OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Gratien Fernando

Wathumullage Gratien Hubert Fernando CGA (1915 – 5 August 1942) was the leader of the Cocos Islands Mutiny and an agitator for the independence of Sri Lanka from the British.
Fernando was born to Sinhalese Buddhist parents. His father was a superintendent at the Ceylon Telegraph Office.
He went to school at St Thomas' College, Mt Lavinia. He was later converted to Roman Catholicism. He was impressed by the program of the Lanka Sama Samaja Party and by the anti-imperialist literature which it circulated but did not join the party. He was shipped off with his unit first to the Seychelles and later to Horsburgh Island in the Cocos Islands.
Here, he argued with his officers and agitated for action among his colleagues: his agenda was to create an increase in the support for Sri Lankan independence from British rule. He finally persuaded a core group to rebel, seize the island and signal the Japanese that they had done so; 30 out of 56 soldiers of his unit took part. On the night of 8/9 May, led by Fernando, men of the unit mutinied. However, their plan failed and the rebellion was suppressed the next day. The leaders of the mutiny were court-martialled and condemned within a week. The commanding officer on Cocos, Captain George Gardiner, an accountant in Colombo who obtained an emergency war commission, while focus of the mutineers' actions, also presided at the Field General Court Martial which convicted them.
Fernando’s father petitioned the army authorities to commute the death penalty and asked Sir Oliver Ernest Goonetilleke, the Civil Defence Commissioner, to intercede with Admiral Sir Geoffrey Layton, the British Commander of Ceylon. However, when Layton interviewed Fernando, he was adamant that he did not wish to be reprieved or pardoned. He told his family 'I’ll never ask a pardon from the British: that would disgrace the cause. Many years hence the World may hear my story'.
He was executed on 5 August 1942 at Welikada Prison, Ceylon, and two other mutineers shortly thereafter. They were the only British Commonwealth troops to be executed for mutiny during the Second World War. Fernando showed defiance to the end, his last words being "Loyalty to a country under the heel of a white man is disloyalty". He was buried at the Kanatte Cemetery in an unmarked grave.
# Henri Eugène Lucien Gaëtan Coemans

Henri Eugène Lucien Gaëtan Coemans (30 October 1825, Brussels – 8 January 1871, Ghent) was a Belgian Catholic priest and botanist.
In 1848 he obtained his ordination, later serving as a curate in Ghent (from 1853). In 1864 he became a member of the Académie royale des Sciences et Belles-Lettres de Bruxelles, followed by a professorship at the Catholic University of Leuven in 1866. From 1868 to 1871 he was director of a Franciscan convent in Ghent.
As a taxonomist he identified the genus Fittonia (family Acanthaceae). The genus Coemansia is named in his honor.

## Selected works

* Monographie du genre Pilobolus, Tode, spècialement ètudiè au point de vue anatomique et physiologique, 1861 - Monograph of the genus Pilobolus.
* Spicilège mycologique, 1862 - Mycological scrapbook.
* Notices biographiques sur quelques lichenographes celebres, 1864 - Biographical notices of some celebrated lichenologists.
* Monographie des Spenophyllum d'Europe (with Jean Jacques Kickx), 1864 - Monograph on Sphenophyllum of Europe.
* Description de la flore fossile du premier ètage du terrain crètacè du Hainaut, 1867 - Description of fossil flora from the first stage of the Cretaceous terrain in Hainaut.
Coemans issued the exsiccata Cladoniae Belgicae exsiccatae, quas collegit et distribuit, schedulis criticis additis, Eugenius Coemans.
# Singha Bahini Higher Secondary School

Singha Bahini Higher Secondary School (Nepali: सिंहवाहिनी उच्च माध्यमिक विद्यालय) is a public school situated at Myanglung-2, Terhathum in eastern Nepal. It is affiliated under Higher Secondary Education Board.

## Faculty

It offers education in just 3 faculties i.e. Management, Arts and Education. It has a capacity of receiving more than 300 students in all shifts. The studies of +2 level is just in morning shifts and during day, the secondary level students are taught.
# Gongabu Bus Park

Gongabu Bus Park, commonly known as Naya Bus Park (Nepali: नयाँ बसपार्क), is a central bus station located in Gongabu on the North-East corner of Ring Road in Kathmandu, Nepal. It serves as both, a domestic hub as well as a local bus terminus in Northern Kathmandu. Locally, it is served by Sajha Yatayat as well as smaller private operators. It is the biggest and busiest bus station in Nepal connecting the capital city with various regions of Nepal. During peak, around 1500 serve the station on daily basis.

## History

The facility was constructed in 1999 in collaboration with JICA based on private-public partnership model.
There have been upgrades to the stations from 2015 to 2017, leading to a capacity increase from 450 to 800 parking spaces.
In 2023, Kathmandu Metropolitan City enforced all long-distance busses from Kathmandu to destinations outside the Kathmandu Valley to be operated from Gongabu Bus Park. For this, 56 new ticket stalls were added to the bus park.

## Controversies

The operator of the bus station, Lohtse Multi-Cooperatives Pvt. Ltd., constructed unauthorized business complex inside the station which was against the initial agreement with the city of Kathmandu. In 2009 BS, the agreement was amended to allow such businesses.
# Puzeh-ye Kharaftkhaneh

Puzeh-ye Kharaftkhaneh (Persian: پوزه خرفتخانه, also Romanized as Pūzeh-ye Kharaftkhāneh) is a village in Dehdasht-e Sharqi Rural District, in the Central District of Kohgiluyeh County, Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 28, in 5 families.
# Trimorphodon lyrophanes

Trimorphodon lyrophanes, the Baja California lyre snake, is a species of snake of the family Colubridae.
The snake is found in the United States and Mexico.
# 10th Mechanized Infantry Brigade (Greece)

The 10th Infantry Regiment "(10 ΣΠ)" (Greek: 10ο Σύνταγμα Πεζικού (10 ΣΠ)) is a motorized infantry Regiment of the Hellenic Army. Headquartered in Serres and subordinated to the III Army Corps, it was formed from the former 10th Infantry Division (Χ Μεραρχία Πεζικού) on 1 July 2004.

## History
### Early 20th century

The 10th Infantry Division was originally formed in March 1913, in preparation for the Second Balkan War, where it participated. After the end of the war it was based at Veroia. It remained loyal to the royal government during the National Schism, and was withdrawn to Thessaly. After the Noemvriana, the 10th Infantry Division was again moved to Tripoli in the Peloponnese, where it was disbanded in early 1917. In 1919, following the Greek landing at Smyrna, the Smyrna Division (Μεραρχία Σμύρνης) was formed there, which in November 1920 was renamed as the 10th Infantry Division. The division distinguished itself during the Asia Minor Campaign, particularly in the Battle of Afyonkarahisar–Eskişehir. During the Greek retreat in August 1922, it retreated orderly and evacuated over the Marmara Sea to Eastern Thrace. During the next few years it remained based in Veroia. It fought during the Greco-Italian War of 1940–41 and was disbanded after the Greek capitulation in April 1941.
It was re-established at Thessaloniki in 1946 as the 10th Mountain Division (Χ Ορεινή Μεραρχία) and fought in the Greek Civil War under III Army Corps. Renamed to 10th Infantry Division, it was moved to Serres in July 1950, where it remains to this day. It received the honor title "Rupel" in 2000, in memory of the Rupel Fortress.

### Current use

It was reorganized as the 10th Infantry Brigade (10η Ταξιαρχία Πεζικού) on 1 July 2004, coming under the control of I Army Corps, but was reformed as a mechanized infantry unit in November 2009 and subordinated to III Army Corps. It re-acquired a national role after having been reduced to a headquarters-only formation for NATO use.

## Structure

* Headquarters Company (ΛΔ/10ου ΣΠ) located at Serres.
* 10th Signals Company (10 ΛΔΒ)
* 10th Engineer Company (10 ΛΜΧ)
* 567th Motorized Infantry Battalion (567 M/Π ΤΠ) at Sidirokastro.
* 518th Motorized Infantry Battalion (518 M/Π ΤΠ) located at Kato Nevrokopi.
* 10th Support Battalion (10 ΤΥΠ)
# Douglas Spedden

Robert Douglas Spedden (19 November 1905 – 8 August 1915) was a child survivor of the sinking of the RMS Titanic. After surviving the sinking, his mother Daisy Spedden wrote the book Polar the Titanic Bear for him. Spedden died three years after the sinking, when he was hit by an automobile.

## Background

Spedden was aboard the Titanic at age six, travelling with his family back to their home in Tuxedo Park, New York, following a family trip through Algeria. On board the ship for the first leg of the trip, from Southampton, England, to Cobh, Ireland, was Jesuit priest Francis Browne; by chance, Browne captured a photograph of Spedden playing with a spinning top on the deck of the Titanic.

## Sinking

On April 14, the evening of the sinking, traveling in first class, Spedden was put to bed in his compartment. During the sinking he awoke briefly when his nurse Elisabeth Burns told him she was taking him "on a trip to see the stars". He is reported to have slept through the rest of the sinking, waking up in a lifeboat the next morning.

## Death

He died in 1915 at age nine, after being hit by an automobile.
Spedden was included briefly in the 1997 film Titanic, played by actor Thomas Fiss. Spedden's mother Daisy Corning Stone Spedden wrote the book Polar the Titanic Bear for Douglas. The book documents the family's travels, and includes a section on the family's survival of the Titanic's sinking.
# Olympia-class cruiser

The Olympia class was a class of protected cruiser operated by the United States Navy.

## History

The Olympia class was built in a transitional period for warship design and for the US Navy. The Navy was expanding its fleet to move beyond coastal defence onto the world stage. The Olympia was larger and faster than the previous generation of Navy ships, built with a new type of vertical triple expansion steam engine. Yet she retained a vestigial suit of sails for emergency propulsion. She was one of the first navy ships to have electricity, hydraulic powered steering gear and refrigeration. The Olympia class was also designed and constructed entirely inside the United States as per a stipulation by Congress. This was to force advances in United States industrial technology. This led to the rise of steel shipbuilding inside the United States.
The Olympia has the distinction of being the third oldest preserved United States Navy ship, after the USS Constitution and the USS Constellation and the only surviving ship of the Spanish–American War.

## List of ships

* USS Olympia (C-6)
# Union councils of Kushtia District

Union councils of Kushtia District (Bengali: কুষ্টিয়া জেলার ইউনিয়ন পরিষদসমূহ) are the smallest rural administrative and local government units in Kushtia District of Bangladesh. The district consists of 5 municipalities, 6 upazilas, 57 ward, 70 mahalla, 71 union porishods, mouza 710 and 978 villages.

## Bheramara Upazila

Bheramara Upazila is divided into Bheramara Municipality and six union parishads. The union parishads are subdivided into 43 mauzas and 78 villages. Bheramara Municipality is subdivided into 9 wards and 15 mahallas.
* Bahadurpur Union
* Bahir Char Union
* Chandgram Union
* Dharampur Union
* Juniadaha Union
* Mokarimpur Union

## Daulatpur Upazila

Daulatpur Upazila is divided into 14 union parishads The union parishads are subdivided into 82 mauzas and 103 villages.
* Adabaria Union
* Aria Union
* Boalia Union
* Chilmari Union
* Daulatpur Union
* Hogolbaria Union
* Khalishakundi Union
* Moricha Union
* Mathurapur Union
* Piarpur Union
* Philipnagar Union
* Pragpur Union
* Ramkrishnapur Union
* Refaitpur Union

## Khoksa Upazila

Khoksa Upazila is divided into Khoksa Municipality and nine union parishads. The union parishads are subdivided into 82 mauzas and 103 villages.
* Ambaria Union
* Betbaria Union
* Gopgram Union
* Janipur Union
* Jayanti Hazra Union
* Khoksa Union
* Osmanpur Union
* Shomospur Union
* Shimulia Union

## Kumarkhali Upazila

Kumarkhali Upazila is divided into Kumarkhali Municipality and 11 union parishads. The union parishads are subdivided into 187 mauzas and 201 villages. Kumarkhali Municipality is subdivided into 9 wards and 17 mahallas.
* Bagulat Union
* Chandpur Union
* Chapra Union
* Joduboyra Union
* Jagannathpur Union
* Kaya Union
* Nandalalpur Union
* Panti Union
* Sodki Union
* Charsadipur Union
* Shelaidaha Union

## Kushtia Sadar Upazila

Kushtia Sadar Upazila is divided into Kushtia Municipality and 14 union parishads. The union parishads are subdivided into 122 mauzas and 176 villages. Kushtia Municipality is subdivided into 21 wards and 36 mahallas.
* Abdalpur Union
* Ailchara Union
* Alampur Union
* Barkhada Union
* Battail Union
* Goswami Durgapur Union
* Harinarayanpur Union
* Hatsh Haripur Union
* Jhaudia Union
* Mozompur Union
* Monohordia Union
* Patikabari Union
* Ujangram Union
* Ziarakhi Union

## Mirpur Upazila

Mirpur Upazila is divided into Mirpur Municipality and 13 union parishads. The union parishads are subdivided into 116 mauzas and 192 villages. Mirpur Municipality is subdivided into 9 wards and 9 mahallas.
* Ambaria Union
* Amla Union
* Bahalbaria Union
* Baruipara Union
* Chhatian Union
* Chithalia Union
* Dhubail Union
* Fulbaria Union
* Kursha Union
* Malihad Union
* Poradaha Union
* Sadarpur Union
* Talbaria Union
# Kajangala

Kajangala (Bengali: কজঙ্গল), refers to a territory located near Rajmahal in ancient times, in eastern part of India.

## Extent

It was spread across what is now part of Birbhum district in West Bengal and Santhal Parganas in Jharkhand.

## History

The Pali Vinayaka-pitaka fixed the eastern limit of Aryavarta (land of the Aryans) at Kajangala.
# 1925–26 Aston Villa F.C. season

The 1925–26 English football season was Aston Villa's 34th season in The Football League.
This was George Ramsay's last season and he retired in April 1926 His trophy haul of six League Championships and six FA Cups established Aston Villa as the most successful club in England. He has been described as the world's first paid football manager. To this day, Ramsay remains one of the most successful managers in the history of English football.
In the opening match of the season Villa beat Burnley 10–0 with goals by Len Capewell (5), George Stephenson, Billy Walker (3) and Dicky York. Dicky York hit 20 goals in 44 appearances in 1925–26. In the Second City derby Villa could only manage a draw at home before losing to Birmingham away.
There were debuts for Reg Chester and Fred Norris. Chester would make 97 appearances in ten years at Villa. Norris made nine Football League appearances at Aston Villa, scoring twice.

## Table

| Pos | Teamvte | Pld | W | D | L | GF | GA | GAv | Pts |
| 4 | Bury | 42 | 20 | 7 | 15 | 85 | 77 | 1.104 | 47 |
| 5 | Sheffield United | 42 | 19 | 8 | 15 | 102 | 82 | 1.244 | 46 |
| 6 | Aston Villa | 42 | 16 | 12 | 14 | 86 | 76 | 1.132 | 44 |
| 7 | Liverpool | 42 | 14 | 16 | 12 | 70 | 63 | 1.111 | 44 |
| 8 | Bolton Wanderers | 42 | 17 | 10 | 15 | 75 | 76 | 0.987 | 44 |
# Daniel Champagne

Daniel Champagne (born May 15, 1969) is a Canadian politician who was the acting Mayor of Gatineau from February to June 2024 and has served as the city councillor for Versant District since 2013. He was the Deputy Mayor of Gatineau until February 22, 2024, when incumbent Mayor France Bélisle announced her sudden resignation from the mayoralty, thrusting Champagne into the acting position, becoming the first acting mayor in history of Gatineau. He served until Maude Marquis-Bissonnette was sworn in as mayor on June 18, 2024, after her win in the 2024 Gatineau mayoral by-election.
On January 18, 2024, he announced that he would not seek re-election for a fourth term as city councillor for Versant District.

## Electoral record
### 2021

| Party | Party | Candidate | Vote | % |
| | Independent | Daniel Champagne (X) | 2,842 | 72.30 |
| | Action Gatineau || Luc Bégin || 1,089 || 27.70 |

### 2017

| Party | Party | Candidate | Vote | % |
| | Independent | Daniel Champagne (X) | 3,148 | 71.14 |
| | Action Gatineau || Luc Gelinas || 1,277 || 28.86 |

### 2013

| Party | Party | Candidate | Vote | % |
| | Independent | Daniel Champagne | 2,607 | 57.35 |
| | Action Gatineau || Geneviève Ouimet || 1,939 || 42.65 |
# Andreas Düben

Andreas Düben (1597 – 7 July 1662) was a Swedish Baroque composer and organist, and father of Gustaf Düben. He was born near Leipzig and was admitted to Leipzig University in 1609. He studied with the renowned Dutch pedagogue Jan Pieterszoon Sweelinck from 1614 until 1620 when he secured a position as organist in the Swedish court orchestra in Stockholm. He was appointed conductor of that same group in 1640. In addition to his activities at court, he served as organist of the German Church (from 1625), and Storkyrkan (from 1649/50). His assistant at the German Church was Wilhelm Karges. His surviving works include two choral works, a number of instrumental dances, and a handful of organ works.
# Oreosaurus mcdiarmidi

Oreosaurus mcdiarmidi is a species of lizard in the family Gymnophthalmidae. It is endemic to Chimantá Massif in Venezuela. It is named for Roy W. McDiarmid, American herpetologist, "for his contribution to the knowledge of the Pantepui herpetofauna".
# Mallawi

Mallawi (Arabic: ملوي; Saidi pronunciation:, Coptic: ⲙⲁⲛⲗⲁⲩ) is a city in Egypt, located in the governorate of Minya.

## Name

The name of the city is derived from Coptic and literally means "the place of textile" (ⲙⲁⲛ – "place of", ⲗⲁⲩ – "textile").

## Geography

The total area of the city is about 3 acres (12,000 m$^2$). The southern limit is Allah Mansion (possibly a religious structure?), the northern limit is a television transmitter, the eastern border is the Nile, and the western boundary is Dirotiah Lake. The city contains many ancient Egyptian artifacts.

### Climate

Köppen-Geiger climate classification system classifies its climate as hot desert (BWh), as the rest of Egypt.
Climate data for Mallawi :
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 20.4 (68.7) | 22.3 (72.1) | 25.7 (78.3) | 30.5 (86.9) | 34.6 (94.3) | 36.7 (98.1) | 37.3 (99.1) | 37 (99) | 35.5 (95.9) | 31 (88) | 26 (79) | 21 (70) | 29.8 (85.8) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 5.8 (42.4) | 7 (45) | 9.8 (49.6) | 13.8 (56.8) | 18.1 (64.6) | 21.2 (70.2) | 22.5 (72.5) | 22.7 (72.9) | 21.1 (70.0) | 17.6 (63.7) | 11.9 (53.4) | 7.5 (45.5) | 14.9 (58.9) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) |
| Source: Storm247 ||||||||||||||

## Economy

Situated in a farm area, the city produces textiles and handicrafts.
# Frederick C. Hopkins

Frederick Charles Hopkins was an English Jesuit and Catholic bishop in British Honduras, Central America, at the turn of the 20th century.

## Missionary bishop

Frederick C. Hopkins was born 12 December 1844 in Birmingham, England. He entered the Society of Jesus in September 1868 and was ordained a priest on 23 September 1877. He arrived on the British Honduras mission in January 1888. He became Superior of the mission in 1892 and Vicar General in 1893. On the demise of Bishop Salvatore di Pietro, Hopkins was made Vicar Apostolic of British Honduras on 17 August 1899. He was consecrated bishop in St. Francis Xavier College Church in St. Louis on 5 November 1899. His cathedral parish was Holy Redeemer in Belize City. In 1910, when the Mercy motherhouse in New Orleans was no longer able to send sisters to Belize, Hopkins obtained permission from Rome and they opened an independent motherhouse in Belize. Then in 1913 Hopkins welcomed the Sisters of the Catholic Apostolate (Pallottines) to Belize, to labor first in Corozal Town and Benque Viejo.

## Writer

Before becoming bishop, Hopkins was editor of The Angelus, the Roman Catholic newspaper for British Honduras (later "Belize"), and chronicled the early history of the mission. Much of what he wrote was from his own experience, as of the need to "get out of the pitpan and pull it up the raging waters." While bishop he wrote The Catholic Church in British Honduras (1851-1918). On 9 April 1923, Hopkins died when a coastal boat that he was travelling in sank, taking his life and that of two sisters headed with him to the Corozal mission.
# Lamba (Faroe Islands)

Lamba (from Old Norse Lamb-hagi 'lamb outfield', Danish: Lamhauge), is a small village in the bottom of the inlet of Lambavík on the east coast of Eysturoy, Faroe Islands.
There are similarly named places, Lamba in Shetland and Lambay in Ireland.

## Settlement

The houses in Lamba are spread down through the valley following the road on its way from the bottom of the valley down to the small harbour.
There is a huge rock in the harbour. Nobody wants to remove it because it is said to be inhabited by ‘huldufólk’, a race of elfs or faries that people used to believe in. They are said to be fierce if disturbed.
Heri Joensen of Viking metal band Týr is from Lamba.
# Simhadeva (Thakuri dynasty)

Simhadeva, also known as Shivadeva (Nepali: सिंहदेव), was a Thakuri king of Nepal who reigned from c. 1098–1126.

## Identity

Simhadeva is often treated by historians as a figure different than Shivadeva. This is because the colophons mention both the names: Simhadeva, and Shivadeva, while the chronicles only give the name of the then monarch as Shivadeva. Some historians still disagree that both were the same person, but substantial evidences points towards the fact that both the names belonged to the same monarch.

## Reign

Simhadeva was a son of Shankaradeva, who was ousted by Vamadeva in 1083. His early reign was generally peaceful and local lords had either partially or completely given their sovereignty to the monarch. However, during the later years of his reign, the feudal lords and the Jivas of Udaypur wielded extreme power and assumed for themselves the title of mahasamanta, previously used by Amshuverma and other Licchavi kings.
Simhadeva was a religious monarch and a devoted follower of both Hinduism and Buddhism. He made donations to the Pashupatinath Temple and is also credited with the founding of Kirtipur. Simhadeva had nominated his elder son Mahendradeva as the heir apparent, but after the death of Simhadeva in 1126, Indradeva succeeded him as the king.
# Nyírtass

Nyírtass, formerly Tass (German: Tausch, Yiddish: טאָהש Tosh), is a Hungarian village in Szabolcs-Szatmár-Bereg county. The village dates back to the 13th century; the name of the river Nyír was added as a prefix in 1908.
The town has a rich Jewish history, as it had two famous rabbis living there. The Tosh Hasidic Dynasty, originating from Nyírtass, has a Jewish community in Boisbriand, Quebec, Canada named Kiryas Tosh. Named after the former name of the town, Kiryas Tosh was built by its grand rabbi Meshulim Feish Lowy, whose grandfathers were the rabbis in Nyírtass.
There is a Jewish cemetery in Nyírtass where the aforementioned rabbis are buried. There is a big presence of orthodox Jews present every year on the day they died.
In 2001, 99% of the population of the settlement declared themselves Hungarian, 1% of them declared to be of Roma nationality.

## Sights

The sights of Nyírtass include the Roman Catholic, the Greek Catholic and the Reformed Church; the mansion, the mayor's office, and the park that was handed over at the turn of the millennium.
# Kodivar

Kodivar (Persian: كديور, also Romanized as Kodīvar) is a village in Zaz-e Sharqi Rural District, Zaz va Mahru District, Aligudarz County, Lorestan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 131, in 22 families.