OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# List of droughts

This is a list of significant droughts, organized by large geographical area and then year.

## Africa

* Aoyate drought in the late 18th or early 19th century
* 1983–1985 famine in Ethiopia
* 2008–2009 Kenya drought
* 2011 East Africa drought
* Sahel drought
** 2010 Sahel famine
** 2012 Sahel drought
* Eastern Cape drought
* 2017 Somali drought
* 2018–2021 Southern African drought
* 2020–2023 Horn of Africa drought
* 2021 Somali drought
* Food security in Malawi

## Australia

* Drought in Australia
* Federation Drought (1901)
* 1911–1916 Australian drought
* 1979–1983 Eastern Australian drought
* 2000s Australian drought

## Caribbean

* 2015 Caribbean drought

## China

* 1875 Drought and subsequent famine
* 2010 China drought and dust storms
* 2010–2011 China drought

## Europe

* 1540 European drought
* 2022 European drought

## India

* Deccan famine of 1630–1632
* Great Bengal famine of 1770
* Chalisa famine
* Doji bara famine
* Guntur famine of 1832
* Agra famine of 1837–1838
* Upper Doab famine of 1860–1861
* Orissa famine of 1866
* Rajputana famine of 1869
* Bihar famine of 1873–1874
* Great Famine of 1876–1878
* Tamil Nadu famine (1891)
* Indian famine of 1896–1897
* Indian famine of 1899–1900
* Bengal famine of 1943
* Bihar drought of 1966–1967
* 2013 drought in Maharashtra
* 2016–2017 Drought in Tamil Nadu

## South Pacific

* 2011 Tuvalu drought

## United States

* 1935 Black Sunday (storm)
* 1934–35 North American drought
* 1950s Texas drought
* 1983–1985 North American drought
* 1988–1990 North American drought
* 2002 North American drought
* 2006–2008 Southeastern United States drought
* 2010–2013 Southern United States and Mexico drought
** 2012–2013 North American drought
* 2011–2017 California drought
* 2012–2013 North American drought
* 2020–2023 North American drought

## South America

* Drought in Chile
** Chilean water crisis
** Petorca water crisis (2010–present)
* Drought in Uruguay (2020–present)
** 2022-2023 Uruguay drought
* Drought in Brazil
** Drought in Northeastern Brazil
** Grande Seca (1877–78)
** 2014–2017 Brazilian drought

## United Kingdom

* 1906 UK Drought and Heatwave
* 1911 UK Drought and Heatwave
* 1955 UK Drought and Heatwave
* 1976 UK Drought and Heatwave
* 1990 UK Drought and Heatwave
* 1995 UK Drought and Heatwave (The drought generally lasted until Summer 1997)
* 2003 UK Drought and Heatwave
* 2006 UK Drought and Heatwave
* 2011 UK Drought and March–April Heatwave (The drought continued from 2010 and lasted through until March 2012)
Part of the 2010-2012 UK Drought. 2011 UK September–October Heatwave
Part of the 2010-2012 UK Drought. 2012 UK March Heatwave
* Environment
* Ecology
* Weather
# The Rwenzori Times

The Rwenzori Times (abbreviated as RT) is an independent, first ever and biggest news website and magazine in Rwenzori region. The news website and magazine are owned and published by the Rwenzori Times Media Limited, with its offices and printing on Stanley Street, in the Central Town of Kasese, Uganda.
The Rwenzori Times' magazine which was first launched in May 2016 has the second-largest circulation, behind The Independent Magazine - Uganda, and the largest circulation among the districts of Rwenzori with over 10,000 copies being sold daily.
The Rwenzori Times is ranked 1st in Rwenzori by online readership with more than 1,000,000 online readers across the world.

## Location

The head office of The Rwenzori Times and the Rwenzori Times Media Limited, is located at Plot 21, Stanley Street (Rwenzori Road) in the Central Town of Kasese, Uganda's second largest industrial city.
# John Henry Phelan

John Henry Phelan (December 11, 1877 – May 19, 1957), was an American oil producer and philanthropist. In partnership with Miles Franklin Yount, he worked for the Yount-Lee Oil Company.
After the oil company's success at Spindletop, Yount-Lee was bought in 1935 by Stanolind Oil, when Phelan was treasurer of the firm, a deal the Handbook of Texas calls "the third largest cash transaction in American business history". Before going into oil, he formed the Phelan-Josey Wholesale Company, a regional grocery distributor in Southeast Texas, upon his arrival in Beaumont, Texas in 1902.
Phelan was noted for his philanthropy, especially to Catholic causes. He donated his homestead to the Sisters of Charity of the Incarnate Word and the property is now Christus St. Elizabeth Hospital in Beaumont. Pope Pius XI appointed him a Knight of St. Gregory in 1933 and he received the Laetare Medal from the University of Notre Dame in 1951.

## Personal life

One of eleven children born to Patrick Henry Phelan, a wholesale grocer, and Adele (Myers) Phelan, in Charlotte, North Carolina, Phelan worked as a traveling salesman before moving to Beaumont in 1902. Phelan had three children with wife Johanna Cunningham, who he married in 1905. Phelan's great-grandson, Dade Phelan, was elected as Speaker of the Texas House of Representatives in 2021.

## Sources

* Phelan, John Henry (1877–1957), Handbook of Texas Online
* JOHN HENRY PHELAN, A TEXAS OIL MAN, 79, New York Times, May 20, 1957
# Peter Scanlon (businessman)

Peter Redmond Scanlon (February 13, 1931 – December 3, 2009) was the chairman and chief executive officer of Coopers & Lybrand, one of the Big Eight auditors, from 1982 to 1991. At a time when other accounting firms were merging, Scanlon kept Coopers & Lybrand independent and grew it through expansion rather than mergers.

## Biography

Peter Redmond Scanlon was born on February 13, 1931, in the Bronx, the son of Loretta Ryan and John Scanlon Jr., who owned an insurance company, but who died when Scanlon was only 9. After high school, Scanlon attended Iona College, receiving a bachelor's degree in accounting in 1952.
Upon graduation, Scanlon took a job at Lybrand, Ross Brothers & Montgomery (which would later merge with Cooper Brothers & Co. in 1957 to form Coopers & Lybrand). He served in the United States Navy during the Korean War, returning to the firm when he had completed his four years of service. He was elected as a partner in 1966, and then rose through the ranks throughout the 1970s, serving as managing partner of the New York office, managing partner for the New York region, and vice-chairman of domestic operations.
In 1982, Scanlon was elected as chairman and CEO of Coopers & Lybrand for the first of three terms. Scanlon was criticized in some quarters because of his refusal to participate in the "mergers mania" of the 1980s. However, Coopers & Lybrand were able to take advantage of the mergers going on in the industry to attract international affiliates who had grown disaffected with their parent firms. Scanlon's tenure as chairman and CEO was one of growth and profitability for Coopers & Lybrand. Scanlon brought in several new clients, most notably SmithKline Beckman and Unilever. In 1991, his last year at the firm, Coopers & Lybrand earned $261 million in profits on $1.5 billion in revenue.
Scanlon's involvement in the community included serving as a trustee for Iona College, The Economic Club of New York, The Catholic University of America, and the Gregorian University. He also served on the visiting committees of the MIT Sloan School of Management and The Conference Board. He was a Knight of Malta and a Knight of the Holy Sepulchre. He received several honors from his alma mater, Iona College, including an honorary LL.D.
In 1991, Scanlon retired and settled in Florida. He died of cancer on December 3, 2009, in Jupiter, Florida.
# National Route 306 (Costa Rica)

National Tertiary Route 306, or just Route 306 (Spanish: Ruta Nacional Terciaria 306, or Ruta 306) is a National Road Route of Costa Rica, located in the San José province.

## Description

In San José province the route covers Montes de Oca canton (San Pedro, San Rafael districts), Curridabat canton (Granadilla district).
# Tapiales

Tapiales is a town in Argentina. It is located in La Matanza Partido and forms part of Greater Buenos Aires. Tapiales had a population of 15,158 at the 2001 census.
Tapiales was established in 1902 by Agustín Elía along the recently inaugurated Buenos Aires Western Railway (Spanish: Ferrocarril Oeste de Buenos Aires). Elía, who had purchased the land from the estate of the former Vice President, Francisco Bernabé Madero, sold the property in 1906 to La Franco Argentina, a prominent Buenos Aires real estate company. Chacra de Los Tapiales ("adobe wall ranch"), built by the Altolaguirre family in the early 19th century, gave the settlement its name and remains as a town landmark.
La Franco Argentina, in turn, sold the land in lots to investors and prospective homeowners, and in 1908, the railway, in which La Franco Argentina owned a stake, inaugurated a station at the site, as well as a rail yard. The town was divided geographically by the opening of the Riccheri Freeway in 1952, built to connect Buenos Aires to the recently inaugurated Ministro Pistarini International Airport 8 mi (13 km) to the southwest.
Tapiales grew significantly in the subsequent decade with the construction from 1968 to 1971 of a 900-unit cooperative housing complex by El Hogar Obrero, a leading firm in the Argentine cooperative movement. It was later chosen as the site for the Buenos Aires Central Market; the nation's largest wholesale market, it was inaugurated in Tapiales in 1984 to replace the Abasto de Buenos Aires and is the town's largest employer.
# Inocencia Alcubierre

Inocencia Alcubierre Rodríguez, also known as Ino Alcubierre (16 June 1901 – 1927) was a Spanish actress.

## Biography

Alcubierre was born in Uncastillo in 1901 and moved to Barcelona during her childhood with her parents. As a teenager, she worked as an usher in a movie theater.
In 1921, she received the lead role in her first film, a western called, Lilian. She acted for director Ricardo de Baños, as Doña Inés in the production of Don Juan Tenorio in 1922. Alcubierre took a three-year hiatus to care for her baby daughter. After appearing in a film that had no significant impact in 1925, she appeared in Nobleza baturra, which went on to become one of the most successful silent films in Spain, however, no copy of the film survived. Her performance as María del Pilar, a "representation of the pain and heart heat" was praised. In 1926, she played a role in La malcasada, which discussed the then-controversial subject of divorce.
Alcubierre died in a traffic accident in Madrid.

## Filmography

* 1921: Lilian
* 1922: Don Juan tenorio
* 1925: Nobleza baturra
* 1926: La malcasada
# Chechelnyk

Chechelnyk (earlier also Chichelnik; alternate spellings Chetschelnik, Chitchilnik, Cicelnic, Czeczelnik, Tschetschelnik) (Ukrainian: Чечельнúк) is a rural settlement on the Savranka River (a tributary of the Southern Bug) in Vinnytsia Oblast, Ukraine, near Odesa Oblast, located in the historic region of Podolia. Chechelnyk was formerly the administrative center of Chechelnyk Raion, although it is now administrated under the Haisyn Raion. The economy is based on the food industry, especially alcohol production. Population: 4,785 (2022 estimate)

## History

Chechelnyk was founded "as a refuge from Tatars and landlords" in the early 16th century and achieved the status of a town in 1635. Until the Partitions of Poland Czeczelnik was part of the Bracław Voivodeship of the Lesser Poland Province. It was a private town of Poland, owned by the House of Lubomirski. The 5th Polish Vanguard Regiment was stationed in Czeczelnik in 1789, and the 2nd Polish Vanguard Regiment was stationed there in 1792.
Later it became part of the Podolian Governorate of the Russian Empire. Between 1795 and 1812 it was renamed Olgopil. In 1898 the population was 7,000, of whom 1,967 were Jews. Like most of Podolia, the town suffered terribly during the First World War and 1917-1921 Ukrainian War of Independence; during the summer of 1920, "the south of Podillya seethed with counterrevolution... and Olgopil County, where Chechelnyk is located, was the most unstable area in all of Podillya."
Until 26 January 2024, Chechelnyk was designated urban-type settlement. On this day, a new law entered into force which abolished this status, and Chechelnyk became a rural settlement.

## Notable residents

* Brazilian writer Clarice Lispector was born in Chechelnyk during a pause in the family's journey to escape Russia.
# Civil Aviation Institute of Cuba

The Civil Aviation Institute of Cuba (IACC, Spanish: Instituto de Aeronáutica Civil de Cuba) is the civil aviation authority of Cuba, headquartered in Vedado, Plaza de la Revolución, Havana.
The IACC was created as a result of Decree Law 85 of June 12, 1985. As of 2010, Ramón Martínez Echevarría is the president of the IACC.
# Evgeny Kovalev

Evgeny Kovalev (born 6 March 1989 in Moscow) is a Russian professional cyclist, who last competed with the Russian Helicopters squad. At the 2012 Summer Olympics, he competed in the Men's team pursuit for the national team. His brother Ivan Kovalev is also a racing cyclist.

## Palmarès
### 2009

    1st Stage 2 Bałtyk–Karkonosze Tour
    8th Tour of Vojvodina II
    10th Trofeo Banca Popolare di Vicenza

### 2010

    1st Stage 3 Grand Prix of Adygeya

### 2013

    1st Stage 1 Vuelta Ciclista a Costa Rica

### 2014

    1st Stage 5 Grand Prix Udmurtskaya Pravda
# Leo Vincent Brothers

Leo Vincent Brothers, also known as Vincent Bader (1899 – 1950) was an early 20th-century American gangster who gained notoriety throughout the underworld after being convicted of the 1930 murder of Chicago Tribune reporter Jake Lingle.
Starting out as a low-level member of the St. Louis gang known as the Egan's Rats, Brothers was once the manager and a bouncer at The Green Mill in Chicago. Brothers soon graduated into labor racketeering and contract murder. Dodging a 1929 murder indictment, Brothers fled to Chicago, where he found work in the Chicago Outfit under the notorious crime boss, Al Capone. Leo was ultimately convicted of the Lingle murder and sentenced to 14 years. His attorney was Louis Piquett, who later became famous as John Dillinger's lawyer.
Most observers, then and now, believe that Brothers was handed up to the state by Capone as a sacrifice. Mario Gomes, Capone historian says that Frank (Frankie) Foster who was a triggerman for the North Side Mob and later the Chicago Outfit was most likely the man who pulled the trigger on the Jake Lingle contract. The contract was handed out and organized by Jack Zuta. After his release in 1940, Brothers returned to St. Louis, beat his original murder case, and became hooked up with the local mob. Three months after an unsuccessful attempt on his life, Leo Brothers died of heart disease in St. Louis on December 23, 1950.
# Gennady Tatarinov

Gennady Tatarinov (born 20 April 1991, in Kopeysk) is a Russian cyclist who last rode for RusVelo.

## Major results
### 2009

    2nd Giro della Lunigiana
    2nd Overall 3 Giorni Orobica
       1st Stage 1

### 2012

    1st stages 1 (TTT) and 4 Tour d'Azerbaïdjan
    7th Tour de l'Avenir

### 2013

    3rd National U23 Road Race Championships
# Georgy Gagloev

Georgy Gagloev (Russian: Георгий Гаглоев; 1997/1998 – 14 January 2023) was a Russian mixed martial artist. Participant of international and all-Russian sports competitions. Master of sports of international class in MMA. He left professional sports in the MMA pop industry.

## Biography

Georgy Gagloev was born in the Russian Republic of North Ossetia, the city of Beslan.
Gagloev fought in the promotions "Наше Дело", "Hype Fighting" and "Arena".

## Death

On 14 January 2023, Gagloev was found dead on the upper couchette shelf of a train. The body was removed from the train and was sent to the morgue to study the cause of death. He was 25.
There are many versions in the media about the sudden death of Gagloev. According to the original version, he was strangled with a pillow. According to the preliminary version, the cause of death was pulmonary embolism, accompanying natural death. The exact cause of death is currently being determined.
The head of the Investigative Committee of Russia Alexander Bastrykin demanded to report on the investigation into the death of Gagloev and took what was happening under his personal control.

## Sports achievements

* 2020 — FCF MMA Full Contact Fighting Tournament Winner (Kislovodsk, gold)
* 2020 — Championship of the Armed Forces of St. Petersburg (Russia, judo, gold)
* 2016 — Traditional open sambo tournament "Golden Autumn" (won the title of winner at the St. Petersburg Sambo Championship among men)
* 2019 — International tournament TIME TO FIGHT
* 2019 — «Croatia Open»
# Liberal Party (Chile, 1849)

The Liberal Party (Spanish: Partido Liberal) was a Chilean political party created by a faction of pipiolos in 1849. After the conservative victory in the Chilean Civil War of 1829 the liberals became the principal opposition party to the Conservative Party. During the Liberal Party's early history one of its main goal was to create a new constitution to replace the Chilean Constitution of 1833. Rigged election helped to prevent the Liberal Party's presidential candidates to be elected until 1861, during that time elements of the liberal party made attempts to overthrow the government, these were the Revolution of 1851 and the Revolution of 1859. These failed insurrections led many liberals to emigrate, among them Benjamín Vicuña Mackenna. In 1863 a group of liberal split off to form the Radical Party which would hold power from 1938 to 1952. Originally an anticlericalist party that championed classical liberalism, the liberals later became a right-wing party.
In 1966 the Liberal Party joined with their old antagonists, the United Conservative Party, to form the National Party.

## Presidents elected under Liberal Party

* 1871 - Federico Errázuriz Zañartu
* 1876 - Aníbal Pinto
* 1881 - Domingo Santa María
* 1886 - José Manuel Balmaceda
* 1896 - Federico Errázuriz Echaurren
* 1901 - Germán Riesco
* 1910 - Ramón Barros Luco
* 1920 - Arturo Alessandri
* 1932 - Arturo Alessandri

## Presidential candidates

The following is a list of the presidential candidates supported by the Liberal Party or the pipiolos. (Information gathered from the Archive of Chilean Elections).
* 1829: Francisco Antonio Pinto (won), Joaquín Vicuña (lost)
* 1831: none
* 1836: none
* 1841: Francisco Antonio Pinto (lost)
* 1846: none
* 1851: José María de la Cruz (lost)
* 1856: none
* 1861: José Joaquín Pérez (won)
* 1866: José Joaquín Pérez (won)
* 1871: Federico Errázuriz Zañartu (won), José Tomás de Urmeneta (lost)
* 1876: Aníbal Pinto (won)
* 1881: Domingo Santa María (won), Manuel Baquedano (lost)
* 1886: José Manuel Balmaceda (won)
* June 1891: Claudio Vicuña (won)
* October 1891: Jorge Montt (won)
* 1896: Vicente Reyes (lost)
* 1901: Germán Riesco (won)
* 1906: Pedro Montt (won)
* 1910: Ramón Barros Luco (won)
* 1915: Javier Ángel Figueroa (lost)
* 1920: Alliance faction: Arturo Alessandri (won), Union faction: Luis Barros Borgoño (lost)
* 1925: Emiliano Figueroa (won)
* 1927: none
* 1931: Juan Esteban Montero (won), Arturo Alessandri (lost)
* 1932: Arturo Alessandri (won), Enrique Zañartu Prieto (lost)
* 1938: Gustavo Ross (lost)
* 1942: Carlos Ibáñez (lost)
* 1946: Fernando Alessandri (lost)
* 1952: Arturo Matte (lost)
* 1958: Jorge Alessandri (won)
* 1964: Eduardo Frei Montalva (won)
# Chupakhivka

Chupakhivka (Ukrainian: Чупахівка, Russian: Чупаховка) is a rural settlement in Okhtyrka Raion of Sumy Oblast in Ukraine. It is located on the banks of the Tashan in the drainage basin of the Dnieper. Chupakhivka hosts the administration of Chupakhivka settlement hromada, one of the hromadas of Ukraine. Population: 2,164 (2022 estimate).
Until 26 January 2024, Chupakhivka was designated urban-type settlement. On this day, a new law entered into force which abolished this status, and Chupakhivka became a rural settlement.

## Economy
### Transportation

The closest railway station, approximately 15 kilometres (9.3 mi) southeast, is Okhtyrka. This is a terminal station with infrequent passenger traffic.
Chupakhivka is connected by road with Okhtyrka and Lebedyn.
# Valley Township, Buffalo County, Nebraska

Valley Township is a township in Buffalo County, Nebraska, United States. It is one of twenty-six townships in the county. The population was 158 at the 2000 census. A 2006 estimate placed the township's population at 156.
# Tortolì

Tortolì (Italian: ; Sardinian: Tortolì or Tòrtuelie; Latin: Portus Ilii) is a town and comune in Sardinia, in the Province of Nuoro.

## Geography

Tortolì is situated on the eastern coast of Sardinia. Its port and greatest hamlet is Arbatax, which has also an airport that once connected it to continental Italy and the European continent. To the north of it is Girasole and Lotzorai, to the west Villagrande Strisaili and Ilbono, and to the south Barisardo. To the east of the town is the Mediterranean Sea.

## History
### Ancient history

The area of Tortolì was inhabited since the Neolithic and then frequented by the Phoenicians, Romans, Vandals, and the Byzantines. It was part of the giudicato of Cagliari between the 10th and 13th centuries.
During the Spanish period the town was the head of the County of Quirra.

### Modern history

In 1807 Tortolì became head of a province consisting of 27 villages, but in 1921 lost the capital status in favour of Lanusei. In 1859 it was incorporated into the Province of Cagliari. In 1926 it was incorporated into the province of Nuoro.
In 1943 the port of Arbatax was bombed, killing 13 people.
# Shaper of Worlds

The Shaper of Worlds is a fictional character appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics.

## Publication history

The Shaper of Worlds was created by writer Archie Goodwin and artist Herb Trimpe, and first appeared in Incredible Hulk #155 (September 1972). Its origin was first revealed in Captain America Annual #7 (1983).

## Fictional character biography

The Shaper of Worlds is initially a Cosmic Cube created by Skrull scientists before developing sentience. Afterwards, it forms a partially robotic Skrull-like body and a personality based on the Skrull Emperor.
In subsequent appearances, the Shaper creates worlds based on specific themes, such as the cultures of the 1940s and 1950s. He also takes in Glorian and Kubik as his apprentices and battles the Hulk and the Fantastic Four.
In Secret Wars, the Silver Surfer meets with Glorian and the Shaper and learns that they intend to rebuild the multiverse following its destruction. However, Glorian manipulates the Surfer into helping him kill the Shaper to gain his power.

## Powers and abilities

The Shaper of Worlds is an alien matter-energy construct with potentially incalculable physical power. He can restructure finite pockets of reality and alter the molecular configuration of persons and objects. He is also capable of intergalactic and interdimensional teleportation, and empathic perception. The Shaper's intelligence is immeasurable, but lacking a creative imagination, he must use the mind of another sentient being as a conduit. Additionally, he cannot create new worlds, only reconstruct existing ones.

## Other versions

The Shaper of Worlds appears in the crossover Batman vs. the Incredible Hulk.
# Ivan Terenine

Ivan Terenine (Russian: Иван Теренин; born 22 June 1982) is a Russian former cyclist.

## Major results
### 2001

    1st Overall Five Rings of Moscow

### 2002

    1st Overall Mainfranken-Tour
       1st Stage 1

### 2003

    1st Overall Tour du Cameroun
    1st Stage 3 Criterium des Espoirs
    1st Stage 3 Triptyque des Monts et Châteaux

### 2004

    1st Overall Five Rings of Moscow

### 2005

    1st Mayor Cup
    1st Stage 2 Five Rings of Moscow
# Pandharipande

Pandharipande is an Indian surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Rahul Pandharipande (born 1969), Indian mathematician
* Vijay Raghunath Pandharipande (1940–2006), Indian-American physicist