OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Thanas of Bangladesh

A thana (Bengali: থানা, romanized: thânâ, lit. 'police station') serves as a fundamental administrative unit in Bangladesh, functioning as a city district governed by a police station (analogous to a police district or a police precinct).
In rural areas, the thana system, originating in the 18th century under British rule, served as a sub-district administration, overseen by a Thana Council during the Pakistan period. However, starting in 1982, each thana was redesignated as an upazila (lit. 'sub-district') headed by an Upazila Council with provisions for semi-autonomous local governance.

## History

The term "thana" was introduced via a regulation issued on 7 November 1792 by the government of the Bengal Presidency. District magistrates were instructed to partition their respective districts into police jurisdictions termed as "thanas." Initially, a thana solely served as a police jurisdiction led by a junior police officer, typically the officer-in-charge (OC).
In 1959, under Ayub Khan's rule, Bangladesh (then East Pakistan) underwent a division into four-tiered electoral units in the rural areas. From bottom to top, these units comprised the Union Council, Thana Council, District Council, and Divisional Council. A Thana Council comprised both elected representatives and official members. Its primary role was to coordinate the activities of Union Councils within its jurisdiction.
Following further restructuring of the rural local government system after independence, on 23 December 1982, the Local Government (Thana Parishad and Thana Administration Reorganisation) Ordinance was enacted, bringing significant changes to the system of local governance at the thana level. In this re-organised framework, the thana became the focal point of administration, with the Thana Parishad assuming responsibility for all development activities at the local level. However, the national government retained direct responsibility for regulatory functions and major development activities of national and regional significance. Subsequently, in 1983, the Local Government Ordinance of 1982 was amended to re-designate and elevate the existing thanas as upazilas (sub-districts), with provisions for semi-autonomous local governance. After being reinstated in 1992, the thana system was reverted back to the upazila system in 1999.
In contemporary usage, the term "thana" specifically denotes police precincts and their respective police stations. Typically, each upazila is associated with one thana. However, larger administrative entities like city corporations might have multiple thanas, each overseeing different areas, serving as both a city district and a police district. In the 2022 census, each thana under a city corporation was considered a separate census unit.
# Local councils of Iran

The Islamic Councils (Persian: شوراهای اسلامی), formerly known as the Provincial Societies (Persian: انجمن‌های ایالتی و ولایتی, romanized: anjoman-ha-ye ayalati va velayati) are local councils which are elected by public vote in all cities and villages throughout Iran. Council members in each city or village are elected by direct public vote to a 4-year term.
According to article 7 of the Iranian Constitution, these local councils together with the Majlis (Parliament) are "decision-making and administrative organs of the State".
The councils are in charge of electing mayors, supervising the activities of municipalities; study of social, cultural, educational, health, economic, and welfare requirements of their constituencies; the planning and coordination of national participation in the implementation of social, economic, constructive, cultural, educational and other welfare affairs.

## Elections

* 1968
* 1970
* 1972
* 1974
* 1976
* 1978
* 1979
* 1999
* 2003
* 2006
* 2013
* 2017
* 2021

## City councils

| City | Seats |
| Tehran | 21 |
| Mashhad | 15 |
| Isfahan | 13 |
| Shiraz | 13 |
| Tabriz | 13 |
# Blue Band (brand)

Blue Band (known as Rama in Poland, Germany, Hungary, Slovenia, Croatia and Czech Republic) is a brand of margarine, cheese spreads, and vegetable fat spreads. Originally a Dutch brand developed by Van den Bergh it remains widely available in Germany, where it has been sold since 1924. It is produced by Flora Food Group except in southern Africa, and by Remgro-owned Siqalo Foods in southern Africa.

## History

Blue Band was developed as a premium quality margarine.
# Lij Michael

Michael Taye (Amharic: ሚካኤል ታዬ; born 19 February 1986), also known by stage name Lij Michael or Faf, is an Ethiopian rapper. Considered as "King of Ethiopian rap", he is prominent in the Ethiopian hip hop music culture.

## Life and career

Michael Taye was born on 19 February 1986 in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. He graduated from Andenet High School and pursued his diploma career in IT at Softnet College. While in college, Michael appeared in the institution to become an MC on many stages. In 2007, he released his first single called "Arada L'arada", and received over 300,000 views on YouTube in its first three months.
In November 2015, Michael released his debut album titled Zaraye Yehun Nege that consists of 15 tracks, becoming widely acclaimed album of the year. To promote the album, he began touring in Europe and collaborating with other Ethiopian artists of the time, such as Sami Dan and Bisrat Surafel. He participated in season 4 of Coke Studio Africa, and collaborated with Tanzanian Yamoto Band. He was nominated in MTV music award and AMAs for African musicians, becoming a widely acclaimed rapper. He released the second album called Atgebam Alugn in February 2021. In May 2021, Michael joined ensemble musicians Fikreaddis Nekatibeb, Kuku Sebsebe, Zeritu Kebede, Sayat Demissie and Rahel Getu for the single "Yehager Kasma". In July 2023, he released "Alew Mesenko". He released his third album titled "Addis Arada" in August 2024 on his YouTube page.

## Discography

* Zaraye Yehun Nege (2015)
* Atgebam Alugn (2021)
* Addis Arada (2024)
# Cacostola simplex

Cacostola simplex is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Francis Polkinghorne Pascoe in 1859. It is known from French Guiana and Brazil.
# Ireland in the Eurovision Song Contest 1990

Ireland was represented at the Eurovision Song Contest 1990 with the song "Somewhere in Europe", written and performed by Liam Reilly. The Irish participating broadcaster, Radio Telefís Éireann (RTÉ), selected its entry through a national final.

## Before Eurovision
### National final

Radio Telefís Éireann (RTÉ) held the national final on 25 March 1990 at the Gaiety Theatre in Dublin, hosted by Jimmy Greeley and Cliona Ni Bhuachalla. Eight songs competed in the event, and the winner was selected by twelve regional juries.
Liam Reilly had previously competed in the 1988 national final, where he placed second behind Jump the Gun. Linda Martin had previously represented Ireland in 1984 being runner-up to Sweden.
| Draw | Artist | Song | Points | Place |
| 1 | The Memories | "If It Means Losing You" | 57 | 8 |
| 2 | Ann Breen | "Oh, Darling" | 80 | 4 |
| 3 | Fran Meen | "Say That You Love Me" | 66 | 6 |
| 4 | Dreams | "Sin sin" | 73 | 5 |
| 5 | Connor Stevens | "Count On Me" | 88 | 3 |
| 6 | Linda Martin and Friends | "All the People in the World" | 105 | 2 |
| 7 | Maggie Toal | "Feed Him with Love" | 61 | 7 |
| 8 | Liam Reilly | "Somewhere in Europe" | 130 | 1 |

## At Eurovision

"Somewhere In Europe" was performed 17th in the running order on the night of the contest, following Portugal and preceding Sweden. At the close of the voting sequence, Ireland had 132 points, tying them with France for second place.
Both Greeley and Ní Bhuachalla provided the Irish television commentary for RTÉ 1 television viewers, with Larry Gogan commentating for RTÉ Radio 1 listeners. RTÉ appointed Eileen Dunne as its spokesperson to announce the Irish jury votes.
# Rural Felicity Plantation

Rural Felicity Plantation was a plantation, occupying around 1,300 acres (530 ha) of land, in Camden County, Province of Georgia. Located on the southern banks of the Little Satilla River, it was given by the State of Georgia to John Hais Hardee Sr. in 1787 for his distinguished service during the American Revolutionary War. He was one of the first burials there, upon his death in 1809, aged 61.
A family burial ground, which has come to be known as the Hull Cemetery, exists on the property. (Joseph Hull, who lived in nearby Little York, married Sarah Hardee, the sister of physician John Hais Hardee Jr., who was born in 1803. Hull was buried in the cemetery after his death in 1865, four years after his wife.)
Lieutenant general William J. Hardee was born at the plantation house in 1815.
The 1830 Camden County census indicated that John Hais Hardee Jr. and his sons, Thomas Ellis and Noble Hardee (brothers of William), owned 114 slaves. Upon the death of John Jr. in 1838, another of his sons, George Washington Hardee, took over the running of the plantation until the death of his mother, Sarah, in 1848, after which he moved across the nearby state line to Florida.
Charles Seton Henry Hardee, another grandson of John Jr. and Sarah, visited his grandparents at the plantation, where he was born in 1830, several times during his childhood. He documented them in his memoir Reminiscences of Charles Seton Henry Hardee, which was published by his granddaughter after his death in 1927. His father, John, was buried at the plantation upon his death, aged 32, in 1835.
"At the first bend of the stair case, 'in the house where I was born' at Rural Felicity, stood a Grandfather Clock about six feet high," wrote Hardee. "It was a source of never failing delight to me to watch the measured swing of its long pendulum and listen to its loud ticking, as it marked the rapid flight of time by seconds, minutes and hours."
At the rear of the house was a piazza that ran almost the entire width of the house. It looked northward "over an almost boundless continuity of marsh, with the Little Satilla River gleaming brightly in the sunshine in the distance." Rowboats travelling to or from Brunswick, Georgia, "about ten miles from Rural Felicity, in a northerly direction, had to cross over the Little Satilla."
A 16-year-old Hardee's final visit to the plantation occurred in 1846. His grandmother was living with George Washington Hardee, his uncle, who was "thirty-three years old at the time and unmarried."
# Dinohippus

Dinohippus (Greek: "Terrible horse") is an extinct equid which was endemic to North America from the late Hemphillian stage of the Miocene through the Zanclean stage of the Pliocene (10.3—3.6 mya) and in existence for approximately 6.7 million years. Fossils are widespread throughout North America, being found at more than 30 sites from Florida to Alberta and Panama (Alajuela Formation).

## Taxonomy

Quinn originally referred "Pliohippus" mexicanus to Dinohippus, but unpublished cladistic results in an SVP 2018 conference abstract suggest that mexicanus is instead more closely related to extant horses than to Dinohippus.

## Description

Dinohippus was the most common horse in North America and like Equus, it did not have a dished face (i.e. the head profile did not have a concave section). It has a distinctive passive "stay apparatus" formed from bones and tendons to help it conserve energy while standing for long periods. Dinohippus was the first horse to show a rudimentary form of this character, providing additional evidence of the close relationship between Dinohippus and Equus. Dinohippus was originally thought to be a monodactyl horse, but a 1981 fossil find in Nebraska shows that some were tridactyl. The species D. leidyanus had an estimated body mass of approximately 200 kilograms (440 lb).

## Diet

D. mexicanus fed primarily on C$_3$ plants in rainforest clearings based on paired carbon and oxygen isotope analysis.
# Baluchabad, Sistan and Baluchestan

Baluchabad (Persian: بلوچ اباد, also Romanized as Balūchābād) is a village in Poshtkuh Rural District, in the Central District of Khash County, Sistan and Baluchestan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 259, in 39 families.
# Valentine (Bill Frisell album)

Valentine is a studio album by American jazz guitarist Bill Frisell. The album was released on August 14, 2020, by Blue Note Records. This is his second release on the label.

## Reception

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| All About Jazz | |
| AllMusic | |
| Financial Times | |
| DownBeat | |
| Jazz Journal | |
| RIFF | 8/10 |
| Spectrum Culture | |
| The Times | |
Thom Jurek of AllMusic stated, "Valentine is a portrait of this trio at a creative peak. While not the liveliest record in Frisell's catalog, it is one of his most inquiring, rhythmically inventive, and lyrical. Given his voluminous discography, that's saying plenty." Ian Patterson of All About Jazz noted, "With Valentine, Frisell, Royston and Morgan revel in the tight but loose interplay that is a hallmark of the best groups, plying a course as deeply lyrical as it is adventurous. Feels like the beginning of a great adventure." Jazz Journal review by Elliot Marlow-Stevens commented, "Valentine represents the more reserved, gentle approach to music that he demonstrated on albums like 1992’s Have a Little Faith. Nonetheless, it is still a highly original album, delivered with the ability and skill of a veteran jazz guitarist." Jake Cole in his review for Spectrum Culture stated, "A breezy combination of blues, folk and jazz, Frisell’s latest is the sound of a maestro gently flexing his immense skills." Chris Pearson of The Times wrote, "Bill Frisell has been exploring the fringes of jazz guitar so much lately that a trio album arrives as a bold departure. Yet the familiar elements remain: nostalgia, solitude and contemplation cloaked in an atmosphere of dead-of-night tranquillity."

## Personnel

* Bill Frisell – guitars
* Thomas Morgan – bass
* Rudy Royston – drums
# Cheshmeh Shirin, Dezful

Cheshmeh Shirin (Persian: چشمه شيرين, also Romanized as Cheshmeh Shīrīn) is a village in Seyyedvaliyeddin Rural District, Sardasht District, Dezful County, Khuzestan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 53, in 9 families.
# Hugo Cianci

Hugo Cianci (born 9 June 1989) is a French professional football player who most recently played for Annecy.

## Career

He began his career at Grenoble Foot in 2007 and was promoted to the first team in 2009, he made his debut on 7 November 2009 against Monaco in the Ligue 1.
Having arrived at Annecy FC in July 2017, he left in early January 2019.
# Dean of Llandaff

Dean of Llandaff is the title given to the head of the chapter of Llandaff Cathedral, which is located in Llandaff, Cardiff, Wales. It is not an ancient office – the head of the chapter was historically the Archdeacon who appears in this role in the Liber Landavensis and in the Chapter Acts preserved in the Glamorgan Records Office – but the office of a separate Dean was established by act of parliament in 1843. A century later, the Deanery was merged with the Vicarage of Llandaff. The Chapter forfeited its legal rights on Disestablishment in 1920, when the Dean and Chapter as an ecclesiastical corporation was dissolved, under the terms of the Welsh Church Act 1914. There continues, however, to be a Dean and Chapter under the scheme or constitution made under the Constitution of the Church in Wales.

## Deans of Llandaff

* 1840–1843 John Probyn (archdeacon and dean)
* 1843–1845 William Bruce Knight
* 1845–1857 William Conybeare
* 1857–1877 Thomas Williams
* 1877–1879 Henry Lynch Blosse
* 1879–1897 Charles Vaughan
* 1897–1913 William Davey
* 1913–1926 Charles Edward Thomas Griffith
* 1926–1929 Frederick Worsley
* 1929–1931 Garfield Williams (afterwards Dean of Manchester)
* 1931–1948 David John Jones
* 1948–1953 Glyn Simon (afterwards Bishop of Swansea and Brecon, 1953, Bishop of Llandaff, 1957, and Archbishop of Wales, 1968)
* 1954–1968 Eryl Thomas (afterwards Bishop of Monmouth, 1968, and Bishop of Llandaff, 1970)
* 1968–1971 Gordon Phillips
* 1971–1977 John Williams
* 1977–1993 Alun Davies
* 1993–2000 John Rogers
* 2000–2012 John Lewis
* 2013 Janet Henderson (resigned May 2013)
* 2014–2022 Gerwyn Capon (resigned May 2022)
* 2022–2024 Richard Peers
* 8 September 2024 onwards Jason Bray
Richard Charles Peers (born 1965) was instituted Dean of Llandaff on 20 November 2022. Both before and since ordination, Peers has worked as a teacher; he was Director of Education for the Diocese of Liverpool and CEO of Liverpool Diocesan Schools Trust before moving to Oxford in September 2020 as Sub-Dean of Christ Church Cathedral, Oxford. He was made deacon at Petertide 1993, by John Habgood, Archbishop of York, at York Minster; and ordained priest the following Petertide (4 July 1994), by Gordon Bates, Bishop of Whitby, at his title church: St Hilda's Church, Grangetown.
# Chanyuan Qinggui

The Chanyuan qinggui (Chinese:禪苑清規;pinyin:Chányuàn qīngguī;Wade–Giles:Ch'an-yüan ch'ing-kuei; Japanese:禅苑清規, Zenen Shingi;Korean:Sōnwōn chō'nggyu;Vietnamese:Thiền Uyển Thanh Quy) or The Rules of Purity in the Chan Monastery, is a highly influential set of rules for Zen monasteries compiled by the Chinese monk Changlu Zongze in 1103. Although many other monastic codes aimed at the Zen school would follow, Chanyuan qinggui is the oldest extant work of its kind. Prior to the Rules of Purity, various translations of Indian Vinaya texts had existed in China since the fifth century, while Chinese monks beginning with Daoan has created sangha regulations in the 4th century. However, none was extensive or geared towards any particular sect that existed at that time. Both types of regulations has a direct influence on Chanyuan qinggui, but neither aimed to be nearly as extensive or authoritative. The text regulates nearly all aspects of daily life in a monastery, from the proper protocol for ceremonies to the correct way to visit the toilet. It also includes the Zuochan Yi, the earliest known Chan Buddhist guide to sitting meditation.
The text became the standard reference for its topic not only in Song dynasty China, but also well into the Yuan dynasty, as well as abroad in Korea and Japan.
# Kureh Tasheh

Kureh Tasheh (Persian: كوره تاشه, also Romanized as Kūreh Tāsheh) is a village in Machian Rural District, Kelachay District, Rudsar County, Gilan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 157, in 37 families.
# Golden Nugget

Golden Nugget may refer to:

## Brands and enterprises

* Golden Nugget, Inc., a Houston-based casino resort chain
** Golden Nugget Atlantic City, a hotel, casino, and marina in Atlantic City, New Jersey
** Golden Nugget Las Vegas, a luxury hotel and casino in Las Vegas, Nevada
** Golden Nugget Lake Charles
** Golden Nugget Laughlin, a hotel and casino in Laughlin, Nevada
* Golden Nugget Companies (1973–1989), became Mirage Resorts
* Golden Nugget Pancake House, a chain of family restaurants
* Golden Nuggets, a breakfast cereal

## Games

* Golden Nugget (video game) for Microsoft Windows and PlayStation
* Golden Nugget 64 for Nintendo 64
* Golden Nugget Casino DS for the Nintendo DS

## Learning

* Golden nugget, an important piece of information or an unexpected enlightening fact
# Namata, Kozani

Namata (Greek: Νάματα, before 1928: Πιπιλίστα – Pipilista; Aromanian: Pipilishta) is a village and a community of the Voio municipality. Before the 2011 local government reform it was part of the municipality of Askio, of which it was a municipal district. The 2021 census recorded 66 inhabitants in the village. During Ottoman times, this was a purely Aromanian village.
# Si Thep district

Si Thep (Thai: ศรีเทพ, pronounced) is the southernmost district (amphoe) of Phetchabun province, Thailand, in the valley of the Pa Sak River. Si Thep, is Thailand’s latest World Heritage Sites, and Thailand's largest ancient city.

## History

The district was created on 13 December 1970 as a minor district (king amphoe) with territory from Wichian Buri district. It was upgraded to Si Thep District on 8 August 1976.
The ancient city of Si Thep was built in the Dvaravati era. Prince Damrong found the area of the old city in 1905 when he visited Monthon Phetchabun. It is now Si Thep Historical Park.

## Geography

Si Thep is on a dry highland surrounded by waterways and floodplains bordered by mountains on both sides. To ensure sufficient water for city use, ancient Si Thep had an elaborate system of ponds, tank moats, and a hydraulic system to bring water from higher grounds to sustain the city.
Neighboring districts are (from the north clockwise) Wichian Buri of Phetchabun Province, and Lam Sonthi, Chai Badan, and Khok Charoen of Lopburi province.

## Administration

The district is divided into seven sub-districts (tambons), which are further subdivided into 93 villages (mubans). The township (thesaban tambon) Sawang Watthana covers parts of tambon Sa Kruat. There are seven tambon administrative organizations (TAO).
| No. | Name | Thai name | Villages | Pop. |
| 1. | Si Thep | ศรีเทพ | 15 | 10,465 |
| 2. | Sa Kruat | สระกรวด | 17 | 15,731 |
| 3. | Khlong Krachang | คลองกระจัง | 18 | 13,554 |
| 4. | Na Sanun | นาสนุ่น | 20 | 11,011 |
| 5. | Khok Sa-at | โคกสะอาด | 13 | 6,748 |
| 6. | Nong Yang Thoi | หนองย่างทอย | 12 | 9,353 |
| 7. | Pradu Ngam | ประดู่งาม | 8 | 3,024 |
# The Castaways of the Flag

The Castaways of the Flag (French: Seconde patrie, lit. Second Fatherland, 1900) is an adventure novel written by Jules Verne. The two volumes of the novel were initially published in English translation as two separate volumes: Their Island Home and The Castaways of the Flag. Later reprints were published under the title The Castaways of the Flag.
The story is a sequel to the 1812 book The Swiss Family Robinson by Johann Wyss, picking up where that novel leaves off.

## Publication history

* May 1923, Their Island Home and The Castaways of the Flag, London: Sampson Low
# Standard Chartered Thailand

Standard Chartered Thailand (officially Standard Chartered Bank (Thai) PCL, Thai: ธนาคารสแตนดาร์ด ชาร์เตอร์ด (ไทย) จำกัด (มหาชน)) is a banking and financial services company in Thailand and a subsidiary of Standard Chartered. It serves wholesale banking customers.

## History

Standard Chartered Bank has been in Thailand since 1894 when the Chartered Bank of India, Australia and China first established a branch in Bangkok.
In 1999, Standard Chartered acquired 75 percent of the shares of Thailand's Nakornthon Bank for 12.377 billion baht (£193 million at the time). Twenty-five per cent of the shares are held by the Financial Institutions Development Fund, a fund established by the Bank of Thailand, which has recapitalised Nakornthon to approximately seven billion baht (£109 million). Nakornthon Bank was established in 1933 under the name Wang Lee Chan Bank, but changed its name to Nakornthon Bank in 1985. After the acquisition, Standard Chartered changed the bank's name to Standard Chartered Nakornthon Bank. At the time of the acquisition, Nakornthon Bank, with 67 domestic branches, was the second oldest Thai bank. With assets of approximately £1 billion, it ranked 12 of 13 Thai commercial banks by asset size.
In 2005 Standard Chartered merged its Bangkok branch into Standard Chartered Nakornthon Bank, and renamed the new entity Standard Chartered Bank (Thai) PCL.
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