OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Sok Kam

Sok Kam (Thai: โสกก่าม) is a tambon (subdistrict) of Seka District, in Bueng Kan Province, Thailand. In 2020 it had a total population of 6,304 people.

## History

The subdistrict was created effective August 10, 1989 by splitting off 7 administrative villages from Ban Tong.

## Administration
### Central administration

The tambon is subdivided into 12 administrative villages (muban).
| No. | Name | Thai |
| 01. | Ban Sok Kam | บ้านโสกก่าม |
| 02. | Ban Na Ta Kai | บ้านนาตาไก้ |
| 03. | Ban Yang Rian | บ้านยางเรียน |
| 04. | Ban Nong Pa Tang | บ้านหนองปะต่าง |
| 05. | Ban Bo Phana | บ้านบ่อพนา |
| 06. | Ban Dong Sawang | บ้านดงสว่าง |
| 07. | Ban Non Samran | บ้านโนนสำราญ |
| 08. | Ban Nong Pla Duk | บ้านหนองปลาดุก |
| 09. | Ban Tham Phra | บ้านถ้ำพระ |
| 10. | Ban Non Samran Tai | บ้านโนนสำราญใต้ |
| 11. | Ban Non Ngam | บ้านโนนงาม |
| 12. | Ban Charoen Suk | บ้านเจริญสุข |

### Local administration

The whole area of the subdistrict is covered by the subdistrict administrative organization (SAO) Sok Kam (องค์การบริหารส่วนตำบลโสกก่าม).
# James Baker (Canadian politician)

James Baker (January 6, 1830 – July 31, 1906) was an English-born soldier and British Columbia political figure. He represented Kootenay from 1886 to 1890, East Kootenay from 1890 to 1898 and East Kootenay South from 1898 to 1900 in the Legislative Assembly of British Columbia.
He was born in London, the son of Samuel Baker, and was educated at the Collegiate School, Gloucester and at Cambridge University. In 1855, Baker married Sarah Louise White. He entered the Indian Navy in 1845, taking part in a survey of the Arabian coast and the suppression of the slave trade. Baker later joined the British Army and fought in the Crimea.
In 1858, he left the army as a very junior subaltern, and was admitted to Magdalene College, Cambridge, being awarded a BA in 1862 and MA in 1865. It was shortly before Baker's arrival in Cambridge that a decision was taken to form the University Rifle Volunteers and in 1860, Baker was appointed first commanding officer with the rank of major, being promoted to lieutenant-colonel later that year, and gazetted full colonel in 1906.
During this time, Baker was much involved with the suggestion of a "military degree", a scheme supported by the Prince Consort, but lost on his untimely death. Baker also devised a new plan for the mobilisation of the volunteer forces, having them concentrate on railway centres, and which was implemented in part.
Like many army officers of the day, Baker acted as a freelance, unpaid, intelligence gatherer, and Baker was author of the book Turkey in Europe as well has several confidential reports to the prime minister, Lord Beaconsfield. He was employed for a time as one of the private secretaries of the Duke of Westminster.
In 1885, he came with his family to British Columbia, settling first at Skookumchuck and later near the present site of Cranbrook. Baker was involved in plans to develop coal deposits in Crowsnest Pass area and later in plans to construct a railway connecting British Columbia and Alberta through the Pass. Eventually, he and his partners came to an agreement with the Canadian Pacific Railway. The choice of a route passing through Cranbrook and bypassing Fort Steele led to the development of Cranbrook as the major centre in the area. Baker served in the provincial cabinet as Provincial Secretary and Minister of Education, Immigration and Mines. In 1900, he retired to England. He died in Inglewood, Parkstone, Dorset at the age of 76.
Baker supported a head tax on the entry of Chinese and Japanese person into the province.
His brother Samuel was a British explorer, and another brother Valentine was a British soldier who served in Turkey. A third brother, John Garland Baker, was the first English tea planter in Ceylon. Overshadowed by his brothers, Baker's achievements are often overlooked.
Baker Street in Nelson and in Cranbrook were named after Colonel Baker.
# Goli Chas

Goli Chas (Persian: گلي چاس, also Romanized as Golī Chās, Golīchās, and Golī Chās) is a village in Zaz-e Sharqi Rural District, Zaz va Mahru District, Aligudarz County, Lorestan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 235, in 46 families.
# Farukh

Parukh (Armenian: Փառուխ) or Farukh (Azerbaijani: Farux, also Fərrux, Farrukh; Russian: Фарух), is an Armenian-populated village located in the Khojaly District of Azerbaijan, in the disputed region of Nagorno-Karabakh. Until 2023 it was controlled by the breakaway Republic of Artsakh. The village had an ethnic Armenian-majority population until the exodus of the Armenian population of Nagorno-Karabakh following the 2023 Azerbaijani offensive in Nagorno-Karabakh.

## History

During the Soviet period, the village was part of the Askeran District of the Nagorno-Karabakh Autonomous Oblast. On 24 March 2022, Azerbaijani forces crossed the line of contact established after the 2020 Nagorno-Karabakh ceasefire agreement, advancing towards the village, with initial reports stating that the forces had entered the village and surrounding areas. On 27 March 2022, the Russian Defense Ministry reported that Azerbaijani forces had withdrawn from the village. According to the Ministry of Defence of Azerbaijan, withdrawal of units and change in the positions didn't happen. According to Artsakh authorities, despite Azerbaijani forces having left the settlement, they continue to occupy a piece of the Karaglukh mountain. On 9 June 2022, Russian foreign minister Sergey Lavrov promised that a solution for the situation in the village will be provided in the process of demarcation between Armenia and Azerbaijan.

## Historical heritage sites

Historical heritage sites in and around the village include the Armenian cemetery of Kalen Khut (Armenian: Կալեն Խութ) from between the 9th and 13th centuries, with a distinctive khachkar, approximately one kilometer to the southwest of the village. To the southeast of Parukh there is a height with the ruins of the village of Karaglukh (Armenian: Քարագլուխ, lit. 'head of the rock'). On the road between Parukh and Karaglukh there are three khachkars, with one of them being notable due to its use as a road sign. In and around Karaglukh there is a cemetery from between the 13th and 20th centuries with two distinctive khachkars, as well as the notable khachkar of Mote Jur (Armenian: Մոտե Ջուր, lit. 'by water') near the cemetery. The cemetery has one gravestone from 1253 dating from the period of the Kingdom of Artsakh, as well as one gravestone with a relief of a rider with a sword where an Armenian soldier that died in 1918 during the Armenian–Azerbaijani War is buried. Nearby is also the St. Astvatsatsin Church from the late medieval period with khachkars in the walls, possibly built on the foundations of an earlier 13th-century basilica, as well as settlement ruins and a cemetery from between the 16th and 17th centuries.

## Economy and culture

The population is mainly engaged in agriculture and animal husbandry. As of 2015, the village has a municipal building, the Parukh branch of the Khramort Secondary School, and a medical centre. The community of Parukh includes the uninhabited village of Karaglukh.

## Demographics

The village has an ethnic Armenian-majority population, had 42 inhabitants in 2005, and 72 inhabitants in 2015.
# Yeleninsky

Yeleninsky (Russian: Еленинский) is a rural locality (a village) in Iglinsky Selsoviet, Iglinsky District, Bashkortostan, Russia. The population was 13 as of 2010. There is 1 street.

## Geography

Yeleninsky is located 5 km north of Iglino (the district's administrative centre) by road. Starye Karashidy is the nearest rural locality.
# Tatsinsky District

Tatsinsky District (Russian: Таци́нский райо́н) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the forty-three in Rostov Oblast, Russia. It is located in the center of the oblast. The area of the district is 2,411 square kilometers (931 sq mi). Its administrative center is the rural locality (a stanitsa) of Tatsinskaya. Population: 38,464 (2010 Census); 43,251 (2002 Census); 43,306 (1989 Soviet census). The population of Tatsinskaya accounts for 26.0% of the district's total population.
# Sergei Nechay

Sergei Vasilyevich Nechay (Russian: Серге́й Васильевич Нечай, Ukrainian: Cергій Нечай; born 10 December 1968) is a Russian professional football official and a former player. He made his professional debut in the Soviet Second League in 1989 for PFC Nyva Vinnytsia.

## Honours

* Russian Premier League runner-up: 1993.
* Russian Cup finalist: 1995.

## European club competitions

* UEFA Cup 1994–95 with FC Rotor Volgograd: 2 games, 1 goal.
* UEFA Intertoto Cup 1999 with FC Rostselmash Rostov-on-Don: 1 game.
# Barguna Sadar Upazila

Barguna Sadar (Bengali: বরগুনা সদর) is an upazila of Barguna District in the Division of Barisal, Bangladesh.

## Geography

Barguna Sadar is located at 22°09′03″N 90°07′35″E﻿ / ﻿22.1508°N 90.1264°E﻿ / 22.1508; 90.1264. It has a total area of 454.39 km$^2$.

## History

In 1904, a thana (police outpost headquarters) was founded in Barguna. During the Bangladesh Liberation War of 1971, many people were murdered in Barguna town as well as the Bengali freedom fighters when retreating. 100 prisoners at the Barguna Jail were killed by the Pakistan Army on 29 and 30 November and they were later buried in a mass grave to the west of the Jail. By 3 December, Barguna had been liberated. Barguna Sadar Thana's status was upgraded to upazila (sub-district) in 1983 as part of the President of Bangladesh Hussain Muhammad Ershad's decentralisation programme.

## Demographics

Religions in Barguna Sadar Upazila (2022) :
| Religion | Religion | Percent | Percent |
| Islam | Islam | 93.48% | 93.48% |
| Hinduism | Hinduism | 6.48% | 6.48% |
| Other or not stated | Other or not stated | 0.04% | 0.04% |
According to the 2011 Census of Bangladesh, Barguna Sadar Upazila had a population of 260,830 living in 62,086 households. 56,337 (21.56%) were under 10 years of age. Barguna Sadar has a literacy rate (age 7 and over) of 58.6%, compared to the national average of 51.8%, and a sex ratio of 1036 females per 1000 males. 32,235 (12.36%) lived in urban areas.
According to the 1991 Bangladesh census, Barguna Sadar had a population of 219,729. Males constituted 50.7% of the population, and females 49.3%. The population aged 18 or over was 111,209. Barguna Sadar had an average literacy rate of 90.8% (7+ years), compared to the national average of 72.4%. Majority of its residents are Barisali Bengali Muslims, though there is a substantial population of Barisali Bengali Hindus as well as a minority Rakhine Buddhist community in Baliatali Union.

## Administration

UNO: Md. Shamim Mia.
Barguna Sadar Upazila is divided into Barguna Municipality and ten union parishads: Aylapatakata, Barguna, Bodorkhali, Burirchor, Dhalua, Fuljhuri, Gowrichanna, Keorabunia, M. Baliatali, and Noltona. The union parishads are subdivided into 51 mauzas and 191 villages.
Barguna Municipality is subdivided into 9 wards and 18 mahallas.
# Years of Lead

Years of Lead is a phrase used in several countries to refer to periods of history marked by military repression, political violence or terrorism.
Years of lead may refer to:

## Historical periods

* Years of Lead (Brazil), period of state violence against dissidents under the military dictatorship of Emílio Garrastazu Médici from 1968 to 1974
* Years of Lead (Italy), period of far-right and far-left anti-Democratic terrorism in Italy from 1968–1988
* Years of Lead (Morocco), period of state violence against dissidents under the rule of King Hassan II of Morocco from the 1960s–1980s

## Films

* Marianne and Juliane (German title: Die bleierne Zeit, 'The Years of Lead'), 1981 West German film
# Yaakov Yitzchak of Lublin

Yaakov Yitzchak HaLevi Horowitz (Hebrew: יעקב יצחק הלוי הורוביץ), known as "the Seer of Lublin" (החוזה מלובלין‎), ha-Chozeh MiLublin; (c. 1745 - August 15, 1815) was a Hasidic rebbe from Poland.
A leading figure in the early Hasidic movement, he became known as the "seer" or "visionary" due to his purported ability to gaze across great distance by supernatural means. He was a disciple of the Maggid of Mezritch. He continued his studies under Shmelke of Nilkolsburg and Elimelech of Lizhensk. He lived for a while in Lantzut before moving to Lublin.
After Horowitz moved to Lublin, thousands of Hasidim flocked to learn from him. Among his disciples were such Hasidic luminaries as Yaakov Yitzchak Rabinowicz ("the Holy Jew"), Simcha Bunim of Peshischa, Meir of Apta, David of Lelov, Moshe Teitelbaum, Tzvi Elimelech of Dinov, Naftali Zvi of Ropshitz, and Shalom Rokeach of Belz. Horowitz also gained a reputation as a miracle-worker who could accomplish the tikkun, or repair of the soul, of those who sought his assistance and guidance. During his stay in Lublin, Horowitz was opposed by a prominent mitnaged rabbi, Azriel Horowitz. He established his synagogue there at Szeroka 28 in the Jewish Quarter of Lublin. Even after Horowitz's death the synagogue remained the heart and soul for the scholars of the city. During the war the building was demolished to the ground, and was never rebuilt. Lately the Lublin Organization in New York made an attempt to restitute the property in order to rebuild the synagogue in remembrance of Rabbi Horowitz, but their efforts were unsuccessful.
Horowitz was a descendant of Isaiah Horowitz, a prominent rabbi and mystic, and his maternal grandfather, Yaakov Koppel Likover, also a prominent rabbi and scholar, as well as a contemporary of the Ba'al Shem Tov.
He was injured in a fall from a window on Simchat Torah night, following the ritual hakafos dancing, and died almost a year later on Tisha B'av from injuries relating to this fall. He is buried in the Old Jewish Cemetery, Lublin. His great grandson was Rabbi Kalonymus Kalman Shapira of Piaseczna.

## Works

His writings are contained in four books:
* Divrei Emet
* Zot Zikaron
* Zikaron Zot
* Zikaron Tov
In a compilation of these works, entitled Torat HaChozeh MiLublin, his commentaries are arranged alphabetically according to topics and according to the weekly Torah portion.
# Kurt Gimmi

Kurt Gimmi (13 January 1936 – 29 March 2003) was a Swiss professional road bicycle racer. He was born and died in Zürich and was a professional from 1958 until 1964. He won the eleventh stage of the 1960 Tour de France and the 1959 Tour de Romandie.

## Major results
### 1959

    1st, Overall, Tour de Romandie
       1st, Stage 1 part b Tour de Romandie, Carouge (SUI)
       2nd, Stage 2 Tour de Romandie, Carouge (SUI)
    1st, Stage 3a Tour de Suisse

### 1960

    1st, Stage 11 Tour de France
    2nd, Overall, Tour de Suisse (SUI)
       3rd, Stage 2
       2nd, Stage 5

### 1961

    1st, Stage 5 Tour de Suisse

### 1963

    1st, Stage 5 Tour de Suisse
# Ministry of Education (Iran)

The Ministry of Education of Iran (Persian: وزارت آموزش و پرورش جمهوری اسلامی ایران, Vezârat-e Âmôzesh vâ Parvâresh-e Jomhuri-ye Eslâmi-ye Iran) (lit. Ministry of Teaching and Growing of the Islamic Republic of Iran) established in 1964, is an Iranian government body (department) responsible for the oversight of K-12 education in Iran. Each year, a certain portion of the yearly budget gets allocated to public educational institutions (government-run schools & universities). Currently, the average of 20% of government spending and 5% of GDP is allocated to the education sector, a rate that is subjectively higher than most other countries that are in the similar age bracket of Iran (around the age of 50 years). The amount that is allocated to the educational institutions, 50% of it is given to secondary education institutions and 21% of the annual state education budget is allocated to the post-secondary educational institutions (tertiary educational institutions). Also Shahid Rajaee Teacher Training University and Farhangian University are the university of teacher education and human resource development in the Ministry of Education.
# Peace Together

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| Allmusic | link |
| Select | |
Peace Together was a 20 July 1993 fundraiser compilation album released by the Peace Together organisation, dedicated to promoting peace in Northern Ireland, which was initiated by Robert Hamilton, of The Fat Lady Sings, and Ali McMordie of Stiff Little Fingers. Sasha King and Lisa Johnson also joined the Peace Together team at the inception.
Tracks 1 and 13 feature contributions from Peter Gabriel, Sinéad O'Connor, Feargal Sharkey, Nanci Griffith, Jah Wobble, Clive Langer, and members of the Hothouse Flowers.
The track "Be Still" was released as a single to promote the album, it is a cover version of a song by The Fat Lady Sings from their debut album Twist. The song was written by Nick Kelly who also plays acoustic guitar on the track.

## Tracks

* "Be Still" – 3:52
* "What a Waste!" - Curve, Ian Dury – 5:01
* "Games Without Frontiers" - Pop Will Eat Itself – 5:23
* "Satellite of Love" - U2 – 3:51
* "Invisible Sun" - Therapy? – 3:15
* "Peace in Our Time" - Carter the Unstoppable Sex Machine – 3:49
* "Religious Persuasion" - Billy Bragg, Sinéad O'Connor, Andy White – 5:40
* "We Have All the Time in the World" - My Bloody Valentine – 3:15
* "Bad Weather" - Young Disciples – 4:34
* "John the Gun" - The Fatima Mansions – 4:26
* "Oliver's Army" - Blur – 3:09
* "When We Were Two Little Boys" - Rolf Harris, Liam Ó Maonlaí – 4:57
* "Be Still" (Remix Featuring Elizabeth Fraser) – 3:52

## Personnel

* Andy Baker – Engineer
* Leo Barnes – Saxophone
* Ben Blakeman – Guitar
* Blur – Producer
* Dave Burnham – Engineer
* Fiach Cooling – Assistant Engineer
* Ruadhri Cushnan – Engineer
* Pete Davis – Drum Programming
* Demus – Programming, Engineer, Mixing
* Sean Devitt – Engineer
* Tim Dorney – Keyboards
* Fatima Mansions – Producer
* Guy Fixsen – Engineer
* Claudia Fontaine – Vocals (background)
* The Frames – Choir, Chorus
* Elizabeth Fraser – Vocals
* Peter Gabriel – Vocals, Engineer
* Robin Guthrie – Remixing
* Matt Howe – Assistant Engineer
* Kevin Jacobs – Engineer
* Luis Jadim – Percussion
* Pete Jones – Engineer, Assistant Engineer
* Clive Langer – Guitar (Electric), Producer
* Nick Kelly - Acoustic Guitar (Be Still)
* Jon Mallison – Producer, Engineer
* Steve Marker – Producer
* Spencer May – Engineer
* Paul Mortimer – Engineer
* My Bloody Valentine – Engineer, Performer
* Sinéad O'Connor – Vocals
* Liam Ó Maonlaí – Vocals (background), Whistle (Human), Performer, Bodhran
* Steve Osborne – Producer, Engineer
* Andrew Paresi – Drum Programming
* John Reynolds – Drums
* Feargal Sharkey – Vocals
* Chris Sheldon – Producer, Engineer
* Kevin Shields – Producer
* John Smith – Producer, Engineer
* Danton Supple – Engineer
* Therapy? – Producer
* Simon Vinestock – Engineer
* Jah Wobble – Bass
* Young Disciples – Producer, Mixing
# Ramón Tapia Espinal

Ramón Tapia Espinal (March 29, 1926 – March 24, 2002) was a lawyer and political figure from the Dominican Republic. He served as Secretary of Industry and Commerce and Secretary of State under President Rafael Bonnelly during the Council of State (1961–1963), which governed following the overthrow of dictator Rafael Leónidas Trujillo in 1961.
Tapia Espinal was born in La Vega Province. After serving in Bonnelly's government, he became a member of the Triumvirate, a three-man civilian executive committee established by the military following the overthrow of President Juan Bosch in 1963. He initially served alongside Emilio de los Santos and Manuel Enrique Tavares Espaillat, and later with Donald Reid Cabral and Espaillat. He resigned from the Triumvirate in 1964 and was succeeded by Ramón Cáceres Troncoso.
In 1987, he was appointed by President Joaquín Balaguer to represent the Dominican government in prosecuting former President Salvador Jorge Blanco on corruption charges. In 1988, Salvador Jorge Blanco was found guilty in absentia of corruption, sentenced to 20 years in prison, and ordered, along with his associates, to pay fines totaling up to $17.3 million. This verdict marked the first time a Dominican head of state had been convicted of corruption.
In 1997, Rumbo magazine named him one of the 25 most powerful and influential people in the Dominican Republic.
He died in Santo Domingo and was buried on March 26, 2002, at Christ the Redeemer Cemetery, where his eulogy was delivered by Dominican lawyer Marino Vinicio "Vincho" Castillo Rodríguez.
# Parliament of the Chechen Republic

The Parliament of the Chechen Republic (Russian: Парламент Чеченской Республики, romanized: Parlament Chechenskoy Respubliki; Chechen: Нохчийн Республикан Парламент, romanized: Noxçiyn Respublikan Parlament) is the regional parliament of Chechnya, a federal subject of Russia. A total of 41 deputies are elected for five-year terms.
The modern Chechen parliament was established in 2003 after the Constitution of Chechnya was approved in a referendum.

## History

After the 1917 establishment of the USSR, the local parliament, the Supreme Soviet of the Chechen Autonomous Oblast merged with Ingushetia, forming the Supreme Soviet of the Chechen-Ingush Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic. The parliament met twice a year for short sessions.
In Autumn 1995, the pro-Russian Chechen administration led by Doku Zavgaev convened the body with most of the deputies of the old. In June 1996 they held elections to the bicameral National Assembly, which stopped functioning in August 1996, when the control of the republic was in the hands of the separatists and the majority of the elected deputies left Chechnya.
During January and February 1997, another election was conducted to the parliament of Ichkeria. It consisted of about 50 members and it was headed by Ruslan Alikhadjiyev. Alikhadjiyev disappeared almost immediately after the start of the Second Chechen War. In the fall of 1999 the old Supreme Council of the Chechen-Ingush ASSR, tried to gather for the third time. The chairmen of two of its chambers gathered at Moscow with the remaining deputies and created the so-called Chechen State Council, headed by businessman Malik Saidullayev. This initiative, however, was not supported by the Russian leadership, which chose to re-create the local administration. It was headed by the former Mufti of Ichkeria, Akhmad Kadyrov.
Following the Constitution that was adopted in 2003, a bicameral parliament amendment was introduced. In December 2007, a constitutional referendum abolished the upper house.

## Elections
### 2008

| Party | Party | % | Seats |
| | United Russia | 88.40 | 37 |
| | A Just Russia | 9.20 | 4 |
| Registered voters/turnout | Registered voters/turnout | 95.08 | |

### 2013

| Party | Party | % | Seats |
| | United Russia | 85.94 | 37 |
| | A Just Russia | 7.27 | 3 |
| | Patriots of Russia | 5.07 | 1 |
| Registered voters/turnout | Registered voters/turnout | 92.03 | |

### 2016

| Party | Party | % | Seats |
| | United Russia | 87.66 | 37 |
| | A Just Russia | 5.63 | 2 |
| | Communist Party of the Russian Federation | 5.31 | 2 |
| | Patriots of Russia | 1.34 | 0 |
| Registered voters/turnout | Registered voters/turnout | 94.79 | |

### 2021

| Party | Party | % | Seats |
| | United Russia | 89.20 | 37 |
| | A Just Russia — For Truth | 5.59 | 2 |
| | Communist Party of the Russian Federation | 5.16 | 2 |
| Registered voters/turnout | Registered voters/turnout | 94.61 | |
# Kaleń, Gostynin County

Kaleń is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Szczawin Kościelny, within Gostynin County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately 3 kilometres (2 mi) north-west of Szczawin Kościelny, 10 km (6 mi) east of Gostynin, and 98 km (61 mi) west of Warsaw.