OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Siedlce Governorate

Siedlce Governorate was an administrative-territorial unit (guberniya) of Congress Poland of the Russian Empire.

## History

It was created in 1867 from the division of the Lublin Governorate. It was in fact a recreation of the older Podlasie Governorate, but now renamed to Siedlce Governorate. Siedlce Governorate was abolished in 1912 and its territory was divided between Lublin Governorate, Łomża Governorate and the newly created Kholm Governorate.

## Language

* By the Imperial census of 1897. In bold are languages spoken by more people than the state language.
| Language | Number | percentage (%) | males | females |
| Polish | 510 621 | 66.13 | 253 571 | 257 050 |
| Yiddish | 120 152 | 15.56 | 57 821 | 62 331 |
| Ukrainian | 107 785 | 13.95 | 54 219 | 53 566 |
| Russian | 19 613 | 2.54 | 14 856 | 4 757 |
| German | 11 645 | 1.5 | 5 911 | 5 734 |
| Other | 2 286 | 0.29 | 2 067 | 219 |
| Persons that didn't name their native language | 44 | >0.01 | 21 | 23 |
| Total | 772 146 | 100 | 388 466 | 383 680 |
# John J. Buckley (sheriff)

John J. Buckley III (August 12, 1929 - March 20, 1994) was an American politician who served as Sheriff of Middlesex County Massachusetts from 1970 to 1980.

## Early life

Buckley graduated from Malden High School and went on to earn a business degree at Boston College. He left the business world to attend Saint John's Seminary, which he left after two years when he changed his mind about becoming a priest. Buckley then worked as a publishers representative until he entered politics.

## Early political career

In 1964, Buckley switched from the Democratic Party to the Republican Party when he joined Elliot Richardson's campaign for Lieutenant Governor of Massachusetts. In 1966, Buckley was the Republican nominee for Massachusetts State Auditor. He lost to incumbent Democrat Thaddeus M. Buczko 57% to 42%.

## Sheriff

Buckley was appointed sheriff on April 10, 1970, by governor Francis W. Sargent following the death of Howard W. Fitzpatrick. He defeated John F. Dever, Jr. in a special election to complete Fitzpatrick's term. He was elected to a full term in 1974, defeating Walter J. Sullivan 51% to 49%.
During his tenure, Buckley gained national attention for his stands against the death penalty, support for vocational training and rehabilitation programs for inmates, support for gun control laws, and the elimination of violence on prime-time television. A liberal Republican, Buckley was known for his progressive approach to corrections. During his first year in office, Buckley posed as an inmate for two days in an out-of-state prison, eliminated censorship of inmate mail, allowed inmates to use the sheriff's house on the grounds of the Middlesex House of Correction for conjugal visits, and sued his own office to eliminate the law that allowed juveniles to be jailed with adult criminals. He also took a stance against county government, which he called "a patronage ridden system" and "an anachronism".

## 1978 elections

On February 6, 1978, Buckley announced his candidacy for Governor of Massachusetts. At the Republican Convention, Buckley finished third on the first ballot behind Edward F. King and Francis W. Hatch, Jr. 212 votes to King's 898 and Hatch's 874. Buckley then dropped out of the race and attempted to move his delegates to Hatch, however the nomination was won by the conservative King on the second ballot. Although he withdrew at the convention he still considered running in the primary. However, on May 17 Buckley officially exited the governor's race.
After withdrawing from the governor's race, Buckley entered the race for the United States House of Representatives seat in Massachusetts's 5th congressional district, which was being vacated by Paul Tsongas. He defeated Nicholas D. Rizzo 54% to 46% in the Republican primary. In the general election, Buckley lost to Democrat James Shannon 52% to 28%, with independent James J. Gaffney, III receiving 20% of the vote.
Buckley chose not to run for reelection in 1980.

## Death

Buckley died on March 20, 1994, at his home in Belmont, Massachusetts, of brain cancer. He was survived by his wife, Judge Marie Buckley, and his two sons.
# Hajjiabad, Lordegan

Hajjiabad (Persian: حاجي اباد, also Romanized as Ḩājjīābād) is a village in Sardasht Rural District, in the Central District of Lordegan County, Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 184, in 31 families.
# Strasbourg, Saskatchewan

Strasbourg (/ˈstrɑːsbɜːrɡ/) is a town in the Canadian province of Saskatchewan. It is about 75 kilometres (47 mi) northwest of the provincial capital, Regina.

## History

The earliest settlers came to this area around 1884 as the area became known for its rich agricultural soil and ample land for pastures. The area was settled by German pioneers. The town was originally spelled Strassburg, Strass meaning road or street in German and burg meaning castle. The name was changed by Canada's Geography department to the French spelling of Strasbourg in 1919, following the renaming of the latter located in Alsace, France (Germany lost control of the city after World War I). The town was incorporated in 1907.

## Parks and recreation

The Strasbourg Recreation Centre, which was built in 1976, has an ice rink and a curling rink. It is home to the Strasbourg Maroons of the senior men's Highway Hockey League. Strasbourg also has a 9-hole golf course and ball diamonds.
The old Strasbourg CPR railway station was converted into a museum.
Twenty-five kilometres to the south-west of town on Last Mountain Lake is Rowan's Ravine Provincial Park and to the north-east is Last Mountain.

## Demographics

In the 2021 Census of Population conducted by Statistics Canada, Strasbourg had a population of 788 living in 362 of its 395 total private dwellings, a change of -1.5% from its 2016 population of 800. With a land area of 5.81 km$^2$ (2.24 sq mi), it had a population density of 135.6/km$^2$ (351.3/sq mi) in 2021.

## Notable people

* Frederick Bieber - Harvard Medical School professor
* Greg Hubick - Played in the NHL for the Toronto Maple Leafs and Vancouver Canucks
* Nick Schultz - Professional ice hockey player
* Bennet Wong - Psychiatrist
# Woquard

Woquard (East Frisian Low Saxon: Wokert) is a village in the region of East Frisia, in Lower Saxony, Germany. It is part of the municipality of Krummhörn. The village is located just to the west of Pewsum, bordering its urban area.
Woquard is the smallest village in the municipality. It is first mentioned in 1632, under the name Wachtwert. The Woquard coat of arms reflects the history of the village. The colors blue and yellow refer to the Swedish royal family and recall Catherine Vasa of Sweden. The lion refers to the chieftains' coat of arms of the Manninga family; the fleur-de-lis from the crest to the Counts Cirksena; the star can be associated with the ancient coat of arms of Norden.
The expression "Wokert is 'n Rad" ('Woquard is a wheel') refers to the streets of the village, which resemble the spokes of a wheel, with St. Mary's Church as the center. The oldest church bell in East Frisia hangs in the tower of the church, which dates from 1789. There used to be a castle on the west side of the church, but it was destroyed by a chieftain of Pewsum.
# Oleksy Lukashevych

Olexiy Lukashevych (Ukrainian: Олексій Лукашевич; born 11 January 1977, in Dnipropetrovsk) is a Ukrainian long jumper, best known for winning the 2002 European Championships. His personal best is 8.27 metres, achieved in June 2000 in Tartu.

## Achievements

| Year | Competition | Venue | Position | Notes |
| Representing Ukraine |||||
| 1996 | World Junior Championships | Sydney, Australia | 1st | 7.91 m |
| 1997 | European U23 Championships | Turku, Finland | 3rd | 8.09 m |
| 1997 | World Championships | Athens, Greece | 16th (q) | 7.90 m |
| 1997 | Universiade | Catania, Italy | 7th | 7.79 m |
| 1998 | European Indoor Championships | Valencia, Spain | 1st | 8.06 m |
| 1998 | European Championships | Budapest, Hungary | 18th (q) | 7.72 m |
| 1999 | Universiade | Palma de Mallorca, Spain | 1st | 8.16 m |
| 1999 | World Championships | Seville, Spain | 22nd (q) | 7.77 m |
| 2000 | European Indoor Championships | Ghent, Belgium | 4th | 8.02 m |
| 2000 | Olympic Games | Sydney, Australia | 4th | 8.26 m |
| 2001 | World Championships | Edmonton, Canada | 6th | 8.10 m |
| 2001 | Goodwill Games | Brisbane, Australia | 6th | 7.87 m |
| 2002 | European Indoor Championships | Vienna, Austria | 4th | 8.11 m |
| 2002 | European Championships | Munich, Germany | 1st | 8.08 m |
| 2002 | World Cup | Madrid, Spain | 7th | 7.83 m |
| 2003 | World Championships | Paris, France | 17th (q) | 7.85 m |
| 2005 | European Indoor Championships | Madrid, Spain | 14th (q) | 7.81 m |
| 2006 | European Championships | Göteborg, Sweden | 3rd | 8.12 m |
| 2007 | European Indoor Championships | Birmingham, United Kingdom | 13th (q) | 7.64 m |
| 2007 | World Championships | Osaka, Japan | 4th | 8.25 m |
| 2009 | World Championships | Berlin, Germany | 24th (q) | 7.87 m |
# Khong Chai district

Khong Chai (Thai: ฆ้องชัย, pronounced; Northeastern Thai: ฆ้องชัย, pronounced) is a district (amphoe) in the southern part of Kalasin province, northeastern Thailand.

## Geography

Neighboring districts are (from the north clockwise) Yang Talat, Mueang Kalasin, Kamalasai of Kalasin Province, Changhan of Roi Et province, Mueang Maha Sarakham and Kantharawichai of Maha Sarakham province.

## History

Mueang Fa Daet Song Yang (Thai: เมืองฟ้าแดดสงยาง) is the site of a prehistoric community surrounded by earthen mounds about five kilometres long. Evidence of its civilization are religious ruins in and around it, and a large concentration of boundary stones called bai sema or sema hin (ใบเสมา, เสมาหิน).
The minor district (king amphoe) was split off from Kamalasai district on 1 July 1997.
On 15 May 2007, all 81 minor districts were upgraded to full districts. With publication in the Royal Gazette on 24 August, the upgrade became official.

## Economy

The district is the site of some of Thailand's largest e-waste recycling businesses. Tambon Khok Sa-at in particular has 154 households that purchase old electronic devices, sort them, and extract scrap electronics for materials that can be reused or recycled and sell them to a third party. They process about 1,000 tonnes of scrap per month. An environmental issue is the remaining 24 tonnes of worthless material that must be disposed of. Absent any local disposal facilities, the scrap is trucked to incinerators in Sa Kaeo and Saraburi. Health officials maintain that levels of contaminants are low and do not pose a threat to people's health or the ecosystem.

## Administration

The district is divided into five sub-districts (tambons), which are further subdivided into 48 villages (mubans). There are no municipal (thesaban) areas, and five tambon administrative organizations (TAO).
| No. | Name | Thai name | Villages | Pop. |
| 1. | Khong Chai Phatthana | ฆ้องชัยพัฒนา | 11 | 6,658 |
| 2. | Lao Klang | เหล่ากลาง | 8 | 4,541 |
| 3. | Khok Sa-at | โคกสะอาด | 12 | 7,531 |
| 4. | Non Sila Loeng | โนนศิลาเลิง | 9 | 4,556 |
| 5. | Lam Chi | ลำชี | 8 | 3,812 |
# Tagek

Tagek (Persian: تاگك, also Romanized as Tāgek; also known as Tāyek) is a village in Doshman Ziari Rural District, in the Central District of Kohgiluyeh County, Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 23, in 5 families.
# Pretty Tied Up

"Pretty Tied Up" (subtitled "The Perils of Rock n Roll Decadence") is a song by the rock band Guns N' Roses. Written by rhythm guitarist Izzy Stradlin, it appears on the band's 1991 album Use Your Illusion II. The song opens with the sounds of a coral sitar played by Stradlin.
Stradlin's lyrics may have been inspired by a bondage encounter with a dominatrix and her client, which he described in an interview:
   My Mexican friend Tony took me to meet this woman named Margot at her house. She gave us some tequila or something and she goes in the bedroom and we walk in and there's this big fat naked guy with an onion in his mouth. He's wearing women's underwear and high heels and he's tied up with duct tape against the wall. Me and Tony were like, What the fuck is going on here? Cracking up laughing. She was this dominatrix chick.
Slash has stated that the song was written one night at Stradlin's house, before the band went to Chicago to write. According to Slash, Stradlin was so high on heroin that night that he made a sitar out of a cymbal, a broomstick and some strings, thus serving as the inspiration for the sitar heard at the beginning of the track.
The song was first played live at the Rock in Rio 2 festival on January 20, 1991 and a live version of the song was released on the album Live Era: '87-'93.

## Personnel

* W. Axl Rose – lead vocals, production
* Slash – lead guitar, production
* Izzy Stradlin – rhythm guitar, coral sitar, production
* Duff McKagan – bass, production
* Matt Sorum – drums, production
* Dizzy Reed – piano, production

## Charts

| Chart (1992) | Peak position |
| US Mainstream Rock (Billboard) | 35 |
# Veera Abhimanyu

Veera Abhimanyu could refer to one of the following films:
* Veera Abhimanyu (1936 film), in Telugu
* Veera Abhimanyu (1965 film), in Tamil
* Veerabhimanyu, 1965 Telugu film
# Amirovo, Iglinsky District, Republic of Bashkortostan

Amirovo (Russian: Амирово; Bashkir: Әмир, Ämir) is a rural locality (a village) in Maysky Selsoviet, Iglinsky District, Bashkortostan, Russia. The population was 26 as of 2010. There is 1 street.

## Geography

Amirovo is located 61 km east of Iglino (the district's administrative centre) by road. Maysky is the nearest rural locality.
# Pļaviņas Municipality

Pļaviņas Municipality (Latvian: Pļaviņu novads) is a former municipality in Vidzeme, Latvia. The municipality was formed in 2009 by merging Aiviekste parish, Klintaine parish, Vietalva parish and Pļaviņas town the administrative centre being Pļaviņas. The population in 2020 was 4,808.
On 1 July 2021, Pļaviņas Municipality ceased to exist and its territory was merged into Aizkraukle Municipality.
# Loubaresse, Ardèche

Loubaresse (French pronunciation:; Occitan: Lobaressa) is a commune in the Ardèche department in southern France.
# City Tower

City Tower may refer to:
* City Tower, Manchester
* City Tower, Liverpool
* City Tower (Prague)
* City Tower, Seberang Perai
* City Tower (Trnava)
* Sheraton City Tower, a skyscraper in Ramat Gan, Israel
* City Point (Brooklyn), a mixed-used development, one of which is called "City Tower"
# Sij, Razavi Khorasan

Sij (Persian: سيج, also Romanized as Sīj) is a village in Kardeh Rural District, in the Central District of Mashhad County, Razavi Khorasan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 679, in 161 families.
# Naran, Hormozgan

Naran (Persian: نران, also Romanized as Narān; also known as Narān Ḩasan Langī) is a village in Shamil Rural District, Takht District, Bandar Abbas County, Hormozgan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 137, in 30 families.
# Pantsir-M

Pantsir-M (Russian: Панцирь-М, lit. 'Carapace-M') is a Russian jamming-resistant naval close-in weapon system (CIWS) which entered service in 2018. Pantsir-M will replace Kashtan-M systems in Russian Navy.
According to Rostec CEO Sergey Chemezov, Pantsir-M's destructive power is three to four times higher than Kashtan-M's.

## Description

Pantsir-M is equipped with friend or foe identification system and armed with naval version of the Pantsir's 57E6 missiles and Hermes-K missiles. Its secondary armament are two six-barreled 30×165mm GSh-6-30K/AO-18KD rotary cannons (range 5 km), same as on Kashtan-M. Pantsir-M is fully automated and can engage up to four targets simultaneously at a range of up to 20 km and can operate as a battery of up to four modules. Pantsir-M can intercept sea skimming missiles flying as low as two meters above the surface. If a target isn't sufficiently destroyed by Pantsir's missile attack it can automatically direct its cannons against it. Pantsir-M's phased array radar, electro-optical/infrared targeting and identification system are based on that of Pantsir's 1RS2-1.

## Parameters

* Range: 20 km
* Altitude: 15 km
* Reaction time: 3–5 s
* Rate of fire: 10,000 rounds per minute

## Versions

There are two versions:
* Pantsir-M: The domestic version
* Pantsir-ME: The export version

## Users

* Russian Federation
# Davide Alviti

Davide Alviti (born 5 November 1996) is an Italian professional basketball player for Pallacanestro Varese of the Lega Basket Serie A (LBA). who last played for Olimpia Milano of the Italian Lega Basket Serie A (LBA) and the EuroLeague.

## National team

Alviti has been a member of Italy's national basketball team.
# Jonathan Mendes

Jonathan Mendes (born 19 July 1989) is a French footballer.

## Career

He was trained at the youth academy of Olympique Lyonnais before moving to AJ Auxerre and played some matches for the reserve team. He joined Standard de Liège in June 2009 and was loaned out in January 2010 to AFC Tubize. He made his professional debut for AFC Tubize on 6 February 2010 against KV Turnhout in the EXQI League and was loaned again on 16 May 2010 for one season to AFC Tubize.
# Mach wave

In fluid dynamics, a Mach wave, also known as a weak discontinuity, is a pressure wave traveling with the speed of sound caused by a slight change of pressure added to a compressible flow. These weak waves can combine in supersonic flow to become a shock wave if sufficient Mach waves are present at any location. Such a shock wave is called a Mach stem or Mach front. Thus, it is possible to have shockless compression or expansion in a supersonic flow by having the production of Mach waves sufficiently spaced (cf. isentropic compression in supersonic flows). A Mach wave is the weak limit of an oblique shock wave where time averages of flow quantities don't change (a normal shock is the other limit). If the size of the object moving at the speed of sound is near 0, then this domain of influence of the wave is called a Mach cone.

## Mach angle

A Mach wave propagates across the flow at the Mach angle μ, which is the angle formed between the Mach wave wavefront and a vector that points opposite to the vector of motion. It is given by
    $\mu =\arcsin \left({\frac {1}{M}}\right),$
where M is the Mach number.
Mach waves can be used in schlieren or shadowgraph observations to determine the local Mach number of the flow. Early observations by Ernst Mach used grooves in the wall of a duct to produce Mach waves in a duct, which were then photographed by the schlieren method, to obtain data about the flow in nozzles and ducts. Mach angles may also occasionally be visualized out of their condensation in air, for example vapor cones around aircraft during transonic flight.
# Beauvoisin, Drôme

Beauvoisin (French pronunciation:; Occitan: Bèuvesin) is a commune in the Drôme department in southeastern France.
# Phrontisterion of Trapezous

The Phrontisterion of Trapezous (Greek: Φροντιστήριο Τραπεζούντος, "Trapezous College") was a Greek educational institution that operated from 1682/3 to 1921 in Trabzon (Gr. Τραπεζούς, Trapezous), in the Ottoman Empire, now Turkey. It provided a major impetus for the rapid expansion of Greek education throughout the Pontus region, on the south coast of the Black Sea. The building still retains its function as a prestigious highschool, and it has been considered as the most impressive Pontic Greek monument in Trabzon.

## Background

In the Middle Ages, Trabzon was the capital of the Empire of Trebizond, one of the successor states to the Byzantine Empire, and the last Greek state to be annexed by the Ottomans, in 1461. During the following centuries a strong Greek community continued to live in the city and the Pontus region.

## History

The school was founded by Sevastos Kyminitis, a forerunner of the modern Greek Enlightenment, in 1682/3 and became the most influential center of Greek education in Pontus. The school was initially housed at the Sümela Monastery, with its main goal being the cultivation of the national and religious identity of the local Greek communities. The school was supported by generous donations granted by wealthy Greek families, including the Velissarides and Kallivazis families, members of which controlled trade in most of the Black Sea Ports.
In 1817, Savvas Triantafyllidis became director of the Phrontisterion and the institution reached a higher level of educational standards as a result of the modern Greek Enlightenment. After 1839, and especially 1856, the Ottoman authorities allowed teachers that were trained in Athens, Greece to teach at the Phronstisterion. One of them, Periklis Triantafyllidis, the son of Savvas, taught classical philosophy and also recorded the local Greek dialect, Pontic Greek.
In 1902 the Phrontisterion was re-housed in a new, imposing building, which remains today as the most impressive Pontic Greek monument in Trabzon. It was a three-story building consisting of 36 classrooms, standing above the sea shore corniche of the city near the now destroyed Greek Orthodox Church of Gregory of Nyssa and the Armenian Cathedral. The school closed in November 1921, during the Greco-Turkish War (1919-1922), while the following years the local Greek communities left the region as part of the population exchange between Greece and Turkey. Today the building houses a Turkish school, the Kanuni Anadolu Lisesi.
# Nazarabad, Delfan

Nazarabad (Persian: نظراباد, also Romanized as Naz̄arābād and Naz̧arābād) is a village in Mirbag-e Shomali Rural District, in the Central District of Delfan County, Lorestan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 218, in 40 families.
# Jing Yuexiu

Jing Yuexiu, 井岳秀, (September 6, 1878 – February 1, 1936) was a warlord from Shaanxi during the Warlord Era. He was born in what is now Tongchuan, Shaanxi on September 6, 1878. His whole life was spent in the army, and he ruled Shaanxi from the city of Yulin for 23 years. He was called "榆林王" or "the Yulin king" because of his major base at Yulin, though he was much more powerful and actually controlled most of Shaanxi for most of his reign. He died of an accidental self-inflicted gunshot wound February 1, 1936.

## Career

Jing Yuexiu joined with other minor warlords in Shaanxi in 1918 to form the jingguojun ("Reverence-the-Republic" Army), and chose as their leader the Shaanxi Kuomintang leader Yu Youren. In 1922, warlord Liu Zhenhua defeated Yu Youren and took control of Shaanxi, except for isolated corners of the province such as Yulin, where Jing Yuexiu and the remnants of the jingguojun continued in control. In 1924, Sun Yue, a commander of the Guominjun, entered Shaanxi and compelled Liu Zhenhua to submit, while recognizing Jing Yuexiu's authority in the northern part of the province. However, Liu swiftly turned against the Guominjun, leading Jing to cooperate with Guominjun faction leader Feng Yuxiang as he led a successful counterattack into Shaanxi. The new Guominjun-appointed leader of Shaanxi was Song Zheyuan, although Jing's submission to his authority was nominal.