OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Stegen

Stegen is a municipality in the Breisgau-Hochschwarzwald district, Baden-Württemberg, Germany. It borders on the city of Freiburg, being about 8 km away as the crow flies, lying in the valley of the river Dreisam. The municipality includes three population centres: the town of Stegen (which itself includes the villages of Weiler, Oberbirken, Unterbirken and Rechtenbach) and the villages of Eschbach and Wittental.
Economically, Stegen is partly an offshoot of Freiburg; for example, the Forest Zoology Institute of the University of Freiburg maintains a field station at Wittental. It also plays a role in Black Forest tourism, with guest houses and other facilities catering to visitors. It is the first town that a hiker on the Freiburg-Lake Constance Black Forest Trail passes through when travelling eastwards on the path from Freiburg.
# Philémon Cousineau

Philémon Cousineau (October 25, 1874 – March 3, 1959) was a Canadian politician born in Saint-Laurent (today part of Montreal). He was mayor of St-Laurent from 1905 to 1909, and Quebec Conservative Party leader from 1915 to 1916. He resigned following his defeat in the 1916 Quebec provincial election in the riding of Jacques-Cartier which he was the member for eight years. In 1920 he became a Quebec Superior Court judge.
He became Dean of the law faculty of the University of Montreal and emeritus professor. He was an associate of Batonnier De Sales Bastien, and became President of the Mount Royal Telephone Co. and of the St. Lawrence Tobacco Co., board director of Saraguay Light & Power Co., and member of the Canadian Club and Lafontaine Club of Montreal.
# Gallardet Dolmen

Gallardet Dolmen (French: Dolmen de Gallardet) is a dolmen near the village of Le Pouget in Languedoc, France. It is a large tumulus, containing a 12 metre long alley. The main chamber, 6 metres long by 4 metres wide, is covered by three large capstones. The entrance is described as being like an "oven door", 2 metres high and 1 metre wide. The access corridor is 5 metres long and between 1 and 1.5 metres wide. The corridor leads to an outside chamber which is 2.5 metres long and the same in width.
# Phenacodus

Phenacodus (Greek: "deception" (phenax), "tooth' (odus)) is an extinct genus of mammals from the late Paleocene through middle Eocene, about 55 million years ago. It is one of the earliest and most primitive of the ungulates, typifying the family Phenacodontidae and the order Perissodactyla.

## Description

Phenacodus intermedius reached 10 to 39 kg (22 to 86 lb), while P. trilobatus is estimated at 22 to 87 kg (49 to 192 lb). The typical Phenacodus primaevus was a relatively small ungulate about 1.5 m (4 ft 11 in) long and weighed up to 56 kg (123 lb), of slight build, with straight limbs each terminating in five complete toes, and walking in the digitigrade fashion of the modern horse. The middle toe was the largest, and the weight of the body was mainly supported on this and the two adjoining digits, which appear to have been encased in hooves, foreshadowing the tridactyl type common in perissodactyls and certain extinct groups of ungulates. The skull was small, with proportionately minute brain; and the arched back, strong lumbar vertebrae, long and powerful tail, and comparatively feeble fore-quarters all proclaim kinship with the primitive carnivores Creodonta. All the bones of the limbs are separate, and those of the carpus and tarsus do not alternate - each one in the upper row is placed immediately above the corresponding one in the row below. The full series of forty-four teeth was developed; and the upper molars were short-crowned, or brachyodont, with six low cusps, two internal, two intermediate and two external, so that they were of the typical primitive bunodont structure.
In habits, the animal was cursorial and herbivorous, or possibly carnivorous. In the early Paleocene of North America, the place of the above species was taken by Tetraclaenodon puercensis, an animal only half the size of P. primaevus, with the terminal joints of the limbs intermediate between hoofs and claws, and the first and fifth toes taking their full share in the support of the weight of the body. These two genera may be regarded as forming the earliest stages in the evolution of the horse, coming below Hyracotherium (see Equidae). As ancestors of the artiodactyl section of the Ungulata, we may look to forms more or less closely related to the North American Lower Eocene genus Mioclaenus, typifying the family Mioclaenidae. The species of Mioclaenus were five-toed, bunodont Condylarthra, with a decided approximation to the perissodactyl type in the structure of the feet. A second type of Condylarthra from the North American Lower Eocene is represented by the family Meniscotheriidae, including the genus Meniscotherium.
A 2014 cladistic analysis places both Phenacodus and Meniscotherium within stem perissodactyls.
Teeth and jaws probably referable to the Condylarthra have been obtained in European early Tertiary formations. All Ungulata probably originated from Condylarthra.

## Phylogeny

Cladogram after Gelfo and Sigé, 2011:

## Gallery

* Restoration by Charles R. Knight
* Skeleton of Phenacodus primaevus
* Restoration by Heinrich Harder
* Comparison of P. primaevus with a human
# R6 (RER Vaud)

The R6 is a railway service of RER Vaud that provides hourly service between Allaman and Palézieux in the Swiss canton of Vaud. On weekdays, rush-hour services continue from Palézieux to Romont FR, in Fribourg. Swiss Federal Railways, the national railway company of Switzerland, operates the service. The service was previously known as the S6.

## Operations

The R6 operates every hour between Allaman and Palézieux, using the Lausanne–Geneva line between Allaman and Lausanne and the Lausanne–Bern line between Lausanne and Romont FR, via Palézieux. The R6 runs as an express between Morges and Renens VD. It is paired with the R5 between Allaman and Palézieux, providing half-hourly service between the two cities. Between Lausanne and Palézieux the R5 and R6 are joined by the R9, and InterRegio 15; combined there is service over the line roughly every 15 minutes. Northeast of Palézieux, the R6 operates to Romont FR during weekday rush-hour only. It is the only stopping service for Oron and Vauderens.

## History

RER Vaud introduced the S6 designation with the December 2020 timetable change, replacing the S5, which was re-routed east of Lausanne to serve Aigle. The RER Vaud lines will be substantially reorganized in the December 2022 timetable change, with the S4 becoming the S6, and the former S6's local schedule being taken over by the S5, which will also be extended to Allaman.
The RER Vaud lines were substantially reorganized for the December 2022 timetable change. The "new" S6 was a renaming of the former S4, making local stops between Lausanne and Palézieux. On 10 December 2023, all RER Vaud lines were renamed as "R" and a number, instead of "S."
# Utsira High

Utsira High (Norwegian: Utsirahøgda) is a basement high and horst in the southwest of the Norwegian continental shelf. It lies east of the Viking Graben and west of the Stord and Egersund basins 190 km west of Stavanger. It was on the Balder oil field at the flank of the Utsira High that oil was first discovered in Norway in 1967.
The basement is of Utsira High is composed of granite that formed in Ordovician times. Parts of these granites contain saprolite and saprock that formed from weathering above sea level during the Early Mesozoic. before they became buried in Late Jurassic and Early Cretaceous-aged sandstone. These weathered rocks may be unconventional petroleum reservoirs.
The strandflat at Bømlo island is considered a sedimentary rock-free equivalent to the Utsira High.
# Fischingen, Baden-Württemberg

Fischingen is a municipality in the district of Lörrach in Baden-Württemberg in Germany.
# Württemberg (wine region)

Württemberg is a region (Anbaugebiet) for quality wine in Germany, and is located in the historical region of Württemberg in southwestern Germany, which today forms part of the federal state of Baden-Württemberg. Under German wine legislation, Württemberg and Baden are separate wine regions.
With 11,511 hectares (28,440 acres) under vine in 2008, Württemberg is Germany's fourth largest wine region. Winemaking cooperatives are very common in Württemberg, number around 70, and are responsible for almost 75% of the region's production. Unlike most other German regions, Württemberg has a long history of producing red wines, although from somewhat different varieties than other German wine regions.

## Geography

Most of the Württemberg wine region is situated around the river Neckar and several of its tributaries, Rems, Enz, Kocher and Jagst. The geography of the wine region is dominated by these river valleys and include several south-facing slopes. The main part of Württemberg is situated between the cities of Stuttgart and Heilbronn. There are also vineyards on Lake Constance that belong to Württemberg.

## Grape varieties

71% of the vines grown in Württemberg are of red grape varieties. The most common variety in Württemberg, and the region's signature grape, is the red wine grape Trollinger, which was planted on 21.2% of the vineyard surface in 2008. Trollinger gives red wines which are light in both colour and style (and occasionally made in a slightly sweet style) and Württemberg accounts for over 98% of plantings of Trollinger in Germany. Other common red varieties are Schwarzriesling (Pinot Meunier, which despite its German name is not related to "genuine" Riesling) at 15.1%, Lemberger (same as Austria's Blaufränkisch) at 13.9% and Spätburgunder (Pinot noir) at 11.1%. The most common white variety is Riesling (18.1%).
Leading grape varieties in Württemberg (date 2022) :
| Variety | colour | synonym | cultivated area (%) | cultivated area (ha) |
| 1. Riesling | white | | 18,7 | 2134 |
| 2. Trollinger | red | | 16,7 | 1908 |
| 3. Blaufränkisch | red | Lemberger | 15,5 | 1769 |
| 4. Spätburgunder (Pinot Noir) | red | Pinot noir | 11,5 | 1309 |
| 5. Schwarzriesling (Pinot Meunier) | red | Pinot Meunier | 10,5 | 1201 |
# Honigman

Honigman (or Honigmann) is a German and Jewish surname derived from the German words "Honig" (honey) and "Mann" (man). It may refer to:

## Companies

* Honigman LLP, a law firm headquartered in Detroit, Michigan
* Honigman (clothing company), an Israeli fashion company

## People

* Jason L. Honigman (1904–1990), U.S. lawyer, co-founder of Honigman LLP
* Steven S. Honigman (1948–2022), U.S. lawyer
* Sylvie Honigman (born 1965), academic and author
# Dubai Culture

Dubai Culture (Arabic: هيئة الثقافة والفنون) is an authority under Government of Dubai in the United Arab Emirates, which works in preservation of the cultural heritage and support of cultural scene in Dubai.

## History

Established in 2008 by Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum, Vice President of the UAE and Ruler of Dubai, as an entity to manage and support the art and culture infrastructure in the Emirate as well as preservation of the cultural heritage. The authority was part of Dubai's 2015 strategy for cultural development. in September 5th, 2019, Latifa Bint Mohammed Bin Rahsid Al Maktoum was appointed the Chairperson of the authority and in 2019 Hala Badri was appointed Director General of the organisation.

## Projects

* A.I.R Dubai: an annual art residency for artists and curators in the UAE and elsewhere, to be based in Al Fahidi Historical Neighborhood to work together and produce new work.
* SIKKA Art Fair: an annual happening showcasing emerging artists from the UAE in the field of visual arts, performances, music and film.
* Al Maktoum Hospital Museum: the plans were announced in early 2014 to create the first museum dedicated to preserving the history of the hospital in the UAE. The museum will be located within the original hospital building, which was built in 1951.
* Dubai Festival for Youth Theatre: an Annual festival Aims at promoting local theatre talents.
* Dubai Art Season: a week-long celebration of arts and culture in the emirate, featuring key events such as Art Dubai, Dubai Design Week, The Middle East Film & Comic Con and SIKKA Art Fair.
* Dubai Metro Museum: the Project were announced by Mohammed Bin Rashid Al Maktoum in 2014 to transform Dubai Metro stations into art museums, displaying artworks and creations from different art genres.
* Dubai Next: a collective of interactive discussions and cultural talks led by several cultural personalities to underline Dubai's global identity as a hub for innovation in the creative scene. The first two editions took place in Paris and Basel, the third edition took place during the opening week of Expo Milano and on the evening of the 56th Venice Biennial.
# Fenris Glacier

Fenris Glacier (Danish: Fenrisgletscher) is a glacier in the Sermersooq municipality, Eastern Greenland.
This glacier is named after Fenris (Fenrir), the mighty wolf of Norse mythology.

## Geography

The Fenris Glacier is located on the eastern side of the Greenland ice sheet, forming the boundary of the western and southwestern area of Schweizerland. It flows roughly southwards from the area of Gaule Bjerg, west of the Midgard Glacier and northeast of the Helheim Glacier. Its terminus is at the mouth of the Ningerti, one of the northernmost branches of Sermilik (Egede og Rothes Fjord), a large fjord system.
# No. 195 Squadron RAF

No. 195 Squadron was a Royal Air Force aircraft squadron that operated during the Second World War, at first in the ground attack role and later as heavy bomber unit with the Avro Lancaster.

## History

No. 195 Squadron was formed at RAF Duxford on 16 November 1942 with the Hawker Typhoon. After a long training phase the squadron became operational at RAF Ludham with the Typhoon operating offensive Rhubarb sorties and from the end of the year was involved with Roadstead operations using the Typhoons as bombers. The squadron was disbanded at RAF Fairlop on 15 February 1944.
On 1 October 1944 the squadron was reformed at RAF Witchford mainly from the former C Flight of 115 Squadron. Part of No. 3 Group it operated the Avro Lancaster in the heavy bomber role and operated from RAF Wratting Common until the end of the war in Europe. At the end of the European war the squadron was involved in supply drops over the Netherlands and transporting Prisoners of War to the UK from Germany and Italy. The squadron was disbanded for the final time on 14 August 1945.

## Aircraft operated

| Dates | Aircraft | Variant | Notes |
| 1942-1944 | Hawker Typhoon | IB | |
| 1944-1945 | Avro Lancaster | I and III | |

### Squadron Code Letters

| Dates | Letters | Aircraft |
| 1942-1944 | JE | JEK NG452 |
| 1944-1945 | A4 | A4C PB858 A4E HK868 A4F NN740 A4G NF995 A4H NG166 A4J HK660 A4T ? A4W ? A4X HK690 |
# Zucker Hillside Hospital

Zucker Hillside Hospital is a psychiatric facility in Glen Oaks, Queens, New York. It opened in 1926, relocated to its present address in 1941, and was renamed in 1999 to its present name.

## Overview

Zucker Hillside Hospital is an inpatient and outpatient psychiatric hospital. In the 1940s, they were an early deployer of electroconvulsive therapy. In 1948, it reported that over half their mentally ill patients reportedly "recover[ed] or show[ed] much improvement". Zucker Hillside operates as a division of Long Island Jewish Medical Center, following a 1971 merger.

## History

The hospital opened as Hastings Hillside Hospital at a location in Westchester County in June 1926.
Neuro-Psychiatrist Israel Strauss was its founder, and its focus is curable mental illnesses. They relocated to Glen Oaks, Queens in 1941, having raised funds to build Hillside Hospital in 1939.
In 1948, they began construction of another building, "which will increase the capacity of the hospital from 88 to 172 beds." By the time of their 1971 merger with Long Island Jewish Medical Center they had 200 psychiatric beds, and Hillside patients were participating in a system of self-government.

## Recognition and Prevention Program

The Recognition and Prevention (RAP) Program is a research and specialty clinic located in the hospital. It provides education and treatment for young people and their families, and conducts research about the effects of early identification in preventing the progression of serious mental illnesses.

### History

The RAP Program was founded by its director, Barbara A. Cornblatt, in 1998 and was one of the first programs in North America to investigate and treat the prodromal or pre-psychotic phases of schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. Since its inception, over 250 adolescents and young adults, ages 12–22, have participated in the RAP clinic and research program.
RAP is funded by the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation and the National Institute of Mental Health, and is part of the North American Prodromal Longitudinal Study (NAPLS), a consortium of eight prodromal programs which constitutes one of the leading investigations of the biological, behavioral and functional attributes of the psychosis prodrome worldwide.

## Wender Welfare League

Wender Welfare League was formed in 1934 by former patients of the hospital. In 1942 they opened "a playground and recreation center covering several acres." The League subsequently changed its name to the League for Mental Health.
# National Route 901 (Costa Rica)

National Tertiary Route 901, or just Route 901 (Spanish: Ruta Nacional Terciaria 901, or Ruta 901) is a National Road Route of Costa Rica, located in the Guanacaste province.

## Description

In Guanacaste province the route covers Nandayure canton (Zapotal district), Hojancha canton (Puerto Carrillo district).
# Kolka Sara

Kolka Sara (Persian: کلکاسرا, also Romanized as Kolkā Sarā; also known as Olkā Sarā) is a village in Chini Jan Rural District, in the Central District of Rudsar County, Gilan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 1,067, in 305 families.
# 1,2-Propanedithiol

1,2-Propanedithiol, sometimes called 1,2-dimercaptopropane, is a thiol with the formula HSCH$_2$CH(SH)CH$_3$. This colorless, intensely odorous liquid is the simplest chiral dithiol. Related dithiols include 1,2-ethanedithiol, 2,3-dimercapto-1-propanesulfonic acid, and 1,3-propanedithiol. It is generated by the addition of H$_2$S to the related episulfide, CH$_3$CHCH$_2$S.
Refractive index = 1.531-1.541
# High Amana, Iowa

High Amana is an unincorporated community and census-designated place (CDP) in Iowa County, Iowa, United States, and is part of the "seven villages" of the Amana Colonies. As of the 2020 Census, the population of High Amana was 113.

## Geography

High Amana is in northeastern Iowa County, 2 miles (3 km) west of Middle Amana and 1.5 miles (2.4 km) east of West Amana. It sits at the northern edge of the valley of the Iowa River. According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the High Amana CDP has an area of 0.39 square miles (1.00 km$^2$), all land.

## Demographics
### 2020 census

As of the census of 2020, there were 113 people, 49 households, and 18 families residing in the community. The population density was 295.1 inhabitants per square mile (113.9/km$^2$). There were 50 housing units at an average density of 130.6 per square mile (50.4/km$^2$). The racial makeup of the community was 95.6% White, 0.0% Black or African American, 0.0% Native American, 0.9% Asian, 0.0% Pacific Islander, 0.0% from other races and 3.5% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino persons of any race comprised 1.8% of the population.
Of the 49 households, 8.2% of which had children under the age of 18 living with them, 36.7% were married couples living together, 14.3% were cohabitating couples, 28.6% had a female householder with no spouse or partner present and 20.4% had a male householder with no spouse or partner present. 63.3% of all households were non-families. 49.0% of all households were made up of individuals, 18.4% had someone living alone who was 65 years old or older.
The median age in the community was 43.1 years. 23.9% of the residents were under the age of 20; 12.4% were between the ages of 20 and 24; 17.7% were from 25 and 44; 36.3% were from 45 and 64; and 9.7% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the community was 45.1% male and 54.9% female.

## History

This community was originally known as Hoch-Amana, German for "High Amana", also inflected as Hohe-Amana. Its full name was Amana vor der Höhe, lit. 'Amana in front of the height/hill'.
In 1881, High Amana contained a general store, sawmill, machine shop, and a blacksmith shop.
# Pavel Vlasov

Pavel Nikolaevich Vlasov (Russian: Павел Николаевич Власов; born 13 October 1960) is a Russian test pilot, engineer, one of the Gromov Flight Research Institute directors (2010–2017), chief of the Gagarin Cosmonaut Training Centre (2017–2021) and Hero of the Russian Federation.

## Biography
### Early years and military service

Vlasov was born on October 13, 1960, in the city of Lebedyn in the Ukrainian SSR (current Ukraine). He graduated high school with a gold medal and in 1977 he entered the Gritsevets Military Aviation Higher School of Pilots.
He trained there with Aero L-39 and MIG-21 aircraft and graduated with a "red diploma" in 1981.
Upon graduation Vlasov was assigned to serve as a flight instructor and trained military pilots in the same flight school. In 1987 he was selected for test pilot training at the Fedotov Test Pilot School.

### Aerospace industry

Upon graduation from the Fedotov Test Pilot School in 1989 Vlasov worked for the MiG Corporation as a test pilot and as a deputy director general for flight testing (2002–2010). He participated in flight testing of MiG-31 heavy interceptor, accomplished maiden flights and flight testing of the carrier-based MiG-29K fighter and thrust-vectoring version of MiG-29 (MiG-29OVT), MiG-29M/M2 and MiG-35 fighters and the MiG-AT trainer. Vlasov is type rated for 35 types of aircraft.
As an aerobatics pilot he flew demonstration flights at international air shows in the UK, Germany, India, the United Arab Emirates, Poland, France and Slovakia, and was awarded several times for his skills.
He headed the Gromov Flight Research Institute from January 2010, while keeping his position in the MiG Corporation until February 2014. In 2010, he completed the United Aircraft Corporation strategic personnel reserve programme in the Moscow School of Management SKOLKOVO. Vlasov worked as head of the Gromov Institute during its transformation into a public company, and became its Director General in 2012.
In November 2017 he became the head of the Gagarin Cosmonaut Training Centre where worked until retirement on 1 June 2021.
TASS reported that in 2023 Vlasov worked at United Aircraft Corporation as an advisor to the President of the corporation.
In August 2024 he was in a position of an advisor to the Roscosmos Director General and reportedly was one of the main candidates for the new position of the Roscosmos Deputy Director General for manned and automated spacecraft.

### Family

In 1986, Vlasov married Elena Pavlovna Vlasova, a teacher of chemistry and biology. Together they have a daughter Anna (born 1987) and a son Andrey (born 1993).

## Awards and decorations

* Hero of the Russian Federation (1998)
* Order of Courage (1996)
* Merited Test Pilot of the Russian Federation (2003)
* Honoured Aircraft Engineer of the Russian Federation
* Golden Idea National Award (2004)
* Golden Chariot Transport Award (2007)