OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# National Defence College of Thailand

The National Defence College of Thailand or NDC (Thai: วิทยาลัยป้องกันราชอาณาจักร; RTGS: Witthayalai Pongkan Ratcha-anachak) is an education organization that provides advanced training for both senior military officers and civilians. It is operated by the Royal Thai Armed Forces Headquarters of the Ministry of Defence.

## History

The NDC was founded in on 2 February 1955 by Field Marshal Plaek Phibunsongkhram by opening the study for top executives of the military and civilian sectors only. Later in 1989, the National Defense Course for the Joint State-Private Sector was opened so that business executives at the level of business owners or executives have been educated with senior executives of the government. In 2003, opened the National Defense Course for national, private, and political by accepting more politicians.
Currently, this course is not open to study. With the requirements of those who will be considered for this study if being a civil servant must be a high-level director or equivalent or higher, If being a military officer must have a rank of Colonel, Captain, Group Captain up and if being a police officer must have a Police Colonel rank.
# Savyolki District

Savyolki (Russian: Савёлки) is a district of Moscow within Zelenogradsky Administrative Okrug.
# Zhuravlin

Zhuravlin (Russian: Журавлин) is a rural locality (a khutor) in Nizhnemedveditsky Selsoviet Rural Settlement, Kursky District, Kursk Oblast, Russia. Population: 58 (2010 Census); 57 (2002 Census);

## Geography

The khutor is located on the Bolshaya Kuritsa River (a right tributary of the Seym River), 94 km from the Russia–Ukraine border, 18 km north-west of Kursk, 3.5 km from the selsoviet center – Verkhnyaya Medveditsa.

### Climate

Zhuravlin has a warm-summer humid continental climate (Dfb in the Köppen climate classification).

## Transport

Zhuravlin is located 1.5 km from the federal route M-2 Crimea Highway (a part of the European route E105), 1.5 km from the road of intermunicipal significance 38H-196 ("Crimea Highway" – Dronyayevo), 17 km from the nearest railway halt Bukreyevka (railway line Oryol – Kursk).
The rural locality is situated 21.5 km from Kursk Vostochny Airport, 139 km from Belgorod International Airport and 220 km from Voronezh Peter the Great Airport.
# Jerzy Passendorfer

Jerzy Passendorfer (April 8, 1923 in Wilno – February 20, 2003 in Skolimów, near Warsaw, Poland) was a Polish film director, specialising in films about the German occupation of Poland in World War II, and member of parliament.
Passendorfer graduated from the Film and TV School of the Academy of Performing Arts in Prague in 1951, and went on to become the leading exponent of the popular "national combatant" genre in the 1960s. As well as many films he directed the popular TV serial Janosik.
Passendorfer served in the Sejm, the lower house of the Polish parliament, from 1993 to 1997 on the Democratic Left Alliance list.

## Filmography

* Treasure of Captain Martens (1957) by novel of Janusz Meissner
* Signals (1959)
* Assassination (1959)
* The Return (1960)
* Judgment (1961) by novel of Jerzy Przeździecki
* Broken Bridge (1962) by novel of Roman Bratny
* Bathed in Fire (1963) by novel of Wojciech Żukrowski
* The Colors of the Fight (1964) by novel of Mieczysław Moczar
* Justice Sunday (1965)
* The Strong Hit (1966)
* Heading to Berlin (1968) by novel Wojciech Żukrowski
* The Day of the Purification (1969) by novel of Jerzy Przeździecki
* The Last Days (1969)
* Kill the Black Sheep (1971) by novel of Ryszard Kłyś
* Janosik (1974)
* Victory (1974)
* Seagulls (1986) by novel of Stanisław Goszczurny
# Itascatown, Howland Island

In 1935, colonists from the American Equatorial Islands Colonization Project arrived on the island to establish a permanent U.S. presence in the Central Pacific. It began with a rotating group of four alumni and students from the Kamehameha School for Boys, a private school in Honolulu. Although the recruits had signed on as part of a scientific expedition and expected to spend their three-month assignment collecting botanical and biological samples, once out to sea, they were told, according to one of the Jarvis Island colonists, George West, "Your names will go down in history" and that the islands would become "famous air bases in a route that will connect Australia with California".
The settlement was named Itascatown after the USCGC Itasca that brought the colonists to Howland and made regular cruises between the other equatorial islands during that era. Itascatown was a line of a half-dozen small wood-framed structures and tents near the beach on the island's western side. The fledgling colonists were given large stocks of canned food, water, and other supplies, including a gasoline-powered refrigerator, radio equipment, medical kits, and (characteristic of that era) vast quantities of cigarettes. Fishing provided variety in their diet. Most of the colonists' endeavors involved making hourly weather observations and constructing rudimentary infrastructure on the island, including the clearing of a landing strip for airplanes. During this period, the island was on Hawaii time, which was then 10.5 hours behind UTC. Similar colonization projects were started on nearby Baker Island and Jarvis Island, as well as Canton Island and Enderbury in the Phoenix Islands, which later became part of Kiribati. According to the 1940 U.S. Census, Howland Island had a population of four people on April 1, 1940.
* This United States Unincorporated Territory in the Pacific location article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
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# Lisovo, Kursk Oblast

Lisovo (Russian: Лисово) is a rural locality (Russian: деревня, lit. 'village') in Polevskoy Selsoviet Rural Settlement, Kursky District, Kursk Oblast, Russia. Population: 163 (2010 Census); 158 (2002 Census);

## Geography

The village is located on the Seym River (a left tributary of the Desna), 104 km from the Russia–Ukraine border, 29 km south-east of the district center – the town Kursk, 6 km from the selsoviet center – Polevaya.

### Climate

Lisovo has a warm-summer humid continental climate (Dfb in the Köppen climate classification).

## Transport

Lisovo is located 8 km from the federal route P-298 (Kursk – Voronezh – P-22 "Kaspy" Highway; a part of the European route E38), 6.5 km from the road of regional importance 38K-014 (R-298 – Polevaya), on the road of intermunicipal significance 38H-299 (38K-014 – Demino), 2.5 km from the nearest railway halt Gutorovo (railway line Klyukva — Belgorod).
The rural locality is situated 28 km from Kursk Vostochny Airport, 106 km from Belgorod International Airport and 183 km from Voronezh Peter the Great Airport.
# Gharm

Gharm is a city and jamoat in the Rasht Valley area of central Tajikistan. The population of the town is 9,800 (January 2020 estimate).
From the 1920s until 1955, there was a Gharm Oblast in Tajikistan, which included the territory of the current Gharm Valley. Gharm is also the former name of the Rasht District in central Tajikistan.

## History

During the 1920s Gharm was a hotbed for the Basmachi, the anti-Soviet resistance in Central Asia. In 1929 Basmachi commander Faizal Maksum crossed from Afghanistan into Tajikistan and briefly captured Gharm, only to later be expelled by Soviet forces.
During the Civil War in Tajikistan from 1992 to 1997, Gharm was a hotbed for the opposition force, and the town was controlled by the opposition during the later part of the civil war in Tajikistan. In October 2010, the Tajik Interior Ministry asserted it had killed three militants on the outskirts of Gharm amid an alleged rise in Islamic militancy in the region.

## Climate

Climate data for Gharm :
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 0 (32) | 1 (34) | 6 (43) | 13 (55) | 12 (54) | 16 (61) | 18 (64) | 18 (64) | 19 (66) | 14 (57) | 9 (48) | 3 (37) | 11 (52) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | −4 (25) | −3 (27) | 1 (34) | 6 (43) | 7 (45) | 9 (48) | 11 (52) | 12 (54) | 8 (46) | 5 (41) | 3 (37) | −1 (30) | 5 (41) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 24 (0.9) | 30 (1.2) | 51 (2.0) | 36 (1.4) | 21 (0.8) | 6 (0.2) | 3 (0.1) | 3 (0.1) | 6 (0.2) | 15 (0.6) | 18 (0.7) | 39 (1.5) | 253 (10.0) |
| Average precipitation days | 7 | 8 | 9 | 7 | 5 | 4 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 5 | 5 | 9 | 65 |
| Source: World Weather Online ||||||||||||||
# Trethewey (surname)

Trethewey is a surname of Cornish origin. It is derived from any of the various settlements in Cornwall called Trethewey.
Notable people with the surname include:
* Fred Trethewey (born 1949), British archdeacon
* Natasha Trethewey (born 1966), American poet
* Richard Trethewey (born c. 1955), American plumber and television personality
* Robert Trethewey (1902–1989), Australian politician
* Tom Trethewey (born 1944), American swimmer
* William Griffith Trethewey (1865–1926), Canadian inventor, prospector and farmer
* William Trethewey (1892–1956), New Zealand sculptor and monumental mason
* ↑ Hanks, Patrick; Hodges, Flavia; et al. (2002). The Oxford Names Companion. Oxford University Press. p. 621. ISBN 0198605617
* ↑ "Cornish Surnames - extensive A-Z list". Ancestry.com. Archived from the original on 2011-07-07. Retrieved 2011-06-18.
# Eusebius (bishop of Milan)

Eusebius (Italian: Eusebio) was Archbishop of Milan from 449 to 462. He is honoured as a saint and his feast day is 12 August.

## Life

According to the writings of Ennodius, bishop of Pavia in early 6th-century, Eusebius was Greek. He probably participated, as bishop of Milan, to a synod held in Rome in 449 which condemned the doctrines of Eutyches, deemed to be heretic. Surely Eusebius was the addressee of a letter written by Pope Leo the Great and carried to Milan in 451 by Abundius bishop of Como and Senator, who were returning to North Italy from Constantinople. In 451 Eusebius convened a Provincial Council in Milan, attended by eighteen bishops, where the Tome of Leo was read and approved, and consequently the doctrines of Eutyches were condemned.
The main political event in Eusebius' episcopate was the 452 invasion of Italy by the Huns led by Attila. The Huns razed Aquileia and then moved East and sacked numerous cities such as Padua. They entered also in Milan where Attila occupied the imperial palace and set fire to a large part of the town, destroying also the cathedral of Saint Tecla. Eusebius, along with many citizens, fled from the Huns and left the town. They returned in Milan only when Attila was convinced by Pope Leo to retire. Eusebius led the reconstruction of the town, including the cathedral which was re-consecrated in 453 by Maximus II bishop of Turin (not to be confused with Saint Maximus of Turin) who for the occasion spoke the homily De reparatione ecclesiae mediolanensis.
Eusebius died on 8 August, probably in 462, and his remains were interred in the city's basilica of St. Lorenzo Maggiore. His feast is celebrated on 12 August. A late tradition, with no historical basis, associates Eusebius with the Milan's family of the Pagani.
# Northumberland Betrayed By Douglas

Northumberland Betrayed By Douglas (also Northumberland Betrayed by Dowglas) is an English-language folk song, catalogued as Child ballad 176 and Roud Folk Song Index number 4006. It tells of the Seventh Earl of Northumberland fleeing to Scotland.

## Synopsis

The Earl of Northumberland, Thomas Percy, escapes to Scotland and is taken into custody. Despite his protestations of virtue, he is passed from hand to hand, ending in the custody of Douglas. Earl Percy sets sail, with the mindset that he will be freed, but instead ends up under the control of Lord Hunsden.
# Tālesh

Tālesh (Persian: تالش) is a city in the Central District of Talesh County, Gilan province, Iran, serving as capital of both the county and the district.

## Demographics
### Language

The Iranian dialect of Tālesh is a dialect of Talysh language. The Iranian disability activist and artist Mitra Farazandeh was born in this town.
Linguistic composition of the city.
Tālesh linguistic composition
language
percent
Talysh
45%
Azerbaijani
30%
New Persian
20%
Northern Kurdish
5% :

### Population

At the time of the 2006 National Census, the city's population was 41,486 in 10,688 households. The following census in 2011 counted 52,344 people in 14,984 households. The 2016 census measured the population of the city as 54,178 people in 16,832 households.
# Albaji

Albaji (Persian: الباجي, also Romanized as Albājī and Ālbājī; also known as Albājī-ye Jadīd, Kamp-e Albājī, and Labājī) is a village in Elhayi Rural District, in the Central District of Ahvaz County, Khuzestan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 1,867, in 316 families.
# David Cunningham (bishop)

David Cunningham or Cunynghame (c. 1540–1600) was a 16th-century Scottish prelate and diplomat. He was the first Protestant Bishop of Aberdeen. His predecessor, William Gordon began as a Roman Catholic bishop, but accepted the Church of Scotland's authority.

## Life

Born around 1540, he graduated in the early 1560s as Master of Arts from St Leonard's College, St Andrews. Cunningham also studied Civil Law in France, at the University of Paris and the University of Bourges.
He became a Protestant sometime before 1562, when he was made minister of Lanark; he held this position until 1570, when he took over Lesmahagow, moving to Cadder in 1572 and then to Lenzie in 1574. Additionally, on 22 March 1572, Cunningham became Provost of Bothwell Collegiate Church.
After the appointment of Patrick Adamson as Archbishop of St Andrews in December 1576, Cunningham replaced Adamson as the chaplain of James Douglas, 4th Earl of Morton, Regent of Scotland. With access to such high level magnate patronage, on either 5 October or 5 November 1577, Cunningham was elected as Bishop of Aberdeen, receiving consecration at the Kirk of St Nicholas on 11 November. In this year, too, he became Chancellor of King's College, Aberdeen.
Cunningham would eventually enjoy a good relationship with the king, but his association with Regent Morton initially made him suspect. The death of his patron, Morton, in 1581, put his position under pressure, and he was forced to flee into the west for a little time. He was also under pressure from the a large section of the Scottish church, which was becoming more hostile to episcopacy; in 1586, the General Assembly accused him of adultery, a charge which the king cleared him of in 1587.
He became a trusted servant of the king, James VI of Scotland, and it was Cunningham who was chosen to baptise the king's son, Prince Henry, on 30 August 1594. The ceremony was held at Stirling Castle. Cunningham gave a speech outlining the genealogy of the prince, his English descent, and the recent history of the diplomatic relations of Scotland. His role at the baptism was controversial and the Presbytery of Edinburgh had asked kirk ministers to prevent or boycott his participation. Cunningham's speech was problematic for its reference to the English succession, reminding the audience of a controversial poem by Andrew Melville, Principis Scoti-Brittanorum Natalia{{.
Cunningham helped negotiate reconciliation between the king and the devoutly Catholic George Gordon, 6th Earl of Huntly. In 1598, he was sent as a diplomat with Peter Young to Denmark and Germany to promote King James' claims to the throne of the Kingdom of England.
David Cunningham died on 30 August 1600, at Aberdeen. He is buried in St Machar's Cathedral. He left assets of £3052 (Scots). He founded a grammar school in Banff.

## Family

In 1569 he married Katherine Wallace, but had no children. His widow married Robert Udny of Udny, near Tillicoultry.
# Tavros, Cyprus

Tavros (Greek: Ταύρος, literally 'Bull', Turkish: Pamuklu) is a village in the Famagusta District of Cyprus, located on the Karpass Peninsula. It is in the southern part of the peninsula between Bogaz and Koma Yialou (Kumyali), 1½ miles from the peninsula's south coast. It is under the de facto control of Northern Cyprus.
Until the invasion, Tavros was inhabited by Greek Cypriots. In 1891, the village population was 138 Greek Cypriots. Ten years later there were 167 Greek Cypriots. By 1960 there were 311 Greek Cypriots and 1 Turkish Cypriot.
During the invasion, in August 1974, most of the population fled southwards. 47 people attempted to remain and they were enclaved in Tavros until they were forced to move out of the Turkish sector of Cyprus in August 1976. Meanwhile, the village was given in 1975 the new Turkish name of Pamuklu, which means “place with cotton” or “made of cotton.”. Then in 1976–77, the village was settled with people from Giresun and Ordu in the Pontus region of Turkey and also from Yozgat Province just east of Ankara.
This village population in 2011 was 280, an increase from 256 in 2006.
The church of Ayios Sergios is situated at the east end of the village, on the old Nicosia-Karpas road. The new Nicosia-Karpas road bypasses the village on the north side.
# Urueña

Urueña is a municipality located in the province of Valladolid, Castile and León, Spain. According to the 2004 census (INE), the municipality has a population of 213 inhabitants.
The streets and stone houses have been restored to reflect those of a medieval town. The city still retains much of its walls, including two gates and the castle. The parish church, Santa María del Azogue, was built in gothic-renaissance styles.
It also features four museums. Outside the walled enclosure and within walking distance is the Romanesque-style Ermita de Nuestra Señora de la Anunciada (Hermitage of Our Lady of the Annunciation) and the ruins of an old monastery. Evidence of prehistoric inhabitants has been found in the region.
It is a member of the I.O.B.-International Organisation of Book Towns, a network of villages where second-hand and antiquarian bookshops are concentrated.

## Gallery

* view of urueña walls
* view of urueña
* street
* urueña walls
* urueña walls
* Castle of urueña
* Hermitage and walls
* Hermitage
* Church of Saint Mary of Azogue
* Joaquin Díaz Ethnographic Museum
# Official number

Official numbers are ship identifier numbers assigned to merchant ships by their country of registration. Each country developed its own official numbering system, some on a national and some on a port-by-port basis, and the formats have sometimes changed over time. As an internationally recognized ship identifier, national official numbers have largely been superseded by the IMO number, though flag states still use national systems, which also cover those vessels not subject to the IMO regulations.

## British official number

Beginning in 1855, with the implementation of the Merchant Shipping Act 1854, all British seagoing vessels were assigned an official number to give each ship a unique identity, even after being renamed or changing the port of registry.

## U.S. official number

After the passage of legislation in the United States Congress in 1866, all American ships were required to carve the official number on the main beam; the system was controlled by the Bureau of Statistics.
# Duryu-dong

Duryu is a dong (neighborhood) in Dalseo District, Daegu, South Korea. It is the site of Duryu Park and Woobang Tower Land, a popular Daegu amusement park. Although legally a single dong, Duryu-dong is divided into three administrative dong: Duryu-1[il]-, -2[i]-, and -3[sam]-dong. Together, the three administrative dong cover 2.44 km$^2$. They were home to 34,280 people as of October 31, 2005.
The region's name comes from Duryu-san, the hill on which Daegu Woobang Tower is situated. It is a hanja transcription of a dialect term meaning "round", referring to the hill's rounded shape.
Daegu Subway Line 2 passes through Duryu-dong, as does the Dalgubeol Expressway. A large number of clinics and hospitals are located in the area.
# Asad al-Hashemi

Asad Kamal Mohammed Abdullah al-Hashemi was an Iraqi politician and Culture Minister in the government of Nouri al-Maliki.

## Background

al-Hashemi is a Sunni Arab Iraqi who is a professor of Islamic studies. He is a member of the Iraqi People's Conference, a Sunni Arab-led political party led by Adnan al-Dulaimi, which is part of the Iraqi Accord Front electoral coalition.
al-Hashemi was appointed as Culture Minister in May 2006 as one of six members from the Iraqi Accord Front. His appointment was criticised by artists and intellectuals in Baghdad who said he wasn't qualified for the position. He was originally reported to have declined his appointment, but this was later denied.
In June 2007 a warrant was issued for Hashemi's arrest, accusing him of ordering the attempted assassination of the Sunni Arab Iraqi politician, Mithal al-Alusi, in February 2005. In response the Front suspended its participation in the government. al-Alusi then accused the US Embassy of giving shelter to Hashemi.
# Ertilsky District

Ertilsky District (Russian: Эрти́льский райо́н) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the thirty-two in Voronezh Oblast, Russia. It is located in the north of the oblast. The area of the district is 1,457.81 square kilometers (562.86 sq mi). Its administrative center is the town of Ertil. Population: 20,865 (2021 Census); 25,728 (2010 Census); 31,499 (2002 Census); 36,054 (1989 Soviet census). The population of Ertil accounts for 48.0% of the district's total population.
# Mueang Narathiwat district

Mueang Narathiwat (Thai: เมืองนราธิวาส, pronounced) is the capital district (amphoe mueang) of Narathiwat province, southern Thailand.

## History

The area of Mueang Narathiwat was originally a village named Menara (เมอนารา or เมอนารอ), under Mueang Sai Buri. Later it was upgraded to a tambon and changed to be controlled by Mueang Ra-ngae. Tambon Manalo grew bigger, so the government moved the city hall from Tambon Tanyong Mat to Manalo. Then they upgraded Tambon Manalo to Mueang Bang Nara. King Vajiravudh (Rama VI) renamed the city Narathiwat in 1915, however in 1917 the district was renamed from Mueang to the old name, Bang Nara. In 1938 the district name was changed to Mueang Narathiwat District.

## Geography

Neighboring districts are (from the southeast clockwise): Tak Bai, Cho-airong, Ra-ngae, Yi-ngo, and Bacho of Narathiwat Province; Mai Kaen of Pattani province and the Gulf of Thailand.
The important water resource is the Bang Nara River.
Ao Manao-Khao Tanyong National Park is in the district.

## Administration

The district is divided into seven sub-districts (tambons), which are further subdivided into 57 villages (mubans). The town (thesaban mueang) Narathiwat covers parts of tambon Bang Nak. The six remaining tambons are each led by a tambon administrative organization (TAO).
| No. | Name | Thai name | Villages | Pop. |
| 1. | Bang Nak | บางนาค | - | 40,406 |
| 2. | Lamphu | ลำภู | 11 | 10,543 |
| 3. | Manang Tayo | มะนังตายอ | 7 | 7,721 |
| 4. | Bang Po | บางปอ | 8 | 9,844 |
| 5. | Kaluwo | กะลุวอ | 7 | 8,382 |
| 6. | Kaluwo Nuea | กะลุวอเหนือ | 12 | 13,575 |
| 7. | Khok Khian | โคกเคียน | 12 | 18,173 |