OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Oleksandr Komarov (swimmer)

Oleksandr Komarov (Ukrainian: Олександр Комаров; born 10 June 1988) is a Ukrainian Paralympic swimmer.

## Career

He represented Ukraine at the Summer Paralympics in 2012, 2016, 2020, and 2024. He won the gold medal in the Men's 100 metre freestyle S5 at the 2024 Summer Paralympics and two medals at the 2016 Summer Paralympics: the gold medal in the men's 4 × 100 m freestyle relay 34pts event and the bronze medal in the 100 m freestyle S6 event.
At the 2019 World Para Swimming Championships held in London, United Kingdom, he won the bronze medal in the men's 100m freestyle S6 event.
# SM U-161

SM U-161 was one of the 329 submarines serving in the Imperial German Navy in World War I. U-161 was engaged in naval warfare and took part in the First Battle of the Atlantic.
U-161 was surrendered to the Allies at Harwich on 20 November 1918 in accordance with the requirements of the Armistice with Germany. Having been exhibited at Devonport in December 1918, she was then laid up there until sunk as in the English Channel by gunfire from the submarines L21 and L52 on 30 June 1921 in company with U-135.

## Design

Type U 93 submarines were preceded by the shorter Type U 87 submarines. U-161 had a displacement of 821 tonnes (808 long tons) when at the surface and 1,002 tonnes (986 long tons) while submerged. She had a total length of 71.55 metres (234 ft 9 in), a pressure hull length of 56.05 m (183 ft 11 in), a beam of 6.30 m (20 ft 8 in), a height of 8.25 m (27 ft 1 in), and a draught of 3.88 m (12 ft 9 in). The submarine was powered by two 2,400 metric horsepower (1,800 kW; 2,400 shp) engines for use while surfaced, and two 1,230 metric horsepower (900 kW; 1,210 shp) engines for use while submerged. She had two propeller shafts and two 1.70 m (5 ft 7 in) propellers. She was capable of operating at depths of up to 50 metres (160 ft).
The submarine had a maximum surface speed of 16.2 knots (30.0 km/h; 18.6 mph) and a maximum submerged speed of 8.2 knots (15.2 km/h; 9.4 mph). When submerged, she could operate for 50 nautical miles (93 km; 58 mi) at 5 knots (9.3 km/h; 5.8 mph); when surfaced, she could travel 8,500 nautical miles (15,700 km; 9,800 mi) at 8 knots (15 km/h; 9.2 mph). U-161 was fitted with six 50 centimetres (20 in) torpedo tubes (four at the bow and two at the stern), twelve to sixteen torpedoes, and one 10.5 cm (4.1 in) SK L/45 deck gun. She had a complement of thirty-six (thirty-two crew members and four officers).
# The Promised Land (autobiography)

The Promised Land is the 1912 autobiography of Mary Antin. It tells the story of her early life in what is now Belarus and her immigration to the United States in 1894. The book focuses on her attempts to assimilate into the culture of the United States. It received very positive reviews and sold more than 85,000 copies in the three decades after its release. The book's popularity allowed Antin to begin speaking publicly, a platform that she used to promote acceptance of immigration to the United States. Some Americans hostile to immigration criticized The Promised Land, disagreeing with her claim to count as an American. Some Jewish writers criticized the book for leaning too assimilationist, arguing she did not sufficiently respect her heritage.
# Sauris

Sauris (German: Zahre) is a comune (municipality) in the Regional decentralization entity of Udine in the Italian region of Friuli-Venezia Giulia. At an elevation of 1,212 m (3,976 ft), it is the second highest municipality in the region and one of the German language islands in Northeast Italy. Sauris is part of the Alpine pearls cooperation for sustainable tourism.

## Geography

Sauris is situated within the Carnia mountain area of Friuli, in the Lumiei Valley (Val Lumiei) of the Carnic Alps, northwest of the Monte Bìvera massif. It is located about 60 kilometres (37 mi) northwest of the provincial capital Udine and 120 kilometres (75 mi) northwest of Trieste.
The municipal area mainly consists of two villages, Sauris di Sotto (Unterzahre) und Sauris di Sopra (Oberzahre), with a total population of 429 (as of 2010). Sauris borders the following municipalities: Ampezzo, Forni di Sopra, Forni di Sotto, Ovaro, Prato Carnico, and Vigo di Cadore.

## History

According to legend, the settlement was founded about 1300 by two exhausted German mercenaries who retired to Carnia. Actually, the Romance place name Sauris, possibly derived from Illyrian Savira ("current"), was already mentioned in the 12th century. German peasants probably immigrated from the Tyrolean Hochpustertal and the adjacent Lesachtal in the north. Like the historic Cadore region in the west, Carnia had belonged to the ecclesiastical Patria del Friuli (Patriarchate of Aquileia) since 1077 and passed from the Holy Roman Empire to the Republic of Venice by 1420. For centuries, the isolated valley could only be reached by steep footpaths. A road to Ampezzo was built from 1919 to 1934; followed by the construction of a large dam project in the Lumiei Valley from 1941 onwards. The Lago di Sauris reservoir was completed in 1948. During the period of Italian Fascism, the local population was subject to Italianization measures.

## Language

Since its foundation, Sauris has been a German linguistic enclave in Friuli and has been able to preserve that status to the present day because of its isolated location. The local dialect, Saurano, preserves archaic features of the Tyrolean dialect to which it is related. This vernacular is a variety of Puster Valley Tyrolean Bavarian that is closely related to the speech of nearby Sappada (Plodn). It is unrelated to the Germanic Cimbrian language spoken in other language islands in Trentino and Veneto. The population of Sauris is in large part trilingual, also able to speak Italian and Friulian.
The municipality falls under article 29 of the Regional Law of 18 December 2007 concerning Friulian, under which the Region of Friuli-Venezia Giulia established official nomenclature in both standard Friulian and the local forms of Friulian of those municipalities in which Friulian is a de facto language, and also the regional laws 4/99 and 20/2009, establishing linguistic minority rights and aid for the German-speaking populations within Friuli-Venezia Giulia.
# Ryazansky Prospekt

Ryazanskiy Prospekt (Russian: Рязанский проспект) is a station on Moscow Metro's Tagansko-Krasnopresnenskaya Line. Opened on 31 December 1966 as part of the Zhdanovsky radius, the station is situated where the line snakes northward and instead of following the Volgogradsky Avenue begins to follow the Ryazansky Avenue which runs several kilometres parallel to it on the north, another avenue and the original road to the city of Ryazan. Like all of the shallow-level stations built at the time, the design is a typical column tri-span, however like Volgogradsky Prospekt the platform has been narrowed. The composition of the station (architects Nina Alyoshina, Yury Vdovin and N. Samoylova) adopted the traditional Ryazan cloth theme to the wall decoration where the white tiles are distinctively articulated at the top with red patterns. Also prominent is the large black level (to keep the proportions) the pillars are faced with grey-indigo marble and the floor is laid with grey and pink granite. Unusually the station has two surface vestibules, each on both sides of the Ryazanskoye Avenue (station is perpendicular to it) as well as access to the Akademika Skryabina street. In March 2002 the station had a modest passenger traffic of 70,410.
# Chennault's Flying Tigers

Chennault's Flying Tigers (shown as Flying Tigers on the packaging) is a video game published in 1991 by Discovery Games for the Apple II, Atari 8-bit computers, Commodore PET, and TRS-80.

## Gameplay

Flying Tigers is a game in which a squadron of P40C Tomahawk battles Japanese pilots in December 1941. The game is based on the Flying Tigers who flew over China during World War II. The player is tasked with shooting down Japanese bombers and fighters using a keyboard and a joystick.

## Reception

Dr. Johnny Wilson reviewed the game for Computer Gaming World, and stated that "In short, Flying Tigers is an interesting game that is not yet living up to its potential."
# Chahak, Eskelabad

Chahak (Persian: چاهك, also Romanized as Chāhak; also known as Chāhūk and Chāqak) is a village in Eskelabad Rural District, Nukabad District, Khash County, Sistan and Baluchestan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 91, in 17 families.
# Kosmos 2380

Kosmos 2380 (Russian: Космос 2380 meaning Cosmos 2380) is one of a set of three Russian military satellites launched in 2001 as part of the GLONASS satellite navigation system. It was launched with Kosmos 2381 and Kosmos 2382.
This satellite is a GLONASS satellite, also known as Uragan, and is numbered Uragan No. 790.
Kosmos 2380/1/2 were launched from Site 81/24 at Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan. A Proton-K carrier rocket with a Blok DM upper stage was used to perform the launch which took place at 18:04 UTC on 1 December 2001. The launch successfully placed the satellites into Medium Earth orbit. It subsequently received its Kosmos designation, and the international designator 2001-053C. The United States Space Command assigned it the Satellite Catalog Number 26989.
It was in the first orbital plane in orbital slot 6. It is no longer part of the GLONASS constellation.
# Mixed team at the 1904 Summer Olympics

Early Olympic Games allowed for individuals in a team to be from different nations. The International Olympic Committee (IOC) now groups their results together under the mixed team designation. Until 2024 IOC used code ZZX and since 2024 code XXB for designating mixed teams. During the 1904 Summer Olympics, team comprising international members won 1 medal. Until 2024 the IOC attributed to mixed teams 3 more medals, however, since 2024 these medals were reallocated to the particular countries.

## Medalists

| Medal | Name | Sport | Event |
| Gold | Manuel Díaz (CUB) Ramón Fonst (CUB) Albertson Van Zo Post (USA) | Fencing | Team foil |

## Medals, that IOC until 2024 attributed to mixed teams

Until 2024 the IOC also attributed to mixed teams the following 3 medals. Since 2024 the IOC has reallocated these medals to the particular countries.
| Medal | Name | Sport | Event | Reallocated to |
| Gold | John Grieb (USA) Anton Heida (USA) Max Hess (USA) Philip Kassel (USA) Julius Lenhart (AUT) Ernst Reckeweg (USA) | Gymnastics | Artistic Team All-Around, Apparatus Work and Field Sports Men | United States |
| Silver | Albert Corey (FRA) Lacey Hearn (USA) Sidney Hatch (USA) James Lightbody (USA) Frank Verner (USA) | Athletics | 4 mile team race | United States |
| Bronze | Oscar Friede (USA) Charles Harberkorn (USA) Harry Jacobs (USA) Frank Kugler (GER) Charles Thias (USA) | Tug of War | Men | United States |
# Polistena

Polistena (Calabrian Greek: Πολυξένη, romanized: Polyxénē, or Πολυσθένη Polysthénē) is a comune (municipality) in the Metropolitan City of Reggio Calabria in the Italian region Calabria, located about 70 kilometres (43 mi) southwest of Catanzaro and about 50 kilometres (31 mi) northeast of Reggio Calabria.
Polistena borders the following municipalities: Anoia, Cinquefrondi, Cittanova, Melicucco, San Giorgio Morgeto.

## History

Of uncertain historical origins, the territory around Polistena has been inhabited since prehistoric times. From the remains found, it appears to be the territory of transit of the Locresi during their ancestral migration. A village with the modern name is mentioned for the first time in the 13th century AD.
In 1783 Polistena was devastated by a violent earthquake, that razed to the ground most of the city and killed more than 2,000 people. The city was rebuilt quickly, basing on a design by Neapolitan architect Pompeo Schiantarelli, creating an urban center in the upper part of the city.

## Main sights

The Monument to the Fallen (Monumento ai Caduti) is located in Piazza del Popolo, and was sculpted by Francesco Jerace. The Palazzo Avati is located in the same square. In its facade is a portal where there is an apotropaic mark.

## Twin towns — sister cities

Polistena is twinned with:
* Anzola dell'Emilia, Italy

## People

* Fra' Girolamo Marafioti
* Francesco Jerace
* Ferdinando Adornato
* Mimmo Calopresti
* Franco Anile
* Franco Macri
# Al-Shamiya District

31°46′45″N 44°36′31″E﻿ / ﻿31.77907°N 44.60861°E﻿ / 31.77907; 44.60861
Al-Shamiya District is a district of Al-Qādisiyyah Governorate, Iraq. Its seat is the city of Shamiya. It has 4 subdistricts: Al-Shamiya (الشامية), Ghammas (غماس), Al-Aslahea (الصلاحية), and Almhnanwip (المهناوية). The Al-Shamiya branch of the Euphrates river runs through the district.
* This Iraq geographical location article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
# Kurt Alder

Kurt Alder (German pronunciation: ; 10 July 1902 – 20 June 1958) was a German chemist and Nobel laureate.

## Biography

Alder was born in the industrial area of Königshütte, Silesia (modern day Chorzów, Upper Silesia, Poland), where he received his early schooling. Alder left the area when Königshütte became part of Poland in 1922. He studied chemistry at the University of Berlin from 1922, and later at the University of Kiel where his PhD was awarded in 1926 for work supervised by Otto Paul Hermann Diels.
In 1930 Alder was appointed reader for chemistry at Kiel, and promoted to lecturer in 1934. In 1936 he left Kiel to join I G Farben Industrie at Leverkusen, where he worked on synthetic rubber. Then in 1940 he was appointed Professor of Experimental Chemistry and Chemical Technology at the University of Cologne and Director of the Institute of Chemistry there. Throughout this time and despite the many obstacles to original research in Europe at the time, he continued a systematic program of investigations of his particular interests in the synthesis of organic compounds. In all he published more than 151 papers in this field.
In 1945 he worked closely with the inventor of EDTA, Ferdinand Münz. In 1949 they published a paper together on diene synthesis and additions
Alder received several honorary degrees and other awards, such as the 1950 Nobel Prize in Chemistry which he shared with his teacher Diels for their work on what is now known as the Diels–Alder reaction. The lunar crater Alder is named in his honour. The insecticide aldrin, created through a Diels–Alder reaction, is also named after the scientist.
Alder died in June 1958, aged 55. The cause of his death is unknown, however his body was found in his apartment in Cologne, Germany after two weeks. His niece, who found the body, stated that the odor of rotting flesh was so bad that she could smell it from the street outside. Gertrud Alder reported that her husband was incredibly distressed when she last saw him and often muttered the phrase "Les Jardins du Souvenir" (The Memory Garden) whilst writing out his research notes.
# John Allen Kendrick

John Allen Kendrick (February 18, 1901 – January 20, 1960) was an American criminal, escape artist, bank robber and member of the Tri-State Gang whose career spanned four decades. He was listed on the FBI's Top Ten Most Wanted in late 1955, and was apprehended by the FBI that same year.

## Biography

A longtime career criminal, John Allen Kendrick was first arrested by the Baltimore Police Department and charged with larceny and murder in May 1923. He was convicted of larceny and a reduced assault charge, sentenced to five years imprisonment, and released on December 24, 1928. Two years later, he was convicted on a concealed weapons charge and sentenced to two and a half years in February 1930. He escaped from prison on September 2, 1931, but was indicted six months later for shooting a police officer in Washington, DC and sentenced to ten years at the federal penitentiary in Lorton, Virginia.
On July 3, 1933, Kendrick escaped from the correctional facility and eventually joined up with the Tri-State Gang, a group of Depression-era bank robbers and stick-up men active in the Mid-Atlantic United States during the early to mid-1930s. The gang were responsible for countless robberies in Pennsylvania, Maryland, Virginia, North Carolina and Washington, DC.
In June 1934, Kendrick was arrested in Johnson City, Tennessee and returned to Lorton. He remained there for a brief time and transferred to Alcatraz, then to Leavenworth federal penitentiary in July 1941. He remained in Leavenworth for the rest of his sentence but, instead of being released, he was instead extradited to New Jersey to finish his original prison sentence for the 1930 weapons charge. He was finally released after being granted parole in June 1943.
Four years after his release, Kendrick was arrested for the murder of an underworld figure in Washington, DC in June 1947. Tried and convicted on December 10 of that year, he was sentenced to between 3 and 10 years in Leavenworth. He was paroled in March 1954 but arrested nine months later after being identified as the assailant of the man who had seriously wounded a Washington, DC resident after shooting the man in the throat. Indicted for the shooting in August 1955, he was charged with "unlawful flight to avoid prosecution" a month later and was officially added to the FBI's Top Ten Most Wanted on November 2.
Kendrick was tracked down by the FBI within a month and was arrested by federal agents in Chicago on December 5, 1955. He was apprehended without incident and extradited back to Washington, DC where he convicted and given a long jail sentence. Kendrick testified that he had been offered $2,500 to murder Michael Lee but declined the job because "when I got done paying taxes out of that, what would I have left?"
# Juuru

Juuru (German: Jörden) is a small borough (Estonian: alevik) in Rapla Parish, Rapla County, Estonia. From 1991 until 2017 (until the administrative reform of Estonian local governments), Juuru was the administrative center of Juuru Parish.
The school in Juuru is named after the writer Eduard Vilde. The school was a high school until 2014. The Atla-Eeru Inn, which played a role in the Mahtra War of 1858, is located in Juuru.

## Notable people

* Sirje Endre (born 1945), journalist and former politician, born in Juuru

## Gallery

* Chapel in Juuru churchyard
* A gate with a sundial on the churchyard wall
* Main building of Juuru Manor
* Juuru rectory
# Andrey Drozdov

Andrey Anatolyevich Drozdov (Russian: Андрей Анатольевич Дроздов; born 23 February 1988) is a Russian curler from Zelenograd. He skips one of the Russian national teams, and is the first Russian men's skip to ever play in the World Championships and first man to skip Russia at the Olympics. He is currently the coach of the Russian women's junior team.

## Career

In his youth, Drozdov was a swimmer, but was unsuccessful, so he took up curling at age 15.
Drozdov won his first national championship as a skip in 2009. He has represented Russia in six European Curling Championships. In 2007, he placed 14th playing third for Alexander Kirikov. In 2008, he placed 15th as the skip of the Russian team. In 2009, he placed 12th as the team's skip. Drozdov also skipped the Russian team at the 2009 World Junior Curling Championships, placing 7th. In 2010, he placed 9th as skip. In 2011 he played second for Alexey Tselousov and the team had an 11th-place finish. At the 2012 European Curling Championships, Drozdov lead Russia to their best finish, 5th, qualifying for the World Championships for the first time. Drozdov's lone international medal was a bronze at the 2006 European Mixed Curling Championship. Drozdov played in his first World Curling Championships for Russia at the 2013 Ford World Men's Curling Championship, where he led Russia to a 10th-place finish.
Drozdov was named skip of the Russian team at the 2014 Winter Olympics. He led the host nation to a 7th-place finish, with a 3-6 record.
# SM U-165

SM U-165 was one of the 329 submarines serving in the Imperial German Navy in World War I. U-165 would have been engaged in naval warfare and taken part in the First Battle of the Atlantic but didn't since Germany suspended submarine warfare on 20 October 1918. She sank on her way to surrender on 18 November 1918 at position 53°10′N 8°53′E﻿ / ﻿53.167°N 8.883°E﻿ / 53.167; 8.883.

## Design

Type U 93 submarines were preceded by the shorter Type U 87 submarines. U-165 had a displacement of 821 tonnes (808 long tons) when at the surface and 1,002 tonnes (986 long tons) while submerged. She had a total length of 71.55 metres (234 ft 9 in), a pressure hull length of 56.05 m (183 ft 11 in), a beam of 6.30 m (20 ft 8 in), a height of 8.25 m (27 ft 1 in), and a draught of 3.88 m (12 ft 9 in). The submarine was powered by two 2,400 metric horsepower (1,800 kW; 2,400 shp) engines for use while surfaced, and two 1,230 metric horsepower (900 kW; 1,210 shp) engines for use while submerged. She had two propeller shafts and two 1.70 m (5 ft 7 in) propellers. She was capable of operating at depths of up to 50 metres (160 ft).
The submarine had a maximum surface speed of 16.2 knots (30.0 km/h; 18.6 mph) and a maximum submerged speed of 8.2 knots (15.2 km/h; 9.4 mph). When submerged, she could operate for 50 nautical miles (93 km; 58 mi) at 5 knots (9.3 km/h; 5.8 mph); when surfaced, she could travel 8,500 nautical miles (15,700 km; 9,800 mi) at 8 knots (15 km/h; 9.2 mph). U-165 was fitted with six 50 centimetres (20 in) torpedo tubes (four at the bow and two at the stern), twelve to sixteen torpedoes, and one 10.5 cm (4.1 in) SK L/45 deck gun. She had a complement of thirty-six (thirty-two crew members and four officers).
# Pur Ashraf Sheykh Makan Castle

Pur Ashraf Sheykh Makan castle (Persian: قلعه پور اشرف شیخ مکان) is a historical castle located in Darreh Shahr County in Ilam Province, The longevity of this fortress dates back to the 1335 AH.
# Gaygan

Gaygan (Persian: گايكان, also Romanized as Gāygān, Gāyekān, Kaygan, Kāykān, and Kāygān) is a village in Borborud-e Sharqi Rural District, in the Central District of Aligudarz County, Lorestan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 836, in 177 families.
# I Belong to Me (film)

I Belong to Me (Danish: Jeg er sgu min egen!) is a 1967 Danish musical film directed by Erik Balling and starring Daimi.

## Cast

* Daimi – Annie Jensen
* Cæsar – Anders
* Peter Steen – Christian Holgersen
* Ove Sprogøe – Værgen
* Poul Bundgaard – Albert Hyldersen
* Karl Stegger – Tjeneren
* Poul Reichhardt – Kaptajn Sir William
* Henrik Wiehe – Bilist
* Bendt Rothe – Dommeren
* Vigga Bro – Hulda
* Christiane Rohde – Dorothea
* Ole Monty – Bilist
* Else-Marie – Fru Holgersen (as Else Marie)
* Ejner Nørby – Holgersen
* The Defenders – Themselves
* Jørgen Beck – Bonden
* Gunnar Bigum – Bedemand
* Poul Borum – Bartenderen
* Freddy Fræk
* Freddy Grakjær
* Gyda Hansen – Lily
* Lise Henningsen – Luderen
* Lotte Hermann – Rosa
* Edith Hermansen – Bondekonen
* Stig Hoffmeyer
* Inge Hyllested – Opsynet
* Bjørn Spiro – Butleren
* Gert Vindahl
* Kirsten Walther – Fru Hyldersen
* Bent Warburg
# Evangelical Methodist Church in Argentina

The Argentine Evangelical Methodist Church (Spanish:Iglesia Evangélica Metodista Argentina) is a member of the World Council of Churches and has 8,940 members and 123 congregations. While autonomous, the denomination is affiliated with the United Methodist Church.

## History

In 1836, the Methodist Episcopal Church decided to send missionaries to Buenos Aires. Earlier Methodist bodies, resulting from the missions, merged to form the Evangelical Methodist Church in Argentina in 1969.

## Social Issues

Women are able to be ordained in the denomination. The church has "given, on a national level, freedom to each congregation to accompany...[same-sex] couples. [They] give freedom of action to be able to bless them". In an episcopal letter, Bishop Frank de Nully Brown shared that the church opposes any kind of secular or religions discrimination.
# Harutaeographa rubida

Harutaeographa rubida is a moth of the family Noctuidae. It is found in Nepal and northern India (Sikkim).