OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Chief of Defence (Luxembourg)

The Chief of Defence (French: Chef d’État-major de l'Armée) is a position in the military of Luxembourg and head of the Luxembourg Army. The Chief of Defence is the professional head of the armed forces, and in charge of the day-to-day operation. The current Chief of Defence is Steve Thull.
He is formally subordinate to the Grand Duke, whom the Constitution names as the commander-in-chief, but answers to the Minister for Defence in the civilian government.

## List of Chiefs of Defence

| No. | Chief of Defence | Took office | Left office | Time in office |
| 1 | Mayer, MichelColonel Michel Mayer | 15 July 1967 | 9 October 1972 | 5 years, 86 days |
| 2 | Dauffenbach, PierreColonel Pierre Dauffenbach | 9 October 1972 | 4 February 1976 | 3 years, 118 days |
| 3 | Betz, JeanColonel Jean Betz | 4 February 1976 | 9 March 1980 | 4 years, 34 days |
| 4 | Welfring, FrançoisColonel François Welfring | 9 March 1980 | 13 May 1984 | 4 years, 65 days |
| 5 | Ley, NicolasColonel Nicolas Ley | 13 May 1984 | 21 February 1988 | 3 years, 284 days |
| 6 | Bruck, ArmandColonel Armand Bruck | 21 February 1988 | 4 November 1994 | 6 years, 256 days |
| 7 | Gretsch, MichelColonel Michel Gretsch | 4 November 1994 | 2 July 1998 | 3 years, 240 days |
| 8 | Lenz, GuyColonel Guy Lenz (born 1946) | 2 July 1998 | 28 January 2002 | 3 years, 210 days |
| 9 | Ries, NicoColonel Nico Ries (born 1953) | 28 January 2002 | 15 January 2008 | 5 years, 352 days |
| 10 | Reinig, GastonGeneral Gaston Reinig (born 1956) | 15 January 2008 | 1 February 2013 | 5 years, 17 days |
| 11 | Daubenfeld, MarioGeneral Mario Daubenfeld (born 1958) | 1 February 2013 | 1 December 2014 | 1 year, 303 days |
| 12 | Mancinelli, RomainGeneral Romain Mancinelli (born 1959) | 1 December 2014 | 29 September 2017 | 2 years, 302 days |
| 13 | Duschène, AlainGeneral Alain Duschène (born 1960) | 29 September 2017 | 29 September 2020 | 3 years, 0 days |
| 14 | Thull, SteveGeneral Steve Thull (born 1967) | 29 September 2020 | Incumbent | 4 years, 24 days |
Source: Army of Luxembourg Archived 2014-11-19 at the Wayback Machine

## Footnotes

* ↑ "Une monarchie constitutionnelle" (in French). Service Information et Presse. Archived from the original on 24 May 2011. Retrieved 26 November 2010.
* ↑ "Organigramme" (in French). Army of Luxembourg. Retrieved 26 November 2010.
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# Haftshuiyeh

Haftshuiyeh (Persian: هفت شوئيه, also Romanized as Haftshū’īyeh, Haft Shū’īyeh, Haftshūyeh, and Haft Shūyeh) is a village in Qahab-e Shomali Rural District, in the Central District of Isfahan County, Isfahan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 1,248, in 332 families.
# Baba Bozorg

Baba Bozorg (Persian: بابابزرگ, also Romanized as Bābā Bozorg and Bāba Buzurg; also known as Emāmzādeh Ebrāhīm and Emāmzādeh-ye Shāhzādeh Ebrāhīm) is a village in Itivand-e Jonubi Rural District, Kakavand District, Delfan County, Lorestan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 117, in 27 families.
# Galu Kondeh

Galu Kondeh (Persian: گلوكنده, also Romanized as Galū Kondeh) is a village in Garmsar Rural District, Jebalbarez-e Jonubi District, Anbarabad County, Kerman Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 51, in 12 families.
# Ja'far Mojtahedi

Ja’far Mojtahedi (Persian : جعفر مجتهدی) was born on January 25, 1925, in Tabriz, and was an Iranian mystic. He died in Mashhad on January 26, 1996. Until 2015 at least eight books have written about him.

## Early life

His family was wealthy and religious. Ja’far, while he was a child showed an interest in divine love and devotion towards the Ahl-al-bayt. His father died when Ja’far was a child, so he was well-trained under the care of his mother, a learned woman. Also, he tended to alchemy in his youth and spent some wealth that he received from his father on this science.

## Books about him

* Dar Mahzare Lahoutian (Persian: در محضر لاهوتیان)
* Laleh-i Az Malakout (Persan : لاله ای از ملکوت)
* Dore Donya Dar 71 Sal (Persian : دور دنیا در 71 سال) (Around the world in 71 years)
# USS Mastic

USS Mastic (AN-46/YN-65) was an Ailanthus-class net laying ship which served with the U.S. Navy in the South Pacific Ocean theatre of operations during World War II. Her career was without major incident, and she returned home safely after the war.

## Constructed in Everett, Washington

Mastic (AN 46), originally named Ginkgo (YN 65), was renamed Mastic 17 April 1943; laid down as YN-65 by Everett-Pacific Shipbuilding & Dry Dock Company, Everett, Washington, 27 November 1943; reclassified AN-46 on 20 January 1944; launched 19 May 1944; sponsored by Mrs. F. A. Fenger; and commissioned at Everett 4 July 1944.

## World War II service

After shakedown along the U.S. West Coast, Mastic steamed via Pearl Harbor to the western Pacific for duty with Commander Minecraft, Pacific Fleet. Beginning late in the year she carried out net laying and tending duties at American bases in the Mariana Islands and the western Caroline Islands.
During the later months of fighting in the Pacific she operated primarily out of Ulithi, but in addition served at Guam, Saipan, and Peleliu.
Following the Japanese capitulation 15 August, she continued servicing harbor defense installations until 26 October when she sailed from Saipan for the west coast. Steaming via Midway Islands and Pearl Harbor, she reached San Francisco, California, 25 November.

## Post-war decommissioning

Mastic decommissioned at Tiburon, California, 1 March 1946, and her name was struck from the Navy List 28 March. She was transferred to the U.S. Maritime Commission 6 June 1947 for simultaneous delivery to her purchaser, William Semar.
# Fabiana Lovece

Fabiana Lovece (born 17 July 1972) is an Argentine biathlete. She competed in the women's sprint event at the 1992 Winter Olympics.
# Ernesto Durón

Ernesto Durón (born 12 September 1952) is a Salvadoran former swimmer. He competed in three events at the 1968 Summer Olympics.
# Sarantaporo

Sarantaporo (Greek: Σαραντάπορο) is a village and a former municipality in the Larissa regional unit, Thessaly, Greece. Since the 2011 local government reform it is part of the municipality Elassona, of which it is a municipal unit. The municipal unit has an area of 150.902 km$^2$, and the community has an area of 26.958 km$^2$. The town is between the mountains of Kamvounia to the northwest and the Pierian Mountains to the northeast. The river Sarantaporos flows through the municipality. Sarantaporo is on the Greek National Road 3 (Larissa - Kozani - Niki). It is located west-southwest of Katerini, northwest of Elassona and Larissa, east of Grevena and south-southeast of Kozani.

## Subdivisions

The municipal unit Sarantaporo is subdivided into the following communities (constituent villages in brackets):
* Azoros (Vouvala)
* Gerania
* Giannota
* Lykoudi (Lykoudi, Sykia)
* Milea
* Sarantaporo
* Tsapournia (Tsapournia, Farmaki)

## Population

| Year | Town population | Municipality population |
| 1981 | 817 | - |
| 1991 | 938 | - |
| 2001 | 839 | 3,337 |
| 2011 | 580 | 2,455 |
| 2021 | 463 | 1,866 |

## History

The village was originally a Slavic settlement founded under the name Glikovo. Unlike the rest of Thessaly, Sarantaporo did not join Greece until October 1912 when the town was liberated from the Ottoman Empire after the Battle of Sarantaporo, a Greek victory in the First Balkan War. The Sarantaporo Gorge was the strategic location for the battle. Sarantaporo became a municipality in 1994; one of the first to be created under the Capodistrian Law. The area features archaeological findings dating back to the pre-Classical years up to the Ottoman rule.
# SICO Technology

SICO Technology is an Egyptian company which manufactures mobile phones, tablets, and a range of 3G/4G mobile phones and smartphones which include the Nile X smartphone manufactured in Egypt. It was founded in 2003 with its headquarters in downtown Cairo, Egypt. The name of the company resembles its nature of business: a silicon industries company for manufacturing telecommunication technologies and products.
In December 2017, the company announced during the CairoICT annual conference the production of locally manufactured 4G Android smartphones in its Egypt plant located in the industrial zone of the city of Assiut.

## Company history

SICO has its roots in an old privately held soft drink company founded in 1948 and famous for its soft drinks. In the 1960s, however, it went public and as SICO Egypt and became the local bottler for Coca-Cola, which it remains today.
In 2003, engineer Mohamed Salem, son of the old company's founder, reestablished it with a focus on electronics. It initially provided electronic security and automation services to private and public sector companies and banks in Egypt.
In 2013, the company began entering the electronic device market by manufacturing devices in factories in China under the SICO brand and training Egyptian engineers there and in Germany, until it began partnering with the Silicon Oasis Company, a public firm affiliated with Egypt's Ministry of Communications and Information Technology. The factory was set up in the new Asyut Technology Park and currently produces 45% of the components for mobile phones released under the brand with the help of 500 engineers, of whom nearly 200 are residents of Asyut Governorate.
# Next-generation matrix

In epidemiology, the next-generation matrix is used to derive the basic reproduction number, for a compartmental model of the spread of infectious diseases. In population dynamics it is used to compute the basic reproduction number for structured population models. It is also used in multi-type branching models for analogous computations.
The method to compute the basic reproduction ratio using the next-generation matrix is given by Diekmann et al. (1990) and van den Driessche and Watmough (2002). To calculate the basic reproduction number by using a next-generation matrix, the whole population is divided into $n$ compartments in which there are $m<n$ infected compartments. Let $x_{i},i=1,2,3,\ldots ,m$ be the numbers of infected individuals in the $i^{th}$ infected compartment at time t. Now, the epidemic model is
    ${\frac {\mathrm {d} x_{i}}{\mathrm {d} t}}=F_{i}(x)-V_{i}(x)$, where $V_{i}(x)=[V_{i}^{-}(x)-V_{i}^{+}(x)]$
In the above equations, $F_{i}(x)$ represents the rate of appearance of new infections in compartment $i$. $V_{i}^{+}$ represents the rate of transfer of individuals into compartment $i$ by all other means, and $V_{i}^{-}(x)$ represents the rate of transfer of individuals out of compartment $i$. The above model can also be written as
    ${\frac {\mathrm {d} x}{\mathrm {d} t}}=F(x)-V(x)$
where
    $F(x)={\begin{pmatrix}F_{1}(x),&F_{2}(x),&\ldots ,&F_{m}(x)\end{pmatrix}}^{T}$
and
    $V(x)={\begin{pmatrix}V_{1}(x),&V_{2}(x),&\ldots ,&V_{m}(x)\end{pmatrix}}^{T}.$
Let $x_{0}$ be the disease-free equilibrium. The values of the parts of the Jacobian matrix $F(x)$ and $V(x)$ are:
    $DF(x_{0})={\begin{pmatrix}F&0\\0&0\end{pmatrix}}$
and
    $DV(x_{0})={\begin{pmatrix}V&0\\J_{3}&J_{4}\end{pmatrix}}$
respectively.
Here, $F$ and $V$ are m × m matrices, defined as $F={\frac {\partial F_{i}}{\partial x_{j}}}(x_{0})$ and $V={\frac {\partial V_{i}}{\partial x_{j}}}(x_{0})$.
Now, the matrix $FV^{-1}$ is known as the next-generation matrix. The basic reproduction number of the model is then given by the eigenvalue of $FV^{-1}$ with the largest absolute value (the spectral radius of $FV^{-1}$). Next generation matrices can be computationally evaluated from observational data, which is often the most productive approach where there are large numbers of compartments.
# Somsak Keaokanta

Somsak Keaokanta (born 23 July 1939) is a Thai long-distance runner. He competed in the men's 5000 metres at the 1964 Summer Olympics.
# Cretan bryony

Cretan bryony is a common name for several plants and may refer to:
* Bryonia cretica
* Bryonia dioica, native to central and southern Europe
# Nicaragua at the 1968 Summer Olympics

Nicaragua competed in the Olympic Games for the first time at the 1968 Summer Olympics in Mexico City, Mexico.
# Skhira

Skhira (Arabic: الصخيرة) is a coastal town in Sfax Governate (Arabic: ولاية صفاقس), central-eastern Tunisia. It is located at around 34°18′2″N 10°4′15″E﻿ / ﻿34.30056°N 10.07083°E﻿ / 34.30056; 10.07083. It lies on the coast of the Gulf of Gabes. It has a large oil terminal for pipelines coming from the Tunisian and Algerian oilfields. The old village grew in the late nineteenth century as the centre of the export trade in esparto grass, used in the manufacture of paper.
vte Communes of Tunisia :
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# Amaithi

Amaithi is a village in the Benipur block of Darbhanga district in the state of Bihar, India.
# Hoseyn Safdar

Hoseyn Safdar (Persian: حسين صفدر, also Romanized as Ḩoseyn Şafdar) is a village in Margan Rural District, in the Central District of Hirmand County, Sistan and Baluchestan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 269, in 53 families.
# Vladimir Osokin

Vladimir Yuryevich Osokin (Russian: Владимир Юрьевич Осокин; born 8 January 1954) is a retired Soviet cyclist. He won a silver and a gold medal in the 4000 m team pursuit at the 1976 and 1980 Summer Olympics, respectively; individually, he finished in fourth and fifth place. Between 1975 and 1981 he won five silver medals in the individual and team pursuit at the world championships.
As a road racer, he finished second in the multistage Peace Race individually and first in the team competition in 1977.
Osokin has a degree in engineering from the Kirov Leningrad Institute of Textile and Light Industry (now St. Petersburg State University of Technology and Design).
# List of storms named Roger

The name Roger has been used for five tropical cyclones worldwide: four in the Western Pacific Ocean and one in the Australian Region.
In the Western Pacific:
* Tropical Storm Roger (1979) (T7920, 22W, Trining) – a weak and disorganised tropical storm in the Western Pacific.
* Tropical Storm Roger (1982) (T8225, 28W, Bidang), – a December severe tropical storm that brushed the coast of eastern Philippines.
* Typhoon Roger (1986) (T8608, 08W, Heling) – a Category 2 typhoon that brushed the southern coast of Japan.
* Tropical Storm Roger (1989) (T8917, 20W, Narsing) – a strong tropical storm produced significant rainfall across the majority of Japan, affecting areas from the Ryukyu Islands to Hokkaido.
In the Australian Region:
# Ust-Donetsky District

Ust-Donetsky District (Russian: Усть-Доне́цкий райо́н) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the forty-three in Rostov Oblast, Russia. It is located in the center of the oblast. The area of the district is 1,150 square kilometers (440 sq mi). Its administrative center is the urban locality (a work settlement) of Ust-Donetsky. Population: 33,647 (2010 Census); 32,479 (2002 Census); 30,374 (1989 Soviet census). The population of the administrative center accounts for 35.1% of the district's total population.
# Viaduc d'Austerlitz

48°50′37″N 02°22′04″E﻿ / ﻿48.84361°N 2.36778°E﻿ / 48.84361; 2.36778
Viaduc d'Austerlitz (English: Austerlitz Viaduct) is a single-deck, steel arch, rail bridge that crosses the Seine in Paris. Its usage is dedicated solely to Line 5 of the Paris Métro. It links Gare d'Austerlitz on the Rive Gauche to Quai de la Rapée on the other side of the river.

## History

Due to restrictions posed by navigational traffic, it was implausible to place a pier in the middle of the river. Therefore, in 1903, engineer Louis Biette, with the help of Fulgence Bienvenüe, conceptualized a metallic bridge that crossed the river in a single span.
It was designed by the architect Jean-Camille Formigé, who also designed the Pont de Bir-Hakeim, the greenhouses of Auteuil, and the park below the Basilica of Sacré-Coeur, and restored the Roman amphitheater in Arles and the Roman theater in Orange. Formigé decorated the steel arcs with marine-themed reliefs, including dolphins, seashells and seaweeds. Parts of the steel footings are etched with figures of the Parisian coat of arms, which symbolizes steadfastness.
Tasked with the bridge construction, the Levallois-Perret construction firm (Societé de Construction de Levallois-Perret) proposed a bridge with a span reaching 140 metres (460 ft), which was a record out of all the Parisian bridges at the time. Nowadays, this is only surpassed by Pont Charles-de-Gaulle. The viaduct consists of two reversed steel parabolic arcs joined together at three locations—two near the river banks and one exactly on the top of the arcs—and a single suspended deck about 8.5 m in width and hovering 11 m above water. As the deck is too close to the water, the arcs had to be elevated above the deck and affixed at each end to a giant stone abutment, 22 m x 18 m in dimension.
The approach to the bridge from the left bank (Gare d'Austerlitz) posed no particular issue to the construction project but it wasn't practical to remove the existing structures on the right bank to clear way for the bridge exit. Therefore, to circumvent this problem, instead of a straight exit leading out from the main bridge (like the one on the left bank), a curved structure was erected with riveted girders parallel to the rails. The helicoid ramp, which has a radius of approximately 75 m and a 40‰ gradient, bends in until the rails point downstream. The rails then disappear beneath la Place Mazas and re-emerge at the other end.
The construction of the viaduct began in 1903 and was completed by the following year. In 1936, the bridge body was consolidated to allow it to carry more load.

## Access

| ___ | Located near the Métro station: Quai de la Rapée. |
# Menjab-e Jadid

Menjab-e Jadid (Persian: منجاب جديد, also romanized as Menjāb-e Jadīd; also known as Menjāv-e Jadīd) is a village in Dodangeh Rural District, Hurand District, Ahar County, East Azerbaijan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 50, in 12 families.
# Braudabad railway station

Braudabad Railway Station (Urdu: براؤدآباد ریلوے اسٹیشن, Sindhi: برائود آباد ريلوي اسٽيشن) is located in Braudabad village, Thatta district of Sindh province, Pakistan.

## Services

The following trains stop at Braudabad station:
| Preceding station | Pakistan Railways | Pakistan Railways | Pakistan Railways | Following station |
| Jungshahitowards Karachi City | | Bolan Mail | | Kotri Junctiontowards Quetta |
# Zajelšje

Zajelšje (pronounced; Italian: Zaielse) is a village in the hills west of Ilirska Bistrica in the Inner Carniola region of Slovenia.
The local church in the settlement is dedicated to Saint Barbara and belongs to the Parish of Pregarje.
# Tiar, Iran

Tiar (Persian: تيار, also Romanized as Tīār; also known as Nīāl and Tiaf) is a village in Chelav Rural District, in the Central District of Amol County, Mazandaran Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 88, in 33 families.
# Koloseum

"Koloseum" (English: Coliseum) is a song by Marika Gombitová released on OPUS in 1987.
The composition, written by the singer herself with lyrics by Kamil Peteraj, is considered one of her most recognized works, earning several awards and nominations in addition. The POPulár award for the 2nd Best Video (1987) and the annual Zlatý Triangel award as Best Video (1988).
Its music video (directed by Ladislav Kaboš) featured on the VHS compilation Ateliér duše, released in 1987 on Videofilm SFT Koliba.

## Official versions

* "Koloseum" - Studio version, 1987

## Credits and personnel

* Marika Gombitová - lead vocal, writer
* Vašo Patejdl - piano, keyboards, LinnDrum computer, chorus
* Kamil Peteraj - lyrics
* Juraj Burian - electric and acoustic guitar
* Andrej Šeban - electric guitar
* Michal Důžek - chorus
* Peter Penthor - chorus
* Štefan Danko - responsible editor
* Peter Smolinský - producer
* Juraj Filo - sound director
* Jozef Krajčovič - sound director
* Ivan Minárik - technical coordination

## Awards
### POPulár

POPulár was a Slovak music magazine that mapped the domestic and international music scene, maintaining also POP awards. The magazine was published monthly since 1970, until its termination in 1992 (Note: In July 2008, the magazine was restored by Nový Populár, issued twice a month). Gombitová won four times as the Best Female Singer (1983, 1986, 1987-8), and once she received the Best Album award (1987).
| Year | Nominated work | Category | Result |
| 1987 | Koloseum | Best Song | Runner-up |

### Triangel

Zlatý Triangel (English: Golden Triangle) was an annual video chart also broadcast by the public television network Slovenská televízia from 1984 to 1997. The show, originally hosted by Tatiana Kulíšková and Pavol Juráň, and since November 1989 by Daniel Junas, awarded exclusively Slovak and Czech artists for the best videos released in a calendar year, similarly as the MTV music channel. Prior to that, its monthly editions called Triangel were held. Gombitová won four annual charts in total (in 1985-86, 1988 and 1995).
| Year | Nominated work | Category | Result |
| 1988 | "Koloseum" | Best Video | Won |

### Hit storočia

The Hit storočia (English: Hit of the Century) was a national TV competition organized by Slovenská televízia. Within its three-month run (set of on 20 April 2007), the viewers voted live the most popular Slovak songs from the 1930s to 1990s. Overall, nine songs were picked to compete in the Finale evening (6 July 2007). Gombitová entered the show with three songs, winning with a song written by Janko Lehotský and Kamil Peteraj, "Vyznanie" from 1979.
| Year | Nominated work | Category | Result |
| 2007 | Koloseum | Hit of the Century | Nominated |

## Cover versions

* 2006: Pavol Hammel, Robo Grigorov and Miko Hladký featuring Sláčikový orchester
* 2007: Martina Schindlerová
# Polyclinidae

Polyclinidae is a family of tunicates in the order Aplousobranchia.

## Genera

The World Register of Marine Species lists the following genera:
* Aplidiopsis Lahille, 1890
* Aplidium Savigny, 1816
* Morchellioides Herdman, 1886
* Morchellium Giard, 1872
* Neodictyon Sanamyan, 1988
* Polyclinella Harant, 1931
* Polyclinum Savigny, 1816
* Sidneioides Kesteven, 1909
* Synoicum Phipps, 1774
# Sør-Spitsbergen National Park

Sør-Spitsbergen National Park (Norwegian: Sør-Spitsbergen nasjonalpark, English: South Spitzbergen National Park) encompasses the southern end of Spitsbergen island in the Svalbard archipelago, Norway. The park was opened in 1973 and includes Wedel Jarlsberg Land, Torell Land and Sørkapp Land. Over 65% of the region is ice cap, with much of the rest tundra.

## Important Bird Area

The park contains bird sanctuaries which protect islands with grassy vegetation, freshwater ponds and areas of bare rock. One of these is the Isøyane Bird Sanctuary which has also recognised as a wetland of international importance by designation under the Ramsar Convention. The park has been identified as an Important Bird Area (IBA) by BirdLife International because it supports breeding populations of barnacle geese (850–950 pairs), common eiders (1000 pairs), black-legged kittiwakes (25,900 pairs) and thick-billed guillemots (over 200,000 pairs).
# Kheyrabad, Kuhpayeh

Kheyrabad (Persian: خيراباد, also Romanized as Kheyrābād) is a village in Tudeshk Rural District, Kuhpayeh District, Isfahan County, Isfahan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 36, in 10 families.