OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Amoebaean singing

Amoebaean singing is a type of singing competition originating in Ancient Greece. In it, a first party sings according to a topic and verse structure of their choosing. A second singer then responds with the same verse structure and on a related topic. This repeats until one side concedes or a third party can determine the winner.

## History

The form is believed to have been used by Greek shepherds to entertain themselves. Later, it would evolve into a judged competition, consisting of multiple rounds of singing between competitors. Competitors would be judged more favorably if they could continue a theme through multiple rounds.
The poet Theocritus relied heavily on Amoebaean singing, with it becoming his and his successors' "hallmark", according to David M. Halperin.

## Usage

Amoebaean singing can be seen in Theocritus' Idyll 5: The Goatherd and the Shepherd, in an exchange between the goatherd Comatas and the shepherd Lacon.
Comatas The Muses bear me greater love than Daphnis ere did see; And well they may, fort’other day they had two goats for me.
Lacon But Apollo loves me all as well, and an offering too have I, A fine fat ram a-batt’ning; for Apollo’s feast draws nigh.
# Steven Bernstrom

Steven Bernstrom (born 7 April 1991) is a Filipino professional rugby union footballer who played for NTT Docomo Red Hurricanes in the Japanese Top League. His regular position is Number 8. He has previously played rugby league for the Philippines national rugby league team at lock and second-row forward.

## Playing career
### Rugby League

Bernstrom played rugby league for the Philippines national rugby league team.

### Rugby Union

On 19 April 2019, Bernstrom was announced to be playing professional rugby union for the NTT Docomo Red Hurricanes in the Japan Top League.
On 7 August 2019, Bernstrom was announced to be departing the NTT Docomo Red Hurricanes.
# Chesed-El Synagogue

The Chesed-El Synagogue (Hebrew: חסד-אל, lit. 'Grace of God') is a Jewish congregation and synagogue, located at Oxley Rise, in River Valley, within the Central Area of Singapore. The synagogue was constructed in 1905 and in 1998 it was designated as a national monument of Singapore.

## History

The Chesed-El Synagogue was designated as a national monument on 18 December 1998.
The synagogue underwent an extensive renovation in 2016 with the support of the National Heritage Board (NHB) of Singapore. A Jewish Community Centre was built on the synagogue grounds, where the communal Sukkah used to stand. In 2019, the synagogue received its fourth grant from the restoration fund of the NHB for restoration and maintenance of the building.
# Darsanak

Darsanak (Persian: درسنك) is a village in Siyarastaq Yeylaq Rural District, Rahimabad District, Rudsar County, Gilan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 69, in 21 families.
# 1952–53 Baltimore Bullets season

The 1952-53 NBA season was the Bullets' 6th season in the NBA and 9th overall season of existence. The team featured Hall of Fame center Don Barksdale. Their .229 winning percentage is the lowest of any team in the four major North American sports leagues to ever qualify for the playoffs. The Bullets never again made the playoffs, and the franchise folded midway through the 1954–55 season.

## Draft picks

| Round | Pick | Player | Position | Nationality | College |
| 1 | 2 | Jim Baechtold | G/F | United States | Eastern Kentucky |

## Regular season
### Record vs. opponents

1952-53 NBA Records :
| Team | BAL | BOS | FWP | IND | MIL | MIN | NYK | PHI | ROC | SYR |
| Baltimore | — | 2–8 | 0–6 | 2–4 | 3–3 | 1–5 | 0–10 | 6–4 | 0–6 | 2–8 |
| Boston | 8–2 | — | 4–2 | 4–2 | 5–1 | 1–5 | 6–4 | 9–1 | 4–2 | 5–6 |
| Fort Wayne | 6–0 | 2–4 | — | 7–3 | 7–3 | 1–9 | 4–2 | 5–0 | 3–7 | 1–5 |
| Indianapolis | 4–2 | 2–4 | 3–7 | — | 5–6 | 4–6 | 1–5 | 5–1 | 3–7 | 1–5 |
| Milwaukee | 3–3 | 1–5 | 3–7 | 6–5 | — | 3–7 | 1–5 | 4–2 | 3–7 | 3–3 |
| Minneapolis | 5–1 | 5–1 | 9–1 | 6–4 | 7–3 | — | 4–2 | 6–0 | 4–6 | 2–4 |
| New York | 10–0 | 4–6 | 2–4 | 5–1 | 5–1 | 2–4 | — | 10–0 | 3–3 | 6–4 |
| Philadelphia | 4–6 | 1–9 | 0–5 | 1–5 | 2–4 | 0–6 | 0–10 | — | 2–4 | 2–8 |
| Rochester | 6–0 | 2–4 | 7–3 | 7–3 | 7–3 | 6–4 | 3–3 | 4–2 | — | 2–4 |
| Syracuse | 8–2 | 6–5 | 5–1 | 5–1 | 3–3 | 4–2 | 4–6 | 8–2 | 4–2 | — |

### Game log
## Playoffs
### East Division Semifinals

(1) New York Knicks vs. (4) Baltimore Bullets: Knicks win series 2-0
* Game 1 @ New York: New York 80, Baltimore 62
* Game 2 @ Baltimore: New York 90, Baltimore 81
Last Playoff Meeting: 1949 Eastern Division Semifinals (New York won 2–1)
# Nong Sung district

Nong Sung (Thai: หนองสูง, pronounced) is a district (amphoe) of Mukdahan province, northeastern Thailand.

## Geography

Neighboring districts are (from the north clockwise) Khamcha-i, Mueang Mukdahan, and Nikhom Kham Soi of Mukdahan Province; Loeng Nok Tha of Yasothon province; Nong Phok of Roi Et province; and Kuchinarai of Kalasin province.

## History

The minor district (king amphoe) was established on 1 March 1985, when five tambons were split off from Khamcha-i district. It was upgraded on 3 November 1993.

## Administration

The district is divided into six sub-districts (tambon), which are further subdivided into 44 villages (muban). There are no municipal (thesaban) areas, and five tambon administrative organization (TAO).
| No. | Name | Thai name | Villages | Pop. |
| 1. | Nong Sung | หนองสูง | 5 | 1,795 |
| 2. | Non Yang | โนนยาง | 10 | 5,900 |
| 3. | Phu Wong | ภูวง | 7 | 2,639 |
| 4. | Ban Pao | บ้านเป้า | 6 | 3,723 |
| 5. | Nong Sung Tai | หนองสูงใต้ | 8 | 3,956 |
| 6. | Nong Sung Nuea | หนองสูงเหนือ | 8 | 2,861 |
# James Craggs the Younger

James Craggs the Younger PC (9 April 1686 – 16 February 1721), was an English politician.

## Life

Craggs was born at Westminster, the son of James Craggs the Elder. Part of his early life was spent abroad, where he made the acquaintance of George Louis, Elector of Hanover, afterwards King George I of Great Britain. In 1713 he became Member of Parliament for Tregony, in 1717 Secretary at War, and in the following year Secretary of State for the Southern Department. Craggs was implicated in the South Sea Bubble, but not so deeply as his father, whom he predeceased, dying on 16 February 1721, aged 34. Among Craggs's friends were Alexander Pope (who wrote the epitaph on his monument in Westminster Abbey), Joseph Addison and John Gay.
James Craggs left an illegitimate daughter, Harriot Craggs, by the noted dancer and actress Hester Santlow. Harriot was probably born in February 1713 and she was married firstly in 1726 to Richard Eliot, having nine children including Edward Craggs-Eliot, 1st Baron Eliot and secondly in 1749 to John Hamilton by whom she had a son.
James Craggs also left two Illegitimate sons, each named James, by different mothers, Reference to these may be found in the Will of his uncle, Michael Richards, who left bequests to Harriot and to each of the sons. One of the sons died at sea in 1740 as a lieutenant in the Royal Navy under the name James Smith, but noted as being the natural son of the late Secretary Craggs.
In 1719 he was one of the original backers of the Royal Academy of Music, establishing a London opera company which commissioned numerous works from Handel, Bononcini and others.
# The Cruel Brother

"The Cruel Brother" (Child 11, Roud 26) is a folk song.

## Synopsis

A knight (or lord) courts a lady. She tells him he must win the consent of her kin. He neglects that of her brother John. John mortally stabs her on her wedding day. She lives long enough to make various bequests, such as clothing to her mother, a fan to her sister; John invariably receives "a gallows to hang him on" and his wife may receive grief for her entire life and his children that they would have to beg, though the wife may get a widow's weeds and a quiet life, or his son the grace of God to be a man.

## Motifs

The bride's bequests are highly typical of ballads, and similar bequests are found in ballads throughout Europe.

## Field Recordings

Only four field recordings of the song by traditional singers are known to have been made:
* Bell Duncan of Ythenwells, Aberdeenshire, Scotland (1929–35, recorded by James Madison Carpenter)
* Polly Johnson of Wise, Virginia, USA (1939, recorded by Herbert Halpert)
* Edith Ballinger Price of New Jersey, USA (1945, recorded by Helen Hartness Flanders)
* Rose McCartin of Annalong, County Down, Northern Ireland (1970, recorded by Hugh Shields)
# Gwangjang-dong

Gwangjang-dong (Korean: 광장동) is a dong (neighborhood) of Gwangjin District, Seoul, South Korea.

## Name origin

The name Gwangjang-dong was derived from the character "광" in Gwangjin-ri, a natural village from the Joseon period, and the character "장" in Jangui-dong.

## Attractions

* AX Hall
* Sheraton Walkerhill Hotel
* Achasan
* Hangang
* Gwangjin Library
# German School of Thessaloniki

The German School of Thessaoloniki (Greek: Γερμανική Σχολή Θεσσαλονίκης, German: Deutsche Schule Thessaloniki) is a German international school in Finikas, Thessaloniki, Greece. The school serves Kindergarten through Year 12 of Sekundarstufe II/Lykeion (senior high school/sixth form).
It was established on 13 February 1888, in Salonika, Salonika Vilayet, Ottoman Empire.
# Tazlarovo, Karmaskalinsky District, Republic of Bashkortostan

Tazlarovo (Russian: Тазларово; Bashkir: Таҙлар станцияһы, Taźlar stantsiyahı) is a rural locality (a village) in Novokiyeshkinsky Selsoviet, Karmaskalinsky District, Bashkortostan, Russia. The population was 69 as of 2010. There is 1 street.

## Geography

Tazlarovo is located 26 km southeast of Karmaskaly (the district's administrative centre) by road. Tubyak-Tazlarovo is the nearest rural locality.
# Mari Indus railway station

Mari Indus Railway Station (Urdu: ماڑی انڈس ریلوے اسٹیشن) is located in Mari Indus, Pakistan. The station was constructed in 1891.

## Train routes

The following trains stop/terminate/originate from Mari Indus station:
| Preceding station | Pakistan Railways | Pakistan Railways | Pakistan Railways | Following station |
| Terminus | | Attock Passenger | | Massantowards Attock City Junction |
# Phyllodactylus benedettii

Phyllodactylus benedettii is a species of gecko. It is endemic to Jalisco, Mexico.
It is a nocturnal species often found in rocks and crevices within the tropical dry forest, but can also occupy human settlements near undisturbed areas.
# Sarai Saleh

Sarai Saleh (Urdu: سرائے صالح) is one of the 45 union councils of Haripur District, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan.
Located five kilometres northeast of Haripur City at an elevation of 597 meters, it is a scenic valley surrounded by hills, covering an area of two to three square kilometres. Situated on the main Hazara Road near the Dor River, Sarai Saleh is home to several archaeological sites, including Buddhist-era mounds, Hindu temples, and an historic train station.
# Atractus heyeri

Atractus heyeri is a species of snake in the family Colubridae. It is endemic to Venezuela. It is named after Ronald Heyer [fr], American herpetologist.
# Sinikka Kurkinen

Sinikka Mirjam Kurkinen (born 1935) is a Finnish painter. She studied in Helsinki and Paris.
Kurkinen was born in Joutseno, South Karelia. She gave her first exhibitions in Imatra in 1955 and in Helsinki in 1958. Her works can be seen at Ateneum, the Imatra Museum of Art and in various other locations all over the country.
Kurkinen is an honorary member of the Imatra Art Association. She has won many awards during her career, including the Art Prize of Imatra in 1983.
# Basilides (Stoic)

Basilides (Greek: Βασιλείδης; 2nd century BC), was a Stoic philosopher who denied the existence of incorporeal entities.
Nothing is known about the life of Basilides. From a table of contents in one of the medieval manuscripts, we know that he was listed in the missing part of Book VII of Diogenes Laërtius' Lives and Opinions of Eminent Philosophers. His position in the table of contents indicates that he lived around the time of Antipater of Tarsus in the 2nd century BC.
He is known principally from a passage in Sextus Empiricus, who notes that "Basilides and his followers thought no incorporeal [entity] exists." The specific context is the Stoic's theory of language. The Stoics held that any meaningful utterance will involve three items: the sounds uttered; the thing which is referred to or described by the utterance; and an incorporeal item, the lekton, that which is conveyed in the language. Basilides denied the existence of the lekta.
Another (probably Stoic) philosopher called Basilides of Scythopolis (2nd century AD), is listed in the Chronicle of Jerome, as being as a teacher of Marcus Aurelius.
# Lofos, Pieria

Lofos (Greek: Λόφος) is a village and a community of the Katerini municipality. Before the 2011 local government reform it was part of the municipality of Petra, of which it was a municipal district. The 2021 census recorded 1,694 residents in the community. The area of the community, which also contains the village of Rachi, is 20.838 km$^2$ (8.046 sq mi).
# Svínoy, Svínoy

Svínoy (Danish: Svinø) is the only village on the Faroese island of the same name in Klaksvík Municipality. Until 1 January 2009 it was the only village in the now abolished Svínoy Municipality.
The 2015 population was 27. Its postal code is FO 765. Its current church was built in 1878. The name of the island Svínoy means 'Island of Pigs [Swine]'.
# Dalneye Chesnochnoye

Dalneye Chesnochnoye (Russian: Дальнее Чесночное) is a rural locality (a selo) in Alexeyevsky District, Belgorod Oblast, Russia. The population was 131 as of 2010. There are 7 streets.

## Geography

Dalneye Chesnochnoye is located 12 km northeast of Alexeyevka (the district's administrative centre) by road. Blizhneye Chesnochnoye is the nearest rural locality.
# Ekaterina Svirina

Ekaterina Svirina (Russian: Екатерина Свирина) is a Russian former ice dancer. She is the 1993 World Junior champion with Sergei Sakhnovski. With later partner Vladimir Leliukh, she is the 1996 Nebelhorn Trophy champion.

## Results
### With Sakhnovski

Results :
| International ||||
| Event | 1992–93 | 1993–94 | 1994–95 |
| Goodwill Games | | | 3rd |
| International: Junior ||||
| World Junior Championships | 1st | 2nd | |
| European Youth Olympic Fest. | 2nd | | |

### With Leliukh

International :
| Event | 1996–1997 |
| Nebelhorn Trophy | 1st |
| Finlandia Trophy | 2nd |
| Autumn Trophy | 5th |
# Tangeh Soleyman Rural District

Tangeh Soleyman Rural District (Persian: دهستان تنگه سليمان) is in Kolijan Rostaq District of Sari County, Mazandaran province, Iran. Its capital is the village of Rig Cheshmeh.

## Demographics
### Population

At the time of the 2006 National Census, the rural district's population was 3,600 in 1,164 households. There were 2,549 inhabitants in 955 households at the following census of 2011. The 2016 census measured the population of the rural district as 2,607 in 1,008 households. The most populous of its 26 villages was Ajarostaq, with 226 people.
# Javan banded pitta

The Javan banded pitta (Hydrornis guajanus) is a species of bird in the family Pittidae. It is found in Java and Bali. It was formerly considered conspecific with the Bornean and Malayan banded pittas. Together, they were referenced as the banded pitta.
# Cranston/Csuri Productions

Cranston/Csuri Productions (CCP) was an American computer animation company based in Columbus, Ohio. It was founded in 1981 by artist Chuck Csuri and investor Robert Cranston Kanuth to commercially exploit computer animation technology created by Ohio State University's Computer Graphics Research Group (CGRG). Several of the CGRG researchers recruited into the company went on to notable VFX and animation careers, including John Berton, Tom DeFanti, and Steve Martino.
CCP and CGRG shared a single facility on campus, and were intended to work collaboratively: CGRG developed and maintained tools for character animation, procedural effects, modeling, and rendering that CCP used in approximately 800 groundbreaking animated television and advertising projects. Some of these were maintained as de facto open source projects, like the GRASS programming language and the animation system Twixt, and found wider popularity outside CCP itself.
CCP's business operations shut down late in 1987 following the collapse of promising initial efforts to license its software, which ran only on expensive, refrigerator-sized minicomputers. By the late '80s, computer animation production had begun to switch from minicomputers to cheaper microcomputers (desktops) with 3D graphics capabilities, such as SGI workstations running retail software like Alias Wavefront. This change not only launched many new competing production houses, but also rapidly eliminated the market for minicomputer-based graphics products. That same year, CCP and CGRG became part of Ohio State's Advanced Computing Center for the Arts and Design (ACCAD), which as of 2022 remains in operation.
# Syrtsov-Lominadze Affair

In the history of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union the Left-Right bloc (Russian: лево-правый блок, romanized: levo-pravyy blok) was a failed attempt of vocal opposition to the politics of forced collectivization Joseph Stalin. Vissarion Lominadze and Sergey Syrtsov were recognized as its leaders. The name is derived from the accusation in factionism of the group created by joining of two groups: the one accused in "right opportunism" and allegedly headed by Syrtsov and another one accused of "leftism" and "half-Trotskyism" allegedly headed by Lominadze. In Western literature the case is known as the Syrtsov-Lominadze Affair.

## History

The issue was part on the agenda of the November 4, 1930 joint session of the Bureau of the Moscow Committee of the RKP(b) and the Presidium of the Central Control Commission which considered the issue, "On the Factional Work of Comrades Syrtsov, Lominadze, Shatskin and Others." The resolution of the session declared, in part, that Syrtsov had "organized an underground factional center which included Nusinov, Kavraiskii, Galperin, Kurs, and others" and that Lominadze had "headed a persevered fractional group which included Shatskin, Reznik, and others."
There are opinions that in fact there was no such bloc, that while the dissenting views were public indeed, the whole affair was fabricated. E.g., Roy Medvedev expressed an opinion that Stalin learned some details of a conversation between Syrtsov and Lominadze. Pierre Broué wrote that Medvedev was wrong and there was indeed a bloc, because some of Trotsky's letters mentioned a real oppositional group between Lominadze, Jan Sten and Syrtsov.
Robert Davies notes that the case was part of the overall 1930 campaign against dissent (actual or potential) within the party. Davies also notes a peculiarity that unlike many other cases of Soviet political suppression, the campaign against Syrtsov and Lominadze in press did not associate them with "wreckers", nor with "imperialist forces" abroad.
Some of its members later joined a conspiratorial bloc with Leon Trotsky and other anti-Stalin politicians in 1932.

## Footnotes

* ↑ Vadim Rogovin, "Power and Oppositions" (" Власть и оппозиции")
* 1 2 3 R. W. Davies, "The Syrtsov-Lominadze Affair", Soviet Studies Vol. 33, No. 1 (Jan. 1981), pp. 29-50, JSTOR 151473
* ↑ "О фракционной работе тт. Сырцова, Ломинадзе, Шацкина и др."
* ↑ Paul R. Gregory and Norman Naimark (eds.), The Lost Politburo Transcripts: From Collective Rule to Stalin's Dictatorship. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2008; pg. 79.
* 1 2 "Pierre Broué: The "Bloc" of the Oppositions against Stalin (January 1980)". www.marxists.org. Retrieved 2020-08-07.
* This Soviet Union–related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
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# San Costantino Calabro

San Costantino Calabro (Greek: Aghios Konstantinos Kalavros) is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Vibo Valentia in the Italian region Calabria, located about 50 kilometres (31 mi) southwest of Catanzaro and about 4 kilometres (2 mi) southwest of Vibo Valentia. As of 31 December 2004, it had a population of 2,320 and an area of 7.0 square kilometres (2.7 sq mi).
San Costantino Calabro borders the following municipalities: Francica, Jonadi, Mileto, San Gregorio d'Ippona.

## Pictures

* Sign in the center of the comune of San Costantino
* Center of the comune of San Costantino
* One of the many lemon trees
* Road in San Costantino
# Doctor Penfield Avenue

Doctor Penfield Avenue (officially in French: Avenue du Docteur-Penfield) is a one-way eastbound street located in the Golden Square Mile neighbourhood of the borough of Ville-Marie in Montreal, Quebec, Canada. Spanning 1.7 kilometres, it begins at Pine Avenue in the east and terminates at McDougall Avenue, to the west. Doctor Penfield Avenue is named after Wilder Penfield (1891–1976), the founder of the Montreal Neurological Institute.
Located on the southern flank of Mount Royal, it passes through the heart of McGill University's campus, and features opulent Victorian homes, many now serving as foreign consulates.

## History

Despite being named for Penfield in 1978, the street itself is much older. The street opened on the property of John McGregor around 1867. Upon selling the land in 1883, the street was named after McGregor. Originally it connected Côte-des-Neiges Road and Simpson Street, but was lengthened on December 6, 1956.
# Gulf of Saros

Gulf of Saros or Saros Bay (Turkish: Saros Körfezi; Greek: κόλπος Ξηρού, romanized: kólpos Xiroú) is a gulf north of the Dardanelles, Turkey. Ancient Greeks called it the Gulf of Melas (Ancient Greek: Μέλανας κόλπος, romanized: Mélanas kólpos).
The bay is 75 km (47 mi) long and 35 km (22 mi) wide. Far from industrialized areas and thanks to underwater currents, it is a popular summer recreation resort with sandy strands and crystal-clear sea. Scuba diving, windsurfing and fishing are the most practiced water sports here.
Settlements around the bay are: Gökçetepe, Mecidiye, Erikli, Danişment, Yayla, Karaincirli, Vakıf, Büyükevren, Sultaniçe, Gülçavuş and Enez, all in Edirne Province. The islands of Gökçeada (Imbros) lie outside Saros Bay and Samothrace in the Aegean Sea, Greece, is in short distance.
The North Anatolian Fault Zone, the most prominent active fault in Turkey and the source of numerous large earthquakes throughout history, passes through the Gulf of İzmit and traverses the Marmara Sea reaching to the Saros Bay to the southeast.
In relative proximity, although outside of the gulf, on the Southern shore of the Dardanelles, across from Gallipoli, is the location of legendary Troy.

## Non-combat military incident

The bay served for a long time as a place for NATO's amphibious exercises. In the fall of 1992, the Turkish destroyer Muavenet was hit by two Sea Sparrow missiles fired by the U.S. aircraft carrier USS Saratoga during the NATO exercise "Display Determination" held in the bay. The incident cost the lives of five Turkish officers, while 22 others aboard were injured seriously.