OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Tiffany Aching's Guide to Being a Witch

Tiffany Aching’s Guide to Being a Witch is a guide to witchcraft written from the in-world perspective of Discworld character Tiffany Aching, with annotations from other characters from the Discworld novels including the witches Granny Weatherwax and Nanny Ogg.

## Background

Tiffany Aching’s Guide to Being a Witch was written by Rhianna Pratchett, daughter of Discworld creator Terry Pratchett, and Gabrielle Kent, a children’s book author. It was illustrated by long-time official Discworld artist Paul Kidby. It is notably Rhianna’s first published Discworld work; she had previously written many things behind the scenes, including a screenplay for an adaptation of The Wee Free Men completed in 2014 that remains unproduced.
The book was published to celebrate twenty years of the character of Tiffany Aching, who first appeared in the 2003 Discworld novel The Wee Free Men. It is the first Discworld book to take place after the final novel in the series, The Shepherd's Crown, though the fictional manuscript was mostly written before the events of that book, allowing a deceased character to be present.
Tiffany Aching’s Guide was announced on 12 May, 2023 via social media. Originally scheduled for 26 October, its release was delayed by Typhoon Saola, and it was eventually published on 9 November, 2023. It was launched with an event at the British Library as part of the exhibition Fantasy: Realms of the Imagination on 27 October.
Like other Discworld tie-ins including Nanny Ogg's Cookbook, it is presented as though published in the fictional city of Ankh-Morpork. It makes reference to many characters and events from throughout the Discworld novels, though primarily from the Witches and Tiffany sub-series.
# GNU parallel

GNU parallel is a command-line utility for Linux and other Unix-like operating systems which allows the user to execute shell scripts or commands in parallel. GNU parallel is free software, written by Ole Tange in Perl. It is available under the terms of GPLv3.

## Usage

The most common usage is to replace the shell loop, for example
to the form of
where the file list contains arguments for do_something and where process_output may be empty.
Scripts using parallel are often easier to read than scripts using pexec.
The program parallel features also
* grouping of standard output and standard error so the output of the parallel running jobs do not run together;
* retaining the order of output to remain the same order as input;
* dealing nicely with filenames containing special characters such as space, single quote, double quote, ampersand, and UTF-8 encoded characters;
By default, parallel runs as many jobs in parallel as there are CPU cores.

## Examples

The above is the parallel equivalent to:
This searches in all files in the current directory and its subdirectories whose name end in .foo for occurrences of the string bar. The parallel command will work as expected unless a file name contains a newline. In order to avoid this limitation one may use:
The above command uses the null character to delimit file names.
The above command expands with as many arguments as the command line length permits, distributing them evenly among parallel jobs if required. This can lower process overhead for short-lived commands that take less time to finish than they do to launch.
The command above does the same as:
However, the former command which uses find/parallel/cp is more resource efficient and will not halt with an error if the expansion of *.ogg is too large for the shell.
# Cautín Province

Cautín Province (Spanish: Provincia de Cautín) is one of two provinces in the southern Chilean region of La Araucanía (IX), bounded on the north by Arauco and Malleco provinces, on the east by Argentina, on the south by Valdivia Province, and on the west by the Pacific Ocean. Its population at the 2012 census was of 692,582. The most important communes are Temuco, Villarrica, Padre Las Casas, and Nueva Imperial. Cattle, forestry, and agriculture make up most of Cautin's economy. Its climate is humid, rainy in winter, and generally warm in summer.

## History

Cautin province once formed part of the territory occupied by the Araucanian natives, and its present political existence dates from 1887. Cautín Province was the last area to be taken by Chile during the occupation of the Araucanía. Cautin is known for the 1971 Agrarian revolt.

## Tourism

The province of Cautín is known for its lakes and beaches. Perhaps best known internationally is the town of Pucón with its many recreational amenities on Villarrica Lake under the backdrop of the Villarrica Volcano. South of Villarrica on Calafquén Lake lies Licán Ray, another lakeside resort town. Saavedra is a popular beach on the Pacific coast.

## Economy

Cautín lies within the temperate agricultural and forest region of the south, and produces cereal crops such as wheat and oats. In Carahue, the potato cultivation has a significant position. In addition, cattle production is remarkable.

## Communes

The province of Cautín is divided into 21 communes (out of the 32 in the region):
* Temuco, provincial capital
* Carahue
* Cholchol
* Cunco
* Curarrehue
* Freire
* Galvarino
* Gorbea
* Lautaro
* Loncoche
* Melipeuco
* Nueva Imperial
* Padre Las Casas
* Perquenco
* Pitrufquén
* Pucón
* Saavedra
* Teodoro Schmidt
* Toltén
* Vilcún
* Villarrica

## Geography and demography

According to the 2002 census by the National Statistics Institute (INE), the province spans an area of 18,409 km$^2$ (7,108 sq mi) and had a population of 667,920 inhabitants (0 men and 0 women), giving it a population density of 36.3/km$^2$ (94/sq mi). It is the third most populated province in the country after Santiago and Concepción. Of these, 449,147 (67.2%) lived in urban areas and 218,773 (32.8%) in rural areas. Between the 1992 and 2002 censuses, the population grew by 15.5% (89,715 persons).
# Sanjad–Sakati syndrome

Sanjad–Sakati syndrome (Middle East syndrome) is a rare autosomal recessive genetic condition seen in offspring of Middle Eastern origin. It was first described in Saudi Arabia, but has been seen in Qatari, Kuwaiti, Omani and other children from the Middle East as well as elsewhere. The condition is caused by mutations or deletions in the TBCE gene of Chromosome No.1.
The condition is characterised by a triad of growth retardation and intellectual disability, hypoparathyroidism and dysmorphism.

## Presentation

Children with the Sanjad–Sakati syndrome have a triad of hypoparathyroidism (with episodes of hypocalcemia, hypocalcemic tetany and hypocalcemic seizures), severe intellectual disability and dysmorphism. Typically, children with this syndrome are born low-birth-weight due to intrauterine growth retardation. At birth, there is dysmorphism, which is later typified into the features described below. The child is stunted, often with demonstrable growth hormone deficiency and has moderate to severe intellectual disability, mainly as a consequence of repeated seizures brought on by the low blood ionic calcium levels. The immuno-reactive parathormone levels are low to undetectable, with low calcium and high phosphate levels in the blood.
Dysmorphism is most evident on the face, with the following features:
* Long narrow face
* Deep-set, small eyes
* Beaked nose
* Large, floppy ears
* Small head (microcephaly) and
* Thin lips with a long philtrum.

### Other features

Other features include:
* Stunting
* Small hands and feet with long, tapering fingers and clinodactyly
* Dental anomalies in the form of malalignment and malocclusion
In another study of six patients, there were low levels of IGF-1 and markedly retarded bone age.

## Genetics

This disorder is caused by an abnormality of the TBCE gene, the locus for which is on chromosome 1q42.3. The locus is a 230 kb region of gene with identified deletions and mutations in affected individuals. There are rare cases of the disorder not being due to a TBCE gene abnormality.

## Management

Management is mainly supportive by controlling seizures and blood calcium levels.

## History

First reported from Saudi Arabia in 1988, Sanjad–Sakati syndrome, also known as Hypoparathyroidism-Retardation-Dysmorphism (HRD) syndrome, or less commonly as the Middle East syndrome, is a very rare genetically inherited disorder seen in the Middle East and children of Middle Eastern origin elsewhere in the world. The condition is named after Sami A. Sanjad and Nadia Awni Sakati.
# Léon Leduc

Léon Leduc (December 12, 1832 – April 1, 1895) was a tanner and political figure in Quebec. He represented Richelieu in the Legislative Assembly of Quebec from 1881 to 1886 as a Conservative.
He was born in Notre-Dame de Montréal, Lower Canada, the son of Léon Leduc and Pélagie Papin. Leduc apprenticed as a tanner at Oshawa and entered business on his own in Montreal in 1854, later moving to Sorel where he opened a tannery. In 1860, he married Aglaé Claude. He was unsuccessful when he ran for reelection in 1886 and 1890, losing to Louis-Pierre-Paul Cardin each time. Leduc died in Sorel at the age of 62.
# Chatra Shah

Chatra Shah also Chhatra Shah, Ksatra Shah (Nepali: छत्र शाह; c. 1605–1606) was briefly King of the Gorkha Kingdom, in present-day Nepal in the Indian subcontinent, after the death of his father Purna Shah. He was the brother of Rama Shah.
| Preceded byPurna Shah | King of Gorkha 1605–1606 | Succeeded byRam Shah |
# A.E. Ermionida F.C.

A.E Ermionida F.C. (Greek: Α.Ε. Ερμιονίδας) is a Greek football club based in Kranidi, Argolis.

## History

The club was founded in 2011 after the merge of A.E.K. Kranidi and Ermis Ermioni.
The club earned promotion to the second tier for the first time in the 2013–14 season. Despite having an amazing season in the Football League during the 2014–15 season and finishing 5th collecting 41 points out of 24 matches, the club got relegated through the play-offs.
The club badge resembles Hermes, one of the 12 Olympian gods in Ancient Greek religion.

## Honours
### Domestic

* Gamma Ethniki
** Winners (1): 2013–14
* Delta Ethniki
** Winners (1): 2012–13
* Argolis FCA Cup
** Winners (1): 2017–18
* This article about a Greek football club is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
# Deh-e Nar, Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad

Deh-e Nar (Persian: ده نار, also Romanized as Deh-e Nār; also known as Deh-e Anār) is a village in Tayebi-ye Sarhadi-ye Sharqi Rural District, Charusa District, Kohgiluyeh County, Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 168, in 25 families.
# Andalusian Party

The Andalusian Party (Spanish: Partido Andalucista, PA) was an Andalusian nationalist centre-left political party from Andalusia (Spain), with an important presence in provinces such as Cádiz and Seville although in the past they have stood in other provinces and even won seats in Barcelona to the Parliament of Catalonia.

## History

The party was founded as the Socialist Alliance of Andalusia (Alianza Socialista de Andalucía) in 1965 by Alejandro Rojas-Marcos. In 1976 it took the name Socialist Party of Andalusia (Partido Socialista de Andalucía). In 1979 the name was changed to Socialist Party of Andalusia - Andalusian Party (PSA-Partido Andaluz). The PA party name was adopted in 1984. Its last Secretary-General was Antonio Jesús Ruiz.
A splinter group, led by former leader Pedro Pacheco, was formed in 2001, under the name Socialist Party of Andalusia (Partido Socialista de Andalucía), later rejoined Partido Andalucista.
Historically, the party had been strong in the capital city of Andalusia, Seville, as well as other big cities like Jerez de la Frontera or Algeciras, obtaining the cities' mayorship in several times in all three cities. At their 17th Congress on 12 September 2015, the party dissolved.

## Electoral performance
### Parliament of Andalusia

Parliament of Andalusia :
| Election | Votes | % | Seats | +/– | Leading candidate | Government |
| 1982 | 153,709 | 5.39 (#5) | 3 / 109 | — | Luis Uruñuela | Opposition |
| 1986 | 196,947 | 5.86 (#4) | 2 / 109 | 1 | Luis Uruñuela | Opposition |
| 1990 | 296,613 | 10.75 (#4) | 10 / 109 | 8 | Pedro Pacheco | Opposition |
| 1994 | Within PA–PAP | Within PA–PAP | 3 / 109 | 7 | Pedro Pacheco | Opposition |
| 1996 | 287,764 | 6.66 (#4) | 4 / 109 | 1 | Pedro Pacheco | Coalition |
| 2000 | 300,356 | 7.43 (#4) | 5 / 109 | 1 | Antonio Ortega | Coalition |
| 2004 | 276,674 | 6.16 (#4) | 5 / 109 | 0 | Antonio Ortega | Opposition |
| 2008 | Within CA | Within CA | 0 / 109 | 5 | Julián Álvarez | No seats |
| 2012 | 96,770 | 2.51 (#5) | 0 / 109 | 0 | Pilar González | No seats |
| 2015 | 60,645 | 1.52 (#7) | 0 / 109 | 0 | Antonio Jesús Ruiz | No seats |

### Parliament of Catalonia

Parliament of Catalonia :
| Election | Votes | % | Seats | +/– | Leading candidate | Government |
| 1980 | 71,841 | 2.66 (#6) | 2 / 135 | — | Francisco Hidalgo | Opposition |
# Kusatsu Onsen

Kusatsu Onsen (草津温泉) is a hot spring resort located in Gunma Prefecture, Japan, northwest of Tokyo. It is a popular tourist destination.
There are 13 public baths at Kusatsu Onsen. The small bathhouses that are free for both town residents and tourists are managed by the townspeople themselves.
The source of its hot water is nearby Mount Kusatsu-Shirane and the appearance of the waters range from cloudy to clear, because the sources of the water that the baths rely upon are different.
The springs were known as a resort for centuries, but they became well known after the water was recommended for its health benefits by Erwin von Bälz, a German doctor who taught medicine at Tokyo University.
The locals claim the hot springs can cure all forms of ailments, other than lovesickness. Guests have claimed that pain disappears while soaking in its hot water.

## Ground transportation
### Buses

* Kusatsu Onsen Bus Terminal
** Jōshū Yumeguri - 上州ゆめぐり号 from Shinjuku Station or Tokyo Station via Ikaho Onsen
** Kusatsu Line - 草津線 from Naganohara-Kusatsuguchi Station

### Railway

None
# Bonanza Gift Shop

Bonanza Gift Shop is a landmark located on the Las Vegas Strip between the Sahara Las Vegas and the Stratosphere Las Vegas. It is billed as the World's Largest Gift Shop with over 40,000 square feet (3,700 m$^2$) of shopping space.
According to British Airways, the shop "won't let you down when looking for the perfect souvenir." However Fodor's says "Ok, so it may not, in fact, be the world's largest, but it's the city's largest—and for that matter, the city's best—souvenir store."

## History

Bonanza Gifts was established in 1980. Before Bonanza, the corner mall contained several smaller shops and casinos.
Former casino occupants at the location included: Honest John's (c. 1963-1981), Big Wheel Casino (c. 1971-1977, renamed Centerfold Casino in 1975), and Jolly Trolley (c. 1977-1981). Jolly Trolley was reportedly secretly owned by reputed mafia boss Anthony Russo. Bonanza's website also lists Jackpot Casino and Money Tree Casino as also previously occupying the site.
It was the Las Vegas Review-Journal's online readers pick for Best Gift Shop in 2006.
In 2016, the property was sold for $50 million to Haim Gabay, who had been operating the store as a tenant for a year.

### Film history

The shop was featured on the PBS show Going Places. This store features in the 2016 Nicolas Cage movie The Trust.
# Azkoitia

Azkoitia (Spanish: Azcoitia) is a town located in the province of Gipuzkoa, in the Autonomous Community of Basque Country, in northern Spain. It is also the seat of the municipality of the same name.

## Geographical setting

Azkoitia and the municipality of the same name, are located on and around the upper Urola river valley, centered on a small alluvial plain surrounded by the Basque mountains. Except for the valley itself, the terrain is rather rugged, with elevations ranging to little less than 950 meters.

## Population

As of 2004, the municipality numbered 10,946 inhabitants, of whom 5,324 (49.867%) were men and 5,262 (50.133%) were women. Age is distributed among the sexes rather evenly with children and adolescents (0 to 17 years of age) forming 16.235% of the population, adults (18 to 54 years of age) making up 53.744%, and senior citizens forming the remaining 30.021%.

## Historical relevance

Azkoitia was the birthplace of the mother of Saint Ignatius of Loyola, founder of the Jesuit religious order. Ignatius' maternal grandfather, Don Martin Garcia de Licona, had purchased Balda Tower in the mid-15th century. Recurring bloody encounters in the region persuaded the king, Henry IV of Castile, to reduce the tower from a fortress to a courthouse. On 13 July 1467 Don Martin's daughter, Dona Marina Saenz de Licona Balda married Don Beltran Ibanez de Onaz y Loyola from neighbouring Azpeitia in the Licona family home in Azkoitia. The original wedding contract still exists.
Loyola's birth house is still preserved as a museum a part of a large Jesuit compound. It is located a few kilometers east of Azkoitia's city center, at the small community of Azpeitia, and is a major tourist attraction.
# Yanov Torah

The Yanov Torah is a hand-written copy of the Torah assembled from the individual sheaves of Torah manuscripts, smuggled into the Janowska concentration camp during the Holocaust in World War II. The Janowska, also known as the Yanov death camp, located not far from the Lwów Ghetto, was a place of execution of tens of thousands of Polish Jews between September 1941 and November 1943. A Sefer Torah, the holiest book within Judaism venerated by Jews, was reassembled by prisoners from manuscripts unearthed at Lwów's Jewish cemetery. Following World War II, it was smuggled out of the then Soviet Union and brought to Los Angeles. It has been donated to the rabbinical programs at Hebrew Union College, where it is taken on tour to various synagogues and assemblies so that the story of its history can be told.

## History

The published book, entitled the Yanov Torah, is written by Rabbi Erwin Herman, then director of the Pacific Southwest Council of the UAHC (now URJ). Herman describes how the Yanov Torah was brought to him by Dr. Emanuel Orlove (a pseudonym), who smuggled the Torah out of the Soviet Union when he emigrated to America in 1980. Dr. Orlove also tells the history of how the pages were smuggled into the work camp, and how they were collected and reunited—to be stitched back into a whole Torah scroll.
# Symmachus ben Joseph

Symmachus ben Joseph (Hebrew: סוֹמְכוֹס בן יוסף Romanized: Sômǝkôs ben Joseph) was a Jewish Tanna sage of the fifth generation.

## Biography

Rabbi Meir is considered his main teacher. After R. Meir died, and despite R. Judah ben Ilai's reluctance to teach R. Meir's students (who were considered "vexatious" students), Symmachus joined R. Judah ben Ilai's class and debated halakhic matters with him.
Symmachus' brilliance was described as follows:
   R. Abbahu stated in the name of R. Johanan: R. Meir had a disciple of the name of Symmachus who said, on every rule concerning a ritual uncleanness, there are forty-eight reasons in support of its uncleanness, and on every rule concerning a ritual cleanness, forty-eight reasons in support of its cleanness.

## Teachings

He is quoted five times in the Mishna: three times his teachings appear, and twice he quotes an opinion of Rabbi Meir.
He is best known for the following disagreement about judgment in a case of monetary dispute:
   These are the words of Symmachus who said that "money which is in dispute - is to be split [equally between the parties]" (ממון המוטל בספק חולקין). The Sages, however, disagreed with him: "It is a fundamental principle in law: One who wishes to extract money from another person, the burden of proof falls on him [the claimant]" (המוציא מחברו עליו הראיה).
Later opinions differ on which situations Symmachus intended for his rule to apply.

## Relation to other individuals named Symmachus

Some have tried to identify him with Symmachus the translator, but this view has been generally rejected. In Epiphanius' treatise On Weights and Measures, a certain Symmachus is said to have converted to Judaism from the Samaritan religion at the time of the Roman Emperor Marcus Aurelius who is also called Verus. Rabbi Meir would have been his contemporary.
# Kim Edri

Kim Edri (Hebrew: קים אדרי; born c. 1992) is an Israeli model and beauty pageant titleholder who won the title of Miss Israel Universe 2011 and represented her country in the Miss Universe 2011 pageant.
# Larisa Popova

Larisa Mikhaylovna Popova (née Aleksandrova, born 9 April 1957 in Tiraspol, Moldavian SSR) is a Moldovan rower who competed for the Soviet Union in the 1976 Summer Olympics.
In 1976, she was a crew member of the Soviet boat, which won the silver medal in the quadruple sculls event.
Four years later, she and her partner Yelena Khloptseva won the gold medal in the 1980 double sculls competition.
# Ministry of Labor, Employment, and Social Security

The Ministry of Labor, Employment, and Social Security (Spanish: Ministerio de Trabajo, Empleo y Previsión Social) is a Bolivian government ministry which oversees labor relations, pensions and social security programs. Since 2 June 2011, it has been headed by Minister Daniel Santalla Torres, a politician and former factory union leader. He succeeded Félix Rojas in the position.
The Ministry was founded by the government of Germán Busch during his first brief appearance as president. Indeed it was formed on the same day as the bloodless military coup that brought him to power. Under the "military socialism" of Presidents Busch and David Toro, the Labor Ministry articulated a labor code and propelled mass unionization of Bolivian workers. The appointment of Waldo Álvarez, a printing worker and Secretary General of the Federación Obrera de Trabajadores, to be the first Minister of Labor began a long tradition of trade unionists leading the Ministry. The ministry was known as the Ministry of Labor, Social Security, and Health (Spanish: Ministerio del Trabajo, Prevision Social y Salubridad) until the creation of a Public Health Ministry (Spanish: Ministerio de Sanidad Pública) in 1938.
The Ministry's organizational structure was last set by Chapter XV of Supreme Decree 29894, issued by President Evo Morales on 7 February 2009. Its organizational hierarchy is as follows:
* Vice-Ministry of Labor and Social Security
** General Directorate of Labor, Hygiene, and Occupational Safety
** General Directorate of Social Security Policy (Spanish: Políticas de Previsión Social)
** General Directorate of Trade Union Issues
* Vice-Ministry of Employment, Civil Service, and Cooperatives — Vice Minister Ing. Luis Gonzalo Cornejo Hernández
** General Directorate of Employment
** General Directorate of Civil Service
** General Directorate of Cooperatives
The General Directorate of Social Security Policy is charged with unifying Bolivia's retirement and social security systems into a single unified system.
# Sdot Negev Regional Council

Sdot Negev Regional Council (Hebrew: מועצה אזורית שדות נגב, Mo'atza Azorit Sdot Negev, lit. Negev Fields Regional Council), formerly Azata Regional Council (Hebrew: מועצה אזורית עזתה, Mo'atza Azorit Azata), is a regional council in the northwestern Negev desert in the Southern District of Israel.

## History

The Sdot Negev region council was established in 1951 by the Religious Zionist HaPoel HaMizrahi settlement movement. The council encompasses 16 communities: two kibbutzim, 12 moshavim and two community settlements.
Despite frequent rocket attacks from the nearby Gaza Strip, the population of the Sdot Negev region has increased 55 percent in 2006–2012. Residents have cited the educational system, atmosphere and rural lifestyle as incentives for moving to this part of the Negev.

## List of communities

Kibbutzim:
* Alumim
* Sa'ad
Moshavim:
* Beit HaGadi
* Givolim
* Kfar Maimon
* Mlilot
* Sharsheret
* Shibolim
* Shokeda
* Shuva
* Tkuma
* Yoshivia
* Zru'a
* Zimrat
Community settlements:
* Ma'agalim
* Tushia