OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Alexander Lerner

Alexander Yakovlevich Lerner (Russian: Александр Яковлевич Лернер; 7 September 1913, Vinnytsia, Russian Empire – 6 April 2004, Rehovot, Israel) was a scientist and Soviet refusenik.

## Biography
### Early years

He was born to a Jewish family in Vinnytsia, Russian Empire (now Ukraine). His father was a pharmacist and had a drugstore. He graduated from a seven-year school in Vinnitsa at age 12 instead of 14, skipping two grades. His school performance was mediocre, as Lerner was more interested in science outside the school program. At the age of 13 he entered the electromechanical college, where he mastered the profession of technician-engineer.

### Scientific career

Lerner graduated with a degree in electrical engineering from the Moscow Power Engineering Institute in 1938, and received a Ph.D. from the same institution in 1940. During World War II, he worked on installing and debugging US equipment at a steel mill in Siberia while it was under construction. In 1943, when the construction was finished, Lerner went back to Moscow, where he served as the chief engineer of the Central Autonomous Laboratory at the Soviet Ministry of Ferrous Metallurgy in Moscow.
Lerner became a member of the Soviet scientific and technological elite. He was a leading practitioner of cybernetics. It is a branch of science that deals with human control systems like the brain and nervous systems where they interconnect with complex electronic systems. His mathematical equations were used in forecasting supply and demand for vital materials like steel, or allocating scarce resources.

### Becoming refusenik

He was the first prominent Soviet scientist to seek to emigrate to Israel. His request was denied, and resulted in the sudden loss of his positions and privileges. In 1977, a letter was published in the Soviet newspaper Izvestiya calling Lerner "the leader of an espionage nest." His closest associates in the refusenik movement — Natan Sharansky, Vladimir Slepak and Ida Nudel — were arrested. He was finally granted an exit permit and emigrated to Israel on 27 January 1988, after 16 years of harassment by the KGB, together with his son, daughter-in-law and granddaughter.
Lerner accepted an appointment in the mathematics department at the Weizmann Institute of Science where he pursued a number of projects, including the development of an artificial heart and the construction of a mathematical model to predict the behavior of developed societies.
He died in 2004 in Rehovot at the age of 90.

## Famous followers

Professor Vladimir Burkov, the head of Laboratory of Active Systems in V.A. Trapeznikov Institute of Control Sciences of RAS, Moscow, Russia.
Professor Vladimir Vapnik, pioneer in statistical learning theory.
# Greek destroyer Doxa (1906)

The Greek destroyer (τορπιλλοβόλον) Doxa (Greek: Δόξα, "glory"), served in the Royal Hellenic Navy from 1907–1917. She was one of four Niki-class destroyers ordered from Germany in 1905 and was built in the Vulcan shipyard at Stettin.
She saw action in the First Balkan War in 1912–13 under Alexandros Chatzikyriakos. During World War I, Greece did not enter the war on the side of the Triple Entente until 1917 and, due to Greece's neutrality the four Niki-class ships had been seized by the Allies in October 1916, taken over by the French in November and served in the French Navy until 1917. On 27 June 1917, while serving with the French Navy on escort duty, Doxa was attacked and sunk by the Imperial German Navy submarine UB-47 in the Straits of Messina at 38°08′N 15°35′E﻿ / ﻿38.133°N 15.583°E﻿ / 38.133; 15.583, resulting in 29 deaths.
# Arthur Spiegel

Arthur Henry Spiegel I (January 12, 1885 – April 7, 1916) was an American mail-order businessman and early film studio executive.

## Biography

Spiegel was the youngest son of Jewish businessman Joseph Spiegel, founder of the Spiegel Home Furnishings merchandising house based in Chicago and the Spiegel catalog. He had little interest in the furnishing business. He asked his father to allow him to begin selling by mail order. His father agreed, and in a short time the mail order business outstripped the home furnishings business, which the family then closed to concentrate on mail order. Shortly after, in 1914, Spiegel left the mail order business and started in the film business as the partner of Jack L. Warner and Lewis J. Selznick.
Spiegel provided the investment backing to Lewis J. Selznick to start Equitable. In 1914, Spiegel again invested in Selznick to form the World Film Company headquartered in Fort Lee, New Jersey, the first American movie capital.
Under Selznick, World Film did not thrive and it was merged with Equitable, at which time Selznick was forced from the company, and Spiegel was made president and general manager of the new World Pictures. In a letter to Warner, shortly before his death, Spiegel apologized for not being able to attend an agreed meeting for World Pictures, explaining, "I have not been able to shake this cold." He died shortly afterwards, at 31, from pneumonia.
World Film had been created to import foreign-made features and to distribute the movies of several newly established feature-film companies, but later moved beyond distribution to produce films. In the early days of American film, World Pictures was one of the key studios.

## Personal life

Spiegel was married to Mae Oberfelder; they had one son, Arthur Henry Spiegel II (1908–2000). One of his great-grandchildren, Adam, is a filmmaker and actor using the name Spike Jonze, and another is the DJ Sam Spiegel.
Spiegel has a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame.
# Lac Agile (Mascouche) Airport

Lac Agile (Mascouche) Airport (TC LID: CSA2) is located 3.5 nautical miles (6.5 km; 4.0 mi) north northwest of Mascouche, Quebec, Canada. The airport has one runway; 03/21. It also has a pseudo ICAO code of CSA2. The airport is in the Montreal FIR.
This aviation weather observation was made for Montreal International (Mirabel) Airport on October 3,2024 23:00, local time.
# University of Almería

The University of Almería (Spanish: Universidad de Almería, UAL) is a public university situated in Almería, Spain. Located on the shore of the Mediterranean Sea, it belongs to the La Cañada de San Urbano district of Almería City. In 2008 the university offered 38 different degree programmes, with 871 lecturers, and 11,825 students.
At the time of its foundation, its initial governing was assigned to D. Alberto Fernández Gutiérrez, as Vice-Chancellor. In 2007 Pedro Molina García was elected rector. He was succeeded by Carmelo Rodríguez Torreblanca, who obtained the 68.24% of the votes, elected by the university community in the elections that took place in early 2015, taking over from D. Alfredo Martinez Almécija. He was reelected on 28 May 2019 with 87% of votes. Carmelo was succeeded by José Céspedes with the 55.6% of the votes (2.285) against Diego Valera, who obtained 1.690.

## Access

The University of Almería is connected by roads and bus services to the city and the province.

### By road

It is possible to come via the coast, using the AL-3202 road. This road is mainly used by those coming from the south of the capital. There is also an access road to the north from the AL-3200. This connects with the AL-12 motorway, which provides quick access from the north of the capital and the rest of the metropolitan area. A number of students prefer to cross the Andarax River to avoid congestion. The AL-3200 is also used from the East, but this is rare given the low population density in that area. From early on parking spaces are scarce, so visitors often park several hundred yards away.

### By Public Transport

Bus routes 11, 12, 18 and 19 of the local bus service come to UAL, and connect it with the capital via the bus station, providing access to all students in the province. The service is busy during peak hours, so for this reason it is common to see additional buses on routes 13 and 14, exclusively for student use. The introduction of a tram is being considered, though government agencies do not deem it worthwhile.

## Colleges and Faculties
### Colleges

* Polytechnics
* Labour Relations

### Faculties

* Health Sciences
* Economics and Business Studies
* Natural Sciences
* Education
* Law
* Humanities
* Psychology

## Polyphonic Choir

The Polyphonic Choir of the University of Almería is a mixed polyphonic chamber choir, mainly composed of university students, created in the University of Almería (Almería, Andalusia, Spain). The University Choir was founded as a polyphonic choir in 1994. Its director since then has been José Luis Martínez who was previously director of Almeria's Vírgen del Mar Choir. Its main objective is the study, interpretation, and diffusion of polyphonic choral music of all eras and styles. It performs at all official functions of the university, as well as at various choral meetings, and participates in the music outreach programmes of Almería City Council, Almería Province Council, and the Ministry of Culture of Andalusia. It has performed more than 150 recitals throughout Spain, and its repertoire is close to 200 works. It has recorded several television shows, and a CD.
# Violeta Lastakauskaitė

Violeta Lastakauskaitė (born 28 December 1965) is a Lithuanian rower. She competed in the women's coxless pair event at the 1992 Summer Olympics.
# Bahawalpur Museum

The Bahawalpur Museum (Urdu: بہاولپور عجائب گھر), established in 1976, is a museum of archaeology, art, heritage, modern history and religion located in Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan. It comes under the control of Bahawalpur district government.
As of July 2022, the director of the museum is Muhammad Zubair Rabbani.

## Galleries

The museum as eight galleries, which include:
* Pakistan Movement gallery, consisting of a collection of photographs related to the Movement, including those of its leaders.
* Archaeological gallery, which represents the archaeological history of the region.
* Islamic gallery, which exhibits arms, paintings, textile specimen, and metal work related to the history of Islam.
* Regional cultural gallery, containing specimens of everyday objects used by people in the Cholistan Desert and the Bahawalnagar, Bahawalpur, and Rahim Yar Khan districts.
* Coin gallery, consisting of more than 300 coins
* Quran gallery, containing manuscripts, inscriptions and Quranic documents.
* Bahawalpur gallery, showing photographs and articles related to the princely state of Bahawalpur, which was the second-largest state in the British Raj.
* Cholistan gallery, displaying art and heritage of the Cholistan region.
* Sadiq Khan Gallery
# Geert Chatrou

Geert Chatrou is a professional whistler from the Netherlands.

## Early life

Chatrou was born in Sint Odiliënberg in 1969. He started whistling at the age of four inspired by his father who used to whistle around the house.

## Career

Chatrou won the International Whistler's Convention in 2004, 2005 and 2008 and was a judge at the IWC in 2010. He was also awarded male Entertainer of the year in 2006 and 2010. He whistled the music for movies "Idiots and Angels" and "Le petit Nicolas". He also plays the recorder and flute.

## Discography

* Chatroubadour (2005) with Ocobar
* Ornithology (2008)
* Strange Flute (2013) with Ocobar
# National Route 34 (Costa Rica)

National Primary Route 34, official name Carretera Pacífica Fernández Oreamuno (after Pacífica Fernández Oreamuno), and popularly known as Carretera Costanera Sur (South Coastal Drive), or just Route 34 (Spanish: Ruta Nacional Primaria 34, or Ruta 34), is a National Road Route and scenic route of Costa Rica, located in the Alajuela, Puntarenas provinces that connects Route 27 and Route 2 mostly along the central and south Pacific coast of the country, and is the recommended route over the Pan-American Highway when traveling between the south of the country to the Greater Metropolitan Area.

## Description

Starting north, an interchange in the town of Pozón, Orotina at Route 27 is the starting point, which continues south towards the beach town of Jacó. Then to the east to Parrita and Quepos, which provides access to Manuel Antonio National Park. Continuing to the east there is the interchange with Route 243 near Dominical beach and then the land area of the Ballena National Marine Park, and finishing at the interchange with Route 2.
In Alajuela province the route covers Orotina canton (Coyolar district).
In Puntarenas province the route covers Osa canton (Puerto Cortés, Palmar, Bahía Ballena districts), Quepos canton (Quepos, Savegre districts), Parrita canton (Parrita district), Garabito canton (Jacó, Tárcoles districts).

## History

The project for Route 34 started in 1978, with the proposal to provide better access to the coastal towns, particularly Jacó, Parrita and Quepos, due to the banana production of the area and then oil palm. It would also provide a flatter access to the south of the country than Route 2 through Cerro de la Muerte.
In 1983 the asphalt road was finished between Parrita and Quepos, but it wasn't until April 29th 2010 that the entirety of the road was finished, with the missing segment between Quepos and Dominical paved.
Due to the low urbanization in the area, there are a lot of wildlife accidents along this route.

### Damage on Coronado River bridge

Since 2017 erosion and loosening of the foundations of the bridge over Coronado river at Kilometre 179 (9°03′06″N 83°37′11″W﻿ / ﻿9.051751°N 83.619591°W﻿ / 9.051751; -83.619591) has been noticed, putting the bridge at risk, on 15 August 2020, the bridge was closed and traffic rerouted around the area through San Isidro de El General, using Route 243 and Route 2.
# Çaush

Çaush (Albanian definite form: Çaushi; Greek: Τσαούσι; romanized: Tsaoúsi) is a village in Vlorë County, southern Albania. At the 2015 local government reform it became part of the municipality of Finiq. It is inhabited solely by Greeks.

## Etymology

The name of the village is of Albanian origin.

## Demographics

According to Ottoman statistics, the village had 128 inhabitants in 1895. The village had 718 inhabitants in 1993, all ethnically Greeks.
# Alendan

Alandan (Persian: الندان, also Romanized as Alandān; also known as ‘Alamdān) is a village in Chahardangeh Rural District, Chahardangeh District, Sari County, Mazandaran Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 319, in 89 families.
# Gholamali, Khuzestan

Gholamali (Persian: غلامعلی, also Romanized as Gholāmʿalī; also known as Gholāmʿali Ābād) is a village in Abezhdan Rural District, Abezhdan District, Andika County, Khuzestan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 32, in 6 families.
# Dam Rud-e Ayuk Dar Kheyari

Dam Rud-e Ayuk Dar Kheyari (Persian: دم رودايوك دارخياري, also Romanized as Dam Rūd-e Ayūk Dār Kheyārī) is a village in Bahmayi-ye Sarhadi-ye Gharbi Rural District, Dishmok District, Kohgiluyeh County, Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 49, in 10 families.
# Chak Yusafpur Allewal

Chak Yusafpur Allewal or Chak Yusafpur Allew is a village in Shahkot in Jalandhar district of Punjab State, India. It is located 33 kilometres (21 mi) from Shahkot, 41 kilometres (25 mi) from Nakodar, 54 kilometres (34 mi) from district headquarter Jalandhar and 197 kilometres (122 mi) from state capital Chandigarh. The village is administrated by a sarpanch who is an elected representative of village as per Panchayati raj (India).

## Transport

Shahkot Malisian station is the nearest train station. The village is 102 kilometres (63 mi) away from domestic airport in Ludhiana and the nearest international airport is located in Chandigarh also Sri Guru Ram Dass Jee International Airport is the second nearest airport which is 95.6 kilometres (59.4 mi) away in Amritsar.
# Vladimir Gutsaev

Vladimir Gutsaev (Georgian: ვლადიმერ გუცაევი, Russian: Владимир Гаврилович Гуцаев, Vladimir Gavrilovich Gutsayev; born 21 December 1952) is a retired Soviet and Georgian footballer and coach of Ossetian ethnicity. He was a member of the Parliament of Georgia from the ruling United National Movement party from 2004 to 2008.

## Football career

Debuting in FC Dinamo Tbilisi in 1971, he played as a striker for this club until 1986 as well as for the USSR national football team between 1972 and 1982. He is best remembered for his goal against FC Carl Zeiss Jena in the 1981 UEFA Cup Winners' Cup Final which ended in victory for FC Dinamo Tbilisi. His other achievements include winning the championship of the Soviet Union in 1978 and the Soviet Cup in 1976 and 1979. He retired in 1986, having played more than 300 matches and having scored almost 50 goals in the Soviet football competitions. Gutsaev then worked as a head coach for the Cypriot Anorthosis Famagusta FC (1991–94), the Georgia national football team (1997–99), and the Russian FC Alania Vladikavkaz (1999–2000).

## Political career

In March 2004, he was elected to the Parliament of Georgia from Mikheil Saakashvili's United National Movement party list and has since been a member of a Parliamentary Committee for Education, Science, Culture and Sports. In July 2004, Eduard Kokoity, the leader of Georgia's breakaway South Ossetia, accused Gutsaev of having offered him 20 million USD in exchange of his "loyalty" to the Georgian government. Gutsaev dismissed Kokoity's claims as an attempt to "garner political points" and said that his only mission to Kokoity was to persuade him to allow a South Ossetian football team to take part in the Georgian national championship.
# Shikarpur (web series)

Shikarpur is an Indian Bengali-language crime thriller streaming television series starring Ankush Hazra, Kaushik Ganguly and Sandipta Sen. Kaushik Ganguly is also the creative presenter of this series. The series is directed by Nirjhar Mitra. It is premiered on ZEE5 on 6 January 2023.

## Plot

The story is about Keshto played by Ankush Hazra, a photographer who aspires to be a detective like his guru Dindayal Biswas played by Kaushik Ganguly. Set in a sleepy town in north Bengal, the series sees Keshto trying to solve a series of murders that are rumoured to have been caused by a ghost. The web series ended on an emotional note, and featured several touching relationships, including the bond between a father and daughter, played by Kaushik Ganguly and Sandipta Sen and the strained relationship between Kesto and Biman, played by Debasish Mondal.

## Cast

* Ankush Hazra as Keshto: A photographer who wants to be a famous detective.
* Kaushik Ganguly as Dindayal Biswas: Chumki's father; Former detective of Shikarpur; Keshto's Ustaad.
* Sandipta Sen as Chumki Biswas: Keshto's love interest; Dindayal's daughter.
* Debasish Mondal as Biman Majhi: A police officer.
* Korak Samanta as Boltu Barman: Keshto's assistant.
* Sayan Ghosh as David Mayajal: A magician.
* Debesh Roy Chowdhury as Ramprakash Ghosh.
* Dola Chakraborty as Chumki's mother; Dindayal's wife.
* Krishnendu Dewanji as Manik Ghosh.

## Production

Shikarpur went into production in early 2022. It was announced as a part of ZEE5's future content slate in May 2022.

## Marketing

The trailer of Shikarpur was released on 22 December 2022.

## Reception

The Times Of India in its review said, "This series is a promising beginning to what looks like a multi-season series," and rated it 3.5 out of 5. Binged.com rated the series 6/10, liking the overall story of the series and the premise. OTTPlay in its review complimented the acting of Ganguly and Mondal.
# Dnestrovsc

Dnestrovsc (Romanian: Dnestrovsc or Nistrovsc, Moldovan Cyrillic: Днестровск; Russian: Днестрóвск, romanized: Dnestrovsk; Ukrainian: Дністровськ, romanized: Dnistrovs'k) is a town in southern Moldova, near the border with Ukraine. It is at the shores of the Cuciurgan Reservoir and is home to the Cuciurgan power station, also known as Moldavskaya GRES. It has since 1990 been administered by the breakaway Transnistrian Moldovan Republic as a part of its Slobozia District.
It is a company town which was founded in early Soviet times by the establishment of a large power plant, Moldavskaya GRES, today owned by Inter RAO UES.
At the 1989 census, Dnestrovsc had a population of 14,876. At the 2004 census it had ca. 11,200 inhabitants. According to the 2004 census, the population of the town was 12,382 inhabitants, of which 2,580 (20.83%) were Moldovans (Romanians), 3,390 (27.37%) Ukrainians and 5,249 (42.39%) Russians.
# Kuuma koira

Kuuma koira is a fast food dish created in the 1960s in the Finnish city of Nokia. The term Kuuma koira is Finnish for "Hot dog", but the ingredients differ so much that Kuuma koira is a completely different dish. The dish is not well known outside the Pirkanmaa region, but Nokia holds an annual International Kuuma koira day in March to celebrate the cuisine. Thousands of Kuuma koiras are eaten at the local grills on that date.

## Invention and rise to fame

The dish was conceived in the 1960s by Teodor Leppänen (1902–1978), a fast food grill owner from Nokia. The most well-known story about the invention says that he had been selling apple jelly doughnuts with coffee and steamed sausages. Combining the surplus ingredients to save some money, he created Kuuma koira. In the following decades, other grill owners in the area copied the dish, and it became a staple in the local fast food scene. In the late 2000s, the MTV3 entertainment show Ennätystehdas had Mikko Salonen from Nokia eating four and a half Kuuma koiras in five minutes on a live broadcast, setting a new official record. Around the same time, the International Kuuma koira day was held for the first time. These events together propelled the cuisine to the knowledge of all Finns, further aided by the Finnish Grillit huurussa fast food program on the Nelonen TV channel in 2016.
# Al-Qurna District

Al-Qurna District (Arabic: قضاء القرنة) is a district of Basra Governorate, Iraq. Its seat is the town of Al-Qurna. The West Qurna Field is located in the district.
The Iraqi marsh lands, which are known as the Garden of Eden, surround this area in the lower part of the Mesopotamian basin. The area had played a prominent part in the history of mankind and was inhabited since the dawn of civilization.
# Eddie Hassell

Lord Ed Taylor Hassell (July 16, 1990 – November 1, 2020) was an American actor. His most notable role was the 2013 film Jobs, where he played the young Chris Espinosa.

## Life and career

Born in Corsicana, Texas, Hassell grew up riding in rodeos and after moving to Los Angeles, became a skateboarder, a skill he used in commercials.
He played Phil Nance in ten episodes of the television series Surface, for which he was nominated for the 2006 Young Artist Award.
In 2010, he played Clay in The Kids Are All Right.
In the 2013 film Jobs, he played the young Chris Espinosa; his other film roles included Bomb City in 2017.

## Death

Hassell died aged 30 on November 1, 2020, in Grand Prairie, Texas, after being shot in the stomach during what police characterized as a "random robbery". 18-year-old D'Jon Antone was arrested for the murder within days, and in February 2021, he was indicted by a grand jury on capital murder charges. On March 27, 2024 Antone was found guilty of murder and sentenced to 40 years in prison.

## Filmography
### TV series

* 2004: Oliver Beene (1 episode)
* 2005–2006: Surface (10 episodes)
* 2006 Studio 60 on the Sunset Strip (1 episode)
* 2006–2007: 'Til Death (2 episodes)
* 2013: Devious Maids (5 episodes)
* 2015: Longmire (episode 4x02)

### Films

* 2009: 2012
* 2010: The Kids Are All Right
* 2011: The Family Tree
* 2013: Jobs
* 2013: Family Weekend
* 2013: House of Dust
* 2016: Warrior Road
* 2017: Bomb City
* 2017: Oh Lucy! (final role)