OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Nacimiento, Chile

Nacimiento (Spanish pronunciation:, English: Birth) is a Chilean city situated in the Bío Bío Province, Bío Bío Region, 550 km (342 mi) south of Santiago, and 104 km (65 mi) from the closest major city in the region, Concepción.
It was first used as a fort for the Spanish army to advance and control the territory, and it was officially baptised on Christmas Eve of December 1603 with the name of Nacimiento de Nuestro Señor (Nativity of Our Lord). Destroyed in the later risings of the Mapuche and repaired in 1665, 1724 and for the last time in 1739, it was transferred with its inhabitants in 1749 to the site of the current town.
For a long time it was considered the last frontier of Chile, but after the arrival of foreign investors and developers it became a very prosperous city. The Palacio Gleisner is testament to that early prosperity.
Among the rivers that surround the city include the Bío Bío and the Vergara rivers. Industrial practices of lumber companies such as Mininco, Inforsa and Santa Fé (among others) have caused contaminants to pollute the waters of the Vergara River, which was the life source of local agricultural cultivation.

## Demographics

According to the 2002 census of the National Statistics Institute, Nacimiento spans an area of 934.9 km$^2$ (361 sq mi) and has 25,971 inhabitants (13,090 men and 12,881 women). Of these, 20,884 (80.4%) lived in urban areas and 5,087 (19.6%) in rural areas. The population fell by 0.1% (23 persons) between the 1992 and 2002 censuses. The town of Nacimiento comprises about 1.4% of the total population of the region.

## Administration

As a commune, Nacimiento is a third-level administrative division of Chile administered by a municipal council, headed by an alcalde who is directly elected every four years. The 2008-2012 alcalde is Gerardo Montes Cisternas (PS).
Within the electoral divisions of Chile, Nacimiento is represented in the Chamber of Deputies by Juan Lobos (UDI) and José Pérez (PRSD) as part of the 47th electoral district, together with Los Ángeles, Tucapel, Antuco, Quilleco, Santa Bárbara, Quilaco, Mulchén, Negrete, San Rosendo, Laja and Alto Bío Bío. The commune is represented in the Senate by Victor Pérez Varela (UDI) and Mariano Ruiz-Esquide Jara (PDC) as part of the 13th senatorial constituency (Biobío-Coast).
# Sigfrid Gauch

Sigfrid Gauch (born 9 March 1945) is a German writer. He lives in Mainz.
Gauch is the son of Hermann Gauch, a Nazi official and member of the SS. He was born in Offenbach-Hundheim in the last few weeks of the Second World War. His parents separated when he was a young boy. He studied at the Universities of Heidelberg and Mainz.
He worked as a school teacher, teaching German, philosophy and ethics at the Integrierte Gesamtschule in Mainz. He was awarded a doctorate from the University of Mainz in 1985 for a dissertation on "Overt and covert spellings in literary Jacobinism". It was later published as Friedrich Joseph Emerich – ein deutscher Jakobiner. Studien zu Leben und Werk.
In the 1970s Gauch published essays and poetry. He made his name with his book Vaterspuren (Traces of My Father) in 1979, an influential memoir that began what later became a genre of literature about children of Nazi parents attempting to come to terms with their family's past. He later published Fundsachen. Die Quellen zum Roman Vaterspuren, a collection of primary source material related to the book. His novels Winterhafen (2010) and Schattenbilder (2012) explore the same issues through fiction.
In addition to his novels, short stories and poetry collections Gauch has co-edited numerous anthologies, especially with regard to literature from Rhineland-Palatinate, including, from 1994, the Rheinland-pfälzisches Jahrbuch für Literatur (Rhineland-Palatinate Yearbook of literature) published by Brandes & Apsel. Since 2002, this has come out under the title Jahrbuch für Literatur (Yearbook for Literature). Since 2004, he has edited the Edition Schrittmacher series of books, of which 30 volumes have been published.
# Yao (surname)

Yao (Chinese: 姚; pinyin: Yáo), also romanized as Yiu in Cantonese, is one of the most ancient Chinese surnames, the "Eight Great Xings of High Antiquity". It is also unique that, along with Jiang 姜 it is still in common use in the modern day. It is listed 101st in the Hundred Family Surnames, and as the 51st most common surname in Mainland China.

## Alternate spellings

* Mandarin: Yao
* Cantonese: Iu, Yiu
* Min Nan (Hokkien (Fujian)/Teochew): Lao, Lau, Yeow
* Vietnamese: Diêu, Dao
* Korean: Yo
* Japanese: Yō
* Singapore: Yow, Yeo, Iau
* Malaysia: Yeow

## Prominent people
### Yao

* Yao Chonghua, the name of Emperor Shun of pre-dynastic China, one of the Three Sovereigns and Five Emperors
* Yao Chang, founding emperor of the Later Qin Dynasty
* Yao Ming, Chinese professional basketball player and humanitarian
* Andrew Yao, Chinese computer scientist and A.M. Turing Award laureate
* Jianping Yao, Canadian engineer
* Yao Defen, former world's tallest woman
* Yao Wenyuan, member of the Gang of Four
* MC HotDog (born name as Yao Chung-jen), Taiwanese rapper
* Yao Beina, Chinese singer
* Yao Chen, Chinese actress
* Yao Jen-to, Vice Chairperson and Secretary-General of Straits Exchange Foundation of the Republic of China
* Yao Leeh-ter, Political Deputy Minister of Education of the Republic of China (2017–2019)
* Yao Mingming, Former member of K-pop group BLK and C-pop Group UNINE
* Yao Wenlong, Malaysia born Singapore actor

### Yiu

* Claire Yiu, Hong Kong actress
* Edward Yiu, Hong Kong scholar and politician
* Raymond Yiu, Hong Kong composer
* Yiu Cheuk Yin, Hong Kong footballer
* Yiu Ho Ming, Hong Kong footballer
* Yiu Si-wing, Hong Kong lawmaker
* Chantel Yiu, Hong Kong singer and actress

### Yeow

* Yeow Chai Thiam, Malaysian politician.
# Doliolunidae

Doliolunidae is a family of tunicates belonging to the order Doliolida.
Genera:
# Darreh Yadegar

Darreh Yadegar (Persian: دره يادگار, also Romanized as Darreh Yādegār) is a village in Itivand-e Shomali Rural District, Kakavand District, Delfan County, Lorestan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 267, in 46 families.
# Stepan Yudin

Stepan Yudin (Russian: Степан Юдин, born 3 April 1980) is a male race walker from Russia.

## Achievements

| Year | Competition | Venue | Position | Event | Notes |
| Representing Russia ||||||
| 2001 | European U23 Championships | Amsterdam, Netherlands | 2nd | 20 km | 1:23:10 |
| 2002 | World Race Walking Cup | Turin, Italy | 5th | 50 km | 3:51:03 |
| 2003 | World Student Games | Daegu, South Korea | 1st | 20 km | 1:23:34 |
| 2005 | World Student Games | İzmir, Turkey | 8th | 20 km | 1:28:40 |
# Pierioi

Pierioi (Greek: Πιέριοι) is a former municipality in Pieria, Greece. The seat of the municipality was in Ritini. Since the 2011 local government reform it is part of the municipality Katerini, of which it is a municipal unit. The 2021 census recorded 1,656 residents in the municipal unit. The municipal unit has an area of 112.943 km$^2$.
# Jochen Drees

Jochen Herbert Drees (born 15 March 1970) is a former German football referee who is based in Münster-Sarmsheim. He refereed for SV Blau Weiß Münster-Sarmsheim of the Southwest German Football Association.

## Refereeing career

Drees was referee for SV Blau Weiß Münster-Sarmsheim, and officiated on the DFB level since 2001. In 2003, he was appointed to officiate in the 2. Bundesliga. Drees became a Bundesliga referee at the start of the 2005–06 season, replacing the retired Torsten Koop. His first Bundesliga appearance was on 24 September 2005 in the match between VfL Wolfsburg and Eintracht Frankfurt. He was chosen as a fourth official for the referee team led by Herbert Fandel for the 2006 DFB-Pokal Final between Eintracht Frankfurt and Bayern Munich.
On 11 April 2008, Drees abandoned the Bundesliga match between 1. FC Nürnberg and VfL Wolfsburg due to heavy rain. It was the first Bundesliga match abandoned since 1976, and the first because of rain. It was only the sixth match abandoned in the history of the Bundesliga.
Drees retired from officiating in 2017 because he reached the age limit for German referees, which is 47. His final Bundesliga match officiated was between Bayern Munich and SC Freiburg.

## Personal life

In 1989, Drees graduated from the Stefan-George-Gymnasium in Bingen am Rhein. From 1990 to 1997, he studied medicine at the University of Mainz. Since 2001, Drees has been in the practise of his father, who retired in 2003, working as a general practitioner. Drees lives in Münster-Sarmsheim.
# Guillaumes

Guillaumes (French pronunciation:; Occitan: Guilherme; Italian: Guglielmi) is a commune in the Alpes-Maritimes department in southeastern France.
It was part of the historic County of Nice until 1860 as Guglielmi.
The Valberg ski resort is, in part, located on this town.

## Geography

The commune is situated along the river Var, and at the beginning of the Gorges de Daluis.
# Shaista Shameem

Shaista Shameem is a Fijian lawyer. She was the director of the Fiji Human Rights Commission (FHRC) from 2002 to 2007, and its director and chairperson from 2007 to 2009. A graduate of the University of the South Pacific, she holds a PhD in sociology from the University of Waikato and a Masters in Law from the University of Auckland. She also holds a Doctorate in Juridical Science.
After working in the media and as a sociology lecturer in New Zealand, Shameem returned to Fiji and was involved in the constitutional case of Chandrika Prasad v the State which reinstated the 1997 Constitution following the coup d'état of 2000 led by George Speight. She served in 2004-05 as United Nations Special Rapporteur on the Use of Mercenaries and has since 2005 been a member of the UN Working Group on Mercenaries. In 2005 Shameem was invited to assist a UN assessment of the courts in Timor-Leste, but was prevented from visiting the territory. In 2009 she was elected chair of the Working Group. She was a member of the advisory board of the Association for the Prevention of Torture (APT). Currently she is Acting Vice Chancellor of the University of Fiji and is Dean of the JDP School of Law.

## Personal life

Shaista's sister Nazhat Shameem is a judge, and another sister Nikhat Shameem is an academic linguist. Their father hailed from Multan, in present-day Pakistan, while their mother was born in Fiji.

## 2006 coup

On 5 January 2007 Shameem published a report defending the December 2006 military coup, alleging that the previous government of Laisenia Qarase had committed human rights violations and crimes against humanity. She maintained that the 2006 elections were unlawful, and supported claims that Australia had intended to invade Fiji. Shameem acted as amicus curiae in the case of Qarase v the State where she submitted that the President of Fiji acted lawfully in dismissing the Prime Minister on 5 December 2006 and installing the military commander as Interim Prime Minister on 5 January 2007. While the High Court upheld this claim, in 2009 the Appeal Court overturned the decision and ruled that the 2006 coup and the President's action were unlawful.

## Ombudsman

On 16 July 2007, Fiji's Constitutional Offices Commission (COC) announced the appointment of Dr Shameem as Ombudsman, designated as an ex officio position to the chairperson of the Fiji Human Rights Commission. The international human rights NGO Human Rights Watch described her appointment as unlawful, and was highly critical of the FHRC's endorsement of the coup.
Shameen ceased to lead the FHRC in 2009 when it was reconstituted under new legislation.
In 2011, she strongly criticised the military-led government's Essential National Industries Employment decree, which "takes away nearly all collective bargaining rights in essential companies [and] virtually abolishes the right to strike". Shameem said the decree showed the government had abandoned its "previous consensus building approach", and adopted an autocratic mode of government, "diminish[ing] or remov[ing]" workers' rights.
# Ypsolopha instabilella

Ypsolopha instabilella is a moth of the family Ypsolophidae. It is found in Uzbekistan, Tajikistan, Kyrgyzstan, Asia Minor and in the southern part of eastern Europe.
The larvae feed on Ephedra species, including Ephedra distachya.
# Noguères

Noguères (French pronunciation:; Occitan: Noguèras) is a commune in the Pyrénées-Atlantiques department in south-western France.
# Cape Kormakitis

Cape Kormakitis (Greek: Ακρωτήριο Κορμακίτη, Akrotírio Kormakíti, Turkish: Koruçam Burnu), anciently known as Crommyon or Krommyon (Ancient Greek: Κρομμύων ἄκρα, romanized: Krommyon akra or Κρομμύου ἄκρα) and also Crommyacum or Krommyakon (Κρομμυακόν) is a promontory on the north-western coast of the Mediterranean island of Cyprus, located in the self-proclaimed republic of Northern Cyprus. Named after the nearby Maronite village of the same name, the cape marks the northernmost extent of Morphou Bay. The nearest coastal town to Cape Kormakitis is Kyrenia. Anciently, it was opposite to Anemurium in Cilicia on what is now the Turkish mainland.
The Beşparmak Trail, a 255 km long hiking trail, starts at Cape Kormakitis, and follows the Kyrenia Mountains all the way to Cape Apostolos Andreas, the north-easternmost point on Cyprus, at the tip of the Karpaz Peninsula.
# Ravenska Vas

Ravenska Vas (pronounced or; Slovene: Ravenska vas, formerly Sveti Urh, German: Sankt Ulrich) is a settlement immediately east and southeast of Zagorje ob Savi in central Slovenia. The area is part of the traditional region of Upper Carniola. It is now included with the rest of the municipality in the Central Sava Statistical Region.

## Name

The name of the settlement was changed from Sveti Urh (literally, 'Saint Ulrich') to Ravenska vas (literally, 'level village') in 1955. The name was changed on the basis of the 1948 Law on Names of Settlements and Designations of Squares, Streets, and Buildings as part of efforts by Slovenia's postwar communist government to remove religious elements from toponyms.

## Mass graves

Ravenska Vas is the site of five known mass graves associated with the Second World War. They all contain the remains of unidentified victims. The Snežet Mass Grave (Slovene: Grobišče Snežet) is located in the woods 500 meters (1,600 ft) south of the house at Ravenska Vas no. 38. The Birch Mass Grave (Grobišče Pod brezo) is located in the woods 300 meters (980 ft) east of the house at Ravenska Vas no. 39. The Ravenska Vas 1–3 mass graves (Grobišče Ravenska vas 1–3) are located in a meadow on the edge of the woods.

## Church

The local church is dedicated to Saint Ulrich (Slovene: sveti Urh) and belongs to the Parish of Zagorje ob Savi. It dates to the late 16th century and was restyled in the Baroque in the late 18th century.
# Vincgalys

Vincgalys (formerly Polish: Wendzgol, Wędzgol, Wendziul, Russian: Вендзголь) is a village in Kėdainiai district municipality, in Kaunas County, in central Lithuania. According to the 2011 census, the village has a population of 60 people. It is located 2 km from Šlapaberžė. There is wooden manor house, built at the end of the 18th century in Vincgalys village.

## Demography

| Year | Pop. | ±% p.a. |
| 1902 | 96 | — |
| 1923 | 67 | −1.70% |
| 1959 | 201 | +3.10% |
| 1970 | 163 | −1.89% |
| Year | Pop. | ±% p.a. |
| 1979 | 109 | −4.37% |
| 1989 | 81 | −2.93% |
| 2001 | 71 | −1.09% |
| 2011 | 60 | −1.67% |
Source: 1902, 1923, 1959 & 1970, 1979, 1989, 2001, 2011 :
# Andrée Martinerie

Andrée Martinerie (17 April 1917 – 1997) was a 20th-century French writer, laureate of the prix des libraires on 1961.

## Biography

An aggregée of classical letters, Andrée Martinerie began her career by translating important authors such as Fitzroy Maclean, Herman Wouk, Irwin Shaw, L.P. Hartley and Mika Waltari. In 1961 she published a first novel, Les autres jours which obtained the Prix des Libraires. She never stopped publishing novels until the tragedy that cost two of her three grandchildren (1980). The only testimony and the album, she will publish after this drama will be devoted to the latter.
Andrée Martinerie was the wife of André Bertrand, a lawyer, and the mother of Christine Chambaz-Bertrand, a specialist in George Sand. She was also the mother of Geneviève Jurgensen [fr].

## Work

* 1961: Les Autres Jours, prix des libraires, éditions Gallimard, ISBN 2070242498
* 1964: Le Rêve familier, éditions Grasset
* 1968: L'Été d'une vie, Grasset
* 1970: Quand finira la nuit ?, Grasset, ASIN B003CO95PC
* 1976: Une fille de vingt ans, Grasset, ISBN 2246003830
* 1980: L'Espace d'un cri, Grasset
* 1982: Une passion de grand-mère, éditions Robert Laffont, ISBN 978-2724215830
* 1985: Dis-moi, grand-mère (in collaboration with Geneviève Jurgensen), Robert Laffont
# Dimitrios Golemis

Dimitrios (or Demetrius) P. Golemis (Greek: Δημήτριος Γολέμης; 15 November 1874– 9 January 1941) was a Greek athlete. He competed at the 1896 Summer Olympics in Athens.

## Biography

Golemis competed in the 800 metres. He finished second in his preliminary heat to advance to the final. There, he came in last of the three finalists who started the race, as Albin Lermusiaux of France withdrew from the final after defeating Golemis in the heats. Golemis's third-place finish earned him a bronze medal (assigned retroactively by the International Olympic Committee, as no award was given for third place at the time).
He also competed in the 1,500 metres. He finished in the bottom half of the eight runners who took part in the single race of the event, though his exact position is unclear.
# Aogeba Tōtoshi

"Aogeba Tōtoshi" (仰げば尊し) is a song sung at graduation ceremonies in Japan. It is usually in the key of D or E-flat major, in $^6$ $_8$ time.

## History

The melody is often said to be based on a traditional Scottish folk song of uncertain provenance (similar to "Hotaru no hikari" borrowing the melody of "Auld Lang Syne"); however, others insist that both lyrics and music were by Meiji-era educator Isawa Shūji (1851–1917). The lyrics are also said to have been written collectively by Ōtsuki Fumihiko (1847–1928), Satomi Tadashi (1824–1886), and Kabe Iwao. Its first known appearance was in 1884, when Isawa added it to the Ministry of Education's published collection of songs for primary-school students.
In January 2011, Hitotsubashi University professor emeritus Masato Sakurai announced that he believed he had found the origins of the song in an English school music book, "The Song Echo", published in the United States in 1871. According to Sakurai, the American music book's song "Song for the Close of School" is exactly the same as Aogeba Tōtoshi. The U.S. song's words were written by T. H. Brosnan and the music by "H. N. D.". Sakurai stated that the song is no longer known in the U.S.
After the Second World War, the song's lyrics, with their worshipful attitude towards teachers, were felt inappropriate for a democracy in some quarters. This was especially true during the student protests of the 1960s, as opposition to this song was part of a larger reaction against the old regime, and schools hesitated to play the song at graduations for fear of protest. After these protests died down, the further ebb of older notions resulted in the song, which used archaic grammar and vocabulary even for the 1880s, being largely abandoned by public schools (especially primary schools), in favor of alternative songs such as "Tabidachi no hi ni", "Okuru kotoba" by Kaientai, or "Sakura" by Naotarō Moriyama. Even for those schools which continued to use this song, the second stanza, which contains the lyrics "mi o tate, na o age" (身を立て名を上げ, "stand tall, and make a name for yourself"), focusing on personal success, was felt at odds with the changing state of society and often omitted. In the postwar period, children's author Tamao Fujita published a version with modernized lyrics, but it was unpopular among parents because it did not elicit tears the way the original song did.
In 2007, "Aogeba Tōtoshi" was selected for the Nihon no Uta Hyakusen, 100 songs from Japan, by the Agency of Cultural Affairs and the National Congress of Parents and Teachers Associations of Japan. As the songs are ordered by the Japanese gojūon system, "Aogeba Tōtoshi" is number one on the list.
# Belfast Brigade

"Belfast Brigade" is an Irish folk song to the tune of the "Battle Hymn of the Republic".

## Context

The song is about the Belfast Brigade of the Irish Republican Army (IRA), and in particular the 1st, or West Belfast battalion, during the Irish War of Independence in the 1920s. Reference is made to James Craig, 1st Viscount Craigavon, the first Prime Minister of Northern Ireland who is accused of sending the 'Specials' or Ulster Special Constabulary, to 'shoot the people down'. This is a reference to the large number of Catholics who were killed by the Special Constabulary in the conflict. In Christy Moore's version the lyrics in this verse are "the Black and Tans from London came to shoot the people down"
Reference is also made to Seaforde Street in the Short Strand area of east Belfast, which was often the scene of armed encounters between the IRA, British forces and loyalist gunmen. Alternative versions of the song contain a reference to the Falls Road area instead of Seaforde Street. Other lyrics specific to the 1920s are references to armoured cars and Crossley Tenders armoured trucks which were used by the Northern Ireland Security forces at the time. The British use of such heavy weaponry is contrasted with the poor arms possessed by the IRA, who are nevertheless, 'ready to defend ourselves no matter where we go'. The Song Includes the original war cry of the Belfast Brigade, "No surrender! Is the war cry of the Belfast Brigade."
In some versions of the song, there is an allusion to the politics of the Irish Civil War of 1922-1923, 'We're out for our Republic and to hell with your Free State'. The Belfast Brigade in fact largely supported Michael Collins during the civil war, although many of them changed their opinion when it became clear that the Partition of Ireland would be permanent. In other versions of the song, this internal Republican disagreement is not mentioned, the words being changed to, 'Orangemen may live in dread'.
During the Spanish Civil War (1936–1939), the Connolly Column, an Irish volunteer unit of the 15th International Brigade, sang the song while fighting against Francisco Franco's nationalists.
In the 1970s, with the onset of The Troubles, another version of the song emerged about the Provisional IRA Belfast Brigade. The lyrics were changed to 'the British Army came to Belfast to shoot the people down...'
# Żuromin County

Żuromin County (Polish: powiat żuromiński) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Masovian Voivodeship, east-central Poland. It came into being on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat and largest town is Żuromin, which lies 121 kilometres (75 mi) north-west of Warsaw. Other towns in the county are Bieżuń, lying 13 km (8 mi) south of Żuromin and Lubowidz, lying 9 km (6 mi) north-west of Żuromin.
The county covers an area of 805.01 square kilometres (310.8 sq mi). As of 2019 its total population is 38,688, out of which the population of Żuromin is 8,867, that of Bieżuń is 1,846, that of Lubowidz is 1,684, and the rural population is 26,291.

## Neighbouring counties

Żuromin County is bordered by Działdowo County to the north-east, Mława County to the east, Płońsk County to the south-east, Sierpc County to the south-west, and Rypin County and Brodnica County to the west.

## Administrative division

The county is subdivided into six gminas (three urban-rural and three rural). These are listed in the following table, in descending order of population.
| Gmina | Type | Area (km$^2$) | Population (2016) | Seat |
| Gmina Żuromin | urban-rural | 132.4 | 14,395 | Żuromin |
| Gmina Lubowidz | urban-rural | 190.8 | 6,866 | Lubowidz |
| Gmina Bieżuń | urban-rural | 122.0 | 4,977 | Bieżuń |
| Gmina Kuczbork-Osada | rural | 121.6 | 4,724 | Kuczbork-Osada |
| Gmina Lutocin | rural | 126.0 | 4,256 | Lutocin |
| Gmina Siemiątkowo | rural | 112.1 | 3,470 | Siemiątkowo |