OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Neftekamsk

Neftekamsk (Russian: Нефтека́мск; Bashkir: Нефтекама, romanized: Neftekama) is a city in the Republic of Bashkortostan, Russia, located in the northwest of the republic on the Kama River, 220 kilometers (140 mi) from the republic's capital Ufa. It is a large industrial and cultural center of the republic. Population: 121,733 (2010 Census); 122,290 (2002 Census); 106,801 (1989 Soviet census).

## Etymology

The city is named after the Kama River and petroleum (нефть, neft in Russian).

## Geography

The city's territory borders Krasnokamsky and Yanaulsky Districts. A road network connects the town to Ufa, Birsk, Yanaul, Agidel, Oktyabrsky, Izhevsk, Perm, and Kazan. The nearest railway station for long-distance trains is located in Amzya, 15 kilometers (9.3 mi) away. There is a local train connecting Neftekamsk with Yanaul via Amzya. Neftekamsk Airport serves the city.

## History

It was founded in 1957 after the discovery of an oil field in Krasnokamsky District. Town status was granted to it in 1963.

## Administrative and municipal status

Within the framework of administrative divisions, it is, together with seven rural localities, incorporated as the city of republic significance of Neftekamsk—an administrative unit with the status equal to that of the districts. As a municipal division, the city of republic significance of Neftekamsk is incorporated as Neftekamsk Urban Okrug.

### Politics

In March 2019, Ratmir Mavliyev became the head of the city district administration. However, in March 2021, Eldar Sergeyevich Validov, who was initially his deputy, became the head of the city. Elections of deputies to the Council of the urban district of the city of Neftekamsk of the Republic of Bashkortostan of the fifth convocation in 2020 showed the following distribution of votes:
| Party | Percentage of votes |
| Patriots of Russia | 1.5% |
| A Just Russia | 6.7% |
| Liberal Democratic Party of Russia | 6.9% |
| Communist Party of the Russian Federation | 15.1% |
| Civic Platform | 3.2% |
| United Russia | 59.2% |
| Yabloko | 4.5% |
Independent observers in Neftekamsk recorded violations during the elections to the City Duma, which were held early from 2am to 12pm on 13 September 2020.

## Demographics

The city ranks fourth in population in the republic after Ufa, Sterlitamak, and Salavat. In 2018, The City had a population of 127,821 people.

## Economy

The principal place of business of the city is the Neftekamsk Automotive Plant, which is one of the major producers of passenger buses in Russia.
# Additive color

Additive color or additive mixing is a property of a color model that predicts the appearance of colors made by coincident component lights, i.e. the perceived color can be predicted by summing the numeric representations of the component colors. Modern formulations of Grassmann's laws describe the additivity in the color perception of light mixtures in terms of algebraic equations. Additive color predicts perception and not any sort of change in the photons of light themselves. These predictions are only applicable in the limited scope of color matching experiments where viewers match small patches of uniform color isolated against a gray or black background.
Additive color models are applied in the design and testing of electronic displays that are used to render realistic images containing diverse sets of color using phosphors that emit light of a limited set of primary colors. Examination with a sufficiently powerful magnifying lens will reveal that each pixel in CRT, LCD, and most other types of color video displays is composed of red, green, and blue light-emitting phosphors which appear as a variety of single colors when viewed from a normal distance.
Additive color, alone, does not predict the appearance of mixtures of printed color inks, dye layers in color photographs on film, or paint mixtures. Instead, subtractive color is used to model the appearance of pigments or dyes, such as those in paints and inks.
The combination of two of the common three additive primary colors in equal proportions produces an additive secondary color—cyan, magenta or yellow. Additive color is also used to predict colors from overlapping projected colored lights often used in theatrical lighting for plays, concerts, circus shows, and night clubs.
The full gamut of color available in any additive color system is defined by all the possible combinations of all the possible luminosities of each primary color in that system. In chromaticity space, a gamut is a plane convex polygon with corners at the primaries. For three primaries, it is a triangle.

## History

Systems of additive color are motivated by the Young–Helmholtz theory of trichromatic color vision, which was articulated around 1850 by Hermann von Helmholtz, based on earlier work by Thomas Young. For his experimental work on the subject, James Clerk Maxwell is sometimes credited as being the father of additive color. He had the photographer Thomas Sutton photograph a tartan ribbon on black-and-white film three times, first with a red, then green, then blue color filter over the lens. The three black-and-white images were developed and then projected onto a screen with three different projectors, each equipped with the corresponding red, green, or blue color filter used to take its image. When brought into alignment, the three images (a black-and-red image, a black-and-green image and a black-and-blue image) formed a full-color image, thus demonstrating the principles of additive color.
# Aleysk

Aleysk (Russian: Але́йск) is a town in Altai Krai, Russia, located on the Aley River (Ob's tributary), 120 kilometers (75 mi) southwest of Barnaul. Population: 29,510 (2010 Census); 28,551 (2002 Census); 30,309 (1989 Soviet census); 32,000 (1968).

## Administrative and municipal status

Within the framework of administrative divisions, Aleysk serves as the administrative center of Aleysky District, even though it is not a part of it. As an administrative division, it is incorporated separately as the town of krai significance of Aleysk—an administrative unit with the status equal to that of the districts. As a municipal division, the town of krai significance of Aleysk is incorporated as Aleysk Urban Okrug.

## Military

The town was host to Aleysk air base, and a division of the Strategic Rocket Forces, the 41st Guards Rocket Division. Currently the 35th Separate Guards Motor Rifle Brigade of the 41st Combined Arms Army, Central Military District is located in Aleysk.
# Profitis

Profitis (Greek: Προφήτης) is a village and a community of the Volvi municipality. Before the 2011 local government reform, it was part of the municipality of Egnatia, of which it was a municipal district. The 2021 census recorded 870 inhabitants in the community. The community of Profitis covers an area of 48.806 km$^2$.
According to the statistics of Vasil Kanchov ("Macedonia, Ethnography and Statistics"), 450 Greek Christians lived in the village in 1900.

## Administrative division

The community of Profitis consists of two separate settlements (2021 populations):
* Mikrokomi (population 51)
* Profitis (population 819)
# Fyodorovka Airport

Fyodorovka Airport (Russian: аэропорт Омск-Фёдоровка) is an abandoned airport, located in the North-Western part of Omsk, Russia. The airport was initially planned to be opened in 2016, as one of the gifts to Omsk's jubilee of 300 years.

## History

The airport was initially decided to be built outside the boundaries of Omsk in 1979. The construction of the facility was constantly discontinued and resumed in 1996, 2001, 2005 and 2008. Years later it was planned to be commissioned for the 300th anniversary of Omsk, which was celebrated in 2016, but in 2012 it was announced that the work was being stopped.

### Plans and current state

In July 2017, the airport was sold to airport operator Novaport, who decided to restart construction by investing 11 billion rubles over a course of three years. The airport is proposed to be built on a new site, rather than continue working on the previous long-lasting construction, which in recent years has become a venue for street racing auto-matches Currently, only plans, there were no official documents signed, but Novaport promises to finish the airport construction for three years. However in October 2017, Airports of Regions also brought its interest to take part in the airports construction. Due to the question of investment and the operator choice difficulty, on first quarter of 2018, the government of Omsk Oblast' will select the main investor into the project.
# Saint Francis College v. al-Khazraji

Saint Francis College v. al-Khazraji, 481 U.S. 604 (1987), is a United States labor law case decided by the United States Supreme Court.

## Facts

Al-Khazraji, a professor and U.S. citizen born in Iraq, filed suit against his former employer and its tenure committee for denying him tenure on the basis of his Arabian race in violation of 42 U.S.C. Section 1981. The District Court held that while Al-Kharzraji had properly alleged racial discrimination, the record was insufficient to determine whether he had been subjected to prejudice.
The question posed was "Does 42 U.S.C. Section 1981 apply to Arab minorities?"

## Judgment

In response to this question the Court held that persons of Arabian ancestry were protected from racial discrimination under Section 1981. Writing for a unanimous Court, Justice White maintained that section 1981 encompassed discrimination even among Caucasians. Justice White noted that history did not support the claim that Arabs and other present-day "Caucasians" were considered to be a single race for the purposes of section 1981.
Justice Brennan, in a separate concurrence, discussed the difference between discrimination based on ancestry and discrimination based on birthplace. For many people, these are the same, but that is not a universal experience. In Brennan's view, the decision did not allow people to sue based on birthplace discrimination alone.

## Significance

In the companion case, Shaare Tefila v. Cobb, a unanimous Court ruled that the Civil Rights Act of 1866 likewise applies to discrimination against Jews.
# Novofedorovka

Novofedorovka (Russian: Новофёдоровка) is a rural locality (a village) in Ibrayevsky Selsoviet, Aurgazinsky District, Bashkortostan, Russia. The population was 799 as of 2010. There are 11 streets.

## Geography

Novofedorovka is located 24 km northeast of Tolbazy (the district's administrative centre) by road. Dubrovka is the nearest rural locality.
# Spectrum (Heals album)

Spectrum is the first studio album by Heals, released on 9 April 2017.
# Arthur Rubinstein – The Love of Life

Arthur Rubinstein – The Love of Life (French: L'Amour de la vie – Arthur Rubinstein) is a 1969 documentary about the Polish-American pianist Arthur Rubinstein.
The film won the 1969 Academy Award for Best Documentary Feature. It was also screened at the 1969 Cannes Film Festival, but outside the main competition.
# Soldatskoye, Fatezhsky District, Kursk Oblast

Soldatskoye (Russian: Солдатское) is a rural locality (Russian: село, lit. 'village') and the administrative center of Soldatsky Selsoviet Rural Settlement, Fatezhsky District, Kursk Oblast, Russia. Population: 225 (2010 Census); 241 (2002 Census); 175 (1989 Soviet census).

## Geography

The village is located on the Usozha River (a left tributary of the Svapa in the basin of the Seym), 95 km from the Russia–Ukraine border, 49 km north-west of Kursk, 8 km west of the district center – the town Fatezh.

### Climate

Soldatskoye has a warm-summer humid continental climate (Dfb in the Köppen climate classification).
Climate data for Soldatskoye :
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | −4.3 (24.3) | −3.4 (25.9) | 2.3 (36.1) | 12.7 (54.9) | 19.1 (66.4) | 22.3 (72.1) | 25 (77) | 24.2 (75.6) | 17.8 (64.0) | 10.2 (50.4) | 3.1 (37.6) | −1.4 (29.5) | 10.6 (51.2) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | −6.4 (20.5) | −5.9 (21.4) | −1.1 (30.0) | 7.9 (46.2) | 14.5 (58.1) | 18.1 (64.6) | 20.7 (69.3) | 19.7 (67.5) | 13.8 (56.8) | 7 (45) | 0.9 (33.6) | −3.3 (26.1) | 7.2 (44.9) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | −8.8 (16.2) | −8.8 (16.2) | −5.1 (22.8) | 2.5 (36.5) | 8.9 (48.0) | 12.8 (55.0) | 15.7 (60.3) | 14.7 (58.5) | 9.6 (49.3) | 3.8 (38.8) | −1.3 (29.7) | −5.4 (22.3) | 3.2 (37.8) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 52 (2.0) | 45 (1.8) | 47 (1.9) | 51 (2.0) | 62 (2.4) | 73 (2.9) | 77 (3.0) | 57 (2.2) | 60 (2.4) | 60 (2.4) | 48 (1.9) | 50 (2.0) | 682 (26.9) |
| Source: https://en.climate-data.org/asia/russian-federation/kursk-oblast/солдатское-687015/ ||||||||||||||

## Transport

Soldatskoye is located 5 km from the federal route M-2 Crimea Highway as part of the European route E105, 2.5 km from the road of regional importance 38K-038 (Fatezh – Dmitriyev), on the road of intermunicipal significance 38Н-679 (38K-038 – Soldatskoye – Shuklino), 27 km from the nearest railway halt 29 km (railway line Arbuzovo – Luzhki-Orlovskiye).
The rural locality is situated 52 km from Kursk Vostochny Airport, 168 km from Belgorod International Airport and 242 km from Voronezh Peter the Great Airport.
# Nong Phok district

Nong Phok (Thai: หนองพอก, pronounced) is a district (amphoe) in the northeastern part of Roi Et province, northeastern Thailand.

## Geography

Neighboring districts are (from the south clockwise): Selaphum, Phon Thong, and Moei Wadi of Roi Et Province; Nong Sung of Mukdahan province; and Loeng Nok Tha and Kut Chum of Yasothon province.

## History

The district history goes back to the small village Ban Nong Phok, which was part of tambon Kok Pho, Phon Thong district. It was made a minor district (king amphoe) on 16 June 1965, then consisting of the two tambons Kok Pho and Bueng Ngam. It was upgraded to a full district on 28 June 1973.

## Places

Phra Maha Chedi Chai Mongkol (Thai: พระมหาเจดีชัยมงคล) on the premises of Wat Pha Namthip Thep Prasit Vararam is one of the largest chedis in Thailand. It measures 101 metres wide, 101 metres long, and 101 metres high. The chedi is on 101 rai (16.16 hectares, very nearly 40 acres.) The number "101" symbolises the name of the province: roi-et is one hundred one in Thai numerals. The five-tiered chedi containing Buddha relics is decorated with elaborate designs in a contemporary style. The sides of the stairway leading into the central courtyard recall legendary origins in China and the subsequent adoption of Buddhism with multi-headed Nāgas emerging from the mouth of Chinese dragons. N 16° 19.932 E 104° 19.212 Waymark Code: WM95XK

## Administration

The district is divided into nine sub-districts (tambons), which are further subdivided into 120 villages (mubans). Nong Phok is a township (thesaban tambon) which covers parts of tambons Nong Phok and Rop Mueang. There are a further nine tambon administrative organizations (TAO).
| No. | Name | Thai name | Villages | Pop. |
| 1. | Nong Phok | หนองพอก | 14 | 9,118 |
| 2. | Bueng Ngam | บึงงาม | 11 | 5,392 |
| 3. | Phukhao Thong | ภูเขาทอง | 17 | 9,611 |
| 4. | Kok Pho | กกโพธิ์ | 12 | 6,435 |
| 5. | Khok Sawang | โคกสว่าง | 10 | 4,651 |
| 6. | Nong Khun Yai | หนองขุ่นใหญ่ | 13 | 7,955 |
| 7. | Rop Mueang | รอบเมือง | 19 | 9,555 |
| 8. | Pha Nam Yoi | ผาน้ำย้อย | 13 | 6,015 |
| 9. | Tha Sida | ท่าสีดา | 11 | 5,914 |
# Morane-Saulnier MS-700 Pétrel

The Morane-Saulnier MS-700 Pétrel (English: Petrel) was a French four-seat cabin-monoplane designed and built by Morane-Saulnier, only three prototypes were built.

## Design and development

The MS-700 was a twin-engined, low-wing, cabin-monoplane with a retractable tricycle landing gear and powered by two 160 hp (119 kW) Potez 4D-33 four-cylinder, inverted inline piston engines. The prototype, with French test registration F-WFDC, first flew on 8 January 1949. The aircraft was intended as a light liaison aircraft and the second prototype made a demonstration tour of Africa at the end of 1950. The second prototype was re-engined with two Mathis G8-20 engines and re-designated MS-701. On 3 January 1951 a third prototype first flew, it was a MS-703 with a longer fuselage for six-seats and two 179 kW (240 hp) Salmson 8.AS.OO engines. After being used by the company for a number of years the first prototype was due to be modified in the late 1950s to the same standards as the MS-703 but with 220 hp (164 kW) Potez engines but it was not converted and instead was withdrawn from use. Only the three prototypes were built and the type did not enter production.

## Variants
### MS-700-01

    First prototype of the Four-seat MS-700 variant, powered by two 119 kW (160 hp) Potez 4D-33 engines. First flown on 8 January 1949 the MS-700-01 (regn. F-WFDC) was withdrawn from use in June 1959.

### MS-700-02

    Second prototype of the MS-700 series, powered by two 160 kW (220 hp) Potez 4D-31 engines, converted to MS-701 standard (regn. F-BFDE).

### MS-701

    Second prototype, MS-700-02, re-engined with two 134 kW (180 hp) Mathis G8-20 engines.

### MS-702

    No details.

### MS-703-01

    Six-seat variant powered by two 179 kW (240 hp) Salmson 8.AS.00 / Argus As 10 engines, one built. The MS-703-01 was first flown on 3 January 1951.

### MS-704

    Proposed modification of the first prototype to MS-703 standard with two 164 kW (220 hp) Potez engines, not converted.

## Specification (MS-700-01)

Data from French Postwar Transport Aircraft
General characteristics
* Capacity: four-seats, payload 255 kg (562 lb)
* Length: 9.29 m (30 ft 6 in)
* Wingspan: 14.2 m (46 ft 7 in)
* Height: 3.4 m (11 ft 2 in)
* Wing area: 26.5 m$^2$ (285 sq ft)
* Empty weight: 1,645 kg (3,627 lb)
* Gross weight: 2,220 kg (4,894 lb)
* Powerplant: 2 × Potez 4D-33 four-cylinder, inverted inline piston engines, 120 kW (160 hp) each
* Propellers: 2-bladed
Performance
* Maximum speed: 290 km/h (180 mph, 160 kn) at 1,500 m (4,900 ft)
* Cruise speed: 260 km/h (160 mph, 140 kn) at 1,000 m (3,300 ft)
* Range: 1,200 km (750 mi, 650 nmi) with max payload
* Service ceiling: 6,200 m (20,300 ft)
* Wing loading: 83.77 kg/m$^2$ (17.16 lb/sq ft)
* Take-off distance: 430 m (1,410 ft) to clear 20 m (66 ft)
# SDV Barneveld

SDV Barneveld, sometimes shortened to SDVB, is a Dutch association football club from the Barneveld, Gelderland. They are currently members of the Vierde Divisie, the fifth tier of the Dutch football league system, and play their home matches at Sportpark Norschoten.
# Moni, Cyprus

Moni (Greek: Μονή) is a village in the Limassol District of Cyprus, located 2 km east of Pyrgos.
# Djougou Airport

Djougou Airport (IATA: DJA, ICAO: DBBD) is a public use airport located near Djougou, Donga, Benin.
# Kohneh Kand

Kohneh Kand (Persian: كهنه كند) is a village in Angut-e Gharbi Rural District, Anguti District, Germi County, Ardabil Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 19, in 5 families.
# Taffy was a Welshman

"Taffy was a Welshman" is an English language nursery rhyme which was popular between the eighteenth and twentieth centuries. It has a Roud Folk Song Index number of 19237.

## Lyrics

Versions of this rhyme vary. Some common versions are:
   Taffy was a Welshman, Taffy was a thief; Taffy came to my house and stole a leg of beef; I went to Taffy's house, Taffy was in bed; I took the leg of meat and hit him on the head.
   Taffy was a Welshman, Taffy was a thief; Taffy came to my house and stole a piece of beef; I went to Taffy's house, Taffy wasn't in; I jumped on his Sunday hat and poked it with a pin.
   Taffy was a Welshman, Taffy was a sham; Taffy came to my house and stole a piece of lamb; I went to Taffy's house, Taffy was away, I stuffed his socks with sawdust and filled his shoes with clay.
   Taffy was a Welshman, Taffy was a cheat, Taffy came to my house, and stole a piece of meat; I went to Taffy's house, Taffy was not there, I hung his coat and trousers to roast before a fire.

## Origins and history

The term "Taffy" may be a merging of the common Welsh name "Dafydd" (Welsh pronunciation:) and the Welsh river "Taff" on which Cardiff is built, and seems to have been in use by the mid-eighteenth century. The rhyme may be related to one published in Tommy Thumb's Pretty Song Book, printed in London around 1744, which had the lyrics:
   Taffy was born On a Moon Shiny Night, His head in the Pipkin, His Heels upright.
The earliest record we have of the better known rhyme is from Nancy Cock's Pretty Song Book, printed in London about 1780, which had one verse:
   Taffy was a Welshman, Taffy was a thief; Taffy came to my house and stole a piece of beef; I went to Taffy's house, Taffy wasn't home; Taffy came to my house and stole a marrow-bone.
Similar versions were printed in collections in the late eighteenth century, however, in Songs for the Nursery printed in 1805, the level of violence in the poem increased:
   I went to Taffy's house, Taffy was in bed, I took the marrow bone and beat about his head.
In the 1840s James Orchard Halliwell collected a two verse version that followed this with:
   I went to Taffy's house, Taffy was not in; Taffy came to my house and stole a silver pin. I went to Taffy's house, Taffy was in bed; I took up a poker and threw it at his head.
This version seems to have been particularly popular in the English counties that bordered Wales, where it was sung on Saint David's Day (1 March) complete with leek-wearing effigies of Welshmen.
# Temporary Release

Temporary Release (Danish: Ledsaget udgang) is a 2007 Danish comedy film written by, directed and starring Erik Clausen. It was entered into the 29th Moscow International Film Festival.

## Cast

* Erik Clausen as John
* Jesper Asholt as Bo
* Ditte Gråbøl as Lisbeth
* Elith Nulle Nykjær as Sømmet (as Elith Nulle Nykjær Jørgensen)
* Anders Hove as Freddy
* Yüksel Akdag as Taxi Driver
* Jesper Rosenberg Antonsen as Fængselsbetjent
* Tim Brandt as Extra
* Henrik Bruhn as Kenneth
* Lilly Clausen as Johns mor
* Sami Darr as Samir
* Pil Egholm as Bettina
# Cesta pri Starem Logu

Cesta (pronounced; also Cesta pri Starem Logu, German: Winkel) is a former settlement in the Municipality of Kočevje in southern Slovenia. The area is part of the traditional region of Lower Carniola and is now included in the Southeast Slovenia Statistical Region. Its territory is now part of the village of Pugled pri Starem Logu.

## Name

Cesta was attested in historical sources as Winchler in 1574. The Slovene name Cesta means 'road'. Places with this name in Slovenia lie along roads that predated Slavic settlement in the area. The name of the village was changed from Cesta to Cesta pri Starem Logu in 1953.

## History

Cesta was a village inhabited by Gottschee Germans. Before the Second World War it had eight houses. In 1942 a "labor battalion" was stationed here in charge of working the fields, harvesting the crops, and mowing. The village was burned by Italian troops in July 1942 during the Rog Offensive and was never rebuilt. Cesta was presumably deemed annexed by Pugled pri Starem Logu in 1953 because it is not mentioned in later enumerations of settlements in the area (e.g., in 1955 and 1957).
# Mazi Gavabar

Mazi Gavabar (Persian: مازي گوابر, also Romanized as Māzī Gavābar) is a village in Rahimabad Rural District, Rahimabad District, Rudsar County, Gilan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 43, in 11 families.
# Mazdeh, Mazandaran

Mazdeh (Persian: مزده) is a village in Garmab Rural District, Chahardangeh District, Sari County, Mazandaran Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 200, in 45 families.