OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Mueang Kalasin district

Mueang Kalasin (Thai: เมืองกาฬสินธุ์, pronounced; Northeastern Thai: เมืองกาฬสินธุ์, pronounced) is the capital district (amphoe mueang) of Kalasin province, northeastern Thailand.

## Geography

Neighboring districts are (from the north clockwise) Sahatsakhan, Somdet, Na Mon, Don Chan, Kamalasai, Khong Chai, Yang Talat, and Nong Kung Si of Kalasin Province.

## History

In 1913 the district was renamed from Uthai Kalasin to Mueang Kalasin.

## Administration

The district is divided into 17 sub-districts (tambons), which are further subdivided into 180 villages (mubans). The town (thesaban mueang) covers the whole tambon Kalasin. There are three townships (thesaban tambons): Nong So covers tambon Lam Pao and parts of Lamkhlong; Na Chan covers tambon Na Chan and parts of Phai and Phu Po; and Huai Pho covers tambon Huai Pho. There are a further 16 tambon administrative organizations (TAO).
| No. | Name | Thai name | Villages | Pop. |
| 1. | Kalasin | กาฬสินธุ์ | - | 37,929 |
| 2. | Nuea | เหนือ | 12 | 7,584 |
| 3. | Lup | หลุบ | 15 | 10,831 |
| 4. | Phai | ไผ่ | 9 | 5,122 |
| 5. | Lam Pao | ลำปาว | 11 | 5,797 |
| 6. | Lam Phan | ลำพาน | 16 | 8,973 |
| 7. | Chiang Khruea | เชียงเครือ | 10 | 7,123 |
| 8. | Bueng Wichai | บึงวิชัย | 9 | 6,052 |
| 9. | Huai Pho | ห้วยโพธิ์ | 17 | 11,222 |
| 11. | Phu Po | ภูปอ | 9 | 6,457 |
| 13. | Phu Din | ภูดิน | 14 | 5,554 |
| 15. | Nong Kung | หนองกุง | 8 | 4,827 |
| 16. | Klang Muen | กลางหมื่น | 12 | 4,697 |
| 17. | Khamin | ขมิ้น | 11 | 6,405 |
| 19. | Phon Thong | โพนทอง | 8 | 5,658 |
| 20. | Na Chan | นาจารย์ | 9 | 6,010 |
| 21. | Lam Khlong | ลำคลอง | 10 | 5,338 |
Missing numbers are tambons which now form Don Chan District.
# Inter-African Committee on Traditional Practices Affecting the Health of Women and Children

The Inter-African Committee on Traditional Practices Affecting the Health of Women and Children (IAC) (French: Comité interafricain sur les pratiques traditionnelles affectant la santé des femmes et des enfants) is a non-governmental organization (NGO) which seeks to change social values and raise consciousness towards eliminating female genital mutilation (FGM) and other traditional practices which affect the health of women and children in Africa.

## History

The IAC began at a seminar in Dakar in 1984 with a focus on fighting harmful practices relating to female genital mutilation (FGM), childbirth, nutrition and food, early marriage; and promoting traditional practices considered beneficial, such as breastfeeding and baby massage. Fighting FGM is the main focus of their work. Now based in Addis Ababa, the IAC also has 32 national branches (known as National Committees) in 28 countries in Africa. It has a liaison office in Geneva and 15 affiliates in Europe, Canada, Japan, New Zealand and the US. In 1990, the IAC adopted the term "female genital mutilation" to describe the procedure previously referred to as "female circumcision". According to a 1995 publication, the main focus of their strategy for eliminating FGM is through education. The founding President of the IAC was the Ethiopian feminist Berhane Ras Work. From 2009 to 2014 Isatou Touray served as Secretary-General of the IAC.
The IAC's current President is Mariam Lamizana from Burkina Faso. Safia Elmi Djibril is vice-president, representing Kadra Mahamoud Haid, the First Lady of Djibouti. The current Secretary General is Assibi Napoe from Togo, Chief Coordinator of Education International's African regional office.

## Contributions

The IAC considers that legislative change related to FGM in Burkina Faso, Côte d'Ivoire, Djibouti, Egypt, Ghana, Guinea, Senegal, Tanzania and Togo is a result of the lobbying work carried out by the IAC as well as by other NGOs.
# Michael K. Bourdaghs

Michael Kevin Bourdaghs (/ˈbɔːrdæʃ/, BOAR-dash) is an American scholar of Japanese culture specializing in modern Japanese literature and J-pop. He is currently a professor of East Asian Languages and Civilizations at the University of Chicago.

## Biography

Michael Kevin Bourdaghs was born on August 31, 1961. He attended Miyagi University of Education from 1984 to 1985, before obtaining his B.A. in History and Japan Studies at Macalester College in Saint Paul, Minnesota. He received his M.A from Cornell University in 1993. Following this, he served as a graduate research student at Tohoku University for two years before obtaining his Ph.D. in East Asian Literature at Cornell in 1996.
He taught at the University of California, Los Angeles from 1996 to 2008. During this period, he also briefly taught as a visiting researcher at Tohoku and International Christian University. He became an associate professor at the University of Chicago in 2008 after briefly serving as a visiting associate professor the previous year. He received a full professorship at Chicago in 2012. Six years later, he was appointed the Robert S. Ingersoll Professor of East Asian Languages and Civilizations and the College. He specializes in modern Japanese literature, although has also written on the evolution of Japanese popular music. He also works as a translator.
In 2019, he was awarded a Guggenheim Fellowship, seeking to write on the history of Japanese popular culture during the Cold War.
# NMK

NMK may refer to:
* Makura language, ISO 639-3 language code NMK
* Naša mala klinika, Balkan televised series
* National Museums of Kenya
* Newmarket (Suffolk) railway station, National Rail station code NMK
* NMK (company) (Nihon Maicom Kaihatsu), a Japanese video game developer
* North Macedonia, abbreviation used on their vehicle registration plates
# Charles Dail

Charles Calhoun Dail (January 11, 1909 – July 13, 1968) was an American Democratic politician from San Diego, California. He served three terms on the San Diego City Council and two terms as the 27th mayor of San Diego.

## Biography

Charles Calhoun Dail was born on January 11, 1909, in Kansas City, Kansas. His parents were Charles Darwin Dail and Hester Dail, née Cooksey. He married Dorothy Mae Cook on June 28, 1933. Prior to seeking elected office, Dail worked in the insurance business.

## City Council and Mayor

Dail was elected to three terms on the San Diego City Council from 1943 to 1955. Later he was twice elected mayor of San Diego, serving between 1955 and 1963.
As mayor he promoted the development of the downtown San Diego Community Concourse, which includes city hall and city offices as well as a civic auditorium; the project set off a wave of construction of skyscraper offices and hotels and started the revival of the city's downtown, which had been deteriorating. The city complex is now named the Charles C. Dail Community Concourse. He also spearheaded the development of Mission Bay Park.
Dail helped convince the Regents of the University of California to locate a new campus, the University of California, San Diego, in San Diego; ground was broken for the new campus in 1961. Dail had had polio as a child, and in 1963 he convinced Jonas Salk to locate the Salk Institute for Biological Studies in La Jolla, San Diego. The city donated 27 acres (11 hectares) of city pueblo land as a gift to construct the Institute.
Dail was also instrumental in establishing a sister-city relationship between San Diego and Yokohama, Japan. As a result, the Charles Dail Gate in the Japanese Friendship Garden in Balboa Park bears his name.
While Mayor, Dail was indicted by the Grand Jury twice. He was accused of offering to obtain a liquor license for a local bar owner in return for an interest in the business. Dail was ultimately successful in turning back these charges. Dail was also subject to recall effort led by a local organization called the Better Government Association. In their petition, they accused Dail of being unresponsive to the public on issues such as the elimination of parking meters, his advocacy for expanding Brown Field Municipal Airport into an international airport, and building new roads through Balboa Park. The recall campaign was ultimately unsuccessful.
Dail declined to run for a third term as mayor in 1963, citing personal and business reasons. At the time, Dail's combined twenty years serving as a city council member and mayor was the longest period of elected service in San Diego's history.

## Death

On July 13, 1968, Dail suffered a cerebral hemorrhage at his home in San Diego. He died soon after in Sharp Memorial Hospital at the age of 59. He was entombed at Greenwood Memorial Park.
# Heroes of Sui and Tang Dynasties

Heroes of Sui and Tang Dynasties 1 & 2 (Chinese: 隋唐英雄) is a 2012 Chinese historical television series directed by Li Hantao. It was first aired on Hunan Television in China in 2012. The series is based on the events in the reign of Emperor Yang of Sui during the Sui dynasty and Tang dynasty. The series stars Dicky Cheung, Winston Chao, Liu Xiaoqing, Yu Shaoqun, Wezei, Kou Hsi-Shun, Yoki Sun, Jang Seo-hee, and Lan Yan. It is followed by the sequel Heroes of Sui and Tang Dynasties 3 & 4.

## Cast
### Sui dynasty

* Kou Hsi-Shun as Emperor Wen of Sui.
* Joan Chen as Empress Dugu.
* Tino Bao as Yang Yong.
* Winston Chao as Emperor Yang of Sui.
* Wu Di as Yang Xiu.
* Guo Hui as Yang Liang.
* Liu Xiaoqing as Empress Xiao.
* Lan Yan as Consort Chen.
* Jang Seo-hee as Consort Zhang Lihua.
* Yoki Sun as Consort Yang.
* Yang Boxiong as Yang You.
* Wei Zongwan as Yuwen Huaji.
* Edward Zhang as Yuwen Chengdu.
* Zhang Guoliang as Yuwen Guang.
* Shan Wei as Hong Fu Nü.
* Zhang Xu as Li Jing.
* Yao Jianxiong as Li Gang.
* Liu Honglin as Han Qinhu.
* Xu Kun as He Ruobi.
* Ye Zuxin as Pei Yuanqing.
* Xu Xiaodong as Wang Shichong.
* Li Yi as Wang Chuchu.
* Wang Jinxin as Meng Haigong.
* Qin Fanxiang as Zhu Can.
* Lu Yi as Dou Jiande.
* Han Yanda as Tang Bi.
* Liu Mingyu as Gao Tansheng.
* Liu Yue as Du Fuwei.
* Liu Binglei as Shan Xiongxin.
* Wu Youxi as Zhang Heng.
* Pan Haicheng as Yang Yichen.
* Chen Kuangkuang as Wang Bodang.
* Zhang Bojun as Yang Lin.
* Yang Hongwu as Li Mi.
* Yue Junling as Su Wei.
* Lei Lei as Chen Shubao.

### Tang dynasty

* Du Zhiguo as Emperor Gaozu of Tang.
* Kara Hui as Empress Dou.
* Qiao Zhenyu as Li Jiancheng.
* Yu Shaoqun as Emperor Taizong of Tang.
* Liang Jingjing as Empress Zhangsun.
* Dicky Cheung as Cheng Yaojin.
* Zhang Rui as Luo Cheng.
* Candy Tu as Xin Yue'e.
* Wezei Purba as Qin Shubao.
* Zhao Shuai as Yuchi Gong.
* Meng Zhaozhong as Zhangsun Wuji.
* Zhao Jianzhong as Pei Ji.
* Chen Jiming as Wei Zheng.
* Lin Shu as Luo Shixin.
* Chen Liangping as Li Shiji.
* Fu Yiming as Liu Wenjing.
* Zhao Qiusheng as Shi Danai.
* Xu Jun as Fang Xuanling.
* Zhou Ying as Du Ruhui.
* Li Yonglin as Li Yuanba.

## Production

The series took place in Hengdian World Studios. Filming also took place Hangzhou.
The series's on a budget of ¥250 million.

## Release

It was first aired on Hunan Television in China on 3 December 2012.

## Awards and nominations

| Year | Award | Category | Nominated work | Result |
| 2014 | 1st Hengdian Film and TV Festival of China | Best Supporting Actor | Ye Zuxin | Won |

## International broadcast

| Country | Network(s)/Station(s) | Series premiere | Title |
| Thailand | MONO 29 | April 2015 | สุยถัง ศึกสองราชวงศ์ (Sui Tang Suek Song Rajawong) |
# Struggling People's Organization

The Struggling People's Organization (French: Organisation du peuple en lutte, Haitian Creole: Òganizasyon Pèp k ap Lite), called until 1996 Lavalas Political Organization (French: Organisation Politique Lavalas, OPL), is a Haitian political party originating from the Lavalas political movement. Formed in 1995, the pro-Aristide Lavalas faction split from the party in 1996 forming their own Fanmi Lavalas party, at this time the OPL's name was changed from Organisation Politique Lavalas to its present appellation. This split meant that few of the intelligentsia that had previously supported Jean-Bertrand Aristide ended up in the new Lavalas (or Fanmi Lavalas).
The OPL formed a majority of the Haitian Parliament from 1995 to 1997, and named Rosny Smarth as Prime Minister. The OPL was an important supporter of privatization and economic austerity measures, looking to lay off thousands of public sector workers to please international financial institutions. After being declared the losers of the 1997 legislative elections, the OPL denounced the results as fraudulent. OPL has been heavily financed by foreign governmental agencies and took part in the destabilization campaign against Haiti's constitutional government (2001–2004). In the presidential elections of 7 February 2006, its candidate Paul Denis won 2.62% of the popular vote. The party won in the 7 February 2006 Senate elections 6.0% of the popular vote and 3 out of 31 Senators. In the 7 February and 21 April 2006 Chamber of Deputies elections, the party won 10 out of 102 seats. It then formed part of the governing coalition under Jacques-Édouard Alexis.
# Folgefonna National Park

Folgefonna National Park (Norwegian: Folgefonna nasjonalpark) is a 545.2-square-kilometre (210.5 sq mi) national park in Vestland county, Norway. The park is located on the Folgefonna peninsula, and it spans the municipalities of Kvinnherad, Etne, and Ullensvang. The national park was opened by Queen Sonja on 14 May 2005.
Folgefonna is a collective term for three glaciers in the park (Nordre Folgefonna, Midtre Folgefonna, and Søndre Folgefonna). At 168 square kilometres (65 sq mi), Folgefonna is the third largest ice cap in Norway. It probably reaches a maximum thickness of 300 to 400 metres (980 to 1,310 ft). Its highest point is 1,662 metres (5,453 ft) above sea level, and this is believed to be one of the wettest places in Norway, receiving an estimated annual precipitation of around 5,500 millimetres (220 in).

## Etymology

The first element is folge means 'thin layer of snow' and the last element is the finite form of fonn which means 'mass of snow' or 'glacier made of snow'.

## Flora and fauna

The high mountains of the park are too barren for many creatures to thrive, but there the ptarmigans thrive. Golden eagles nest in several valleys that reach up towards the glacier and they feed on the ptarmigans in the glacial areas. Meadow pipits are the most abundant species above the tree line. In the wooded areas below the tree line, red deer are abundant, in fact more red deer are shot in Kvinnherad municipality than anywhere else in the country. Black grouse and capercaillie can also be found in the pine forests. This is also one of the last places to find the white-backed woodpecker in all of Western Europe. Avalanches in this area leave many dead trees in their paths and this is exactly the habitat favoured by these woodpeckers.
Hardy species like three-leaved rush, dwarf willow, and stiff sedge thrive despite the poor soils. Mossy mountain heather, rufine sedge, and arctic cottongrass can all grow right up to the edge of the glaciers. Purple gentian and mountain queen are notable flowering plants that thrive in the park.
# Felicity Hill

Air Commodore Dame Felicity Barbara Hill, DBE (12 December 1915 – 30 January 2019) was a British Royal Air Force officer. From 1966 to 1969, she served as Director of the Women's Royal Air Force. She died in January 2019 at the age of 103.

## Military career

In 1939, with the outbreak of World War II, Hill joined the Women's Auxiliary Air Force (WAAF). She had intended to join the Women's Royal Naval Service (WRENS) but her application had taken too long to process, so she joined the WAAF alongside some friends. She was in fact too short to qualify for military service but the man measuring her added half an inch to her height to meet the minimum required. Describing the situation, she stated "I probably should never have got in". Her first posting as an aircraftwoman was as an equipment assistant at stores of RAF Farnborough where she issued "anything from pants to revolvers".
She failed her first officer selection board because she was too young. Having attended the WAAF's first NCO training course in June 1940, she was promoted to corporal. She then served as a new entrant instructor at RAF West Drayton, and then in Harrogate when the training school moved there due to the London Blitz.
Having passed the officer board on her second attempt, Hill attended the WAAF's Officer Training School in Bulstrode Park, Buckingham. On 18 December 1940, she was commissioned as an assistant section officer (equivalent in rank to a pilot officer). In 1941, she served at RAF Wyton where her duties included interviewing applicants to the WAAF; among those she interviewed was Sarah Churchill, a daughter of then-Prime Minister Winston Churchill.
From 1942 to 1943, she served at the WAAF Directorate. On 1 February 1942, she was promoted to (temporary) section officer (equivalent in rank to a flying officer). Promoted to temporary flight officer (equivalent to flight lieutenant) on 1 January 1943, she was subsequently based in Scotland at RAF Kirkwell in 1943, and at RAF Turnhouse from 1943 to 1944. She served as commander of the WRAF Depot at RAF Grantham. In March 2023, she was one of a number of notable women with a connection to Grantham honoured by South Kesteven District Council.
# Levy County Courthouse

The Levy County Courthouse, built in 1937, is a historic redbrick Classical Revival style courthouse building located in Bronson, Florida. It was designed by architect Henry L. Taylor and built by O. R. Woodcock. It is Levy County's fourth purpose-built courthouse and the third one built in Bronson. Some material salvaged from the previous (1906) courthouse were used in its construction. An annex has been added to it.
In 1989, the Levy County Courthouse was listed in A Guide to Florida's Historic Architecture, published by the University of Florida Press.
# Dipole magnet

A dipole magnet is the simplest type of magnet. It has two poles, one north and one south. Its magnetic field lines form simple closed loops which emerge from the north pole, re-enter at the south pole, then pass through the body of the magnet. The simplest example of a dipole magnet is a bar magnet.

## Dipole magnets in accelerators

In particle accelerators, a dipole magnet is the electromagnet used to create a homogeneous magnetic field over some distance. Particle motion in that field will be circular in a plane that is perpendicular to the field and collinear to the direction of particle motion, and free in the direction orthogonal to it. Thus, a particle injected into a dipole magnet will travel on a circular or helical trajectory. By adding several dipole sections on the same plane, the bending radial effect of the beam increases.
In accelerator physics, dipole magnets are used to realize bends in the design trajectory (or 'orbit') of the particles, as in circular accelerators. Other uses include:
* Injection of particles into the accelerator
* Ejection of particles from the accelerator
* Correction of orbit errors
* Production of synchrotron radiation
The force on a charged particle in a particle accelerator from a dipole magnet can be described by the Lorentz force law, where a charged particle experiences a force of
    $\mathbf {F} =q\mathbf {E} +q\mathbf {v} \times \mathbf {B}$
(in SI units). In the case of a particle accelerator dipole magnet, the charged particle beam is bent via the cross product of the particle's velocity and the magnetic field vector, with direction also being dependent on the charge of the particle.
The amount of force that can be applied to a charged particle by a dipole magnet is one of the limiting factors for modern synchrotron and cyclotron proton and ion accelerators. As the energy of the accelerated particles increases, they require more force to change direction and require larger B fields to be steered. Limitations on the amount of B field that can be produced with modern dipole electromagnets require synchrotrons/cyclotrons to increase in size (thus increasing the number of dipole magnets used) to compensate for increases in particle velocity. In the largest modern synchrotron, the Large Hadron Collider, there are 1232 main dipole magnets used for bending the path of the particle beam, each weighing 35 metric tons.

## Other uses

Other uses of dipole magnets to deflect moving particles include isotope mass measurement in mass spectrometry, and particle momentum measurement in particle physics.
Such magnets are also used in traditional televisions, which contain a cathode-ray tube, which is essentially a small particle accelerator. Their magnets are called deflecting coils. The magnets move a single spot on the screen of the TV tube in a controlled way all over the screen.
# Owraki Malang Bazar

Owraki Malang Bazar (Persian: عوركي ملنگ بازار, also Romanized as ʿOwrakī Malang Bāzār) is a village in Pir Sohrab Rural District, in the Central District of Chabahar County, Sistan and Baluchestan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 129, in 31 families.
# Progress M-28M

Progress M-28M (Russian: Прогресс М-28М), identified by NASA as Progress 60P was a Progress spacecraft used by Roskosmos to resupply the International Space Station (ISS) during 2015. It was launched on 3 July 2015, less than a week following the failure of SpaceX CRS-7 and the previous failure of Progress M-27M to deliver cargo to the ISS. The 28th Progress-M 11F615A60 spacecraft launched has the serial number 428 and was built by RKK Energia.

## Launch

The spacecraft was launched on 3 July 2015 at 04:55 UTC from the Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan.

## Docking

Progress M-28M docked with the Pirs docking compartment on 5 July 2015 at 07:11 UTC. The spacecraft undocked from the station on 19 December 2015 at 07:35 UTC.

## Cargo

The Progress spacecraft carries 2381 kg of cargo and supplies to the International Space Station. The craft is delivering food, fuel and supplies, including 520 kg of propellant, 48 kg of oxygen and air, 420 kg of water, and 1393 kg of spare parts, supplies and experiment hardware for the six members of the Expedition 44 crew. Progress M-28M is scheduled to remain docked to Pirs for about four months.