OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Château de Beaucens

The Château de Beaucens, is a 14th-century ruined castle in the commune of Beaucens in the Hautes-Pyrénées département of France. The site has been transformed into a zoological park, the "Donjon des Aigles" (eagles' keep), where one may admire birds of prey in flight around the ruins of the castle, with a view over the vallée des Gaves.

## History

Construction of the castle began in 1037. Altered and expanded several times, it was the property of the Viscounts of Castet-Loubon commonly known as the Viscounts of Lavedan. It was the normal residence of the viscountcy, the most powerful in Bigorre with vast possessions including seventeen towns in the Barèges valley, They owned it for several centuries, but from the 15th century, they rarely stayed there, using it only when conducting business in the area.
In 1560, in events leading up to the French Wars of Religion, the Viscount, as a Huguenot, saw his castle pillaged by Catholic forces.
The castle was inhabited in 1643, when it belonged then to the house of Montaut-Bénac
Madame de Motteville stayed at the castle for the wedding of Louis XIV and Maria Theresa of Spain, on 9 June 1660 at the church of Saint John the Baptiste in Saint-Jean-de-Luz. She compared it to the palace of the fairy Urgande.
Prince Charles Louis Gaspard de Rohan-Rochefort, the 31st and last viscount, who lived there, had married his cousin, Marie Louise Joséphine de Rohan. He was extremely unpopular with the population of Bigorre. In 1792, during the French Revolution, he fled to Austria leaving behind his wife - she asked for and received a divorce - and his papers. When the castle was set on fire, they were lost. The Princess managed to keep some of the property, including the castle: in 1802 she sold all of the possessions in Bigorre. The castle then belonged to a succession of owners.
An earthquake in 1854 caused part of the enceinte to collapse. In 1856, the castle became the property of Achille Marcus Fould (1800 - 1867), the famous banker and politician. He was Minister of Finance during the Second Republic under Napoleon III and Minister of State from 1852 to 1860 during the Second Empire of Napoleon III. The castle was restored by Fould but remained a ruin overgrown by vegetation.
It was inscribed on the list of monuments historiques in 1927.

## Legend of the eagle and the trout

In the Bigorre region, legend tells of a long siege of the castle by Charlemagne which ended because an eagle with a trout in its beak led the besiegers to believe that the castle had abundant fresh food.

## Geology

At the foot of the castle is a cold sulfurous spring which was drunk by the inhabitants of Beaucens and a lead mine in the rock on which the castle stands.

## Donjon des aigles

Since 1973, the castle has housed one of the world's most important collections of birds of prey: : kites, vulture, eagles, sea eagles, falcons and buzzards. Displays are given featuring an Egyptian vulture, who breaks an imitation ostrich egg with a stone, as well as a condor, various owls, parakeets and parrots.
* View of the castle
* Donjon des Aigles in 2013
# Toledo Machining

Chrysler Toledo Machining is a Stellantis North America manufacturing plant in Perrysburg, Ohio. Construction began in 1964 with production starting in 1966. The plant manufactures steering columns and torque converters for several Stellantis factories around the world.

## History

Construction started in 1964 and the plant began operations two years later. Subsequent expansions of the factory came in 1969, adding 2,430,000 sq ft (226,000 m$^2$). In August 2011 Chrysler LLC announced that it would invest $72 million to produce steering columns and torque converters for its propulsion transmissions. Chrysler LLC announced in April 2013 a new investment of $19.6 million to increase capacity of its converters.
In August 2018, FCA announced that Toledo Machining would produce a key component for the first plug-in hybrid Jeep Renegade. The factory also produced the power module for the Jeep Wrangler PHEV.
# Dicarpa

Dicarpa is a genus of ascidian tunicates in the family Styelidae.

## Species

Species within the genus Dicarpa include:
* Dicarpa antarctica Monniot & Monniot, 1977
* Dicarpa atlantica Millar, 1964
* Dicarpa cornicula (Monniot, 1978)
* Dicarpa fibrata Monniot, 1997
* Dicarpa insinuosa (Sluiter, 1912)
* Dicarpa intritae Monniot & Monniot, 1976
* Dicarpa lata Monniot & Monniot, 1976
* Dicarpa mysogyna Monniot & Monniot, 1982
* Dicarpa pacifica Millar, 1964
* Dicarpa simplex Millar, 1955
* Dicarpa spinifera Monniot & Monniot, 1976
* Dicarpa tricostata (Millar, 1960)
Species names currently considered to be synonyms:
* Dicarpa mysogyna Monniot & Monniot, 1983: synonym of Dicarpa mysogyna Monniot & Monniot, 1982
# Lebogang

Lebogang or Lebohang is a South African given name which is often shortened to Lebo. It may refer to:
* Lebogang Mabatle (born 1992), South African football defender
* Lebogang Manyama (born 1990), South African footballer
* Lebogang Mashile (born 1979), South African actor, writer and poet
* Lebohang Mokoena (born 1986), South African football player
* Lebohang K. Moleko, Lesotho diplomat
* Lebogang Moloto (born 1992), South African footballer
* Lebo M (Lebohang Morake, born 1964), South African producer and composer
* Lebogang Morula (born 1968), South African football player
* Lebo Mothiba (born 1996), South African footballer
* Lebogang Phiri (born 1994), South African footballer
* Lebogang Ramalepe (born 1991), South African football defender
* Lebogang Shange (born 1990), South African race walker
* Lebo Mathosa (born 1977), South African singer
# Daniel C. Lynch

Daniel Courtney Lynch (August 16, 1941 – March 30, 2024) was an American computer network engineer. He worked at the University of California's Information Sciences Institute (ISI). In 1986, he established the first conference dedicated to the emerging Internet which evolved into the annual Interop conference.
He cofounded one of the first online payment companies, CyberCash, in 1994.
In 2019, he was inducted into the Internet Hall of Fame.
# Sir John Trevelyan, 4th Baronet

Sir John Trevelyan, 4th Baronet (6 February 1735 – 18 April 1828) was a British politician who sat in the House of Commons from 1777 to 1796.

## Origins

A member of an ancient family of Cornwall, he was the only son and heir of Sir George Trevelyan, 3rd Baronet (1707–1768) of Nettlecombe.

## Career

He served as High Sheriff of Somerset for 1777-8 and sat as a Member of Parliament for Newcastle-upon-Tyne from 1777 to 1780 and for Somerset from 1780 to 1796. In 1784 he was a member of the St. Alban's Tavern group who tried to bring Fox and Pitt together.

## Involvement in slavery

He owned enslaved people on Grenada. In 1835 his family received compensation of £26,898, a huge sum at the time, from the British government for the abolition of slavery a year earlier. A descendant is the former BBC journalist Laura Trevelyan who quit the BBC to campaign for reparative justice for the Caribbean.

## Marriage and issue

He married Louisa Marianne Simond, a daughter and co-heiress of Peter Simond of London, a Huguenot merchant. He inherited various Northumbrian estates from his wife's uncle in 1777. By his wife he had 6 sons and 2 daughters including:
* Sir John Trevelyan, 5th Baronet (1761–1846), eldest son and heir, father of Sir Walter Calverley Trevelyan, 6th Baronet (1797–1879);
* Walter Trevelyan (1763–1830), 2nd son;
* Venerable George Trevelyan (1765–1827), 3rd son, Rector of Nettlecombe, Canon of Wells and Archdeacon of Taunton, father of:
** Henry Willoughby Trevelyan (1803–1876), a Major-General in the British Army, father of Sir Ernest John Trevelyan (1850–1929), a Judge of the High Court of Calcutta, a writer on legal matters and a member of the Oxford Town Council.
** Sir Charles Trevelyan, 1st Baronet (1807–1886) of Wallington Hall, near Cambo in Northumberland, title created in 1874; the 1st Baronet's grandson was the historian George Macaulay Trevelyan (1876–1962)
** Reverend William Pitt Trevelyan (1812–1905), 6th son, father of Reverend George Philip Trevelyan (1858–1937), father of Humphrey Trevelyan, Baron Trevelyan, a diplomat and author.

## Death

He died in April 1828, aged 93.
# Thiomargarita

Thiomargarita is a genus (family Thiotrichaceae) which includes the vacuolate sulfur bacteria species Thiomargarita namibiensis, Candidatus Thiomargarita nelsonii, and Ca. Thiomargarita joergensii. In 2022, scientists working in a Caribbean mangrove discovered an extremely large member of the genus, provisionally named Ca. T. magnifica, whose cells are easily visible to the naked eye at up to 2 centimetres (0.79 in) long.
Representatives of this genus can be found in a variety of environments that are rich in hydrogen sulfide, including methane seeps, mud volcanoes, brine pools, and organic-rich sediments such as those found beneath the Benguela Current and Humboldt Current. These bacteria are generally considered to be chemolithotrophs that utilize reduced inorganic species of sulfur as metabolic electron donors to produce energy for the fixation of carbon into biomass. Carbon fixation occurs via the Calvin Benson Bassham cycle and possibly the reverse Krebs cycle.
# Metandrocarpa

Metandrocarpa is a genus of ascidian tunicates in the family Styelidae.
Species within the genus Metandrocarpa include:
* Metandrocarpa agitata Kott, 1985
* Metandrocarpa asymmetra Monniot C., 2001
* Metandrocarpa dura (Ritter, 1896)
* Metandrocarpa fascicularis Millar, 1962
* Metandrocarpa indica Kott, 1972
* Metandrocarpa kudoi Rho & Cole, 1999
* Metandrocarpa manina Monniot & Monniot, 1987
* Metandrocarpa michaelseni Ritter & Forsyth, 1917
* Metandrocarpa miniscula Kott, 1985
* Metandrocarpa protostigmatica Michaelsen, 1922
* Metandrocarpa reducta Monniot, 1988
* Metandrocarpa sterreri Monniot, 1972
* Metandrocarpa taylori Huntsman, 1912
* Metandrocarpa thilenii Michaelsen, 1922
* Metandrocarpa uedai Watanabe & Tokioka, 1972
Species names currently considered to be synonyms:
* Metandrocarpa dermatina Huntsman, 1912: synonym of Metandrocarpa dura (Ritter, 1896)
* Metandrocarpa protostigmata Michaelsen, 1922: synonym of Metandrocarpa protostigmatica Michaelsen, 1922
* Metandrocarpa tritonis (Michaelsen, 1904): synonym of Monandrocarpa tritonis Michaelsen, 1904
# Israel Corporation

Israel Corporation (Hebrew: החברה לישראל) (also Israel Corp) is Israel's largest holding company. It was founded in 1968 by the Government of the State of Israel.
50% of its manufacturing activities and 70% of its consolidated revenues derive from global operations. Its core holdings are fertilizers and specialty chemicals, energy, shipping and transportation. Israel Corp is a constituent of the TA-35 Index of leading shares of the Tel Aviv Stock Exchange. Two of its major holdings, Israel Chemicals and Oil Refineries Ltd are also constituents of the TA-35 Index.

## History

The Israel Corp was founded by the government of Israel in 1968, together with Shaul Eisenberg, who was one of the first strategic foreign investors in Israeli history, under the initiative of then Minister of Finance, Pinchas Sapir of the Israeli Labor Party, who changed the Encouragement of Capital Investments Law to attract foreign investment. The change ensured that the company's owners were exempt from taxes for 30 years and received other benefits.
In 1975, the director general of Israel Corp, Michael Tzur, was sentenced to 15 years in prison after he was convicted on 18 counts of embezzlement, theft, fraud and bribery. He was released from prison in 1981.
Shares of the company were offered to the public in 1969, 1970, 1974 and 1982, and the company was listed on the Tel Aviv Stock Exchange in 1982.
After Eisenberg's death in 1998, the family sold control of the company to the Ofer family.
In 2007, 55% of the equity of the company was held by the Ofer Brothers Group, 18% by Bank Leumi and the remainder by the public.

## Major holdings

Israel Corp's major holdings are Israel Chemicals, Oil Refineries Ltd, Tower Semiconductor, Kenon Holdings and Zim Integrated Shipping Services.

## Criticism

The Israel Corporation was criticized in a documentary film examining the influence of big business on Israeli politics. The movie The Shakshuka System chronicles the history of the company, and how it had allegedly benefited from a "revolving-door" practice between the public and the private sector, from its extensive network of connections in Israel's political system and economic circles, and from a high degree of influence on local media to squelch potential criticism. Among the major allegations presented by the film was the Bazan sale incident, in which the company's stake in the country's largest oil refinery was bought out by Israel's treasury, for what many considered to be an overvalued sum, especially since Israel Corp. was bound by an agreement to return its holding of Bazan to the state without compensation. The company had allegedly blocked the film from being broadcast on any of Israel's commercial TV channels, and it was finally broadcast on Channel One.
# Ermengol I

Ermengol or Armengol I (974–1010), called el de Córdoba, was the count of Urgell from 992 to his death. He was the second son of Borrell II of Barcelona and his first wife, Letgarda. He was the second of the counts of Urgell and famous mainly for his participation in the Reconquista.
A man of culture, Ermengol was open to influences from wider Europe and made two voyages to Rome, in 998 and 1001. He was a stimulus to his nobles in making pilgrimages to Santiago de Compostela and Le Puy. He also reformed the judiciary of his county to make justice more available to all. He also began to reassert his authority over the outlying castles of his realm, whose lords were acting independently of his power.
Ermengol also maintained an intense war against the Caliphate of Córdoba. In 1003, Urgell was invaded by Abd al-Malik al-Muzaffar. Aided by the brothers Bernard I of Besalú and Wifred II of Cerdagne, and his own brother, Ramon Borrell of Barcelona, Ermengol defeated them at the Battle of Torà, followed by a narrower victory at the Battle of Albesa. He was captured by Abd al-Malik, the Córdoban hajib, during reprisals in the summer, but was freed by March 1004. In 1008, he led several successful expeditions against the Moors. In 1010, he participated in the expedition of his brother Ramon Borrell of Barcelona against Córdoba itself. He died nearby at Castell de Bacar. His testament, dated around 1010, includes one of the first-attested mentions of the game of chess in Western Europe.

## Family

Before 10 July 1000, Ermengol married Tetberga, presumably a daughter of Artaud I, Count of Forez, by his wife Tetberga of Limoges. The younger Tetberga died between 7 April and 3 November 1005, when Ermengol's second wife Guisla (Gisela) is first mentioned. Guisla's family is not known, but she may have been the homonymous daughter of Gausfred I of Roussillon, named in her father's will in February 989. She survived him and was still alive on 18 November 1010. From this second union came two children:
* Ermengol II, his successor
* Ermesinda – married, before 1029, Raymond III of Pallars Jussà
# Chukhna

Chukhna, Chukhnas, Chukhontsy (singular: Chukhonets (male), Chukhonka (female)) is an obsolete Russian term for some Finnic peoples: Finns, Estonians, Karelians, Ingrian Finns.
It is thought to be a derivative from the ethnonym Chud.
The 18th century Linguarum totius orbis vocabularia comparativa of Peter Simon Pallas has a vocabulary of the "Chukhna language".
Vladimir Dal, in his Explanatory Dictionary of the Living Great Russian Language, records a reference to Finns in the vicinity of St. Petersburg.
In modern usage, the words are considered ethnic slurs for Finns and Estonians.
In 2000, TV-journalist Leonid Parfenov's usage of a term considering Vladimir Putin was perceived as an insult towards the President of Russia. Parfenov denied the claims, saying:
   That was normal. Literally, I said: "a type of whitish northern appearance which is popularly called "chukhon blond" (Russian: чухонь белобрысая, romanized: chukhon belobrysaya). How else? They don't say "blond of medium height". My cousin, Sasha, looks just like that. And Baba Katya, the kingdom of heaven to her, always called him that. This is very common in the North: Novgorod, St. Petersburg, Vologda, Arkhangelsk region, Karelia ... By the way, we have discussed this with Sveta Sorokina who is from St. Petersburg. I am also partly from St. Petersburg, because I studied in St. Petersburg. And we said this is ours, and many do not know that "chukhon" is northern Russia. As a matter of fact, I am also a chukhon by birth. Yesenin has a verse line: "Russia has got lost in Mordva and Chud."
# Yuriy Zhuravskyi

Yuriy Zhuravskyi or Yurii Zhuravskyi, sometimes Yuriy Zhuravskiy (born 10 April 1974) is a Ukrainian former bobsledder and decathlete. He competed in the four man bobsleigh event at the 2002 Winter Olympics. In decathlon, he won a national title at the Ukrainian Athletics Championships in 1999.
# Rekawinkel railway station

Rekawinkel is a railway station serving Rekawinkel in Lower Austria.
# Dunchon-dong

Dunchon-dong (Korean: 둔촌동) is a dong (neighborhood) of Gangdong District, Seoul, South Korea.

## Notable people

* Kim Hyunjin, singer, member of girl group LOONA
# King's Artillery Regiment

The King's Artillery Regiment (Danish: Kongens Artilleriregiment, KAR) was an artillery regiment of the Royal Danish Army.

## History

The Kongens Artilleriregiment was formed on 1 August 1982 by merging Kronens Artilleriregiment from Sjælsmark barracks and Sjællandske Artilleriregiment from Holbæk barracks. On 1 November 2005 Kongens Artilleriregiment was merged with Dronningens Artilleriregiment to create the new artillery regiment, Danske Artilleriregiment. The regiment was located on Sjælsmark barracks.

## Units

* 1st Armoured Artillery Battalion (1982-2004) part of 1st Zealand Brigade
* 2nd Artillery Battalion (1982-2004) part of ELK/Corps Artillery
* 4th Light Artillery Battalion (1982-1996) part of 4th Zealand Battle Group,(from 1990)1st Zealand Battle Group
* 5th Armoured Artillery Battalion (1982-2004) part of 2nd Zealand Brigade (from 1994 part of Danish International Brigade)
* 13th Anti Air Artillery Battalion (1982-2000) part of LANDZEALAND/Corps Artillery
* 14th Light Artillery Battalion (1982-1985) part of LANDZEALAND/Corps Artillery
* 16th Light Artillery Battalion (1982-1990) part of 1st Zealand Battle Group. Transferred to North Jutland Artillery Regiment
* 17th Heavy Artillery Battery (1985-1996) - 17th MLRS Battery (1997-2004) part of LANDZEALAND/Corps Artillery
* 21st Light Artillery Battalion (1982-2000) part of 3rd Zealand Battle Group
* 22nd Light Artillery Battalion (1982-2000) part of 2nd Zealand Battle Group
* 32nd Heavy Artillery Battalion (1982-1985) - 32nd Artillery Battalion (1986-2000) part of LANDZEALAND/Corps Artillery, (2000-2004) part of HOK
* Staff and Target Acquisition Battery/LANDZEALAND (1982-2004) part of LANDZEALAND/Corps Artillery
* This article about an organization in Denmark is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
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# Wilhelm von Drigalski

Wilhelm von Drigalski (born 21 June 1871 in Dresden - died 12 May 1950 in Wiesbaden) was a German bacteriologist. Von Drigalski was awarded a doctor of medicine degree at the University of Berlin in 1895. As medical officer he worked at the Charité hospital under the supervision of Robert Koch. He married the writer Liesbet Dill, daughter of the Dudweiler estate and brewery owner Friedrich Wilhelm Dill and Elisabeth Dill née Bottler, in Wiesbaden on March 5, 1905, and fathered their daughter Leonore (b. 1912) and son Wolfgang von Drigalski (1907-1943).
# Garmab Dasht

Garmab Dasht (Persian: گرمابدشت, also Romanized as Garmāb Dasht) is a village in Eshkevar-e Sofla Rural District, Rahimabad District, Rudsar County, Gilan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 51, in 21 families.
# Copernicus Award

The Nicolaus Copernicus Polish-German Research Award (also known as Copernicus Award) is a biannual science award conferred by Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft and Foundation for Polish Science "to the individuals most active in Polish-German scientific cooperation who have made exceptional research achievements as a result of that cooperation." The award was established in 2006 and is named after Renaissance astronomer and polymath Nicolaus Copernicus (1473–1543). It carries a cash prize of €200,000 shared equally by two winners, one from Germany and one from Poland. In order to be eligible for the award, candidates must have at least a doctoral degree and work in Polish or German scientific institutions.
Permanent members of the Jury of the Copernicus Award include: Grażyna Jurkowlaniec (University of Warsaw) – chair of the Jury; Immo Fritsche (Leipzig University) – deputy chair of the Jury; Bernd Büchner (IFW Dresden); Paweł Idziak (Jagiellonian University); Maria Mittag (University of Jena); Marek Samoć (Wrocław University of Technology).

## Copernicus Award winners

| Year | Name | Institution |
| 2024 | Joachim Wambsganss | University of Heidelberg |
| 2024 | Andrzej Udalski | University of Warsaw |
| 2022 | Sascha Feuchert | University of Giessen |
| 2022 | Krystyna Radziszewska | University of Łódź |
| 2020 | Stefan Dziembowski | University of Warsaw |
| 2020 | Sebastian Faust | Technische Universität Darmstadt |
| 2018 | Stefan Anker | Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin |
| 2018 | Piotr Ponikowski | Wrocław Medical University |
| 2016 | Agnieszka Chacińska | University of Warsaw |
| 2016 | Peter Rehling | University of Göttingen |
| 2014 | Marek Żukowski | University of Gdańsk |
| 2014 | Harald Weinfurter | TU Wien |
| 2012 | Jacek Błażewicz | Poznań University of Technology |
| 2012 | Erwin Pesch | University of Siegen |
| 2010 | Alfred Forchel | University of Würzburg |
| 2010 | Jan Misiewicz | Wrocław University of Technology |
| 2008 | Andrzej Sobolewski | Polish Academy of Sciences |
| 2008 | Wolfgang Domcke | Technical University of Munich |
| 2006 | Barbara Malinowska | University of Warsaw |
| 2006 | Eberhard Schlicker | University of Bonn |
# Novi Grad, Sevnica

Novi Grad (pronounced; German: Obererkenstein) is a small settlement in the Municipality of Sevnica in central Slovenia. It lies in the hills south of Vrhovo. The area is part of the historical region of Lower Carniola and is now included in the Lower Sava Statistical Region.
# Kabmun Ali

Kabmun Ali (Persian: كابمون علي, also Romanized as Kābmūn ʿAlī) is a village in Dehdasht-e Sharqi Rural District, in the Central District of Kohgiluyeh County, Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 72, in 12 families.
# Bamuni Dam Tang-e Divan-e Mahtab

Bamuni Dam Tang-e Divan-e Mahtab (Persian: بموني دم تنگ ديون مهتاب, also Romanized as Bamūnī Dam Tang-e Dīvan-e Mahtāb) is a village in Tayebi-ye Sarhadi-ye Sharqi Rural District, Charusa District, Kohgiluyeh County, Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 38, in 6 families.
# Ruch-e Sofla, Qazvin

Ruch-e Sofla (Persian: روچ سفلي, also Romanized as Rūch-e Soflá) is a village in Alamut-e Pain Rural District, Rudbar-e Alamut District, Qazvin County, Qazvin Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 78, in 33 families.
# Al-Da'ais

Al-Da'ais (Arabic: الدعيس) is a sub-district located in Ba'dan District, Ibb Governorate, Yemen. Al-Da'ais had a population of 9790 as of 2004.