OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Bahr (poetry)

A baḥr (from Arabic بحر, lit. 'sea'; Persian: بحر; Azerbaijani: bəhr; Turkish: bahir; Urdu: بحر; Uzbek: bahr) means a meter in Arabic, Persian, Turkic and Urdu poetry. Essentially, bahr is a specific pattern, combining the arkaan of Urdu prosody that define the "length" of a sher. However, generally bahr is categorized in three classes: Short, medium, long, depending upon the length of the sher of the ghazal.
For a ghazal, since all the shers in it should be of the same bahr, determining the bahr of one sher (or even one line of the sher) is enough to determine the bahr of the entire ghazal. For example, in this ghazal of Ghalib, the length and meter of the ashaar is same throughout. In terms of the European method of scansion, the metre can be written as follows (where "x" = long or short, "u" = short, "–" = long, "u u" = one long or two short syllables):
    x u – – u – u – u u –
    koii ummiid bar nahiin aatii
    koii suurat nazar nahiin aatii
    aage aatii thii haal-e-dil pe hansii
    ab kisii baat par nahiin aatii
    jaanataa huun savaab-e-taa'at-o-zahad
    par tabiiyat idhar nahiin aatii
    hai kuchh aisii hii baat jo chup huun
    varna kyaa baat kar nahiin aatii
    kaabaa kis muunh se jaaoge 'Ghaalib'
    sharm tum$^a$ko magar nahiin aatii
The ghazal above is written in a bahr called: khafiif musaddas makhbuun mahzuuf maqtu (Meter G8). This is a ten-syllable bahr and by the standards of Urdu poetry, is a chotii (small) bahr.
As with the scansion of Persian poetry, a syllable such as miid or baat consisting of a long vowel plus consonant, or sharm consisting of a short vowel and two consonants, is "overlong", and counts as a long syllable + a short one.
In Urdu prosody, unlike Persian, any final long vowel can be shortened as the metre requires, for example, in the word kaabaa in the last verse above.

## Taqti

Taqti is the process of breaking down words of all verses of a ghazal or a poem into fundamental syllables, calculating their weights (vazn), and checking if all verses have a consistent meter. For example, the word jaanisaar can be broken down into four syllables: jaa, ni, saa and r. The weight of jaa is 2, ni is 1, saa is 2 and r is 1, thus making the weight of the word jaanisaar 2121. Rekhta has developed a free online tool (Rekhta Taqti) that can be used to identify the bahr of any given ghazal or sher.

## Types of bahr

There exist many bahrs, but mainly there are 19 bahrs used in Urdu poetry. These bahrs are further distributed in different types, but they are not described here. The names are:
* baHr-e-rajaz
* baHr-e-ramal
* baHr-e-baseet
* baHr-e-taweel
* baHr-e-kaamil
* baHr-e-mutadaarik
* baHr-e-hazaj
* baHr-e-mushaakil
* baHr-e-madeed
* baHr-e-mutaqaarib
* baHr-e-mujtas
* baHr-e-muZaara
* baHr-e-munsareH
* baHr-e-waafer
* baHr-e-qareeb
* baHr-e-saree
* baHr-e-khafeef
* baHr-e-jadeed
* baHr-e-muqtaZeb
# Alileh Sar

Alileh Sar (Persian: اليله سر, also Romanized as Alīleh Sar and ‘Alīlahsar) is a village in Ani Rural District, in the Central District of Germi County, Ardabil Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 169, in 32 families.
# Lewis Pingo

Lewis Pingo (1743 - 26 August 1830), was a noted eighteenth medallist and engraver. From a family of engravers and medallists, he was the son of the Assistant Engraver at the Mint, Thomas Pingo. He was also the brother of the engraver, John Pingo and the York Herald, Benjamin Pingo.

## Career

In 1776 he was appointed to succeed his father as assistant-engraver at the mint where he served until 1779 when he was appointed chief engraver. Pingo engraved the dies for the shillings and sixpences of George III in the issue of 1787 and the second variety of the Maundy money of George III. He also engraved dies for the three-shilling Bank token and for the East India Company's copper coinage. He made patterns for the guinea, seven-shilling piece, penny and halfpenny of George III. Among Pingo's medals may be noticed: medal of Dr. Richard Mead, struck in 1773; the Royal Society Copley medal, with bust of Captain J. Cook, 1776; Freemasons' Hall medal, 1780; ‘Defence of Gibraltar,’ 1782; Christ's Hospital medal, reverse, open bible; medal of William Penn. His medals are signed L. P. and L. PINGO.

## Personal life

Lewis Pingo was born in the year 1743 in London. He married twice and had eight daughters. One of his wives was Sarah Rowley, daughter of Vice-Admiral Sir Joshua Rowley, 1st Baronet, one of their daughters, Sarah Pingo married John Horton of Sheriffhales Manor, Shifnal and was the grandmother of Mary Julia Horton who married John Moore Lester.
Pingo died at Camberwell on 26 August 1830.

## Gallery

* 1783 Royal Society of London Medal
* George III Guinea
* George III Guinea
* Military George III Guinea
* Military George III Guinea
# Rita Abatzi

Rita Abatzi (also spelled Abadzi; Greek: Ρίτα Αμπατζή; ? – 17 June 1969) was a Greek rebetiko musician who began her career in the first part of the 1930s.

## Biography

She was born in Smyrna (now İzmir), in the Aidin Vilayet of the Ottoman Empire. Some sources have given her year of birth as 1903.
A singer of rebetiko, Smyrneika, and other music, she was a popular performer on gramophone records in the 1930s. During that decade, the only female singer of rebetiko who rivalled her in popularity, and in the number of her recordings, was Roza Eskenazi.
Abatzi performed with many of the most famous musicians including Kostas Skarvelis, Spyros Peristeris, Dimitrios Semsis, Markos Vamvakaris and Vassilis Tsitsanis. Her career ended after World War II.
She died in Egaleo (Athens). Her sister, Sofia Karivali, was also a notable singer of rebetiko.

## Discography

Two collections dedicated to Rita Abatzi's recordings have been issued:
* Rita Abatzi 1933–1938, Heritage
* Rita Abatzi, Minos-Arkheio
Her recordings also appear on these anthologies:
* Women of Rembetika, JSP/Amazon
* Women of Rembetika 1908-1947, 4-CD collection, JSP/Amazon
# Qavaq-e Olya, East Azerbaijan

Qavaq-e Olya (Persian: قواق عليا, also Romanized as Qavāq-e ‘Olyā; also known as Qarāq-e Bālā) is a village in Kolah Boz-e Gharbi Rural District, in the Central District of Meyaneh County, East Azerbaijan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 259, in 51 families.
# Agios Dimitrios, Cyprus

Agios Dimitrios (Greek: Άγιος Δημήτριος) is a village in the Limassol District of Cyprus, located 6 km south of Prodromos.
# Sri Narong Stadium

Sri Narong Stadium (Thai: สนามกีฬาศรีณรงค์) is a multi-purpose stadium in Surin Province, Thailand. It is currently used mostly for football matches and is the home stadium of Surin City F.C.
This stadium used to be a boxing match between Khaosai Galaxy and Alberto Castro of Columbia in 1989, for Khaosai 11th defense of the WBA Junior bantamweight world title, the competition results are Khaosai won by TKO in 10th round.
# The Garage (Winston-Salem)

The Garage was a live music venue and bar in Winston-Salem, North Carolina, United States. It closed December 31, 2017. It was considered to be Winston's hallmark venue for local and touring acts. The Garage opened its doors unofficially in September 1999 and was owned and operated by Richard Emmett and Kimberly Lawson. The Garage was licensed and open in 2000. In May 2012, Emmett and Lawson sold the venue to its last owner, Tucker Tharpe. The Garage has been a host venue for Phuzz Phest, an annual music festival in downtown Winston-Salem, since 2012. The Garage has had two doormen Sam 'The Man' and Jon Hampton.
# Skawinka Skawina

Skawinka Skawina (TKS Skawinka Skawina) is a Polish football club based in Skawina. They currently play in the Klasa A, the eighth tier of the Polish football league system.

## History

The beginnings of the club dates back to 1918, when two Kraków students, Stanisław Madej and FranciszekLisowski, tried to train football in the city of Skawina. Due to numerous failures, the issue of establishing the club was suspended for several years. It was only at the beginning of 1921 that a few football enthusiasts wanted to change this state of affairs. It was then that a clubhouse and a sports field were arranged. A request was also submitted to the KOZPN to accept the team as a member, and the club was officially founded 1922 by obtaining the membership. On 10 May 1925, the Skawinka ground was opened.

## Current squad

    As of 29 March 2021
Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.
| No. | Pos. | Nation | Player |
| — | GK | POL | Michał Walachnia |
| — | GK | POL | Daniel Możuch |
| — | DF | POL | Marcin Curzydło |
| — | DF | POL | Paweł Czajka (player-coach) |
| — | DF | POL | Krzysztof Banach |
| — | DF | POL | Rafał Sowa |
| — | DF | POL | Jerzy Anton |
| — | DF | POL | Konrad Oleś |
| — | DF | POL | Paweł Marczyk |
| — | MF | POL | Jakub Kaganek |
| — | MF | POL | Tomasz Grzesiak |
| No. | Pos. | Nation | Player |
| — | MF | POL | Banjamin Jeż |
| — | MF | POL | Krzysztof Pachacz |
| — | MF | POL | Jakub Piekarski |
| — | MF | POL | Karol Stokłosa |
| — | MF | POL | Mateusz Przebinda |
| — | MF | POL | Rafał Śliwa |
| — | MF | POL | Przemysław Konik |
| — | FW | POL | Paweł Grzesiak |
| — | FW | POL | Rafał Piszczek |
| — | FW | POL | Kewin Wąsiołek |
# Akh Kand Pain Castle

Akh Kand Pain castle (Persian: قلعه آخکند پائین) is a historical castle located in Bijar County in Kurdistan Province, The longevity of this fortress dates back to the Historical periods after Islam.
# Starod

Starod (pronounced; Italian: Starada) is a village in the Municipality of Ilirska Bistrica in the traditional Littoral region of Slovenia, on the border with Croatia.
The local church in the settlement is dedicated to Saint Joseph and belongs to the Parish of Podgrad.
# Felsőlajos

Felsőlajos is a village in Bács-Kiskun county, in the Southern Great Plain region of Hungary.

## Geography

It covers an area of 11.41 km$^2$ (4 sq mi) and has a population of 864 people (2015).
# Petros Tatoulis

Petros Tatoulis (Greek: Πέτρος Τατούλης; born 6 March 1953 in Kastri, Arcadia) is a Greek surgeon and independent politician, who served as Regional Governor of the Peloponnese from 2011 to 2019.
A long standing Member of the Hellenic Parliament for Nea Dimokratia, he served as Deputy Minister of Culture from 2004 until 2006. When he became a succeedingly vocal critic of his party, he was expelled in 2008. In the 2010 elections, he was however popularly elected Regional governor of Peloponnese, and was reelected in 2014, following a reconciliation with his former party.

## Biography

Born 1953 in a small village in Cynuria, Tatoulis studied medicine at the National and Kapodistrian University of Athens and worked as a surgeon in hospitals in Arcadia, Athens and Piraeus.

### MP and Deputy Minister of Culture

Following the 1990 legislative election, Petros Tatoulis served for six consecutive terms as a Member of the Hellenic Parliament for the Arcadia constituency. In the first Karamanlis cabinet (2004–2006), he was Deputy Minister for Culture under Prime minister Kostas Karamanlis who at the same time served as Minister for Culture.
He eventually became known as a "party rebel" though, and fought a number of disputes with his own party. In 2008 he condemned a conflict of interest of Minister of State Theodoros Roussopoulos regarding the role of his wife's job as a journalist and publisher, and asked for one of the two to step down. Prime minister Karamanlis rejected Tatoulis' reproaches: "Such views are anachronistic, if not medieval, about the role of women in modern society." He has also been a vocal critic in the affair around Christos Zahopoulos whom he had already distrusted when he was Deputy minister. Following an Ethnos interview in which Tatoulis railed against the government for failing to crack down on corruption, on 10 November he was finally expelled from both Nea Dimokratia's parliamentary faction and the party, but remained an independent MP until 2009.

### Regional governor of Peloponnese

In the 2010 regional election, Tatoulis ran on an independent ticket for the governorship of the Peloponnese region. Supported by an unusual duet of social democratic PASOK and right-wing LAOS party, he defeated Nea Dimokratia's candidate Dimitrios Drakos in the second round winning 52.53% of the popular vote. He eventually reconciled with his former party so it subsequently supported him in the 2014 regional election when he was reelected defeating SYRIZA's candidate Odysseas Boudouris in the second round winning 59.35% of the electoral vote. Tatoulis lost reelection to Panagiotis Nikas in 2019.
# 1356 Basel earthquake

The 1356 Basel earthquake is the most significant seismological event to have occurred in Central Europe in recorded history and had a moment magnitude in the range of 6.0–7.1. This earthquake, which occurred on 18 October 1356, is also known as the Sankt-Lukas-Tag Erdbeben (English: Saint Luke's Day Earthquake), as 18 October is the feast day of Saint Luke the Evangelist.

## Earthquake

After a foreshock between 19:00 and 20:00 local time, the main earthquake struck at around 22:00, and numerous aftershocks followed through that night. Basel experienced a second, very violent shock in the middle of the night. The town within the ramparts was destroyed by a fire when torches and candles falling to the floor set the wooden houses ablaze. The number of deaths within the town of Basel is estimated at 300. All major churches and castles within a 30 km (19 mi) radius of Basel were destroyed.
The seismic crisis lasted a year. The modeling of the macroseismic data suggests that the earthquake's source had an east–west orientation, a direction corresponding with the overlapping faults on the Jura Front. On the other hand, recent paleoseismic studies attribute the cause of this earthquake to a normal fault, oriented NNE-SSW and south of the town. The significant magnitude of the event suggests a possible extension of this fault under the town.

### Location

Due to the limited records of the event, a variety of epicenters have been proposed for the earthquake. Some of the proposed locations include faults beneath the Jura Mountains or along the Basel-Reinach escarpment. Another study placed the epicenter 10 km (6.2 mi) south of Basel.

### Intensity

The earthquake was felt as far away as Zurich, Konstanz, and even in Île-de-France. The maximum intensity registered on the Medvedev–Sponheuer–Karnik scale was IX–X (Destructive–Devastating). The macroseismic map was established on the basis of damage reported by the region's 30 to 40 castles.
From this macroseismic data, various studies have been conducted to estimate the moment magnitude of the earthquake, which have resulted in various values of 6.2 (BRGM 1998); 6.0 (GEO-TER 2002); 6.9 (SED 2004) with a follow-up report suggesting a range of between 6.7 and 7.1; 6.6 (GFZ 2006); and a major Swiss study by 21 European experts, with American involvement, in which four sub-groups estimated values of 6.9, 6.9, 6.5 to 6.9, and 6.5 ± 0.5 (PEGASOS 2002–2004). There are also different opinions about which faults were involved.

### Damage

The earthquake destroyed the city of Basel, Switzerland, near the southern end of the Upper Rhine Graben, and caused much destruction in a vast region extending from Paris to Prague. Though major earthquakes are common at the seismically active edges of tectonic plates in Turkey, Greece, and Italy, intraplate earthquakes are rare events in Central Europe. According to the Swiss Seismological Service, of more than 10,000 earthquakes in Switzerland over the past 800 years, only half a dozen of them have registered more than 6.0 on the Richter scale.
# Yamaha V9938

The Yamaha V9938 is a video display processor (VDP) used on the MSX2 home computer, as well as on the Geneve 9640 enhanced TI-99/4A clone and the Tatung Einstein 256. It was also used in a few MSX1 computers, in a configuration with 16kB VRAM.
The Yamaha V9938, also known as MSX-Video or VDP (Video Display Processor), is the successor of the Texas Instruments TMS9918 used in the MSX1 and other systems. The V9938 was in turn succeeded by the Yamaha V9958.

## Specifications

* Video RAM: 16–192 KB
* Text modes: 80 × 24, 40 × 24 and 32 × 24
* Resolution: 512 × 212 (16 colors from 512), 256 × 212 (16 colors from 512) and 256 × 212 (256 colors)
* Sprites: 32, 16 colors, max 8 per horizontal line
* Hardware acceleration for copy, line, fill and logical operations available
* Interlacing to double vertical resolution
* Vertical scroll register

### Detailed specifications

* Video RAM: 4 possible configurations
** 16 KB (modes G4 up to G7 will not be available)
** 64 KB (modes G6 and G7 will not be available)
** 128 KB: most common configuration
** 192 KB, where 64 KB is extended-VRAM (only available as back-buffer for G4 and G5 modes)
* Clock: 21 MHz
* Video output frequency: 15 kHz
* Color encoding: Software switchable between 50 Hz PAL mode and 60 Hz NTSC mode
* Sprites: 32, 16 colors (1 per line. 3, 7 or 15 colors/line by using the CC attribute), max 8 per horizontal line
* Hardware acceleration, with copy, line, fill etc. With or without logical operations.
* Vertical scroll register
* Capable of superimposition and digitization
* Support for connecting a lightpen and a mouse
* Resolution:
** Horizontal: 256 or 512
** Vertical: 192p, 212p, 384i or 424i
* Color modes:
** Paletted RGB: 16 colors out of 512 (9-bit RGB)
** Fixed RGB: 256 colors
* Screen modes
** Text modes:
*** T1: 40 × 24 with 2 colors (out of 512)
*** T2: 80 × 24 with 4 colors (out of 512)
*** All text modes can have 26.5 rows as well.
** Pattern modes
*** G1: 256 × 192 with 16 paletted colors and 1 table of 8×8 patterns
*** G2: 256 × 192 with 16 paletted colors and 3 tables of 8×8 patterns
*** G3: 256 × 192 with 16 paletted colors and 3 tables of 8×8 patterns
*** MC: 64 × 48 with 16 paletted colors and 8×2 patterns
*** All modes with 192 lines can have 212 lines as well (similarly 48 → 53 in MC)
** Bitmap modes:
*** G4: 256 × 212 with 16 paletted colors
*** G5: 512 × 212 with 4 paletted colors
*** G6: 512 × 212 with 16 paletted colors
*** G7: 256 × 212 with 256 fixed-colors
*** All modes with 212 lines can have 192 lines as well (similarly 48 → 53 in MC)
*** All vertical resolutions can be doubled by interlacing

## MSX-specific terminology

On MSX, the screen modes are often referred to by their assigned number in MSX-Basic. This mapping is as follows:
| Basic mode | VDP mode | MSX system |
| Screen 0 (width 40) | T1 | MSX 1 |
| Screen 0 (width 80) | T2 | MSX 2 |
| Screen 1 | G1 | MSX 1 |
| Screen 2 | G2 | MSX 1 |
| Screen 3 | MC | MSX 1 |
| Screen 4 | G3 | MSX 2 |
| Screen 5 | G4 | MSX 2 |
| Screen 6 | G5 | MSX 2 |
| Screen 7 | G6 | MSX 2 |
| Screen 8 | G7 | MSX 2 |
# Cleobulus

Cleobulus (/ˌklioʊˈbjuːləs, kliˈɒbjələs/; Greek: Κλεόβουλος ὁ Λίνδιος, Kleoboulos ho Lindios; fl. 6th century BC) was a Greek poet and a native of Lindos. He is one of the Seven Sages of Greece.

## Life

Cleobulus was the son of Evagoras and a citizen of Lindus in Rhodes. Clement of Alexandria called Cleobulus king of the Lindians, and Plutarch spoke of him as the tyrant. The letter quoted by Diogenes Laërtius, in which Cleobulus invites Solon to Lindus as a democratic place of refuge from the tyrant Peisistratus in Athens, is undoubtedly a later forgery. Cleobulus is also said to have studied philosophy in Egypt. He had a daughter, Cleobulina, who found fame as a poet, composing riddles in hexameter verse. Cleobulus is said to have lived to the age of seventy, and to have been greatly distinguished for strength and beauty of person.

## Extant fragments

Cleobulus apparently wrote lyric poems, as well as riddles in verse. Diogenes Laërtius also ascribes to him the inscription on the tomb of Midas, of which Homer was considered by others to have been the author:
I am a brazen maiden lying here Upon the tomb of Midas. And as long As water flows, as trees are green with leaves, As the sun shines and eke the silver moon, As long as rivers flow, and billows roar, So long will I upon this much wept tomb, Tell passers by, "Midas lies buried here."
The Suda mentions him, and farther down, his daughter Cleobulina. An epigram of his is in the Palatine Anthology (VII, 153), and in another place records two epigrams together as "One of Homer, or of Cleobulus", without specifying which is the latter's. French scholar Pierre Waltz analyzed the problem in the Anthologie Grecque Likewise an enigma is attributed to him is recorded in the Palatine Anthology (XIV).
Many sayings were attributed to Cleobulus:
* "Ignorance and talkativeness bear the chief sway among men."
* "Cherish not a thought."
* "Do not be fickle, or ungrateful."
* "Be fond of hearing rather than of talking."
* "Be fond of learning rather than unwilling to learn."
* "Seek virtue and eschew vice."
* "Be superior to pleasure."
* "Instruct one's children."
* "Be ready for reconciliation after quarrels."
* "Avoid injustice."
* "Do nothing by force."
* "Moderation is the best thing."

## Legacy

There is a stone tumulus on the northern headland of Lindos bay, which is sometimes called the "Tomb of Cleobulus".
An asteroid, 4503 Cleobulus, discovered in 1989, is named for him.
# Grand Župan

Grand, Great or Chief Župan (Serbian: Велики жупан, Veliki župan, Latin: magnus iupanus, Greek: ζουπανος μεγας, romanized: zoupanos megas) is the English rendering of a South Slavic title which relates etymologically to Župan (originally a pater familias, later the tribal chief of a unit called a župa). It was most commonly attested among the Serbs.

## Bulgaria

A decorated silver cup with a Medieval Greek inscription attests to the use of the title zoupanos megas in 9th-century Bulgaria. The inscription refers to a certain Sivin (Bulgar name), who appears to have held that position at the time of Kniaz Boris I (852–889). Sivin was among the Bulgarian boyars who supported the official Christianization, as the subsequently added line "May God help" suggests. The title zoupan tarkanos was also interpreted as having same or similar meaning.

## Serbia

In the Middle Ages, the Serbian veliki župan (велики жупан) was the supreme chieftain in the multi-tribal society. The title signifies overlordship as the leader of lesser chieftains titled župan. It was used by the Serb rulers in the 11th and 12th centuries. In Greek, it was known as archizoupanos (ἄρχιζουπάνος), megazoupanos (μεγαζουπάνος) and megalos zoupanos (μεγάλος ζουπάνος).
In the 1090s, Vukan became the veliki župan in Grand Principality of Serbia. Stefan Nemanja expelled his brother Tihomir in 1168 and assumed the title of veliki župan, as described in the Charter of Hilandar (и постави ме великог жупана). A Latin document used mega iupanus for King Stefan the First-Crowned (Stephanus dominus Seruie siue Rasie, qui mega iupanus). Afterward, it was a high noble rank with notable holders such as Altoman Vojinović (fl. 1335–59).

## Yugoslavia

It was used in the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes (1922–29) as a governmental title for the head of the oblast (an administrative division), the state was divided into 33 oblasts.
# Bochali

Bochali (Greek: Μπόχαλη) is a village and a community in the southern part of the island of Zakynthos. It is part of the municipal unit of the city of Zakynthos. The community includes the villages Akrotiri and Kydoni. It is situated on a hill near the Ionian Sea coast, 1 km northwest of Zakynthos city centre and 1.5 km east of Gaitani.

## Population

| Year | Settlement population | Community population |
| 1981 | 498 | - |
| 1991 | 503 | - |
| 2001 | 730 | 907 |
| 2011 | 876 | 1,143 |
| 2021 | 658 | 1,175 |
# Enrique van Rysselberghe

Enrique van Rysselberghe may refer to:
* Enrique van Rysselberghe Martínez (1911–1984), Chilean architect and politician
* Enrique van Rysselberghe Varela (1937–2013), Chilean architect, businessman and politician, son of Enrique van Rysselberghe Martínez
* Enrique van Rysselberghe Herrera (born 1976), Chilean engineer and politician, son of Enrique van Rysselberghe Varela