OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Army Group Don

Army Group Don (German: Heeresgruppe Don) was a short-lived army group of the German Army during World War II. It existed between November 1942 and February 1943 and was primarily concerned with the Battle of Stalingrad, which was concurrently fought.

## History

After a large-scale Soviet counterattack, "Operation Uranus", had resulted in the encirclement of the German 6th Army, Adolf Hitler named Erich von Manstein as commander of a newly-formed "Army Group Don," named for the Don River, on 20 November 1942. The new formation was to consist of 6th Army, 4th Panzer Army and the remnants of the Romanian 3rd and 4th Armies.$^{:1031}$
Army Group Don was created from the headquarters of the Eleventh Army in the southern sector of the Eastern Front on 22 November 1942. Army Group Don only lasted until February 1943 when it was combined with Army Group B and was made into the new Army Group South.
The only commander of Army Group Don during its short history was Field Marshal (Generalfeldmarschall) Erich von Manstein. It consisted of the Sixth Army in the Stalingrad pocket, which included the encircled elements of the 4th Panzer Army, together with the Romanian Third Army.
Zhukov stated, "We now know that Manstein's plan to rescue the encircled forces at Stalingrad was to organize two shock forces - at Kotelnikovo and Tormosin." The attempt "was a total failure."

## Commanders

| No. | Portrait | Commander | Took office | Left office | Time in office |
| 1 | | Manstein, ErichGeneralfeldmarschall Erich von Manstein (1887–1973) | 21 November 1942 | 12 February 1943 | 83 days |
# Janówek Duranowski

Janówek Duranowski is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Sochaczew, within Sochaczew County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland.
# Chagherbit-e Bala

Chagherbit-e Bala (Persian: چغربيت بالا, also Romanized as Chagherbīt-e Bālā; also known as Jowgharbīt and Joghrbīt) is a village in Bahu Kalat Rural District, Dashtiari District, Chabahar County, Sistan and Baluchestan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 47, in 10 families.
# Jarnuty, Masovian Voivodeship

Jarnuty is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Czerwin, within Ostrołęka County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately 9 kilometres (6 mi) north-west of Czerwin, 11 km (7 mi) south-east of Ostrołęka, and 96 km (60 mi) north-east of Warsaw.
# Criciova

Criciova (Hungarian: Kricsó; German: Kritschau; Ukrainian: Кричова) is a commune in Timiș County, Romania. It is composed of four villages: Cireșu, Cireșu Mic (depopulated), Criciova (commune seat) and Jdioara.

## History

Criciova was first mentioned in 1444 as Krychyowa, although it is much older. The fragments of masonry discovered here in the late 1970s attest that the village has existed since Roman Dacia.
The first recorded mention of Cireșu is found in a Hungarian diploma from 1603, in which it appears with the name Cziresul. Marsigli mentions in his notes from 1690–1700 the locality of Csíres or Cserestömös, in the Timiș River meadow. Around 1900, Ukrainians woodcutters began to settle on the hearth of the village, coming to work on the estates of Hungarian lords. In 1964, Cireșu incorporated the old village of Cireșu Nou, which had 129 inhabitants in 1966. Also, the hamlet of Cireșu Mic, once a colony of Ukrainian miners, belonged to Cireșu. It then became an independent village, but today it is completely depopulated.
The history of Jdioara is closely related to the homonymous medieval fortress, located about one kilometer northeast of the village, on one of the peaks that form the mountain ends towards the Timiș Valley, today only ruins. Several hypotheses have been issued about its establishment, among which the one circulated by Romanian historian Vasile Maniu [ro], who claimed that it was founded in the 2nd–3rd centuries, during the Roman colonization. Hungarian historians have claimed that the name of the fortress comes from the Hungarian Zydoy family, who allegedly built the fortress. It is certain that the first recorded mention of Jdioara dates from 1320, but most probably the fortress was built before this date. In the 10th–11th centuries, the fortress was probably included in Glad's voivodeship. The fortress has suffered two major sieges throughout its history. The first one took place in 1387, when the Banat nobles revolted against the central authority and occupied the fortress. The revolt was eventually suppressed, and the fortress came under the jurisdiction of the Ban of Severin, László Loszonczy, appointed commander of the fortresses of Severin, Orșova and Jdioara. The second major siege took place in May 1600 by the troops of Michael the Brave, for several days. Jdioara Fortress was destroyed after the Treaty of Karlowitz, probably subject to the conditions of the treaty which involved, among other things, the destruction of all the fortresses in Banat.

## Demographics

Ethnic composition (2011)
Religious composition (2011)
Criciova had a population of 1,587 inhabitants at the 2011 census, down 8% from the 2002 census. Most inhabitants are Romanians (85.38%), with a minority of Ukrainians (9.2%). For 4.98% of the population, ethnicity is unknown. By religion, most inhabitants are Orthodox (79.9%), but there are also minorities of Baptists (7.56%) and Pentecostals (5.17%). For 6.43% of the population, religious affiliation is unknown.
# Jasieniec Iłżecki Dolny

Jasieniec Iłżecki Dolny is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Iłża, within Radom County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately 9 kilometres (6 mi) south-west of Iłża, 33 km (21 mi) south of Radom, and 124 km (77 mi) south of Warsaw.
# Rudolf Kämpf

Rudolf Kämpf is a porcelain manufacturer in the Czech Republic.

## History

Benjamin Franklin Hunt founded the Egerländer Porzellanfabrik Elbogen, G.m.b.H. on 15 June 1907 in Loučky in Nové Sedlo after receiving written approval for the reconstruction of a porcelain factory at the site of the previous brick plant. Production of porcelain is traditional in this area because there are abundant resources of kaolin, loam and other raw materials. Hence, some people of great influence were interested in building a porcelain industry in the country which would be competitive with leading European producers.
When Benjamin Hunt and Eleanor Hunt became the directors, they had already cooperated with the owner of Loket's company Austria, Karl Shpek. Reconstruction work started in 1904–1905. But very soon the company went bankrupt and the reconstruction was stopped.
On 8 December 1909, doctor Yuliy Geller bought the unfinished building of the porcelain factory. On 21 July 1910, Benjamin Hunt and Karl Shpek got a concession for porcelain production from the beginning of 1912, and on 25 September 1911 the firm was registered under the name of Porzellan fabrik Rudolf Kämpf GmbH, Grünlas.
In December, the plant was registered again under the name of Rudolf Kämpf GmbH, Fabrikation und Vertrieb von Porzellanwaren und der dazu gehörigen Nebenprodukte, in Grünlas. The image of a crown with letters RGK below was chosen as the logotype.
Rudolf Kämpf, a skilled businessman, developed the company successfully. On 19 March 1918 he died, and his son Huns Kampf succeeded him as head of the company.
After World War II, the factory changed greatly. With the coming of the new government, the company was nationalized and became a part of Slavkovsky porcelain group, and in 1958 part of the Karlovarsky porcelain concern, which was ruled by the government.
In November 1992, the factory changed ownership to Leander 1946 s.r.o. company, and from this time it was named Leander. Leander became one of the most important producers of art porcelain in Europe.

## Present

In 2006, the Leander company was sold to CS Investment Czech holding. The new owners returned the name of the founder to the factory and today it is called Rudolf Kämpf and produces handmade porcelain under 3 trademarks:
* Rudolf Kämpf: premium-class porcelain
* Leander: mass-market porcelain
* Leander HoReCa: porcelain for hotels, restaurants and the service industry
Rudolf Kämpf mainly produces porcelain.
# Krška Vas, Brežice

Krška Vas (pronounced; Slovene: Krška vas, German: Munkendorf) is a village on the left bank of the Krka River, at its confluence with the Sava, in the Municipality of Brežice in eastern Slovenia. The area is part of the traditional region of Lower Carniola. It is now included in the Lower Sava Statistical Region.

## History

On the right bank of the Sava River, north of the main settlement in a small field area known as Zasavje, a late medieval village called Zasavje (German: Sasauje) was abandoned and never resettled after it was destroyed by severe flooding on January 25, 1781. The area is now considered an archaeological site, although it has not been excavated. Field surveys and aerial photography in the Trnje area of Krška Vas indicate the presence of foundations of buildings from the Roman era.

## Landmarks
### Church

The village church is dedicated to Saints Hermagoras and Fortunatus and belongs to the parish of Cerklje ob Krki. It was built in the 16th century and some of the original wall paintings are preserved. The single nave has flat roof and a multi-angular star vaulted sanctuary. The western facade was remodeled in Baroque style in the 18th century.
# Jastrzębia, Radom County

Jastrzębia is a village in Radom County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It is the seat of the gmina (administrative district) called Gmina Jastrzębia. It lies approximately 13 kilometres (8 mi) north-east of Radom and 82 km (51 mi) south of Warsaw.
# Tus Citadel

The Citadel of Tus (Persian: ارگ توس Arg-e Tus) is a citadel from the Sassanid era, located in Tus, in Razavi Khorasan province of Iran.
It is made of brick and is rectangular in shape, having four circular towers at each corner, with two more circular towers in the inner structure. Not much remains of the structure; however, its size is comparable to other large citadels of the Sassanid era of Iran.
# John Stewart of Darnley

Sir John Stewart of Darnley, 1st Comte d'Évreux, 1st Seigneur de Concressault, 1st Seigneur d'Aubigny (c. 1380 – 1429) was a Scottish nobleman and famous military commander who served as Constable of the Scottish Army in France, supporting the French against the English during the Hundred Years War. He was a fourth cousin of King James I of Scotland (reigned 1406 to 1437), the third monarch of the House of Stewart.

## Life

The son of Sir Alexander Stewart of Darnley and Janet Keith, he was a distant cousin of the Stewart Kings of Scotland, being descended from the second son of Alexander Stewart, 4th High Steward of Scotland, Sir John Stewart of Bonkyll.
Darnley inherited his father's estates in 1404, and was knighted c. 1418. In 1418 the Dauphin of France asked James I, King of Scotland, for aid against the English, requesting Darnley by name, and he left in 1419 with the expeditionary force under the Earls of Buchan (Darnley's cousin) and Wigtown. By 1420 Darnley was referred to as Constable of the Scottish Army there.
Darnley fought at the Dauphin's first victory against the English at the Battle of Baugé in 1421. He was made Seigneur of Concressault in 1421. When the Dauphin became Charles VII King of France, Darnley entered his service, and Charles rewarded him with the seigneurie (lordship) of Aubigny-sur-Nère in 1422.
Charles ordered Darnley to cross the Loire and retake Auxerrois [fr] and Nevernois, and he besieged Cravant, but was defeated, captured and lost an eye. He was therefore not at the Battle of Verneuil, at which the Franco-Scottish army was heavily defeated. His ransom was reimbursed by Charles, and Darnley commanded the remaining Scots soldiers in France to form what became the Garde Écossaise, or Scottish Guards for the King of France.
Following a victory over the English at Mont Saint-Michel, Darnley was made Count of Évreux to compensate him for his expenses, and Darnley promised to relinquish it for 50,000 gold crowns. Darnley raised the siege of Montargis. Charles, unable to pay him, permitted him to quarter the Fleur-de-Lis to his coat of arms.
In 1428, he along with Renaud of Chartres, the Archbishop of Rheims, returned to Scotland to raise further troops, and to negotiate the future marriage between Princess Margaret of Scotland, and the Charles' son Louis. He returned again to France in 1429, where he took part in the Siege of Orléans where he arrived with 1000 men. Four days later, he commanded the Scottish contingent at the Battle of the Herrings, where he was killed, and his brother William, who tried to rescue him.
John Stewart of Darnley was buried in the Sainte-Croix Cathedral, Orléans.

## Marriage

Darnley married Elizabeth, a daughter of Donnchadh, Earl of Lennox c. 1408. She remained in Scotland, but at some time followed Darnley to France, where she died 10 months after him and is buried beside him at Orléans. They had:
* Sir Alan Stewart of Darnley, from whom descend the Stewart Earls of Lennox, and James VI of Scotland.
* Sir John Stewart, 2nd Lord of Aubigny
* Alexander Stewart of Darnley
# Jaszowice, Masovian Voivodeship

Jaszowice is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Zakrzew, within Radom County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland.
# Jaźwiny, Gmina Borowie

Jaźwiny is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Borowie, within Garwolin County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland.
# Jedlanka, Zwoleń County

Jedlanka is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Zwoleń, within Zwoleń County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately 5 kilometres (3 mi) north of Zwoleń and 100 km (62 mi) south-east of Warsaw.
# Abdolabad, Qazvin

Abdolabad (Persian: عبدل اباد, also Romanized as ‘Abdolābād) is a village in Eqbal-e Sharqi Rural District, in the Central District of Qazvin County, Qazvin Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 761, in 206 families.
# PC Play & Learn

PC Play & Learn: Learning Fun with Dan and Whizzo (commonly abbreviated to PC Play & Learn) was a series of British Point-and-click adventure educational software game produced by International Masters Publishers in association with act-two, and released throughout the early to mid-2000s, delivered as part of a subscription. In these games, you would play with four dinosaurs, Dan, his older sister, Pink's friend Delilah, and Dan's pet, Whizzo. The series would come in separate CD-ROM discs in the subscription, along with a booklet and a mini binder. The series was relatively obscure until popular YouTube user tamago2474 featured it in a video for April Fool's Day in 2018, creating a renewed interest in the series for a short period of time.

## Gameplay

In the games, you would play with the dinosaur characters in the Play Zone (later the Tree House), learning basic skills like numbers and counting, music, letters and the alphabet, and more. Along the way you would collect dinosaur egg pieces, and collecting four would grant access to a special Dinosaur for that disc (e.g. Sportysaurus in "Let's Make Friends"). Each disc would have a different theme, like "Under the Sea".

## Characters
### Main

* Dan – A green dinosaur, also one of the main characters of the series. He was three until "Birthday Surprise!" when he turns four.
* Pink – A pink dinosaur, and Dan's big sister.
* Delilah – An orange dinosaur, and Dan and Pink's friend.
* Whizzo – A pinkish-red pterodactyl-like bird, he is Dan's pet. He spends most of the time flying around. He doesn’t speak, English, but he squawks.

### Friends

* Dippy
* Sissy
* Henry
* Troy
* Maisie
* Amy
* Tiny Dino – Delilah’s pet, who is very good at jumping. and even won 1st place for it in a pet show. mentioned in perfect pets.
* Monty – A bus driver. His only known physical appearance is in the story featured in the "Wheels Go Round" book.
* Baby D – A giant pale green dinosaur, only his feet are visible. He spends most of the time running around. His name was first mentioned in "Under the Sea".

## List of titles

* Let's Make Friends
* Under the Sea
* Perfect Pets
* Wheels Go Round
* Green and Growing
* Birthday Surprise
* Wild Animals
* Outer Space
* Going Shopping
* At the Beach
* Jobs People Do
* In the Park
* Little Beasts and Bugs
* Fun and Games
* Bedtime
* On the Farm
* Up, Up and Away!
* Happy Birthday, Pink!
* Hot and Sunny
* Our Five Senses
* Fairground Fun
* B-R-R-R! It's Freezing
* Let's Pretend
* Rain and Shine
* Painting Pictures
* Birds of a Feather
* School Days
* A New Baby
* Dinosaurs
* Museum Adventure
* Kings and Queens
* Long, Long Ago
* Calendars
* Sun and Moon
# Jelonek, Przysucha County

Jelonek is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Odrzywół, within Przysucha County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately 3 kilometres (2 mi) south-east of Odrzywół, 15 km (9 mi) north of Przysucha, and 85 km (53 mi) south of Warsaw.
# Jerzyska

Jerzyska is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Łochów, within Węgrów County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately 5 kilometres (3 mi) north-west of Łochów, 31 km (19 mi) north-west of Węgrów, and 60 km (37 mi) north-east of Warsaw.
# Jeżewo, Płock County

Jeżewo is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Nowy Duninów, within Płock County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland.
# Jeżówka, Masovian Voivodeship

Jeżówka is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Sochaczew, within Sochaczew County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately 9 kilometres (6 mi) south-east of Sochaczew and 49 km (30 mi) west of Warsaw.
# Kondelan, Isfahan

Kondelan (Persian: كندلان, also Romanized as Kondelān; also known as Kondūlān and Ondelān) is a village in Baraan-e Shomali Rural District, in the Central District of Isfahan County, Isfahan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 881, in 231 families.
# Brenner Regional Council

Brenner Regional Council (Hebrew: מועצה אזורית ברנר, Mo'atza Azorit Brenner; Arabic: المجلس الإقليمي برنر), is a regional council in the Central District of Israel. It is located in the westernmost portion of the Shephelah, in the vicinity of Rehovot and Yavne. The council is named after writer Yosef Haim Brenner, killed in the Jaffa riots of 1921.
The Council was established in 1950, with a jurisdiction of 36,000 dunams. As of 2007, the six communities in the council (two kibbutzim and four moshavim) are home to approximately 6,000 inhabitants.

## Settlements

| Kibbutzim Givat Brenner Kvutzat Shiller | Moshavim Beit Elazari Bnaya Gibton Kidron |
# Rosalia Spirer

Rosalia Spirer, also Etti-Rosa Spirer (16 April 1900 – 30 March 1990), was a Romanian-born Soviet Moldavian architect.
Born in Galați, in the Romanian Old Kingdom, Spirer was one of five children, four girls and a boy, in a Jewish family. Her father, Ludwig, was an estate manager while her mother, a housewife, instructed her in needlework. After completing high school, she studied architecture at the Bucharest Superior School of Architecture, graduating in 1925.
In 1932, she moved to Bălți, in the Bessarabia province of what had become Greater Romania. There, as the only trained architect, she oversaw architectural planning, including expansion of the prefecture building. During the Second World War, she worked on a farm in the Saratov region, although she spoke no Russian. In 1944, she returned to Bessarabia, much of which was now part of the Moldavian SSR within the Soviet Union. There, she worked in the republic's capital of Chișinău renovating the Zhdanov Library, now the Municipal Library (1946), the Ministry of Finance building (1948), and the Sfatul Țării Palace (1950). She went on to design multi-storey residential buildings.
Spirer remained in good health until the end. She died on 30 March 1990, at age 89.

## Literature

* Berkovich, Gary. Reclaiming a History. Jewish Architects in Imperial Russia and the USSR. Volume 3. Socialist Realism: 1933–1955. Weimar und Rostock: Grunberg Verlag. 2022. P. 107. ISBN 978-3-933713-64-3.
# Khanom keson lamchiak

Khanom keson lamchiak (Thai: ขนมเกสรลำเจียก, pronounced) is a kind of Thai dessert. It can be considered as a rare and little known dessert.
This kind of dessert was often cooked and used in various auspicious occasions in the past. Khanom keson lamchiak is shaped like a Khanom Tokyo, that is, it is a thin flat flour filled with sweet cream.
Khanom keson lamchiak has only three ingredients include glutinous rice, sugar and coconut. It is cooked using glutinous rice flour mixed with coconut milk, sift through a sieve on hot pan, then filled with glutinous rice flour stirred with coconut and sugar, and roll into a long thin sheet as the final step.
If eaten while still hot, will get the aroma of dessert, hence the name khanom keson lamchiak, literally "pandanus pollen snack"
This kind of dessert is assumed to have originated since the early Rattanakosin period. Based on the evidence mentioned in the poem Kap He Chom Khrueang Khao Wan, a work of King Rama II. It is believed that there is a source that is Samut Songkhram, which was his birthplace.
Khanom keson lamchiak is also similar to Bunga-kuda, a local dessert of Satun and Malay Peninsula.
Currently, there are only a few places that still make and sell this kind of dessert, such as Chumchon Khanom Plaek of Chanthaburi, San Chao Rong Thong Old Market in Ang Thong, and was chosen to be One Tambon One Product (OTOP) of Samut Prakan etc.