OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Adam Wise

Group Captain Adam Nugent Wise, LVO, MBE (1 August 1943 – 14 February 2008) was a pilot, Equerry to Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II, and Private Secretary and Equerry to Prince Andrew and Prince Edward from 1983 to 1987.

## Early life

Born on 1 August 1943, Wise was the son of Conservative MP Roy Wise. He was educated at university (receiving a Bachelor of Arts), and the RAF College Cranwell from late 1964.

## Royal Air Force service

Wise was a flight cadet at RAF Cranwell when he was commissioned pilot officer on 17 December 1965. He qualified as a pilot and was promoted to flying officer on 17 June 1966, and then flight lieutenant on 1 July 1968. He served with No. 21 Squadron RAF flying from RAF Khormaksar until 1968. He was appointed a Member of the Order of the British Empire in January 1977.
Wise qualified as a First Class Interpreter, and attended the Joint Service Defence College. He was promoted squadron leader on 1 January 1978, and posted to command the University of Wales Air Squadron until 1983, flying Scottish Aviation Bulldogs.
As a squadron leader, Wise was Equerry to The Queen from 1980 to 21 October 1983. Following his service, he was appointed a Lieutenant of the Royal Victorian Order in October 1983. He was then appointed Private Secretary and Equerry to Prince Andrew and Prince Edward from 21 October 1983, until 1 August 1987. On 1 July 1984 he was promoted to wing commander.
On 16 December 1983 he married Jill Amabel Alington, daughter of Cyril Geoffrey Marmaduke Alington of Swinhope (in West Lindsey, Lincolnshire), and Helen Amabel née Westmacott, with whom he had two children, Sophia Katherine Cassandra and Alexander Geoffrey Roy.
From 30 March 1988 he was on the staff of the RAF College, Cranwell, and on 17 November 1989 he became Director of the University Air Squadrons. He was promoted to group captain on 1 July 1990, and was Station Commander of RAF Benson from 1992 to 1994. On 18 November 1991, he was appointed Aide-de-Camp to The Queen a role he fulfilled until 10 December 1993.
He served as a company director at 16 SUTHERLAND STREET LIMITED from 31 January 1992 to 14 February 2008.
Wise served as Military and Air Attaché at the British Embassy in Madrid, Spain, from 1993 to 1997 and retired on 1 August 1998.

## Later years

Wise died on 14 February 2008 at Royal Hampshire County Hospital.
# Paddy Bourke

Paddy Bourke may refer to:
* Paddy Bourke (footballer) (1883–1930), Australian rules footballer
* Paddy Bourke (politician), Irish politician
# Zherebtsovo, Kursk Oblast

Zherebtsovo (Russian: Жеребцово) is a rural locality (Russian: деревня, lit. 'village') in Polyansky Selsoviet Rural Settlement, Kursky District, Kursk Oblast, Russia. Population: 226 (2010 Census); 242 (2002 Census);

## Geography

The village is located on the Bolshaya Kuritsa River (a right tributary of the Seym River), 80 km from the Russia–Ukraine border, 13 km west of Kursk, 4.5 km from the selsoviet center – Polyanskoye.

### Climate

Zherebtsovo has a warm-summer humid continental climate (Dfb in the Köppen climate classification).

## Transport

Zherebtsovo is located 6.5 km from the federal route M-2 Crimea Highway (a part of the European route E105), 5 km from the road of intermunicipal significance 38H-197 (M2 "Crimea Highway" – Polyanskoye – border of the Oktyabrsky District), on the road 38H-199 (38N-197 – Pimenovo), 7 km from the nearest railway station Dyakonovo (railway line Lgov I — Kursk).
The rural locality is situated 21 km from Kursk Vostochny Airport, 124 km from Belgorod International Airport and 224 km from Voronezh Peter the Great Airport.
# SND

SND, or snd, may refer to:
* Scottish National Dictionary
* Serbian National Defense Council, a Serbian diaspora activist organization
* Sinus node dysfunction
* Slovak National Theatre (Slovenské národné divadlo)
* SND Arena, an indoor multi-use venue in Asunción, Paraguay
* SND (band), a Sheffield-based electronic music duo
* SND Experiment (particle physics)
* SND Films, film distributor
* snd, the ISO 639-2 and ISO 639-3 codes for the Sindhi language
* SND, the National Rail code for Sandhurst railway station in the county of Berkshire, UK
* SND, the post-nominal letters of a Sister of Notre Dame de Namur
* SND, the post-nominal letters of a Sister of Notre Dame of Coesfeld
* Society for News Design
* Various digital sound file formats using the .snd extension
* Search and Destroy as a gamemode predominantly in first-person shooter titles; the formatting used is often "SnD".
# Albert Buttigieg

Albert Buttigieg is a Maltese politician from the Nationalist Party. In 2022, he was elected to the Parliament of Malta in District 10 in a by-election succeeding Robert Arrigo who had died. He is currently the Shadow Minister for the Family and Social Security.
He was formerly the Mayor of St. Julian's.

## Education and early career

After completing compulsory education, Albert Buttigieg obtained degrees in Philosophy (1985-1983) and Theology (1985-1987). He later obtained a Diploma in Pastoral Care and became a Roman Catholic priest in 1989. During this time he used to teach at De La Salle College and was a Director of a Youth Centre in Kalkara.
During 1995-2002 he was vice parish priest for the town of San Gwann. He was also responsible for the initiatives for senior citizens and disabled persons within the same locality. As an appreciation for the services rendered, in June 2001, the San Gwann local council awarded him ‘Mertu San Gwann', which is an award of merit.
Albert Buttigieg left the priesthood in 2001, but continued to work and serve within the local community. During 2001-2004, he was a Lecturer at the University of Malta lecturing at the Faculty of Education and Faculty of Theology. Between 2005 and 2007, he also lectured at MCAST.

## Deputy Mayor and Mayor of St. Julians

Albert Buttigieg served as the Deputy Mayor of St. Julians during 2014-2019. He was later elected and appointed as Mayor within the same town. He served as the Mayor of St. Julians from 2019 till 2023.

## Political career

In 2022, Albert Buttigeg was elected in a by-election as a Member of Parliament for District 10 with the Nationalist Party.
In January 2024, opposition leader Bernard Grech appointed Buttigieg as the Shadow Minister for the Family and Social Security.
# Kardhikaq

Kardhikaq (Albanian definite form: Kardhikaqi; Greek: Γαρδικάκι; romanized: Gardikáki) is a small village in Vlorë County, southern Albania. At the 2015 local government reform it became part of the municipality of Finiq. It is inhabited by a mix population of Greeks and Aromanians.

## Demographics

According to Ottoman statistics, the village had 164 inhabitants in 1895. In 1993, the village had a mix population of Greeks and Aromanians, numbering 215 inhabitants.
# Synaphea media

Synaphea media is a shrub endemic to Western Australia.
The erect and multi-stemmed shrub typically grows to a height of 0.25 to 0.6 metres (1 to 2 ft). It blooms August and October producing yellow flowers.
It is found along the south coast in the Great Southern and Goldfields-Esperance regions of Western Australia where it grows in sandy soils over granite.
# The Danube Pilot

The Danube Pilot (French: Le Pilote du Danube) is a novel by Jules Verne.
It was first published in 1908, three years after his death, and like most of the books published posthumously, had been extensively revised by his son, Michel. Part of the Voyages Extraordinaires series, it recounts the adventures of the lead character, Serge Ladko, a prize winner in the Danubian League of Amateur Fishermen, as he travels down the river. Jules' original title for this story was "Le Beau Danube Jaune". The original novel was published by Jules Verne Society (Société Jules Verne) in 1988.
# Đuro Šurmin

Đuro Šurmin (4 September, 1867 – 22 March, 1937) was a Croatian literary historian and politician.

## Biography

He was born in Sišćani. He studied Slavic Studies, Classical Studies, and philosophy at the Faculty of Philosophy in Zagreb since 1890, receiving a Ph.D. in 1897 with a thesis titled Riječi muškoga roda â-osnova u hrvatskom jeziku (Â-stem Words of Masculine Gender in Croatian). There, he worked as a teaching apprentice in Croatian and Serbian literature beginning in 1899, becoming a regular professor in 1906, and then serving as the dean between 1907 and 1908. In 1908, he temporarily retired, in 1910 reemployed, and, in 1921, permanently retired. He died in Zagreb in 1937.

## Political engagement

Šurmin was actively involved in politics. Since 1906 he served as a parliamentarian for the Croatian People's Progressive Party, supporting the Croat-Serb Coalition until 1917. In 1914–1922 he was the city councilor of Zagreb. In the National Council of the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes he belonged to the non-partisan group of politicians who rallied around the newspapers Male novine, serving as a commissioner for commerce, trade and industry. In the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes he was originally a member of the Advanced Democratic Party, then in the period 1919–1924 as member of the Croatian Community, and finally in 1925 founding the uninfluential Croatian People's Party. In 1920 he was elected to the Constituent Assembly and served as the Minister for Social Affairs, and also later as the Minister of Trade and Industry (1924–1925). His political activity in the 1930s was tied with the regime. He was particularly active in various economic bodies, such as being the President of the People's Bank for Savings and Loans in 1925–1935.

## Work

His scientific work was in the fields of history of literature, history and philology:
* Povjest književnosti hrvatske i srpske (History of Croatian and Serbian Literature, 1898)
* Iz zajedničke književne prošlosti Bosne i Slavonije (From the Common Literary Past of Bosnia and Slavonia, 1901)
* Hrvatski preporod I–II (Croatian Revival, 1903–1904)
* Stvaranje Srbije (The Creation of Serbia, 1921)
* Osnovke ugovora u Londonu 1915. (The Principles of the 1915 Treaty of London, 1928)
* Vojska i hrvatska politika 1915. god. (The Army and Croatian Politics in 1915, 1932)
As part of the Monumenta historico-juridica Slavorum meridionalium project he prepared a collection of medieval, predominantly Glagolitic monuments, which were published as Hrvatski spomenici (Croatian Monuments, 1898). His legacy is preserved in the Croatian State Archives in Zagreb.
# Kurt Büttner

Kurt Büttner (14 February 1881, Leipzig - 1 April 1967, Zwickau) was a German entomologist who specialised in Heteroptera.
Kurt Büttner was also a physician.

## Works

Partial list
* Büttner, K. and Wetzel C (1904): Die Heteropterenfauna Westsachsens. Faun. Abh. Staatl. Mus. Tierkund. Dresden, H. 2, : 59–100.
* Büttner, K. (1964): Beiträge zur Zikadenfauna von Westsachsen. Veröff. Naturk.-Mus. Zwickau 4, Sonderh. 2: 3-23.
* Büttner, K. (1959): Die Tierwelt des Naturschutzgebietes Wulmer Hang bei Zwickau Veröff. Naturkundemus. Zwickau 3, Sonderh. 1: 1-40.
His collections of Heteroptera, Coleoptera and Hymenoptera from Saxony are in the Staatliches Museum für Tierkunde Dresden
* This article about a German zoologist is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
# Action Party (Morocco)

The Action Party (French: Parti de l'Action) is a political party in Morocco. It is currently led by Mohammed El Idrissi.

## History and profile

The party was founded in 1974. In the parliamentary election, held on 7 September 2007, the party did not win any seats. In the 2011 parliamentary election, the PA won one seat.
# David Reuben (author)

David R. Reuben (born November 29, 1933) is a psychiatrist, and author. He is most famous for his book Everything You Always Wanted to Know About Sex* (*But Were Afraid to Ask).

## Early life

Reuben was born in Chicago, and entered the University of Chicago, at 15. Reuben was graduated from University of Illinois College of Medicine, at 25. He had only one year of a psychiatric residency, and no record of further training or specialty certification.

## Career

He worked at Cook County Hospital, then the United States Air Force, then opened a clinic in La Presa, California. He let his California license lapse in 1976.
Reuben was a frequent guest on The Tonight Show with Johnny Carson. Jack Benny's "Everything you always wanted to know about Jack Benny, but were afraid to ask" featured Reuben.
The National Academy of Sciences filed a $35-million libel suit against Reuben.

## Works

He changed his name, from Rubin to Reuben. shortly before writing Everything, published in 1969. That book inspired a film by Woody Allen, Everything You Always Wanted to Know About Sex* (*But Were Afraid to Ask) (1972).
Reuben also authored other books about sex, such as Any Woman Can! and How to Get More out of Sex, as well as about diet and nutrition. These books suggest we should live by these three principles: Eat no refined sugar, eat no white flour, and do not take vitamin pills or other supplements. His book The Save Your Life Diet, promoted a high-fiber diet. Reuben suggested that a healthy diet involved the intake of natural fiber and reduction of cholesterol.
He also authored The Save Your Life Diet High-Fiber Cookbook, and Everything You Always Wanted to Know About Nutrition. The last book was written in the same style as his famous book Everything You Always Wanted to Know About Sex.

## Personal life

In 1999, Reuben and his wife Barbara lived in Costa Rica. In 1999, they were married for 37 years and had five children.
# Krasang district

Krasang (Thai: กระสัง, pronounced) is a district (amphoe) in the eastern part of Buriram province, northeastern Thailand.

## Geography

Neighboring districts are (from the south clockwise) Phlapphla Chai, Mueang Buriram, Huai Rat, Satuek of Buriram Province and Mueang Surin of Surin province.

## History

Originally part of tambon Song Chan of Mueang Buriram district, Krasang was made a tambon in 1937. On 26 April 1952 the three tambons Krasang, Song Chang, and Lamduan were placed together to form the minor district (king amphoe) Krasang. It was upgraded to a full district on 23 July 1958.

## Administration

The district is divided into 11 sub-districts (tambons), which are further subdivided into 167 villages (mubans). Krasang is a township (thesaban tambon) which covers parts of tambon Krasang. There are a further 11 tambon administrative organizations (TAO).
| No. | Name | Thai name | Villages | Pop. |
| 1. | Krasang | กระสัง | 21 | 15,150 |
| 2. | Lamduan | ลำดวน | 18 | 11,372 |
| 3. | Song Chan | สองชั้น | 17 | 11,929 |
| 4. | Sung Noen | สูงเนิน | 19 | 10,473 |
| 5. | Nong Teng | หนองเต็ง | 18 | 11,871 |
| 6. | Mueang Phai | เมืองไผ่ | 13 | 7,103 |
| 7. | Chum Saeng | ชุมแสง | 12 | 6,538 |
| 8. | Ban Prue | บ้านปรือ | 15 | 8,674 |
| 9. | Huai Samran | ห้วยสำราญ | 14 | 6,992 |
| 10. | Kantharom | กันทรารมย์ | 12 | 8,467 |
| 11. | Si Phum | ศรีภูมิ | 8 | 4,474 |
# Richard Fleming (bishop)

Richard Fleming (c. 1385 – 25 or 26 January 1431), Bishop of Lincoln and founder of Lincoln College, Oxford, was born at Crofton in Yorkshire.

## Biography

Fleming was descended from a gentry family. His aunt, Cecily Fleming had married Robert Waterton, 'Henry IV's esquire and right-hand man'. His nephew, Robert Flemming, was likely an illegitimate son of Robert Flemming, esquire, of Wath, near Ripon (d.1459).
Fleming was educated at University College, Oxford. Having taken his degrees, he was made prebendary of York in 1406, and the next year was junior proctor of the university. In 1409 he was appointed to the committee of twelve censors who were commissioned to examine the writings of John Wyclif and determine the heretical ideas they contained. Later that year he was accused of supporting some of Wyclif's errors in a public disputation, for which he incurred the censure of Archbishop Arundel. Fleming must have either been exonerated or renounced his supposed heresy because he was still a member of the committee of censors when its list of Wycliffe's errors was published in 1411 (Nighman, 2003, pp. 208–10).
Before 1415 Fleming was instituted to the rectory of Boston in Lincolnshire. He attended the Council of Constance from late 1416 to early 1418 where he delivered a number of sermons which survive, all of which reveal a strong concern for clerical reform (Nighman, 1997, 2000, 2003, 2008a, 2008b). He was nominated to the see of Lincoln by papal provision on 20 November 1419 and on 28 April 1420 he was consecrated as bishop of Lincoln by Martin V in Florence. He attended the Council of Pavia and Siena in 1428–1429 and, in the presence of the pope, reportedly made an eloquent speech in vindication of the rights of the English "nation" and in support of papal authority against the more radical proponents of conciliarism; this sermon apparently does not survive. It was probably on this occasion that he was named chamberlain to the pope.
In February 1424 the see of York being vacant, the pope conferred it on Fleming; but the regency council of the young king Henry VI refused to confirm the appointment, and Fleming resigned the appointment in July 1425. In 1427, Fleming obtained a royal licence empowering him to found a college at Oxford for the special purpose of training theologians to combat Wyclif's heresy. To Bishop Fleming was entrusted the execution of the decree of the Council of Constance for the exhumation and burning of Wycliffe's remains, though Fleming delayed fulfilling this duty for over a decade. He died at Sleaford, Lincolnshire, in January 1431. Although his foundation of Lincoln College, Oxford, was incomplete at the time of his death, the college's future was eventually secured and Fleming's manuscript books became the core collection of the collegiate library (de la Mare, 1962–3).

## Citations

* ↑ Clough 2004.
* ↑ Swanson 2004.
* ↑ Whitehead 2004.
* ↑ Fryde et al. 1996, p. 256.
* ↑ Fryde et al. 1996, p. 282.
# Sela pri Sobračah

Sela pri Sobračah (pronounced; formerly Selo pri Svetem Andreju, German: Selo bei Sankt Andrä) is a small settlement in the Municipality of Ivančna Gorica in central Slovenia. It lies northeast of Šentvid, just off the regional road northwards to Šmartno pri Litiji. The area is part of the historical region of Lower Carniola. The municipality is now included in the Central Slovenia Statistical Region.

## Name

The name of the settlement was changed from Selo pri Svetem Andreju (literally, 'Selo near Saint Andrew') to Sela pri Sobračah (literally, 'Sela near Sobrače') in 1952. The name was changed on the basis of the 1948 Law on Names of Settlements and Designations of Squares, Streets, and Buildings as part of efforts by Slovenia's postwar communist government to remove religious elements from toponyms. In the past the German name was Selo bei Sankt Andrä.
# FC Zimbru-2 Chișinău

FC Zimbru-2 Chișinău is a Moldovan football team, which acts as the reserve side of FC Zimbru.

## Honours

* Divizia A
    Winners (3): 1998–99, 2005–06, 2006–07
* Divizia B
    Winners (1): 1994–95
# Fritjof Lager

Karl Fritjof Lager (born October 1, 1905, Berga, Kronobergs län, died February 22, 1973) was a Swedish communist politician. Lager was born to a peasant family in Småland. He studied at Brunnsviks folkhögskola between 1926 and 1928. Lager was the party secretary of the Communist Party of Sweden 1933 to 1937, and 1948 to 1951. He held various editorial positions in the communist press. Lager represented the Communist Party in the city council of Stockholm 1946–1950.
# USNS Mission San Jose

SS Mission San Jose was a Type T2-SE-A2 tanker built for the United States Maritime Commission during World War II. After the war she was acquired by the United States Navy as USS Mission San Jose. Later the tanker transferred to the Military Sea Transportation Service as USNS Mission San Jose. She was a Mission Buenaventura-class oiler and was named for Mission San José, located in Fremont, California.

## Career

Mission San Jose was laid down 17 July 1943 under a Maritime Commission contract by Marine Ship Corporation, Sausalito, California; launched 7 October 1943; sponsored by Mrs. Robert L. Bridges and delivered 29 January 1944. Chartered to Pacific Tankers Inc. for operations, she spent the remainder of the war carrying fuel to Allied forces overseas. She served in this capacity until 3 May 1946, when she was returned to the Maritime Commission and laid up in the Maritime Reserve Fleet at Mobile, Alabama.
Acquired by the Navy on 5 November 1947, she was placed in service with the Naval Transportation Service as Mission San Jose (AO-125). After 1 October 1949, she was under the operational control of the new Military Sea Transportation Service (MSTS) as USNS Mission San Jose (T-AO-I25). She served with MSTS until 15 October 1957, when she was struck from the Naval Vessel Register and transferred to the Maritime Administration (MARAD) for lay up in the Maritime Reserve Fleet at Suisun Bay, California.
The ship was sold to the Hudson Waterways Corporation on 24 June 1966, and renamed Seatrain Ohio. She was subsequently lengthened using sections of two other T2 tankers, the Tomahawk and Mission San Diego, and rebuilt by Maryland Shipbuilding and Drydock Company into one of seven Seatrain Lines multi-purpose cargo ships capable of carrying general bulk and palletized cargo, intermodal containers, vehicles and rail cars. Upon completion of the conversion and delivery in 1967 Seatrain Ohio, IMO 6621234, was chartered to the MSTS in support of overseas U.S. military operations, including the transport of material, equipment and aircraft to Vietnam. The ship was transferred to the National Defense Reserve Fleet (James River) in November 1973 and on 8 August 1978, her name was changed to just Ohio. In 1990 Ohio was reactivated for service in support of the First Persian Gulf War and subsequently returned to the Reserve Fleet (Beaumont, Texas). The ship was retired and broken up in 2011.
# Palaiochori, Grevena

Palaiochori (Greek: Παλαιοχώρι) is a village and a community of the Grevena municipality, Greece. Before the 2011 local government reform it was a part of the municipality of Ventzio, of which it was a municipal district. The 2021 census recorded 188 residents in the village. The community of Palaiochori covers an area of 43.939 km$^2$.