OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Khumdon

Khumdon (Tajik: Хумдон, Russian: Хумдон; formerly Navdonak) is a village and jamoat in central Tajikistan. It is located in Nurobod District, one of the Districts of Republican Subordination.

## Geography

Khumdon is east of Dushanbe on the Pamir Highway, in the Vakhsh River valley and has a Köppen climate classification of Dsa and experiences wet and cold winters with dry cool summers. The town is both a river crossing and highway junction.

## History

During the 1920s the area was a hotbed for the Basmachi, the anti-Soviet resistance in Central Asia.
During the Civil War in Tajikistan from 1992 to 1997, the area was a hotbed for Islamist forces, and October 2010, the Tajik Interior Ministry asserted it had killed three militants nearby at Gharm amid an alleged rise in Islamic militancy in the region.
# Shaheed Benazir Bhutto University, Sheringal

Shaheed Benazir Bhutto University (SBBU) (Urdu: جامعہ شہید بینظیر بھٹو) is a public university located in the Sheringal region within the Upper Dir District of the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan. It was established in 2009 with a presidential order. The university was established by upgrading the sub-campus of the University of Malakand having Forestry department and Phytochemistry laboratories. Ms Shazia Khushdil, Mr. Khansher, Ms, Shazia Ahmad and Mr Naveed Anjum were the pioneers of sub-campus and the only forestry department was there along with the University Public School and College and a project on medicinal plant. Ms Shazia Khushdil and Ms Shazia Ahmad are the first women in the history of Dir Upper who started university education in Dir Upper.. This is because of them that later in 2009, it became Shaheed Benazir Bhutto University Sheringal, Dir upper. Mr. Badshah Hussain was the first registrar and Dr Jahandar Shah was its first Vice Chancellor. The university provides degrees in various subjects including Computer Science, Pharmacy, Geology, Forestry, Chemistry and Biotechnology.

## History and background

In 2001, the University of Malakand was established in the Lower Dir district. But sensing the need of the people of Dir Upper, the then Governor of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa issued directives on 3 October 2002 for the establishment of Campus-II of the Malakand University at the Sheringal region in Upper Dir. His Excellency General (Rt) Syed Iftikhar Hussain Shah formally inaugurated the campus-II to enable the people to get a better education at their doorstep. Sheringal Campus became a full-fledged University "Shaheed Benazir Bhutto University" on 6 October 2009, under the Regulation 2009, recommended by his Excellencies, the Governor Khyber PakhtunKhwa and approved by the President of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan.
The university is located in Sheringal, the administrative headquarter and business hub of the valley of Dir Kohistan, on the bank of Panjkora River at a distance of about 35 km from Dir city and 25 km from the Chukiyatan bridge.
# Gyeongheo

Kyong Ho Seonsa (Korean: 경허선사; Hanja: 鏡虛禪師; 1849–1912) was a famous Korean Sŏn master, and the 75th Patriarch of Korean Sŏn. His original name was Song Tonguk (송동욱; 宋東旭); and his dharma name was Sŏng’u (성우; 惺牛). He is known as the reviver of modern Korean Sŏn Buddhism. Song Tonguk was born in southern Korea (Chŏnju, Chŏlla province), and entered the sangha at the age of nine in 1857. He ordained at Ch'ŏnggye monastery located at Uiwang, in Kyŏnggi province. The young monk studied under the tutelage of Kyehŏ–sŏnsa. When he was 14, in 1862, Kyehŏ–sŏnsa disrobed and sent Kyŏnghŏ–sŏnsa to Manhwa–sŏnsa for further study at Tonghak–sa. Kyŏnghŏ soon distinguished himself as a sūtra-lecturer until a dramatic incident took place in 1879 while Kyŏnghŏ was travelling to Seoul to meet his previous teacher Kyehŏ–sŏnsa. On the way he entered a village looking for shelter from a rainstorm and discovered that every inhabitant of the village had died from an epidemic. Kyŏnghŏ came to understand that his knowledge of Buddhist sūtras did not help him with the issues of life and death. When Kyŏnghŏ returned to his monastery, he summarily dismissed all of his students and began serious Sŏn meditation practice. The kongan he worked with was Master Lingyun’s (771-853) “The donkey is not yet done and the horse has already arrived.” He suddenly understood the meaning of his kongan when he was reading the words, “Even though I should become a cow, there will be no nostrils.” Kyŏnghŏ attained enlightenment on November 15, 1887. After his awakening, Kyŏnghŏ wrote:
Upon hearing that there are no nostrils, I realize the whole world is my home; on the path under the Yŏnam mountain in June, people in the fields enjoy the day, singing the song of good harvest.
Kyŏnghŏ now devoted himself to teaching Sŏn at various monasteries including Pŏmŏ–sa, Haein–sa and Sŏnggwang–sa until his disappearance in 1905. His activities from 1905 until his death in 1912 are not clear. Some claim that he wandered around in the northern part of Korea as a beggar; and other sources report that he lived a life of a layperson, letting his hair grow and teaching Confucian classics.
Kyŏnghŏ's role in Korean Buddhism is great because his main disciples, Suwŏl–sŏnsa (1855–1928), Hyewŏl–sŏnsa (1861–1937), Man’gong–sŏnsa (1871–1946), and Hanam–sŏnsa (1876–1951) were extremely important in the transmission of the dharma. Kyŏnghŏ is recognized as the founder of modern Korean Sŏn Buddhism: he revived Jinul’s idea of kanhwa Sŏn and also lived the life of a bodhisattva with his unobstructed actions, in the manner of his distant predecessor Wŏnhyo (617-686). Kyŏnghŏ was also a great proponent of teaching lay Buddhists Sŏn meditation, which was revolutionary because he both devoted himself to meditation in a hermitage and also lived among lay Buddhists in the secular world. Kyŏnghŏ’s unconventional lifestyle and eccentric character brought him some criticism as well as fame amongst the followers of the "wild freedom" style Sŏn masters.
# Dash Bolagh-e Barzand

Dash Bolagh-e Barzand (Persian: داشبلاغ برزند, also Romanized as Dāsh Bolāgh-e Barzand; also known as Dāsh Bolāgh) is a village in Pain Barzand Rural District, Anguti District, Germi County, Ardabil Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 18, in 4 families.
# Mesothen epimetheus

Mesothen epimetheus is a moth of the subfamily Arctiinae. It was described by William Schaus in 1892. It is found in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
# Mesothen flavicostata

Mesothen flavicostata is a moth of the subfamily Arctiinae. It was described by Herbert Druce in 1906. It is found in Peru.
# General Justo José de Urquiza Airport

General Justo José de Urquiza Airport (Spanish: Aeropuerto de Entre Ríos "General Justo José de Urquiza") (IATA: PRA, ICAO: SAAP) is located on the southeast side of Paraná, a city in the Entre Ríos Province of Argentina. The airport covers an area of 425 hectares (1,050 acres) and is operated by Aeropuertos Argentina 2000. The airport is named for Justo José de Urquiza, president of the Argentine Confederation from 1854 to 1860.
The Argentine Air Force Second Air Brigade, Paraná is based on the north side of the airport, while the public terminal facilities are on the west side.

## Airlines and destinations

| Airlines | Destinations |
| Aerolíneas Argentinas | Buenos Aires–Aeroparque |

## Statistics

Traffic by calendar year. Official ACI Statistics :
| | Passengers | Change from previous year | Aircraft operations | Change from previous year | Cargo (metric tons) | Change from previous year |
| 2005 | 3,955 | 68.56% | 3,940 | 2.36% | 4 | 100.00% |
| 2006 | 6,208 | 56.97% | 3,560 | 9.64% | 13 | 225.00% |
| 2007 | 4,152 | 33.12% | 3,120 | 12.36% | 2 | 84.62% |
| 2008 | 12,647 | 204.60% | 4,766 | 52.76% | 20 | 900.00% |
| 2009 | 10,754 | 14.97% | 4,053 | 14.96% | 17 | 15.00% |
| 2010 | 9,117 | 15.22% | 4,771 | 17.72% | N.A. | N.A. |
| Source: Airports Council International. World Airport Traffic Statistics (Years 2005-2010) |||||||
# Severo-Yeniseysky District

Severo-Yeniseysky District (Russian: Се́веро-Енисе́йский райо́н) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the forty-three in Krasnoyarsk Krai, Russia. It is located in the center of the krai and borders with Evenkiysky District in the northwest, north, and east, Motyginsky District in the southeast, and with Yeniseysky District in the southwest and west. The area of the district is 47,242 square kilometers (18,240 sq mi). Its administrative center is the urban locality (an urban-type settlement) of Severo-Yeniseysky. Population: 11,119 (2010 Census); 11,077 (2002 Census); 17,163 (1989 Soviet census). The population of Severo-Yeniseysky accounts for 62.5% of the district's total population.

## History

The district was founded on April 1, 1932.

## Government

As of 2013, the Head of the district and the Chairman of the District Council is Ishmurat M. Gaynutdinov.
# Hans Suess

Hans Eduard Suess (December 16, 1909 – September 20, 1993) was an Austrian-born American physical chemist and nuclear physicist. He was a grandson of the Austrian geologist Eduard Suess.

## Career

Suess earned his Ph.D. in chemistry from the University of Vienna in 1935 under the supervision of Philipp Gross. During World War II, he was part of a team of German scientists studying nuclear power and was advisor to the production of heavy water in a Norwegian plant (see Operation Gunnerside).
After the war, he collaborated on the shell model of the atomic nucleus with future (1963) Nobel Prize winner Hans Jensen.
In 1950, Suess emigrated to the United States. He did research in the field of cosmochemistry, investigating the abundance of certain elements in meteorites with Harold Urey (Nobel Prize in Chemistry, 1934) at the University of Chicago. In 1955, Suess was recruited for the faculty of Scripps Institution of Oceanography, and in 1958 he became one of the four founding faculty members of the University of California, San Diego. He remained at UCSD as professor until 1977 and as emeritus professor thereafter. He established a laboratory at UCSD for carbon-14 determinations, where he trained students including Ellen R.M. Druffel, now the Fred Kavli Professor of Earth System Science at University of California, Irvine.
Suess's most recent research was focused on the distribution of carbon-14 and tritium in the oceans and atmosphere. On basis of radiocarbon analyses of annual growth-rings of trees he contributed to
* the calibration of the radiocarbon dating scale, and
* the study of the magnitude of the dilution of atmospheric radiocarbon by carbon dioxide from fossil fuels burned since the industrial revolution. This dilution is known as the Suess effect (see articles about the anthropogenic greenhouse effect).
The mineral suessite, a Fe, Ni-silicide in Enstatit-Chondrites, is named after him.

## Death

On September 20, 1993, Suess died in a La Jolla retirement home.

## Name confusion

Suess was frequently confused—by the US Postal Service among others—with a contemporary, the famed children's writer Dr. Seuss (Theodor Seuss Geisel), when both men resided in La Jolla, California. The two names have been posthumously linked as well: both men's personal papers are housed in Geisel Library at the University of California, San Diego.
# Koh-e-Taftan railway station

Koh-e-Taftan Railway Station (Urdu: کوہ تفتان اسٹیشن , Balochi: کوہی تفتان اسٹیشن) (or Kūh-i-Taftān) is a railway station in Taftan, Balochistan, Pakistan, a dry, elevated, mountainous town in Pakistan. It is the westernmost railway station in Pakistan and the last station in Pakistan on the Quetta-Taftan Railway Line before crossing into Iran. The station serves Taftan, a town notable for the east-west trunk road. The city is located in the western projection of Balochistan, a far-western province.
It is located 62 kilometres (39 mi) northeast of the thermally active dark peak or small massif also called Taftan, which is located wholly in Iran.
The border with Iran is less than 700 metres (2,300 ft) to the west of the station. The station sits at approximately 61.54° east, whereas Pakistan's easternmost station, Chak Amru, in Punjab, lies in an upper valley at about 75.2° east of the prime meridian.
# 't Zwaantje, Nijemirdum

't Zwaantje (English: The Little Swan) is a smock mill in Nijemirdum, Friesland, Netherlands which was built in 1878. The mill has been restored to working order. It is listed as a Rijksmonument.

## History

The mill was probably built in 1878, replacing an earlier mill that had been built c.1790 and had burnt down. Draining the Huitebuurster polder, it was formerly named De Huitebuurstermolen, only being renamed 't Zwaantje in 1987. In 1956, the mill was partly dismantled and a Lister diesel engine was installed to pump water. The mill was restored in 1986 by Messrs Waghenbrugghe of Sneek, Friesland. The restoration incorporated the sails, windshaft, brake wheel and Archimedes' screw from De Noordster (English: The North Star), Nieuwe Bildtdijk, which had been demolished in 1984. It was thought that De Noordster only dated from 1936, and thus it was not listed as a Rijksmonument. This was an error, as the mill actually dated from 1818; 1936 being the date that the leading edges of the sails were fitted with Dekkerised leading edges. 't Zwaantje was capable of draining or pumping water into the polder. The mill was restored in 1987.
't Zwaantje was sold to Stichting De Fryske Mole on 1 January 1996, the 47th mill acquired by that organisation. A further restoration took place in 2007. The mill is listed as a Rijksmonument, No. 358041.

## Description

't Zwaantje is what the Dutch describe as a Grondzeiler. It is a two-storey smock mill on a single-storey brick base. There is no stage, the sails reaching almost to ground level. The mill is winded by tailpole and winch. The smock and cap are thatched. The sails are Common sails. They have a span of 16.30 metres (53 ft 6 in). The sails are carried on a cast iron windshaft, which was cast by IJzergieterij H. J. Koning of Foxham, Groningen in 1910. It also carries the brake wheel which has 48 cogs. This drives the wallower (31 cogs) at the top of the upright shaft. At the bottom of the upright shaft there are two crown wheels The upper crown wheel, which has 34 cogs, drives an Archimedes' screw. The lower crown wheel, which has 33 cogs is carried on the axle of an Archimedes' screw, which is used to drain the polder. The axle of the screw is 50 centimetres (1 ft 8 in) diameter and 1.25 metres (4 ft 1 in) long. The screw is 1.25 metres (4 ft 1 in) diameter. It is inclined at 30°. Each revolution of the screw lifts 506 litres (111 imp gal) of water.

## Public access

't Zwaantje is open to the public by appointment or whenever it is working.
# Sheykh Alam

Sheykh Alam (Persian: شيخ علم, also Romanized as Sheykh ʿAlam) is a village in Jahanabad Rural District, in the Central District of Hirmand County, Sistan and Baluchestan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 86, in 20 families.
# Viktor Bondarenko (footballer)

Viktor Ivanovich Bondarenko (Russian: Виктор Иванович Бондаренко; born 13 June 1949) is a Russian professional football coach and a former player who is mostly known for coaching in Africa for many years. He coached Mozambique twice. In 2009, he managed Primeiro de Agosto, but was fired in July.
# Khatun Mordeh

Khatun Mordeh (Persian: خاتون مرده, also Romanized as Khātūn Mordeh) is a village in Garmsar Rural District, Jebalbarez-e Jonubi District, Anbarabad County, Kerman Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 49, in 11 families.
# Bardeh, Kerman

Bardeh (Persian: بارده, also Romanized as Bārdeh) is a village in Garmsar Rural District, Jebalbarez-e Jonubi District, Anbarabad County, Kerman Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 494, in 90 families.
# Falange Española Independiente

Falange Española Independiente (FEI; English: Independent Spanish Phalanx) was a Spanish political party registered in 1977, originating from the Frente de Estudiantes Sindicalistas (FES), a student group of anti-Francoist falangists.

## History

Led by Sigfredo Hillers [es], the FES became the Spanish Falange Independent on 23 February 1977, and celebrated its First National Congress on 27 and 28 October 1979.
After the resignation of Sigfredo Hillers in the 1980s and change most of the members and cadres of the organization left to join FE-JONS, and the organization was almost considered extinct. But, due to the persistence of a few veterans of the FES, the party was able to survive. FEI gained notoriety again in 1999, when, after an internal crisis in FE-JONS, many members joined the party.
In 2000 FEI formed an electoral coalition with the group Falange 2000. In 2004 both Falange 2000 and FEI merged with FE-JONS.
# Gymnastics at the 2023 Pan American Games – Men's individual trampoline

The men's individual competition of the trampoline gymnastics events at the 2023 Pan American Games was held on November 3 and 4, at the Training Center for Collective Sport in the National Stadium cluster in Santiago, Chile.

## Schedule

| Date | Time | Round |
| November 3, 2023 | 17:00 | Qualification |
| November 4, 2023 | 17:30 | Final |

## Results
### Qualification round

The highest eight scores advance to the final. Only 2 gymnasts per NOC could advance.
| Rank | Athlete | Exce. | Time of F. | Diff. | Horizon | Total | Notes |
| 1 | Ángel Hernández (COL) | 15.700 | 17.100 | 17.10 | 9.20 | 59.100 | Q |
| 2 | Aliaksei Shostak (USA) | 15.800 | 17.170 | 16.50 | 8.90 | 58.370 | Q |
| 3 | Ruben Padilla (USA) | 15.300 | 15.940 | 17.40 | 9.40 | 58.040 | Q |
| 4 | Rayan Dutra (BRA) | 15.400 | 16.310 | 17.30 | 8.60 | 57.610 | Q |
| 5 | Keegan Soehn (CAN) | 15.400 | 16.480 | 16.50 | 9.00 | 57.380 | Q |
| 6 | Donovan Guevara (MEX) | 15.300 | 16.880 | 15.40 | 9.50 | 57.080 | Q |
| 7 | José Marín (MEX) | 15.100 | 15.220 | 16.10 | 9.60 | 56.020 | Q |
| 8 | Santiago Ferrari (ARG) | 14.000 | 15.620 | 16.90 | 9.20 | 55.720 | Q |
| 9 | Lucas Tobias (BRA) | 13.200 | 15.420 | 15.80 | 9.50 | 53.920 | R1 |
| 10 | Tomás Roberti (ARG) | 15.300 | 16.520 | 12.50 | 9.00 | 53.320 | R2 |
| 11 | Álvaro Calero (COL) | 13.600 | 15.940 | 13.80 | 8.50 | 51.840 | R3 |
| 12 | Junior Mateo (DOM) | 7.600 | 9.230 | 8.40 | 5.50 | 30.730 | |
| 13 | Remi Aubin (CAN) | 7.300 | 8.840 | 7.40 | 4.50 | 28.040 | |

### Final

The results were as follows:
| Rank | Athlete | Exce. | Time of F. | Diff. | Horizon | Total |
| | Ángel Hernández (COL) | 15.700 | 16.830 | 17.10 | 9.30 | 58.930 |
| | Rayan Dutra (BRA) | 15.600 | 16.520 | 17.30 | 9.30 | 58.720 |
| | Santiago Ferrari (ARG) | 13.900 | 15.930 | 17.10 | 9.20 | 56.130 |
| 4 | Donovan Guevara (MEX) | 14.300 | 17.050 | 15.40 | 8.90 | 55.650 |
| 5 | José Marín (MEX) | 13.400 | 13.740 | 14.30 | 7.80 | 49.240 |
| 6 | Ruben Padilla (USA) | 7.600 | 8.110 | 9.40 | 4.50 | 29.610 |
| 7 | Aliaksei Shostak (USA) | 3.200 | 3.540 | 3.60 | 1.80 | 12.140 |
| 8 | Keegan Soehn (CAN) | 3.100 | 3.520 | 3.60 | 1.90 | 12.120 |
# Qarar

Qarar (Urdu: قرار) is a 2020 Pakistani drama television series that premiered on Hum TV on 8 November 2020. Written by Aliya Bukhari, it has Sanam Jung, Mikaal Zulfiqar, Muneeb Butt, and Rabab Hashim in lead roles.

## Cast

* Sanam Jung as Maya
* Rabab Hashim as Fariha
* Muneeb Butt as Ammar
* Mikaal Zulfiqar as Junaid
* Seemi Pasha as Nadra
* Waseem Abbas as Siraj
* Sangeeta as Naani
* Ali Safina as Salman
* Rimsha Khan as Zaib Un Nisa
* Umair
* Shahzad Nawaz (minor appearance)

## Soundtrack

The official soundtrack of the serial Tu Qarar Hai... has been composed by Waqar Ali while lyrics were written by Sabir Zafar. The OST was performed by Rahat Fateh Ali Khan.
# Gharibwal railway station

Gharibwal Railway Station (Urdu: غریب وال ریلوے اسٹیشن) is located at Gharibwal in Pakistan.
# Watta Khel

Watta Khel (Urdu: وتّہ خيل), is a village and union council of Mianwali District in the Punjab province of Pakistan. It is part of Mianwali Tehsil and is located at 32°34'0N 71°31'0E.
# Shell Beach (Western Australia)

Shell Beach is a beach in the Shark Bay region of Western Australia, located 45 kilometres (28 mi) south-east of Denham.
Situated on the northeastern side of the Taillefer Isthmus along the L'Haridon Bight, the beach is covered with shells for a 60-kilometre (37 mi) stretch to a depth of 7–10 metres (23–33 ft). It is one of only two beaches in the world made entirely from shells.
The beach was named Shell Beach because of the great abundance of the shells of the cockle species Fragum erugatum. The seawater in the L'Haridon Bight has a high salinity due to both the geomorphology and local climate of the area. This high salinity has allowed the cockle to proliferate unchecked, since its natural predators have not adapted well to this environment.
The shells have formed a limestone that is known as coquina. Before Shark Bay became a World Heritage Site, the coquina was mined and used for the construction of a number of buildings in Denham.
# Chrysavgi

Chrysavgi (Greek: Χρυσαυγή, before 1927: Μοιραλή – Moirali, between 1927 and 1930: Στρογγυλόν – Strongylon), is a mountain village in the municipality of Voio, Western Macedonia, Greece. Only 30 minutes from Grevena and 20 minutes from Tsotyli, it is built with traditional architecture at an altitude of 860 meters. The stone houses give a special and impressive picture.

## History

The exact establishment date is difficult to pinpoint due to lack of historical evidences. The older register is from the 1534 codex in the Monastery of Zaborda and gives the old name of the village which was Mirali, a name taken probably from the Turkish commander of the area, Omer Ali. At 1927 it was renamed Stroggylon (which means round) and in 1930 received its final name Chrysavgi (which means “golden dawn”)
South of the village lay the stony remains of an ancient military settlement which was used to control the mountain passes. A copper statue of Athena was found in the area, along with metallic vessels, spearheads and daggers. Also Greek, Roman and Byzantine coins were unearthed by farmers.
The first settlers, according to tradition, were located at "Selio" point, 2 kilometers north of the village. In the area were scattered settlements which were destroyed by Turkish and Albanian raids. The remaining people established the modern village.
In 1793 many Voio villages were Islamized and became manors of the local Beys who were friendly to Ali Pasha. At Chrysavgi the Bey was Ali Koukos, to whom the residents paid the protective tax, one tenth of their production (Dekati). Beside the tax, they were bound to hand over to the Bey each new bride for him to spend the first wedding night with (Ius primae noctis). Some villagers were unable to tolerate this custom and killed the Bey in 1830. Next day was considered to be a "Golden Dawn" for the village. The remains of the Bey were discovered during an excavation in 1962, in "Koukos" point. The retaliation of the Turks for the murder of the Bey was a heavy tax enforced on the village. With this money, a mosque was built in Constantinople (Istanbul) which was named "Mirali Tzamisi".
Chrysavgi and the other villages ceased to be manors in 1836 after a firman from Sultan Mahmud II.