OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# George Blakley

George Robert (Bob) Blakley Jr. was an American cryptographer and a professor of mathematics at Texas A&M University, best known for inventing a secret sharing scheme in 1979 (see).

## Biography

Blakley did his undergraduate studies in physics at Georgetown University, and received his Ph.D. in mathematics from the University of Maryland in 1960. After postdoctoral studies at Cornell University and Harvard University, he held faculty positions at the University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign and the State University of New York at Buffalo before joining Texas A&M in 1970. At Texas A&M, he was chairman of the mathematics department from 1970 to 1978.
Blakley served on the board of directors of the International Association for Cryptologic Research from 1993 to 1995. He co-founded the International Journal of Information Security, published by Springer-Verlag, in 2000, and then served on its advisory board.
His son, George Robert (Bob) Blakley III, is also a computer security researcher.

## Secret-sharing scheme

In order to split a secret into several shares, Blakley's scheme specifies the secret as a point in n-dimensional space, and gives out shares that correspond to hyperplanes that intersect the secret point. Any n such hyperplanes will specify the point, while fewer than n hyperplanes will leave at least one degree of freedom, and thus leave the point unspecified.
In contrast, Shamir's secret sharing scheme represents the secret as the y-intercept of an n-degree polynomial, and shares correspond to points on the polynomial.

## Awards and honors

In 2001 Blakley received an honorary doctorate from Queensland University of Technology.
In 2009 he was named a fellow of the International Association for Cryptologic Research.
# Sangkha district

Sangkha (Thai: สังขะ, pronounced) is a district (amphoe) in the southern part of Surin province, northeastern Thailand.

## History

In 1759 the White Elephant of King Ekkathat escaped from Ayutthaya to the forest in Khwaeng Mueang Phimai area. Chiang Kha (เชียงฆะ), leader of Ban Khok Atcha and his groups volunteered to catch the elephant and succeeded. King Ekkathat promoted him to be Phra Sangkhaburi Si Nakhon Atcha (พระสังฆะบุรีศรีนครอัจจะ) and upgraded Ban Khok Atcha to be Mueang Sangkha in 1763.
In 1778, King Taksin the Great led his troops to Vientiane and Champasak. Mueang Sangkha was a part of the king troops. When King Taksin won, he promoted the governor of Sangkha to the rank of a Phraya.
In 1806 the status of Mueang Sangkha was upgraded to be a direct subordinate of the capital Bangkok.
In 1828 Phraya Sankhaburi (Thong Duang) was endorsed to become Mueang Khukhan governor to replace the previous governor.
In 1907 Monthon Isan was divided into four sections (boriwen). Mueang Sangkha was under the Surin Section, together with Mueang Surin. Mueang Sangkha at that time was subdivided into three districts: Sangkha, Si Khonphum, and Changkan.
In 1912 Monthon Isan was split into Monthon Roi Et and Monthon Ubon Ratchathani. Mueang Surin was included in Monthon Ubon Ratchathani. Mueang Sankha continued to be under Mueang Surin.

## Geography

Neighboring districts are (from the west clockwise): Kap Choeng, Prasat, Lamduan, Si Narong of Surin Province; Khukhan of Sisaket province; Buachet of Surin Province; and Oddar Meancheay of Cambodia. The southern part of this district is in the Dângrêk Mountains.

## Administration

The district is divided into 12 sub-districts (tambons), which are further subdivided into 187 villages (mubans). Sangkha itself is a sub-district municipality (thesaban tambon) and covers parts of tambons Sangkha and Ban Chop. There are a further 12 tambon administrative organizations (TAO).
| No. | Name | Thai | Villages | Pop. |
| 01. | Sangkha | สังขะ | 17 | 13,699 |
| 02. | Khon Taek | ขอนแตก | 17 | 09,597 |
| 06. | Dom | ดม | 16 | 07,873 |
| 07. | Phra Kaeo | พระแก้ว | 17 | 12,661 |
| 08. | Ban Chan | บ้านจารย์ | 13 | 08,121 |
| 09. | Krathiam | กระเทียม | 21 | 13,094 |
| 10. | Sakat | สะกาด | 15 | 09,772 |
| 11. | Ta Tum | ตาตุม | 17 | 13,509 |
| 12. | Thap Than | ทับทัน | 16 | 11,571 |
| 13. | Ta Khong | ตาคง | 14 | 08,676 |
| 15. | Ban Chop | บ้านชบ | 11 | 09,663 |
| 17. | Thep Raksa | เทพรักษา | 13 | 08,636 |
Missing numbers now form Si Narong District.
# Rhoptron

A rhoptron ((Greek: ρόπτρον), plural: rhoptra) was a buzzing drum used in Parthian music. According to Plutarch, the Parthian Empire used it made a frightening sound—resembling a mix of animal noises and lightning—to scare their opponents in battle, instead of the more typical Greek battlefield instruments like the salpinx.
According to Plutarch, a rhoptron was made from hollowed-out piece of pine or fir that had only one opening (stoma), unlike a frame drum, which were also used by the Greeks. This piece was somehow fitted with bronze bells (kōdōnes) and covered with oxhide, so that the bells collided with the head as it was played. In this way it resembles a snare drum more than a tambourine, though the latter is often used in translation. The rhoptra were played with the fingers, not sticks.
It was associated with the Corybantes in Ancient Greece.
Rhoptra were also known as rhombos, which also designated a bullroarer. Among the Ancient Greeks it also meant a door knocker, a meaning it retains in the modern language.
# Kosmos 2232

Kosmos 2232 (Russian: Космос 2232 meaning Cosmos 2232) is a Russian US-K missile early warning satellite which was launched in 1993 as part of the Russian Space Forces' Oko programme. The satellite is designed to identify missile launches using optical telescopes and infrared sensors.
Kosmos 2232 was launched from Site 16/2 at Plesetsk Cosmodrome in Russia. A Molniya-M carrier rocket with a 2BL upper stage was used to perform the launch, which took place at 15:55 UTC on 26 January 1993. The launch successfully placed the satellite into a molniya orbit. It subsequently received its Kosmos designation, and the international designator 1993-006A. The United States Space Command assigned it the Satellite Catalog Number 22321.
# Chachoengsao Town Municipality Stadium

Chachoengsao Town Municipality Stadium (Thai: สนามเทศบาลเมืองฉะเชิงเทรา) is a multi-purpose stadium in Chachoengsao Province, Thailand. It is currently used mostly for football matches and is the home stadium of Chachoengsao Hi-Tek F.C. The stadium holds 6,000 people.
# Samyan Mitrtown

Samyan Mitrtown (Thai: สามย่านมิตรทาวน์) is a mixed-use shopping, office, residential and leisure development located in Bangkok, Thailand. With a gross floor area of 222,000 square metres (2,390,000 sq ft), the ฿9 billion complex comprises Samyan Mitrtown Mall, Mitrtown Office Tower, Triple Y Residence and Triple Y Hotel.

## History

The project is situated on a 14-rai (2.2 ha; 5.5-acre) plot of Chulalongkorn University land on the northwest corner of Sam Yan Intersection, where Phayathai Road meets Rama IV Road. The area was previously a retail neighbourhood that had been cleared for redevelopment in 2008. The project, originally valued at ฿8.5 billion, was announced in 2016 and was developed by Golden Land Property Development, the property arm of the TCC Group owned by Thai billionaire businessman Charoen Sirivadhanabhakdi, under a lease agreement with the university.
Samyan Mitrtown officially opened on 20 September 2019.

## Facilities

The 6-storey Samyan Mitrtown Mall has a total rental space of 36,000 square metres (390,000 sq ft). Among its facilities include the Samyan CO-OP, a 500-seat reading and working space conceptualized in collaboration with Kasikornbank, which is free to the public and open for 24 hours.
It also has a 24-hour zone which offers several lifestyle services targeting students, workers, foreign tourists and locals with Samyan and its neighboring areas.
Also part of the complex is the Mitrtown Office Tower which features open space and flexible workspaces, the Triple Y Residence and Triple Y Hotel which offers 516 leasehold condominium units and 102 rooms, respectively.
# Long Branch Dam

Long Branch Dam is a dam in Macon County in northern Missouri, about 80 miles (130 km) north of Columbia, Missouri.
The dam is a project of the United States Army Corps of Engineers to provide flood control, water storage, wildlife conservation, and recreation. Completed in 1978, the 71-foot (22 m) high earthen dam impounds the water of the East Fork of the Little Chariton River.
Long Branch Lake is the reservoir created by the dam, with about 24 miles (39 km) of shoreline and a flood-control capacity of 98,000 acre-feet (121,000,000 m$^3$). In addition to the adjacent state-run Long Branch State Park with three separate units, the dam has a visitor center at its southern end, and the Atlanta State Wildlife Area at its northern end.
# Pathumthani University

Pathumthani University (Thai: มหาวิทยาลัยปทุมธานี) is a university in Pathum Thani, Thailand. Founded as Pathumthani College in 1999, it was upgraded to university status in 2005. The university is organized into seven faculties and a graduate school.
# Trikala Castle

The Trikala Castle (Greek: Κάστρο Τρικάλων) is the Byzantine-era citadel of the city of Trikala in western Thessaly, Greece.

## History

The castle lies on a hill at the northeastern side of the city, and was first built, according to Procopius of Caesarea, by Emperor Justinian I (r. 527–565) on the ruins of the acropolis of the ancient city of Trikke. In its current form it largely dates from the Palaiologan period, where it was extensively rebuilt and remodelled. The citadel suffered much damage during its conquest by the Ottoman Turks in 1393/4, but the city's importance as a bulwark against the restless inhabitants of the Pindus mountains and the Agrafa region, as well as being the centre of the Ottoman administration in Thessaly, meant that it was quickly repaired and strengthened. The castle suffered damage and was repaired after the failed rebellions of 1854 and 1878 against Ottoman rule.

## Description

The castle is, according to the archaeologist Krystallo Mantzana, a "typical Byzantine fortification", with an elongated shape along an axis from southwest to north, strengthened by square towers. The castle comprises three distinct enceintes on different levels of the hill: the lower fortress on the southern slope of the hill; the middle fortress, which is the largest of the three; and the inner fortress, also known by its Turkish name Its Kale (Ιτς Καλέ), which lies on the northeastern corner of the castle is protected by four particularly large and tall towers. Traces of the original Justinianian fortification have been found in the southern slopes, as well as the area of the inner citadel.
On the eastern side of the castle is the Clock Tower of Trikala, originally erected in the mid-17th century by the Ottomans. The original tower was destroyed by the Germans during World War II, and was rebuilt after the war.
# Chet Samian railway station

Chet Samian station (Thai: สถานีเจ็ดเสมียน) is a Class 3 railway station in Chet Samian Subdistrict, Photharam District, Ratchaburi, 88.878 km (55.2 mi) from Thon Buri railway station.
# Georgius Tzul

Georgius Tzul (also Georgios; Greek: Γεώργιος Τζούλης) was a Khazar warlord against whom the Byzantine Empire and Mstislav of Tmutarakan launched a joint expedition in 1016.
He appears only in the account of the Byzantine court historians Kedrenos and John Skylitzes, who place him at Kerch and calls him "khagan" (the title of the Khazar emperors). Kedrenos states that he was captured by the expeditionary force but does not relate his ultimate fate. Inscriptions and other references exist referring to a Tzul or Tsal clan in Crimea during this period; presumably he was a member although the relationship of that family to the original ruling dynasty of Khazaria is unknown. Almost nothing else about him, including the extent of his holdings, is known.
Even though earlier writers maintained that the Khazar khagan was required to adhere to Judaism, Georgius is a Christian name. Whether Georgius Tzul was himself a Christian, a Jew or Shamanist with an unusual Greek name, or whether the name is merely a Byzantine attempt to transliterate a Turkic or Hebrew name, is unknown.
Byzantine campaigns occurred roughly during this period against the Georgians and the Bulgarian Empire, suggesting a concerted effort to re-establish Byzantine dominance in the Black Sea region.
# Biryulyovo Vostochnoye District

Biryulyovo Vostochnoye District (Russian: район Бирюлёво Восточное) is a territorial division (a district, or raion) in Southern Administrative Okrug, one of the 125 in the federal city of Moscow, Russia. It is located in the south of the city and borders with Biryulyovo Zapadnoye in the west, Tsaritsyno in the north, Orekhovo-Borisovo (Severnoye and Yuzhnoye) in the east, and Moscow Ring Road (MKAD) in the south. The area of the district is 14.772 square kilometers (5.704 sq mi). As of the 2010 Census, the total population of the district was 145,100.

## Municipal status

As a municipal division, the district is incorporated as Biryulyovo Vostochnoye Municipal Okrug.

## Economy
### Transportation

The western border of the district is formed by a railway, and two railway stations (Biryulyovo-Tovarnaya and Biryulyovo-Passazhirskaya) are located in the district. They serve the Paveletsky suburban railway line. Another railway station within the limits of the district is Tsaritsyno serving the Kursky suburban railway line, Moscow, which is located next to the metro station of the same name.
# Pyotr Bartenev

Pyotr Ivanovich Bartenev
(Пётр Ива́нович Барте́нев; 13 October 1829 – 4 November 1912) was a Russian historian and collector of unpublished memoirs.
Of noble birth, Bartenev attended the Moscow University. In 1856, he undertook the first publication of the correspondence of Tsar Alexis, which brought him to the attention of the leading Slavophiles. These connections helped him secure the post of director at the Chertkov Library, then the only public library in Moscow.
At this position he consulted Leo Tolstoy on the details of the Napoleonic wars. Tolstoy, then at work on War and Peace, said that "turning to Bartenev with a research query was like turning on the tap of a samovar".
In 1863, Bartenev founded The Russian Archive, the first history journal in Russia. Like its rival, Old Times in Russia, Bartenev's journal brought to light scores of unknown documents and memoirs from the 18th and early 19th centuries. Prince Vorontsov's entire family archive was published in 40 volumes as a supplement to this periodical.
Bartenev is perhaps best remembered today as the founder of the Pushkin studies. He collected numerous testimonials relating to Alexander Pushkin, from his relatives and friends. Bartenev and Pavel Annenkov represent the first generation of amateur Pushkinists.
# Asteras Magoula F.C.

Asteras Magoula Football Club (Greek: Α.Ο. Αστέρας Μαγούλας) is a Greek football club, based in Magoula, West Attica. It was officially founded in 1980.
Asteras spent the majority of its history in the Piraeus Football Clubs Association championships until 2003, when it joined the newly formed West Attica Football Clubs Association. On 25 June 2011, Asteras won the Greek Amateur Cup after beating Asteras Lianokladi 2–0. The same year, it was promoted to Football League 2 after finishing first in Group 7 of the 2010–11 Delta Ethniki.
# Armenochori, Cyprus

Armenochori (Greek: Αρμενοχώρι; Turkish: Esenköy; Armenian: Արմենոխորի) is an Armenian village located in the Limassol District of Cyprus, 10 kilometres (6 miles) northeast of the city of Limassol. Armenochori means “Armenian village” in Greek. In 1958, the Turkish Cypriots adopted the alternative name Esenköy, literally meaning “windy village.”

## History
### Ancient

Armenochori is one of the oldest villages of Limassol District. Early signs of inhabitation are known to be dated to 85BC, when the emperor of Armenia named Tigranes the Great, son of Khoren the Great III, (Armenian: Տիգրան Մեծ Tigran Mets; Greek: Τιγράνης ὁ Μέγας Tigránes o Mégas) had conquered Syria, Lebanon, parts of Israel, Anatolia and Cyprus. Part of Tigranes' army remained in Cyprus in order to guarantee the security of the Greek population of the island against aggressive Arabians. After continuing his achievements throughout the middle east, Tigran orders some of his leading military personnel to stay behind in the areas of modern Armenochori to monitor developments of agreements of protection of local Greek allies. The area of Armenochori was strategically convenient to watch over the Mediterranean horizon and sound alarm against possible invasions by enemies.
Ancient history says:
   Tigranes, to whom Lucullus had sent an ambassador, though of no great power in the beginning of his reign, had enlarged it so much by a series of successes, of which there are few examples, that he was commonly surnamed "King of Kings." After having overthrown and almost ruined the family of the kings, successors of the great Seleucus; after having very often humbled the pride of the Parthians, transported whole cities of Greeks into Media, conquered all Syria and Palestine, and given laws to the Arabians called Scenites, he reigned with an authority respected by all the princes of Asia. The people paid him honors after the manners of the East, even to adoration.

### Ottoman Period

Armenochori/Esenköy was turned into a Turkish Cypriot village during the Ottoman period. Although some Greek Cypriot and Armenian families lived there between 1891 and 1931, almost all of them left the village by the 1940s. Over the course of the British period, the population of the village doubled, rising from 89 persons in 1891 to 162 in 1960.

### Modern

Today the village is the choice of residence of wealthy businessmen from Cyprus, Russia, Armenia and other countries. It has a population of 187 people.
# Matthew Hutchinson

Matthew Hutchinson (October 20, 1843 – January 22, 1926) was a Canadian lawyer, politician, and judge.
Born in Musquodoboit, Nova Scotia the son of William Scott Hutchinson and Sarah Marthe Archibald, Hutchinson studied at the London Grammar School in London, Ontario before attending McGill University. He was called to the Quebec Bar in 1874 and was created a Queen's Counsel in 1899.
A practicing lawyer he joined the faculty of McGill University in 1877 where he was a professor. From 1891 to 1893, he was Mayor of Westmount, Quebec. He was acclaimed to the Legislative Assembly of Quebec in 1900 for the riding of Montréal division no. 5. A Liberal, he did not run in 1904. He was appointed to the Quebec Superior Court in 1904.
He died in Westmount in 1926 and was buried in the Mount Royal Cemetery.
# Pella (municipality)

Pella (Greek: Πέλλα) is a municipality in the Pella regional unit of Central Macedonia, Greece. The capital of the municipality is Giannitsa, the largest town of the regional unit. On the site of the ancient city of Pella is the Archaeological Museum of Pella.

## Municipality

The municipality Pella was formed at the 2011 local government reform by the merger of the following 5 former municipalities, that became municipal units:
* Giannitsa
* Krya Vrysi
* Kyrros
* Megas Alexandros
* Pella (town)
The municipality has an area of 669.220 km$^2$, the municipal unit 113.819 km$^2$. The municipality has a population of 57,093 (2021 census). The capital of the municipality of Pella is Giannitsa (population 30,498 at the 2021 census). Other towns are Krya Vrysi (pop. 4,374), Mylotopos (pop. 1,831), Pella (town) (pop. 2,050), Galatades (pop. 1,628), Karyotissa (pop. 1,605), Aravissos (pop. 1,170) and Ampeleíai (pop. 1,003).

## Famous people

* Alexander the Great (356–323BC) King of Macedon at its height
* Philip II of Macedon Father of Alexander the great and king of Macedon from 359 BC until his assassination in 336 BC.
* Krste Misirkov (1874–1926), a philologist and publicist.
# Poet Laureate of Ontario

The Poet Laureate of Ontario (French: Poète officiel de l’Ontario) is the poet laureate for the province of Ontario in Canada. The position was established in 2019 as an office of the Legislative Assembly of Ontario in honour of musician and writer Gord Downie.

## Establishment

The Poet Laureate of Ontario Act (In Memory of Gord Downie), 2019 was introduced in December 2017 as a private member's bill to the legislature by Percy Hatfield, the Member of Provincial Parliament (MPP) for Windsor—Tecumseh. Passage of the bill into law on December 12, 2019 was attended by members of Downie's family, during which time MPPs read The Tragically Hip lyrics and paid tribute to Downie.
The first poet laureate was originally scheduled to be named in 2020, after being selected by a legislative panel chaired by speaker Ted Arnott, however the announcement was delayed until 2021. The appointee will hold the role for a two-year term. On April 28, 2021, Randell Adjei was named the first poet laureate.
# Skotisma Zazavavy eto Madagasikara

Skotisma Zazavavy eto Madagasikara is the national Guiding federation of Madagascar. It serves 25,152 members (as of 2008). Founded in 1941, the federation became a full member of the World Association of Girl Guides and Girl Scouts in 1963.
Members of the federation are
* Fanilon'i Madagasikara (Catholic, girls only)
* Kiadin'i Madagasikara - Eclaireuses et Eclaireurs de Madagascar (interreligious, coeducational)
* Mpanazava eto Madagasikara sy Tily eto Madagasikara - Eclaireuses et Eclaireurs Unionistes de Madagascar (Protestant Unionist Guides and Scouts of Madagascar, coeducational)
The two latter organizations are also members of the Firaisan'ny Skotisma eto Madagasikara, the national Scouting federation, which is a member of the World Organization of the Scout Movement.
# Buffalo Gun (film)

Buffalo Gun is a 1961 American western film directed by Albert C. Gannaway and starring Marty Robbins, Webb Pierce, Carl Smith, Mary Ellen Kay. The film was shot in 1957 in Ray Corrigan Ranch, California and released in 1961.

## Plot

Marty Robbins, Webb Pierce, and Carl Smith are lawmen who are fighting the men who are stealing government supplies meant for Native Americans. The starving Natives are on the verge of going to war over their treatment.

## Cast

* Webb Pierce as Webb Pierce
* Carl Smith as Carl Smith
* Marty Robbins as Marty Robbins
* Wayne Morris as Roche
* Don "Red" Barry as Murdock
* Mary Ellen Kay as Clementine Hubbard
* Douglas Fowley as Sheriff
* Harry Lauter as Vin
* Eddie Crandall as Eddie Hubbard
* Gordon Stoker as 1st Tenor Member of the Jordanaires (as The Jordanaires)
* Bill Coontz as Cocha
* Neal Matthews Jr. as 2nd Tenor Member of the Jordanaires (as The Jordanaires)
* Hoyt Hawkins as Baritone Member of the Jordanaires (as The Jordanaires)
* Eddie Little Sky as Sartu (as Eddie Little)
* Hugh Jarrett as Bass Member of the Jordanaires (as The Jordanaires)
* Charles Soldani as Chief
# Nil-Élie Larivière

Nil-Élie Larivière (July 11, 1899 – May 3, 1969) was a politician Quebec, Canada and a Member of the Legislative Assembly of Quebec (MLA).

## Early life

He was born on July 11, 1899, in Bonfield, Ontario, and became a farmer. Larivière moved to Rouyn-Noranda, Abitibi-Témiscamingue in 1925.

## City politics

He served as a city councillor in Rouyn in 1926.

## Member of the legislature

Larivière ran as an Action libérale nationale candidate in the district of Témiscamingue in the 1935 provincial election and won against incumbent Joseph-Édouard Piché. He joined Maurice Duplessis's Union Nationale and was re-elected in the 1936 election. Larivière was defeated by Liberal candidate Paul-Oliva Goulet in the 1939 election.
He was re-elected in the 1944 and 1948 elections. Larivière lost his bid for re-election in the 1952 election and was succeeded again by Goulet.

## Death

He died on May 3, 1969.