OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Novaya Vasilyevka

Novaya Vasilyevka (Russian: Новая Васильевка) is a rural locality (a village) in Ayuchevsky Selsoviet, Sterlitamaksky District, Bashkortostan, Russia. The population was 246 as of 2010. There are 3 streets.

## Geography

Novaya Vasilyevka is located 23 km south of Sterlitamak (the district's administrative centre) by road. Novonikolayevsky is the nearest rural locality.
# Ban Din Lan railway station

Ban Din Lan station (Thai: สถานีบ้านดินลาน) is a railway station located in Tha Chang Subdistrict, Bang Klam District, Songkhla, Thailand. It is a class 3 railway station located 921.847 km (572.8 mi) from Thon Buri Railway Station

## Services

* Local No. 445/446 Chumphon-Hat Yai Junction-Chumphon
* Local No. 447/448 Surat Thani-Sungai Kolok-Surat Thani
* Local No. 451/452 Nakhon Si Thammarat-Sungai Kolok-Nakhon Si Thammarat
* Local No. 455/456 Nakhon Si Thammarat-Yala-Nakhon Si Thammarat
* Local No. 463/464 Phatthalung-Sungai Kolok-Phatthalung
# Enchelidiidae

Enchelidiidae is a family of nematodes belonging to the order Enoplida.

## Genera

The following genera are recognised in the family Enchelidiidae:
* Abelbolla Huang & Zhang, 2004
* Aronema Fadeeva & Belogurov, 1988
* Bathyeurystomina Lambshead & Platt, 1979
* Belbolla (Cobb, 1920) Andrássy, 1973
* Bernardius da Fonsêca-Genevois, Smol, Decraemer & Venekey, 2009
* Calyptronema Marion, 1870
* Ditlevsenella Filipjev, 1927
* Eurystomina Filipjev, 1921
* Illium Cobb, 1920
* Ledovitia Filipjev, 1927
* Lyranema Timm, 1961
* Megeurystomina Luc & De Coninck, 1959
* Pareurystomina Micoletzky, 1930
* Polygastrophoides Sun & Huang, 2016
* Polygastrophora de Man, 1922
* Symplocostoma Bastian, 1865
* Symplocostomella Micoletzky, 1930
* Thoonchus Cobb, 1920
# Papalotla

Papalotla is a municipality in the State of Mexico in Mexico. The municipality covers an area of 3.59 km$^2$ (1 sq mi).
In 2005, the municipality had a total population of 3766.
# International organization leaders by year

"none" is preferred when the title is sufficiently descriptive; see [[WP:SDNONE]] This is a list of international organization leaders in any given year.

## Twenty-first century

    2017 - 2016 - 2015 - 2014 - 2013 - 2012 - 2011 - 2010 - 2009 - 2008 - 2007 - 2006 - 2005 - 2004 - 2003 - 2002 - 2001
# Chilean Sign Language

Chilean Sign Language (Spanish: Lengua de señas chilena, LSCh) is the sign language of Chile's seven deaf institutions. It is used by people all over Chile and is the primary language used by the deaf community, being used for television interpretations. There is variation within the language depending on factors such as geographical location, age, and educational background.

## Geographic Distributions

Mainly spoken all across Chile

### Regions

* Santiago
* Iquique
* Puerto Montt
* Punta Arenas

### Estimated Population Use

In 2004, it had been estimated that about 292,700 people (1.8%) of the Chilean population had some type of auditory deficiency. About half of the people with auditory deficiency are over the age of 65. This leaves the estimated number of users who actually use LSCh at only about 21,000 people.

## Recognition and Status

There have been many movements to get the Chilean government to try to get LSCh (Chilean sign language) regulated within the country. Schools and churches are trying to create more programs to try to encourage deaf leadership training and empowering deaf people to make decisions for their own communities. It was recognized in 2009.

### Government Services and Laws

There are no government services specifically for sign language and deaf people. Fondo Nacional de la Discapacidad (FONADIS) is the government department responsible for the providing services. There are also no laws to prevent discrimination while applying for jobs, although there is a branch created to look for jobs for deaf people.

### Education

There are about 20 schools spread across Chile geared towards deaf students. There is not one system of doing it with different towns doing it differently. For example, in the country's capital, Santiago, students are only identified as speech only or sign only and learn in different environments. Students with implants are identified as speech only. There are 4 universities developed for deaf students based on standardized test scores. Studies show that out of 17 people, about 10 were taught LSCh through school while the other 7 were either taught by a family member or out of school environments.

### Dictionaries

LSCh has a couple of standard Spanish-to-LSCh dictionaries, such as the Diccionario Bilingüe Lengua de Señas Chilena-Español. In 2008, 30 representatives from all across Chile came together to create a standard dictionary.

## Fingerspelling

The manual alphabet of LSCh includes the 27 Spanish alphabet letters, and, as in many sign languages, is used to spell names and words that do not have standard signs. Fingerspelling is defined as a visual form that reflects the graphemes that make up words, providing a means by which to gain access to the segmental information of words. It has been integrated into the deaf community for a variety reasons which include "when a concept lacks a specific sign, for proper nouns, for loan signs, or when signs are ambiguous."
# Georgios Vamkaitis

Giorgios Vamkaitis was a Greek marathoner who competed in the 1904 Olympic Games in St. Louis, USA. He did not complete the 1904 Olympic marathon, one that was marked by bizarre results.
# Jacques Salze

Jacques Salze (born April 20, 1987) is a retired French professional footballer. He most recently played in Ligue 2 for US Quevilly, having played most of his career with Clermont in that division. After retirement at the end of the 2017–18 season, he trained as a referee with Clermont.
# Gennady Kuzmin

Gennady Pavlovich Kuzmin (Russian: Геннадий Павлович Кузьмин, Ukrainian: Геннадій Павлович Кузьмін, romanized: Hennadiy Pavlovych Kuzmin; January 19, 1946 – February 28, 2020) was a Ukrainian chess player and trainer. He reached his peak strength in the early to mid-1970s and in 1973, was awarded the title of International Grandmaster by FIDE, the governing body.

## Career

Kuzmin competed in the Soviet Chess Championship eleven times between 1965 and 1991. His best results occurred in 1972 in Baku (3rd= behind Mikhail Tal and Vladimir Tukmakov) and 1973 in Moscow (2nd= behind Boris Spassky). The Baku final was also a qualifier for the 1973 Leningrad Interzonal, in which he placed seventh of eighteen players.
He was invited to compete at the Biel Interzonal in 1976, but ex-World Champion Vassily Smyslov played in his place. Kuzmin later expressed disquiet regarding that. A second Interzonal appearance occurred at Riga 1979, when he again finished in the top half of the table.
In other competition, he achieved outright or shared first place at Hastings 1973/74 (with László Szabó, Tal and Jan Timman), Baku 1977, Tallinn 1979, Kladovo 1980, Dortmund 1981 (with Jon Speelman and Ľubomír Ftáčnik) and Bangalore 1981. Other notable results included Lvov 1978 (third equal after Yuri Balashov and Rafael Vaganian) and Tallinn 1985 (second after Sergey Dolmatov). In 1990, he was the Moscow Blitz Champion.
He had three times been the Ukraine national champion in a period spanning thirty years; 1969 at Ivano-Frankivsk (shared with Vladimir Savon), 1989 at Kherson (shared with Igor Novikov) and 1999, when the title was shared several ways at Alushta.
In team chess, representing the USSR, he was awarded a team gold and individual bronze medal at the 21st Chess Olympiad, held 1974 in Nice, with a performance of +10 =5 -0, despite being selected only as a reserve.
Gennady Kuzmin was a chess trainer in Ukraine and along with Yuri Kruppa, had helped rising star Kateryna Lahno become the world's youngest Woman Grandmaster. He was also a trainer to Ruslan Ponomariov when he became the youngest (FIDE) world champion in history, at 18 years and 104 days. He ran a chess school on the official website of the Ukraine Chess Federation, where players are invited to join group and individual study sessions.
Kuzmin died on 28 February 2020.

## Notable games

* Kuzmin - Sveshnikov, Moscow Ch. 1973, Sicilian Kan, 1-0 Echoes of the famous Lasker - Bauer double bishop sacrifice, performed against a strong grandmaster, with a deadly outcome.
* Kuzmin - Alburt, USSR 1971, Benko Gambit, 1-0 White bravely crashes on with his kingside pawnstorm while his Queenside crumbles.
# Maredudd

Maredudd, also found in the form Meredydd and in other spellings, is a Welsh male given name. The English-language name Meredith derives from it. A pet form of the name was Bedo, which has also entered the English language in names such as Beddoe and Beddoes.
Below is a list of people who have borne the name.

## Maredudd

* Maredudd ab Ieuan ap Robert (died 1525), a landed gentleman
* Maredudd ab Owain (died c. 999), king of Deheubarth
* Maredudd ab Owain Glyndŵr (fl. late 14th – early 15th centuries), a participant in his father Owain Glyndŵr's revolt against English rule
* Maredudd ab Owain ab Edwin (died 1072), a prince of Deheubarth
* Maredudd ap Bleddyn (1047–1132), king of Powys
* Maredudd ap Cynan ab Owain Gwynedd (c. 1150 – 1212), a member of the royal house of Gwynedd
* Maredudd ap Gruffydd (1131–1155), prince of Deheubarth
* Maredudd ap Llywelyn ap Maredudd ap Cynan (died 1255), thought to have been lord of Meirionnydd
* Maredudd ap Rhobert (died 1244), lord of Cedewain
* Maredudd ap Rhys (fl. 1450 – 1485), a poet and priest
* Maredudd ap Rhys Gryg (died 1271), a prince of Deheubarth
* Maredudd ap Tewdws (died c. 797), king of Dyfed
* Maredudd ap Tudur (c. 1406), a soldier and nobleman of the family subsequently known as the Tudors

## Meredydd

* Meredydd Barker, a playwright
* Meredydd Evans (1919–2015), a singer and scholar of Welsh folk music; also a television producer and activist
* Meredydd Hughes, a police officer
# Mykhailo Melnyk

Mykhailo Spyrydonovych Melnyk (Ukrainian: Миха́йло Спиридо́нович Ме́льник; 14 March 1944 – 10 March 1979) was a Ukrainian historian, poet, human rights activist, dissident and member of the Ukrainian Helsinki Group. He was an author of a book about the history of Ukraine, which was confiscated by the KGB.
On November 8, 2006, he was posthumously awarded the Order For Courage 1st class by the order of President of Ukraine. On December 25, 2015, a street in Brovary was named after him.

## Biography

Mykhailo Melnyk was born in the peasant family. In 1967 he graduated from Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv and became a history teacher. Soon he began his postgraduate education in the Institute of History of Academy of Science of Ukrainian SSR, however in 1972 he was excluded from the institute for reading his poems near the monument to Taras Shevchenko in Kyiv at the anniversary of the reburial of Shevchenko's body in Ukraine. In 1973 he was fired from his teacher work and excluded from the Communist Party of the Soviet Union.
He lived in the village of Pohreby in Kyiv Oblast with his family. He worked as a guard there. He continued to take part in protests against repressions of Ukrainian writers and human rights activists. He often contacted press asking them to report human rights violations.
On July 14, 1978, while visiting Kyiv, he was detained and searched by the law enforcement. On October 24, 1978, government officials tried to charge him with an attempt to rob a store. KGB officers who held the investigation proposed him a help to find a job in his profession if he ceased all contacts with other human right activist Oksana Meshko.
On November 3, 1978, Mykhailo Melnyk became a member of Ukrainian Helsinki Group. On February 16, 1979, he sent letters to the newspapers "Radianska Ukrayina" and "Molod Ukrayiny" asking to intervene in the case of human rights activist Vasyl Ovsiyenko. On March 6 and 7, 1979 law enforcement performed searches at the houses of many Ukrainian human rights activists and writers under the investigation against human rights activist and writer Oles Berdnyk, including the search in the house of Mykhailo Melnyk. All his scientific and art works, which consisted of 15 folders, were confiscated.

## Suicide

On March 10, 1979, several days after the search, Mykhailo Melnyk wrote a farewell letter to his wife and committed suicide to save his family from further persecutions. Mykhailo Melnyk was buried on March 11 in the cemetery in Pohreby. The funeral took part under the supervision of KGB officers. His friends Pavlo Stokotelny and Oksana Meshko, who wanted to attend the funeral, were detained by KGB on the way to it. Stokotelny was questioned about the case of Oles Berdnyk and Meshko was just held in the KGB office with no reason.
The KGB continued to put pressure on the family of Melnyk, warning his widow to keep away from "unreliable" people.
# Limnaecia recidiva

Limnaecia recidiva is a moth in the family Cosmopterigidae. It is found in South Africa.
# Silver Peak Range

The Silver Peak Range is a mountain range in southwest Esmeralda County, Nevada, United States.

## Geography

The range forms the east and southeast side of Fish Lake Valley. The towering White Mountains lie across the valley to the west and southwest. The Palmetto Mountains are to the south.
Piper Peak, Red Mountain, and Emigrant Peak are in the range.
# Limnaecia asterodes

Limnaecia asterodes is a moth in the family Cosmopterigidae. It is found in India.
# Castilian nationalism

Castilian nationalism or "Castilianism" (Spanish: castellanismo) is a fringe political movement that advocates for the national recognition of Castile, and in some cases, its independence from Spain.

## History

The 19th century saw the development of what historian Celso Almuiña [es] terms as a Castilian "regio-nationalism", fostered by a sense of grievance against Catalonia among the Conservative milieus (supportive of the protectionist interests of the flour-making Bourgeoisie) who pitted themselves against central power in the wake of the 1843 free trading policies brought forward by Espartero.
During the Second Republic, Castilian nationalist postulates were fringe, adopting a merely "mimetic and defensive" role that tended to fade towards otherwise strongly anti-Catalanist regionalist stances, just as it had been previously the case with the messages of Burgos (1918) and Segovia (1919).
A new sovereignist and internationalist leftist iteration of Castilianism, characterised by the most radical rejection of the identification of 'Castile' with 'Spain' (referred to as Spanish State among its followers), emerged after the creation of Castilian Popular Unity (UPC) in 1983, and, most notably, Castilian Left (IzCa) in 2000.
# Eric Zolov

Eric Zolov is an American historian, author and academic. He is Professor of History at Stony Brook University where he was the Director of Latin American & Caribbean Studies (2016–19), and as of 2024 he is Director of Undergraduate Studies as of (2020–present). Previously, he taught at Franklin & Marshall College (1998–2011). Zolov is known for his work on the interplay between culture, politics, and international relations in twentieth-century Latin America, particularly during the Cold War era. His first monograph Refried Elvis: The Rise of the Mexican Counterculture was published in 1999 to positive critical acclaim, and was translated and published in Spanish by Norma Editorial. His book The Last Good Neighbor: Mexico in the Global Sixties (2020, Duke University Press) won the 2021 María Elena Martínez Prize in Mexican History by the Conference on Latin American History (CLAH-AHA). Zolov has been a member of the American Historical Association since 2001.

## Biography

Zolov graduated with a B.A. in history from Colby College in 1987. He studied at the University of Chicago where he graduated with a dual M.A. in International Relations and Latin American studies in 1990, and a PhD in Latin American History in 1995.
In an interview with Perspectives on History, a magazine published by the American Historical Association, Zolov said that he had never been interested in history or good at memorizing places, names or events, and that having Jack D. Foner teach him a social history course in college ignited his interest in the field. He said he was "hooked by the idea that history offered so much more than knowing “the right answer.""
In 2021, Zolov's book The Last Good Neighbor: Mexico in the Global Sixties won the María Elena Martínez Prize in Mexican History as the best published book on the history of Mexico published in 2020.
In 2022 Zolov and his wife Terri Gordon-Zolov published The Walls of Santiago: Social Revolution and Political Aesthetics in Contemporary Chile (Berghahn Books, 2022). Zolov and Gordon-Zolov embarked on the project of documenting the Estallido Social in Santiago through photographs, interviews, and research while living in Chile on a Fulbright Fellowship. Initially focusing on graffiti and political graphics, their project expanded to include various forms of public art and performances, culminating in a multi-modal approach including a monograph, an exhibit, an interactive map, and a website. They view their work as a form of scholarship-activism, aiming to translate the significance of the uprising and its artistic expressions to broader audiences, contributing to a larger archival consciousness and historical understanding of the events of 2019–20.
# National Institute of Statistics and Census of Panama

The National Statistics and Census Institute (Spanish: Instituto Nacional de Estadística y Censo, INEC) is the Panamanian government agency responsible for the collection and processing of statistical data, such as census data.
# Ecuador Department

Ecuador Department was one of the departments of Gran Colombia created in 1824.
It had borders to:
* Azuay Department in the South.
* Guayaquil Department in the West.

## Subdivisions

3 provincias and 15 cantones:
* Pichincha Province. Capital: Quito. Cantones: Quito, Machachi, Latacunga, Quijos y Esmeraldas.
* Imbabura Province. Capital: Ibarra. Cantones: Ibarra, Otavalo, Cotacachi y Cayambe.
* Chimborazo Province. Capital: Riobamba. Cantones: Riobamba, Ambato, Guano, Guaranda, Alausí y Macas.
0°13′S 78°31′W﻿ / ﻿0.217°S 78.517°W﻿ / -0.217; -78.517
# Strogino District

Strogino (Russian: Строгино), formerly known as Ostrogino (Острогино), is a district in North-Western Administrative Okrug of Moscow, Russia, located on the right bank of the Moskva River about 12 km west-northwest of central Moscow. An eponymous Moscow Metro station Strogino on the Arbatsko-Pokrovskaya Line was opened here on January 7, 2008. The Moscow Ring Road runs down the western border, and the Moskva River borders the district on the north and east. The area of the district is 18.643 square kilometres (7.198 sq mi). Population: 152,500 (2017 est.)

## History

The district is named after an extinct village and known to have existed since the early 17th century as an estate of the Romanovs and later the Naryshkin family. Strogino was engulfed by Moscow in 1960 and became a popular summertime venue thanks to its beaches. In the 1970s, the construction of apartment buildings in the area was started, and a microdistrict was built. Stroginsky Boulevard (Строгинский бульвар) is the main artery of Strogino.
Soviet statesmen Mikhail Suslov and Konstantin Chernenko had a Gosdacha in the settlement Troitse-Lykovo (Троице-Лыково).

## Gallery

* Pristan' V Troitse - Lykovo, Strogino, Moscow, Russia
* Pristan' V Troitse - Lykovo, Strogino, Moscow, Russia
* Strogino Metro Station, Moscow, Russia
* Strogino Lake, Moscow, Russia
* Strogino Lake, Moscow, Russia
* Strogino, Moscow, Russia
* Khram Novomuchenikov I Ispovednikov Rossiyskikh V Strogino, Strogino, Moscow, Russia
# Avèze, Gard

Avèze (French pronunciation:; Occitan: Avesa) is a commune in the Gard department in southern France.
# Metropolitan Houseless Poor Act 1864

The Metropolitan Houseless Poor Act 1864 (27 & 28 Vict. c. 116) was a short-term piece of legislation that imposed a legal obligation on Poor Law unions in London to provide temporary accommodation for "destitute wayfarers, wanderers, and foundlings". The Metropolitan Board of Works was given limited authority to reimburse the unions for the cost of building the necessary casual wards, an arrangement that was made permanent the following year by the passage of the Metropolitan Houseless Poor Act 1865 (28 & 29 Vict. c. 34).
Most provincial Poor Law unions followed London's example, and by the 1870s, of the 643 then in existence, 572 had established casual wards for the reception of vagrants.
# Terjat

Terjat (French pronunciation:; Occitan: Terjac) is a commune in the Allier department in Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes in central France.
# Oka coherence theorem

In mathematics, the Oka coherence theorem, proved by Kiyoshi Oka (1950), states that the sheaf ${\mathcal {O}}_{\mathbb {C} ^{n}}$ of holomorphic functions on $\mathbb {C} ^{n}$ (and subsequently the sheaf ${\mathcal {O}}_{X}$ of holomorphic functions on a complex manifold $X$) is coherent.
# Swimming at the 2011 Pan American Games – Women's 200 metre butterfly

The women's 200 metre butterfly competition of the swimming events at the 2011 Pan American Games took place on October 19 at the Scotiabank Aquatics Center in the municipality of Zapopan, near Guadalajara, Mexico. The defending Pan American Games champion was Kathleen Hersey of the United States.
This race consisted of four lengths of the pool all in the butterfly stroke.

## Records

Prior to this competition, the existing world and Pan American Games records were as follows:
| World record | Zige Liu (CHN) | 2:01.81 | Jinan, China | October 21, 2009 |
| Pan American Games record | Kathleen Hersey (USA) | 2:07.64 | Rio de Janeiro, Brazil | July 21, 2007 |

## Qualification

Each National Olympic Committee (NOC) was able to enter up to two entrants providing they had met the A standard (2:19.9) in the qualifying period (January 1, 2010 to September 4, 2011). NOCs were also permitted to enter one athlete providing they had met the B standard (2:24.1) in the same qualifying period.

## Results

All times are in minutes and seconds.
| KEY: | q | Fastest non-qualifiers | Q | Qualified | GR | Games record | NR | National record | PB | Personal best | SB | Seasonal best |

### Heats

The first round was held on October 19.
| Rank | Heat | Lane | Name | Nationality | Time | Notes |
| 1 | 1 | 4 | Kim Vandenberg | United States | 2:12.04 | QA |
| 2 | 2 | 4 | Lyndsay de Paul | United States | 2:14.17 | QA |
| 3 | 2 | 5 | Rita Medrano | Mexico | 2:14.44 | QA |
| 4 | 1 | 5 | Joanna Maranhão | Brazil | 2:14.63 | QA |
| 5 | 2 | 3 | Brenna Maclean | Canada | 2:15.87 | QA |
| 6 | 1 | 2 | Eliana Barrios | Venezuela | 2:17.06 | QA |
| 7 | 1 | 6 | Prisciliana Escobar | Mexico | 2:18.36 | QA |
| 8 | 1 | 3 | Erin Miller | Canada | 2:18.37 | QA |
| 9 | 2 | 2 | Yumisleisy Morales | Cuba | 2:19.07 | QB |
| 10 | 2 | 6 | Daiene Dias | Brazil | 2:19.23 | QB |
| 11 | 1 | 7 | Amara Gibbs | Barbados | 2:30.26 | QB |
| 12 | 2 | 1 | Lara Butler | Cayman Islands | 2:35.44 | QB |
| | 2 | 7 | Oriele Espinoza | Peru | | DNS |

### B Final

The B final was also held on October 19.
| Rank | Lane | Name | Nationality | Time |
| 9 | 4 | Yumisleisy Morales | Cuba | 2:19.78 |
| 10 | 3 | Amara Gibbs | Barbados | 2:30.88 |
| 11 | 5 | Daiene Dias | Brazil | DNS |

### A Final

The A final was also held on October 19.
| Rank | Lane | Name | Nationality | Time |
| | 4 | Kim Vandenberg | United States | 2:10.54 |
| | 5 | Lyndsay de Paul | United States | 2:12.34 |
| | 3 | Rita Merdano | Mexico | 2:12.43 |
| 4 | 6 | Joanna Maranhão | Brazil | 2:13.00 |
| 5 | 8 | Erin Miller | Canada | 2:16.10 |
| 6 | 2 | Brenna Maclean | Canada | 2:16.13 |
| 7 | 7 | Eliana Barrios | Venezuela | 2:18.19 |
| 8 | 1 | Prisciliana Escobar | Mexico | 2:20.16 |
# Dorcadion cachinno

Dorcadion cachinno is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Thomson in 1868.
# Epicauta stuarti

Epicauta stuarti is a species of blister beetle in the family Meloidae. It is found in North America.
# Senouillac

Senouillac (French pronunciation:; Occitan: Senolhac) is a commune in the Tarn department in southern France.