OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# BD+20 2457

BD+20 2457 is a 10th-magnitude K-type bright giant star located approximately 4,800 light-years away in the constellation of Leo. The name refers to the Bonner Durchmusterung star catalog. This star contains a very small amount of metals, containing only 10% as enriched with elements heavier than hydrogen and helium as the Sun.
On June 10, 2009, two planets were announced to be orbiting the star, with minimum masses 21.4 and 12.5 times the mass of Jupiter and orbital periods of 380 and 622 days for the inner and outer planets, respectively. A dynamical analysis reveals that the proposed system is unstable on astronomically short timescales and so the suggested planetary configuration is unlikely to be correct: further data is needed to determine a physically plausible explanation for the radial velocity variations. This conclusion of a dynamical unstable system depends on the planets masses. A later study found lower masses, which could increase the long-term stability.
A study from 2021 using Gaia identified BD+20 2457 as a halo star on a retrograde orbit around the Milky Way with a highly eccentric orbit. The researchers constrain the minimum age and the stars upper mass to ≥8 billion years and ≤1 M$_☉$. This decreases the mass of the planets to 13 M$_J$ (BD+20 2457 b) and 7 M$_J$ (BD+20 2457 c). The chemical abundances also suggest that the star formed from the Milky Ways protodisk. As an alternative it could have formed from debris of the Gaia-Enceladus galaxy as it merged with the Milky Way. If BD+20 2457 formed from the Gaia-Enceladus debris, then the star and its planets could have an extragalactic origin.
# Magloire Ambroise

Magloire Ambroise (1774 in Jacmel, Saint-Domingue – December 7, 1807 in Port-au-Prince), was a hero of the Haitian Independence. His military career began in the colonial army.

## Life

During the War of Knives between Toussaint Louverture in the North against the mulattoes leader André Rigaud in the South (1799–1801), Magloire saved the lives of hundred of respected families in Jacmel. As a result, he was regarded as a hero by the people of that town at this time. In 1802, Jean-Jacques Dessalines named him commander of Jacmel. However, the French troops captured the town as they did in many towns in the country at that time. In 1803, Magloire Ambroise put a siege in Jacmel. The siege was over on October 17, 1803, when the French troops surrendered and were allowed by Magloire's troops to board a British warship.
In 1804, Magloire Ambroise was one of the generals who signed the independence act. In February 1806, by the order of Dessalines, Magloire Ambroise received Francisco de Miranda (a South American leader who fought to liberate Latin America from Spanish rule) and gave Miranda munitions and men to fight the Spaniards. the following month, March 12, 1806, the Venezuelan flag was born in the harbor of Jacmel. In Venezuela, this day is celebrated as flag's day. Notice also the Venezuelan flag has red and blue which symbolizes their friendship with Haiti.
In 1807, Magloire Ambroise became president of the senate and his troops even named him president of the republic. however, he didn't accept this offer. He was arrested by general Bonnet under the order of Alexandre Pétion. he died in prison on December 7, 1807. some sources say he committed suicide while other claim Pétion killed him in prison. In fact, after his death Pétion became the new head of the senate and later became president of the Republic.
# Crossing the river by touching the stones

Crossing the river by touching the stones (simplified Chinese: 摸着石头过河; traditional Chinese: 摸著石頭過河), or crossing the river by feeling the stones, touching the stone to cross the river, is originally a folk saying, complete with two expressions, crossing the river by touching the stones - step steadily, then take a step; crossing the river by touching the stones - seeking stability. It is borrowed to denote a scientific method of work, indicating a steady attitude of exploration in the face of new things.

## Origin

"Crossing the river by touching the stones" is a slogan initially put forward by Chen Yun, one of the leaders of the Chinese Communist Party. It was originally coined at the administrative meeting of the State Council of the Central People's Government on April 7, 1950, where Chen Yun pointed out: price rise was not good, fall was also bad for production. We should "cross the river by touching the stones", it was better to be stable.
Although Chen first proposed the phrase, it has always been associated with Deng Xiaoping, who is known for his adherence to the reform philosophy of "crossing the river by touching the stones".

## Definition

Crossing the river by touching the stones means "to take one step and look around before taking another". It is a programmatic attitude toward China's reform and opening up. China's leaders often cite this popular metaphor to describe the path they have followed in economic reform. The idea is similar to risk tradeoff analysis or "risk risk" (how reducing some risks can increase others), with added emphasis on the importance of past experience.

## Methods

The methods of "crossing the river by feeling the stones" include allowing farmers to grow and sell their own crops while maintaining state ownership of the land; removing investment restrictions in "special economic zones" but retaining them in other parts of China; or introducing privatization by initially selling only minority stakes in state-owned enterprises.
# John Henwood

John Bray Henwood (born 30 August 1972) is a New Zealand long-distance runner. He competed in the men's 10,000 metres at the 2004 Summer Olympics.
# Léontine Stevens

Léontine Stevens (12 August 1907 – 16 October 1998) was a Belgian sprinter. She competed in the women's 4 × 100 metres relay at the 1928 Summer Olympics and finished tenth in the women's high jump.
# Gaétan Gope-Iwate

Gaétan Gope-Iwate, sometimes spelled Gaéton, (born 5 October 1998) is a New Caledonian footballer who plays as a defender for New Caledonian club Magenta and the New Caledonian national team.

## Club career

Gope-Iwate started his career in the youth of FC Auteuil-Dumbea. In 2015 he moved to the first team and made his debut. In 2017 he moved to New Caledonian powerhouse AS Wetr.

## International career

In 2017 Gope-Iwate was called up by François Tartas for the New Caledonia national football team to play at the 2017 Pacific Mini Games. He made his debut on December 2, 2017, in a 2–1 loss against Vanuatu where he played the whole 90 minutes. So far, Gope-Iwate scored two goals for the national team. He scored those two goals on December 9, 2017 in a 4-2 victory over Tonga.
# Dynamitard

A dynamitard was a person who used explosives for violence against the state, and is a niche metaphor for a revolutionary in politics, culture or social affairs.

## Bombers

First appearing in English language newspapers in 1882, the word was understood to be a French expression applied to political terrorists in France. In reality, dynamitard is not a formal French word; French newspapers had conjured it up as a disdainful variant of dynamiteur. It was soon applied to Burton and Cunningham, Irish-Americans who had planted explosives in London. "A term of opprobrium for some and endearment for others, the dynamitard was technically a political dynamiter, of the kind that bombed railway carriages and exploded devices in the House of Commons in the name of Irish freedom, chiefly in the early 1880s."

## Metaphorical sense

In nineteenth century politics the term came to be used, particularly by George Bernard Shaw, as metonymy for those who chose violent struggle — as opposed to gradual means — for achieving social revolution: a dynamitard was contrasted with a Fabian. Shaw himself, though a Fabian in politics, was described metaphorically as "a dynamitard among music and drama critics".

## In popular culture

Between 1889 and 1903 Stevenston Thistle, who played in the Ayrshire Football League and elsewhere, were known as The Dynamitards. They did not live up to their name, however, losing 7-2 to Clyde F.C. in the first round of the 1894–95 Scottish Cup.

## In high culture

Mocked as a neologism by Robert Louis and Fanny van de Grift Stevenson ("Any writard who writes dynamitard shall find in me a never-resting fightard"), its presence in dictionaries regretted by purists, there it has remained.
# Giuseppe Serembe

Giuseppe Serembe (Arbërisht: Zef Serembe; 6 March 1844 – 31 December 1901) was an Arbëresh lyric poet.
# Pir-e Sefid

Pir-e Sefid (Persian: پيرسفيد, also Romanized as Pīr-e Sefīd) is a village in Tayebi-ye Sarhadi-ye Sharqi Rural District, Charusa District, Kohgiluyeh County, Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 76, in 14 families.
# Dasmurt

Dasmurt (Persian: داسمورت, also Romanized as Dāsmūrt) is a village in Ahmadfedaleh Rural District, Sardasht District, Dezful County, Khuzestan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 53, in 6 families.
# Adam Christopher

Adam Christopher McGechan (born 2 February 1978 in Auckland, New Zealand), who writes under the name Adam Christopher, is a New York Times Bestselling novelist known for his genre fiction. Born in New Zealand, he moved to North West England in 2006, where he lives with his wife.

## Career

Christopher has released several books through Angry Robot and Tor Books. He has also worked as an editor for nine issues of Time/Space Visualiser, the journal of the New Zealand Doctor Who Fan Club, from 2003 to 2009. In 2010, he won a Sir Julius Vogel Award for Best Fan Publication for TSV.
# Somghan

Somghan (Persian: سمغان) is a village in, and the capital of, Somghan Rural District of the Central District of Kuhchenar County, Fars province, Iran. The previous capital of the rural district was the village of Malay-e Anbar.

## Demographics
### Population

At the time of the 2006 National Census, the village's population was 2,128 in 414 households, when it was in the former Chenar Shahijan District of Kazerun County. The following census in 2011 counted 1,677 people in 447 households. The 2016 census measured the population of the village as 1,188 people in 336 households.
In 2018, the rural district was separated from the county in the establishment of Kuhchenar County and was transferred to the new Central District.
# Hatomim

Hatomim (Hebrew: התמים) was a scholarly journal published by the Chabad-Lubavitch Hasidic movement. The journal was published under the direction of the sixth Rebbe of Chabad, Rabbi Yosef Yitzchak Schneersohn. The journal published articles on Chabad philosophy and Talmud.

## History

Hatomim was the first Hasidic publication to publish a photograph of a Hasidic Rebbe. The first was a portrait-photograph of Rabbi Yosef Yitzchak Schneersohn, the sixth Chabad Rebbe. It was published in a 1936 edition marking the Rebbe's liberation from Soviet imprisonment.

## Editors

The editors-in-chief of Hatomim were:
* Rabbi Yechezkal Faigen, Chassidism
* Rabbi Yehuda Eber, Talmud
* Rabbi Shmuel Zalmanov, General editor
The seventh Chabad Rebbe, Rabbi Menachem Mendel Schneerson, was also involved in editing the journal.

## Publication

The journal ran from 1935 to 1938 and a collection of Hatomim was later reprinted in book form by the central Chabad publishing house, Kehot Publication Society. Editions of Hatomim include:
* Kfar Chabad, Israel (1971)
* Brooklyn, New York (1975)
# Voznesensky District

Voznesensky District (Russian: Вознесе́нский райо́н) is an administrative district (raion), one of the forty in Nizhny Novgorod Oblast, Russia. Municipally, it is incorporated as Voznesensky Municipal District. It is located in the southwest of the oblast. The area of the district is 1,302.9 square kilometers (503.1 sq mi). Its administrative center is the urban locality (a work settlement) of Voznesenskoye. Population: 17,352 (2010 Census); 19,790 (2002 Census); 22,538 (1989 Soviet census). The population of Voznesenskoye accounts for 39.1% of the district's total population.

## History

The district was established in 1929.
# Willebroek

Willebroek (Dutch pronunciation:, old spelling: Willebroeck, also French: Willebrouck) is a municipality located in the Belgian province of Antwerp. The municipality comprises the towns of Blaasveld [nl], Heindonk, Tisselt [nl], Klein Willebroek, and Willebroek proper. In 2021, Willebroek had a total population of 27,081. The total area is 27.41 km$^2$.
Willebroek is linked to Brussels by the Willebroek Canal.
Willebroek is also home to the Kanaalfeesten, a yearly festival that takes place throughout the town which includes live concerts (mostly of local bands) and general festival attractions, like a mini roller coaster, a duck shoot, etc. At Klein-Willebroek the Harmonium Art museuM on pump organs is established in the former Church of the Immaculate Conception.
Its iconic bridge over the Willebroek Canal was infamous for the traffic jams it caused, even making it the subject of a song: De Brug van Willebroek by Wannes Van de Velde.
# Panjshanbeh Bazar, Dashtiari

Panjshanbeh Bazar (Persian: پنجشنبه بازار, also Romanized as Panjshanbeh Bāzār; also known as Panjshanbeh) is a village in Bahu Kalat Rural District, Dashtiari District, Chabahar County, Sistan and Baluchestan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 172, in 38 families.
# Ras Ghareb

Ra's Ghareb (Arabic: راس غارب Rās Ġāreb pronounced) is the northernmost of the markazes (municipalities) in the Red Sea Governorate, Egypt, situated on the African side of the Gulf of Suez. It has an area of 10,464.46 km². At the 2006 Egyptian national census, the population numbered 32,369. It is one of the leading centers of petroleum production in Egypt, having housed the main operations for first the Anglo-Egyptian Oil Company (a branch of Royal Dutch Shell) and then the Egyptian national petroleum company. For a time it was the capital of the Red Sea Governorate.
# DeLange

DeLange is a contraction of the Dutch surname De Lange (meaning "the tall one"). It may refer to:
* Eddie DeLange, American bandleader
* Ilse DeLange, Dutch singer
* François Delange, Belgian physician and thyroid researcher
* Raymond Delange (1898-1976), French Army general
# Sirio Vernati

Sirio Vernati (12 May 1907 – 22 February 1993) was a Swiss footballer who played for Switzerland in the 1938 FIFA World Cup. He also played for FC Zürich, Grasshopper Club Zürich, FC Luzern, and Young Fellows Zürich.
# Lochen (Swabian Jura)

The Lochen is a mountain of Baden-Württemberg, Germany. It is located in Zollernalbkreis, southwestern Germany, and part of the mountain range Swabian Jura. Gerhard Bersu work in 1923 on the Lochen. In 2024 Martin Bartelheim und Marc Heise excavate on the terrain.
    until 2025
# Manifesto of the Algerian People

On February 10, 1943, Ferhat Abbas published the Manifesto of the Algerian People (French: Manifeste du peuple algérien), which called for a new status for the “Algerian Nation” and was signed by 28 elected Muslim officials.
The manifesto condemns colonialism and asserts the right for the Algerian people to self govern. It demands the drafting of a constitution that guarantees liberty and equality for all people regardless of race and religion, the recognition of Arabic as an official language with the same status as French, and freedom of religion with the separation of church and state. Its addendum calls for the creation of an Algerian Assembly at the end of the war. It suggests that “Algeria be an autonomous state federated with France...after a series of measures breaking with the colonial government, through negotiation with the French authorities”.
The text embodies the accomplishments of both the followers of Messali Hadj and those of Ferhat Abbas. It establishes, according to Benjamin Stora's expression, the political majority of the Algerian people.
The Manifesto was given on March 31, 1943 (and its addendum in May 1943) to the general governor Marchen Peyrouton. Charles de Gaulle arrived and called for the end of the project. On June 23, 1943, the general Catroux, the new general governor of Algeria, rejected the Manifesto.
The AML (Amis du Manifeste des libertés, or, the Friends of the Manifesto and Liberty) was created in March 1944 to defend it.

## Context

During World War II, taking advantage of German-occupied France and of Operation Torch, that is, the Anglo-American landing in Algiers in 1942, Ferhat Abbas, would unite all the Algerian political forces (elected members of the Algerian People's Party (PPA) and of the Ulama) around a common political project: the manifesto of the Algerian people.
On January 17, 1943 members of the PPA and of the ulama as well as several Muslim representatives met at the house of the lawyer and politician Ahmed Boumendjel in Algiers.
Ferhat Abbas was enlisted to write the text of the manifesto, which he would write in Sétif in a room above his pharmacy.
# Viktor Zavolskiy

Viktor Zavolskiy (born 28 July 1990) is a Russian sprint canoer who has competed since the late 2000s. He won a silver medal in the K-1 4 x 200 m event at the 2011 ICF Canoe Sprint World Championships in Szeged and a bronze medal in the K-1 4 x 200 m event at the 2010 ICF Canoe Sprint World Championships in Poznań.
# Mohamed Babiker Yagoub

Mohamed Babiker Yagoub (born 2 September 1977) is a Sudanese middle-distance runner. He competed in the men's 800 metres at the 1996 Summer Olympics. Yagoub, who is an ethnic Fur and native of Darfur, has a nephew named Waleed Suliman currently running for the University of Mississippi.
# Paralia, Achaea

Paralia (Greek: Παραλία, Paralía, meaning "beach") is a town and a former municipality in the municipality of Patras, Achaea, West Greece, Greece.
Since the 2011 local government reform it is part of the municipality Patras, of which it is a municipal unit. The municipal unit has an area of 11.978 km$^2$. It is a suburb of Patras, about 6 km southwest of the city centre. The town population is about 5,400. It was a popular beach resort for residents of Patras area till mid '80s. The new Greek National Road 9 (Patras - Pyrgos) runs south of the town.
The railway Patras - Pyrgos runs parallel to the coast, at about 200 m from the shore.

## Population history

| Year | Town population | Municipality population |
| 1981 | 2,730 | - |
| 1991 | 3,122 | 5,667 |
| 2001 | 6,124 | 9,156 |
| 2011 | 6,336 | 9,987 |
| 2021 | 5,378 | 8,903 |

## Subdivisions

The municipal unit Paralia is subdivided into the following communities:
* Mintilogli
* Paralia
* Roitika
# Andrei Iakovlev

Andrei Iakovlev (born 18 August 1992) is a Russian tennis player.
Iakovlev has a career high ATP singles ranking of 1415 achieved on 20 September 2010.
Iakovlev made his ATP main draw debut at the 2010 St. Petersburg Open in the doubles draw partnering Alexander Zhurbin.
# Lamport (surname)

Lamport is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Allan A. Lamport, Mayor of Toronto
* Felicia Lamport (1916–1999), American poet and satirist
* Leslie Lamport, American computer scientist
* Paul H. Lamport (1907–1984), American businessman
* Stephen Lamport (born 1951), British diplomat
* William Lamport (1615–1659), Irish Catholic adventurer
* William H. Lamport (1811–1891), American politician
* William James Lamport, co-founder of the Lamport and Holt shipping line
# Stephan Lauener

Stephan Lauener (1898–1988) was a Swiss skier. He competed at the 1928 Winter Olympics in St. Moritz, where he placed 13th in Nordic combined. He placed sixth in ski jumping at the FIS Nordic World Ski Championships 1925.
# Aminabad, Rasht

Aminabad (Persian: امين اباد, also Romanized as Amīnābād) is a village in Hajji Bekandeh-ye Koshk-e Bijar Rural District, Khoshk-e Bijar District, Rasht County, Gilan Province, Iran. According to the 2006 census, its population was 681, residing in 195 families.
# Jeokseon-dong

Jeokseon-dong is a dong (neighborhood) of Jongno District, Seoul, South Korea. It is a legal dong (법정동 法定洞) administered under its administrative dong (행정동 行政洞), Sajik-dong.
# Joel Lok

Joel Lok (born September 6, 1994) is a Singaporean-Australian actor born in Singapore and based in Melbourne, starring in the Australian film in 2007, The Home Song Stories, as the young character, Tom. Joel is the youngest actor to receive an IF Award for his performance in this film. He is also known for starring in the 2013 Australian TV series Nowhere Boys as Andrew "Andy" Lau.

## Filmography

| Year | Title | Role | Notes |
| 2007 | The Home Song Stories | Tom | Debut Film |
| 2016 | Nowhere Boys: The Book of Shadows | Andy Lau | |

## Television

| Year | Title | Role | Notes |
| 2007 | Thank God You're Here | Additional | 1 Episode |
| 2009/2010 | Sea Patrol | Tiken/Gisang | 2 Episodes |
| 2012 | Tangle | Year 8 Church Boy | 1 Episode |
| 2013-2015 | Nowhere Boys | Andy Lau | 23 Episodes |
# Carl A. Muller

Adam Carl Muller (November 27, 1913 – December 21, 1991) was a politician from Alberta, Canada. He served in the Legislative Assembly of Alberta from 1967 to 1971 as a member of the Social Credit caucus in government.

## Political career

Muller ran for a seat to the Alberta Legislature in the 1967 Alberta general election. He ran as the Social Credit candidate in the electoral district of Pembina. He defeated Progressive Conservative candidate Edward Samuel by 800 votes to hold the district for his party.
Muller retired from provincial politics at dissolution of the legislature in 1971.
# Anton Foliforov

Anton Foliforov (born 3 January 1981) is a Russian mountain bike orienteer. He won an individual gold medal at the 2010 World MTB Orienteering Championships, and won gold medals with the Russian relay team in 2009 and 2010.
# Al-Sadr (Ibb)

Al-Sadr (Arabic: الصدر) is a sub-district located in Hubaysh District, Ibb Governorate, Yemen. Al-Sadr had a population of 2730 according to the 2004 census.
# Kazayak

Kazayak (Russian: Казаяк; Bashkir: Ҡаҙаяҡ, Qaźayaq) is a rural locality (a selo) in Krasnovoskhodsky Selsoviet, Iglinsky District, Bashkortostan, Russia. The population was 878 as of 2010. There are 14 streets.

## Geography

Kazayak is located 72 km northeast of Iglino (the district's administrative centre) by road. Novobakayevo is the nearest rural locality.
# Theo Perret

Theo Perret (6 July 1915 – 26 July 2008) was a Swiss racing cyclist. He rode in the 1938 Tour de France.
# Hruševica

Hruševica (pronounced; Italian: Crussevizza) is a small village southwest of Štanjel in the Municipality of Komen in the Littoral region of Slovenia next to the border with Italy.
The local church is dedicated to Saint Joseph and belongs to the Parish of Štanjel.
# Katipunan ng mga Anak-Pawis sa Pilipinas

The Katipunan ng mga Anak-Pawis sa Pilipinas (KAP) (English: Proletarian Labor Congress of the Philippines) was the third trade union federation in the Philippines. It was formed in 1929 after an antagonistic national convention of the Congreso Obrero de Filipinas (COF, "Philippine Labor Congress") where election results were manipulated, causing Crisanto Evangelista and his faction to split from the COF. In 1930, the KAP changed its name to Partido Komunista ng Pilipinas after it initiated the formation of a "mass political party" and questions arose regarding its name.
Aside from Evangelista, other leaders of the KAP included Guillermo Capadocia, Manuel R. Joven, Mariano P. Balgos, and Pedro G. Castro. Evidently, the KAP persisted in some form or another after the establishment of the Partido Komunista ng Pilipinas. Felixberto Olalia is mentioned as its Secretary-General in 1939.