OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Heinzenberg Castle

Heinzenberg Castle German: Burg Heinzenberg is a ruined castle in the municipality of Cazis in the Viamala Region of the canton of Graubünden in Switzerland.

## History

Heinzenberg Castle was built on the western side of the Domleschg Valley in the 12th century by the Freiherr von Vaz. In contrast to the small landholdings of other castles in the region, Heinzenberg was the political and judicial center over much of the valley. Though the first mention of the castle was in 1394, by 1380 the name was applied to the river and the entire side of the valley. The castle was the center of the Vaz family's power in the region until the extinction of the line in 1337–38.
After the extinction of the House of Vaz (Haus von Vatz), the castle passed through the marriage dowry of Ursula von Vatz to Count Rudolph IV von Werdenberg-Sargans. His son Johann sold it in 1383 to Ulrich Bran von Rhäzüns. In 1450 there was a dispute over inheritance in the Rhäzüns family, the imperial court at Rottweil assigned Heinzenberg to Ursula von Hohenberg, a member of the Rhäzüns family. The castle was damaged in 1451–52 during fighting in the nearby Schams part of the valley. In 1461 the castle returned to the Werdenberg-Sargans family. In 1475 the Heinzenberg lands, except for the castle, was sold to the Bishop of Chur. In 1482 there was a Werdenberg vogt resident in the castle. After the death of Count Georg von Werdenberg-Sargans in 1504, it was abandoned and fell into ruin.

## Castle site

The castle was built on a narrow, rocky outcropping below the village of Präz, on the slopes above the valley. A ditch protects the relatively flat mountain side of the outcropping. The tower has a pentagon shaped floor plan and today is about three stories tall. Before its partial collapse in 1956 the tower was a total of six stories high. It was crowned with battlements and topped with a wooden roof. A second construction phase added a ring wall around the tower. The west part of the ring wall is still standing. The remains of a southern wall show that a several story tall residence probably stood there.

## Gallery

* Heinzenberg castle site
* Interior of the residence hall
* North-east wall
* One of the stones from the ruins
# Koo Yun-cheol

Koo Yun-cheol (Korean: 구윤철, born 1965) is a South Korean government official currently serving as the Minister for Government Policy Coordination since 2020. He previously served as the Vice Minister of Economy and Finance from 2018 to 2020.

## Career

After qualifying for the Public Administration Examination, he had been involved in various positions within the Ministry of Economy and Finance (including the predecessor Ministry of Planning and Budget). He also used to work at the Office of the President under the former President Roh Moo-hyun. During the presidency of Lee Myung-bak, he was a senior secretary of the Inter-American Development Bank.
Following the inauguration of the President Moon Jae-in, Koo became the Chief of Budget Office within the Ministry of Economy and Finance. He was promoted to the deputy head of the Ministry in December 2018.
Prior to the 2020 election, Koo was one of the potential candidate in Daegu-North Gyeongsang area. He, however, declined to run, citing, "I'm neither willing, nor not in a situation to run."
On 8 May 2020, Koo was appointed the new Minister for Government Policy Coordination.
He has been widely considered as the potential Deputy Prime Minister.

## Education

Koo is a graduate of Youngshin High School and read economics at Seoul National University. He obtained a master's degree in public policy at the University of Wisconsin–Madison, and a doctorate in business administration at Chung-Ang University.
# Kwak Sang-eon

Kwak Sang-eon (Korean: 곽상언, born 18 November 1971) is a South Korean politician and lawyer serving as a member of the National Assembly. He is known as the son-in-law of former President Roh Moo-hyun.
Kwak worked as a lawyer after passing the bar exam in 2001. He was very interested in public interest litigation activities, such as his lawsuit against Korea Electric Power Corporation from 2012 to 2023.
He announced his entry into politics in August 2019 and was defeated in the 2020 general election, but gained political experience while serving as vice president of the Democratic Party of Korea's Democratic Research Institute. In April 2024, he was elected to the National Assembly, defeating the People Power Party's candidate Choi Jae-hyung in the Jongno, often described as "No. 1 district of politics."

## Personal background

Kwak was born in Seoul on 18 November 1971. He passed the bar exam in 2001, completed a three-year course at the Judicial Research and Training Institute, and worked as an attorney at the Yoon & Yang law firm since January 2004. He married Roh Jeong-yeon, the daughter of President-elect Roh Moo-hyun, in February 2003, and had a daughter in August 2004.
After training in the United States around 2005, Kwak returned to Korea and opened a private law office. In 2009, he was investigated by the prosecution along with the Roh Moo-hyun family. After former president Roh died in May of that year, he did not appear in the media for a while.

## Lawyer activity
### Litigation against Korea Electric Power Corporation

Kwak filed a class action lawsuit against Korea Electric Power Corporation in 2014, pointing out the unfairness of the residential electricity rate system. At that time, controversy was heating up as the 11.7 times progressive rate system was applied only to residential electricity. Participants in the lawsuit requested a refund of 1 million won per person, taking issue with the fact that consumers do not have the opportunity to review the terms and conditions when paying electricity bills and that KEPCO is causing losses by selling industrial electricity too cheaply.

## Political career

Kwak joined the Democratic Party of Korea in January 2020. He competed with Seong Nak-hyeon, former president of the Korea Self-Reliance Center Association, to run for the Boeun·Okcheon·Yeongdong·Goesan constituency in North Chungcheong Province. After winning the primary, Kwak ran against candidate Park Deok-heum of the United Future Party, but lost with 41.44% of the votes.
He ran for the Jongno constituency in the 2024 election, and was elected to the National Assembly after defeating People Power Party candidate Choi Jae-hyung in his second attempt.

## Election history
### General elections

| Year | Constituency | Party Affiliation | Votes (%) | Results |
| 2020 | Boeun·Okcheon·Yeongdong·Goesan | Democratic | 42,613 (41.44%) | Lost |
| 2024 | Jongno | Democratic | 44,713 (50.92%) | Won |

## Authored Books

* Kwak, Sang-eon (5 January 2024). 곽상언의 시선 [Perspective of Kwak Sang-eon] (in Korean). Seoul: Medici Media. ISBN 979-11-5706-331-4.
# Pszczyna County

Pszczyna County (Polish: powiat pszczyński) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Silesian Voivodeship, southern Poland. It came into being on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat and only town is Pszczyna, which lies 30 kilometres (19 mi) south of the regional capital Katowice.
The county covers an area of 473.46 square kilometres (182.8 sq mi). As of 2019 its total population is 111,324, out of which the population of Pszczyna is 25,823 and the rural population is 85,501.

## Neighbouring counties

Pszczyna County is bordered by Mikołów County, the city of Tychy and Bieruń-Lędziny County to the north, Oświęcim County to the east, Bielsko County to the south, Cieszyn County to the south-west, and the cities of Jastrzębie-Zdrój and Żory to the west.

## Administrative division

The county is subdivided into six gminas (one urban-rural and five rural). These are listed in the following table, in descending order of population.
| Gmina | Type | Area (km$^2$) | Population (2019) | Seat |
| Gmina Pszczyna | urban-rural | 174.0 | 52,627 | Pszczyna |
| Gmina Pawłowice | rural | 75.8 | 18,171 | Pawłowice |
| Gmina Miedźna | rural | 49.9 | 16,544 | Miedźna |
| Gmina Suszec | rural | 75.6 | 12,331 | Suszec |
| Gmina Goczałkowice-Zdrój | rural | 48.6 | 6,761 | Goczałkowice-Zdrój |
| Gmina Kobiór | rural | 49.5 | 4,890 | Kobiór |
# Olliergues

Olliergues (French pronunciation:; Occitan: Olhargues) is a commune in the Puy-de-Dôme department in Auvergne in central France.
# Palniki

Palniki (Russian: Пальники) is a rural locality (a settlement) in Dobryansky District, Perm Krai, Russia. The population was 568 as of 2010. There are 27 streets.

## Geography

Palniki is located 39 km south of Dobryanka (the district's administrative centre) by road. Adishchevo is the nearest rural locality.
# Maraussan

Maraussan (French pronunciation:; Occitan: Marauçan) is a commune in the Hérault department in southern France.
It lies approximately 8 km northwest of Béziers, on route D14 ( Av de Béziers ), a busy route for commuters to Béziers.
Chateau Perdiguier lies just outside the town on the cross road D39 (Route de Tarbaka) leading down to the river Orb.
# Vilainiai

Vilainiai (formerly Russian: Вилайни, Polish: Wiłajnie) is a village in Kėdainiai district municipality, in Kaunas County, in central Lithuania. According to the 2021 census, the village had a population of 1157 people. It is located next to the north eastern edge of Kėdainiai, on the left bank of the Nevėžis river. There is a kindergarten, a library, a sports school, a culture house, Water Management Institute of Vytautas Magnus University Agriculture Academy.

## History

Vilainiai has been known since 1744. There was a manor and a watermill till the mid-20th century. It developed largely during the Soviet era as a settlement of Land Improvement Institute.

## Demography

| Year | Pop. | ±% p.a. |
| 1859 | 25 | — |
| 1902 | 79 | +2.71% |
| 1923 | 132 | +2.47% |
| 1959 | 239 | +1.66% |
| 1970 | 565 | +8.14% |
| 1979 | 1,414 | +10.73% |
| Year | Pop. | ±% p.a. |
| 1987 | 1,691 | +2.26% |
| 1989 | 1,895 | +5.86% |
| 2001 | 1,490 | −1.98% |
| 2011 | 1,330 | −1.13% |
| 2021 | 1,157 | −1.38% |
Source: 1902, 1923, 1959 & 1970, 1979, 1989, 2001, 2011, 2021 :

## Images

* Vilainiai roadsign
* Wayside cross
* Water towers in Vilainiai
* Eldership administration
# Yang Zhensheng

Yang Zhensheng (Chinese: 杨振声; pinyin: Yáng Zhènshēng; 24 November 1890–7 March 1956) was a Chinese educator and author from Penglai District in Shandong Province. In 1919, Yang and 31 other Peking University (Beida) students participated in the Tiananmen Square protests of 1919. They were arrested by the police for demonstrating outside the home of Cao Rulin, minister of communication and the chief spokesman for Japanese colonial interest in the Chinese government; Yang and the other students were jailed for three days. Yang was considered a "hot-headed radical" in the Beida literature department and stirred the ire of his professors by sharply critiquing Chinese culture. He went on to study personal and behavioural psychology at Columbia University.
Yang and other students from Beida form what would become the New Tide Society (新潮社; Xīncháoshè), a student-organized study society and journal, which was published at a level accessible to middle-school graduates. Yang published under the alias Jinfu (今甫). In New Tide, Yang published the story "The Virgin", about a nineteen-year-old girl forced to marry a clay statue of her husband, who had died after the marriage was arranged by their parents, who ultimately hangs herself in the marriage chamber.
Outside of his writing, Yang was successful as an academic and became the chairman of the Chinese department after the reorganization of Beijing University. He was the president of the National University of Qingdao (now a part of Shandong University) from June 1930 to 1932, appointed by the Nationalist Government's Ministry of Education in Nanjing, which aimed to build up Qingdao as a new centre of learning in the republic. He was the third president of the university and oversaw the copy-editing, at all levels, of school language textbooks. While he was president, he hired the writer Shen Congwen as a lecturer on new literature.
In 1946, Shen, Yang, and Feng Zhi founded a weekly literary supplement to Ta Kung Pao in Tianjin. Yang was a professor at Peking University as of 1945 and continued to be active politically in Changchun 1949. He died in 1956 of an illness.
Academic offices :
| Preceded byWang Shoupeng | President of Shandong University 1930–1932 | Succeeded byZhao Taimou |
# Chulab

Choolab (Persian: چولاب, also Romanized as Choolāb and Choolab) is a village in Luleman Rural District, Kuchesfahan District, Rasht County, Gilan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 993, in 296 families.
# Knowledge integration

Knowledge integration is the process of synthesizing multiple knowledge models (or representations) into a common model (representation).
Compared to information integration, which involves merging information having different schemas and representation models, knowledge integration focuses more on synthesizing the understanding of a given subject from different perspectives.
For example, multiple interpretations are possible of a set of student grades, typically each from a certain perspective. An overall, integrated view and understanding of this information can be achieved if these interpretations can be put under a common model, say, a student performance index.
The Web-based Inquiry Science Environment (WISE), from the University of California at Berkeley has been developed along the lines of knowledge integration theory.
Knowledge integration has also been studied as the process of incorporating new information into a body of existing knowledge with an interdisciplinary approach. This process involves determining how the new information and the existing knowledge interact, how existing knowledge should be modified to accommodate the new information, and how the new information should be modified in light of the existing knowledge.
A learning agent that actively investigates the consequences of new information can detect and exploit a variety of learning opportunities; e.g., to resolve knowledge conflicts and to fill knowledge gaps. By exploiting these learning opportunities the learning agent is able to learn beyond the explicit content of the new information.
The machine learning program KI, developed by Murray and Porter at the University of Texas at Austin, was created to study the use of automated and semi-automated knowledge integration to assist knowledge engineers constructing a large knowledge base.
A possible technique which can be used is semantic matching. More recently, a technique useful to minimize the effort in mapping validation and visualization has been presented which is based on Minimal Mappings. Minimal mappings are high quality mappings such that i) all the other mappings can be computed from them in time linear in the size of the input graphs, and ii) none of them can be dropped without losing property i).
The University of Waterloo operates a Bachelor of Knowledge Integration undergraduate degree program as an academic major or minor. The program started in 2008.
# Eliki railway station

Eliki railway station (Greek: Σιδηροδρομικός Σταθμός Ελίκη, romanized: Sidirodromikós Stathmós Eliki) is a Station on the Athens Airport–Patras railway line just outside the borders of the settlement of Eliki, a small village in Achaea, Greece. It is located just North of the village, close to the 8A motorway. It was opened on 22 June 2020 as part of the €848-million ErgOSE project extension of the Athens Airport–Patras railway to Aigio rail line, co-financed by the European Union's Cohesion Fund 2000–2006. The station is served by Hellenic Train local services between Kiato and Aigio. It should not be confused with the now-closed station on the old Piraeus–Patras railway, which is located northeast of the current station, closer to the coast of the Corinthian Gulf

## History

The Station opened 22 June 2020 by Minister of Transport, Kostas Karamanlis. as part of the €848-million ErgOSE project extension of the Athens Airport–Patras railway to Aigio railline co-financed by the European Union's Cohesion Fund 2000–2006. It is constructed on upgraded sections of the former Piraeus–Patras railway SPAP line. It was one of three new stations in (Xylokastro, Akrata, and Aegio) and six holts (Diminio, Lykoporia, Lygia, Platanos Beach, Diakopto, and Eliki) to come online when the section of track opened. Built by Rythmos N. & A. Kalimeri Single Member P.C. It should not be confused with the now-closed station on the old Piraeus–Patras railway SPAP, which is located northeast of the current station, near the beach of Kohl.

## Facilities

The raised station is accessed via stairs or a ramp. It has two side platforms, with station buildings located below the platform level, with access to the platform level via stairs or lifts. The Station buildings are equipped only with a waiting area. At the platform level, both platforms have sheltered seating and Dot-matrix display departure and arrival screens and timetable poster boards. It is equipped with CCTV systems, Fire Detection systems & Honeywell Security Systems. There is no car park on-site, as Palea EO Korinthou Patron runs alongside eastbound platforms. Currently, there is no local bus stop connecting the station.

## Services

Since 15 May 2022, the station has been served the following routes:
* Hellenic Train local service between Kiato and Aigio, with six trains per day in each direction: passengers have to change at Kiato for Athens Suburban Railway trains towards Athens and Piraeus.
Line structure :
Legend :

## Station layout

| Ground level | Customer service | Exit/Tickets |
| Level Ε1 | Side platform, doors will open on the right | Side platform, doors will open on the right |
| Level Ε1 | Platform 1 | Hellenic Train to Aigio ← |
| Level Ε1 | Platform 2 | Hellenic Train to Kiato (Diakopto) → |
| Side platform, doors will open on the right ||
# Radiokansel / Radio Pulpit

Radio Pulpit is a Christian radio station in South Africa.

## Broadcast languages

* English
* Afrikaans
Radio Pulpit has an LSM of 6-10 and broadcasts in multiple languages. These include 35% Afrikaans and 35% English. The remaining 30% consists of vernacular languages.

## Broadcast time

* 24/7

## Target audience

* LSM groups 2–9
* Age group 35-49
* Christians

## Coverage areas and frequencies

* National on 657 AM
* DStv channel 882
* Open View channel 607

## Listenership figures

Estimated Listenership :
| | 7 Day | Ave. Mon-Fri |
| May 2013 | 126 000 | 49 000 |
| Feb 2013 | 133 000 | 53 000 |
| Dec 2012 | 158 000 | 60 000 |
| Oct 2012 | 176 000 | 71 000 |
| Aug 2012 | 141 000 | 54 000 |
| Jun 2012 | 165 000 | 55 000 |
# Mamer Castle

49°37′34″N 06°01′26″E﻿ / ﻿49.62611°N 6.02389°E﻿ / 49.62611; 6.02389
Mamer Castle (Luxembourgish: Mamer Schlass, French: Château de Mamer, German: Mamer Schloss) is the town hall for the commune of Mamer, in south-western Luxembourg. It is the home of the communal council, the site of local government offices, and the centre of administration for communal services.
It is located on Place de l'Indépendance near the centre of the town. It is made up of four buildings, set in recently landscaped surroundings. At the main entrance, there is a sculpture of Nicolas Frantz, two-time Tour de France winner, and Josy Barthel, Luxembourg's only Olympic gold medallist, both of whom were born in Mamer.

## History

A castle was originally built in Mamer in the 10th century. By the French Revolutionary Wars, it had fallen into ruin, and was seized and sold off by the occupying French forces in 1798 to Thierry de Bastogne. Police chief Frederic François built a new castle on the site in 1830, surrounded by a 2-metre high wall. It passed hands to Jacques Fischer and Julie Kremer in 1934, surrounded by 1.72 hectares of farmland.
In 1995, the property was purchased by the communal administration, which, in 1997, voted unanimously on 4 June 1997 to restore it. This was done between September 1999 and February 2002. The communal administration has been located at Mamer Castle since 1 March 2002. Mamer Castle was the location of the draw for the 2006 UEFA European Under-17 Football Championship, which was held in Luxembourg.
# Mangu-dong

Mangu-dong (Korean: 망우동) is a dong (neighbourhood) of Jungnang District, Seoul, South Korea.
# Shaurya Chauhan

Shaurya Chauhan (born 7 August) is an Indian model, actress and TV host. She was one of the Kingfisher Calendar Girls for 2006. She appeared as an antagonist to Hrithik Roshan's character in Krrish 3.

## Early life

Shaurya Chauhan was born in Hyderabad in a Rajput family hailing from Rajasthan. She was a good gymnast during her school days and was very good at extracurricular activities like dance, play and represented her school in gymnastics.

## Career

She was spotted by ace lensman Atul Kasbekar and he shot her in the Kingfisher swimsuit calendar in 2006.

### Bollywood

She did a small role in Kyon Ki and has played a leading role in Mumbai Salsa. She also acted in Horn 'Ok' Pleassss. She walked out of the movie, Right Yaaa Wrong. She also acted as an antagonist in Krrish 3.

## Personal life

She is married to Rishi Chauhan.

## Filmography

* Kyon Ki (guest appearance)
* Mumbai Salsa
* Horn Ok Please
* Sadda Adda
* Krrish 3
# Filyovsky Park District

Filyovsky Park District (Russian: райо́н Филёвский парк) is a district of Western Administrative Okrug of the federal city of Moscow, Russia. The district is 6.5 km west of the center of the city, and its northern and eastern borders are the Moskva River. Located in the area are the Khrunichev State Research and Production Space Center, Church of the Intercession at Fili, Gorbunov Palace of Culture and Filevsky Park. The area of the district is 9.624 square kilometres (3.716 sq mi). Population: 89,513 (2010 Census);, 66,775 (2002 Census).