OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Etxebarri

Etxebarri, Doneztebeko Elizatea (Spanish: Etxebarri, Anteiglesia de San Esteban) is a town and municipality located in the province of Biscay, in the Autonomous Basque Community, in the North of Spain.
Since 13 January 2005, the name of "Etxebarri, Doneztebeko Elizatea" has been changed officially to "Etxebarri" to simplify the name. It translates as "new home/house" (etxe "home", barri "new"). Prior to the introduction of Standard Basque, the town's name was spelled Echevarri.
Etxebarri has an area of 33.38 square kilometres and a population of 11,563 people (2019), with a density of 346 inhabitants/km$^2$.
Being so close to Bilbao (1.5 kilometres) has had a direct effect on Etxebarri. Until a few decades ago, Etxebarri was a small nucleus in which its rural population worked in industrial areas. Both the population and the industrial land increased considerably because of the congestion of Bilbao and the need for space for the installation of industries. Therefore, there was a significant increase in new population in the locality. In addition, since 2004, the Metro Bilbao underground train has reached Etxebarri. In fact, the threshold stipulated for the town in 2012 is about 10,000 inhabitants. It has a metro station of the Bilbao metro rapid transit service and a train station of the commuter rail service Euskotren Trena.
# Vitebsk Voivodeship

Vitebsk Voivodeship (Belarusian: Віцебскае ваяводзтва; Polish: Województwo witebskie; Latin: Palatinatus Vitebsciensis) was a unit of administrative division and local government in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania (from 1569 Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth) from the 15th century until the partitions of Poland in 1795.

## History

Zygmunt Gloger in his monumental book Historical Geography of the Lands of Old Poland provides this description of the Witebsk Voivodeship:
“Witebsk (in Latin Vitebscum), located on the Dvina river, was one of main gord of the Principality of Polotsk. In the second half of the 12th century, it emerged as a local center of government. Conquered by one of the sons of Mindaugas in ca. 1239, it became a permanent part of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania since the times of Gediminas. In ca. 1342 Witebsk was already the seat of a starosta, who in the early 16th century were named voivodes. First voivode of Witebsk was Jerzy Chlebowicz (...)
The Dvina river divided the voivodeship into two parts, of which northern one was smaller. Since the town of Witebsk was located in the middle of a sparsely populated province, at first the voivodeship was not divided into counties. Later on, however, the County of Orsza, which had been part of Smolensk Voivodeship, was attached to Witebsk Voivodeship (...) Witebsk Voivodeship remained in the Commonwealth until September 1772, when most of it was annexed by the Russian Empire. What remained was southern part of the Land of Orsza, which belonged to the Grand Duchy of Lithuania until 1793 (...)
Starostas resided at Witebsk and Orsza, while local sejmiks took place in both towns. Altogether, Witebsk Voivodeship elected four deputies to the Sejm - two from each county. After the first partition, the sejmiks were moved to the town of Cholopienicze, located in Minsk Voivodeship”.

## Administration

Voivodeship Governor (Wojewoda) seat:
* Vitebsk
Voivodes: Samuel Sanguszko (1629- XI 1638), Paweł Jan Sapieha (15 VIII 1646-)
Administrative division:
* since the Truce of Andrusovo (1667), Vitebsk Voivodeship consisted of two counties (powiats): Witebsk and Orsza. The first was lost to the Russian Empire in 1772, and only a little part of the second belonged to the Commonwealth until 1793.

## Sources

* Witebsk Voivodeship, description by Zygmunt Gloger
55°11′53″N 30°10′39″E﻿ / ﻿55.197983°N 30.177482°E﻿ / 55.197983; 30.177482
# Helmut Beumann

Helmut Karl Otto Beumann (23 October 1912, Braunschweig – 14 August 1995, Marburg) was a German historian.

## Biography

Beumann was the son of a civil servant and grew up in Bernburg. In 1931 he began studying history, German studies, philosophy, and Latin at Leipzig University. In 1932 he moved to Berlin and studied with Robert Holtzmann; he received his doctorate after a dissertation on the deeds and writs of the bishops of Halberstadt. At the Archiveschule in Berlin he met Carl Erdmann, whom he later praised as the "master of textual criticism and the history of ideas which it founded".
Beumann was a member of the Nazi Party, and in World War II fought on the Eastern front in 1941/42. He earned his habilitation in 1944 under Edmund E. Stengel at the University of Marburg, with a historical study of Widukind of Corvey.
After the war he became a privatdozent in Marburg, and in 1956 accepted a position at the University of Bonn. He returned to Marburg in 1964, to succeed Heinrich Büttner as professor. He became a corresponding member of the Monumenta Germaniae Historica in 1968, and was a founding member of the Constance Working Group for Medieval History, of which he became chairman in 1972. He retired as emeritus professor in 1981. Beumann's specialization was the Ottonian dynasty; his monograph on the dynasty was in its fifth edition in 2000.
Beumann was a corresponding member of the Austrian Academy of Sciences (1969), the Akademie der Wissenschaften und der Literatur of Mainz (1974), and the Braunschweigische Wissenschaftliche Gesellschaft (1984), and a member of the Historical Committee of the Bavarian Academy of Sciences and Humanities (1971), whose department of Jahrbücher der Deutschen Geschichte he led since 1979. In 1984 he was raised by Hans Krollmann to the Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany; in 1987 he was recognized by the state of Baden-Württemberg. In 1988 he was given an honorary doctorate by University of Graz. He was president of the committee for the publication of the Regesta Imperii. Beumann is credited with raising Marburg's reputation to one of the best universities in Germany for the research and teaching of the Middle Ages.

## Publications
### Monographs

* Die Ottonen. 5th edition. Stuttgart, 2000, ISBN 3-17-016473-2.
* Widukind von Korvei. Untersuchungen zur Geschichtsschreibung und Ideengeschichte des 10. Jahrhunderts. Weimar, 1950.

### Edited collections

* Heidenmission und Kreuzzugsgedanke in der deutschen Ostpolitik des Mittelalters. Darmstadt, 1973.
* With Werner Schröder: Aspekte der Nationenbildung im Mittelalter. Ergebnisse der Marburger Rundgespräche 1972–1975. Sigmaringen, 1978. ISBN 3-7995-6101-3.
* With Werner Schröder: Frühmittelalterliche Ethnogenesen im Alpenraum. Sigmaringen, 1985. ISBN 3-7995-6105-6.
# Kurt Loos

Kurt Camillo Loos (25 January 1859 – 27 July 1933) was a German forester and ornithologist active in Bohemia. Loos was a founder of bird-ringing in Bohemia and was involved in founding a ringing station and a scientific organization in Prague called Lotos which also produced a periodical of the same name.

## Biography

Loos was born in Brunndöbra, Klingenthal, the son of Karl Friedrich Moritz Loos who was a teacher at the church school. When the family moved to Arnoldsgrün and he went to the secondary school at Plauen where he was a contemporary of Franz Helm with whom he spent time outdoors. His brother P. A. Loos later became German Vice consul in Argentina. He then studied natural sciences at the Leipzig University and worked as a forest officer in the Karlsfeld district. He trained at the Tharandt Forest Academy after which he worked at Königstein and then Schlenau, Bohemia, from 1881 to 1898. The Liběchov district was then put under his charge and he established a ringing station on the Elbe river and founded the Lotos Natural Science Society in Prague who published a periodical called Lotos which ran from 1914 to 1931. He also observed individual pairs of birds over a long duration and produced a monograph on the life of the black woodpecker in 1910 and on the eagle owl in Bohemia (1906). He retired in 1926 and lived in Liběchov. He died in Mendoza, Argentina where he was visiting his brother who was the German Vice consul. He was buried in Liběchov.
# Tour Mélusine

The Tour Mélusine is the keep of a former castle in the commune of Vouvant in the département of Vendée in France.

## History

This keep and watchtower, built at the end of the 12th century or the beginning of the 13th century (very often dated 1242, even if this is probably wrong because of architectural techniques and features), is the only vestige of the ancient castle of the Lords of Lusignan built in the present location of the "Place du Bail". This castle was separated from the fortified town of Vouvant by a moat. A chapel, long gone, was leaning against the tower.
Like all of the Lusignan's castles, legend holds that it was built in a single night by the fairy Melusine "de trois dornées de pierres et d'une goulée d'Ève" ("from three apronfuls of stones and a mouthful of water").
This tower, 45 m high from the ditch and with its cylindrical shape, is original from that time. Indeed, the majority of the castles of this region and of this time are of the "Niortais" style (a square tower with round towers at each corner).
The keep has a square base, which indicates the height of the curtain wall that surrounded the courtyard of the castle, which is today the Place du Bail ("bail" meaning "fortified enclosure").
The tower has been protected as a monument historique by the French Ministry of Culture since 1927.

## Architecture

The Tour Mélusine consists of a total of five levels:
* The ground floor of the tower was used as a cellar for storing food supplies. It is not accessible to the public.
* The second level was originally accessible by a mobile ladder, now replaced by a stone staircase.
* The third and fourth levels are accessible by a metal staircase (previously made of stone) and each has a vaulted dome. The third level allowed access to the wall walk.
* The fifth and final level corresponds to the terrace at the top, hence a view of the fortified city, the forest of Mervent-Vouvant and the surroundings is impressive.

## Gallery

* View from the "place du Bail"
* View from the west moat
* View from the north moat
* View below it
* The top of the tower
* View from the bridge over the Mère river
# Château de Verdelles

The Château de Verdelles is a historic castle in Poillé-sur-Vègre, Sarthe, Pays de la Loire, France.

## History

The castle was completed in 1490.

## Architectural significance

It has been listed as an official monument since 1922.
# Chen Be-yue

Chen Be-yue (Chinese: 陳碧玉; pinyin: Chén Bìyù; born 14 July 1948) is a Taiwanese member of the Council of Grand Justices, the constitutional court of the Republic of China on Taiwan. She was confirmed to this position in June 2011.

## Career

Chen was a judge in Taiwan, but resigned from her position in 1983 and emigrated to the United States. She returned to Taiwan and was reinstated as a judge in 1996 by the Judicial Yuan. She went on to become a justice of the Supreme Court and later head of the Judicial Personnel Study Center. She stated that she is most proud of her work in translating judicial rulings and expanding the role of women in the judiciary.
Chen was nominated to the Council of Grand Justices in April 2011 by President Ma Ying-jeou. Members of the Legislative Yuan questioned Ma's decision, as Chen had previously been a U.S. citizen and had also obtained a U.S. green card again for a short period while serving on the Supreme Court. The controversy over Chen's green card led opposition Democratic Progressive Party legislators to propose amendments to previously tabled legislation to disallow public servants from holding permanent residency in foreign countries. However, lawmakers eventually confirmed Chen along with Ma's three other judicial nominees on 14 June 2011. Chen would step down from the Constitutional Court on 30 September 2019.

## Personal life

Chen attended National Chengchi University in Taipei, where she earned an LL.B. degree in 1971 and an LL.M. in 1976. She emigrated from Taiwan to the United States in 1983; while living there, she completed a M.B.A. at Georgia's Augusta College (the predecessor of Augusta State University) in 1989. She naturalized as a U.S. citizen in 1992. She later returned to Taiwan, and relinquished U.S. citizenship in 1996 upon her reinstatement as a judge there.
Her daughter continues to reside in the United States; Chen later obtained permanent residence status again in the United States in January 2008, so she could aid in raising her newborn granddaughter without worrying about visa issues (as Taiwan was not a member of the United States' Visa Waiver Program at that time); however, she cancelled her permanent resident status in September 2009.
# Yuriy Krymarenko

Yuriy Oleksandrovych Krymarenko (Ukrainian: Юрій Олександрович Кримаренко; born August 11, 1983) is a Ukrainian high jumper. His personal best performance is 2.33 m.

## Career

Krymarenko won a gold medal in the 2005 World Championships in Athletics, clearing the height of 2.32 m which was the lowest winning result for men's high jump since 1983. The favorites of the contest, most notably Swede Stefan Holm, failed to jump over more than 2.29 m. Krymarenko had started the 2005 season with a silver medal in the European Under 23 Championships in Erfurt, Germany, where he was beaten by the Czech Republic's Jaroslav Bába.
He finished 33rd in the 2008 Summer Olympics with a jump of 2.15 m.

## Competition record

| Year | Competition | Venue | Position | Notes |
| Representing Ukraine |||||
| 2005 | European U23 Championships | Erfurt, Germany | 3rd | 2.27 m |
| 2005 | World Championships | Helsinki, Finland | 1st | 2.32 m |
| 2005 | Universiade | İzmir, Turkey | 6th | 2.20 m |
| 2007 | World Championships | Osaka, Japan | 21st (q) | 2.26 m |
| 2008 | Olympic Games | Beijing, China | 33rd (q) | 2.15 m |
| 2009 | World Championships | Berlin, Germany | 18th (q) | 2.24 m |
| 2010 | World Indoor Championships | Doha, Qatar | 9th (q) | 2.26 m |
| 2013 | European Indoor Championships | Gothenburg, Sweden | 11th (q) | 2.23 m |
| 2013 | World Championships | Moscow, Russia | 19th (q) | 2.22 m |
| 2014 | European Championships | Zürich, Switzerland | 6th | 2.26 m |
| 2015 | European Indoor Championships | Prague, Czech Republic | 14th (q) | 2.24 m |
| 2015 | World Championships | Beijing, China | 28th (q) | 2.22 m |
| 2016 | European Championships | Amsterdam, Netherlands | 18th (q) | 2.23 m |
# Wayne County Community College District

Wayne County Community College District (WCCCD), commonly known as WC3, is a public community college district with its headquarters in Detroit, Michigan. It was founded in 1967 and has six campuses: Eastern, Downtown, Downriver, Northwest, Western, and University Square.

## Governance

The college is governed by a nine-member board of trustees, three seats are elected every two years for six-year terms.

## Campuses

The Downriver Campus is located on 100 acres (0.40 km$^2$) in Taylor, Michigan, and was built in 1978.
The Northwest Campus, located in northwest Detroit, was for many years located on Greenfield Road just south of Joy Road, less than half a mile from the Dearborn city line. In August 2008, the campus relocated to a new location at 8200 West Outer Drive, just west of the Southfield Freeway, at the former site of Mercy College of Detroit before it merged in 1990 with University of Detroit to become University of Detroit Mercy (UDM) and after the merger the UDM Dental School.
The district also has a 117-acre (0.47 km$^2$) western campus located at the corner of Haggerty and I-94 in Van Buren Township, Michigan. It was initially built in 1981 and as of 2008 is going through a 43,000-square-foot (4,000 m$^2$) expansion.
The downtown campus is located at 801 West Fort Street in downtown Detroit.
The Eastern Campus is located on Detroit's eastside. It is located at 5901 Connor Road just north of Warren Avenue, at the I-94 freeway exit.
The University Square campus at 19305 Vernier Road in Harper Woods opened in January 2009. The campus, known as the Grosse Pointe / Harper Woods Campus Center, was originally located by Eastland Mall in Harper Woods.

## District areas

Most areas of Wayne County are served by Wayne Community College District. Wayne County places that are not in-district include : Dearborn, Garden City, Highland Park, Livonia, Northville, Plymouth, and sections of Canton Township and Dearborn Heights.
# Gaspar Ibáñez de Segovia

Gaspar Ibáñez de Segovia Peralta y Mendoza (1628–1708) was a Spanish historian and bibliophile. He was marquis of Mondejar (Spanish: Marqués de Mondéjar) by right of his wife, Maria Gregoria de Mendoza y Aragon. He was a patron of the Jewish scholar Thomas de Pinedo.
* This biographical article about a Spanish historian is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
# Rudolf Staub

Rudolf Staub (19 January 1890 – 25 June 1961) was a Swiss field geologist who examined mountain formation and tectonics in the Alps. He produced high resolution maps including the first to indicate tectonic regions in the Swiss Alps and came up with ideas on mountain formation based on the idea that there were alternating tectonic forces, Polflucht and Poldrift as suggested by Alfred Wegener.
Staub was born in Glarus where his father ran a textile mill. After the death of his father, his mother managed the mill, but she too died before Staub reached twelve. After school at Trogen, he went to study mechanical engineering at ETH Zurich but he shifted to study geology at the University of Zurich. He studied under Albert Heim and Jakob Oberholzer and worked on his doctoral thesis under Johann Ulrich Grubenmann, examining the Bernina region using the idea nappes. He served in the army during World War I and mapped the Val Bregaglia. He then taught at the ETH Zurich from 1926 and became a full professor two years later, succeeding Hans Schardt. During World War II he headed the geological services unit of the Swiss Army, helping in the construction of dams for power production. In 1924 he on how the Alps were formed based on the work of Emile Argand. Some of his conclusions were not accepted even by Argand. Staub suggested the position of an orogenic arc, known as the "Castillian Bend", which was questioned by many others and it was largely forgotten until it was rediscovered in 2004 and identified as part of the orocline now called the Central Iberian arc. Staub owned a car, possessed private means to support himself, travelled widely, and was an able mountaineer unlike many of his contemporaries. Outside of the Alps, he also explored Italy, Spain and Morocco.
Staub received an Eduard Suess Medal. He found his final resting place in the cemetery of the 15th century mountain church of Fex-Crasta in the Fex Valley, which is a part of the municipality of Sils im Engadin/Segl, a village in the Swiss canton of Graubünden.
# Dennis Herbert, 1st Baron Hemingford

Dennis Henry Herbert, 1st Baron Hemingford, KBE, PC, DL (25 February 1869 – 10 December 1947) was a British Conservative politician.

## Life

Herbert was the eldest son of Reverend Henry Herbert, Rector of Hemingford Abbots in Huntingdonshire. He was elected to the House of Commons as Member of Parliament (MP) for Watford at the 1918 general election, a seat he held until 1943. From 1928 to 1929 he served as Deputy Chairman of Ways and Means and from 1931 to 1943 as Chairman of Ways and Means (Deputy Speaker of the House of Commons). Appointed a Knight Commander of the Order of the British Empire in 1929, Herbert was admitted to the Privy Council in 1933 and on 1 February 1943 he was raised to the peerage as Baron Hemingford, of Watford in the County of Hertford.
Lord Hemingford married Mary, daughter of Valentine Graeme Bell, on 9 June 1902. He died in December 1947, aged 78, and was succeeded in the barony by his son Dennis Herbert. Lady Hemingford died in 1966.
Between 1918 and 1943, Herbert lived in a Victorian villa at 36 Clarendon Road, Watford. This locally listed building was later used as a registry office until it was demolished in 2015 by Hertfordshire County Council to make way for a block of flats and offices.
A 1944 portrait of Herbert by the Scottish painter George Harcourt hangs in the Watford Museum, and there are also photographic portraits of Herbert by the high-society portrait photographers Bassano & Vandyk in the collection of the National Portrait Gallery in London.
# Hannes Irmer

Hannes Irmer (born c. 1988) is an American football offensive tackle for the Düsseldorf Panther of the German Football League.

## Football career

Hannes Irmer began playing football with the TFG TYPHOONS, the only German High School Football program. He later joined the Duesseldorf Panther in 2006. Since 2013 he lines up for the New Yorker Lions.

## 2011 IFAF World Cup

Hannes Irmer was in the Germany national team for the 2011 IFAF World Cup in Austria.
# Raja Shyama Sankar

Raja Shyama Sankar (1837 to 1893) was the Zamindar of Teota Estate of East Bengal. He was a capable landed aristocrat who invested in the development of agriculture and research.

## Biography

Sankar was born in 1837 in Teota Zamindar Family of Manikganj. His father was Tarini Sankar Chaudhuri was the Zamindar of the Teota Estate. He completed his education in Dhaka.
Sankar invested significant resources in improving agriculture and planting new crops. The investment came at significant financial cost to him and was contrary to the practices of his contemporary zamindars who were generally apathetic to the agricultural practices in their estates. In Dinajpur District, he tried to grow Ramie plant for its fiber but that ended in failure. His estate lost 20 thousand rupees in that experiment. He tried to farm a variety of sugarcanes. According to the District Magistrate and the Dacca gazetteer his experiments was usually met with indifference by the farmers. He and Parbati Sankar Roy Choudhury were known to be generous and considerate towards their tenants.
Sankar was a contributor and the Vice-President of the Theosophical Society. In the 1877 Delhi Durbar he was awarded the title of raja or Roy Bahadur by the Viceroy of India, Robert Bulwer-Lytton, 1st Earl of Lytton. He served as a member of the executive committee of the Indian Association from 1876 to 1877.
Sankar died in 1893.
# Zygomalas Museum

The Zygomalas Museum is a museum in Avlonas, Attica, Greece. It exhibits a collection of applied arts, traditional costumes and objects related to schools. The museum was established in 1937.
# Chuda Mani Regmi

Chuda Mani Upadhaya Regmi (Nepali: चूडामणि रेग्मी) is a Nepalese writer and linguist. He has published multiple books related to Nepali language.

## Early life and education

Regmi was born on 11 March 1937 (29 Chaitra 1993) in Wana, Sankhuwasabha district in eastern region of Nepal to father Pitambar Regmi and mother Khileswari Devi. He completed his schooling in Sanskrit language. For his IA degree in Benaras, he continued his Sanskrit studies and studied BA at Mahendra College in Biratnagar.

## Literary career

In 1968, he published the Nepali Bhashako Utpatti. Regmi, Satya Mohan Joshi, Pradip Rimal, Bihari Krishna Shrestha, and Sthirjunga Bahadur published Karnali Lok Sanskriti which won the Madan Puraskar, Nepal's highest literary honour. The prize money was divided among the authors. He played an active role in Jharro Andolan, a Nepali language movement.
He also taught at the Mechi Multiple Campus in Jhapa. He taught for 34 years until he retired in 2002.

## Awards

He has won various awards including the Mahakavi Devkota Puraskar (2015), the Gopal Pande Asim Award (2005), the Sajha Puraskar, and the Madan Puraskar.

## Notable works

* Nepali Sahitya ko Itihas
* Bhasa Bigyan
* Karnali Lok Sanskriti (Vol. 4 - Bhasa)
* Devkota
* Sajha Kavita
* Nepali Loksahitya
* Sinjali: Studies in Linguistic Behaviour

## Personal life

He married Bed Kumari Dahal on 11 December 1949 (26 Mangshir 2006) at the age of 13. They have 2 children (1 son and 1 daughter).