OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Wiang Sa district, Surat Thani

Wiang Sa (Thai: เวียงสระ, pronounced) is a district (amphoe) of Surat Thani province, Thailand.

## Geography

Wiang Sa is in the southeast Surat Thani Province. Neighboring districts are (from the west clockwise) Phrasaeng, Khian Sa, and Ban Na San of Surat Thani, and Phipun, Chawang, and Tham Phannara of Nakhon Si Thammarat province.
The Tapi River forms the western boundary of the district. Smaller rivers in the district are Khlong Nam Thao, Khlong Tan and Khlong Chanuan. To the west the terrain descends to the Tapi plain, to the east are the hills of the Nakhon Si Thammarat mountain range.
In the northeast of the district is Tai Romyen National Park.

## History

Wiang Sa originated as a minor city-state (mueang) under the control of Nakhon Si Thammarat after the Srivijaya times. It was converted into a district named Khlong Tan (คลองตาล) during the thetsaban reforms at the end of the 19th century. In 1896 Wiang Sa was reduced to a tambon within Lamphun District, the current Ban Na San district. On 10 March 1968 Wiang Sa became a minor district (king amphoe) by splitting off tambons Wiang Sa and Thung Luang from Ban Na San District. On 17 November 1971 it was upgraded to full district status.

## Administration

Wiang Sa is divided into five sub-districts (tambons), which are further subdivided into 64 villages (mubans). There are three townships (thesaban tambons): Wiang Sa covering parts of tambons Wiang Sa and Ban Song, Ban Song covering the remaining parts of tambon Ban Song, and Khao Niphan covering tambon Khao Nipham. The three tambons which are not completely covered by municipal area each have a tambon administrative organization (TAO).
| No. | Name | Thai name | Villages | Pop. |
| 1. | Wiang Sa | เวียงสระ | 10 | 9,696 |
| 2. | Ban Song | บ้านส้อง | 18 | 6,725 |
| 3. | Khlong Chanuan | คลองฉนวน | 12 | 8,382 |
| 4. | Thung Luang | ทุ่งหลวง | 16 | 10,374 |
| 5. | Khao Niphan | เขานิพันธ์ | 8 | 5,853 |
# Pisissarfik

Pisissarfik (old spelling Pisigsarfik) is a 1,220-metre-high (4,000 ft) mountain in the Sermersooq municipality, West Greenland. The mountain plays a major role in the Inuit mythology of Pisissarfik. It is also important as an archaeological site.

## Geography

The mountain is near the settlement of Kapisillit on the North bank of the Kapisillit Kangerluaq, a branch of the Nuup Kangerlua (Danish: Godthåbsfjord), about 150 km northeast of the Greenlandic capital Nuuk.
The inland side of the mountain is relatively smooth, but it forms a steep cliff by the coast. Pisissarfik is one of the most striking mountains of the region owing to its distinctive shape.

## History

Until about AD 1350 farmsteads forming part of the Western Settlement (Vestribyggð) were situated along the Kapisillit-Fjord. At that time there were often conflicts with the local Inuit; it is believed that this fighting (along with changes in climate) was one of the reasons for the disappearance of Scandinavian settlers from the region, and eventually from the whole of Greenland. The Kalaallisut name 'Pisissarfik' means 'shooting range' and derives from a legend of that time.

### Legends

An Inuk and a Viking are said to have climbed to the summit and held a shooting competition with bow and arrow on a seal pelt, stretched on a bank of the fjord. The Inuk won and pushed the loser off the cliff to his death, per the terms of the Viking's agreement.
According to Inuit mythology, the final and decisive battle between the Nordic settlers and themselves took place at the foot of the mountain, and resulted in the extinction of the settlers. The people long considered numerous graves found at the bottom of the cliff to be those of people killed in this fight. However, scientists from the Danish National Museum, who examined the site between 1945 and 1952, found that they were in fact Inuit graves dating from the 16th to 17th century.

### Archaeological Finds

The graves contained human corpses that had been preserved by natural mummification, as with those in Qilakitsoq. In one grave, three children were found, all under one year old. In another lay two women and two children, swathed in Reindeer skins. Even the clothing—anoraks made from bird and seal pelts, and Kamit (singular Kamik, seal skin boots)—were well preserved.
Pisissarfik played an important role in the Christianisation of the region in the 18th century: on Pentecost Sunday 1749 the first Deutsche Messe was celebrated at its foot.
# Tuchah

Tuchah (Persian: توچاه, also Romanized as Tūchāh) is a village in Qohab-e Rastaq Rural District, Amirabad District, Damghan County, Semnan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 134, in 31 families.
# Zalog (Ljubljana)

Zalog (pronounced; German: Salloch) is a formerly independent settlement in the eastern part of the capital Ljubljana in central Slovenia. It stands above the left bank of the Ljubljanica River near its confluence with the Sava. It is part of the traditional region of Upper Carniola and is now included with the rest of the municipality in the Central Slovenia Statistical Region. The former village includes the hamlets of Stari Zalog, which is the old village core on a terrace between the railroad line and a bridge across the Sava, Novi Zalog to the south, Brinje north of the railroad toward the Sava River, Prod to the east on the spit between the Ljubljanica and the Sava, Gradišče on the left bank of the Ljubljanica, and Vabrje on a small rise between the two rivers.

## Geography

Studenčica Creek flows through the hamlet of Prod, past the former Stele Mill, before emptying into the Ljubljanica. The soil in the settlement is sandy to the north and loamy to the south. The area has been heavily industrialized, with activities that have included slaughterhouses, meat processing, a fish hatchery, and tin can production.

## Name

Zalog was attested in written sources in 1336 as Zalog (and as Zaloch in 1339 and Salog in 1361). The name is a fused prepositional phrase that has lost case inflection: za + log, literally 'behind a partially forested (marshy) meadow near water' or 'behind woods near a settlement'. In the past the German name was Salloch.

## History

In the hamlet of Gradišče there are the remains of a fortification from Late Antiquity, testifying to early settlement in the area. Until the railroad was built in 1849, Zalog was an important river port. It was the final station and also a customs station for boats being pulled up the river from the Croatian border. The river port was established in the late Middle Ages, and convicts were used to pull the boats in teams of up to 30 men. In 1730 the channel was deepened and teams of horses or oxen were used to pull the boats, which were up to 30 m long and transported up to 60 tons of freight. The freight was unloaded and stored in Zalog, and in 1779 a crane and warehouses were installed based on a plan by Jožef Šemerl. The railroad brought an end to the boat traffic; a livestock market operated on the spit until 1905, and washerwomen laundered clothing at the river port. A school was established in Zalog in 1910. In the spring of 1920 there was a major railroad workers' strike in Zalog; on 24 April that year the striking workers advanced on Ljubljana and were shot at by the police. Zalog was annexed by the City of Ljubljana in 1982, ending its existence as an independent settlement.

## Cultural heritage

There is a plague column in Zalog opposite the civic center. It bears the year 1793.

## Notable people

Notable people that were born or lived in Zalog include:
* Dragojila Milek (1850–1889), poet
* Ivan Perdan (1837–1899), businessman and patriot
* Ivan Resman (1848–1905), poet
# Shahrak-e Benat ol Hoda

Shahrak-e Benat ol Hoda (Persian: شهرك بنت الهدئ, also Romanized as Shahrak-e Benat ol Hodá; also known as Kūy-e Bent ol Hodá) is a village in Kushk Rural District, Abezhdan District, Andika County, Khuzestan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 230, in 55 families.
# Hongqi LS5

The Hongqi LS5 is a full-size luxury SUV that was manufactured by Chinese automobile manufacturer Hongqi, a subsidiary of FAW Group, from 2015 to 2017 for use by the Chinese government only.

## Overview

The Hongqi LS5, initially codenamed the P504 during development in 2014, was first revealed at Auto Shanghai on April 22, 2015 in Shanghai, China as a prototype and the first production-designed Hongqi SUV, An updated prototype featuring redesigned headlights and taillights, bumpers, and side mirrors among other minor updates, was shown at the 2016 Auto China in Beijing.
Hongqi had been preparing for the launch of an SUV since 2009 with the Hongqi SUV concept. It was not until 2012 that Hongqi had confirmed that it would release an SUV, planned to go into production in 2014. However, the first SUV, the LS5, began production the next year in September 2015 at the Hongqi factory in Changchun, Jilin. It was never produced for civilian use. Instead, it was produced as a low-volume limousine for Government of China, Chinese Communist Party, and People's Liberation Army officials, similar to the initially government-only BAIC BJ90. The first civilian-use Hongqi SUV is the HS5 compact crossover, launched in 2019. Hongqi also revealed a civilian-use 'LS' series SUV in 2021, the LS7.
Multiple examples of the Hongqi LS5 were produced, all in three different colors; black, white, and military green. A white example of the LS5 is displayed at the Beijing Auto Museum.

## Specifications
### Engine

The Hongqi LS5 is powered by a 4.0L twin turbo V8 engine, producing 381 hp and 530 Nm of torque. The engine gives the LS5 a 0-100 km/h (62 mph) time of 8.1 seconds and a top speed of 220 km/h (137 mph).

### Interior

The interior of the production Hongqi LS5 features a different, more modern steering wheel than the one seen in the 2015 concept, as well as a large center touchscreen and a digital instrument cluster.
# Guard stone

A guard stone, jostle stone or chasse-roue (French lit. "wheel chaser"), is a projecting metal, concrete, or stone exterior architectural element located at the corner and/or foot of gates, portes-cochères, garage entries, and walls to prevent damage from vehicle tires and wheels.

## Description

Guard stones were developed as an item of street furniture during the era of horse-drawn vehicles, but some are still in use today. They are sometimes used as traffic bollards, but are generally positioned to protect a specific object, such as a corner of a building or the side of a gate. In Paris, they are usually metal in the shape of an arc, ball or cone. There are also models in hard stone with a sloping back to guide errant wheels away from impacting a building. Guard stones made of stone were sometimes surrounded by a metal ring to reduce wear.
The wheels, including the hub, of horse-drawn vehicles protrude beyond the vehicle's body, and are thus prone to collide with and damage a corner of a building or gate. Today, early guard stones are considered cultural heritage objects and some countries, such as France and Belgium, even protect them under specific heritage regulations.
In cities the older guard stones as a concept have been replaced by objects meant for automobile traffic, such as curbs and guard rails. As a city maintenance object they slowly became obsolete and were discarded or reused for other city purposes. When they were incorporated as part of a building's structure however, they were difficult to remove and many remain as silent witnesses to early traffic on historic roads. Today such objects are treasured for historic reasons and are often protected as part of a city's cultural heritage.

## Applications

* Farmyard entry doors, subject to traffic by heavy horse-drawn carts.
* Wall corners at the intersection of two city streets (without pavements). In this case, they were often built into the wall.
* Guard stones made in Haussmann's renovation of Paris.
* Turns in rural roads or along parapets of bridges.
* At turns or at intervals on a mountainous ascent. These also helped the coachman to keep the vehicle from rolling backwards, while it paused to let the horses catch their breath.

## Gallery

* Guard stone of the Wellington Museum in Waterloo (Belgium)
* Guard stone beneath porte-cochère at the Burleigh-Davidson building, the Berwick Academy, South Berwick, Maine
* A guard stone in Kitzingen, Germany
* Guard-stone in Angoulême, France
* Corner chasse-roue in Paris
* Haussmannian guard stone
* Passage Saint-Paul, Paris
* In Germany, this traffic bollard has made the surrounding guard stones redundant
* Deflecting stone in Northern Ireland
* Gate with guard stone in Trier, Germany
* Guard stone still in place at a modern façade in Nuremberg city centre
# Charles-Joseph Coursol

Charles-Joseph Coursol, QC (3 October 1819 – 4 August 1888) was a Canadian lawyer and politician, the Mayor of Montreal, Quebec between 1871 and 1873, and a member of Canadian Parliament from 1878 until his death.
Baptised Michel-Joseph-Charles Coursol, he was born at Fort Malden, Upper Canada, located at what is now Amherstburg, Ontario. He was the son of Michel Coursol (d.1820), of the Hudson's Bay Company, and Marie-Mélanie Quesnel, daughter of Joseph Quesnel. His father died before he was one year old, and he was adopted and brought up like a son in the home of his uncle, The Hon. Frédéric-Auguste Quesnel.
His early education was at the Petit Séminaire de Montréal, and afterwards he was apprenticed to his step-father Côme-Séraphin Cherrier for the legal profession until his formal installation as a lawyer on 24 February 1841.
During his legal career in Montreal, he was a city councillor in Saint-Antoine ward between 1853 and 1855. Coursol left politics for numerous years, yet maintained a high profile in the Montreal community with other activities such as business and culture. He returned to local politics and was acclaimed Mayor in both 1871 and 1872. During that time, Coursol established urban parks for public use.
After he left the Mayor's office, Coursol served as President of the Saint-Jean-Baptiste Society from 1872 to 1876. His attention turned to national politics, winning the Montreal East riding for the Conservatives in the 1878 federal election. He served second and third terms in the riding, running uncontested in the 1882 and 1887 federal elections. However, Coursol died in office at Montmagny, Quebec on 4 August 1888.
Coursol's honours included Spain's Order of Charles III in 1872, then his appointment as Queen's Counsel in February 1873.
After his death in 1888, he was entombed at the Notre Dame des Neiges Cemetery in Montreal.

## Electoral record

vte1878 Canadian federal election: Montreal East :
| Party | Candidate | Votes |
| | Conservative | Charles-Joseph Coursol | 4,626 |
| | Unknown | F.X. Archambeault | 3,234 |
vte1882 Canadian federal election: Montreal East :
| Party | Candidate | Votes |
| | Conservative | Charles-Joseph Coursol | acclaimed |
vte1887 Canadian federal election: Montreal East :
| Party | Candidate | Votes |
| | Conservative | Charles-Joseph Coursol | acclaimed |

## Archives

There is a Charles-Joseph Coursol fonds at Library and Archives Canada. Archival reference is R6101.
# Ömer Çelik

Ömer Çelik (born 15 June 1968) is a Turkish journalist and politician. Between 24 January 2013 and 28 August 2015 he served as Minister of Culture and Tourism. He served as the Minister of European Union Affairs and as the Chief Negotiator for Turkish Accession to the European Union between 2016–2018.

## Early years

He was born on 15 June 1968 in Adana to Ziya Çelik and his wife Dudu. After graduating from Gazi University's Faculty of Economics and Administrative Sciences, he earned his master's degree in political science at the same university's Graduate School of Social Sciences.
Ömer Çelik worked as a journalist and political scientist. He joined the Justice and Development Party (AKP) and became political advisor to the party leader.

## Politics

He was elected to Parliament as a deputy from Adana for three consecutive terms in 2002, 2007 and 2011. Since 2010, he has served as the Deputy Chairman responsible for Foreign Affairs. He is also the chairman of the Friendship Group of Bilateral Parliamentary Relations between Turkey and the United States.
On 24 January 2013 Ömer Çelik was appointed Minister of Culture and Tourism in the cabinet of Recep Tayyip Erdoğan replacing Ertuğrul Günay.

## Personal life

Ömer Çelik is single.
# Phillip Hoffman (Ontario politician)

Philip Hoffman (March 31, 1901 – December 22, 1980) was a Canadian politician who was a Member of Provincial Parliament in Legislative Assembly of Ontario from 1960 to 1963. He represented the riding of Timiskaming for the Ontario Progressive Conservative Party. Born in Lount Township, Ontario, he was a forest ranger.
# Dleskovec Plateau

The Dleskovec Plateau (Slovene: Dleskovška planota), probably named after Mount Dleskovec (1,965 metres or 6,447 feet) in its central part, rarely also named the Vestibule (Veža), is a karstified mountain plateau in the eastern part of the Kamnik–Savinja Alps in northern Slovenia. It lies between the Roban Valley, the Upper Savinja Valley, and the Lučka Bela Valley, to the southeast of Mount Ojstrica and to the northeast of the Big Pasture Plateau. It is oriented in the direction from the southeast to the northwest. It covers an area of about 25 square kilometres (9.7 sq mi) and is partly overgrown by forest and Mountain Pine. The highest point of the plateau is Mount Big Peak (Veliki vrh; 2,110 m or 6,920 ft), also located in its central part. Administratively, the Dleskovec Plateau belongs to the settlement of Podveža in the Municipality of Luče.
There are several mountain pastures on the plateau. On the southern side, there are Podvežak Pasture (1,500 m or 4,900 ft) with a hut, Ravne Pasture, and Vodole Pasture. There is also Planinšek Farm or Planica, which is the highest-elevation farm on the plateau. On the northern side, the largest is Molič Pasture (1,754 m or 5,755 ft) with Kocbek Refuge. Above the latter stands a chapel dedicated to Sts. Cyril and Methodius (1,829 m or 6,001 ft). Vodotočnik Pasture is situated in the western part. On this pasture, there are a small heart-shaped pond and a shepherd hut. The pond is a bit over 50 m (160 ft) long and about 2 m (6 ft 7 in) deep. Below Vodotočnik Pasture, there is a scree slope. On the slope north of it, there are some hummocky meadows.
The relief, formed of Triassic carbonate rocks, is intersected with grooves, grykes, sinkholes, and shafts, the deepest of which has a depth of over 1,000 m (3,300 ft). It has been significantly altered by glaciers in the Pleistocene and by snow. There are almost no streams on the plateau. The climate is Alpine, with the average yearly temperature about 0 °C, the average winter temperature about −7 °C, and the average summer temperature about 7.5 °C. The plateau is mostly overgrown by deciduous forest, with predominance of beech (Fagus sylvatica), larch (Larix decidua), and spruce (Picea abies). A forest reserve with an area of 342 ha (850 acres) is situated at the extreme northwest of the plateau.
# Auditorio Nacional (Mexico)

National Auditorium (Spanish: Auditorio Nacional) is an entertainment center at Paseo de la Reforma #50, Chapultepec in Mexico City.
The National Auditorium is considered among the world's best venues by specialized media. It was designed by Mexican architects Pedro Ramírez Vázquez and Gonzalo Ramírez del Sordo, and remodeled by Abraham Zabludovsky and Teodoro González de León. Concerts, art, theatre, dance, and more are hosted at the venue.
It also has a small venue available for smaller events, called Auditorio Lunario. The auditorium's total seating capacity is currently 9,366, and it also has two levels of parking and a stage 23 meters high by 23 meters wide.

## History

Constructed in 1952, it was used for volleyball and basketball matches of the 1954 Central American and Caribbean Games and had seen performances of the San Francisco Ballet and New York Philharmonic in 1958. The auditorium was the venue for the gymnastics events at the 1968 Summer Olympics.
Since the 1970s, it has been used primarily for international music, song, dance and film festivals, fairs and exhibitions.
From 1988 to 1990, the auditorium went through an 18-months-long renovation, designed by architects Abraham Zaludovsky and Teodoro Gonzalez de Leon, which brought it to the current design.
It hosted the 1993 and 2007 Miss Universe pageants.
On August 12, 1998, Barney, Baby Bop, BJ and their friends: Professor Tinkerputt & Mother Goose performed here during the Mexican tour for Barney's Big Surprise.
In 2007, the American magazine Pollstar made the National Auditorium a nominee for International Theatre of the Year.
In November 2007, the Auditorio Nacional won the Billboard Touring Award for best concert venue under 10,000 seats.
Auditorio Nacional houses the largest pipe organ in Latin America.
In 2016, it hosted the premiere of the largely anticipated comic-book film, Batman v Superman: Dawn of Justice. In 2024, it hosted the world premiere of Dune: Part Two.
# SS Günther Russ

Günther Russ was a 998 GRT coaster that was built in 1921 by Stettiner Oderwerke AG, Stettin for German owners. She was seized by the Allies in May 1945, passed to the Ministry of War Transport (MoWT) and renamed Empire Condorrat. She was sold into merchant service in 1947 and renamed Kenton. In 1950, she was sold to West Germany and was renamed Günther Russ, serving until 1957 when she was scrapped.

## Description

The ship was built in 1921 by Stettiner Oderwerke AG, Stettin.
The ship was 210 feet 8 inches (64.21 m) long, with a beam of 33 feet 9 inches (10.29 m) a depth of 13 feet 4 inches (4.06 m). She had a GRT of 998 and a NRT of 575. She had a DWT of 1,535.
The ship was propelled by a triple expansion steam engine, which had cylinders of 15+3⁄4 inches (40 cm), 25+1⁄2 inches (65 cm) and 34+1⁄2 inches (88 cm) diameter by 29+1⁄2 inches (75 cm) stroke. The engine was built by Stettiner Oderwerke.

## History

Günther Russ was built for Schiffart-und Assekuranz Gesellschaft GmbH. She was placed under the management of Ernst Russ, Hamburg. The Code Letters RBQD were allocated. In 1934, her Code Letters were changed to DHJP. In May 1945, Günther Russ was seized by the Allies. She was passed to the MoWT and renamed Empire Condorrat. She was operated under the management of Richard R Chester Ltd.
In 1947, Empire Condorrat was sold to Whitehaven Shipping Co, Whitehaven and was renamed Kenton. In 1950, she was sold to Ernst Russ, Hamburg and was renamed Günther Russ. She served until 1957 when she was scrapped in Hamburg.
# Koskinou

Koskinou (Greek: Κοσκινού) is a village on the Greek island of Rhodes. It is located 5 miles from Rhodes town and 6 miles from the island resort of Faliraki and the Music School of Rhodes.
Koskinou is famous for its unique traditional houses decorated with bright, vibrant colours. There is a major festival on July 17 when the village celebrates the name day of St. Marina with customary music and dancing. The village is part of the Kallithea-Rhodes Municipality. The local football team called Diyenis Koskinou reside in the fourth division of the Greek league.