OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Small GTPase

Small GTPases (EC 3.6.5.2), also known as small G-proteins, are a family of hydrolase enzymes that can bind and hydrolyze guanosine triphosphate (GTP). They are a type of G-protein found in the cytosol that are homologous to the alpha subunit of heterotrimeric G-proteins, but unlike the alpha subunit of G proteins, a small GTPase can function independently as a hydrolase enzyme to bind to and hydrolyze a guanosine triphosphate (GTP) to form guanosine diphosphate (GDP). The best-known members are the Ras GTPases and hence they are sometimes called Ras subfamily GTPases.
A typical G-protein is active when bound to GTP and inactive when bound to GDP (i.e. when the GTP is hydrolyzed to GDP). The GDP can then be replaced by free GTP. Therefore, a G-protein can be switched on and off. GTP hydrolysis is accelerated by GTPase activating proteins (GAPs), while GTP exchange is catalyzed by guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs). Activation of a GEF typically activates its cognate G-protein, while activation of a GAP results in inactivation of the cognate G-protein. Guanosine nucleotide dissociation inhibitors (GDI) maintain small GTPases in the inactive state.
Small GTPases regulate a wide variety of processes in the cell, including growth, cellular differentiation, cell movement and lipid vesicle transport.

## The Ras superfamily

There are more than a hundred proteins in the Ras superfamily. Based on structure, sequence and function, the Ras superfamily is divided into five main families, (Ras, Rho, Ran, Rab and Arf GTPases). The Ras family itself is further divided into 6 subfamilies: Ras, Ral, Rit, Rap, Rheb, and Rad. Miro is a recent contributor to the superfamily.
Each subfamily shares the common core G domain, which provides essential GTPase and nucleotide exchange activity.
The surrounding sequence helps determine the functional specificity of the small GTPase, for example the 'Insert Loop', common to the Rho subfamily, specifically contributes to binding to effector proteins such as IQGAP and WASP.
The Ras family is generally responsible for cell proliferation, Rho for cell morphology, Ran for nuclear transport and Rab and Arf for vesicle transport.
# Trajan's Market

Trajan's Market (Latin: Mercatus Traiani; Italian: Mercati di Traiano) is a large complex of ruins in the city of Rome, Italy, located on the Via dei Fori Imperiali, at the opposite end to the Colosseum. The surviving buildings and structures, built as an integral part of Trajan's Forum and nestled against the excavated flank of the Quirinal Hill, present a living model of life in the Roman capital and a glimpse at the restoration in the city, which reveals new treasures and insights about ancient Roman architecture.
Thought to be the world's oldest shopping mall, the arcades in Trajan's Market are now believed by many to be administrative offices for Emperor Trajan. The shops and apartments were built in a multi-level structure and it is still possible to visit several of the levels. Highlights include delicate marble floors and the remains of a library.

## Construction

Trajan's Market was probably built between 100–110 AD by Apollodorus of Damascus, an architect who always followed Trajan in his adventures and to whom Trajan entrusted the planning of his Forum. It was inaugurated in 113 AD. During the Middle Ages the complex was transformed by adding floor levels, still visible today, and defensive elements such as the Torre delle Milizie, the "militia tower" built in 1300. A convent, which was built in this area in the 16th century was acquired by the state in 1885 and became the Goffredo Mameli barracks. This was demolished at the beginning of the twentieth century to restore Trajan's Markets.

## Museo dei Fori Imperiali

The Museum of the Imperial Fora (Italian: Museo dei Fori Imperiali), which opened in 2007, houses a wealth of artifacts from all of ancient Rome's forums. The modern entrances to Trajan's Market are at Via Quattro Novembre, 94, and Piazza Madonna di Loreto. Immediately, the visitor enters into a shopping area, disposed on two different sides, where free wheat was once distributed to the people of Rome.
At the end of this hall, a large balcony offers a view of the markets, Trajan's Forum, and the Vittoriano. This is actually a part of the Via Biberatica (from the Latin bibo, bibere meaning "to drink"; the street was the location for several of the Roman taverns and grocers' shops in the area). The road cuts through Trajan's Market.
On the lower part there are also two large halls, probably used for auditions or concerts. A shop housed in the Market is known as a taberna. The giant exedra formed by the market structure was originally mirrored by a matching exedral boundary space on the south flank of Trajan's Forum.
The grand hall of the market is roofed by a concrete vault raised on piers, both covering and allowing air and light into the central space. The market itself is constructed primarily out of brick and concrete.
# Coastal Brigade

The Coastal Brigade (Finnish: Rannikkoprikaati, RPR) is a brigade-level unit in the Finnish Navy. It is responsible for amphibious warfare, naval reconnaissance and special operations of the Finnish Navy. It is one of the three main units of the Navy, alongside the Coastal Fleet and Nyland Brigade.

## Structure

* Headquarters
* Porkkala Coastal Battalion
** Support Company
** Transport Company
** Military Police Company
** Materiel Centre
* Suomenlinna Coastal Regiment
** Anti-Ship Missile Battery
** Communications Company
** Coastal Company
** Coastal Artillery Battery
* Naval Reconnaissance Battalion
** Combat Diver School (EOD Diver, Combat Diver)
** Special Operations Detachment
** Naval Reconnaissance Company
# Górki-Witowice

Górki-Witowice is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Winnica, within Pułtusk County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland.
# Góry, Mińsk County

Góry is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Jakubów, within Mińsk County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately 12 kilometres (7 mi) north-east of Mińsk Mazowiecki and 50 km (31 mi) east of Warsaw.
# Gąsiorówek

Gąsiorówek is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Świercze, within Pułtusk County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland.
# Gąski, Ostrołęka County

Gąski is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Lelis, within Ostrołęka County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately 10 kilometres (6 mi) north-east of Lelis, 19 km (12 mi) north-east of Ostrołęka, and 121 km (75 mi) north-east of Warsaw.
# Gąsów

Gąsów is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Górzno, within Garwolin County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately 5 kilometres (3 mi) south of Górzno, 12 km (7 mi) south-east of Garwolin, and 67 km (42 mi) south-east of Warsaw. The population in 2021 is 143 people.
# AOZ

AOZ may refer to:
* Uab Meto language (ISO 639 language code aoz), an Austronesian language of the Timorese
* Antifašističkim odborom žena (AOZ; Serbo-Croatian: Antifascist Organization of Women), original name of the Women's Antifascist Front of Yugoslavia
* Aoz Roon, a fictional character from the Brian Aldiss Helliconia trilogy
# Gładczyn

Gładczyn is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Zatory, within Pułtusk County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland.
# Gładczyn Rządowy

Gładczyn Rządowy is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Zatory, within Pułtusk County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland.
# Gładczyn Szlachecki

Gładczyn Szlachecki (Polish pronunciation:) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Zatory, within Pułtusk County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately 8 kilometres (5 mi) north of Zatory, 7 km (4 mi) south-east of Pułtusk, and 52 km (32 mi) north of Warsaw.
# Głodowo, Masovian Voivodeship

Głodowo is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Pułtusk, within Pułtusk County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately 10 kilometres (6 mi) north of Pułtusk and 64 km (40 mi) north of Warsaw.
# Głodowo Wielkie

Głodowo Wielkie is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Nasielsk, within Nowy Dwór County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately 4 kilometres (2 mi) east of Nasielsk, 22 km (14 mi) north-east of Nowy Dwór Mazowiecki, and 44 km (27 mi) north of Warsaw.
# Głuchów, Grójec County

Głuchów is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Grójec, within Grójec County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately 6 kilometres (4 mi) north of Grójec and 35 km (22 mi) south of Warsaw.

## Notable residents

* Jan Czekanowski (1882–1965), anthropologist, statistician, ethnographer, traveller, and linguist
# Halinów, Gostynin County

Halinów is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Gostynin, within Gostynin County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately 6 kilometres (4 mi) south of Gostynin and 106 km (66 mi) west of Warsaw.
# Harachwosty

Harachwosty is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Huszlew, within Łosice County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately 6 kilometres (4 mi) south-west of Huszlew, 14 km (9 mi) south of Łosice, and 122 km (76 mi) east of Warsaw.
# Helenów, Białobrzegi County

Helenów is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Promna, within Białobrzegi County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland.
# Helenów, Przasnysz County

Helenów is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Krasne, within Przasnysz County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately 13 kilometres (8 mi) south of Przasnysz and 78 km (48 mi) north of Warsaw.
# Henryków, Kozienice County

Henryków is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Głowaczów, within Kozienice County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland.
# Hruszew

Hruszew is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Platerów, within Łosice County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately 8 kilometres (5 mi) west of Platerów, 12 km (7 mi) north of Łosice, and 118 km (73 mi) east of Warsaw.
# Wenceslao Padilla

Wenceslao Selga Padilla (29 September 1949 – 25 September 2018) was a Filipino Scheut priest who from 2 August 2003 was the Apostolic prefect of the Apostolic Prefecture of Ulaanbaatar, a pre-diocesan missionary jurisdiction of the Roman Catholic Church in Mongolia.

## Biography

Born on 29 September 1949 in Tubao, La Union, Philippines, Wenceslao Padilla came from a Catholic family; his father was a catechist. In 1960 he entered the seminary and in 1976 was ordained a priest for Scheut Missionaries. He was a missionary in Taiwan and, for six years, a provincial superior of the Chinese provinces of his Order.
When in 1991 Mongolia and the Holy See established diplomatic relations, he was sent as a missionary to Urga (the old name of Ulanbataar). On 19 April 1992 he was appointed ecclesiastical superior of the mission sui iuris of Urga. He began taking care of street children, the homeless, disabled and old.
When on 8 July 2002, Pope John Paul II established the Apostolic Prefecture of Ulaanbaatar, Father Padilla became its first prefect. On 2 August 2003 he received the episcopal dignity; he received the titular see of Tharros. His episcopal consecration on 29 August 2003 was presided over by Cardinal Crescenzio Sepe, in the Ulanbataar cathedral.
The first Mongolian priest, Joseph Enkhee-Baatar, was ordained by Padilla on 26 August 2016.
He continued in his ministry giving help to homeless and orphans until 2016.

## Death

Padilla died on 25 September 2018 in Ulaanbaatar due to a heart attack.
# Huta, Ciechanów County

Huta is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Glinojeck, within Ciechanów County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland.
# Huta Gruszczyno

Huta Gruszczyno is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Stoczek, within Węgrów County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately 14 kilometres (9 mi) north-west of Węgrów and 69 km (43 mi) north-east of Warsaw.
# Aoung Bok

Aoung Bok (Burmese: အောင်းပေါက်) is a village in Taungdwingyi Township, Magway, Myanmar.
* This Myanmar location article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
# Opera cake

Opera cake (French: Gâteau opéra) is a French cake. It is made with layers of almond sponge cake (known as Joconde in French) soaked in coffee syrup, layered with ganache and coffee (or Grand Marnier) French buttercream, and covered in a chocolate glaze. Its name originates from its layers resembling the levels of an opera house.
According to Larousse Gastronomique, "Opéra gâteau is an elaborate almond sponge cake with a coffee and chocolate filling and icing." Traditionally, the word Opera is also written on top of the chocolate glaze. Edible gold leaf is sometimes added to the presentation.

## Origin

An advertisement in Le Gaulois in 1899 offers a "gâteau opéra".
The cake was popularized by the French pâtisserie house Dalloyau, but its origin is unclear. Cyriaque Gavillon claimed to have created the cake there in 1955 and that his wife Andrée Gavillon named it after the Opéra Garnier.
Gaston Lenôtre (1920–2009) claimed he invented the dessert in 1960.
# Blastemanthus

Blastemanthus is a genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Ochnaceae.
Its native range is Southern Tropical America.
Species:
* Blastemanthus gemmiflorus (Mart.) Planch.
* Blastemanthus grandiflorus Spruce ex Engl.
# Vitaliy Kobzar

Vitaliy Yuriyovych Kobzar (Ukrainian: Віталій Юрійович Кобзар; born 9 May 1972) is a former Kyrgyzstani and Ukrainian footballer. He was a member of the Kyrgyzstan national football team.
# Zohanru

Zohanru (Persian: ذهنرو, also Romanized as Z̄ohanrū) is a village in Birk Rural District, in the Central District of Mehrestan County, Sistan and Baluchestan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 36, in 9 families.
# Izbica, Masovian Voivodeship

Izbica is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Serock, within Legionowo County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately 9 kilometres (6 mi) west of Serock, 12 km (7 mi) north of Legionowo, and 32 km (20 mi) north of Warsaw.
# Izdebki-Kośmidry

Izdebki-Kośmidry is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Zbuczyn, within Siedlce County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately 12 kilometres (7 mi) east of Zbuczyn, 25 km (16 mi) east of Siedlce, and 111 km (69 mi) east of Warsaw.
# George Bryson Jr.

George Bryson (July 20, 1852 – May 8, 1937) was a Quebec lumber merchant and political figure. He served as a member of the Legislative Council of Quebec for Inkerman division from 1887 to 1937 as a Liberal member.
He was born in Fort-Coulonge, the son of George Bryson and Robina Cobb, and was educated at the British American Commercial College in Toronto and the Montreal Military College. Bryson was a director for the Bank of Ottawa (later the Bank of Nova Scotia). In 1875, he married Helen, the daughter of James Craig, an Ontario MPP. Bryson was mayor of Mansfield and Pontefract from 1891 to 1892 and from 1894 to 1895. He was named a minister without portfolio in the province's cabinet in 1931 and became government leader for the Legislative Council in 1932. He died in office in Ottawa at the age of 84.
# Ledebouria

Ledebouria is a genus of African bulbous perennial herbs in the Asparagus family, Asparagaceae, subfamily Scilloideae. Most members were previously part of the genus Scilla. A number of species are grown by cacti and succulent enthusiasts for their patterned leaves.
Most of the species are native to Madagascar and Africa (except North Africa), but a few are from India, Sri Lanka or the Arabian Peninsula.
The genus name of Ledebouria is in honour of Carl Friedrich von Ledebour (1786–1851), a German-Estonian botanist. It was first described and published in Nov. Pl. Sp. on page 194 in 1821.

## Species

* Ledebouria apertiflora (Baker) Jessop
* Ledebouria asperifolia (van der Merwe) S.Venter
* Ledebouria atrobrunnea S.Venter
* Ledebouria caesiomontana Hankey & Hahn
* Ledebouria camerooniana (Baker) Speta
* Ledebouria concolor (Baker) Jessop
* Ledebouria confusa S.Venter
* Ledebouria cooperi (Hook. f.) Jessop
* Ledebouria cordifolia (Baker) Stedje & Thulin
* Ledebouria coriacea S.Venter
* Ledebouria cremnophila S.Venter & van Jaarsv.
* Ledebouria crispa S.Venter
* Ledebouria dolomiticola S.Venter
* Ledebouria edulis (Engl.) Stedje
* Ledebouria ensifolia (Eckl.) S.Venter & T.J.Edwards
* Ledebouria floribunda (Baker) Jessop
* Ledebouria galpinii (Baker) S.Venter & T.J.Edwards
* Ledebouria glauca S.Venter
* Ledebouria grandifolia (Balf.f.) A.G.Mill. & D.Alexander
* Ledebouria hyderabadensis M.V.Ramana, Prasanna & Venu
* Ledebouria hypoxidioides (Schönland) Jessop
* Ledebouria inquinata (C. A. Sm.) Jessop
* Ledebouria insularis A.G.Mill.
* Ledebouria karnatakensis Punekar & Lakshmin
* Ledebouria kirkii (Baker) Stedje & Thulin
* Ledebouria lepida (N.E.Br.) S.Venter
* Ledebouria leptophylla (Baker) S.Venter
* Ledebouria lilacina (Fenzl ex Kunth) Speta
* Ledebouria luteola Jessop
* Ledebouria macowanii (Baker) S.Venter
* Ledebouria maesta (Baker) Speta
* Ledebouria marginata (Baker) Jessop
* Ledebouria minima (Baker) S.Venter
* Ledebouria mokobulanensis A.J.Hankey and T.J.Edwards
* Ledebouria monophylla S.Venter
* Ledebouria nossibeensis (H.Perrier) J.C.Manning & Goldblatt
* Ledebouria ovalifolia (Schrad.) Jessop
* Ledebouria ovatifolia (Baker) Jessop
* Ledebouria papillata S.Venter
* Ledebouria pardalota S.Venter
* Ledebouria parvifolia S.Venter
* Ledebouria pustulata S.Venter
* Ledebouria remifolia S.Venter
* Ledebouria revoluta (L. f.) Jessop
* Ledebouria rupestris (van der Merwe) S.Venter
* Ledebouria sandersonii (Baker) S.Venter & T.J.Edwards
* Ledebouria scabrida Jessop
* Ledebouria socialis (Baker) Jessop
* Ledebouria somaliensis (Baker) Stedje & Thulin
* Ledebouria sudanica (A.Chev.) Burg in A.Akoègninou & al.
* Ledebouria undulata (Jacq.) Jessop
* Ledebouria urceolata Stedje
* Ledebouria venteri van Jaarsv. & A.E.van Wyk
* Ledebouria viscosa Jessop
* Ledebouria zambesiaca (Baker) Speta
* Ledebouria zebrina (Baker) S.Venter
# Concordia, Sinaloa

Concordia is a city and its surrounding municipality in the Mexican state of Sinaloa. The town is noted for manufacture of artesinal wooden furniture, symbolized by the giant chair in the town plaza. According to 2010 census, it had a population of 8,328 inhabitants.
Founded as Villa de San Sebastián in 1565 by Francisco de Ibarra, Concordia was originally a center of gold, silver and copper mining. The main church, San Sebastián, was built in 1785 with an ornate baroque facade.
Concordia is about an hour's travel southeast of Mazatlán, on the highway to Durango. It stands at 23°17′18″N 106°04′03″W﻿ / ﻿23.28833°N 106.06750°W﻿ / 23.28833; -106.06750.
Residents of San Jerónimo de El Verde, located 13 km (8.1 mi) from Concordia, protested against water shortages in February 2021. Felipe Garzón López, mayor of Concordia, (PRI) blamed population increases and the drying of artisanal wells in El Palmito, Pastoría, Malpica, Amboscada, Huajote, Agua Caliente de Garate, Guásima and El Verde for water shortages. He said the solution is connection to the Picachos Dam and reservoir, as promised by President Andrés Manuel López Obrador in December 2020.
As of February 21, 2021, Concordia has reported 80 infections and 27 deaths related to the COVID-19 pandemic in Mexico that began in March 2020.
# Expedition Robinson (Central Europe)

Expedition Robinson was the Central European version of Expedition Robinson. The name alludes to both Robinson Crusoe and The Swiss Family Robinson, two stories featuring people marooned by shipwrecks.

## Background and history

In the spring of 2000, ORF in Austria and RTL2 in Germany decided to buy the broadcasting rights to the shows Big Brother and Expedition Robinson as they wanted to begin airing a new "reality soaps" genre. Neither show was quite as big a success as RTL2 had expected, however both were renewed for a second season (Big Brother would eventually be renewed for at least ten more). Das Inselduell – Nur einer kommt durch! [de], an unofficial adaption of the format aired on Sat.1 in 2000 but was axed after one season.
Following the first season, ORF chose to no longer broadcast Expedition Robinson leaving only RTL2 to air a second season. In 2001, RTL2 decided to produce a show that was almost identical to Expedition Robinson known as Gestrandet – Zeig, was in dir steckt! [de]. Gestrandet proved to be a ratings failure and was also axed. This was followed by Outback, a unofficial adaption of Survivor: The Australian Outback, in 2002 on RTL and a ProSieben revival of Survivor in 2007. The format returned once more in 2019, this time on VOX.
In October 2024, a further revival was announced by Banijay Entertainment to be produced in partnership by Turkish media company Acun Medya and Banijay subsidiary Brainpool TV for broadcast on Sport1.

## Format

The Robinson format was developed by Planet 24, a United Kingdom TV production company owned by Charlie Parsons and Bob Geldof. Their company Castaway Television Productions retained the rights to the concept when they sold Planet 24 in 1999. Mark Burnett later licensed the format to create the U.S. show Survivor in 2000.
Sixteen contestants are put into a survival situation and compete in a variety of physical challenges. Early in each season two teams compete but later on the teams are merged and the competitions become individual. At the end of each show one contestant is eliminated from the show by the others in a secret "island council" ballot.
The format for Gestrandet was very similar to that of Robinson, but instead of there being sixteen contestants, there were only fourteen and they were initially divided into tribes by gender. Jokers could also enter the game at any time. Finally the winner of Gestrandet was not determined by any kind of juror vote, but was decided by a large obstacle course.

## Seasons

| Year | Channel | Host | Location | Days | Participants | Winner |
| 2000 | ORF 1 (2000) RTL2 | Volker Piesczek | Malaysia | 39 | 19 | Melanie Lauer |
| 2001 | ORF 1 (2000) RTL2 | Pierre Geisensetter | Panama | 60 | 22 | Alexander Kolo |
| 2007 | Prosieben | Sascha Kalupke | Malaysia | 50 | 18 | Volker Kreuzner |
| 2019 | VOX | Florian Weber | Fiji | 39 | 18 | Lara Grünfeld |