OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Pićan

Pićan (Italian: Pedena, Chakavian: Pićon, Slovene: Pičen,) is a village and municipality in the central part of Istria, Croatia, 12 km southeast of Pazin; elevation 360 m. The chief occupations are agriculture and livestock breeding. It is situated on the D64 state road (Pazin-Kršan-Vozilići). There is a railway station on the former Lupoglav – Raša railway.

## History

In Roman times, a military stronghold called Petina was located here. The town was the seat of the first diocese in central Istria from the 5th to 18th centuries, and a medieval commune with governors and officers. The town gate (14th–15th century) has been preserved.

## Diocese of Pićan

Many of the local bishops are buried in the church nave. Its 48 m bell tower stands separate from the church; it is the third highest in Istria and offers a good view.
The treasury contains chalices from the 15th century and a monstrance from the 16th century.
Senj-Modruš's bishop Sebastijan Glavinić of Glamoč (1630–1697) was born in Potpićan near Pićan and was buried in St. George's Church in Slovenske Konjice, Slovenia.
Martin of Pićan, a bishop of Pićan, was the general vicar of Carniola and had his seat in Ljubljana (then named Laibach) before the establishment of the Diocese of Ljubljana in 1461. In 1456, he was buried in the town's St. Nicholas's Church, the predecessor of the modern Ljubljana Cathedral, and has retained a gravestone in the cathedral.

## Demographics

According to the 2021 census, its population was 1,722, with 304 living in the village proper. At the 2011 census it was 1,827.
# Electorate of Baden

The Electorate of Baden (German: Kurfürstentum Baden) was a State of the Holy Roman Empire from 1803 to 1806. In 1803, the Imperial diet bestowed the office of Prince-elector to Charles Frederick, but in 1806, Francis II dissolved the Empire. Baden then achieved sovereignty, and Charles Frederick became Grand Duke.

## History

The French Revolution began in 1789, and at its onset the Margraviate of Baden was united under Charles Frederick, but it did not form a compact territory. Its total area was only about 1,350 square miles (3,500 km$^2$), consisting of a number of isolated districts lying on either bank of the upper Rhine. Charles Frederick endeavored to acquire the intervening stretches of land, so as to give territorial unity to his country. His opportunity to do so came during the French Revolutionary Wars. When war broke out between the French First Republic and the Holy Roman Empire in 1792, the Margraviate of Baden fought for the House of Habsburg. However, their country was devastated as a result, and in 1796 the Margrave was compelled to pay an indemnity and to cede his territories on the left bank of the Rhine to the French First Republic.
Fortune, however, soon turned his way. With the German Mediatisation of 1803, and largely owing to the good offices of Alexander I of Russia, Charles Frederick received the Bishopric of Constance, part of the Electorate of the Palatinate, and other smaller districts, together with the prestige of being named a Prince-elector. In 1805 he changed sides and fought for Napoleon. As a result, later in 1805, when the Peace of Pressburg occurred, he obtained Breisgau and other territories at the expense of the Austrian Empire (see Further Austria). In 1806, the Electorate of Baden signed the Rheinbundakte, joining the Confederation of the Rhine. Upon the dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire, Charles Frederick declared sovereignty and thus created the Grand Duchy of Baden, receiving other territorial additions as well.
* Holy Roman Empire portal

## Sources

* This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Baden, Grand Duchy of". Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 3 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 184–188.
vte Electors of the Holy Roman Empire from 1356 to 1806 :
Spiritual Mainz (until 1803) Trier (until 1803) Cologne (until 1803)
Secular Bohemia Palatinate (until 1777) Saxony Brandenburg
Added in the 17th century Bavaria (1623) Hanover (1692)
Added in the 19th century Regensburg (1803–1806) Salzburg (1803–1805) Würzburg (1805–1806) Württemberg (1803–1806) Baden (1803–1806) Hesse (1803–1806) :
# Ankara (3rd electoral district)

Ankara's third electoral district is one of three divisions of Ankara province for the purpose of elections to Grand National Assembly of Turkey. It elects twelve members of parliament (deputies) to represent the district for a four-year term by the D'Hondt method, a party-list proportional representation system. It was created during the electoral redistricting of 2018.

## Members
### 2018

12 members were elected in the 2018 Turkish parliamentary election:
* Naci Bostancı (Justice and Development Party)
* Asuman Erdoğan [tr] (Justice and Development Party)
* Nevzat Ceylan [tr] (Justice and Development Party)
* Barış Aydın [tr] (Justice and Development Party)
* Hacı Turan [tr] (Justice and Development Party)
* Ahmet Haluk Koç (Republican People's Party)
* Nihat Yeşil (Republican People's Party)
* Servet Ünsal [tr] (Republican People's Party)
* Yaşar Yıldırım [tr] (Nationalist Movement Party)
* Erkan Haberal (Nationalist Movement Party)
* Durmuş Yılmaz (Good Party)
* Ayhan Altıntaş [tr] (Good Party)

### 2023

12 members were elected in the 2023 Turkish parliamentary election:
* Fuat Oktay (Justice and Development Party)
* Leyla Şahin Usta [tr] (Justice and Development Party)
* Ömer İleri [tr] (Justice and Development Party)
* Asuman Erdoğan [tr] (Justice and Development Party)
* Ahmet Fethan Baykoç [tr] (Justice and Development Party)
* Tekin Bingöl (Republican People's Party)
* Umut Akdoğan [tr] (Republican People's Party)
* Mesut Doğan [tr] (Republican People's Party)
* Aylin Yaman [tr] (Republican People's Party)
* Yüksel Arslan [tr] (Good Party)
* Kürşad Zorlu [tr] (Good Party)
* Yaşar Yıldırım [tr] (Nationalist Movement Party)
# Sanjak of Inebahti

The Sanjak of Inebahti or Aynabahti (Ottoman Turkish: Sancak-i/Liva-i İnebahtı/Aynabahtı; Greek: λιβάς/σαντζάκι Ναυπάκτου) was a second-level Ottoman province (sanjak or liva) encompassing the central parts of Continental Greece. Its name derives from its capital, Inebahti/Aynabahti, the Turkish name for Naupaktos, better known in English with its Italian name, Lepanto.

## History

The province was formed in 1499, when the Ottomans conquered Lepanto, which had been a possession of the Republic of Venice since 1407. Much of the territory allocated to the new province, however, had already been under Ottoman control, under the Sanjak of Tirhala.
On 7 October 1571, the famous Battle of Lepanto between the fleets of the Ottoman Empire and the Holy League was fought off the coast of the town of Lepanto. The Venetians retook the town in 1687, during the Morean War, but surrendered it to Turkish control in 1699, after the Treaty of Karlowitz. Although most of the province rose in revolt upon the outbreak of the Greek War of Independence in 1821, the capital Lepanto remained in Ottoman hands until 12 March 1829, when it came under Greek control.

## Administrative division

Originally, the sanjak formed part of the Rumeli Eyalet, but after 1533 it was subordinated to the new Eyalet of the Archipelago.
According to the 17th-century geographer Hajji Khalifa, the province encompassed six kazas ("districts"): Inebahti itself, Karavari (Kravara), Abukor (Apokouros), Olendirek/Olunduruk (Lidoriki), Gölhissar (Probably Limnochori) and Kerbenesh (Karpenisi).
Early 19th-century sources report that the sanjak at the time formed part of the Morea Eyalet, and comprised again six kazas: Inebahti, Abukor, Olendirek/Olunduruk, Gölhissar, Kerbenesh and Patracik (Ypati).
# Luzia Hartsuyker-Curjel

Luzia Hartsuyker-Curjel (15 February 1926 – 17 April 2011) was a Dutch architect of German origin. She is remembered for her innovative designs and for her collaboration with the Italian-born Dutch architect Enrico Hartsuyker. Considerable attention was paid to their Biopolis project, a satellite city planned for The Hague but never realized.

## Early life and education

Hartsuyker-Curjel was born in 1926 in Karlsruhe, Germany. Her father, Hans Curjel, the son of the architect Robert Curjel, was an art historian and pianist. Her mother, Gabriella Fahrner had also studied music and played the cello. As her parents were Jewish, the family moved to Switzerland when she was six years old. She studied architecture at the ETH Zurich where she met the Dutch Italian architecture student and future husband Enrico Hartsuyker. They were encouraged in their studies by Siegfried Giedion, a close friend of her father, Hans Curjel.

## Career

In 1953, the couple settled in the Netherlands. From the 1960s, they received large commissions for reconstruction work in Amsterdam and Arnhem. Their atrium housing developments in Amsterdam-Buitenveldert (1965) contributed to their evolving reputation. Their social housing designs included alternative layouts with new spatial options, often with a central patio and slight differences in room levels. The kitchens and bathrooms were often centrally located.
Their urban planning models, Biopolis and Hydropolis, draw considerable attention as they were aimed at integrating various functions in a building development. While these two projects were not realized, their approach can be seen in the Zonnetrap old people's centre in Rotterdam (1980) which in addition to residential accommodation provided for stores, small businesses and workshops, attracting a variety of people to the neighbourhood, not just the old people. The concept continues to be appreciated today.
In the 1980s, Luzia Hartsuyker became known for her "women-friendly" homes, overcoming the traditionally hierarchical designs with rooms of more equal sizes. Examples can be seen in Amsterdam, Apeldoorn and IJsselstein.
Luzia Hartsuyker-Curjel died on 17 April 2011 in Laren.
# Purnima Shrestha

Purnima Shrestha (Nepali: पूर्णिमा श्रेष्ठ), a Nepalese mountaineer and photojournalist is the first person to successfully summit Mt. Everest (Sagarmatha) three times in a single climbing season, she is also the first woman to climb the peak of Dhaulagiri, the seventh highest mountain in the world.

## Early life

Shrestha was born in Arughat, Gorkha, Gandaki Province, Nepal. Growing up, she wanted to do "something big in life". Later she became a photojournalist. She is a member of the Photo Journalists’ (PJ) Club.

## Mountaineering

In 2017, Shrestha visited the Everest Base Camp to cover the Everest Marathon, she describes this event where she became attracted to the mountains. On 26 September 2017, Shrestha started her mountaineering career with Manaslu, the 8th-highest mountain in the world. Although she did not have any previous experience or training in mountaineering, Shrestha wanted her first climb to be on Mount Everest, but, after everyone told her to choose a smaller mountain she opted for Manaslu.
In 2018, she summited Mount Everest, her second eight-thousander. The next year, she climbed Ama Dablam. In 2021, Shrestha with six other women climbed the peak of Annapurna. They became the first Nepali women to reach the summit of Annapurna. For their climb, the team received various honours. In October 2021, Shrestha with Pasang Lhamu Sherpa Akita both became the first women to successfully climb Dhaulagiri, the seventh highest mountain in the world.
# Fadwa Tuqan

Fadwa Tuqan (Arabic: فدوى طوقان, romanized: Fadwā Ṭūqān; 1 March 1917 – 12 December 2003) was a Palestinian poet known for her representations of resistance to Israeli occupation in contemporary Arab poetry. She has sometimes been referred to as the "Poet of Palestine".

## Life

Born in Nablus to the wealthy Palestinian Tuqan family known for their accomplishments in many fields, she received schooling until age 13 when she was forced to quit school at a young age due to illness. One of her brothers, Ibrahim Tuqan, known as the Poet of Palestine, took responsibility of educating her, gave her books to read and taught her English. He was also the one who introduced her to poetry. Tuqan eventually attended Oxford University, where she studied English and literature.
Fadwa Tuqan's eldest brother is Ahmad Toukan, former prime minister of Jordan.
Tuqan's poetry is known for her distinctive chronicling of the suffering of her people, the Palestinian, particularly those living under Israeli occupation. She contributed a Bahraini progressive journal, Sawt al-Bahrain, in the early 1950s.
Tuqan eventually published eight poetry collections, which were translated into many languages and enjoy renown throughout the Arab World. Her book, Alone With the Days, focused on the hardships faced by women in the male-dominated Arab world. After the Six-Day War, Tuqan's poetry focused on the hardships of living under the Israeli occupation. One of her best known poems, "The Night and the Horsemen," described life under Israeli military rule.
Tuqan died on 12 December 2003 during the height of the Al-Aqsa Intifada, while her hometown of Nablus was under siege. The poem Wahsha: Moustalhama min Qanoon al Jathibiya (Longing: Inspired by the Law of Gravity) was one of the last poems she penned while largely bedridden.
Tuqan is widely considered a symbol of the Palestinian cause and "one of the most distinguished figures of modern Arabic literature." Her poetry is set by Mohammed Fairouz in his Third Symphony.
# Chenarak, Razavi Khorasan

Chenarak (Persian: چنارك, also Romanized as Chenārak and Chanārak) is a village in Meyami Rural District, Razaviyeh District, Mashhad County, Razavi Khorasan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 1,184, in 264 families.
# Bela, Ajdovščina

Bela (pronounced; Italian: Bella di Vipacco) is a small settlement at the source of White Creek (Slovene: Bela), which is a tributary of the Vipava River in the Municipality of Ajdovščina in the Littoral region of Slovenia.
# Parpan Castle

Parpan Castle is a castle in the municipality of Churwalden of the Canton of Graubünden in Switzerland. It is a Swiss heritage site of national significance.
# Udriku

Udriku is a village in Kadrina Parish, Lääne-Viru County, northeastern Estonia, where the Udriku manor, a national architectural monument built in the early nineteenth century, is situated.

## Udriku manor

Udriku estate (German: Uddrich) was founded in 1642 and belonged to the Baltic German Rehbinder family until the agrarian reforms following Estonia's independence in 1919. The current, neoclassical building is from 1803, and currently houses a nursing home. Some of the original interiors such as painted ceilings and plaster decorations are still preserved.
# Suram Ali

Suram Ali (Persian: سورمعلي, also Romanized as Sūram ʿAlī) is a village in Mojezat Rural District, in the Central District of Zanjan County, Zanjan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 48, in 13 families.
# Louis-Rodolphe Roy

Louis-Rodolphe Roy (7 February 1858 – 14 May 1925) was a Canadian lawyer, politician, and judge.
Born Saint-Vallier, Canada East, in the son of Nazaire Roy and Marie Letellier, Roy was educated at the Séminaire de Québec and received a Bachelor of Laws degree from the Université Laval in 1883. He was called to the Quebec Bar in 1883 and practiced law in Quebec City. He was created a King's Counsel in 1903 and received an honorary doctorate from the Université Laval in 1908.
He was first elected to the Legislative Assembly of Quebec for the electoral district of Kamouraska in 1897. A Liberal, he was re-elected in 1900, acclaimed in 1904, and re-elected in 1908. From 1905 to 1909, he was the Provincial Secretary and Registrar in the cabinet of Lomer Gouin. In 1909, he was appointed a judge of the Superior Court of the district of Rimouski. He retired in 1922.
He died in Quebec City in 1925 and was buried in the Notre-Dame-de-Belmont Cemetery in Sainte-Foy, Quebec.
# Udin Woods

The Udin Woods (Slovene: Udin boršt, in older sources Udnjiboršt, German: Herzogsforst) is one of the oldest glacial terraces in the Ljubljana Basin. It is a contiguous wooded area clearly delineated from its surroundings. The woods is dominated by Scots pine, and deciduous trees include sessile oak, hornbeam, and beech. It has natural value in terms of its botanical features, terrain, and geomorphology. It was given the status of a protected landscape area in 1985.

## Extent

The Udin Woods encompasses nearly the entire area bounded by the road from Kranj to Golnik on the east, the old road from Kranj to Tržič on the west, the A2 freeway on the south, and Mount Križe (Slovene: Kriška gora, 1,473 meters or 4,833 feet) to the north.

## Name

The area was attested in written sources in 1495 as Hertzogenvorsst, and in 1679–89 as Udenwald and Hertzogforst, literally 'duke's forest'. The Slovene name Udin boršt is derived from *vivodinj 'duke's' + boršt 'forest' (a borrowing from Middle High German for(e)st). The name of the hamlet of Udna Vas (< 'duke's village') has the same origin.

## Formation

The Udin Woods is a glacial remnant, as shown by its gravelly or conglomerate composition. The conglomerate is dominated by limestone material; pebbles of volcanic origin are less common. Karstification took place during the Holocene interglacial, when limestone terrace flooding provided good conditions for the development of karst under a warmer climate and with abundant water. During this period various karst features were formed: sinkholes, karst caves, and karst springs, which vary in their output but never go dry because a layer of impermeable Oligocene clay lies under the conglomerate. The conglomerate that composes the terraces is 10 meters (33 ft) to 15 meters (49 ft) thick. Springs appear at the contact points; their output is less variable than in Dinaric karst areas and they have a constant flow. The character of the karst in the Udin Woods is distinct from other karst areas in Slovenia.

## Features

The geology of the Udin Woods includes karst phenomena that have formed in the 100-meter (330 ft) thick layer of conglomerate, especially caves up to 1,000 meters (3,300 ft) long.
The area was already populated in prehistoric times. The three most important archaeological sites had fortified hilltop settlements: the Arh Hillfort (Arhovo gradišče), Klemenc Hillfort (Klemenčevo gradišče), and Štucelj Hillfort (Gradišče na Štuclju). There are visible remnants of moats and elevated rings where wooden palisades protected the settlements. Some settlements also existed during Roman times, such as the Štucelj Hillfort, where the Romans built a guard tower.
# Zoltán Spakovszky

Zoltán S. Spakovszky is an aerospace engineer, academic and researcher. He is best known for his work on fluid system instabilities and internal flow in turbomachinery. He is T. Wilson (1953) Professor in Aeronautics at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, and the Director of the MIT Gas Turbine Laboratory.

## Education

Spakovszky received his Diplom Ingenieur degree in Mechanical Engineering from the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH Zurich) in 1997. He then moved to United States and earned his Master's and Doctoral Degree in Aeronautics and Astronautics from Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 1999 and 2001, respectively.

## Career

Following his doctoral studies, Spakovszky joined the Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics at MIT as professorial faculty in 2001. He became the Director of the MIT Gas Turbine Laboratory in 2008.
Spakovszky's research focuses on solving complex, real world, high relevance technological issues related to aeroengines, power and propulsion systems. He has conducted work in compressor aerodynamics, aeroengine instabilities, rotordynamics, thermodynamics, aero-acoustics, propulsion and energy conversion, and aircraft design for environment. He investigated and explained the mechanisms of flow instabilities leading to in-flight aeroengine shutdowns. The results helped improve an engine diagnostic and health monitoring test employed by airlines for fleet management purposes and required by an FAA airworthiness directive. Spakovszky worked as chief engineer on the Silent Aircraft Initiative, a joint project between the University of Cambridge, MIT, and industry partners, that took step beyond aviation industry's noise reduction goals by delivering a credible conceptual aircraft design inaudible on take-off and landing. He also led a team to develop ultra high-speed gas bearings that enabled operation of multi-wafer rotating MEMS machines for power and propulsion applications at micro scale.
Spakovszky is a Fellow of American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME), an Associate Fellow of American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics (AIAA), and the Leader of the ASME Gas Turbine Segment Leadership Team,

## Awards and honors

* 1997 - Georg Fischer Award, ETH Zurich
* 2003 - NASA Group Achievement Award
* 2003 - ASME Melville Medal
* 2009 - Ruth and Joel Spira Award for Excellence in Teaching, Massachusetts Institute of Technology
* 2012 - ASME Gas Turbine Award, International Gas Turbine Institute
* 2016 - ASME John P. Davis Gas Turbine Applications Award
* 2021 - ASME Scholar Award
# Country Mile

Country Mile or A Country Mile may refer to:

## Film

* A Country Mile, film by David Carradine

## Music

* Country Mile (Ernie Smith album), 2008 album by Ernie Smith
* Country Mile (Johnny Flynn album), 2013 album by Johnny Flynn
* "Country Mile", 1979 song by Rory Gallagher from BBC Sessions
* "Country Mile", 1971 song by Charles Williams from Charles Williams
* "Country Mile", song by Ian Gillan from Dreamcatcher
* "Country Mile", song by Clinic from Winchester Cathedral
* "Country Mile", 2006 song by Camera Obscura from Let's Get Out of This Country
* "Country Mile", 2001 song by Eric Sardinas from Devil's Train
* "A Country Mile", song by Everything but the Girl from Baby, the Stars Shine Bright