OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Tao (surname)

Tao is the pinyin romanization of the Chinese surname 陶 (Táo). It listed 31st in the Song-era Hundred Family Surnames poem.
Tao (陶) is not to be confused with the Vietnamese surname Tào, derived from the Chinese surname Cao (chữ Hán: 曹) or the Japanese surname Tao (田尾), notably the surname of ski jumper Katsushi Tao (田尾 克史, born 1963) and baseball player Yasushi Tao (田尾 安志, born 1954).

## Origin

Various Tao origins:
* Qi (surname) (祁)
* Public Officer of Zhou Dynasty
* Miao people
* Tujia people, Blang people, Yao people, Yi people, Dai people of Minority Group
* Mongolian
* Tuoheluo, Tuqin, Tuokuer family of Liaoning
* Xibe people

## Romanization

* Wade-Giles: T'ao, Tao (apostrophe is commonly omitted)
* Cantonese: To, Tou and Tow
* Minnan: Tô
* Teochew: Tau, Tow
* Gan: Tháu

### Other languages

* Vietnamese: Đào (chữ Hán: 陶)
* Korean: Do (Korean: 도; Hanja: 陶)
* Japanese: Tō (陶)

## Distribution

Tao was the 82nd-most-common surname in mainland China, but it was unlisted among the 100 most common Taiwanese surnames.
Tao is a fairly uncommon surname in the United States, being ranked 12,503rd during the 1990 census and 10,033rd during the year 2000 one. Families of Tao ancestry distributed towards the European lands from previous wealthy families gaining reputations within European aristocracy particularly within the British and the Dutch. Few former aristocratic families of Tao ancestry now live quiet lives throughout Europe as well as many returning to Hong Kong, China or the America's within the late 20th century.

## History

Some Zhejiangese Tao who joined the White Banner upon the advent of the Qing dynasty Manchufied their name to Tohoro (simplified Chinese: 托活络; traditional Chinese: 託濶羅; pinyin: tuōhuóluò). Notable descendants along this line include Duanfang. The Mandarin form of the surname 陶 meaning ‘ceramics’ in Chinese: (i) from the placename Tao (陶) said to be the original residence of the legendary Emperor Yao (c. 24th century BC). (ii) from Tao Zheng (陶正) ‘ceramics officer’ post name of an official in charge of the making of ceramics during the Western Zhou dynasty (1046–771 BC). (iii) borne by the descendants of the Shang dynasty (1600–1046 BC). The Tao family was one of the seven clans of the Shang dynasty that were sent to the state of Wey after the annihilation of the Shang dynasty.

## People with the surname
### Dao

* Erica Dao, radiation scientist

### Tao

* David Tao or Tao Zhe, singer
* Tao Kan, Jin Dynasty general and governor
* Tao Luna, sports shooter
* Matilda Tao, Taiwanese actress and singer
* Meixia Tao, Chinese electrical engineer
* Michael Tao, television actor
* Tao Qian, warlord during the late Han Dynasty
* Tao Yuanming, scholar and poet of the Jin dynasty
* Tao Siju, politician
* Terence Tao, Australian mathematician and 2006 Fields Medalist
* Tao Zhu, politician
* Tao Hongkai, Chinese-American scholar, activist.
* Zhong Tao (born 2001), Chinese high jumper

### Tohoro

* Duanfang, a Qing-era politician
# Caterinovca

Caterinovca (Moldovan Cyrillic and Russian: Катериновка, romanized: Katerinovka, Ukrainian: Катеринівка, romanized: Katerynivka) is a commune in the Camenca District of Transnistria, Moldova. It is composed of two villages, Caterinovca and Sadchi (Садки). It has been administered as a part of the breakaway Transnistrian Moldovan Republic since 1990.
According to the 2004 census, the village's population was 1,609, of which 76 (4.72%) were Moldovans (Romanians), 1,454 (90.36%) Ukrainians and 59 (3.66%) Russians.
# Sphericity (graph theory)

In graph theory, the sphericity of a graph is a graph invariant defined to be the smallest dimension of Euclidean space required to realize the graph as an intersection graph of unit spheres. The sphericity of a graph is a generalization of the boxicity and cubicity invariants defined by F.S. Roberts in the late 1960s. The concept of sphericity was first introduced by Hiroshi Maehara in the early 1980s.

## Definition

Let $G$ be a graph. Then the sphericity of $G$, denoted by $\operatorname {sph} (G)$, is the smallest integer $n$ such that $G$ can be realized as an intersection graph of unit spheres in $n$-dimensional Euclidean space $\mathbb {R} ^{n}$.
Sphericity can also be defined using the language of space graphs as follows. For a finite set of points in some $n$-dimensional Euclidean space, a space graph is built by connecting pairs of points with a line segment when their Euclidean distance is less than some specified constant. Then the sphericity of a graph $G$ is the minimum $n$ such that $G$ is isomorphic to a space graph in $\mathbb {R} ^{n}$.
Graphs of sphericity 1 are known as interval graphs or indifference graphs. Graphs of sphericity 2 are known as unit disk graphs.

## Bounds

The sphericity of certain graph classes can be computed exactly. The following sphericities were given by Maehara on page 56 of his original paper on the topic.
| Graph | Description | Sphericity | Notes |
| $K_{1}$ | Complete graph | 0 | |
| $K_{n}$ | Complete graph | 1 | $n>1$ |
| $P_{n}$ | Path graph | 1 | $n>1$ |
| $C_{n}$ | Circuit graph | 2 | $n>3$ |
| $K_{m(2)}$ | Complete m-partite graph on m sets of size 2 | 2 | $m>1$ |
The most general known upper bound on sphericity is as follows. Assuming the graph is not complete, then $\operatorname {sph} (G)\leq |G|-\omega (G)$ where $\omega (G)$ is the clique number of $G$ and $|G|$ denotes the number of vertices of $G.$
# Swak na Swak

Swak na Swak (lit. 'that fits'), formerly known as Kabuhayang Swak na Swak (perfectly fit business), is a Philippine television informative show broadcast by ABS-CBN and Kapamilya Channel. Originally hosted by Amy Perez and Chase Tinio. It aired on ABS-CBN from August 21, 2006 to May 3, 2020, replacing Kumikitang Kabuyahan. The show moved to ANC from June 7, 2020 to April 25, 2021 and Kapamilya Channel from October 3, 2020 to September 26, 2021. The program features ways, means and techniques of how to start, set up and maintain a certain business. Bobby Yan, Dimples Romana, Ahmir Sinsuat, Shahniza Sinsuat-Hermoso and Ethan Salvador served as the final hosts.

## Hosts
### Final hosts

* Bobby Yan (2011–21)
* Ahmir Sinsuat (2017–21)
* Shah Sinsuat-Hermoso (2017–21)
* Ethan Salvador (2017–21)

### Former hosts

* Dimples Romana (2011–20)
* Aly Sevilla (2017)
* Carlos Agassi (2013–14)
* Amy Perez (2006–10)
* Chase Tinio (2006–07)
* Christine Bersola-Babao (2010–11)
* Donita Rose (2006–10)
* Eileen Shi (2018)
* Franzen Fajardo (2006–11)
* Gilbert Remulla (2007–11)
* Katherine de Castro (2006–11)
* Jayson Gainza (2006–11)
* Louie Ngo (2017)
* Roxanne Barcelo (2010–16)
* Shawn Kyle (2017)
* Markus Paterson (2017)
* Maxine Medina (2019)
* Uma Khouny (2006–07)
* Cherie Mercado (2008)
* Karylle (2010)
# Jean-Pierre Florens

Jean-Pierre Florens (born 6 July 1947) is an influential French econometrician at Toulouse School of Economics. He is known for his research on Bayesian inference, econometrics of stochastic processes, causality, frontier estimation, and inverse problems.

## Biography

Jean Pierre Florens was born in Marseille in 1947, France. He completed his undergraduate studies in economics, political science, and mathematics at the Aix-Marseille University. He pursued graduate studies in mathematics at the University of Rouen. Florens is a fellow of the Econometric Society. He advised more than 50 Ph.D. students including many influential scholars. Alongside his career, Jean Pierre Florens had two children, Vincent and Clémentine with his wife Nicole Florens. He now has four amazing grandchildren named Sacha Florens, Mélissa Florens, Antoine Gallès and Marilou Gallès.
# FORJA Concertation Party

The FORJA Concertation Party (Spanish: Partido de la Concertación FORJA) is a political party in Argentina. It was founded in 2008 as a split from the Radical Civic Union. The party now forms part of the Unión por la Patria, the former ruling coalition which supported then- President Alberto Fernández, formed in 2023 to support Sergio Massa's presidential candidacy. At the time of its foundation and until the alliance's dissolution, the party was a member of the Front for Victory.
The party has minor representation in the Argentine Chamber of Deputies: Mabel Caparrós, national deputy from Tierra del Fuego, was elected in 2019. In 2019, FORJA also gained its first-ever provincial governor: Gustavo Melella, also of Tierra del Fuego.

## History

The party takes its name from the historical organization FORJA (Spanish: Fuerza de Orientación Radical de la Joven Argentina; lit. "Young Argentina Radical Orientation Force"), which existed from 1935 to 1945. Like the historical Forja, the Concertation Party is of Radical origins but is ideologically and politically closer to Peronism.

## Electoral performance
### President

| Election year | Candidate | Candidate | Coalition | 1st round | 1st round | 2nd round | 2nd round | Result |
| Election year | Candidate | Candidate | Coalition | # of overall votes | % of overall vote | # of overall votes | % of overall vote | Result |
| 2011 | Cristina Kirchner | | Front for Victory | 11,865,055 | 54.11 (1st) | — | — | Y Elected |
| 2015 | Daniel Scioli | | Front for Victory | 9,338,449 | 37.08 (1st) | 12,198,441 | 48.60 (2nd) | N 2-R Defeated |
| 2019 | Alberto Fernández | | Frente de Todos | 12,473,709 | 48.10 (1st) | — | — | Y Elected |
# Brenner, Kansas

Brenner is an unincorporated community in Wayne Township, Doniphan County, Kansas, United States.

## History

Brenner was established in 1872 when the Atchison & Nebraska Railroad was extended to that point.
The first post office at Brenner opened in 1871, closed temporarily in April, 1912, reopened in June, 1912, and reclosed permanently in 1917.
# Black and Blue Festival

The Black & Blue Festival was an event that took place in Montreal, Canada, aimed at raising money for HIV/AIDS charities and supporting the LGBTQ+ community in Montreal. Organized by the Bad Boy Club Montréal, the festival featured electronic DJs, dance performances, street art, and circus acts. The festival was last held from October 6-10, 2022. In 2023, organizers announced that the event would not be held for logistical and financial reasons, and as of October 2024, there have been no further updates regarding the festival's future or whether a 2024 edition will take place.

## History

The Black & Blue Festival began in 1991 in Montreal, Quebec, Canada, initially conceived as a fundraiser for AIDS Community Care Montreal. The first year attracted 800 attendees and raised $3,500. Over the years, it grew into a significant cultural event, becoming one of the largest of its kind in the city and a major fixture in Montreal's LGBTQ+ community.
From its modest beginnings, the festival expanded rapidly, drawing larger crowds and increasing its charitable contributions. By 2010, the festival had reached its peak, with an impressive attendance of 70,000 people. Over the course of its history, the event raised approximately $1.4 million, which was distributed to various AIDS support organizations and LGBTQ+ community groups in Montreal. The festival's contributions have played a crucial role in supporting the city's LGBTQ+ community and advancing AIDS awareness and support efforts.
The festival also became known for its vibrant atmosphere, featuring a mix of music, art, and cultural activities that celebrated diversity and inclusion. It provided a platform for local and international artists and performers, contributing to Montreal's reputation as a hub for cultural expression and LGBTQ+ rights.

### Challenges and Cancellation

Despite its success, the festival faced challenges in recent years. On August 1, 2023, the Bad Boy Club Montréal Foundation announced the cancellation of the 2023 festival. The announcement was a significant blow to the community, as the festival had become a beloved tradition in Montreal. Speculated reasons for the cancellation included financial difficulties, logistical challenges, and changes in social dynamics. The last event, named Black & Blue 360°, was held at La TOHU, Montréal’s Circus Arts City.
In 2023, the BBCM Foundation also canceled its associated event, the Carnival of Colors, due to financial difficulties exacerbated by funding cuts following the COVID-19 crisis.
As of October 1, 2024, there have been no new updates regarding the future of the festival. The community continues to await further information on whether the event will be revived in the coming years or if it will remain part of Montreal's history.

### Legacy

The Black & Blue Festival leaves behind a legacy of philanthropy, cultural celebration, and community solidarity. Its impact continues to be felt in the organizations it supported and the lives it touched, serving as a testament to the power of community-driven events in fostering inclusivity, raising awareness, and supporting vital causes.
# Epithelial basement membrane dystrophy

Epithelial basement membrane dystrophy (EBMD) is a disorder of the eye that can cause pain and dryness. EBMD, also known as map-dot-fingerprint dystrophy and Cogan microcystic epithelial dystrophy, is a corneal epithelial disease that may result in recurrent corneal erosions, irregular corneal astigmatism, and decreased vision.
It is sometimes included in the group of corneal dystrophies. It diverges from the formal definition of corneal dystrophy since it is non-familial in most cases. It also has a fluctuating course, while for a typical corneal dystrophy the course is progressive. When it is considered part of this group, it is the most common type of corneal dystrophy.

## Signs and symptoms

Patients may complain of severe problems with dry eyes, or with visual obscurations. It can also be asymptomatic, and only discovered because of subtle lines and marks seen during an eye exam.
EBMD is a bilateral anterior corneal dystrophy characterized by grayish epithelial fingerprint lines, geographic map-like lines, and dots (or microcysts) on slit-lamp examination. Findings are variable and can change with time. While the disorder is usually asymptomatic, up to 10% of patients may have recurrent corneal erosions, usually beginning after age 30; conversely, 50% of patients presenting with idiopathic recurrent erosions have evidence of this dystrophy.

## Pathophysiology

According to research published in 2006, in some families autosomal dominant inheritance and point mutations in the transforming growth factor, beta-induced (TGFBI) gene encoding keratoepithelin have been identified, but according to the International Committee for Classification of Corneal Diseases (IC3D) the available data still does not merit a confident inclusion of EBMD in the group of corneal dystrophies. In view of this, the more accurate designation of the disease is possibly not dystrophy but corneal degeneration.
The main pathological feature of the disease is thickened, multilaminar and disfigured basement membrane of corneal epithelium. The change in the structure affects the epithelium, some cells of which may become entrapped in the rugged membrane and fail to migrate to the surface where they should undergo desquamation.
For patients with granular corneal dystrophy type 2 (GCD2) who have the TGFBI p.(R124H) mutation, complications have been observed following LASIK surgery.

## Treatment

Phototherapeutic keratectomy (PTK) done by an ophthalmologist can restore and preserve useful visual function for a significant period of time in patients with anterior corneal dystrophies including EBMD.
# Roman Catholic Diocese of Sainte-Anne-de-la-Pocatière

The Roman Catholic Diocese of Sainte-Anne-de-la-Pocatière (Latin: Dioecesis Sanctae Annae Pocatierensis) (erected 23 June 1951) is a suffragan of the Archdiocese of Quebec.

## Bishops
### Ordinaries

* Bruno Desrochers (1951–1968)
* Charles Henri Lévesque (1968–1984)
* André Gaumond (1985–1995), appointed Coadjutor Archbishop of Sherbrooke, Québec
* Clément Fecteau (1996–2008)
* Yvon-Joseph Moreau (2008–2017)
* Pierre Goudreault (2017–present)

### Auxiliary bishops

* Louis Joseph Jean Marie Fortier (1960–1965), appointed Bishop of Gaspé, Québec
* Charles Henri Lévesque (1965–1968), appointed Bishop of this diocese

### Other priest of this diocese who became bishop

* Dorylas Moreau, appointed Bishop of Rouyn-Noranda, Québec in 2001
# Arganzuela

Arganzuela is one of the 21 districts of the city of Madrid, Spain.

## Geography
### Position

Arganzuela is located in central-southern Madrid, separated from Latina, Carabanchel and Usera by the river Manzanares. The other bordering districts are Centro, Retiro and Puente de Vallecas.

### Subdivision

The district is administratively divided into 7 wards (Barrios):
* Atocha
* Imperial
* La Chopera
* Las Acacias
* Las Delicias
* Legazpi
* Palos de Moguer

## Sightseeing

Matadero Madrid, in Arganzuela, is a former slaughterhouse that is currently a free entrance area and cultural centre where many activities take place in daytime.
# Mushrif Mall

Mushrif Mall is a three-level shopping mall that is located in the city of Abu Dhabi, on Rashid bin Saeed and Al Dhafra Streets. The mall houses Lulu Hypermarket, fish, meat, fruit and vegetables market, retail outlets, restaurants, cafeterias, coffee shops, entertainment and fun areas.
The mall is owned by LuLu Group International and was opened in 2011.

## History

The 180,000 square metres mall was constructed at the cost of UAE Dirham 1.2 billion (US$ 326.7 million) and was officially inaugurated in 2011. The supermarkets in the mall house a huge fresh produce market measuring 25,000 square metres, with stalls for fish, meat, fruit and vegetables.
In November 2022, Abu Dhabi health Services Company, SEHA announced the opening of a new disease prevention and visa screening centre at Mushrif Mall. The center is intended to provide easy access to medical residency procedures, including fast track and regular visa medical screening services.
# Brit Olam

Brit Olam (Hebrew: ברית עולם, lit. 'World Alliance' or 'Eternal Covenant') is a political party in Israel.

## Background and ideology

Brit Olam is a joint Jewish–Arab party founded by Ofer Lifschitz in 2005. It stands for the foundation of a Palestinian state, separation of religion and state, raising the minimum wage, and improving the education system. It also aims to improve relations between Jews and Arabs in Israel, and emphasizes the need for social justice and cohesion.
The party ran for the 2006 elections, with Lifschitz heading its list. However, they won only 2,011 votes (0.06%), failing to cross the 2% electoral threshold. For the 2009 elections, the party was headed by Kinneret Golan Hoz; it won 678 votes (0.02%) and again failed to pass the threshold. On its third attempt in the 2013 elections, the list was again headed by Lifschitz and got 761 votes (0.02%).
In the 2015 election, Brit Olam was used as a "Shelf Party" by a pro-direct democracy list named the "National Team (Temporary)".
In the April 2019 election, the Brit Olam list had Lifschitz as a lone candidate. The list won 216 votes, the fewest votes any party list has received to date in Israeli Knesset elections.
# Tysilio

Saint Tysilio (also known as/confused with Saint Suliac; Latin: Tysilius, Suliacus; died 640 AD) was a Welsh bishop, prince and scholar.

## Sources

The 12th century poet Cynddelw Brydydd Mawr wrote "An Ode to Tysilio". There is a genealogy of Tysilio in the Bonedd y Saint, and he is mentioned in the 14th century vita of Saint Beuno.
Although there is no extent vita of Tysilio, apparently in the 15th century some Breton clerics used details from the life of Tysilio to construct a legenda for their own Saint Suliac. Thus, they indirectly preserved some information regarding Tysilio (and also caused some confusion between the two).
"Suliau" has been used an alternate variation for Tysilio and has sometimes led to his being confused with the Cornish saint Sulien.

## Life

Tyslio was the second son of the reigning King of Powys, Brochwel Ysgithrog, and the maternal nephew of the great Abbot Dunod of Bangor Iscoed. He took part in the affairs of Wales during the distressful period at the opening of the 7th century.
Tysilio probably started his career in Trallwng Llywelyn (Welshpool) and afterwards took up residence in Meifod where he studied under Gwyddfarch.
Around 630, Tysilio moved to an island in the Menai Strait, (now called Ynys Tysilio, where he established a hermitage, and preached throughout Ynys Môn for the next seven years. He then returned to Meifod, where he talked the aging abbot out of making a pilgrimage to Rome. Eventually, Tysilio succeeded Gwyddfarch as abbot.
King Brochwel, who was fond of hunting, spent his summers in the Vale of Meifod. On his visits to Mathrafal, he often visited the shrine of Saint Gwyddfarch. Brochwel bestowed the bishopric of that part of his kingdom on his son, Tysilio.
He founded the second church in Meifod—the Eglwys Tysilio. His feast day, or gwyl-mabsant, was 8 November which was also the date of the patronal festival and "wakes" in the nearby parish of Guilsfield, where a holy well was dedicated to him—the Fons Tysilio.
Tysilio is traditionally said to be the original author of the Brut Tysilio, a variant of the Welsh chronicle Brut y Brenhinedd, although Brynley F. Roberts has demonstrated that the Brut Tysilio originated around 1500 as an "amalgam" of earlier versions of the Brut y Brenhinedd, which itself derives from Geoffrey of Monmouth's 12th-century Latin Historia Regum Britanniae.

## Place names

Today Tysilio's name is remembered in several church and place names in Wales, including Llandysilio in Powys, Llandissilio in Pembrokeshire, Llandysiliogogo in Ceredigion and Llantysilio in Denbighshire with Llantysilio Hall, a Grade II listed building.
It appears in the longest place name in the United Kingdom, Llanfairpwllgwyngyllgogerychwyrndrobwllllantysiliogogogoch, part of which (shown bold here) means "the Church of St. Tysilio". That name, however, is a late 19th-century invention for the burgeoning tourist industry in the area.
# Anthony Henry (athlete)

Anthony Henry (born 9 January 1967) is an Antigua and Barbuda sprinter. He competed in the men's 100 metres at the 1984 Summer Olympics.
# Vasile Huțanu

Vasile Huţanu (1 June 1954 – 24 February 2014) was a Romanian ice hockey player. He played for the Romania men's national ice hockey team at the 1976 Winter Olympics in Innsbruck.
# Lih Kolam

Lih Kolam (Persian: ليه كلام, also Romanized as Līh Kolām; also known as Likolom) is a village in Owshiyan Rural District, Chaboksar District, Rudsar County, Gilan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 216, in 58 families.
# Do Not Go Gentle

Do Not Go Gentle (Welsh: Oed Yr Addewid) is a 2001 British film directed by Emlyn Williams. It was the United Kingdom's submission to the 74th Academy Awards for the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film, but was not accepted as a nominee.
The film was produced by Alun Ffred Jones and stars Stewart Jones, Gwenno Hodgkins, Arwel Gruffydd, Marged Esli, Caroline Berry and Romolo Bruni.
The Welsh title translates literally as "Age Pledge". The English title is a reference to the Dylan Thomas poem "Do not go gentle into that good night".