OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Anthony Moffat

Anthony (Tony) F.J. Moffat is an emeritus professor of astronomy at the Université de Montréal in Montreal, Quebec, Canada. He was appointed as a fellow of the Royal Society of Canada in 2001. Moffat's research focuses on massive stars (Wolf-Rayet stars in particular), stellar winds, binary stars, as well as the structure and dynamics of star formation regions and galaxies.

## Education

Moffat completed his Master of Science at the University of Toronto in 1966. His doctorate was granted in 1970 from University of Bonn (Dr. rer. nat.). He then completed postdoctoral studies at Ruhr-Universität Bochum from 1970 to 1976, and was awarded of his second Dr. Habil. In 1976.
In 1969 he published a paper describing the Moffat distribution, which combines the spread in stellar light due to astronomical seeing and diffraction by the telescope and used to accurately reconstruct point spread functions of images of stars. While originally developed for images taken with photographic plates, these profiles are still widely used in astronomy today.
In a series of papers beginning with a study of the open star cluster NGC 7380 and eleven other clusters, Moffat used photographic UBV photometry to identify massive star populations.

## Career

Moffat was hired to the faculty of Université de Montréal in 1976. He retired, becoming an emeritus professor, in 2008.
During his time at the Université de Montréal, he supervised 8 postdoctoral scientists and 14 doctoral students. This includes Alexandre David-Uraz's research into dust formation around Wolf-Rayet stars.

## Honours and awards

* 1965 - Silver Medal in physics & mathematics, Victoria College University of Toronto
* 1965 - Gold Medal, Royal Astronomical Society of Canada
* 1998, 2000 - Killam Research Fellowship, Canada Council for the Arts
* 2001 - Fellow of the Royal Society of Canada
* 2022 - Carlyle S. Beals Award for Outstanding Research from the Canadian Astronomical Society.
# Dios Nunca Muere

"Dios Nunca Muere" (English: God Never Dies) is a Mexican waltz written by composer and violinist Macedonio Alcalá in 1868. Is the de facto anthem of the state of Oaxaca. "Dios Nunca Muere" has been sung by famous singers like Pedro Infante and Javier Solís.
There are two versions of the creation of this waltz. The first says that was composed when Macedonio Alcala and his wife went through a precarious economic situation and also the composer was at risk of dying, then his friend Roberto Maqueo, seeing their plight, left him without him noticing 12 pesos in silver. The other version says that some Indigenous people from a nearby village visited him to ask for a waltz for the patron of his people, and paid 12 pesos in silver. It is said that when Alcalá received the money, sat on his bed and drew on a wall the first bars of the waltz, which later transcribed on paper; He called this waltz Dios Nunca Muere in gratitude that he had received help when he needed.
To this composition has been assigned several lyrics from which the best known, was written in 1955 by Vicente Garrido Calderón.

## Lyrics

| Coro Muere el sol en los montes Con la luz que agoniza, Pues la vida en su prisa, Nos conduce a morir. | Chorus The sun dies in the mountains With its light fading, Because life in its haste, Leads us to death. |
| Estrofa I Pero que importa saber que voy a tener el mismo final, porque me queda el consuelo Que Dios nunca morirá. | Stanza I But it does not matter to know That I will share the same fate, Because I have the consolation [of knowing] that God will never die. |
| Estrofa II Voy a dejar las cosas que amé La tierra ideal que me vio nacer, sé que después habré de alcanzar, La dicha y la paz, Que en Dios hallaré. | Stanza II I will leave behind the things I loved The ideal land of my birth, I know that later I shall enjoy The joy and peace, that in God I shall find. |
| Estrofa III Sé que la vida empieza En donde se piensa Que la realidad termina Sé que Dios nunca muere Y que se conmueve Del que busca su beatitud. | Stanza III I know that life begins Where it is thought That reality ends I know that God never dies And He is moved By he who seeks His bliss. |
| Estrofa IV Sé que una nueva luz Habrá de alcanzar nuestra soledad Y que todo aquel que llega a morir Empieza a vivir una eternidad. | Stanza IV I know that a new light Will reach our loneliness And all those who happen to die Begin to live forever. |
| Coro Muere el sol en los montes Con la luz que agoniza, Pues la vida en su prisa, Nos conduce a morir. | Chorus The sun dies in the mountains With its light fading, Because life in its haste, Leads us to death. |
# Yazman Tehsil

Yazman (Urdu: تحصیل یزمان) is a tehsil located in Bahawalpur District, Punjab, Pakistan. The city of Yazman is the headquarters of the tehsil which is administratively subdivided into 18 Union Councils. With an area of 19,160 km square, it is the largest tehsil of the Punjab province.

## Demographics

Languages of Yazman Tehsil (2023)
The major languages spoken in the Yazman Tehsil are Punjabi, Saraiki and Hindko.
# Pogranichny District

Pogranichny District (Russian: Пограни́чный райо́н) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the twenty-two in Primorsky Krai, Russia. It is located in the southwest of the krai. The area of the district is 3,750.0 square kilometers (1,447.9 sq mi). Its administrative center is the urban locality (an urban-type settlement) of Pogranichny. Population: 23,492 (2010 Census); 25,761 (2002 Census); 26,604 (1989 Soviet census). The population of the administrative center accounts for 43.8% of the district's total population.

## History

The district was established in 1926.

## Notable residents

* Ruslan Gordiyenko (born 1995 in Pogranichny), football player
# Landi Kotal

Lanḍī Kōtal (Pashto: لنډي کوتل, Urdu: لنڈی کوتل) or Lwargai (Pashto: لواړګی Lwāṛgai) is a town in the Province of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa in Pakistan, and the administrative capital of Khyber District. It was one of the largest towns in the former Federally Administered Tribal Areas, and is located 1,072 metres (3,517 ft) above sea level, on the route across the mountains to the city of Peshawar. Landi Kotal is at the western edge of the Khyber Pass that marks the entrance to the Nangarhar Province of Afghanistan, which is located just 5 kilometres (3 mi) to the west.
Landi Kotal is a tourist destination. It was the terminus railway station of Khyber Pass Railway. A tourist train, the Khyber train safari was run on this railway. However, the train closed down in 2006 after floods washed away the railway track and bridges.
Landi Kotal is the main shopping centre for the Shalmani, Shinwari, Afridi, and Mulagori tribes of Khyber Agency.

## History

Landi Kotal was the westernmost part of the Khyber held by the British during their rule of the Indian subcontinent. In 1897 the Afridis attacked Landi Kotal and other posts in the Khyber Pass. Although the Khyber Rifles put up a stiff defence, Landi Kotal was overrun, as the Rifles lacked water. The British counter-attacked with a force of 34,500 men under Sir William Lockhart, defeating the Afridis, although the Afridis took the town again during the second Anglo-Afghan War.
The Landi Kotal fort during the period of British rule was of the ordinary type, consisting of a keep and an outer fort with accommodation for 5 British officers and 500 native officers and men. From 1899, like the other posts in the Khyber, it had been garrisoned by the Khyber Rifles, an irregular corps of militia recruited from the tribes of the Khyber Agency.
In 1925 the heavily engineered Khyber Pass Railway was opened, linking Jamrud to Landi Kotal.

## Monuments, Landmarks, and Tourist Attractions

One such tourist attraction nearby Landi Kotal is the Khyber Pass, a mountain pass connecting Landi Kotal to the Valley of Peshawar. Another, slightly less known landmark is a banyan tree, which was placed under arrest in 1898 by a drunk British officer named James Squid. While Pakistan became independent from the United Kingdom in 1947, there is still a board on the tree notifying passerby of its arrest.

## Notable people

* Hamza Shinwari
* Shaheen Afridi
* Usman Khan Shinwari
* Khatir Afridi
* Ayub Afridi
# Megastes olivalis

Megastes olivalis is a moth in the family Crambidae. It was described by Schaus in 1924. It is found in Paraguay.
# Zargar-e Goli Bolaghi

Zargar-e Goli Bolaghi (Persian: زرگرگلي بلاغي, also Romanized as Zargar-e Golī Bolāghī; also known as Zargar-e Golī Bolāgh) is a village in Arshaq-e Gharbi Rural District, Moradlu District, Meshgin Shahr County, Ardabil Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 259, in 48 families.
# Antonio Santucci

Antonio Santucci (?–1613) was an Italian astronomer, cosmographer, and scientific instrument maker.
He was a reader in Mathematics at the University of Pisa during 1599–1612. Santucci was an astronomer and cosmographer to Grand Duke Ferdinand I (1549–1609) and later Cosimo II (1590–1621). An attentive observer of comets, most notably that of 1582, he published in 1611 the first edition of Trattato delle comete, in which he argued that, contrary to the prevailing scientific opinion, comets were not atmospheric phenomena. The following year, he wrote Breve discorso sopra il trattato galileiano sulle galleggianti (which survives in manuscript at the National Central Library). He also authored a treatise in 1593, commissioned by Ferdinand I, on the mathematical and surveying instruments in the Guardaroba Medicea collection. His monumental armillary spheres are famous. One sphere, made in 1582 for King Philip II of Spain, is now at the Escorial in Madrid; the other, the most famous Santucci's Armillary Sphere, built in 1588–1593 for the Sala delle Matematiche in the Uffizi, is now at the Museo Galileo of Florence.
# Neville Hunte

Neville Hunte (born 5 August 1948) is a former Guyanese cyclist. He competed in the sprint and 1000m time trial events at the 1972 Summer Olympics.
He is also president of the Guyana Cycling Association of North America, which raises money to provide equipment and training to underserved Guyanese cyclists.
Hunte's brother Cyril is also a competitive cyclist.
# Abu Bakr al-Khassaf

Abu Bakr al-Khassaf (Arabic: أبو بكر الخصاف,Abu Bakr Al-Ḫaṣṣāf ) (died 874, full name Abu-Bakr Ahmad Ibn-Amru ash-Shaybani al-Khassaf) was a Hanafite law scholar at the court of the 14th Abbasid Caliph al-Muhtadi.
He is the author of a seminal work on Qādī, known as أدب القاضي Adab al-qādī. A commentary on the work was written by al-Jaṣṣās in the 10th century. An English translation was published by G. P. Verbit in 2008.
Al-Ḫaṣṣāf is also the author of a Kitāb al-ḥiyal wa-l-maḫārij, a work on legalistic trickery or ḥiyal, and a kitāb aḥkām al-awqāf, on religious institutions or waqf.
The earliest development of this field is the Kitāb al-maḫārij fī l-ḥiyal ("book of evasion and trickery") by Muhammad al-Shaybani (d. 805). A more comprehensive treatment is the Kitāb al-ḥiyal wa-l-maḫārij by Al-Khassaf.

## Editions

* al-Khaṣṣāf, Adab al-qāḍī, ed. Farḥāt Ziyāda (Cairo: American University in Cairo Press, 1978)
* Abubakar Ahmad Ibn ‘Amr al-Khassaf, Kitab Ahkam al-Awqaf (Cairo: Diwan ‘Umum al-Awqaf al-Misriyyah, 1904)
# Bellingshausen Island

Bellingshausen Island is one of the most southerly islands of the South Sandwich Islands, close to Thule Island and Cook Island, and forming part of the Southern Thule group. It is named after its discoverer, Russian Antarctic explorer Fabian von Bellingshausen (1778–1852).
The island is a basaltic andesite stratovolcano, and the latest crater, which is about 152 metres (500 ft) across and 61 metres (200 ft) deep was formed from an explosion some time between 1968 and 1984. Its highest point, at 255 metres (837 ft), is Basilisk Peak. Isaacson Point is its southeast point—an area first charted by Discovery Investigations personnel on the Discovery II in 1930. It was named after Ms. S. M. Isaacson, an assistant to the staff of the Discovery Committee.
# Von Stade

von Stade is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Francis Skiddy von Stade Sr. (1884–1967), American polo player, father of Charles von Stade
* Charles von Stade (1919–1945), American polo champion, father of opera singer Frederica von Stade
* Frederica von Stade (born 1945), American classical singer
# Mauvaisin

Mauvaisin (French pronunciation:; Occitan: Malvesin) is a commune in the Haute-Garonne department in southwestern France.
# El Shams SC

El Shams SC (Arabic: الشمس; lit. 'The Sun Sporting Club') is an Egyptian football and basketball club based in Cairo, Egypt. They are currently a member of Egyptian Second Division, the second flight of Egyptian football.

## History

The club was founded in May 1962 as sports social club and was called the Heliopolis Sporting Club (El Shams), based in the northern section of Cairo Governorate.
El Shams football team participated only once in the Egyptian Premier League and that was in 1997–98. The team managed by Irishman Stephen O'Neill won 5, drew 9, and lost 16 matches earning the 16th place (last place) with Benito M'Parlando finishing top scorer with 7 league goals. As a result, the team was relegated to the Egyptian Premier B.

## Basketball team

El Shams fields a men's basketball that has played in the Egyptian Basketball Premier League.
# Issi ben Judah

Issi ben Judah (Hebrew: איסי בן יהודה, "Issi ben Yehuda") was a Tanna of the late 2nd century and early 3rd century. He is often identified with R. Yosi Ish Hakfar HaBavli (Pirkei Avot 4:26), Yosef HaBavli, Issi Ha-babli, and Yosi/Yosef Ish Hutzal.

## Biography

He made Aliyah from Hutzal, Babylon, to the Land of Israel, and thus his name (Issi/Yosi/Yosef) is often followed by the title "Ha-Bavli" (the Babylonian) or "Ish Hutzal" (man of Hutzal). He was a disciple of Eleazar ben Shammua.
Issi ben Judah is often confounded with Issi ben Judah bar 'Hai.
The Talmud cites a baraita Issi had several other names:
   With regard to Rabbi Yosei of Hutzal, it was taught: The Yosef of Hutzal mentioned in other places in the Gemara is the same person as Yosef the Babylonian. Yosef is the full name of Yosei. Furthermore, he is also known as Isi ben Gur Arye, he is Isi ben Yehuda, he is Isi ben Gamliel, and he is Isi ben Mahalalel. And what is his real name? His real name is Isi ben Akavya.
He was distinguished by the high esteem in which he held his colleagues, whose learning and ability he characterized in the most flattering terms.

## Teachings
### Halacha

He ruled that the commandment to stand in the presence of the aged (Leviticus 19:32), which other rabbis believed applies only to an elderly Talmid Chacham, in fact applies to any aged person.
He valued the respect of parents so highly that (according to him) one must abandon fulfilling any mitzvah that can be fulfilled by another person, if that is necessary to carry out a father's order.
His opinions regarding culpability for sabbath transgressions and regarding anyone's right to eat from another's vineyard were recorded in the so-called Meggilat Setarim (Scroll of Hidden Things). However, in both cases his opinion is rejected by the Rabbis.

### Aggadah

He declared that there are five passages in the Pentateuch, each of which contains a word that cannot be positively connected with either the preceding or the following words. This remark was afterward incorporated in the Masorah, where it is noted that "there are five passages in the Pentateuch that have an undecided word."
# National Organization for Passive Defense

The National Organization for Passive Defense is an Iranian government bureau for civil defense. It was approved in August 2023. It will arm and defend the infrastructure from biologic, cyber, nuclear, electronic, chemical warfare and the CBRNE threat.
It works mainly with Iranian corporations and government departments and Ministry of Defense, Ministry of Industry, and Iranian Armed Forces.
It consists of a high commission council and is financed by both the government and private corporations.

## Chart

| Organizational structure | |
| Deputy of energy | Deputy of technical and systems |
| Deputy of health | Deputy of infrastructure |
| Deputy of industrial, commerce, military complex | Deputy of research and training |
| Deputy of cultural | Deputy of ICT |
| Deputy of coordinator | Deputy of cities |
| Director of intelligence protection | Basij in provincial affair معاون بسیج امور استان‌های سازمان |

## Timeline

In 2022 it introduced SOC, SCADA- EMS DDOS mitigation.
In 2023 it requested boycotting Europe diplomatically over Quran burning.
# Madeleine Ponsonby, Countess of Bessborough

Madeleine Lola Margaret Ponsonby, Countess of Bessborough, CBE (née Grand; born 8 November 1935), is an English art dealer who married into the aristocratic Ponsonby family. She is the founder of New Art Centre, London, and Roche Court Sculpture Park and Gallery, Winterslow, Wiltshire.

## Personal life

Madeleine Lola Margaret Grand was born the only child of Maj. Gen. Laurence Douglas Grand and Irene Lola Hilda Mathew. About her parents, Bessborough remarked much later: "I was lucky in that I came from a family where we were told you could do anything. My father was a soldier and worked for the Secret Intelligence Service during the second world war, and my mother was one of the first women to go to Cambridge."
On 17 December 1963, she married Arthur Ponsonby, 11th Earl of Bessborough. She became his third wife. Together they had two children.

## Career

In 1958, she was the founder of the New Art Centre in Sloane Street, London. In 1994, the gallery was relocated to Roche Court, East Winterslow, Wiltshire, and renamed New Art Centre Sculpture Park and Gallery. She is a trustee of the Roche Court Educational Trust, a charity that promotes appreciation of sculpture and other arts among young people through visits to the park and by outreach.
She was on the Council of the Royal College of Art from 1962 until 1973. She is also a lay canon of Salisbury Cathedral.

## Honours

Lady Bessborough was awarded an OBE in the 2010 New Year Honours (“for services to the Visual Arts”). She was awarded a CBE in the 2023 New Year Honours (“for services to Art Education and to Salisbury Cathedral”). On being awarded a CBE she commented: “It is wonderful, but it is not just for me. It is for all of us who work here. This is my life and I have been lucky to do something I love.”
A portrait by photographer Anne-Katrin Purkiss is in the collection of the National Portrait Gallery, London.
# Dargir

Dargir (Persian: درگير, also Romanized as Dargīr and Dar Gīr) is a village in Isin Rural District, in the Central District of Bandar Abbas County, Hormozgan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 1,310, in 299 families.
# Harcourt Wason

Harcourt Wason (born 14 April 1956) is a Barbadian sprinter. He competed in the men's 4 × 400 metres relay at the 1976 Summer Olympics.
# Basegi Nature Reserve

Basegi Nature Reserve (Russian: Басеги заповедник) (also Bassegi) is a Russian 'zapovednik' (strict nature reserve) along the Basegi Ridge, in the Middle Ural Mountains. "Basegi" means "beautiful" in the local Urals dialect. It is relatively untouched by commercial use, and thus the area has scientific value as a "reference site" for spruce-fir forests of the Urals. It also supports spawning habitat for trout and grayling. The main rivers are the Usva River (northern border of nature reserve) and the Vilva River (southern border). There are also some small rivers, that have rapids typical of mountain rivers. The reserve is situated in the Gremyachinsk area of Perm Krai.

## Topography

The reserve covers the Basegi Ridge, which runs north-south, and is divided into three sections (Southern, Middle and Northern Basegi) by steep ravines. The Basegi's geology is stable Lower Paleozoic and Proterozoic quartzite, facing the surface, with lesser amounts of granite and diabase. The main rivers are the Usva River (the northern border of the nature reserve) and the Vilva River (southern border). There is also a network of smaller rivers.

## Climate and ecoregion

Basegi is located in the Urals montane tundra and taiga ecoregion, a region that covers the Ural Mountains in a band that is narrow from west-east, but runs up most of the divide between European and Asiatic Russia. The region is a meeting zones of taiga and tundra tree and plant species.
The climate of Basegi is Humid continental climate, cool summer (Köppen climate classification Subarctic climate(Dfc)). This climate is characterized by mild summers (only 1–3 months above 10 °C (50.0 °F)) and cold, snowy winters (coldest month below −3 °C (26.6 °F)).

## Flora and fauna

There are more than 250 species of plants in the nature reserve, among them more 45 are rare. Many species of mosses and lichens. 50 species of mammals, more than 180 species of birds, 1 species of reptile, 17 species of fish and 3 species of amphibians. Fauna is typical for taiga. Species, protected by Red Data Book of the Russian Federation, include:
* Lichens: Lobaria pulmonaria
* Plants: Calypso orchid
* Invertebrates: clouded Apollo butterfly and others
* Fishes: Hucho taimen and others
* Birds: golden eagle, Eurasian curlew, white-tailed eagle, peregrine falcon, black stork, Eurasian eagle-owl and others.
The reserve has a large community of shrews, of 6 species. In some years, the body mass of shrews can total over 70% of the total weight of vertebrates in the territory.

## Ecotourism

As a strict nature reserve, the Basegi Reserve is mostly closed to the general public, although scientists and those with 'environmental education' purposes can make arrangements with park management for visits. There is an 'ecotourist' hiking route to the top of North Basegi Mountain in the reserve, however, that is open to the public. Permits must be obtained in writing in advance. The main office is in the city of Gremyachinsk.
# Hohenlohe (district)

The Hohenlohe (German: Hohenlohekreis) is a Landkreis (district) in the north of Baden-Württemberg, Germany. Neighboring districts are (from north clockwise) Neckar-Odenwald, Main-Tauber, Schwäbisch Hall and Heilbronn.
Künzelsau is the administrative centre of the district.

## Industry and companies

The Hohenlohekreis is host to many internationally active companies in the screws and ventilation industries.
* Würth
* Stahl

## History

The district was created in 1973 by merging the previous districts of Öhringen and Künzelsau. It was named after the Hohenlohe family, who had once ruled most of the area until 1806, when they lost their independence as this area became part of the Kingdom of Württemberg.

## Geography

The two main rivers of the districts are the Kocher and Jagst, both tributaries of the Neckar. The highest elevation in the district, at 523 m (1,716 ft), is the Mühlberg, near Waldenburg.

## Partnerships

Since 1990, the district has had a partnership with the County Limerick in the Republic of Ireland. In the same year, it also started a friendship with the district of Großenhain (now part of the district of Meissen) in Saxony, helping to build the administration according to West German standards.

## Dialect

The dialect spoken locally is Hohenlohisch, an East Franconian dialect.

## Coat of arms

The coat of arms in its upper part shows two lions, which is the symbol of the family of Hohenlohe, who once had ruled most of the area. The Wheel of Mainz in the lower half is the symbol of the clerical state of Mainz, which also had some possessions around Krautheim.

## Cities and municipalities

| Cities | Administrative districts | Municipalities |
| Forchtenberg Ingelfingen Krautheim Künzelsau Neuenstein Niedernhall Öhringen Waldenburg | Hohenloher Ebene Krautheim Künzelsau Kochertal Öhringen | Bretzfeld Dörzbach Kupferzell Mulfingen Pfedelbach Schöntal Weißbach Zweiflingen |
# Tirunedunkulam

Tirunedunkulam is a neighbourhood of the city of Tiruchirappalli in Tamil Nadu, India. It is situated in the heart of the city.

## Demographics

As per the 2001 census, Tirunedunkulam had a population of 1,464 with 732 males and 732 females. The sex ratio was 1000 and the literacy rate, 82.02.