OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Samo, Calabria

Samo (Calabrian: Samu; Calabrian Greek: Σάμος) is a small town and comune located in the Province of Reggio Calabria, southern Italy. Samo has a population of 1,090, but this increases seasonally. Samo is about 10 kilometres (6 mi) inland and about 390 metres (1,280 ft) above sea level. It is located at the foot of Aspromonte National Park.
Samo has a number of fresh water springs running in the nearby mountains and through the town which are used by most of the population for drinking.

## History

Samo has been historically a city of much trade and import. From the 16th century onwards, people would trade sheepskins, lambs and pineapple.

## Main sights

The main attractions of Samo are the ruins of the old town destroyed in the 1908 Messina earthquake and hiking in the nearby Aspromonte National Park.

## Sport

The town has a football team called AC Samo and is currently playing in the lower regional divisions.

## Twin towns

Samo is the sister town of the Greek island of Samos.
# Jungshahi railway station

Jungshahi Railway Station (Urdu: جنگ شاہی ریلوے اسٹیشن, Sindhi: جنگ شاهي ريلوي اسٽيشن) is a railway station located in Jungshahi, Thatta district of Sindh province, Pakistan.

## Services

The following trains stop at Jungshahi station:
| Preceding station | Pakistan Railways | Following station |
| Landhi Junctiontowards Karachi Cantonment | Awam Express | Jhimpirtowards Peshawar Cantonment |
| Landhi Junctiontowards Karachi City | Bahauddin Zakaria Express | Kotri Junctiontowards Multan Cantonment |
| Landhi Junctiontowards Karachi City | Bolan Mail | Braudabadtowards Quetta |
# Goswick

Goswick (/ˈɡɒsɪk/) is a hamlet in Northumberland, England, situated approximately south-east of Berwick-upon-Tweed, England, between the A1 and the North Sea coast.

## History
### Goswick station

Goswick station was opened in November 1870 when it was known as Windmill Hill Station, but it was renamed Goswick station on 1 January 1898. It was part of the East Coast Main Line (ECML) which ran from London to Edinburgh.
In 1907 Goswick was the site of an Express Goods train derailment.
From 5 May 1941 until 7 October 1946 the station was closed to passengers as part of the World War II economy measures.
On 26 October 1947 it was the site of the Goswick rail crash in which 28 people were killed and 65 injured when an Edinburgh to London express was derailed.
On 28 October 1953 a 'Glasgow to Colchester' train was derailed and one person was injured.
On 15 September 1958 the station was closed to passengers, and on 10 August 1964 it was closed for Goods trains. Finally the signal box was closed on 24 March 1982.

## Governance

Goswick is in the parliamentary constituency of Berwick-upon-Tweed.

## Geography

Goswick is approximately 5 miles south of Berwick-upon-Tweed and adjacent to Goswick Sands which connect with Lindisfarne (Holy Island). The island is approximately 10 miles by road but only 2 miles walk along the footpath, across the Goswick sands and along the Holy Island causeway.
The Goswick Links golf club, the Beachcomber campsite and residents of the 12 houses enjoy the North Sea beaches and views across the sands to Lindisfarne (Holy Island) and Lindisfarne Castle.
# Laurier Avenue (Montreal)

Laurier Avenue (officially in French: Avenue Laurier) is a commercial and residential street in Montreal, Quebec, Canada. It crosses the boroughs of Outremont, Le Plateau-Mont-Royal and Rosemont–La Petite-Patrie. It is known for its cafés, restaurants and specialty stores, especially near Park Avenue and east of Sir Wilfrid Laurier Park.
The largest concentration of shops on Laurier Avenue are located between Clark Street and Querbes Avenue. These are mainly upscale decorating and children's clothing stores, as well as restaurants and cafes.
Laurier Station, on the Montreal Metro's Orange Line, is located at the intersection of Laurier Avenue and Berri Street.

## History

Laurier Avenue was originally known as St. Louis Street, in the old village of Mile End. After the annexation of that village to the City of Montreal in 1899, it was decided that the street name should be changed to Laurier Avenue in honour of the former Prime Minister of Canada, Sir Wilfrid Laurier.
# Lower Shelton

Lower Shelton is a village in the civil parish of Marston Moreteyne in Bedfordshire, England. It is made of Lower Shelton Road, Stratford Way, The Rickyard, Franklin Close and Chequers Close and another small close known locally as "The jetty" although there is no water in view. The area is made up of many sizes and types of houses of differing ages.
Shelton Manor is located halfway between the A421 and Upper Shelton and located close to the disused Shelton Farm. The road is in a rural setting between fields with views of Lidlington and the ancient church of Marston Moreteyne. Near the top the road is crossed by a high voltage power line from Toddington switching station.
The last main housing estate to be built within the village was The Rickyard, which was completed in 2005.
# Zdeněk Jirotka

Zdeněk Jirotka (7 January 1911 – 12 April 2003) was a Czechoslovak writer of radio-broadcast plays and author of humorous novels, short stories, and feuilletons. He was born in Ostrava (Silesia), sat for the leaving examination at the secondary industrial school in Hradec Králové in 1933 and then joined the Army where he served until 1940. After the Nazis had annexed Czechoslovakia, Jirotka worked for the Public Works Ministry and in 1942, when his most famous novel Saturnin earned him great success, he became a full-time writer. Among other newspapers and magazines that Jirotka contributed to were: the Lidové noviny (1940-1945), the Svobodné noviny (1945-1951), and the Dikobraz (1951-1953 and after 1962).

## Works

* Saturnin, originally published in 1942 (translated into English in 1970), a humorous and satirical story of a charismatic servant, Saturnin, who carries out eccentric tasks given by his young employer. The book plays upon words and meanings of Czech proverbs. Its characters and events reflect the author's nostalgia for the epoch before World War II.

## Literature

* Sehnalová, Kamila. 2013. Comparative analysis of Czech, English, and German proverb in Jirotka's Saturnin. BA thesis, Charles University, Prague. Link to thesis
# Prežulje

Prežulje (pronounced; also Preža, Preže, or Prežulja; German: Präsuln or Presuln) is a remote abandoned former settlement in the Municipality of Kočevje in southern Slovenia. The area is part of the traditional region of Lower Carniola and is now included in the Southeast Slovenia Statistical Region. Its territory is now part of the village of Gornja Briga.

## History

Prežulje was a village inhabited by Gottschee Germans. It was founded in the 16th century and had a farm divided into two half-farms according to the land registry of 1574. Before the Second World War one Slovene family also lived in the village. The village was burned during the war.
# Bukreyevka, Kamyshinsky selsoviet, Kursky District, Kursk Oblast

Bukreyevka (Russian: Букреевка) is a rural locality (Russian: деревня, lit. 'village') in Kamyshinsky Selsoviet Rural Settlement, Kursky District, Kursk Oblast, Russia. Population: 669 (2010 Census); 696 (2002 Census);

## Geography

The village is located 103 km from the Russia–Ukraine border, 6 km north-east of the district center – the town Kursk, 4 km from the selsoviet center – Kamyshi.

### Streets

There are the following streets in the locality: Lugovaya, Rodnikovaya, tupik Rodnikovy, Sirenevaya, Solnechnaya, Shirokaya, Vasilkovaya and Zelyonaya (483 houses).

### Climate

Bukreyevka has a warm-summer humid continental climate (Dfb in the Köppen climate classification).

## Transport

Bukreyevka is located 9 km from the federal route M-2 Crimea Highway (a part of the European route E105), on the road of regional importance 38K-018 (Kursk – Ponyri), on the road of intermunicipal significance 38H-724 (38K-018 – Churilovo), in the vicinity of the railway halt 521 km (railway line Oryol – Kursk).
The rural locality is situated 10 km from Kursk Vostochny Airport, 133 km from Belgorod International Airport and 205 km from Voronezh Peter the Great Airport.
# Ogenne-Camptort

Ogenne-Camptort (French pronunciation:; Occitan: Augèna-Camptòrt) is a commune in the Pyrénées-Atlantiques department in south-western France.
# Honey bear

Honey bear may refer to:

## Animals

* American black bear, famous for honey being part of its diet
* Sun bear of Southeast Asia, which has light-colored upper-chest fur
* Sloth bear of Indian subcontinent, also with light-colored upper-chest fur
* Kinkajou, a rainforest mammal native to Central and South America

## Nicknames of people

* Nina Warren, known as "Honey Bear", daughter of Earl Warren and mother of Dr. William Brien
* Nickname of Nick Markakis (born 1983), right fielder for the Baltimore Orioles known for prowling right field and raking
* Nickname of Gene Sedric (1907–1963), American saxophonist
* Nickname of Hunter Travis Weigant as of 2022

## Others

* The Chicago Honey Bears, a cheerleading squad
* A commercially sold bear-shaped container of honey
* Banjo, a honey bear.
# St George College, South Australia

St George College is the first Eastern Orthodox school in Adelaide, South Australia. The co-educational college, established in 1983, operates under the auspices of the Greek Orthodox Archdiocese of Australia and is sponsored by the Orthodox community. The original school, now the junior school, is on the corner of Rose Street and Dew Street in the suburb of Mile End. The senior school is located close by, on the corner of Henley Beach Road and South Road, on the site of the former Thebarton Primary School.
# Ritini

Ritini (Greek: Ρητίνη) is a village and a community of the Katerini municipality. Before the 2011 local government reform, it was part of the municipality of Pierioi, of which it was the seat. The 2021 census recorded 890 inhabitants in the village.
# Sree Chaitanya College

Sree Chaitanya College is a college in Habra in the state of West Bengal. It offers Undergraduate and Post Graduate courses arts and sciences. It is affiliated to West Bengal State University.

## History

The college was established in 1956, for providing higher education to local students. Habra Siksha Parishad took initiative with the help of the then Chief Minister, late Dr. Bidhan Chandra Roy for the purpose. This project was given a proper shape by the Minister in the D.r Roy's Cabinet, Mr. Tarun Kanti Ghosh, who was also an MLA from Habra. The College began its journey in the premises of Habra High School. thereafter shifted to site of Bangiya Christian Council and finally to its present premises on 5 October 1958. Presently the Sree Chaitanya College is situated in more than 20 acres of land beside the Jessore Road which is about 46 km from Kolkata. Kalyan Niyogi stood 3rd in Pre-University Examination in 1961. He is the first person to receive a position in the Calcutta University examination.

## Departments and courses

The college offers different undergraduate and postgraduate courses and aims at imparting education to the undergraduates of lower- and middle-class people of Habra and its adjoining areas.

### Science

Science faculty consists of the departments of Chemistry, Physics, Mathematics, Computer Science & Application, Botany, Zoology, Anthropology, and Economics.

### Arts

Arts faculty consists of departments of Bengali, English, Sanskrit, History, Political Science, and Philosophy.

## Accreditation

Sree Chaitanya College is recognized by the University Grants Commission (UGC). Recently, it has been re-accredited and awarded B++ grade by the National Assessment and Accreditation Council (NAAC).
# String Quartet No. 7 (Hill)

String Quartet No. 7 in A major, Stiles 1.2.3.3 SQ7, by Australian composer Alfred Hill was commenced in Melbourne and finished in Sydney on 18 November 1934, as stated in the manuscript score preserved in the National Library of Australia. It is thought to be the last of Hill's middle period quartets, with some impressionistic features being transitional to his later compositions. Approximate duration is 20.5 minutes.

## Composition and performance history

When in 1921 Henri Verbrugghen, the first director of New South Wales State Conservatorium of Music, left Australia for Minneapolis, Alfred Hill was a popular candidate for this position, but W. Arundel Orchard was appointed instead. He retired in 1934, and although Hill was still a popular choice, he was overlooked again in favor of Edgar Bainton. Hill took a year of leave, resigned in 1935 and opened the Alfred Hill Academy of Music (closed in 1937 after a devastating fire). During this short period of 1934–1937 Hill composed nine string quartets, first of which was the Seventh.
In an excerpt from his drafted autobiography, entitled A Wonderful Year, Hill describes the year of respite in 1934. He travelled to Melbourne with his wife Mirrie Hill. "What I seemed", wrote Hill, "at the time, to think more important than all, was that I had just finished two string quartets", the quartets being No. 7 (dated 18 November) and No. 8 (dated 6 December). Both are in A major, and hence it is difficult to say which of these was performed, when the sources mention an "A major string quartet" by Hill. At least three performances of an "A major quartet" are known, all in the summer 1935.

## Structure

The quartet is in four movements.
    I. Maestoso — Allegro moderato (A major)
    II. Intermezzo. Allegretto (E minor)
    III. Andante (C major)
    IV. Finale. Allegro (A major)

## Analysis

In the first movement, the contrast between the first and second subjects is striking. A relatively brief (as usually in Hill's quartets) development section contains some interesting harmonic progressions. In the outer sections of the second movement pizzicato alternates with arco, contrasting with the wistful melody in the central section. In the Andante hints of impressionism first appear in Hill's quartet writing, though they are not so evident as in the Eighths quartet, composed later that year (1934). The Finale is characterised by eloquence rather than drama. At the end of it the opening bars of the first movement are cited, rounding the whole composition.

## Editions

* Alfred Hill. String Quartet No. 7 in A. London: Stiles Music Publications, 2002 (pub. number S35-2002; ISMN 979-0-720029-35-1)

## Recordings

* A 1961 recording is listed in the Australian Broadcasting Corporation archives, without the names of performers.
* (rec. 2008) Dominion String Quartet (Gezentsvey, Harris, Maurice, Chickering) – (2009) Naxos Records 8.572446.
# Development informatics

Development informatics is a field of both research and practice focusing on the application of information systems in socio-economic development.
The "informatics" terminology is intended to be a translation of the French "informatique". It indicates a broad and systemic view that encompasses four inter-linked levels:
* Data, information and knowledge
* Information and communication technologies
* Processes of learning, decision-making and communication
* Wider human, organisational and national context
The terminology is therefore intended to indicate a broader approach than that taken by the more techno-centric definitions of either Information and Communication Technologies for Development (ICT4D), which focuses on use of ICTs for delivery of specific development goals, or Information and Communication Technologies and Development (ICTD), which looks at use of ICTs in developing countries.
However, it is unclear whether these differences are understood or used in practice.
The main network for those active in development informatics is the International Development Informatics Association, which organises conferences and publications in the field.
# Tsakalonisi

Tsakalonisi (Greek: Τσακαλονήσι) is a small Greek island in the Ionian Sea, part of the Echinades archipelago. As of 2011, it had no resident population. It is situated 0.3 km west of Provati, 0.8 km southwest of Karlonisi, 1 km southeast of Drakonera, 4 km off the coast of Aetolia-Acarnania and 27 km east of Ithaca. It is administered by the municipality of Cephalonia.
# Outlook Peak

Outlook Peak is a mountain in Qikiqtaaluk, Nunavut, Canada, located on the southwestern edge of the Muller Icecap. It is the highest mountain of the Princess Margaret Range at 2,210 m (7,251 ft), the highest on Axel Heiberg Island, and the fourth highest in Nunavut.
# Ust-Katav

Ust-Katav (Russian: Усть-Ката́в) is a town in Chelyabinsk Oblast, Russia, located on the Yuryuzan River. Population: 23,580 (2010 Census); 25,898 (2002 Census); 31,218 (1989 Soviet census).

## Administrative and municipal status

Within the framework of administrative divisions, it is, together with ten rural localities, incorporated as the Town of Ust-Katav—an administrative unit with the status equal to that of the districts. As a municipal division, the Town of Ust-Katav is incorporated as Ust-Katavsky Urban Okrug.

## Economy

Ust-Katav is best known for its factory UKVZ, which is the production place of the world's most numerous model of streetcar, the KTM-5.

### Transportation

Ust-Katav is situated near the Trans-Siberian Railway, as well as the M5 "Ural" motorway.
# Dukchi

Dukchi (Persian: دوكچي, also Romanized as Dūkchī) is a village in Behi-e Feyzolah Beygi Rural District, in the Central District of Bukan County, West Azerbaijan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 128, in 22 families.
# HD 3443

HD 3443 is a binary system composed of medium-mass main sequence stars in the constellation of Cetus about 50 light years away.

## System

This binary star system, with an orbital semimajor axis 8.9 AU, has not had any circumstellar dust detected as of 2020. While the habitable zones of the stars stretch from 0.55 to 0.95 AU from the stars, planetary orbits with a semimajor axis beyond 1.87 AU would become unstable due to the influence of the binary companion.

## Properties

The star system is enriched in oxygen compared to the Solar System, having 140% of solar oxygen abundance, but is depleted in heavier elements, having 75% of solar abundance of iron.
# Chamber of Senators (Bolivia)

16°29′46″S 68°07′59″W﻿ / ﻿16.49611°S 68.13306°W﻿ / -16.49611; -68.13306
The Chamber of Senators (Spanish: Cámara de Senadores) is the upper house of the Plurinational Legislative Assembly of Bolivia. The composition and powers of the Senate are established in the Political Constitution of the State and others determined by Bolivian laws. The Senate is the legislative body of the country, where each Senator represents the interests of their Departments. The session room is located in the Legislative Palace building in Plaza Murillo.
The Senate has 36 seats. Each of the country's nine departments returns four senators elected by proportional representation (using the D'Hondt method). (From 1985 to 2009, the Senate had 27 seats: three seats per department: two from the party or formula that receives the most votes, with the third senator representing the second-placed party.) Senators are elected from party lists to serve five-year terms, and the minimum age to hold a Senate seat is 35 years.
The Senate was established in the 1831, disestablished later, and re-established in 1878.
Before the adoption of the new Constitution of 2009, this chamber was called National Senate (Spanish: Senado Nacional).
# Toto, Peppino and the Outlaws

Toto, Peppino and the Outlaws (Italian: Totò, Peppino e i fuorilegge) is a 1956 Italian comedy film directed by Camillo Mastrocinque.
For this film Peppino De Filippo was awarded with a Silver Ribbon for best supporting actor.

## Plot

Antonio and Peppino live in a small town in central Italy: Peppino is the barber, Totò is maintained by the rich but avaricious wife Teresa, who does not allow him in any way to have fun, as Antonio would like. One day Antonio and Peppino take advantage of the fact that the bandit "Il Torchio" has returned to terrorizing the country, pretending to be kidnapped by the band. The two astutely send a message with threats to Teresa, asking for money for the payment of the ransom, with which they go to spend a night of joy. Teresa, however, learns the truth and is furious, and does not believe the stories of Antonio, even when he is really kidnapped by the "Torchio".

## Cast

* Totò: Antonio
* Peppino De Filippo: Peppino
* Titina De Filippo: Teresa
* Dorian Gray: Valeria
* Franco Interlenghi: Alberto
* Maria Pia Casilio: Rosina
* Barbara Shelley: la baronessa
* Teddy Reno: himself
* Memmo Carotenuto: Ignazio detto "il Torchio"
* Mario Castellani: il braccio destro del Torchio
# Saw duang

The saw duang (Thai: ซอด้วง, pronounced, RTGS: so duang) is a two-stringed instrument used in traditional Thai music. The sound is produced by the bow made from horsetail hair which goes between the strings made from silk. The bow has to be tilted to switch from one string to another. Saw duang is light and played vertically on the lap. It creates a bright tone unlike the Saw u which produces a mellow sound. Another instrument which is similar to the Saw duang is the Chinese stringed instrument called Huqin.

## History

Thai musical instruments were adopted from Chinese instruments but with adaptations. The variety of musical instruments expanded when the Thai kingdom in the Indo-China peninsula came into contact with India. Later on, Thailand also adopted western instruments such as the violin and the organ. Saw duang may have been copied from the Huqin of China. The name was given based on its shape which resembles a trap (duang dak yae or ด้วงดักแย้) used by the people of the Northern provinces to catch edible lizards.
* Saw Duang, Thailand, late 19th century at the Metropolitan Museum of Art
* Back of a saw duang fiddle at the Metropolitan Museum of Art

## Structure

Saw duang has seven main components:
* The neck (Thuan Saw) can be made from different kinds of hard wood. The upper part of the neck has a quadrangle shape while the lower part is tapered and inserted into the sound box.
* The tuning pegs (Luk-bid) face the same direction as the Thuan Saw. They made of wood or ivory and are cylindrical in shape. The low pitch string is attached to the upper peg while the high pitch string is attached to the bottom peg. As in violins, the pegs are twisted to tune the strings.
* The body has a hollow cylindrical shape made from hard wood or ivory. One side of the body is covered with a piece of stretched snakeskin which expands the vibration from the strings.
* The cord (Rad-ok) is fastened around the strings at the upper part of the neck. It is used to make the strings tighter. The player presses the string below this cord.
* The wooden bridge is similar to the ones used in western string instruments. It supports the string and transfers the vibration down to the snakeskin.
* The bow is made from the same material as the neck. It has a long curved shape like the bow of Baroque violins. The hairs of the bow which are made from horsetail hairs or nylon strings go between the two strings and are fastened at the two ends of the bow.
* The strings are made from different kinds of materials. Traditionally, they were made from silk but nowadays nylon or brass wires are used instead to make them durable and to create a clearer sound. The big inner string has a lower pitch than the small outer string.

## Use

In a traditional string ensemble or Wong Khrueang Sai (วงเครื่องสาย), Saw duang acts as a leader due to its high and clear sound. In recent times, the traditional string ensemble has developed with the addition of Western instruments such as violins and piano. These string ensembles are used in many occasions such as weddings, birthdays, and housewarmings.
It is equivalent to the Cambodian Tro sau toch.
# Hareh Pak

Hareh Pak (Persian: هره پاك, also Romanized as Hareh Pāk) is a village in Harazpey-ye Jonubi Rural District, in the Central District of Amol County, Mazandaran Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 113, in 30 families.