OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Duncan Lloyd McLeod

Duncan Lloyd McLeod (May 26, 1874—May 10, 1935) was a politician in Manitoba, Canada. He served in the Legislative Assembly of Manitoba from 1922 to 1935 as a member of the Progressive Party, and was a cabinet minister in the government of John Bracken.
McLeod was born in Glen Huron, Ontario, and was educated at Collingwood Collegiate Institute. He worked as a teacher, and continued in this profession after moving to Manitoba in 1902. McLeod served a councillor and reeve in the municipality of Albert, and was active in various farming organizations.
He first campaigned for the Manitoba legislature in the provincial election of 1920, when he lost by ten votes to Liberal incumbent John Williams in the rural southwestern constituency of Arthur. McLeod ran as an independent farmer candidate, and might have also been endorsed by the local Conservative organization.
He later joined the United Farmers of Manitoba. Under its banner, he defeated Williams by 353 votes in the 1922 election. The United Farmers won an unexpected majority in this election, and formed government as the Progressive Party. McLeod was appointed as Manitoba's Provincial Secretary and Municipal Commissioner on August 8, 1922. He gave up the former position on December 3, 1923.
McLeod was re-elected in the 1927 election, defeating Conservative challenger J. Arthur Ross by 324 votes. He was retained as Municipal Commissioner, and was appointed Provincial Secretary for a second time on December 31, 1929. On May 27, 1932, he was also appointed as Manitoba's Railway Commissioner.
McLeod defeated Ross again in the 1932 election, and was retained in all three cabinet positions. He was still a member of the government at the time of his death in Winnipeg in 1935.
# Nanjing Tech University

Nanjing Tech University (南京工业大学) is a provincial public technological university in Nanjing, Jiangsu, China. It is affiliated with the Province of Jiangsu. The school was established in 2001 by the merger of the former Nanjing Chemical Engineering University (南京化工大学) and the former Nanjing Architectural Engineering College (南京建筑工程学院).

## Schools and colleges

* College of Safety Science and Engineering
* School of Environmental Science and Engineering
* College of Materials Science and Engineering
* College of Chemical Engineering
* School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
* College of Electrical Engineering and Control Science
* School of Mechanical and Power Engineering
* School of Energy Science and Engineering
* School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
* College of Architecture
* College of Art and Design
* School of Economics and Management
* School of Law
* School of Marxism
* School of Foreign Languages and Literature
* School of Physical Education
* College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering
* College of Food Science and Light Industry
* School of Computer Science and Technology
* School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences
* School of Geometrics Science and Technology
* College of Urban Construction
* College of Transportation Engineering
* College of Civil Engineering
* School of 2011
* College of Overseas Education
* Institute of Advanced Materials
# Churchill–Cope reflex

The Churchill–Cope reflex is a reflex in which distension of the pulmonary vascular bed, as occurs in pulmonary edema, causes an increase in respiratory rate (tachypnoea) by stimulation of the juxtacapillary (J) receptors.
It was described in 1929 by Edward Delos Churchill and Oliver Cope.
# Robin Coger

Robin Noelle Coger is an American biomedical engineer and academic administrator, formerly the provost and senior vice chancellor for academic affairs at East Carolina University. Her research as a biomedical engineer has focused on artificial organs and particularly on liver support systems.

## Education and career

Coger majored in mechanical engineering at Cornell University, graduating in 1988. She went to the University of California, Berkeley for graduate study in mechanical engineering, earning a master's degree in 1990 and completing her doctorate there in 1993.
She was a postdoctoral researcher at the Harvard Medical School and Massachusetts General Hospital before joining the faculty at the University of North Carolina at Charlotte in 1996. At the University of North Carolina, she founded the Center for Biomedical Engineering Science, and served as interim department chair. In 2011, she moved to North Carolina A&T State University to become dean of engineering and professor of mechanical engineering. In 2022 she moved again, to her her most recent administrative position as provost and senior vice chancellor for academic affairs at East Carolina University.
Coger is African American, and has chaired the Council of Engineering Deans of Historically Black Colleges and Universities.

## Recognition

Coger was named an ASME Fellow and a Fellow of the American Institute for Medical and Biological Engineering "for significant contributions in building biomedical engineering programs, and in the fields of liver tissue engineering and biopreservation", both in 2010.
In 2019, she was featured on the cover of US Black Engineer magazine, which called her "a true visionary leader", and highlighted the program she headed as the country's "top producer of Black engineers".
# Joseph-Ludger Fillion

Joseph-Ludger Fillion (May 17, 1895 – September 12, 1971) was a Canadian provincial politician.
Born in Alma, Quebec, Fillion was the member of the Legislative Assembly of Quebec for Lac-Saint-Jean from 1931 to 1935 and from 1939 to 1948.
# Radha Kumar

Radha Kumar is an Indian feminist, academic and author. Her work focuses on ethnic conflicts and peace processes from a strongly feminist perspective.

## Early life

Kumar is the daughter of Lovraj Kumar, a former bureaucrat and the economic historian Dr Dharma Kumar. While Lovraj Kumar belongs to Uttarakhand, Dharma hails from a Tamil Brahmin family from south India. Radha Kumar grew up in Delhi and studied in Modern School (New Delhi).
She studied for her master's degree in English Literature at Newnham College, Cambridge, (the college at which her mother had previously studied), before taking her PhD at Jawaharlal Nehru University.

## Career

Kumar has written several books on a wide range of subjects, mostly dealing with gender issues in a conflict situation. Usually, the conflicts that she has chosen to address in this manner have involved a Muslim party or a communist party or both of these. Kumar has been a director at the Nelson Mandela Centre for Peace and Conflict Resolution at Jamia Milia Islamia, a Muslim minority institution located in Delhi. She is also co-founder and Director-General of the Delhi Policy Group, a think-tank which has received generous funding from US-based agencies including the Ford Foundation.
Kumar, along with over 40 historians, economists, academics, activists, artists, entrepreneurs, lawyers, and media personalities from 13 countries will speak at the South Asia Union Summit Led by Women which will be held virtually from October 2–3, 2021. This goal of the summit is to discuss solutions for peace, social justice and gender equality.

## Kashmir interlocutor panel

In October 2010, Kumar was appointed as one of the three interlocutors for Jammu and Kashmir appointed by the Cabinet Committee on Security (CCS) of the Central Government of India. The panel was headed by Dilip Padgaonkar, former editor of the Times of India. and the other member was M.M. Ansari, a former Election Commissioner of India.
Within a few weeks of the panel's constitution, and after private hints had failed, a public reprimand was issued to the panel by P. Chidambaram, home minister of India, for speaking too freely and too frequently to the press; and also for pushing various schemes and solutions, when the assigned job of the panel was to gauge and summarize the views and ideas of Kashmiri society. All of these criticisms pertained to actions taken by Kumar. Her reaction to the reprimand was to tell the press that the home minister (who had appointed the panel) had no business to tell the interlocutors what they should do.

## Published works

* Divide and Fall?: Bosnia in the Annals of Partition
* Negotiating Peace in Deeply Divided Societies: A Set of Simulations
* Making Peace with Partition
* The History of Doing: An Illustrated Account of Movements for Women's Rights and Feminism in India 1800–1990
* Bosnia-Herzegovina: Between War and Peace(Co editor)
* Frameworks For A Kashmir Settlement
* Paradise at war: A political history of Kashmir
# Green Tunisia Party

The Green Tunisia Party (Arabic: تونس الخضراء; French: Parti Tunisie Verte), is a Green political party in Tunisia. Legalized only since the Tunisian Revolution in 2011, it participated in the Popular Front coalition until 2014.

## History

Founded in 2004 by Abdelkader Zitouni, the party remained illegal under the rule of Zine El Abidine Ben Ali, instead being countered by the newly founded bloc party Green Party for Progress. During this time, it was however internationally recognized by the European Green Party and the Global Greens.
The party was finally one of the three political parties legalized on 17 January 2011. Green Tunisia participated in the foundation of left-wing Popular Front coalition in 2012, but left on 16 May 2014, denouncing the hegemony of Workers' Party leader Hamma Hammami.
# RAF West Kirby

Royal Air Force West Kirby or more simply RAF West Kirby is a former Royal Air Force basic training camp near West Kirby, Cheshire, later Merseyside, England.

## Location

The camp at Larton, then in Cheshire, was actually located 3 mi (4.8 km) from West Kirby village, from which it took its name. The camp entrance was on Saughall Massie Road, almost opposite Oldfield Lane.

## History

It was set up at the beginning of the Second World War, as a basic training camp, to train new recruits for the Royal Air Force. Known as a "square bashing camp" in the vernacular, it was the very first base (after kitting out at RAF Cardington) of most personnel there during the 1940s to 1960, although the final passing out parade took place on 20 December 1957. Most of the personnel were newly called up in the rank of AC2, the very lowest rank in the RAF, for their 2 years National Service in the British armed forces.
At this RAF Station, the men were given their initial training on their first entry into the RAF which included first learning the RAF parade ground drill. With rifles, intensive physical fitness training in ground combat and defense under non-commissioned officers of the RAF Regiment, and some education about the RAF and its history. Men, while undergoing their basic training at West Kirby, were accommodated in wooden barrack huts, each one housing about twenty men. Because West Kirby was a basic training camp, with no airfield there, discipline was very much stricter than in any normal RAF operational or trade training camp.
Recruits normally spent a period of eight weeks, (later on 6 weeks) on their training at West Kirby before being posted on to their "trade training" camp elsewhere in the United Kingdom. Approximately 150,000 conscripts went through its gates up until 1960, when the camp was demolished and the land converted back into farming fields. A dedication plaque was installed, where the camp entrance used to be, in 2004. Later, a commemorative stone was installed.

## Gallery

* RAF West Kirby Monument.
* Woodland at the site of RAF West Kirby.
* Pathway at the site of RAF West Kirby.
# Test of Nobility

Nagana szlachectwa (Latin: 'Vituperatio nobilitatis'), literally reprobation/reprimand/censure of nobility, also translated by Norman Davies as Test of Nobility was a legal procedure of the revocation of nobility in the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth.

## Description

Due to the absence of formalized heraldry laws and lineage in early Poland, nobility of a person was tested in a regular court. The confirmation of nobility was based on calling for a certain number of witnesses. In Poland this was in accordance with the 1633 statute, in Lithuania by Chapter 3, Article 22 of the 1588 Statute. The latter demanded two witnesses each from the maternal and paternal side. The penalty for perjury was being stripped of one's own szlachta status, by the Constitution of 1601.
In case of the successful nagana, the accuser earned up to half of the property of the accused, with the other half going to the state. The justice was highly prone to miscarriage, in particular, to abusive ennoblement Therefore, this procedure was gradually restricted in various ways. After 1581, the procedures took place before either the Crown Tribunal or the Lithuanian Tribunal.
Norman Davies conjectures that this practice was among the factors leading to the establishment of a unique Polish practice of heraldic clans. It is also asserted that this practice led to development of extensive personal archiving and archive research among Polish nobility.
# Chico Silva (footballer, born 1978)

Francisco Miguel Soares Silva (born 9 May 1978 in Lamego, Viseu District), known as Chico Silva, is a Portuguese retired footballer who played as a left-back.
His older brother, Jorge, was also a footballer.
# Nandalalpur Union

Nandalalpur Union (Bengali: নন্দলালপুর ইউনিয়ন) is a union parishad situated at Kumarkhali Upazila, in Kushtia District, Khulna Division of Bangladesh. The union has an area of 69.93 square kilometres (27.00 sq mi) and as of 2001 had a population of 40,138. There are 20 villages and 19 mouzas in the union.
# Embassy of Colombia, Lima

The Embassy of Colombia in Lima is the diplomatic mission of the Republic of Colombia in the Republic of Peru. It is headed by the ambassador of Colombia to Peru. It is located in the San Isidro district in a building it shares with the delegation of the European Union to Peru.

## History

On February 18, 1933, due to the then ongoing Colombia–Peru War, the Colombian minister's residence was attacked by Peruvians, who rioted outside of the building and ultimately entered and looted it.
In 1948, Ambassador Carlos Echeverri Cortés drew the wrath of President Manuel Arturo Odría Amoretti and his administration when he gave political asylum to Víctor Raúl Haya de la Torre in the embassy. For five years the Government mounted a military blockade around the Colombian Embassy where Haya was housed, and harassed embassy staff and personnel, because the Colombian Government refuse to give Haya up and the Peruvian Government refused to grant safe conduct for Haya to leave the country.
The former chancery, located at 1580 Jorge Basadre Grohmann Avenue, is currently occupied by the embassy of Hungary to Peru. In 2014, it flew its flag at half-mast due to the death of Gabriel García Márquez.
# Bole, Ghana

Bole is a small town and is the capital of Bole district, a district in the Savannah Region of northern Ghana. Bole is connected by road to the town of Sawla and the town of Bamboi. Bole is home to the Bole District Hospital and post office. The Bole District covers an area of 4800 km2 land mass and has a population of about 87,656.

## History

Bole was founded as a trading center by Soninke Wangara immigrants, the same group that were the progenitors of the Dyula of Begho, Bouna, Bondoukou and Kong. The town was located on an important regional trade route for kola nuts linking the Manding region with Hausaland. In 1818 Bole fought a war against the Ashanti Empire. When they lost, the victors deposed the ruling Timite family of imams and replaced them with the Kamaghate.

## Institutions

* Bole Senior High School
* Bole District Police Command
* Bole District Government Hospital
* Nkilgi FM

## Notable natives

* John Dramani Mahama

## Climate

Climate data for Bole (1991–2020) :
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 39.6 (103.3) | 41.5 (106.7) | 41.5 (106.7) | 41.0 (105.8) | 38.5 (101.3) | 36.1 (97.0) | 34.4 (93.9) | 34.0 (93.2) | 33.8 (92.8) | 36.0 (96.8) | 38.1 (100.6) | 39.0 (102.2) | 41.5 (106.7) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 35.5 (95.9) | 37.0 (98.6) | 37.0 (98.6) | 35.0 (95.0) | 33.2 (91.8) | 31.2 (88.2) | 29.7 (85.5) | 29.2 (84.6) | 30.2 (86.4) | 32.2 (90.0) | 34.3 (93.7) | 35.1 (95.2) | 33.3 (91.9) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 26.8 (80.2) | 29.1 (84.4) | 30.4 (86.7) | 29.6 (85.3) | 28.3 (82.9) | 26.8 (80.2) | 25.7 (78.3) | 25.4 (77.7) | 25.9 (78.6) | 26.9 (80.4) | 27.0 (80.6) | 26.2 (79.2) | 27.3 (81.1) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 18.1 (64.6) | 21.1 (70.0) | 23.7 (74.7) | 24.1 (75.4) | 23.4 (74.1) | 22.4 (72.3) | 21.8 (71.2) | 21.6 (70.9) | 21.5 (70.7) | 21.6 (70.9) | 19.7 (67.5) | 17.3 (63.1) | 21.4 (70.5) |
| Record low °C (°F) | 11.0 (51.8) | 13.5 (56.3) | 15.6 (60.1) | 19.2 (66.6) | 19.2 (66.6) | 18.7 (65.7) | 18.7 (65.7) | 18.0 (64.4) | 17.2 (63.0) | 15.0 (59.0) | 9.5 (49.1) | 10.1 (50.2) | 9.5 (49.1) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 3.2 (0.13) | 15.9 (0.63) | 46.0 (1.81) | 104.7 (4.12) | 128.9 (5.07) | 139.6 (5.50) | 137.2 (5.40) | 155.4 (6.12) | 198.7 (7.82) | 111.0 (4.37) | 18.5 (0.73) | 4.2 (0.17) | 1,063.3 (41.86) |
| Average precipitation days (≥ 1.0 mm) | 0.2 | 1.0 | 3.5 | 6.3 | 8.5 | 9.5 | 9.2 | 9.9 | 14.1 | 9.0 | 1.8 | 0.3 | 73.3 |
| Mean monthly sunshine hours | 255.0 | 228.2 | 228.2 | 225.0 | 232.8 | 180.3 | 151.5 | 133.0 | 155.2 | 230.1 | 243.9 | 244.1 | 2,507.3 |
| Source: NOAA ||||||||||||||
# Ehrenkirchen

Ehrenkirchen is a municipality in the district of Breisgau-Hochschwarzwald in Baden-Württemberg, Germany.

## History

The villages of Ehrenstetten, Kirchhofen, Norsingen, Offnadingen, and Scherzingen were properties of Saint Blaise Abbey, Black Forest until 1806, when they were mediatized to the Grand Duchy of Baden. They were assigned to the district of Staufen im Breisgau until 1936, when they were reassigned to the district of Freiburg im Breisgau. As part of the 1973 Baden-Württemberg district reform [de], they were assigned to the new district of Breisgau-Hochschwarzwald. Over 1973 and 1974, the five villages merged into a single municipality, Ehrenkirchen, whose name was a combination of the largest towns, Ehrenstetten and Kirchhofen.

## Geography

The municipality (Gemeinde) of Ehrenkirchen is located in the Breisgau-Hochschwarzwald district of Baden-Württemberg, a state of the Federal Republic of Germany. It is 13 kilometers (8.1 mi) south of Freiburg im Breisgau, the capital of the region to which it is assigned. The municipal area is physically located in the Markgräflerland, along the Möhlin, a tributary of the Rhine. Elevation above sea level in the municipal area ranges from a high of 913 meters (2,995 ft) Normalnull (NN) at the top of the Stutzkopf to a low of 213 meters (699 ft) NN on the Möhlin.
The Federally-protected Ölberg Ehrenstetten nature reserve is located in Ehrenkirchen's municipal area.

## Politics

Ehrenkirchen has five boroughs (Ortsteile): Ehrenstetten, Kirchhofen, Norsingen, Offnadingen, and Scherzingen.

### Coat of arms

The municipal coat of arms for Ehrenkirchen displays two images inspired by aspects of the municipality and its history, impaled upon the same blazon. The left image is of wine grapes, in yellow, above a yellow three-pointed hill upon a field of red. These images refer to the regional history of viticulture, particularly on the slopes of the Batzenberg [de], Kirchberg and Ölberg. The right image displays a blue stag, standing and facing to the left, upon a field of yellow. The stag is taken from the coat of arms of Saint Blaise Abbey, whose tincture was also used for Ehrenkirchen's, but spread around to abide by the rule of tincture. The coat of arms was approved for official use by Breisgau-Hochschwarzwald district office on 21 March 1977.

## Economy

The economy of Ehrenkirchen is based on tourism, viticulture, and an industrial sector that has been growing since the 1990s.

### Transportation

Ehrenkirchen is connected to Germany's network of roadways by Bundesstraße 3 and to its railways by the Mannheim–Karlsruhe–Basel railway, which has a stop in Norsingen.
# Friedenweiler

Friedenweiler is a town in the district of Breisgau-Hochschwarzwald in Baden-Württemberg in southern Germany. It is 10 km north of Titisee-Neustadt.
# Paul Coker

Paul Coker Jr. (March 5, 1929 – July 23, 2022) was an American illustrator. He worked in many media, including Mad, character design for Rankin-Bass TV specials, greeting cards, and advertising.

## Career

Coker was born in Lawrence, Kansas, the son of Bernice (Rutherford) and Paul Coker. One of his first professional works was in 1946 when he designed Chesty Lion, the mascot for Lawrence High School. His first appearance in Mad was in 1961; he went on to illustrate over 375 articles for the magazine. Beginning in 1967, Coker was a production designer on more than a dozen Rankin/Bass specials and shorts, including Frosty the Snowman, Santa Claus Is Comin' to Town, The Year Without a Santa Claus, Rudolph's Shiny New Year and The Easter Bunny Is Comin' to Town. In 1968, he illustrated the Mad paperback "MAD for Better or Verse"; written by Frank Jacobs, it was the first of eight all-new paperbacks drawn by Coker. In 2002, the magazine also published a collection of "Horrifying Cliches", the long-running feature that featured Coker art. Coker collaborated with writer Don Edwing on two comic strips: "Lancelot" and "Horace and Buggy".

## Works
### Rankin/Bass Productions

* The Wacky World of Mother Goose (1967) (uncredited)
* Cricket on the Hearth (1967)
* Frosty the Snowman (1969)
* The Reluctant Dragon & Mr. Toad Show (1970)
* Santa Claus is Comin' to Town (1970)
* Here Comes Peter Cottontail (1971)
* The Enchanted World of Danny Kaye (1972)
* The Red Baron (1972)
* Mad Mad Mad Monsters (1972) (uncredited)
* Festival of Family Classics (1972–73)
* 'Twas the Night Before Christmas (1974)
* The Year Without a Santa Claus (1974)
* Rudolph's Shiny New Year (1976)
* The First Easter Rabbit (1976)
* Frosty's Winter Wonderland (1976)
* The Easter Bunny is Comin' to Town (1977)
* Nestor, the Long-Eared Christmas Donkey (1977)
* The Stingiest Man in Town (1978)
* Rudolph and Frosty's Christmas in July (1979)
* Jack Frost (1979)
* Pinocchio's Christmas (1980)
* The Leprechauns' Christmas Gold (1981)
* Santa, Baby! (2001)
# Hausen an der Möhlin

Hausen an der Möhlin is a village in the district of Breisgau-Hochschwarzwald in Baden-Württemberg. Since September 1973, it is an Ortsteil of Bad Krozingen.

## Gallery

* Church St. Johannes
* Town Hall and Church St. Johannes
* Hausen
# National Route 807 (Costa Rica)

National Tertiary Route 807, or just Route 807 (Spanish: Ruta Nacional Terciaria 807, or Ruta 807) is a National Road Route of Costa Rica, located in the Limón province.

## Description

In Limón province the route covers Matina canton (Carrandi district).
# Doug Corbett

Douglas Mitchell Corbett (born November 4, 1952) is an American former Major League Baseball (MLB) relief pitcher who played for the Minnesota Twins, California Angels and Baltimore Orioles between 1980 and 1987.

## Early years

Doug Corbett was born in Sarasota, Florida, in 1952. He attended Sarasota High School, and played high school baseball for the Sarasota Sailors.

## College career

Corbett accepted an athletic scholarship to attend the University of Florida in Gainesville, Florida, where he played for coach Dave Fuller's Florida Gators baseball team from 1971 to 1974. In 1972, he played collegiate summer baseball with the Harwich Mariners of the Cape Cod Baseball League and was named a league all-star. He was a recognized as a first-team All-Southeastern Conference selection as a pitcher in 1974. Corbett graduated from the University of Florida with a bachelor's degree in exercise and sport science in 1974, and was inducted into the University of Florida Athletic Hall of Fame as a "Gator Great" in 1996.

## Professional career

In his rookie season with the Twins, Corbett saved twenty-three games and placed third in the Major League Baseball Rookie of the Year Award voting in the American League. The following year, he was elected to the American League All-Star team.