OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Qurayyat, Oman

Qurayyat is a small fishing town 83 km southeast of Muscat, Oman, adjacent to the towns of Sur, Diman Wa Tayeen and Aamerat.
A popular stopping point on the way to Sur, Qurayyat is in itself also a very popular destination for Muscat.
On 28 June 2018, Qurayyat set the record for the highest daily "low" temperature ever recorded: 42.6 °C (108.7 °F).

## Climate of Qurayyat

Given that the state is coastal, the humidity levels rise up to extremes especially in Summer, while mountains remain relatively lower levels of humidity, Al Jabal Al Aswad (The Black Mountain) is located in the inner parts of the state and it is known for extreme cold weathers in Winter and moderate heat in Summer.

## Qurayyats Icon

Most states in Oman have an icon that generally represents the state (For example, Lemon Tree for Saham), and for Qurayyat it is the Capra, given that the animal's habitat is scattered across the mountains of Qurayyat and the connection between Capra and Qurayyat's people.

## Landmarks

Qurayyat has many historical landmarks with the first being Quaryyat Fort which was built by Said bin Khalfan AlBusaidi around 200 years ago, the fort was built for defense as well as residential purposes. The fort was modified in 1987 to become a museum to contain the states historical pottery and weaponry.
Another historical landmark is Sheikh Malik's Mosque, which is located near Qurayyat Fort, the remarkable feature of this mosque is its height which makes it visible from a distance.
Khor AlMilh (Salt Estuary) is located 6 km south of the center of Qurayyat and it is one of the most impactful locations in the state as fossil fuels and human presence remains were found there that are linked back to 3000-4000 BC. The naming of the place comes from the craft of its people as for hundreds of years, people extract salt in traditional ways.

## Portuguese

The Portuguese arrived in the 16th century. The village was a strategic point to control the Oman Gulf and access to the Persian Gulf. It was part of a chain of fortresses the Portuguese Empire had in this region. The Fortress and village were drawn in the beginning of the 17th century for a book by Antóno Bocarro.
# Bishops in Foreign Countries Act 1841

The Bishops in Foreign Countries Act 1841 (5 Vict. c. 6) is an Act of Parliament passed by the Parliament of the United Kingdom to enable the United Church of England and Ireland to create bishops overseas.
The Act authorised the consecration of a bishop for a foreign country who need not be a subject of the British crown nor take the oaths of allegiance or of supremacy, while, on the other hand, the clergy ordained by him would have no right to officiate in England or Ireland.
The need for the act arose after the English Church and government agreed to consent to the establishment of the Anglican-German Bishopric in Jerusalem.
The Act received royal assent on 5 October 1841 and remains, as of 2008, largely in force.
# Danish Artist Union

The Danish Artist Union (Danish: Dansk Artist Forbund, DAF) is a trade union representing variety performers and musicians in Denmark.
The International Artist Lodge was established in 1901, but ceased to function during World War I. In 1918, 25 artists met at the Café National in Copenhagen, and founded the Danish Artist Union, initially led by Willy Torp, a contortionist and comic juggler. The union affiliated to the Danish Confederation of Trade Unions (LO) in 1953, but remained very small. It had only 200 members in 1954, at which time it was led by Willy Manley.
In 1958, the union established an unemployment fund, and this encouraged many actors to join the union. However, in 1974, the Danish Actors' Association set up its own unemployment fund, and since then, few actors have joined DAF.
LO became part of the Danish Trade Union Confederation (FH) in 2019, to which DAF is now affiliated. As of 2018, the union had 1,150 members.
# Pas Asiab-e Fartaq

Pas Asiab-e Fartaq (Persian: پس اسياب فارتق, also Romanized as Pas Asīāb-e Fārtaq) is a village in Bahmayi-ye Sarhadi-ye Sharqi Rural District, Dishmok District, Kohgiluyeh County, Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 83, in 14 families.
# Basut-e Hajji Hasan

Basut-e Hajji Hasan (Persian: بسوت حاجي حسن, also Romanized as Basūt-e Ḩājjī Ḩasan; also known as Basūt and Basūt-e Pā’īn) is a village in Bahu Kalat Rural District, Dashtiari District, Chabahar County, Sistan and Baluchestan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 806, in 151 families.
# Aqagir

Aqagir (Persian: اقاگير, also Romanized as Āqāgīr) is a village in Alamut-e Bala Rural District, Rudbar-e Alamut District, Qazvin County, Qazvin Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 108, in 36 families.
# Khalkhalian, Talesh

Khalkhalian (Persian: خلخاليان, also Romanized as Khalkhālīān) is a village in Chubar Rural District, Haviq District, Talesh County, Gilan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 260, in 64 families.

## Language

Linguistic composition of the village.
Khalkhalian linguistic composition
language
percent
Azerbaijani
100% :
# Stanislav Nikolaenko

Stanislav Nikolaevich Nikolaenko (Ukrainian: Станіслав Миколайович Ніколаєнко, romanized: Stanislav Mykolaiovych Nikolaienko) is a Ukrainian politician. Acting Rector of the National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine. Leader of United Left and Peasants.
Stanislav Nikolaenko was born in 1956 in Kirovohrad region. Professor, PhD in teacher training science, in 2008 to obtain a degree of Doctor of Science. Head of Public Council of Educators and Researches of Ukraine. Participant of protests against Kuchma, Orange Revolution, and Euromaidan.

## Early life

Professor Nikolaenko graduated from the Agricultural Academy of the Ukrainian SSR becoming a mechanical engineer (1978) and engineer-educator (1980). In 1991 he received a degree from the Odesa Institute of Political Science and Sociology.
Stanislav Nikolaenko began his career as a teacher at the Kirovohrad Agricultural College. After receiving teacher education he was teaching mechanization of livestock at the Kakhovka College. Later he served as the principal of the Krasnoperekopsky vocational school. In 1991–1994 years he worked as the Deputy Head of Kherson Regional Department of Education and Associate Professor of Agricultural Mechanization at the Kherson Agricultural Institute.

## Political career

* 1991-2009 - founder and active member of Socialist Party of Ukraine;
* 1991-2006 - MP, four times was elected to Verkhovna Rada (Parliament);
* 2005-2007 - Minister of Education and Science of Ukraine;
* 2008 - founder of the Union for Renewal of Socialist Party of Ukraine;
* 2009 - leader of Justice party (SPRAVEDLIVOST);
* 2009 - leader of United Left and Peasants.
In 2007 SPU lost the parliamentarian elections. In 2008 a group of SPU members including Nikolaenko and Aleksander Baranivskiy founded the "Union for Renewal of Socialist Party of Ukraine" and proposed 10 steps to return into "big policy" stated in the program "A Just Ukraine" to SPU leader Oleksander Moroz. But the conservative entourage of O. Moroz persuade him to refuse the "road map" for self-protection. A few months later Nikolaenko was expelled from SPU.
In April 2009 Nikolaenko was elected as a leader of the Justice party.
In December 2011 Nikolaenko was elected as a leader of United Left and Peasants. Nikolaenko participated in 2012 parliamentarian elections and got the third place in electoral district 185 with 16.18% (14 808 popular votes) and thus no seat in the Verkhovna Rada.

## Career outside politics

In 2008 Prof. Nikolaenko obtained a Doctorate Degree in Teacher Education. Since 2009 he has been working as Professor at Higher Education and Law Department of the University of Education Management under the National Academy of Pedagogical Sciences of Ukraine.
In June 2014 Nikolaenko was appointed Acting Rector of the National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine. Former rector Dmytro Melnychyk disagreed with the appointment of Nikolaenko and sought support at Ministry of Agrarian Policy and Food (Ukraine).
# Cicarimanah

6°49′S 108°03′E﻿ / ﻿6.817°S 108.050°E﻿ / -6.817; 108.050
Cicarimanah is a village in Situraja District, Sumedang Regency, West Java Province, Indonesia. The village is located at an altitude of 400 meters above sea level in the region ± 850.35 hectares, and is located west of Pamulihan village, east of Karedok village, south of Cilopang village, and north of Bugel village.

## Administration

Administratively, Cicarimanah is one of 15 villages in the District of Situraja of Sumedang Regency, which is located 6 km northeast of the capital of Situraja District.

## Climate and geography

The mean temperature in Cicarimanah village is 30 °C, and, similar to many villages in Indonesia, experiences a dry and rainy season. The terrain is generally hilly.

## History

Cicarimanah was formed around 1982, originally administered as part of Bugel village in Tomo District. The village was first led by a society figure and village native named Omo Rumaja, who served two terms from 1984–2002. After these office holders resigned, the village was led by Yayat Ruhiyat, also a village native, who also served two terms from 2002–2013. He was succeeded by Ruhatma, who served when Cicarimanah became part of the Situraja District on 1 January 2014.
Village leadership is detailed in the table below:
| No | Name | Tenure of Office | Address |
| 1 | Omo Rumaja | 1984–2002 | Cicarimanah |
| 2 | Yayat Ruhiyat | 2002–2013 | Cicarimanah |
| 3 | Ruhatma | 2013–present | Cicarimanah |
# HMS C8

HMS C8 was one of 38 C-class submarines built for the Royal Navy in the first decade of the 20th century. The boat survived the First World War and was sold for scrap in 1920.

## Design and description

The C class was essentially a repeat of the preceding B class, albeit with better performance underwater. The submarine had a length of 142 feet 3 inches (43.4 m) overall, a beam of 13 feet 7 inches (4.1 m) and a mean draft of 11 feet 6 inches (3.5 m). They displaced 287 long tons (292 t) on the surface and 316 long tons (321 t) submerged. The C-class submarines had a crew of two officers and fourteen ratings.
For surface running, the boats were powered by a single 16-cylinder 600-brake-horsepower (447 kW) Vickers petrol engine that drove one propeller shaft. When submerged the propeller was driven by a 300-horsepower (224 kW) electric motor. They could reach 12 knots (22 km/h; 14 mph) on the surface and 7 knots (13 km/h; 8.1 mph) underwater. On the surface, the C class had a range of 910 nautical miles (1,690 km; 1,050 mi) at 12 knots (22 km/h; 14 mph).
The boats were armed with two 18-inch (45 cm) torpedo tubes in the bow. They could carry a pair of reload torpedoes, but generally did not as they would have to remove an equal weight of fuel in compensation.

## Construction and career

C8 was laid down on 9 December 1905 by Vickers at their Barrow-in-Furness shipyard, launched on 15 February 1907 and completed on 23 May.
In 1910 C8 was part of the Nore Submarine Flotilla. On 16 December 1910 the flotilla, including C8 was leaving Harwich harbour when C8 collided with the tender HMS Elfin, which was carrying sailors back to the depot ship HMS Thames. Elfin sank with the loss of five men. During World War I, the boat was generally used for coastal defence and training. C8 was sold for scrap on 22 October 1920.
# Kosmos 108

Kosmos 108 (Russian: Космос 108 meaning Cosmos 108), also known as DS-U1-G No.1, was a Soviet satellite which was launched in 1966 as part of the Dnepropetrovsk Sputnik programme. It was a 355 kilograms (783 lb) spacecraft, which was built by the Yuzhnoye Design Office and was used to study the effects of solar activity on the upper atmosphere.
A Kosmos 63S1 carrier rocket was used to launch Kosmos 108 into low Earth orbit. The launch took place from Site 86/1 at Kapustin Yar. The launch occurred at 18:00 GMT on 11 February 1966, and resulted in the successfully insertion of the satellite into low Earth orbit. Upon reaching orbit, the satellite was assigned its Kosmos designation, and received the International Designator 1966-011A. The North American Air Defense Command assigned it the catalogue number 02002.
Kosmos 108 was the first of two DS-U1-G satellites to be launched, the other being Kosmos 196 (19 December 1967). It was operated in an orbit with a perigee of 219 kilometres (136 mi), an apogee of 855 kilometres (531 mi), an inclination of 48.9°, and an orbital period of 95.3 minutes. It completed operations on 26 February 1966. On 21 November 1966, it decayed from orbit and reentered the atmosphere.
# Colonia Catriel Airport

Colonia Catriel Airport (IATA: CCT) (Spanish: Aeropuerto de Colonia Catriel) is an airport serving the city of Catriel in the Río Negro Province of Argentina.
# Vrh pri Boštanju

Vrh pri Boštanju (pronounced; German: Werch) is a settlement in the hills southwest of Boštanj in the Municipality of Sevnica in east-central Slovenia. The area is part of the historical region of Lower Carniola. The municipality is now included in the Lower Sava Statistical Region. The settlement includes the hamlets of Dule, Pleček, Gabrnik, Ravne, Topolovec, Grič, Hrib, Dobje, Reviše, Volčje Jame (German: Wolfsgraben), Drče, Okič, Sleme, Drenovec, Straški Hrib, and Lipoglav.

## Name

The name of the settlement was changed from Vrh to Vrh pri Boštanju in 1953. In the past the German name was Werch.

## Mass grave

Vrh pri Boštanju is the site of a mass grave from the period immediately after the Second World War. The Grahovica Mass Grave (Slovene: Grobišče ob Grahovici) is located on a slope west of the Medved farm below a path into the woods, about 50 meters (160 ft) from the house and 50 meters (160 ft) from the road. It contains the remains of a group of Croatian prisoners of war that tried to pass photos to local residents before being taken away and murdered in May 1945.

## Churches

There are two churches in the settlement. Both belongs to the Parish of Boštanj. The pilgrimage church dedicated to the Assumption of Mary is built on top of Topolovec Hill south of Grahovica Creek. It was built in 1734. A second church in the western part of the settlement (the hamlet of Okič) is dedicated to Saint Anne and dates to the 17th century.
# El Vado

El Vado campsite (transl. the Ford on the Anza Trail) in the Borrego Valley, Borrego Springs, California, in San Diego County, is a California Historical Landmark No. 634 listed on March 3, 1958. The El Vado campsite was a desert camp for the Spanish Commander Juan Bautista de Anza and Father Francisco Garcés expedition of 1775 and 1776. The expedition camped for three days and two nights from December 20 to 22, 1775. At the campsite the expedition rested and watered its stock of mules, cattle, and horses.
The expedition passed though the Imperial Valley then though the Colorado Desert, now Anza-Borrego Desert State Park. The expedition's goal was to start Spanish missions in California and presidio forts though Las Californias to San Francisco Bay. The expedition route is now the Juan Bautista de Anza National Historic Trail.
A historical marker is near the campsite in the desert on Horse Camp Road and Borrego Springs Road in Anza-Borrego Desert State Park. The marker was placed there by the California State Parks Commission working with the Kiwanis Club of Borrego Springs.
# MV Anonity

Anonity was an 890 GRT coastal tanker which was built in 1945 for the Ministry of War Transport (MoWT) as Empire Campden. She was sold in 1947 and renamed Anonity. In 1966, she was sold and renamed Petrola II. A further sale in 1969 saw her renamed Kalymnos. She ran aground in April 1970 and was scrapped the following month.

## Description

The ship was built by A& J Inglis Ltd, Glasgow as yard number 1300. She was launched on 30 April 1945 and completed in August 1943.
The ship was 193 feet 0 inches (58.83 m) long, with a beam of 32 feet 0 inches (9.75 m) and a depth of 14 feet 5 inches (4.39 m). Her GRT was 890 and she had a NRT of 379. Her DWT was 900.
She was propelled by a 2-stroke Single Cycle Single Action diesel engine which had four cylinders of 13+3⁄8 inches (34 cm) diameter by 27+7⁄16 inches (69.7 cm) stroke. The engine was built by British Polar Engines Ltd, Glasgow. It could propel her at 9 knots (17 km/h).

## History

Empire Campden was built for the MoWT. She was placed under the management of the Anglo-Saxon Petroleum Co Ltd. Her port of registry was Glasgow. The Code Letters GFFG were allocated. Her Official Number was 169447.
In 1947, Empire Campden was sold to F T Everard & Co Ltd and renamed Anonity. Her port of registry was changed to London. She served with Everard's until 1966 when she was sold to John S Lastis, Greece and renamed Petrola II. In 1969, she was sold to P C Chrissochoides and renamed Kalymnos. Her port of registry was changed to Piraeus. On 12 April 1970, she ran aground off Rhodes and was declared a constructive total loss. Kalymnos was refloated and towed to Piraeus. She was sold on 25 May 1970 to D. Vittiotis & Salmina, Piraeus for scrap.
# Windlust, Wolvega

Windlust (English: "A love of wind") is a smock mill in Wolvega, Friesland, Netherlands which was built in 1884 and is in working order. The mill is listed as a Rijksmonument.

## History

Windlust was built in 1888 on the site of a post mill. A new base was built; the smock having previously stood at Mijdrecht, Utrecht, where the mill was a drainage mill. The work was done by millwright Visser of Heerenveen, Friesland for Wibe Hooisma. On 31 August 1893, the mill was sold to Mhr. Hulscher. The mill was sold to Jan de Jong in 1896. He sold it to Bulsma van der Woude in 1902. The mill was sold to Arie Nijkerk in 1925. It was bought by C A F Oldeberkoop on 1 October 1930. He employed Ebbel Lenstra as miller. A diesel engine was installed in 1937, but it went out of use during World War II due to a lack of available fuel. Oldeberkoop owned the mill until 1943, when it was bought by the Gemeente Westellingwerf. Out of use as a mill, the local fire brigade utilised it for drying their hoses. Following storm damage in 1971, the mill was restored to working order. A replacement pair of millstones was acquired from North Brabant in 1982. Also in that year, a crusher was acquired from a German watermill. Windlust is listed as a Rijksmonument, № 39437.

## Description

Windlust is what the Dutch describe as a "Stellingmolen". It is a smock mill on a brick base. The stage is 9.66 metres (31 ft 8 in) above ground level. The smock and cap are thatched. The mill is winded by tailpole and winch. The sails are Common sails, fitted with the Fok system on their leading edges. They have a span of 27.20 metres (89 ft 3 in). The sails are carried on a cast-iron windshaft, which was cast by the IJzergieterij Weduwe A Sterkman en Zoon, The Hague, South Holland in 1861. The windshaft also carries the brake wheel which has 69 teeth. This drives the wallower (35 teeth) at the top of the upright shaft. At the bottom of the upright shaft is the great spur wheel, which has 120 cogs. The great spur wheel drives a pair of 1.60 metres (5 ft 3 in) diameter Cullen millstones via a lantern pinion stone nut which has 29 staves. A pair of 1.60-metre (5 ft 3 in) French Burr millstones is driven via a lantern pinion stone nut which has 29 staves. It formerly drove a third pair of millstones.

## Millers

The following people have been millers in Windlust:
* Wibe Hooisma (1888–93)
* Mhr. Hulscher (1893–96)
* Jan de Jong (1896-1902)
* Bulsma van de Woude (1902–25)
* Arie Bijkerk (1925–30)
* Ebbel Lenstra (1930–37)

## Public access

Windlust is open to the public on Saturday between 08:00 and 11:30, or by appointment.
# Naghan-e Olya

Naghan-e Olya (Persian: ناغان عليا, also Romanized as Nāghān-e ‘Olyā) is a village in Milas Rural District, in the Central District of Lordegan County, Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 431, in 71 families. The village is populated by Lurs.
# Julius Hoste Jr.

Julius Hoste Jr. (1884–1954) was a Belgian businessman and liberal politician.
He went to highschool at the Koninklijk Atheneum (E: Royal Atheneum) of Brussels. In 1902 he started at the Universite Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), where he obtained a law degree in 1907. Already as a student he had become interested in the Flemish movement, like his father Julius Hoste Sr. While he was a student, he was a member of Geen Taal, Geen Vrijheid, and together with Nico Gunzburg and Frans Van Cauwelaert, he founded the Algemeen Vlaams Studentenbond.

## Career

After Hoste graduated, he worked shortly for the bar, but soon started working for the newspaper company founded by his father, which published newspapers such as Het Laatste Nieuws, De Vlaamsche Gazet van Brussel and De Zweep (a Flemish weekly). In 1909, he cofounded the Liberale Volksbond of the district Brussels. This organization was founded in reaction to the Franskiljonism of the Liberal Party of Brussels. In 1913, he also participated in the foundation of the Liberaal Vlaams Verbond.
During World War I, he lived in the Netherlands. He worked for the newspaper De Vlaamsche Stem until it began German-sponsored activism. In reaction he and Frans Van Cauwelaert founded the newspaper Vrij België. Together they also founded the Vlaams-Belgisch Verbond, and worked on the minimumprogramma (E: minimum-program) to establish linguistic uniformity in Flanders (Dutch) and Wallonia (French), Dutch-language usage in Flanders for education, administration, justice and army. After the war this remained the program for the Vlaams-Belgisch Verbond.
After the war Hoste took over the management of the publishing company, and Het Laatste Nieuws became the most popular newspaper in Flanders. The success of the newspaper stood in strong contrast to the bad results for the liberals in Brussels in the elections of 1920. Julius Hoste would become president of the Algemene Belgische persbond (1935–1936), and secretary of the Verbond der Brusselse dagbladbestuurders (1939).
In 1935 he entered the political scene, and campaigned against the fascist parties Rex and VNV, and in 1936 became Minister of Education in the second government of Paul Van Zeeland. While he was in office, he founded the Koninklijke Vlaamse Academie voor Wetenschappen, Letteren en Schone Kunsten and a Dutch and French cultural council (1938).
During World War II he stayed in Great Britain, where he became the under-secretary for education in the Belgian government in exile. After the war, he helped reestablish the Liberale Volksbond and the Liberaal Vlaams Verbond. In 1947, he was one of the main authors of the Oxford Manifesto on liberalism. In 1949 he was chosen as liberal senator for Brussels, which he remained until his death in 1954. As a politician he paid attention to the problems of the Belgian communities (Flanders and Wallonia) and world peace during the Cold War.

## Sources

* Julius Hoste Jr.
* Harry Van Velthoven, Zwerver in niemandsland, Julius Hoste en zijn Londens oorlogsdagboek, Willemfonds Brussel 1987