OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Acquapendente

Acquapendente is a city and comune in the province of Viterbo, in Lazio (Italy). Acquapendente is a centre for the agricultural production of vegetables and wine, and has a tradition of pottery craftsmanship. Its frazione of Torre Alfina is one of I Borghi più belli d'Italia ("The most beautiful villages of Italy").

## History

The area of modern Acquapendente was settled by Etruscans in Roman times, as archaeological finds have shown. However, the first historical document of the modern city dates from the 9th century AD, with a town named Farisa or Arisa along the Via Francigena. A document from Emperor Otto I, dated 964, contains the first recorded use of the name Acquapendentem which means "hanging water", from several small waterfalls in the Paglia river on the boundary between Lazio and Tuscany.
Acquapendente was the first stop in Italy in the travels of Saint Roch in the early 14th century; the saint supposedly spent several days in the hospital there curing plague victims.
The city was later part of the March of Tuscany and, from the end of the 14th century and beginning of the 15th, it was part of the commune (later Republic) of Siena. In 1449 it became an independent centre within the Papal States.
After the complete destruction of Castro, Lazio in 1649, Acquapendente, previously part of the diocese of Orvieto, became the seat of a diocese that included what had been the diocese of Castro. The diocese of Acquapendente continued in existence until 27 March 1986, when its territory was added to that of Viterbo. No longer a residential bishopric, Aquipendium, as it is called in Latin, is today listed by the Catholic Church as a titular see.

## Geography

Located in the north of the Lazio, near the borders with Tuscany and Umbria, the municipality of Acquapendente borders with Allerona (TR), Castel Giorgio (TR), Castel Viscardo (TR), Grotte di Castro, Onano, Proceno, San Lorenzo Nuovo, San Casciano dei Bagni (SI) and Sorano (GR).

## Main sights

* Acquapendente Cathedral (1149)
* The Watch Tower, remains of the Imperial Castle
* The church of St. Augustine (16th century)
* The church of St. Francis
* The castle of the frazione Torre Alfina, whose central tower (Italian: cassero) was built by the Lombard king Desiderius. The castle was captured by the Neapolitan condottiero Fabrizio Maramaldo during the 1527 Siege of Rome, but the defenders gallantly retained the Cassero.
* The castle of the frazione Trevinano known from the 12th century.
* The Monte Rufeno Natural Reserve, 2 kilometres (1.2 mi) north of the city, at an elevation of 748 metres (2,454 ft). It has spectacular woods housing wildlife including, among others, wild boars, Eurasian eagle-owls, turtles and beech martens.
* A POW camp from World War II

## Personalities

* Hieronymus Fabricius (1537–1619), anatomist and surgeon
# Sarcheshmeh

Sarcheshmeh (سرچشمه) or Sarcheshmeh Copper Complex (Persian: كارخانجات مجتمع مس سرچشمه – Kārkhāneh-ye Mojtame‘-e Mes-e Sar Cheshmeh) is a large open cast copper mine in the Kerman Province of Iran, considered to be the second largest copper deposit worldwide. Also containing substantial amounts of molybdenum, gold and other rare metals. It is also a settlement, enumerated at Iranian census.
The Sarcheshmeh Copper Complex is located 65 km southwest of Kerman and 50 km south of Rafsanjan. The region's altitude averages about 2600m, the highest spot of which approximates 3000m. Sarcheshmeh ore bodies, situated in the central part of Zagros ranges, consist of folded and faulted early tertiary volcano-sedimentary rocks.
Sar Cheshmeh mine was managed by the Anaconda Group until the 1979 revolution in Iran. Design and construction of the processing plant was done by Parsons-Jurden of the US.
Production units of Sarcheshmeh Copper Complex involve the mine itself, concentrator, smelter, refinery, foundries and leaching.
Administratively, the settlement is in the Sarcheshmeh Rural District, in the Central District of Rafsanjan County, Kerman Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 53, in 14 families.
# Deh Chenar-e Olya

Deh Chenar-e Olya (Persian: ده چنارعليا, also Romanized as Deh Chenār-e ‘Olyā and Deh Chenār ‘Olyā; also known as Deh Chenār-e Bālā, Deh-e Chenār, Deh-i-Chenār, and Shahrū’ī-ye Bālā) is a village in Khanmirza Rural District, Khanmirza District, Lordegan County, Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 54, in 11 families. The village is populated by Lurs.
# Robert Huber (sport shooter)

Robert Waldemar Huber (30 March 1878 – 25 November 1946) was a Finnish sport shooter, who competed in the 1912 and the 1924 Summer Olympics.

## Shooting

Robert Huber at the Olympic Games :
| Games | Event | Rank |
| 1908 Summer Olympics | Trap | Did not start |
| 1912 Summer Olympics | Trap | 30th |
| 1912 Summer Olympics | Trap, team | 5th |
| 1924 Summer Olympics | Team clay pigeons | 3rd |
He won silver at the 1929 ISSF World Shooting Championships in the trap team event.
He won five Finnish national championship golds in shotgun events in 1927–1933.

## Other

Konrad Huber, who won bronze in the same shotgun team in 1924, was his brother. He was a member of the City Council of Helsinki in 1916–1918.
# Cherno Sowe

Cherno Sowe (born 23 November 1978) is a Gambian sprinter. He competed in the men's 4 × 100 metres relay at the 1996 Summer Olympics.
# Alphonce Swai

Alphonce Swai (born 1962) is a Tanzanian long-distance runner. He competed in the men's 5000 metres at the 1984 Summer Olympics.
# Dossou Vignissy

Dossou Vignissy (born 15 June 1954) is a Beninese sprinter. He competed in the men's 4 × 100 metres relay at the 1988 Summer Olympics.
# Mian Qaleh, Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari

Mian Qaleh (Persian: ميان قلعه, also Romanized as Mīān Qal‘eh) is a village in Sardasht Rural District, in the Central District of Lordegan County, Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 22, in 4 families.
# NK Naklo

Nogometni klub Naklo (English: Naklo Football Club), commonly referred to as NK Naklo or simply Naklo, is a Slovenian football club from Naklo. The club played a total of four seasons in the Slovenian PrvaLiga, the country's highest division, in the 1990s, before folding in 2010 after failing to obtain competition licences issued by the Football Association of Slovenia. It was refounded in the same year.

## Name changes

Club names through history:
* Športni klub Slovan (1936–1946)
* Fizkulturno društvo Naklo (1946–1952)
* TVD Partizan Naklo (1952–1990)
* NK Živila Naklo (1990–1995)
* NK Naklo (1995–present)

## Honours

* Upper Carniolan League (fourth tier)
       Winners: 2009–10
# Charles Taylor (cricketer, born 1816)

Charles George Taylor (21 November 1816 – 10 September 1869) was an English cricketer in the mid-19th century who played, as an amateur, mainly for Sussex and Marylebone Cricket Club (MCC), having begun his career at Cambridge University.
Taylor was educated at Eton and Emmanuel College, Cambridge. He was a good all-rounder who batted right-handed and bowled right-arm slow, roundarm style. He was the first captain of Sussex, appointed when the club was founded in 1839 and holding the post until 1846.
Taylor made his known debut in the 1836 season and had 125 known appearances in major matches to the 1859 season. He scored 3088 runs with an average of 14.29 and a highest innings of 114, which was one of two centuries he achieved. He took 69 catches and 287 wickets with a best tally of eight in one innings. He is known to have taken 10 wickets in a match on six occasions.
# Khvorlul

Khvorlul (Persian: خورلول, also Romanized as Khvorlūl) is a village in Isin Rural District, in the Central District of Bandar Abbas County, Hormozgan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 509, in 104 families.
# Blasphemy Act 1661

The Blasphemy Act 1661 (c. 216) was an act of the Parliament of Scotland.
The act enshrined the blasphemy offence into statute. It legislated that anyone who should rail upon and curse God or the Trinity, even if 'distracted', should be punished. The punishment was the death penalty.
The Act against Blasphemy 1695 further clarified the offence and blasphemy was later abolished in 1813 under the Doctrine of the Trinity Act 1813.
# Ziarat-e Pakuh

Ziarat-e Pakuh (Persian: زيارت پاكوه, also Romanized as Zīārat-e Pākūh; also known as Zīyārat-e Pākūh) is a village in Siyahu Rural District, Fin District, Bandar Abbas County, Hormozgan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 41, in 10 families.
# Gulshanabad, Rawalpindi

Gulshanabad, (Urdu: گلشن آباد) officially the Abad Cooperative Housing Society (ACHS), is a neighborhood of Rawalpindi, (Punjab, Pakistan) established around Soan River.
The suburb is situated on Adyala Road of Rawalpindi, Adyala Road leads to the infamous Adyala Jail. The colony was settled in 1984 and contains 5 sectors and has a central market along with a central green area park and a Central Mosque (Jamia Masjid).
# Lysva

Lysva (Russian: Лысьва) is a town in Perm Krai, Russia, located in the eastern part of the krai on the river Lysva, 86 kilometers (53 mi) from Perm. Population: 65,918 (2010 Census); 71,148 (2002 Census); 76,614 (1989 Soviet census).

## History

Lysva as a settlement was known in the middle of the 17th century. The lands around Lysva in the second half of the 18th century were inherited by the daughter of Baron Stroganov, Princess Shakhovskaya. In 1785 construction of the cast-iron foundry began. This year is officially considered the year of Lysva foundation. In 1902 owing to construction of the railway branch the plant, which had been producing iron from the imported pig-iron by that time, obtained a wide access to the country markets.
On the 5th of April, 1926 Presidium of All-Russian Central Executive Committee had granted Lysva city status. After Great Patriotic War in Lysva began development of mechanical engineering, light industry. In the 1950th centre of the city was built up. In 1960–1980, the city extended its borders by building of new dwelling microdistricts.
Today Lysva is one of the most important industrial and cultural centres of the Perm Krai.

## Administrative and municipal status

Within the framework of administrative divisions, it is, together with fifty-nine rural localities, incorporated as the town of krai significance of Lysva—an administrative unit with the status equal to that of the districts. As a municipal division, the town of krai significance of Lysva is incorporated as Lysvensky Urban Okrug.

## Economy

The town's major industries are machine building and metalworking. Products manufactured by the town's workers include sheet iron, oil extraction equipment, and electric motors.

### Transportation

There are non-electrified railway lines running through town to connect Lysva with Kalino station on the Gornozavodsk railway line.
# Finishing School (1953 film)

Finishing School (Italian: Fanciulle di lusso) is a 1953 French-Italian comedy film directed by Bernard Vorhaus and starring Susan Stephen, Anna Maria Ferrero and Jacques Sernas. It was made at Cinecittà with sets designed by the art director Franco Lolli. It is also known by the alternative title of Luxury Girls.

## Plot

After finishing her studies, an American, Susan Miller, spends a vacation period in Rome with her parents. His father, a wealthy man who led a dissipated life, sent him to complete his worldly education at the famous college of Mont-Fleuri, Switzerland.

## Cast

* Susan Stephen as Lorna Whitmore
* Anna Maria Ferrero as Valerie De Beranger
* Jacques Sernas as Jean-Jacques
* Steve Barclay as George Whitmore
* Marina Vlady as Eljay
* Brunella Bovo as Jeannie Gordon
* Rossana Podestà as Pereira
* Elisa Cegani as Madame Charpentier
* Claudio Gora as Professor Charpentier
* Estelle Brody as Mrs. Whitmore
* Lawrence Ward as Greg Wilson
* Paola Mori as Beejay
* Roberto Risso as Steve
* Eva Vanicek as Statistician
* Vera Palumbo as Knitter
* Anna Casini as Albino
* Colette Laurent as Boopie
* Bianca Manenti as Maid
* Charles Rutherford as Jean-Jacques' friend
* Mary Alcaide as Ballet Mistress
* Liana Del Balzo as Princess De Vick-Beranger
* Franco Lodi as Riding Instructor
* Leopoldo Savona as Boyfriend of Val
* Luisella Boni
* Giovanna Pala
* Roberta Primavera
# August Gremli

August Gremli (15 March 1833 – 30 March 1899) was a Swiss physician and botanist born in Kreuzlingen.
He studied medicine in Berlin and Munich, and afterwards, trained as a pharmacist in Karlsruhe. From 1876, he worked as a curator in the herbarium of botanist Émile Burnat (1828–1920) in Nant, located near the town of Vevey. He died in Kreuzlingen on March 30, 1899.
Gremli published several works on Swiss flora, including Excursionsflora für die Schweiz (1867), a book that was later translated into English. In addition, he collaborated with Burnat on a number of essays involving flora from the Maritime Alps.

## Selected publications

* Excursionsflora für die Schweiz, 1867 (5th edition translated into English by Leonard W. Paitson as "The Flora of Switzerland" 1888)
* Beiträge zur Flora der Schweiz (Contributions to the Flora of Switzerland), 1870
* Neue Beiträge zur Flora der Schweiz (New Contributions to the Flora of Switzerland), 1880-1890
# Jateh

Jateh (Persian: جاته, also Romanized as Jāteh) is a village in Qeblehi Rural District, in the Central District of Dezful County, Khuzestan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 1,227, in 250 families.
# Mazavi

Mazavi (Persian: مازاوئ, also Romanized as Māzāvī) is a village in Senderk Rural District, Senderk District, Minab County, Hormozgan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 374, in 68 families.
# Hiroto Kōmoto

Hiroto Kōmoto (甲本 ヒロト, Kōmoto Hiroto, born 17 March 1963) is a Japanese rock singer who has fronted bands such as The Blue Hearts, The High-Lows and The Cro-Magnons.

## Early life

Kōmoto was born in 1963 in Okayama, Okayama Prefecture and graduated from the junior high school attached to the School of Education at Okayama University before graduating from the prefectural Sōzan High School. He attended Hosei University after high school, but dropped out before completing his degree.

## Career

In 1985, Kōmoto joined with Masatoshi Mashima to form The Blue Hearts and released their first single (Hito ni Yasashiku) and their major debut (Linda Linda) in 1987. After The Blue Hearts took a break from studio work and touring in 1994, Kōmoto started working on a solo album which was never released.
In 1995, Kōmoto and Mashima joined to form Happy Song Co., Ltd. When the band officially broke up on June 1 of that year, they also formed a new band, The High-Lows. The new band released its first single (Missile Man) and a self-titled album on October 25. A couple of years later, Kōmoto and Mashima finished building their own studio, Atomic Boogie Studio. The High-Lows eventually broke up in 2005.
Kōmoto continued solo studio work in 2006 and released two singles on July 5, Manatsu no Sutoreeto and Tengoku Umare. He played all of the instruments for the song, including guitar, bass, and drums. He again joined with Mashima later in the year and performed at a rock festival on July 23, marking the official beginning of The Cro-Magnons. They released their debut single, Tallyho, on September 20.

## Personal life

The official kanji for his name are 甲本 浩人, but katakana is used when writing his name in official publications.
He has a younger brother, Masahiro Kōmoto, an actor.
# Dafni, Kozani

Dafni (Greek: Δάφνη, before 1927: Δράμιστα – Dramista, between 1927 and 1930: Μακρυπλαγιά – Makryplagia), part of the municipal unit of Tsotyli, is a small town located in the far west of the Kozani regional unit, itself in the Greek region of Macedonia.
# Kamień Mały, Masovian Voivodeship

Kamień Mały (Polish pronunciation:) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Wieniawa, within Przysucha County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately 4 kilometres (2 mi) west of Wieniawa, 10 km (6 mi) east of Przysucha, and 95 km (59 mi) south of Warsaw.
# Tetramethylpyrazine

Tetramethylpyrazine, also known as ligustrazine, is a chemical compound found in nattō and in fermented cocoa beans. In an observational study, tetramethylpyrazine was the dominant volatile organic compound in one sourdough starter. When purified, tetramethylpyrazine is a colorless solid. It is classified as an alkylpyrazine. Its biosynthesis involves amination of acetoin, the latter derived from pyruvate. It exhibits potential nootropic and antiinflammatory activities in rats.
# Leonard Jervis

Leonard Jervis (born 19 April 1949) is a Bahamian sprinter. He competed in the men's 100 metres at the 1976 Summer Olympics.
# Krasnoshchyokovsky District

Krasnoshchyokovsky District (Russian: Краснощёковский райо́н) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the fifty-nine in Altai Krai, Russia. It is located in the south of the krai. The area of the district is 3,543 square kilometers (1,368 sq mi). Its administrative center is the rural locality (a selo) of Krasnoshchyokovo. As of the 2010 Census, the total population of the district was 19,251, with the population of Krasnoshchyokovo accounting for 26.4% of that number.
# Gyönk

Gyönk (German: Jink) is a village in Tolna County, Hungary.

## History

Gyönk was mentioned for the first time in 1280, but the neighborhood (and Gyönk) was already a populated area by then. The village was inhabited by Turks for some time, and by the time of the Rákóczi it was depopulated. In the early 18th century, Hungarian and German families arrived in the village. The school was founded in 1806. In 1882, the Budapest-Pécs-Dombóvár-rail line, which passes through the Kapos Valley connected the village.
In 1891, there were 3,371 German and Hungarian inhabitants. In 1947, a Czechoslovak-Hungarian population exchange saw 9 Highland Hungarian families (55 people) resettled in the upland village of Martos.
Until the end of World War II, the inhabitants' majority was Danube Swabian (Schwowe), whose ancestors had come from Swabia and Franconia. Around 1790, Catholic German families from Gyönk settled in Illocska. Most of the former German settlers were expelled to Allied-occupied Germany and Allied-occupied Austria in 1945–1948, following the Potsdam Agreement. Only a few Germans of Hungary live there, the majority today are the descendants of Hungarians from the Czechoslovak–Hungarian population exchange.

## Notable landmarks

The Reformed Church was built between 1775 and 1777, and consecrated on May 25, 1777. The tower was completed in 1836. The second organ of the church, dated to 1910 is a masterpiece. The neo-Gothic style Lutheran Church designed by Gyula Reppmannin was completed in 1896. The Catholic Church was built in 1926. Magyary Kossa-Castle was built in 1830.

## Demographics

As of 2022, the town is 91.7% Hungarian, 8.7% German, 2.8% Gypsy, and 1.1% of non-European origin. 27.7% of the townsfolk are Roman Catholic, 13.8% Lutheran, 13.1% Reformed, and 10.8% nondenominational.

## Twin towns – sister cities

Gyönk is twinned with:
* Darmstadt, Germany, since 1990
* Griesheim, Germany, since 1990
* Bar-le-Duc, France, since 1996
* Wilkau-Haßlau, Germany, since 1997
# Kamieńczyk-Borowy

Kamieńczyk-Borowy (Polish pronunciation:) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Boguty-Pianki, within Ostrów Mazowiecka County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland.
# Kamieńczyk-Ryciorki

Kamieńczyk-Ryciorki (Polish pronunciation:) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Boguty-Pianki, within Ostrów Mazowiecka County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland.
# Salka (Sufism)

The salka (Arabic: السلكة) is a collective recitation of all sixty hizbs of the Quran done by murids and saliks in Islamic Sufism.

## Presentation

The salka is a tilawa during the meeting of the murids in a zawiya or a mosque to continuously recite the entire Quran.
Saliks and tolbas recite the salka periodically to demonstrate their memorization in the zawiyas and madrasas.
Muslims used also to perform the salka to psalmody the whole Quran either for death, childbirth, marriage contract, or moving to a new residence.
While the Hizb Rateb consists of reciting a juz' of the Quran before or after one of the obligatory Islamic salawate (prayer), the salka consists of meeting in a place where believers continuously recite all of the sixty hizbs of the Quran from Al-Fatiha to An-Nas.

## Variants

Depending on the season of the year, the salka can take two forms:
* The Diurnal Salka (Arabic: السلكة النهارية), during the summer, when the length of the day is longer than that of the night.
* The Night Salka (Arabic: السلكة الليلية), during the winter, when the duration of the night is longer than that of the day.
# German Hockey Federation

The German Hockey Federation (German: Deutscher Hockey-Bund or DHB) is the national governing body for field (and indoor) hockey in Germany. It was founded in 1909 in Bonn. It is situated in Mönchengladbach and had 66,145 members on 1 January 2006. The body is built by the club which are organised in subdivisions on the level of the Bundesländer. The association itself is member of the DOSB (Deutscher Olympischer Sportbund), the EHF and the FIH. It is responsible for the German national hockey teams and is the administrator of the Men's Bundesliga and Women's Bundesliga

## History

The German Hockey Federation was founded on 31 December 1909 in Bonn as part of an international hockey week in Bonn by a number of clubs founded from 1901 onwards. Kurt Doerry was elected the first President.
# Shahrak-e Eslamabad, Sistan and Baluchestan

Shahrak-e Eslamabad (Persian: شهرك اسلام آباد, also Romanized as Shahrak-e Eslāmābād) is a village in Negur Rural District, Dashtiari District, Chabahar County, Sistan and Baluchestan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 185, in 26 families.
# Karaska

Karaska is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Kadzidło, within Ostrołęka County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately 11 kilometres (7 mi) west of Kadzidło, 28 km (17 mi) north-west of Ostrołęka, and 119 km (74 mi) north of Warsaw.
# Karcze, Masovian Voivodeship

Karcze is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Zbuczyn, within Siedlce County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately 4 kilometres (2 mi) north-east of Zbuczyn, 17 km (11 mi) south-east of Siedlce, and 103 km (64 mi) east of Warsaw.
# Chal Seyl

Chal Seyl (Persian: چال سيل, also Romanized as Chāl Seyl; also known as Chāl Seyl-e Cherāghābād and Chāl Seyl-e ‘Olyā) is a village in Nurabad Rural District, in the Central District of Delfan County, Lorestan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 84, in 14 families.
# Karlusin

Karlusin is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Sokołów Podlaski, within Sokołów County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately 3 kilometres (2 mi) south-east of Sokołów Podlaski and 90 km (56 mi) east of Warsaw.
# Karniewek

Karniewek is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Pokrzywnica, within Pułtusk County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately 8 kilometres (5 mi) east of Pokrzywnica, 12 km (7 mi) south of Pułtusk, and 44 km (27 mi) north of Warsaw.
# Karolew, Gmina Klembów

Karolew is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Klembów, within Wołomin County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately 7 kilometres (4 mi) south-east of Klembów, 13 km (8 mi) east of Wołomin, and 33 km (21 mi) north-east of Warsaw.
# Karolin, Białobrzegi County

Karolin is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Promna, within Białobrzegi County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately 8 kilometres (5 mi) north of Promna, 12 km (7 mi) north of Białobrzegi, and 52 km (32 mi) south of Warsaw.
# Kolamak

Kolamak (Persian: كلامك, also Romanized as Kolāmak; also known as Kolmak, Kolūmak, and Kūlūmak) is a village in Farim Rural District, Dodangeh District, Sari County, Mazandaran Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 51, in 13 families.