OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Lucien-Victor Guirand de Scévola

Lucien-Victor Guirand de Scévola (14 November 1871 in Sète, France – 29 March 1950 in Paris) was a French painter. He is known for his pioneering leadership of the Camoufleurs (the French Camouflage Department) in World War I.

## Early life

De Scévola was a student of Fernand Cormon and Pierre Dupuis at the École des beaux-arts de Paris.

## Pastellist

De Scévola was a pastellist, remarkable for his silky, velvety and smooth style.
"Making his only aesthetic concern accuracy of the most naked kind" (E. Benézit), he left an extensive body of work including scenes of alcoves, landscapes, flowers and society portraits. However his Symbolist-inspired works are particularly esteemed. He exhibited at the Salon des artistes français.
De Scévola was a member of the Société des Pastellistes Français and the Comité de la Société des Beaux-Arts de Paris. He was made an Officer of the Légion d'honneur in 1914, by which time he was known as an elegant society portrait artist.

## Military camouflage

De Scévola is considered one of the inventors of military camouflage during World War I, together with Eugène Corbin and the painter Louis Guingot.
   In order to deform totally the aspect of an object, I had to employ the means that cubists use to represent it.
At the start of the war, in September 1914, De Scévola, serving as a second-class gunner, experimentally camouflaged a gun emplacement with a painted canvas screen. On 12 February 1915 General Joffre established the "Section de Camouflage" (English: Camouflage Department) at Amiens. By May 1915 the Section de Camouflage put up its first observation tree, an iron lookout post camouflaged with bark and other materials during the Battle of Artois. By the end of 1915, De Scévola became commander of the French Camouflage Corps, employing cubist artists such as André Mare, a specialist in camouflaging lookout posts. By 1917, De Scévola's team had grown to 3000, taking in artists including Jacques Villon, André Dunoyer de Segonzac, Charles Camoin, Louis Abel-Truchet and Charles Dufresne.

## Works

"SSNBA" indicates the work was exhibited at the Salon de la Société Nationale des Beaux-Arts.
* Road to Provence (exhibited at National Museum of Serbia)
* Le Château de Versailles (SSNBA 1920)
* Portrait du Marquis de Massa (SSNBA 1908)
* Portrait de Mlle W. (SSNBA 1909)
* Cour d'honneur (SSNBA 1909)
* Portrait de Mlle Tiane (SSNBA 1911)
* Portrait de M. Pierre Lafitte (SSNBA 1912)
* Aida Boni, de l'Opéra (SSNBA 1913)
* Portrait de Mme V. G. (SSNBA 1910)
* Mme Fournials
* M. Severin sur son lit de mort
* Portrait du général Fayolle

## Publications

* Guirand de Scévola, Lucien-Victor (December 1949). "Souvenir de Camouflage (1914-1918)". Revue des Deux Mondes (in French). Archived from the original on 2013-06-17. Retrieved 2012-08-18.

## Paintings

* Jeune Fille De Face, 1899 painting
* The King's Daughter
* The Princess
* Victoria Melita of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha and her daughter
# Palmse

Palmse is a village in Haljala Parish, Lääne-Viru County, in northern Estonia, on the territory of Lahemaa National Park.

## Palmse manor

Palmse estate (German: Palms) belonged to the convent of St. Michael in Tallinn in the Middle Ages and is referred to as a manorial estate in 1510. From 1676 until the Estonian declaration of independence in 1919 it belonged to the Baltic German von der Pahlen family. Construction of the present building started under the ownership of Gustav Christian von der Pahlen in 1697, by designs of architect Jacob Staël von Holstein. The house was burnt during the Great Northern War and restored in 1730 by Arend Dietrich von der Pahlen, who had studied architecture in the Netherlands. The house was given its present-day look during a renovation in 1782-1785, under the guidance of architect Johann Caspar Mohr, who designed a number of manor houses in Estonia as well as the present-day seat of Government of Estonia, the Stenbock House in Tallinn.
Apart from the stately manor house, there are also several preserved outhouses on the grounds, such as a distillery, greenhouse and barn, as well as a great park with typical romantic pavilions and a bath-house.
An extensive renovation scheme of the manor house ensemble was carried out in 1973-1986. The interiors of the main house have also been re-furnished with furniture typical for a manorial estate in the 19th century (although only one piece is actually originally from the estate).
Russian military officer and statesman Peter Ludwig von der Pahlen (1745–1826) was born in Palmse Manor.
The manor is today situated in the Lahemaa National Park.
# Constitutional Court of Colombia

The Constitutional Court of Colombia (Spanish: Corte Constitucional de Colombia) is the supreme constitutional court of Colombia. Part of the Judiciary, it is the final appellate court for matters involving interpretation of the Constitution with the power to determine the constitutionality of laws, acts, and statutes.
The court was first established by the Constitution of 1991, and its first session began in March 1992. The court is housed within the shared judicial complex of the Palace of Justice located on the north side of Bolívar Square in the La Candelaria neighbourhood of Bogotá.
The Constitutional Court consists of nine magistrates who are elected by the Senate of Colombia from ternary lists drawn up by the President, the Supreme Court of Justice, and the Council of State. The magistrates serve for a term of eight years. The court is headed by a President and Vice President.

## Composition
### Current justices

* José Fernando Reyes Cuartas (President)
* Jorge Enrique Ibañez Najar (Deputy President)
* Antonio José Lizarazo Ocampo
* Cristina Pardo Schlesinger
* Diana Constanza Fajardo Rivera
* Paola Andrea Meneses Mosquera
* Natalia Ángel Cabo
* Juan Carlos Cortés González
* Vladimir Fernández Andrade
# Immeya

Immeya was a king of Ebla, in modern Syria, reigning around 1750–1725 BCE.$^{:217–8}$

## Reign

Immeya was most likely buried in the so-called "Tomb of the Lord of the Goats", in the royal necropolis of the western palace at Ebla,$^{:301–4}$ as suggested by a silver cup found here, bearing an inscription in his name.$^{:217–8}$ Likewise the other grave goods in the tomb probably also belonged to Immeya. Comprising some objects in carved hippopotamus ivory,$^{:301–4}$ the remains of a throne decorated with bronze goat heads,$^{:338}$ and especially an ancient Egyptian ceremonial mace made of gold, silver and ivory, a gift from the 13th Dynasty pharaoh Hotepibre, who was a contemporary of Immeya.$^{:217–8}$$^{:301–4}$
Immeya also appears as the sender of a letter to a ruler, which was also found at Ebla.$^{:217–8}$ One of his successors—not necessarily the direct one—was a certain king Hammu[...], whose full name was probably Hammurabi.$^{:217–8}$
As with other rulers of the third kingdom of Ebla, Immeya's name is Amorite; furthermore, it seems that "Immeya" was a hypocorism.$^{:217–8}$

## Sources

* 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Matthiae, Paolo (2010). Ebla. La città del trono (in Italian). Einaudi. ISBN 978-88-06-20258-3.Matthiae (2010), pp. 217-18
* Asia portal
# George Douglas, 1st Earl of Angus

George Douglas, 1st Earl of Angus (1380–1403) was a Scottish nobleman and peer.

## Life

He was born at Tantallon Castle, East Lothian, Scotland. He was the natural-illegitimate son of William Douglas, 1st Earl of Douglas and Margaret Stewart, Dowager Countess of Mar & Countess of Angus and Lady Abernethy in her own right.
His father's wife Margaret had already produced an heir for her Lord in 1358, James, 2nd Earl of Douglas and Mar, who succeeded his father upon his death in 1384.
In 1389, Margaret of Angus relinquished her title in favour of her son, but George did not assume it until his betrothal in 1397 to Princess Mary Stewart, daughter of King Robert III of Scotland. The influence of George's mother must have been considerable - in addition to obtaining a royal bride for George, she persuaded King Robert III to confirm him in his style of Earl of Angus, and also to bestow upon him the lordships of Abernethy, (Perthshire) and Bonkill, (Berwickshire); and "to endow him and his spouse with the justiciary fees of the County of Forfar, to ratify all gifts, entails, and leases made or to be made by his half-sister, Isabel, Countess of Mar, to the said Jorge her brothir".
James 2nd Earl of Douglas, was killed without issue in 1388, at the Battle of Otterburn, and the Earldom of Mar, and all non-entailed Douglas possessions passed to his sister Isabel. The earldom of Douglas passed to a cousin, Archibald the Grim, a natural (illegitimate) son of the Good Sir James Douglas.
The descendants of Archibald the Grim formed the famed Black Douglas line, and those of George formed the longer lived Red Douglas line.
Angus does not appear to have taken much interest in Public life, although his name appears on various minor charters. However, in 1402, he was dispatched under orders of the Duke of Albany, Regent of Scotland, to accompany Murdoch, Earl of Fife and the Earl of Moray to assist Archibald Douglas, 4th Earl of Douglas during his invasion of Northumberland. That incursion ended at the disastrous field of Homildon Hill, where the Scots were routed and all of the above taken prisoner. Both Moray and Angus died of the Plague whilst captive.

## Issue

By his wife, Mary Stewart, a daughter of King Robert III, Angus had two children:
* William Douglas, 2nd Earl of Angus (1398–1437)
* Lady Elizabeth Douglas, married firstly to Sir Alexander Forbes, later 1st Lord Forbes; married secondly to Sir David Hay of Yester.
Mary was to marry a further four times and bear seven more children by three of these husbands. The issue by her second husband, Sir James Kennedy the Younger of Dunure, were the ancestors of the Marquesses of Ailsa; The product of her fourth marriage to William, 1st Lord Graham were the ancestors of the Viscounts of Dundee and the Dukes of Montrose.
# Chairachathirat

Chairachathirat (Thai: ไชยราชาธิราช, Jaiyarājādhirāja), or Chai$^{:37}$ reigned 1534–1546 as King of the Ayutthaya kingdom of Siam. His reign was remarkable for the influx of Portuguese traders, mercenaries, and early Modern warfare technology.

## Birth

The evidence regarding his father is not yet clear; the Royal Chronicle by the Venerable Vanarata of Pakaeo Temple and the Royal Chronicle (Rattanakosin edition) only state that King Chairachathirat is of the royal family of King Ramathibodi. The Pali text "Sangitiyavansa", authored in the reign of King Rama I by the Venerable Vanarata of Pho Temple, state that he is the nephew (son of the sister) of Ramathibodi.

## Coup

In 1533, following the death of King Borommaracha IV, Prince Ratsadathirat (Borommaracha IV's son) succeeded to the Ayutthayan throne. Governmental authority under five-year-old Ratsadathirat proved to be weak. In 1534, only five months after his nephew's ascension, Chairacha marched to Ayutthaya to stage a coup, killed his nephew, and took the throne of Ayutthaya.$^{:72}$

## King of Ayutthaya
### Burmese invasion of Muang Chiang Kran

In 1539, King Tabinshwehti attacked the Mon people inhabiting Chiang Kran, which was under Siamese rule. Chairachathirat "marched against Chiang Kran" with the aid of 120 Portuguese traders in Ayutthaya$^{:37}$ and drove the Burmese back. The Portuguese were then allowed to build a church near the Takhian Canal to practice their religion.$^{:12}$

### Sukhothai nobles

Chairacha appointed his brother Prince Thianracha (later Maha Chakkrapat) as the Uparaja but did not grant him the title of King of Sukhothai as Chairacha was trying to unite the two kingdoms by reducing the power of Sukhothai nobles. He also called the Sukhothai nobles to Ayutthaya to move them from their base at Pitsanulok and made Ayutthaya the sole center of authority.

## Mysterious death

Though not having a son by a queen, Chai did have one, Yodfa, from Lady Sudachan, his favorite Chao Chom. However, she had a secret lover, Worawongsathirat, an officer of the Guards. Returning from the north, Chai became ill and died, and suspicion fell on Lady Sudachan. Her eleven-year-old son, Yodfa, became king in 1546. Chai's half brother, Prince Thianracha, became regent but entered a monastery to escape the ensuing power struggle. Sudachan became pregnant by Worawongsathirat and Yodfa was soon murdered. Khun Worawongsa assumed power. Khun Piren, and other retired officers, then ambushed the king and queen, and placed Thianracha on the throne in 1549.$^{:38–39}$

## Ancestry

Ancestors of Chairachathirat :
# Rysayevo

Rysayevo (Russian: Рысаево; Bashkir: Рысай, Rısay) is a rural locality (a selo) in Ilchinsky Selsoviet, Uchalinsky District, Bashkortostan, Russia. The population was 563 as of 2010. There are 9 streets.

## Geography

Rysayevo is located 26 km north of Uchaly (the district's administrative centre) by road. Kalkanovo is the nearest rural locality.
# Tzippori

Tzippori (Hebrew: ציפורי) is a moshav in northern Israel, in the Lower Galilee. The moshav is within the jurisdiction of the Jezreel Valley Regional Council. The moshav was founded 3 km southeast of the ancient settlement of Sepphoris, after which it was named.

## History

The moshav was established in 1949 on the land once part of the ancient Roman city of Sepphoris, turned Arab town of Saffuriya (partially depopulated during the 1948 independence war).
The moshav was established with the assistance of the Jewish Agency for Israel and the Moshavim Movement.
In the early 2000s an additional neighborhood was added.

## Notable residents

* Boaz Ellis, fencer
* Amir Segal, poet
# Pipat Thonkanya

Pipat Thonkanya (Thai: พิพัฒน์ ต้นกันยา; RTGS: Phiphat Tonkanya) born 4 January 1979 as Anon Thonkanya , in Udon Thani), is a Thai former football player. He was a forward.
In 2009, he played for Persisam Samarinda in the Indonesian Super League. At the half way stage in the 2009 Thai Premier League season, he was joint second in the top goalscorers list with 7 goals. Pipat also had spells at AFC Champions League 2003 runners up BEC Tero Sasana and a spell in Vietnam. He was also instrumental in Buriram PEA winning the 2008 Thai Premier League.
He scored 14 goals for the national team, including 2 goals in the 2007 Asian Cup, and was recently recalled to the national team, thanks to his good performances for Thai Port.

## International career

Pipat was a member of the victorious T&T Cup 2008 winning squad. He scored two goals in the 2007 Asian Cup for the national team in a successful campaign where they were eliminated only on goal difference from a tough group containing Australia and eventual winners Iraq. Thonkanya's goals came in the form of a brace against Oman in a 2–0 win (scoring in the 70th and 78th minutes).

## International goals

| # | Date | Venue | Opponent | Score | Result | Competition |
| 1. | 25 February 2000 | Bangkok, Thailand | Estonia | 2–1 | Won | King's Cup 2000 |
| 2. | 25 February 2000 | Bangkok, Thailand | Estonia | 2–1 | Won | King's Cup 2000 |
| 3. | 27 February 2000 | Bangkok, Thailand | Finland | 5–1 | Won | King's Cup 2000 |
| 4. | 4 April 2000 | Bangkok, Thailand | North Korea | 5–3 | Won | 2000 AFC Asian Cup qualification |
| 5. | 28 December 2006 | Bangkok, Thailand | Kazakhstan | 2–2 | Draw | King's Cup 2006 |
| 6. | 30 December 2006 | Bangkok, Thailand | Vietnam | 3–1 | Won | King's Cup 2006 |
| 7. | 14 January 2007 | Bangkok, Thailand | Philippines | 4–0 | Won | 2007 ASEAN Football Championship |
| 8. | 24 January 2007 | Hanoi, Vietnam | Vietnam | 2–0 | Won | 2007 ASEAN Football Championship |
| 9. | 31 January 2007 | Singapore | Singapore | 1–2 | Lost | 2007 ASEAN Football Championship |
| 10. | 4 February 2007 | Bangkok, Thailand | Singapore | 1–1 | Draw | 2007 ASEAN Football Championship |
| 11. | 16 June 2007 | Bangkok, Thailand | China | 1–0 | Won | Friendly |
| 12. | 12 July 2007 | Bangkok, Thailand | Oman | 2–0 | Won | Asian Cup 2007 |
| 13. | 12 July 2007 | Bangkok, Thailand | Oman | 2–0 | Won | Asian Cup 2007 |

## Honours

International
* 2000 Tiger Cup with Winners
Clubs
* Thailand Premier League 2008
* T&T Cup: 2008
# Sundar Singh (soldier)

Subedar Major and Honorary Captain Sundar Singh, AC (14 February 1929 – 23 January 2017) was an Indian Army officer of 4 Jammu & Kashmir Rifles who was awarded India's highest peace time military decoration Ashoka Chakra. He became the first recipient of the award from Jammu & Kashmir.

## Early life

Sunder Singh was born on 14 February 1929 in Chauk Hadan Village of Poonch District, Jammu & Kashmir. His father was Kalyan Singh.

## Military career

He was enrolled in the Jammu & Kashmir Infantry in February 1947. He was posted to 4 JAK RIF and retired from his duties as Subedar Major and Honorary Captain. Singh after completion of his training, was posted as a soldier in Jammu & Kashmir State Force (after 1957 it became J&K Rifles). In 1952, he was made Acting Lance Naik by his Commanding Officer for his actions in rescuing his family members from Pakistan.

## Operation

On 18 March 1956 he was posted with Jammu & Kashmir Rifles at Hussainiwala near Ferozepore. On the night of 18/19 March J&K RIF's unit was attacked by elements of the Pakistani Army. His unit responded with a counterattack and chased them away from the right side of the dam. Other hostile elements then moved into positions at Bela, starting to fire towards the left side of the dam with light machine guns. This made it difficult for India to retain the dam and safeguard the troops there.
Sunder Singh's name was suggested to destroy the position, and on being ordered Sunder agreed immediately. Armed with six hand grenades and amidst hostile fire, he crawled one hundred and fifty meters to a rocky area. When he was near to the enemy position, he threw his first grenade which killed three enemies and silenced their guns. He did this three times which allowed Jammu & Kashmir Rifles to possess the right end of dam.

## Ashoka Chakra awardee

Sunder Singh showed great presence of mind, courage and total disregard of his safety of the highest order. Without him it had been not possible to achieve the target. For this bravery act he had received "Ashoka Chakra" in 1956.

## Death

Singh died on 23 January 2017 in his home village of Chauk Hadan. His death received no official acknowledgement.
# Suzanne Rochon-Burnett

Suzanne Rochon-Burnett, CM OOnt (March 10, 1935 – March 4, 2006) was a Canadian Métis businesswoman.

## Biography

Born in Sainte-Adèle, Quebec, she was the first aboriginal person in Canada to own and operate a private commercial radio station, Welland, Ontario's SPIRIT 91.7 (now CIXL-FM).
In 1965, she married Gordon W. Burnett. They had one child, Michèle-Élise.

## Lifetime achievements

Rochon-Burnett has been involved in several communication and social causes. She became an ambassador for French music from Quebec and France when Chanson à la française was broadcast on 21 stations in Ontario in the late 1970s after years of experience in the media all over the world. Songwriters were charmed by her unique style and elegance when she interviewed them in English.
She was among the first to support Native artists in Ontario, including David General, Vince Bomberry, Shirley Cheechoo and Carl Beam.
She established a special policy at TVOntario for Aboriginal programming and set up a Native scholarship at Brock University in St. Catharines.

## Awards and honours

In 2002, she was made a member of the Order of Canada. She was also awarded the Order of Ontario. In 2006, she was inducted into the Canadian Council for Aboriginal Business's Hall of Fame.
# Coronel Felipe Varela International Airport

Coronel Felipe Varela International Airport (Spanish: Aeropuerto Coronel Felipe Varela) (IATA: CTC, ICAO: SANC) is an airport in Catamarca Province, Argentina, serving the provincial capital city of San Fernando del Valle de Catamarca. It was built in 1972, and was officially inaugurated with an Aerolíneas Argentinas Boeing 737 flight on 3 January 1973. Construction of the terminal started on 9 June 1981 and ended on 23 April 1987. Since 1999, the airport has been operated by Aeropuertos Argentina 2000. In 2007, it handled 44,477 passengers.
The airport is named after Felipe Varela, a soldier born in Catamarca in 1821 who fought in the Paraguayan War and died in Ñantoco, Chile, in 1870.

## Airlines and destinations

| Airlines | Destinations |
| Aerolíneas Argentinas | Buenos Aires–Aeroparque, La Rioja |

## Statistics

Traffic by calendar year. Official ACI Statistics :
| | Passengers | Change from previous year | Aircraft operations | Change from previous year | Cargo (metric tons) | Change from previous year |
| 2005 | 48,629 | N.A. | 2,821 | N.A. | 244 | N.A. |
| 2006 | 43,897 | 9.73% | 2,057 | 27.08% | 130 | 46.72% |
| 2007 | 44,477 | 1.32% | 2,191 | 6.51% | 65 | 50.00% |
| 2008 | 36,469 | 18.00% | 1,959 | 10.59% | 76 | 16.92% |
| 2009 | 41,212 | 13.01% | 2,329 | 18.89% | 61 | 19.74% |
| 2010 | 31,428 | 23.74% | 1,039 | 55.39% | 51 | 16.39% |
| Source: Airports Council International. World Airport Traffic Statistics (Years 2006-2010) |||||||
# No Harm Is Done

"No Harm Is Done" is a song by French singer and songwriter Christine and the Queens featuring vocals from Tunji Ige. It was released as a digital download on 8 September 2015 as the lead single from the English edition of his debut studio album, Christine and the Queens (2015).

## Music video

A music video to accompany the release of "No Harm Is Done" was released onto YouTube on September 23, 2015, at a total length of three minutes and fifty-two seconds.

## Charts

| Chart (2015) | Peak position |
| France (SNEP) | 118 |
| US Billboard Twitter Emerging Artists (Billboard) | 10 |

## Release history

| Region | Date | Format | Label |
| Worldwide | 8 September 2015 | Digital download | Because Music |
# Grazac, Haute-Garonne

Grazac (French pronunciation:; Occitan: Grasac) is a commune in the Haute-Garonne department in southwestern France.

## Geography

The commune is bordered by four other communes: Auterive to the northeast, Caujac to the southeast, Esperce to the southwest, and finally by Mauressac to the northwest.

## Population

The population of the commune only had 87 people in 1962, then it was increased to 125 in 1968, 210 in 1982, 366 in 1990, 442 in 1999, and reached its current population of 691 people in 2019.
# Roberto Soundy

Roberto Soundy (4 March 1900 – 5 October 1990) was a Salvadoran sports shooter. He competed in the trap event at the 1968 Summer Olympics.
# Werner Müller (mathematician)

Werner Müller (born 7 September 1949) is a German mathematician. His research focuses on global analysis and automorphic forms.

## Biography

Werner Müller grew up in the German Democratic Republic (East Germany). He studied mathematics at the Humboldt University of Berlin in East Berlin. In 1977 he completed his PhD under the supervision of Herbert Kurke. In his thesis, Analytische Torsion Riemannscher Mannigfaltigkeiten, he solved, at the same time as but independently of Jeff Cheeger, the Ray–Singer conjecture on the equality between analytic torsion and Reidemeister torsion. Thereafter he moved to the Karl-Weierstraß-Institut für Mathematik of the Academy of Sciences of the GDR. After the reunion of Germany he spent some time at the Max Planck Institute for Mathematics in Bonn. Since 1994 he is Professor at the Mathematics Institute of the University of Bonn. He is the successor on the chair of Friedrich Hirzebruch. He has supervised 12 doctoral students, including Maryna Viazovska.
Together with Jeff Cheeger, he has been awarded the Max-Planck-Forschungspreis in 1991 . The Cheeger–Müller theorem on the analytic torsion of Riemannian manifolds is named after them.

## Important Papers

* Müller, Werner (1978). "Analytic torsion and $R$-torsion of Riemannian manifolds". Advances in Mathematics. 28 (3): 233–305. doi:10.1016/0001-8708(78)90116-0.
* Muller, Werner (1989). "The trace class conjecture in the theory of automorphic forms". Annals of Mathematics. Second Series. 130 (3): 473–529. doi:10.2307/1971453. JSTOR 1971453.
# Zdeněk Váňa

Zdeněk Váňa (born 7 February 1939) is a Czech sprinter. He competed in the men's 400 metres at the 1960 Summer Olympics.