OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Nadezhda, Kursk Oblast

Nadezhda (Russian: Надежда) is a rural locality (a khutor) in Soldatsky Selsoviet Rural Settlement, Fatezhsky District, Kursk Oblast, Russia. The population as of 2010 is 1.

## Geography

The khutor is located on the Ruda River (a link tributary of the Usozha in the basin of the Svapa) and its tributary, Nikovets, 92 km from the Russia–Ukraine border, 43 km north-west of Kursk, 13.5 km south-west of the district center – the town Fatezh, 9 km from the selsoviet center – Soldatskoye.

### Climate

Nadezhda has a warm-summer humid continental climate (Dfb in the Köppen climate classification).

## Transport

Nadezhda is located 13 km from the federal route M-2 Crimea Highway as part of the European route E105, 12 km from the road of regional importance 38K-038 (Fatezh – Dmitriyev), 2 km from the road of intermunicipal significance 38Н-679 (38K-038 – Soldatskoye – Shuklino), 1 km from the road 38Н-680 (38N-679 – Alisovo), 30 km from the nearest railway halt 552 km (railway line Navlya – Lgov-Kiyevsky).
The rural locality is situated 47 km from Kursk Vostochny Airport, 160 km from Belgorod International Airport and 242 km from Voronezh Peter the Great Airport.
# Nam Khun district

Nam Khun (Thai: น้ำขุ่น, pronounced) is a district (amphoe) in the southwestern part of Ubon Ratchathani province, northeastern Thailand. The name of the district translates to 'muddy water'.

## History

The area of Nam Khun was originally part of Nam Yuen district. The government created the minor district (king amphoe) on 15 July 1996.
On 15 May 2007, all of 81 minor districts were upgraded to full districts. On 24 August the upgrade became official.

## Geography

The district is bounded in the south by the Dangrek Range.
Neighboring districts are (from the west clockwise) Kantharalak of Sisaket province; Thung Si Udom, Det Udom and Nam Yuen of Ubon Ratchathani; and Preah Vihear of Cambodia.

## Administration

The district is divided into four sub-districts (tambons), which are further subdivided into 49 villages (mubans). There are no municipal (thesaban) areas, and four tambon administrative organizations (TAO).
| No. | Name | Thai name | Villages | Pop. |
| 1. | Ta Kao | ตาเกา | 12 | 8,936 |
| 2. | Phaibun | ไพบูลย์ | 14 | 7,316 |
| 3. | Khilek | ขี้เหล็ก | 13 | 7,840 |
| 4. | Khok Sa-at | โคกสะอาด | 10 | 6,495 |
# History of rail transport in Greece

The history of rail transport in Greece began in 1869, with the construction of the link between Piraeus and Athens with private funding.
The Greek railway network then developed slowly over time, at the initiative of private foreign companies, with the adoption of a four gauge network: 600, 750, 1,000 and 1,435 mm.
Some of the network was inherited as a result of annexation of Greek territory that had been part of the Ottoman Empire.
# Louvri

Louvri (Greek: Λούβρη) is a village and a community of the Voio municipality. Prior to the 2011 local government reform it was part of the municipality of Tsotyli, of which it was a municipal district. At the 2021 census, there were 49 individuals recorded as living in the village.
# West Mani

West Mani (Greek: Δυτική Μάνη, romanized: Dytiki Mani) is a municipality in the Messenia regional unit, Peloponnese, Greece. The seat of the municipality is the town Kardamyli. The municipality has an area of 402.809 km$^2$.
It comprises the northwestern part of the geographic and historical region of the Mani Peninsula, also known as Messenian Mani (Μεσσηνιακή Μάνη) or Outer Mani (Έξω Μάνη), in juxtaposition with the southeastern part of Mani (Laconian Mani or Inner Mani), which is covered by the municipality of East Mani.

## Municipality

The municipality West Mani was formed at the 2011 local government reform by the merger of the following 2 former municipalities, that became municipal units:
* Avia
* Lefktro
# Kosmos 580

Kosmos 580 (Russian: Космос 580 meaning Cosmos 580), known before launch as DS-P1-Yu No.59, was a Soviet satellite which was launched in 1973 as part of the Dnepropetrovsk Sputnik programme. It was a 400-kilogram (880 lb) spacecraft, which was built by the Yuzhnoye Design Bureau, and was used as a radar calibration target for anti-ballistic missile tests.

## Launch

Kosmos 580 was successfully launched into low Earth orbit at 11:24:55 UTC on 22 August 1973. The launch took place from Site 133/1 at the Plesetsk Cosmodrome, and used a Kosmos-2I 63SM carrier rocket.

## Orbit

Upon reaching orbit, the satellite was assigned its Kosmos designation, and received the International Designator 1973-057A. The North American Aerospace Defense Command assigned it the catalogue number 06793.
Kosmos 580 was the sixty-fourth of seventy nine DS-P1-Yu satellites to be launched, and the fifty-eighth of seventy two to successfully reach orbit. It was operated in an orbit with a perigee of 268 kilometres (167 mi), an apogee of 472 kilometres (293 mi), 71 degrees of inclination, and an orbital period of 91.9 minutes. It remained in orbit until it decayed and reentered the atmosphere on 1 April 1974.
# Gora, Vasilyevskoye Rural Settlement, Vashkinsky District, Vologda Oblast

Gora (Russian: Гора) is a rural locality (a village) in Vasilyevskoye Rural Settlement, Vashkinsky District, Vologda Oblast, Russia. The population was 2 as of 2002.

## Geography

The distance to Lipin Bor is 11 km, to Vasilyevskaya is 8 km. Levinskaya is the nearest rural locality.
# Beech Mountain (disambiguation)

Beech Mountain may refer to:

## Geologic formations

* Beech Mountain (New York), a mountain in the Catskills region, New York.
* Beech Mountain (North Carolina), a mountain in northwestern North Carolina.

## Places
### United States

* Beech Mountain, North Carolina, a town in northwestern North Carolina.
* Beech Mountain Lakes, Pennsylvania, a census-designated place in Luzerne County.
# Pyrga, Famagusta

Pyrga (Greek: Πυργά, Turkish: Pirhan) is a village in the Famagusta District of Cyprus, located 22 west of Famagusta on the main Nicosia-Famagusta highway. It is under the de facto control of Northern Cyprus. Today most of the village is used by the Turkish military as a military base.
# Juan Molina (cyclist)

Juan Molina (born 14 June 1948) is a former Salvadoran cyclist. He competed in the individual road race and the team time trial events at the 1968 Summer Olympics.
# Little Big Girl (film)

Little Big Girl (Danish: Ulvepigen Tinke) is a 2002 Danish children's film directed by Morten Køhlert based on the book Hungerbarnet by Cecil Bødker.
# Ban Kluay railway station

Ban Kluay station (Thai: สถานีบ้านกล้วย) is a railway station located in Tha Rap Subdistrict, Ratchaburi City, Ratchaburi. It is a class 3 railway station located 94.64 km (58.8 mi) from Thon Buri railway station.
# Antonova, Kudymkarsky District, Perm Krai

Antonova (Russian: Антонова) is a rural locality (a village) in Verkh-Invenskoye Rural Settlement, Kudymkarsky District, Perm Krai, Russia. The population was 19 as of 2010. There is 1 street.

## Geography

Antonova is located 33 km southwest of Kudymkar (the district's administrative centre) by road. Koshtanova is the nearest rural locality.
# Léonard Aggoune

Léonard Aggoune (born 18 December 1997) is a French professional footballer who plays as a goalkeeper for Algerian Ligue Professionnelle 1 club MC Oran.

## Career

Developed in Paris Saint-Germain Youth Academy, Aggoune was part of club's reserve side during 2015–16 and 2016–17 seasons. His playing minutes were however limited as Rémy Descamps was the team's first-choice goalkeeper. Aggoune was also part of club's under-19 team which reached final of 2015–16 UEFA Youth League.
Aggoune signed for Cypriot club Pafos prior to 2017–18 season. He made his professional debut on 21 April 2018 in a 1–0 win against Ermis Aradippou. He signed for Championnat National 2 club Créteil in August 2018. After spending two seasons at Les Ulis, Aggoune returned to Créteil in July 2021.
# Lisa Chen

Lisa Hsiao Chen is a Taiwanese-born American writer, based in Brooklyn, most famous for the widely reviewed autofiction Activities of Daily Living.

## Biography

Chen was born in Taipei, Taiwan. She earned her B.A. from the University of California, Berkeley, and her M.F.A. from the University of Iowa. Chen's debut poetry collection, Mouth, was published through Kaya Press in 2007. In an interview with Writer's Bone, Chen said she garnered inspiration for her collection from her email spam folder, ads, news items, conversation, and Hokusai's 100 Views of Mount Fuji, among other influences.
She has held residencies at the Lower Manhattan Cultural Council’s Workspace Program and Blue Mountain Center, and was a NYSCA/NYFA Artist Fellowship Finalist in Nonfiction Literature in 2017 and a Center for Fiction Emerging Writers Fellow from 2015 to 2016. She received a 2018 Rona Jaffe Foundation Writers' Award.
In an interview with the Sonora Review, Chen said she is interested in written forms "animated by what Viktor Shklovsky called ostranenie, or 'making strange'—sometimes translated as 'estrangement' or 'defamiliarization.'"

## Awards and honors

In 2009, Mouth won the Book Award for Poetry from the Association for Asian American Studies.
Activities of Daily Living was longlisted for the inaugural Carol Shields Prize for Fiction in 2023.
# Guatemalan Democratic Vanguard

Guatemalan Democratic Vanguard (Spanish: Vanguardia Democrática Guatemalteca) was a left-wing group in Guatemala. The VDG was founded on 28 September 1947 by a faction of the Revolutionary Action Party (PAR). The leader of the VDG was José Manuel Fortuny. The group had Marxist inspiration, and operated a semi-clandestine fashion. It supported urban and rural labour movements.
In 1949, the VDG broke with the PAR and constituted the Communist Party of Guatemala (PCG).
# Mazus pumilus

Mazus pumilus, commonly called Japanese mazus, is a species of flowering plant in the Mazaceae family. It is native to south and east Asia, where it is found in Bhutan, China, India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Indonesia, Japan, Korea, Nepal, New Guinea, the Philippines, Russia, Taiwan, Thailand, and Vietnam. It is an invasive species in North America.
Its natural habitat is wet grasslands, streambanks, and trailsides. It is tolerant of disturbance, and can be found in areas such as cultivated fields, sidewalk cracks, and waste ground. It is a very common species in Japan.
It is an upright annual growing to 30 cm tall. Its flowers are purple and white with yellow spots on the throat. Flowers are produced throughout the growing season.
# Worawut Saengampa

Worawut Saengampa (Thai: วรวุฒิ แสงอำภา; born 23 December 1992) is a Thai boccia player who represented Thailand at the 2016 and 2020 Summer Paralympics. He, along with his three teammates, won a gold medal in Boccia in the Mixed Team BC1–2 event. He also won another silver medal in the individual event.
# Khong district, Nakhon Ratchasima

Khong (Thai: คง, pronounced) is a district (amphoe) in the northern part of Nakhon Ratchasima province, northeastern Thailand.

## History

The name of the district originates from the founding legend of its main settlement. A hunter named Khong was the pioneer of the town. He invited people to settle the new town in this fertile land. The people named the town Mueang Khong. Later the government removed Mueang from the district name to prevent confusion with Amphoe Mueang.
The area became a sub-district (king amphoe) of Bua Yai district in 1938. It was upgraded to a full district in 1947.

## Geography

Neighbouring districts are (from the north clockwise): Ban Lueam, Bua Yai, Non Daeng, Phimai, Non Sung, Kham Sakaesaeng, and Phra Thong Kham district of Nakhon Ratchasima Province, and Noen Sa-nga of Chaiyaphum province.

## Administration

The district is divided into 10 sub-districts (tambons). There are two townships (thesaban tambons), Mueang Khong and Thephalai, each covering part of the same-named tambon.
| 1. | Mueang Khong | เมืองคง |
| 2. | Khu Khat | คูขาด |
| 3. | Thephalai | เทพาลัย |
| 4. | Ta Chan | ตาจั่น |
| 5. | Ban Prang | บ้านปรางค์ |
| 6. | Nong Manao | หนองมะนาว |
| 7. | Nong Bua | หนองบัว |
| 8. | Non Teng | โนนเต็ง |
| 9. | Don Yai | ดอนใหญ่ |
| 10. | Kham Sombun | ขามสมบูรณ์ |
# Kosmos 408

Kosmos 408 (Russian: Космос 408 meaning Cosmos 408), known before launch as DS-P1-Yu No.37, was a Soviet satellite which was launched in 1971 as part of the Dnepropetrovsk Sputnik programme. It was a 250-kilogram (550 lb) spacecraft, which was built by the Yuzhnoye Design Bureau, and was used as a radar calibration target for anti-ballistic missile tests.

## Launch

Kosmos 408 was successfully launched into low Earth orbit on 24 April 1971, with the rocket lifting off at 11:15:02 UTC. The launch took place from Site 133/1 at the Plesetsk Cosmodrome, and used a Kosmos-2I 63SM carrier rocket.

## Orbit

Upon reaching orbit, it was assigned its Kosmos designation, and received the International Designator 1971-037A.
Kosmos 408 was the forty-first of seventy nine DS-P1-Yu satellites to be launched, and the thirty-seventh of seventy two to successfully reach orbit. It was operated in an orbit with a perigee of 197 kilometres (122 mi), an apogee of 1,383 kilometres (859 mi), 81.8 degrees of inclination, and an orbital period of 100.66 minutes. It remained in orbit until it decayed and reentered the atmosphere on 29 December 1971.
# Kuntsevo District

Kúntsevo (Russian: Ку́нцево) is a district in Western Administrative Okrug of the federal city of Moscow, Russia. Population: 142,497 (2010 Census); 125,100 (2002 Census).

## History

In the 18th century, a palace and a park were built; they were often visited by the Empress Catherine II. Kuntsevo is the site of the Church of Theotokos Orans. In the 19th century, Kuntsevo became a summer resort for the Muscovites. A summer theater was opened in 1890. Artists and writers lived and worked in Kuntsevo; among them Nikolay Karamzin, Ivan Turgenev, Vasily Perov, and Ivan Kramskoy.
Kuntsevo became a town in its own right in 1926. In 1960, it became a part of Moscow. Now a district of Moscow, it contains many factories, residential areas, and has a well-connected infrastructure. Kuntsevo is reported to be the location of the Strategic Missile Command center.

## Transport

The district has two metro stations: Molodyozhnaya on the Arbatsko-Pokrovskaya Line and Kuntsevskaya on the Arbatsko-Pokrovskaya and the Filevskaya Line. Strogino metro station in neighboring Strogino District serves parts of the Myakinino area of the Kuntsevo district.
The Myakinino area is also served by bus number 638 that goes from to Shchukinskaya metro station via Strogino. From Rublevo buses:
* 127 Rublevo – Kotsyubyns'kogo Street (to Molodyozhnaya metro station)
* 129 Myakinino – Carpool General Staff (to Krylatskoye metro station )
* 626 3rd district Strogina – Molodyozhnaya metro station
Part of the southern boundary of the district is the Moscow to Smolensk Main Line main railway toward Belarus. Commuter stations on this line connect with the Belorussky railway station in Moscow. Heading west on the mainline, commuter trains go to Golitsyno, Moscow Oblast, Kubinka and Mozhaysk. The branch line to Usovo and the freight-only line to Rublevo leave the mainline in Kuntsevo district at Rabochiy Posolok.

## Kuntsevo Dacha

Soviet leaders started to settle in Kuntsevo in the 1920s. Joseph Stalin instructed his architect, Miron Merzhanov, to build him a dacha on the bank of the Moskva River and moved there in 1934. With his move other members of the Soviet elite had their dachas built in the surroundings. Stalin conducted much of his business from his Blizhnyaya Dacha (Ближняя дача) ("nearby dacha"). It was heavily protected and included a double-perimeter fence, camouflaged 30-millimeter antiaircraft guns, and a security force of three hundred NKVD special troops. Stalin died at the dacha on March 5, 1953.
# Archanes-Asterousia

Archanes–Asterousia (Greek: Αρχάνες-Αστερούσια) is a municipality in Heraklion regional unit, Crete, Greece. The seat of the municipality is the village Peza. The municipality has an area of 337,137 square kilometres (130,169 sq mi).

## Municipality

The municipality Archanes–Asterousia was formed at the 2011 local government reform by the merger of the following 3 former municipalities, that became municipal units:
* Archanes
* Asterousia
* Nikos Kazantzakis
# Volimes

Volimes, (Greek: Βολίμες) is a village and a local community in the mountainous northwestern part of the island of Zakynthos. It was the seat of the municipality of Elatia. The community includes the villages Agios Nikolaos, Askos, Varvara, Elies, Korithi and the uninhabited islet Agios Andreas. Volimes is located 1 km west of Ano Volimes, 3 km north of Anafonitria and 23 km northwest of Zakynthos (city). It is close to the Ionian Sea coast, and 7 km southwest of the island's northernmost point Cape Skinari. The village suffered great damage from the 1953 Ionian earthquake.

## Population

| Year | Settlement population | Community population |
| 1981 | 702 | - |
| 1991 | 517 | - |
| 2001 | 644 | 956 |
| 2011 | 406 | 571 |
| 2021 | 392 | 534 |
# Berlin-Friedenau station

Berlin-Friedenau is a railway station in Berlin, Germany. Though it is named after the nearby Friedenau locality, the station officially is located in the southern area of the Schöneberg district. It was opened in 1891 with the Wannseebahn rapid transit railway. Today it is served by the S1 line of the Berlin S-Bahn.
# Nikephoros Komnenos

Nikephoros Komnenos (Greek: Νικηφόρος Κομνηνός, Nikēphoros Komnēnos; c. 970 – after 1026/7) was a Byzantine military leader under the emperors Basil II (r. 976–1025) and Constantine VIII (r. 1025–1028). He served as governor of the Armenian region of Vaspurakan, and is one of the first known members of the Komnenos family, which came to rule the Byzantine Empire in 1081–1185.

## Biography

Nikephoros Komnenos is one of the first documented members of the Komnenos family, but nothing is known of his early life or his connection to the main branch of the family, which eventually gave rise to the imperial dynasty. The Greek scholar Konstantinos Varzos suggested that he was born c. 970, and that he was the younger brother of the Komnenian dynasty's patriarch, Manuel Erotikos Komnenos, but neither assumption can be verified.
Nikephoros is first mentioned in the historical record in c. 1022, shortly after the King of Vaspurakan, Senekerim-Hovhannes (r. 1003–1021), unable to resist the pressure of his Muslim neighbours, surrendered his kingdom to the Byzantine emperor Basil II in exchange for large estates and the governorship of the theme of Sebasteia. Basil II initially gave the new province (Ἀσπρακανία, Asprakania, in Greek) to Basil Argyros, but was forced to replace him soon after due to his ineptitude. The protospatharios Nikephoros Komnenos was chosen to succeed Basil Argyros as governor (strategos or katepano), and swiftly managed to enforce Byzantine rule over the country. The contemporary Armenian historian Aristakes Lastivertsi records that Nikephoros captured the principality of Arzes on the northern shore of Lake Van, and incorporated it into his province, although according to the narrative of the likewise contemporary Arab Christian historian Yahya of Antioch, the feat was carried out by Emperor Basil himself.
Nikephoros Komnenos continued to serve as strategos of Vaspurakan under Basil II's brother and successor, Constantine VIII, but in 1026 he was dismissed on suspicion of disloyalty and recalled to Constantinople, where he was blinded. Two different versions are provided by the historical record on the background to his recall: the Byzantine chronicler John Skylitzes reports that he insisted on a written pledge of support from his troops, intended to be used against the neighbouring Turkish rulers, but which was interpreted by Constantine as an attempt to create a force personally loyal to him. While Skylitzes declares the accusation baseless and puts the blame on the over-suspicious Constantine, Aristakes claims that Nikephoros was indeed engaged in treasonous talks with King George I of Georgia (r. 1014–1027), aiming to either declare himself emperor, or make Vaspurakan an independent kingdom. When the troops of Cappadocia found out about it, however, they captured Nikephoros and sent him as a prisoner to Constantinople, where Constantine VIII, after carefully examining the affair and convincing himself of Nikephoros' guilt, had him and eight of his companions blinded in the next year.
His fate after that, the date of his death, as well as the existence of any descendants, are unknown.
# The Blockade Runners

"The Blockade Runners" (French: Les forceurs de blocus) is an 1865 novella by Jules Verne. In 1871 it was published in single volume together with novel A Floating City as a part of the Voyages Extraordinaires series (The Extraordinary Voyages). An English translation was published in 1874.

## Plot introduction

The American Civil War plot centers on the exploits of a British merchant captain named James Playfair who must break the Union blockade of Charleston harbor in South Carolina to trade supplies for cotton and, later in the book, to rescue Halliburtt, the abolitionist journalist father of a young girl held prisoner (the father, not the girl) by the Confederates. Verne's tale was inspired by reality as many ships were actually lost while acting as blockade runners in and around Charleston in the early 1860s.

## Adaptations

The book was produced as a radio play of the same name in 2006.
# Chalastra

Chalastra (Greek: Χαλάστρα) is a town and former municipality in the Thessaloniki regional unit, Greece. Before 1926, it was known as Κουλουκιά - Kouloukia (Bulgarian: Кулакия - Kulakiya). It was renamed to Chalastra in 1926, to Πύργος - Pyrgos in 1955 and back to Chalastra in 1980. Since the local government reform of 2011 it has been part of the municipality Delta, of which it is a municipal unit. The town is located 20 km west from the city of Thessaloniki, on the north side of Greek National Road 1, near the Axios river and the Thermaic Gulf. The municipal unit of Chalastra consists of the two communities of Chalastra itself and Anatoliko. The population was 9,066 inhabitants according to the 2021 census, most of them working in agriculture and small industry. The municipal unit Chalastra has an area of 121.415 km$^2$, and the community Chalastra has an area of 98.449 km$^2$.

## History

Chalastra (Ancient Greek: Χαλάστρα, Strabo vii.; Χαλέστρη, Herod. vii. 123; Χαλαίστρα, Plut. Alex. 49; Plin. iv. 10. § 17, xxxi. 10. § 46) was known as a town of Mygdonia in ancient Macedonia, situated on the Thermaikos gulf at the mouth of the Axios river, which belonged to the Thracians and possessed a harbor. A large part of the population was absorbed in Thessaloniki when it was founded by Cassander.
The site of the ancient town is tentatively placed at Anchialos at 40°37′52″N 22°43′47″E﻿ / ﻿40.631151°N 22.729683°E﻿ / 40.631151; 22.729683.
During the Byzantine Middle Ages, the name of the area was "Campania".
In the 19th century it was inhabited by a mixed Bulgarian and Greek-speaking population.
# Michael Palaiologos (son of Andronikos III)

Michael Palaiologos (Greek: Μιχαήλ Παλαιολόγος; born 1337) was the second son of Byzantine emperor Andronikos III Palaiologos (reigned 1328–1341).
Little is known of Michael's life. He was born in 1337, during his father's reign, and was hence styled a porphyrogennetos. Sometime before Andronikos III's death in 1341, Michael was raised to the supreme court rank of Despot. In 1351/52, when his elder brother, Emperor John V Palaiologos (r. 1341–1391), was engaged in a struggle for the throne with Matthew Kantakouzenos, John V, who sought aid from the Serbian Emperor Stephen Dushan (r. 1331–1355), sent him as a hostage to the Serbian court. Nothing further is heard of him.