OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Chernava

In Russian folklore, Chernava (diminutive: Chernavushka; Russian: Чернава, Чернавушка) is Sea Tsar's daughter (or, according to some versions, a niece), spirit and personification of the river of the same name. She is a mermaid. Her head and upper body are human, while the lower body is a fish's tail. Chernava is famed from her appearance in the epic of Sadko.

## In Sadko

In the Sadko bylina, Chernava appears as one of the 900 mermaids offered to Sadko as a new bride, though to consummate the marriage would mean that Sadko would no longer be able to go to the human world. She is described as small, scrawny, and young girl who works as a servant in the palace. When Morskoy Tsar offered Sadko a new bride, Sadko took Chernava and lay down beside her. On their wedding night he did not touch her. When Sadko was asleep, Chernava had transformed into a river, helping him to get into the human world. Sadko woke up on the shore of the river Chernava and rejoined his first wife.

## In popular culture

Chernava Colles are named after her.
# Cvišlerji

Cvišlerji (pronounced; in older sources also Cvišljarji, German: Zwischlern, Gottscheerish: Zwishlarə) is a settlement east of Kočevje in southern Slovenia. The area is part of the traditional region of Lower Carniola and is now included in the Southeast Slovenia Statistical Region. The settlement consists of the hamlets of Spodnji Cvišlerji ('lower Cvišlerji'), mostly containing newer houses built after the Second World War, and Zgornji Cvišlerji ('upper Cvišlerji'), containing older houses.

## Name

Cvišlerji was recorded in the land registry of 1574 as Zwisslern. The Slovene name Cvišlerji is an adaptation of German Zwischlern, derived from Middle High German zwisele (= Germ. Zwiesel) 'forked tree', referring to a local landscape feature. Another theory claims that it is derived from the surname Zwischler. In addition to standard Slovene Cvišlerji, the local form Cvižlerji is also found.

## History

Cvišlerji was a Gottschee German village. In 1575 Charles II, Archduke of Austria issued a decree allowing the town of Kočevje to collect tolls at Cvišlerji because teamsters had been traveling through the village to avoid the town's bridge tax. Before the Second World War there were 42 houses in Cvišlerji, and the residents included nine Slovene families. In the summer of 1942 the village was attacked by Italian troops, who then burned the houses. After the war, the village was primarily settled by Slovenes from Prekmurje. A number of Roma families also live in the settlement today.

## Church

The local church was burned down during the Second World War in 1942 and demolished in 1947. It was dedicated to John the Baptist and was first mentioned in written documents dating to 1526, although it was probably a 15th-century building.
# A Guide to Conclusive Proofs for the Principles of Belief

A Guide to Conclusive Proofs for the Principles of Belief (Arabic: الإرشاد إلى قواطع الأدلة في أصول الاعتقاد, romanized: Al-Irshad ila Qawati' al-Adilla fi Usul al-I'tiqad), commonly known simply as Al-Irshad ("The Guide"), is a major classic of Islamic theology. Its author, Imam al-Haramayn al-Juwayni, was the leading theologian of his time. His writings in the field of theology, especially Al-Irshad, represent a high point of the development of theology in the then contemporary Islamic world.

## Content

It is intended to outline exactly what has been proven, what can be proven and how those things can be proven. He focuses much of his attention on God and the fundamental Islamic principle that God is the only and all-powerful creator. He explains that we are often caught up in a temporally contingent existence, lost in continuity but that we should realize God's ability to interrupt this continuity at any time. Al-Juwayni focuses a similar amount of attention on legal methodology and is particularly concerned with the methods for discerning difficult debates. He explains naskh "abrogation", for example, in great detail.
# Cundrovec

Cundrovec (pronounced, German: Zundrovetz) is a settlement north of Brežice in eastern Slovenia. The area is part of the traditional region of Styria. It is now included in the Lower Sava Statistical Region.
Aerial surveys have shown a large rectangular area enclosed by walls that indicates the presence of a Roman military camp in the area.
# Captain 1st rank

Captain 1st rank (Russian: капитан 1-го ранга, romanized: kapitan 1-go ranga, lit. 'captain of the 1st rank') is a rank used by the Russian Navy and a number of former communist states. The rank is the most senior rank in the staff officers' career group. The rank is equivalent to colonel in armies and air forces. Within NATO forces, the rank is rated as OF-5 and is equivalent to captain in English-speaking navies.

## Russia

The rank was introduced in Russia by Peter the Great in 1713. By decision of the so-called Military Navy Commission (ru: Воинская морскaя комиссия) in 1732 the sequence of Kapitan ranks was abolished. However, until 1752 the grade rank Kapitan 1st rank was corresponding to Fleet kapitan (ru: флота капитан). Finally, the Kapitan ranks were reintroduced September 5 (16), 1751. The Red Army introduced the Kapitan 1st rank rank in 1935, together with a number of other former Russian ranks, and it continues to be used in many ex-USSR countries, including Russia.
The first OF-5 equivalent rank in the Soviet Navy (from 1918 to 1935) was Ship komandir 1st rank, also Ship commander 1st rank, (ru: командир корабля 1-ого ранга; literal: commander of the ship 1st rank).
This particular rank was introduced by disposal of the Central Executive Committee of the Soviet Union and the Council of People's Commissars, from September 22, 1935.
The equivalent rank designation in the Soviet Navy for warship engineers was Kapitan 1st rank-engineer. Other non-seagoing naval personnel of OF-5 rank, such as in medical service, chemical defence, marines, and naval aviation, have the rank of Polkovnik.
In the navy of the Russian Federation there are three ranks in the staff officer (until 1917: stab-ofizer, derived from German Stabsoffizier) career group:
* Captain 1st rank
* Captain 2nd rank
* Captain 3rd rank

### Types of rank insignia Kapitan 1st rank and naval equivalents

| Rank | Imperial Russian Navy | Imperial Russian Navy | Imperial Russian Navy | Imperial Russian Navy | Imperial Russian Navy | Soviet Navy | Soviet Navy | Soviet Navy | Soviet Navy | Russian Navy | Russian Navy | Russian Navy | Russian Navy |
| insignia shoulder sleeve | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Kapitan 1st rank Polkovnik Kollezhski sekretar (1904–1917) | Kapitan 1st rank (1904–1917) | Commodore engineer mechanic (1896—1904) | Engineer mechanic 1st rang (1913—1917) | Polkovnik naval artillery (1913—1917) | Ship commander 1st rank (1918–1935) | Kapitan 1st rank (1935–1991) | ... service (1943–1955) | ... parade (1955-1991) | ... parade (1994–2010) | ... parade to white shirt (1994–2010) | ... everyday (1994–2010) | ... parade (since 2010) |

## Captain 1st rank insignia

* Kapiten Rangut I (Albanian Naval Force)
* Birinci dərəcəli kapitan (Azerbaijani Navy)
* Капитан I ранг Kapitan I rang (Bulgarian Navy)
* Бірінші дәрежелі капитан Birinşi därejeli kapïtan (Kazakh Naval Forces)
* Капитан 1-го ранга Kapitan 1-go ranga (Russian Navy)
* 1-nji derejeli kapitan (Turkmen Naval Forces)
* Капітан I рангу Kapitan I ranhu (Ukrainian Navy)
* I rang kapitani (Uzbek River Force)
# Maibal railway station

Maibal Railway Station (Urdu: میبل ریلوے اسٹیشن) is located in Pakistan.
# The Enchanted Sedan Chair

The Enchanted Sedan Chair (French: La Chaise à porteurs enchantée) is a 1905 French silent trick film by Georges Méliès. It was sold by Méliès's Star Film Company and is numbered 738–739 in its catalogues.

## Plot

Before a backdrop of a rugged landscape, a magician conjures up various outfits from an empty glass box, and, with the aid of an assistant transforms them into a couple in 18th-century dress. Summoning two flunkeys carrying a sedan chair, the magician performs an illusion in which the couple, under cover of a shawl and the chair itself, switch places. Leading on his assistant, he sets up what appears to be a three-person variation of the same trick. However, all three of the assistants suddenly transform into the magician and the flunkeys. The magician makes the original three assistants appear and disappear, along with the sedan chair itself, before the whole company dance on once more for a curtain call.

## Production

Méliès plays the magician in the film, which is probably based on "La Cage d'Or", an 1897 illusion he had created for his stage magic venue, the Théâtre Robert-Houdin.
The film's special effects include substitution splices and dissolves. Like most of Méliès's films, The Enchanted Sedan Chair was filmed in a glass-roofed studio in Montreuil-sous-Bois. The glass roof can be glimpsed near the beginning of the film, reflected in the lid of the glass cage.
# Panhellenic Federation of Cultural Associations of Vlachs

The Panhellenic Federation of Cultural Associations of Vlachs (Greek: Πανελλήνια Ομοσπονδία Πολιτιστικών Συλλόγων Βλάχων, romanized: Panellínia Énosi Politistikón Syllógon Vlachón Elládos) is an organization of Aromanians ("Vlachs") in Greece. The Aromanians are an ethnic group scattered over the Balkans living in many countries such as Albania, Bulgaria, North Macedonia, Romania and Serbia, as well as Greece, which has the largest concentration of them. The Aromanians of Greece are characterized by their disinterest in initiatives that aim to maintain the Aromanian culture and language outside the familiar environment and many have repeatedly expressed opposition to foreign organizations that have tried to help them achieve this.
The Panhellenic Federation of Cultural Associations of Vlachs is the largest Aromanian cultural organization in Greece and the world. As of 2001, the organization was made up of 65 minor Aromanian associations. This number had risen to 85 in 2004 and to 101 in 2009. Usually, other Aromanian organizations in Greece are not active, and none of the around 200 that exist in the country have a name in the Aromanian language. In fact, many of them do not even have the word "Vlach" in their names.
The Panhellenic Federation of Cultural Associations of Vlachs was founded in 1985 as a result of a meeting between several Aromanian associations one year earlier. Many of these associations were recent, as most of them appeared on the 1980s. The organization's original name was "Panhellenic Union of Cultural Associations of Vlachs", but it was changed to the current one in 2001. Having its headquarters at Larissa, the Panhellenic Federation of Cultural Associations of Vlachs organizes several activities and events. Among them are the publication of newspapers, articles and calendars, the promotion of Aromanian culture, dances, songs and traditions, the holding of cultural events and the annual organization of the "Panhellenic Meetings" between Aromanians, which last three days.
The Panhellenic Federation of Cultural Associations of Vlachs regards the Aromanians as part of the Greek ethnicity. In fact, as a response to Recommendation 1333 (1997) of the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe which encouraged the Balkan states to protect their Aromanian minorities, issued after having been persuaded to do so by the Union for Aromanian Language and Culture in Germany, it has repeatedly denied on various occasions the status of the Aromanians as an ethnic minority within Greece, stating that the "Vlach-speaking Greeks" are historically and culturally an "integral part of Hellenism".
As of 2009, the president of the organization was Kostas Adam and its vice-president was Yoanis Kokonis. As of 2022, the president was Michalis Mageirias, the first vice-president Batzotasios Ioannis and the second vice-president Georgios Dardakoulis.
# Denis St. George Daly

Denis St George Daly (5 September 1862 – 16 April 1942) was an Irish polo player in the 1900 Summer Olympics.

## Biography

Denis St George Daly was the son of the second Baron Dunsandle and Clanconal and Mary Broderick, but as his parents were unmarried at the time of his birth he could not inherit the title. From 1925 to 1934 he was Joint Master of the Heythrop Hunt. He was part of the Foxhunters Hurlingham polo team which won the gold medal.
He gained the rank of Major in the 18th Hussars. He held the office of Deputy Lieutenant for County Galway. He held the office of Justice of the Peace for Oxfordshire. He lived at Dunsandle, Atheny, County Galway, Ireland and at Over Norton Park, Chipping Norton, Oxfordshire, England.
# Ernst Hofer (cyclist)

Ernst Hofer (17 December 1902 – 1944) was a Swiss racing cyclist. He rode in the 1932 Tour de France. Hofer died in 1944.
# European Republicans Movement

The European Republicans Movement (Italian: Movimento Repubblicani Europei, MRE) is a minor social-liberal political party in Italy.
From 2007 to 2010 the party was a founding member and associate of the Democratic Party, the leading centre-left party in Italy. In 2011 the MRE was merged into the Italian Republican Party, the party from which it had seceded in 2001. The MRE was also a member of the pan-European European Liberal Democrat and Reform Party (ELDR), and its long-standing leader was Luciana Sbarbati.

## History

In 2001 the Italian Republican Party (PRI), after five years within the centre-left coalition, decided to join the centre-right House of Freedoms instead. The MRE was formed by those Republicans who refused such a decision and wanted to remain in the centre-left. The MRE took part in the consolidation of The Olive Tree as a joint centre-left electoral list both for the 2004 European Parliament election and the 2006 general election, along with the Democrats of the Left and Democracy is Freedom – The Daisy. The list won 220 out of 630 deputies (including two Republicans, Luciana Sbarbati and Adriano Musi) as part of The Union.
In 2007 the MRE was a founding member of the Democratic Party (PD), but continued to exist as an associate party and retained almost entirely its autonomy. In the 2008 general election, Sbarbati and Musi were elected to the Senate and often distinguished themselves from Democrats in key votes. Notably, they opposed European Parliament electoral law reform in 2009.
The common battle against electoral reform favored a reconciliation with the PRI. During the 2009 congress of the MRE the two parties signed a joint declaration, under which - despite their different coalition allegiances - they pledged to join forces on key issues, especially those concerning civil liberties and freedom of research.
In April 2010, Sbarbati led the MRE out of the PD and joined the Union of the Centre (UdC) in the Senate. In January 2011 the party sought a reconciliation with the PRI, which was reached two months later.
Following the decision of the PRI to join the centre-right coalition in the 2020 regional elections, the MRE split away from it again and regained its autonomy. The two parties ran in separate coalitions during the 2022 elections: the MRE joined the Democratic Party - Democratic and Progressive Italy list, while the PRI joined the Action - Italia Viva list.

## Leadership

* Secretary: Luciana Sbarbati (2001–2011, 2020–present)
* President: Adriano Musi (2001–2010); Niccolò Rinaldi (2020–present)

## Election results
### European Parliament

| Election | Leader | Votes | % | Seats | +/– | EP Group |
| 2024 | Luciana Sbarbati | Into Action | Into Action | 0 / 76 | New | – |
# Philippe Cammaerts

Philippe Cammaerts (born 14 May 1894, date of death unknown) was a Belgian sports shooter. He competed in three events at the 1920 Summer Olympics.
# Philipp Ludwig, Count Palatine of Neuburg

Philipp Ludwig of Neuburg (2 October 1547 – 22 August 1614) was Count Palatine of Neuburg from 1569 until 1614.

## Life

Philipp Ludwig was born in Zweibrücken in 1547 as the eldest son of Wolfgang, Count Palatine of Zweibrücken. After his father's death in 1569, his lands were partitioned between Philipp Ludwig and his four brothers - Philipp Ludwig received the Duchy of Neuburg. He married Anna (1552–1632), daughter of Duke Wilhelm IV "the Rich" of Jülich-Cleves-Berg, in 1574 and used the marriage as the basis of his claim to inherit the duchies in the succession controversy against the Elector of Brandenburg after William IV's only son, John William, died without heirs. In 1613 Philip Louis's eldest son, Wolfgang Wilhelm, converted to Catholicism and gained the support of Spain and the Catholic League, while Brandenburg received the support of the Netherlands.
The conversion of his son and heir was very difficult for the staunchly Lutheran Philipp Ludwig. He died in Neuburg in 1614 and was buried in Lauingen, succeeded by his son Wolfgang Wilhelm as Count Palatine of Neuburg. By the Treaty of Xanten in 1614 the duchies were partitioned following the War of the Jülich Succession, with Wolfgang Wilhelm receiving the Duchies of Jülich and Berg.

## Family

Philipp Ludwig married Anna of Cleves (1 March 1552 – 6 October 1632), daughter of Wilhelm, Duke of Jülich-Cleves-Berg on 27 September 1574 and had the following children:
* Countess Palatine Anna Maria of Neuburg (18 August 1575 – 11 February 1643), married on September 9, 1591 to Friedrich Wilhelm I, Duke of Saxe-Weimar.
* Dorothea Sabine (13 October 1576 – 12 December 1598). Her burial gown is one of the few complete women's garments from the sixteenth century to have survived and is preserved in the Bayerisches National Museum in Munich.
* Wolfgang Wilhelm, Count Palatine of Neuburg (25 October 1578 – 20 March 1653)
* Otto Henry (28 October 1580 – 2 March 1581)
* Augustus, Count Palatine of Sulzbach (2 October 1582 – 14 August 1632)
* Amalia Hedwig (24 December 1584 – 15 August 1607)
* Johann Friedrich, Count Palatine of Sulzbach-Hilpoltstein (23 August 1587 – 19 October 1644)
* Sophie Barbara (3 April 1590 – 21 December 1591)

## Ancestors

Ancestors of Philipp Ludwig, Count Palatine of Neuburg :
# Sharanga (urban-type settlement)

Sharanga (Russian: Шара́нга) is an urban locality (an urban-type settlement) in Sharangsky District of Nizhny Novgorod Oblast, Russia. Population: 6,557 (2010 Census); 6,381 (2002 Census); 6,053 (1989 Soviet census).
# Jarzang

Jarzang (Persian: جرزنگ; also known as Garzalīk and Gazarrīk) is a village in Dodangeh Rural District, Hurand District, Ahar County, East Azerbaijan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 40, in 10 families.
# Liverpool Land

Liverpool Land is a peninsula in eastern Greenland.

## Geography

The peninsula is bounded by Scoresby Sund in the south, Carlsberg Fjord in the northwest, Kangerterajiva (Hurry Inlet) in the southwest, the Greenland Sea in the east, and Jameson Land in the west. It was named by William Scoresby, who thought that Hurry Inlet had a confluence with Carlsberg Fjord, separating Liverpool Land from Jameson Land. The fjord-rich peninsula is 125 km (78 mi) long from Kap Greville in the north to Uunarteq (Danish: Kap Tobin) in the south, up to 40 km (25 mi) wide, and measures about 3,000 km$^2$ (1,200 sq mi) in area. It is connected to Jameson Land over a length of 35 km (22 mi).
A large part of Liverpool Land is mountainous, the Didrik Pining Range and the Heywood Range are located in the peninsula. Warming Island is located approximately 700 m (2,300 ft) off the northeastern tip of Liverpool Land. Storefjord indents the peninsula from the east about 25 km (16 mi), almost cutting it into two.
The southern coast of Liverpool Land is the location of the town of Ittoqqortoormiit and of the abandoned settlements of Itterajivit, and Uunarteq at the southernmost tip of Liverpool Land.

## Transport

Access to the region is gained through the Nerlerit Inaat Airport, with scheduled services to Reykjavík in Iceland and Kulusuk in southeastern Greenland, operated by Icelandair.
# Asia Atlantic Airlines

Asia Atlantic Airlines (Thai: เอเชีย แอตแลนติก แอร์ไลน์ส) was a charter airline headquartered in Bangkok, Thailand. It was a subsidiary of the Japanese travel agency H.I.S.
It was recently relaunched and rebranded as Air Thailand.

## History

Asia Atlantic Airlines (AAA) launched initiated operations on maiden flight departed Suvarnabhumi Airport for Narita International Airport on August 19, 2013.
The airline was a joint venture between Japanese travel agent H.I.S and Thai hotelier Baiyoke Group.
Asia Atlantic Airlines operated out of two hubs: Bangkok Suvarnabhumi and Tokyo Narita International Airport. The fleet consisted of two B767-300ERs with two configurations – the first one (HS-AAC) had 252 seats, including 12 business and 240 economy class; and the second one (HS-AAB) consisted of 261 seats, with 18 business and 243 economy class seats.

## Corporate affairs

The airline head office was on the 11th floor of the Times Square Building in Khlong Toei District, Bangkok.

## Destinations

Asia Atlantic Airlines served or planned to serve the following destinations:
| Country | City | Airport | Notes |
| China | Shenyang | Shenyang Taoxian International Airport | Terminated |
| Japan | Aomori | Aomori Airport | Terminated |
| Japan | Fukushima | Fukushima Airport | Terminated |
| Japan | Hiroshima | Hiroshima Airport | Terminated |
| Japan | Nagoya | Chubu Centrair International Airport | Terminated |
| Japan | Osaka | Kansai International Airport | Terminated |
| Japan | Sapporo | New Chitose Airport | Terminated |
| Japan | Tokyo | Narita International Airport | Terminated |
| Singapore | Singapore | Changi Airport | Terminated |
| Thailand | Bangkok | Suvarnabhumi Airport | Hub |
| Thailand | Phuket | Phuket International Airport | Terminated |

## Fleet

The Asia Atlantic Airlines fleet consisted of the following aircraft (as of August 2016):
# Ernst Leutert

Ernst Leutert (1898 – 1966) was a Swiss cyclist. He competed in the team pursuit at the 1924 Summer Olympics.