OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Louis Dupree (professor)

Louis Dupree (August 23, 1925 – March 21, 1989) was an American archaeologist, anthropologist, and scholar of Afghan culture and history. He was the husband of Nancy Hatch Dupree, who was the Board Director of the Afghanistan Center at Kabul University in Afghanistan and the author of five books about Afghanistan. The husband and wife team from the United States worked together for 15 years in Kabul, collecting as many works written about Afghanistan as they could. They travelled across the country from 1962 until the 1979 Soviet intervention, conducting archaeological excavations.

## Early life and careers

Dupree was born on August 23, 1925, in Greenville, North Carolina. He left Greenville High School around 1943 without graduating to serve in World War II, where he joined the United States Merchant Marine and was stationed in the Philippines. At the end of the war, he decided to transfer to the 11th Airborne Division of the United States Army. When World War II ended, he began Asian archeology and ethnology studies at Harvard University. After receiving his B.A., M.A., and PhD degrees, he planned to re-visit the Philippines for research purposes but was rejected by its government. Instead, he was invited to join an archeological survey in Afghanistan in 1949. This led to his lifelong interest in southwestern Asia, from 1959 to 1983.
Dupree taught at the following universities:
* Air University at Maxwell Air Force Base
* Pennsylvania State University (Penn State)
* Princeton University in New Jersey
* United States Military Academy at West Point, New York
* University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
* Duke University in Durham, North Carolina
During his career, Dupree also served as an adviser to several governments, including those of West Germany, France, Denmark, Sweden, and Great Britain. He consulted with the United States Department of State and the United Nations. As an affiliate of the American Universities Field Staff (AUFS), he was their expert on Afghanistan and Pakistan.
He and his wife were often seen driving in a four-wheel-drive Land Rover truck in Afghan cities. After the April 1978 Saur Revolution in Afghanistan, Dupree was arrested and deported from the country. He moved back to the United States but often visited neighboring Pakistan to monitor the Soviet–Afghan War. He has worked with the mujahideen forces who were fighting the Soviet-backed government of Afghanistan. He spent time in Peshawar, Pakistan, assisting Afghan refugees along with his wife. He had previously stayed in Pakistan as a Fulbright Scholar and as an advisor on Afghan affairs to the US ambassador in Pakistan.

### Death

Dupree died of lung cancer on March 21, 1989, at Duke University Hospital in Durham, North Carolina, just a month after the last Soviet troops withdrew from Afghanistan.

## Books

* Afghanistan (1973)
* An Historical Guide to Afghanistan (1972)
* An Historical Guide to Kabul
* A Guide to the National Museum
* Red Flag Over Hindu Kush: Leftist movements in Afghanistan (1979)
# Krakus II

Krakus II (Latin: Gracchus; Polish: Krak) was a mythological ruler of Poland. He was the successor of and son of the alleged founder of the City of Kraków, Krakus I, and he was the younger brother of Lech II, according to Wincenty Kadłubek. He ties the family to the national story of the dragon of Wawel. In this, their father Krak sent them to defeat the dragon, which they managed, after an unsuccessful battle, by stuffing the tribute animals with straw which suffocated the dragon. After this, Krak threw himself upon Lech and killed him, though their father pretended that the dragon was responsible. Eventually the story was found out, and Krak II was overthrown and replaced by his daughter Wanda.
However, according to Jan Długosz, Krakus was the elder son and was murdered by Lech after Krak slew the dragon. This occurred after their father's death.
# Vishka

Vishka (Persian: ويشكا, also Romanized as Vīshkā; also known as Vīshkāh and Vīshkāh-e Bālā Maḩalleh) is a village in Nowsher-e Koshk-e Bijar Rural District, Khoshk-e Bijar District, Rasht County, Gilan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 1,157, in 324 families.
# Lom Kao district

Lom Kao (Thai: หล่มเก่า, pronounced) is the northernmost district (amphoe) of Phetchabun province, northern Thailand.

## History

The first record of Mueang Lom is found in Ram Khamhaeng the Great's stone pillar. In the Rattanakosin era, the area was populated by a large community of Lao people from Vientiane. The population grew due to further immigration from Luang Prabang and Vientiane, so the governor led some people to establish a new town near the Pa Sak River, now in the Lom Sak district.

## Geography

Neighboring districts are (from the north clockwise) Dan Sai and Phu Ruea of Loei province and Nam Nao, Lom Sak, and Khao Kho of Phetchabun Province.

## Administration
### Central administration

Lom Kao district is divided into nine sub-districts (tambons), which are further subdivided into 99 administrative villages (mubans).
| No. | Name | Thai | Villages | Pop. |
| 01. | Lom Kao | หล่มเก่า | 13 | 11,959 |
| 02. | Na Sam | นาซำ | 10 | 07,345 |
| 03. | Hin Hao | หินฮาว | 13 | 07,506 |
| 04. | Ban Noen | บ้านเนิน | 08 | 05,254 |
| 05. | Sila | ศิลา | 16 | 10,066 |
| 06. | Na Saeng | นาแซง | 07 | 03,921 |
| 07. | Wang Ban | วังบาล | 17 | 11,649 |
| 08. | Na Ko | นาเกาะ | 06 | 02,642 |
| 09. | Tat Kloi | ตาดกลอย | 09 | 06,759 |

### Local administration

There is one sub-district municipality (thesaban tambon) in the district:
* Lom Kao (Thai: เทศบาลตำบลหล่มเก่า) consisting of parts of sub-district Lom Kao.
There are nine sub-district administrative organizations (SAO) in the district:
* Lom Kao (Thai: องค์การบริหารส่วนตำบลหล่มเก่า) consisting of parts of sub-district, Lom Kao.
* Na Sam (Thai: องค์การบริหารส่วนตำบลนาซำ) consisting of sub-district, Na Sam.
* Hin Hao (Thai: องค์การบริหารส่วนตำบลหินฮาว) consisting of sub-district, Hin Hao.
* Ban Noen (Thai: องค์การบริหารส่วนตำบลบ้านเนิน) consisting of sub-district, Ban Noen.
* Sila (Thai: องค์การบริหารส่วนตำบลศิลา) consisting of sub-district, Sila.
* Na Saeng (Thai: องค์การบริหารส่วนตำบลนาแซง) consisting of sub-district, Na Saeng.
* Wang Ban (Thai: องค์การบริหารส่วนตำบลวังบาล) consisting of sub-district, Wang Ban.
* Na Ko (Thai: องค์การบริหารส่วนตำบลนาเกาะ) consisting of sub-district, Na Ko.
* Tat Kloi (Thai: องค์การบริหารส่วนตำบลตาดกลอย) consisting of sub-district, Tat Kloi.
# Rigo District

Rigo District is a district of Central Province in Papua New Guinea. It is one of the five administrative districts that make up the province.

## Local-level government areas

* Rigo Central Rural
* Rigo Coastal Rural
* Rigo Inland Rural

## Towns and major villages

* Agitana
* Alepa
* Alewai
* Alukuni
* Babaga
* Babagarubu
* Babaka
* Bigairuka
* Bonanamo
* Borakagere
* Bore
* Boregaina
* Dakeva Komana
* Daroakomana
* Deugolo
* Diri Komana
* Dirigolo
* Dirinomu
* Dubana Teboa
* Gabagaba
* Gabone
* Galomarubu
* Gamoga
* Gaunomu
* Gemorubu
* Geresi
* Gidobada
* Ginigolo
* Girabu
* Goata
* Gobakigoro
* Gomore
* Goulubu
* Gulogolo
* Gunugau
* Gwaibo
* Hula
* Imairu
* Imuagoro
* Irupara
* Kalo
* Kamali
* Kaparoko
* Karai Komana
* Karawa
* Karekodobu
* Keapara
* Kemabolo
* Kemaea
* Kokorogolo
* Kore
* Kwale
* Kwalimurubu
* Kwikila
* Launakalana
* Lebagolo
* Magautou
* Makerupu
* Mamalo
* Manugoro
* Matairuka
* Niuiruka
* Nogomaka
* Riwalirubu
* Sabuia
* Sanomu
* Saroa
* Saroakeina
* Senunu
* Sivigolo
* Sivitatana
* Tagana
* Tauruba
* Vasira
* Vorakogena
# Liu Zonghan

Liu Zonghan (Chinese: 刘宗翰; pinyin: Liú Zōnghàn; alternatively Liu Tsung-han), also known as David Tsung Han-liu, is a diplomat of the Republic of China. He was his country's final ambassador to Peru due to the establishment of diplomatic relations between the governments in Lima and Beijing in 1971.

## Biography

Liu Zonghan studied in the Department of Foreign Affairs of the National Chengchi University and the 20th Party and Government Class of the Central Training Corps [zh] in his early years. After graduation, he served as section chief of the government of Duyun County, Guizhou Province, and a staff member of the East Asia Department of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs.
During his career, he went to various countries and served as consul of the consulate general in Kolkata, India; deputy consul of the consulate general in Yangon, Myanmar, deputy consul and acting consul of the consulate in Alexandria, Egypt, and second secretary of the embassy in Egypt; consul general of the consulate general [ja] in Guatemala, chargé d'affaires of the legation in Guatemala; counselor of the Embassy in Thailand, and consul general of the consulate general in Johannesburg, South Africa. In 1962, he served as director-general of the Asia, East and Pacific Department of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs.
Starting in 1967, he served as the ambassador of the Republic of China to Peru. In November 1971, the military government of Juan Velasco Alvarado announced that it formally established diplomatic relations with the People's Republic of China. In response to the anticipated announcement, the ROC severed its relations with Peru and closed its embassy in Lima.
Four years later, the anticipated official announcement of Peru's recognition of the People's Republic of China instead of the Republic of China was issued via a memo made public on November 2, 1971. In response, Liu left for Jorge Chávez International Airport on November 4, making a speech before departing to a crowd of several pro-Kuomintang Chinese denouncing the memo and announcing the cessation of diplomatic relations between both countries on the same day. Following his departure, other members of the diplomatic staff also left for Taiwan, closing the embassy by January 1, 1972. On the same day, Chinese associations in Lima celebrated the founding of the Republic of China, then still popular among the Chinese colony in Lima.
After his return to Taipei, he was appointed to serve as the director of the Central and South America Department of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. In 1972, he served as vice chairman of the Overseas Chinese Affairs Committee. In 1975, he served as the head of the Pacific Cultural and Economic Center in Manila, Philippines.

## Awards

* Order of Brilliant Star, 2nd class (May 6, 1967)
# Oleksandr Sitkovskyi

Oleksandr Vasyliovych Sitkovskyi (Ukrainian: Олександр Васильович Сітковський, also transliterated Sitkovskyy or Sitkovskiy, born 9 June 1978) is a Ukrainian long-distance runner.

## Career

At the 2012 Summer Olympics, he competed in the Men's marathon, finishing in 12th place. He also competed at the 2008 Summer Olympics, but did not finish the course.
In 2021, he competed in the men's marathon at the 2020 Summer Olympics held in Tokyo, Japan.
# Parole (disambiguation)

Parole refers to an action of the judiciary system.
Parole may also refer to:

## Geography

* Parole, Jammu and Kashmir, a town in the Indian state of Jammu and Kashmir
* Parole, Maryland, an area near Annapolis in the United States
** Parole Hunt Club in Parole, Maryland
* Parole, Poland

## Arts and entertainment

* Parole (2018 film), an Indian Malayalam film
* Parole (2022 film), an Indian Tamil film
* Parole, a 1982 television film featuring Ellen Barkin
* Parole, first reality court show, airing in 1959
* "Paroles", a song by Mike Ink from A Bugged Out Mix
* Parole (TV series), a 2022 Iranian comedy television series

## Other uses

* Parole (horse), a race horse during the 19th century
* Parole (linguistics), language in use in the theory of Ferdinand de Saussure
* Parole (United States immigration), a term with three meanings pertaining to U.S. immigration laws
* Parole, a media player used in Xfce
# Bridges of Sarajevo

Bridges of Sarajevo (French: Les Ponts de Sarajevo) is a 2014 anthology film exploring Sarajevo present and past, directed by thirteen different directors. It was shown in the Special Screenings section of the 2014 Cannes Film Festival.

## Creators

* Directors:
** Aida Begić (Bosnia and Herzegovina)
** Leonardo Di Costanzo (Italy)
** Jean-Luc Godard (Switzerland)
** Kamen Kalev (Bulgaria)
** Isild Le Besco (France)
** Sergei Loznitsa (Ukraine)
** Vincenzo Marra (Italy)
** Ursula Meier (Switzerland)
** Vladimir Perišić (Serbia)
** Cristi Puiu (Romania)
** Marc Recha (Spain)
** Angela Schanelec (Germany)
** Teresa Villaverde (Portugal)
* Artistic director: Jean-Michel Frodon
* Animation sequences: François Schuiten and Luís da Matta Almeida

## Production

* Production: Cinétévé - Obala Art Centar.
* Co-production: Bande à part Films, Mir Cinematografica, Ukbar Filmes, Unafilm (and: France 2 Cinéma, Orange Studio, RAI Cinema, RTS Swiss Radio Television, Centenary's Mission of the First World War).
# Dečno Selo

Dečno Selo (pronounced; Slovene: Dečno selo, in older sources also Dečna Sela, German: Detschnasela) is a settlement in the Municipality of Brežice in eastern Slovenia. The area is part of the traditional region of Styria. It is now included with the rest of the municipality in the Lower Sava Statistical Region.
A small chapel-shrine in the centre of the village was built in the early 20th century.
# Mishan Rural District

Mishan Rural District (Persian: دهستان ميشان) is in Mahur Milani District of Mamasani County, Fars province, Iran. Its capital is the village of Mishan-e Olya.

## Demographics
### Population

At the time of the 2006 National Census, the rural district's population was 4,301 in 990 households. There were 2,419 inhabitants in 655 households at the following census of 2011. The 2016 census measured the population of the rural district as 1,667 in 491 households. The most populous of its 83 villages was Mishan-e Olya, with 561 people.
# Brad Garton

Brad Garton (born 1957) is an American composer and computer musician who is professor of music at Columbia University.
He has written, or helped to write, a number of computer music applications, including Real-Time Cmix, music synthesis and signal processing language for real time composition. He received his doctorate in composition from Princeton University. Garton is director-emeritus of the Computer Music Center, Columbia University, formerly the Columbia-Princeton Electronic Music Center.
Garton grew up in Columbus, Indiana. His father, Robert, has served more than 30 years as a Republican in the Indiana state Senate, including a long term as Senate President Pro Tem. Garton majored in pharmacy as a Purdue University student, but spent much of his time on music. Billing himself as "Mr. Science", Garton provided sound effects and keyboards for the band Dow Jones and the Industrials in the late 1970s and early 1980s. He also produced many acts, making a heavy contribution to the Indiana music scene, and with Richard K. Thomas founded Zounds Studios, which continues to produce music and sound for theater. He talked about his life and his formation as a musician in an interview with Peter Shea in February 2007.
# Koch-e Yusof

Koch-e Yusof (Persian: كچ يوسف, also Romanized as Koch-e Yūsof; also known as Koch) is a village in Negur Rural District, Dashtiari District, Chabahar County, Sistan and Baluchestan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 645, in 120 families.
# Cathexis (comics)

The Cathexis are a race of sixth-dimensional beings from the DC Universe.

## Fictional character biography

The Cathexis are an advanced species from the sixth dimension. Wishing to expand their power, they create Id, a sentient energy field capable of warping reality and granting wishes.
Upon arriving in the third dimension, Id acts as a malevolent genie, granting any wishes that it senses without granting precisely what the recipients want. It splits Superman, Batman, Flash, Green Lantern, Plastic Man, and Martian Manhunter into their human and superhuman identities due to Superman wishing to be free from the pressures of his secret identity. Wonder Woman and Aquaman are unaffected due to lacking secret identities.
However, both halves of the heroes become aggressive and unstable due to lacking the balance of the other. Wonder Woman tricks the Cathexis into separating her soul from her body, after which she convinces the League members to re-fuse. Using Id's power, Flash banishes the Cathexis to their dimension and prevents them from recreating Id.
# Abdul Mansaray

Abdul Mansaray (born 26 November 1961) is a Sierra Leonean sprinter. He competed in the men's 4 × 100 metres relay at the 1984 Summer Olympics.
# Tak Bolagh Angut

Tak Bolagh Angut (Persian: تكبلاغ انگوت, also Romanized as Tak Bolāgh Angūt; also known as Tak Bolāgh) is a village in Angut-e Sharqi Rural District, Anguti District, Germi County, Ardabil Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 229, in 44 families.
# Argithea

Argithea (Greek: Αργιθέα, romanized: Argithéa) is a village and a historic municipality in the Karditsa regional unit of Greece. The seat of the municipality is in Anthiro. The name derives from ἀργός + θέα (argós + théa, “white view”).

## Municipality

The municipality Argithea was formed at the 2011 local government reform by the merger of the following 3 former municipalities, that became municipal units:
* Acheloos
* Anatoliki Argithea
* Argithea
The municipality has an area of 372.877 km$^2$, the municipal unit 150.377 km$^2$.

## History

Anciently, Argithea or Argethia (Ancient Greek: Ἀργεθία) was the capital of Athamania straddling the border between Ancient Epirus and Ancient Thessaly, to the left of the main stream of the Achelous River. The first evidence we have of the place is epigraphic. In the fourth century BCE, the appointment of a proxenos of Argithea is documented. Circa 230-220 BCE, a theorodokoi for the city is appointed to receive theoroi from Delphi. It was also a polis (city-state).
In the time of Livy it was the capital of Athamania. In the year 189 BCE. there was a rebellion by the Athamanians to try to reestablish Amynander of Athamania in power, which the help of the Aetolian League and this rebellion succeeded in expelling the garrison left by Philip V of Macedon. Later Philip sent more troops against Argithea in an attempt to recover the city, but the effort failed.
The editors of the Barrington Atlas of the Greek and Roman World and Mogens Herman Hansen locate the ancient city at the modern village of Ellinika (or Hellenika) in the community of Hellenika, municipal unit and municipality of Argithea. Ellinika is located at 39°22′54″N 21°23′30″E﻿ / ﻿39.38167°N 21.39167°E﻿ / 39.38167; 21.39167.
# Kalateh-ye Seyyed Ali, Mashhad

Kalateh-ye Seyyed Ali (Persian: كلاته سيدعلي, also Romanized as Kalāteh-ye Seyyed ‘Alī) is a village in Tus Rural District, in the Central District of Mashhad County, Razavi Khorasan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 238, in 61 families.
# Dargelu

Dargelu (Persian: درگلو, also Romanized as Dargelū; also known as Dargīlū) is a village in Senderk Rural District, Senderk District, Minab County, Hormozgan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 311, in 64 families.
# Thomas Somerville, 1st Lord Somerville

Thomas Somerville, 1st Lord Somerville, (d. 1434), was a Lord of the Parliament of Scotland.
In 1423 Thomas Somerville, as Lord of Carnwath, came to London as an ambassador to treat for the release of James I of Scotland, who had been captive in England for many years. Somerville was also recorded as a Warden of the Scottish Borders in 1424. As Somerville of that Ilk, he sat on the assize at Stirling Castle in May 1425 that condemned Murdoch Stewart, Duke of Albany. Thomas Somerville probably founded the Collegiate Church at Carnwath with his family burial aisle around 1425–1430, and repaired the church at Linton, Roxburghshire.

## Lands

According to James, 11th Lord Somerville, author of the history of the Somerville family, it was during the life of Thomas, 1st Lord Somerville, that "the fortunes of the Somerville family . . . reached their zenith in territorial possessions in power and influence." He had four baronies: Carnwath in Lanarkshire and Cambusnethan in North Lanarkshire; Linton in Roxburgh; and Plean in Stirlingshire. In addition, upon the death of his uncle, Thomas Somerville, in 1412, he succeeded to the estates of Gilmerton, Drum, and Goodtrees in the Edinburgh vicinity. He also held lands in Quothquan and Newbigging in Lanarkshire; and Broughton in Peebleshire. Cambusnethan was brought to him by his wife, Janet, daughter of Alexander Stewart of Darnley (d.1404).

## Family

Thomas Somerville, 1st Lord Somerville, married Janet Stewart, daughter of Alexander Stewart of Darnley, before July 1392. Their eldest daughter Mary married Sir William Hay of Yester, another daughter Geillis married Sir Robert Logan of Restalrig, and Margaret married Roger Kirkpatrick of Closeburn in Niddsdale. His heir William Somerville, 2nd Lord Somerville, married Janet Mowat of Stenness. The first Lord Somerville died in December 1434.

## Sources

* Scott, Walter, ed., James Somerville, The Memorie of the Somervilles by James, 11th Lord Somerville, vol. 1, Ballantyne, Edinburgh (1815)
* Scott, Walter, ed., The Memorie of the Somervilles by James, 11th Lord Somerville, vol. 2, Ballantyne, Edinburgh (1815)
# Bembereke Airport

Bembéréké Airport (ICAO: DBBR), also spelled as Bembèrèkè Airport, is a public use airport located 4 km northeast of Bembéréké, Borgou, Benin.
# August Waibel

August Waibel (born 1894, date of death unknown) was a Swiss sprinter. He competed in the men's 100 metres at the 1920 Summer Olympics.
# Eslamabad, Falard

Eslamabad (Persian: اسلام اباد, also Romanized as Eslāmābād) is a village in Poshtkuh Rural District, Falard District, Lordegan County, Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 68, in 17 families. The village is populated by Lurs.
# Buchach urban hromada

Buchach urban territorial hromada (Ukrainian: Бучацька територіальна громада, romanized: Buchatska miska terytorialna hromada) is a hromada in Ukraine, in Chortkiv Raion of Ternopil Oblast. The administrative center is the city of Buchach. Its population is 37,323 (2022 estimate)

## History

Formed on 11 December 2020 by amalgamation of Buchach city and Barysh, Beremiany, Bobulyntsi, Dobropole, Duliby, Zhyzhnomyr, Zhnyborody, Zaryvyntsi, Zelena, Zubrets, Kydaniv, Lishchantsi, Novi Petlykivtsi, Ozeriany, Osivtsi, Perevoloka, Porokhova, Pуredmistia, Pidzamochok, Ripyntsi, Soroky, Stari Petlykivtsi, Yazlovets village councils of Chortkiv Raion.

## Settlements

The hromada consists of 1 city (Buchach) and 36 villages:
* Barysh
* Beremiany
* Biliavyntsi
* Bobulyntsi
* Brovari
* Verbiatyn
* Dobropole
* Duliby
* Zhyznomyr
* Zhnyborody
* Zalishchyky
* Zaryvyntsi
* Zvenyhorod
* Zelena
* Zubrets
* Kydaniv
* Kurdybanivka
* Lishchantsi
* Mateushivka
* Novi Petlykivtsi
* Novosilka
* Ozeriany
* Osivtsi
* Perevoloka
* Peredmistia
* Pidzamochok
* Pidlissia
* Pozhezha
* Pomirtsi
* Porokhova
* Pushkari
* Ripyntsi
* Rukomysh
* Soroky
* Stari Petlykivtsi
* Yazlovets