OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Danish Maritime Safety Administration

The Danish Maritime Safety Administration (DaMSA) (Danish: Farvandsvæsenet) was a department of the Danish Ministry of Defence with administration located in Christianshavn, Copenhagen. DaMSA operated throughout Denmark as part of the Danish Search and Rescue (SAR) organization that runs 21 rescue stations located along the coasts of Denmark.
Responsibilities of DaMSA included authorizing navigation systems and buoyage, resolving issues concerning wrecks and their salvage in Danish waters, and running the Danish Pilotage Service (Lodsvæsenet). DaMSA was the Centre for Operational Oceanography, which collects hydrographical and oceanographic data from all national waters, and makes charts and maps for use by the Military of Denmark and civilians. DaMSA was a full member of the North West Shelf Operational Oceanographic System.

## History

On 1 April 1973 Farvandsdirektoratet was established by merging the following organizations: Danish Lighthouse Service (Fyrvæsenet), Danish Pilotage Service (Lodsvæsenet), Danish Rescue Service (Redningsvæsenet) and the Royal Danish Nautical charts archive (Det Kongelige danske Søkortarkiv).
During the late 1970s and 1980s, the name Farvandsdirektoratet was changed to Farvandsvæsenet. Farvandsdirektoratet remained a used and accepted name.
In 1987 the Royal Danish Nautical charts archive was detached for merger with the National Survey and Cadastre of Denmark. All of these services have a long history on their own, reaching back to 1560.
On 1 April 2008 Farvandsvæsenet changed its English name from Royal Danish Administration of Navigation and Hydrography (RDANH) to Danish Maritime Safety Administration (DaMSA).

## Buildings

Farvandsvaesenet occupied the buildings named Søkvæsthuset and Bakkehuset. Bakkehuset is known for housing the Danish poet Johan Ludvig Heiberg.

## Mission and tasks

The mission of the Danish Maritime Safety Administration was to assure the safety of navigation at sea in Danish, Faroese and Greenlandic waters. DaMSA achieved this mission through execution of the following tasks: Exercise jurisdiction and issue nautical publications; Provide aids to navigation; Provide coastal rescue; Provide pilotage; Conduct hydrographical surveys and provide oceanographic information.
DaMSA was a member of the SeaDataNet European Directory of Marine Organizations, providing bathymetric measurements in Danish and Greenlandic waters. Five surveying ships are present working in Danish waters, all equipped with a shallow water multibeam system. Two surveying ships (one with multibeam) are stationed in Greenland with working area on the west coast.

## Abolition

The Maritime Safety Administration was abolished by royal decree of 3 October 2011. Its tasks were redistributed: pilotage service and maritime buoyage were transferred to the Ministry of Economic and Business Affairs, oceanography was transferred to the Ministry of Climate and Energy and hydrographic surveying was transferred to the Ministry of Environment.
# Real Property Act 1845

The Real Property Act 1845 (8 & 9 Vict. c. 106) was an act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom, which regulated the transfer of land by sale.

## Content

Section 3 of the act stated that "a lease required by law to be in writing ... shall be void at law unless also made by deed".
Section 5 reversed a common law rule that a person could not take an immediate interest in land unless named in an indenture under seal.
Section 6 stated that contingent interests were entirely alienable.

## Conveyance of Real Property Act 1845

The Act 8 & 9 Vict. c. 119, sometimes called the Conveyance of Real Property Act 1845, was an act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom.
# Muthassi (novel)

Muthassi is a historical Malayalam novel written by Cherukad, published in 1957. The novel describes the social and cultural backgrounds of Malayalis from the period from 1930 to 1950. It explains about the life of teachers, the harassments they had to face by the managers, it describes the unjust actions and orders the managers forcefully imposed on their dependent teachers. The story uses the colloquial language which was used by the people in the villages so that the novel is presented in a natural way.
The narration is made by the heroine Nani, she is a bold and a very strong character in the story. The novel is explained as Nani's point of view. Still, the title is dedicated for her grandmother. Nani's grandmother is yet another powerful character in the story. She represents a typical old generation woman, strictly holding ethics and certain orthodox conventions. But Nani struggles with her grandmother for moving on with the pace of the contemporary society, the situation symbolically illustrates the struggle made by the new generation ideas with the old generation concepts and finally the conventional concepts being replaced by the most modern ideas.
Nani is an educated woman who worked as a teacher. She worked in the teachers' union and made many developments in the field of education. However, some political issues made her jobless. She was attracted towards the socialist ideas which were spreading fast in many places of India at the time of independence. The main reason for her dismissal was her strong belief on socialist ideas and because of the support she offered for the Communist Party. Her brother, husband and many dearer and nearer peoples worked hard for promoting socialistic ideas and were sent to jail. Gradually, her grandmother was also interested in such democratic concepts and she finally accepted that socialism is the best way to implement the righteousness and social equality of all class of people. Grandma firmly believed in communism and in a particular point of the story, she was even sent to jail. But the extraordinary boldness of the heroine made her strong enough to endure all such hardships.
# 1862 in Mexico

Events in the year 1862 in Mexico.

## Incumbents
### President and Cabinet

* President: Benito Juárez
* Interior Secretary (SEGOB): Jesus Teran then Manuel Doblado

### Governors

* Aguascalientes: José Ma. Chávez Alonso
* Campeche: Pablo García Montilla
* Chiapas: Juan Clímaco Corzo/José Gabriel Esquinca
* Chihuahua:
* Coahuila: Santiago Vidaurri
* Colima: Urbano Gómez/Salvador Brihuega/Manuel F. Toro/Florencio Villareal/Manuel F. Toro/Julio Garcia/Ramón R. De la Vega
* Durango:
* Guanajuato:
* Guerrero:
* Jalisco: Ignacio Luis Vallarta/Pedro Ogazón/Manuel Doblado/Jesús López Portillo
* State of Mexico:
* Michoacán:
* Nuevo León: Santiago Vidaurri
* Oaxaca:
* Puebla:
* Querétaro: Zeferino Macías/Zeferino Macías/Ignacio Echegaray/José Linares/José María Arteaga
* San Luis Potosí:
* Sinaloa:
* Sonora:
* Tabasco:
* Tamaulipas: Jesús de la Serna/Ignacio Comonfort/Albino López/Juan B. Troconis
* Veracruz: Ignacio de la Llave y Segura Zevallos
* Yucatán:
* Zacatecas:

## Events

* April 19 – Battle of Fortín
* April 28 – Battle of Las Cumbres
* May 4 – Battle of Atlixco
* May 5 – Battle of Puebla
* May 18 – Battle of Barranca Seca
* June 13 – Battle of Cerro del Borrego.

## Deaths

* March 23 – Manuel Robles Pezuela
* September 8 – Ignacio Zaragoza
# Voltaic Democratic Party

The Voltaic Democratic Party–African Democratic Rally (French: Parti Démocratique Voltaïque–Rassemblement Démocratique Africain, PDV-RDA) was a political party in French Upper Volta.

## History

The party was established as the Upper Voltan branch of the African Democratic Rally in 1946 by Djibril Vinama and Ali Barraud, supported by Daniel Ouezzin Coulibaly. It drew its support from young, educated residents of the western area of the territory who opposed the powers of the traditional chiefs.
In the Territorial Assembly elections in 1952 the party finished third to the Voltaic Union and the Rally of the French People.
In 1956 the party merged with the Social Party for the Emancipation of the African Masses to form the Unified Democratic Party.
# Life or Death

Life or Death may refer to:

## Books

* Life or Death, novel by the Kazakh author Gabiden Mustafin 1941
* Life or Death, novel by the Bulgarian author Dimiter Angelov
* Life or Death (novel), a novel by Michael Robotham 2014

## Film

* Life or Death (film), a 1955 Egyptian film
* Life or Death (Bulgarian film) (bg:На живот и смърт) 1974 Bulgarian film based on Angelov's novel

## Music

* Life or Death (C-Murder album), 1998
* Life or Death (Lili Añel album), 2008
# Santa Maria Maggiore, Piedmont

Santa Maria Maggiore (Ossolano: Santa Marìa) is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Verbano-Cusio-Ossola in the Italian region Piedmont, in Valle Vigezzo, located about 130 kilometres (81 mi) northeast of Turin and about 25 kilometres (16 mi) north of Verbania, on the border with Switzerland. As of 31 December 2004, it had a population of 1,236 and an area of 53.2 square kilometres (20.5 sq mi).
Santa Maria Maggiore borders the following municipalities: Campo (Vallemaggia) (Switzerland), Craveggia, Druogno, Malesco, Masera, Montecrestese, Toceno, Trontano, Vergeletto (Switzerland).
Santa Maria Maggiore is located on the narrow gauge Domodossola–Locarno railway, also known as the Vigezzo railway (Italian: Vigezzina) which negotiates the rugged Italian Alps terrain between Domodossola, Italy, on the east and Locarno, Switzerland, on the west. It also passes through the villages of Intragna, and Malesco.
# Hyposmocoma trilunella

Hyposmocoma trilunella is a species of moth of the family Cosmopterigidae. It was first described by Lord Walsingham in 1907. It is endemic to the Hawaiian island of Maui. The type locality is Haleakalā, where it was collected at an elevation of 5,000 feet (1,500 m).
# 2012–13 VCU Rams men's tennis team

The 2012–13 VCU Rams men's tennis team represented Virginia Commonwealth University during the 2012–13 NCAA Division I men's tennis season. It was the Rams' first season playing in the Atlantic 10 Conference.

## Schedule
### 2013 team season

| Round | Date | ITA Rank | Opponent | Venue | Result | Conf. | Overall | Notes |
| 1 | 01/18/13 | #31 | Campbell | Thalhimer Center | W 4–0 | — | 1–0 | |
| 2 | 01/18/13 | #31 | Georgetown | Thalhimer Center | W 5–0 | — | 2–0 | |
| 3 | 01/20/13 | #31 | Richmond | Thalhimer Center | W 5–0 | 1–0 | 3–0 | |
| 4 | 01/20/13 | #31 | James Madison | Thalhimer Center | W 4–1 | — | 4–0 | |
| 5 | 01/25/13 | #32 | vs. #35 Minnesota | Athens, GA | W 5–2 | — | 5–0 | ITA Kickoff |
| 6 | 01/26/13 | #32 | @ #6 Georgia | Athens, GA | L 1–5 | — | 5–1 | ITA Kickoff |
| 7 | 02/01/13 | #31 | #64 North Florida | Thalhimer Center | W 5–2 | — | 6–1 | |
| 8 | 02/09/13 | #30 | vs. #45 Drake | Lincoln, NE | | — | — | Nebraska Tournament |
| 9 | 02/10/13 | #30 | @ #74 Nebraska | Lincoln, NE | | — | — | Nebraska Tournament |
| 10 | 02/15/13 | #30 | Michigan State | Thalhimer Center | | — | — | |
| 11 | 02/16/13 | #30 | NC State | Thalhimer Center | | — | — | |
| 12 | 02/23/13 | | Penn State | Thalhimer Center | | — | — | |
| 13 | 02/24/13 | | South Carolina | Thalhimer Center | | — | — | |
# Qeshlaq-e Aqa Gureh

Qeshlaq-e Aqa Gureh (Persian: قشلاق آقاگوره, also Romanized as Qeshlāq-e Āqā Gūreh; also known as Qeshlāq) is a village in Khvor Khvoreh Rural District, Ziviyeh District, Saqqez County, Kurdistan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 410, in 64 families. The village is populated by Kurds.
# Vargachgeh-ye Zeyyed Ali

Vargachgeh-ye Zeyyed Ali (Persian: ورگچگه زيد علي, also Romanized as Vargachgeh-ye Zeyyed ʿAlī; also known as Vargachlekeh) is a village in Jalalvand Rural District, Firuzabad District, Kermanshah County, Kermanshah Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 21, in 5 families.
# Gedung Agung

The Gedung Agung (English: The Great Building; Javanese: ꦒꦼꦝꦺꦴꦁꦄꦒꦼꦁ, romanized: Gedhong Ageng) is one of seven presidential palaces of Indonesia, it is located in the city of Yogyakarta. The palace complex covers an area of approximately 4.4 hectares. It is located in front of Fort Vredeburg.

## History

It was initially built in 1824 on an estate owned by the 18th Dutch resident of Yogyakarta, Anthonie Hendriks Smissaert. The first building was designed by an architect named A. Payen, with typical Indies tropical architecture design. The construction of the building was delayed by the ongoing Java War, a rebellion led by Prince Diponegoro and was only completed in 1832.
An earthquake shook and toppled the first palace on 10 June 1867 and the building was initially rebuilt in 1869. The status of Yogyakarta was changed from Resident to a province on 19 December 1927, thus the building changed its purpose as the governor's office.
During the struggle for Independence, the capital city of Jakarta was occupied by Allied forces and the government was moved to Yogyakarta on 6 January 1946. The palace became the residence of president Sukarno between 1946 and 1949, until the government was moved back to Jakarta on 28 December 1949.
After Suharto's became the 2nd president of Indonesia, the palace was made a venue for afternoon parade on every 17 August to commemorate Indonesia's independence. Later in 1991 the building is used to celebrate every moment of seconds of the declaration of the independence.

## Feature

On the yard of the building stands two guardian statues of Dwarapala with heights of 2 meters (6.6 ft) and an obelisk made of andesite named Tugu Dagoba (Dagoba Monument), or Tugu Lilin (Candle Monument) by locals, which stands at 3.5 meters (11 ft) in height. In total there are 26 buildings in the palatial complex with Gedung Induk (main building) as the main audience hall for receiving guests.
# Hesse, Moselle

Hesse (French pronunciation: ; German: Hessen) is a commune in the Moselle department in Grand Est in north-eastern France.
# Bedoradrine

Bedoradrine (INNTooltip International Nonproprietary Name; developmental code names KUR-1246, MN-221) is a sympathomimetic and bronchodilator medication that was developed for the treatment of preterm labor, asthma, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) but was never marketed. It acts as an ultra-selective long-acting β$_2$-adrenergic receptor agonist. The drug was intended for intravenous administration.
# Eagle Point Provincial Park

Eagle Point Provincial Park is a provincial park in central Alberta, Canada. It is located along the banks of the North Saskatchewan River within Brazeau County to the east and northeast of the Town of Drayton Valley. Recreation in Eagle Point Provincial Park include, Canoeing, Biking, Hiking, and Fishing. Animals within the park include Pine Martens, River Otters, North American beaver, American Black Bear, Belted Kingfisher, Osprey, Great Grey Owl, and Mule Deer.
Eagle Point was officially designated as a provincial park by an order in council on August 29, 2007. The designation involved the protection of 1,962 ha (4,850 acres) of land.
# Vlahakis

Vlahakis or Vlahaki (Greek: Βλαχάκης, Βλαχάκη) is a Greek surname that may refer to
* Panayiota Vlahaki (born 1991), Greek long-distance runner
* Peter Vlahakis (born 1982), American lacrosse player
* Van Vlahakis (1935–2014), American entrepreneur of Greek origin
# Verny, France

Verny (French pronunciation:; German: Werningen) is a commune in the Moselle department in Grand Est in north-eastern France.
# Nolan Tupaea

Nolan John Kotahitanga o te Hau Tupaea is a New Zealand former professional rugby league footballer who played in the 1980s. He played at representative level for New Zealand, and Wellington, as a stand-off.

## Playing career

Tupaea played for the St. George club and the Petone Panthers in the Wellington Rugby League competition. Tupaea played for St. George between 1970 and 1979, being part of a premiership winning side in 1977. He spent 1973-74 season playing for Wigan, although he did not play in a first grade match. In 1979 he moved to Petone, winning premierships in 1980, 1981 and 1982. He was also part of their 1982 victory in the National Club Cup.

## Representative career

Tupaea represented Wellington, playing 64 matches between 1971 and 1985. He was selected for the Kiwi Colts in 1973 for a match against Queensland. In 1976 he represented the North Island against the touring Sydney Metropolitan side.
Tupaea played for the Central Districts side in their first five years of the New Zealand Rugby League's district competition. The side won the competition in 1979, 1980 and 1982.
He represented the New Zealand national rugby league team in 1980 on their tour of Great Britain and France. He didn't play a test match, but he did play in 11 games for the Kiwis, scoring three tries. In 1983 he toured Britain again, this time with the New Zealand Māori side.

## Legacy

Tupaea was named as the Stand-off in the Petone Panthers' Team of the Century in 2012.
# Hadera Subdistrict

The Hadera subdistrict is one of Israel's subdistricts in Haifa District. The district is composed of mostly of the Southern half of Mandatory Haifa Subdistrict.
# Sabina Puértolas

Sabina Puértolas (born 1973, Zaragoza) is a Spanish operatic soprano, who has performed leading roles internationally, including Gilda in Verdi's Rigoletto at the Royal Opera House and Rosina in Rossini's The Barber of Seville at the Seattle Opera.

## Early life and education

Sabina Puértolas was born in Zaragoza, Spain. She trained in Spain at the Pamplona Conservatoire [es], and then in Italy at the Accademia Musicale Chigiana in Siena and the Teatro Regio's Accademia Verdiana in Busseto where Carlo Bergonzi was her teacher.

## Career

Puértolas made her professional debut in 2001 as Oscar in Verdi's Un ballo in maschera at La Scala in Milan. She appeared at the Royal Opera House first in 2013 as Lisette in Puccini's La rondine, then also as Despina in Mozart's Così fan tutte. She performed at the Liceu in Barcelona both the Contessa di Folleville in Rossini's Il viaggio a Reims and Marie in Donizetti's La fille du régiment. She appeared as Fiorilla in Rossini's Il turco in Italia at the Théâtre du Capitole in Toulouse, in the title role of Handel's Rodelinda at the Teatro Real in Madrid, and as Gilda in Verdi's Rigoletto at the Teatro Municipal in Santiago, Chile.
In the United States, she performed Rosina in Rosssini's The Barber of Seville at the Seattle Opera in October 2017.
She was the winner of international competitions in Rovereto, Pamplona, Palma de Mallorca, Manuel Ausensi in Barcelona, and the Zarzuela Prize at the 2003 Operalia.
On 4 January 2018, her performance as Gilda at the Royal Opera House in London was critically acclaimed, after she was called only the day before to temporarily replace Lucy Crowe, who had a throat infection, and having only three hours to rehearse. However, she had performed as Gilda previously in the municipal theatre in Santiago, Chile. Puértolas flew from Spain the next day to perform. It was considered a "do or die" opportunity. Replacing a high-profile soprano performing in a prestigious venue and being the main female character of the opera was met with thunderous applause as reported by the news media. The saga of finding a replacement, with some candidates having singing obligations and others not having a visa to work in Britain, was covered internationally, including by the US, UK, and Spanish press.

## Recordings

Her published recordings include:
* Handel's Ariodante under Alan Curtis (Virgin Classics label)
* Handel's Alcina from La Monnaie (Alpha Classics label)
* José María Usandizaga's La llama (Deutsche Grammophon label)
# Kurin

Kurin (Ukrainian: курінь) has two definitions: a military and administrative unit of the Zaporozhian Cossacks, Black Sea Cossack Host, and others; and of a type of housing (see below).
In the administrative definition, a kurin usually consisted of a few hundred Cossacks, with their own land, treasury and flag, and around a hundred houses. The number of kurins was not permanent, and varied throughout time: during the 16th century, there were 8 kurins in the Zaporozhian Sich and 38 during the first half of the 18th century. All Cossacks had to be part of a kurin and were listed on the so-called "kurin komput" (a register of Cossacks in the kurin), and were subject to the kurin otaman.
In the other definition, a kurin is a type of housing, sometimes temporary, which can vary in size and purpose: from a small tent made of leaves, to a large wooden house for permanent occupation.

## Administrative unit

The kurin was the lowest administrative division in the Cossack Hetmanate. According to a Ukrainian historian Adrian Kashchenko, there were 38 kurins.
Subdivisions of the Cossack Hetmanate :
| First | Regiment | Ukrainian: полк, romanized: polk, pl. Ukrainian: полки, romanized: polky |
| Second | Sotnia | Ukrainian: сотня, romanized: sotnia, pl. Ukrainian: сотні, romanized: sotni |
| Third | Kurin | Ukrainian: курінь, romanized: kurin, pl. Ukrainian: курені, romanized: kureni |

## Etymology

Kurin is most probably a loanword of Turkic origins. Compare Chagatai kürän ("group of warriors") and Uyghur kürijän ("warrior wagon train"). Other etymologies have been proposed – most prominently from the Ukrainian word курити, which means to smoke, create smoke – but they are generally not supported by linguists.

## In the Zaporozhian Sich

According to Dmytro Yavornytsky in his book "History of the Zaporozhian Cossacks" (Ukrainian: Історія запорізьких козаків), a kurin was a barrack 31 metres in length and 4 metres in width which was built out of lumber, with varying internal structures, or a military unit around the size of a regiment. Each kurin would have a small treasury building where cossacks would store valuables. Most cossacks did not live in the kurin they were counted in, rather choosing nearby villages, wilderness or other. The kurin were usually named after nearby towns, the otaman which founded them, or from the original hometowns of the resident cossacks. 10 kurins constituted a quarter of the whole Sich, and would be classified as a "pirija" - a special administrative unit with its own treasury, which was larger than in the individual kurins.
# Théophile Hounou

Théophile Hounou (born 1962) is a Beninese athlete. He competed in the men's long jump at the 1980 Summer Olympics.
# Carrick, County Donegal

Carrick (Irish: An Charraig, meaning 'the rock') is a village located within the civil parish of Glencolmcille in County Donegal, Ireland. As of the 2022 census, the population of the village was 308. Carrick is located between neighbouring towns Glencolmcille, Meenanary, Teelin and Kilcar. Nearby is Slieve League, the highest sea cliff in Europe.

## Amenities

The village has a post office as well as a number of pubs, shops and coffee shops. The Roman Catholic church in the village is dedicated to Saint Colm Cille, and was built in the 1850s. The local national school has an enrollment of approximately 80 pupils, and the secondary school had an enrollment of 214 students in 2019. Teams representing the secondary school, Coláiste na Carraige, have won a number of trophies in Gaelic football.
# 1888 in Mexico

Events from the year 1888 in Mexico.

## Incumbents

* President: Porfirio Díaz
* Archbishop of Mexico: Pelagio Antonio de Labastida y Dávalos

### Governors

* Aguascalientes: Alejandro Vázquez del Mercado
* Campeche: José Trinidad Ferrer/Onecíforo Durán/Joaquín Kerlegand
* Chiapas: Miguel Utrilla/Manuel Carrascosa
* Chihuahua: Lauro Carrillo
* Coahuila: José María Garza Galán
* Colima: Gildardo Gómez Campero
* Durango:
* Guanajuato:
* Guerrero:
* Hidalgo:
* Jalisco: Ramón Corona/Juan G. Robles/Pedro A. Galván
* State of Mexico:
* Michoacán:
* Morelos: Jesús H. Preciado
* Nuevo León: Lázaro Garza Ayala
* Oaxaca:
* Puebla:
* Querétaro: Francisco González de Cosío
* San Luis Potosí: Carlos Díez Gutiérrez
* Sinaloa:
* Sonora:
* Tabasco:
* Tamaulipas:
* Tlaxcala:
* Veracruz: Juan de la Luz Enríquez Lara
* Yucatán: General Guillermo Palomino
* Zacatecas:

## Births

* May 3 – José María Robles Hurtado, Catholic priest
* June 15 – Ramón López Velarde, poet
* July 13 – Anacleto González Flores, lawyer

## Deaths

* date unknown: Narciso Mendoza theNiño artillero (Child Gunner) during the Siege of Cuautla in 1812 (b. 1800)