OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Castor of Rhodes

Castor of Rhodes (Greek: Κάστωρ ὁ Ῥόδιος), also known as Castor of Massalia or Castor of Galatia according to the Suda, or as Castor the Annalist, was a Greek grammarian and rhetorician. He was surnamed Philoromaeus (Φιλορώμαιος, meaning Lover of Rome) and is usually believed to have lived about the time of Cicero and Julius Caesar.

## Background

Castor is frequently referred to as an authority in historical matters. A partiality to the Romans is suggested by the surname Philoromaeus, and may have been evident in a work mentioned by Plutarch as comparing the institutions of Rome with those of Pythagoras.
The Suda describes the grammarian and rhetorician Castor as a son-in-law of the Galatian king Deiotarus (whom it calls a Roman senator), who afterwards put both Castor and his wife to death because Castor had brought charges against him before Caesar, evidently alluding to the affair in which Cicero defended Deiotarus. This appears to be the same Castor, mentioned by Strabo, who was surnamed Saecondarius, was a son-in-law of Deiotarus, and was put to death by him. When Cicero spoke for Deiotarus, the Castor who brought Deiotarus into peril is expressly called a grandson of that king, and was yet a young man at the time (44 BC).
It is however uncertain if this was the same Castor as the rhetorician, Castor of Rhodes. One of the works of Castor is referred to in the Bibliotheke formerly ascribed to Apollodorus of Athens, who died sometime around 140 BC. Because of this circumstance, one conclusion is that the rhetorician Castor must have lived at or before the time of Apollodorus, around 150 BC, and thus had no connection with the Deiotarus for whom Cicero spoke. Another common conclusion, which assumes Castor of Rhodes really was contemporary with Caesar and Cicero, is that Bibliotheke could not have been written by Apollodorus, hence the appellation "Pseudo-Apollodorus" for this work.

## Works

According to the Suda, Castor composed the following works:
* Anagraphe ton Thalassokratesanton ("Record of Thalassocrasies") in two books.
* Chronika Agnoemata ("Chronological Errors") which is also referred to by the Bibliotheca.
* Peri Epicheirematon ("On Arguments or Adventures"), in nine books.
* Peri Peithous ("On Persuasion"), in two books.
* Peri tou Neilou ("On the Nile").
* Techne Rhetorike ("Rhetorical Art")
* Chronologia or Chronika, which is referred to several times by Eusebius of Cesarea.
# Saky Municipality

The Saky City Municipality (Ukrainian: Сакська міськрада, translit. Saks'ka mis'krada) is one of the 25 regions of the Crimean Peninsula, internationally recognized as part of Ukraine, but currently occupied by Russia. The region is located on the western coast of Crimea on the Black Sea's shore. Its administrative centre is the city of Saky. In 2014, the population stood at 25,146.
Unlike in the other regions and municipalities of Crimea which contain a number of other settlements under its jurisdiction, the Saky municipality only consists of its administrative center Saky.

## Name

The Saky City Municipality is also known by two other native official names; in Russian as Sakskiy gorsovet (Сакский горсовет), and in Crimean Tatar as Saq şeer şurası. Colloquially, the municipality is known as "the territory governed by the Saky City Council" (Ukrainian: Сакська міська рада).

## Administrative divisions

Within the framework of administrative divisions of Russia, Saky is, together with a number of rural localities, incorporated separately as the "town of republican significance of Saki"—an administrative unit with the status equal to that of the districts. As a municipal division, the town of republican significance of Saki is incorporated as "Saki Urban Okrug".
Within the framework of administrative divisions of Ukraine, Saky is incorporated as the "town of republican significance of Saky". Ukraine does not have municipal divisions.

### 2020 Ukrainian Administrative Reform

In July 2020, Ukraine conducted an administrative reform throughout its de jure territory. This included Crimea, which was at the time occupied by Russia, and is still ongoing as of October 2023. Crimea was reorganized from 14 raions and 11 municipalities into 10 raions, with municipalities abolished altogether.
Saky Municipality was abolished, and its territories to become a part of Yevpatoria Raion, but this has not been implemented due to the ongoing Russian occupation.

## Government

The Saky City Council's members are elected every four years, with 21 councillors elected in single-mandate districts, and 21 councillors in a multiple mandate district.

## Demographics

The Saky municipality's population was 28,522 as of the 2001 Ukrainian Census and 25,146 in 2014 according to the 2014 Crimean Census.
The region's nationality composition in the 2001 census was:
* Russians – 65.1 percent
* Ukrainians – 24.3 percent
* Crimean Tatars – 5.8 percent
* All other nationalities – 4.8 percent.
# Rachel Kostanian

Rachel Kostanian is a Lithuanian Jewish activist, founder and longtime director of a Holocaust museum in Vilnius, and book author. She is a recipient of the Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany.

## Early life

Kostanian was born Rachel Zivelchinski in Lithuania. Kostanian's father, Yosif Zivelchinski, was a judge in Šiauliai, and her mother Bluma (née Danzig) was a Yiddish teacher.$^{:142}$ The family followed Bundism.$^{:39}$ Kostanian and her mother escaped the Holocaust in 1941 because they were taken to the Soviet Union together with other families of Soviet officials. They lived in Balachna near Gorky until Kostanian was sent with 200 other Lithuanian, Jewish and non-Jewish children to a children's home in the Urals.$^{:145}$ At the end of 1944, Kostanian returned to Vilnius. After finishing high school, she studied law at Vilnius University,$^{:159}$ and earned a degree in law. She could not find work as a lawyer.$^{:159}$ She went on to work in Kirovakan as an English teacher at a music school.
In 1989, Emanuelis Zingeris offered Kostanian the position of Scientific Secretary for the Museum.$^{:40}$ Under her leadership, the Vilna Gaon Jewish State Museum with exhibits centering on the Holocaust, was established. The museum opened in 1991 in the so-called "Green House", formerly part of the Museum of the October Revolution. Kostanian expanded the museum's inventory of personal narratives by placing advertisements in local and international media asking for "letters, books, photographs, manuscripts, clothing, dishes."$^{:163}$
A first conference on the Holocaust in Lithuania was held in Vilnius in 1993, on the 50th anniversary of the liquidation of the Vilnius ghetto. Zingeris and Kostanian jointly published the proceedings of the conference in 1995. In 2020, she participated in an international conference Remembering for the Future - The Holocaust in an Age of Genocide in Oxford.$^{:42}$ From this meeting, she wrote a paper describing the activities of Jews in the ghetto in the fields of health care, culture, art, science, music, sports, and religion.$^{:42}$

## Selected publications

* Kostanian, Rachilė (2004). Spiritual resistance in the Vilna Ghetto. Vilnius: Vilna Gaon Jewish State Museum. ISBN 978-9986-9387-2-9.
* Kostanian, Rachilė; Atamukas, Solomon (1996-01-01). The Jewish State Museum of Lithuania. The Museum.
* Kostanian, Rachilė; Biber, Jevgenija. "Vilna ghetto posters : Jewish spiritual resistance : from the collection of the Vilna Gaon Jewish State Museum of Lithuania". search.worldcat.org. Retrieved 2024-01-05.

## Awards and honors

At the age of 91, on February 9, 2021, Kostanian received the Federal Cross of Merit on Ribbon.
# Kaplanovo

Kaplanovo (pronounced; German: Kaplanau) is a small settlement west of Velike Lašče in central Slovenia. The entire Municipality of Velike Lašče is part of the traditional region of Lower Carniola. It is included in the Central Slovenia Statistical Region.
# Pirate Party (Tunisia)

The Pirate Party (Arabic: حزب القراصنة, romanized: Hizb al-Qarāṣina; French: Parti pirate) is a small political party in Tunisia which was formed on 7 April 2012. It is the second Pirate party in Tunisia after the Tunisian Pirate Party.
The party achieved notoriety during the Tunisian revolution. Slim Amamou briefly held a ministry, the world's first Pirate Party politician ever to do so, before resigning to protest against repressive measures by the interim government.

## Party platform

On the Pirate Party's official website, it lists its main objectives as:
* preserving the right of every citizen of the absolute freedom of expression, communication, association and assembly
* representation of small investors to protect their companies from traces of intellectual property background
* devoted to a citizen's right to move freely around the world
* direct democracy and the inclusion of digital technology in this area support
* bringing an end to control of the Internet
* dedicated to the neutrality of the Internet
* protecting the freedom of information and independence of investigative journalism
* unconditional and free access to information
* working on the principle of absolute transparency of the government and the public sector
* open government
* promoting alternative systems of copyright and intellectual property
* anti-censorship of all kinds
* defending the rights and freedoms of the individual and the collective, especially with regard to digital freedoms
* use of free software in public institutions in order to adapt to the era of digital technology at the lowest cost and highest performance
* promoting open digital standards
* combating forms of digital monopoly and confront the downsides of proprietary software and the dominance of one party in the market
* elimination of legal obstacles that hinder the right of the media and particularly the media networks, community and non-profit Free
# Vashnam-e Dust Mohammad

Vashnam-e Dust Mohammad (Persian: وشنام دوست محمد, also Romanized as Vashnām-e Dūst Moḩammad and Veshnām-e Dūst Moḩammad; also known as Rezhnān, Vājnān, Vashnām, Vāzhnān, and Wajnān) is a village in Kambel-e Soleyman Rural District, in the Central District of Chabahar County, Sistan and Baluchestan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 52, in 12 families.
# Sächsische Schweiz (district)

The Sächsische Schweiz (English: Saxon Switzerland) is a former district (Kreis) in the south of Saxony, Germany. Neighboring districts were (from west clockwise) Weißeritzkreis, the district-free city Dresden and the districts Kamenz and Bautzen. To the south it borders the Czech Republic.

## History

The district was created in 1994 when the two districts Sebnitz and Pirna were merged. In August 2008, as a part of the district reform in Saxony, the districts of Sächsische Schweiz and Weißeritzkreis were merged into the new district Sächsische Schweiz-Osterzgebirge.

## Geography

The district is named after the landscape – the Saxon Switzerland – as it is the most mountainous region of Saxony. To the west are the Ore Mountains, and to the east the Lusatian Highlands. The river Elbe flows through the Elbe Sandstone Mountains and separates the two mountain ranges. The highest elevation of the district is the 644 m (2,113 ft) high Oelsener Höhe in the southwest of the district, the lowest elevation is the valley of the Elbe at the boundary to Dresden which is 109 m (358 ft) above sea level.

## Coat of arms

* The coat of arms symbolizes the geographical location of the district. The two green areas stand for the forests in the two mountain areas, the white wavy line in the middle symbolizes the river Elbe. The coat of arms was created by Horst Torke, Pirna.

## Towns and municipalities

| Towns | Municipalities |
| Bad Gottleuba-Berggießhübel Bad Schandau Dohna Heidenau Hohnstein Königstein Liebstadt Neustadt in Sachsen Pirna Sebnitz Stadt Wehlen Stolpen | Bahretal Dohma Dürrröhrsdorf-Dittersbach Gohrisch Kirnitzschtal Lohmen Müglitztal Porschdorf Rathen Rathmannsdorf Reinhardtsdorf-Schöna Rosenthal-Bielatal Struppen |
# Belgian general strike of 1960–1961

The general strike of 1960–1961 (French: Grève générale de 1960–1961), known popularly in Wallonia as the Strike of the Century (Grève du Siècle), was a major series of strikes in Belgium which began on 14 December 1960 and lasted approximately six weeks.
The general strike was instigated by the militant trade union, the General Labour Federation of Belgium (Fédération Générale du Travail de Belgique, or FGTB; Algemeen Belgisch Vakverbond, ABVV), against an attempt by the government of Gaston Eyskens to improve the state of Belgium's public finances after the independence of the Belgian Congo by introducing a series of austerity measures known as the Unitary Law (Loi Unique or Eenheidswet). It has been described as "one of the most serious class confrontations in Belgium's social history", which brought out 700,000 workers out on strike. A number of clashes took place between strikers and the police, Gendarmerie, and Belgian Army. In one incident, the Liège-Guillemins railway station was ransacked by strikers on 6 January 1961. Although the strike began across Belgium, it soon lost momentum in Flanders where workers returned to work after a few days. The strike continued in Wallonia, a region largely reliant on heavy industry and already starting to experience deindustrialization, for several weeks. The law was eventually passed on 14 February 1961. Four strikers died.
The strike is considered a key moment for the Walloon Movement and an influence on the formation of Walloon identity. It led to the foundation of a new ideology of Renardism which linked Walloon nationalism with syndicalism. The strike also led to the creation of the pro-federalist Walloon Popular Movement (Mouvement Populaire Wallon, MPW) in 1961 and an increasing polarization between Flemish and Walloons which culminated, from the late 1960s, in the "Linguistic Wars" and, ultimately, in Belgium's gradual transformation into a federal state.
The 1983 film Winter 1960 is based on the strike. The strike was the subject of the documentary film Lorsque le bateau de Léon M. descendit la Meuse pour la première fois (1979) by the Dardenne brothers.
# Nagaraphirom Park

Nagaraphirom Park (Thai: สวนนาคราภิรมย์) was a small public park of about 3 rai (0.48 ha; 1.2 acres) on the Chao Phraya River in Bangkok. Located on Maharat Road, Phra Borom Maha Ratchawang Subdistrict, Phra Nakhon District behind the Grand Palace between Tha Tian (N8) and Tha Chang Wang Luang Pier (N9).
On June 26, 2009 King Bhumibol Adulyadej (Rama IX) named the park "Nagaraphirom", meaning "delightful park for the townspeople".
Nagaraphirom Park officially opened in December 2010. The park was open daily from 05:00 a.m. to 09:00 p.m.
In 2016 the park was razed to build an underground parking garage. It was announced that construction would take two years, but the garage was never built. The park's former location is now a parking lot.
# Mazuby

Mazuby (French pronunciation: ; Occitan: Masubi) is a commune in the Aude department in southern France.
# Aleksandr Lobynya

Aleksandr Lobynya (born 31 May 1985) is a male Russian shot putter. His personal best throw is 21.00 metres, achieved in Adler on 25 May 2011.

## Career

* 2009
Lobynya broke the 20-metre barrier with a 20.09m effort in Bryansk on 27 June
* 2011
Lobynya produced a massive personal best of 21.00m, becoming the 2nd best Russian, 3rd best European, and the 11th best Outdoor Shot-Putter in the World in 2011, however he was omitted from the Russian National Team for the 2011 IAAF World Athletics Championships in Daegu, South Korea possibly due to the presence of rival Maksim Sidorov.
# Hôtel-Dieu

In French-speaking countries, a hôtel-Dieu (English: hotel of God) was originally a hospital for the poor and needy, run by the Catholic Church. Nowadays these buildings or institutions have either kept their function as a hospital, the one in Paris being the oldest and most renowned, or have been converted into hotels, museums, or general purpose buildings (for instance housing a préfecture, the administrative head office of a French department).
Therefore, as a secondary meaning, the term hôtel-Dieu can also refer to the building itself, even if it no longer houses a hospital.
Examples include:

## France

* Hôtel-Dieu d'Angers, founded in 1153
* Hôtel-Dieu de Beaune, founded in 1443
* Hôtel-Dieu of Carpentras, built in 1754
* Hôtel-Dieu of Château-Thierry, founded in 1304
* Hôtel-Dieu of Cluny, built in the 17th and 18th century
* Hôtel-Dieu de Lyon, created in 1478
* Hôtel-Dieu of Nantes, completed in 1508
* Hôtel-Dieu de Paris, founded in 650
* Hôtel-Dieu of Reims
* Hôtel-Dieu de Tonnerre, founded in 1293
* Hôtel-Dieu Neuf de la Trinité of Thiers, later part of Thiers old hospital.

## Canada

* Hôtel-Dieu de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec
* Hôtel-Dieu de Québec, Quebec City, Quebec
* Hôtel-Dieu de Sherbrooke (CHUS), Sherbrooke, Quebec
* Hôtel-Dieu Grace Hospital, Windsor, Ontario
* Hotel Dieu Hospital (Kingston, Ontario), Kingston, Ontario
* Hotel Dieu Shaver Health and Rehabilitation Centre, St. Catharines, Ontario

## United States

* University Hospital, New Orleans, previously known as Hôtel-Dieu
* Hotel Dieu Hospital, Beaumont, Texas, founded in 1896 and consolidated with Saint Elizabeth's Hospital in 1970
* Hotel Dieu Hospital, El Paso, Texas, founded in 1893 and permanently closed in 1987
# Soti Triantafyllou

Soti Triantafyllou or Triantafillou (Greek: Σώτη Τριανταφύλλου; born 1957) is a Greek writer, columnist, translator, and political/social commentator. She is based in Athens and Paris.

## Education

Soti Triantafyllou was born in downtown Athens (Fokionos Negri). She attended English-Hellenic Elementary School and graduated from Arsakeion High School. Her further education includes: Diplôme d’Etudes de Lettres et Civilisation Françaises, Université de Nice, Faculté des Lettres et Sciences Humaines, Nice, France (1979), Bachelor of Science; Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Athens, Athens, Greece (Oct.1979), Diplôme d’Etudes Approfondies (DEA), Faculty of History and Civilizations, Ecole des Hautes Etudes en Sciences Sociales, Paris (with professor Marc Ferro), France (1981), PhD, American History and Civilization, Ecole des Hautes Etudes en Sciences Sociales, Paris (thesis on “The Image of the U.S. Through the Hollywood Comedy 1946-1960” with Professor Marc Ferro), France (1984), PhD, History of American Cities, NYU (Thesis “Los Angeles, California and Athens, Greece: Urban Patterns” with professor Jean Heffer) (1989). She did post-doctoral research at the Centre Koyre in Paris (History and Philosophy of Mathematics) and at the EHESS (Russian Studies).

## Career

Soti Triantafyllou has worked as a political columnist for 35 years. She has contributed to most Greek dailies and magazines writing about international politics and, occasionally, about cars. She has also worked as professor of history and film studies at the Hellenic Film School, (1985-2000) and she has been a visiting lecturer at the University of Western Macedonia (Creative Writing) and at Aegean University (Faculty of Geography and Urbanism, Mytilene, Greece (2004-2007)), at the University of Athens (Strategic Studies). Her academic work includes the project “The Image of Los Angeles in the Movies” (with Professor Jean Heffer) for the Centre d’Etudes Nord-Américaines, Paris, France (1984-1985). Her 10th novel, "Rare Earths", came out in October 2013. She is trilingual (Greek, English, French) and she translates from four languages including Italian and German. She won the 2018 National Award for Novel for her work The End of the World in an English Garden (Patakis 2017). Soti Triantafyllou is a militant atheist.
In 2010 she talked with Süddeutsche Zeitung about the skepticism of the Greek people following the election of Giorgos Papandreou.

## Awards

* Premio Alziator for Chinese Boxes, 2007
* Queer Award for best play Mechanic Falls (staged by Stamatis Patronis), 2014
* Konstantinos Kalligas for Journalism, 2017
* National Library Award for Best Novel The End of the World in an English Garden, 2019
# Maha Chana Chai district

Maha Chana Chai (Thai: มหาชนะชัย, pronounced; Northeastern Thai: มหาชนะชัย, pronounced) is a district of Yasothon province in northeastern Thailand.

## History

In 1859, Prince Thao Puttakhamphun (ท้าวปุตตะคำพูน ราชบุตร) founded a new city in the vicinity of the village of Woen Chai (บ้านเวินชัย) beside the Chi River, which he named Mueang (city of) Han Chai Cham Na (เมืองหันชัยชำนะ translation unknown.) In 1863, King Rama IV renamed the town Mueang Maha Chana Chai ('triumphant victory')
The town became a district (amphoe) of Ubon Ratchathani province in 1909, and on 24 April 1917 its name was changed to Fa Yat District (อำเภอฟ้าหยาด), because the district office was in Fa Yat village, Fa Yat sub-district. On 7 April 1939, the name reverted to Maha Chana Chai District.
On 1 March 1972, when Yasothon Province was established, Maha Chana Chai was one of six districts assigned to the new province.

## Geography

Neighboring districts are (from the north clockwise): Kham Khuean Kaeo of Yasothon Province; Khueang Nai of Ubon Ratchathani province; Kho Wang of Yasothon Province; Rasi Salai, Sila Lat of Sisaket province' and Phanom Phrai of Roi Et province.

## Administration

The district is divided into 10 sub-districts (tambons), with 103 villages (mubans).
| Fa Yat (ฟ้าหยาด) Hua Mueang (หัวเมือง) Khu Mueang (คูเมือง) Phue Hi (ผือฮี) Bak Ruea (บากเรือ) | Muang (ม่วง) Non Sai (โนนทราย) Bueng Kae (บึงแก) Phra Sao (พระเสาร์) Song Yang (สงยาง) |

## Schools

* Ban Huadong School (โรงเรียนบ้านหัวดง)

### Secondary schools

* Maha Chana Chai Witthayakhom School (โรงเรียนมหาชนะชัยวิทยาคม)
* Trakun Prathueang Witthayakhom School (โรงเรียนตระกูลประเทืองวิทยาคม)

### Colleges

* Yasothon College of Agriculture and Technology (วิทยาลัยเกษตรและเทคโนโลยียโสธร)
# Päri, Lääne County

Päri (German: Kattentack) is a village in Lääne-Nigula Parish, Lääne County, in western Estonia.
# Molen Hoogland, Goutum

Molen Hoogland is a Hollow Post mill in Goutum, Friesland, Netherlands which was built in 2004. The mill is listed as a Rijksmonument, number 24521.

## History

The mill was originally built in the 18th century at Wirdum to drain the Wirdumer Nieuwland polder, forming a pair with the Kramersmolen. The mill was restored in 1971. The mill was restored in 1968-69. On 23 October 1986, the mill was sold to Stichting De Fryske Mole (English: Frisian Mills Foundation). In 1995, it was moved to Zwette, along with Kramersmolen. On 21 April 1999, the mill was burnt down. The cause was probably arson. A new site was sought at Goutum. The restored mill was officially opened in 2003.

## Description

Molen Hoogland is what the Dutch describe as an spinnenkop. It is a hollow post mill on a single storey square roundhouse. The mill is winded by tailpole and winch. The roundhouse and mill body are covered in vertical boards, while the roof of the mill is boarded horizontally. The sails are Common sails. They have a span of 9.24 metres (30 ft 4 in). The sails are carried on a wooden windshaft. The windshaft also carries the brake wheel which has 33 cogs. This drives the wallower (19 cogs) at the top of the upright shaft. At the bottom of the upright shaft, the crown wheel, which has 28 cogs drives a gearwheel with 27 cogs on the axle of the Archimedes' screw. The axle of the Archimedes' screw is 200 millimetres (8 in) diameter. The screw is 740 millimetres (2 ft 5 in) diameter and 3.51 metres (11 ft 6 in) long. It is inclined at 25°. Each revolution of the screw lifts 92 litres (20 imp gal) of water.

## Public access

Kramersmolen is open by appointment.