# Inter RAO

Joint Stock Company Inter RAO UES (Russian: Публичное акционерное общество «ИНТЕР РАО ЕЭС», short form: Inter RAO), traded as, is a diversified energy holding company headquartered in Moscow, Russia. Its business includes power and heat generation, electricity supply, international energy trading, engineering, design and development of electric power infrastructure. In addition to its assets in Russia it controls several energy companies outside Russia including thermal and hydro power plants, grid operators and energy traders. It holds a monopoly on the export and import of electricity in Russia.
Inter RAO is one of the largest Russian public energy companies by market capitalization which exceeded US$10.5 billion at the end of 2011. In fiscal year 2011 the company reported a revenue of USD 18.24 bn (versus USD 15.28 bn in 2010) and net income of $1.41 billion (vs $614 million in 2010). At the end of 2011, Inter RAO Group had more than 47,000 employees. In 2021, the company's revenue amounted to 89 billion rubles.

## History

Inter RAO was established in 1997 as a subsidiary of the Russian unified power company RAO UES. Its initial focus was international energy trading.
In 2002, Inter RAO started exporting electricity from Russia and generating its own electricity.
In 2005, Inter RAO made several acquisitions:
* 50% stake in Ekibastuz GRES-2 Power Station
* 25% plus 1 shares North-West Thermal Power Plant
* 70% stake in TGR Energy
* 51% stake in the Cuciurgan power station
In early 2008, Inter RAO obtainted listings on the Russian stock exchanges MICEX and RTS. As a part of its reorganization, Inter RAO received several Russian power generation facilities including Sochi Thermal Power Plant, North-West Thermal Power Plant, Ivanovo CCPP and Kaliningrad CHPP-2. In the same year, Inter RAO purchased the remaining 49% stake in the Cuciurgan power station.
In following years, the Government of Russia transferred the power companies shares remaining after the reform of RAO UES in the property of state-owned companies RusHydro, FGC UES, Rosimushchestvo, and Rosneftegaz to Inter RAO. That included transfer of 41% stake in Irkutskenergo, 65.8% of OGK-1, 3.24% of OGK-4, 26.43% of OGK-5, 24.9% of TGC-6, 34.21% of TGC-7, 30.54% of TGC-11, 20.24% of Kuzbassenergo, 21.27% of Bashkirenergo, 14.48% of Sangtuda 1 Hydroelectric Power Plant (in Tajikistan), and 100% of Razdan Thermal Power Plant (in Armenia).
In 2009, Inter RAO shares were included in the MSCI EM Index. In the end of 2009, INTER RAO was ranked fifth in Standard & Poor's informational transparency rating of the Russian energy companies.
In June 2018, board member Karina Tsurkan was arrested by the Federal Security Service, on allegations of spying on behalf of Romania.
On 13 May 2022, Inter RAO subsidiary RAO Nordic announced to suspend deliveries of electricity to Finland and stopped them at midnight. The announcement came one day after Finland's president Sauli Niinistö and prime minister Sanna Marin had expressed their support for Finnish membership in the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO). The move fits an ongoing pattern of economic sanctions and counter-sanctions in the wake of the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine.

## Shareholders

Major shareholders of Inter RAO are Russian state-owned entities. As of August 2018, shareholders of Inter RAO were:
* Rosneftegaz - 27.63%
* FGC UES - 9.24%
* Inter RAO Capital - 29.39%
* Freely traded (minority shareholders) - 33.74%
Boris Kovalchuk is the CEO of Inter RAO.

## Operations
### Electricity generation

Combined installed capacity of power plants operated by Inter RAO Group is approximately 28 GW. Inter RAO UES controls the following power generation assets.
Russian power generating assets
| Asset | Location | Capacity |
| INTER RAO - Electric Power Plants | Russia | 2283 MW |
| OGK-1 | Russia | 9861 MW |
| OGK-3 | Russia | 8357 MW |
| TGK-11 | Russia | 1971 MW |
| Ivanovo CCPP | Russia | 110 MW |
Power generation assets in other countries
| Asset | Location | Capacity |
| Hrazdan TPP | Armenia | 1110 MW |
| Mtkvari TPP | Georgia | 600 MW |
| Khrami HPP-1 | Georgia | 112,8 MW |
| Khrami HPP-2 | Georgia | 114,4 MW |
| Ekibastuz GRES-2 Power Station | Kazakhstan | 1000 MW |
| Cuciurgan power station | Moldova | 2520 MW |
| Vydmantai Wind Park | Lithuania | 30 MW |
| Sangtuda 1 Hydroelectric Power Plant | Tajikistan | 670 MW |

### Trading

The main export markets for INTER RAO are Finland, Lithuania and Belarus.
The following Inter RAO subsidiaries are responsible for international energy trading:
* Eastern Energy Company (focused on export of Russian electricity to China)
* RAO Nordic Oy (Finland)
* TGR Enerji (Turkey)
* Inter RAO Lietuva (Lithuania)
From October 2021, Inter RAO has increased supplying electricity to China by 90% up from planned amount, within the terms of the 25-year agreement of 2012 with State Grid Corporation of China. At the end of the same month, China sent out a call to “Inter RAO” for nearly double current amounts of supplies of electricity by the end of the year 2021. According to Alexandra Panina, member of the board of “Inter RAO”, the request of Chinese partners will be ratified almost completely.
In October 2021, Inter RAO announced electricity commercial supplies to Kazakhstan in November, due to its "inhouse" deficiency in this country.
On May 14, 2022 RAO Nordic released a statement saying they were halting the import of power into Finland due to lack of payment. Power transmission halted at 2200 GMT May 14, 2022.

### Power supply

Inter RAO Group operates seven Russian power supply companies.
| Asset | Location |
| Moscow Power Supply Company | Moscow, Russia |
| St. Petersburg Power Supply Company | St. Petersburg, Russia |
| Altai Power Supply Company | Altai Krai, Russia |
| Saratovenergo | Saratov Oblast, Russia |
| Tambov Power Supply Company | Tambov Oblast, Russia |
| INTER RAO - Oryol Power Supply Company | Oryol Oblast Russia |
| RN Energo | Moscow, Russia |
| Power Grids of Armenia | Armenia |
| Telasi | Georgia |

### Electric power distribution grids

INTER RAO Group controls two distribution grid companies in South Caucasus, Power Grids of Armenia and Telasi.
| Asset | Location | Grid Length | Number of consumers, thousands |
| Power Grids of Armenia | Armenia | 30 335 km | 950 |
| Telasi | Georgia | 3 930 km | 466.9 |

### Engineering

Inter RAO develops its engineering business as a key component of its integrated business model. In engineering, Inter RAO plans to focus on design of energy infrastructure, coordination of construction, delivery and installation of equipment; installation, configuration and maintenance services; and manufacturing of boiler and turbine equipment. The company asserts that these initiatives of its engineering business will help Inter RAO secure at least 20% of thermal power plant engineering, construction and equipment market. List of main engineering businesses within Inter RAO Group:
| Asset | Location | Profile |
| INTER RAO-Engineering | Russia | Coordination of Group's engineering projects |
| Quartz Group | Russia | Construction of infrastructure facilities, all types of energy equipment repairs |
| Dominanta Group | Russia | Construction and operation of small generators |
| Joint Venture with GE and UK ODK | Russia | Manufacturing and sales of gas turbines |
| Joint Venture with WorleyParsons | Russia | Import of leading edge technologies to Russia |