OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Togulsky District

Togulsky District (Russian: То́гульский райо́н) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the fifty-nine in Altai Krai, Russia. It is located in the east of the krai. The area of the district is 2,000 square kilometers (770 sq mi). Its administrative center is the rural locality (a selo) of Togul. Population: 8,478 (2010 Census); 10,450 (2002 Census); 11,431 (1989 Soviet census). The population of Togul accounts for 51.3% of the district's total population.
# Sergeyevka, Lgovsky District, Kursk Oblast

Sergeyevka (Russian: Сергеевка) is a rural locality (Russian: деревня, lit. 'village') in Kudintsevky Selsoviet Rural Settlement, Lgovsky District, Kursk Oblast, Russia. Population: 274 (2010 Census); 321 (2002 Census);

## Geography

The village is located on the Seym River, 52 km from the Russia–Ukraine border, 69 km west of Kursk, 6.5 km north-west of the district center – the town Lgov, 2 km from the selsoviet center – Kudintsevo.

### Climate

Sergeyevka has a warm-summer humid continental climate (Dfb in the Köppen climate classification).

## Transport

Sergeyevka is located 40 km from the road of regional importance 38K-038 (Fatezh – Dmitriyev), 16 km from the road 38K-005 (Konyshyovka – Zhigayevo – 38K-038), 5.5 km from the road 38K-023 (Lgov – Konyshyovka), 6.5 km from the road 38K-017 (Kursk – Lgov – Rylsk – border with Ukraine), on the road of intermunicipal significance 38Н-440 (Lgov – Kudintsevo), 3.5 km from the nearest railway station Sherekino (railway line Navlya – Lgov-Kiyevsky).
The rural locality is situated 75 km from Kursk Vostochny Airport, 151 km from Belgorod International Airport and 278 km from Voronezh Peter the Great Airport.
# Novoalexeyevka, Miyakinsky District, Republic of Bashkortostan

Novoalexeyevka (Russian: Новоалексеевка) is a rural locality (a village) in Miyakibashevsky Selsoviet, Miyakinsky District, Bashkortostan, Russia. The population was 8 as of 2010. There is 1 street.

## Geography

Novoalexeyevka is located 17 km northeast of Kirgiz-Miyaki (the district's administrative centre) by road. Dneprovka is the nearest rural locality.
# UNIFFAC Clubs Cup

The UNIFFAC Clubs Cup is an international club association football competition run by the Central African Football Federations' Union (French: Union des Fédérations de Football d'Afrique Centrale) known by its French acronym UNIFFAC, for clubs from Central African countries of Cameroon, Chad, Congo, DR Congo, Equatorial Guinea and Gabon.

## Winners

| Season | Winner | Score | Runner-up |
| 2004 | Bamboutos FC (Cameroon) | 1st leg: 1-2 2nd leg: 2-1 Penalties: 6-5 | FC 105 Libreville (Gabon) |
| 2005 | Téléstar FC (Gabon) | 1st leg: 2-1 2nd leg: 1-0 | AS Police (Congo) |
| 2006 | SC Cilu (DR Congo) | 1st leg: 3-1 2nd leg: 0-0 | Fovu Baham (Cameroon) |
# Raches

Raches (Greek: Ράχες) is a village and a former municipality on the island of Ikaria, North Aegean, Greece. Since the 2011 local government reform it is part of the municipality Ikaria, of which it is a municipal unit. With a population of 2,282 inhabitants (2021 census) and a land area of 101.768 km$^2$, it is the largest in area, smallest in population, and therefore the least densely populated of the three municipal units on Icaria. The other two municipal units are Agios Kirykos and Evdilos.
# Kamionka, Gmina Mszczonów

Kamionka is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Mszczonów, within Żyrardów County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland.
# Oksana Kotova

Oksana Kotova (born 21 December 1974) is a Kazakhstani cross-country skier. She competed in five events at the 1994 Winter Olympics.
# Majoritarian criteria

In voting theory, the term majority criterion can refer to:
* majority-favorite criterion
* Woodall's mutual majority criterion
* The majority-loser criterion and majoritarian failure
* Condorcet loser criterion
# Lindsay Williams (cross-country skier)

Lindsay Williams (born June 16, 1984) is an American cross-country skier. She competed in two events at the 2006 Winter Olympics.

## Cross-country skiing results

All results are sourced from the International Ski Federation (FIS).

### Olympic Games

| Year | Age | 10 km  individual | 15 km  skiathlon | 30 km  mass start | Sprint | 4 × 5 km  relay | Team  sprint |
| 2006 | 21 | — | 62 | — | 38 | — | — |

### World Cup
#### Season standings

| Season | Age | Discipline standings | Discipline standings | Discipline standings | Ski Tour standings | Ski Tour standings |
| Season | Age | Overall | Distance | Sprint | Tour de Ski | World Cup Final |
| 2005 | 20 | NC | NC | — | — | — |
| 2006 | 21 | NC | NC | NC | — | — |
| 2008 | 23 | NC | NC | NC | — | — |
| 2009 | 24 | NC | — | NC | — | — |
# Cven, Ljutomer

Cven (pronounced, German: Zween) is a village in the Municipality of Ljutomer in eastern Slovenia. The area is part of the traditional region of Styria and is now included in the Mura Statistical Region.

## Name

Cven was attested in written sources in 1445 as Wyenn and circa 1500 as Wienn. The Slovene name Cven is borrowed from the Middle High German prepositional phrase ze Wienn, literally 'at Wienn'. The name Wienn refers to a manor built in the 14th century by a military commander named Aman. It may be derived from the Middle High German noun win 'acquisition'. For similar Slovene geographical names based on foreign-language prepositional phrases of location, compare Cmurek, Crngrob, Dragonja, Sostro, and Spuhlja.

## History

Potsherds and human remains from antiquity have been found in the settlement, testifying to early settlement in the area. The village was sacked during a peasant uprising in 1704, and the castle was also burned and never rebuilt. Cven Castle was surrounded by a meander in the Murica River on three sides and protected by a moat on the fourth side. Cven was known for horse breeding from the mid-19th century until the Second World War. Horse races were held as early as 1850 along the road from Ljutomer to Križevci pri Ljutomeru, and a horse racing society was established in 1875, which also set up a racetrack in Cven. A school was established in the village in 1879, and a fire station was built in 1892.

## Cultural heritage

There is a small chapel with a belfry in the centre of the village. It is dedicated to Saint Joseph and was built in 1867.

## Notable people

Notable people that were born or lived in Cven include:
* Jakob Babič (1909–1941), political activist
* Aleksander Dimitrijev (ca. 1868–1942), Russian colonel, horse-breeding specialist, and technical writer
* Avgust Loparnik (1911–?), musician
* Stanko Pušenjak (1895–1965), healthcare worker
* Tomaž Pušenjak (1861–1920), beekeeper and agricultural specialist
* Vekoslav Raič (1844–1929), social activist
* Ivan Rajh (1842–1908), politician
* Janez Reich (1857–1938), education specialist
* Franc Seršen (1850–1916), social activist
* Peter Skuhala (1850–1916), poet, storyteller, and journalist
* Franc Vozlič (1853–1915), folklore specialist
# Courtauly

Courtauly (French pronunciation: ; Occitan: Cortaulin) is a commune in the Aude department in southern France.
# Apisamai Srirangsan

Apisamai Srirangsan (Thai: อภิสมัย ศรีรังสรรค์; RTGS: Aphisamai Sirangsan), nicknamed Birth (Thai: เบิร์ท) (born December 15, 1974) is a Thai doctor and beauty pageant titleholder who was crowned Miss Thailand 1999. She attended the medical school of Khon Kaen University. She competed in the Miss Universe 1999 pageant competition held in Trinidad and Tobago as the last Miss Thailand titleholder to compete.
Currently, she works as the Director of Bangkok Hospital Rehabilitation and Recovery Center Bangkok Thailand

## Filmography
### News presenter

* News presenter Channel 7 (2001-2008)
* Evening News (Part 2) Channel 7
* News Channel 7
* Evening News NBT
* News presenter NBT (2011-2014)
* News presenter One 31 (2014-2015)

### Personalities

| Year | Thai title | Title | Network | Notes | With |
| 2005-2008 | เพราะฉันคือผู้หญิง | | iTV And TITV | | |

## Work

On January 14, 2021, during the COVID-19 pandemic in Thailand he was appointed assistant spokesperson for COVID-19 Situation Administration (CCSA) by the CCSA board, led by Prayut Chan-o-cha.
# Metapleural gland

Metapleural glands (also called metasternal or metathoracic glands) are secretory glands that were considered unique to ants and basal in the evolutionary history of ants. They are responsible for the production of an antibiotic fluid that then collects in a reservoir on the posterior of the ant's alitrunk. These reservoirs are also referred to as the bulla and vary in size between ant species and also between castes of the same species. As of 2023, research has found a metapleural gland convergently evolved in the wasp species Pelecinus polyturator.
From the bulla, ants can groom the secretion onto the surface of their exoskeleton. This helps to prevent the growth of bacteria and fungal spores on the ants and inside their nest.
Though considered an important component in an ant's immunity against parasites, some ant species have lost the gland during their evolution. These losses correlate with ants that have a 'weaving' lifestyle, such as ants in the genus Oecophylla, Camponotus and Polyrhachis. It was originally suggested that because this weaving lifestyle also tended to involve an arboreal lifestyle, the parasite pressure above ground was not as great as for terrestrial ants, resulting in a reduced selective pressure to keep this antibiotic gland. Recent work suggests instead that these ants may just use other antiparasitic defenses such as increased grooming and venom.
Most male ants are not known to have metapleural glands. It is believed that they benefit from the shared secretions of ant workers and do not need any themselves. Additionally, slave-making ants do not have metapleural glands, though the slave species they use do and it is these ants that groom the slavemakers and their brood.
# Kamionka, Gmina Piaseczno

Kamionka is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Piaseczno, within Piaseczno County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It is part of the Warsaw metropolitan area.
The village was founded in 1912 by splitting from Gołków. The name probably derives from the deposits of a mixture of gravel and sand found in the area. In Old Polish fine gravel was called kamień.
# Alpinia officinarum

Alpinia officinarum, known as lesser galangal, is a plant in the ginger family, cultivated in Southeast Asia. It originated in China, where its name ultimately derives. It can grow 1.5 to 2 m high, with long leaves and reddish-white flowers. The rhizomes, known as galangal, are valued for their sweet spicy flavor and aromatic scent. These are used throughout Asia in curries and perfumes, and were previously used widely in Europe. They are also used as a herbal remedy.

## Etymology

The genus is named for Prospero Alpini, a 17th-century Italian botanist who specialized in exotic plants. The word "galangal" comes from the Arabic form of a Chinese word for the plant, "高良薑" ("gou-loeng-goeng" in Cantonese, "gao-liang-jiang" in Mandarin). In Tamil it is known as a "சிற்றரத்தை or சித்தரத்தை" ("see-tha-ra-thai), widely used in Siddha Medicine and in culinaries.

## Description

This herbaceous plant can grow up to 2 metres in height. The leaves are lanceolate (long and thin), and the flowers are white with streaks of red, growing from a spike at the top. The plant's rhizomes, the part known as galangal, are thin and tough, and they are the principal reason the plant is cultivated. They have orange flesh with a brown coating, and have an aromatic odor and a sweet flavor. These are smaller than greater galangal which have a stronger peppery pine-like bite that is lacking in the sweeter rhizomes of lesser galangal.

## Uses

The galangal rhizomes were widely used in ancient and medieval Europe, where they were reputed to smell of roses and taste of sweet spice. Its use in Europe has dramatically declined.
In Asia the rhizomes are ground to powder for use in curries, drinks, and jellies. In India an extract is used in perfumes, and Tartars prepare a tea with it.
Alpinia officinarum contains high concentrations of the flavonol galangin. Historically, the rhizomes were reputed to have stimulant and digestive effects.

## Distribution

Lesser galangal is native to China, growing mainly on the southeastern coast, including Hainan, and is also grown in Japan, Thailand, and Vietnam. It is also cultivated in India. Hong Kong is the commercial center for the sale and distribution of the lesser galangal.

## Common name confusion

Although the common name "lesser galangal" most appropriately refers to Alpinia officinarum, it is sometimes misapplied to other plants, such as Kaempferia galanga, which has a peppery camphorous taste and is used in Indonesia, Malaysia and other Southeast Asian countries. Cyperus longus is sometimes referred to as "galingal", and has similar uses, with spicy, starchy rhizomes used in cooking. Boesenbergia rotunda, also called Chinese ginger or fingerroot, is sometimes also referred to as "lesser galangal".
# Adam Wiśniewski-Snerg

Adam Wiśniewski-Snerg (1 January 1937 – 30 August 1995) was a Polish science fiction author, born in Płock, Poland.
Although unpopular during his life, after his suicide he became recognized as one of the most significant authors of Polish SF.
His novel Robot was first published in English in 2021 in a translation by Tomasz Mirkowicz, who died in 2003. He was the prototype of Sneer, the main character of Limes inferior, one of the novels by Janusz A. Zajdel.

## Publications

* Robot ("Robot") (1973)
* Według łotra ("According, to the Thief") (Wydawnictwo Literackie, Kraków 1978)
* Nagi cel ("The Naked Target") (1980)
* Arka ("The Ark") (Czytelnik, Warszawa 1989)
* Jednolita teoria czasoprzestrzeni ("The Uniform Theory of the Spacetime") (1990)
** A non-science fiction book, in which the author presents his vision of the "General Theory of Everything", i.e., the unifying theory for all physical aspects of the universe. This theory was not taken seriously by physicists.
Posthumous
* "ORO" ("ORO") (Amber, Warszawa 1997)
* "Trzecia cywilizacja" ("The Third Civilization") (C&T, Toruń 1998)
# C10 road (Namibia)

C10 is an untarred highway in southern Namibia. It starts in ǀAi-ǀAis and ends at the Namibia–South Africa border where the road changes into the R358 road at Onseepkans. The highway is 241 kilometres (150 mi) long. The road travels one kilometre (0.62 mi) past from Karasburg, which can be accessed by the M21. This also can be used to get onto the B3 road.
# Panagia, Grevena

Panagia (Greek: Παναγία, before 1955: Τουρνίκιον – Tournikion) is a village and a community of the Deskati municipality. Before the 2011 local government reform it was part of the municipality of Deskati, of which it was a municipal district. The 2021 census recorded 71 inhabitants in the village. The community of Panagia covers an area of 67.555 km$^2$.
# Pérols

Pérols (French pronunciation: ; Occitan: Peròus) is a commune in the Hérault department in the Occitanie region in southern France. Close to the city of Montpellier, it is mostly a quiet village with beautiful old buildings.
# Alpine Dachsbracke

The Alpine Dachsbracke (German: Alpenländische Dachsbracke) is a small breed of dog of the scent hound type originating in Austria. The Alpine Dachsbracke was bred to track wounded deer as well as boar, hare, and fox. It is highly efficient at following a trail even after it has gone cold. The Alpine Dachsbracke is very sturdy.

## Description
### Appearance

This small dog has a slight resemblance to a Dachshund, with short legs (although longer than a dachshund's) and a long body. The coat is dense, short but smooth except for the tail and neck. The round eyes have a lively expression. Being very sturdy, the Alpine Dachsbracke is visibly robust and has a big boned structure.
Preferred colors in competition are dark deer red with or without black hairs lightly interspersed. Black with red-brown markings on the head, chest, legs, feet, and tail are also permitted, as well as a white star on the chest (according to the American Rare Breed Association). The ideal height for dogs is 37–38 cm, and the ideal height for bitches is 36–37 cm. Strong limbs and feet, with black toenails and tight toes as well as strong elastic skin are features that judges look for in competition. They also look for a trotting gait. The top coat should be very thick, the undercoat dense and both closefitting to the body.
The Alpine Dachsbracke weighs from 15 to 18 kg (33 to 40 lb) and stands from 34 to 42 cm (13 to 16 in) at the withers. It is often compared with the dachshund, as they are very similar in appearance.

### Temperament

Used effectively to track wounded deer, this breed could work even in harsh terrain and high altitude. It makes a good companion, although it is primarily a hunter and therefore is kept mostly by hunters. It has a fearless, friendly and intelligent personality. Most Alpine Dachsbrackes are excellent with children and good with dogs and other pets, though they may exhibit a strong prey drive typical of many scent dogs.

## History

Alpine Dachsbrackes, as with the other Bracke, can be dated back to the middle of the 19th century. The Dachsbrache were bred down in size by crossing the larger dogs with Dachshunds. It once was a favorite of German royalty. During the 1880s, Alpine Dachsbrackes accompanied Crown Prince Rudolf of Habsburg on hunting trips to Egypt and Turkey.
The Fédération Cynologique Internationale recognizes the Alpine Dachsbracke in Group 6 Scenthounds, Section 2 “Leash Hounds” with the Bavarian Mountain Scenthound (Bayrischer Gebirgsschweisshund, no. 217) and the Hanoverian Scenthound (Hannover'scher Schweisshund, no. 213). The only major kennel club in the English-speaking world to recognise the Alpine Dachsbracke is the United Kennel Club (US) in their Scenthound Group, but they use the Fédération Cynologique Internationale breed standard. The breed is also recognized by a number of minor registries, hunting clubs, and internet-based dog registry businesses.
# List of mayors of Luxembourg City

The Mayor of Luxembourg City (Luxembourgish:Buergermeeschter vun der Stad Lëtzebuerg; French:Bourgmestre de la Ville de Luxembourg) is the mayor of Luxembourg's capital and largest city, Luxembourg City. The officeholder, like other mayors in Luxembourg, is appointed by the Grand Duke amongst council members. Due to the city's importance within the country (being home to almost a sixth of its population), the position as Mayor of Luxembourg City is one of the highest and most prestigious positions in Luxembourgish government and politics.

## List of mayors of Luxembourg City

| Mayor | Term in office | Term in office | Party |
| Jean-Bernard Knepper | 1693 | 1698 | |
| Jean Jacques Faber | 1795 | 1795 | |
| Jean-Georges Pfortzheim | 1795 | 1795 | |
| François Hubert Abinet | 1795 | 1797 | |
| François Roeser | 1797 | 1797 | |
| François Hubert Abinet | 1797 | 1797 | |
| Hermann Urbain | 1797 | 1800 | |
| François Scheffer | 1800 | 1802 | |
| Jean-Baptiste Servais | 1803 | 1811 | |
| Charles Baron de Tornaco | 1811 | 1814 | |
| Bonaventure Dutreux-Boch | 1814 | 1816 | |
| François Scheffer | 1816 | 1817 | |
| Constantin Joseph Pescatore | 1817 | 1820 | |
| François Scheffer | 1820 | 1822 | |
| François Röser | 1822 | 1827 | |
| François Scheffer | 1827 | 1843 | |
| Fernand Pescatore | 1844 | 1848 | |
| Jean-Pierre David Heldenstein | 1848 | 1850 | |
| Gabriel de Marie | 17 July 1850 | 1854 | |
| Jean-Pierre David Heldenstein | 1855 | 1865 | |
| Théodore Eberhard | 1865 | 1869 | |
| Jean Mersch-Wittenauer | 1869 | 30 January 1873 | |
| Charles Simonis | 1873 | 1 November 1875 | |
| Emmanuel Servais | 17 December 1875 | 17 June 1890 | |
| Dominique Brasseur | 27 January 1891 | 24 February 1894 | |
| Émile Mousel | 24 February 1894 | 24 July 1904 | |
| Alphonse Munchen | 24 July 1904 | 14 February 1915 | Liberal League |
| Léandre Lacroix | 1915 | 1918 | Liberal League |
| Luc Housse | 1918 | 1920 | Social Democratic Party |
| Gaston Diderich | 1921 | 29 April 1946 | Liberal League (1921-1925) Radical Socialist Party (1925-1932) Radical Liberal Party (1932-1945) Patriotic and Democratic Group (1945-1946) |
| Émile Hamilius | 22 June 1946 | 31 December 1963 | Democratic Party |
| Paul Wilwertz | 1 January 1964 | 23 December 1969 | Luxembourg Socialist Workers' Party |
| Colette Flesch | 23 December 1969 | 1 December 1980 | Democratic Party |
| Camille Polfer | 1 December 1980 | 31 December 1981 | Democratic Party |
| Lydie Polfer | 1 January 1982 | 18 August 1999 | Democratic Party |
| Paul Helminger | 18 August 1999 | 24 November 2011 | Democratic Party |
| Xavier Bettel | 24 November 2011 | 4 December 2013 | Democratic Party |
| Lydie Polfer | 4 December 2013 | Incumbent | Democratic Party |
# Roman Catholic Diocese of Saint-Jérôme–Mont-Laurier

The Roman Catholic Diocese of Saint-Jérôme (Latin: Dioecesis Sancti Hieronymi Terraebonae) is a Latin rite suffragan of the Archdiocese of Montréal.
Its cathedral episcopal see is Cathédrale Saint-Jérôme, dedicated to Saint Jerome (Hieronumus), in Saint-Jérôme, Quebec.

## History

It was erected on 23 June 1951 as Diocese of Saint-Jérôme (Latin: Sancti Hieronymi Terræbonæ), on territories split off from (its Metropolitan) the Archdiocese of Montréal, the Archdiocese of Ottawa and the Diocese of Mont-Laurier.
On 1 June 2022, the Diocese of Saint-Jérôme and the Diocese of Mont-Laurier were united to become the Diocese of Saint-Jérôme–Mont-Laurier.

## Statistics

As per 2014, it pastorally served 446,000 Catholics (97.2% of 459,000 total) on 2,116 km$^2$ in 35 parishes, 67 priests (52 diocesan, 15 religious), 18 deacons, 118 lay religious (21 brothers, 97 sisters), 3 seminarians.

## Bishops
### Episcopal Ordinaries

(Roman Rite)

#### Suffragan Bishops of Saint-Jérôme

* Émilien Frenette (1951.07.05 – death 1971.06.11), died 1983
* Bernard Hubert (1971.06.25 – 1977.01.27)
* Charles-Omer Valois (1977.06.10 – retired 1997.01.22)
* Gilles Cazabon, Missionary Oblates of Mary Immaculate (O.M.I.) (1997.12.27 – retired 2008.07.03)
* Pierre Morissette (2008.07.03 – 2019.05.21) – incumbent Bishop Emeritus
* Raymond Poisson (2019.05.21 – Present)

### Coadjutor Bishops

* Raymond Poisson (2018.05.18 – 2019.05.21)

### Auxiliary Bishops

* Raymond Saint-Gelais (1980.07.05 – 1988.02.19), appointed Coadjutor Bishop of Nicolet, Québec
* Gilles Lussier (1988.12.23 – 1991.09.07), appointed Bishop of Joliette, Québec
* Vital Massé (1993.10.20 – 2001.09.08), appointed Bishop of Mont-Laurier, Québec
* Donald Lapointe (2002.10.26 – 2011.07.30)
* Raymond Poisson (2012.05.01 – 2015.09.08), appointed Bishop of Joliette, Québec (later returned here as Coadjutor)

### Other priests of this diocese who became bishops

* Paul-Émile Charbonneau, appointed Auxiliary Bishop of Ottawa, Ontario in 1960
* Luc Cyr, appointed Bishop of Valleyfield, Québec in 2001
# Deraz

Deraz (Persian: دراز, also Romanized as Derāz) is a village in Qorqori Rural District, Qorqori District, Hirmand County, Sistan and Baluchestan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 139, in 23 families.
# La Cassagne

La Cassagne (French pronunciation:; Occitan: La Cassanha) is a commune in the Dordogne department in Nouvelle-Aquitaine in southwestern France.
# William Francis Dennehy

William Francis Dennehy (1853–1918), was an Irish journalist, writer and editor. He edited the Irish Catholic newspaper since its founding in 1888 until 1917 shortly before he died in 1918. Dennehy, a close associate William Martin Murphy, helped organise the Irish International Exhibition in 1907 in Dublin. and compiled a record of it. During the split in the Irish Parliamentary Party, Dennehy took the Anti-Parnell view.
He became owner of The Irish Catholic, which upon his death in 1918 became a limited company.

## Publications

* The Story of the Union - as told by its plotters, by Dennehy, W.F., published by J.J. Lawlor, Dublin 1891.
* Irish International Exhibition 1907, Compiled and Edited by William F. Dennehy, Dublin, 1909