OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Monte Pietraborga

Monte Pietraborga is a mountain in the Cottian Alps, Metropolitan City of Turin in Piedmont, north-western Italy. It is located between the comuni of Trana and Sangano.

## Features

The mountain overlooks Trana and belongs to the South flank of the Sangone valley. On its summit three ridges meet: the Eastern one goes down till to a saddle at 658 m then, after regaining some metres of elevation with the Punta del Colletto (685 m), ends up close to the centre of Sangano; the brief North ridge goes down heading to Trana, and the South ridge connects the Pietraborga with Monte San Giorgio.

## Geology

The Pietraborga is known by geologists as an example of mountain made of serpentine. North of the mountain a stone quarry operated in the early 20th century.

## History

The Pietraborga summit cross was built in 1900. Not faraway from the summit, heading towards Colle Damone, stands a group of boulders interpreted by some people as Celtic remains (dolmens and menhirs roughly arranged in a circle in the so called Sito dei Celti – Celtics' Site).
The village of Pratovigero, located on the Pietraborga slopes facing Trana, was permanently inhabited till to the 1960s.

## Access to the summit

The Pietraborga is mainly a mountain for hikers, and can be reached following a footpath starting from the San Sebastiano chapel in Sangano (Via delle Prese). The route follows the South-Eastern slopes passing by the Cippo De Vitis (460 m), a memorial monument devoted to the Italian partisan Sergio De Vitis, killed by the nazist troops in 1944. There are also shorter ways to reach the summit: one starts from the village of Pratovigero (Trana), easily crossing the Colle Damone (758 m), and another from the Prese di Piossasco, following the South ridge of Pietraborga. A little less easy way, after the Cippo De Vitis, runs on the East ridge of the mountain. Another hiking route is known as Direttissima, and follows a very steep footpath in the wood which directly connects Pratovigero to the summit.
Some stone pinnacles close to the summit are an interesting climbing area, even if the routes are not so long.
The summit of the Pietraborga offers a very appreciated view which ranges from the Monviso to the Turin plain and hillside, and from the Sacra di San Michele to the mountains close to Pinerolo. Even if not located at a high altitude Monte Pietraborga has its own summit register.

## Maps

* 6 - Pinerolese Val Sangone, 1:25.000 scale, publisher: Fraternali, Ciriè
* 17 - Torino Pinerolo e Bassa Val di Susa, 1:50.000 scale, publisher: IGC – Istituto Geografico Centrale, Torino
# William Bee Ravenel III

William Bee Ravenel III (Aug 9, 1914 – May 12, 1968) was an educator and a soldier. As head of the English Department at the Episcopal High School in Alexandria, Virginia, he was a major influence on the life of Arizona senator and 2008 U.S. presidential candidate John McCain, who called Ravenel "one of the finest men I have ever known". During World War II Maj. Ravenel received both the Silver Star and the Bronze Star with two Oak Leaf Clusters while serving in the 6th Armored Division of General George Patton's Third Army. He became a Colonel in the U.S. Army Reserve while teaching at Episcopal High.
Sen. McCain reflected on the positive impact Mr. Ravenel had on his life in an interview with the Harvard Mentoring Project of the Harvard School of Public Health: "I have never forgotten the confidence his praise gave me. Nor did I ever forget the man who praised me. Years later, during the time I was imprisoned in Vietnam, I thought about Mr. Ravenel a lot. He was the one who reinforced in me the standards of honorable behavior. I was faced with several decisions and one in particular, would I accept an offer of the Vietnamese to go home early? I thought about the fact that Mr. Ravenel had been in combat in World War II and thus had a feel for what I was involved in. And I really believed, as I thought about it and considered it, that Mr. Ravenel wouldn't look favorably upon such a decision, because it was not an honorable one. So, I refused the offer...
"After I returned home, Mr. Ravenel was the only person outside of my family who I wanted to see, because his approval or disapproval of me was probably more important than anyone else's in my life, outside of my father's. I felt he was someone to whom I could explain what had happened to me, and who would understand. That is a high tribute to Mr. Ravenel.
"I regret that I was never able to pay him that tribute. Upon return I found that my mentor had passed on. Mr. Ravenel had died of a heart attack two years [sic] before my release from prison. He lived for only 53 years. His early death was a great loss to his family, friends, and students, and to everyone who had been blessed with his company; a loss I found difficult to accept.
"Were William B. Ravenel the only person I remembered from high school, I would credit those days as among the best of my life. He was an inspirational man, and I wasn't the only one that he inspired. His influence over my life, while perhaps not apparent to most who have observed its progress, was more important and more benevolent than that of any other person save members of my family."
# Calohystricia

Calohystricia is a genus of flies in the tachinid family.

## Species

* Calohystricia albosignata (Wulp, 1892)
* Calohystricia gerstchi (Curran, 1942)
* Calohystricia velutina (Wulp, 1888)
# George Ryan (Canadian politician)

George Ryan (August 12, 1806 – February 5, 1876) was a New Brunswick farmer and political figure. He represented King's in the 1st Canadian Parliament as a Liberal member.
He was born in Pointe de Bute, New Brunswick in 1806, the son of James Ryan, and moved to Studholm in Kings County with his family in 1814. In 1827, he married Miriam, the daughter of Samuel Freeze, a former member of the provincial assembly. Ryan represented Kings in the Legislative Assembly of New Brunswick from 1850 to 1856, from 1861 to 1865 and in 1866; he was elected to the same seat in the House of Commons following Confederation.
vte1867 Canadian federal election: King's :
| Party | Candidate | Votes | Elected |
| | Liberal | George Ryan | 1,303 | Y |
| | Unknown | George Otty | 1,083 | |
| Source: Canadian Elections Database |||||||
# Luke Blake

Luke Blake is a professional rugby league footballer who plays for the Batley Bulldogs in the Kingstone Press Championship. He has also played for the Wakefield Trinity Wildcats, and Dewsbury Rams, as a hooker.

## Playing career

Blake returned to Batley Bulldogs in 2021 after a five-year absence.

## Personal

Luke Blake is the cousin, and former teammate of Leon Walker.
# Simon Coleman

Simon Coleman (born 13 June 1968) is an English former professional footballer who played as a defender.
He notably played in the Premier League for Sheffield Wednesday and Bolton Wanderers and in the Football League for Mansfield Town, Middlesbrough, Derby County, Wolverhampton Wanderers, Southend United and Rochdale.

## Playing career

He played 475 competitive games in English football and appeared in the Premier League for both Sheffield Wednesday and Bolton Wanderers. His career at Bolton may have reached greater heights in the Premier League had his leg not been broken in a tackle by Derby County's Marco Gabbiadini in February 1995.

## Personal life

He has previously worked at a football academy in Mansfield. He now works at Garibaldi School as a Physical Education Teacher.

## Honours

* Zenith Data Systems Cup: Runner up 1989/90 with Middlesbrough
* First Division Championship: 1996/97 (with Bolton Wanderers)
# Bolton (disambiguation)

Bolton is a town in Greater Manchester, England, historically in Lancashire.
Bolton may also refer to:

## People

* Bolton (surname)
* Bolton Smilie, a character in the BBC TV drama Waterloo Road

## Places
### Australia

* Bolton, Victoria

### Canada

* Bolton, Ontario
* Bolton-Est, Quebec, Eastern Townships
* West Bolton, Quebec, Eastern Townships

### United Kingdom

* Metropolitan Borough of Bolton, Greater Manchester
** County Borough of Bolton (former)
** Bolton (UK Parliament constituency)
* Bolton, Bradford, West Yorkshire, in Bolton and Undercliffe
* Bolton, County Armagh, a townland in County Armagh, Northern Ireland
* Bolton, Cumbria
* Bolton, East Riding of Yorkshire
* Bolton, Northumberland
* Bolton, East Lothian

#### Places with similar names

* Bolton-by-Bowland, Lancashire
* Bolton-le-Sands, Lancashire
* Bolton upon Dearne, South Yorkshire
* Bolton-on-Swale, North Yorkshire
* Bolton Abbey, North Yorkshire
* Bolton Percy, North Yorkshire
* Boltonfellend, Cumbria
* Boltongate, Cumbria
* Castle Bolton, North Yorkshire
* Boltons, Cumbria

### United States

* Bolton, Connecticut
* Bolton, Atlanta, Georgia, a neighborhood
* Bolton, Illinois
* Bolton, Kansas
* Bolton, Massachusetts
* Bolton, Michigan
* Bolton, Mississippi
* Bolton, Missouri
* Bolton, New York
* Bolton Landing, New York
* Bolton, North Carolina
* Bolton, Ohio
* Bolton, Vermont, a New England town
** Bolton (CDP), Vermont, village in the town
* Boltonville, Wisconsin
* Bolton Field, an airport in Columbus, Ohio
# Lake Surprise (Watchung Reservation, New Jersey)

Lake Surprise is a reservoir made by Surprise Lake Dam on the Blue Brook in Watchung Reservation. On the border of Berkeley Heights and Mountainside in Union County, New Jersey, the lake was created in 1845 for David Felt's papermill.
The lake was previously known as Feltville Lake, then renamed Ackerman Lake, and renamed again as Silver Lake. The Union County Park Commission bought the property for inclusion in the Watchung Reservation and named it Lake Surprise, due to the winding road park planners paved, on which a visitor's view of the lake is obscured until the visitor is right next to the lake.
# Bucarabones River

The Bucarabones River (Spanish: Río Bucarabones) is a river of Maricao, Puerto Rico.
# National Route 907 (Costa Rica)

National Tertiary Route 907, or just Route 907 (Spanish: Ruta Nacional Terciaria 907, or Ruta 907) is a National Road Route of Costa Rica, located in the Guanacaste province.

## Description

In Guanacaste province the route covers Nicoya canton (San Antonio, Quebrada Honda districts).
# Tuas Lamp Post 1

Tuas Lamp Post 1 is a cycling attraction in Singapore. It is the only lamp post in Singapore on which it is legal to paste stickers. This has led to it being covered in stickers as high as 10 meters up. It is located on Tuas South Boulevard, near the Tuas Mega Port, about 13km from the Tuas Checkpoint.

## History

Tuas Lamp Post 1 first gained prominence in 2014, when it was the destination of a group of 60 cyclists in the LoveCyclingSG group during a 50km bike ride from West Coast Park to Tuas. Stopping in Tuas at the end of their "Song Song to Jurong" event, a co-founder of the group, Woon Taiwoon, pasted a "Pedal Until Shiok" sticker on the lamp post. The sticker was later removed by the authorities in routine cleaning by contractors. However, the lamp post gained fame and other cyclists began riding there to take photos and paste their own stickers. Tuas South Boulevard was later being extended due to land reclamation for Tuas Mega Port, leading the nickname Tuas Lamp Post 1 being applied to another lamp post further down the road. In 2017, another group of cyclist discovered another lamp post further west on reclaimed land and labeled it as the new Tuas Lamp Post 1. The lamp post grew in popularity during the circuit breaker measures from April to June 2020, as many Singaporeans took up cycling. Stickers could be found on the lamp post as high as 10m top.
On 7 January 2021, Transport Minister Ong Ye Kung announced on Facebook that stickers would no longer be removed from the lamp post.
   The Tuas Lamp Post 1 is a special lamp post, located in the Western corner of Singapore – with a pin even on Google Maps.
   Urban folklore has it that cyclists on round-island trips will make a pit stop there, where they will take photos with the lamp post, and leave their favourite stickers behind.
   Many were sad to see these stickers go when street light maintenance contractors cleared them during a routine inspection.
   I have discussed with Land Transport Authority, who in turned discussed with JTC. We decided to make an exception for this lamp post, given that it's a far out location and a special spot to help cyclists find their way.
   These are little exceptions to the rule, which do not cause disamenities or pose safety hazards to the public, to brighten up life in Singapore.
The decision to allow stickers to be legally pasted on Tuas Lamp Post 1 was popular in the cycling community, with cyclists describing it as a remarkable exception in Singapore, where vandalism is generally criminalized and harshly punished under the Vandalism Act.
# East Rapti River

The East Rapti River flows from east to west through the Chitwan Valley in Nepal, forming the northern border of the Chitwan National Park. It joins the Narayani River inside the protected area.
# Monoenergism

Monoenergism (Greek: μονοενεργητισμός) was a notion in early medieval Christian theology, representing the belief that Christ had only one "energy" (energeia). The teaching of one energy was propagated during the first half of the seventh century by Patriarch Sergius I of Constantinople. Opposition to dyoenergism, its counterpart, would persist until Dyoenergism was espoused as Orthodoxy at the Sixth Ecumenical Council and monoenergism was rejected as heresy.

## History

After the failure of Emperor Justinian I and the Second Council of Constantinople to mend the Chalcedonian schism and unify main Christian communities within the Byzantine Empire by a single Christology, similar efforts were renewed by Heraclius (610–641), who attempted to solve the schism between the Chalcedonian (also called dyophysite) party and the non-Chalcedonian miaphysite party, suggesting the compromise of monoenergism.
This compromise adopted the Chalcedonian dyophysite belief that Christ the Incarnate Logos of God is of and in two natures, but tried to address non-Chalcedonian miaphysite misgivings by the view that Christ had one "energy" (energeia), a term whose definition was left deliberately vague. Monoenergism was accepted by the Patriarchs of Constantinople, Antioch, and Alexandria, as well as by the Armenians and was not clearly criticized by Pope Honorius I of Rome in his 635 epistle. However, it was rejected by Athanasius I Gammolo and the strong opposition of Patriarch Sophronius of Jerusalem won wide support. This led Heraclius to abandon the teaching in 638 (though still condemning dyoenergism) and to attempt to enforce instead the doctrine of monothelitism, opposed most notably by Maximus the Confessor. This too failed to heal the schism and theologically unite the empire.
Both monoenergism as well as monotheletism were condemned as heresies by the Sixth Ecumenical Council, held in Constantinople in 680–681.
# USS Firecrest (AMc-33)

USS Firecrest (AMc-33) was a Firecrest-class coastal minesweeper acquired by the United States Navy for the dangerous task of removing mines from minefields laid in the water to prevent ships from passing.
The wooden-hulled purse seiner S. G. Giuseppe, built in 1937 at Wilmington, Los Angeles, by the boatbuilders Trigoning and Carlson, was acquired by the Navy from M. B. Giuseppe, of San Pedro, Los Angeles, on 5 November 1940, and delivery and acceptance by the Commandant, 11th Naval District, took place the same day. Conversion to a coastal minesweeper began immediately, at the Campbell Machine Co., of San Diego, California; renamed Firecrest and designated as a coastal minesweeper (AMc-33), the ship was placed in service on 4 April 1941, Ensign Charles S. Judson Jr., USNR, officer-in-charge.

## World War II service

By the end of April 1941, Firecrest was operating out of the Section Base, San Diego, north of the destroyer base at that port. In concert with USS Courser (AMc-32), she began daily operations in San Diego harbor, streaming her sweep gear; she also conducted independent sweeping operations during that time. As the spring of 1941 gave way to the summer, Firecrest alternately swept the harbor waters with her magnetic or acoustical gear, patrolled, or conducted training. On 17 July 1941, during a towing operation in a heavy ground swell, she lost one of her 400-pound anchors.

### Attack on Pearl Harbor

After a brief period out of commission pending the arrival of new parts for her 540 kilowatt generator engine (3–4 December 1941), she resumed active operations on 5 December 1941, underway on assigned duty planting drill mines. Two days later, however, the Japanese surprise attack against the U.S. Pacific Fleet at Pearl Harbor resulted in emergency duty for Firecrest at the harbor entrance, with four new men being assigned to her complement.

### Assigned minesweeping and patrol duties

With her home yard at Mare Island, Vallejo, California, and her home port, San Diego, Firecrest was transferred from duty under Commander, Western Sea Frontier to Commander, Naval Local Defense Forces, 11th Naval District, on 16 March 1943. She conducted coastal patrol and minesweeping operations into the following summer.

### Services no longer required

Firecrest's services "no longer required in minesweeping duties," Commandant, 11th Naval District, was requested (20 July 1944) to remove all type and military equipment and place her out of service with an eye toward future disposition. Accordingly, placed out of service on 18 September 1944, Firecrest was stricken from the Navy Register on 14 October 1944 and delivered to the War Shipping Administration on 3 April 1945.

## Post-war return to fishing

Reverting to her original name, S. G. Giuseppe, soon thereafter, and under the ownership of Antonio D'Ambra of Los Angeles, California, she operated in the fishing trade into the early 1950s.
# Øster Løgum Parish

Øster Løgum Parish (Danish: Øster Løgum Sogn) is a parish in the Diocese of Haderslev in Aabenraa Municipality, Denmark.
# Heraclides of Aenus

Heraclides of Aenus (Greek: Ἡρακλείδης Αἴνιος) was one of Plato's students. Around 360 BC, he and his brother Python assassinated Cotys I, the ruler of Thrace.
# Haggerston (ward)

Haggerston is a ward in the London Borough of Hackney and forms part of the Hackney South and Shoreditch constituency. It roughly aligns with the core area of the neighborhood of Haggerston and some of Shoreditch and Hoxton.

## Hackney council elections since 2014
### 2022 election

The election took place on 5 May 2022.
2022 Hackney London Borough Council election: Haggerston :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | Labour | Humaira Garasia | 1,786 | 73.8 |
| | Labour | Midnight Ross | 1,604 | 66.2 |
| | Labour | Jon Narcross | 1,503 | 62.1 |
| | Green | Kathryne Chalker | 711 | 29.4 |
| | Green | Alice Spendley | 643 | 26.6 |
| | Green | Maxime Vers | 453 | 18.7 |
| | Conservative | Karolina Bugaric | 325 | 13.4 |
| | Ind. Network | Niall Crowley | 240 | 9.9 |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | | 28.9 |
| | Labour hold | Labour hold | Swing | |
| | Labour hold | Labour hold | Swing | |
| | Labour hold | Labour hold | Swing | |

### 2018 election

The election took place on 3 May 2018.
2018 Hackney London Borough Council election: Haggerston :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | Labour | Ajay Chauhan | 2,128 | 66.4 |
| | Labour | Patrick Spence | 2,117 | 66.1 |
| | Labour | Humaira Garasia | 2,033 | 63.5 |
| | Green | Gideon Corby | 545 | 17.0 |
| | Green | Deepa Shah | 398 | 12.4 |
| | Green | Paul Urwin | 368 | 11.5 |
| | Liberal Democrats | James Neville | 261 | 8.1 |
| | Liberal Democrats | Bella Sharer | 184 | 5.7 |
| | Conservative | Miroslawa Dabrowska | 183 | 5.7 |
| | Liberal Democrats | Geoffrey Payne | 182 | 5.7 |
| | Conservative | Sean Sullivan | 182 | 5.7 |
| | Conservative | Monika Hoppe-Krajewska | 164 | 5.1 |
| Majority | Majority | Majority | | |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | | 33.0 |
| | Labour hold | Labour hold | Swing | |
| | Labour hold | Labour hold | Swing | |
| | Labour hold | Labour hold | Swing | |

### 2014 election

The ward returns three councillors to Borough Council. At the 22 May 2014 local elections Ann Munn, Jonathan McShane, and Barry Buitekant, all Labour Party candidates, were returned. Turnout was 34.91%.
# Little Pendulum Island

Little Pendulum Island (Danish: Lille Pedulum Ø) is an island in Eastern Greenland, in the Northeast Greenland National Park.

## History

The island was named by Douglas Charles Clavering’s 1823 expedition, during which the Irish scientist Edward Sabine swung the pendulum on the largest of the islands (Sabine Island).

## Geography

Little Pendulum Island is located to the north east of Wollaston Foreland, and to the south of Shannon Island. Together with Sabine Island (formerly Inner Pendulum Island) and an islet named Walrus Island (Danish: Hvalros Ø) south of Sabine, it constitutes the Pendulum Islands.
* 19th-century map of the Pendulum Islands. 2nd German Polar Expedition 1869–70.
# Caloptilia infaceta

Caloptilia infaceta is a moth of the family Gracillariidae. It is known from Madagascar.
# Earth Defense

Earth Defense (Chinese: 地球防衛戰; pinyin: Dìqiú Fángwèi Zhàn), credited as The Earth Defend on title screen, is an unlicensed game for the Sega Mega Drive/Genesis; it was developed by AV Artisan and published by Realtec in both North America and Taiwan, without a license from Sega.
The game cartridge and box shapes as well as quality in graphics and box art are identical to AV Artisan's previous titles Funny World & Balloon Boy and Mallet Legend's Whac-a-Critter, both published by Realtec. Earth Defense was also rare in that it was a simultaneous 2 player vertical scrolling shoot 'em up on the Genesis which primarily featured single player shoot 'em ups. The player takes on the role of a jet pilot assigned to liberate five world continents from a technologically advanced army.

## Weapons

Players had two different types of weapons to choose from during combat. A vulcan/spread shot weapon and a wave/beam shot weapon. Rather than possessing bomb-like items, the players had a shield item that made the ship temporarily invulnerable.

## Levels

Stage 1: Brazil, South America
Stage 2: Washington, North America
Stage 3: Siberia, Russia
Stage 4: China, Asia
Stage 5: Nigeria, Africa

## Compatibility Issues

The game cannot be played through a Sega 32X. The game must be put directly into the Sega Genesis' cartridge slot. When the game is inserted into a Sega 32X, the RealTec logo will show up, but the Sega Genesis will keep resetting itself. The game will not run at all on the Majesco Sega Genesis 3.
# Pagoda Creek Site

Pagoda Creek is an archeological site which was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2017.
It is located in Park County, Wyoming, near Wapiti, Wyoming, along the North Fork of the Shoshone River between Yellowstone and Cody, Wyoming.
According to the state of Wyoming, "This scenic location is winter habitat for elk, bighorn sheep and mule deer. Between 2,730 and 2,799 years ago, this site was used mid-winter to butcher and process bighorn sheep and mule deer that had been killed nearby. Upwind from hearths at the site are artifacts indicating stone tool maintenance and manufacture. Downwind from the hearths are discarded bones. The bones have cut marks from butchering and were also busted up to remove the nutritious bone marrow. Parts of the site are well preserved and have the potential to provide further information about this period. The site was excavated in 1985 by a crew from the Office of the Wyoming State Archaeologist led by Dan Eakin before a road improvement project."