OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Peṭakopadesa

The Petakopadesa (peṭakopadesa) is a Buddhist scripture, sometimes included in the Khuddaka Nikaya of the Pali Canon of Theravada Buddhism.

## History
### Origin

The nature of this book is a matter of some disagreement among scholars. The translator, supported by Professor George Bond of Northwestern University, holds it is a guide to those who understand the teaching in presenting it to others. However, A. K. Warder, Professor Emeritus of Sanskrit in the University of Toronto, maintains that it covers all aspects of interpretation, not just that.
The text is often connected to another para-canonical text, the Nettipakaraṇa. Oskar von Hinüber suggests that both of these texts originated from outside the Theravada tradition as handbooks on the interpretation of the sutras.
According to the chapter colophons, the book was composed by the Buddha's disciple Kaccana (or Kaccayana). Scholars do not take this literally, though the translator mentions that the methods may go back to him.

### As a commentary

Warder, in his examination of the Paṭisambhidāmagga Gaṇṭhipada in the Introduction to the Path of Discrimination, notes: “The Gaṇṭhipada (p. 106), however, provides the positive information that this Peṭaka is a book of the Mahiṃsāsakas, an aṭṭhakathā ("commentary") made for the purpose of the Suttantapiṭaka. This implies that it was a work similar to the Peṭakopadesa … Thus both schools had a recension of this work, but differing in such details as this. …”. The passage in the Gaṇṭhipada is Suttante piṭakatthāya kataṭṭhakathā peṭakaṃ mahiṃsakānaṃ gantho.

### As a canonical text

This book was regarded as canonical by the head of the Burmese sangha about two centuries ago. It is included in the inscriptions of the Canon approved by the Burmese Fifth Council and in the printed edition of the Sixth Council text.

### Parallels

Stefano Zacchetti revealed that in the Chinese Canon there is a text called Yin chi rujing, translated in the 3d century, which corresponds to most of the sixth chapter of the Pali Peṭakopadesa. Then there is another Chinese text, the Da zhidu lun, which mentions the Peṭaka as a text circulating in South India (presumably Kāñcipura and Sri Lanka) and that it is an abridged version of an originally larger text. It describes a few of the methods of the Peṭaka and gives examples which roughly correspond to passages in the Peṭaka. Thus it appears that the Peṭakopadesa was circulating in different schools and in different versions.

## Sections

There are 8 sections as follows:
* Ariyasacca Pakasana (display of the Noble Truths)
* Sāsana patthāna (pattern of the dispensation)
* Suttādhitthāna (terms of expression in the thread)
* Suttavicaya (investigation of threads)
* Hāravibhanga (modes of conveying in separate treatment)
* Suttatthasamuccaya (compendium of the thread's meaning)
* Hārasampāta (modes of conveying in combined treatment)
* Sutta vibhangiya (Analyses of Suttas)
However, the translator says this last title is a mistake for "moulding of the guidelines", the title given at the end.

## Translations

Pitaka-Disclosure, tr. Nanamoli Bhikkhu, 1964, Pali Text Society, Bristol
# Choi Gyung-hwan

Choi Gyung-hwan (Korean: 최경환, born 28 July 1959) is a South Korean activist and politician. He is the Member of the National Assembly for Gwangju North 2nd constituency since 2016 and the President of the New Alternatives since 2020. Prior to these careers, he was the Presidential Secretary and the last aide for the ex-President of the Republic Kim Dae-jung.

## Career

During the 1980s, Choi was once jailed for being involved in Hakrim incident and Youth Union for Pro-democracy Movement (aka Minchŏngryŏn) incident, in which the former was acquitted in 2015. He later served as the Presidential Secretary for Kim Dae-jung, as well as his aide. He is widely known as his last aide by serving the position till the death of the ex-President in 2009. Following the death of Kim, Choi has been working at Kim Dae-jung Peace Centre.
Choi was brought into the Democratic Unionist Party and launched his bid for Gwangju North 2nd constituency in 2012, but lost to Lim Nae-hyun during the preselection. In 2016, he joined the People's Party (PP) and was elected as the MP. He proposed a bill named Special Act on the Investigation of Facts that later passed the parliamentary votes.
Choi once helped the party's ex-President Ahn Cheol-soo, but due to the disagreement of Ahn's decision to merge with the Bareun Party, he quitted and joined the Party for Democracy and Peace (PDP) in 2018. In August, he launched his bid for the party's presidency but came behind of Chung Dong-young and Yu Sung-yup, made him as one of the Vice Presidents.
In 2019, Choi and the party's dissidents left PDP and formed the New Alternatives. On 12 January 2020, he was elected as the newly-formed party's president.

## Trivia

Choi Gyung-hwan has the same name with the former Deputy Prime Minister Choi Kyoung-hwan, though both are not related. Nevertheless, the name brought confusions, especially after the latter was involved in controversies. As an example, on 9 December 2016, when the former Deputy Prime Minister Choi was the only MP who abstained from the impeachment vote against the President Park Geun-hye, the former Presidential Secretary Choi was the one who received many protest messages.

## Books

* The Leadership of Kim Dae-jung (15 December 2010)

## Election results
### General elections

| Year | Constituency | Political party | Votes (%) | Remarks |
| 2016 | Gwangju North 2nd | PP | 68,641 (55.29%) | Won |
# Saint-Martin-d'Entraunes

Saint-Martin-d'Entraunes (French pronunciation:, literally Saint-Martin of Entraunes; Occitan: Sant Martin d'Entraunas; Italian: San Martino d'Entraunes) is a commune in the Alpes-Maritimes department in southeastern France. It is located in the middle stretches of the Var valley, situated at the limits of the Mercantour National Park.

## In popular culture

It was included in the 2014 racing game Forza Horizon 2.
# Georgiyevka, Karmaskalinsky District, Republic of Bashkortostan

Georgiyevka (Russian: Георгиевка) is a rural locality (a village) in Yefremkinsky Selsoviet, Karmaskalinsky District, Bashkortostan, Russia. The population was 27 as of 2010. There is 1 street.

## Geography

Georgiyevka is located 23 km south of Karmaskaly (the district's administrative centre) by road. Nikiforovka is the nearest rural locality.
# Rush Lake (Pakistan)

Rush Lake (Urdu: رش جھیل) is a high-altitude lake located in Nagar Valley, Gilgit-Baltistan, Pakistan near Rush Peak. At 4,694 metres (15,400 ft), Rush is one of the highest alpine lakes in the world. It is located about 15 km (9 mi) north of Miar Peak and Spantik (Golden Peak) in the Nagar Valley. It is one of the highest lakes in Pakistan and the 27th-highest lake in the world.
Rush Lake and Rush Peak are reached via Nagar and Hopar Valley via the Hopar Glacier (Bualtar Glacier) and Miar Glacier, which rises from Miar and Phuparash peaks. The trek to Rush Lake provides picturesque views of Spantik, Malubiting, Miar Peak, Phuparash Peak, and Ultar Sar.
# Sybrand

Sybrand is a masculine given name. Notable people with the name include:
* Sybrand Engelbrecht (cricketer) (born 1988), South African cricketer
* Sybrand Engelbrecht (soldier) (1913–1994), South African Army general
* Sybrand van Haersma Buma (born 1965), Dutch politician
# Beer in Hungary

Beer in Hungary has been brewed for well over a thousand years and the country has a significant history of commercial beer production.

## Etymology

The Hungarian word for beer is sör, which sounds almost like the English word sure. The word itself is of Oghuric origin. The word was most probably borrowed by the Hungarians in the era before the conquest of Hungary.

## History

The first commercial brewery in Hungary was established in Buda in 1845 by Peter Schmidt. During the heyday of the Austro-Hungarian Empire, the Kőbánya district of Budapest became the centre of Hungary's brewing industry. The Dreher brewery is named after Anton Dreher, the creator of the Vienna lager style. He created the brewery in Budapest in 1862 and it came to dominate the Hungarian market before the Second World War.

## Breweries

Today, Hungary has four large commercial brewers which produce mainly light lagers (Hungarian: világos) and German-style dark beers (bocks, Hungarian: barna).
| Name | Owner | Founder | Famous products | Location |
| Dreher Breweries (Dreher Sörgyárak) | Asahi Breweries | Peter Schmidt (est. 1854) Anton Dreher (est. 1862) | Dreher Classic Arany Ászok Kőbányai Világos (pilsener-style lagers) Dreher Bak (a double bock) | Kőbánya, Budapest |
| Borsod Brewery (Borsodi Sörgyár) | Molson Coors Brewing Company | Magyar Országos Söripari Vállalat (est. 1973) | Borsodi Világos Borsodi Bivaly Borsodi Póló Borsodi Búza Borostyán (English: Amber) | Bőcs, Borsod-Abaúj-Zemplén |
| Heineken Hungária (Heineken Magyarország) | Heineken | Julius Lenck (est. 1895) | Soproni Talléros (English: Coin Worth) Arany Hordó (English: Golden Barrel) Soproni Kinizsi Sárkány Sör (English: Dragon Beer) | Sopron, Győr-Moson-Sopron |
| Pécs Brewery (Pécsi Sörfőzde) | Szemerey family | Leopold Hirschfeld (1848) | Pécsi Szalon Szalon Barna Tavaszi Sör (English: Spring Beer) Három Király (English: Three Kings) | Pécs, Baranya |
Lately, some microbreweries have also set up in Hungary, such as Fóti, Legenda, Monyó, Csupor or Mad Scientist. In the 2010s, a lively craft beer scene evolved, with numerous local breweries, festivals and bottleshops.

## Economy

In the 1980s, beer consumption was roughly 100 litres per person, but since then it has declined to nearer seventy.Pale lager has about 90% of sales.

## Culture

In Hungary, people traditionally do not clink their glasses or mugs when drinking beer. There is an urban legend in Hungarian culture that Austrian generals clinked their beer glasses to celebrate the execution of the 13 Martyrs of Arad in 1849. Many people still follow the tradition, although younger people often disavow it, citing that the vow was only meant to last 150 years.
# Shada Mountain Reserve

Shada Mountain Reserve is a natural reserve in Saudi Arabia managed by the Saudi Wildlife Authority. The reserve is home to key plant and animal species including the endangered Arabian leopard.

## Overview

The 68.62 km² area reserve is located in Al Baha with an altitude up to 2,222 meters above sea level. It was listed as a protected reserve in 2002.

## Plant and animal species

The reserve is known for the largest variety of flora in the region. There are approximately 500 plant species reported in this reserve. The Arabian leopard, one of the endangered species, is inhabiting this reserve. There are other species in this reserve including Arabian wolf, caracal, rock fox, striped hyaena and genet.
# Neue Schule Hamburg

Neue Schule Hamburg (English: New School Hamburg) is a private Sudbury school in Rahlstedt, Hamburg, Germany, established in 2007.

## History

The school was founded by Philipp Palm, who was the school's principal, his partner the German popstar Nena Kerner, Silke Steinfadt and Thomas Simmerl in September 2007 in Rahlstedt with 85 pupils and six teachers. It was the first school in Germany to be organised on the Sudbury school concept. Setting out her rationale for helping establish the school, Nena referred to her own "uninspiring" education, explaining that, "When I was a child, like all children, I had so many ideas and so much curiosity. I wanted to take on the world but the teachers were the ruling force. That doesn't encourage children; it represses them."
During the first year, there were reports of theft and violence at the school. However, after three years, it was recognised by the Hamburg school authority as a state-approved substitute school (German: staatlich genehmigte Ersatzschule), and the Hamburg school authority agreed to contribute to the running costs from 2011. In 2010, the school had increased the number of teachers to ten.
# Tuma, Russia

Tuma (Russian: Тума) is the name of several inhabited localities in Russia.
# Artyom Geghamyan

Artyom Geghamyan is an Armenian lawyer. He is a graduate of Yerevan State University, Public Administration Academy, Indiana University, and Harvard University, where he specialized in public administration. On 25 July 2014 he was appointed deputy justice minister of Armenia.

## Early years and education

Artyom Geghamyan was born on January 10, 1980, in Yeghvard, Armenia, where he attended secondary school. As a child, he studied music and played violin. He was so serious about music that was preparing to apply to the conservatory. However, he later changed his mind and entered the law department at the Yerevan State University.

### Education

* 1997-2001 Yerevan State University School of Law, Master of Law (LL.M) International Law
* 2001-2003 Yerevan State University School of Law, Bachelor's degree, JurisprudenceUpon graduating from Yerevan State University School of Law in 2001, he started his master's program in the same school in the field of International Trade Law and graduated with honor in 2003.
* 2003-2006 Public Administration Academy of the Republic of Armenia, Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.), European Union Law and Integration
* 2006-2007 Indiana University School of Law Indianapolis, LLM, International and Comparative Law
* 2012-2013 Harvard Kennedy School of Government, Master of Public Administration (MPA), Business and Government

## Work experience

Artyom Geghamyan has held various roles in the legal sector throughout his career. From 2001 to 2005, he served as the Assistant Chief Justice and Head of the Registrar in the Commercial Court of Appeal. After that, he worked as a Senior Legal Counsel at America Legal and Tax Advisors from 2005 to 2006. He then became the Head of Chair for Criminal Legal Procedure at the Prosecutors' Training School from 2007 to 2008. In 2008, he took on the role of Head of Department in the Ministry of Justice of the Republic of Armenia, serving until 2009. Between 2009 and 2012, he worked as a Legal Officer at the Council of Europe, focusing on human rights and rule of law in the Directorate General. From 2013 to 2014, Artyom was a Research Fellow and Associate in Transitional Justice at the Carr Center for Human Rights Policy at Harvard University’s Kennedy School of Government. In 2014, he briefly served as the Deputy Minister of Justice of the Republic of Armenia. Since 2014, he has been the Chief Legal Officer at Vallex Group.

## Awards

* 2009 – Ministry of Justice and JS Memorial Trust John Smith Fellowship,
* 2006 – 2007 U.S. Department of State Edmund E. Muskie Fellowship Program,
* 2008 – 2010 Open Society Institute Academic Fellowship Program,
* 2008 – 2009 U.S. Department of State Public Service Fellowship,
# Khamasi

Khamasi (Persian: خماسي, also Romanized as Khamāsī; also known as Ḩammāsī and Hommāsī) is a village in Elhayi Rural District, in the Central District of Ahvaz County, Khuzestan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 206, in 40 families.
# Kona Ice

Kona Ice is a privately held mobile shaved ice company. The company was founded by Tony Lamb in 2007. Lamb is Kona Ice's CEO. It was named one of the fastest growing franchises in the United States. The company's mascot is an animated penguin named Kona.

## History

In 2007, Tony Lamb founded Kona Ice after deciding that he wanted to build a better ice cream truck. By the end of the year, he had designed and produced five prototypes. Kona Ice began franchising in 2008. In October 2012, the company launched the Kona Mini, a smaller replica of the Kona Ice truck, to sell shaved ice indoors during winter months. Kona Ice was recognized on Entrepreneur magazine's Franchise 500 list in 2013. The company was also named the top new franchise and rated the 27th fastest growing franchise in the United States.
In 2014, Kona Ice partnered with Northern Kentucky University for an internship program. In April 2015, Kona Ice partnered with Make-A-Wish Foundation. The company has donated $25 million to community-based organizations since its foundation. In May 2014, Kona Ice was named one of the top eight franchises in the United States by TheStreet.com.

## Operations

Kona Ice is headquartered in Florence, Kentucky. As of March 2015, the company had more than 1000 franchise locations in 43 states and others across Canada. Customers can customize their shaved ice with the Flavorwave, a patented flavor dispenser built into the side of the truck. Kona Ice shaved ice contains 60 percent less sugar than regular sugar water snow cones and can be made of 100 percent fruit juice in participating locations.
# Antežeriai, Kėdainiai

Antežeriai ('a place on a lake', formerly Polish: Antozierki, Russian: Антозерки) is a village in Kėdainiai district municipality, in Kaunas County, in central Lithuania. According to the 2011 census, the village had a population of 41 people. It is located 1 kilometre (0.62 mi) from Pašušvys, on the northern shore of the Baublys lake, close to the Lapkalnys-Paliepiai Forest. The Raguva rivulet passes through the village.

## History

At the beginning of the 20th century, there were Ambraziūnai village and estate.

## Demography

| Year | Pop. | ±% p.a. |
| 1902 | 60 | — |
| 1923 | 42 | −1.68% |
| 1959 | 65 | +1.22% |
| 1970 | 52 | −2.01% |
| Year | Pop. | ±% p.a. |
| 1979 | 36 | −4.00% |
| 1989 | 32 | −1.17% |
| 2001 | 34 | +0.51% |
| 2011 | 41 | +1.89% |
Source: 1902, 1923, 1959 & 1970, 1979, 1989, 2001, 2011 :

## Images

* Antežeriai entrance
# Five Paupers in an Automobile

Five Paupers in an Automobile (Italian: Cinque poveri in automobile) is a 1952 Italian comedy film directed by Mario Mattoli and starring Eduardo De Filippo.

## Cast

* Eduardo De Filippo as Eduardo Moschettone
* Aldo Fabrizi as Cesare Baroni
* Titina De Filippo as Mariù Palombella
* Walter Chiari as Paolo
* Isa Barzizza as Cicci
* Hélène Rémy as Gina
* Luigi Cimara as Le placier
* Aldo Giuffré as Padella
* Arnoldo Foà as Alfredo
* Gianni Cavalieri as Gino Pranzi
* Carlo Romano as Rodolfo
* Nando Bruno as Battista
* Mario Pisu as Titolare dell'autosalone
* Raimondo Vianello as Maggiordomo
* Alberto Talegalli as Clemente
* Alberto Sorrentino as Padre ansioso
* Enzo Garinei as Cameriere
* Mario Feliciani as Parrucchiere
* Luigi Cimara as Investito
* Giulio Calì as Stalliere
* Mario Castellani as Regista
* Silvana Jachino as La segretaria del salone auto
* Gina Mascetti as La barista
# NK Odranci

Nogometni klub Odranci (English: Odranci Football Club), commonly referred to as NK Odranci or simply Odranci, is a Slovenian football club based in Odranci. The club was established in 1973.

## Honours

* Slovenian Third League
       Winners: 2010–11, 2014–15
* Pomurska League (fourth tier)
       Winners: 2004–05, 2005–06
# Lastheneia of Mantinea

Lastheneia (or Lasthenia) of Mantinea (Greek: Λασθένεια Μαντινική) was one of Plato's female students.
She was born in Mantinea, an ancient city in Arcadia, in the Peloponnese. She studied in the Academy of Plato dressed as a man. After the death of Plato she continued her studies with Speusippus, Plato's nephew. She is also said to have had a relationship with Speusippus.
A papyrus fragment from Oxyrhynchus mentions an unidentified woman who studied under Plato, Speusippus, and then Menedemus of Eretria. The fragment goes on to explain that "in her teens she was lovely and full of unstudied grace." This woman is probably Lastheneia or Axiothea of Phlius.
# Roller Derby of Central Kentucky

Roller Derby of Central Kentucky (ROCK) is a women's flat track roller derby league based in Lexington, Kentucky. Founded in 2006, the league consists of two teams (the ROCK Stars and the Indie ROCKers), which compete against teams from other leagues. The associated junior roller derby team went under during the pandemic. Roller Derby of Central Kentucky is a member of the Women's Flat Track Derby Association (WFTDA).

## History

ROCK briefly merged with a league based in Richmond, Kentucky, but this was dissolved in late 2007, ROCK re-establishing an independent existence. It played its first exhibition game in December, and started its first full season in 2008. At the time, it had two intraleague teams, the Bourbon Brawlers and Sour Scouts, although these were later dissolved. By 2012, the league was playing an 11-game season, competing against leagues such as the Black-n-Bluegrass Rollergirls.
Central Kentucky was accepted as a member of the Women's Flat Track Derby Association Apprentice Program in January 2012, and it became a full WFTDA member in September 2013.

## WFTDA rankings

| Season | Final ranking | Playoffs | Championship |
| 2015 | 267 WFTDA | DNQ | DNQ |
| 2016 | 297 WFTDA | DNQ | DNQ |
| 2017 | 322 WFTDA | DNQ | DNQ |
| 2018 | 267 WFTDA | DNQ | DNQ |
# Carlos Santana Becerra

Carlos Santana Becerra (1908 – March 11, 1971) served for over 13 years as an Associate Justice of the Puerto Rico Supreme Court.
Born in Manatí, Puerto Rico, he obtained his bachelor's degree and law degrees at the University of Puerto Rico. While a student, he was active in student politics.
Admitted to the bar in 1934, he served in various public offices, before joining the United States Army in 1943 during World War II. After his honorable discharge, he continued serving in government, including the Solicitor General's office as well as a Superior Court Judge from 1952 to 1957, when Governor Luis Muñoz Marín appointed him to the Supreme Court.
He retired on February 15, 1971, at the age of 62, shortly before his death in San Juan, Puerto Rico on March 11. He was buried at Santa María Magdalena de Pazzis Cemetery in San Juan, Puerto Rico. His vacancy was filled by Associate Justice Ángel Martín Taboas.

## Sources

* La Justicia en sus Manos by Luis Rafael Rivera, ISBN 1-57581-884-1
Legal offices :
| Preceded by | Associate Justice to the Supreme Court of Puerto Rico 1957-1971 | Succeeded byÁngel Martín |
* This Puerto Rican biographical article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
* This biography of a state judge in the United States is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
# Kum-Kum

Kum Kum (わんぱく大昔クムクム, Wanpaku Omukashi Kumu Kumu, "Naughty Ancient Kumukumu") is a Japanese animated television series, consisting of 26 episodes. The plot and characters were created by Yoshikazu Yasuhiko, and it was directed by Rintaro and first broadcast on TBS between 3 October 1975 and 26 March 1976. The name was changed to Kum Kum after the sixth episode.
It was adapted as a manga in December 1975, written and illustrated by Takemaru Nagata, and serialized in Kodansha's Terebi Magajin (TV Magazine) under the name "Kum Kum." A four-panel comic strip adaptation of the series also appeared periodically in Mainichi Shimbun in Osaka.

## Plot

The series explored the adventures of Kum Kum, a naughty boy in primeval times, and his friends as they grow up, often playing antics that surprise the occasional visitor to their village, and which almost always end up with Kum Kum being scolded by his stern father, Paru Paru.

## Characters

* Kum Kum (voiced by Kazue Tagami) is the main character, a naughty and kind boy.
* Chiru Chiru (voiced by Teruko Akiyama), Kum Kum's girlfriend, whose father is deceased.
* Aaron (voiced by Yoshiko Ota) one of Kum Kum's faithful friends.
* Mochi Mochi (voiced by Kōko Kagawa), Kum Kum's shy friend.
* Furu Furu (voiced by Yōko Asagami) is Kum Kum's teenage sister.
* Paru Paru (voiced by Kōsei Tomita), Kum Kum's grumpy dad.
* Maru Maru (voiced by Mitsuko Tobome) is Kum Kum's sweet mom.
* Toru Toru (voiced by Sachiko Chijimatsu) is Kum Kum's baby brother.
* Klopedia (voiced by Ryūji Saikachi) is the wise elder of the village, who lives surrounded by stone books.
* Roman (voiced by Ryūsei Nakao) the son of Klopedia who eventually marries Furu Furu.

## In popular culture

Argentine football player Sergio Agüero's nickname, "Kun", comes from the name of the show.