OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Kwangmyong Encyclopedia

The Kwangmyong Encyclopedia(광명백과사전) is a 20-volume encyclopedia published in North Korea. It includes more than 58,000 entries and 9,000 photos, pictures and maps.

## History

The prep work for the encyclopedia began in 2004. The encyclopedia has been published since 2006, and was completed in 2013.

## Content

Contents of Book are as follows:
    Book 1. History of Korea
    Book 2. World History
    Book 3. Politics/Law
    Book 4.Philosophy
    Book 5.Economy
    Book 6.Literature/Art
    Book 7.Education/Language/Publishing/Broadcasting
    Book 8.Korean geography
    Book 9.World geography
    Book 10.Mathematics
    Book 11.Physics
    Book 12.Chemistry
    Book 13.Life sciences
    Book 14.Astronomy, Environment
    Book 15.Information, aviation, Nanotechnology
    Book 16.Mining/Metal/machinery/electronics
    Book 17.chemical engineering/light industries/construction/transport/Postal services
    Book 18.Agriculture/forestry/fishery
    Book 19.Human body/Health
    Book 20.Physical education
# History of slavery in Iowa

Slavery occurred in Iowa prior to 1846, but the extent and significance of slavery in pre-state Iowa is poorly understood. Little is known about slavery in Iowa prior to the Louisiana Purchase. The area that is now the American state of Iowa was part of New France when first settled by Europeans. As such, it was governed by its slavery laws. French settlers first brought African slaves into Upper Louisiana from Saint-Domingue around 1720 under the legal terms of the Code Noir, which defined the conditions of slavery in the French empire and restricted the activities of free Black persons.
In the pre-state Iowa Territory, there are sporadic accounts of slaves in Iowa. In its first decision, In Re the Matter of Ralph, decided July, 1839, the Iowa Territorial Supreme Court determined that "no man in this territory can be reduced to slavery" and a fugitive former slave living in Dubuque could not be forcibly returned to Missouri. However this decision against slavery was difficult to enforce. In the 1840 United States census 16 enslaved people were recorded in Iowa Territory, all living in Dubuque County. The only recorded slave sale occurred in 1841, when O. H. W. Stull, the Iowa territorial secretary, purchased an enslaved boy in Iowa City. Josiah Smart, a U.S. Government Indian Agent, owned two slaves while working at Fort Des Moines before 1845.
Slavery was outlawed in Iowa when it obtained statehood in 1846; Section 23 of the Bill of Rights in the Constitution of the State of Iowa expressly prohibited slavery. In the years leading up to the Civil War, many Iowans became involved in the Underground Railroad, and famed abolitionist John Brown used Iowa as a base for his anti-slavery campaigns, 1856–1859. The state of Iowa played a significant role during the American Civil War in providing food, supplies, troops and officers for the Union army.
# Rakitnik

Rakitnik (pronounced; Italian: Rachiteni) is a village settlement south of Postojna in the Inner Carniola region of Slovenia.
The Postojna Airfield, sometimes also referred to as the Rakitnik Airfield, a grass-covered sports airfield, is located just north of the settlement.

## Church

The local church is dedicated to the Betrothal of Mary and belongs to the Parish of Matenja Vas.
# Banu Adi

Banu Adi (Arabic: بنو عدي) was a clan of the Quraysh tribe descended from Adi ibn Ka'b. The Banu Adi were with the Meccans as part of the escort that preceded the Battle of Badr; they did not join Quraysh further.

## Notable members

Clan members include:
* Umar ibn al-Khattab, the second caliph.
* Zayd ibn al-Khattab, (died 632) companion of Muḥammad and the brother of Umar.
* Sa'id bin Zayd, (died 671) companion of Muḥammad.
* Zayd ibn Amr: (died 605) was a monotheist who lived in Mecca before Islam and father of Sa'id bin Zayd.
* Khattab ibn Nufayl: father of Caliph Umar
* Fatimah bint al-Khattab
* Zayd ibn Umar: son of Umar
* Abdullah ibn Umar: son of Caliph Umar
* Hafsa bint Umar: wife of Muhammad
* Al-Shifa' bint Abdullah: the only literate female sahaba
* Asim ibn Umar: son of Umar, one of the Tabi‘in.
* Salim ibn Abd-Allah (d. 728) was the Tabi‘un, scholar and hadith narrator. He was the grandson of Umar.
* Umar ibn Ibrahim ibn Waqid al-Umari, the Governor of Yemen for the Abbasid Caliphate from 813 to mid-814 CE.
* Abu Turab al-Zahiri: born in India of Arab Indian descent
* Barrah bint Awf, maternal grandmother of Barrah bint Abd al-Uzza and great-great-grandmother of Muhammad
# Memphis Free Speech

The Memphis Free Speech was an African American newspaper founded in 1881 in Memphis, Tennessee, by the Reverend Taylor Nightingale, based at the Beale Street Baptist Church. In 1888 the publication's name was changed to the Memphis Free Speech and Headlight when Nightingale was joined by J. L. Fleming, a newspaperman from Crittenden County, Arkansas, who had previously edited the Marion Headlight "until a white mob 'liberated' the county from black rule and ran him out of town." The following year Ida B. Wells was invited to contribute to the paper but declined to do so unless she was an equal partner, so with the agreement of Nightingale and Fleming she bought a one-third interest, becoming the editor while Fleming was the business manager and Nightingale the sales manager.
As an investigative journalist and campaigner against lynching, Wells wrote articles for the Free Press and Headlight, including a notable editorial on May 21, 1892, refuting what she called the "that old threadbare lie that Negro men rape White women. If Southern men are not careful, a conclusion might be reached which will be very damaging to the moral reputation of their women." Days later, on May 27, 1892, a White mob ransacked the newspaper's office, destroying the building and its contents. As Wells would note in her diary: "I thought then it was the white southerner's chivalrous defense of his womanhood which caused the mob to destroy my paper, even though it was known that the truth had been spoken. I know now that it was an excuse to do what they had wanted to do before but had not dared because they had no good reason until the appearance of that famous editorial."
According to the Tennessee Encyclopedia, no copy of the Memphis Free Speech survives.
# Keep It Spotless

Keep It Spotless is an American competition television program that aired on Nickelodeon from March 26, 2018 to November 20, 2018. The program is presented by Melissa van der Schyff.

## Premise

The program features children contestants competing for cash prizes as they aim to keep themselves clean while they navigate and make their way around an obstacle course, which contains various means to splatter the contestants with non-toxic paint in various colors. The contestants must avoid the paint as much as possible and are scored in percentiles, based on how little paint ends up on their all-white clothing (for instance, 30 points are scored if an after-game scan confirms the contestant was 30% 'spotless', or 70% covered with paint upon their clothes).

## Episodes

| No. | Title | Original air date | Prod. code | U.S. viewers (millions) |
| 1 | "Use Your Head" | March 26, 2018 (2018-03-26) | 104 | 1.11 |
| 2 | "Friends 'til the End" | March 27, 2018 (2018-03-27) | 106 | 1.10 |
| 3 | "Sibling Rivalry" | March 28, 2018 (2018-03-28) | 108 | 1.13 |
| 4 | "Why Are You Doing This to Me?" | March 29, 2018 (2018-03-29) | 111 | 1.16 |
| 5 | "Which Way to the Gym?" | March 30, 2018 (2018-03-30) | 109 | 1.08 |
| 6 | "I'm Not a Worm" | April 2, 2018 (2018-04-02) | 102 | 1.01 |
| 7 | "Do the Math" | April 3, 2018 (2018-04-03) | 114 | 1.13 |
| 8 | "Where's the Party?" | April 4, 2018 (2018-04-04) | 113 | 0.92 |
| 9 | "Color Me Bad" | April 5, 2018 (2018-04-05) | 103 | 0.85 |
| 10 | "Slippery When Wet" | April 6, 2018 (2018-04-06) | 107 | 1.04 |
| 11 | "Block It Out" | November 5, 2018 (2018-11-05) | 116 | 0.92 |
| 12 | "Twin Cities" | November 6, 2018 (2018-11-06) | 110 | 0.69 |
| 13 | "Toss Up" | November 7, 2018 (2018-11-07) | 105 | 0.89 |
| 14 | "The Tortoise vs. the Hare" | November 8, 2018 (2018-11-08) | 112 | 0.81 |
| 15 | "You're Funny!" | November 13, 2018 (2018-11-13) | 117 | 0.95 |
| 16 | "Besties vs. Twinsies" | November 14, 2018 (2018-11-14) | 101 | 0.82 |
| 17 | "Game, Set, Match" | November 15, 2018 (2018-11-15) | 119 | 0.82 |
| 18 | "Look Out!" | November 19, 2018 (2018-11-19) | 115 | 0.76 |
| 19 | "Three Hands" | November 20, 2018 (2018-11-20) | 118 | 0.94 |
| 20 | "Get a Grip" | November 20, 2018 (2018-11-20) | 120 | 0.81 |

## Production

The program is produced by ITV Entertainment and Hard Nocks South Productions and based on a UK format from ITV Studios-owned entertainment label Possessed and created by Simon Crossley titled Spotless. The program also takes inspiration from Nickelodeon classics, including Double Dare and You Can't Do That on Television.

## Ratings

Viewership and ratings per season of Keep It Spotless :
| Season | Episodes | First aired | First aired | Last aired | Last aired | Avg. viewers (millions) |
| Season | Episodes | Date | Viewers (millions) | Date | Viewers (millions) | Avg. viewers (millions) |
| 1 | 20 | March 26, 2018 (2018-03-26) | 1.11 | November 20, 2018 (2018-11-20) | 0.81 | 0.95 |
# Elizabeth Chambers (actress)

Elizabeth Chambers (18 August 1933 – 26 May 2018) was an English actress best known for her portrayal of Domenica Van Meyer in the 1980s drama series Tenko. She has also appeared in The Bill, The Onedin Line, To Play the King and One Foot in the Grave.
# Rhabdopleura

Rhabdopleura is a genus of colonial sessile hemichordates belonging to the Pterobranchia class. As one of the oldest living genera with a fossil record dating back to the Middle Cambrian, it is also considered to be the only living genus of graptolites.
Rhabdopleura is the best studied pterobranch in developmental biology. Research in the 2010s by Jörg Maletz and other paleontologists and biologists have demonstrated that Rhabdopleura is an extant graptolite.

## Species

List of species from Maletz (2014):

### Living species

The genus Rhabdopleura contains at least five living species.
* Rhabdopleura annulata Norman 1921 — Indo-Pacific region
* Rhabdopleura compacta Hincks 1880 — Atlantic
* Rhabdopleura normani Allmann, 1869 — Atlantic and parts of the Pacific
* Rhabdopleura recondita Beli, Cameron and Piraino, 2018 — Mediterranean
* Rhabdopleura striata Schepotieff 1909 — Pacific (Sri Lanka)

### Nomina dubia (doubtful)

* Rhabdopleura grimaldi Julien 1890 nomen dubium
* Rhabdopleura manubialis Jullien & Calvet 1903 nomen dubium

### Extinct species

* †Rhabdopleura delmari Mortelmans 1955
* †Rhabdopleura graysoni Chapman, Durman & Rickards 1995
* †Rhabdopleura hollandi Rickards, Chapman & Temple 1984
* †Rhabdopleura kozlowskii Kulicki 1969
* †Rhabdopleura obuti Durman & Sennikov 1993
* †Rhabdopleura sinica Chapman, Durman & Rickards 1995
* †Rhabdopleura vistulae Kozlowski 1956

## Fossil record

The fossil record for Rhabdopleura dates back to the Middle Cambrian. There are also Rhabdopleura fossils from the Eocene.
# History of slavery in Montana

The history of slavery in Montana is generally seen as short and limited. The issue was contentious for the legislature between the creation of the Nebraska Territory (which Montana was a part of) in 1854 and the outbreak of the American Civil War in 1861. However, there was apparently a particular acceptance of African Americans in the Nebraska Territory when they first arrived en masse. According to a publication by the Federal Writers Project,
   In the Territory of Nebraska the fight to exclude slavery from within the territorial boundaries spread from the Senate to the press and to the pulpit. Even among the slaves in the South the word spread that here was a place where the attitude toward Negroes was tempered with tolerance.

## Early history

York, an enslaved African American held by William Clark, traveled and worked with him in 1804 and 1806 as part of the famous Lewis and Clark Expedition's exploration of the Missouri River lands. He was the first black person recorded in what would become Montana. A number of Montana's geographical features were named after York by the expedition, including the Yorks Islands in Broadwater County, Montana, and the "York's Dry Creek", a tributary of the Yellowstone River, in Custer County, Montana.
In 1820, the United States Congress passed the Missouri Compromise. It prohibited slavery in the unorganized lands that would become the Nebraska Territory. The topic of slavery in Nebraska Territory would not be revisited by Congress until 1854.
# National Route 145 (Costa Rica)

National Secondary Route 145, or just Route 145 (Spanish: Ruta Nacional Secundaria 145, or Ruta 145) is a National Road Route of Costa Rica, located in the Guanacaste province.

## Description

In Guanacaste province the route covers Abangares canton (Las Juntas, Sierra districts), Tilarán canton (Tilarán, Quebrada Grande, Cabeceras districts).
# Stanley Rogers Resor

Stanley Rogers Resor (December 5, 1917 – April 17, 2012) was an American lawyer, military officer, and government official.

## Early life and education

Born in New York City, he was the son of Helen Lansdowne Resor and Stanley B. Resor (pronounced REE-zor), president of the J. W. Thompson advertising agency and one of the originators of the modern advertising industry. While still a teenager he changed his name from Stanley Burnet Resor Jr. to Stanley Rogers Resor.
After attending the Groton School, Resor attended Yale University, where he was tapped to join Scroll and Key. He graduated in 1939 and went on to Yale Law School where he was a contemporary of Sargent Shriver (also a member of Scroll and Key), Gerald Ford, and Cyrus Vance (who preceded him as Secretary of the Army and himself was a member of Scroll and Key and in the same year at Yale). Resor's education was interrupted by service as an Army officer in World War II (1942–1946), where he was awarded the Silver Star, Bronze Star, and the Purple Heart.

## Career

After the war, Resor went to work on Wall Street, and was made partner in the prominent Debevoise & Plimpton law firm. In 1965 during the Vietnam War, President Lyndon Johnson appointed him Secretary of the Army and he remained in the position under President Richard Nixon until 1971. In 1984, he was awarded the United States Military Academy's Sylvanus Thayer Award.
During the 1970s he served as US ambassador to the MBFR (mutual and balanced force reduction) talks in Vienna, held between NATO and the Warsaw Pact. Over time he grew critical of U.S. policy regarding nuclear weapons, and was a member of and spokesperson for the Arms Control Association of America in 1997 when it protested NATO expansion into Eastern Europe based on concerns about the reaction of the Russian government to perceived encroachment by NATO. He returned to Debevoise & Plimpton after he left government service and retired in 1991.

## Personal life

Resor married Jane Pillsbury of the Pillsbury family in 1942 in a ceremony attended by John F. Kennedy and Cyrus Vance. They had seven sons. After Jane's death in 1994 he married Louise Mead Resor in 1999.
# Edward Wright (artist)

Edward Wright (16 July 1912 – 16 October 1988) was an English painter, typographer and graphic designer.

## Life and creative work

He was born in Liverpool in the family of Ecuadorian vice-consul (his mother was Chilean). He trained and worked a short period of time as an architect before being engaged in painting, drawing, print-making, and so called "commercial art". Beginning from 1942 he lived in London and worked in book publishing and advertising, and teaching graphic design at the Central School and at Chelsea School of Art. He refused to separate art from design. "Among his exceptional work is the lettering that he made for modern buildings, often managing both a specific design and an alphabet that could be applied more generally".
In the early 1950s he was a member of the Independent Group, and taught at the Central School of Art with Anthony Froshaug, Nigel Henderson and Eduardo Paolozzi. He designed the catalogue for the exhibition This Is Tomorrow at the Whitechapel Gallery in 1956. In the late 1950s he worked at Rathbone Books, essentially a book packaging firm, which had grown out of the wartime venture of Adprint.
Wright later taught at the London College of Printing, Cambridge University School of Architecture and the Royal College of Art. His architectural lettering work included the foundation stone for Churchill College, Cambridge (1961), and the Flaxman lettering and numbering system for New Scotland Yard’s rotating sign (1968), Wright's original concept for which was that its '‘revolving triangular shape and reflective steel lettering was symbolic of the Met’s constant vigilance in guarding our safety.'
In 1963, Wright was a signatory of Ken Garland's First Things First manifesto. Edwin Taylor – friend and "companion of the road" told about Wright:
   Edward was not the sort of typographer who regarded individual letter forms as a precious jewels to be polished and placed in a tiara. To Edward, each letter was a living form to be explored and shaped to suit a particular need or belief, in the same way an African carver would search out the core spirit and life-force in a piece of wood.

## Book about him

* Petra Cerne Oven (editor), Edward Wright: readings, writings, ISBN 978-0-7049-1322-6
# Hans Bühler

Hans E. Bühler (12 April 1893 – 1 June 1967) was a Swiss horse rider who competed in the 1924 Summer Olympics.
In 1924 he and his horse Sailor Boy won the silver medal as part of the Swiss team in the team jumping competition, after finishing twentieth in the individual jumping event. He and his horse Mikosch also participated in the individual eventing and finished 14th. As member of the Swiss eventing team they finished fourth in the team eventing.
# Kilippattu

Kilippattu or parrot song is a genre of Malayalam poems in which the narrator is a parrot, a bee, a swan, and so on. Kiḷippaṭṭu was popularized by the 16th-century poet Ezhuthachan (The Father Of The Malayalam language).
In Adhyathmaramayanam (work of Ezhuthachan), each chapter starts with calling of parrot and asking it tell song of Rama.

## Famous kiḷippaṭṭu

* Adhyathmaramayanam - Ezhuthachan
* Mahabharatham kilippattu - Ezhuthachan
* Sivapuranam kilippattu - Kunchan Nambiar
* Devimahathmyam Kilippattu
* Kadangot Makkam (kilippattu) - myth of Kadangot Makkam
# History of slavery in South Dakota

The history of slavery in South Dakota is generally seen as short and limited. The issue was contentious for the legislature between the creation of the Nebraska Territory (which South Dakota was a part of) in 1854 and the outbreak of the American Civil War in 1861. However, there was apparently a particular acceptance of African Americans in the Nebraska Territory when they first arrived en masse. According to a publication by the Federal Writers Project,
   In the Territory of Nebraska the fight to exclude slavery from within the territorial boundaries spread from the Senate to the press and to the pulpit. Even among the slaves in the South the word spread that here was a place where the attitude toward Negroes was tempered with tolerance.

## Early history

York, an enslaved African American held by William Clark, traveled and worked with him in 1804 and 1806 as part of the famous Lewis and Clark Expedition's exploration of the Missouri River lands. He was the first black person recorded in what would become South Dakota.
In 1820, the United States Congress passed the Missouri Compromise. It prohibited slavery in the unorganized lands that would become the Nebraska Territory. The topic of slavery in Nebraska Territory would not be revisited by Congress until 1854.
# Jeff Munn

Jeff Munn is an American public address announcer for the Arizona Diamondbacks of Major League Baseball and the former public address announcer for the Phoenix Suns of the National Basketball Association.
Munn began his broadcasting career as a senior at Phoenix Carl Hayden High School, then later announced games at Phoenix College in the late 1970s. After this, he served as the stadium voice of the Tostitos Fiesta Bowl for 13 years. Munn has announced at several major events. He served as an announcer for the 1993 U.S. Figure Skating Championships, the 1995 NBA All-Star Game, the 2000 WNBA All-Star Game, and the 2001 World Series. In 1996, he was selected as one of four announcers for the basketball competition at the Summer Olympics in Atlanta and handled the announcing duties for the Men's Gold Medal Game. In 2004, Munn was hired as the play-by-play voice for the Arizona State University women's basketball team.
Munn, who served as the arena voice for the Suns for 12 seasons, is also the fill-in radio play-by-play voice of the Diamondbacks.
# Clive Handford

George Clive Handford CMG (born 17 April 1937) is an English Anglican bishop. He was the fourth Anglican Bishop in Cyprus and the Gulf.

## Early life

Handford was born on 17 April 1937. He studied at Hatfield College, Durham University, graduating with a 2:1 degree in Modern Arabic Studies. He then underwent ministerial formation at Queen's College, Edgbaston.

## Ordained ministry

Handford was made a deacon at Michaelmas in 1963 (22 September), by Morris Gelsthorpe, Assistant Bishop of Southwell, and ordained a priest at the Trinity Sunday following (24 May 1964), by Gordon Savage, Bishop of Southwell, both times at Southwell Minster;. He then began his ministry as an assistant curate at St Peter and St Paul's Church, Mansfield in the Diocese of Southwell and Nottingham between 1963 and 1967.
In 1967, Handford started what was to be a long association with the Middle East. He was a chaplain in Baghdad, Iraq, in 1967, followed by six years as a chaplain in Beirut, Lebanon. He then served as Dean of St. George's Cathedral, Jerusalem from 1974 to 1978. Then, from 1978 to 1983, he was co-currently Archdeacon in the Gulf and chaplain in Abu Dhabi and Qatar.
Often embroiled in centuries old disputes, he clearly stated his own view in a letter to The Times in 1977:
   "I am neither pro-Arab nor pro-Jew, I am pro-human."
Returning to England, he became Vicar of Kneesall, Archdeacon of Nottingham. Then in 1990, he was elected Bishop suffragan of Warwick and consecrated a bishop on 6 December at Westminster Abbey. He was then translated to the Mediterranean Anglican Diocese of Cyprus and the Gulf where he served the Anglican Community until retirement in 2007. During much of that time, he served as Presiding Bishop of the Episcopal Church in Jerusalem and the Middle East.
In retirement, he still maintains his links with the church and serves as an honorary assistant bishop in the Diocese of Ripon and Leeds.
# Vapar Sar

Vapar Sar (Persian: وپرسر; also known as Vafar Sar) is a village in Rahimabad Rural District, Rahimabad District, Rudsar County, Gilan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 24, in 5 families.