OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Daehangno

Daehang-no (Korean: 대학로; lit. college street) is a area in Jongno District within Downtown Seoul.
Formerly known as Sunggyo-bang (숭교방; 崇敎坊; lit. high respect for teaching), it received its current name after the 1.1 km six lane road from Hyehwa-dong rotary to Ihwa-dong crossroad was designated as a "street of culture" on May 5, 1985.
Daehang-no is the street from the crossroad of 79–1, Jongno 5-ga, Jongno District, to Hyehwa-dong rotary, 132, Hyehwa-dong.

## History

King Taejo relocated Sungkyunkwan to the current location on Daehang-no, after the founding of the Joseon dynasty. This gave Daehang-no its former name, "Sunggyo-bang", meaning "high respect for teaching".
During the Japanese occupation, Keijō Imperial University was founded in this area. The university was later merged with other colleges to form the prestigious Seoul National University.
In 1956, Hakrim Dabang, now considered among the oldest active cafes in South Korea and the oldest in Seoul, opened on Daehangno.
In March 1975, main campus of the Seoul National University was moved to Gwanak District by pressure from national government. What came to the place where SNU left, was densely concentrated theatre district around Marronnier Park, as the street was hub of Seoul's university culture in 1970s.
# Agios Ilias, Cyprus

Agios Ilias (Greek: Άγιος Ηλίας "Saint Elias"; Turkish: Yarköy "village of a cliff", previously Ayiliya) is a village in the Famagusta District of Cyprus, located 6 kilometres (3.7 mi) north-east of Trikomo. It is under the de facto control of Northern Cyprus.
Traditionally, Agios Ilias was primarily inhabited by Greek-speaking Orthodox Christians. In 1973, it had 355 inhabitants, all of whom were Greek Cypriot. In August 1974, they were forced to flee their village by the approaching Turkish army. Today, Agios Ilias is inhabited by settlers from the Denizli Province of Turkey.
The first school was established in the village during the Ottoman period, in 1865. Before then, the village priests (and perhaps monks) provided some teaching from religious books held in the church.

## Notable people

* Andrekos Varnava (born 1979), academic, historian and author
# Petrina, Arcadia

Petrina (Greek: Πετρίνα) is a village and a community in the municipal unit of Falaisia, Arcadia, Greece. It is situated in the northern foothills of the Taygetus mountains. It is 3 km east of Falaisia, 4 km west of Skortsinos, 4 km south of Voutsaras, 7 km southeast of Leontari and 14 km southeast of Megalopoli. The community includes the village Spanaiika.

## Population

| Year | Population village | Population community |
| 1981 | - | 420 |
| 1991 | 58 | - |
| 2001 | 50 | 90 |
| 2011 | 44 | 69 |
| 2021 | 23 | 42 |

## In media

In 2014 the US TV show Finding Your Roots found that Tina Fey have ancestors from this village.
# Kaduy (village), Kaduysky District, Vologda Oblast

Kaduy (Russian: Кадуй) is a rural locality (a village) in Semizerye Rural Settlement, Kaduysky District, Vologda Oblast, Russia. The population was 19 as of 2002.

## Geography

It is located 10 km northeast of Kaduy (a work settlement) (the district's administrative centre) by road. Zhornovets is the nearest locality.

## etimology

KAD-lake - as is often the case in Veps toponymy, the basis of the name is a truncated version of the word kadag - "juniper".
# Kurnik (pirog)

Kurnik (Russian: курник; "chicken pirog"), also known as wedding pirog or tsar pirog, is a dome-shaped savoury Russian pirog (loosely, a pie) usually filled with chicken or turkey, eggs, onions, kasha or rice, and other optional components. Sometimes filled with boiled rooster combs, this pirog originated in Southern Russia, especially in Cossack communities, and was used as a "wedding pirog" in the rest of the country. It is dome-shaped, unlike any other non-sweet pirog. In special cases, it was served to tsar himself. Even today, this pirog is served on special occasions in most of Russia.

## Customs

For a wedding, kurniks were made for both spouses. The groom's pirog was decorated with figures of people representing the strength of the young family. The bride, on the other hand, had her kurnik decorated with flowers, said to represent beauty and kindness.
* Kurnik filled with slices of chicken, mushrooms, blini, rice, eggs
# Kosmos 245

Kosmos 245 (Russian: Космос 245 meaning Cosmos 245), known before launch as DS-P1-Yu No.16, was a Soviet satellite which was used as a radar calibration target for tests of anti-ballistic missiles. It was built by the Yuzhnoye Design Bureau, and launched in 1968 as part of the Dnepropetrovsk Sputnik programme. It had a mass of 325 kilograms (717 lb).
Kosmos 245 was launched from Site 133/1 at the Plesetsk Cosmodrome, atop a Kosmos-2I 63SM carrier rocket. The launch occurred on 3 October 1968 at 12:58:59 UTC, and resulted in Kosmos 245's successful deployment into low Earth orbit. Upon reaching orbit, it was assigned its Kosmos designation, and received the International Designator 1968-083A.
Kosmos 245 was operated in an orbit with a perigee of 260 kilometres (160 mi), an apogee of 443 kilometres (275 mi), 70.9 degrees of inclination, and an orbital period of 91.6 minutes. It remained in orbit until it decayed and reentered the atmosphere on 15 January 1969. It was the sixteenth of seventy nine DS-P1-Yu satellites to be launched, and the fifteenth of seventy two to successfully reach orbit.
# Melini

Melini (Greek: Μελίνη) is a village in the Larnaca District of Cyprus, 4 km west of Ora. Its population in 2011 was 59.
# Abid Mutlak al-Jubouri

Abid Mutlag al-Jubouri is an Iraqi politician and was a Deputy Prime Minister in the Iraqi Transitional Government. A Sunni Arab former major general in Saddam Hussein's army, he rose to prominence during the 1980–1988 Iran–Iraq War.
# Pirom Un-prasert

Pirom Un-Prasert (Thai: ภิรมย์ อั๋นประเสริฐ) (born 16 November 1953) is a retired international football referee from Thailand. He is best known for refereeing the 1997 FIFA Confederations Cup Final and two matches in the 1998 FIFA World Cup in France; the Norway-Morocco and Paraguay-Nigeria matches in the first round. He also officiated at the 1995 FIFA Women's World Cup, the 1996 Olympic tournament in Atlanta, the 1996 AFC Asian Cup, and eight matches in 1998 World Cup qualifiers.
# Kotlovka District

Kotlovka District (Russian: райо́н Котловка) is an administrative district (raion) of South-Western Administrative Okrug, and one of the 125 raions of Moscow, Russia. The area of the district is 3.865 square kilometers (1.492 sq mi). Population: 54,200 (2017 est.).
# Line of flight

A line of flight or a line of escape (French: ligne de fuite) is a concept developed by Gilles Deleuze and Félix Guattari in their work Capitalism and Schizophrenia. It describes one out of three lines forming what Deleuze and Guattari call assemblages, and serves as a factor in an assemblage that ultimately allows it to change and adapt to said changes, which can be associated with new sociological, political and psychological factors. Translator Brian Massumi notes that in French, "Fuite covers not only the act of fleeing or eluding but also flowing, leaking, and disappearing into the distance (the vanishing point in a painting is a point de fuite). It has no relation to flying."
In the first chapter of the second volume of their Capitalism and Schizophrenia project, A Thousand Plateaus (1980), the concept is used to define a "rhizome":
   Multiplicities are defined by the outside: by the abstract line, the line of flight or deterritorialization according to which they change in nature and connect with other multiplicities. The plane of consistency (grid) is the outside of all multiplicities. The line of flight marks: the reality of a finite number of dimensions that the multiplicity effectively fills; the impossibility of a supplementary dimension, unless the multiplicity is transformed by the line of flight; the possibility and necessity of flattening all of the multiplicities on a single plane of consistency or exteriority, regardless of their number of dimensions.

## Use by Manuel De Landa

In Manuel De Landa's book Intensive Science and Virtual Philosophy, the line of flight is described as an operator which transcends the actual and ascends to the virtual. It is used as a synonym with Deleuze's terms "dark precursor" (from his book Difference and Repetition (1968)), "desiring machine" and "quasi-cause" (both from the first volume of Capitalism and Schizophrenia, Anti-Œdipus (1972)).
# Music roll

A music roll (French: Rouleau à musique) is a storage medium used to operate a mechanical musical instrument. They are used for the player piano, mechanical organ, electronic carillon and various types of orchestrion. The vast majority of music rolls are made of paper. Other materials that have been utilized include thin card (Imhof-system), thin sheet brass (Telektra-system), composite multi-layered electro-conductive aluminium and paper roll (Triste-system) and, in the modern era, thin plastic or PET film.
The music data is stored by means of perforations. The mechanism of the instrument reads these as the roll unwinds, using a pneumatic, mechanical or electrical sensing device called a tracker bar, and the mechanism subsequently plays the instrument.
After a roll is played, it is necessary for it to be rewound before it can be played again. This necessitates a break in a musical performance. To overcome this problem, some instruments were built with two player mechanisms (referred to as a duplex roll mechanism) allowing one roll to play while the other rewinds.
A piano roll is a specific type of music roll, and is designed to operate an automatic piano like the player piano or the reproducing piano.
* Selecting a paper roll of music.
* Music roll in place showing a pattern of holes representing notes.
* Tracker bar, which reads the punched music roll.
* Each hole is connected to a valve in the interior of the organ which operates the organ pipes such as these wooden ones.
* Duplex roll mechanism of a Wurlitzer 153 band organ
# Athletics at the 1966 British Empire and Commonwealth Games – Men's 20 miles walk

The men's 20 miles walk event at the 1966 British Empire and Commonwealth Games was held on 5 August in Kingston, Jamaica. It was the first time that racewalking was held at the Games.

## Results

Results :
| Rank | Name | Nationality | Time |
| | Ron Wallwork | England | 2:44:43 |
| | Ray Middleton | England | 2:45:19 |
| | Norman Read | New Zealand | 2:46:29 |
| 4 | Don Thompson | England | 2:46:43 |
| 5 | Alexander Oakley | Canada | 2:54:26 |
| 6 | Felix Cappella | Canada | 2:57:22 |
| 7 | Phillip Bannan | Isle of Man | 3:06:12 |
| 8 | Albert Johnson | Isle of Man | 3:08:06 |
| 9 | Roy Hart | Wales | 3:15:03 |
| 10 | Libert Valentine | Trinidad and Tobago | 3:22:26 |
| | Frank Clark | Australia | DNF |
| | Richard Gawne | Isle of Man | DNF |
# Minerva (Fra Bartolomeo)

Minerva is an oil-on-panel painting created c. 1490–1495 by the Italian Renaissance painter Fra Bartolomeo, now in the Louvre in Paris. It forms a pair with Porcia (Uffizi).

## Attribution

The work was first recorded in 1942 in an antiques shop in Toulouse, at which time it was attributed to Lorenzo Costa. Three years later it was acquired by France's Réunion des Musées Nationaux as a work by an anonymous French artist, reattributed to Perréal and assigned to the Musée de Moulins.
In 1963, Charles Sterling researched the work, removing the attribution to Perréal and instead assigned it to the Emilian Renaissance. He was also the first to link it back to Porcia (then thought to be a Saint Agnes or Virgin of the Annunciation from the circle of Lorenzo di Credi or of Franciabigio), which Sterling happened to have seen at the Istituto Centrale del Restauro in Rome.
Minerva was reassigned yet again to a Florentine painter in 1967, the same year as it was moved to the Louvre's stores. It formed part of an exhibition in 1982, for which Sylvie Béguin reattributed it to Fra Bartolomeo's youth. However, it to took until its inclusion in the Il Giardino di San Marco exhibition in 1992 for this attribution to be definitively confirmed.

## Description and style

The goddess Minerva appears in a niche, showing her attributes, the helmet, the classical armor, the spear and the shield decorated with the Medusa, as well as the sword tied to her belt. The painting was believed to be part of a series dedicated to illustrious women, perhaps destined to decorate a room of a private palace.
The figure takes a step forward, towards the viewer, coming out of the niche. The composition is very balanced, with an accentuated sense of the volume of the figure, obtained through glazes and chromatic combinations of great finesse, referable to the painter's early youthful phase.
# Mansoura, Cyprus

Mansoura (Greek: Μανσούρα) is an abandoned village in the UN Buffer Zone near Kokkina, Cyprus.
# The Rude Boys

The Rude Boys is a 1990s R&B/vocal group from Cleveland, Ohio, known for their 1991 hit single "Written All Over Your Face". The group consisted of Larry Marcus, Melvin Sephus, and brothers Edward Lee "Buddy" Banks and Joe Little III.
In 2019, The Rude Boys were inducted into the National Rhythm & Blues Hall of Fame in Detroit, Michigan.
Marcus died in October 2016, and Banks in December 2020.

## Discography
### Studio albums

* Rude Awakening (1990)
* Rude House (1992)
* Rude as Ever (1997)

### Singles

| Year | Single | Peak chart positions | Peak chart positions | Certifications(sales threshold) | Album |
| Year | Single | US | US R&B | Certifications(sales threshold) | Album |
| 1990 | "Come On Let's Do It" | — | 38 | | Rude Awakening |
| 1991 | "Written All Over Your Face" | 16 | 1 | | Rude Awakening |
| 1991 | "Are You Lonely For Me" | — | 1 | | Rude Awakening |
| 1991 | "Heaven" | — | 15 | | Rude Awakening |
| 1992 | "My Kinda Girl" | — | 4 | | Rude House |
| 1992 | "Go Ahead and Cry" | — | 43 | | Rude House |
| 1997 | "Nothing to One" | — | 74 | | Rude as Ever |
| "—" denotes releases that did not chart ||||||

## Awards and nominations

* 1991 Billboard Music Awards — No. 1 R&B Single of the Year ("Written All Over Your Face")
* National Rhythm & Blues Hall of Fame (2019)
# Edmond Kramer

Edmond Kramer (8 December 1906 – April 1945) was a Swiss footballer who competed in the 1924 Summer Olympics. He was a member of the Swiss team, which won the silver medal in the football tournament.
# Quodvultdeus

Quodvultdeus (Latin for "what God wills", died c. 450 AD) was a fifth-century Church Father and Bishop of Carthage who was exiled to Naples. He was known to have been living in Carthage around 407 and became a deacon in 421 AD. He corresponded with Augustine of Hippo, who served as Quodvultdeus' spiritual teacher. Augustine also dedicated some of his writings to Quodvultdeus.
Quodvultdeus was exiled when Carthage was captured by the Vandals led by King Gaiseric, who followed Arianism. Tradition states that he and other churchmen (such as Gaudiosus of Naples) were loaded onto leaky ships that landed at Naples around 439 AD and Quodvultdeus established himself in Italy. He would go on to convert dozens of Arian Goths to the orthodox Christian faith during his lifetime.
One of the mosaic burial portraits in the Galleria dei Vescovi in the Catacombs of San Gennaro depicts Quodvultdeus.

## Writings

None of the surviving writings by Quodvultdeus were transmitted under his name. While Liber promissionum et praedicatorum Dei was attributed to Prosper of Aquitaine already in the 6th century, Quodvultdeus's sermons came down to us in Augustinian collections. In 1914 Germain Morin was the first to suppose that 12 sermons by Pseudo-Augustine were actually written by Quodvultdeus. In 1920 Desiderius Franses showed this hypothesis to be highly plausible.

### List of writings

* Liber promissionum et praedicatorum Dei ("Book of promises and predictions of God")
* Thirteen sermons:
* Contra iudaeos, paganos et arrianos ("Against Jews, Pagans and Arians")
* Adversus quinque haereses ("On five heresies")
* De symbolo I ("On the creed I")
* De symbolo II ("On the creed II")
* De symbolo III ("On the creed III")
* De quattuor virtutibus caritatis ("On the four virtues of love")
* De cantico novo ("On the new song")
* De ultima quarta feria ("On the last Wednesday")
* De cataclismo ("On the cataclysm")
* De tempore barbarico I ("On barbaric times I")
* De accedentibus ad gratiam I ("On the approach to grace I")
* De accedentibus ad gratiam II ("On the approach to grace II")
* De tempore barbarico II ("On barbaric times II")
* Two letters to Augustine (Ep. CCXXI and CCXXIII)

## Editions and Translations

* René Braun: Opera Quodvultdeo Carthagiensi Episcopo Tributa (CCSL 60). Brepols, Turnhout 1976.
* René Braun: Quodvultdeus. Livre des promesses et des prédictions de Dieu (SC 101-102). Éditions du Cerf, Paris 1964.
* Quodvultdeus of Carthage. The Creedal Homilies, translation and commentary by Thomas Macy Finn, 2004 (ACW 60). ISBN 9780809105724
# Samagar

Samagar, also Cemakar, was a Mongol general of the Il-Khan ruler Abaqa Khan (1234–1282), mentioned as leading a Mongol invasion force in 1271, in attempted coordination with the Ninth Crusade.

## Background

Little is known about Samagar, but he is mentioned in the context of attempted collaborative operations of the Mongols and the Crusaders.
In 1269, the English Prince Edward (the future Edward I), had led a small force to the Holy Land as part of the Ninth Crusade. When he arrived in Acre on May 9, 1271, the situation in the Holy Land was particularly critical, as the Mamluk leader Baibars was besieging the Frankish noble Bohemond VI in the city of Tripoli.

## Samagar's campaign

As soon as Edward arrived in Acre, he immediately sent an embassy to the Mongol ruler Abaqa Khan, leader of the southwestern Ilkhanate. Edward's plan was to use the help of the Mongols to attack Baibars. Abaqa answered positively to Edward's request in a letter dated September 4, 1271:
   "After talking over the matter, we have on our account resolved to send to your aid Cemakar (Samaghar) at the head of a mighty force; thus, when you discuss among yourselves the other plans involving the afore-mentioned Cemakar be sure to make explicit arrangements as to the exact month and day on which you will engage the enemy."
In mid-October 1271, the Mongol troops under Samaghar arrived in Syria and ravaged the land from Aleppo southward. Abaqa, occupied by other conflicts in Turkestan, had only sent a minimal force of 10,000 Mongol horsemen under Samagar from the occupation army in Seljuk Anatolia, plus auxiliary Seljukid troops. However, the Mongol advance triggered an exodus of Muslim populations (who remembered the previous campaigns of Kitbuqa) as far south as Cairo. The Mongols defeated the Turcoman troops that protected Aleppo, putting to flight the Mamluk garrison in that city, and continued their advance to Maarat an-Numan and Apamea.
The Mongols stayed only briefly, and never combined forces with Edward. When Baibars mounted a counter-offensive from Egypt on November 12, 1271, the Mongols under Samagar had already retreated beyond the Euphrates With the Loot, unable to face the full Mamluk army. Edward returned to England in September, 1272.
Samagar later expressed his willingness to the Mamluk Sultan Qalawun that he could help him negotiate terms with Abaqa.

## Coup

According to Marco Polo, Samagar was one of Mongol nobles who assisted Arghun's escape from the captivity of Ahmed Tekuder. Buqa noyan persuaded him and others to help Arghun. Tekuder was defeated by Arghun's army, and eventually executed on August 10, 1284.
# Manpidimangalam

Manpidimangalam is a village in Trichy district which inherits its name from the epic "Ramayana". It located from 10 km northwest towards Trichy in Tamil Nadu. The major occupation of the people who belong to this village are cultivating plantains and paddy. Most of the area is covered with fields. The name of this village derives its name from "Ramayana". There is a myth among people that this was the place where Lord Rama catches the magical deer.
* This article related to a location in Tiruchirapalli district, Tamil Nadu, India is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
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# Torshkuh, Gilan

Torshkuh (Persian: ترشكوه, also Romanized as Torshkūh) is a village in Rahimabad Rural District, Rahimabad District, Rudsar County, Gilan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 594, in 151 families.
# Emil Richli

Emil Richli (24 October 1904 – 13 May 1934) was a Swiss cyclist. He competed in the team pursuit at the 1924 Summer Olympics.
# Ernst von Gunten

Ernst von Gunten (28 July 1921 – 8 November 2010) was a Swiss sprinter who competed in the 1952 Summer Olympics. He died in November 2010 at the age of 89.
# Keshit Castle

Keshit castle (Persian: قلعه کشیت) is a historical castle located in Kerman County in Kerman Province, The longevity of this fortress dates back to the Seljuk Empire.
# Eugène de Kalbermatten

Eugène de Kalbermatten (1914–1983) was a Swiss footballer who played for FC Sion, FC Basel and Cantonal Neuchatel in the 1930s and 1940s. He played as a goalkeeper.
Coming from Sion de Kalbermatten joined Basel's first team in 1935. He played his domestic league debut for his new club in the away game on 8 December 1935 as Basel played a 1–1 draw against Lugano.
De Kalbermatten played four years for Basel. He was the regular goalkeeper during his first three years at the club. In the season 1938/39 the team suffered relegation to the 1 Liga, but during this season de Kalbermatten played only three league matches and two cup games. Therefore, to gain more playing experience he moved on to Cantonal Neuchatel. Between the years 1935 and 1939 de Kalbermatten played a total of 90 games for Basel. 66 of these games were in the Nationalliga, six in the Swiss Cup and 18 were friendly games.
After his four seasons with Basel, de Kalbermatten moved on to Cantonal Neuchatel. He stayed here for eight seasons in which he played 72 league games before ending his active football.