OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Brateyevo District

Brateyevo District (Russian: райо́н Брате́ево) is a district of Southern Administrative Okrug of the federal city of Moscow, Russia, located in the southeast of Moscow on the right bank of the Moskva River. Population: 102,600 (2010 Census); 94,644 (2002 Census). The area of the district is 7.63 square kilometers (2.95 sq mi).

## History

Several pagan mounds dated back to ancient settlements have been discovered on the territory of Brateyevo District. The settlement transformed into the prosperous village located on the Brateyevo hill which later gave its name to the district. There are two common versions of origin the name of the village. According to one, the name the toponym "Brateyevo" came from the personal name "Bratey". According to another version, in the 16th century the nearest villages (Borisovo and Besedy) belonged to the Godunov family, while Brateyevo himself was owned by Boris Godunov’s brother (Russian: брат), Semyon.
In 1960 Brateyevo village became administrative part of Moscow. In the 1980s Brateyevo village has been demolished during the construction of the modern district.

## Transportation
### Metro

* Borisovo, opened on December 2, 2011; located in western part of district
* Alma-Atinskaya, opened on December 24, 2012; located in south-eastern part of district
Nearest stations, which are not located in Brateyevo District but accessible using public transportation:
* Maryino
* Kashirskaya
# Lapinje

Lapinje (pronounced; German: Neugereuth or Laubbüchel) is a former village in the Municipality of Kočevje in southern Slovenia. The area is part of the traditional region of Lower Carniola and is now included in the Southeast Slovenia Statistical Region. Its territory is now part of the village of Podlesje.

## History

Lapinje was a Gottschee German village. In feudal times it was part of the Dominion of Poljane. In 1576 it consisted of one full farm and one half-farm. In 1931 there were five houses in the village. The Cankar Brigade of the Partisan forces was founded in Lapinje in 1942; a plaque has been installed at the site to commemorate the event. Together with Verdreng, Zgornji Pokštajn, and Spodnji Pokštajn, it was merged into the settlement of Podlesje in 1955.
# Band-e Bon, Sari

Band-e Bon (Persian: بندبن, also Romanized as Band Bon; also known as Bandīn) is a village in Chahardangeh Rural District, Chahardangeh District, Sari County, Mazandaran Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 114, in 34 families.
# Al-Ma'shar

Al-Ma'shar (Arabic: المعشار) is a sub-district located in Al Makhadir District, Ibb Governorate, Yemen. Al-Ma'shar had a population of 5453 as of 2004.
# Anastasios Papoulas

Anastasios Papoulas (Greek: Αναστάσιος Παπούλας; 1/13 January 1857 – 24 April 1935) was a Greek general, most notable as the Greek commander-in-chief during most of the Greco-Turkish War of 1919–22. Originally a firm royalist, after 1922 he shifted towards the republican Venizelists, and was executed in 1935 for supporting a failed republican coup.

## Life

Born in Missolonghi on 1 January 1857, Anastasios Papoulas enlisted in the Greek Army in 1878. He fought in the Greco-Turkish War of 1897, and later served as head of police of Athens. During the Balkan Wars of 1912–13 he commanded the 10th Infantry Regiment.
After the end of the wars he was assigned to divisional and corps commands, but in 1917 he was dismissed from the Army due to his royalist sympathies during the National Schism. With the electoral victory of the pro-royalist United Opposition in November 1920, he was recalled to active service and appointed commander-in-chief of the Greek forces (the Army of Asia Minor) in Anatolia, replacing Lt. General Leonidas Paraskevopoulos. He commanded the Army of Asia Minor against the Turkish nationalists in the failed Greek offensives of spring 1921 (First Battle of İnönü, Second Battle of İnönü), the Greek summer offensive of 1921 (Battle of Kütahya–Eskişehir and Battle of Sakarya) and the subsequent retreat to the lines captured in the Kütahya–Eskişehir battle.
On 19 May 1922, due to his disagreement with the government on the further prosecution of the war, he was dismissed and retired from active service.
Following the end of the war in 1922, Papoulas became a strong opponent of the monarchy after the establishment of the Second Hellenic Republic as a supporter of the Venizelos government during the late 1920s and the early 1930s. As one of the leaders of a pro-Venizelos coup attempt in March 1935, his failure resulted in his capture and eventual execution for treason on 24 April 1935 in Athens.
# Atrapos

Atrapos (Greek: Ατραπός, before 1926: Κραπέστινα – Krapestina) is a village in Florina Regional Unit, Macedonia, Greece.
In data collected by Greek authorities, in 1911, Krapestina had 400 inhabitants composed of 225 "Bulgarians" and 175 "Greeks", all "Bulgarian speaking". In 1935, authorities stated the village had 92 families, with 66 families having Slavic "morale" (fronima) and 26 families being "foreign speakers" with Greek "morale".
A letter (1935) by Lieutenant Stefos Grigoriou wrote the village was populated by "Bulgarians" and only the priest's family had Greek consciousness with their Greekness described as being "Grade C". In August 1959, villagers partook in a large patriotic language oath ceremony at the local school yard where in the presence of Greek authorities they swore to cease using their Slavic language and to speak only Greek. After the language oath ceremony, villagers continued to use their language and memories of the event lingered in the 1990s.
Atrapos had 160 inhabitants in 1981. In fieldwork done by anthropologist Riki Van Boeschoten in late 1993, Atrapos was populated by Slavophones. The Macedonian language was used by people of all ages, both in public and private settings, and as the main language for interpersonal relationships. Some elderly villagers had little knowledge of Greek.
In fieldwork done by anthropologist Anastasia Karakasidou in 1996, elderly people spoke the local dialect of the Macedonian language and there were a few women who had no knowledge of Greek. The village children spoke Greek among themselves.
# Hellenic Army Supreme Military Support Command

The Supreme Military Support Command (Greek: Ανώτατη Στρατιωτική Διοίκηση Υποστήριξης Στρατού, ΑΣΔΥΣ) is a corps-level military command of the Hellenic Army that provides support for its formations and units.

## Structure

* Base Support Command (ΔΥΒ), based at Athens.
* Support Division (ΜΕΡΥΠ), based at Thessaloniki
* Strategic Transport Unit (Συγκρότημα Στρατηγικών Μεταφορών), based at Assiros, Macedonia
** 4th Support Brigade (4η ΤΑΞΥΠ), based at Xanthi, Thrace
* 651 Army Material Depot (651 ΑΒΥΠ), based at Agios Stefanos, Attica
* Military Factories Command (ΔΙΣΕ), based at Athens, Attica divided in
** 301st Base Factory (301 ΕΒ), based at Agioi Anargyroi, Attica
** 303rd Base Factory (303 ΠΕΒ), based at Larissa, Thessaly
** 304th Base Factory (304 ΠΕΒ), based at Velestino, Thessaly
** 306th Telecommunications Depot Maintenance (306 EBT), based at Acharnes, Attica
** 308th Base Factory (308 ΠΕΒ), based at Thessaloniki, Macedonia
** 700 Military Factory (700 ΣΕ), based at Keratsini, Attica
* 4th Infantry Division, based at Tripoli, Arcadia
** 2/39 Evzone Regiment, based at Messologi.
** 11th Infantry Regiment, based at Tripoli
** Communications Corps Training Centre (ΚΕΔΒ), based at Haidari
** Engineer Corps Training Centre (ΚΕΜΧ), based at Patras
** Supply-Transport Corps Training Centre (ΚΕΕΜ), based at Sparta
** Telecommunications Technicians Training School (ΣΕΤΤΗΛ), based at Pyrgos
* Military hospitals
** 401st Athens Army General Hospital (401 ΓΣΝΑ) at Athens
** 411th Army General Hospital (411 ΓΣΝ)
** 417th Army Pension Fund Hospital (417 ΝΙΜΤΣ)
** 414th Army Special Diseases Hospital (414 ΣΝΕΝ) at Penteli
** 424th Army General Training Hospital (424 ΓΣΝΕ)
# Ringu

Ringu (the Japanese romanization of ring) may refer to:
* Ring (franchise)
* Ring (novel series)
* Ring (Suzuki novel) published in 1991
* Ring (1995 film) the 1995 adaptation of the above novel
* Ring (1998 film) the 1998 adaptation of the above novel
* Ringu Ringu language
# Aubenas Aerodrome

Aubenas Aerodrome or Aubenas Ardèche Méridionale Aerodrome (French: Aérodrome d'Aubenas) (IATA: OBS, ICAO: LFHO) is an airfield in Lanas, a commune in Ardèche, France. It has no scheduled airline service. It is home to the ULM makers Air Création.
# Phaisali district

Phaisali (Thai: ไพศาลี, pronounced) is a district (amphoe) in the eastern part of Nakhon Sawan province, Thailand.

## History

Phaisali or locally well known as Khok Duea, is an ancient city, as proven by Khmer remains in Tambon Samrong Chai. There were also prehistoric burial sites found in Tambon Pho Prasat and Na Khom, contemporary with the famous Ban Chiang.
The district was created as a minor district (king amphoe) on 1 January 1962, with the three tambons Samrong Chai, Khok Duea, and Takhro from Tha Tako district. It was upgraded to a full district on 27 July 1965.

## Geography

Neighboring districts are (from the north clockwise): Nong Bua of Nakhon Sawan Province; Bueng Sam Phan and Wichian Buri of Phetchabun province; Khok Charoen, and Nong Muang of Lopburi province; and Tak Fa and Tha Tako of Nakhon Sawan.

## Administration

The district is divided into eight sub-districts (tambons), which are further subdivided into 101 villages (mubans). Phaisali is a township (thesaban tambon) covering parts of tambons Phaisali and Khok Duea. There are a further eight tambon administrative organizations (TAO).
| No. | Name | Thai name | Villages | Pop. |
| 1. | Khok Duea | โคกเดื่อ | 9 | 7,091 |
| 2. | Samrong Chai | สำโรงชัย | 20 | 11,222 |
| 3. | Wang Nam Lat | วังน้ำลัด | 10 | 8,003 |
| 4. | Takhro | ตะคร้อ | 18 | 11,817 |
| 5. | Pho Prasat | โพธิ์ประสาท | 13 | 6,564 |
| 6. | Wang Khoi | วังข่อย | 11 | 7,783 |
| 7. | Na Khom | นาขอม | 11 | 5,697 |
| 8. | Phaisali | ไพศาลี | 9 | 12,622 |
# Beetlewing

Beetlewing, or beetlewing art, is an ancient craft technique using iridescent beetle wings practiced traditionally in Thailand, Myanmar, India, China and Japan. Notable beetlewing garments include Lady Curzon's peacock dress (1903) and a costume dress worn by the actress Ellen Terry as Lady Macbeth, depicted in the painting Ellen Terry as Lady Macbeth (1889).

## Tradition

It was common in some of the ancient cultures of Asia to attach beetlewing pieces as an adornment to paintings, textiles and jewelry. Different species of metallic wood-boring beetle wings were used depending on the region, but traditionally the most valued were those from beetles belonging to genus Sternocera. Their wings were valued for their beautiful and hardy metallic emerald iridescence. The shiny appearance of beetlewings is long-lasting. They are surprisingly durable if subject to normal non-abusive use.
In Thailand, beetlewings of wood–boring beetles Sternocera spp. (Thai: แมลงทับ), like Sternocera aequisignata, were preferred to decorate clothing (shawls and Sabai cloth) and jewelry in former court circles. The beetles have a short life span of 3 to 4 weeks in their adult stage. To avoid killing the beetles, only those that die of natural causes are collected.
In 19th-century India exquisite masterpieces of embroidered textiles were produced using beetlewing pieces. These cloth items have survived the passage of time without losing their splendor.
In some instances, the beetle wings will retain their natural sparkle, even though the cloth surrounding them may have decayed.
The species of beetle traditionally used in decorative work in Japan is Chrysochroa fulgidissima, known also as Tamamushi.

## Survival

In Thailand this ancient tradition has mostly died out. In Bangkok, rare pieces of crafts and jewelry made with beetlewing are displayed at the Dusit Palace complex of King Chulalongkorn (Rama V), now a museum.
Thanks to the encouragement and support of Queen Sirikit, efforts are being made to preserve this traditional art at the Chitralada Center by supporting artisans who have kept the skill alive. Modern beetlewing work is usually applied on simple items, like earrings and collage work. These are marketed mostly through tourist-oriented shops.
# Dimitrios Arnaoutis

Dimitrios Arnaoutis (Greek: Δημήτριος Αρναούτης; born 28 November 1963) is a Greek professional football manager.
# Berlin Oranienburger Straße station

Berlin Oranienburger Straße (in German Bahnhof Berlin Oranienburger Straße) is a railway station in the city of Berlin, Germany, located on Oranienburger Straße. It is served by the Berlin S-Bahn and local tram lines.

## History

On 27 July 1936 the station was opened as part of the new North-South Tunnel. On 25 April 1945 the S-Bahn ceased operation due to the Soviet invasion, which had reached Berlin on 21 April. Most likely on 2 May 1945 the SS exploded the tunnel ceiling under Landwehrkanal, which caused the subsequent flooding of the tunnel, including Oranienburger Straße station. After drainage and repair the station reopened for traffic on 16 November 1947. During the Uprising of 1953 in East Germany and East Berlin the S-Bahn, operated by the eastern Deutsche Reichsbahn, interrupted traffic between 17 June until 9 July 1953.
From 13 August 1961, the day the Berlin Wall went up, trains did not stop in the station, because it was located in East Berlin, with the operating line, however, connected northern and southern areas of West Berlin. So the Reichsbahn continued the operation of the line, but trains only stopped in those stations with entrances from West Berlin. So Oranienburger Straße was one of East Berlin's ghost stations. After the eastern Reichsbahn handed over operation of the S-Bahn in West Berlin to the latter's public transport operator BVG the S-Bahn line passing the station was abandoned on 9 January 1984. However, protests by West Berlin's users made the BVG reopen the line on 1 May with the trains however only passing. After the downfall of the Wall and still before Berlin's reunification Oranienburger Straße was the first of the ghost stations to be reopened on 2 July 1990.
# Agios Ioannis, Limassol

Agios Ioannis (Greek: Άγιος Ιωάννης) is a village in the Limassol District of Cyprus, located around 30 km north of Limassol.
# VTPP 652 Pax-6

Pax-6, member of the Pax gene class, is responsible for carrying the genetic information that will encode Pax-6 (protein) which dictates the development of the olfactory epithelium, eyes and central nervous system in vertebrates. Pax-6 is expressed as a transcription factor when neural ectoderm receives a combination of weak sonic hedgehog and a strong TGF-Beta signaling gradients. Expression is first seen in the forebrain, hindbrain, head ectoderm and spinal cord followed by later expression in midbrain. Expression in the head ectoderm will give rise to the nasal placodes and to the eye placodes. The nasal placodes will give rise to the olfactory epithelium while eye placodes give rise to the lens and cornea. Expression in the different brain regions is orchestrated with the combinatorial expression of other transcription factors to give rise to the central nervous system. Experiments in mice demonstrate that a deficiency in Pax-6 leads to decrease in brain size, brain structure abnormality leading to Autism, lack of iris formation or a thin cornea. Knockout experiments produced eyeless phenotypes reinforcing the gene's role in eye development. Advancing research in this area may lead us to better understanding of the complexity seen in neural development and maybe one day be able to grow eye tissue in vitro.
References:
* ↑ Callaerts, P.; Halder, G.; Gehring, W. J. (1997-01-01). "PAX-6 in development and evolution". Annual Review of Neuroscience. 20: 483–532. doi:10.1146/annurev.neuro.20.1.483. ISSN 0147-006X. PMID 9056723.
* ↑ Davis, L. K.; Meyer, K. J.; Rudd, D. S.; Librant, A. L.; Epping, E. A.; Sheffield, V. C.; Wassink, T. H. (2008-05-01). "Pax6 3′ deletion results in aniridia, autism and mental retardation". Human Genetics. 123 (4): 371–378. doi:10.1007/s00439-008-0484-x. ISSN 0340-6717. PMC 2719768. PMID 18322702.
# Escobedo v. Illinois

Escobedo v. Illinois, 378 U.S. 478 (1964), is a United States Supreme Court case holding that criminal suspects have a right to counsel during police interrogations under the Sixth Amendment. The case was decided a year after the court had held in Gideon v. Wainwright that indigent criminal defendants have a right to be provided counsel at trial.

## Background

Danny Escobedo's brother-in-law, Manuel Valtierra, was shot and killed on the night of January 19, 1960. Escobedo was arrested without a warrant early the next morning and interrogated. However, Escobedo made no statement to the police and was released that afternoon.
Benedict DiGerlando, who was in custody and considered to be another suspect, later told the police that Escobedo had indeed fired the fatal shots because the victim had mistreated Escobedo's sister. On January 30, the police again arrested Escobedo and his sister, Grace. While transporting them to the police station, the police explained that DiGerlando had implicated Escobedo and urged him and Grace to confess. Escobedo again declined, and he asked to speak to his attorney, but the police refused by explaining that although he was not formally charged yet, he was in custody and could not leave. His attorney went to the police station and repeatedly asked to see his client but was repeatedly refused access.
Police and prosecutors proceeded to interrogate Escobedo for fourteen-and-a-half hours and repeatedly refused his request to speak with his attorney. While being interrogated, Escobedo made statements indicating his knowledge of the crime. After conviction for murder, Escobedo appealed on the basis of being denied the right to counsel.

## Decision

Escobedo appealed to the Illinois Supreme Court, which initially held the confession inadmissible and reversed the conviction. Illinois petitioned for rehearing, and the court then affirmed the conviction. Escobedo appealed to the US Supreme Court, which overturned the conviction in a 5–4 decision. The majority opinion was written by Justice Arthur Goldberg. The ACLU had argued before the Court as amicus curiae in favor of Escobedo.

## Later developments

This holding was later implicitly overruled by Miranda v. Arizona in 1966, where the Supreme Court held that pre-indictment interrogations violate the Fifth Amendment, not the Sixth Amendment. As Escobedo was questioned during a custodial interrogation, the result for him would have been the same.
In the years following the decision, Escobedo received 12 felony convictions, including federal charges of selling drugs. He was also convicted of taking indecent liberties with children. While free on an appeal bond with respect to those charges, Escobedo pleaded guilty to attempted murder and was sentenced to 11 years in prison.
# Chettikulangara

Chettikulangara is a gram panchayat in the Mavelikkara-(6) taluk of the Alappuzha district, state of Kerala, India. Chettikulangara is in "Kayamkulam" legislative assembly (108). It is an area of paddy and sesame fields, and tapioca cultivation. It has many higher secondary schools, a public health center, and a panchayat office. The panchayat is situated on the Mavelikkara-Kayamkulam road. The place is well connected to Kayamkulam, Mavelikkara, Haripad, and other nearby towns.
The Chettikulangara Devi Temple is in Chettikulangara. The Kumbha Bharani festival is conducted during February or March in the temple. The important festivity associated with this utsavam is "Kettu-Kazhcha" which resembles the Chinese festival celebrated on the birthday of Buddha. Kuthiyottam is also another important festivity.
Police Station
* Mavelikara Circle↓
* Erezha N
* Karipuzha
* Kannamangalam North
* Pela
* Kaitha North
* Kayamkulam Circle↓
* Menampally
* Erezha S
* Nadakkav
* kaitha S
* Bhagavathipadi
Hospitals
* VSM Hospital, Thattarambalam
* Shreekandapuram, mavelikara
* Panchayat Hospital, Chettikulangara
Pachayath wards
Post Offices
* Chettikulangara Main (MVK-6)
* Pela (MVK-3)
* Erezha (MVK-6)
* Kariphzha (MVK-3)
* Kannamgalam South (MVK-6)
# 1454 Kyōtoku earthquake and tsunami

The Kanto and Tōhoku regions of Japan were struck by major earthquake at midnight on 23 November 1454, which triggered a large tsunami that led to many deaths. It had an estimated magnitude of about 8.4 M$_w$, based on the extent of observed tsunami deposits.

## Earthquake

The only records of this event come from a set of diaries, known as "Oudai-ki", kept by priests in a temple in present-day Yamanashi Prefecture. The entry for this earthquake just gives the date and time and mentions a major tsunami that drowned many people along the coast of Tohoku.
The magnitude of this earthquake has been estimated using the extent and distribution of tsunami deposits thought to have been formed by the triggered tsunami. A maximum inundation in the range 1.0 to 2.5 km has been inferred from the deposits. Modelling of possible earthquake ruptures gives an estimate of M$_w$  8.4. with a rupture area the same as for the 869 Jōgan earthquake.

## Tsunami

Apart from a brief mention in the priests' diaries the knowledge of the extent of this tsunami comes entirely from the interpretation of tsunami deposits.

### Tsunami deposits

Two sand sheets were found during investigations of "scour ponds", erosional features found along beach ridges formed by tsunamis of major storm events, on the edge of the Sendai Plain. The upper sand sheet correlates with one found elsewhere on the Sendai Plain. In both cases the identified deposits are younger than the Towada ash layer, dated to AD 915. There remains some uncertainty as to the identification of individual deposits, due to the presence of deposits apparently related to the 1611 Sanriku earthquake, as the time gap between the two earthquakes is small compared to the accuracy of the dating method.
Turbidite sands found in core samples in the Japan Trench have also been correlated with the 1454 tsunami.
# Nikaia-Agios Ioannis Renti

Nikaia-Agios Ioannis Renti (Greek: Νίκαια-Άγιος Ιωάννης Ρέντη) is a municipality in the Piraeus regional unit, Attica, Greece. The seat of the municipality is the town Nikaia. The municipality has an area of 11.173 km$^2$.

## Municipality

The municipality Nikaia-Agios Ioannis Renti was formed at the 2011 local government reform by the merger of the following 2 former municipalities, that became municipal units:
* Agios Ioannis Renti
* Nikaia
# Ban Thaen district

Ban Thaen (Thai: บ้านแท่น, pronounced) is the northeasternmost district (amphoe) of Chaiyaphum province, northeastern Thailand.

## History

Tambon Sam Suan, Ban Tao, and Ban Thaen were separated from Phu Khiao District to create Ban Thaen minor district (king amphoe) on 16 June 1965. It was upgraded to a full district on 25 February 1969.

## Geography

Neighboring districts are (from the southwest clockwise): Kaeng Khro and Phu Khiao of Chaiyaphum Province; Nong Ruea and Mancha Khiri of Khon Kaen province.

## Administration

The district is divided into five subdistricts (tambons), which are further subdivided into 66 villages (mubans). The township (thesaban tambon) Ban Thaen covers parts of tambon Ban Thaen. There are a further five tambon administrative organizations (TAO).
| 1. | Ban Thaen | บ้านแท่น |
| 2. | Sam Suan | สามสวน |
| 3. | Sa Phang | สระพัง |
| 4. | Ban Tao | บ้านเต่า |
| 5. | Nong Khu | หนองคู |