OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Bang Rakam district

Bang Rakam (Thai: บางระกำ, pronounced) is a district (amphoe) in the western part of Phitsanulok province, central Thailand.

## History

The district was established on 10 December 1905, then named Chum Saeng (ชุมแสง) District. Khun Phadet Prachadun was the first district head officer. Later King Rama VI ordered the district name to be changed to be the same as the central tambon, thus the district name was changed to Bang Rakam on 24 April 1917.

## Geography

Neighboring districts are (from the north clockwise), Phrom Phiram, Mueang Phitsanulok, and Bang Krathum of Phitsanulok Province; Sam Ngam and Wachirabarami of Phichit province; Lan Krabue of Kamphaeng Phet province; Khiri Mat and Kong Krailat of Sukhothai province.
The district's chief water resources are the Yom River, and the secondary Khlong Bang Kaeo and Khlong Grung Grak. Bang Rakam lies within the Yom Basin, although the district's eastern border with Mueang Phitsanulok district is essentially the boundary between the Yom Basin and the Nan Basin. The distinction between the basins is blurry in this region, as the terrain is flat, and residents have diverted much of the water flow for agriculture over the years. Both basins are part of the Chao Phraya Watershed.

## Administration

The district is divided into 11 sub-districts (tambons), which are further subdivided into 135 villages (mubans). Bang Rakam and Plak Raet are townships (thesaban tambons), covering parts of the same-named tambons. There are a further 11 tambon administrative organizations (TAO).
| No. | Name | Thai name | Villages | Pop. |
| 1. | Bang Rakam | บางระกำ | 17 | 17,728 |
| 2. | Plak Raet | ปลักแรด | 10 | 8,329 |
| 3. | Phan Sao | พันเสา | 11 | 6,108 |
| 4. | Wang Ithok | วังอิทก | 10 | 4,652 |
| 5. | Bueng Kok | บึงกอก | 11 | 9,688 |
| 6. | Nong Kula | หนองกุลา | 21 | 14,273 |
| 7. | Chum Saeng Songkhram | ชุมแสงสงคราม | 11 | 8,026 |
| 8. | Nikhom Phatthana | นิคมพัฒนา | 12 | 8,936 |
| 9. | Bo Thong | บ่อทอง | 10 | 4,321 |
| 10. | Tha Nang Ngam | ท่านางงาม | 12 | 5,531 |
| 11. | Khui Muang | คุยม่วง | 10 | 7,262 |

## Significant settlements

Of the numerous villages in Bang Rakam District, those that occupy multiple mubans are as follows:
* Ban Rai
* Ban Plak Raet
* Ban Phan Sao
* Ban Khlong Grap Phuang

## Flooding

During the rainy season of 2006, 24,400 Bang Rakam residents were affected by flooding, including 1,122 residents who contracted conjunctivitis. In late-September 2006, Princess Siribha Chudhabhorn sent trucks of food from the Princess Pa Foundation to assist 11 of the district's villages. In 2006, there were also reported cases of leptospirosis among residents of Bang Rakam, contracted due to the amount of standing water.

## Geology

The Thung Yai oil field is in Bang Rakam.
# Laurent Lavigne (politician)

Laurent Lavigne (10 August 1935 in Montreal, Quebec – 3 August 2017) was a member of the House of Commons of Canada from 1993 to 1997. His career has been in teaching and agriculture.
He was elected in the Beauharnois—Salaberry electoral district under the Bloc Québécois party in the 1993 federal election, thus serving in the 35th Canadian Parliament. He did not seek a second term in office and therefore left Canadian politics following the 1997 federal election.
Lavigne was also a member of the National Assembly of Quebec from 1976 to 1985 in Beauharnois. He was a member of the Parti Québécois.
He died on 3 August 2017. He was the first member of the Quebec legislature to have been granted medical aid to die. He was suffering from advanced pancreatic cancer.
# Dubovets, Polevskoy selsoviet, Kursky District, Kursk Oblast

Dubovets (Russian: Дубовец) is a rural locality (a khutor) in Polevskoy Selsoviet Rural Settlement, Kursky District, Kursk Oblast, Russia. Population: 10 (2010 Census); 9 (2002 Census);

## Geography

The khutor is located 111 km from the Russia–Ukraine border, 27 km south-east of the district center – the town Kursk, 11 km from the selsoviet center – Polevaya.

### Climate

Dubovets has a warm-summer humid continental climate (Dfb in the Köppen climate classification).

## Transport

Dubovets is located on the federal route P-298 (Kursk – Voronezh – P-22 "Kaspy" Highway; a part of the European route E38), 11.5 km from the nearest railway halt Gutorovo (railway line Klyukva — Belgorod).
The rural locality is situated 27 km from Kursk Vostochny Airport, 113 km from Belgorod International Airport and 179 km from Voronezh Peter the Great Airport.
# Social Democratic Path

Social Democratic Path (sometimes written as Democratic and Social Path; Arabic: المسار الديمقراطي الاجتماعي; French: Voie démocratique et sociale, or al-Massar) is a centre-left secularist political party in Tunisia. It was formed on 1 April 2012, by the merger of the post-communist Ettajdid Movement and the Tunisian Labour Party, including some individual members of the Democratic Modernist Pole, together holding seven seats in the Constituent Assembly. It is led by Ahmed Brahim, former secretary of the Ettajdid Movement. On 11 February 2013, it became a part of the Union for Tunisia alliance of secularist parties.
# Luce Dupuis

Luce Dupuis (born September 25, 1940) is an artist, educator and former politician in Quebec, Canada. She represented Verchères in the Quebec National Assembly from 1989 to 1994 as a Parti Québécois member.
The daughter of Elzéar Leroux, a farmer and civil service contractor, and Joséphine Séguin, a teacher, she was born Luce Leroux in Sainte-Marthe. She obtained a teaching certificate from the École normale Esther-Blondin in Rigaud. Dupuis received a bachelor's degree in plastic arts from the Université du Québec à Montréal and a master's degree in creative arts from Concordia University. She also earned a master's degree in fundamentals of education from the Université de Montréal. She taught primary and secondary school and went on to teach sculpture at the Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières and the Université du Québec à Montréal.
Dupuis was elected to the Quebec assembly in 1989. She did not run for reelection in 1994. In 2003, she ran unsuccessfully for the position of mayor of Mont-Saint-Hilaire.
In her art, she mainly works with steel and plexiglas. Her sculptures have been exhibited in North America and Europe. Her work is held in various public and private collections, including the Musée national des beaux-arts du Québec and the Musée d'art contemporain de Montréal. Dupuis has been a member of the Association des sculpteurs du Québec and of the Sculptors Society of Canada. In 1972, she was awarded the Prix Beth Zion Sisterhood and the Prix du premier ministre du Québec. She was a founding member of the Centre d’exposition Expression at Saint-Hyacinthe
From 1995 to 1998, she was cultural consultant for the Société générale des industries culturelles. In 2006, she was named head of the Commission des aînés de l'Action démocratique du Québec.
# Ronald Shaw (physicist)

Ronald Shaw was a British physicist and mathematician. He is known for preceding Chen Ning Yang and Robert Mills in the creation of Yang-Mills theory under the supervision of Abdus Salam.
Shaw decided not to publish the theory that he had found in January of 1954, and Yang and Mills would publish their results in October of 1954. Shaw would later add the theory to a single chapter of his thesis in 1956.

## Life

Ronald Shaw was born in Tunstall, Staffordshire, on September 5th, 1929. He would begin national service as a dentist in 1947 in Derby and would stop his service in 1949. Shaw would later go on to become a student at Cambridge, sitting the mathematical tripos. After getting his doctorate in 1955, Shaw would become a lecturer at the University of Hull, where he would stay for the rest of his life, becoming a personal chair in the mathematical physics department in 1989, then an emeritus professor in 1995.
Shaw's main focus was on finite geometry, and he remained interested in it up until his passing in 2016.
Abdus Salam would give credit to Shaw for the creation of Yang-Mills theory during his Nobel Prize lecture, calling the theory "Yang-Mills-Shaw gauge theory".
# Mark Assad

Mark Joseph Assad (born June 14, 1940) is a Canadian politician who is a member of the Liberal Party of Canada. He was a member of the House of Commons of Canada representing Gatineau from 1997 to 2004, and represented Gatineau—La Lièvre from 1988 to 1997. He was born in Buckingham, Quebec and is an administrator, and a teacher. He served as the chair of the Standing Committee on Public Accounts. He did not run for re-election in 2004.

## Other political experience

Assad was a Liberal Party of Quebec member of the National Assembly of Quebec from 1970 to 1976, and from 1981 to 1988.

## Electoral record (partial)

vte2000 Canadian federal election: Gatineau :
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | Expenditures |
| | Liberal | Mark Assad | 25,960 | 51.45 | – | $57,951 |
| | Bloc Québécois | Richard Nadeau | 12,817 | 25.40 | | $47,009 |
| | Alliance | Stéphany Crowley | 5,069 | 10.05 | | $10,153 |
| | Progressive Conservative | Michael F. Vasseur | 3,619 | 7.17 | | $2,547 |
| | New Democratic | Carl Hétu | 1,763 | 3.49 | | $13,105 |
| | Natural Law | Jean-Claude Pommet | 472 | 0.94 | | none listed |
| | Independent | Ronald Bélanger | 389 | 0.77 | | none listed |
| | Christian Heritage | Samantha Demers | 228 | 0.45 | | none listed |
| | Marxist–Leninist | Françoise Roy | 139 | 0.28 | | none listed |
| Total valid votes/expenditure limit | Total valid votes/expenditure limit | Total valid votes/expenditure limit | 50,456 | 100.00 | – | $ 75,911 |
| Total rejected ballots | Total rejected ballots | Total rejected ballots | 970 |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 51,426 | 56.49 |
| Electors on the lists | Electors on the lists | Electors on the lists | 91,031 |
| Sources: Official Results, Elections Canada and Financial Returns, Elections Canada. |||||||
vte1997 Canadian federal election: Gatineau :
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | Expenditures |
| | Liberal | Mark Assad | 25,298 | 46.42 | $59,779 |
| | Progressive Conservative | Richard Côté | 15,786 | 28.97 | $54,763 |
| | Bloc Québécois | Christian Picard | 11,391 | 20.90 | $27,240 |
| | New Democratic | Michelle Bonner | 982 | 1.80 | $0 |
| | Natural Law | Jean-Claude Pommet | 448 | 0.82 | $729 |
| | Christian Heritage | Claude Grant | 445 | 0.82 | $4,997 |
| | Marxist–Leninist | Françoise Roy | 150 | 0.28 | $0 |
| Total valid votes/expenditure limit | Total valid votes/expenditure limit | Total valid votes/expenditure limit | 54,500 | 100.00 | $69,003 |
| Total rejected ballots | Total rejected ballots | Total rejected ballots | 1,493 |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 55,993 | 66.61 |
| Electors on the lists | Electors on the lists | Electors on the lists | 84,066 |
| Sources: Official Results, Elections Canada and Financial Returns, Elections Canada. |||||||
# Napoléon Séguin

Napoléon Séguin (December 13, 1865 – January 29, 1940) was a Canadian politician.
Born in Sainte Madeleine de Rigaud, Canada East, Séguin was acclaimed to the Legislative Assembly of Quebec for Montréal division no. 1 in 1908. A Liberal, he was re-elected in Montréal–Sainte-Marie in 1912, 1916, and 1919. He was a Minister without Portfolio in the cabinet of Lomer Gouin in 1919 and in the cabinet of Louis-Alexandre Taschereau in 1920.
He resigned in 1921 when he was appointed Governor of the Bordeaux Prison, a post he held until 1939.
He died in Montréal-Nord in 1940.
# Belopolyane

Belopolyane (Bulgarian: Белополяне, Greek: Ακαλάν) is a village in the municipality of Ivaylovgrad, in Haskovo Province, in southern Bulgaria.
# Wat Hua Lamphong

Wat Hua Lamphong (Thai: วัดหัวลำโพง, pronounced) is a Royal Buddhist temple, third class, in the Bang Rak District of Bangkok, Thailand.
It is located on Rama IV Road, with Si Lom Road and Suriwong Road in Bangkok's modern business district to the southeast, and Si Phraya Road to the northwest. It is a block from The Montien hotel, and approximately 1 km from the city's main Hua Lamphong railway station. An entrance to Sam Yan Station on the Bangkok metro is located outside the main entrance to the temple compound on Rama IV road.

## History

Wat Hua Lamphong was renovated to celebrate the 50th anniversary of the ascension to the throne of King Bhumibol Adulyadej (Rama IX) in 1996. The royal seal of what became known as the Kanchanapisek, or Golden Jubilee, year, showing two elephants flanking a multi-tiered umbrella, features extensively in the temple's remodelling.

## Style and Layout

Inside the temple compound, the ubosot and viharn are unusual in being raised on a one-story high platform, accessed by a wide staircase. The platform also supports the temple's chedi.
The compound in front of and below the ubosot platform is home to a number of shrines dedicated to important Thai Buddhist figures, including King Chulalongkorn (Rama V), and the Hindu god Ganesha.
The temple compound also contains a crematorium, and living quarters for monks.
# Prudent Carpentier

Prudent Carpentier (March 13, 1922 – March 22, 2019) was a politician from Quebec, Canada. He was a Member of the National Assembly (MNA).

## Background

He was born on March 13, 1922, in Saint-Tite, Mauricie and worked in forestry.

## Political career

Carpentier ran as a Liberal candidate in the district of Laviolette in 1970, and won. He succeeded Union Nationale incumbent André Leduc.
In 1976 though, he was defeated by Parti Québécois candidate Jean-Pierre Jolivet.
# Takua Thung district

Takua Thung (Thai: ตะกั่วทุ่ง, pronounced) is a district (amphoe) in the Phang Nga province in the south of Thailand.

## History

The old city hall was in Ban Khai, Tambon Bang Thong, Thai Mueang district. In 1894 Burmese troops attacked Mueang Takua Pa. Thalang and Takua Thung were the next targets. Then people of Takua Thung moved the city center to Tambon Kra Som, where it is located today. Takua Thung was downgraded to a district of Phang Nga in 1899.

## Geography

Neighboring districts are (from the north clockwise) Thai Mueang and Mueang Phang Nga. To the southwest is the Phang Nga Bay, to the south is the district Thalang of Phuket province, separated by the Pak Phra Strait. To the west is the Andaman Sea.
Namtok Raman Forest Park protects a 0.2 km$^2$ area around a scenic waterfall. The park was established on 26 October 1983. Most of the Phang Nga Bay coastline is part of the Ao Phang Nga National Park.
The most important temple within the district is Wat Suwannakhuha, also commonly known as Wat Tham (lit. 'cave temple') due to several caves within a hill inside the temple area. The largest of these caves is decorated with Buddha images as well as stalactites and stalagmites.

## Administration

The district is divided into seven sub-districts (tambons), which are further subdivided into 68 villages (mubans). There are two townships (thesaban tambons) in the district, Krasom and Khok Kloi, each covering parts of the same-named tambon. Each of the tambons is administered by a tambon administrative organization (TAO). The sub-district of Khok Kloi will be the site of the Phang Nga airport.
| No. | Name | Thai name | Villages | Pop. |
| 1. | Tham | ถ้ำ | 9 | 3,596 |
| 2. | Krasom | กระโสม | 8 | 5,921 |
| 3. | Kalai | กะไหล | 12 | 5,801 |
| 4. | Tha Yu | ท่าอยู่ | 7 | 3,284 |
| 5. | Lo Yung | หล่อยูง | 10 | 5,815 |
| 6. | Khok Kloi | โคกกลอย | 14 | 11,456 |
| 7. | Khlong Khian | คลองเคียน | 8 | 4,519 |
# Palpita rotundalis

Palpita rotundalis is a moth in the family Crambidae. It was described by Hiroshi Inoue in 1997. It is found on Norfolk Island.
# Expressionism in Philosophy: Spinoza

Expressionism in Philosophy: Spinoza (French: Spinoza et le problème de l'expression) is a 1968 book by the philosopher Gilles Deleuze, in which the author conceives Baruch Spinoza as a solitary thinker who envisioned philosophy as an enterprise of liberation and radical demystification. Deleuze sees how the univocity of Being fits into the theory of substance and looks into the relationship between the theory of ideas and the production of truth and sense, the organisation of affect (elimination of sad passions) to achieve joy, and the organization of affect in the theory of modes.

## Publication history

Expressionism in Philosophy: Spinoza was first published by Les Éditions de Minuit in 1968. In 1990, Zone Books published Martin Joughin's English translation.

## Reception

The philosopher Alan D. Schrift wrote in The Cambridge Dictionary of Philosophy (2015) that, together with Deleuze's Spinoza: Practical Philosophy (1970), Expressionism in Philosophy: Spinoza "influenced several generations of French Spinozism".
# Spoon of Diocles

The spoon of Diocles (Greek: κυαθίσκος τοῦ Διοκλέους) was a Roman surgical instrument described by Celsus. The instrument was designed by Diocles of Carystus to remove arrows from the human body. The instrument was used to remove the injured eye of Philip II without disfiguring him.
No genuine examples of the Spoon of Diocles are known to have survived to the present day, although some collections have forgeries and/or misidentified items. Historians Brian Campbell and Lawrence A. Tritle have expressed skepticism about the Spoon's authenticity, emphasizing that all information about the Spoon is based solely on writings by Celsus, with no mentions in works by others; they also feel that "it sounds impractical."
# Palpita roboralis

Palpita roboralis is a moth in the family Crambidae. It was described by Hiroshi Inoue in 1996. It is found in New Ireland.
# Miguel González

Miguel González or Miguel Gonzalez may refer to:

## Politicians

* Miguel González Avelar (1937–2011), Mexican politician

## Sportspeople
### Association football

* Miguel González (footballer, born 1927), Spanish footballer
* Miguel González (footballer, born 1983), Argentine football attacking midfielder
* Miguel Gonzalez (soccer, born 1987), American soccer midfielder
* Miguel González (footballer, born 1990), Mexican football forward
* Miguel González (footballer, born 1991), Mexican football defender

### Baseball

* Miguel González (pitcher) (born 1984), Mexican baseball pitcher
* Miguel González (catcher) (born 1990), Venezuelan baseball catcher
* Miguel Alfredo González (1983–2017), Cuban baseball pitcher

### Boxing

* Miguel González (Mexican boxer) (born 1967), Mexican boxer
* Miguel González (Paraguayan boxer) (born 1969), Paraguayan boxer

### Other sports

* Miguel González (basketball) (1938–2022), Spanish basketball player
# Romulus Ducharme

Charles Romulus Ducharme (November 4, 1886 – February 15, 1976) was a politician in Quebec, Canada and an eight-term Member of the Legislative Assembly of Quebec (MLA).

## Early life

He was born on November 4, 1886, near Berthierville in Lanaudière. He opened a law practice in La Tuque in the Mauricie area.

## Federal politics

Ducharme ran as a Conservative candidate in the district of Portneuf in the 1921 and 1925 federal elections, but each time lost to Liberal Party of Canada incumbent Michel-Siméon Delisle.

## Member of the legislature

He ran as an Action libérale nationale candidate in the district of Laviolette in the 1935 provincial election and defeated Liberal Party of Quebec incumbent Joseph-Alphida Crête. He became a member of the Union Nationale and was re-elected as such in the 1936 election.
He lost the 1939 election to Liberal Edmond Guibord.
However, he won his seat back in the 1944 election and won every subsequent election in 1948, 1952, 1956, 1960 and 1962.
He served as Parliamentary Assistant to the Minister of Municipal Affairs from 1956 to 1960.
Ducharme did not run for re-election in the 1966 election.

## Death

He died on February 15, 1976, in La Tuque.

## Honours

* Boulevard Ducharme, a section of Route 155 in La Tuque, was named to honour him.
* Pont Couvert Ducharme, one of the two covered bridges in La Bostonnais was named after him.
# Adam Stockhausen

Adam Stockhausen is an American production designer known for his collaborations with Wes Anderson, Steven Spielberg, and Steve McQueen. He's received four nominations for the Academy Award for Best Production Design, winning for The Grand Budapest Hotel (2014).

## Early life and education

Stockhausen grew up in Wauwatosa, Wisconsin and graduated with a Theater Arts degree from Marquette University's Diederich College of Communication in 1995, and a Master of Fine Arts from the Yale School of Drama in 1999.

## Career

Stockhausen, along with set decorator Anna Pinnock won the Academy Award for Best Production Design for the 2014 film The Grand Budapest Hotel. Previously he was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Production Design for the 2013 film 12 Years a Slave together with set decorator Alice Baker. He was also nominated for the Academy Award for Best Production Design for the 2015 film Bridge of Spies along with set decorators Bernhard Henrich and Rena DeAngelo.

## Filmography

As production designer
| Year | Film | Director | Notes |
| 2008 | 8 | Mira Nair | Segment: "How Can It Be?" |
| 2010 | Every Day | Richard Levine | |
| 2010 | The Switch | Will Speck Josh Gordon | |
| 2010 | My Soul to Take | Wes Craven | |
| 2011 | Scream 4 | Wes Craven | |
| 2012 | Moonrise Kingdom | Wes Anderson | |
| 2013 | 12 Years a Slave | Steve McQueen | |
| 2014 | The Grand Budapest Hotel | Wes Anderson | |
| 2014 | While We're Young | Noah Baumbach | |
| 2015 | Bridge of Spies | Steven Spielberg | |
| 2018 | Ready Player One | Steven Spielberg | |
| 2018 | Isle of Dogs | Wes Anderson | Animated film with Paul Harrod |
| 2018 | American Dharma | Errol Morris | Documentary |
| 2018 | Widows | Steve McQueen | |
| 2021 | The French Dispatch | Wes Anderson | |
| 2021 | West Side Story | Steven Spielberg | |
| 2023 | Asteroid City | Wes Anderson | |
| 2023 | Indiana Jones and the Dial of Destiny | James Mangold | |
| 2023 | The Wonderful Story of Henry Sugar | Wes Anderson | Short film |
| 2024 | Blitz | Steve McQueen | |
| TBA | The Phoenician Scheme | Wes Anderson | post production |
As art director
| Year | Film | Director | Notes |
| 2003 | Ash Tuesday | Jim Hershleder | |
| 2004 | Alfie | Charles Shyer | assistant art director |
| 2005 | The Producers | Susan Stroman | assistant art director |
| 2007 | Across the Universe | Julie Taymor | assistant art director |
| 2007 | The Darjeeling Limited | Wes Anderson | supervising art director |
| 2007 | Margot at the Wedding | Noah Baumbach | |
| 2008 | Synecdoche, New York | Charlie Kaufman | |
| 2009 | State of Play | Kevin MacDonald | |

## Awards and nominations

| Year | Award | Category | Project | Result |
| 2013 | Academy Award | Best Production Design | 12 Years a Slave | Nominated |
| 2014 | Academy Award | Best Production Design | The Grand Budapest Hotel | Won |
| 2015 | Academy Award | Best Production Design | Bridge of Spies | Nominated |
| 2021 | Academy Award | Best Production Design | West Side Story | Nominated |
# Azat-Châtenet

Azat-Châtenet (French pronunciation:; Occitan: Asac Chastanet) is a commune in the Creuse department in the Nouvelle-Aquitaine region in central France.

## Geography

An area of farming, forests and lakes, comprising a small village and several hamlets situated in the valley of the Leyrenne river, some 10 miles (16 km) southwest of Guéret at the junction of the D42 and the D61.

## Sights

* The church of St.Julien, dating from the fourteenth century.
* A fourteenth-century stone cross.