OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Arctic, Antarctic, and Alpine Research

Arctic, Antarctic, and Alpine Research is a peer-reviewed scientific journal published by the Institute of Arctic and Alpine Research (University of Colorado Boulder). It covers research on all aspects of Arctic, Antarctic, and alpine environments, including subarctic, subantarctic, subalpine, and paleoenvironments. Jack D. Ives founded the journal in 1969 as Arctic and Alpine Research and the name was expanded to include the Antarctic in 1999. The editors-in-chief are Anne E. Jennings and Bill Bowman (University of Colorado Boulder).

## Abstracting and indexing

The journal is abstracted and indexed in the Science Citation Index, Current Contents/Agriculture, Biology & Environmental Sciences, The Zoological Record, and BIOSIS Previews. According to the Journal Citation Reports, the journal has a 2017 impact factor of 2.231.
# Eva Stachniak

Eva Stachniak (born 1952) is a Polish-Canadian novelist.

## Biography

Stachniak came to Canada in 1981 to study at McGill University, and remained in the country after the imposition of martial law in Poland prevented her from returning home. She worked for Radio Canada International from 1984 to 1986, and then moved to Toronto to teach at Sheridan College.
Her debut novel Necessary Lies, published in 2000, won the Books in Canada First Novel Award. Her second novel, Garden of Venus, followed in 2005. The book was also published under the title Dancing with Kings in the United Kingdom.
Her third novel, The Winter Palace, was published in 2012. A historical novel about Catherine the Great, The Winter Palace became Stachniak's first Canadian and international bestseller. She followed with a sequel novel, Empress of the Night, in 2014.
She has also published short stories in literary magazines and anthologies.

## Works

* Necessary Lies (2000, ISBN 978-0889242951)
* Garden of Venus (2005, ISBN 978-0002005784)
* The Winter Palace (2012, ISBN 978-0553386899)
* Empress of the Night (2014, ISBN 978-0553808131)
* The Chosen Maiden (2017, ISBN 978-0385678568)
* The School of Mirrors (2022)
# 1936 in Mexico

Events in the year 1936 in Mexico.

## Incumbents
### Federal government

* President: Lázaro Cárdenas
* Interior Secretary (SEGOB): Silvestre Guerrero
* Secretary of Foreign Affairs (SRE): Eduardo Hay
* Communications Secretary (SCT): Francisco J. Múgica
* Education Secretary (SEP): Gonzalo Vázquez Vela
* Secretary of Defense (SEDENA): Manuel Ávila Camacho

### Supreme Court

* President of the Supreme Court: Daniel V. Valencia

### Governors

* Aguascalientes: Enrique Osorio Camarena/Juan G. Alvarado Lavallade
* Campeche: Eduardo Mena Córdova
* Chiapas: Victórico R. Grajales/Efraín A. Gutiérrez
* Chihuahua: Rodrigo M. Quevedo
* Coahuila: Jesús Valdez Sánchez
* Colima: Miguel G. Santa Ana
* Durango: Enrique R. Calderón
* Guanajuato: José Inocente Lugo
* Guerrero: José Inocente Lugo
* Hidalgo: Ernesto Viveros
* Jalisco: Everardo Topete
* State of Mexico: Eucario López
* Michoacán: Rafael Ordorica/Gildardo Magaña
* Morelos: José Refugio Bustamante
* Nayarit: Joaquín Cardoso
* Nuevo León: Gregorio Morales Sánchez/Anacleto Guerrero Guajardo
* Oaxaca: Anastasio García Toledo/Constantino Chapital
* Puebla: Gustavo Ariza
* Querétaro: Ramón Rodríguez Familiar
* San Luis Potosí: Mateo Fernández Netro
* Sinaloa: Manuel Páez
* Sonora: Ramón Ramos
* Tabasco: Víctor Fernández Manero
* Tamaulipas: Enrique Canseco
* Tlaxcala: Adolfo Bonilla
* Veracruz: Miguel Alemán Valdés
* Yucatán: Fernando Cárdenas/Florencio Palomo Valencia
* Zacatecas: Matías Ramos

## Popular culture
### Sports

* Mexico wins a total of three bronze medals at the Summer Olympics.

### Film

* Allá en el Rancho Grande, directed by Fernando de Fuentes and starring Tito Guízar and Esther Fernández; beginning of the Golden Age of Mexican cinema

### Literature
## Births

* 6 January – Rubén Amaro Sr., Mexican professional baseball player (d. 2017)
* 23 February — Manuel Bartlett, politician (PRI)
* 8 March – Mario Hernández, film director and screenwriter
* 15 April – José Becerra, boxer
* 23 April — Víctor Cervera Pacheco, politician (PRI); Governor of Yucatán 1984–1988 and 1995–2001 (d. 2004)
* 8 May – Víctor Yturbe, singer (died 1987)
* 19 September – Juliana González Valenzuela, Mexican philosopher
* 8 October – Rogelio Guerra, actor (d. 2018)
* 27 October – Enrique Canales, technologist, editor, political analyst, painter, and sculptor (died 2007)
* Date unknown
** Mario Stern, composer and académic (d. 2017).

## Deaths

* 19 May – Pascual Díaz y Barreto, Archbishop of Mexico City (born 1876; colitis)
# Chhagalnaiya Upazila

Chhagalnaiya (Bengali: ছাগলনাইয়া) is an upazila of Feni District in the Division of Chittagong, Bangladesh.
Chhagalnaiya lies in the southern part of the district, bordering Tripura and Mirsharai Upazila of Chittagong. It is rich in history and culture. The great medieval warrior Shamsher Gazi hailed from Chhagalnaiya. It is also the birthplace of many other noted historical figures including Sir A. F. Rahman, first Muslim Vice Chancellor of Dhaka University, journalist Abdus Salam, Gaziul Haque, and Riaz Rahman (former foreign secretary).

## Etymology

Despite some beliefs, the origin of the word chhagal (ছাগল, 'goat') in Chhagalnaiya has no connection to the Gandhi's goat stealing incident of 1946. The Chhagalnaya-Parshuram region, located in this relatively ancient part of Noakhali, had a large portion of its area submerged underwater in the distant past. This body of water was known as either billasagar or sukh sagar (transl. sea of happiness), according to different opinions. Numerous boat wrecks have been discovered in this area once inhabited by boatmen, referred to as sagarer naiya (Bengali: সাগরের নাইয়া, lit. 'boatmen of the sea') in Bengali. Over time, sagarer naiya evolved into sagarnaiya in folk language, and eventually into chagalnaiya, the term used today. Some accounts suggest that during the early British period, the word sagar (sea) was mistakenly transcribed as sagol, resulting in sagolnaiya or Chhagalnaiya.$^{:111}$

## Geography and history

Chhagalnaiya is located at 23°02′10″N 91°31′10″E﻿ / ﻿23.0361°N 91.5194°E﻿ / 23.0361; 91.5194. It has 36,744 household units and a total area of 139.59 km$^2$.
Chagalnaiya is an upazila in the Feni district in Bangladesh.

## Demographics

Religions in Chhagalnaiya Upazila (2022) :
| Religion | Religion | Percent | Percent |
| Islam | Islam | 97.37% | 97.37% |
| Hinduism | Hinduism | 2.56% | 2.56% |
| Other or not stated | Other or not stated | 0.07% | 0.07% |
As of the 2011 Census of Bangladesh, Chhagalnaiya upazila had 36,744 households and a population of 187,156. 41,904 (22.39%) were under 10 years of age. Chhagalnaiya had an average literacy rate of 63.38%, compared to the national average of 51.8%, and a sex ratio of 1091 females per 1000 males. 48,243 (25.78%) of the population lived in urban areas.

## Administration

UNO: Saiful Islam Komol.
Chhagalnaiya Upazila is divided into Chhagalnaiya Municipality and five union parishads: Gopal, Mohamaya, Pathan gar, Radhanagar, and Shubhapur. The union parishads are subdivided into 54 mauzas and 58 villages.
Chhagalnaiya Municipality is subdivided into 9 wards and 11 mahallas.

## Notable people

* Abdus Salam, journalist and editor
* Shamsher Ghazi, warlord and ruler of Tippera
* Kazi Mozammel Haque, historian and writer.
# Mønsted's House

Mønsted's House (Danish: Mønsteds Gård) is a house and a listed building in Aarhus, Denmark. The house was built in 1810 and was listed on the Danish registry of protected buildings and places by the Danish Heritage Agency on 24 March 1950. The building is situated in the historic Indre by neighborhood on Vestergade across from the Church of Our Lady. The reason for the listing was partly the historical significance and importance of the building and the impact of its former inhabitants.

## History

In 1810 the merchant Hartvig Philip Rée bought a parcel of land on Vestergade 11 and constructed the building which would become known as Mønsted's House. Rée established several factories on the property and gradually built up a large fleet of merchant vessels. Rée successfully navigated the Danish state bankruptcy of the early 19th century and tax registers show he was the highest individual in 1818. Rée eventually became the first person of Jewish descend in Denmark who was admitted to the small group of eligible citizens who could vote and hold official office.
In 1865 Otto Mønsted settled in the city where he married the daughter of the local industry magnate Hans Broge in 1870. In 1893 Mønsted bought the factories on Vestergade which had been at the center of his trade and industry empire for over a decade at the time. Mønsted opened a margarine factory at the site which eventually became the brand "OMA – Otto Mønsted Aarhus". In 1900 the factories were renovated after a fire and a neighboring property was bought up. The factory grew to be one of the largest employers in the city until 1948 when production was moved to Copenhagen.
The building constructed by Rée and facing Vestergade became known as Mønsted's House. Rée, Mønsted and the industrial production that took place on the Vestergade property had a large impact on the city in the late 19th and early 20th centuries and this was factored into the decision to list the building. The building material is brick and the building is 14 joists wide with a facade divided by pilasters.
# Sebastián Novoa

Leonidas Sebastián Novoa Pavón (born 6 November 1992) is an Ecuadorian road cyclist, who currently rides for club team Team C & S Technology.

## Major results
### 2012

    1st Stage 3 (TTT) Vuelta al Ecuador

### 2014

    4th Road race, National Road Championships

### 2019

    1st Stage 1 Vuelta al Ecuador

### 2021

    1st Stage 3 Vuelta al Ecuador
    3rd Road race, Pan American Road Championships
    3rd Time trial, National Road Championships

### 2022

    2nd Road race, Pan American Road Championships
# National Route 100 (Costa Rica)

National Secondary Route 100, or just Route 100 (Spanish: Ruta Nacional Secundaria 100, or Ruta 100) is a National Road Route of Costa Rica, located in the San José province.

## Description

In San José province the route covers San José canton (Uruca district), Goicoechea canton (Calle Blancos district), Tibás canton (Cinco Esquinas district).
# Nissim ben Jacob

Nissim ben Jacob (Hebrew: ניסים בן יעקב), also known as Nissim Gaon (Hebrew: רבנו נסים גאון, lit. 'Our teacher Nissim the Gaon'; 990–1062), was a rabbi and Gaon best known today for his Talmudic commentary ha-Mafteach, by which title he is also known.

## Biography

Rav Nissim studied at the Kairouan Yeshiva, initially under his father, Jacob ben Nissim, who had studied under Hai ben Sherira and then Chushiel, who succeeded as head of the yeshiva. Nissim himself later became head of the yeshiva; in this capacity he is closely associated with Chananel ben Chushiel. His most famous student is probably Isaac Alfasi. Nissim maintained an active correspondence with Hai ben Sharira and with Samuel ibn Naghrillah, whose son Joseph married Nissim's only daughter in 1049.$^{:xix}$
| Chushiel | Chushiel | Chushiel | Chushiel | Chushiel | Chushiel | | | Jacob ben Nissim | Jacob ben Nissim | Jacob ben Nissim | Jacob ben Nissim | Jacob ben Nissim | Jacob ben Nissim |
| | | | | Nissim | Nissim | Nissim | Nissim | Nissim | Nissim | | | | |
| | | | | Isaac Alfasi | Isaac Alfasi | Isaac Alfasi | Isaac Alfasi | Isaac Alfasi | Isaac Alfasi | | | | |

## Works

The commentary Sefer mafteaḥ le-manʻ ūlei ha-talmūd (Hebrew: "The book of the key to unlocking the Talmud"; often, simply ha-Mafteach, (The Key), linked here) is essentially a Talmudic cross-reference. In it Rav Nissim identifies the sources for Mishnaic quotes, identifying obscure allusions to other places in Talmudic literature. He quotes from the Tosefta, Mekhilta, Sifre, Sifra, and from the Jerusalem Talmud, the explanations of which he sometimes prefers to those of the Babylonian Talmud. Nissim did not confine himself to quoting references, he also discusses these in connection with the text; this work is thus also a commentary. The work was written on several tractates, and is printed, in many editions, on the page itself.
Nissim also wrote other works, some of which have been lost, but which are quoted by later sages:
* "Siddur Tefillah", a siddur (prayerbook)
* A commentary on the Torah (now lost)
* A "Sefer ha-Mitzvot" on the commandments (now lost)
* "Hilkhot Lulav" a polemic against the Karaites (now lost)
* "Megillat Setarim": a collection of notes concerning halakhic decisions, explanations, and midrashim, primarily a note-book for the author's private use, and published by his pupils probably not until after his death.
* A collection of tales, "Sefer Ma'asiyyot ha-Hakhamim wehu Ḥibbur Yafeh meha-Yeshu'ah": about sixty tales, based upon the Mishnah, Baraita, the two Talmuds, and the midrashic writings; and written at the request of Nissim's father-in-law, Dunash, on the loss of his son. This is translated into English as "An Elegant Compilation concerning Relief after Adversity" (Bibliography, below)

## Literary portrayals

R. Nissim appears as a character in A Delightful Compendium of Consolation: A Fabulous Tale of Romance, Adventure and Faith in the Medieval Mediterranean, a novel by Burton Visotzky. The novel expands on the few known biographical facts (including the marriage of his daughter). Its title, A Delightful Compendium, derives from "Ḥibbur Yafeh".
# Pavlyuchenko

Pavlyuchenko, Pavliuchenko (Ukrainian: Павлюченко; Russian: Павлюченко), Pauliuchenka or Paŭliučenka (Belarusian: Паўлючэнка), is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Daria Pavliuchenko (born 2002), Russian pair skater
* Konstantin Pavlyuchenko (born 1971), Kazakhstani-Ukrainian footballer
* Pavel Pavlyuchenko (born 1998), Belarusian footballer
* Roman Pavlyuchenko (born 1981), Russian footballer
# Newport (Ymerodraeth State of Mind)

"Newport (Ymerodraeth State of Mind)" is a parody version of the 2009 "Empire State of Mind" by Jay-Z and Alicia Keys. Recorded by singer Terema Wainwright and rapper Alex Warren, the 2010 music video was directed by MJ Delaney. The word "ymerodraeth" means "empire" in Welsh. The song features extensive references to the city of Newport in South Wales.

## Production and release

The video was directed by filmmaker MJ Delaney, and featured singer Terema Wainwright and rapper Alex Warren. Both Wainright and Warren were London-based, although Wainwright grew up in Pencarreg, Carmarthenshire. The lyrics were written by Tom Williams, Leo Sloley and MJ Delaney, and feature numerous references to the city of Newport and Welsh popular culture. Warren and Wainwright performed the song live at the 2010 Newport Cityfest.
The video was published on 20 July 2010, and amassed over 2 million views on YouTube before it was taken down due to a claim by EMI Music Publishing on 10 August, who stated that the uploader did not seek permission from the original songwriters.
The lack of a fair dealing exclusion for parody works, exercised by EMI in their takedown notice, was cited in the Hargreaves Review on Copyright, commissioned by the Newport-based Intellectual Property Office. The review evolved into the Copyright (Public Administration) Regulations 2014.

## Responses

Newport-based rap group Goldie Lookin Chain released a "parody of a parody" video in response titled "You're Not From Newport", alleging that their rivals lacked local knowledge.
The song was the inspiration for actor Russell Gomer's parody "Ain't Seen Ruthin Yet", based on the song "You Ain't Seen Nothing Yet" by Bachman–Turner Overdrive and the town of Ruthin in Denbighshire.
In 2011, a new parody version, also directed by Delaney, was filmed and broadcast on Comic Relief. It featured numerous Welsh celebrities lip-synching to the original version. It starred Josie d'Arby, Steve Jones, Paul Whitehouse, Siân Lloyd, Connie Fisher, John Humphrys, Gethin Jones, Helen Lederer, Robbie Savage, Anneka Rice, Ruth Madoc, Tim Vincent, Howard Marks, Gareth Jones, Lisa Rogers, Helen Adams, Max Boyce, Joe Calzaghe, Dirty Sanchez, Wynne Evans, Goldie Lookin Chain, Colin Jackson, Grant Nicholas, Shakin' Stevens, Michael Sheen, Imogen Thomas, Bonnie Tyler, Alex Jones and Ian Woosnam.
# Land of Uz

The land of Uz (Hebrew: אֶרֶץ־עוּץ – ʾereṣ-ʿŪṣ) is a location mentioned in the Hebrew Bible, most prominently in the Book of Job, which begins, "There was a man in the land of Uz, whose name was Job".
The name "Uz" is used most often to refer to Uz, son of Aram, presumably the region's namesake. He is mentioned repeatedly in the Bible, in the books of Genesis and 1 Chronicles. It is most often theorized that the Land of Uz is located in either Aram, Edom, or both.

## Location

It has been long debated if Uz is in either Aram or Edom. In the Bible, Genesis 10:23, Genesis 22:21 and 1 Chronicles 1:42 mention Aram, son of Shem, whose firstborn son is named Uz. Thus, Rashi places Uz in Aram. According to the War Scroll (one of the Dead Sea Scrolls) the land of Uz existed beyond the Euphrates, possibly in relation to Aram. In column 2 verse 11, the War Scroll says,
    "they shall fight against the rest of the sons of Aramea: Uz, Hul, Togar, and Mesha, who are beyond the Euphrates."
Assyrologist K.L. Younger has suggested that a possible extrabiblical attestation of Uz might occur in a copy of Esarhaddon's Succession Treaty discovered at Tell Tayinat, which Younger (2023) reconstructs as referring to "the city and land of ˹Usî" in modern-day Syria.
Edom was roughly in the area of modern-day southwestern Jordan and southern Israel. Lamentations 4:21 reads:
    "Rejoice and be glad, Oh daughter of Edom, that dwellest in the land of Uz."
According to the Book of Job, Job lived "in the land of Uz". Jeremiah 25 lists nations including Uz and Edom but not Aram, supporting the identification of Uz with Aram. Job has often been identified as the Jobab mentioned in Genesis 36:33, king of Edom and great-grandson of Esau.
It is also possible that there were two distinct locations, both known as the "Land of Uz" – one in Edom and another in Aram.

### Other interpretations

Some scholars hold that Uz is a fictional place, invented to serve as a setting for the story of Job, rather than a physical land. The word Uz in Hebrew means "counsel" or "advice", which here suggests that this story takes place in the "Land of Counsel". This fits the story, as the remainder of the book is a story about a man named Job who wrestles with his suffering, and is counseled by several men, and ultimately God.
A similar conjecture is that if Uz was a physical place, it may have been chosen as the setting for the story due to the meaning of its name.
# Hypolite Dupuis

Hypolite Dupuis (October 16, 1804 – July 1879) was known as a "veritable old settler" in the Minnesota River Valley when it was largely inhabited by Native Americans. He was a French Canadian fur trader who eventually settled in Mendota, Minnesota, opened the first general store there, and served as the first treasurer of Dakota County.

## Early life, career and family

During the early part of his life, Dupuis worked as fur trader with the American Fur Company. He was born in La Prairie de la Madeleine, near present-day Montreal in lower Canada.
By 1831, he had moved to what was then Michigan Territory, but would later become Wisconsin Territory and Minnesota Territory, to work at Joseph Renville’s Lac qui Parle trading post. He married Angelique Agathe Renville, eldest daughter of Joseph Renville and Mary Tokanne (a Dakota noblewoman and early Christian convert). Hypolite and Angelique's wedding at Lac qui Parle in 1838 was attended by missionary Stephen Return Riggs, and was later recorded as a Protestant marriage by Monsignor Augustin Ravoux.
They had eight children, and also raised a Métis orphan, Louise Allard.

## Business relationship with Henry Sibley

Hypolite Dupuis moved to Mendota, Minnesota around 1840 and lived with his family in a small cabin on the property of Henry Hastings Sibley.
Dupuis worked as a bookkeeper and then a business partner of Sibley, who later became the first governor of the state of Minnesota.
In 1848, Dupuis naturalized as an American citizen around the time that Henry Sibley was elected as the at-large Congressional district representative for the Wisconsin Territory.
The fur trade had largely died out by the 1850s, and Sibley and Dupuis liquidated their fur trade interests in 1853.
In 1854, Dupuis built a two-story home made of Wisconsin brick, and operated the first general store and grocery in Mendota from the main floor. He closed the store during the Panic of 1857. The house is now part of the Sibley House Historic Site.

## Public service in Mendota

Hypolite Dupuis was active in the Mendota community, serving as Dakota County's first treasurer in 1854, the justice of the peace in 1855, and as the Mendota postmaster from 1854 to 1863.
Although Dupuis is known to have been fluent in French, English and Patois [Michif, the language of the Métis or Half-Breeds], one lawyer recalled that he once lost a case adjudicated by Dupuis because he had argued his case vigorously in English and was poorly understood by Dupuis, whereas the opposing party was able to present its case and answer questions in French.
Hypolite's brother Michael Dupuis moved to Mendota in 1854, and served as school clerk for ten years and as deputy sheriff for three years.

## After the Dakota War

In 1871, Dupuis sold his brick home to Timothy Fee, and moved to the Devil’s Lake Reservation in North Dakota to work as storekeeper for the Fort Totten Indian Agency. He also briefly re-entered the fur trade. The Indian Agent for the reservation was William Henry Forbes, a former employee of Henry Sibley.
By 1879, Dupuis had moved back to Minnesota, where he died at the age of 74.
# Presidential representative of Ukraine in Crimea

The Permanent Representative of the President of Ukraine in the Autonomous Republic of Crimea (Ukrainian: Постійний Представник Президента України в АР Крим) represents the President of Ukraine in the Autonomous Republic of Crimea.
Originally created in 1992 as the Presidential representative of Ukraine in Crimea, the first representative was not appointed until March 1994. The first representative was Valeriy Horbatov, who worked as a head of the Krupskaya collective farm in Nyzhnohirskyi Raion, Crimean Oblast.

## Presidential representatives

* 1994–1996: Valeriy Horbatov
* 1996–1997: Dmytro Stepanyuk
* 1997–1999: Vasiliy Kiselyov
* 1999–2002: Anatoliy Korniychuk
* 2002–2004: Alexander Didenko
* 2005–2006: Volodymyr Kulish
* 2006–2007: Hennadiy Moskal
* 2007–2007: Viktor Shemchuk
* 2007–2007: Volodymyr Khomenko
* 2008–2010: Leonid Zhunko
* 2010–2010: Serhiy Kunitsyn
* 2010–2011: Viktor Plakida (acting)
* 2011–2011: Volodymyr Yatsuba
* 2012–2014: Viktor Plakida (acting in 2011–12)
* 2014–2014: Serhiy Kunitsyn (acting)
* 2014–2017: Natalia Popovych
* 2017–2018: Borys Babin
* 2018–2019: Izet Hdanov (acting, as first deputy)
* 2019–2022: Anton Korynevych
* 2022–present: Tamila Tasheva