OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Cheryomushki District

Cheryomushki District (Russian: райо́н Черёмушки, derived from "черёмуха", meaning "bird cherry tree"), formerly Brezhnevsky District, is a district of South-Western Administrative Okrug of the federal city of Moscow, Russia. Population: 102,619 (2010 Census); 89,264 (2002 Census).
The district is delimited by Nakhimovsky Avenue (north), Obrucheva Street (south), Sevastopolsky Avenue (east), Profsoyuznaya Street, and Vlasova Street (west). The district is mostly residential, with an industrial area near Kaluzhskaya metro station. It houses the old Gazprom headquarters.

## History

In 1956, the northern side of the district became a site of a massive, cheap housing construction (known as Khrushchyovka) and a microdistrict was built there. Cheryomushki became a common word for such housing projects. The Soviet-era buildings in this area were torn down in the 1990s-2000s and replaced with high-rises, also of standardized prefabricated concrete.
Following the death of leader Leonid Brezhnev, the district was renamed Brezhnevsky District (Брежневский район) in his honour. In 1989 the name was changed back to Cheryomushki.
In the early 1980s, the government built a number of better quality, brickwork apartment buildings that acquired a reputation of, by local standards, elite housing, and called Tsarskoye Selo (Царское село, Royal village). In the 1990s, it served as a nucleus of a massive new housing construction project between Garibaldi Street and Gazprom tower.

## Politics

The head of the local government, Sergey Burkotov, was shot dead in February 2007, in what appears to have been an assassination.

## Public transportation

The western side of the district is accessible by the Kaluzhsko-Rizhskaya Line of the Moscow Metro (stations Profsoyuznaya to Kaluzhskaya). The eastern side is also accessible through the Serpukhovsko-Timiryazevskaya Line (Sevastopolskaya, Nakhimovsky Prospekt).

## Economy

Gazprom has its head office in the district. The airline Aero Rent has its head office in the district.

## In popular culture

The Cheryomushki district was immortalized by Shostakovich in his immensely popular operetta Moscow, Cheryomushki. In the operetta, the cheap housing in the district is portrayed ironically as a 'dream come true' for Muscovites who had lost their houses in other, more traditional, parts of Moscow. The operetta satirizes the corruption and bureaucracy of the Soviet state through hilariously observed caricatures.
Cheryomushki is also prominently mentioned in the popular film The Irony of Fate, which is traditionally shown on New Year's Eve in Russia and other states of the former USSR. The key subplot of the film is the drab uniformity of Brezhnev era public architecture.
# D'Alessandro

D'Alessandro, Dalessandro, or Dallesandro is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

## D'Alessandro

* Andrés D'Alessandro (born 1981), Argentine footballer
* Deanna D'Alessandro, Australian chemist
* Dominic D'Alessandro (born 1947), Italian former CEO of Manulife Financial
* Franco D'Alessandro (born 1967/1969), American playwright
* Jorge D'Alessandro (born 1949), Argentine former footballer
* Lorenzo d'Alessandro (died 1503), Italian painter and interpreter
* Luciano D'Alessandro (born 1977), Venezuelan actor
* Marco D'Alessandro (born 1991), Italian footballer
* Matteo D'Alessandro (born 1989), Italian footballer
* Mercedes D'Alessandro (born 1978), Argentine writer and economist
* Pete D'Alessandro, General Manager of the Sacramento Kings of the NBA
* Toni Dalli (born name Antonio D'Alessandro, 1933–2021), Italian musician and restaurant owner

## D'Alesandro

* Thomas D'Alesandro Jr. (1903–1987), American politician
* Thomas D'Alesandro III (1929–2019), American politician
* Nancy D'Alesandro Pelosi (born 1940), American politician and former Speaker of the House of Representatives

## Dalessandro

* Andrea Dalessandro, American politician
* David Dalessandro, University of Pittsburgh administrator
* James Dalessandro (born 1948), American writer and filmmaker
* Peter J. Dalessandro (1918–1997), United States Army Medal of Honor awardee
* Robert J. Dalessandro (born 1958), American historian and author

## Dallesandro

* Joe Dallesandro (born 1948), American actor
# County of Nevers

The County of Nevers (French: Comté de Nevers) was a county in central France. Its principal town was Nevers. It roughly corresponds to the later province of Nivernais and the modern of department of Nièvre.
The county itself dates from approximately the beginning of the 10th century. The county has frequently been associated with the neighboring Duchy of Burgundy; it was included among the lands and titles held by Duke Henry I of Burgundy. Beginning with Renauld I, the county was held jointly with that of the County of Auxerre. Nevers came under the rule of the count of Flanders in the 14th century, and from there, into the possessions of Duke Philip the Bold of Burgundy, briefly reuniting the two lands. Philip's younger son Philip II was granted the County of Nevers, passing later into the possession of a cadet branch of the dukes of Cleves. The count was raised to duke in 1539. In 1565 Louis Gonzaga became duke of Nivernais by marriage with Henriette of Cleves. His successor Charles II sold the duchy to Cardinal Mazarin. The duchy survived until the French Revolution, the last duke being Louis Jules Mancini Mazarini, who lost his title in the Revolution, but survived the Reign of Terror to die of natural causes in 1798.
# Alyutors

The Alyutors (Russian: Алюторцы; self designation: Алутальу, or Alutal'u; Alyutor: нэмэлу, nəməlʔu;) are an ethnic group (formerly classified as a subgroup of Koryaks) who live on the Kamchatka Peninsula and Chukchi Peninsula of the Russian Far East. Today most of them live in Koryak Okrug of Kamchatka Krai.
The name also occurs as Olyutors or Olutors, as well as Olyutorka, a settlement where many of the Alyutor people formerly lived.
According to the 2010 Russian Census, 482 people identified as Alyutors, but some estimates suggest that there could be approximately 2,000 to 3,000 of them living in Russia in the present day.

## Language

Alyutors spoke the Alyutor language (also known as Nymylan language), which belongs to the Chukotko-Kamchatkan language family; however less than 10% of the Alyutors still speak it. Most present Alyutors instead speak Koryak and Russian. Today, many Russian experts believe it to be a separate language, though it was previously considered a dialect of the Koryak language.

## History

The Alyutors are mentioned in the very first chronicles about the Russian colonisation of Kamchatka. In 1697, the Russian Cossacks imposed taxes on the Alyutors, who would show armed resistance in the next few years. After the suppression of the 1751 uprising, the number of the Alyutors significantly decreased. Also, they were constantly under attack from the Chukchis, who often confiscated their reindeer herds. In the late 18th century, the Alyutors were an isolated and secluded group of people, which helped them to avoid the smallpox epidemics almost unharmed. Also, such isolation helped them to preserve their traditional way of life.
Traditionally the Alyutors were engaged in reindeer breeding, fishing, trapping, and hunting. They positioned their settlements along the rivers on elevated spots with good visibility around them. Octagonal earth houses with vertical walls meant for 3 to 5 families were the only type of housing among the Alyutors up until the 19th century. Beginning in the 1950s and continuing through the 1970s, Alyutor children were sent to boarding schools which increased their loss of the Alyutor language and decreased their training in Alyutor traditions. Many Alyutors became teachers, doctors, geologists, and zoo technicians during the Soviet period.
Presently, the Alyutor traditions, culture, and art are endangered because of the decreases in reindeer population and reproduction caused by the worsening ecology of the region. Most Alyutors are practitioners of shamanism and Orthodox Christianity.
# Natalie Kanyapak Phoksomboon

Natalie Kanyapak Phoksomboon (Thai: นาตาลี กัญญาภัค โภคสมบูรณ์; born January 31, 1991) or Natalie Gnehm, is a Thai-Swiss model and beauty pageant titleholder, who won Miss Thailand World 2013. She was crowned Miss Thailand World 2013 on April 9, 2013 by Vanessa Herrmann, Miss Thailand World 2012.

## Career
### Miss Thai Europa 2011

Phoksomboon was crowned Miss Thai Europa on March 4, 2011 by Sirirat Rueangsri, Miss Thailand World 2010, as the most beautiful Thai origin in Europe. Sirirat Rueangsri was the inspiration for Phoksomboon to apply for Miss Thailand World pageant in 2013.

### Miss World 2013

She represented Thailand in Miss World 2013 in Bali, Indonesia. She placed 1st Runner-up for Multimedia Award, the first time for Thailand to place in the top 3 for the Multimedia Award at Miss World.
# Democratic Union (Russia)

Democratic Union (Russian: Демократический союз) was the first official political opposition party in the Soviet Union. It was founded on 8 May 1988 by a group of Soviet dissidents including Valeriya Novodvorskaya, Sergei Grigoryants and Yevgeniya Debryanskaya.
Practical preparation for the first constituent congress of the party was carried out in a country house at the Kratovo station near Moscow, where human rights activist Sergei Grigoryants lived. One of the meetings of the constituent congress was held on the platform of this station. The party gained fame thanks to the full-scale party newspaper Svobodnoye Slovo, which was distributed throughout the USSR, with a weekly circulation in 1991 of 55,000 copies.
The party has become known after a series of unsanctioned demonstrations organized and consistently taking place from 1988 to 1991 in Moscow and Leningrad (Saint Petersburg), with the protesters getting arrested. The party charter specifies the main goals of the organization (among others) as follows:
* Popularization of liberal ideas
* Strengthening the rule of law
* Supporting liberal reforms
* Support and protection of private property
* Fighting against occurrence of communism, nazism, fascism, and socialism.
The main statutory task of the party "liquidation of the totalitarian state" was accomplished in 1991, after which the party's program, tested in political battles, was actually copied by all parties officially registered in the territory of the former USSR.
In 2014, after the death of the leader of the movement, Valeriya Novodvorskaya, the movement ceased to exist.
# Andreas A. Miaoulis

Andreas A. Miaoulis (Greek: Ανδρέας Α. Μιαούλης; born 1830) was a Greek naval officer, hailing from the historic Hydriot Miaoulis family. He was the son of Antonios Miaoulis and relative of Andreas Miaoulis, the Greek navy's chief admiral during the Greek War of Independence.

## Biography

He was born on the island of Hydra in 1830. He attended the Navy School and was commissioned as a sublieutenant in 1854. He was one of the first Greek officers to study hydrography, a largely ignored subject (considered as "irrelevant" by most), for which he was derisively nicknamed "the teacher". His obsession with the subject, taking regular depth and sea temperature measurements, resulted in his dismissal "for abandoning his position" in the same year. He was placed on the reserve list, from which he was also expelled barely two years later. A decade later, in 1866, when the importance of hydrography had become apparent, he was recalled to active duty. As captain of the ship Methoni, he further enhanced his knowledge on the subject by onberving the measurements made by the British hydrographer Arthur Mansell in the Euripus Strait.
Miaoulis was the first Greek hydrographer, and discovered the namesake reef in the Ionian Sea. He published papers concerning the tidal currents in the Euripus Strait, as well as those predicted for the new canal at the Isthmus of Corinth.
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# Roi Et Hospital

Roi Et Hospital (Thai: โรงพยาบาลร้อยเอ็ด) is the main hospital of Roi Et Province, Thailand. It is classified under the Ministry of Public Health as a regional hospital. It has a CPIRD Medical Education Center which trains doctors for the Faculty of Medicine of Mahasarakham University. It is an affiliated teaching hospital of the Faculty of Medicine Vajira Hospital, Navamindradhiraj University.

## History

The foundation stone of Roi Et Hospital was laid on 5 September 1940 on the grounds of the Old Suea Pa Club. The building was completed and opened to the public on 24 June 1941. In 2009, the hospital made an agreement to train medical students and act as a clinical teaching hospital for the Faculty of Medicine, Mahasarakham University under the Collaborative Project to Increase Production of Rural Doctors (CPIRD) program.
# Podilsk

Podilsk (Ukrainian: Подільськ, pronounced; Romanian: Bârzula or Bârzu), until May 2016 Kotovsk (Ukrainian: Котовськ, Russian: Котовск) is a city in Odesa Oblast, southern Ukraine. Administratively, Podilsk serves as the administrative center of Podilsk Raion, one of seven districts of Odesa Oblast. It also hosts the administration of Podilsk urban hromada, one of the hromadas of Ukraine.
It had a population of 39,220 (2022 estimate). In 2001, it had a population of 40,718. It is the largest city in the northern part of Odesa Oblast.

## History

Birzula was first mentioned in Ottoman documents in 1772 as one of the settlements of the Dubossar raya. The Russian-Italian physicist Gleb Wataghin was born in Birzula in 1899.
The city is known as the place where Soviet military leader Grigori Kotovsky was buried in a mausoleum. In 1935, the city was renamed Kotovsk after him; formerly the settlement bore the name Birzula. The mausoleum was later destroyed during the Romanian occupation of Transnistria. The monument was (again) dismantled in June 2017 to comply with decommunization laws.
A Vladimir Lenin statue in Kotovsk was pushed off its pedestal and broken into several pieces on 9 December 2013. On 21 May 2016, Verkhovna Rada adopted decision to rename Kotovsk to Podilsk and Kotovsk Raion to Podilsk Raion according to the laws prohibiting names of Communist origin.
Until 18 July 2020, Podilsk was incorporated as a city of oblast significance and served as the administrative center of Podilsk Raion though it did not belong to the raion. In July 2020, as part of the administrative reform of Ukraine, which reduced the number of raions of Odesa Oblast to seven, the city of Podilsk was merged into Podilsk Raion.

## Demographics

According to the 2001 Ukrainian census, Podilsk had a population of 40,664 inhabitants. Ethnic Ukrainians account for over 80% of the population, 10% refer to themselves as Russians, and 5% are Moldovans. The exact distribution of the population by ethnicity was:
Ethnic composition of Podilsk (formerly Kotovsk)
percent
Ukrainians
82.25%
Russians
10.34%
Moldovans
5.12%
Belarusians
0.46%
Bulgarians
0.20%
Armenians
0.15%
Ashkenazi Jews
0.14%
Poles
0.08%
Gagauz
0.06% :
Native language composition according to the 2001 Ukrainian census:
Native languages in Podilsk
percent
Ukrainian
70.3%
Russian
26.5%
"Moldovan" (Romanian)
2.3%
Romani
0.3%
Belarusian
0.1%
others
0.3% :

## Transportation

The city has a major railway station and depot on the Odesa—Zhmerynka line (a stretch of the Rozdilna—Poberezhzhia line).

## Notable people

* Nikolai Morshen, Russian second-wave émigré poet and translator of American poetry into Russian
* Volodymyr Muntyan, Soviet and Ukrainian midfielder of the 1960s and 1970s
* Viktor Seliverstov, Russian political figure and deputy of the 7th and 8th State Dumas
* Gleb Wataghin, famous Ukrainian-Italian theoretical and experimental physicist
* Valentyn Zghursky, head of the executive committee of the Kyiv City Council

## Gallery

* Podilla Hotel in Podilsk
* Pharmacy
* City park
# Socialist Democratic Vanguard Party

The Socialist Democratic Vanguard Party (French: Parti de l'avant-garde démocratique socialiste, PADS; Arabic: حزب الطليعة الديمقراطي الاشتراكي) is a political party in Morocco.

## History and profile

The party was founded in principle in 1991, after having previously emerged as a faction within the USFP named Socialist Union of Popular Forces – National Administrative Commission in 1983. The foundation was formalised in December 1993.
In the parliamentary election, held on 7 September 2007, the party was part of the PADS–CNI–PSU Union, that won 6 seats. The party is currently a member of the Federation of the Democratic Left, a successor entity of that alliance.
# Epiactis

Epiactis is a genus of sea anemones in the family Actiniidae. There are about nineteen recognised species and the type species is Epiactis prolifera.

## Taxonomy

A revision in 1989 determined that the genus Cnidopus was a synonym of Epiactis. At this time, two new species, E. lisbethae and E. fernaldi were described and E. ritteri was restored to the genus in which it was originally placed. Four species of Epiactis are known from the Pacific coast of North America, the external brooders E. prolifera and E. lisbethae which differ in sexuality and brooding periodicity, and the internal brooders E. ritteri and E. fernaldi, which differ in their cnidocyte armoury, sexuality and histology.

### Species

Twenty species of Epiactis have been recognized in the World Register of Marine Species:
* Epiactis adeliana Carlgren & Stephenson, 1929
* Epiactis arctica (Verrill, 1868)
* Epiactis australiensis Carlgren, 1950
* Epiactis brucei Carlgren, 1939
* Epiactis fernaldi Fautin & Chia, 1986
* Epiactis georgiana Carlgren, 1927
* Epiactis handi Larson & Daly, 2015
* Epiactis incerta Carlgren, 1921
* Epiactis irregularis Carlgren, 1951
* Epiactis japonica Verrill, 1869
* Epiactis lewisi Carlgren, 1940
* Epiactis lisbethae Fautin & Chia, 1986
* Epiactis marsupialis Carlgren, 1901
* Epiactis neozealandica Stephenson, 1918
* Epiactis nordmanni Carlgren, 1921
* Epiactis novozealandica Stephenson, 1918
* Epiactis prolifera Verrill, 1869
* Epiactis ritteri Torrey, 1902
* Epiactis thompsoni (Coughtrey, 1875)
* Epiactis vincentina Carlgren, 1939

## Description

These sea anemones have a substantial base and a smooth column. The margin and fosse are distinct and the sphincter well developed. The tentacles that surround the oral disc are short and unbranched and not narrower at the base. The longitudinal muscles of the tentacles and the radial muscles of the oral disc are usually ectodermal. The mesenteries in the gastroventicular cavity are arranged hexagonally and are greater in number at the base than at the margin. Twelve or more pairs of mesenteries are perfect and the gonads develop on these. The retractors are often very strong and are diffuse or restricted. The cnidocytes include spirocysts, basitriches and microbasic p-mastigophors. Juveniles develop in brood pouches or attached to the column.
# Ministry of Environment (Denmark)

Ministry of the Environment of Denmark (Danish: Miljøministeriet) is the Danish ministry in charge of almost all matters concerning environmental issues in Denmark. The head office is in Copenhagen.
Created in 1971 as the Ministry of Pollution Combating ("Ministeriet for forureningsbekæmpelse"), it changed its name in 1973 to the current Ministry of the Environment. However, from 1994 to 2005 it was known as the Ministry of Environment and Energy ("Miljø- og Energiministeriet"), as the ministry was merged with the Ministry of Energy. In 2005, the energy sector was detached again and the ministry reverted to the old name.
In a press release on 21 March 2007, the ministry announced that it would be hosting the COP-15 summit in 2009. COP 15 took place in Copenhagen from 7 December to 18 December 2009.

## Agencies and institutions

* Danmarks Miljøportal (The Danish Nature & Environment Portal)
* Geodatastyrelsen (Danish Geodata Agency)
* Naturstyrelsen (Danish Nature Agency) (created on 1 January 2011 by a merger of By- og Landskabsstyrelsen (City and Landscape Agency) and Danish Forest and Nature Agency (Skov- og Naturstyrelsen)).
* Miljøstyrelsen (Environment Agency)
* Natur- og Miljøklagenævnet (created on 1 January 2011 by a merger of Miljøklagenævnet and Naturklagenævnet)
# MUTYH-associated polyposis

MUTYH-associated polyposis (also known as MYH-associated polyposis) is an autosomal recessive polyposis syndrome. The disorder is caused by mutations in both alleles (genetic copies) of the DNA repair gene, MUTYH. The MUTYH gene encodes a base excision repair protein, which corrects oxidative damage to DNA. Affected individuals have an increased risk of colorectal cancer, precancerous colon polyps (adenomas) and an increased risk of several additional cancers. About 1–2 percent of the population possess a mutated copy of the MUTYH gene, and less than 1 percent of people have the MUTYH-associated polyposis syndrome. The presence of 10 or more colon adenomas should prompt consideration of MUTYH-associated polyposis, familial adenomatous polyposis and similar syndromes.

## Pathophysiology

MUTYH-associated polyposis is caused by a mutation of the MUTYH gene, which is located on chromosome 1. The condition may be caused by identical mutations affecting both copies of the gene (biallelic mutations) or where each allele is affected by different mutations (compound heterozygote).

## Treatment

Treatment is similar to familial adenomatous polyposis, which varies based on the extent of polyps.
All first degree relatives of individuals with the condition should undergo screening for MUTYH-associated polyposis. To identify risk for future offspring, screening should be offered to spouses of individuals affected by MUTYH-associated polyposis. If the spouse is a carrier of a mutation in MUTYH, then genetic counseling should be offered to the children as they approach adulthood.

## Epidemiology

Without surveillance or screening, between 80 and 90% of individuals with MUTYH-associated polyposis develop colorectal cancer.
# Cambaridae

The Cambaridae are the largest of the four families of freshwater crayfish, with over 400 species. Most of the species in the family are native to the United States east of the Great Divide and Mexico, but fewer range north to Canada, and south to Guatemala and Honduras. Three live on the island of Cuba. The species in the genus Cambaroides are only found outside North America, as they are restricted to eastern Asia.
A few species, including the invasive Procambarus clarkii and Faxonius rusticus, have been introduced to regions far outside their native range (both in North America and other continents). Conversely, many species have tiny ranges and are seriously threatened; a few are already extinct.
A 2006 molecular study suggested that the family Cambaridae may be paraphyletic, with the family Astacidae nested within it, and the status of the genus Cambaroides remains unclear.
The oldest fossils of the family are known from the Late Jurassic Morrison Formation of western North America.
# Patal-e Isin

Patal-e Isin (Persian: پاتل ايسين, also Romanized as Pātal-e Īsīn, Pā Tall-e Īsīn, and Pā-ye Tall-e Īsīn) is a village in Isin Rural District, in the Central District of Bandar Abbas County, Hormozgan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 1,318, in 235 families.