OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Nuri Dersimi

Mehmed Nuri Dersimi (1893 – 22 August 1973), also known as Baytar Nuri, was a Kurdish writer, revolutionary and intellectual.
Dersimi was born in March 1893 in the village Akpınar near Hozat, in the Sanjak Dersim. From 1899 he went to primary school in Hozat. After, he was sent to the military academy in Elazığ, but he was not happy there and asked to come back to his family. His father decided to move with his family to Harput in 1905, where Dersimi attended secondary school. There Dersimi was more comfortable. In 1907 the family moved again to Hozat, where Dersimi could stay with his uncle and visit the local boarding school. 1911 he traveled Istanbul by ship via Trabzon and began to study veterinary medicine. There he became a member of the Kurdish student society Hevi-Kürt Talebe Cemiyeti and 1912 he became the secretary of the Kürdistan Muhibban Cemiyeti.
During World War I, he worked as a military veterinarian in Erzincan. In Erzincan he was a witness of the massacres perpetrated against the Armenians. Because of his political activities, in 1916 he was sent to Kangal, in Sivas, where he married his wife Selvi. In 1917 he returned to Istanbul to finish his studies.
From 1919 to 1921 the Koçgiri rebellion took place, which Dersimi supported. He opposed the findings of Abdulkadir Ubeydullah and preferred independence to autonomy for the Kurds. In October 1920, he departed from Istanbul and travelled to the region of the Koçgiri tribe in the Erzincan Province, where he established several offices for the Society for the Rise of Kurdistan. But already in 1919, Mustafa Kemal Atatürk became aware of Dersimi's activities and offered him and Alisan, another prominent member of the Koçgiri tribe to be a candidate for the Grand National Assembly of Turkey, an offer they both refused to accept. After the suppression of the Koçgiri rebellion, Mustafa Kemal accused Dersimi of being responsible for the uprising and excluded him from an amnesty for the rebels. After this, Dersimi hid with Seyid Riza and taught people to write Kurdish in Latin letters and was a well-perceived notable amongst the Kurdish community. In 1931 the Turkish government pardoned Dersimi and gave him a farm in Holvenk. But the Turkish authorities still kept searching his house. Friends visited seldom, and Dersimi's situation became more difficult. Following a visit to Ankara, he demanded to be provided with a new home in the west of the country, a request which was denied. After he was summoned by the military commander Abdullah Aldoğan of the Fourth Inspectorate-General in the Dersim region, he became aware that he could not stay in Turkey any longer.
In summer 1937 he decided to flee first to Greece, after to Syria which at the time was under French Mandate. On the 11 September 1937 he crossed into Syria.
He had adopted several children in Syria, one of whom he named after Seyid Riza. His son Seyid Riza had a son as well who was named after his grandfather, Nuri Dersimi.

## Publications

* Dersimi, Mehmed Nuri (1952). Kürdistan Tarihinde Dersim (in Turkish). Aleppo: Ani Matbaası. ISBN 975-6876-44-1.
Hatıratım, (Turkish) Dam Yayinlari, ISBN 978-6058626676
# National Guard (Greece)

The National Guard (Greek: Εθνοφυλακή, romanized: Ethnofylakí) is part of the Hellenic Army and are voluntary corps, mainly located in areas near the frontiers, consisted of trained and armed volunteer men (and since 2019 women).

## Historical background

The first unit in the Greek army with the name of "National Guard" was established in 1843 during the early reign of Otto of Greece. It was a voluntary unit, and consisted of men 18-24 years old.
Much later, in 1948, during the Greek Civil War were established the National Guard Defence Battalions (TEA), with a strongly anticommunist orientation. Their mission was supporting the regular Hellenic Army in national defence and internal security.

## Present form

Due to their hard-line right-wing orientation, the TEA were disestablished in 1982 by the government of Andreas Papandreou, and replaced with the National Guard.
# Ornithosuchus

Ornithosuchus (from Greek: ornis, ornithos, "bird" and Greek: souchos, "crocodile") is an extinct genus of pseudosuchians from the Late Triassic (Carnian) Lossiemouth Sandstone of Scotland. It was originally thought to be the ancestor to the carnosaurian dinosaurs (such as Allosaurus), but it is now known to be more closely related to crocodilians than to dinosaurs.

## Description

Despite this relationship to crocodiles, Ornithosuchus was able to walk on its hind legs, like many dinosaurs. It probably spent most of its time on all fours, though, only moving bipedally when it needed to run rapidly. Its skull also resembled those of theropod dinosaurs, but its more primitive features included the presence of five toes on each foot and a double row of armoured plates along the animal's back. Ornithosuchus has traditionally been estimated at a length around 4 m (13 ft).

## Classification

A single species of Ornithosuchus is recognized, O. woodwardi; O. taylori is a synonym.
"Dasygnathus" longidens was in 1877 created by Thomas Huxley for a right maxilla from the Lossiemouth Sandstone found in 1857. The genus name Dasygnathus had already been used for a coleopteran insect, so Huxley's generic name was in 1961 changed to Dasygnathoides. Although synonymized with Ornithosuchus by Walker (1964), a 2016 study found Dasygnathoides indeterminate beyond Pseudosuchia. The maximal length of Ornithosuchus was revised to 2.2 m.
Ornithosuchus is the type genus of the Ornithosuchidae, a family of facultatively biped carnivores that were geographically widespread during the Late Triassic. Three other genera are currently known, Venaticosuchus, Riojasuchus and Dynamosuchus.
# Y. Balaretnarajah

Major General Y. Balaretnarajah, VSV, USP, ndc is a retired Sri Lankan army officer. He had served as Chief of Staff of the Sri Lanka Army, Commandant of the Volunteer Force and Commander - Jaffna Security Forces. He has commanded the 1 Division, Armoured Brigade, 21 Brigade and 24 Brigade.

## Education

Born July 22, 1939 he was educated at St. John's College, Jaffna and at the Jaffna College. Joining the Ceylon Army in November 1959 and he received his basic officer training at Sandhurst. He completed the Armour Young Officers Course of the British Army at the Royal Armoured Corps Training Centre, and Advance Armour Officers Course of the Indian Army. Later he graduated from the National Defence College, India.

## Military career

After completion of basic officer training, Balaretnarajah was commissioned as a second lieutenant in the Ceylon Armoured Corps on December 21, 1961. He served as a troop leader of the 1st Reconnaissance Regiment, officer instructor at the Army Training Centre, Diyatalawa and a staff officer at the Army Headquarters and Northern Command Headquarters during the 1971 Insurrection before returning to the 1st Reconnaissance Regiment as a squadron commander with the rank of captain. Promoted to the rank of major, he was appointed deputy commandant at Diyatalawa before becoming a staff officer in the Logistics Command with the rank of lieutenant colonel.
As a colonel he headed the Logistics Command as Director Logistics and was promoted to the rank of brigadier in 1986. With the outset of the Sri Lankan Civil War and the second JVP insurrection he raised and commanded the 24 Brigade based out of Puttalam, and then appointed brigade commander of the 21 brigade based out of Jaffna, before becoming the commander, Security Forces Headquarters – Jaffna (SFHQ-J). During this period he also raised and commanded the armoured brigade.
In 1989, he was promoted to the rank of major general and was appointed the general officer commanding (GOC)- 1 Division. He was then appointed commandant, Sri Lanka Army Volunteer Force before becoming the Chief of Staff of the Sri Lanka Army, also serving as the regimental commander of the Sri Lanka Armoured Corps.
Balaretnarajah retired from the army with the rank of major general in October 1992. He was the president of the Armour Veteran's Association and Vice Patron of the St Johns College Jaffna Old Boys Association South Sri Lanka.

## Personal life

Balaretnarajah was married to Sarojini (née Somasundaram), and had three children- Anusha, Arjuna and Brahman. He died May, 27, 2022 at the age of 82.
# Yongdap-dong

Yongdap-dong (Korean: 용답동) is a dong (neighbourhood) of Seongdong District, Seoul, South Korea.
# Llazat

Llazat (Greek: Λαζάτι) is a village in the former commune of Livadhe, Vlorë County, southern Albania. At the 2015 local government reform it became a subdivision of the municipality of Finiq. A 1993 study by Leonidas Kallivretakis found that the total population of the village was 299, all of them part of the Greek community in Albania.
# Hvizdets

Hvizdets (Ukrainian: Гвізде́ць; Polish: Gwoździec; Yiddish: גוואַזדזיעץ, romanized: G'vojiets) is a rural settlement in Kolomyia Raion, Ivano-Frankivsk Oblast, Ukraine. It is located 19 km (12 mi) east-northeast of Kolomyia, 56 km (35 mi) southeast of Ivano-Frankivsk and 690 km (430 mi) west-southwest of Kyiv. Hvizdets hosts the administration of Hvizdets settlement hromada, one of the hromadas of Ukraine. Population: 1,831 (2022 estimate).

## History

The town was the site of the Battle of Gwoździec in 1531, during the Polish-Moldavian wars.
Prior to World War II the town was located in Poland. It is the birthplace of Polish film director Jerzy Kawalerowicz, artist Yaroslav Pstrak and politician Andriy Shevchenko.
Until 26 January 2024, Hvizdets was designated urban-type settlement. On this day, a new law entered into force which abolished this status, and Hvizdets became a rural settlement.

## Alternate names

Hvizdets was formerly known as Gvozdets (Russian), Gwoździec (Polish), Gvozdetz or Gvodzitz or גוואזדזיעץ (Yiddish), Hvizdec', Gvozhdziyets, and Gvozdzets.

## Former Jewish population

The Jewish population of Hvizdets in the year 1900 was 1,663 people, who made up a substantial part of the town's population. Nearly all were killed in the Holocaust. The famous Gwoździec Synagogue once stood in the village, however, it was burnt down by the German forces during World War II.
# Angelos Digozis

Angelos Digozis (Greek: Άγγελος Διγκόζης; born 19 March 1974) is a Greek professional football manager and former player.
Throughout his career, he played a total of 435 matches in all divisions. He was holding a unique record in Greek football, having played in the first division with eight different clubs (Veria, Kavala, OFI, Aris, Ionikos, AEL, Skoda Xanthi and Panserraikos).

## Playing career

Born in Pella, Digozis started his professional career with Apollon Kalamarias F.C. in 1994, going on to play for two more teams in the following five years, until reaching the top division with OFI Crete.
He helped OFI finish fourth in his first season, with the subsequent UEFA Cup qualification. In 2002, he moved to Cyprus, representing Olympiakos Nicosia for a brief period of time.
In the 2003 January transfer window, Digozis returned to his country with Aris Thessaloniki, being an essential midfield element as his club barely avoided top flight relegation in his first full season. He played for four clubs in the following five years, notably helping AEL F.C. win the 2007 domestic cup, defeating Panathinaikos F.C. at the Panthessaliko Stadium, for the second win in the tournament in the team's history.
In 2009, after suffering relegation from the top division with Panserraikos FC, 35-year-old Digozis resumed his career in the lower leagues.

## Honours

AEL
* Greek Cup: 2006–07
# Belgrano III Base

Belgrano III Base (Spanish: Base Belgrano III) was a permanent, all year-round Argentine Antarctic base and scientific research station named after General Manuel Belgrano, one of the Libertadores and the creator of the Argentine Flag. It was located on Berkner Island on the Filchner Ice Shelf.
At the time of its inauguration it was Argentina's southernmost permanent base. It was shut down in 1984 over safety concerns due to it being built on increasingly unstable ice, which endangered both personnel and equipment.

## History

On 8 January 1980, launching the second stage of the 1979–80 austral summer campaign, the Argentine Navy's new icebreaker ARA Almirante Irízar sailed away from Buenos Aires with the mission of founding a new base on Berkner Island, on the Filchner Ice Shelf.
On 24 January 1980 and after a sixteen-day-long trip, the ship reached the chosen place, about 200 km (120 mi) west of the spot occupied by Belgrano I, by then already abandoned because the ice platform it was placed upon was cracking at a fast rate, resulting in unsafe working conditions.
Belgrano III was officially inaugurated on 30 January after finishing unloading of cargo with the aid of two Puma SA 330 helicopters from the Argentine Army Aviation Command. At this time it hosted a nine-men Argentine Army complement.
Belgrano III was shut down after 4 years of continuous service due to the fast deterioration of the ice barrier it was sitting on; new, often hidden cracks and crevices endangered the on-duty personnel and material. The base was closed on 15 January 1984 and all of its staff was evacuated by a helicopter operating from Almirante Irízar. Due to a mix of very bad weather and mechanical failure of the second helicopter aboard Almirante Irízar, 33 t (32 long tons; 36 short tons) of packaged equipment had to be left behind to be recovered by land or, if not possible, in a later summer campaign. The salvage of such equipment was further delayed for several campaigns because of unusual pack ice thickness and other transport and logistic setbacks. On 1989 a helicopter inspection showed that the base and packages were already completely buried in snow and ice 4–5 m (13–16 ft) deep; only the antennae were sticking out in the surface.

## Description

The initial facilities at Belgrano III were composed of nine mobile modules coupled together and mounted on continuous tracks. They were constructed of plastic material, which provided structural strength and thermal insulation at the same time, necessary features to withstand the rigorous winds and freezing temperatures prevailing in the area. In addition the base had a cubicle mounted on skis. These facilities were assigned to staff accommodation, communications station, infirmary, meteorological station, kitchen, bathroom and power plant.
A freezing chamber was built in the ice, and some deposits were installed directly on the ground.

### Scientific activities

Besides the usual equipment and facility maintenance duties, personnel at Belgrano III carried out various scientific projects regarding meteorology, geomagnetism and topographic surveys on the area.
# Salim Beyg

Salim Beyg (Persian: سليم بيگ, also Romanized as Salīm Beyg) is a village in Dasht Rural District, Silvaneh District, Urmia County, West Azerbaijan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 218, in 38 families.
# Repulse Harbour

Repulse Harbour (Danish: Repulse Havn) is a bay in northern Greenland. To the northwest it opens into the Lincoln Sea. Administratively it is a part of the Northeast Greenland National Park.

## History

The bay was named in September 1871 by Captain Hall during the Polaris expedition. Hall was looking for a wintering harbor and pushed northward with his ship after checking the bay, but could not go beyond 82° 10′ latitude on account of the ice and returned. Hall examined the bay again but found it unsuitable for wintering.
There is a large cairn standing on one of the entrance points of the bay that was erected in April 1876 by senior Lieutenant Lewis Beaumont of the British Arctic Expedition. Lieutenant Beaumont's dogsled party were sent out by Captain Nares to explore the north coast of Greenland, having set out from Discovery Harbour on the Ellesmere Island side of the Robeson Channel. When the party returned to Repulse Harbour its members were severely ill with scurvy and had to abandon some of their equipment at the cairn site.

## Geography

Repulse Harbour is a small inlet that opens to the northwest 20 km to the northeast of Cape Brevoort, the eastern point of the mouth of Newman Fjord. It lies on the northern shore of Nyeboe Land, surrounded by low-lying terrain. The cliffs of the Black Horn Klint rise to the east of the bay along the coast.
* British flag left at a depot on Repulse Harbour by Lieutenant Lewis Beaumont during Captain Nares' British Arctic Expedition.
# Yugoslavia in the Eurovision Song Contest 1963

Yugoslavia was represented at the Eurovision Song Contest 1963 with the song "Brodovi" (Бродови), written by Mario Nardelli, and performed by Vice Vukov. The Yugoslavian participating broadcaster, Jugoslavenska radiotelevizija (JRT), selected its entry through Jugovizija 1963.

## Before Eurovision
### Jugovizija 1963

The Yugoslav national final, to select their entry, was held on 1 February in Belgrade. There were 8 songs in the final, one from each of the six republics and the two autonomous provinces submitted through their respective subnational public broadcasters. Four subnational broadcasters made their debut; Radio Skopje, Radio Titograd, Radio Prishtina, and Radio Novi Sad. The winner was chosen by the votes of an eight-member jury of experts, one juror for each of the six republics and the two autonomous provinces. The winning entry was "Brodovi", performed by Croatian singer Vice Vukov, composed and written by Mario Nardelli. He previously came 6th in the 1962 Yugoslav Final.
Final – 1 February 1963 :
| Place | Broadcaster | Artist | Song | Points |
| 1 | SR Croatia (RTV Zagreb) | Vice Vukov | "Brodovi" | 19 |
| 2 | SR Slovenia (RTV Ljubljana) | Majda Sepe | "Najlepši časi" | 18 |
| 3 | SR Serbia (RTV Belgrade) | Ljiljana Petrović | "Tabakera" | 13 |
| 4 | SAP Kosovo (Radio Prishtina) | Anica Zubović | "Trinaest dana do..." | 11 |
| 5 | SR Bosnia and Herzegovina (RTV Sarajevo) | Sabahudin Kurt | "Sretno ljeto" | 7 |
| 6 | SAP Vojvodina (Radio Novi Sad) | Lola Novaković | "Kada dođe zima" | 6 |
| 7 | SR Montenegro (Radio Titograd) | Đorđe Marjanović | "Velika ljubav" | 4 |
| 8 | SR Macedonia (Radio Skopje) | Duo Hani | "Ne verujem majčice više" | 2 |

## At Eurovision

Vice Vukov performed 9th on the night of the Contest following Denmark and preceding Switzerland. At the close of the voting the song had received 3 points, placing 11th in a field of 16 competing countries.
# Kaşık Island

Kaşık Island, (Turkish: Kaşık Adası, literally "Spoon Island"; Greek: Πίτα) is one of the nine islands comprising the Princes' Islands in the Sea of Marmara, near Istanbul. It is located between the islands of Burgazada and Heybeliada. Kaşık Adası is officially administered by Burgazada neighborhood in the Adalar district of Istanbul, Turkey.
# Netherlands at the 1964 Summer Paralympics

Netherlands competed at the 1964 Summer Paralympics in Tokyo, Japan. The team included 8 athletes, 5 men and 3 women. Competitors from Netherlands won 14 medals, including 4 gold, 6 silver and 4 bronze to finish 10th in the medal table.

## Medalists

| Medal | Name | Sport | Event |
| Gold | Elka Gaarlandt | Swimming | Women's 50 m Breaststroke complete class 3 |
| Gold | Cor Prins | Swimming | Men's 50 m Freestyle Prone special class |
| Gold | Cor Prins | Swimming | Men's 50 m Freestyle Supine special class |
| Gold | Gerard Jacobs Marion de Groot | Table tennis | Men's Doubles A1 |
| Silver | Peter Blanker | Archery | Men's Albion Round open |
| Silver | Peter Blanker | Archery | Men's FITA Round open |
| Silver | Elka Gaarlandt | Athletics | Women's Slalom open |
| Silver | Marion de Groot | Swimming | Women's 25 m Freestyle Supine complete class 1 |
| Silver | Dik Kruidenier | Swimming | Men's 50 m Freestyle Prone cauda equina |
| Silver | Gerard Jacobs | Table tennis | Men's Singles A1 |
| Bronze | E. O'Brien | Athletics | Women's Slalom open |
| Bronze | Marion de Groot | Swimming | Women's 25 m Freestyle Supine incomplete class 1 |
| Bronze | Dik Kruidenier | Swimming | Men's 50 m Breaststroke complete class 5 |
| Bronze | Marion de Groot | Table tennis | Men's Singles A1 |
Source: www.paralympic.org & www.olympischstadion.nl

## Competitors

A team of 7 men and 3 women were announced in the newspaper on 23 October 1964. In the newspaper of 20 November (after the Paralympics) was written "ten became eleven".
The name of the 11th person was not named.

### Men

* Popke Popkema
* Peter Blanker
* Gerard Jacobs
* Piet Imming
* Dik Kruidenier
* Cor Prins
* Yap Soem Lie

### Women

* Marion de Groot
* Elka Gaarlandt
* Cissy Morel

## Archery

The Dutch team consisted of three archers.
* 2x Peter Blanker
* Popke Popkema
* 7th - Geert Imming
# Halsnæs Municipality

Halsnæs Municipality (Danish: Halsnæs Kommune) is a municipality (Danish, kommune) in the Capital Region of Denmark. The municipality covers a total area (land and water) of 122.15 km$^2$ (2013), according to Municipal Key Figures (De Kommunale Nøgletal (www.noegletal.dk)), and has a total population of 31,515 (1. January 2024). The municipality also includes the island Hesselø. Up to 20 km$^2$ of the total area is water, as part of the largest lake in Denmark, Arresø, lies within the municipality. Its name comes from Halsnæs, the peninsula that forms the western part of the municipality.
The municipality was created on 1 January 2007 as a merger of the former municipalities of Frederiksværk and Hundested.
At first the merged municipality wore the hyphenated name Frederiksværk-Hundested, but it was changed to Halsnæs on 1 January 2008. Its mayor, as of 1 January 2018, is Steffen Jensen, a member of the Social Democrats political party.

## Geography

Lake Arresø, the largest lake in Denmark, has its western part in the municipality. Originally a fjord connected to Kattegat, it was landlocked when the land northwest of the lake rose by 5 meters in the last ice age. In 1717, by royal order a canal was built (finished in 1719) to connect the lake with Roskilde fjord. The construction of the canal was necessary because the natural stream (Danish:å) from the lake to the fjord was filling up with sand. The water in the newly built canal was harnessed by a watermill, and the town of Frederiksværk basically was created through industrialization.

## Urban areas

The ten largest urban areas in the municipality are:
| # | Locality | Population |
| 1 | Frederiksværk | 12,257 |
| 2 | Hundested | 8,861 |
| 3 | Liseleje | 2.580 |
| 4 | Ølsted | 1,863 |
| 5 | Vinderød | 1,033 |
| 6 | Melby | 792 |
| 7 | Evetofte | 368 |
| 8 | Torup | 321 |
| 9 | Ølsted Sydstrand | 250 |
| 10 | Ølsted Strandhuse | 220 |

## Politics
### Municipal council

Halsnæs' municipal council consists of 21 members, elected every four years.
Below are the municipal councils elected since the Municipal Reform of 2007.
| Election | Party | Party | Party | Party | Party | Party | Party | Total seats | Turnout | Elected mayor |
| Election | A | B | C | F | O | V | Ø | Total seats | Turnout | Elected mayor |
| 2005 | 13 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 4 | 1 | 25 | 66.5% | Helge Friis (A) |
| 2009 | 8 | | 1 | 3 | 3 | 6 | | 21 | 64.5% | Helge Friis (A) |
| 2013 | 8 | | | 1 | 4 | 7 | 1 | 21 | 73.1% | Steen Hasselriis (V) |
| 2017 | 10 | | | 2 | 2 | 6 | 1 | 21 | 71.1% | Steffen Jensen (A) |
| Data from Kmdvalg.dk 2005, 2009, 2013 and 2017 |||||||||||

## Landmarks

* Arresødal Castle, completed in 1788, now serves as a private hospital.