OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Contact order

The contact order of a protein is a measure of the locality of the inter-amino acid contacts in the protein's native state tertiary structure. It is calculated as the average sequence distance between residues that form native contacts in the folded protein divided by the total length of the protein. Higher contact orders indicate longer folding times, and low contact order has been suggested as a predictor of potential downhill folding, or protein folding that occurs without a free energy barrier. This effect is thought to be due to the lower loss of conformational entropy associated with the formation of local as opposed to nonlocal contacts.
Relative contact order (CO) is formally defined as:
    $CO={1 \over {L\cdot N}}\sum ^{N}\Delta S_{i,j}$
where N is the total number of contacts, ΔSi,j is the sequence separation, in residues, between contacting residues i and j, and L is the total number of residues in the protein. The value of contact order typically ranges from 5% to 25% for single-domain proteins, with lower contact order belonging to mainly helical proteins, and higher contact order belonging to proteins with a high beta-sheet content.
Protein structure prediction methods are more accurate in predicting the structures of proteins with low contact orders. This may be partly because low contact order proteins tend to be small, but is likely to be explained by the smaller number of possible long-range residue-residue interactions to be considered during global optimization procedures that minimize an energy function. Even successful structure prediction methods such as the Rosetta method overproduce low-contact-order structure predictions compared to the distributions observed in experimentally determined protein structures.
The percentage of the natively folded contact order can also be used as a measure of the "nativeness" of folding transition states. Phi value analysis in concert with molecular dynamics has produced transition-state models whose contact order is close to that of the folded state in proteins that are small and fast-folding. Further, contact orders in transition states as well as those in native states are highly correlated with overall folding time.
In addition to their role in structure prediction, contact orders can themselves be predicted based on a sequence alignment, which can be useful in classifying the fold of a novel sequence with some degree of homology to known sequences.
# Sadhu Singh (athlete)

Sadhu Singh was an Indian racewalker. He competed in the men's 10 kilometres walk at the 1948 Summer Olympics.
# Maud Hansson

Maud Hansson (5 December 1937 – 1 October 2020) was a Swedish film actress. She appeared in 20 films between 1956 and 1991. Her filmography includes supporting roles in the Ingmar Bergman films The Seventh Seal and Wild Strawberries (both 1957) as well as her portrayal of the slightly naive maid Lina in the Emil of Lönneberga films (1971–1973) based on Astrid Lindgren's books.

## Selected filmography

| Year | Title | Role | Notes |
| 1956 | Tarps Elin | Ingrid, age 14 | |
| 1957 | The Seventh Seal | Witch | |
| 1957 | Wild Strawberries | Angelica Borg | |
| 1958 | The Venetian | Nena, hennes tjänsteflicka | TV film |
| 1961 | Karneval | Lena | |
| 1963 | En vacker dag | Cornelia | |
| 1971 | Emil i Lönneberga | Pigan Lina | |
| 1972 | Nya hyss av Emil i Lönneberga | Pigan Lina | |
| 1973 | Emil och griseknoen | Lina | |
| 1974 | Världens bästa Karlsson | Mrs. Johanson, the sales agent | |
# Jeff Campbell (American football)

Jeff Campbell (born March 29, 1968) is an American former professional football player who played wide receiver for the Detroit Lions and Denver Broncos. He was selected by the Lions in the fifth round of the 1990 NFL draft.
# Seix

Seix (French pronunciation:; Occitan: Sèish) is a commune in the southwestern French department of Ariège.

## Population

Inhabitants of Seix are called Seixois.

## Sights

* The Château de Mirabat, a Middle Ages castle, known to be in ruins in the 14th century, is in the communes of Seix, Oust and Ustou. Situated on the western end of the ridge of Mirabat, it looks directly over the town, and dominates the three valleys providing approaches to the north or south. It was once linked to a smaller fortification lower down on the southern slope which was possibly an intermediate 'barracks'. The castle was commissioned by Charlemagne (Charles Magna, or 'King Charles', of the 'Carol-ingian' dynasty that was to rule France for many years, having deposed the long haired 'Merovingian' dynasty of before) at the turn of the 10th century. Raiding south into more barbarous lands, he needed to protect his lines of communication and possible retreat, this pass through the mountains being a key link, and possible 'bottleneck'. It would almost certainly have served as a signal station also. A previous less informed expedition, returning through the western Pyrenees region, had become strung out on the march and was ransacked and destroyed by the tough mountain inhabitants. Built (and possibly garrisoned) by the townsfolk, they were thereafter made 'free men' by the King in gratitude for their service. It was almost certainly a wooden structure in the beginning, being upgraded to stone maybe a century later, as its importance increased entering the Feudal period. Much of the shape, and a metre or so of the wall, still survives nearly a millennia later.
# Denis Sobolev

Denis Olegovich Sobolev (Russian: Денис Олегович Соболев; born 13 August 1993) is a Russian professional footballer who plays as a midfielder.

## Club career

Sobolev made his Russian Football National League debut for FC Mordovia Saransk on 25 September 2010 in a game against FC Rotor Volgograd.

## Personal life

His identical twin brother Anton Sobolev is also a footballer.
# Qeshlaq-e Qalehjiq

Qeshlaq-e Qalehjiq (Persian: قشلاق قلعه جيق, also Romanized as Qeshlāq-e Qal‘ehjīq) is a village in Vargahan Rural District, in the Central District of Ahar County, East Azerbaijan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 46, in 11 families.
# The Sweet (album)

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic | link |
| Christgau's Record Guide | B− |
The Sweet is a compilation album released as Sweet's debut album in the US and Canada, substituting for the 1971 UK album Funny How Sweet Co-Co Can Be. (The band's second album, Sweet Fanny Adams was also not given a US release, but tracks from that and the band's third album Desolation Boulevard were combined on the US version of that album to compensate for this.)
The album consisted primarily of singles and B-sides released in the UK and Europe in 1972 and 1973. One of the singles, "Little Willy", was Sweet's first and biggest hit single in the US. The singles "Wig-Wam Bam", "Hell Raiser" and "Block Buster!" were also on the album. Commercially it did not do well, only reaching No. 191 in the Billboard 200.

## Track listing

* "Little Willy" (Mike Chapman, Nicky Chinn) – 3:13
* "New York Connection" – 3:35
* "Wig-Wam Bam" (Chapman, Chinn) – 3:03
* "Done Me Wrong All Right" – 2:58
* "Hell Raiser" (Chapman, Chinn) – 3:15
* "Block Buster!" (Chapman, Chinn) – 3:12
* "Need a Lot of Lovin'" – 3:00
* "Man from Mecca" – 2:45
* "Spotlight" – 2:47
* "You're Not Wrong for Loving Me" – 2:58
# Bueng Samakkhi district

Bueng Samakkhi (Thai: บึงสามัคคี, pronounced) is a district (amphoe) in the eastern part of Kamphaeng Phet province, central Thailand.

## History

Tambon Rahan, Wang Cha-on, and Bueng Samakkhi were separated from Khanu Woralaksaburi district to form the minor district (king amphoe) Bueng Samakkhi on 30 April 1994. The government selected the name Bueng Samakkhi to commemorate the unity of the people in the district.
On 15 May 2007, all 81 minor districts were upgraded to full districts. On August 24 the upgrade became official.

## Geography

Neighboring districts are (from the south clockwise) Khanu Woralaksaburi, Khlong Khlung, Sai Thong Watthana of Kamphaeng Phet Province, Sam Ngam, Pho Prathap Chang and Bueng Na Rang of Phichit province.

## Administration

The district is divided into four sub-districts (tambons), which are further subdivided into 45 villages (mubans). There are no municipal (thesaban) areas. There are four tambon administrative organizations (TAO).
| No. | Name | Thai name | Villages | Pop. |
| 1. | Bueng Samakkhi | บึงสามัคคี | 12 | 4,917 |
| 2. | Wang Cha-on | วังชะโอน | 14 | 9,028 |
| 3. | Rahan | ระหาน | 10 | 7,532 |
| 4. | Thep Nimit | เทพนิมิต | 9 | 5,186 |
# Chodská Lhota

Chodská Lhota (until 1946 Lhota u Kdyně; German: Melhut) is a municipality and village in Domažlice District in the Plzeň Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 400 inhabitants.
Chodská Lhota lies approximately 16 kilometres (10 mi) south-east of Domažlice, 50 km (31 mi) south-west of Plzeň, and 127 km (79 mi) south-west of Prague.
# Jusepa Vaca

Jusepa Vaca (c. 1589-1653) was a Spanish stage actress, known as "la Gallarda". She belonged to the more famous and popular of her era, celebrated by artists such as Lope de Vega and Luis Vélez de Guevara as one of the most famed actresses in Spain of her time.
# Catherine J. Bell

Catherine J. Bell (born October 25, 1954, in Comox, British Columbia) is a Canadian trade unionist and politician. She was elected as the New Democratic Party's candidate in the 2006 federal election in the riding of Vancouver Island North, serving for one term. While in Parliament, she served as the NDP's critic for natural resources.
Bell lives with her husband, Roger Kishi, in Cumberland, British Columbia. She previously served as vice-president of the B.C. Government and Service Employees Union. She is a member of the Social Planning and Research Council of B.C. and she has served on the social justice committee of the B.C. Federation of Labour. She is also a member and volunteer with the World Community Development Education Society, Co-Development Canada, the Comox Valley Coalition to Save Social Programs and the Comox Valley Women to Women Global Strategies.
Bell has continued with electoral reform work in parliament championed by Ed Broadbent in the 38th Canadian Parliament through a defeated bill and petition.
In the 2004 federal election, she finished second in Vancouver Island North, losing to Conservative Party of Canada incumbent John Duncan by 483 votes. In the 2006 federal election she defeated Duncan by 616 votes (23552 to 22936). However, in the 2008 election, she was unseated by Duncan by over 2400 votes.
A record of Bell's statements in the House is available.
# James Alfred Sanderson

James Alfred Sanderson was a Canadian politician from the Conservative Party of Ontario. He represented Grenville in the Legislative Assembly of Ontario from 1931 to 1934.
# Campagne-sur-Arize

Campagne-sur-Arize (French pronunciation:, literally Campagne on Arize; Occitan: Campanha d'Arisa) is a commune in the Ariège department in southwestern France.
# Lane K. Akiona

Lane K. Akiona is a Roman Catholic priest of the Hawaiian Province of the Congregation of the Sacred Hearts of Jesus and Mary and a member of the Order of the Holy Sepulchre and the Order of Saint Lazarus of Jerusalem.
He was born on the island of Moloka‘i in the Hawaiian Islands and serves as pastor of Saint Augustine by the Sea Catholic Church in the Waikiki district of Honolulu. He also served as the vicar forane for the East Honolulu Vicariate of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Honolulu. Fr. Lane, has been the priest at St. Augustine's since January 2006.
He serves as the Provincial of the United States Province of the Priests and Brothers of the Sacred Hearts of Jesus and Mary (SS.CC.).
# Ting, Iran

Ting (Persian: تينگ, also Romanized as Tīng; also known as Tīnk and Tīnk-e Bālā) is a village in Negur Rural District, Dashtiari District, Chabahar County, Sistan and Baluchestan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 97, in 31 families.
# Kwamina

Kwamina is a musical with the libretto by Robert Alan Aurthur and music and lyrics by Richard Adler.

## Production

The musical opened in out of town tryouts in Toronto, where, as noted by Ken Mandelbaum, "The reviews were promising", and then ran in Boston. Kwamina premiered on Broadway at the 54th Street Theatre on October 23, 1961, and closed on November 18, 1961, after 32 performances. The production starred Sally Ann Howes, Terry Carter, Robert Guillaume, and Brock Peters, and was directed by Robert Lewis and choreographed by Agnes de Mille. Mandelbaum noted that the Broadway reviews were "mixed but mostly negative", but did praise de Mille, her dancers, and the set.

## Synopsis

The son of an African tribal chief returns home after attending medical school in London and finds his modern methods conflict with his village's traditions. He also butts heads with the village's white female doctor, but he ultimately falls in love with her.

## Original cast album

The original cast album was recorded for Capitol Records on Monday, November 20, 1961 following the Saturday close two days earlier. A cast album had already been planned based on hopes that the show would be a hit, but Capitol Records, despite the extremely short run of the show, went ahead and made and released the album, and it has since reached a cult status. It has recently been made available for online download on iTunes and Amazon (UK).
Jazz pianist Billy Taylor released The Original Jazz Score of Kwamina in 1961.
# Morozov, Fatezhsky District, Kursk Oblast

Morozov (Russian: Морозов) is a rural locality (a khutor) in Soldatsky Selsoviet Rural Settlement, Fatezhsky District, Kursk Oblast, Russia. The population as of 2010 is 37.

## Geography

The khutor is located on the Ruda River (a link tributary of the Usozha in the basin of the Svapa), 88 km from the Russia–Ukraine border, 43 km north-west of Kursk, 16 km south-west of the district center – the town Fatezh, 12 km from the selsoviet center – Soldatskoye.

### Climate

Morozov has a warm-summer humid continental climate (Dfb in the Köppen climate classification).

## Transport

Morozov is located 15 km from the federal route M-2 Crimea Highway as part of the European route E105, 14 km from the road of regional importance 38K-038 (Fatezh – Dmitriyev), on the road of intermunicipal significance 38Н-679 (38K-038 – Soldatskoye – Shuklino), 26 km from the nearest railway halt 552 km (railway line Navlya – Lgov-Kiyevsky).
The rural locality is situated 48 km from Kursk Vostochny Airport, 158 km from Belgorod International Airport and 245 km from Voronezh Peter the Great Airport.
# Alfred Thornton

Alfred Horace Thornton (27 January 1853 – 31 March 1906) was an English amateur footballer who played for England in the first representative international match against Scotland in 1870. By profession, he was a banker.

## Family and education

Thornton was born in Rawalpindi, Pakistan, the son of Edward Parry Thornton C.B. and Louisa Chicheliana Plowden. Edward Thornton was the grandson of Samuel Thornton, former Governor of the Bank of England and was Commissioner of Rawalpindi from 1849 to 1858 under Lord Lawrence, and Judicial Commissioner for the Punjab from 1858 to 1862. He was awarded the C.B. in 1860 in recognition of his services.
Between 1867 and 1869, Alfred attended Harrow School. In his final year at Harrow, he was a member of the school football team.
Two elder brothers, Richard Chicheley Thornton and Robert Milnes Thornton, attended Harrow from 1861 to 1864 and 1867 respectively; Richard joined the 77th (Middlesex) Regiment in 1867, attaining the rank of Lieut.-Colonel, while Robert joined the 5th Fusiliers in 1867. A younger brother, George Walter Thornton, also attended Harrow (from 1869 to 1871); he died at Avranches in Normandy on 2 May 1873.

## Football career

Thornton was a member of the Wanderers club, to whom he was probably introduced by E. E. Bowen, a master at Harrow School.
In March 1870, along with Bowen, he was invited to play for the English XI in a match arranged by C. W. Alcock against a side representing Scotland. This was the first of a series of matches played over the next two years, before the first official football international in November 1872. There was no score in the match until 75 minutes had elapsed, when the English goalkeeper moved out of goal to play upfield; the Scots took advantage of the exposed goal when Robert Crawford scored with a shot from distance:
   . . . the game progressed until within a quarter of an hour of the time determined for the cessation of play, when the English rashly removing their goalkeeper paid the penalty by witnessing the reduction of their fortress to a long shot by R.E. Crawford.
England fought back to score through Alfred Baker to salvage a draw a minute from the end of the game.
As well as being a member of the Wanderers, Thornton played for the Harrow Chequers. On 14 October 1871, he played for Harrow Chequers against the Wanderers; the teams played out a 0–0 draw. The Morning Post mentioned Thornton as "conspicuous for excellent play". Three days later, Thornton played for the Wanderers in a 1–0 victory over the Civil Service.

## Professional career

On leaving school, Thornton became a banker progressing to manager of the Old Bank and Brewery at Windsor. The bank and brewery were owned by Nevile, Reid & Co. and was founded as Ramsbottom & Baverstock in 1780. In 1914, the bank was acquired by Barclays Bank. The brewery was acquired by Noakes & Co. of Bermondsey, London in 1918, eventually becoming part of the Courage Brewery.
In the 1881 census, he was shown as living at 51 Thames Street, Clewer, Berkshire; his occupation was "banker".
Thornton was also a J.P. for the County of Berkshire. He died on 31 March 1906, aged 53.
# Alexei Kamenski

Alexei Kamenski is a Russian sport shooter. He competed at the 2012 Summer Olympics in the Men's 10 metre air rifle.
# Vaux, Haute-Garonne

Vaux (French pronunciation: ; Occitan: Le Bauç) is a commune in the Haute-Garonne department in southwestern France.
# The Death of Adonis (Rubens)

The Death of Adonis is a painting by Peter Paul Rubens, executed c. 1614, now in the Israel Museum in Jerusalem. It shows the dead Adonis being mourned by Venus, Cupid and the Three Graces.
The painting was donated to the Israel Museum by Saul P. Steinberg.
It represents the mythological episode of the death of the god Adonis by the fangs of a wild boar sent by Artemis. It is one of the most represented moments in the history of art, for example by Juan Bautista Martínez del Mazo, Poussin or Ribera.
# Jin Qeshlaqi, East Azerbaijan

Jin Qeshlaqi (Persian: جين قشلاقي, also Romanized as Jīn Qeshlāqī) is a village in Garmeh-ye Jonubi Rural District, in the Central District of Meyaneh County, East Azerbaijan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 44, in 8 families.
# 1908 in Belgium

The following lists events that happened during 1908 in the Kingdom of Belgium.

## Incumbents

* Monarch: Leopold II
* Prime Minister: Frans Schollaert

## Events

* 9 January – Frans Schollaert formally takes office as prime minister, after the sudden death of Jules de Trooz at the end of the previous year.
* 19 April – Confédération syndicale belge organization is founded.
* 24 May – Partial legislative elections
* 25 May – Parliament ratifies the 1907 copyright convention with Germany.
* 14 June – Provincial elections
* 10 July – Paul Van Asbroeck wins a gold medal at the 1908 Olympic Games
* 30 September – Premiere of Maurice Maeterlinck's The Blue Bird at the Moscow Art Theatre
* 18 October – Belgian Parliament passes the Colonial Charter on the Belgian annexation of the Congo Free State.
* 30 October – Cabinet reshuffle with Jules Renkin becoming first Minister for Colonies
* 15 November – Congo Free State becomes Belgian Congo

## Publications

* Émile de Borchgrave, Souvenirs diplomatiques de quarante ans (Brussels)
* Fernand Crommelynck, Le sculpteur de masques (Brussels, Edmond Deman)
* Stijn Streuvels, Tieghem: Het Vlaamsche lustoord (Ghent, Vercauteren)
* Joseph Van den Gheyn, Catalogue des manuscrits de la Bibliothèque royale de Belgique, vol. 8.
* Emile Verhaeren, James Ensor (Brussels, G. Van Oest)

### Periodicals

* L'Expansion belge begins publication.

## Art and architecture
### Buildings

* Sint-Petrus-en-Pauluskerk, Ostend (begun 1899)

### Films

* Durch Brüssel in 10 Minuten (9-minute documentary).

## Births

* 2 January – André Verbeke, architect (died 1978)
* 23 January – Stanislas-André Steeman, writer (died 1970)
* 14 March – Joseph André, priest (died 1973)
* 14 May – Jules Lismonde, artist (died 2001)
* 20 September – Simon Dewinter, boxer (died 1972)
* 4 October – Celeste van Exem, missionary (died 1993)
* 16 November – Emmanuelle Cinquin, religious sister (died 2008)
* 24 November – Hubert Ansiaux, banker (died 1987)
* 28 November – Claude Lévi-Strauss, anthropologist (died 2009)

## Deaths

* 4 February – Albert Lancaster (born 1849), meteorologist
* 6 February – Jan Portielje (born 1829), painter
* 22 February – Édouard van den Corput (born 1821), physician
* 10 May – Eugène Lafont (born 1837), missionary
* 5 June – Jef Lambeaux (born 1852), sculptor
* 21 June – Luís Cruls (born 1848), astronomer
* 19 June – Louis van Waefelghem (born 1840), viola d'amore player
* 4 August – Piet Verhaert (born 1852), painter
* 24 December – François-Auguste Gevaert (born 1828), musicologist
# Four Bucketeers

The Four Bucketeers were an ad hoc music/water-throwing group from the ITV children's programme Tiswas.
Officially, the Four were Chris Tarrant, Sally James, John Gorman and Bob Carolgees; sometimes Lenny Henry contributed as well. Gorman was the musical talent in the group, having been part of The Scaffold and the Grimms. The musicians backing them up included Ollie Halsall (guitar), John Halsey (drums) and Clive Griffiths (bass).
The Four Bucketeers' best-known number (and also their highest-charting single) was "The Bucket Of Water Song", which reached No. 26 in the UK Singles Chart in 1980.
Originally the song was composed and performed as a sketch within the Tiswas programme. According to Sally James, "John came in one day and he said ‘I’ve sort of got this idea’. It’s a march basically, and we all sing this song. And it’s another excuse to chuck buckets of water! So obviously we didn’t do it in the studio. We had this little area outside the back of the studio where a camera would sort of poke out of the window, so we ended the show down there marching about, sploshing all this water from the buckets. And then the next week it was incredible, because the people were jamming the switchboard, ‘I’ve got to have this record!’. There was never any idea that it would be a record, but of course we did quickly make a record and it became a hit. It just all happened so left-of-field and so unplanned…but then that’s how a lot of things did happen in Tiswas. Things that you think would work, don’t, and things that you ‘Oh that’ll be good for a one-off’ end up being huge hits".
The moniker 'The Four Bucketeers' came about as a way of circumnavigating any potential copyright difficulties of using the 'Tiswas' brand when Tarrant and Co. performed the song outside of the TV show situation, and the initial record release. Ultimately though, a compromise was reached and thereafter, the phrase 'Tiswas presents The Four Bucketeers' was used.
The aquatic theme was carried through into a less successful follow-up single, the anthemic waltz-time "Water Is Wonderful", which eulogised:
    'Water is wonderful, water's superb
    'Water's too powerful to conquer or curb
    'Water's at its best when you can chuck it
    'Over yourself from out of a bucket.'
An album, entitled Tiswas Presents The Four Bucketeers, was also released. This included both singles (albeit a different version of "Water Is Wonderful") together with other skits from the television series. Contrary to the impression given by the singles, these were not all concerned with pailborne aquatic antics. All of The Four Bucketeers' records were produced by Neil Innes.
A third single was released from the album featuring Matthew Butler (the 6 year old who dressed as a rabbit) singing "Bright Eyes".