OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Old French Sign Language

Old French Sign Language (French: Vieille langue des signes française, often abbreviated as VLSF) was the language of the deaf community in 18th-century Paris at the time of the establishment of the first deaf schools. The earliest records of the language are in the work of the Abbé de l'Épée, who stumbled across two sisters communicating in signs and, through them, became aware of a signing community of 200 deaf Parisians.
Records of the language they used are scant. Épée saw their signing as beautiful but primitive, and rather than studying or recording it, he set about developing his own unique sign system ("langage de signes méthodiques"), which borrowed signs from Old French Sign Language and combined them with an idiosyncratic morphemic structure which he derived from the French language. The term "Old French Sign Language" has occasionally been used to describe Épée's "systematised signs", and he has often been (erroneously) cited as the inventor of sign language.
Épée, however, influenced the language of the deaf community, and modern French Sign Language can be said to have emerged in the schools that Épée established. As deaf schools inspired by Épée's model sprung up around the world, the language was to influence the development of many other sign languages, including American Sign Language. From the dictionaries of "systematised signs" that the Abbé de l'Épée and his successor, Abbé Roch-Ambroise Cucurron Sicard, published, one can see that many of the signs described have direct descendants in sign languages today.
Pierre Desloges, who was deaf himself and a contemporary of the Abbe de l'Épée, partially described Old French Sign Language in what was possibly the first book ever to be published by a deaf person (1779). The language certainly used of the possibilities of a spatial grammar. One of the grammatical features noted by Desloges was the use of directional verbs, such as the verb "to want".
From the few descriptions that exist, modern linguists are unable to build up a complete picture of Old French Sign Language, but ongoing research continues to uncover more pieces of the puzzle. It is not known how the language was acquired or how long the language had been developing before Épée established his school. However, evidence suggests that whenever a large enough population of deaf people exists, a sign language will spontaneously arise (cf. Nicaraguan Sign Language). As Paris had been the largest city in France for hundreds of years (and with 565,000 inhabitants in 1750), French Sign Language is a good candidate for one of the oldest sign languages in Europe.
Old French Sign Language is not related to Old French, which was spoken from roughly 1000 to 1300.
# Supernatural order

According to the Catholic Encyclopedia, in Christian theology the supernatural order is "the ensemble of effects exceeding the powers of the created universe and gratuitously produced by God for the purpose of raising the rational creature above its native sphere to a God-like life and destiny." The Modern Catholic Dictionary defines it as "[t]he sum total of heavenly destiny and all the divinely established means of reaching that destiny, which surpass the mere powers and capacities of human nature."

## In Catholic philosophy

According to New Advent, "the philosophical possibility and the critical ascertainment of the supernatural order are the central point of Christian apologetics."
Years before the Second Vatican Council, theologian Karl Rahner was using the term "supernatural existential" to describe the fact that God has permanently graced human nature with the potential to act in a supernatural way. This understanding found increased importance in the Second Vatican Council. This includes the understanding that everyone is capable of growing in charity (also called sanctifying grace and divine life) by responding to the God-given Spirit within every human person. This Spirit is also experienced as the "voice of conscience". While one learns from Christian revelation that all those saved are incorporated into the "body of Christ" in heaven, we are sons and daughters of God by God's grace whether or not while here on earth we come to believe in Christ.

## In Supernaturalism

According to supernaturalism, a supernatural order is the original and fundamental source of all that exists. Accordingly, it is this supernatural order which defines the limits of what may be known.
# Charles McIlveen

Charles Elmer McIlveen (August 8, 1919 – May 4, 2007) was a Canadian physician and politician, who represented Oshawa in the Legislative Assembly of Ontario from 1971 to 1975 as a Progressive Conservative member. McIlveen was elected in the PC sweep, taking the seat for the working-class riding of Oshawa previously held by Cliff Pilkey and considered an NDP stronghold. In addition to serving as a member, or Chair, of several Standing and Select Committees of the Legislature, McIlveen served as the Parliamentary Assistant to the Minister of Transportation and Communication during the short-lived government of Bill Davis in 1975.
In the 1975 Ontario election, New Democrat Michael Breaugh easily reclaimed the seat.
A physician by profession, McIlveen died May 4, 2007, at the age of 87.
# Landstraße

Landstraße (German pronunciation: ; Viennese: Laundstrossn; "Country Road") is the 3rd municipal district of Vienna, Austria (German: 3. Bezirk). It is near the center of Vienna and was established in the 19th century. Landstraße is a heavily populated urban area with many workers and residential homes. It has 89,834 inhabitants in an area of 7.42 km$^2$ (2.86 sq mi). It has existed since about 1200 AD. In 1192, the English king Richard the Lionheart was captured in the Erdberg neighbourhood, after the unsuccessful Third Crusade.
To tourists, Landstraße is mostly known for the 18th-century castle and gardens of Belvedere, the residence of Eugene of Savoy, which today houses the Austrian Gallery. Another residence was built by the Russian envoy to Vienna, Count Razumovsky. A more recent point of interest is the Hundertwasserhaus block of flats (apartment block) designed in a dream-like style by the architect and painter Friedensreich Hundertwasser. Museums in Landstraße include the KunstHausWien ("Vienna art house", also designed by Hundertwasser) and the Museum of Art Fakes. The St. Marx Cemetery in Landstraße contains the grave of Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart.
Austrian Chancellor Metternich (1773–1859) once remarked, "The Balkans begin at the Rennweg", which was then a mere road in Landstraße, out of Vienna towards the east.

## Geography

Landstraße District is located in the southeastern city center of Vienna. It has an area of 7.42 km$^2$, or 1.8% of the city of Vienna. This district is in the middle of Vienna's municipal districts. For one of the "interior districts" the district has a comparatively high proportion of greenery. The district lies along several terraces of the Danube, where the Danube Canal forms the eastern and the Vienna River the northwestern border. In the south of the district, Laaer Berg borders Landstraße.

## Sights

* Belvedere Palace
* The Hundertwasserhaus
* KunstHausWien
* Vienna Concert Hall
* Russian Orthodox Cathedral (Russisch-orthodoxe Kathedrale (Wien) [de])
* Headquarters of Austrian automobile club OeAMTC
* St. Marx Cemetery
* Mozart memorial in St. Marx Cemetery
# Galvarino Riveros Cárdenas

José Galvarino Riveros Cárdenas (December 2, 1829 – January 11, 1892) was a Chilean naval officer, Commander of the Chilean Squadron during the War of the Pacific.
He was born in Curaco de Vélez, Sector Changüitad, Isla de Quinchao, Chiloé, Chile on December 2, 1829. He was son of Captain Juan Antonio Riveros of the Independencia and of Mercedes Cárdenas, daughter of Lorenzo Cárdenas Díaz, a royalist officer. He lived his childhood in Changüitad, the land of his mother, in the neighborhood of Curaco de Vélez. The move occurred shortly after his birth and this has led to various sources being consigned to Changüitad or to Curaco de Vélez as the site of his birth. Nevertheless, this is contradicted by his baptismal certificate, which was filed in Valdivia. In 1843, the general Jose Santiago Aldunate placed him in the military academy after having lost his father.
In 1848 he entered the squadron, and embarked aboard the steamer Chile as a midshipman. Among his companions were the sailors Simpson, Bynnon and Munoz Gamero, later superior heads of the Chilean Navy. In 1848 he made a study trip to Oceania and California aboard the French frigate Poursuivante, under the command of Admiral Legoumet. One of the first hydrographic expeditions was to the Toltén River, in a period in which the Araucanía had not yet been conquered.
He was promoted to lieutenant in 1851, and, under orders of the commander Bynnon, made a trip to Europe in 1857 to bring to Chile the warship Maria Isabel. He was second chief of that ship when he was shipwrecked in Misericordia Bay. In 1859 he was promoted to the rank of Corvette Captain, and Frigate Captain in 1866. In 1863 he was sent to patrol the north coast, from Atacama to Mejillones, with the mission to monitor the border. He had control of the warships "Emeralda", "Independencia", and "Corbeta Abtao". In 1872 he was appointed maritime governor of Valparaiso and in 1876, he obtained the rank of Ship-of-the-line Captain.

## War of the Pacífic

At the outbreak of war, he was appointed commander of the Chilean ironclad Blanco Encalada and chief of a naval division that comprised the corvette O'Higgins, the Magallanes, and the transport Amazonas.
After the failure of Juan Williams Rebolledo, he was given the control of the squadron. He captured the Huáscar in the Battle of Angamos on October 8, 1879, by which he virtually annihilated the naval power of Peru. Promoted to the rank of rear admiral of the squadron, he participated in the war using the navy in support of ground forces. When the conflict was over, he returned to Chile with part of the expeditionary army, leaving the command of the squadron to the captain of navy Juan Jose Latorre. He retired from the navy on August 20, 1881.
He died in Santiago on January 11, 1892.
# Neapolitan Mystery

Neapolitan Mystery (Italian: Giallo napoletano) is a 1979 Italian mystery film directed by Sergio Corbucci. The film is also known as Atrocious Tales of Love and Death.

## Cast

* Marcello Mastroianni as Raffaele Capece
* Ornella Muti as Lucia Navarro
* Renato Pozzetto as Police Inspector
* Michel Piccoli as Conductor Navarro
* Zeudi Araya as Elizabeth
* Capucine as Sister Angela
* Peppino De Filippo as Raffaele's father
* Elena Fiore as Filomena
* Peppe Barra as Giardino (as Giuseppe Barra)
* Ennio Antonelli
* Armando Curcio
* Nicola Di Gioia as Prostituta
* Salvatore Furnari
* Franco Iavarone
* Giovanni Imparato
* Gennarino Palumbo
* Franca Scagnetti
* Carlo Taranto
* Natale Tulli
* Tomas Arana as Husband (uncredited)
# Philippe Bauer

Philippe Bauer is a Swiss politician who is a member of the Council of States of Switzerland.

## Biography

He worked as a lawyer before his election in 2019.
# Eternal Fragrance

Eternal Fragrance (Persian: یکشنبه آخر, "Last Sunday") is a book written by Masoumeh Ramhormozi about the Iran–Iraq war (1980–88). Masoumeh, who was 14 at the time, was a social worker in a field hospital during the war. The English translation of The Last Sunday, titled Eternal Fragrance, was launched at the 66th Frankfurt Book Fair. This book discusses some of the roles of Iranian women who participated in the Iran-Iraq war. Eternal Fragrance was ranked the second book in the 9th Sacred Defense Book of the year awards.
According to critics, Eternal Fragrance is the most effective memoir of the Iran–Iraq war. It is one of the first published works about Iranian women's roles during this period, which paved the way for the publication of similar works. The original book was translated into English by Farahnaz Omidvar.

## Background

Masoumeh Ramhormozi, a native of southern Iran, was 14 in 1980 when the Iran-Iraq war broke out. She was raised in a religious family that was active during and after the Iranian Revolution. Masoumeh was a social worker in a field hospital. Her brothers were killed in the war, and she has said that moment was the hardest of the war for her. Ramhormozi had a notebook that wrote her memoirs for her peace of mind and sometimes tore them up.

## Narrative

Eternal Fragrance is mainly about the memories of Masoumeh Ramhormozi, a woman fighter whose father and brothers were killed during the Iran-Iraq war. At the start of the book, she states: "I wrote major event in a notebook every day for peace of my heart and sometimes teared up my handwritten". She kept the notes and used them to write her memoirs and said, "I write [my] own memories today for reading with other people, not for my heart". This book consists of 12 chapters, a picture gallery, and documents about major events during the Iran-Iraq war.

## Publication

The book was first published in Persian as The Last Sunday by Sureye Mehr Publication Company in 2003. The original book was translated into English by Farahnaz Omidvar, and the English translation was later sent to England for editing. The English version, titled Eternal Fragrance, was launched at the 66th Frankfurt Book Fair.
# Basundhara Bhusal

Basundhara Bhusal (Nepali: वसुन्धरा भुसाल) is a Nepalese movie and theater actor. She was one of the actresses in the first Nepali movie Aama (1964). Since then, she has acted in at least 135 feature films and 60 TV programs. She started her career in theater, acting in plays at the Rastriya Nachghar since the 1960s.
Some of her notable films are Ek Number Ko Pakhe, Truck Driver, Hijo Aaja Bholi (first Nepali film under a private banner and fourth overall), Paral Ko Aago (adapted from eponymous story by Guru Prasad Mainali), Chhakka Panja (second highest grossing Nepali film of all time) and Prasad (2018 film).
Bhusal received the Lifetime Achievement Award at the National Film Awards (Nepal) in 2016.
Bhusal is the co-founder and president of Bhuwan Chaitya Basundhara Foundation. She is known to volunteer for social awareness programs to help educate the public on important issues. She has spoken about gender pay gap in the Nepali movie industry.

## Filmography

Bhusal has played in over 135 feature films; the list here only includes a small number of them.
| Year | Title | Notes |
| 1964 | Aama | |
| 1968 | Hijo Aaja Bholi | |
| 1973 | Man ko bandh | |
| 1978 | Paral Ko Aago | |
| 1980 | Sindoor | |
| 1982 | Jeevan Rekha | |
| 1989 | Santan | |
| 1989 | Pachhis Basanta | |
| 1991 | Kanyadaan | Best Actor in a character Role (Female) |
| 1993 | Adhikar | |
| 1994 | Truck Driver | |
| 1995 | Jali Rumal | |
| 1995 | Seeta | |
| 1999 | Ek Number Ko Pakhe | |
| 2016 | Chhakka Panja | |
| 2018 | Shatru Gate | |
| 2018 | Prasad | |
| 2019 | Dal Bhaat Tarkaari | |
# Megalocercus

Megalocercus is a genus of larvacean tunicates belonging to the family Oikopleuridae.
The species of this genus are found in Pacific Ocean.
Species:
* Megalocercus abyssorum Chun, 1887
* Megalocercus huxleyi Ritter, 1905
# A Caretaker's Tale

A Caretaker's Tale (Danish: Viceværten) is a 2012 Danish drama film directed by theatre director Katrine Wiedemann [da] based on a screenplay by Kim Fupz Aakeson.

## Plot

Per (Lars Mikkelsen) is a bitter misogynist caretaker (building manager). His wife left him, his son is a drug addict, and his back hurts. In his spare time, he drinks beer with neighbour Viborg (Nicolaj Kopernikus). Then he suddenly finds a mysterious naked young woman (Julie Zangenberg) in an empty apartment. Per doesn't know what to do with the girl who is unable to talk, walk, or eat. The only thing she does is smile mysteriously. Then Per and his friends discover her special gift.

## Cast

* Lars Mikkelsen as Per
* Nicolaj Kopernikus as Viborg
* Julie Zangenberg as The Girl
* Peter Plaugborg as Carsten
* Tommy Kenter as Gregers
* Ditte Gråbøl as Britt
# Villaluenga de la Sagra

Villaluenga de la Sagra is a municipality located in the province of Toledo, Castile-La Mancha, Spain. According to the 2006 census (INE), the municipality had a population of 3,216 inhabitants.
# National Route 212 (Costa Rica)

National Secondary Route 212, or just Route 212 (Spanish: Ruta Nacional Secundaria 212, or Ruta 212) is a National Road Route of Costa Rica, located in the San José province.

## Description

In San José province the route covers Desamparados canton (San Antonio, Patarrá, Damas districts).
# Saint Helen Island Fort

The Saint Helen Island Fort (French: Fort de l'Île Sainte-Hélène), a historic site on Saint Helen's Island in the city of Montreal, Quebec, was constructed in the early 1820s as an arsenal in the defensive chain of forts built to protect Canada from a threat of American invasion. Although not heavily fortified, it served an important purpose as the central artillery depot for all forts west, and in the Richelieu River Valley, known as the Valley of the Forts. These included Fort Henry and Fort Lennox. The red stone used to build the Fort is a breccia quarried on the island, which is situated in the St. Lawrence River between the island of Montreal and the south shore.
The Levis Tower, contrary to popular belief, was not part of the fortifications on the island. It was built in the 1930s to house a water tower.

## History

Built in 1820-1824 by the British, the fort served as arsenal and a storage facility for weapons and equipment. It was transformed into a military prison after the rebellions of 1837. The complex was however ravaged by fire in 1848, only to be rebuilt in 1863-1864.
After the British Army left the fort for ruin, it became part of the City of Montreal. In the 1930s, it was restored as part of a job creation project during the Great Depression. During the Second World War, it was used as an internment camp for Italians who were in the UK at the time of the declaration of war. During the summer months the Fort houses two reconstituted 18th century regiments, The Olde 78th Fraser Highlanders, and Les Compagnies Franches de la Marine.

## Stewart Museum (1955-2021)

The Fort was also home to the Stewart Museum (French: Musée Stewart), a private non-profit institution and history museum founded in 1955 by philanthropist David M. Stewart to collect, store and display historical artifacts from Canada's colonial past, particularly that of New France. It had a unique collection of close to 27,000 artifacts, archival documents and rare books related to the European history of North America, from the establishment of New France up to the present day. The museum’s chief mission was to preserve and showcase these artifacts that bared witness to the voyages of exploration, scientific advances, feats of arms, beliefs and daily lives of our ancestors. The former museum, located in Parc Jean-Drapeau, had been housed in the arsenal of the fort on St. Helen’s Island, a 19th-century military building that is listed in the Répertoire du patrimoine culturel du Québec. Both the Fort and the museum had been open year-round, before its eventual closure.
On February 16, 2021, after 66 years of operation, the museum permanently closed. Unable to survive financially due to the COVID-19 pandemic, its collection will be relocated and merged with the McCord Museum in downtown Montreal. The Fort itself is closed to the public since February 2021.
# Homona (moth)

Homona is a genus of moths belonging to the subfamily Tortricinae of the family Tortricidae.

## Species

* Homona aestivana (Walker, 1866)
* Homona anopta Diakonoff, 1983
* Homona antitona (Meyrick, 1927)
* Homona apiletica Meyrick, 1934
* Homona auriga (Durrant, 1915)
* Homona bakeri Diakonoff, 1968
* Homona baolocana Razowski, 2008
* Homona bicornis Diakonoff, 1968
* Homona biscutata Meyrick, 1931
* Homona blaiki Razowski, 2013
* Homona brachysema Diakonoff, 1983
* Homona coffearia (Nietner, 1861)
* Homona despotis Diakonoff, 1983
* Homona difficilis (Meyrick, 1928)
* Homona eductana (Walker, 1863)
* Homona encausta (Meyrick, 1907)
* Homona fatalis Meyrick, 1936
* Homona fistulata Meyrick, 1910
* Homona intermedia Diakonoff, 1948
* Homona issikii Yasuda, 1962
* Homona magnanima Diakonoff, 1948
* Homona mermerodes Meyrick, 1910
* Homona nakaoi Yasuda, 1969
* Homona obtusuncus Razowski, 2013
* Homona parvanima Razowski, 2008
* Homona phanaea Meyrick, 1910
* Homona polyarcha Meyrick, 1924
* Homona polystriana Razowski, 2008
* Homona privigena Razowski, 2013
* Homona saclava (Mabille, 1900)
* Homona salaconis (Meyrick, 1912)
* Homona scutina Diakonoff, 1948
* Homona secura (Meyrick, 1910)
* Homona spargotis Meyrick, 1910
* Homona superbana Kuznetsov, 1992
* Homona tabescens (Meyrick, 1921)
* Homona trachyptera Diakonoff, 1941
* Homona umbrigera Diakonoff, 1952
* Homona wetan Diakonoff, 1941

## Former species

* Homona cyanombra Meyrick, 1935
* Homona hylaeana Ghesquire, 1940
* Homona myriosema Meyrick, 1936
# Jury questionnaire

A jury questionnaire is a form that potential jurors fill out prior to voir dire. Many jurisdictions "qualify" jurors by selecting only those who receive, complete, and return jury questionnaires. Some studies have found that large percentages of jury questionnaires are returned as undeliverable or are not returned by the recipients.
Supplemental juror questionnaires are used in virtually all high-profile cases. Research has found that potential jurors are more willing to disclose bias in juror questionnaires than in oral voir dire.
# Shib (village)

Shib (Persian: شيب, also Romanized as Shīb; also known as Deh Shīb and Deh Sab) is a village in Darbqazi Rural District, in the Central District of Nishapur County, Razavi Khorasan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 139, in 41 families.
# National Democratic Women's Union

National Democratic Women's Union (Nepali: राष्ट्रिय प्रजातान्त्रिक महिला संघ) is a women's organisation in Nepal, politically aligned with the Rastriya Prajatantra Party.
# Radical Liberal Party (Luxembourg)

The Radical Liberal Party (Luxembourgish: Radikal-Liberal Partei, French: Parti Radical Libéral), abbreviated to PRL, was a Luxembourgian political party that existed from 1932 until 1945. It was the main party bridging the gap between the former Liberal League and the current Democratic Party.
The party was founded in 1932 through a merger of the Radical Socialist Party (PRS) and the Radical Party (PR). The PRS had been the main group to emerge from the collapse of the Liberal League, whilst the Radical Party had broken away from the PRS in 1928. The two, however, continued to cooperate, and were reunited fully by the created of the Radical Liberal Party in 1932. In their first election, the partial elections held in 1934, the party won 3 seats in the 54-seat Chamber of Deputies. This was increased to five out of 55 in 1937. This would be the last election that the party would fight.
The PRL was a part of the Luxembourgian government from 1932 until 1938, as the junior partner to the Party of the Right, which dominated inter-war politics. The PRL continued to exist until the political realignment brought about by the German occupation during Second World War. On 2 June 1945, the party was reconstituted as the Patriotic and Democratic Group, which would become the Democratic Party.
Leading members of the party included Nicolas Braunshausen, Gaston Diderich, Norbert Dumont, Étienne Schmit. Diderich was the Mayor of Luxembourg City for the duration of the party's existence, whilst the other three all held cabinet positions.