from the federal route M-2 Crimea Highway (a part of the European route E105), 0.3 km from the road of intermunicipal significance 38H-182 ("Crimea Highway" – Verkhnyaya Medveditsa – Razinkovo), 20.5 km from the nearest railway station Kursk (railway lines: Oryol – Kursk, Kursk – 146 km and Lgov-I – Kursk).
The rural locality is situated 24 km from Kursk Vostochny Airport, 137 km from Belgorod International Airport and 226 km from Voronezh Peter the Great Airport.
# Incel (company)

Incel (Serbian Cyrillic: Инцел) was a company based in Banja Luka, Bosnia and Herzegovina, originally manufacturing cellulose, viscose and paper products. Established in 1954, it was a major industrial conglomerate in the field during the Socialist Era, employing up to 6,500 workers. Following a period of decline in the 1980s and the Bosnian War in the 1990s, the factory shut down, and was subsequently split into several smaller enterprises. Parts of the original Incel industrial zone, largely decrepit, now serve as a business zone rented to small companies. The 150-meters-tall chimney of its former coal-powered plant is one of the tallest structures in Bosnia and Herzegovina.

## History

Cellulose-producing industry in Banja Luka was established in 1954, and first production plants were built between 1955 and 1957. The factory was expanding, and between 1970 and 1981 multiple new production lines were built, as part of the industrial conglomerate (SOUR) "Incel". At its peak, it employed 6,500 workers. The conglomerate included units "Celuloza", "Viskoza", "Elektroliza", "Energetika", "Industrijske plantaže" and several smaller ones, achieving total exports of over 100 million dollars. Incel had joint ventures with Šipad, Krivaja and other major Bosnian companies.
During its early chronology it ordered a polyester filament plant, and subsequently ordered a polyester fibre plant from Uhde.
The Bosnian War marked the demise of the factory, and one plant after another ceased production due to loss of market and working capital. After the war, there have been several attempts to restart the business, but the basic production has never been renewed. Through the process of restructuring and privatization, Incel was split into 10 companies, and never recovered. The tissue paper brand Celex remains the only successful section of the former complex, as it was sold to a Slovakia-based group, and is still available on the markets of former Yugoslavia. The industrial zone was turned into a "business zone" and was opened to leasing, with about 60 small companies using the space, mostly as warehouses, employing around 1,500 workers.
The area is largely decrepit and described as the "Banja Luka's Fukushima" by some. In 2019 the United Nations Development Programme inquired on management for the contaminated sites of the facility. After soil remediation expert Boudewijn Fokke from the dutch company TAUW conducted a field study with soil samples, the research suggested issues were manageable and not to raise alarm over.
# Radek Havel (swimmer)

Radek Havel (born 25 February 1961) is a Czech swimmer. He competed in three events at the 1980 Summer Olympics.
# Novomykolaivka, Dnipropetrovsk Oblast

Novomykolaivka (Ukrainian: Новомиколаївка; Russian: Новониколаевка) is a rural settlement in Kamianske Raion of Dnipropetrovsk Oblast in Ukraine. The settlement is located west of the city of Kamianske and south of the Kamianske Reservoir. It belongs to Verkhnodniprovsk urban hromada, one of the hromadas of Ukraine. Population: 3,830 (2022 estimate).

## History

During World War II this village was under German occupation from 1941 to 1943.
It acquired the status of an urban-type settlement in 1966. A poultry farm was here.
In 1985 a new department store was built here.
In January 1989 the population was 4142 people.
In January 2013 the population was 4187 people.
Until 18 July 2020, Novomykolaivka belonged to Verkhnodniprovsk Raion. The raion was abolished in July 2020 as part of the administrative reform of Ukraine, which reduced the number of raions of Dnipropetrovsk Oblast to seven. The area of Verkhnodniprovsk Raion was merged into Kamianske Raion.
Until 26 January 2024, Novomykolaivka was designated urban-type settlement. On this day, a new law entered into force which abolished this status, and Novomykolaivka became a rural settlement.

## Economy
### Transportation

Verkhnodniprovsk railway station is located in Novomykolaivka. It is on the railway connecting Kamianske and Kryvyi Rih.
Novomykolaivka is on Highway H08 which connects Kamianske and Kremenchuk. Another paved road runs to Verkhivtseve.
# Keshabad-e Olya

Keshabad-e Olya (Persian: كش ابادعليا, also Romanized as Keshābād-e ‘Olyā) is a village in Eqbal-e Gharbi Rural District, in the Central District of Qazvin County, Qazvin Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 66, in 25 families.
# Yermolino, Perm Krai

Yermolino (Russian: Ермолино) is a rural locality (a village) in Pereborskoye Rural Settlement, Beryozovsky District, Perm Krai, Russia. The population was 7 as of 2010.

## Geography

Yermolino is located on the Shakva River, 23 km north of Beryozovka (the district's administrative centre) by road. Bereznik is the nearest rural locality.
# Tannheim, Biberach

Tannheim (German pronunciation:) is a municipality in the district of Biberach, Baden-Württemberg, Germany.

## Geography

It is located in upper Swabia at the river Iller which forms the border to Bavaria.

## Sights

* Church of St. Martin, built 1700–1702

## Entertainment and culture

Tannheim was the home of the annual Tannkosh airshow from 1993 to 2013.

## Notable citizens

* Norbert Kiechle (1885–1966), former Landrat
* Richard Ferdinand Maximilian Ignatius Joseph Valentin Hubertus Maria Graf von Schaesberg-Tannheim (1884–1953), nobleman and businessman, winner of an Olympic silver medal (1912);
* Josef Dreier (born 1931), politician, former Secretary of State, Baden-Württemberg
* Matthias Dolderer (born 1970), German pilot and Red Bull Air Race Champion (2016)
* Ralph Brunner (born 1971), recipient of Paralympic medals, 2000
# Novokaramyshevo

Novokaramyshevo (Russian: Новокарамышево; Bashkir: Яңы Ҡарамыш, Yañı Qaramış) is a rural locality (a village) in Belsky Selsoviet, Gafuriysky District, Bashkortostan, Russia. The population was 81 as of 2010. There are 3 streets.

## Geography

Novokaramyshevo is located 24 km southwest of Krasnousolsky (the district's administrative centre) by road. Kutluguza is the nearest rural locality.
# Thiviers

Thiviers (French pronunciation:; Occitan: Tivier) is a commune in the Dordogne department in Nouvelle-Aquitaine in southwestern France.

## Personalities

It is notable as being the town in which Jean-Paul Sartre lived as a child. Painter Pierre Bouillon was born there.

## Geography

The Côle forms part of the commune's northwestern border. Thiviers station has rail connections to Bordeaux, Périgueux and Limoges.
# Manuel R. Torres

Manuel R. Torres is a Spanish researcher known for his work on political violence, jihadist terrorism, and cyber security.

## Education

Torres has a degree in Political Science and Sociology from the University of Granada. In 2007, he presented his PhD thesis focused on Jihadist terrorism, when there was still high tension after 9/11.

## Works

He has participated in numerous national and international research works. He has written several books, and has numerous publications in magazines and chapter collaborations with other books.
In his book Disinformation, the effect of disinformation on different policy areas is analysed.
Torres is a lecturer in the Department of Political Science and Administration at the Universidad Pablo de Olavide in Seville, and also directs several masters and specialisations.
He is a member of the European Counter-Terrorism Centre (Europol) and sits on the academic board of several organisations in the security field.

## Publications

* El Eco del Terror. Ideología y propaganda en el terrorismo yihadista. Plaza y Valdés, Madrid, 2009. ISBN 978-8492751051
* Al Andalus 2.0. La ciber-yihad contra España. Biblioteca GESI, Granada, 2014.ISBN 978-8461679911
* Desinformación. Poder y Manipulación en la Era Digital. Comares, Granada, 2019. ISBN 978-8490458853

## Awards

* Primer Premio Nacional de Fin de Carrera en Ciencia Política (2002).
* Award "Francisco Moreno" de la Armada Española (2005)
* Award Defensa de Investigación (2008)
* Award Research Real Maestranza de Caballería de Sevilla – Universidad Pablo de Olavide (2010)
* Bronze Medal to police merit with blue badge for the cuerpo de Mossos d'Esquadra-Policia de la Generalitat (2015)
* Distinction by the Institute for Strategic Research of Armada de México (2018)
# Athletics at the 2022 Commonwealth Games – Men's 100 metres (T47)

The men's 100 metres (T47) at the 2022 Commonwealth Games, as part of the athletics programme, took place in the Alexander Stadium on 2 August 2022.

## Records

Prior to this competition, the existing world and Games records were as follows:
Records T45 :
| World record | Yohansson Nascimento (BRA) | 10.94 | London, United Kingdom | 6 September 2012 |
| Records T46 / T47 |||||
| World record | Petrúcio Ferreira (BRA) | 10.29 | São Paulo, Brazil | 31 March 2022 |

## Schedule

The schedule was as follows:
| Date | Time | Round |
| Tuesday 2 August 2022 | 19:40 | First round |
| Tuesday 2 August 2022 | 21:44 | Final |
All times are British Summer Time (UTC+1)

## Results
### First round

First 3 in each heat (Q) and the next 2 fastest (q) advance to the Final
Wind: Heat 1: -0.6 m/s, Heat 2: -0.9 m/s
| Rank | Heat | Lane | Name | Sport class | Result | Notes |
| 1 | 1 | 4 | Jaydon Page (AUS) | T47 | 11.17 | Q |
| 2 | 2 | 6 | Emmanuel Oyinbo-Coker (ENG) | T47 | 11.19 | Q |
| 3 | 2 | 7 | Ola Abidogun (ENG) | T47 | 11.31 | Q |
| 4 | 2 | 4 | Suwaibidu Galadima (NGR) | T47 | 11.45 | Q, PB |
| 5 | 1 | 3 | James Arnott (ENG) | T46 | 11.50 | Q, SB |
| 6 | 1 | 6 | Bradley Murere (NAM) | T46 | 11.57 (.566) | Q |
| 7 | 1 | 7 | Shane Hudson (JAM) | T47 | 11.57 (.568) | q, PB |
| 8 | 2 | 5 | Jonathan Ferguson (JAM) | T47 | 11.67 | q |
| 9 | 2 | 3 | Anthony Jordan (AUS) | T47 | 11.85 | |
| 10 | 1 | 5 | Thomas Normandeau (CAN) | T47 | 11.87 | |

### Final

The medals were determined in the final.
Wind: +0.5m/s
| Rank | Lane | Name | Sport class | Result | Notes |
| | 3 | Emmanuel Oyinbo-Coker (ENG) | T47 | 10.94 | GR, PB |
| | 6 | Jaydon Page (AUS) | T47 | 11.10 | |
| | 5 | Ola Abidogun (ENG) | T47 | 11.13 | SB |
| 4 | 4 | James Arnott (ENG) | T46 | 11.45 | SB |
| 5 | 8 | Bradley Murere (NAM) | T46 | 11.62 | |
| 6 | 2 | Shane Hudson (JAM) | T47 | 11.72 | |
| 7 | 1 | Jonathan Ferguson (JAM) | T47 | 11.73 | |
| | 7 | Suwaibidu Galadima (NGR) | T47 | DQ | WPA 17.8 |
# Putyla

Putyla (Ukrainian: Путила; Romanian: Putila), formerly Storonets-Putyliv (Ukrainian: Сторонець-Путилів), is a rural settlement in Vyzhnytsia Raion, Chernivtsi Oblast, western Ukraine. It hosts the administration of Putyla settlement hromada, one of the hromadas of Ukraine. At the 2001 census, the town's population was 3,265. Current population: 3,374 (2022 estimate).

## History

The town of Putyla was first mentioned in 1501 along with other local settlements, which the Polish Crown gave to Ioan Tăutu for settling the peace between Poland and Principality of Moldavia. In 1817, the local villagers complained to Austrian Emperor Francis II that they had their taxes increased the past 10 years. In 1843, the villagers were informed that they could no longer use and cultivate the nearby forest, after which an uprising occurred, resulting in the imprisonment of 14 local leaders.
Until 18 July 2020, Putyla served as an administrative center of Putyla Raion. The raion was abolished in July 2020 as part of the administrative reform of Ukraine, which reduced the number of raions of Chernivtsi Oblast to three. The area of Putyla Raion was merged into Vyzhnytsia Raion.
Until 26 January 2024, Putyla was designated urban-type settlement. On this day, a new law entered into force which abolished this status, and Putyla became a rural settlement.
# Citronellol

Citronellol, or dihydrogeraniol, is a natural acyclic monoterpenoid. Both enantiomers occur in nature. (+)-Citronellol, which is found in citronella oils, including Cymbopogon nardus (50%), is the more common isomer. (−)-Citronellol is widespread, but particularly abundant in the oils of rose (18–55%) and Pelargonium geraniums.

## Preparation

Several million kilograms of citronellol are produced annually. It is mainly obtained by partial hydrogenation of geraniol or nerol over copper chromite catalyst. Hydrogenation of both C=C bonds using a nickel catalyst gives tetrahydrogeraniol, yet another commercial fragrance.
Homogeneous catalysts have been investigated for the production of enantiomers.

## Uses

Citronellol is used in perfumes and as a fragrance in cleaning products. In many applications, one of the enantiomers is preferred. It is a component of citronella oil, an insect repellant.
Citronellol is used as a raw material for the production of rose oxide. It is also a precursor to many commercial and potential fragrances such as citronellol acetate, citronellyl oxyacetaldehyde, citronellyl methyl acetal, and ethyl citronellyl oxalate.

## Health and safety

The United States FDA considers citronellol as generally recognized as safe (GRAS) for food use. Citronellol is subject to restrictions on its use in perfumery, as some people may become sensitised to it, but the degree to which citronellol can cause an allergic reaction in humans is disputed.
In terms of dermal safety, citronellol has been evaluated as an insect repellent.
# Dunaivtsi, Novodunaivtsi settlement hromada, Kamianets-Podilskyi Raion, Khmelnytskyi Oblast

Dunaivtsi (Ukrainian: Дунаївці) is a rural settlement in Kamianets-Podilskyi Raion (district), Khmelnytskyi Oblast (province), Ukraine. Dunaivtsi hosts the administration of Novodunaivtsi settlement hromada, one of the hromadas of Ukraine. According to the 2001 census, its population was 2 755 inhabitants. Current population: 2,297 (2022 estimate).

## History

Until 18 July 2020, Dunaivtsi belonged to Dunaivtsi Raion. The raion was abolished in July 2020 as part of the administrative reform of Ukraine, which reduced the number of raions of Khmelnytskyi Oblast to three. The area of Dunaivtsi Raion was merged into Kamianets-Podilskyi Raion.
Until 26 January 2024, Dunaivtsi was designated urban-type settlement. On this day, a new law entered into force which abolished this status, and Dunaivtsi became a rural settlement.

## Transportation

A railway station of the Yarmolyntsi—Larga railroad is located in the town. Founded in 1914, Dunaivtsi received the status of the urban-type settlement in 1972.
Dunaivtsi is 22 km from the city of Dunaivtsi.
# Al-Shara'i

Al-Shara'i (Arabic: الشراعي) is a sub-district located in Jiblah District, Ibb Governorate, Yemen. Al-Shara'i had a population of 7,616 according to the 2004 census.
# Kornyn, Zhytomyr Oblast

Kornyn (Ukrainian: Корнин, Russian: Ко́рнин, Polish: Kornyn) is a rural settlement in Zhytomyr Raion, Zhytomyr Oblast, Ukraine. Population: 1,903 (2022 estimate)

## History

The settlement has been known since 1550 and was originally a fortified point of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. After the Union of Lublin in 1569 it became a part of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth.
Since 1797, the village of Kornyn was the center of the Kornynsky volost of the Skvirsky Uyezd of the Kiev Governorate. As of 1895, there were 136 courtyards with 987 inhabitants, a sugar factory, a school, two retail shops, an Orthodox Resurrection Church and a Jewish house of prayer.
During the revolution of 1905-1907, in the summer of 1905, a strike of agricultural workers took place in Kornyn.
After the outbreak of the civil war in January 1918, Soviet rule was established here, but at the end of February 1918, Kornyn was occupied by German troops, who remained here until November 1918. In June 1918, an underground communist group emerged in the settlement.
During the Soviet-Polish war on April 30, 1920, Kornyn was captured by Polish troops, but on June 11, 1920, they were knocked out by advancing units of the 1st Cavalry Army of the Red Army. After the end of hostilities, the restoration of the economy began, in 1921 the sugar factory resumed its work.
In March 1923, Kornyn became the center of the Kornynsky district.
In 1929, as a result of the unification of 56 peasant farms, an agricultural artel was created here, on the basis of which two collective farms and machine-tractor station were created in 1930.
In 1932, illiteracy was eliminated here. In 1937, the Kornynsky quarry started to work.
In 1938, Kornyn became an urban-type settlement: a secondary school, a seven-year school, a district House of Culture and two libraries were built here.
During the Great Patriotic War, on July 14, 1941, the village was occupied by German troops. Under the conditions of occupation on October 21, 1941, a Soviet underground organization emerged here. On December 25, 1943, during the Zhytomyr-Berdichesky offensive operation, Kornyn was liberated by Soviet troops of the 1st Ukrainian Front of the Red Army. The restoration of the village began.
On November 28, 1957, Kornynsky district was incorporated into Popelnyansky district of Zhytomyr oblast.
Until 26 January 2024, Kornyn was designated urban-type settlement. On this day, a new law entered into force which abolished this status, and Kornyn became a rural settlement.

## Population

In January 1989, the population was 2,930.
In 2001, population was 2,708.
As of January 1, 2013, the population was 2,339.