OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Khandwa Municipal Corporation

Khandwa Municipal Corporation is the municipal corporation governing Indian city of Khandwa. Municipal Corporation mechanism in India was introduced during British Rule with formation of municipal corporation in Madras (Chennai) in 1688, later followed by municipal corporations in Bombay (Mumbai) and Calcutta (Kolkata) by 1762. Khandwa Municipal Corporation is headed by Mayor of city and governed by Commissioner.

## History and administration

Khandwa Municipal Corporation was formed to improve the infrastructure of the town as per the needs of local population. Ratlam Municipal Corporation has been categorised into wards and each ward is headed by councillor for which elections are held every 5 years.
Khandwa Municipal Corporation is governed by mayor and administered by Municipal Commissioner Priyanka Singh Rajawat

## Functions

Khandwa Municipal Corporation is created for the following functions:
* Planning for the town including its surroundings which are covered under its Department's Urban Planning Authority .
* Approving construction of new buildings and authorising use of land for various purposes.
* Improvement of the town's economic and Social status.
* Arrangements of water supply towards commercial,residential and industrial purposes.
* Planning for fire contingencies through Fire Service Departments.
* Creation of solid waste management,public health system and sanitary services.
* Working for the development of ecological aspect like development of Urban Forestry and making guidelines for environmental protection.
* Working for the development of weaker sections of the society like mentally and physically handicapped,old age and gender biased people.
* Making efforts for improvement of slums and poverty removal in the town.

## Revenue sources

The following are the Income sources for the Corporation from the Central and State Government.

### Revenue from taxes

Following is the Tax related revenue for the corporation.
* Property tax.
* Profession tax.
* Entertainment tax.
* Grants from Central and State Government like Goods and Services Tax.
* Advertisement tax.

### Revenue from non-tax sources

Following is the Non Tax related revenue for the corporation.
* Water usage charges.
* Fees from Documentation services.
* Rent received from municipal property.
* Funds from municipal bonds.

### Revenue from taxes

Following is the Tax related revenue for the corporation.
* Property tax.
* Profession tax.
* Entertainment tax.
* Grants from Central and State Government like Goods and Services Tax.
* Advertisement tax.

### Revenue from non-tax sources

Following is the Non Tax related revenue for the corporation.
* Water usage charges.
* Fees from Documentation services.
* Rent received from municipal property.
* Funds from municipal bonds.
# Mohammadiyeh, Mashhad

Mohammadiyeh (Persian: محمديه, also Romanized as Moḩammadīyeh) is a village in Tabadkan Rural District, in the Central District of Mashhad County, Razavi Khorasan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 62, in 9 families.
# Khancheyskoye gas field

The Khancheyskoye gas field is a natural gas field located in the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug. It was discovered in 1990 and developed by and Novatek. It began production in 2001 and produces natural gas and condensates. The total proven reserves of the Khancheyskoye gas field are around 1.151 trillion cubic feet (32.6×10$^9$m³), and production is slated to be around 347.7 million cubic feet/day (9.8×10$^5$m³) in 2010.
# Anuradha Thakur

Anuradha Thakur is an Indian painting artist in Ahmednagar, Maharashtra. Known for her luminescent paintings, her artwork is a display of the inherent Indian culture and traditions. She is also a TEDx speaker.
Anuradha has been honoured with numerous national awards and was recently selected by the Ministry of Women and Child Development as one of the Top 100 Women Achievers in the category of Art and Culture in India.

## Early life and career

After graduating with a degree in fine arts, Anuradha decided to serve the welfare of her community. She dedicated her time to helping housewives and children in slum areas, teaching them art with whatever raw materials she could find - from mud and gum from babool trees to different coloured paints. Later she was even awarded a state award for her efforts!
In 2016, Anuradha took up painting 22 years after graduating from Arts College in Pune. Even though she had studied Fine Art, the only subject offered in 1982, abstract art didn't appeal to her. Now, she is in Hyderabad for a 10-day show titled ‘Serene Ecstacy’ at Park Hyatt.

## Awards and honours

* 2019: Received the iWoman Global Awards 2019 on the occasion of International Women's Day at IISER, Pashan.
* 2019: One of her paintings titled ‘Ethnic Serendipity’ has found a place in the Prime Minister of India's office.
* Top 100 Women Achievers in the category of Art and Culture in India.
# Botrylloides leachii

Botrylloides leachii is a colonial tunicate of the family Styelidae. Its unique methods of propagation and regeneration make it an ideal model organism for use in biological study of development, immunology, stem cells, and regeneration.

## Description

Botrylloides leachii is a colonial tunicate and can form a flat gelatinous encrusting sheet or a more massive structure. The individual zooids are about 4 mm (0.2 in) in diameter while the whole colony may reach 15 cm (6 in) or more across. Groups of zooids tend to form pairs of parallel chains; each zooid has its own inhalant siphon but the groups share an exhalant siphon. The tunic is some shade of grey, pink, orange, yellow or white; the siphons have white rims, and the exhalant siphons have white radial streaks.

## Distribution and habitat

Botrylloides leachii has a wide distribution, with a number of species previously thought to be separate having been shown to be identical and synonymised with it. Its range includes the Indo-Pacific region, the Caribbean Sea and the Eastern Atlantic Ocean including the North Sea and the Mediterranean Sea. It grows on rock, various hard substrates and large seaweeds, as well as loose on sand and detritus, at depths down to about 30 m (100 ft).

## Biology

Like all tunicates, Botrylloides leachii is a filter feeder that feeds by drawing water into its interior through the inhalant siphon, filtering out the edible particles with a mucus net, and expelling the water and waste products through the exhalant siphon. The sexes are separate in this species, and the gametes are liberated into the water column. The larvae are planktonic at first but soon settle on the seabed where they undergo metamorphosis into zooids with adult organs. A founding zooid begins to form buds which grow into new zooids, which in turn bud again, and the colony expands. The zooids are connected by a network of blood vessels with minute finger-like processes called "ampullae". In time, the older zooids begin to degrade and become reabsorbed while the colony lives on.
Whole-body regeneration is extremely unusual among chordates, but a colony of Botrylloides leachii can regenerate itself from a small piece of tissue. In a colony where all the zooids have been removed and the only structure that remains is the linking vascular tissue, blood cells aggregate to initiate repairs, white blood cells infiltrate the wounds and macrophage-like cells ingest the debris. Within ten days, the macrophages have disappeared from the circulation and the zooids have regenerated. The ampullae are the seat of the regeneration process; researchers successfully grew 80 out of 95 sections of blood vessel with ampullae attached into new zooids, with a sexually mature zooid developing in about two weeks.
# Kureh Ajarpazi

Kureh Ajarpazi (Persian: كوره اجرپزي, also Romanized as Kūreh Ājarpazī) is a village in Margan Rural District, in the Central District of Hirmand County, Sistan and Baluchestan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 54, in 11 families.
# Dave Castle

Dave Castle, also known as Fernan-Núñez Castle (French: Château de Dave, Château Fernan-Núñez) is a château in the village of Dave, Wallonia, also known as Dave-sur-Meuse, now a part of the city of Namur, Belgium.
The château stands on the banks of the Meuse. It was originally a medieval structure, the centre of power of the influential sieurs de Dave, but was ruined in the 17th century, and re-constructed in the 18th and 19th centuries by the Dukes of Fernan-Nuñez, whence the alternative name.
# Nereoginkgo populifolia

Nereoginkgo populifolia is a species of Antarctic marine red alga.
# Episcopal Conference of Argentina

The Argentine Episcopal Conference (Spanish: Conferencia Episcopal Argentina) is an episcopal conference of the Roman Catholic Church of Argentina that gathers the bishops of the country in order to discuss pastoral issues and in general all matters that have to do with the Church. The following are members of the Conference:
* The diocesan bishops and others considered such de jure;
* The coadjutor bishops;
* The auxiliary bishops;
* The Eastern Catholic bishops with a see in Argentina;
* The titular bishops by appointment of the Holy See or the Conference itself;
Guests of the Conference are the Apostolic Nuncio and other bishops (titular and emeritus).
# Tindar

Tindar (Persian: تيندر, also Romanized as Tīndar) is a village in Zalaqi-ye Sharqi Rural District, Besharat District, Aligudarz County, Lorestan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 114, in 20 families.
# Andrey Potapkin

Andrey Potapkin (born 12 July 1996) is a Russian rower. He competed in the 2020 Summer Olympics.
# Tudor Museum

The Tudor Museum (French: Musée Tudor), also known as Rosport Castle (French: Château de Rosport, Luxembourgish: Schlass vu Rouspert), is located in the little town of Rosport (Luxembourgish: Rouspert) in north-eastern Luxembourg. Built in 1892, it was the home of the Luxembourg inventor Henri Tudor. Since May 2009, the castle has housed the Tudor Museum.

## Location

The building is located not far from the Irminenhof and is surrounded by magnificent gardens. Locally it is known as the neit Schlass or new castle.

## History

During the German occupation of Luxembourg in the Second World War, the castle was used to accommodate girls assigned to the Reichsarbeitsdient who performed farming and house-keeping work. Around 1957, it became a guest house and, in 1964, the American firm Monsanto converted it into a hotel. However business was not very successful and in 1970, the Commune of Rosport bought the castle for its own administrative offices while continuing to rent out the first-floor apartments to vacationers. In 1972, these were replaced by a holiday home for old people.
After restoration work was completed in 1999, serious consideration was given to opening a museum on the premises. In 1981, the celebrations for Tudor's 100th anniversary had included an exhibition on the development of the lead–acid battery, his principal success. Although the decision to go ahead with the museum was reached in 1995, many difficulties had to be overcome and it was only in May 2009 that the "Friends of the Henri Tudor Museum" were finally able to open it to the public.

## The castle today

In addition to the museum, the building houses the administrative offices of the Commune of Rosport. The museum itself is open all year round from Wednesday to Sunday, 2 pm to 6 pm. In July and August, it is also open on Monday and Tuesday afternoons.
# Galician Germans

The Galician Germans (German: Galiziendeutsche) were an ethnic German population living in the Kingdom of Galicia and Lodomeria in the Austrian Empire, established in 1772 as a result of the First Partition of Poland, and after World War I in the four voivodeships of interwar Poland: Kraków, Lwów, Tarnopol, and Stanisławów. During World War II, part of the Galician Germans were relocated in January 1940 in the course of Heim ins Reich; the majority of the remaining population later fled the region in 1944–1945.

## History

The first wave of ethnic Germans arrived in what would later be known as Galicia in the late Middle Ages (see Ostsiedlung). In part of the region the settlers were known as Walddeutsche. Most of them underwent Polonization at latest in the 18th century.
Long before the First Partition of Poland in 1772 a small German language island existed on the western tip of the would-be Galicia in Biała and its vicinity (Hałcnów, Lipnik). Another one was established around 1750 in Zalishchyky, which, however, was partially depopulated before 1772. In 1774 Maria Theresa issued a patent aiming to lure German artisans into several local cities, without significant result. The first meaningful settlement campaign took place in the 1780s, the Josephine colonization, which facilitated the arrival of over 3,200 ethnic German families (around 14,400 people).
Descendants of the Josephine settlers were allowed to establish daughter settlements afterwards (like, for example, Baginsberg in the neighbourhood of Kolomyia, in 1818). Furtherly, smaller settlements took place in the years 1802–1805 (1,200 families) and 1811–1848 (400 families).
A part of this colonies lost its ethnic German character in the following decades, especially in the western Galicia. More settlements proved to be prolific in the eastern Galicia. In the meantime, the German-speaking population grew slowly in the Galician cities.
According to the Austrian census from 1900 there were 212,327 (or 2.7%) German-speaking people in Galicia. Of this number around 80,000 constituted German Christians. The rest came from part of the Galician Jews (the census did not give the opportunity to declare Yiddish language), of whom roughly 20,000 considered themselves German. As a German-speaking was also qualified the population of Wilamowice, traditionally speaking Wymysorys language.
After World War I, Galicia became a part of the Second Polish Republic. Many of the colonies retained their previous names, however in the late 1930s the Polish government decided to change them to ones sounding more Polish, e.g. Neudorf to Polminowice.
The Polish census of 1931 counted in total 40,393 Germans in former Galicia, including 23,586 Protestants and 15,842 Roman Catholics.

## Examples of post-Josephine settlements

* Annaberg, now Nahirne, established in 1835;
* Felizienthal, now Dolynivka, est. 1835;
* Karlsdorf, est. 1835;
# Siege of Venlo (1586)

The siege of Venlo of 1586, also known as the Capture of Venlo, was a Spanish victory that took place on June 28, 1586, at the city of Venlo, in the southeastern of Low Countries, near the German border (present-day Province of Limburg, the Netherlands), between the Spanish forces commanded by Governor-General Don Alexander Farnese, Prince of Parma (Spanish: Alejandro Farnesio), and the Dutch garrison of Venlo, supported by relief troops under Maarten Schenck van Nydeggen and Sir Roger Williams, during the Eighty Years' War and the Anglo-Spanish War (1585–1604). After two failed attempts to relieve the city, the siege ended on June 28, 1586, with the capitulation and the withdrawal of the Dutch garrison.
According to John Lothrop Motley, during the siege, there was an important event when the troops of Maarten Schenck and Roger Williams arrived near Venlo to relieve the Dutch garrison. At that night (about 170 Dutch and English soldiers led by Schenck and Williams) they passed through enemy lines with stealth, killed several Spanish soldiers, and even reached the door of the Prince of Parma's tent, where they killed Parma's secretary and his personal guard. Then, with the Spanish camp alerted, Schenck's troops fled to Wachtendonk, being pursued by 2,000 Spanish soldiers. In this pursuit, nearly half of Maarten Schenck's troops were killed or captured.
After the capture of Venlo, in mid-July 1586, the Spanish army led by Don Alexander, surrounded the city of Neuss (or Nuys), an important Protestant stronghold in the Electorate of Cologne, as part of Spanish support to Ernest of Bavaria in the Cologne War. The city refused to capitulate, and consequently Neuss was virtually destroyed by Parma's army. The whole garrison commanded by Hermann Friedrich Cloedt was killed or captured, including himself.
On May 21, 1597, Maurice of Nassau tried to capture Venlo by surprise, but the operation was a failure due to the great defense of the Spanish garrison, supported by the population of the city. In 1606 another attempt led by Frederick Henry resulted in another failure.
# Rustai-ye Shahid Deh Qan Pur

Rustai-ye Shahid Deh Qan Pur (Persian: روستاي شهيد دهقان پور, also romanized as Rūstāī-ye Shahīd Deh Qān Pūr) is a village in Jahadabad Rural District, in the Central District of Anbarabad County, Kerman Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 575, in 118 families.
# Raja Jang

Raja Jang (Urdu: راجہ جنگ), is a town and Municipal Corporation of Kasur District in the Punjab province of Pakistan. It is part of Kasur Tehsil. Its population is over 100,000. It is situated at a higher altitude than Lahore. The BRB Canal passes the north-west side of the town.

## History

The name Raja Jang is a variation of Raja Roy Bahadur Jang. Raja Roy Bahadur Jang lived in Raja Jang under British rule. After 1947, Sikhs and Hindus left behind havelis and mansions. Raja Jang is the only town of Kasur district with high literacy.

## Festivals

The main festivals are the Urs of Baba Masoom Shah, Baba Fateh Shah, Baba Khaki shah, and Baba Lal Shahbaz. The Muslim population shows great interest in celebrating Eid UL Fitr, Eid UL Azha.

## Sports

Rassa Kashi (Tug of war) is the major sports item. H/S Raja Jang was the divisional champion of Rassa Kashi until the 1990s. Raja Jang has many teams playing football and cricket, which hold local sports competitions annually. Hockey is popular.
# Letcombe Regis

Letcombe Regis is a village and civil parish in the Vale of White Horse. It was part of Berkshire until the 1974 boundary changes transferred the Vale of White Horse to Oxfordshire. The village is on Letcombe Brook at the foot of the Berkshire Downs escarpment about 1 mile (1.6 km) southwest of the market town of Wantage. The 2011 Census recorded the parish population as 578.

## History

The parish includes Segsbury Camp, an Iron Age hill fort on the crest of the Downs just over a mile south of the village. The Domesday Book of 1086 records Letcombe Regis. The name may come from the Old English Ledecumbe meaning the "lede in the combe" – i.e. "the brook in the valley." "Regis" may derive from the Latin 'rex' meaning 'Royal' with 'Regis' meaning The King's, giving, perhaps, "The Kings brook in the valley."
From 1959 to 2002 the Letcombe Laboratory, a major centre for plant research, was located at the Letcombe Manor Estate. The centre was initially a UK government laboratory, but was sold to the chemical company Dow Elanco in 1985.

## Parish church

The Church of England parish church of Saint Andrew is a Grade II* listed building. St Andrew's parish is part of the Ridgeway Benefice, along with the parishes of Childrey, Kingston Lisle, Letcombe Bassett, Sparsholt and West Challow.

## Amenities

Letcombe Regis has a public house, the Greyhound Inn and a village hall. Letcombe has a non-League football club, Letcombe F.C., which plays at Bassett Road and is a member of Wiltshire League Premier Division.
# Marieluise-Fleißer-Preis

Marieluise-Fleißer-Preis is a German biennial literary prize, given by the town of Ingolstadt, Bavaria, on behalf of the Marieluise-Fleißer-Gesellschaft, in memory of the writer Marieluise Fleißer who was born in Ingolstadt. It is awarded to a German-language author who writes, as Fleißer did, about the conflict of unfulfilled claims to happiness and everyday life ("Konflikt zwischen unerfüllten Glücksansprüchen und dem alltäglichen Leben". The prize money is €10,000.

## Recipients

* 1981 Irmgard Keun
* 1986 Uwe Dick [de]
* 1989 Herta Müller
* 1992 Thomas Hürlimann
* 1995 Robert Schneider
* 1998 Gert Heidenreich [de]
* 2001 Petra Morsbach
* 2003 Harald Grill [de]
* 2005 Kerstin Specht [de]
* 2007 Franz Xaver Kroetz
* 2009 Dea Loher
* 2011 Sibylle Lewitscharoff
* 2013 Rainald Goetz
* 2015 Ulrich Peltzer
* 2017 Christoph Ransmayr
* 2019 Iris Wolff
* 2021 Ines Geipel
# Tom Maley

Thomas Edward Maley (8 November 1864 – 24 August 1935) was a Scottish football player and manager.
Born in Portsmouth to a soldier from County Clare, Maley spent his entire playing career in Scotland, with Partick Thistle, Dundee Harp, Hibernian, Third Lanark and Celtic (playing on the losing side in the 1889 Scottish Cup Final). An amateur during his playing days, he worked as a school teacher and later governor. He left this role in 1902 to become manager of Manchester City, helping them to their first major honour, the 1903–04 FA Cup. He was involved in the 1905 English football bribery scandal which resulted in him being banned from football. After leaving City in 1906 he became manager of Bradford Park Avenue then later assisted Southport.
Two of Maley's brothers also found fame in the footballing world. Alex Maley was a manager with Clyde, Clydebank, Hibernian and Crystal Palace while Willie Maley was a Scottish international and later manager of Celtic between 1897 and 1940. It was on a visit to the family home in Cathcart in December 1887 to invite Tom Maley to join Celtic that Brother Walfrid and the rest of the Celtic deputation first met Willie Maley (Tom was out courting his wife-to-be), and their invitation to Willie to also come along was important in Celtic's history.
Maley died in 1935 and was buried at Kentigern RC cemetery in Glasgow.
# SM U-137

SM U-137 was a Type U 127 U-boat of the Imperial German Navy during World War I. Her construction was ordered on 27 May 1916 and her keel was laid down by Kaiserliche Werft Danzig. She was launched on 16 December 1916 and she was commissioned on 8 January 1918. She made no war patrols.
# Begum Jan

Begum Jan (Urdu: بیگم جان) is a doctor and the founder of the Tribal Women Welfare Association, which educates tribal women in Northwest Pakistan about their rights, and gives them medical training. She grew up in South Waziristan, a conservative area of Pakistan, but her father encouraged her to become a doctor. She attended a school for boys as a child because there was no school for girls, and when her tribal elders forbid her to attend high school she studied with a tutor instead.
In 2007, at a nationwide women's protest against clerics advocating suicide bombings and other violence, Jan led the Tribal Women Welfare Association's protest. As of 2008 she is the Tribal Women Welfare Association's chairwoman.
She received a 2008 International Women of Courage Award, making her the first Pakistani woman to receive that award.
# SM U-115

SM U-115 was a German Type U 115 U-boat (Projekt 43) of the Imperial German Navy built at Schichau-Werke, Elbing. As her sister ship SM U-116, she was never completed and ultimately broken up in Danzig after the armistice. Her main engines were used in M/S Adolf Sommerfeld ex SMS Gefion. Both boats had been offered to the IGN free of charge by Schichau in an attempt to gain experience in building submarines. When construction of the two boats began to lag behind due to shortages in raw materials and lack of experience in submarine construction, they were declared "war boats" (Kriegsboote), formally ordered by the Reichsmarineamt and given their respective designation. Though 14 more boats of the class were ordered on 29 June 1918 for delivery in 1919, on 20 October 1918, Schichau-Werke reported U 115 would not be ready for delivery until the spring of 1919. None of the 16 planned units would be complete before the end of the war.