# List of countries by rate of natural increase

This article contains a list of countries by rate of natural increase.

## Methodology

The rate of natural increase (RNI) is defined as the birth rate minus the death rate. It is typically expressed either as a number per 1,000 individuals in the population or as a percentage. RNI can be either positive or negative. It contrasts to total population change by ignoring net migration.

## Countries and subnational areas

The birth rates and death rates in columns one and two are the CIA World Factbook estimates for the year 2022 unless otherwise noted, rounded to the nearest tenth (except for Mayotte and the Falkland Islands with 2010 and 2012 estimates respectively). The natural increase rate in column three is calculated from the rounded values of columns one and two. Rates are the average annual number of births or deaths during a year per 1,000 persons; these are also known as crude birth or death rates.
Column four is from the UN Population Division and shows a projection for the average natural increase rate for the time period shown using the medium fertility variant. Blank cells in column four indicate lack of data.
* Note: Rates below are per 1000 population.
* Location links are Demographics of LOCATION links.
List of countries and subnational areas by rate of natural increase :
| Location | Crude birth rate | Crude death rate | Natural increase rate | Natural increase rate (2015–20) |
| Niger | 47.1 | 9.9 | 37.2 | 37.9 |
| Uganda | 40.9 | 5.0 | 35.9 | 31.8 |
| Angola | 41.8 | 8.0 | 33.8 | 32.6 |
| Benin | 41.2 | 8.0 | 33.2 | 27.4 |
| Mali | 41.1 | 8.5 | 32.6 | 32.0 |
| DR Congo | 40.1 | 7.9 | 32.2 | 31.8 |
| Mayotte (France) | 38.76 | 7.05 | 31.71 | 25.6 |
| Chad | 40.5 | 9.5 | 31.0 | 30.2 |
| Liberia | 36.6 | 6.6 | 30.0 | 25.6 |
| Burundi | 35.2 | 6.0 | 29.2 | 31.2 |
| Guinea-Bissau | 36.5 | 7.5 | 29.0 | 25.7 |
| Zambia | 34.9 | 6.1 | 28.8 | 29.7 |
| Tanzania | 33.3 | 5.1 | 28.2 | 30.4 |
| South Sudan | 37.7 | 9.5 | 28.2 | 24.6 |
| Cameroon | 35.5 | 7.7 | 27.8 | 26.3 |
| Guinea | 35.7 | 8.1 | 27.6 | 26.0 |
| Mozambique | 37.5 | 10.3 | 27.2 | 29.1 |
| Sudan | 33.5 | 6.3 | 27.2 | 25.1 |
| Togo | 31.9 | 5.3 | 26.6 | 24.8 |
| Senegal | 31.5 | 5.1 | 26.4 | 28.9 |
| Somalia | 38.0 | 11.6 | 26.4 | 30.9 |
| Burkina Faso | 33.6 | 7.7 | 25.9 | 29.9 |
| Nigeria | 34.2 | 8.7 | 25.5 | 26.1 |
| East Timor | 30.9 | 5.6 | 25.3 | |
| Ethiopia | 30.5 | 5.7 | 24.8 | 25.9 |
| Gaza Strip | 27.7 | 2.9 | 24.8 | |
| Zimbabwe | 33.1 | 8.8 | 24.3 | 22.8 |
| Papua New Guinea | 29.0 | 5.5 | 23.5 | 19.8 |
| Congo | 31.8 | 8.4 | 23.4 | 26.3 |
| Malawi | 27.9 | 4.6 | 23.3 | 27.5 |
| Afghanistan | 35.5 | 12.3 | 23.2 | 26.3 |
| Gambia | 28.8 | 5.8 | 23.0 | 30.8 |
| Sierra Leone | 32.2 | 9.3 | 22.9 | 21.8 |
| Madagascar | 28.7 | 6.0 | 22.7 | 26.7 |
| Ghana | 28.6 | 6.1 | 22.5 | 22.2 |
| São Tomé and Príncipe | 28.2 | 6.2 | 22.0 | 26.9 |
| Kenya | 26.4 | 5.0 | 21.4 | 23.4 |
| Central African Republic | 32.8 | 11.8 | 21.0 | 23.0 |
| West Bank | 24.4 | 3.4 | 21.0 | |
| Equatorial Guinea | 30.0 | 9.0 | 21.0 | 24.0 |
| Iraq | 24.7 | 3.9 | 20.8 | 24.3 |
| Ivory Coast | 28.3 | 7.6 | 20.7 | 25.7 |
| Mauritania | 28.1 | 7.4 | 20.7 | 26.6 |
| Rwanda | 26.4 | 5.9 | 20.5 | 26.8 |
| Pakistan | 26.5 | 6.0 | 20.5 | 21.5 |
| Gabon | 26.0 | 5.7 | 20.3 | 25.1 |
| Eritrea | 27.0 | 6.7 | 20.3 | 23.4 |
| Jordan | 22.6 | 3.5 | 19.1 | 18.2 |
| Yemen | 24.6 | 5.6 | 19.0 | 24.7 |
| Oman | 22.1 | 3.2 | 18.9 | 17.2 |
| Solomon Islands | 22.7 | 4.0 | 18.7 | 28.5 |
| Syria | 22.7 | 4.2 | 18.5 | |
| Namibia | 25.0 | 6.9 | 18.1 | 20.6 |
| Libya | 21.6 | 3.5 | 18.1 | 13.9 |
| Marshall Islands | 22.0 | 4.3 | 17.7 | |
| Vanuatu | 21.6 | 4.0 | 17.6 | 24.5 |
| Guatemala | 22.3 | 4.9 | 17.4 | 20.0 |
| Belize | 21.3 | 3.9 | 17.4 | 16.8 |
| Egypt | 21.5 | 4.3 | 17.2 | 20.7 |
| Comoros | 22.5 | 6.6 | 15.9 | 24.8 |
| Philippines | 22.3 | 6.4 | 15.9 | 14.7 |
| Kuwait | 17.8 | 2.3 | 15.5 | 11.7 |
| Tonga | 20.3 | 5.0 | 15.3 | 17.3 |
| Djibouti | 22.3 | 7.1 | 15.2 | 14.6 |
| Tajikistan | 20.7 | 5.7 | 15.0 | 26.3 |
| Nauru | 21.1 | 6.3 | 14.8 | |
| Tuvalu | 22.7 | 8.0 | 14.7 | |
| Laos | 20.9 | 6.4 | 14.5 | |
| Algeria | 18.5 | 4.3 | 14.2 | 20.0 |
| Micronesia | 18.4 | 4.2 | 14.2 | 16.3 |
| Haiti | 21.1 | 7.2 | 13.9 | 16.0 |
| Samoa | 19.2 | 5.4 | 13.8 | 19.3 |
| Eswatini | 23.4 | 9.7 | 13.7 | 10.8 |
| Cambodia | 19.3 | 5.8 | 13.5 | 16.7 |
| Kyrgyzstan | 19.5 | 6.1 | 13.4 | 18.7 |
| Honduras | 17.9 | 4.7 | 13.2 | 17.4 |
| Kiribati | 20.1 | 6.9 | 13.2 | 21.7 |
| Cape Verde | 18.5 | 5.8 | 12.7 | |
| Guam (US) | 18.6 | 6.0 | 12.6 | 11.4 |
| Israel | 17.4 | 5.1 | 12.3 | 15.1 |
| Brunei | 16.1 | 3.8 | 12.3 | 10.6 |
| Bangladesh | 17.7 | 5.5 | 12.2 | 12.8 |
| Bolivia | 18.6 | 6.5 | 12.1 | 15.1 |
| Lesotho | 23.2 | 11.1 | 12.1 | 12.7 |
| El Salvador | 17.9 | 5.9 | 12.0 | 11.4 |
| Nepal | 17.5 | 5.6 | 11.9 | 13.6 |
| Panama | 18.0 | 6.1 | 11.9 | 14.0 |
| Dominican Republic | 18.0 | 6.3 | 11.7 | 13.6 |
| Turkmenistan | 17.5 | 6.0 | 11.5 | 16.9 |
| Paraguay | 16.3 | 4.9 | 11.4 | 15.2 |
| Maldives | 15.5 | 4.2 | 11.3 | 11.6 |
| Nicaragua | 16.5 | 5.2 | 11.3 | 15.8 |
| Ecuador | 16.5 | 5.2 | 11.3 | 14.8 |
| Botswana | 20.3 | 9.1 | 11.2 | 19.3 |
| Morocco | 17.4 | 6.6 | 10.8 | 14.0 |
| Saudi Arabia | 14.2 | 3.4 | 10.8 | 15.5 |
| American Samoa (US) | 16.7 | 6.1 | 10.6 | |
| Venezuela | 17.3 | 6.8 | 10.5 | 11.1 |
| Fiji | 16.6 | 6.4 | 10.2 | 13.3 |
| Uzbekistan | 15.5 | 5.4 | 10.1 | 16.0 |
| Iran | 15.3 | 5.2 | 10.1 | 14.2 |
| Northern Mariana Islands (US) | 15.5 | 5.4 | 10.1 | |
| Turks and Caicos Islands (UK) | 13.5 | 3.5 | 10.0 | |
| Vietnam | 15.7 | 5.8 | 9.9 | 10.7 |
| Guyana | 16.7 | 6.9 | 9.8 | 12.6 |
| Bhutan | 15.9 | 6.2 | 9.7 | 11.2 |
| Bahrain | 12.4 | 2.8 | 9.6 | 11.8 |
| Mongolia | 15.8 | 6.3 | 9.5 | 18.1 |
| Antigua and Barbuda | 15.2 | 5.7 | 9.5 | 9.1 |
| Saint Martin (France) | 14.1 | 4.6 | 9.5 | |
| Costa Rica | 14.3 | 4.9 | 9.4 | 9.1 |
| South Africa | 18.6 | 9.3 | 9.3 | 11.1 |
| United Arab Emirates | 10.8 | 1.6 | 9.2 | 8.9 |
| Burma | 16.3 | 7.1 | 9.2 | 9.5 |
| Malaysia | 14.6 | 5.7 | 8.9 | 11.8 |
| Suriname | 15.4 | 6.6 | 8.8 | 11.3 |
| Indonesia | 15.3 | 6.8 | 8.5 | 11.8 |
| Jamaica | 15.9 | 7.4 | 8.5 | 8.7 |
| Argentina | 15.6 | 7.3 | 8.3 | 9.5 |
| Tunisia | 14.6 | 6.4 | 8.2 | 11.5 |
| New Caledonia (France) | 14.1 | 5.9 | 8.2 | 8.6 |
| Bahamas | 14.6 | 6.4 | 8.2 | 7.3 |
| Turkey | 14.3 | 6.1 | 8.2 | 10.8 |
| Qatar | 9.3 | 1.4 | 7.9 | 8.5 |
| French Polynesia (France) | 13.5 | 5.6 | 7.9 | 9.2 |
| Lebanon | 13.1 | 5.6 | 7.5 | 13.3 |
| Colombia | 15.2 | 7.7 | 7.5 | 9.5 |
| Anguilla (UK) | 12.0 | 4.6 | 7.4 | |
| Sri Lanka | 13.8 | 6.5 | 7.3 | 9.4 |
| Kazakhstan | 15.4 | 8.1 | 7.3 | 14.2 |
| Brazil | 14.0 | 6.8 | 7.2 | 7.7 |
| Kosovo | 14.9 | 8.1 | 6.8 | |
| Azerbaijan | 13.6 | 6.9 | 6.7 | 8.7 |
| India | 16.8 | 10.3 | 6.5 | 11.7 |
| Sint Maarten (Netherlands) | 12.6 | 6.1 | 6.5 | |
| Wallis and Futuna (France) | 12.3 | 5.8 | 6.5 | |
| Iceland | 13.0 | 6.6 | 6.4 | 5.4 |
| Faroe Islands (Denmark) | 14.9 | 8.6 | 6.3 | |
| Chile | 12.8 | 6.5 | 6.3 | 6.3 |
| Falkland Islands (UK) | 10.9 | 4.9 | 6.0 | |
| Peru | 17.2 | 11.3 | 5.9 | 12.6 |
| New Zealand | 12.8 | 6.9 | 5.9 | 5.7 |
| Mexico | 13.6 | 7.7 | 5.9 | 11.8 |
| Dominica | 13.9 | 8.1 | 5.8 | |
| Cayman Islands (UK) | 11.7 | 6.0 | 5.7 | |
| Grenada | 13.9 | 8.3 | 5.6 | |
| Ireland | 12.3 | 6.7 | 5.6 | 7.0 |
| British Virgin Islands (UK) | 11.0 | 5.4 | 5.6 | |
| Australia | 12.3 | 6.8 | 5.5 | 6.3 |
| Seychelles | 12.4 | 6.9 | 5.5 | 9.0 |
| Albania | 12.7 | 7.3 | 5.4 | 4.0 |
| Gibraltar (UK) | 13.9 | 8.8 | 5.1 | |
| Singapore | 9.1 | 4.0 | 5.1 | 4.3 |
| Montserrat | 10.9 | 5.9 | 5.0 | |
| Saint Kitts and Nevis | 12.2 | 7.3 | 4.9 | |
| Greenland (Denmark) | 13.8 | 9.0 | 4.8 | |
| Saint Vincent and the Grenadines | 12.3 | 7.5 | 4.8 | |
| North Korea | 14.2 | 9.5 | 4.7 | |
| Jersey | 12.4 | 7.8 | 4.6 | |
| Curaçao (Netherlands) | 13.2 | 8.7 | 4.5 | |
| Luxembourg | 11.6 | 7.2 | 4.4 | 3.5 |
| Macau (China) | 9.1 | 4.7 | 4.4 | |
| Norway | 12.0 | 8.0 | 4.0 | 3.1 |
| Saint Lucia | 12.0 | 8.1 | 3.9 | 5.0 |
| United States | 12.3 | 8.4 | 3.9 | 3.3 |
| Cyprus | 10.6 | 6.9 | 3.7 | 3.6 |
| Uruguay | 12.7 | 9.2 | 3.5 | 4.5 |
| Cook Islands (New Zealand) | 12.6 | 9.1 | 3.5 | |
| Palau | 11.5 | 8.3 | 3.2 | |
| Aruba | 11.8 | 8.6 | 3.2 | 2.7 |
| Barbados | 10.8 | 8.0 | 2.8 | 3.1 |
| U.S. Virgin Islands | 11.6 | 8.8 | 2.8 | 3.3 |
| Trinidad and Tobago | 10.8 | 8.4 | 2.4 | 4.8 |
| Thailand | 10.1 | 7.8 | 2.3 | 2.9 |
| Liechtenstein | 10.3 | 8.0 | 2.3 | |
| France | 11.7 | 9.5 | 2.2 | 2.0 |
| Canada | 10.2 | 8.1 | 2.1 | 2.7 |
| China | 9.9 | 7.9 | 2.0 | 4.8 |
| Switzerland | 10.4 | 8.4 | 2.0 | 2.3 |
| Bermuda (UK) | 11.0 | 9.1 | 1.9 | |
| Netherlands | 11.0 | 9.2 | 1.8 | 1.4 |
| United Kingdom | 10.8 | 9.1 | 1.7 | 2.2 |
| Denmark | 11.2 | 9.5 | 1.7 | 1.0 |
| Armenia | 11.1 | 9.5 | 1.6 | 4.3 |
| Sweden | 10.8 | 9.5 | 1.3 | 2.7 |
| Belgium | 11.0 | 9.6 | 1.4 | 1.1 |
| Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha (UK) | 9.3 | 8.1 | 1.2 | |
| Malta | 9.7 | 8.5 | 1.2 | 1.0 |
| Mauritius | 9.9 | 8.9 | 1.0 | 1.9 |
| Montenegro | 11.2 | 10.3 | 0.9 | 1.1 |
| North Macedonia | 10.5 | 9.6 | 0.9 | 1.3 |
| Cuba | 10.1 | 9.3 | 0.8 | 1.3 |
| Guernsey (UK) | 9.8 | 9.2 | 0.6 | |
| Isle of Man (UK) | 10.6 | 10.2 | 0.4 | |
| Saint Barthélemy (France) | 9.3 | 9.0 | 0.3 | |
| Georgia | 11.0 | 10.8 | 0.2 | 0.7 |
| San Marino | 8.9 | 8.8 | 0.1 | |
| Finland | 10.4 | 10.4 | 0.0 | 0.4 |
| Hong Kong (China) | 8.0 | 8.0 | 0.0 | 4.5 |
| South Korea | 6.9 | 7.1 | -0.2 | 1.5 |
| Austria | 9.5 | 9.9 | -0.4 | 0.1 |
| Taiwan | 7.4 | 7.9 | -0.5 | 0.9 |
| Andorra | 6.9 | 7.9 | -1.0 | |
| Slovakia | 8.9 | 10.1 | -1.2 | 0.6 |
| Bosnia and Herzegovina | 8.4 | 10.3 | -1.9 | -2.4 |
| Puerto Rico | 7.9 | 9.8 | -1.9 | -2.0 |
| Slovenia | 8.3 | 10.4 | -2.1 | -0.2 |
| Czech Republic | 8.6 | 10.7 | -2.1 | |
| Poland | 8.5 | 10.7 | -2.2 | -0.2 |
| Moldova | 10.2 | 12.5 | -2.3 | -1.5 |
| Germany | 9.1 | 12.0 | -2.9 | -1.7 |
| Portugal | 8.0 | 10.9 | -2.9 | -2.8 |
| Spain | 7.1 | 10.2 | -3.1 | -0.5 |
| Belarus | 9.1 | 12.9 | -3.8 | -0.7 |
| Russia | 9.5 | 13.4 | -3.9 | 0.1 |
| Monaco | 6.7 | 10.7 | -4.0 | |
| Croatia | 8.7 | 12.9 | -4.2 | |
| Hungary | 8.7 | 12.9 | -4.2 | -3.0 |
| Estonia | 8.8 | 13.1 | -4.3 | -1.3 |
| Italy | 7.0 | 11.3 | -4.3 | -2.8 |
| Greece | 7.6 | 12.0 | -4.4 | -3.0 |
| Japan | 7.0 | 11.6 | -4.6 | -2.9 |
| Saint Pierre and Miquelon (France) | 6.5 | 11.2 | -4.7 | |
| Ukraine | 9.0 | 13.8 | -4.8 | -5.6 |
| Lithuania | 9.3 | 15.1 | -5.8 | -3.2 |
| Latvia | 8.7 | 14.7 | -6.0 | -3.8 |
| Bulgaria | 8.1 | 14.4 | -6.3 | -6.4 |
| Romania | 8.8 | 15.3 | -6.5 | -3.2 |
| Serbia | 9.4 | 16.4 | -7.0 | -4.9 |

## Summary by region

The table below assembles history and projections for the major regions shown. The numbers show total births minus total deaths per 1,000 population for the region for each time period. The first four columns show actual rate of natural increase. The remaining columns show projections using the medium fertility variant. All numbers are from the UN Population Division.
| Region | 1950–55 | 1970–75 | 1990–95 | 2010–15 | 2015–20 | 2025–30 | 2035–40 | 2045–50 |
| World | +17.8 | +19.5 | +15.2 | +11.9 | +10.9 | +8.7 | +7.0 | +5.6 |
| Africa | +21.5 | +27.4 | +26.1 | +26.4 | +25.3 | +22.8 | +20.6 | +18.1 |
| Asia | +19.3 | +22.8 | +16.4 | +10.7 | +9.3 | +6.3 | +3.8 | +1.8 |
| Europe | +10.3 | +5.5 | +0.3 | −0.1 | −0.7 | −2.1 | −2.8 | −3.2 |
| Latin America & The Caribbean | +27.1 | +25.8 | +19.0 | +11.9 | +10.4 | +7.5 | +4.9 | +2.8 |
| Northern America | +14.9 | +6.4 | +6.6 | +4.2 | +4.2 | +3.5 | +2.0 | +1.1 |
| Oceania | +15.7 | +14.5 | +12.2 | +10.5 | +9.7 | +8.0 | +6.4 | +5.3 |