OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Audio frequency

An audio frequency or audible frequency (AF) is a periodic vibration whose frequency is audible to the average human. The SI unit of frequency is the hertz (Hz). It is the property of sound that most determines pitch.
The generally accepted standard hearing range for humans is 20 to 20,000 Hz. In air at atmospheric pressure, these represent sound waves with wavelengths of 17 metres (56 ft) to 1.7 centimetres (0.67 in). Frequencies below 20 Hz are generally felt rather than heard, assuming the amplitude of the vibration is great enough. Sound frequencies above 20 kHz are called ultrasonic.
Sound propagates as mechanical vibration waves of pressure and displacement, in air or other substances. In general, frequency components of a sound determine its "color", its timbre. When speaking about the frequency (in singular) of a sound, it means the property that most determines its pitch. Higher pitches have higher frequency, and lower pitches are lower frequency.
The frequencies an ear can hear are limited to a specific range of frequencies. The audible frequency range for humans is typically given as being between about 20 Hz and 20,000 Hz (20 kHz), though the high frequency limit usually reduces with age. Other species have different hearing ranges. For example, some dog breeds can perceive vibrations up to 60,000 Hz.
In many media, such as air, the speed of sound is approximately independent of frequency, so the wavelength of the sound waves (distance between repetitions) is approximately inversely proportional to frequency.

## Frequencies and descriptions

| Frequency (Hz) | Octave | Description |
| 16 to 32 | 1st | The lower human threshold of hearing, and the lowest pedal notes of a pipe organ. |
| 32 to 512 | 2nd to 5th | Rhythm frequencies, where the lower and upper bass notes lie. |
| 512 to 2,048 | 6th to 7th | Defines human speech intelligibility, gives a horn-like or tinny quality to sound. |
| 2,048 to 8,192 | 8th to 9th | Gives presence to speech, where labial and fricative sounds lie. |
| 8,192 to 16,384 | 10th | Brilliance, the sounds of bells and the ringing of cymbals and sibilance in speech. |
| 16,384 to 32,768 | 11th | Beyond brilliance, nebulous sounds approaching and just passing the upper human threshold of hearing |
| MIDI note | Frequency (Hz) | Description | Sound file |
| 0 | 8.17578125 | Lowest organ note | n/a (fundamental frequency inaudible) |
| 12 | 16.3515625 | Lowest note for tuba, large pipe organs, Bösendorfer Imperial grand piano | n/a (fundamental frequency inaudible under average conditions) |
| 24 | 32.703125 | Lowest C on a standard 88-key piano | |
| 36 | 65.40625 | Lowest note for cello | |
| 48 | 130.8125 | Lowest note for viola, mandola | |
| 60 | 261.625 | Middle C | |
| 72 | 523.25 | C in middle of treble clef | |
| 84 | 1,046.5 | Approximately the highest note reproducible by the average female human voice | |
| 96 | 2,093 | Highest note for a flute | |
| 108 | 4,186 | Highest note on a standard 88-key piano | |
| 120 | 8,372 | | |
| 132 | 16,744 | Approximately the tone that a typical CRT television emits while running. | |
# Gauriganj, Nepal

Gauriganj (Nepali: गौरिगञ्ज) is a village and village development committee in the southwest corner of Jhapa District in the Mechi Zone of southeastern Nepal. It is in a flat agricultural district in the extreme southeast of Nepal, between Kadamgachhi, Hukkagachhi and Bhavanipur, only about 3 km from the border with Bihar, India.
# Otfried Höffe

Otfried Höffe (born 12 September 1943 in Leobschütz, Upper Silesia Province, Prussia) is a German philosopher and professor.

## Academic career

From 1964 to 1970, Höffe studied philosophy, history, sociology and theology at the universities of Münster, Tübingen, Saarbrücken and Munich. His 1971 dissertation was on the practical philosophy of Aristotle. In 1970 and 1971, he was visiting scholar at Columbia University.
Höffe qualified as a professor in Munich in 1974 with a dissertation on Strategies of Humanity. On the ethics of public decision-making. In 1976, he got his first full professorship at the University of Duisburg. From 1978 until 1992, he was professor for social philosophy in Fribourg, Switzerland. Höffe also had a lectureship in social ethics at the ETH Zurich from 1986 to 1998. Since 1992, Höffe is a professor of philosophy at the University of Tübingen. In 2002, he also became constant guest professor for philosophy of law at the University of St. Gallen, Switzerland. His main and most famous books, including Kant's Cosmopolitan Theory of Law and Peace translated by Cambridge University Press, deal with ethics, philosophy of law and economics, and the philosophy of Immanuel Kant and Aristotle.
In April 2020, Höffe was appointed by Minister-President Armin Laschet of North Rhine-Westphalia to a 12-member expert group to advise on economic and social consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic in Germany.

## Personal life

Höffe resides in Tübingen.
# Ziarat Mowla

Ziarat Mowla (Persian: زيارت مولا, also Romanized as Zīārat Mowlá; also known as Khar Bandān and Kharbandavān) is a village in Gurband Rural District, in the Central District of Minab County, Hormozgan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 269, in 50 families.
# Heiste

Heiste is a village in Hiiumaa Parish, Hiiu County in northwestern Estonia.
The village was first mentioned in 1798 (Heiste). Historically, the village was part of Kõrgessaare Manor (German: Hohenholm).
# Habyr

Habyr (Arabic: حبير) is a sub-district located in Dhi al-Sufal District, Ibb Governorate, Yemen. Habyr had a population of 9753 as of 2004.
# Overseas Employment Services

Overseas Employment Services may refer to:
* Philippine Overseas Employment Administration
* Bangladesh Overseas Employment and Services Limited
* Overseas Employment Services (Pakistan)
# Nodira

Mohlaroyim (Uzbek: Моҳларойим, ماه لر آییم; 1792–1842), most commonly known by her pen name Nodira (Нодира, نادره), was an Uzbek poet and stateswoman. She functioned as regent of the Khanate of Kokand during the minority of her son from 1822.
Nodira is generally regarded as one of the most outstanding Uzbek poets. She wrote poetry in Uzbek and Persian. Nodira also used other pennames, such as Komila and Maknuna. Many of her diwans have survived and consist of more than 10,000 lines of poetry.

## Biography

Nodira was the wife of Muhammad Umar Khan who ruled the Khanate of Kokand from c. 1810 until his death in 1822. Following her husband's death, Nodira became the de facto ruler of Kokand since her son Muhammad Ali Khan was only a teenager when he was crowned Khan; she continued to be a regent and advisor to him throughout his reign. She was also a writer who wrote poetry both in Uzbek and Persian. Her work consisted of 10,000 hemistiches.
Despite her attempts to instill somewhat more socially liberal values into her son, Madali grew to employ expansionist policies that lead to a war with the rival Emirate of Bukhara. Her poetry was frowned upon by the ulama and was deemed "inappropriate", with her writing often bringing up taboo topics and bemoaning the suffering women faced in Central Asia in that time period.
She was hanged on the order of Emir Nasrullah Khan of Bukhara in April 1842 along with her sons during the Kokand-Bukhara wars. It was reported Nasrullah was furious that she refused to marry him.

## Legacy

Long after her death in 1842 Nodira was promoted in the Soviet era as a national heroine of the Uzbek SSR and enjoyed a status similar to other murdered women such as Nurkhon Yuldasheva. In the public eye she is a martyr and national heroine, and 200 years after her birth, the first national postage stamp of newly independent Uzbekistan featured her portrait.
# Lasheh, Rasht

Lasheh (Persian: لاشه, also Romanized as Lāsheh) is a village in Jirhandeh-ye Lasht-e Nesha Rural District, Lasht-e Nesha District, Rasht County, Gilan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 500, in 142 families.
# York, Clark County, Wisconsin

York is a town in Clark County in the U.S. state of Wisconsin. The population was 853 at the 2000 census.

## Geography

According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 36.1 square miles (93.5 km$^2$), all of it land.

## Demographics

At the 2000 census there were 853 people, 266 households, and 214 families in the town. The population density was 23.6 people per square mile (9.1/km$^2$). There were 279 housing units at an average density of 7.7 per square mile (3.0/km$^2$). The racial makeup of the town was 98.71% White, 0.12% Native American, 0.12% Asian, 0.59% from other races, and 0.47% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.17%.
Of the 266 households 39.8% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 72.2% were married couples living together, 3.0% had a female householder with no husband present, and 19.5% were non-families. 15.0% of households were one person and 5.3% were one person aged 65 or older. The average household size was 3.21 and the average family size was 3.59.
The age distribution was 31.7% under the age of 18, 10.4% from 18 to 24, 25.3% from 25 to 44, 22.7% from 45 to 64, and 9.8% 65 or older. The median age was 34 years. For every 100 females, there were 106.5 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 105.3 males.
The median household income was $38,500 and the median family income was $45,000. Males had a median income of $25,375 versus $21,473 for females. The per capita income for the town was $14,133. About 4.8% of families and 12.1% of the population were below the poverty line, including 16.0% of those under age 18 and 4.9% of those age 65 or over.
# RQOPS

Reliable Quantum Operations Per Second (rQOPS) is a metric that measures the capabilities and error rates of a quantum computer. It combines several key factors to measure how many reliable operations a computer can execute in a single second: logical error rates, clock speed, and number of reliable qubits.
The quantities included in rQOPS can be measured in all quantum computer architectures, allowing different architectures to be compared with one standard metric. A larger rQOPS measurement indicates a faster and more accurate device capable of solving more complex problems.
Microsoft suggest that a machine with 1 million rQOPS qualifies as a quantum supercomputer.
Alternative benchmarks include quantum volume, cross-entropy benchmarking, Circuit Layer Operations Per Second (CLOPS) proposed by IBM and IonQ's Algorithmic Qubits. However, as opposed to considering qubit performance alone, rQOPS measures how capable a quantum system is at solving tangible problems.

## Definition

rQOPS is calculated as rQOPS=Q x f, at a corresponding logical error rate pL., where Q is the number of logical qubits and f is the hardware's logical clock speed. Microsoft has selected this metric for the higher quantum computing implementation levels as it encompasses scale, speed, and reliability.
rQOPS =[Q][f]
# Bucharest–Giurgiu Motorway

The Bucharest–Giurgiu Motorway (Romanian: Autostrada București–Giurgiu), labelled A5, is a proposed motorway in the southern part of Romania, located in the historical region of Muntenia and running along the Pan-European Corridor IX. Estimated to be 51 km (32 mi) long, it will upon completion connect the capital city of Bucharest to Giurgiu, where the motorway will likely connect to Bulgaria's Veliko Tarnovo–Ruse motorway (A7), which further connects to the Hemus motorway (A2), thus serving as a motorway connection between Bucharest and Sofia, the capital city of Bulgaria.

## History and status

The status of what could be the A5 motorway is unclear, with construction works on the motorway unlikely to begin before 2030, especially since the adjacent road which the motorway would double, the National Road 5 (DN5), was upgraded throughout the 2000s to a road with dual carriageway and at-grade junctions without a hard shoulder (emergency lane). Moreover, a new expressway (termed DN5D) that would bypass the city of Giurgiu in the east (about 6 km long) opened in 2021, but this serves only as a connection to the existing Giurgiu border checkpoint and the Friendship Bridge over the Danube. Regardless, building the A5 motorway is only a long-term plan for the Romanian government.
In the past, the Brașov - Bacău (Răcăciuni) motorway (162 km) used to be labelled A5. It was eventually merged with the Sibiu - Brașov motorway (120 km), forming a 282-kilometre long A13 motorway. The route number A5 was since reserved for an eventual motorway between Bucharest and Giurgiu.
# Igor Grivennikov

Igor Grivennikov (born 11 July 1952) is a Russian former swimmer who competed in the 1972 Summer Olympics and won a silver in the 4 × 100 m freestyle relay.
# Tekna (Norway)

Tekna (short for Teknisk-naturvitenskapelig forening, English: Norwegian Society of Graduate Technical and Scientific Professionals) is a union for graduate technical and scientific professionals in Norway.

## History and profile

It was established in 1874 under the name Den Norske Ingeniør- og Arkitektforening ('the Norwegian Engineer and Architect Association'). In 1912 it was reorganized as Den Norske Ingeniørforening ('the Norwegian Engineer Association'). It was again renamed to Norske Sivilingeniørers Forening ('Civil Engineers' Association of Norway') in 1973, and to Tekna in 2004.
It has 103,000 members as of 2023. The headquarters are in Oslo. It publishes Teknisk Ukeblad together with NITO.
Tekna is a member of the Federation of Norwegian Professional Associations, Nording (the Scandinavian association of engineering organisations), and Nordic IN. Its president is Elisabet Line Haugsbø, succeeding Lars Olav Grøvik in 2023.
# Dashli Daraq

Dashli Daraq (Persian: داشلي درق, also Romanized as Dāshlī Daraq; also known as Dāshlī Darreh and Dāshtan Darreh) is a village in Salavat Rural District, Moradlu District, Meshgin Shahr County, Ardabil Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 23, in 6 families.
# Larry Page (singer)

Leonard Davies (9 November 1936 – 19 April 2024), known professionally as Larry Page, was an English pop singer and record producer, primarily from the late 1950s until the early 1970s and briefly in the 1990s.

## Biography

Leonard Davies was born in Hayes, Hillingdon, Middlesex in 1936. After changing his name to Larry Page, in honour of Larry Parks, the star of The Jolson Story (1946), the teenager began a recording career as a singer.
Page tried to magnify his fame through the wearing of unusually large spectacles, as "Larry Page the Teenage Rage". The title was originally coined by Jack Bentley, the showbusiness correspondent from The Sunday Pictorial. He toured the United Kingdom with Cliff Richard and appeared at top venues, including the Royal Albert Hall. He was a regular on television programmes such as Six-Five Special and Thank Your Lucky Stars.
Page later became a successful manager, record producer and record-label owner. Much of his producer/manager success centred on his efforts with the Kinks and the Troggs, and his ownership of Page One Records and Penny Farthing Records. He produced such hits as "Wild Thing" along with all the other hits by the Troggs. Apart from the Troggs and the Kinks, the Larry Page Orchestra gave Jimmy Page (later of Led Zeppelin) some early exposure when he played on Kinky Music. In June 1967, the British music magazine NME reported that Page's bid to retain his former 10% interest in the Kinks had been dismissed by London's High Court.
Page was the producer on Daniel Boone's charting single "Beautiful Sunday". In 1972, Page was also involved in producing a song for Chelsea F.C. The song, "Blue is the Colour", is still played at the end of home matches.
As of the 2000s, Page lived in Avoca Beach, New South Wales, Australia. He died there on 18 April 2024, at the age of 87.

## Discography

The Larry Page Orchestra
* Kinky Music (1965)
* Executive Suite (1967)
* From Larry with Love (1968)
* Instrumentally Yours (1969)
* Presenting the Larry Page Orchestra (1969)
* This Is Larry Page (1970)
* Their Melodies Together (1973)
* Their Melodies Together Again (1974)
* Rampage (1976)
* Erotic Soul (1977)
* Skin Heat (1978)
* Imagine (1979)
* John Paul George Ringo (1996)
* Night Cruising (1998)
# Ottar Helge Johannessen

Ottar Helge Johannessen (23 March 1929 – 25 November 2010) was a Norwegian artist.
He was born and died in Mandal. He took education at the Norwegian National Academy of Fine Arts from 1955 to 1958, and is best known for his woodcuts, etchings and mosaics. Apart from being an active artist, he tutored students at the Norwegian National Academy of Craft and Art Industry between 1967 and 1982.
# Israel Democratic Party

The Israel Democratic Party (Hebrew: ישראל דמוקרטית, romanized: Yisrael Demokratit, lit. 'Democratic Israel') was a political party in Israel established in 2019 by former prime minister Ehud Barak. The party merged with Meretz for the September 2019 election. It did not contest the 2020 snap election.

## Members

Yair Golan, Yifat Bitton, and Kobi Richter were alongside Barak when he announced on 26 June 2019 that he was forming a new party. Other people who have joined Barak's party include Yair Fink, who previously was a candidate for the Israeli Labor Party, in addition to Eldad Yaniv (another Labor member, Emilie Moatti, was rumored to join, but denied the rumor). The granddaughter of Yitzhak Rabin, Noa Rothman, has joined as well. Former Jewish Home member Sagit Peretz Deri joined on 2 July.

## Commitments

The party has made 4 major commitments that they will fulfill if elected:
* The party committed to enacting a written constitution for Israel in the spirit of the values of the Declaration of Independence and the vision of the Biblical prophets of Israel within two years of the establishment of the government. The Constitution will enshrine equality, justice, social rights, and the Jewish right to this land. It will do this, while preserving the unity of the people and the rights of minorities, regardless of religion, race, gender, and sexual orientation. In addition, they will enshrine term limits and prevent those who have been indicted of a crime from serving in public office.
* The party committed to establishing permanent borders for Israel within two years. This is to ensure the existence of Israel as a Jewish and democratic state, and to prevent the annexation of millions of Palestinians.
* The party committed to rehabilitating Israel's social services. They will enact a free education law from the age of 0, and upwards, reduce the wait times for health care, and reduce the cost of living by 20% (by reducing the cost of land and making use of Israel's natural gas). These goals will be reached through an increase in public spending that will bring Israel to the average OECD level of public spending.
* The party committed to allowing civil marriage and divorce in Israel, allowing public transportation on Shabbat, and increasing the salary of IDF soldiers.

## Leaders

| Leader | Leader | Leader | Took office | Left office |
| | | Ehud Barak | 2019 | 2019 |

## Election results

| Election year | Coalition | Party Leader | # of overall votes | % of overall vote | # of overall seats won | +/- | Government |
| September 2019 | Democratic Union | Ehud Barak | 192,495 | 4.34% (as a part of the Democratic Union) | 1 / 120 | 1 | Snap election |
# Columbian

Columbian is the adjective form of Columbia. It may refer to:

## Buildings

* The Columbian Theatre, a music hall in northeastern Kansas
* The Columbian (Chicago), a building in Illinois

## Published works

* The Columbian, a daily newspaper published in Vancouver, Washington, U.S.
* Olympia Pioneer and Democrat, the first newspaper published in what is now the state of Washington, was known in its first two years (1852-53) as The Columbian.
* The Columbian Orator, a collection of political essays, poems, and dialogues first published in 1797
* Columbian Magazine, a monthly magazine published from 1786 to 1792

## Transportation

* Columbian (B&O train), a passenger train operated by Baltimore and Ohio Railroad until 1971
* Columbian (MILW train), a passenger train which operated from 1911 to 1955
* Sternwheeler Columbian disaster, a sternwheeler lost in the worst accident in the Yukon River's history in 1906
* 2-4-2, a type of steam locomotives, also called Columbian type

## Other uses

* Columbian (typography), a name for 16-point type
* Columbian Period, the geological period 2060–1780 MYA named after the supercontinent Columbia
* An early alternative name for inhabitants of the United States
* Columbian Issue, a set of U.S. postage stamps marking the 1893 World Columbian Exposition
* World's Columbian Exposition, held in Chicago, Illinois, in 1893
* Columbian High School, Tiffin, Ohio
* Columbian School (disambiguation)
* Anything pertaining to the Knights of Columbus, (i.e. Columbian values)
# Björn S. Stefánsson

Björn S. Stefánsson (born 19. June 1937) is an Icelandic social scientist. He is a member of Norwegian Academy of Science and Letters.

## Biography

Stefánsson graduated from high school in Reykjavik in 1956 and from Holar agricultural school on Island in 1957. He studied agricultural economy at Norwegian University of Life Sciences 1958-61. He was a research assistant at Norwegian University of Life Sciences 1965-68 and took his doctorate degree in 1968 (Lic.agric) which today compares to a Dr.scient. degree or a PhD. From 1968 he was a teacher at Hvanneyri landbruksskole and 1968-1976 he was head of the Icelandic statistical department. At the same time and after this he was free lance researcher and did economic research. In 1978 he was temporary professor at Nordiska institutet för samhällsplanering in Stockholm.
# Bohdan Manyshyn

Bishop Bohdan Manyshyn (Ukrainian: Богдан Манишин; born 24 October 1972 in Novyi Rozdil, Mykolaiv Raion, Lviv Oblast, Ukrainian SSR) is a Ukrainian Greek Catholic hierarch as Auxiliary bishop of Stryi since 2 April 2014.

## Life

Bishop Manyshyn, after graduation of the school education, polytechnic college and an obligatory service in the Ukrainian Army, joined the Theological Seminary in Lviv. After graduation he was ordained as deacon on 3 March 2002 and as priest on 15 September 2002, while he continued his study in the Catholic University of Lublin with license in the pastoral theology. During 2004–2014 he served as a parish priest in the different parishes of the Eparchy of Stryi.
On 2 April 2014 he was confirmed by the Pope Francis as an Auxiliary Bishop of Stryi, Ukraine and Titular Bishop of Lesvi. On 24 May 2014 he was consecrated as bishop by Major Archbishop Sviatoslav Shevchuk and other hierarchs of the Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church.
# Kalmovka

Kalmovka (Russian: Кальмовка) is a rural locality (a village) in Nikolayevsky Selsoviet, Karmaskalinsky District, Bashkortostan, Russia. The population was 30 as of 2010. There is 1 street.

## Geography

Kalmovka is located 11 km northeast of Karmaskaly (the district's administrative centre) by road. Savaleyevo is the nearest rural locality.
# María del Pilar (athlete)

María del Pilar (born 12 October 1954) is a Guatemalan long-distance runner. She competed in the women's marathon at the 1988 Summer Olympics.