OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Back to the Future (Italy)

Back to the Future (Italian: Ritorno al Futuro), officially Back to the Future – Civil Action Committees (Italian: Ritorno al Futuro – Comitati di Azione Civile), was a liberal movement within the Democratic Party (PD), a political party in Italy. Its leader was Matteo Renzi, the party's former national secretary and Prime Minister of Italy from February 2014 to December 2016, while Ivan Scalfarotto was the national coordinator.
The committees were launched by Renzi during the 2018 Leopolda convention in Florence, and were seen by many as the beginning of a Renzi's personal party.
On 17 September, during an interview to Italian newspaper la Repubblica, Renzi announced his intention to leave the PD and create a new parliamentary group led by himself. On the same day, interviewed by Bruno Vespa during the late-night TV talk-show Porta a Porta, he officially launched Italia Viva (IV). This brought the end of Back to the Future as a party faction; however, the Civic Action Committees continued to exist as the territorial structure of the new movement.
# Pont sur la Laye

The Pont sur la Laye or Pont roman de Mane (English: Romanesque Bridge of Mane) is an old stone arch bridge across the stream Laye in the French Provence close to the town Mane.

## Construction

The 40-metre-long (130 ft) and 3.2-metre-wide (10 ft) bridge features three segmental arches with a span to rise ratio of up to c. 3:1. Its spans are 2.80 m, 7.90 m and 11.40; the thickness of the two larger arch ribs is between one and two Roman feet, making the structure one of the few Roman bridges whose ratio for rib thickness to span is lower than the commonly applied ancient standard of 1:20.
The bridge was built of local limestone whose shape varies according to its function: the arches consist of voussoirs, the spandrel walls of irregular stonework. The main pier is protected both upstream and downstream by large triangular cutwaters out of rectangular blocks of stone. The paved roadway rises sharply from the left bank to the main arch, and then drops in a gentler gradient to the higher bank on the other side. The parapet, which has been reported as partly removed by O’Connor in 1993, has been apparently repaired in the meantime.

## Dating

According to the Italian bridge builder Gazzola, the Pont sur la Laye dates from the end of the 1st or beginning of the 2nd century AD, thus belonging to a round dozen known Roman segmental arch bridges. Structurae, though, ascribes an early Romanesque origin to the structure (11th century). Following the Mane homepage, the two side arches, along with their breakwaters, were added as late as the 17th century, which means that the segmental arches are of a relatively late date.
# Ghanima (disambiguation)

Ghanima is an Arabic word ("الْغَنيمَة") meaning “spoils of war” which include land, wealth, cattle, women and children.
It can refer to:
* Ghanima, items subject to the Islamic wealth tax Khums
* Yousef VII Ghanima, patriarch of the Chaldean Catholic Church from 1947 to 1958
# Lamakaan

Lamakaan (Urdu: لامکاں) is an open cultural center in Banjara Hills, Hyderabad, India. The non-profit organisation provides space for events such as arts, literature, theater, music, and debates.

## History

Lamakaan started hosting events in March 2010. It was founded by Ashhar Farhan, Humera Ahmed, Biju Mathew, and Elahe Hiptoola.

## The center

Lamakaan hosts Pecha Kucha, concerts of famous artists like Warsi Brothers, Vittal Rao, Ateeq Hussain Khan among others. It conducts book releases, plays and seminars. It hosts events like Wikipedia Meetups. Theatre groups have performed at Lamakaan including Samahaara, Sutradhar, Manch Theatre, Nishumbita, Evam, Shudrka, Taher Ali Baig Productions and others.

## Closure threat

On 23 December 2015, a notice was issued to Lamakaan by the GHMC to shut down in three days, citing "creating nuisance to the surrounding residents and general public" as the reason. After notice, Lamakaan gave a reply to the civic body that was 'not satisfactory', to which the civic body responded by issuing a closure notice on 23 December. P. Mahender, the GHMC Deputy Commissioner (Circle 10), when contacted, said that there were traffic problems every Sunday in the lane but did not mention anything about the nuisance. One certain complaint was regarding women smoking on the premises.
The notice was withdrawn soon. Due to an uproar in the number of people protesting against shutting down Lamakaan and the signing of around 3,000 people on the online petitioning site change.org demanding the withdrawal of the notice, the attention of then-IT Minister K. T. Rama Rao was drawn. The issue was resolved after P. Mahender spoke with the owner of the place. The notice did not specify what was the cause of the nuisance but instead talked about the place running without a license. It was decided that the parking space of Jalagam Vengalarao Park would be used for four-wheeler parking.
# Radio Amateur Society of Thailand

The Radio Amateur Society of Thailand under The Royal Patronage of His Majesty The King (RAST) (Thai: สมาคมวิทยุสมัครเล่นแห่งประเทศไทย ในพระบรมราชุปถัมภ์) is a national non-profit organization for amateur radio enthusiasts in Thailand. The organization is founded under the royal patronage of the King of Thailand, and qualifies as a charitable entity pursuant to a Thai Ministry of Finance declaration. The organization was founded on August 22, 1963, by a group of amateur radio operators who met at a restaurant in Bangkok. Among the first orders of business was to address official objections to the communications of radio amateurs in Thailand with amateur radio operators in other countries. The RAST represents the interests of Thai amateur radio operators and shortwave listeners before Thai and international telecommunications regulatory authorities. RAST is the national member society representing Thailand in the International Amateur Radio Union.
Amateur "ham" radio operations in Thailand are permitted via an examination in the Thai language for Thai nationals OR via a reciprocal awarding of a Thailand license based on the presentation of a valid license from a few other countries (the list includes USA and is expanding; the latest list is in the licensing section of the RAST website). Each reciprocal agreement must be arranged via treaty between Thailand and other nations. Licenses have a five-year term, renewable. The international assigned prefixes for ham call letters in Thailand are HS and E2; numbers and letters are added behind these letters to identify each individual licensee or radio club (example: HS0AC and E20AAA). There are about 300,000 licensed operators in Thailand, but only a few tens of operators are active on the HF frequencies; the others use the 2 meter band.
RAST usually holds monthly member meetings on the first Sunday of each month in a Bangkok venue, the Sena Place Hotel. During the pandemic, meetings have been less frequent and at different locations. Guests are welcome. Officers and board members are elected regularly and hold two year terms.
Membership to RAST costs 300 Baht plus 200 Baht per year to renew; alternatively it costs 2,100 Baht for lifetime membership, and there is a "gold" lifetime membership for 5,000 Baht. Membership is open to anyone.
# Nargan, Sistan and Baluchestan

Nargan (Persian: نرگان, also Romanized as Nargān) is a village in Kahnuk Rural District, Irandegan District, Khash County, Sistan and Baluchestan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 130, in 27 families.
# TV6 (Poland)

TV6 (Six) is a Polish free-to-air television channel originally owned by Polskie Media. Since 1 January 2014, Telewizja Polsat is a direct broadcaster of TV6, as well as its sister channel TV4. It was launched on 30 May 2011.
On 30 April 2013, TV6 gained a new graphic design and a new visual identity. On 1 January 2014, Telewizja Polsat acquired Polskie Media, the owner of TV4 and TV6. On 3 August 2023, TV6 changed its logo for the first time.
The motto of channel is "Włącz Szóstkę" which means "Turn on Six".

## Programming

TV6's programming consists of entertainment, reality shows and quiz shows, which the Polish versions have gained popularity, as well as animated television series for children and adults, sports, situation comedy, and music.

## Logos

| 2011–2023 Pre-2010 | 2023–present Pre-2022 |
# Anguillicoloides

Anguillicoloides is a genus of nematodes belonging to the family Dracunculidae.
The species of this genus are found in Europe and Northern America.
Species:
* Anguillicoloides australiensis Johnston & Mawson, 1940
* Anguillicoloides crassus (Kuwahara, Niimi & Itagaki, 1974)
* Anguillicoloides novaezelandiae (Moravec & Taraschewski, 1988)
* Anguillicoloides papernai Moravec & Taraschewski, 1988
# Tombebœuf

Tombebœuf (French pronunciation:; Occitan: Tombabuèu) is a commune in the Lot-et-Garonne department in south-western France.
# Mudwoman

Mudwoman is 2012 horror novel by Joyce Carol Oates. The novel is a psychological horror and campus novel, which follows the experience of a university president, M.R. Neukirchen, "haunted by her secret past as the child of a poor, mentally ill religious fanatic who tried to drown her in a riverside mudflat".

## Development and context

Oates says that the novel started as a "dream vision" describing it as "I saw a woman sitting at a large table wearing inappropriate, very heavy makeup that had dried, like mud, and was darker than her skin." Oates wrote the novel in response to the dream, and during a period that was hard for Oates: her husband died while she was drafting the novel. Kevin Nance of the Washington Post describes these two influences as creating a deeply autobiographical novel.

## Themes and style

The novel reflects on themes of memory and mental health. Oates includes autobiographical elements like she does in other novels, using the fictional exploration of the "brutal world of her childhood" as a means of probing her fictional protagonist's psyche. The novel starts with a "psychotic mother abandoning her two small girls to die", and that scene follows M.R. Neukirchen throughout the novel. Emma Hagestadt of The Independent also describes Oates' approach to this often repeated plot device in fiction, as accented by " Oates's idiosyncratic eye for unsettling detail."
In the Inside Higher Ed interview of Oates, Serena Golden explores how the novel both reflects and diverges from the challenges faced by women academics in high profile universities.
Kevin Nance describes the novel as "oscillat[ing] between realism and the surreal" like much of her other works. Nance connects this stylistic approach to the work of James Joyce, where realistic "give[s] way to bizarre hallucinatory scenes."

## Reception

Reviews of the novel were mixed. The New Yorker's Katia Bachko called the work a "powerful novel". Washington Post reviewer Kevin Nance called the novel "one of her most personal, autobiographical and deeply felt novels." Reviewer Deirdre Danahue for USA Today, described the novel as "generat[ing] equal parts foaming annoyance and breathless admiration". Emma Hagestadt of The Independent described the novel "an intriguing and bold novel about the flip side of success, and the consequences of sexual and psychological violence on the female psyche" but notes that at times it becomes " dense with characters and ideas."
# Mariinsky, Republic of Bashkortostan

Mariinsky (Russian: Мариинский) is a rural locality (a selo) in Otradovsky Selsoviet, Sterlitamaksky District, Bashkortostan, Russia. The population was 1,896 as of 2010. There are 23 streets.

## Geography

Mariinsky is located 6 km west of Sterlitamak (the district's administrative centre) by road. Sterlitamak is the nearest rural locality.
# Ozerovka, Fatezhsky District, Kursk Oblast

Ozerovka (Russian: Озеровка) is a rural locality (a settlement) in Soldatsky Selsoviet Rural Settlement, Fatezhsky District, Kursk Oblast, Russia.

## Geography

The settlement is located on the Usozha River (a left tributary of the Svapa in the basin of the Seym), 96 km from the Russia–Ukraine border, 48 km north-west of Kursk, 8 km west of the district center – the town Fatezh, 1 km from the selsoviet center – Soldatskoye.

## Climate and Population

Ozerovka has a warm-summer humid continental climate (Dfb in the Köppen climate classification). The population as of 2010 is 8 people.

## Transport

Ozerovka is located 5 km from the federal route M-2 Crimea Highway as part of the European route E105, 2 km from the road of regional importance 38K-038 (Fatezh – Dmitriyev), on the road of intermunicipal significance 38Н-679 (38K-038 – Soldatskoye – Shuklino), 27.5 km from the nearest railway halt 29 km (railway line Arbuzovo – Luzhki-Orlovskiye).
The rural locality is situated 52 km from Kursk Vostochny Airport, 169 km from Belgorod International Airport and 241 km from Voronezh Peter the Great Airport.
# Stephen L. Adler

Stephen Louis Adler (born November 30, 1939) is an American physicist specializing in elementary particles and field theory. He is currently professor emeritus in the school of natural sciences at the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton, New Jersey.

## Biography

Adler was born in New York City. He received an A.B. degree at Harvard University in 1961, where he was a Putnam Fellow in 1959, and a Ph.D. from Princeton University in 1964. Adler completed his doctoral dissertation, titled High energy neutrino reactions and conservations hypotheses, under the supervision of Sam Treiman. He is the son of Ruth and Irving Adler, and older brother of Peggy Adler.
Adler became a member of the Institute for Advanced Study in 1966, becoming a full professor of theoretical physics in 1969, and was named "New Jersey Albert Einstein Professor" at the institute in 1979. He was elected a member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 1974, and a member of the National Academy of Sciences in 1975.
He has won the J. J. Sakurai Prize from the American Physical Society in 1988, and the Dirac Medal of the International Centre for Theoretical Physics in 1998, among other awards.
Adler's seminal papers on high energy neutrino processes, current algebra, soft pion theorems, sum rules, and perturbation theory anomalies helped lay the foundations for the current standard model of elementary particle physics.
In 2012, Adler contributed to a family venture when he wrote the foreword for his then 99-year-old father's 87th book, Solving the Riddle of Phyllotaxis: Why the Fibonacci Numbers and the Golden Ratio Occur on Plants. The book's diagrams are by his sister Peggy.

## Trace dynamics

In his book Quantum Theory as an Emergent Phenomenon, published 2004, Adler presented his trace dynamics, a framework in which quantum field theory emerges from a matrix theory. In this matrix theory, particles are represented by non-commuting matrices, and the matrix elements of bosonic and fermionic particles are ordinary complex numbers and non-commuting Grassmann numbers, respectively. Using the action principle, a Lagrangian can be constructed from the trace of a polynomial function of these matrices, leading to Hamiltonian equations of motion. The construction of a statistical mechanics of these matrix models leads, so Adler says, to an "emergent effective complex quantum field theory".
Adler's trace dynamics has been discussed in relation to the differential space theory of quantum systems by Norbert Wiener and Amand Siegel, to its variant by David Bohm and Jeffrey Bub, and to modifications of the Schrödinger equation by additional terms such as the quantum potential term or stochastic terms, and to hidden variable theories.
# Orthocomotis benedeki

Orthocomotis benedeki is a species of moth of the family Tortricidae. It is found in Peru.
The wingspan is 30 mm.

## Etymology

The species is named for its collector Dr. B. Benedek.
# Loups Marins River

Loups Marins River (French: Rivière aux Loups Marins, Seal River) is a river in the Côte-Nord region of Quebec, Canada. It empties into the Gulf of Saint Lawrence.

## Location

The Loups Marins River rises on the Canadian Shield and flows south to the Saint Lawrence. The course of the river is dictated by fractures in the bedrock. The mouth of the river is in the municipality of Sept-Îles of the Sept-Rivières Regional County Municipality. The name was made official on 5 December 1968. Its origin is not known. The river's estuary is 2.1 miles (3.4 km) west of the Pointe à la Perche. It gives boats shelter from west winds. A wooden cross standing on the rocks marks the western entrance to the river's estuary, which has about 3 metres (9.8 ft) of water.

## Basin

The river basin cover 186 square kilometres (72 sq mi). It lies between the basins of the Matamec River to the west and the Pigou River to the east. The basin is partly in the unorganized territory of Rivière-Nipissis and partly in the municipality of Sept-Îles.

## Environment

A map of the ecological regions of Quebec shows the river in sub-regions 6j-T and 6m-T of the east spruce/moss subdomain. The hoary bat (Lasiurus cinereus), suspected of being threatened or vulnerable in the province, was observed between 1999 and 2000 in a forest of firs and alders on the west side of the Loups Marins River. The 9.18 square kilometres (3.54 sq mi) Waterfowl concentration area of Rivière aux Loups Marins, Île de la Grande Anse, designated an IUCN Category IV Water fowl gathering area in 1998, covers the east part of the river's estuary and the coastline east to the Île de la Grande Anse.
# Neos Kafkasos

Neos Kafkasos (Greek: Νέος Καύκασος) is a village in the Florina Regional Unit of Macedonia, Greece.
Following the Greek–Turkish population exchange, the Greek state organised the resettlement of Greek refugees and in the Florina area a new border village was built for them called Neos Kafkasos. In 1926 there were 155 refugee families from the Caucasus in the village. The refugee families had come from the province of Kars Oblast (later ceded to Turkey) where under Russian rule (1878–1918) they arrived from Pontus and were resettled by the imperial government, serving as border guards on the Ottoman–Russian frontier. The 1928 Greek census recorded 604 village inhabitants in Neos Kafkasos. In 1928, the refugee families numbered 154 (534 people).
Neos Kafkasos had 348 inhabitants in 1981. In fieldwork done by anthropologist Riki Van Boeschoten in late 1993, Neos Kafkasos was populated by a Greek population descended from Anatolian Greek refugees who arrived during the population exchange. Pontic Greek was spoken by people over 60, mainly in private.
# Frogtown, Washington County, Pennsylvania

Frogtown is an unincorporated community in Independence Township, Washington County, Pennsylvania, United States.
# HMS Bradfield

HMS Bradfield was a Hunt-class minesweeper of the Royal Navy from World War I.
# HMS Widemouth Bay (K615)

HMS Widemouth Bay was a Bay-class anti-aircraft frigate of the Royal Navy, named for Widemouth Bay in Cornwall.
The ship was ordered from Harland and Wolff at Belfast on 2 February 1943 as a Loch-class frigate to be named Loch Frisa and laid down on 26 April 1944 as Admiralty Job Number J3917. During construction the contract was changed, and the ship was completed as a Bay-class frigate and named Widemouth Bay on 5 October 1944. Launched on 19 October, she was completed on 13 April 1945, the first of her class to be completed.

## Service history

After sea trials and training Widemouth Bay sailed in July 1945. She arrived at the Forward Base of the British Pacific Fleet at Manus, Admiralty Islands, in August, just after the Japanese surrender. She remained on the Far East Station, based at Hong Kong, for the next year and a half, supporting post-war repatriation operations, carrying out patrols and escort duties.
In March 1947, along with her sister ships Bigbury Bay, Veryan Bay and Whitesand Bay, she was transferred to Mediterranean Fleet, to reinforce the Palestine Patrol. In September 1948 Widemouth Bay returned to the UK, and was assigned to the Fishery Protection Patrol, operating in the waters around the UK. From January to July 1949, her commanding officer was Anthony Thorold. In July 1949, when she was decommissioned and laid up in Reserve at Sheerness.
Widemouth Bay was recommissioned in June 1951 for service in 4th Training Flotilla of the Home Fleet, based at Rosyth, also acting as an escort ship, and taking part in the Coronation Naval Review at Spithead in June 1953. The ship was decommissioned again in September 1953 and put into Reserve at Chatham.
Widemouth Bay was placed on the Disposal List in 1957, and sold to the British Iron & Steel Corporation (BISCO) for breaking up by Hughes Bolckow. She arrived in tow at the breaker's yard in Blyth on 23 November 1957.
# USNS Flyer

USNS Flyer (T-AG-178), was a type C2-S-B1 cargo ship built for the Maritime Commission (MC) as Water Witch in service under charter by the commission to several lines until purchased in 1946 by United States Lines and renamed American Flyer. After being placed in the Reserve Fleet 14 December 1964 the title was transferred to the United States Navy for use as a deep ocean bathymetric survey ship supporting installation of the Sound Surveillance System (SOSUS). The Navy placed the ship in service 9 February 1965 with the name Flyer given on 22 March. The ship operated in that role until 1975.

## Construction

Water Witch was built under Maritime Commission] contract for MC hull 1209 by the Moore Dry Dock Company of Oakland, California, yard number 296. The keel was laid on 30 October 1944, and the ship launched on 20 December 1944, sponsored by Miss. Margaret Helen Finnel.
On registration the ship was assigned Official Number 247417 and signal ANQN. Registry information for American Flyer shows a crew of 54.

## Service history
### Commercial

The ship was completed 14 March 1945 and placed in service under Maritime Commission agreement with McCormick Steamship Company. On 6 July 1946 Water Witch was bareboat chartered by American South African Lines until 22 October 1946 when United States Lines acquired the ship under the MC agreement until purchasing the ship from the Maritime Commission on 8 November 1946 for $960,642.42. On 27 December 1946 the ship was renamed American Flyer.
On 10 October 1962 the title to American Flyer was surrendered to the Maritime Administration as trade in credit with the line operating the ship under a bareboat charter until delivery to the James River Reserve Fleet on 14 December 1964.

### Navy auxiliary

The ship was acquired by the US Navy from the Maritime Administration (MARAD) in a permanent transfer and placed in service on 9 February 1965, with the name Flyer assigned on 22 March 1965.
Flyer was converted for Naval service as a Miscellaneous Auxiliary, bathymetric survey ship, designated T-AG-178, to perform deep ocean surveys for Project Caesar, the unclassified cover name for installation of the Sound Surveillance System (SOSUS). USNS Flyer was operated by the Military Sea Transportation Service (MSTS) (current Military Sealift Command) for Project Caesar. The ship had a civilian MSTS crew of fourteen officers and thirty-seven seamen. A complement of civilian specialist would compose the survey party.

## Fate

Flyer was struck from the Naval Vessel Register on 17 July 1975 and delivered to the custody of the Maritime Administration in the suisun Bay Reserve Fleet on 22 July 1975. On 27 April Flyer was sold for scrapping to American Ship Dismantlers, Inc.