OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Verkhovazhye

Verkhovazhye (Russian: Верхова́жье) is a rural locality (a selo) and the administrative center of Verkhovazhsky District of Vologda Oblast, Russia, located on the right bank of the Vaga River. It also serves as the administrative center of Verkhovazhsky Selsoviet, one of the fourteen selsoviets into which the district is administratively divided. Municipally, it is the administrative center of Verkhovazhskoye Rural Settlement. Population: 5,025 (2010 Census); 5,206 (2002 Census); 4,684 (1989 Soviet census).

## Etymology

The name of Verkhovazhye means literally "on the Upper Vaga".

## History

The area of Verkhovazhye and the upper course of the Vaga were populated already in the 13th century. Due to its location on one of the main waterways connecting central Russia and the White Sea (it was controlled first by Novgorodians, and after the fall of Novgorod was transferred to the Grand Duchy of Moscow), and the later construction of the surface road connecting Moscow and Arkhangelsk, by the 17th century Verkhovazhye was a major trading settlement. It was first mentioned in the 17th century, and in 1678 it became a posad, a semi-urban settlement. In the 18th century industry was introduced, which included a distillery, an iron works, and a paper production plant. In the 18th century, Verkhovazhnsky Posad (currently Verkhovazhye) was one of the main trading towns in the Russian North, holding two annual fairs. In 1810, a secondary school was opened.
In the course of the administrative reform carried out in 1708 by Peter the Great the area was included into Archangelgorod Governorate. Vaga volosts were explicitly mentioned as one of the towns included in the governorate. In 1780, the governorate was abolished and transformed into Vologda Viceroyalty. The latter was abolished in 1796, and the part of it which included Verkhovazhye was made Vologda Governorate. Since 1780, the upper Vaga lands were part of Velsky Uyezd with the administrative center in the town of Velsk. On July 15, 1929, the uyezds were abolished, and Velsky Uyezd was split into Velsky, Verkhovazhsky, and Ustyansky Districts. Verkhovazhye became the administrative center of Verkhovazhsky District. On July 30, 1931, Verkhovazhsky District was merged into Velsky District, and on January 25, 1935, it was reestablished.

## Economy
### Industry

The economy is based on timber industry. Food industry is also present.

### Transportation

One of the principal highways in Russia, M8, which connects Moscow and Arkhangelsk, runs along the left bank of the Vaga, bypassing Verkhovazhye. There are also local roads, with the bus traffic originating from Verkhovazhye.

## Culture and recreation

The district contains forty-one objects classified as cultural and historical heritage of local significance.
The only state museum in Verkhovazhye is the Historical Museum of Verkhovazhsky District.
# Zirkeyk

Zirkeyk (Persian: زيركيك, also Romanized as Zīrkeyk; also known as Ganzerīg, Genizī Zīrīk, and Zīnkīk) is a village in Irandegan Rural District, Irandegan District, Khash County, Sistan and Baluchestan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 173, in 35 families.
# Hans Martin (cyclist)

Hans Martin (29 April 1913 – 30 May 2005) was a Swiss racing cyclist. He rode in the 1936 Tour de France.
# Victory Square, Chernihiv

Victory Square (Ukrainian: Площа Перемоги; a square in the Novozavodsky district of Chernihiv at the intersection of Victory Avenue and Ivan Mazepa Street.

## History

The square was formed after the Great Patriotic War and is called by its modern name in honor of the victory of the Red Army and the Soviet people over Nazi Germany in the Great Patriotic War of 1941–1945. In 1968, in the center of the square in honor of the 25th anniversary of the liberation of the city, a memorial sign was erected in honor of the Monument to Soldiers Liberators. In September 2018 they repaired the road surface on Victory Square (in the center of which is a post with a T-34 tank – a memorial sign in honor of the development of Chernihiv).

## Description

Traffic is not regulated by traffic lights. A public garden is laid out on the square – a protected zone for a historical monument of local significance. There is a memorial in honor of Soviet soldiers-liberators, which is a tank on a pedestal. The sections of Pobeda Avenue and Ivan Mazepa Street adjacent to the square are occupied by multi-storey residential buildings (mainly five, eight and fifteen-storey residential buildings).

## Transport

The main Chernihiv–Ovruch railway is located nearby and bus routes number 1, 3, 4, 5, and 7 have two stops: Ploshchad Pobedy on Pobedy Avenue and Ivan Mazepa Street.

## Gallery

* View of Victory Square with the Monument to Soldiers Liberators
* Memorial sign in honor of Soviet liberators, Chernihiv, the intersection of st. Mazepa and Victory Avenue
# Philip Mahony (politician)

Philip Mahony (1 October 1897 – 20 April 1972) was an Irish Clann na Talmhan politician. A farmer by profession, he was elected to Dáil Éireann as a Clann na Talmhan Teachta Dála (TD) for the Kilkenny constituency at the 1943 general election. He was defeated at the 1944 general election.
# Quinta de San Pedro Alejandrino

The Quinta de San Pedro Alejandrino (English: Quinta of Saint Peter of Alexandria) is an hacienda or quinta built in 1608, famous for being the death place of Simón Bolívar on December 17, 1830. The hacienda is located in the corregimiento of Mamatoco within the tourist district of Santa Marta, near the Caribbean Sea in northern Colombia.

## History

In Bolívar's time, the estate produced rum, honey and panela.

## Modern day

Nowadays it functions as a tourist site, museum and historical landmark. There is a small entrance fee for the museum with a discount for children.
# National Route 615 (Costa Rica)

National Tertiary Route 615, or just Route 615 (Spanish: Ruta Nacional Terciaria 615, or Ruta 615) is a National Road Route of Costa Rica, located in the Puntarenas province.

## Description

In Puntarenas province the route covers Montes de Oro canton (Miramar, La Unión districts).
# Fangyi

A fangyi (Chinese: 方彜; Wade–Giles: fang-i; 'square bronze') is a type of Chinese ritual bronze container typical of the Shang and early to middle Zhou periods of Bronze Age China (circa 1800-900 BCE). It takes the shape of a square or rectangular casket with a cover that resembles a hip roof, surmounted by a knob of a similar hipped appearance. The lower edge is typically indented with a semi-circular notch.
They are usually lavishly decorated, often with taotie patterns representing mythological beasts. They were sometimes connected to create a twin container or oufangyi. Their form differed somewhat over time; those produced during the Shang typically had straight bodies, those of the early Zhou bulge at the sides and mid-Zhou ones have handles that look like an elephant's trunk. The Sinologist Carl Hentze suggested that the shape of the vessel represents an ancestral temple of the period, with sloping roofs, projecting beams and a square or rectangular base.
Fangyi appear to have evolved from pottery vessels in the Neolithic period and were also carved from white marble during the Shang. They first appeared in bronze either at the start of the Yinxu period (13th-11th century BC) or during the 14th century transition between the Erligang culture and the Yinxu. They disappeared in the middle part of the Western Zhou period.
They are believed to have been used to hold ritual food offerings, though it is also possible that they could have been used to hold wine. During the Shang and Zhou eras, kings and aristocrats customarily sought to bring good fortune and avert evil by sacrificing to the ancestors. They were used both in life and as grave goods, and have been found in tombs such as that of the 13th century BC queen Fu Hao.
Many fangyi were inscribed with very early forms of Chinese writing, generally representing the names of the owners of the vessels or the ancestors to whom they were dedicated. The inscriptions usually appear on the interior walls or floors of the vessels and on the undersides of the lids. They were cast into the bronze rather than being incised into the metal. The highly pictographic form of the shorter Shang-era inscriptions later developed into lengthier inscriptions by the time of the Zhou, with more standardised written characters often commemorating events involving the individual who had commissioned the vessel. Fangyi thus represent an important source for ancient Chinese history and the development of the Chinese writing system.
# Jeżewo, Pułtusk County

Jeżewo is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Pułtusk, within Pułtusk County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland.
# Trams in Dublin

Trams in Dublin may refer to:
* Dublin tramways (a system of trams that operated in Dublin between 1872 and 1949)
* Luas (a system of trams that has operated in Dublin since 2004)
# Juliszew

Juliszew is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Słubice, within Płock County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately 7 kilometres (4 mi) north-west of Słubice, 20 km (12 mi) south-east of Płock, and 80 km (50 mi) west of Warsaw.
# Tizak Castle

Tizak castle (Persian: قلعه تیزک) is a historical castle located in Abarkuh County in Yazd Province, The longevity of this fortress dates back to the Qajar dynasty.
# Hans Spengler

Hans Spengler (6 July 1917 – 19 June 2003) was a Swiss footballer who played in the 1940s. He played as a striker.
Spengler played his early football for SC Brühl St. Gallen. He joined Basel's first team for their 1942–43 season under player-manager Eugen Rupf. After playing two test games, Spengler played his domestic league debut for his new club in the away game on 6 September 1942 as Basel were defeated 0–6 by Grasshopper Club. Basel played a bad season and during the winter break Spengler moved on.
In the six months that he was by the club Spengler played a total of ten games for Basel scoring a total of four goals. Eight of these games were in the Nationalliga and two were friendly games. He scored all four goals in the two test games.
Spengler joined FC Zürich and played the rest of the 1942–43 Nationalliga for them. Spengler played his domestic league debut for Zürich in the away game on 27 December 1942 as they won 2–0 against Young Boys. He played ten league games for the club scoring three goals. He played two games in the Swiss Cup, scoring one goal, and played one test match, in which he scored a hat-trick against Luzern as Zürich won by six goals to one.
Following his time in Zürich Spengler returned to Brühl St. Gallen.
# Seokgwan-dong

Seokgwan-dong (Korean: 석관동) is a dong (neighbourhood) of Seongbuk District, Seoul, South Korea.

## Notable places

* Uireung (의릉 懿陵)
# Eton School (Mexico)

Eton School (Spanish: Colegio Eton, S.C.) is a private preschool through high school in Mexico City. There is a toddler center and a preschool in Lomas de Chapultepec, Miguel Hidalgo, while the campus for elementary through high school is in Santa Fe and in Cuajimalpa. As of 2016 the school has about 1,400 students.
Margarita Arzac, a Mexican woman, founded the school in 1990.
# Iris vartanii

Iris vartanii is a plant species in the genus Iris. It is classified in the subgenus Hermodactyloides and section Reticulatae. It is a bulbous perennial.
It was once thought to be part of the Iris subgenus Xiphium. It is sometimes referred to as 'Vartanni Iris', or 'Iris vartani'.
It was first described in 1885 in Gardeners' Chronicle, and an illustration (No.6942) was published in Curtis's Botanical Magazine two years later. It was named by Sir Michael Foster after Dr. Kaloost Vartan from Nazareth. Who discovered the iris while working in Palestine in the foothills around Nazareth, and sent the specimen to Foster for classification. It was originally described as brown in colour, presumably due to deterioration in transportation.

## Habit

It has four leaves that are un-equalsided and up to 20 cm tall (when in flower), but that increases to nearly 40 cm later.
It flowers between October and December. The flowers are greyish lilac-white, (or slaty blue) with falls having dark blue veins. The flowers smell of almonds.
Due to its early flowering (during winter), the leaves can be damaged (by snow and ice) so much that the plant does not form healthy bulbs for the next year. So it is best grown like other species of iris in an alpine house or bulb frame. It is hardy to USDA Zone 3.
Like other members of the reticulata group (including Iris danfordiae), it has the habit of the main bulb splitting into many bulblets, that can take many years (between 2–3 years) to reach flowering size again.

## Distribution

It was originally found near the city of Nazareth in Israel. and it was also found in Jordan and Syria. On rocky hillsides. It is found in Golan, Galilee, Mount Carmel, Samarian desert and Judean Mountains, various regions of Levantine. But according to Dr Dawud Al-Eisawi's book Field Guide to Wild Flowers of Jordan (1998), it is now thought to be extinct in Jordan.

## Cultivar

I. vartanii White pearl First found in 1910 in Beersheba and Hebron, it was originally thought to be a white form of I. histrioides. On 21 December 1912, it was described in The Garden magazine of the Royal Horticultural Society, now as a white form of I. vartanii. Then in 1913, it gained Award of Merit by the RHS.
It is sometimes referred to as Iris vartanii var. alba.
# Allahabad-e Jahangir Khan

Allahabad-e Jahangir Khan (Persian: الله‌آباد جهانگیر خان, also Romanized as Allāhābād-e Jahāngīr Khān; also known as Allāhābād) is a village in Aliabad Rural District, in the Central District of Anbarabad County, Kerman Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 287, in 56 families.
# Miri Yampolsky

Miri Yampolsky is a Russian pianist and a naturalised Israeli citizen.
In 1994, Yampolsky won the IX José Iturbi Competition. A lecturer at the Cornell University's Department of Music, she has organised a Shostakovich Festival at Ithaca.
Her relatives include pianists Vladimir Yampolsky and Tatiana Yampolsky, and conductor Victor Yampolsky. She is married to Xak Bjerken, and has three children, Misha, Anna, and Maya.
# Charles Laberge

Charles Laberge (October 21, 1827 – August 3, 1874) was a Quebec lawyer, journalist and political figure.
He was born in Montreal, Lower Canada in 1827 and studied at the Séminaire de Saint-Hyacinthe from 1838 to 1845, when he completed his classical studies. During his time in school, he helped found the Institut canadien de Montréal. He articled in law with René-Auguste-Richard Hubert at Montreal and was admitted to the bar in 1848. Laberge entered practice with Toussaint-Antoine-Rodolphe Laflamme, later setting up on his own at Saint-Jean-d'Iberville. He was an early contributor to the newspaper L'Avenir. He supported annexation with the United States. In 1854, Laberge was elected to the Legislative Assembly of the Province of Canada for Iberville as a member of the parti rouge. He was reelected in 1858 and was named solicitor general later that year; he retired from politics in 1860. Laberge was named Queen's Counsel in 1858. As a loyal Catholic, he was greatly disturbed when the church condemned the Institut canadien de Montréal in 1858. He married Hélène-Olive, daughter of Joseph-Ovide Turgeon, in 1859. In 1860, with Félix-Gabriel Marchand, he found the paper Le Franco-Canadien; he also contributed to L'Ordre at Montreal. In 1863, he was appointed judge in the Quebec Superior Court at Sorel. He opposed Confederation, but ran unsuccessfully in Saint-Jean in 1867. He served two terms as mayor of Saint-Jean-d'Iberville. In 1872, he became editor of Le National at Montreal.
He died in Montreal in 1874 and was buried in the Notre-Dame-des-Neiges Cemetery.
vte1867 Canadian federal election: St. John's :
| Party | Candidate | Votes |
| | Liberal | François Bourassa | 696 |
| | Unknown | Charles Laberge | 600 |
| Source: Canadian Elections Database |||||||
# Gerolakkos

Gerolakkos (Greek: Γερόλακκος; Turkish: Alayköy) is a village near Nicosia, the capital of Cyprus. It is immediately north of the Green Line. Nicosia International Airport (now defunct) is located about 2 km to its south-east. De facto, Gerolakkos is under the control of Northern Cyprus.
# Sirdar

The rank of Sirdar (Arabic: سردار) – a variant of Sardar – was assigned to the British Commander-in-Chief of the British-controlled Egyptian Army in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. The Sirdar resided at the Sirdaria, a three-block-long property in Zamalek which was also the home of British military intelligence in Egypt.

## List of officeholders

| No. | Sirdar | Took office | Left office | Time in office | Ref. |
| 1 | Wood, EvelynSir Evelyn Wood (1838–1919) | 21 December 1882 | 31 March 1885 | 2 years | – |
| 2 | Grenfell, FrancisLord Grenfell (1841–1925) | 19 April 1886 | 12 April 1892 | 6 years | – |
| 3 | Kitchener, HerbertLord Kitchener (1850–1916) | 13 April 1892 | 1899 | 7 years | – |
| 4 | Wingate, ReginaldSir Reginald Wingate (1861–1953) | 1899 | 1916 | 16–17 years | – |
| 5 | Stack, LeeSir Lee Stack (1868–1924) | 1916 | 20 November 1924 † | 7–8 years | – |
| 6 | Spinks, CharltonSir Charlton Spinks (1877–1959) | November 1924 | 12 January 1937 | 12 years, 2 months | – |
# Seongnae-dong

Seongnae-dong (Korean: 성내동) is a dong (neighbourhood) of Gangdong District, Seoul, South Korea.
# The Suffolk Journal

The Suffolk Journal is the undergraduate student newspaper of Suffolk University. It has operated continuously since 1936. The Journal prints a 16-page weekly newspaper, distributed across campus.
The Journal is currently located in the Sawyer building on Ashburton Place close to the Massachusetts State House. Previously, the office was located on the fifth floor of the Donahue building on Temple Street. Students across different majors help to put the paper together every week. Students are encouraged to send in their articles or opinion pieces.
Managed and produced entirely by undergraduate students, The Journal is committed to providing news coverage, both on and off campus, entertainment and sports stories, editorials and reviews.
There are four sections of the paper: News, Arts & Culture, Opinion and Sports.
Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, in 2020 The Suffolk Journal started The Suffolk Journal Newsletter.
# Sergio Pesce

Sergio Pesce (1916–1995) was an Italian cinematographer.

## Selected filmography

* The Lion of Damascus (1942)
* Macario Against Zagomar (1944)
* The Ten Commandments (1945)
* The Iron Swordsman (1949)
* Twenty Years (1949)
* Son of d'Artagnan (1950)
* The Transporter (1950)
* Free Escape (1951)
* The Legend of the Piave (1952)
* Love Song (1954)
* The Mysteries of Paris (1957)
* La sceriffa (1959)
# Sušak, Ilirska Bistrica

Sušak (pronounced; Italian: Sussa) is a small village in the Municipality of Ilirska Bistrica in the Inner Carniola region of Slovenia, close to the border with Croatia.

## Mass grave

Sušak is the site of a mass grave from the end of the Second World War. The Hunting Lodge Mass Grave (Slovene: Grobišče pri lovskem domu) lies about 600 meters (2,000 ft) east of the center of Sušak and about 30 meters (98 ft) from a hunting lodge. It contains the remains of German soldiers from the 97th Corps that were killed at the beginning of May 1945.

## Church

The local church in the settlement is dedicated to John the Baptist and belongs to the Parish of Jelšane.
# Joseph Laurin

Joseph Laurin (October 18, 1811 – March 3, 1888) was a Quebec notary, author and political figure.
He was born in Quebec City in 1811 and studied at the Petit Séminaire de Québec. He taught there and at the Collège de Sainte-Anne-de-la-Pocatière but then articled as a notary, qualifying in 1839. During this period, he also prepared five textbooks intended for use in the province's schools. Laurin set up practice as a notary in Quebec City. In 1840, he became secretary and legal advisor to the Société Amicale et Bienviellante des Charpentiers de Vaisseaux de Québec, an association for workers in the shipbuilding industry. He ran unsuccessfully in 1836 for a seat in the legislative assembly; in 1844, he was elected to the Legislative Assembly of the Province of Canada for Lotbinière as a Reformer; he was reelected in 1848 and 1851. During his time in the assembly, he lobbied for the use of French in the parliament. Laurin helped organize the Association des Notaires du District de Québec, later serving in turn as secretary, treasurer and president. He served on the city council for Quebec City and in the local militia, becoming lieutenant-colonel in 1858. He was also mayor of L'Ancienne-Lorette from 1858 to 1862. In 1868, he was named superintendent of waterfront lots for Quebec and agent for the Lauzon seigneury.
He died at Ancienne-Lorette in 1888.
# Naser Sara

Naser Sara (Persian: ناصرسرا, also Romanized as Nāşer Sarā) is a village in Chini Jan Rural District, in the Central District of Rudsar County, Gilan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 1,009, in 305 families.
# Jurzyn, Masovian Voivodeship

Jurzyn is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Nowe Miasto, within Płońsk County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland.
# New Nubariya

New Nubariya (Arabic: النوبارية الجديدة) is a town in Egypt, approximately 100 miles (160 km) north of Cairo.
New Nubariya consists of two residential areas, the first residential area has 960 housing units, and the second area hasa thousand units, and it contains three major mosques. During the year 2008, President Mohamed Hosni Mubarak launched the Build My Home project, which contributed to increasing the residential areas of the city, through the implementation of 3 neighborhoods named A, B and C on the western side of the Sumed pipeline to transport oil.
The settlement was founded in 1986 as part of an irrigation scheme using water from the Nile.
The population of the New Nubaria is 23,282 people, according to the 2021 official estimate.
In Nubaria city, there are a group of factories with different activities, such as agricultural crop packing and food processing.
# Dozak, Hormozgan

Dozak (Persian: دزک; also known as Dezekeh and Dozag) is a village in Isin Rural District, in the Central District of Bandar Abbas County, Hormozgan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 128, in 37 families.