OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Jabłonowo, Masovian Voivodeship

Jabłonowo is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Lesznowola, within Piaseczno County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately 7 kilometres (4 mi) south-west of Lesznowola, 11 km (7 mi) west of Piaseczno, and 21 km (13 mi) south-west of Warsaw.
# Herregårdsparken railway halt

Herregårdsparken railway halt (Danish: Herregårdsparken Trinbræt) is a railway halt serving the northwestern part of the town of Hjørring in Vendsyssel, Denmark.
The halt is located on the Hirtshals Line from Hirtshals to Hjørring. It opened in 2004. The train services are currently operated by the railway company Nordjyske Jernbaner which run frequent local train services between Hirtshals and Hjørring.

## Operations

The train services are currently operated by Nordjyske Jernbaner which run frequent local train services between Hirtshals and Hjørring with onward connections from Hjørring to the rest of Denmark.
# Limnaecia magica

Limnaecia magica is a moth in the family Cosmopterigidae. It is found in Sri Lanka.
# Benignus (bishop of Milan)

Benignus (Italian: Benigno) was Archbishop of Milan from 465 to 472. He is honoured as a Saint in the Catholic Church and his feast day is September 20.

## Life

Almost nothing is known about the life and the episcopate of Benignus. He was probably born to a noble family of Milan and he studied in Rome. He was elected bishop of Milan in 465, and he participated to a council which is identified by scholars as the Roman synod of November 19, 465, held in the Basilica di Santa Maria Maggiore under the presidency of Pope Hilarius.
In 466 Benignus probably consecrated the elected bishop Epiphanius of Pavia, and he had a part in the attempts to settle the dispute between Anthemius and the barbarian leader Ricimer.
Benignus died in 472, but sources are not unanimous on the exact day, suggesting the 22 November or 27 November, or even June of the same year. His feast is celebrated the 20 November. Benignus was buried in the city's Basilica of St. Simplician. A late tradition, supported only by a signet presumably found in 1582 in the urn containing his remains, associates Benignus with the Milan's family of the Bossi.
# Charles Otto Blagden

Charles Otto Blagden (6 September 1864 – 25 August 1949) was an English Orientalist and linguist who specialised in the Malay, Mon and Pyu languages. He is particularly known for his studies of Burmese epigraphic inscriptions in the Mon and Pyu scripts.

## Biography

Blagden was educated at Dulwich College in London, after which he obtained a scholarship to Corpus Christi College, Oxford University where he read Classics, graduating with a first class degree.
In 1888 Blagden was appointed to the Straits Settlements civil service in Malaya, where he held a number of administrative and judicial posts in Malacca and Singapore In 1897 he returned to England due to ill health, and the following year he became a Holt Scholar of Gray's Inn in London. In 1897 he was called to the bar, and for the next seventeen years he practiced law, co-authoring a number of legal works, whilst continuing to publish academic articles on Malay, Mon and Pyu.
In 1916 the School of Oriental Studies (later School of Oriental and African Studies) was founded as a constituent college of the University of London, in order to promote the teaching of Asian languages and to train colonial officials for the British Empire, admitting its first students in January 1917. Blagden had been acting as an examiner in Malay for the University of London since 1910, and in 1917 he was appointed as Lecturer in Malay at the School of Oriental Studies. He was later promoted to Reader and then Dean, before retiring in 1935.
Blagden also cooperated with Evangeline Edwards on studies of Chinese vocabularies of Malacca Malay (1931) and Cham (1939).
Blagden acted as vice-president of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland during 1923–1933 and 1935–1938, and then honorary vice-president from 1938 until his death in 1949. He was also vice-president of the Royal Anthropological Society.
In the 1950s Gordon Luce revealed plans to "complete and publish Blagden’s long-planned grammar and etymological dictionary of Old Mon", plans which, despite Luce's "tremendous effort", were not to be realised.

## Works

* 1898. "The medieval chronology of Malacca".
* 1902. "A Malayan element in some of the languages of Southern Indo-China". In Journal of the Straits Branch, Royal Asian Society no. 38.
* 1906. With Walter William Skeat. Pagan races of the Malay Peninsula. London, Macmillan and Co.
* 1906. "Siam and the Malay Peninsula". In Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society.
* 1909. "Notes on Malay history". In Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society.
* 1910. "Quelques notions sur la phonétique du Talain et son évolution historique". In Journal asiatique.
* 1912. "Notes on Talaing epigraphy".
* 1914. "The Pyu inscriptions". In Epigraphica Indica vol. 12 no. 16: 127–137.
* 1917. With Richard Winstedt. A Malay Reader. Oxford : Clarendon Press.
* 1920. Môn Inscriptions. Rangoon: Government Printery and Stationery.
* 1928. "The inscriptions of the Kalyāṇīsīmā, Pegu". In Epigraphia Birmanica.
* 1960. English-Malay phrase-book. Singapore; Malays Publishing House.
Further works listed by sealang.net here
# Nizhnyaya Salda

Nizhnyaya Salda (Russian: Ни́жняя Салда́) is a town in Sverdlovsk Oblast, Russia, located on the Salda River (Ob's basin), 205 kilometers (127 mi) north of Yekaterinburg, the administrative center of the oblast. Population: 17,619 (2010 Census); 18,067 (2002 Census); 20,932 (1989 Soviet census).

## History

It was founded in 1760; town status was granted to it in 1938.

## Administrative and municipal status

Within the framework of the administrative divisions, it is, together with five rural localities, incorporated as the Town of Nizhnyaya Salda—an administrative unit with the status equal to that of the districts. As a municipal division, the Town of Nizhnyaya Salda is incorporated as Nizhnyaya Salda Urban Okrug.
# Cheung Chau Theatre

Cheung Chau Theatre (Chinese: 長洲戲院) is a former cinema in Cheung Chau, Hong Kong.

## History

Opened in 1931, the cinema was closed in the 1990s.

## Conservation

Cheung Chau Theatre is listed as a Grade III historic building.
# Mireh va Ahmad

Mireh va Ahmad (Persian: ميره و احمد, also Romanized as Mīreh va Āḥmad; also known as Posht Tang-e ‘Olyā) is a village in Tarhan-e Sharqi Rural District, Tarhan District, Kuhdasht County, Lorestan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 375, in 71 families.
# Kurganinsky District

Kurganinsky District (Russian: Курга́нинский райо́н) is an administrative district (raion), one of the thirty-eight in Krasnodar Krai, Russia. As a municipal division, it is incorporated as Kurganinsky Municipal District. It is located in the east of the krai. The area of the district is 1,590 square kilometers (610 sq mi). Its administrative center is the town of Kurganinsk.

## History

The district was formed on June 2, 1924 as part of South-East, Russian SFSR. Its structure included a part of the territory of the abolished Armavir department of the Kuban-Black Sea region. Since November 16, 1924, the district is part of the North Caucasus Krai. Since January 10, 1934, the district is part of the Azov-Black Sea Krai. The Temirgoevsky District was separated from the Kurganinsky District on December 31, 1934. On September 13, 1937, Kurganinsky district was the part of the Krasnodar Territory.
In 2005, rural administrations were abolished in the district and 10 municipalities were established.
# Aseptis torreyana

Aseptis torreyana is a moth of the family Noctuidae first described by Tomas Mustelin in 2006. It is found in along the south side of the sea level salt marsh estuary of Torrey Pines State Natural Reserve in Southern California. The habitat is most likely salt marsh, although it could be coastal chaparral.
The wingspan is about 27.5 mm. The forewings are pale buff, overlaid with pale gray scales and marked with black basal dash and outlines of the three spots. The reniform spot is the largest and is filled with dark scales. The pale postmedial line is barely visible while the antemedial line is missing. The strong black basal dash gives the impression of a small pale Paraseptis adnixa. Adults are on wing in April.
# Marwitzia centiguttalis

Marwitzia centiguttalis is a moth in the family Crambidae. It was described by Max Gaede in 1917. It is found in Tanzania.
# Ralph D. Cornell

Ralph Dalton Cornell (January 11, 1890 – April 6, 1972) was an American landscape architect from Los Angeles, California.

## Biography
### Early life

Ralph Dalton Cornell was born on January 11, 1890, in Holdrege, Nebraska. He moved to California with his family in 1908. He graduated from Pomona College in 1914 and received an M.L.A. from Harvard University in 1917. During World War I, he served in the United States Army.

### Career

In 1919, he established a practice as a landscape architect in Los Angeles, California. He designed Torrey Pines State Natural Reserve in La Jolla with Theodore Payne. He also designed the Hillside Memorial Park Cemetery, the grounds of the Civic Center and the La Brea Tar Pits in Los Angeles, the Beverly Gardens Park in Beverly Hills, and the Glen Haven Memorial Park in Sylmar. He also restored the grounds of the Los Cerritos Ranch House in Long Beach.
Additionally, he designed the grounds of Pomona College, the University of California, Los Angeles, and the University of Hawaii.
He was a Fellow of the American Society of Landscape Architects.

### Death

He died on April 6, 1972.
# Falange Española Auténtica

Falange Española Auténtica (FEA) (English: Authentic Spanish Falange) was a neo-fascist and anti-Francoist political party in Spain.

## History

Falange Española Auténtica was founded in 1978 by expelled members of the Falange Española de las JONS (Auténtica) led by Miguel Hedilla. In 1984, Miguel Hedilla resigned as leader of the party and Ángel Gómez Puértolas took his place. In 1994, FEA ceased to exist after the majority of members left the party and joined Falange Española de las JONS.

## Electoral results

Congress of Deputies :
| Election year | Overall votes | Percentage | Seats won | +/– | Leader |
| 1979 | 2,736 (#46) | 0.02% | 0 / 350 | New | Miguel Hedilla |
| 1993 | 747 (#63) | 0% | 0 / 350 | 0 | Ángel Gómez Puértolas |
# Otenzepad

Otenzepad is a competitive muscarinic receptor antagonist that is relatively selective at the M2 receptor. It was investigated as a treatment for arrhythmia and bradycardia due to its cardioselectivity but research ceased after stage III clinical trials. The drug was originally developed by the German pharmaceutical company, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma KG.

## Pharmacodynamics

The (+)-enantiomer has 8 times greater potency at the M2 receptor than the (-)-enantiomer.
Potency of Otenzepad at muscarinic receptor isoforms :
| mAChR isoform | Dissociation constant (K$_i$) |
| M1 | 537.0 - 1300nM |
| M2 | 81.0 - 186nM |
| M3 | 838 - 2089.0nM |
| M4 | 407.0 - 1800nM |
| M5 | 2800nM |
# Domus Municipalis

The Domus Municipalis (Latin: municipal house) is a Romanesque building in the northeastern municipality of Bragança in Portugal. The exact function of this building, even after research completed in the 20th century, is still largely unknown: it could have served as cistern, but there are doubts if this was its primary function.

## History

A singular (enigmatic) building of Romanesque civic architecture, it is an eloquent extension of the medieval prison tower that it juxtaposes. Its construction was, most likely, in the first half of the 13th century, coinciding with the foundation of the cistern.
In 1501, in the published writings of the Abbot of Baçal, the author referred to the local record of Martim Anes, who spoke of the construction of the Domus during his lifetime. In this account, Martin Anes stated that it was used as a meeting place for the "good men" of the municipality. By 1503, the Domus was remodelled to partition the hall into two divisions to formalize its use as municipal hall.
Its designation, Domus Municipalis, actually dates back to the 19th century.
Although the building was classified by the Instituto Português do Património Arquitectónico (IPPAR) as a National Monument in 1910, by 1912, the building was in a state of degradation, without appropriate roof and used by squatters and the poor as shelter. Restoration of the building was completed in 1936 by the Direcção-Geral dos Edifícios e Monumentos Nacionais (English: General-Directorate for Buildings and National Monuments), or DGEMN (which evolved to become the Instituto de Gestão do Património Arquitectónico e Arqueológico (IGESPAR)). Similar restorations were undertaken in 1959 by the Serviços dos Monumentos Nacionais (English: National Monument Services), before being taken over on 1 June 1992 by the IPPAR by decree 106F/92.

## Architecture

Located in the Terreiro do Castelo alongside the Church of Santa Maria, the structure is based on a multi-level irregular pentagon, constructed of rounded granite blocks and held together by mortar, while covered by wooden roof tiles.
The Domus is constituted by two distinct spaces: the primitive cistern (documented after 1446), in order to store spring water; and a superior space that served as a gathering place for meetings of the "good men" of the community. It was in the first years of the 16th century that the municipalization of Bragança, from documents dated 1503.
In many of the documents, the building is referred to as the Sala da Água (English: Hall of Water).
One of the shields has been identified to have been sculpted during the modern era. Carlos Alberto Ferreira de Almeida noted that the other medallions, the diamond-shaped openings and the organization of windows, date the structure the beginning of the 14th century, or end of the 13th century. Near one of the entrances is a bronze plaque used by the archaeologist Gomez Moreno to indicate his investigations in the structure.
# Leptolaimida

Leptolaimida is an order of nematodes belonging to the class Chromadorea.
Families:
* Aphanolaimidae Chitwood, 1936
* Ceramonematidae Cobb, 1933
* Diplopeltoididae Tchesunov, 1990
* Leptolaimidae Örley, 1880
* Ohridiidae Lorenzen, 1981
* Paramicrolaimidae Lorenzen, 1981
* Rhadinematidae Lorenzen, 1981
* Tarvaiidae Lorenzen, 1981
* Tubolaimoididae Lorenzen, 1981
# Megalopalpus metaleucus

Megalopalpus metaleucus, the large harvester, is a butterfly in the family Lycaenidae. It is found in Liberia, Ivory Coast, Ghana, Togo, Nigeria, Cameroon, the Republic of the Congo, the Central African Republic, the Democratic Republic of the Congo (Mayumbe, Mongala, Uele, Equateur and Sankuru) and Uganda. The habitat consists of forests.
# Nechisar nightjar

The Nechisar nightjar (Caprimulgus solala) is a species of nightjar in the family Caprimulgidae. It is endemic to Ethiopia.
The species was first discovered in 1990 when researchers discovered a decomposing specimen in the Nechisar National Park. After bringing back a single wing from the specimen to the Natural History Museum in London, it was determined to be a previously unknown species. Its specific name, solala, means "only a wing".
Its natural habitat is subtropical. It is probably endemic to Nechisar National Park.
# Sardehat-e Bayat Jafar

Sardehat-e Bayat Jafar (Persian: سردهات بيات جعفر, also Romanized as Sardehāt-e Bayāt Ja‘far; also known as Sardehāt, Sardehāt-e Ja‘far, Sardehāt-e Pā’īn, Sardehāt Ja‘far, and Sardekhat) is a village in Zanjanrud-e Pain Rural District, Zanjanrud District, Zanjan County, Zanjan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 234, in 52 families.
# Jaczew

Jaczew is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Korytnica, within Węgrów County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately 6 kilometres (4 mi) north of Korytnica, 15 km (9 mi) north-west of Węgrów, and 64 km (40 mi) north-east of Warsaw.
# The Diabolical Church Window

The Diabolical Church Window (French: Le Vitrail diabolique) is a 1911 French short silent film by Georges Méliès. It was numbered 1548–1556 for the catalogues of Méliès's Star Film Company, but it was ultimately produced and distributed by Pathé Frères, who advertised it as with the subtitle magie vénitienne (Venetian magic).
Méliès's daughter, Georgette Méliès, is believed to have been one of the two camera operators for this and the other five Méliès films made in 1911–1912. Only a seven-minute portion of the film is currently known to survive; the rest is presumed lost.
# Liang–Barsky algorithm

In computer graphics, the Liang–Barsky algorithm (named after You-Dong Liang and Brian A. Barsky) is a line clipping algorithm. The Liang–Barsky algorithm uses the parametric equation of a line and inequalities describing the range of the clipping window to determine the intersections between the line and the clip window. With these intersections, it knows which portion of the line should be drawn. So this algorithm is significantly more efficient than Cohen–Sutherland. The idea of the Liang–Barsky clipping algorithm is to do as much testing as possible before computing line intersections.
The algorithm uses the parametric form of a straight line:
    $x=x_{0}+t(x_{1}-x_{0})=x_{0}+t\Delta x,$
    $y=y_{0}+t(y_{1}-y_{0})=y_{0}+t\Delta y.$
A point is in the clip window, if
    $x_{\text{min}}\leq x_{0}+t\Delta x\leq x_{\text{max}}$
and
    $y_{\text{min}}\leq y_{0}+t\Delta y\leq y_{\text{max}},$
which can be expressed as the 4 inequalities
    $tp_{i}\leq q_{i},\quad i=1,2,3,4,$
where
    ${\begin{aligned}p_{1}&=-\Delta x,&q_{1}&=x_{0}-x_{\text{min}},&&{\text{(left)}}\\p_{2}&=\Delta x,&q_{2}&=x_{\text{max}}-x_{0},&&{\text{(right)}}\\p_{3}&=-\Delta y,&q_{3}&=y_{0}-y_{\text{min}},&&{\text{(bottom)}}\\p_{4}&=\Delta y,&q_{4}&=y_{\text{max}}-y_{0}.&&{\text{(top)}}\end{aligned}}$
To compute the final line segment:
* A line parallel to a clipping window edge has $p_{i}=0$ for that boundary.
* If for that $i$, $q_{i}<0$, then the line is completely outside and can be eliminated.
* When $p_{i}<0$, the line proceeds outside to inside the clip window, and when $p_{i}>0$, the line proceeds inside to outside.
* For nonzero $p_{i}$, $u=q_{i}/p_{i}$ gives $t$ for the intersection point of the line and the window edge (possibly projected).
* The two actual intersections of the line with the window edges, if they exist, are described by $u_{1}$ and $u_{2}$, calculated as follows. For $u_{1}$, look at boundaries for which $p_{i}<0$ (i.e. outside to inside). Take $u_{1}$ to be the largest among $\{0,q_{i}/p_{i}\}$. For $u_{2}$, look at boundaries for which $p_{i}>0$ (i.e. inside to outside). Take $u_{2}$ to be the minimum of $\{1,q_{i}/p_{i}\}$.
* If $u_{1}>u_{2}$, the line is entirely outside the clip window. If $u_{1}<0<1<u_{2}$ it is entirely inside it.
# Tamarau Waiari

Tamarau Waiari (1835–1904), also known as Te Mākarini Te Wharehuia and Te Mākarini Kaikino, was a notable New Zealand tribal leader and tohunga. Of Māori descent, he identified with the Tūhoe iwi. He was the son of Waiari and the grandson of Te Ngahuru. He was born in the Thames district in 1835, when his family was visiting there. He was the father of Takurua Tamarau.
# Abdul Razzaq al-Issa

Abdul Razzaq Abdul Jalel al-Issa (Arabic:عبد الرزاق العيسى) (born 1949) is an Iraqi politician who served in different cabinet posts. He was recently Iraq's Minister of Higher Education.

## Early life and education

al-Issa was born in 1949 in Najaf, Iraq. He studied chemistry at the University of Basra in 1971 and received his doctorate from University of Liverpool in 1979. He served as president of the University of Kufa from 2006 until 2011 and in 2015 became a consultant to the Minister of Higher Education "Hussain al-Shahristani". In April 2016, Minister Haider al-Abadi to the government of technocrats to assume the post of Ministry of Higher Education and in August 2016 was approved in the Iraqi parliament to take office.
# Satpal Tanwar

Satpal Tanwar (born 29 October 1984) is an Indian social activist, and the founder and National President of Bhim Sena.

## Career

Tanwar is the founder and national president of Bhim Sena (All India Ambedkar Army). Bhim Sena was founded by Tanwar in 2010 and he was the key person in organising 2017 protests at Jantar Mantar regarding inaction in the Saharanpur violence case. He was support to Bhim Army in 2017.
He took part in the April 2018 caste protests and organised members of Bhim Sena at Kamla Nehru Park in Delhi.
In 2020, he organised a protest against the Hathras gangrape case at Gurgaon, allying with other Dalit organizations.
Tanwar protested at the national level against the decision of classification in reservation given by the Supreme Court on 1 August 2024. To protest the decision of division in reservation of Scheduled Castes / Tribes, he announced a nationwide Bharat Bandh on 21 August 2024. After this call of Tanwar, many Dalit social organizations and political parties supported the Bharat Bandh of Bhim Sena. After this, more than 28 lakh workers of Bhim Sena along with other Dalit social organizations successfully organized Bharat Bandh.

## Controversies

Tanwar filed a case under the SC/ST Act against Haryanvi dancer Sapna Chaudhary for allegedly degrading the Dalit community in one of the folk ragni songs. She attempted suicide after the case in 2016, blaming Tanwar for running online propaganda against her. Later on the case against her was cancelled and he was booked for abetment.
He was then attacked by a group of unknown men (alleged supporters of Sapna) late at night. Later an Indian Army soldier was caught threatening him over the phone for drawing back the case.
Tanwar landed in controversy again in 2022 for his misogynistic and derogatory remarks against Nupur Sharma, for her alleged blasphemous comments made during a television debate. He went on to offer 1 crore rupees to whoever severs her tongue and bring it to him. He claimed that she deserves to be hanged, which eventually got his Twitter account suspended. He was arrested, but later released on bail.
# 2021 in Mauritius

Events in the year 2021 in Mauritius.

## Incumbents

* President: Prithvirajsing Roopun
* Prime Minister: Pravind Jugnauth

## Events

Ongoing — COVID-19 pandemic in Mauritius

## Deaths
### April

* 10 April – Édouard Maunick, 89, poet (born 1931).

### June

* 3 June – Sir Anerood Jugnauth, 2nd Prime Minister and 4th President of Mauritius (b. 1930)