OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Drangiana

Drangiana or Zarangiana (Greek: Δραγγιανή, Drangianē; also attested in Old Western Iranian as 𐏀𐎼𐎣, Zraka or Zranka, was a historical region and administrative division of the Achaemenid Empire. This region comprises territory around Hamun Lake, wetlands in endorheic Sistan Basin on the Iran-Afghan border, and its primary watershed Helmand river in what is nowadays southwestern region of Afghanistan.

## History

In ancient times Drangiana was inhabited by an Iranian tribe which the ancient Greeks called Sarangians or Drangians. Drangiana was possibly subdued by another Iranian people, the Medes, and later, certainly, by the expanding Persian Achaemenid Empire of Cyrus the Great (559-530 BC). According to Herodotus, during the reign of Darius I (522-486 BC), the Drangians were placed in the same district as the Utians, Thamanaeans, Mycians, and those deported to the Persian Gulf. The capital of Drangiana, called Zarin or Zranka (like the Province), is identified with great probability with the extensive Achaemenid site of Dahan-e Gholaman southeast of Zabol in Iran. Another significant center was the city of Prophthasia, possibly located at modern Farah in Afghanistan. On occasion Drangiana was governed by the same satrap as neighboring Arachosia. In 330-329 BC, the region was conquered by Alexander the Great. Drangiana continued to constitute an administrative district under Alexander and his successors. At Alexander's death in 323 BC, it was governed by Stasanor of Soloi, and later, in 321 BC, it was allotted to another Cypriot, Stasandros. By the end of the 4th century BC, Drangiana was part of the Seleucid Empire, but in the second half of the 3rd century BC it was at least temporarily annexed by Euthydemos I of Bactria. In 206-205 BC Antiochos III (222-187 BC) seems to have recovered Drangiana for the Seleucids during his Anabasis. The history of Drangiana during the weakening of Seleucid rule is unclear, but by the mid-2nd century BC the area was conquered by the expanding Parthian Empire of the Arsacids.
# Halocynthia aurantium

Halocynthia aurantium, commonly known as the sea peach, is a species of tunicate in the order Stolidobranchia. Sea peaches are commonly found in the northern Pacific Ocean, ranging from the Arctic Sea south to Puget Sound, and most common in the Bering Sea at a depth of 40 to 100 metres. The sea peach is typically barrel shaped, growing to a height of 18 centimetres, and its body is attached directly to the substrate. It is usually red or orange with a smooth or wrinkled tunic. There are two siphons at the top. The sea peach is preyed upon by crabs and sea stars.
# 24th Airborne Division (France)

The 24th Airborne Division, (French: 24$^e$ Division Aéroportée, (24$^e$ D.A.P.)) was a unit of the French Army, infantry dominated, specialized in airborne combats and air assaults. Constituted in July 1945, the Division existed ephemerally and during the dissolution in October of the same year, a significant amount of the Division's constitution would be seen transferred to the 25th Airborne Division in lieu recently of being constituted.
The division was created on July 16, 1945 and dissolved on October 15, 1945.

## History, garrisons, campaigns and battles

This Division, first of a kind in France, was constituted on July 16, 1945 based on the U.S. model. The forming infantry components of the Division were based on the active paratrooper units present in the Air Force, the 1st Parachute Chasseur Regiment (1$^e$ R.C.P.), the 2nd Parachute Chasseur Regiment (2e RCP), the 3rd Parachute Chasseur Regiment 3$^e$ R.C.P, the 4$^e$ R.I.A S.A.S and the 1st Choc Airborne Infantry Regiment 1$^{er}$ R.I.C.A.P, constituting the Choc Battalions B.C of the 1st Army with other forming infantry contingents from other active Divisions.
With numbers of effectives undergoing reduction, the 3rd Parachute Chasseur Regiment (3$^e$ R.C.P.) and the 4$^e$ R.I.A were dissolved. During this period, elements of the French Air Force were transferred to the French Army on August 1, 1945.
The 24th Airborne Division was dissolved. Elements remaining of the 1st Parachute Chasseur Regiment, 1$^e$ R.C.P, the 2nd Parachute Chasseur Regiment 2$^e$ R.C.P, the 1st Choc Airborne Infantry Regiment 1$^{er}$ R.I.C.A.P and other forming components were transferred to the 25th Motoryzed Infantry Division 25$^e$ D.I.M, which would become the 25th Airborne Division 25$^e$ D.A.P in February 1946. Accordingly, général Bonjour assumed command of the newly formed 25th Airborne Division.

## Division Commander

* 1945 - 1945 : général Auguste-Leon Bonjour
# Mahendra Ratwatte

Mahendra Ratwatte was a Sri Lankan politician and former Mayor of Kandy, from 2011 to 2015. He is the current Basnayake Nilame of Sri Maha Vishnu Devalaya of Kandy & Dedi Munda Devalaya of Aluthnuwara.

## Early life

He is the second son of General Anuruddha Ratwatte & Carman Rangala Ratwatte, Mahendra Ratwatte's father was ex acting Diyawadana Nilame and former Cabinet Minister. His grandfather Harris Leuke Ratwatte who was former Diyawadana Nilame of Sri Dalada Maligawa, Kandy.

## Politics

Ratwatte entered active politics from Sri Lanka Freedom Party in 2011 and was elected to the Kandy Municipal Council. He served as the Mayor of Kandy, from 2011 to 2015.
He is the younger brother of parliamentarian and Sri Lankan minister Lohan Ratwatte.
# Hua Hum Pass

Hua Hum Pass (Spanish: Paso Hua Hum) is an international mountain pass in the Andes between Chile and Argentina. The pass takes its name from the Hua Hum River that flows from Argentina into Chile at the site of the border crossing. Even though the pass does not go through the continental divide, it crosses the highest peaks of the cordillera.

## Geography

The Hua Hum Pass is one of the lowest passes of the southern Andes at 685 meters above sea level, which means that unlike other nearby Chile-Argentina passes it never closes due to snow fall and is open year-round. The pass is used primarily for tourism as the Chilean 203-CH road is interrupted by Pirihueico Lake. A ferry equipped to transport vehicles as well as people may be taken to Puerto Fuy, on the other side of Pirihueico Lake. The ferry ride lasts approximately 2 hours.
It is the main pass of the Chilean Los Ríos Region to Neuquén Province in Argentina. The main cities on both sides of the pass are Panguipulli in Chile and San Martín de los Andes (45 km from the pass in Argentina).
# Cape Bridgman

Cape Bridgman (Danish: Kap Bridgman) is a headland in the Wandel Sea, Arctic Ocean, northeast Greenland.
The cape was named by Robert Peary after Herbert L. Bridgman, one of the members of the Peary Arctic Club in New York.
The northernmost human remains of the Independence I culture, and thus the world, was described at Cape Bridgman by Peter Dawes in a letter to Eigil Knuth; they comprise three sites of tent rings and flagstones, although it is likely that this was a short-term expedition with permanent settlement at Frigg Fjord slightly to the south.

## Geography

Cape Bridgman is located on the northern side of the mouth of Frederick E. Hyde Fjord, Peary Land. Cape John Flagler is the headland on the southern side of the fjord entrance. Administratively it is part of the Northeast Greenland National Park.
In 1900 this headland was Robert Peary's easternmost accurate geographic exploration in the north of Greenland, for further south he encountered fog. In 1907 it became an important landmark for the Denmark expedition which mapped for the first time the unknown area to the south and southeast of the cape, as well as part of the Daly Range, rising to the west above the plain.
* 1911 map of NE Greenland by J. P. Koch showing at the top his northernmost explorations.
# Dniester Canyon National Nature Park

Dniester Canyon National Nature Park (Ukrainian: Національний природний парк «Дністровський каньйон») follows Dniester Canyon, the largest canyon in Ukraine, along the middle course of the Dniester River. It protects a relatively undeveloped portion of the Ukrainian forest-steppe landscape, about 75 km east of the Carpathian Mountains in western Ukraine, and about 400 km southwest of Kyiv. The canyon is known for its varied geological formations, including two of the longest caves in the world. It is in the administrative district of Chortkiv Raion in Ternopil Oblast.

## Topography

The park's boundaries follow the Dniester River for 100 km as it flows from northwest to southeast in western Ukraine. For much of this length, the park is only about 5 – 10 km wide, centered on the river. There are over 50 significant caves in the park, cut in the Travertine rock. These include the Ozerna (105 km) and Optymistychna (230 km) caves. The largest waterfall in Ukraine – Dzhurynskyi – is in the park. As with most National Nature Parks in Ukraine, the main park includes many smaller nature reserves, local park sites, historical monuments and natural attractions open to public visits.

## Climate and ecoregion

The official climate designation for the Dniester Canyon area is 'Humid continental climate – warm summer sub-type' (Köppen climate classification Dfb), with large seasonal temperature differentials and a warm summer (at least four months averaging over 10 °C (50 °F), but no month averaging over 22 °C (72 °F). The park is in the southern edge of the Central European mixed forests ecoregion.

## Public use

The park is sectioned into four zones: a reserved zone, a regulated recreation zone, a stationary recreation zone and a business zone. There are a number of tourist trails and much of the territory is near developed areas for services.
# Essouassi

Essouassi or Souassi (Arabic: السواسي) is a town and commune in the Mahdia Governorate, Tunisia. As of 2004 it had a population of 4,633.
# Joint Aviation Requirements

The Joint Aviation Requirements (JAR) were a set of common comprehensive and detailed aviation requirement issued by the Joint Aviation Authorities, intended to minimise Type Certification problems on joint ventures, and also to facilitate the export and import of aviation products.
They were recognised by the civil aviation authorities of participating countries as an acceptable basis for showing compliance with their national airworthiness codes.
The European Aviation Safety Agency (EASA) was created in 2003 and reached full functionality in 2008, and has since taken over most of the JAA functions. JAA Certification Specifications, formerly known as JARs, are recognised by EASA as an acceptable basis for showing compliance with their national airworthiness codes.
# Herdmania

Herdmania is a genus of ascidian tunicates in the family Pyuridae.

## Species

Species within the genus Herdmania include:
* Herdmania armata Monniot & Monniot, 2001
* Herdmania colona Monniot & Monniot, 2003
* Herdmania coutieri Monniot, 2002
* Herdmania fimbriae Kott, 2002
* Herdmania grandis (Heller, 1878)
* Herdmania inflata (Van Name, 1918)
* Herdmania insolita Monniot & Monniot, 2001
* Herdmania japonica (Hartmeyer, 1909)
* Herdmania kiiensis Nishikawa, 2002
* Herdmania mauritiana (Drasche, 1884)
* Herdmania mentula Kott, 2002
* Herdmania mirabilis (Drasche, 1884)
* Herdmania momus (Savigny, 1816)
* Herdmania pallida (Heller, 1878)
* Herdmania pennata (Monniot & Monniot, 1991)
* Herdmania polyducta (Monniot & Monniot, 1989)
* Herdmania subpallida Nishikawa, 2002
Species names currently considered to be synonyms:
* Herdmania bostrichobranchus Metcalf, 1900: synonym of Bostrichobranchus pilularis (Verrill, 1871)
* Herdmania claviformis Ritter, 1903: synonym of Euherdmania claviformis (Ritter, 1903)
* Herdmania contorta Monniot, 1992: synonym of Herdmania momus (Savigny, 1816)
* Herdmania curvata Kott, 1952: synonym of Herdmania momus (Savigny, 1816)
* Herdmania vasculosa (Herdman, 1888): synonym of Ascidia bathybia Hartmeyer, 1922

## Habitat

Herdmania is a sedentary filter feeding tunicate found in marine habitats. The animal often occurs in gregorious form.

## Characters

The body flat purse like structure with length of 6-13 cms. Breadth is 4-7 cms. Colour is brownish. The animal is pretty buried in sand by means of foot. The body proper has two projections-atrial and branchial siphons. Branchial siphon has a branchial or incurrent aperture or mouth. The atrial siphon has atrial or excurrent aperture or cloaca. Each aperture is surrounded by four lobes or lips. The whole body is covered by thick leathery and translucent Tunic or test. The same is wrinkled. It is formed of cellulose like organic substances known as tunicin.
Herdmania is filter or ciliary feeder. Digestive tract is complete. Liver and pyloric glands are present. Respiration is with the help of branchial sac. Water enters the body from the region of mouth or branchial aperture, passes through the pharynx where food is picked up. It comes out through atrial aperture. The current is maintained by cilia lining the gill slits. Water current also helps in gaseous exchange.

## Reproduction

When disturbed, Herdmania emits a jet of water through both of its apertures. The animal is hermaphrodite. Cross fertilisation occurs which is external. Larval stage or tadpole undergoes retrogressive metamorphosis to become an adult.
# Universal of National Unity

The Universal of National Unity, also known as the Declaration of National Unity, (Ukrainian: Універсал Національної Єдності, translit.: Universal Natsional'noi Yednosti) is a declaration that was signed on August 3, 2006 by the President of Ukraine Viktor Yuschenko and leaders of the Ukrainian political parties represented in the parliament. It marked the resolution of the 2006 Parliamentary crisis in Ukraine. The process of negotiating and signing of the Universal caused a major public discussion of Ukraine's domestic and foreign policy.
# Kai-n-Tiku-Aba

In Kiribati, mythology, a sacred tree was known as the "Tree of Many Branches." It grew from the spine of Na Atibu (the father of the gods), after he died. The spine was buried in Samoa, and the tree Kai-n-tiku-aba grew. This tree was significant to the people as they believed they descended from it.
Unfortunately, a man named Koura-Abi intentionally chopped down the tree, causing significant disruption and violence among the people. They scattered and were left sorrowful. The tree was also believed to have marked the northern and southern solstices, with its right side being the north solstice (the au-meang) and its left side being the southern solstice (the au-maiaki).

## Origins

This myth is from Kiribati, to explain why the I-Kiribati migrated to Kiribati from Samoa.
# Genusaurus

Genusaurus (/ˌdʒɛnjʊˈsɔːrəs/ JEN-yuu-SOR-əs; meaning "knee lizard") is a genus of abelisaurid theropod from the Early Cretaceous. Its fossils were found in France. Genusaurus is believed to have lived during the Albian stage, around 112-100 million years ago.

## Description

Genusaurus possesses several distinguishing traits. The dorsal vertebrae are elongated. The elements of the pelvis are strongly fused. The thighbone shows a low bone plateau below the major trochanter; to the front an accessory trochanter is present. The epicondyle of the inner femoral condyle is well-developed. The cnemial crest strongly extends to the front and is curved upwards. The fibula has a distinctive boss serving as an attachment for the Musculus iliofibularis. The upper inner side of the fibula is strongly hollowed out.

### Size

Genusaurus was originally estimated to have been 3.16 metres (10.4 ft) long. From the 38 centimetres (15 in) thighbone, a weight of 129.6 kilograms (286 lb) was extrapolated. Later estimates, while confirming the length of 3 metres (9.8 ft), have reduced the weight to 50 kilograms (110 lb), or even 35 kilograms (77 lb). In 2016, its length was estimated at 3.6 metres (12 ft), making it the smallest abelisaurid.

## Discovery and naming

The type species, Genusaurus sisteronis, is the only named species. It is based on a partial skeleton found in 1984-1986 in the Albian Bevons Beds, holotype MNHN Bev.1. The holotype contains seven partial dorsal vertebrae, a piece of a sacral, a piece of an ilium, the top of a pubic bone, a thighbone, the top of a shinbone, the top of a fibula and a metatarsal. It was named and described by Hugues Accarie, Bernard Beaudoin, Jean Dejax, Gérard Friès, Jean-Guy Michard and Philippe Taquet in 1995. The genus name is derived from the Latin word genu (knee) and refers to the cnemial crest in front of the proximal end of the tibia. The specific name refers to Sisteron, the town near which the specimen was found.

## Classification

Accarie et al. assigned Genusaurus to the ceratosaur group of theropods, more precisely to the Coelophysoidea. A 2008 cladistic analysis by Carrano and Sampson placed Genusaurus in the Noasauridae along with Laevisuchus, Masiakasaurus, Noasaurus, and Velocisaurus; in turn, noasaurids are part of the Abelisauroidea group, which is part of the ceratosaur group. Subsequent phylogenetic analyses found Genusaurus to be either a member of the Noasauridae or Abelisauridae.
# Notre-Dame-de-Lorette, Quebec

Notre-Dame-de-Lorette (French pronunciation:) is a municipality in the Canadian province of Quebec, located within the regional county municipality of Maria-Chapdelaine. With a population of 159 in the Canada 2021 Census, it is the least populated and northernmost municipality in the Saguenay–Lac-Saint-Jean region.

## Demographics

Population trend:
* Population in 2021: 159 (2016 to 2021 population change: -15.9%)
* Population in 2016: 189
* Population in 2011: 189
* Population in 2006: 175
* Population in 2001: 216
* Population in 1996: 234
* Population in 1991: 258
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents: 92 (total dwellings: 116)
Mother tongue:
* English as first language: 0%
* French as first language: 96.9%
* English and French as first language: 0%
* Other as first language: 0%
# Eisingen

Eisingen is a municipality in the district of Enz in Baden-Württemberg in Germany. It is situated on the Bertha Benz Memorial Route and contains no other villages.

## History

Eisingen became a possession of the Margraviate of Baden in late 1495. It was governed by the district of Pforzheim until 1803, when it was reassigned to the district of Stein. Stein's district was dissolved on 25 May 1821 and Eisingen returned to Pforzheim's jurisdiction. On 25 June 1939 the district was reorganized as the Landkreis Pforzheim [de].
On 1 March 1985, the Eisinger Gäulandschaft [de] Federally-protected nature preserve was created and is mostly located inside Eisingen.

## Geography

The municipality (Gemeinde) of Eisingen covers 8.04 square kilometers (3.10 sq mi) of the Enz district of the state of Baden-Württemberg and the Federal Republic of Germany. It is physically located on the Pfinzhügelland [de], on the southern reaches of the Kraichgau. The primary watercourse in Eisingen is the Gennenbach, a tributary of the Kämpfelbach. The lowest elevation above sea level in the municipal area is 207 meters (679 ft) Normalnull (NN) at the Untere Herrschaftswiesen. The highest elevation is the top of the Heidenkeller, at 360 meters (1,180 ft) NN.

## Politics

In the Baden-Württemberg local elections of 2014 [de], Eisingen had a voter turnout of 47.2% (compared to 50.6% in 2009) that bought the Eisingen Free Voter's Association eight seats with 55.15% of the vote and the CDU six seats with the remainder. The mayor, Roland Bauer since December 2013, is entitled to a vote on the municipal council.

### Coat of arms

Eisingen's municipal coat of arms depicts a plowshare in gold above a silver-bladed billhook on a field of red. The plowshare and the billhook reference town's history of viticulture, and were used on local boundary stones. The first municipal coat of arms was granted by the Margraves of Baden in 1497 and featured a plowshare and a billhook. The present pattern was adopted in 1902 with the tincture of the Grand Duchy of Baden on the suggestion of the Karlsruhe State Archive [de].
# Kieselbronn

Kieselbronn is a municipality in the Enz district, in Baden-Württemberg.

## History

Kieselbronn was sold in 1368 to Maulbronn Monastery, which itself became a possession of the Duchy of Württemberg in 1504. The town was assigned to Oberamt Maulbronn [de] in 1806, following German mediatization, but was ceded to the Grand Duchy of Baden in 1810 in the Baden-Württemberg Border Treaty of 1810 [de]. Kieselbronn was assigned to the Pforzheim district in 1819 and remained as such when Baden was reorganized in 1864 and on 25 June 1939. On 1 January 1973, was assigned to Enz district.

## Geography

The municipality (Gemeinde) of Kieselbronn is located in the Enz district, within the state of Baden-Württemberg and Federal Republic of Germany. The municipal area covers 8.63 square kilometers (3.33 sq mi). It is situated in the Kraichgau region, whose geology is made up largely of muschelkalk partially overlaid with loess, and sits above the Lettenkeuper Formation. The primary source of water in the municipal area is the Schlupfgraben, a tributary of the Enz that flows through the municipality from north to east. The center of the town of Kieselbronn is the highest point in the municipality at 369 meters (1,211 ft). The lowest elevation is 261 meters (856 ft) at the border with the municipality of Mühlacker.

## Coat of arms

Kieselbronn's coat of arms depicts a golden duck's foot upon a field of red. The duck foot is a municipal motif that dates back to 1704 and began appearing on local boundary stones and seals at the end of the 18th century. The Baden State Archives gave the coat of arms its red and gold coloring in 1907 to match the coat of arms for the Grand Duchy of Baden.

## Citations

* ↑ "Bevölkerung nach Nationalität und Geschlecht am 31. Dezember 2022" [Population by nationality and sex as of December 31, 2022] (CSV) (in German). Statistisches Landesamt Baden-Württemberg. June 2023.
* 1 2 3 "Kieselbronn". LEO-BW (in German). Baden-Württemberg. Retrieved 3 May 2020.
# Serhiy Timokhov

Serhiy Timokhov (Ukrainian: Сергій Тімохов; born 9 May 1972) is a Ukrainian Olympics sailor that participated in the 2000 Summer Olympics.