OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Boyoma Falls

Boyoma Falls (Swahili: Maporomoko ya Maji ya Boyoma, French: chutes de Boyoma, Dutch: Boyomawatervallen), formerly known as Stanley Falls (French: Chutes Stanley; Dutch: Stanleywatervallen), is a series of seven cataracts, each no more than 5 m (16 ft) high, extending over more than 100 km (62 mi) along a curve of the Lualaba River between the river port towns of Ubundu and Kisangani (also known as Boyoma) in the Orientale Province of the Democratic Republic of the Congo.$^{:Vol.Two,175}$ The seven cataracts have a total drop of 61 m (200 ft). They form the largest waterfall by volume of annual flow rate in the world, exceeding both the Niagara Falls and the Iguazu Falls.
The two major cataracts are the first below Ubundu, forming a narrow and crooked stream that is hardly accessible, and the last that can be seen and visited from Kisangani. At the bottom of the rapids, the Lualaba is known as the Congo River. A 1m-gauge portage railway bypasses the series of rapids, connecting Kisangani and Ubundu.
The last of the seven cataracts of the Boyoma Falls is also known as the Wagenia Falls (French: chutes Wagenia, Dutch: Wageniawatervallen), referring to the local Wagenya fishermen, who have developed a special technique to fish in the river. They build systems of wooden tripods across the rapids fixed in holes carved in the rock by the water current. These serve as anchors for baskets that entrap large fish. The baskets are lowered in the rapids to “sieve” the waters for fish. It is a very selective fishing method, as these baskets are quite big, and only large fish are entrapped.
The falls were formerly named after Henry Morton Stanley, who explored the region and noted the fishing technique of the Wagenya. According to Stanley, "...by taking advantage of the rocks, the natives have been enabled to fix upright heavy poles, 6 inches in diameter, to each of which they attach enormous fish-baskets by means of rattan-cane cable. There are probably sixty or seventy baskets laid in the river on each side, every day; and though some may be brought up empty, in general they seem to be tolerably successful, for out of half-a-dozen baskets...twenty-eight large fish were collected..."$^{:197}$

## Gallery

* The falls are in the bottom center of Stanley's map. His route is indicated by the solid black line.
* Stanley Falls as interpreted by Stanley.
* Wagenya fishermen at Wagenia Falls
* Wagenia Falls.
# Mubah

Mubāḥ (Arabic: مباح) is an Arabic word roughly meaning "permitted", which has technical uses in Islamic law.
In uṣūl al-fiqh (Arabic: أصول الفقه, lit. 'principles of Islamic jurisprudence'), mubāḥ is one of the five degrees of approval (ahkam):
* farḍ/wājib (واجب / فرض) - compulsory, obligatory
* mustaḥabb/mandūb (مستحب) - recommended
* mubāḥ (مباح) - neutral, not involving God's judgment
* makrūh (مكروه) - disliked, reprehensible
* ḥarām/maḥzūr (محظور / حرام) - forbidden
Mubah is commonly translated as "neutral" or "permitted" in English., "indifferent" or "(merely) permitted". It refers to an action that is not mandatory, recommended, reprehensible or forbidden, and thus involves no judgement from God. Assigning acts to this legal category reflects a deliberate choice rather than an oversight on the part of jurists.
In Islamic property law, the term mubāḥ refers to things which have no owner. It is similar to the concept res nullius used in Roman law and common law.
# Albert Vërria

Albert Vërria (Fier, 3 September 1936 – Vlorë, 17 August 2015) was an Albanian actor. He was a Merited Artist of Albania.
Vërria was of ethnic Aromanian origin. He completed his primary and secondary school in his hometown. In 1963 he completed the high school for actor "Alexander Moisiu" in Tirana. He worked as a professional actor at the "Petro Marko Theater" in Vlorë. During this period he played over 90 roles in theatre pieces and over 40 roles in films. He has been honoured with many awards and medals at national festivals.

## Filmography

* Trapi i Vjetër - (2005)
* Misioni përtej detit - (1988)
* Në emër të lirisë - (1987)
* Rrethimi i vogël - (1986)
* Melodi e pandërprerë - (1985)
* Ditë të qytetit tim - (1982) (TV)
* Goditja - (1980) (TV)
* Përtej mureve të gurta - (1979)
* "Koncert në vitin 1936" - (1978)
* Nga mesi i errësirës - (1978)
* I treti - (1978)
* Thirrja - (1976)
* Në fillim të verës - (1975)
* Shtigje të luftës - (1974)
* Shpërthimi - (1974)
* Operacioni zjarri - (1973)
* Brazdat - (1973)
* Kapedani - (1972)
* Kur zbardhi një ditë - (1971)
* I teti në bronz - (1970)
# Daejeon Convention Center

Daejeon Convention Center (Korean: 대전컨벤션센터), also known as simply DCC, is the convention center run by the Daejeon Tourism Organization and the sole convention center for the city.

## Facilities

The first building, known as DCC1, was opened in 2008 with four exhibition halls and three medium-sized meeting rooms on the first floor and two grand ballrooms on the second floor. DCC2 opened in 2022 with a usable space of 49,754 square meters, which is roughly four times as much space as DCC1. The new building can accommodate 8,000 people. It is a three-story structure with four exhibition halls on the first floor and three meeting rooms on the third floor. DCC2 was built on the site of the Daejeon Trade Exhibition Hall.
# Bishnu Prasad Chaudhari Tharu

Bishnu Prasad Chaudhari Tharu (Nepali: बिष्णुप्रसाद चौधरी) is a Nepalese politician, belonging to the Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist Centre). In the 2008 Constituent Assembly election he was elected from the Bardiya-2 constituency, winning 17851 votes.
# Ministry of Higher Education, Science, Research and Innovation

The Ministry of Higher Education, Science, Research and Innovation (Abrv: MHESI; Thai: กระทรวงการอุดมศึกษา วิทยาศาสตร์ วิจัยและนวัตกรรม, RTGS: Krasuang Kan Udommasueksa Witthayasat Wichai Lae Nawattakam), is a Thai government body responsible for the oversight of Higher education, research, and science and technology in Thailand.

## Background

Ministry of Higher Education, Science, Research and Innovation is a Thai government ministry created the Act of Ministries, Bureaus, and Departments Improvement (No. 19), 2562 BE (2019), which took effect 2 May 2019 during the administration of Prime Minister Prayut Chan-o-cha.

## Organization
### Departments

* Office of the Minister
* Office of the Permanent Secretary
* Office of Atoms for Peace
* Department of Science Service (DSS)
* Office of the Higher Education Commission
* Office of the National Research Council of Thailand

### Supervised public organizations

* National Science and Technology Development Agency
* National Institute of Metrology
* Office of the National Policy Higher Education, Science, Research and Innovation Council
* Geo-Informatics and Space Technology Development Agency
* National Astronomical Research Institute of Thailand
* National Innovation Agency
* Thailand Institute of Nuclear Technology
* Synchrotron Light Research Institute
* Hydro and Agro Informatics Institute
* Thailand Center of Excellence for Life Sciences
* Thailand Science Research and Innovation

### State enterprises

* Thailand Institute of Scientific and Technological Research
* National Science Museum
# Neuhausen ob Eck

Neuhausen ob Eck is a town in the district of Tuttlingen in Baden-Württemberg in Germany.

## Demographics

Population development:
| Year | Inhabitants |
| 1990 | 3,295 |
| 2001 | 3,724 |
| 2011 | 3,845 |
| 2021 | 3,840 |

## Notable residents

* Bernd Luz, German contemporary visual artist.
# Mikhail Kublanov

Mikhail Moiseyevich Kublanov (Russian: Михаил Моисеевич Кубланов; 3 May 1914 – October 1998) was a Soviet scholar and historian of religion. Kublanov published about 100 scholarly works on the history of religion and archaeology. He was born in the city of Sebezh, then in the Russian Empire, he graduated from the history department of the Leningrad University. After the discovery of Dead Sea Scrolls Kublanov became one of the Soviet scholars who acknowledge the historicity of Jesus, unlike proponents of the Christ myth theory, like Sergey Kovalev. Kublanov also regarded the Testimonium Flavianum as authentic, writing that the passage, as attested to in Agapius' chronicle, "does not conflict with the political allegiance and religious affiliation of Josephus Flavius, so there is no evidence whatsoever to consider it false". In 1994 Kublanov emigrated to the United States and lived in Philadelphia. His works were also published in Hungary and Poland.

## Major publications

* "Finds in the Judean Desert" («Находки в Иудейской пустыне», 1960)
* "Jesus Christ – God, Man, Myth?" («Иисус Христос – Бог, человек, миф?», 1964)
* "The New Testament. Searches and Finds" («Новый Завет. Поиски и находки», 1968)
* "The Emergence of Christianity. Epoch. Ideas. Searches" («Возникновение христианства. Эпоха. Идеи. Искания», 1974)
# Bok, Khash

Bok (Persian: بك; also known as Bog) is a village in Kahnuk Rural District, Irandegan District, Khash County, Sistan and Baluchestan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 106, in 27 families.
# Renquishausen

Renquishausen is a municipality in the district of Tuttlingen in Baden-Württemberg in Germany.
# Strange Defeat

Strange Defeat (French: L'Étrange Défaite) is a book written in the summer of 1940 by French historian Marc Bloch. The book was published in 1946; in the meanwhile, Bloch had been tortured and executed by the Gestapo in June 1944 for his participation in the French resistance. An English translation was published by Oxford University Press in 1949 and by W. W. Norton in 1968.

## Background

The book focuses on the causes of the French defeat in the Battle of France in 1940, and in part uses a relatively long-term view similar to that in his history scholarship (see Annales school). The main thesis of the book is that the French leadership failed to recognize that, since World War I, "the whole rhythm of modern warfare had changed its tempo." There are only three chapters: Presentation of the Witness, being a short personal history of a life devoted to historical study and interrupted by World War I; One of the Vanquished Gives Evidence, a factual account of his experience in the battle of France; and A Frenchman Examines His Conscience, a biting analysis of the thinking and actions of the generation in the interwar period.

## Contents

Bloch raised most of the issues historians have debated since. He blamed France's leadership:
    What drove our armies to disaster was the cumulative effect of a great number of different mistakes. One glaring characteristic is, however, common to all of them. Our leaders...were incapable of thinking in terms of a new war.
Guilt was widespread. Carole Fink argues that Bloch blamed the ruling class, the military and the politicians, the press and the teachers, for a flawed national policy and a weak defense against the Nazi menace, for betraying the real France and abandoning its children. Germany had won because its leaders had better understood the methods and psychology of modern combat.
Bloch reports a harsh and forthright view of the cause of the defeat as he and fellow officers saw it at the time (p. 20 of the printed French edition, p. 45 of the manuscript, written between July and September 1940):
   "[W]hatever the deep-seated cause of the disaster may have been, the immediate occasion was the utter incompetence of the High Command."
Bloch is also critical of the Allies, specifically of the behaviour of British soldiers and of the High Command in the retreat in Belgium.
In a subsequent revision, however, he added a footnote that broadened the blame to non-HQ officers (p. 68 of the printed French edition, p. 145 of the manuscript, footnote dated July 1942):
   "failures in the troop command were substantially less rare than I had wanted to believe in the aftermath of the defeat. ... Certainly a certain morality crisis in class groups (among reserves as well as active officers) was deeper than one dared imagine."
Chapter III then expounded on more general institutional and societal failures that hindered France's response.
# Ezequiel Montes, Querétaro

Ezequiel Montes is a municipality in the Mexican state of Querétaro. Its seat is the town of the same name, founded in 1861 by Julián Velázquez Feregrino. Its original name was Corral Blanco.
The municipality was created in 1940, including the nearby towns of Bernal and Villa Progreso. As such, the municipality contains Saint Michael's temple, which was built from the 16th to the 18th centuries by the indigenous Otomies who lived in Querétaro and Jilotepec de Abasolo.
The main attractions are La Peña de Bernal, Freixenet vineyards and Villa Progreso.
# Roman Catholic Diocese of Varanasi

The Roman Catholic Diocese of Varanasi (Latin: Varanasien[sis]) is a Latin suffragan diocese in the ecclesiastical province of Agra in northern India's vast state Uttar Pradesh. Its cathedral episcopal see is St. Mary's Cathedral in the city of Varanasi.

## History

* Established on 11 July 1946 as Apostolic Prefecture of Gorakhpur, on territory split off from the Diocese of Allahabad, exempt, i.e. directly subject to the Holy See
* 17 September 1958: Renamed as Apostolic Prefecture of Benares-Gorakhpur
* Promoted on 5 June 1970 as Diocese of Banaras (Benares), losing its exempt status by becoming a suffragan of the Metropolitan Archdiocese of Agra
* 14 May 1971: Renamed as Diocese of Varanasi (as the city had changed its name).

## Ordinaries

(all Latin, Roman Rite)

### Apostolic Prefects of Gorakhpur

* Father Joseph Emil Malenfant, OFMCap (6 June 1947 – 17 September 1958 see below)

### Apostolic Prefects of Benares-Gorakhpur

* Joseph Emil Malenfant, OFMCap (see above 17 September 1958 – 1970)

### Bishops of Banaras

* Patrick Paul D'Souza (5 June 1970 – 14 May 1971 see below)

### Bishops of Varanasi

* Patrick Paul D'Souza (see above 14 May 1971 – 24 February 2007), Vice-President of the Conference of Catholic Bishops of India (1996 – 1998)
* Raphy Manjaly (24 February 2007 – 2013.10.17), later Bishop of Allahabad (India, in the same province) (2013.10.17 – ...)
* Eugene Joseph (2015.05.30 – ...)
# S. Toraighyrov Pavlodar Regional Universal Scientific Library

The S. Toraighyrov Pavlodar Regional Universal Scientific Library is a library located in Pavlodar, Kazakhstan. It was established as a district library in 1896, evolving from a city library established a few years prior, growing in status through various political changes in Kazakhstan. With the formation of the Pavlodar Region in 1938, the library was granted the status of a regional library.
In 1959, the library was named after Soviet writer Nikolay Ostrovsky. In 1996, as the library celebrated its centenary, it was renamed after the Kazakh writer Sultanmahmut Toraygirov, and consolidated its collections in multiple separate buildings into a single building at a new location.

## History

In 1892, the Pavlodar municipal council established a city library and reading room, initially in a private home. Donations from merchant Artemy Ivanovich Derov and other patrons of the city raised funds for the library's maintenance.
By 1896, it had become a Uyezd ('District') Library, which is usually taken to be the year the library was founded. By that time the library had accrued 5475 books and magazines. In 1920, after the adoption of a RSFSR decree to centralize library work, the library was transferred to central funding which allowed it to increase its collections and equip 10 mobile libraries throughout the region, which were used to help combat illiteracy.
In 1938, after the formation of the Pavlodar Region, the library received the status of Oblastnoi ('Regional') library.
In 1951, the regional library was able to interloan with the Moscow-based Lenin Library, as policies were developed to support regional and city libraries. In 1959 the library changed its name, and was named after the famous Soviet writer Nikolay Ostrovsky. In 1988, by the order of the Ministry of Culture of KSSR, the Pavlodar Regional Universal Library, Youth Library and Children's Library united to become the largest in the region, the Regional United Universal Scientific Library.

### Centenary

Until 1996, the regional library was located in five buildings scattered around the city, and not enough places for a single reading room. The books were stored in the book depository, which hindered the day-to-day functioning of the library. As part of the celebration of its 100th anniversary, the library was moved to the site of the current building, located at the corner of the intersection of Satpayev and Kairbayev streets, near the akimat of Pavlodar. The regional library was also renamed after the Kazakh poet, Sultanmahmut Toraygirov.
# Kalachyovsky District

Kalachyovsky District (Russian: Калачёвский райо́н) is an administrative district (raion), one of the thirty-three in Volgograd Oblast, Russia. As a municipal division, it is incorporated as Kalachyovsky Municipal District. It is located in the south of the oblast. The area of the district is 4,200 square kilometers (1,600 sq mi). Its administrative center is the town of Kalach-na-Donu. As of the 2021 Census, the total population of the district was 47,566, with the population of Kalach-na-Donu accounting for 37,1% of that number.

## History

The district was established in 1928 within Lower Volga Krai. When Lower Volga Krai was split into Stalingrad and Saratov Krais in 1934, the district remained a part of the former. In 1936, Stalingrad Krai was transformed into Stalingrad Oblast, which was renamed Volgograd Oblast in 1961.
# 359th Infantry Division

The 359th Infantry Division (German: 359. Infanterie-Division) was a German infantry division in World War II. It was formed on 11 November 1943 in Radom and surrendered to Soviet forces near Braunau, present-day Broumov in the Czech Republic.

## Commanding officers

* Generalleutnant Karl Arndt, 20 November 1943 – 25 April 1945
# Marie-Madeleine Prongué

Marie-Madeleine Prongué (31 July 1939 – 23 May 2019) was a Swiss politician who was a member of the Council of States in 1995.

## Life

Prongué's political career began as a member of the city council of Porrentruy from 1981 – 1988. She sat in the Parliament of Jura from 1983 until 1994. In 1995 she was the first woman to represent Jura in the Council of States (January – December).
Prongué was a member of the Christian Democratic People's Party of Switzerland, and became the first woman to lead the party in the canton of Jura in 1982. She co-chaired a commission representing women in the Catholic Church in Switzerland, until she resigned in protest alongside most other members of the commission in 2006.
Prongué died in Porrentruy in 2019.
# Jesus healing in the land of Gennesaret

According to the Gospel of Mark, as Jesus passes through Gennesaret, just after the account of him walking on water, all those who touch the edge, or hem, or fringe of his cloak are healed:
   "When they had crossed over, they landed at Gennesaret and anchored there. As soon as they got out of the boat, people recognized Jesus. They ran throughout that whole region and carried the sick on mats to wherever they heard he was. And wherever he went — into villages, towns or countryside — they placed the sick in the marketplaces. They begged him to let them touch even the edge of his cloak, and all who touched him were healed."
The same account is given in Matthew 14:34-36. In both the gospels, those who were sick aimed to touch the tassels (Greek: Greek: κράσπεδον, kraspedon) of Jesus' garments, "which in accordance with Numbers 15:38, the Jew wore on each of the four extremities of his cloak".
First-century historian Flavius Josephus refers to the Gennesaret area as having very rich soil. The town was perhaps halfway between Capernaum and Magdala.
This account is seen by some as a vindication of the reverence paid to relics practiced in the Catholic and Orthodox churches. As John McEvilly notes, this is because Jesus, "far from condemning, as superstitious, the respect and reverence paid to the clothes which He wore, even directly sanctions it, by working miracles in approval of it."
# Aizlewood

Aizlewood is a surname of Welsh origin. Notable people with the surname include:
* John Aldam Aizlewood (1895–1990), British Indian Army general
* Mark Aizlewood (born 1959), Welsh footballer and manager
* Steve Aizlewood (1952–2013), Welsh footballer
# Avellaneda Park

Avellaneda Park (Spanish: Parque Avellaneda) is a public park in Buenos Aires, Argentina. It is located at the heart of the Parque Avellaneda neighbourhood, which takes its name from the park.

## Overview

Nearly 5 km (3 mi) west of colonial Buenos Aires (little more than a hamlet at the time), an extensive plot of land was deeded in 1755 to the Brotherhood of the Holy Charity of Jesus Christ, who established an orphanage and the area's largest herbal remedy plantation. The "Remedy Farm" was purchased by Domingo Olivera in 1828, who maintained the herbal plantation and established the newly independent nation's first agricultural research station there. His son, Eduardo, became a licensed agronomist, a founding member of the influential Sociedad Rural Argentina and organizer of the country's first agricultural exposition, in 1866.
The Olivera family sold the estate to the city of Buenos Aires in 1912 and, under the direction of City Parks Commissioner Charles Thays, the land was inaugurated as Olivera Park in 1914 (Olivera Park was renamed in honor of former President Nicolás Avellaneda later that year). The 50 hectare (125 acre) park was the city's largest continuous green space and in 1916, the city installed its municipal tree farm on the park's western end for landscaping needs throughout Buenos Aires. Educator Antonio Zaccagnini opened a school for disabled children on the park's eastern end in 1925 and in 1930, following the passing of the Director of the Buenos Aires Zoo, Clemente Onelli, the ridable miniature railway he had installed at the zoo for children was relocated to Avellaneda Park.
The widening of Francisco Bilbao Avenue during the 1950s separated an 8 hectare (20 acre) southern section of the park, which was converted for use by Edenor, the public electric utility serving the area. The most dramatic change in the park's dimensions, however, took place after military-appointed Mayor Osvaldo Cacciatore's expropriation of a wide swath along Bilbao Avenue in 1977. The land was slated for the Perito Moreno Freeway, one of eight Cacciatore approved (though only three were built). Opened in 1980, the freeway's toll plaza takes up much of what was the park's southern section. These developments and nationwide economic malaise during the 1980s contributed to the park's decline. The first reversal of this came in 1989, when the former Olivera mansion was reopened as a cultural center, following years of disuse. A descendant of the mansion's namesake family, Enrique Olivera, became Mayor of Buenos Aires following the election of his predecessor, Fernando de la Rúa, to the Argentine Presidency. As Vice-Mayor, Olivera had initiated restoration projects for the ailing park and in July 2000, he reopened the Onelli miniature railway and inaugurated the Remedy Farm Cultural Center, a homage to the land's original use.