OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Château de Saint-Germain-Beaupré

The Château de Saint-Germain-Beaupré is a château in the commune of Saint-Germain-Beaupré in the Creuse département of France.

## History

The castle was built in the 16th century, beginning in 1533, on the site of an earlier castle dating from the 12th century, itself rebuilt between 1407 and 1409. The fortress was restored again at the end of the 15th century at the expense, it is said, of Jean VI d'Aumont, who had devastated it twice at the head of League troops.
In 1605, King Henry IV of France spent a night here. In 1666, it housed the King's daughter la Grande Mademoiselle, who recalled her brief stay here in her Mémoires.
In 1768, the castle passed into the hands of the marquis Doublet de Persan who, financially ruined, had to sell it on the eve of the Revolution. Various subsequent owners neglected its upkeep. In 1860, the new owner was forced to carry out repairs including entirely rebuilding a collapsed tower.
Privately owned, the château has been listed since 9 May 1946 as a monument historique by the French Ministry of Culture.

## Architecture

The Ministry of Culture has classified as historical monument the moats and entrance from the 16th century as well as the façades and roof. The internal vaulted staircase was listed in 1941.
# Raj Kumar Yadav (politician)

Raj Kumar Yadav ( born 1971) is an Indian politician from Jharkhand. He was elected from Dhanwar Assembly constituency representing Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist) Liberation in the 2014 Jharkhand Legislative Assembly election.

## Early life and education

Yadav is from Vishniteacher, Dhanwar, Giridih District, Jharkhand. He is the son of Pritam Mehta. He passed Class 10 in 1986 and later discontinued his education.

## Career

Yadav first contested as an MLA in the 2005 Jharkhand Legislative Assembly election but lost to Ravindra Kumar Ray of BJP by a narrow margin of 3,334 votes. Later, he also contested the 2019 Jharkhand Legislative Assembly election but lost to former chief minister of Jharkhand Babulal Marandi. However, he won the 2014 Jharkhand Legislative Assembly election representing CPI (Marxist Leninist) Liberation.
# Helheim Glacier

Helheim Glacier is a glacier in the Sermersooq municipality, Eastern Greenland.
This glacier's name is derived from "Helheim", a modern term for a world of the dead in Old Norse religion: Hel.

## Geography

The Helheim Glacier is located on the eastern side of the Greenland ice sheet. It is one of Greenland's largest outlet glaciers. It flows roughly in an ESE direction and feeds the waters of the Helheim Fjord, a branch at the northern end of the Sermilik (Danish: Egede og Rothes Fjord) system, where there are a number of other glaciers calving and discharging at rapid rates such as the Fenris and the Midgard Glacier.

## Retreat

Helheim Glacier accelerated from 8 km (5.0 mi) per year in 2000 to 11 km (6.8 mi) per year in 2005. Like many of Greenland's outlet glaciers, it is a common site where glacial earthquakes are monitored.
* Retreat of Greenland's Helheim Glacier from 2001 to 2005
# William Joseph Poupore

William Joseph Poupore (April 29, 1846 – August 17, 1918) was a Canadian politician.
Born in Allumette Island, Canada East, the son of William Poupore and Susan McAdams, Poupore was educated on Allumette Island and at Ottawa College where he studied law for two years. He was a mill owner, contractor, and lumberer. In 1870, Poupore married his first cousin Eleonor, the daughter of John Poupore. He was mayor of Chichester from 1872 to 1882 and was warden of the county of Pontiac from 1881 to 1882. He was elected to the Legislative Assembly of Quebec for the electoral district of Pontiac in a by-election held in 1882. A Quebec Conservative, he was re-elected in 1886 and in 1890 by acclamation. He was defeated in 1892. He was elected to the House of Commons of Canada for the electoral district of Pontiac in the 1896 federal election. A Conservative, he did not run for reelection in 1900. Poupore died in Westmount at the age of 72 and was buried in the Notre Dame des Neiges Cemetery.
vte1896 Canadian federal election: Pontiac :
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | Conservative | W.J. Poupore | 1,980 | 59.62 |
| | Liberal | T.C. Gaboury | 1,341 | 40.38 |
| Total valid votes | Total valid votes | Total valid votes | 3,321 | 100.00 |
# Hypena obfuscalis

Hypena obfuscalis is a moth of the family Erebidae first described by George Hampson in 1893. It is found in Sri Lanka.
# The Way It Was (album)

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| Allmusic | |
The Way It Was is the second studio album by American pop rock band Parachute, released by Island Def Jam Music Group on May 17, 2011. The album debuted at number 19 on the Billboard 200 chart, number 7 on the Rock Albums chart and number 4 on the Digital Albums chart. The band tested new songs "What I Know", "White Dress", "Halfway", "Square One", "Break My Heart for Me" and "Something to Believe in" during their 2010 fall tour. On December 4, 2010, Parachute released a viral video on ESPN and ABC for "Something to Believe in".
Leading up to the release of The Way It Was Parachute released the singles "Kiss Me Slowly" co-written by Dave Haywood and Charles Kelley of Lady Antebellum, "You and Me" exclusively on iTunes and "Halfway" on Amazon. Released May 17, 2011, The Way It Was was featured as a New Release on iTunes and the single "What I Know" was a free track available for exclusive download for release week. The album's title comes from a lyric in "What I Know".

## Track listing

All tracks are written by Will Anderson, except where noted

## Charts

| Chart (2011) | Peak position |
| U.S. Billboard 200 | 20 |
| U.S. Rock Albums | 7 |
| U.S. Digital Albums | 4 |

## Personnel

* John Fields – guitar, keyboards, programming
* Will Anderson – lead vocals, guitar, keyboards
* Alex Hargrave – vocals, bass
* Johnny Stubblefield – vocals, drums, percussion
* Kit French – vocals, saxophone, keyboards
* Nate McFarland – vocals, guitar
# Christian Sommerfeldt

Christian Sommerfeldt (6 January 1746 – 30 May 1811) was a Norwegian geographer and civil servant.

## Personal life

He was born at Sukkestad in Toten as a son of district stipendiary magistrate and chancellor councillor David Christian Sommerfelt (1717–1773) and Benedicte "Bente" Christine Hoff. His grandfather Christian Sommerfelt was also district stipendiary magistrate. His great-grandfather and uncle were both named Hans, and became priests. The latter worked in Denmark and became ancestor for a Danish family line. Christian Sommerfeldt became ancestor of a Norwegian branch of Sommerfeldts, and so did his brother Ole Hannibal. Through his sister Maria he was an uncle of Lauritz Weidemann.
Christian Sommerfeldt was married twice. First he married vicar's daughter Karen Magdalena Mandahl (1764–1791) in March 1784 in Land. After her death, in May 1793 in Christiania he married stipendiary magistrate's daughter Anna Sophia Hagerup (1775–1821). Their son Søren Christian Sommerfelt was a priest and botanist.

## Career

Sommerfeldt grew up at Sukkestad, and enrolled at the University of Copenhagen at the age of thirteen. He finished his theological studies at the age of twenty before studying geography and history at Sorø Academy. In 1776 he published the two textbooks Geographie til Ungdommens Brug and Kort Udtog af Geographien til Begynderes Bedste, which both came in six editions. He was offered to succeed Gerhard Schøning as professor in these subjects, but instead shifted his academic field again, to practical agriculture and national economy.
In 1776 he entered the Danish civil service. In 1779 he was promoted to chamber councillor (Danish: Kammerråd). In 1781 he was appointed as County Governor of Christians Amt, which he remained until his death in 1811. He resided at Sukkestad. In his position, he continued his endeavor for improving practical agriculture, forestry, and other rural enterprise in Christians Amt. He collected data from his county, and based on this data he published Efterretninger angaaende Christians amt in 1790. After the topographical society Topographisk Selskab for Norge was published in 1791 and started the journal Topographisk Journal for Norge, his text was reprinted there.
# Koili

Koili (Greek: Κοίλη) is a village in the Paphos District of Cyprus, located 2 kilometres (1.2 mi) northwest of Tsada.
Koili has an altitude of 593 m above sea level. It receives 620 mm of rainfall annually.
Built at an altitude of 580 meters in a landscape divided by the Mavrokolympos river, Koili is a relatively large settlement built with stone from the quarry of the area that is not currently in operation. Here, apart from well-groomed old and modern houses, locals cultivate vineyards with grapes of the winemaking varieties, grains, citrus fruits, vegetables, almond and carob trees which are thriving.
Koili has a population of approximately 460 with about 25 non-Cypriot families living there. It is situated 9 km from Paphos and 33 km from Polis.
With its hilltop vantage point, there are views of Paphos and the surrounding hills. As it is a small village there is no restaurant, one small market, no kiosks and only one coffee shop. There is now an agricultural educational centre often used for local events or festivals. The nearest police station and hospital are both in Paphos.
The majority of the local houses and churches in Koili are made with local stone. The old church of Agios Mamas in Koili was ruined by a massive earthquake in 1955 and is now covered by a trimithia tree. Before the earthquake, the whole village and the locals of the surrounding villages would visit Agios Mamas to celebrate the end of Easter, and also celebrate the end of their fasting.
The church in the village square, Panagia Chryseleousis, replaced an older church which had stood in the same spot since the late 15th/early 16th century. It was completely rebuilt using stone from the local quarry, which is now disused.

## Nearby villages

Tsada 2 km, Tala 4.3 km
# Tickling Leo

Tickling Leo is a 2009 independent drama film about three generations of a Jewish family whose silence about their past has kept them apart. The film was directed by Jeremy Davidson, and stars Lawrence Pressman, Daniel Sauli, Annie Parisse, Eli Wallach, Ronald Guttman and Victoria Clark.

## Plot

When Zak and his girlfriend Delphina visit his estranged father in the Catskills, they find him suffering from dementia and inadvertently uncover a dark family secret from World War II: an impossible sacrifice Zak's grandfather (Eli Wallach) made to join Rudolph Kasztner's controversial freedom train out of Hungary.

## Cast

* Lawrence Pressman as Warren Pikler
* Daniel Sauli as Zak Pikler
* Annie Parisse as Delphina Adams
* Sarah Wikenczy as Yuth Mother
* Sebastian Wikenczy Thomsen as Child
* Jonathan Valackas as Reuvan Ben Amir
* Ed Setraklan as Oscar Szoras
* Gabor Szucs as Oscar's Grandson
* Orsoja Simon as Woman in Bar
* Alexander Grech III as Bartender
* Jack as Yorrie
* Grey Rabbit Puett as Young Warren
* Ronald Guttman as Robert Pikler
* Victoria Clark as Madeline Pikler
* Lara Apponyi as Rivka Pikler
* Bern Cohen as Yosef Gottlieb

## Release

Tickling Leo screened at the Stony Brook Film Festival on July 25, 2009 and then opened in Manhattan, Queens and on Long Island Theaters on September 4, 2009 with a simultaneous DVD release. The film continued on to play to audiences in NorthEast, Florida and California.

### Critical reception

On review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes the film has a score of 33% based on reviews from 15 critics, with an average rating of 4.5/10.

### Awards

* 2009 Jury Award for Best Feature- 2009 Stony Brook Film Festival
# Lubizhdë e Hasit

Lubizhdë e Hasit (Albanian: Lubizhdë e Hasit, Serbian Cyrillic: Љубижда Хас/Ljubižda Has) is a village in the Prizren municipality of Kosovo.

## Background

The village was mentioned in the Ottoman defter of 1571 with 40 homes. The inhabits bore typical Albanian names, indicating that the village was inhabited by a Christian Albanian population.
# Alimgulovo

Alimgulovo (Russian: Алимгулово; Bashkir: Әлимғол, Älimğol) is a rural locality (a village) in Volostnovsky Selsoviet, Kugarchinsky District, Bashkortostan, Russia. The population was 103 as of 2010. There are 2 streets.

## Geography

Alimgulovo is located 35 km west of Mrakovo (the district's administrative centre) by road. Tyulyabayevo is the nearest rural locality.
# Zisis Karademos

Zisis Karademos (Greek: Ζήσης Καραδήμος) was a Greek armatolos who led an uprising in Naousa in western Macedonia in 1705.
In 1705, a commissar of the Ottoman Sultan named Ahmet Çelebi came to Naousa to select fifty male children for the devşirme conscription, to be raised as Janissaries. His arrival sparked a revolt in the town led by Zisis Karademos, his two sons and his band of armatoloi. Ahmet Çelebi and his entourage were slain. Karademos and about one hundred of his followers were subsequently attacked by a Turkish force led by the Bolukbashi Recep Aga near the river Arapitsa in the vicinity of Naousa. The rebels retreated towards the top of Mt Vermion and fled when Zisis Karademos was killed. Six of his followers, amongst them his two sons, were taken prisoner and were later hanged after a trial in Veria. Family members of the rebels were arrested (40 men and 29 women) and were imprisoned in Thessaloniki. Putting down the rebellion cost the Ottoman purse 74,387 golden coins, according to a Turkish source.
# Theatre practitioner

A theatre practitioner is someone who creates theatrical performances and/or produces a theoretical discourse that informs their practical work. A theatre practitioner may be a director, dramatist, actor, designer or a combination of these traditionally separate roles. Theatre practice describes the collective work that various theatre practitioners do.
The term was not ordinarily applied to theatre-makers prior to the rise of modernism in the theatre. Instead, theatre praxis from Konstantin Stanislavski's development of his system is described through Vsevolod Meyerhold's biomechanics, Antonin Artaud's Theatre of cruelty, Bertolt Brecht's epic, and Jerzy Grotowski's poor theatre. Contemporary theatre practitioners include Augusto Boal with his Theatre of the Oppressed, Dario Fo's popular theatre, Eugenio Barba's theatre anthropology, and Anne Bogart's viewpoints.
# Soltani, Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari

Soltani (Persian: سلطاني, also Romanized as Solţānī) is a village in Milas Rural District, in the Central District of Lordegan County, Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 190, in 30 families. The village is populated by Lurs.
# Calburga

Calburga was a Canadian barque, the last Canadian-built square-rigger of large tonnage. She was built in 1890 at South Maitland, Nova Scotia by local shipbuilder, Adams MacDougall. Calburga was a spruce built vessel, iron and copper fastened, and equipped with three masts. Calburga boasted luxuries such as a windmill pump installed in 1913 to keep free of water, a wheelhouse completely enclosing the helmsman and wheel gear, round and elliptical stems, and an exterior ornamented by hand-carved scrolling.
Calburga was an important transporter in the timber trade to South America and also sailed to South Africa, Buenos Aires, and Great Britain. Amidst her travels, Calburga also transferred ownership and command. She was owned at various times by Thomas Douglas, and W.K. Stair and commanded by Jonatha Douglas, Captain Mackenzie, and W.D. Nelson.
During World War I, Calburga saw service as a transport ship between Canada and Great Britain. On November 13, 1915, on her second transport voyage from Canada to Great Britain, under the command of W.D. Nelson, Calburga ran aground on the rocks near Strumble Head, Pembrokeshire, Wales. Nelson and his crew of 14 came upon a gale described as "one of the most violent storms experienced in twenty years." A lifeboat from the Strumble Head Lighthouse found Calburga a total wreck. The crew were nowhere to be found and the coast was strewn with timber. The crew had managed to escape in their own lifeboat and came ashore at Aberbach beach, where they were welcomed by The Shipwrecked Fishermen and Mariners' Royal Benevolent Society and provided transport back to their home port in Halifax.
The wreck of Calburga still lies on the Welsh seabed and has become a popular diving destination. A model of the ship, created by David Coldwell and Glenn Buckmaster, is on display at the Maritime Museum of the Atlantic in Halifax.
# Kholm Pocket

The Kholm Pocket (German: Kessel von Cholm; Russian: Холмский котёл) was the name given for the encirclement of German troops by the Red Army around Kholm, south of Leningrad, in World War II's the Eastern Front, from 23 January 1942 to 5 May 1942. The pocket was created by the Soviet Toropets–Kholm offensive.
A much larger pocket was meanwhile surrounded in Demyansk, about 100 km (62 mi) to the northeast. Both were the results of the German retreat following the defeat during the Battle of Moscow.
The air supply of Kholm and Demyansk was successful but led to an overconfidence in the German High Command on the Luftwaffe's ability to supply encircled forces by air, which would lead to disastrous consequences at the Battle of Stalingrad in late 1942 and early 1943.

## Overview

At the Kholm pocket, 5,500 German soldiers held out for 105 days. The pocket was supplied by air but since it was too small for planes to land, supplies had to be dropped in and recovered by the German defenders. Among the airdropped supplies were 35 of the first 50 prototype MKb 42(H) rifles.
Most of the German units in the pocket were part of the following:
* 218th Infantry Division
* Reserve-Polizei-Bataillon 65
* Infanterie-Regiment 553 (of the 329th Infantry Division)
* Parts of the 123rd Infantry Division
* Jagdkommando 8
* III. Bataillon of the Luftwaffenfeldregiment 1
German forces made attempts to relieve the pocket in January, March and May 1942. The first two failed, but the third was successful; the German forces in the pocket had been reduced to 1,200.
In July 1942, the Cholm Shield was awarded to the German defenders of the pocket upon the suggestion of Generalmajor Theodor Scherer, similar to the Demyansk Shield.
Scherer was personally awarded the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves by Adolf Hitler for the command of the defence of Kholm.
Kholm would be occupied by the Red Army on 21 February 1944.

## War crimes

Members of the Reserve-Polizei-Bataillon 65, a police unit from Gelsenkirchen, were questioned after the war by the state prosecutor in Dortmund for their involvement in ethnic cleansing in Eastern Europe. The unit was found to have taken part in a minimum of 5,000 executions and many deportations to concentration camps. Among them was also the hanging of a young girl in Kholm during the siege.

## Gallery

* Offensive of the Red Army south of Lake Ilmen 7 January–21 February 1942
* Soldiers in the Kholm Pocket, 1942
* Soldiers preparing to board a Gotha Go 242 glider, Kholm
* Sergeant gives soldier food, right: wounded with head and arm injuries, the end of January - beginning of May 1942
* Soldier sitting for dinner in front of a ruined house
* Russian women transport the dead by sledge during the occupation of Kholm. End January - Beginning May 1942.
# Danmark (islet)

Danmark (English: Denmark) is an islet located near Sandvika in the Municipality of Bærum, Norway.
While the original meaning is not exactly verified, the name of the islet reflects Norwegians' (friendly) joking about the relatively small geographical size of Denmark proper. Like Denmark, this islet is flat, small, and located overseas south of Bærum. The name predates 1814, when the personal union known as Denmark–Norway was dissolved. In a sale of land in the 1780s, it was mentioned that the sale included 'a little island called Denmark' (Danish: en lille ø kaldet Danmark).
# Puyjourdes

Puyjourdes (French pronunciation:; Occitan: Puègjorda) is a commune in the Lot department in south-western France.
# Nema Huni

Nema Huni (Persian: نماهوني, also Romanized as Nemā Hūnī) is a village in Kuhestani-ye Talesh Rural District, in the Central District of Talesh County, Gilan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 18, in 5 families.

## Language

Linguistic composition of the village.
Nema Huni linguistic composition
language
percent
Azerbaijani
100% :
# Mirpur Khas railway station

Mirpur Khas Junction Railway Station (Urdu: میرپور خاص ریلوے اسٹیشن,Sindhi: میرپور خاص ریلوي اسٽیشن) is a junction located in the middle of the Mirpur Khas, Sindh, Pakistan on the Hyderabad - Khokhrapar branch railway line. The station is staffed and has a booking office.

## History

Before 1965, the Hyderabad-Khokhrapar Branch Line was metre gauge and Mirpur Khas railway station was the junction of Mirpur Khas - Nawabshah railway line. In 1965 Hyderabad - Mirpur Khas railway section converted to broad gauge and the rail link between the Pakistan and India via Khokhrapar and Munabao closed. In 2006 the train service between Mirpur Khas and Nawabshah closed. In February 2006 Mirpur Khas - Khokhrapar metre gauge railway line converted to broad gauge and railway link between Pakistan and India via Khokhrapar and Munabao restored again.

## Train routes

The routes of Hyderabad Mirpur Khas branch line is linked from Karachi as follow : Karachi, Landhi, Dhabeji, Jang Shahi, Jhampir, Kotri,Hyderabad, Tando Jam, Tando Allahyar, Mirpur Khas, Dhoro Naro, Pithoro, Chorr, Khokhrapar.

### Train services from Mirpur Khas

| Train Name | Train Code | Stations |
| Express | 305 UP, 306 DN | Mirpur Khas, Tando Allahyar, Rashidabad, Tajpur Nasarpur Road, Tando Jam, Hyderabad |
| Hyderabad Express | 163 UP, 164 DN | Mirpur Khas, Tando Allahyar, Tajpur Nasarpur Road, Hyderabad |
| Kotri Express | 153 UP, 154 DN | Mirpur Khas, Tando Allahyar, Tajpur Nasarpur Road, Hyderabad, Kotri |
| Mehran Express | 149 UP, 150 DN | Mirpur Khas, Tando Allahyar, Hyderabad, Landhi, Drigh Road, Karachi |
| Mirpur Khas Express | 159 UP, 160 DN | Mirpur Khas, Tando Allahyar, Tajpur Nasarpur Road, Hyderabad |
| Marvi Passenger | 335 UP, 336 DN | Mirpur Khas, Pithoro, Dhoro Naro, Hasisar, Chhor, Vasar Bah, Khokhrapar |
| Saman Sarkar Express | 155 UP, 156 DN | Mirpur Khas, Tando Allahyar, Tajpur Nasarpur Road, Hyderabad |