OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Gabriela Sánchez (singer)

Gabriela Sánchez, (born June 1, 1987) better known as "Gaby Sánchez", is a Mexican singer and model. She was a contestant on the 2007 Mexican reality show, Buscando a Timbiriche, La Nueva Banda and is a member of the pop group, La Nueva Banda Timbiriche.

## Career

She moved from Guadalajara to Mexico City in 2007 following a successful casting in a new reality music competition. She competed on the reality show, Buscando a Timbiriche, La Nueva Banda in 2007. She was later named as the fourth member to the band, alongside six other contestants. During the reality show she dated contestant and later bandmate, Alberto Dogre. She sang the theme song of the 2009 Mexican telenovela, Cuidado con el Angel (Beware of the Angel). The song, "Sólo Tú", was later released as the third single from La Nueva Banda, from their debut album. The song was one of their most successful singles. La Nueva Banda Timbiriche split in 2009; she rejoined the band in 2023 and embarked on a multi-city tour of Mexico that same year as part of the El 2000's Pop Tour. The tour's popularity led to a second leg of concerts in Mexico which began in March 2024.

## Personal Life

She is married to former Mexican professional footballer, Gerardo "Jerry" Flores, who previously played with Cruz Azul. The couple met in 2015 and after 6 months of dating, they were engaged. She is a professional fitness trainer, who received her training certification from Sport City University de México and specializes in strength training. She is an avid football fan and worked as a model for local football advertisements in Guadalajara, after La Nueva Banda Timbiriche first disbanded in 2009. It was revealed in 2009 that she suffered from anorexia after leaving Guadalajara for Mexico City in 2007 in pursuit of her music career. She has since recovered. She and Flores married 2016 and reside in Guadalajara, Mexico. She is a fan of the Mexican football team, Cruz Azul.

## Discography

* 2007: La Nueva Banda Timbiriche (Debut album)
Singles:
* Tú,Tú,Tú (2008)
* Aunque digas (2008; re-released as a live tour version in 2024)
# Peter Mitchell (footballer)

Peter Mitchell is a Northern Irish former professional footballer who played as a full back for Leeds Utd. He is also a former Ireland international wheelchair basketball player, actor and motivational speaker.

## Career
### Leeds United

Born and raised in Limavady, Northern Ireland, Mitchell came to England as a 16 year old to play for Leeds United who were, at the time, managed by David O'Leary and had a reputation for bringing through Irish players. Mitchell had been playing youth football for Institute when he signed for Leeds.

### Accident

On 21 July 2002, Mitchell was a passenger in the back of a Leeds Utd teammate's car which crashed and flipped off the road.

## Post Playing Career

While Mitchell was in hospital he was visited by a member of the Knights wheelchair basketball team who persuaded him to take up the game and, in 2004, he represented Ireland at the European Championships.
Whilst playing for the Knights he was contacted about an acting opportunity which resulted in him starring in the Channel 4 series Cast Offs. Mitchell admitted that he had never intended to pursue an acting career and "wasn't even in a school play" but nevertheless was cast, in 2011, as Pete Hamill in the soap Hollyoaks and in 2015 he appeared in Coronation Street.
Mitchell now tells his story, particularly to young footballers, as a motivational speaker
# Bettange-sur-Mess Castle

Bettange-sur-Mess Castle (Luxembourgish: Bettenger Schlass; French: Château de Bettange-sur-Mess) is located in the village of Bettange-sur-Mess near Dippach in the southwest of Luxembourg. Built in 1753 by René Louis de Geisen, the castle has changed ownership several times. Since 1996, it has been a retraining centre for mentally handicapped persons run by the Association des Parents d’Enfants Mentalement Handicapés.
# Troodos (community)

Troodos (Greek: Τροόδος) is a community in the Limassol District of Cyprus. Troodos was established in 2015.
# Hajji Babakhan, Sistan and Baluchestan

Hajji Babakhan (Persian: حاجي باباخان, also Romanized as Ḩājjī Bābākhān) is a village in Dust Mohammad Rural District, in the Central District of Hirmand County, Sistan and Baluchestan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 124, in 20 families.
# James Merriman

James Merriman may refer to:
* James Merriman (soccer) (born 1985), Canadian soccer coach
* James Merriman (politician) (1816–1883), Australian politician
* James Merriman (rugby union) (born 1984), Welsh rugby union player
* James A. Merriman (1869–1946), American physician and newspaper publisher
# 9th Battalion, CEF

The 9th Battalion, CEF, an infantry battalion of the Canadian Expeditionary Force, was authorized on 10 August 1914. It embarked for Britain on 1 October 1914, where it was redesignated as the 9th Reserve Infantry Battalion, CEF, on 29 April 1915, to provide reinforcements for the Canadian Corps in the field. The battalion was formally disbanded on 15 September 1917.
The battalion recruited in Edmonton, Alberta, and Ottawa, Ontario, and was mobilized at Camp Valcartier, Quebec.
The 9th Reserve Battalion formed part of the Canadian Training Depot at Tidworth Camp on the Salisbury Plain.
The 9th Battalion, CEF, had three officers commanding:
* Lt.-Col. S.M. Rogers, 22 September 1914 – 4 May 1915
* Lt.-Col. E.E.W Moore, 8 May 1915 – 25 April 1916
* Lt.-Col. E.B. Clegg, 25 April 1916 – 2 January 1917

## Perpetuations

The perpetuation of the battalion was assigned in 1920 to the 2nd Battalion (Edmonton Fusiliers) (9th Battalion, CEF), the Edmonton Regiment. When the Edmonton Regiment was split into two regiments in 1924, the perpetuation passed to the 1st Battalion (9th Battalion, CEF), the Edmonton Fusiliers. The Edmonton Fusiliers are now incorporated by amalgamation in the South Alberta Light Horse, which continues to perpetuate the 9th Battalion, CEF.

## Battle honour

In 1929, the 9th Battalion was awarded the honour "The Great War, 1914–17".
# Mohammad Mirzai

Mohammad Mirzai (Persian: محمدميرزايي, also Romanized as Moḩammad Mīrzā’ī) is a village in Khaveh-ye Jonubi Rural District, in the Central District of Delfan County, Lorestan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 586, in 111 families.
# Saint-Ouen Cemetery

The Saint-Ouen Cemetery (French: Cimetière Parisien de Saint-Ouen) is located just north of Montmartre at Saint-Ouen, near Paris. The cemetery consists of two parts. The first, located on Rue Adrien Lesesne opened in 1860 and the second at 2 Avenue Michelet was opened on 1 September 1872.

## Notable burials

* Alphonse Allais (1854–1905), writer
* Amer Alwan (1957–2023), film director and actor
* Yvette Andréyor (1891–1962), actress
* Mireille Balin (1909–1968), film actress
* Roland Charmy (1908–1987), violinist, husband of harpist Lily Laskine
* Carmen Damedoz, née Marie Élise Provost (1890–1964), artists model, dancer and aviator
* Eugène Godard (1827–1890), aeronaut
* Lily Laskine (1893–1988), harpist
* Mona Goya (1909–1961), actress
* Suzanne Lenglen (1899–1938), tennis champion
* Alfred Manessier (1911–1993), painter
* Jules Pascin (1885–1930), artist (later re-interred)
* Henri Quittard (1864–1919), composer, musicologist
* Émile-Alexandre Taskin, (1853–1897), opera singer
* Suzanne Valadon (1865–1938), painter
* Kakutsa Cholokashvili (1888–1930), Georgian soldier (later re-interred)
The cemetery contains one British Commonwealth war grave, of a Royal Marines officer of World War I.
# Nethanel ben Isaiah

Nethanel ben Isaiah (fl. 14th century) was a Yemenite Jewish rabbi, Biblical commentator and poet of the fourteenth century. He is best known as the author of a homiletic commentary on the Torah entitled Nur al-Zulm wa-Mashbah al-Hikm, translated into Hebrew as Sefer Me'or ha-Afelah (Hebrew: ספר מאור האפלה).

## His work

The first notice of this work was given by Jacob Saphir, who saw a manuscript of it at Hirbah, a small town in Yemen, in 1863. But the beginning of the manuscript was missing, and Saphir's statement that the author's name was Isaiah and that the title was Al-Nur wal-Zulm depends only upon hearsay. Two other manuscripts, one in Berlin and one in the Bodleian Library, bear the author's name, Nethanel ben Isaiah, and the full title of the work, Nur al-Zulm wa-Mashbah al-Hikm wa-Ikhraj al-Ma'ani fi al-Wujud Ba'd al'Adm. Alexander Kohut published a monograph on this work, giving some extracts, under the title "Light of Shade and Lamp of Wisdom" (New York, 1894). This title is given by Kohut as the translation of the Arabic title, though "Light out of Darkness" would be a more fitting translation, since Nethanel's introduction shows that his object was to comment on the obscure passages so as to make sure that their meanings should not escape the student.
Nethanel began his work on the 15th of Tammuz, 1640 of the Seleucidan era (June 23, 1328). Its references to Al-Yemen, San‘a’, and Aden make it appear probable that he wrote it in Yemen, although Steinschneider doubts this. It is written in a mixture of Arabic and Hebrew, and the nature of the work is more midrashic than exegetical. Nethanel quotes both Talmudim and the Targumim, but he is chiefly influenced by the Midrash Rabbah. Of the post-Talmudic authors, he mentions (besides the Geonim and Masoretes) Ibn Janah, Nathan ben Jehiel (under the designation of "the author of the "Arukh"), and especially Maimonides, who was the paramount authority among the Yemenites and from whom he merely copied long passages. Finally, he mentions such Arabic and Greek sources as the Almagest, al-Farabi, and Plato. Nethanel's commentary comprises explanations according to the numerical value of the letters (gematria), some philological notes, and polemical flings at both Christianity and Islam: for instance, in his commentary on Genesis 17:20 he designates Muhammad the "madman" ("meshugga").
Nethanel calls the five books of the Pentateuch (1) Sefer ha-Yashar, (2) Sefer Mekilta, (3) Torat Kohanim, (4) Homesh ha-Pequdim, and (5) Mishneh Torah, and he gives an Aramaic mnemonic formula for the weekly lessons; he is followed in both cases by Mansur al-Dhamari in his Siraj al-'Uqul. Nethanel illustrated his commentary with numerous figures and diagrams—e.g., of the Cave of Machpelah, the altar, the candlestick, etc. He inserted in his work three Hebrew poems, two of which were published by Kohut in his above-mentioned "Light of Shade and Lamp of Wisdom." Nethanel is often quoted under the designation of "ibn Yesha'yah" by Mansur al-Dhamari and by Daud al-Lawani in his philosophical commentary on the Pentateuch entitled al-Wajiz al-Mujna.
# Elaeophora

    Elaeophora is also a synonym for the plant genus Plukenetia.
Elaeophora is a genus of parasitic nematodes which live attached to the interior surfaces of major arteries, veins and/or heart chambers in various large mammal hosts. Infestation with Elaeophora species is referred to as elaeophorosis. The species of Elaeophora have been found in Africa, Asia, Europe, and North America. Despite the fact that they produce aneurysms in the arteries and heart of their hosts which measure up to 2 cm in diameter, overt clinical symptoms of infestation are seldom reported, with the notable exception of E. schneideri infestation in sheep, elk, and moose.

## Taxonomy

The type species Elaeophora poeli was first described as Filaria poeli in 1879. In 1912, the genus Elaeophora was created to distinguish this species from the other species of the genus Filaria. Elaeophora was made the senior synonym of the genera Alcefilaria and Cordophilus in 1976.

## Species

* Elaeophora abramovi (Oshmarin & Belous, 1951) Anderson & Bain, 1976 found in Moose (Alces alces) in Russia
* Elaeophora bohmi Supperer, 1953 found in horses in Austria and Iran;
* Elaeophora elaphi Hernandez-Rodriguez, Martinez-Gomez & Gutierrez-Palomino, 1986 found in Red Deer (Cervus elaphus) in Spain;
* Elaeophora linglingense Cheng, 1982 originally isolated from the aortic wall of cattle in Hunan Province, China. No other studies of this species have been published.
* Elaeophora poeli (Vryburg 1879) Railliet and Henry 1912 found in various cattle in Asia and Africa;
* Elaeophora sagitta (Linstow, 1907) Anderson & Bain, 1976 found in various antelope (Tragelaphus sp.), eland, and African Forest Buffalo in Africa;
* Elaeophora schneideri Wehr & Dikmans, 1935 found in various deer, sheep, elk, and moose in North America.

## General life cycle

Detailed life cycle studies have been reported for only one species of Elaeophora so far - E. schneideri. Microfilariae (not eggs) are shed by the adult female from her attachment site inside the lumen of the carotid artery of the definitive host. The microfilariae are carried through the blood stream and become lodged in the small capillaries of the skin in the head and facial areas. Blood-feeding horse flies ingest the microfilariae, which develop into infective larvae in the fly. The infective larvae enter a new definitive (mammal) host through the bite wound when the fly feeds again. The infective larvae migrate to secondary arterial sites, where they mature before migrating to the carotid artery. In the carotid artery, they mature into adults and reproduce sexually to produce microfilariae. It is assumed that the life cycles of other species of Elaeophora follow this general pattern.
# Mawson (continent)

The Mawson Continent (or Mawson Block, Mawson Craton) was a continent that may have formed around about 1730 Ma (1,730 million years ago). It included the Gawler Craton of southern Australia and correlated terrains in Antarctica. Since very little of the historical continent is exposed, the full extent is conjectural.

## Gawler–Adélie Craton

The Gawler craton and Terre Adélie craton share late Archean and early Proterozoic tectono-thermal events, and may be considered to be a single terrain from the Archean until rifting in the Cretaceous. There are correlatable timelines between the Gawler–Adélie Craton, Curnamona Province and North Australian Craton around 2500–2430 Ma, 2000 Ma, 1865–1850 Ma, 1730–1690 Ma and 1600–1550 Ma. It is therefore plausible that throughout the Paleoproterozoic the Gawler–Adélie Craton and North Australian Craton were joined into a single continental terrain.

## Formation of Mawson Continent

The Mawson Continent seems to have formed during the Kimban orogeny of around 1730–1690 Ma when the Gawler–Adélie Craton combined with the crust of the Miller Range of the Transantarctic Mountains. Later, around 1600–1550 Ma, the Coompana Block and its Antarctic extension was joined to the continent. The extent of the Mawson Continent is uncertain since Australia is now widely covered by Neoproterozoic to Phanerozoic rocks and Antarctica is almost entirely covered by ice and snow.

## Extent of the continent

The Gawler craton, Terre Adélie craton, Miller Range and Shackleton Range have few tectono-thermal events in common, apart from tectonism around 1700 Ma. Airborne and satellite magnetic geophysical data suggest that the Gawler-Adélie cratons differ in fundamental ways from the Miller Range and other parts of the East Antarctic Shield. There is evidence that suggests that the Miller Range terrain was accreted to the Gawler–Adélie Craton during the 1730–1690 Ma Kimban–Nimrod Orogeny, with a suture zone that may be at or near the location of the Nimrod Group. Australia and Antarctica separated between 85 Ma and 30 Ma.
Tectonics in the Southern Terrane of the Shackleton Range during the Paleoproterozoic were similar to that of the Mawson Continent, which may mean that this continent extends over the Eastern Antarctic Shield and includes the Shackleton Range. However, the correlations between the Mawson Continent and Shackleton Range do not prove the Shackleton Range was part of the continent, since there could have been rifting or accretion events during the Mesoproterozoic and Neoproterozoic.
# Roman Catholic Diocese of Valledupar

The Roman Catholic Diocese of Valledupar (Latin: Valleduparensis) is located in Cesar Department, Colombia with the cathedral in the city of Valledupar. It is in the ecclesiastical province of Barranquilla.

## History

* 4 December 1952: Established as Apostolic Vicariate of Valledupar from the Apostolic Vicariate of Goajira
* 25 April 1969: Promoted as Diocese of Valledupar

## Bishops
### Ordinaries

* Vicar Apostolic of Valledupar (Roman rite)
** Bishop Vicente Roig y Villalba, OFMCap (1952.12.04 – 1969.04.25)
* Bishops of Valledupar (Roman rite)
** Vicente Roig y Villalba, OFMCap (1969.04.25 – 1977.04.05)
** José Agustín Valbuena Jáuregui (1977.09.09 – 2003.06.10)
** Oscar José Vélez Isaza, CMF (2003.06.10 – present)

### Another priest of this diocese who became bishop

* Pablo Emiro Salas Anteliz, appointed Bishop of Espinal in 2007
# Social Democratic Power

The Social Democratic Power (Spanish: Poder Democrático Social, PODEMOS) was a Bolivian political alliance led by former President Jorge Quiroga and composed of the Nationalist Democratic Action (ADN) and the Christian Democratic Party (PDC).
It was established prior to the 2005 general elections, winning 28,59% of the votes and became the official opposition to the government of left-wing President Evo Morales and his Movement for Socialism (MAS).
The ADN withdrew from the alliance in 2006 and Quiroga eventually decided not to stand in the 2009 general election. It was delisted from the register of political parties in 2008 due to bureacratic reasons and was dissolved in 2009.
Former President of the Senate Óscar Ortiz was part of the alliance, but later left it to establish Popular Consensus, which endorsed Samuel Doria Medina in the 2009 election.
# Brooksia rostrata

Brooksia rostrata is a species of Salpida in the family Salpidae.
# Matthew MacKenzie

Matthew MacKenzie is a Canadian playwright and actor. He is most noted as a two-time Dora Mavor Moore Award winner for Outstanding New Play, Independent Theatre, winning in 2018 for Bears and in 2023 for The First Métis Man of Odesa.

## Early career

A member of the Métis Nation of Alberta from Edmonton, he is a graduate of the playwriting program at the National Theatre School of Canada. His early plays included Tick, Me Happy, The Particulars and In General.
In 2008, he launched his own theatre company, Pyretic Productions, in Edmonton.
His play Sia won the Alberta Playwriting Competition in 2010, and received its premiere production at Toronto's Factory Theatre in 2012.
His play Benefit was staged by Edmonton's Downstage Performance Society in 2014, and won two Elizabeth Sterling Haynes Awards.

## Bears

Bears was inspired in part by MacKenzie's discovery of his Métis ancestry, which his family had previously hidden. It centred on Floyd, a Métis man on the run from police after being blamed for an accident at his former workplace, an oil company that had tried to use him as token indigenous support for the construction of an oil pipeline.
Produced by Pyretic, it premiered at Edmonton's PCL Studio Theatre in 2015. It was staged by Toronto's The Theatre Centre in 2018, followed by a production at The Cultch theatre in Vancouver.
The Theatre Centre production won the Dora Awards for both Outstanding New Play and Outstanding Production in the independent division, and the play won the 2018 Carol Bolt Award.

## The First Métis Man of Odesa

Following Bears, he premiered the plays The Other, The Bone Wars or The Curse of the Pathological Palaeontologists and Bust. Rust was later reworked as After the Fire, which was a Dora nominee for Outstanding New Play, Independent in 2019.
During this period, he also went on several cultural exchange trips to Ukraine to learn more about the country, during which he met and entered a relationship with Ukrainian actress Mariya Khomutova.
MacKenzie wrote the original version of The First Métis Man of Odesa, which centred on the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on their plans to marry, on his own, and released it as a short audio drama through Factory Theatre's short drama podcasting platform in 2021. Following the Russian invasion of Ukraine in 2022, Mackenzie and Khomutova worked together to incorporate the impact of that event on their lives, including their efforts to get Khomutova's mother into Canada as a refugee, into an expanded version of the play.
The updated play premiered at The Theatre Centre in March 2023, with Mackenzie and Khomutova jointly credited as writers even though Khomutova had no prior experience as a playwright, and starring in the production together even though MacKenzie had only limited prior experience as an actor. Following its Toronto run, it was taken on a national tour, with engagements in Edmonton, Vancouver, Saskatoon and Winnipeg.
# Famous Trick Donkeys

Famous Trick Donkeys is a puzzle invented by Sam Loyd in 1858, first printed on a card supposed to promote P.T. Barnum's circus. At that time, the puzzle was first called "P.T. Barnum's trick mules". Millions of cards were sold, with an estimated income for Sam Loyd of $10,000 from 1871—more than $200,000 in 2023 dollars.

## History

According to Martin Gardner, the puzzle may have been inspired by a 17th-century Persian design, currently in the Museum of Fine Arts, Boston. (It was purchased by the museum in 1914 from Victor Goloubew. The latter acquired it in 1912 and exhibited it in Paris.)
In 1858, Sam Loyd says he thought of a puzzle card that consisted on two mules and two riders. Dividing the card into three pieces, the player had to place the cards in a way that each mule had one rider on. In 1871, after he had published The Wonderful Chinese Pony Puzzle, Sam decided to publish his mules puzzle, renaming it the "Puzzle of the Trick Mules".
P. T. Barnum saw the opportunity to promote his show on this puzzle card and offered ten thousand dollars to Sam Loyd to change the name of the puzzle to "P.T. Barnum's Trick Mules" Later on, and after Loyd had offered the puzzle to other firms, it was renamed again to "Famous Trick Donkeys", which sold more than 100,000,000 copies. Today The Sam Loyd Company owns the rights to the puzzle and released a commemorative puzzle card in 2016, 145 years after it was first published.

## Puzzle

The printed card of the puzzle shows two donkeys, the central part of which has been left blank on purpose. The third part of the card are the riders, and the objective of the puzzle is to arrange the three pieces (the two donkeys and the riders) so the riders are mounted on the donkeys' backs.

## Variations

In the 1857 version of the book The Magician's Own Book or the Whole Art of Conjuring there appears a picture of two dogs lying on the ground facing opposite sides. Called "The Dead Dog Puzzle" the objective was to draw 2 lines which make the dogs seem to be alive, instead of lying on the ground. In 1939 another variation of the puzzle was found as a prize of a popcorn company in their packages, the puzzle showed two mules and two cowboys. This time the mechanics of the game were the same as Sam Loyd's, other companies used a tiny card with this puzzle as a gift, like the Hotel Wellington in Albany in the 50s.
* "The Dead Dog Puzzle"
* "The Dead Dog Puzzle" solution
Today, many puzzle and mind-teasers websites offer the puzzle as an online game or a print-friendly version of it.

## Solution

The solution for the puzzle is that, of the two horses drawn, the head and back of each is not the one linked with lines. The head for the first horse is the back of the horse on the other side of the card and vice versa. To solve the puzzle, the two horse pieces are placed in a way that the back of the horse on the first piece is facing the back of the horse on the second piece. In the gap between, the jockey's piece of paper should be slipped in, thus forming an image on which a horse is running to the left and the other to the right, one upside up, and the other upside down.